THE
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE,
AND
JOURNAL OF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE,
/// - (AND
fj 0 U R N A L
OF THE
(NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
EDITED BY
SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D., F.R.S., F.S.A.,
CORRESPONDANT DE L'lNSTITUT DB FEANCE,
BARCLAY V. HEAD, D.C.L., PH.D.,
KEEPER OK COINS, BRITISH MUSEUM,
ITEM BE R OF THE 1MPER[AL GERMAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE,
HON. MEMBER OF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY OF VIENNA,
HERBERT A. GRUEBER, F.S.A.,
ASSISTANT-KEEPER OF COINS, BRITISH MUSKUM,
AND
EDWARD J. RAPSON, M.A., M.R.A.S.
THIRD SERIES.-— VOL, XX.
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LONDON :
BERNARD QJJARITCH, 15, PICCADILLY.
PARIS: MM. ROLLIN ET FEU ARDENT, PLACE LOUV01S, No. 4.
1900.
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LONDON* :
PRINTBD BY H. VIRTUE AND COMPANY, tlMITHU.
CITY ROAD.
CONTENTS.
ANCIENT NUMISMATICS.
Page
Greek Coins acquired by the British Museum in 1899. By
Warwick Wroth, F.S.A 1
Find of Eoman Coins and Gold Rings at Sully, near Cardiff.
By H. A. Grueber, F.S.A. . . 1* ifi-'IMihg ' 27
Otanes, and Phraates IV. By Warwick Wroth, F.S.A. . 89
AQPEA CITOY TAPCQ. By M. Rostowzew .^ . ' . 96
L' Atelier monetaire de Londres (Londinium) pendant la
Periode constantinienne. By Jules Maurice . . . 108
On the Re-arrangement of Parthian Coinage. By Warwick
Wroth, F.S.A. . 181
Unpublished or Rare Coins of Smyrna in the Bodleian Cabinet.
By C. W. C. Oman, F.S.A. . . . v.'j W.JTI 203
On a Hoard of Roman Coins found at Carhayes, Cornwall.
By F. Haverfield, F.S.A. ...... 209
Greek Coins acquired by the British Museum in 1900. By
Warwick Wroth, F.S.A. . 273
VI CONTENTS.
Page
Classification chronologique des Emissions monetaires de
PAtelier de Siscia pendant la Periode constantinienne.
By Jules Maurice 297
MEDIAEVAL AND MODERN NUMISMATICS.
Ecgberht, King of the West Saxons, and the Kent Men, and
his Coins. By Sir Henry H. Howorth, K.C.I.E. . . 66
On Some Unique Anglo-Saxon Coins. By Lord Grantley,
F.S.A 148
On the Half-Noble of the Third Coinage of Edward III. By
L. A. Lawrence ........ 162
On a Small Hoard of Groats of Henry VI to Henry VII.
By L. A. Lawrence . 166
The First Gold Coins of England. By Sir John Evans,
K.C.B 218
The Coinage of the South African Republic .... 252
NOTICES OF RECENT NUMISMATIC PUBLICATIONS.
Money. By A. R. S. Kennedy. (From Hastings' Dictionary
oftheBibh] 270
The Token Money of the Bank of England, 1797-1816. By
Maberly Phillips, F.S.A. . . . » v . 271
CONTENTS. Vll
MISCELLANEA.
A new Variety of the Half-Groat of Charles I. . .88
An unpublished Variety of the Porto-Bello Medal . .180
Medal of Successes of Frederick the Great in 1757 . .180
An unpublished Silver Coin of Verica ..... 264
Some unpublished Varieties of Saxon Coins .... 265
Bibliographical Notes on Greek Coins (continued) . . .36
Index of Authors and their Papers, and General Index of
Vols. XI— XX, Third Series.
Vlll PLATES.
LIST OF PLATES CONTAINED IN VOL. XX.
Plates
I., II. Greek Coins acquired by the British Museum in
1899.
III. Roman Gold and Silver Coins and Rings found near
Cardiff.
IV — V. Monnaies de Londres.
VI. A Find of Groats, Henry VI— Henry VII.
VII.— IX. Parthian Coins.
X. The Great Seal of Edward III, 1340—1372.
XI. The First Gold Coins of England.
XII. Coins of the South African Republic,
XIII., XIV. Greek Coins acquired by the British Museum in
1900.
XV., XVI. Monnaies de Siscia.
PBOCEEDINGS OF THE NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY.
SESSION 1899—1900.
OCTOBER 19, 1899,
SIB JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D., F.R.S.,
V.P.S.A., F.G.S., President, in the Chair.
Charles Bennet Lawes, Esq., was elected a Member.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table : —
1. American Journal of Archaeology. Ser. IT. Vol. ii,
No. 6, and Vol. iii, Nos. 1—3.
2. Monatsblatt der Numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien.
Nos. 190—193.
8. The Canadian Antiquarian and Numismatic Journal.
Vol. i. No. 4.
4. Guide pratique de 1'Antiquaire. By A. Blanchet and F.
de Villenoisy. From the Authors.
5. Revue Suisse de Numismatique. Vol. viii, 2me liv.,
and Vol. ix, lre liv.
6. Aarboger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historic. Bind xiii,
Heft 4, and Bind xiv, Heft 1—2.
a
& PROCEEDINGS OF THE
7. Nouvelle Encyclopedic Monetaire, by A. Bonneville;
Monnaies feodales de France, by F. Poey D'Avant ; Deutscbe
Miinzen, by H. Dannenberg, Vols. i — iv ; Schweizerische
Miinz-und-Geldgeschichte, by A. Eschar ; Numismatique Sois-
sonnaise, by A. Michaut ; and Luther's Andenken in Jubel-
Miinzen, by H. G. Kreussler. From Sir John Evans, K.C.B.,
the President.
8. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Vol. v.
No. 2.
9. Journal of Hellenic Studies. Vol. xix. Part I.
10. Bulletin de Numismatique. Mai — Sept., 1899.
11. Zeitschrift fur Numismatik. Band xxi. Heft 3 and 4.
12. Numismatische Zeitschrift. Jan. — Jun., 1899.
13. Revue Numismatique. 2me and 3me trimestre, 1899.
14. Annual of the British School at Athens, 1894—1898.
15. Revue Beige de Numismatique. 3me and 4me liv.,
1899.
16. Transactions of the Japan Society of London. Vol. iv.
17. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American
Numismatic and Archa3ological Society, 1899.
18. Medailles gravees par des Artistes d'origine Suisse. By
L. Forrer. From the Author.
19. Quelques Varietes inedites de Grand-Bronzes romaines.
By L. Forrer. From the Author.
20. Monnaies romaines inedites. By L. Forrer. From the
Author.
21. Rivista Italiana di Numismatica. Fasc. 2, 1899.
22. II Ripostiglio di Abbiategrasso. By S. Ambrosoli.
From the Author.
23. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.
Vol. ix. Part it.
24. Memoires de la Societe royale des Antiquaires du Nord,
1898.
25. Report of the Madras Government Museum, 1898 —
1899.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. O
26. Bulletin de la Societe des Antiquaires de 1'Ouest. 2rae
trimestre, 1899.
27. Trois Deniers Liegeois de la seconde moitie du XIIme
siecle. By the Vicomte B. de Jonghe. From the Author.
28. Les Monnaies frappees a Maestricht sous Philippe IV
(1621 — 1665). By the Vicomte B. de Jcwnghe. From the
Author.
29. The Imperial Coinage of Mexico. By Benj. Betts. From
the Author.
80. Les Liards de France. By Paul Bordeaux. From the
Author.
31. Limitation des types monetaires Flamands au Moyen-
Age. By R. Serrure. From the Author.
32. Medal in bronze commemorating the 60th year of the-
reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. From the Corporation
of the City of London.
Mr. R. A. Hoblyn exhibited a series of Irish groats of Mary
and Philip, dated 1553, 1555, 1556, and 1557. As Mary's
marriage to Philip did not take place till July, 1554, the date
1553 must be a blunder. Mr. Hoblyn also showed a medal of
Charles II, commemorating his departure from Scheveningen in
1660. This medal, which was the work of Pieter van Abeeler
was made into a box, containing two medalets of Charles IIr
one commemorating his restoration, the other his marriage.
Mr. T. Bliss exhibited some rare pennies of u3E.thelwulf and
Alfred.
Mr. C. E. Simpson exhibited an unpublished half-groat of
Aberystwith, struck during the reign of Charles I.
Mr. J. Young showed two Aquitaine gros of Edward IIIr
reading " Dominus Hibernias " instead of Dominus Aquitanice.
Mr. W. Webster exhibited a penny of Eadred, struck at
Axminster, being an unpublished mint of that reign.
Mr. G. F. Hill read a paper on the coinage of the high-priests
of Olba and of the districts of Cennatis and Lalassis. It
appears from the coins that Ajax, the Toparch of Cennatis
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
arid Lalassis, ruled from 10-11 to 14-15 A.D., and that M.
Antonius Polemo, high-priest of Olba and dynast of the same
districts, is to be placed some time between 17 and 36 A.D.
Professor Ramsay's identification of this Polemo with the
eldest son of Polemo I Eusebes and Pythodoris (mentioned,
but not named, by Strabo) is supported by all the evidence,
numismatic and historical. This paper is printed in Vol. xix.,
p. 181.
NOVEMBER 16, 1899.
SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., President, in the Chair.
Charles J. P. Cave, Esq., Reuben Cull, Esq., and Francis
Bertram Welch, Esq., were elected Members.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table : —
1. Handbook of Greek and Roman Coins. By G. F. Hill,
M.A. From the Author.
2. The Canadian Antiquarian and Numismatic Journal. Vol.
ii. No. 1.
3. The Vettian Picture. By E. J. Seltman and J. N.
Svoronos. From the Authors.
4. Monatsblatt der Numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien.
No. 195.
5. Travaux de la Societe Numismatique de Moscow. Vol. i.
and Vol. ii. lre liv.
Mr. R. A. Hoblyn exhibited some rare coins of the Irish
series, amongst which were the base groat of Mary, the
Kilkenny halfpenny and farthing, the Dublin halfpenny of
1679, the white-metal groat of James II, and " Voce Populi "
farthings.
NUMISMATIC SOCTETY. O
Mr. F. A. Walters showed an Irish double of Edward IV,
and a groat of Richard III of his first coinage ; both pieces
being of the Drogheda mint.
Mr. L. A. Lawrence exhibited a series of pennies of
Edward the Confessor, of the small cross and pyramid type ;
the bust of the king showing considerable variety, and in one
case being turned to the left instead of to the right.
Sir Hermann Weber, M.D., read a paper on recent finds of
archaic Greek coins in Lower Egypt, more particularly in
reference to one made at Sakha in the Fayum. The coins from
this last hoard were all of the sixth century B.C., and came
from various parts of the Greek world. The author drew
attention to the similarity of this and previous finds in Egypt,
and suggested that their importation must have taken place
about the period of the Persian invasion (B.C. 525). This paper
is printed in Vol. xix, p. 269.
Mr. F. J. Haverfield communicated an account of a hoard
of Roman coins found at Carhayes in Cornwall in 1869. The
hoard consisted entirely of base antoniniani, some 2,100 in
number, which extended from the reign of Valerian to that of
Probus (A.D. 253-282). The reigns most fully represented
were those of Gallienus, Victorinus, Tetricus sen., Tetricus
jun., and Claudius Gothicus.
DECEMBEE 21, 1899.
SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., President, in the Chair.
William Gowland, Esq., F.S.A., was elected a Member; and
M. Edmond Drouin of Paris, Dr. Ettore Gabrici of Naples,
and Prof. Dr. Behrendt Pick of Gotha, were elected Honorary
Members.
The following presents were -announced and laid upon the
table :—
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
1. Les Tresors de Monnaies Romanies. By A. Blanchet.
From the Author.
2. Rivista Italiana di Numismatica. Fasc. III., 1899.
3. Proceedings of the Boyal Irish Academy. Vol. v. No. 3.
4. Bonner Jahrbiicher. Heft 104.
5. Priester-Diademe. By G. F. Hill. From the Author.
6. Monatsblatt der Numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien.
No. 196.
7. Journal of Hellenic Studies. Vol. xix. Part II.
8. La Gazette Numismatique. 4 me annee. No. 2.
9. Aarboger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie. Bind xiv,
Heft 3.
10. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.
Vol. ix. Part III.
11. Publications de la Section historique de 1'Institut Grand-
Ducal de Luxembourg. Vols. xlvi, xlvii, and xlix.
12. Bulletin de 1'Academie royale de Belgique, Tomes
35—37 ; and Tables Generates, Tomes 1—30 ; and the
Annuaire from 1898—1899.
Mr. L. A. Lawrence showed some silver coins of Edward V
and Richard III, and pointed out that, whereas all the peculi-
arities found on the coins of Edward V were to be found also
on those of Richard III, none of them occurred on coins hitherto
assigned to Edward IV.
Mr. A. E. Copp exhibited a shilling of President Kruger.
Mr. T. Bearman exhibited a pattern noble of Charles I
(Scotland), from the Rev. J. H. Pollexfen's collection, supposed
by Burns to be unique.
Mr. R. A. Hoblyn showed pattern groats of Mary, wife of
William III.
Mr. A. A. Banes exhibited a shilling of the first issue of
George IV, 1820.
The President exhibited a Paduan medal, probably by Gio-
vanni Cavino, found in the neighbourhood of Hemel Hempstead,
having an obverse of Diclius Julianus (193 A.D.) and a reverse
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 7
copied from the decadrachms of Syracuse (circa 400 B.C.), and
also a head of Medusa in onyx, found in the Tiber about twenty
years ago.
Mr. E. J. Seltman communicated a paper " On Nummi
Serrati and Astral Coin-Types," in which he discussed the
theories which have been held to explain the issue of the
various ancient coinages having serrated edges. Among these
theories was one held by M. Svoronos, who supposed that these
coins were intended by their shape to symbolise solar or other
celestial bodies. Mr. Seltman did not accept this theory, and
incidentally discussed its application by M. Svoronos to the
explanation of many Greek coin-types. This paper is printed
in Vol. xix, p. 322.
JANUARY 18, 1900.
H. A. GRUEBEB, ESQ., F.S.A., Hon. Secretary, in the Chair.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table :—
1. Revue Numismatique. 4me trimestre, 1899.
2. Bulletin de Numismatique. Oct.— Dec., 1899.
3. Revue Beige de Numismatique. lre liv., 1900.
4. The Numismatic Circular for 1899. From Messrs. Spink
and Sons.
5. Handbook of the Coins of Great Britain and Ireland. By
H. A. Grueber. From the Trustees of the British Museum.
Mr. R. A. Hoblyn exhibited a series of groats, pennies, &c,,
of the Irish coinage of Edward IV extending from 1461 to
1470, during which period there were six distinct issues.
Mr. W. C. Boyd showed some unpublished varieties of
pennies of Burgred, Eadgar, and Harthacnut.
Mr. T. Bliss exhibited a crown in gold of Edward VI having
the mint-mark a swan, the special mark of Sir Martin Bowes,
and an angel of Charles I with the triangle mint- mark, both
hitherto unpublished.
S PROCEEDINGS OF JHE
Mr. L. A. Lawrence exhibited some contemporary forgeries
of coins of Charles I, the Commonwealth, and Charles II.
Mr. John Pinches exhibited a medal of the late Professor
Sylvester, struck as a mathematical prize medal by the Royal
Society.
Mr. W. J. Andrew communicated the introductory portion
of a monograph on the coinage of Henry I. After viewing
generally the state of the coinage at the period of the Norman
Conquest, and the proportionate value of commodities as repre-
sented by Norman money and by money of the present time,
the writer discussed the succession of the types of the coinage,
the constitution of the mints, the manufacture of the dies, and
the status of the moneyers. As regards the constitution of the
mints, Mr. Andrew was of opinion that not only were there
royal mints and mints of the bishops, abbots, &c., but that the
right of coinage was also granted to the greater ealdormen,
who, however, only exercised this privilege when residing in
their lordships, within the limits of which the mints were
situated. This would, in many instances, account for the long
intervals which occurred between the issues of many of the
lesser mints. In the case of the moneyers, Mr. Andrew held
that at first they were probably the actual engravers of the dies
for the coins, but that after the tenth century, when the control
of the coinage was centralised, they then became officers respon-
sible only for the proper standard of the money both as regards
its purity and weight.
FEBRUARY 15, 1900.
OLIVER CODRINGTON, ESQ., M.D., F.S.A., Librarian, in
the Chair.
Lionel M. Hewlett, Esq., and H. Neville S. Langton, Esq.,
were elected Members.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table :~
1. Zeitschrift fiir Nunrismatik. Band xxii. Heft 1 — 3.
2. Bivista Italiana di Numismatica. Vol. xii. Fasc. 4.
3. Monatsblatt der Numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien.
Nos. 197 and 198.
4. Bulletin historique de la Societe des Antiquaires de la
Morinie. Liv. 192.
5. Memoires de la Societe royale des Antiquaires du Nord,
1899.
6. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.
Vol. ix. Part 4.
7. Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution. Jan. 1897.
Mr. W. J. Hocking exhibited a specimen of the Canada
General Service medal, which has been awarded to those who
took part in repelling the Fenian raids on the Canadian frontier
in 1866 and 1870, or were engaged in the Red River Expedition
in 1870. It carries three separate bars, one for each of the
above events.
Mr. R. A. Hoblyn exhibited some rare Irish coins of Henry
VII, Henry VIII, and Elizabeth.
Mr. L. A. Lawrence showed some groats of Edward III and
IV with unusual minor peculiarities, and a London penny of
the latter bearing the mint-mark a mascle.
Captain R. J. H. Douglas exhibited a rare penny of William I
struck at Taunton.
Mr. W. J. Andrew continued his account of the coinage of
Henry I, the first portion of which he had communicated to the
Society at its previous meeting. Having analysed the contents
of the various finds of coins of Henry I which had occurred
during the past hundred years, he proceeded to describe in
detail the chronological sequence of the different types, each of
which marked a distinct issue. The classification was based on
the evidence afforded by the finds in question, on the changes
in the forms of the letters in the legends from Roman to
b
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Lombardic, on the various spellings of the king's name, and on a
mass of historical evidence, gleaned chiefly from contemporary
writers and chronicles. One of the results of Mr. Andrew's
studies has been that he proposes considerable modifications in
the succession of the types as suggested by Hawkins, whose
views have been hitherto mainly adopted by English numis-
matists.
MAECH 15, 1900.
OLIVER CODRINGTON, ESQ., M.D., F.B.A., Librarian, in
the Chair.
Frederick W. Lincoln, Esq., Juru, the Rev. Robert Scott
My hie, M.A., B.C.L., F.S.A., and the Rev. Jeremiah Zimmer-
man, D.D., were elected Members.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table :—
1. Monatsblatt der Numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien.
No. 199.
2. Le Medaglie di Alessandro Volta. By S. Ambrosoli. From
the Author.
3 Les Monnaies d'Or de Tarente. By Michel P. Vlasto.
From the Author.
4. American Journal of Archscology. Vol. iii. No. 6.
Mr. F. A. Walters exhibited some groats and a half-groat of
Henry IV, in illustration of Mr. L. A. Lawrence's paper on the
coinage of that king.
Mr. W. J. Hocking exhibited specimens of the new medals
awarded for the Uganda and Soudan campaigns, and a specimen
of the Kruger sovereign of 1896.
Mr. W. C. Boyd exhibited a native imitation of a Ceylon
one-twenty-fourth rupee with blundered lettering.
Mr. L. A. Lawrence communicated a paper on the coinage
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 11
of Henry IV. He described several new types of the groat
which had been unearthed of late years, and which made it
necessary to rearrange the series of coins of Henry IV, and to
transfer to his reign some pieces which had been attributed
hitherto to his son, Henry V. As many of these coins bear the
portrait of Richard II, and are of light weight, he suggested
that the date hitherto assigned to the introduction of the light
silver standard — viz., the thirteenth year of Henry IV — must be
erroneous, and that the reduction in weight probably took place
at no very distant period after his accession. By this new
classification the last issue of Henry IV and the first of
Henry V were practically identical, but the latter's coinage
could be distinguished by being of coarser workmanship.
APRIL 26, 1900.
SIB JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., President, in the Chair.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table :—
1. Annual of the British School at Athens, 1898—1899.
2. Transactions of the Japan Society of London, 1898 —
1899.
3. American Journal of Archaeology. Vol. III. Nos. 4 — 5.
4. Bulletin de Numismatique. Jan. — Fev., 1900.
5. Bulletin de la Societe des Antiquaires de 1'Ouest. 3me
and 4me trimestres, 1899.
6. Revue Beige de Numismatique. 2me liv., 1900.
7. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London.
Vol. xvii. No. 2.
8. Rivista Italiana di Numismatica. Fasc. 4, 1900.
9. Monatsblatt der Numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien.
Nos. 200—201.
12
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
10. A Collection of Antiquities from Central Asia, by Dr.
B. Hoernle; and Hessischen Miinzen (4 vols.), by J. C. 0.
Hoffmeister. From Sir John Evans, K.C.B., the President.
11. Numismatische Kleinigkeiten. By Dr. Heinrich Willers.
From the Author.
12. Priced Sale Catalogues of the Clark and Durlacher Collec-
tions. From Major H. W. Morrisson, B.E.
The President exhibited a badge in silver of Charles I, having
on the obverse the king's bust, three-quarter face, and the
legend " Carolus Primus," and on the reverse the royal arms
engraved between C.B.
Mr. A. E. Copp exhibited a badge of the same class by
Bawlins, but with the bust of the king in profile and bearing on
the reverse a portrait of Henrietta Maria.
Mr. B. A. Hoblyn showed some copper siege-money of Kil-
kenny, struck in 1642.
Mr. Thomas Bliss exhibited some shillings of Charles I, of
the Tower mint, and of Bristol, Exeter, Worcester, and "York, of
.various types.
Mr. L. Forrer showed an unpublished one-and-a-half thaler
of Wismar, having a shield of arms on the obverse and a figure
of St. Lawrence represented in three-quarter length on the
reverse.
Mr. W. Webster showed a rose noble of Edward counter-
struck with the arms of Dantzic.
Mr. H. A. Grueber read a paper on a recent find of gold and
silver Boman coins and gold rings at Sully, near Cardiff. The
hoard consisted of seven gold coins of Diocletian and Maximian
Herculius, and of 316 silver pieces ranging in date from A.D.
180 to A.D. 267 (Marcus Aurelius to Postumus), with the excep-
tion of a denarius of Carausius. The most interesting amongst
the gold coins was a double-aureus of Diocletian issued in A.D.
303 on the occasion of the triumph held at Borne which cele-
brated the brilliant achievements that had happened during his
reign. It has on the reverse Victory offering a globe to the
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 13
emperor, who is shown in his favourite personification of Jupiter.
The only piece of special interest amongst the silver coins was
the denarius of Carausius commemorating his arrival in Britain
in A.D. 286, and with the remarkable legend " Expectate veni,"
and showing a female figure holding a standard and greeting the
emperor. This coin Mr. Grueber attributed to Rutupiae (Rich-
borough), at which port Carausius made his landing. The rings
were of the usual forms of Roman rings of the end of the third
century, having the hoops angular in shape, and having bezels
with engraved or unengraved stones, or of the same material as
the rest of the ring. This paper is printed in Vol. xx, p. 27.
MAY 17, 1900.
SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., President, in the Chair.
Stephen W. Bushell, Esq., M.D., C.M.G., Signor Giovanni
Dattari, and George L. Shackles, Esq., were elected Members.
The following presents were announced and laid upon the
table :—
1. Bulletin historique de la Societe des Antiquaires de la
Morinie. Liv. 193.
2. Aarboger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie. Bind
xiv. Heft 4.
3. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Vol. v.
No. 4.
4. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.
Vol. x. Part I.
5. Archseologia Aeliana. Vol. xxii. Part I.
6. Petit Gros d'Arnould III, Seigneur de Randirath. By the
Vicomte B. de Jonghe. From the Author.
Mr. W. Gowland exhibited a counterfeit in zinc of a Japanese
silver coin stamped in many places with the names of the
provinces of Sikishi and Twami. When in currency this coin
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
was cut in pieces for small change, each piece bearing a stamp of
the province as a guarantee of its fineness. The current values
of these pieces were determined by weight. Mr. Gowland also
exhibited a pair of Japanese scales for weighing coins, and a
touchstone.
Mr. W. C. Boyd showed a tin coin of Aracan, which came
from Tenasserim.
Mr. Gr. E. Pritchard exhibited some seventeenth and eight-
eenth century tokens of Bristol.
Mr. F. A Walters exhibited a Calais groat of Henry VI,
having the obverse of the pine-cone coinage and the reverse of
the annulet coinage, two issues which were not consecutive.
Lord Grantley read a paper on a unique and unpublished
penny of Heahberht, who was joint ruler in Kent with Ecgberht
and signed charters with him in A.D. 764 and 765. The obverse
was of the same type as the coins of Ecgberht, but the reverse
type was practically copied from a coin of Offa, and it bore the
moneyer's name, " Eoba," who also engraved dies for Offa's
queen, Cynethryth, and his successor Coenwulf. This paper is
printed in Vol. xx., p. 148.
Sir Henry H. Howorth communicated a paper on Ecgberht,
King of Wessex, and his coinage. After criticising the early
history of Ecgberht as given in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the
writer claimed for him, not a West-Saxon origin, but that he
was a Kentish prince belonging to the house of Kent ; that he
was the same Ecgberht who struck coins as King of Kent in
the eighth century ; that he was probably the " Count Egbert "
who lived at Charlemagne's court and was appointed by him
dux over a part of the Danish March ; and, lastly, that his
coinage as King of Wessex did not begin till about the year
825, when he first conquered Kent. This paper is printed in
Vol. xx., p. 66.
The President exhibited a series of pennies of Eadberht II,
Praen, and Cuthred of Kent, and of Ecgberht as King of
Wessex, in illustration of Sir H. Howorth's paper.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 15
JUNE 21, 1900.
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.
SIB JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D., F.R.S.,
F.S.A., F.G.S., President, in the Chair.
The Minutes of the last Annual General Meeting were read
and confirmed.
The Report of the Council was then read to the Society as
follows : —
GENTLEMEN, — The Council again have the honour to lay
before you their Annual Report as to the state of the Numis-
matic Society.
With great regret they have to announce the death of the
following six Ordinary Members : —
Laurence Trent Cave, Esq.
Sir Henry Dryden, Bart.
Francis Latchmore, Esq.
Samuel Powell, Esq.
M. Raymond Serrure.
The Rev. William Wright, D.D.
And of one Honorary Member : —
M. J. P. Six.
Also the resignation of the following two Ordinary Mem-
bers : —
John W. Dorman, Esq., M.A.
Francis W. Pixley, Esq., F.S.A.
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
On the other hand, the Council have much pleasure in
recording the election of the following thirteen Ordinary
Members : —
Stephen W. Bushell, Esq., M.D., C.M.G.
Charles J. P. Cave, Esq.
Reuben Cull, Esq.
Signor Giovanni Dattari.
William Gowland, Esq., F.S.A.
Lionel M. Hewlett, Esq.
H. Neville S. Langton, Esq.
Charles Bennet Lawes, Esq.
Frederick W. Lincoln, Esq., Jun.
The Rev. Robert Scott Mylne, M.A., B.C.L., F.S.A.
George L. Shackles, Esq.
Francis Bertram Welch, Esq.
The Rev. Jeremiah Zimmerman, D.D.
And of the following three Honorary Members : —
M. Edmond Drouin.
Prof. Dr. Ettore Gabrici.
Prof. Dr. Behrendt Pick.
According to the Report of the Hon. Secretaries, the numbers
of the Members are as follows : —
Ordinary. Honorary. Total
June, 1899 271 21 292
Since elected 13 3 16
Deceased
284
6
24
1
308
7
Resigned ....
.... 2
2
June, 1900 276 23 299
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 17
The Council have further to announce that they have unani-
mously awarded the Medal of the Society to Prof. Stanley
Lane-Poole, of Trinity College, Dublin, in recognition of his
numerous and valuable services to Oriental numismatics,
especially in connexion with the Muhammadan coinages.
The Hon. Treasurer's Report, which follows, was submitted to
the Meeting and adopted.
Statement of Receipts and Disbursements of the
Dr. THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY OF LONDON IN
£ s. d. £ s. d.
To Messrs. Virtue & Co., for printing Chronicles —
Part II, 1899 . . . . 58 10 0
Part IV, ,, . . ,
47 4 0
i KI
Q
,, ,, for printing Rules
.
LO L
4
16
3
,, ,, ,, Stationery ....
.
6
5
0
The Autotype Company, for Plates . . .
17 17 5
» » »
506
„ „ „ ...
13 16 0
» » » ...
13 16 0
„ ,, ,,
18 9 6
» »> » ...
940
78
5
The Royal Asiatic Society, one year's rent due June
24, 1900 .
I O
30
0
0
Mrs. Harper, for Attendance, Tea, Coffee, &c.
.
11
8
10
Messrs. H. Bowyer & Co., for Bookbinding
.
2
12
9
6
10
0
Messrs. Hachette, for ' ' Dictionnaire des Antiquites
"
0
3
9
Messrs. Walker & Boutall, for Drawing and Engraving .
1
15
0
Messrs. Hatton & Son, for Stationery
0
19
o
Messrs. Sampson and Bownas for Mahogany Sheraton Bookcase
10
0
0
9
19
6
Mr. J. Pinches, for Engraving ....
.
0
4
0
Mr. C. J. Praetorius, for Drawings of three Roman
Rings
1
10
0
Fire Insurance
.
0
15
0
Secretaries, for Postages
.
5
0
0
Treasurer, for Postages, Receipts, and Cheque Book
.
7
13
2
Collector (Mr. A. W. Hunt), for Commission and Postages
9
2
11
By Balance in hand
•
243
18
3
£581
19
4
Examined with the Vouchers, compared as to additions, and found correct,
A. PREVOST ) ,
W> July, J900. THOS. BLISS I Audltors-
Numismatic Society, from June, 1899, to June, 1900.
ACCOUNT WITH ALFRED EVELYN COPP, HON. TREASURER. Or.
£ s. d.
By Balance from last Statement 228 10 9
„ Entrance Fees . 13 13 0
„ Subscriptions . 247 16 0
„ Amount received for Chronicles, viz. —
Mr. B. Quaritch
Mr. Thos. Bliss
,, Foreign Postages
,, August Dividend on £700 London and North-
Western Railway 4 % Consolidated Preference
Stock (less 9s. 4d. tax) 13 10 8
„ February ditto ditto ditto . . 13 10 8
,, Return by Inland Revenue of Three Years' Deduc-
tions for Tax 7 . 2 16 0
29 17 4
£581 19 4
ALFRED E. COPP,
HONORAEY TREASURER.
list June, 1900.
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
After the Report of the Council had been read and approved,
the President presented the Society's medal to Mr. Rapson to
forward to Professor Lane-Poole, who was unable to attend
the Meeting and addressed him as follows : —
Mr. Rapson, —
In handing this medal to you for transmission to Professor
Stanley Lane-Poole, I must request you to convey to him the
expression of our regret at his absence from among us to-day.
That regret is, however, tempered by the reason for his absence,
which is that he is detained in Dublin in order that he may
receive at Trinity College the degree of Litterarum Doctor, an
honour that has been accorded to him on much the same grounds
as those on which our medal has been awarded to him by the
Council of this Society.
The names of Lane and Poole have long been connected
with numismatic and Oriental studies, but there is probably no
man living who has done more than the recipient of this medal
to forward our knowledge of Oriental numismatics, and
especially of the Muhammadan coinage, which extends over so
wide a field. His Catalogue of the Oriental Coins in the
British Museum occupies no less than ten volumes, while that
of the Indian coins in the same collection occupies three. In
addition to these volumes, he has published catalogues of Arabic
Glass Weights, of the Guthrie Collection, of the Muhammadan
coins in the Bodleian Library, and of the Arabic coins in the
Khedivial Library at Cairo. His other works, which are of great
value, mainly relate to Oriental Numismatics, as do his numer-
ous contributions to the Journal of the lloyal Asiatic Society.
His papers in the Numismatic Chronicle, extending over
many years, must be known to many of those present, and by
themselves alone are a monument of industry and ability which
would deserve recognition on our part. Among these, the
Fasti Arabici, of which five instalments have appeared in our
pages, and of which more, I believe, is in preparation, and his
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 21
various dynastic and chronological tables, are perhaps of the
greatest historical importance, and certainly are of the most
valuable assistance to students.
In .giving him this medal you will assure him of our gratitude
for past services to our science, and of our hopes that he may
long be spared to continue his researches.
Mr. Rapson, having thanked the Council on behalf of Professor
Lane-Poole for having conferred on him the medal of the
Society for 1900, remarked, '* Personally, I am sure, we all
regret his inability to be present this evening ; but, as numis-
matists, I think we can scarcely help feeling some pride in the
thought that his absence is due to the honour which the Uni-
versity of Dublin has to-day conferred on him and, through
him, on our science. Before I read the letter of thanks which
Professor Lane-Poole addressed to me on learning that the
Society's medal had been awarded to him, I am sure, sir, that
he would wish me to say how greatly this distinction is en-
hanced by your very kind and appreciative review of his
numismatic work." Mr. Rapson then read the following letter
from Professor Lane-Poole.
" Trinity College, Dublin.
21st May, 1900.
" Dear Rapson, — Will you kindly express to the President
and Council of the Numismatic Society my sense of the high
honour they have done me in awarding me the medal of the
Society ? I wish I could come over on the 21st June and thank
them in person, but, unfortunately, I have to be here at that
date to receive the degree of Litterarum Doctor, which the
University of Dublin has conferred upon me — not honoris causa
— but for those very numismatic works (among others) which
the Society has honoured by the medal.
" I shall always feel grateful to the Society for having given
me my first opportunities for publishing my early (and, I fear,
crude) beginnings of numismatic research, now more than a
22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
quarter of a century ago. I have not given up my interest in
Oriental coins. Whatever is to be seen here in that branch
always comes under my eyes ; I am in constant correspondence
with collectors and students in various countries ; and the aim
of my life is now to finish the corpus of Arabic coins, or Fasti
Ardbici, at which I have been at work at every spare moment
for the past fifteen years.
"I mention this merely to show the Society that * age has
not dimmed, nor custom staled,' my interest in my favourite
branch of research, and I hope that future work may prove that
the medal may be an incentive as well as a reward.
"I am, dear Rapson,
" Yours very truly,
" STANLEY LANE-POOLE.
" E. J. Rapson, Esq., M.A."
The President then delivered his Annual Address, which was
as follows : —
It is again my pleasing duty to offer to the Numismatic
Society an Anniversary Address, and in doing so I would begin
by thanking for their presence and support the numerous
members who honoured me with their company last June at
my Jubilee celebration in the apartments of the Society of
Antiquaries at Burlington House, which were kindly lent for
the occasion. My family and I much enjoyed the pleasure of
their company, and I venture to hope that the pleasure was
reciprocal.
I am glad to say that the condition of the Society at the end
of another year is still prosperous, both as regards numbers and
finances. As you have heard from the Report of the Council,
our numbers exceed by five those of the corresponding period
last year, while the Treasurer's account shows that our balance
in hand is rather in excess of what it was at the corresponding
period of last year.
Our medal has this year been awarded to Professor Stanley
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 23
Lane-Poole, in recognition of the services that he has rendered
to Oriental numismatics, especially in connection with the
Muhammadan coinage ; and the award will, I am sure, give
much, satisfaction to all those in the dominions of the Empress
of India who are interested in its history and coinage.
Our losses by death have, I am pleased to say, been below
rather than above the average.
M. Jan Pieter Six, of Amsterdam, had been an Honorary
Member of our Society since 1865, and was one of the most
distinguished numismatists of the present century. His know-
ledge of coins, especially those belonging to the Greek series,
was singularly wide and accurate, and not even the minutest
details escaped his notice. A student of history, he was always
on the alert for any assistance that coins could either give his
studies or, on the other hand, receive from them. He was
even at times a little over-bold in his speculations ; but if these
led to discussion by others, there was no one more ready than
M. Six to accept an amendment of his views, his sole object
being the discovery of truth. His communications to the
Numismatic Chronicle were numerous and important. The
first of these, dated December, 1864, was in the form of a
letter to Mr. Reginald Stuart Poole, and related to the coins of
the Ptolemies. The letter and the reply did much towards the
elucidation of the sequence of this Egyptian series.
His subsequent communications to the Chronicle have been
some fifteen in number, and many of them of great importance,
and though in his early days he had devoted much attention to
Roman coins, they relate almost exclusively to the Greek
series. It would be a needless, and perhaps tedious, task to
recount the subjects of these papers ; but those on Lycceios,
a dynast of the Paeonians — on the coins of the satraps of Caria
and of Mazaios — on Aphrodite-Nemesis — on Phoenician legends
— and the more recent papers on rare and inedited Greek
coins — may be mentioned as illustrating the wide field that his
researches embraced.
24 PROCEEDTNGS OF THE
His great works on the classification of the Cypriote series
and on Lycian coins found a place in the Revue Numismatique,
and he also contributed important papers to the Zeitschrift fur
Numismatik and to the Annuaire de Numismatique. In 1890
he was awarded the medal of this Society, and rarely has that
medal been bestowed on a more worthy recipient.
M. Six was not- only a numismatist, but in his younger days
devoted himself earnestly to philology. His collection of
editions of Plautus and of books connected with that author he
presented to the University of Utrecht. He took a warm
interest in the antiquities of the Low Countries, and was one
of the founders, if not indeed the originator, of the Royal
Society of Antiquaries of Holland. He inherited a love for
art, being one of the direct descendants of Jan Six, the Burgo-
master of Amsterdam from 1691 to 1702, who was long the
friend and patron of Rembrandt, Lievens, and FKnck. The
portraits of Jan Six and of his mother, Ann Six, painted by
Rembrandt in 1656 and 1641, are among the gems of the
world-renowned Six Gallery, which, through the characteristic
liberality of M. J. P. Six, was always accessible to the public,
involving, as it did at times, no little personal inconvenience
to its proprietor. In him we lose a warm friend to the
Society, full of erudition and endowed with great powers of
induction, whose death causes a gap which it will be impos-
sible to fill. He was born on November 6th, 1824, and died at
his country residence of Hilversum, near Amsterdam, on
July 17th, 1899.
Since these few lines were written, a far more complete and
interesting biography of the late M. J. P. Six has appeared in
the Journal International d? Archeologie Numismatique, from the
pen of his son, M. J. Six. This memoir is accompanied by an
excellent portrait.
Sir Henry Edward Leigh Dryden, Bart., of Ambrosden,
Oxon, and of Canon's Ashby, Northants, came of an old
Northamptonshire family, which had been settled in that
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 25
county since the days of Elizabeth, and was a direct de-
scendant of John Dryden the poet. He was born on August
7th, 1818, and was well known as a diligent antiquary, who
took a warm interest in all that related to the history of his
county, and who especially concerned himself with church
architecture and musie and with the remains of the "late-
Celtic " period. He was educated at Shrewsbury and at
Trinity College, Cambridge, taking his M.A. degree in 1839.
He succeeded to the title on the death of his father, the
Rev. Sir Henry Turner Dryden, in 1837.
In 1852 he communicated to the Society of Antiquaries,
through the late Mr. C. -Roach Smith, a report on an Anglo-
Saxon -cemetery in the parish of Marston St. Lawrence, which
was followed by a supplementary paper in 1882. He also made
frequent communications to the British Archa3ological Asso-
ciation, the Royal Archa3ological Institute, the Northampton
Architectural Society, and other bodies.
For his work among the Scottish brochs and his accounts of
the church of St. Magnus, Kirkwall, Orkney, he was made an
honorary member of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in
1865. Perhaps his most important paper, from the English
point of view, was that on Hunsbury or Danes Camp, near
Northampton, communicated to the local Society in 1885.
The remains there discovered comprise a large number of im-
portant relics of the " late-Celtic period," which are now for the
most part deposited in the Northampton Museum. Sir Henry
became a Member of the Numismatic Society in 1861, but never
communicated any article to the Chronicle. He died on the
24th July, 1899, not from old age, but from the results of a
slight and almost unnoticed accident, which led to blood-
poisoning.
The Rev. William Wright, D.D., was elected a Member of this
Society in 1883, but did not contribute to our journal. He was,
however, an active member of the Society of Biblical Archasology
and of the Palestine Exploration Fund. He was a man of wide
d
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
sympathies, who took a warm interest both in archaeology and
numismatics, especially from the biblical point of view. He was
born in Rathfriland, County Down, on July 15th, 1837, and
was educated at Queen's College, Belfast, and at Geneva.
Originally intended for the Civil Service, he as a young man
joined the Presbyterian ministry, and for ten years was actively
associated with the Jewish Mission at Damascus. It was there
that in the main he acquired his linguistic and archaeological
knowledge, and his important work on the Empire of the
Hittites, which embodied the results of many of his researches,
obtained for him in 1882 the degree of D.D. from the University
of Glasgow. In the meantime, in 1876 he succeeded Canon
Girdlestone as Editorial Superintendent of the British and
Foreign Bible Society, where his labours were unremitting.
His aid to the translators of the Revised New Testament was
recognized as of the highest value ; and besides other work, he
was a not infrequent contributor to the Pall Mall Gazette, the
Contemporary Review, and several religious periodicals. Among
his other works may be mentioned a volume on the Brontes in
Ireland, and one upon Palmyra and Zenobia. He died of heart
disease on July 31st, 1899.
Mr. Samuel Powell, of Ivy House, Welshpool, was one of
our country Members who from geographical reasons are but
rarely able to be present at our meetings. He was, however, a
diligent collector of coins, and took a warm interest in the
Society, into which he was elected in 1881. He belonged to an
old Montgomeryshire family, and took for many years an active
part in public affairs, both as a Justice of the Peace for his
county and as concerned in the administration of the Poor
Law. He died at Ivy House on the 15th of February last, in
the 83rd year of his age.
In Mr. Francis Latchmore, of Hitchin, we have lost an
energetic collector not only of coins, but of antiquities both
historic and pre-historic. Though actively engaged in a retail
business that required close attention, he found time to devote
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 27
himself to his favourite pursuits, and became a centre towards
which any objects of antiquity discovered within a radius of many
miles naturally gravitated. He was elected a Member of this
Society in 1881, and in 1889 communicated to us a short
account of a hoard of upwards of 2,300 Roman billon and small
brass coins extending from the reign of Gordian III to that of
Aurelian, found near Cambridge. Again, in 1897, he gave us a
note on some Saxon coins found near Hitchin entangled in the
roots of an elm-tree that had been blown down. These were
of Burgred and Aethelred I ; but he at the same time recorded
the discovery of some sceattas and of coins of Offa and Alfred.
He fell a victim to a rapid consumption, and died on July 17th,
1899, aged 59 years.
Monsieur Raymond Serrure, of Paris, who died rather
suddenly on the 16th of September, 1899, had been a Member
of this Society since the year 1891. He attained considerable
distinction as a numismatist, especially in connection with the
history of the mediaeval mints of France, Belgium, and Holland,
and is perhaps best known for his important work on the
numismatics of France, written in conjunction with M. Arthur
Engel. Born at Ghent on Christmas Day, 1862, he was the son
of M. Constant Antoine Serrure and grandson of M. Constant
Philippe Serrure, professor of history in the University of
Ghent, of which at one time he was rector. Both his father and
grandfather were well known as lovers of coins, and his grand-
father was one of the founders of the Revue Beige de Numis-
matique. No wonder, then, that the taste for numismatics was
inherited ; and at the age of seventeen young Raymond Serrure
began communicating miscellanea to the Revue. In 1880 he
published a geographical dictionary of the monetary history of
Belgium, and in 1881 he started the Bulletin Mensuel de
Numismatique et d1 Archeologie. This, which had been published
at Brussels, was succeeded in 1891 by the Bulletin de Num.is-
mattque, published at Paris. In 1897 he became editor of the
Gazette Numismatique Franchise, to the Third Part of which for
28
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
1899 I am indebted for these particulars. The same periodical
contains a list of no less than a hundred and fifty-six articles
and separate works of which he was the author, or occasionally
the joint author. His death, at an age below 37, has cut short
a most promising career. Those who were brought in contactwith
him in business relations can bear testimony to the uprightness
of his character and to his quickness of perception. Personally
I much regret his loss, and not the less so because I had in old
times the pleasure of being acquainted with both his father and
grandfather before him.
It is with deep regret that I have to record the decease of
Professor Adolf Holm, who, though not an Honorary Member
of our Society, deserved well of numismatic science. He was
one of those few historians who accept the testimony of coins
at its proper value in relation to history. His Griechische
Geschichte has been translated into the English language, and
occupies a deservedly high position, while his History of Sicily
and its coins down to the time of Augustus formed the subject
of an appreciative review by my son, Mr. Arthur Evans, in the
Chronicle two years ago, and was cited by me as one of the
most valuable numismatic works of the year in my Anni-
versary Address for 1898.
He died after a long illness at Freiburg im Breisgau, on
June 9th of the present year, in the seventieth year of his age.
Turning now to the subjects that have been brought under
our consideration during the past year, I find that, apart from
numerous and important exhibitions of rare and interesting
coins and medals, the memoirs that have been read at our
meetings extend, as usual, over a very wide field.
Those relating to the Greek coinages occupy the first place,
at all events chronologically, if not indeed otherwise.
Sir Hermann Weber, in a paper on Finds of Archaic Greek
Coins in Lower Egypt, has described between thirty and forty
coins from a hoard discovered at Sakha, of which a somewhat
larger number of coins seem to have been dispersed. They
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
29
consist in the main of early issues from the mints of Dicaea in
Thrace, Lete, Neapolis of Macedon, Aegina, Corinth, Naxus,
Paros, Mytilene in Lesbos, Chios, Cyrene, and some uncertain
localities. Particulars of another portion of the hoard, of which
Sir Hermann gives only a summary account, will be published
in the Zeitschri/t fur Numismatik. There is a curious general
similarity between the Sakha hoard and that from Lower
Egypt described by Canon Greenwell in the Chronicle ten
years ago, and it seems very remarkable that so many archaic
Greek silver coins should be found so far away from their
original homes. The reason, however, assigned for this cir-
cumstance, suggested by Mr. Dutilh, of Alexandria, and
adopted by the author, seems to be the true one. They
were imported into Egypt merely as bullion ; moreover, the
bulk of them belong to a period two hundred years before the
existence of any indigenous coinage in Egypt.
Mr. Warwick Wroth has continued his laudable custom of
annually bringing before us a notice of the Greek coins
acquired by the British Museum during the preceding year. In
1899 these have been considerably fewer in number than in
any of the previous four or five years, but among the acquisi-
tions are several noteworthy coins. First on his list is a very
rare but uncertain silver coin of Etruria, possibly of Pisae.
It bears as type a singularly-formed sepia, composed of a
central amphora, with helmets on either side and numerous
tentacles. The reverse is plain, and the only letters upon
the obverse are XX, indicative of value. It was bought many
years ago at Portsmouth, by the late Mr. Vaux, for the sum
of twopence, it having been at the time regarded as a copper
coin. Among the gold coins acquired is a stater of Antigonus,
with the types of Alexander the Great, but the Nike on the
reverse holds an acrostolium instead of a palm, possibly in
commemoration of the naval victory off Salamis in B.C. 306.
A silver didrachm of Aptera in Crete, with the head of Artemis,
and a tetradrachrn of Lampsacus, with the head of a bearded
30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Priapus, are worthy of notice; as are also the rare tetradrachms
of Demetrius II, of Cleopatra and Antiochus VIII of Syria,
and that of Ptolemy I of Egypt, with the types usually found
on the coins bearing the name of Alexander. There are, of
course, many other important coins on the list, and the early
notices that we have received of them have added much to the
utility of the National Collection.
Mr. George Macdonald, the author of the revised catalogue
of the Hunter Collection at Glasgow, has contributed a valuable
paper on the amphora letters on coins of Athens. In it he
shows that the N which occurs on some of the amphorae is
not due to an engraver's error, but is intentionally placed
there. The number of the letters on the amphorae being in
excess of twelve, they cannot refer to the prytanies or tribes,
but in all probability are indicative of months, which did not in
all cases correspond with the duration of the prytanies. But
the difficulties which have met Beule and others in connecting
the magistrates' names with the dates seem to have arisen
from the fact that in the second century B.C. a double system
of time-reckoning was in vogue at Athens, one secular and
the other religious or Kara. 6i6v. It is impossible here to
discuss the points adduced, but the amount of accurate work
bestowed upon the paper, and the number of coins in different
cabinets that have been consulted, justify full confidence being
placed in Mr. Macdonald's conclusions and in his rectification
of the somewhat numerous errors into which M. Beule has
fallen.
Mr. Seltman's paper on " Nummi serrati and astral coin
types " is also one that it is difficult to discuss in a few words.
The existence of astronomical and possibly solar types upon coins
can hardly be doubted, but the extension of astral radiation to
the serrated edge of the coin itself is more susceptible of
question, and the author seems inclined to regard the serration
both of silver and copper coins as a preservative against the
flans cracking under the blow of the dies. Even if this were the
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 31
cause of the peculiarity, there still remains something to be said
in favour of the old view that in the Roman denarii the cut
edge was intended to show that the coin was of solid silver and
not plated. The old Germans had probably some ground for
preferring the " bigatos serratosque " to ordinary coins.
Mr. Hill, in a paper on " Olba, Cennatis, Lalassis," has pointed
out the intimate connection of the numismatic history of these
three localities, the high-priest and dynast of the sanctuary
of Zeus Olbius being also toparch of the districts of Cennatis
and Lalassis, as appears on some of the coins of King Polemo.
The name of Ajax the son of Teucer does not carry us back to
the time of the Trojan war, but only to the days of Augustus ;
and Strabo states that most of the high-priests of Olba bore
the names of Ajax and Teucer. The Polemos were, it seems,
direct descendants of Mark Antony. The paper is of geographi-
cal as well as of numismatic interest, and will have to be
consulted by all those who study the topography and history
of Cilicia. Mr. Hill has also given us a notice of a hoard of
Cyrenaic bronze coins conglomerated into a mass weighing
upwards of 18 Ibs., and has continued his valuable and inter-
esting bibliographical notes on Greek numismatics.
We have had four papers relating to Roman numismatics.
Mr. H. A. Grueber, one of our Honorary Secretaries, has fur-
nished us with a detailed and interesting account of a hoard of
Roman gold and silver coins and gold rings, lately found at Sully,
near Cardiff. The silver coins with one exception range between
the days of Marcus AureliusandPostumus,andare 316 in number.
The gold coins, seven in number, belong,however,to a later period,
being all of Diocletian or Maximian Herculius, one of them being
a double aureus of a type hitherto unpublished. The author
accounts for the gap of some twenty years between the two
series of silver and gold coins by assigning to the depositor of
the hoard the not unnatural desire to lay by coins of fairly good
silver instead of the washed copper coinage which had replaced
the Denarii of earlier times. The presence of the exceptional
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
coin that has been mentioned tends to support this view, it
being of good silver and struck under Carausius. This coin is
in fine condition and of the interesting EXPECTATE YENI
type. Mr. Grueber suggests that the figure welcoming the
emperor is not, as commonly described, that of Britain, but
rather of Fides Militum. The object she holds is a vexillum,
and not a trident, and the two figures closely accord with those
on one of the silver coins of Carausius with the legend,
FIDE. MI. AV. in my own collection.
The interpretation of the exergual letters R S R has long been
a puzzle to numismatists. They occur on the great majority of
the silver coins of Carausius, but also on a certain number of his
copper coins. These, however, are in the main of the same types
as those in silver, so that it is possible that they were originally
plated. The letters have usually been regarded as in some
manner denoting the place of mintage, which was in all proba-
bility Rutupiae. or Richborough, and Mr. Grueber suggests
Rutupiae Stativa, or Static Romana, as their extended form.
I am tempted to hazard another interpretation. Mr. Grueber
has pointed out that the issue of these coins of comparatively
fine silver was an absolute anomaly, as in no other part of the
Roman Empire were coins of the same standard of metal or
denomination — that of the old Roman denarius — at that time
struck. It is probable, therefore, that the coins of this new issue
had some distinctive name or designation. Now, perhaps the most
common of all the types of these denarii is the wolf and twins,
with the legend in various more or less contracted or inverted
forms, ROMANORVM RENOVATIO. Can this be held to refer
to the renewal of the old Roman coinage ; and if so, was the new
denarius by any chance known as the Romanus ? In the
twelfth century we find certain gold coins known as Romanati,
and if eight centuries earlier a similar habit of thought pre-
vailed, the letters R.S.R. may signify (nummus) Romanus
Signatus Rutupiis. This conjecture must be taken for what
it is worth, but all who study Mr. Grueber's paper will feel
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 33
that he has added much value to an interesting hoard of coins
by the manner in which he has treated it.
When speaking of possible and actual names of Roman coins,
I may mention a derivation of the word traffic, propounded in
the Athenawri by Prof. Eirikr Magnusson. He shows that
the current name for the Roman quinarius, or rather vic-
toriatus, among the Greeks was T^OTTOU/COV, so called on account
of the trophy on the reverse. Among the Jews the name
assumed the form of traffic, plural traffikim, and other slightly
varying forms, and the coin traffic is frequently mentioned in
the Talmud. To connect the coin with commerce, it is sug-
gested that the early Italian trafficare meant to transact money
business with the Jews, and that the more extended modern
sense of trafficking was developed by a perfectly natural pro-
cess of evolution. Without at once accepting this etymology,
I must confess that it appears at least as possible as that which
derives traffic from the unknown word trans-vicare.
But to return to our own proceedings. Mr. Haverfield has
favoured us with an account of a hoard of base denarii, found
at Carhayes, in Cornwall, about thirty years ago. They are
about 2,100 in number, extending over about thirty years, from
the time of Valerian to that of Probus, the reigns most fully
represented being those of Gallienus and the usurpers in Gaul,
Victorinus and his successors. In character this hoard closely
resembles many others that have been found in Gaul and
in Britain, and seems to be significant of troublous times when
it was consigned to the earth.
A paper by M. Jules Maurice, on the chronological classifi-
cation of the issues from the mint of Antioch during the
Constantino period, embraces the history of no less than eleven
separate coinages at that 'mint. It is of great value, as affording
a guide to the arrangement of the numerous coins struck at
Antioch under the emperors and Caesars and their wives from
1 April 7, 1900.
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
the time of Constantius I in A.D. 306 to the death of Crispus
and Fausta in A.D. 326, while it also throws light on the
emissions of other mints during that period.
In a posthumous paper the late Mr. C. J. Rodgers has given
us a notice of a hoard of Roman denarii of the Republic and
the early emperors down to Hadrian, found in the Panjab.
Before proceeding to the consideration of the other branches
of numismatics, I may be allowed to say a few words with
regard to a subject of rather wide interest.
At our last anniversary meeting I mentioned the two
exhaustive memoirs that had been on different occasions brought
before us by Mr. Talfourd Ely and Mr. Seltman, with regard to
the fresco in the Casa dei Vettii at Pompeii, which was
thought to represent the process of coining. I was not at that
time aware of a communication made to the French Numis-
matic Society, in February, 1899, by M. Adrien Blanchet, in
which he refers to a short note of his in the Revue Numis-
matigue,2 and re-states his opinion that it is not a mint but a
silversmith's workshop that is depicted. He cites a curious
brass tessera in the Museum at Vienna, on which a Roman
moneyer is represented at work ; and again, in December last,
brings forward a bas-relief in the Naples Museum showing
silversmiths at work. In the meantime, in September last, a
correspondence is published in the Journal International d'Arche-
ologie Numismatique? between Messrs. Svoronos and Seltman,
the former advocating the view of a Greek mint and the
latter that of a Roman. There is, moreover, Signer A. Sogliano's
article on la Casa dei Yettii in the Monumenti Anticldf in which
he regards the subject of the picture as undoubtedly a scene in
a silversmith's shop, the seated figure or Psyche being the
buyer, and the Cupid in front of her with the pair of scales
being the seller. But why do I dwell on this subject, which
during the past year has not been immediately brought under
2 1896, p. 360. 3 1899, p. 251. * Vol. VIII., 1898.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 35
the notice of the Society ? It is because, during the time that
I have been a truant from my duties as your President, I have
had an opportunity of again visiting Pompeii and forming a
personal acquaintance with the Casa dei Vettii. I went there
fully hoping to recognize as correct the view that a Roman
mint was before me, and I came away compelled to put up
with the more ordinary representation of a silversmith's shop
in its stead. The picture is one of a series representing various
trades and occupations, and doubts naturally arose whether a
purely governmental establishment such as a mint could
properly have a place among them. In the scene of the
apothecary's shop we have the same Amorino with the sledge-
hammer, the same seated Psyche? The fuller's shop, the wine
shop, the vintage, and other scenes are all those of ordinary
life, and the silversmith's shop would far more naturally find a
place among them than a mint, the nearest example of which
was probably at Rome, more than 160 miles away. But how
about Juno Moneta, with the eyes from the peacock's tail on
her wings ? Here again I was disillusionized. The eyes are
by no means distinct in the picture under discussion, but are
remarkably clear in the picture of three " Psyches " gathering
flowers, in which arises no question of a Juno being present. I
regret that I have thus to take the part of a Balaam, but I have
pleasure in presenting some photographs of scenes in the Casa
dei Vettii to the Society.
Returning to our papers, we have but little to record with
regard to the coinage of the ancient Britons. A short note of
mine, relating to a small bronze coin of Verulam found on the
sea-shore at Ostend, has, however, been printed.
We have had some interesting communications on the Anglo-
Saxon and English series.
Lord Grantley has called our attention to an unpublished coin
of Heahberht, King of Kent, struck by the ruoneyer EOBA.
This king signed and confirmed charters of Ecgberht, King of
Kent, between A.D. 765 and 791 ; but the coin probably belongs
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
to the close of his reign, as the moneyer coined not only for
Offa and Cynethryth, but for Coenwulf. In one of the charters
the style of King of half of Kent is used, and this joint kingship
may prove to be an important factor in Kentish numismatics.
The resemblance of the obverse of Lord Grantley's coin to that
of the penny of Ecgberht of Kent has to be noticed in taking
the paper next to be mentioned into consideration. In this
paper Sir Henry H. Howorth discusses Ecgberht, King of the
West Saxons and the Kent Men, and his coins, and raises
gome interesting historical and numismatic questions. He
considers that Ecgberht was not a West Saxon at all, but
a Kentish prince ; that he was the same Ecgberht who struck
coins as King of Kent at the end of the eighth century ; that he
was probably the Count Egbert who was one of Charlemagne's
paladins; that about A.D. 825 he again struck coins in Kent
alone ; and that the coinage of Wessex proper did not commence
until after his death. The peculiar coins of Ecgberht with the
monogram & in the centre have been regarded as struck by a
King of Kent unknown to history, though his moneyers prove
him to have been a contemporary of Offa, King of Mercia. One
of them also, Babba, was a moneyer of Eadberht Praen, A.D.
796 to 798. Sir Henry Howorth comments on the inaccuracies
and discrepancy of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, but that
document records the fact the Ecgberht was driven out of this
country into France before he became king, possibly for the
second time. That an Egbert, between A.D. 796 and 815, and
especially in 809 and oil, was one of Charlemagne's counts
appears to be matter of history, and in 815 an Ecgberht re-
appears in England as conquering the West Welsh and the men
of Cornwall. This, however, was as King of Wessex. What
Sir Henry contends for, is that none of Ecgberht's coins were
struck for that kingdom until after his conquest of Kent ;
and this view is supported by the fact that, as has been pointed
out by Messrs. Grueber and Keary, most of his coins were
struck by well-known Kentish moneyers. It would be a hope-
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 37
less task to attempt to resume the whole argument in a few
sentences, but there can be no doubt that the views brought
forward are worthy of the most thoughtful consideration. It
would, I think, clear the way for this consideration if it were at
once recognized that there may have been two Kings of Kent of
the name of Ecgberht, as there were of the name of Eadberht.
The Ecgberht of Kent who signed charters in A.D. 765 can
hardly be the same person as the Ecgberht of Wessex who,
after an interval of more than seventy years, signs charters in
A.D. 888, and whose death is by some authorities placed in
A.D. 839.
The most extensive and detailed communication that we have
received for many years on any section of the English series is
that by Mr. W. J. Andrew on the coinage of Henry I. So
important has this paper appeared to the Council to be, that it
has been determined to devote the volume of the Numismatic
Chronicle for 1901 almost entirely to its publication ; and it
will, in fact, inaugurate the beginning of the fourth series of that
periodical. It has been found convenient that the publications
for the years 1900 and 1901 should in each case be spread
over the two years, so that Members will during the current
year receive part of the Chronicle for 1901, while the com-
pletion of the Chronicle for 1900 will not be in their hands
before the middle of 1901. It would have been a misfor-
tune if one portion of this valuable monograph should have
appeared in the last volume of one series and the concluding
portion in the first volume of another. I shall not at the
present time attempt to detain you with any analysis of its
contents.
Mr. L. A. Lawrence has called our attention to the coinage
of Henry IV, of whose groats he has discovered several new
types. One of the results of his examination of the coins is
that he would transfer some of the coins usually assigned to
Henry V from him to his father. He would also place the
reduction in the weight of the coinage of Henry IV to an earlier
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
date than his thirteenth year. I must confess that, not having
had the advantage of hearing the paper, I do not know the
manner in which the author reconciles his views with the date
of the Act of Parliament authorizing the change in weight. It
is by no means improbable that the puncheons used for pro-
ducing the head of Richard II on his dies remained in use for
those of his successor long after his death. Mr. Lawrence has
also supplied us with a note on a new variety of the half-groat
of Charles I, and Mr. Hoblyn with one on a pattern farthing or
jetton of Mary II.
In Oriental numismatics we have done but little, though a
posthumous paper of the late Mr. Charles J. Rodgers on a new
coin of Aspavarma of Bactria, in continuation of a paper of his
in the Chronicle for 1896, has appeared in our pages.
Mr. J. M. C. Johnston has also supplied us with a list of
some Mohammedan coins in his collection, which do not appear
in the catalogues either of the British Museum or of the Cabinet
des Medailles at Paris.
Taken altogether, the subjects discussed at our meetings and
the articles that have appeared in the Numismatic Chronicle
afford satisfactory evidence that our Society is not in any
degree declining in its activity.
Among the publications of the past year must be mentioned
a handbook of Greek and Roman coins from the pen of our
Foreign Secretary, Mr. G. F. Hill. It is to some extent con-
structed on a new plan, and is intended "chiefly as a guide to
put students of antiquity in the way of bringing numismatics
to bear on their difficulties," and not as a means for the
collector " to identity coins which he happens to possess."
This statement of the author must not, however, be interpreted
too literally, as the mere collector, as well as the professed
student, will find a mine of useful and interesting information
within its pages. In the first part of the book the origin, the
metals, the standards, and the officials of both the Greek and
Roman coinages are discussed, as well as the relations of the
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 39
coinage to the State. In the second part, fabric and style, the
meaning and classification of coin-types, coin -inscriptions,
and the dating of coins, form the subjects of separate chapters.
Among the appendices, those of ancient standards, Roman
mint-marks, and the Imperial families will prove of great service
both to students and collectors. Moreover, the book is illus-
trated by fifteen autotype plates, and is provided with a good
index. Among the illustrations in the text, the picture from
the House of the Vettii is reproduced, and is treated as repre-
senting a Roman mint, and the view that it is rather a gold or
silversmith's workshop is dismissed with the statement that
"jewels are not made with sledge-hammers." There is, how-
ever, no reason why gold or silver plate should not have been
drawn out by hammer and anvil. The book, as a whole, is ex-
cellent, and in reading it the only doubt that occurs to the mind
is whether it is not too scholarly and thorough to meet with
popular applause.
Another volume that undoubtedly promises to be deservedly
popular is the Handbook of the Coins of Great Britain and
Ireland in the British Museum, written by our able Secretary,
Mr. Grueber. It does not pretend to be an exhaustive treatise
upon the whole of the coins of England, Scotland, and Ireland,
but is limited to descriptions of the specimens exhibited in the
corridor of the Medal Room, which, however, are upwards of
1 ,300 in number. The most important pieces are illustrated in 64
collotype plates, and an introduction of 60 pages gives a succinct
account of the successive coinages of our monarchs from Anglo-
Saxon times onwards, the various denominations of their
coins, the places where they were minted, their standards and
types. Altogether it is a book which will prove of the utmost
service to collectors. It must not, however, be supposed that,
extensive as the series exhibited is, it by any means includes all
the rarities preserved in our National Collection. A certain
number, for instance, of what are usually regarded as pattern-
pieces are included in the show-cases, while others equally
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
important have, like the horseman -shilling of Edward VI,
been excluded for want of space. This exclusion may per-
haps account for the third issue of Edward VI, that bearing
the ostrich-head mint-mark, being limited to gold coins by the
author. A complete list of mint-marks from Edward IV to
Charles II is appended, as also a list of the mottoes, etc., on
the coins described, together with translations of them. With
regard to a probable Irish coinage of Edward VI, I see that
Mr. Grueber is unwilling to accept my views. This, however,
is not a proper occasion for discussing the question, and I can
only say that, on re-reading what I published in the Chronicle
in 1886, I see no reason for altering the opinion I then
expressed.
I am, however, afraid that I have detained the meeting too
long with this chronicle of our losses and commentary on our
achievements, and will conclude with an expression of a
sincere hope that in future years our losses may be less, while
our achievements may do even more for the advancement of
numismatic knowledge.
A vote of thanks to the President for his Address was moved
by Mr. James Cove Jones, the senior member of the Society,
and seconded by Mr. Talfourd Ely.
The President then announced to the meeting the result of
the ballot for the Council and the Officers for the ensuing year,
which was as follows : —
SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D.,
F.K.S., F.S.A., F.G.S.
Vice- Presidents.
SIR HENRY H. HOWORTH, K.C.I.E., M.P., F.B.S.,
F.S.A.
SIR HERMANN WEBER, M.D.
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.
Hon. Treasurer.
ALFRED E. COPP, ESQ.
Hon. Secretaries.
HERBERT A. GRUEBER, ESQ., F.S.A.
EDWARD J. RAPSON, ESQ., M.A., M.R.A.S.
Foreign Secretary.
GEORGE FRANCIS HILL, ESQ., M.A.
Hon. Librarian.
OLIVER CODRINGTON, ESQ., M.D., F.S.A.
Members of the Council.
THOMAS BLISS, ESQ.
W. C. BOYD, ESQ.
ARTHUR J. EVANS, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A.
LORD GRANTLEY, F.S.A.
BARCLAY VINCENT HEAD, ESQ., D.C.L., PH.D.
WILLIAM J. HOCKING, ESQ.
L. A. LAWRENCE, ESQ.
A. H. LYELL, ESQ., F.S.A.
AUGUSTUS PREVOST, ESQ., B.A., F.S.A.
SAMUEL SMITH, ESQ., JUN.
41
LIST OF MEMBERS
OP THE
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY
OF LONDON.
DECEMBEE, 1900.
LIST OF MEMBEES
OF THE
NUMISMATIC SOCIETY
OF LONDON,
DECEMBEK, 1900.
An Asterisk prefixed to a name indicates that the Member has compounded
for his annual contribution.
ELECTED
1873 *ALEX^IEFF, M. GEORGES D', Maitre de la Cour de S.M.
1'Empereur de Eussie, 40, Sergnewskaja, St. Petersburg.
1892 AMEDROZ, HENRY F., ESQ., 7, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.O.
1882 ANDREW, W. J., ESQ., Cadster House, near Whaley Bridge,
Derbyshire.
1884 ANDREWS, E. THORNTON, ESQ., 25, Castle Street, Hertford.
1888 ARNOLD, G. M., ESQ., D.L., F.S.A., Milton HaU, Gravesend,
Kent.
1900 AVEBURY, ET. HON. LORD, P.O., F.E.S., High Elms, Down,
Kent.
1882 BACKHOUSE, J. E., ESQ., The Eookery, Middleton Tyas,
E.S.O., Yorks.
1881 BAGNALL-OAKELEY, MRS., Tre Cefn, Monmouth.
1892 BAKER, F. BRAYNE, ESQ., The College, Malvern.
1898 BAKER, WM. CLINTON, ESQ., J.P., Bayfordbury, Herts.
1898 BANES, ARTHUR ALEXANDER, ESQ., The Eed House, Upton,
Essex.
1887 BASCOM, G. J., ESQ., 109, Lexington Avenue, New York,
U.S.A.
1896 BEARMAN, THOS., ESQ., Melbourne House, 8, Tudor Eoad,
Hackney.
1898 *BENSON, FRANK SHERMAN, ESQ., 214, Columbia Heights,
Brooklyn, N.Y., U.S.A.
4 LIST OF MEMBERS,
ELECTED
1880 *BIEBER, Or. W. EGMONT, ESQ., 4, Fenchurch Avenue, E.G.
1883 BIGGE, FRANCIS E., ESQ., Hennapyn, Torquay.
1882 BIRD, W. S., ESQ., 74, New Oxford Street, W.O.
1885 BLACKETT, JOHN STEPHENS, ESQ., O.E., Inverard, Aberfoyle,
N.B.
1882 BLACKMORE, H. P., ESQ., M.D., Blackmore Museum, Salis-
bury.
1896 BLEASBY, GEO. BERNARD, ESQ., The Prairie, Lahore, India.
1882 *BLISS, THOMAS, ESQ., Coningsburgh, Montpelier Eoad,
Ealing, W.
1879 BLUNDELL, J. H., ESQ., 157, Cheapside, E.G.
1896 BOULTON, S. B., ESQ., J.P., D.L., F.E.S., Copped Hall,
Totteridge, Herts.
1897 BOWCHER, FRANK, ESQ., 35, Fairfax Eoad, Bedford Park, W.
1899 BOWLES, HAROLD BOLLES, ESQ., Oakside, 35, Oakfield Eoad,
Clifton, Bristol.
1892 BOYD, WILLIAM 0., ESQ., 7, Friday Street, E.C.
1899 BOYLE, COLONEL GERALD, 48, Queen's Gate Terrace, S.W.
1877 BROWN, G. D., ESQ., 77, Mexfield Eoad, East Putney, S.W.
1885 BROWN, JOSEPH, ESQ., C.B., Q.C., 54, Avenue Eoad, Eegent's
Park, N.W.
1896 BRTJUN, M. L. E., 101, Gothersgade, Copenhagen.
1878 BUCHAN, J. S., ESQ., 17, Barrack Street, Dundee.
1889 BUCKLEY, LADY, Plas, Dinas Mawddwy, Merioneth, Wales.
1884 BUICK, DAVID, ESQ., LL.D., Sandy Bay, Lame Harbour,
Ireland.
1881 BULL, EEV. HERBERT A., Wellington House, Westgate-on-
Sea.
1897 BURN, EICHARD, ESQ., Allahabad, India.
1881 BURST AL, EDWARD K, ESQ., M.Inst.O.E., 38, Parliament
Street, Westminster.
1858 BUSH, COLONEL J. TOBIN, 41, Rue de 1'Orangerie, le Havre,
France.
1900 BUSHELL, STEPHEN W., ESQ., M.D., C.M.G., Shirley, Harold
Eoad, Upper Norwood, S.E.
1878 *BUTTERY, W., ESQ. (address not known).
1886 CALDECOTT, J. B., ESQ., Wallfields, Hertford. ;
LIST OF MEMBERS. 0
ELECTED
1873 CARFRAE, EGBERT, ESQ., F.S.A.Scot., 77, George Street,
Edinburgh.
1894 CARLYON-BRITTON, CAPT. P. W. P., D.L., J.P., F.S.A., 14,
Melbury Mansions, Kensington, W.
1898 CARNEGIE, MAJOR D. LINDSAY, 6, Playfair Terrace, St.
Andrews, N.B.
1899 CAVE, CHARLES J. P., ESQ., Binsted, Cambridge.
1886 CHURCHILL, Wm. S., ESQ., 102, Birch Lane, Manchester.
1884 *CLARK, JOSEPH, ESQ., 5, Grosvenor Gardens, Muswell Hill,
N.W.
1890 CLARKE, CAPT. J. E. PLOMER, Welton Place, near Daventry,
Northamptonshire.
1891 *CLATJSON, ALBERT CHARLES, ESQ., 12, Park Place Villas,
Maida Hill West, W.
1890 CLERK, MAJOR-GEN. M. G., Bengal Army, c/o Messrs. H. S.
King & Co., 45, Pall Mall, S.W.
1886 CODRINGTON, OLIVER, ESQ., M.D., F.S.A., M.E.A.S., 12,
Victoria Eoad, Clapham Common, Librarian.
1895 COOPER, JOHN, ESQ., Beckfoot, Longsight, Manchester.
1877 *Copp, ALFRED E., ESQ., Dampiet Lodge, 103, Worple Eoad,
West Wimbledon, and 36, Essex Street, Strand, W.C.,
Hon. Treasurer.
1874 CREEKE, MAJOR ANTHONY BUCK, Westwood, Burnley.
1886 *CROMPTON-EOBERTS, CHAS. M., ESQ., 16, Belgrave Square,
S.W.
1900 CRONIN, ALFRED C., ESQ., 25, Kensington Palace Mansions,
Be Vere Gardens, W.
1882 CROWTHER, EEV. G. F., M.A., Studland, Court Eoad, Sutton,
Surrey.
1899 CULL, EEUBEN, ESQ., Tarradale, Glebe Avenue, Enfield,
Middlesex.
1875 CUMING, H. SYER, ESQ., F.S.A.Scot., 63, Kennington Park Road,
S.E.
1884 DAMES, M. LONGWORTH, ESQ., M.E.A.S., Alegria, Enfield,
Middlesex.
1900 DATTARI, SIGNOR GIOVANNI, Cairo, Egypt.
1891 DAUGLISH, A. W., ESQ., 33, Colville Square, W.
1878 DAVIDSON, J. L. STRACHAN, ESQ., M.A., Balliol College,
Oxford.
6 LIST OF MEMBERS.
ELECTED
1884 DAVIS, WALTER, ESQ., 23, Suffolk Street, Birmingham.
1898 DAVIS, WILLIAM JOHN, ESQ., The Lindens, Trafalgar Road,
Moseley, Birmingham.
1888 DAWSON, G. J. CROSBIE, ESQ., M.Inst.C.E., F.G.S., F.S.S.,
May Place, Newcastle, Staffordshire.
1897 DAY, EGBERT, ESQ., F.S.A., M.E.I.A., Myrtle Hill House,
Cork.
1890 DEICHMANN, HERR CARL THEODOR, 9, Trankgasse, Cologne,
Germany.
1886 *DEWICK, REV. E. S., M.A., F.S.A., 26, Oxford Square, Hyde
Park, W.
1888 DICKINSON, REV. F. BINLEY, M.A., Manor House, Ottery St.
Mary.
1889 DIMSDALE, JOHN, ESQ., 19, Phillimore Gardens, Ken-
sington, W.
1868 DOUGLAS, CAPTAIN R. J. H., Junior United Service Club,
Charles Street, St. James's, S.W.
1893 DUDMAN, JOHN, ESQ., JUN., RosslynHill, Hampstead, N.W.
1893 ELLIOTT, E. A., ESQ., 41, Holland Park, W.
1893 ELLIS, LIEUT. -CoL. H. LESLIE, Yeomanry House, Bucking-
ham.
1895 ELY, TALFOURD, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., 13, Well Road, Hamp-
stead, N.W.
1888 ENGEL, M. ARTHUR, 66, Rue de 1'Assomption, Paris.
1879 ERHARDT, H., ESQ., 9, Bond Court, Walbrook, E.G.
1872 EVANS, ARTHUR J., ESQ., M.A., V.P.S.A., Ashmolean Museum,
Oxford.
1849 EVANS, SIR JOHN, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.S.A.,
Corr. de 1'Inst., Nash Mills, Hemel Hempstead, President.
1892 *EVANS, LADY, Nash Mills, Hemel Hempstead.
1861 EVANS, SEBASTIAN, ESQ., LL.D., 15, Waterloo Crescent, Dover.
1886 FAY, DUDLEY B., ESQ., 287, Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.,
U.S.A.
1898 FORRER, L., ESQ., Edelweiss, Chislehurst, Kent.
1894 *FOSTER, JOHN ARMSTRONG, ESQ., F.Z.S., Chestwood, near
Barnstaple.
1891 Fox, H. B. EARLE, ESQ., 42, Rue Jouffroy, Paris.
1868 FRENTZEL, RUDOLPH, ESQ., 96, Upper Osbaldeston Road, Stoke
Newington, N.
LIST OF MEMBERS.
ELECTED
1882 *FRESHFIELD, EDWIN, ESQ., LL.D., F.S.A., New Bank
Buildings, 31, Old Jewry, E.G.
1896 *FRY, CLATJDE BASIL, ESQ., 32, Lansdowne Road, Netting
Hill, W.
1897 GANS, LEOPOLD, ESQ., 207, Madison Street, Chicago, U.S.A.
1871 GARDNER, PROF. PERCY, Litt.D., F.S.A., 12, Canterbury Eoad,
Oxford.
1889 GARSIDE, HENRY, ESQ., Burnley Eoad, Accrington.
1894 GOODACRE, H., ESQ., 78, Gloucester Terrace, Hyde Park, W.
1885 GOSSET, MAJOR-GEN. MATTHEW W. E., C.B., Island Bridge
House, Phoenix Park, Dublin.
1899 GOWLAND, WILLIAM, ESQ., M.C.S., F.S.A., 13, Bussell Eoad,
Kensington, W.
1891 *GRANTLEY, LORD, F.S.A., 2, Buckingham Palace Gardens,
S.W.
1865 GREENWELL, REV. CANON W., M.A., F.E.S., F.S.A., Durham.
1894 GRISSELL, HARTWELL D., ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., 60, High
Street, Oxford.
1871 GRUBBER, HERBERT A., ESQ., F.S.A., Assistant-Keeper of
Coins, British Museum, Hon. Secretary.
1899 HALL, HENRY PLATT, ESQ., Toravon, Werneth, Oldham.
1898 HANDS, EEV. ALFRED W., 21, Lansdowne Crescent, Chelten-
ham.
1864 HEAD, BARCLAY VINCENT, ESQ., D.C.L., Ph.D., Keeper of
Coins, British Museum, Vice-President.
1886 *HENDERSON, JAMES STEWART, ESQ., F.E.G.S., M.E.S.L.,
M.C.P., 7, Hampstead Hill Gardens, N.W.
1892 HEWITT, EICHARD, ESQ., 28, Westbourne Gardens, W.
1900 HEWLETT, LIONEL M., ESQ., Parkside, Harrow- on- the-Hill,
Middlesex.
1880 HEYWOOD, NATHAN, ESQ., 3, Mount Street, Manchester.
1893 HILBERS, THE YEN. G. C., St. Thomas's Eectory, Haverford-
west.
1898 HILL, CHARLES WILSON, ESQ., Bendower, Kenilworth.
1893 HILL, GEORGE FRANCIS, ESQ., M.A., British Museum,
Foreign Secretary.
1873 HOBLYN, EICHARD A., ESQ., F.S.A., 30, Abbey Eoad, St.
John's Wood, N.W.
8 LIST OF MEMBERS.
ELECTED
1898 HOCKING, WILLIAM JOHN, ESQ., 1, Eoyal Mint, E.
1895 HODGE, EDWARD G., ESQ., F.S.A., 13, Wellington Street,
Strand, W.C.
1895 HODGE, THOMAS, ESQ., 13, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
1889 HODGES, GEORGE, ESQ., Thornbury, Gloucestershire.
1877 HODGKIN,!., ESQ., D.C.L., F.S.A., Benwelldene, Newcastle.
1878 HOWORTH, SIR HENRY H., K.C.I.E., F.E.S., F.S.A.,
M.E.A.S., 30, Collingham Place, Earl's Court, S.W.,
Vice-President.
1883 HUBBARD, WALTER E., ESQ., 9, Broomhill Avenue, Partick,
Glasgow.
1885 HUGEL, BARON F. VON, 4, Holford Eoad, Hampstead, N.W.
1897 HUTH, EEGINALD, ESQ., 32, Phillimore Gardens, Ken-
sington, W.
1892 INDERWICK, F. A., ESQ., Q.C., F.S.A., 8, Warwick Square,
S.W.
1883 *IONIDES, CONSTANTINE ALEXANDER, ESQ., 23, Second
Avenue, West Brighton.
1872 JAMES, J. HENRY, ESQ., Kingswood, Watford.
1879 *JEX-BLAKE, THE VERY EEV. T. W., D.D., F.S.A., Deanery,
Wells.
1880 JOHNSTON, J. M. C., ESQ., The Yews, Grove Park, Camber-
well, S.E.
1898 JONAS, MAURICE, ESQ., 9, Drapers' Gardens, E.G.
1843 JONES, JAMES COVE, ESQ., F.S.A., Loxley, Wellesbourne, War-
wick.
1873 KAY, HENRY CASSELS, ESQ., 11, Durham Villas, Kensington, W.
1873 KEARY, CHARLES FRANCIS, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., Savile Club,
Piccadilly, W.
1874 *KENYON, R. LLOYD, ESQ., M.A., Pradoe, WestFelton, Salop.
1884 KING, L. WHITE, ESQ., C.S.I., F.S.A., Deputy Commissioner,
Kohat, Pan jab, India.
1891 KIRKALDY, JAMES, ESQ., 68, East India Eoad, E,
1876 KITCHENER, MAJOR GENERAL LORD, OF KHARTOUM, G.C.B.,
K.C.M.G., c/o Messrs. Cox & Co., Charing Cross, S.W.
1884 *KiTT, THOS. W., ESQ., Snowdon, WoodbridgeEoad, Guildford.
1879 KRTJMBHOLZ, E. C., ESQ., Alcester House, WaHington, Surrey.
LIST OF MEMBERS. 9
ELECTED
1883 *LAGERBERG, M. ADAM MAGNUS EMANTJEL, Chamberlain of
H.M. the King of Sweden and Norway, Director of the
Numismatic Department, Museum, Gottenburg, and
ESda, Sweden.
1864 *LAMBERT, GEORGE, ESQ., F.S.A., 10, Coventry Street, W.
1888 *LAMBROS, M. J. P., Athens, Greece.
1871 *LANG, SIR ROBERT HAMILTON, The Grove, Dedham, Essex.
1900 LANGTON, H. NEVILLE S., ESQ., 62, Harley Street, W.
1898 LAYER, PHILIP G., ESQ., M.E.C.S., Head Street, Colchester.
1899 LA-WES, SIR CHARLES BENNET, BART., The Studio, Chelsea
Gardens, S.W.
1877 LAWRENCE, F. G.,ESQ., Birchfield, Mulgrave Eoad, Sutton,
Surrey.
1897 LAWRENCE, H. W., ESQ., 37, Belsize Avenue, N.W.
1885 *LAWRENCE, L. A., ESQ., 51, Belsize Park, N.W.
1883 *LAWRENCE, EICHARDHOE, ESQ., 31, Broad Street, New York.
1871 *LAWSON, ALFRED J., ESQ., Smyrna.
1898 LEVIEN, J. MEWBURN, ESQ., 56, York Street, Portman
Square, "W.
1892 LEWIS, PROF. BuNNELL,M.A.,F.S.A., Queen's College, Cork.
1862 LINCOLN, FREDERICK W., ESQ., 69, New Oxford Street, W.C.
1900 LINCOLN, FREDERICK W., ESQ., JTJN., 69, New Oxford Street,
W.C.
1887 Low, LYMAN H., ESQ., 36, West 129th Street, New York,
U.S.A.
1893 LTTND, H. M., ESQ., Makotuku, New Zealand.
1885 *LYELL, A. H., ESQ., F.S.A., 9, Cranley Gardens, S.W.
1895 MACDONALD, GEO., ESQ., M.A., The University, Glasgow.
1887 MACKERELL, C. E., ESQ., Dunningley, Balham Hill, S.W.
1895 MARSH, WM. E., ESQ., Marston, Bromley, Kent.
1897 MARTIN, A. TRICE, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., Eedborough House,
Perceval Eoad, Clifton, Bristol.
1876 MASON, JAS. J., ESQ., Maryfield Villa, Victoria Eoad, Kirk-
caldy.
1896 MASSEY, COL. W. J., 96, Oakley Street, Chelsea, S.W.
1880 *MATJDE, EEV. S., The Vicarage, Hockley, Essex.
10 LIST OF MEMBERS.
ELECTED
1868 MCLACHIAN, R. W., ESQ., 55, St. Monique Street, Montreal,
Canada.
1897 MILNE, J. GRAFTON, ESQ., M.A., Holly House, Plaistow, E.
1887 MINTON, TIIOS. W., ESQ., Chase Hidings, Enfield.
1887 MITCHELL, E. C., ESQ., c/o Messrs. H. S. King & Co., 65,
Cornhill.
1898 MONCKTON, HORACE W., ESQ., F.L.S., F.G.S., 3, Harcourt
Buildings, Temple, E.G.
1888 MONTAGUE, L. A. D., ESQ., Penton, near Crediton, Devon.
1879 MORRIESON, MAJOR H. WALTERS, E.A., E.A. Barracks,
Pembroke Dock, S. Wales.
1885 MURDOCH, JOHN GLOAG, ESQ., Huntingtower, The Terrace,
Camden Square, N.W.
1894 MURPHY, WALTER ELLIOT, ESQ., 93, St. George's Eoad,
Pimlico, S.W.
1900 *MYLNE, KEY. EGBERT SCOTT, M.A., B.C.L., F.S.A., Great
Amwell, Herts.
1893 NAPIER, PROF. A. S., M.A., Ph.D., Hedington Hill, Oxford.
1890 NEALE, C. MONTAGUE, ESQ., 17, Killieser Avenue, Streatham
Hill, S.W.
1864 NECK, J. F., ESQ., c/o Mr. F. W. Lincoln, 69, New Oxford
Street, W.C.
1892 NEIL, E. ALEXANDER, ESQ., M.A.. Pembroke College, Cam-
bridge.
1898 NELSON, PHILIP, ESQ., M.B., Ch.B., 73, Eodney Street,
Liverpool.
1880 NELSON, EALPH, ESQ., 55, North Bondgate, Bishop Auck-
land.
1891 NERVEGNA, M. G., Brindisi, Italy.
1884 NUTTER, MAJOR W., Eough Lee, Accrington.
1898 OGDEN, W. SHARP, ESQ., Hill View, Danes Eoad, Eus-
holme, Manchester.
1897 *0'HAGAN, HENRY OSBORNE, ESQ., Al4, The Albany,
Piccadilly, W.
1885 OLIVER, E. EMMERSON, ESQ., M.E.A.S., M.Inst.C.E.,
229, Cromwell Eoad, S.W.
LIST OF MEMBERS.
11
1882 OMAN, C. W. 0., ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., All Souls College,
Oxford.
1890 PAGE, SAMUEL, ESQ., Hanway House, Nottingham.
1890 PATON, W. E., ESQ., Calymna, Turkey in Asia.
1882 *PECKOVER, ALEX., ESQ., F.S.A., F.L.S., F.R.G.S., Bank
House, Wisbech.
1898 PEDLER, G. H., ESQ., L.E.C.P., 6, Trevor Terrace, S.W.
1896 PEERS, 0. R., ESQ., M.A.,107, Grosvenor Road, S.W.
1894 PERRY, HENRY, ESQ., Middleton Mount, Reigate.
1862 *PERRY, MARTEN, ESQ., M.D., Spalding, Lincolnshire.
1888 PINCHES, JOHN HARVEY, ESQ., 27, Oxenden Street, Hay-
market.
1889 POWELL-COTTON, PERCY H. GORDON, ESQ., Quex Park,
Birchington, Thanet.
1887 PREVOST, AUGUSTUS, ESQ., B.A., F.S.A., 79, Westbourne
Terrace, W.
1897 PRICE, F. G. HILTON, ESQ., F.S.A., F.G.S., 17, Collingham
Gardens, S.W.
1878 PRIDEAUX, COL. W. F., C.S.I., F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S.,
1, West Cliff Terrace, Ramsgate.
1899 PRITCHARD, JOHN E., ESQ., F.S.A., Guys Cliff, Sydenham
Road, Bristol.
1887 RANSOM, W., ESQ., F.S.A., F.L.S., Fairfield, Hitchin, Herts.
1893 RAPHAEL, OSCAR C., ESQ., Victoria Foundry, Savile Town,
Dewsbury.
1890 RAPSON, E. J., ESQ., M.A., British Museum, W.C., Hon.
Secretary.
1848 RASHLEIGH, JONATHAN, ESQ., Menabilly, Par Station,
Cornwall.
1887 READY, W. TALBOT, ESQ., 55, Rathbone Place, W.
1882 RICHARDSON, A. B., ESQ., F.S. A.Scot., 4, Malvern Place,
Cheltenham.
1895 RIDGEWAY, PROFESSOR W., M.A., Fen Ditton, Cambridge.
1876 *ROBERTSON, J. D., ESQ., M.A., 21, Park Road, Richmond
Hill, Surrey.
1889 ROME, WILLIAM, ESQ., C.C., F.S.A., F.L.S., Oxford Lodge,
Wimbledon Common.
12 LIST OF MEMBERS.
ELECTED
1900 BOSKELL, EGBERT N., ESQ., 2, Warwick Gardens, Ken-
sington, W.
1862 ROSTRON, SIMPSON, ESQ., 1, Hare Court, Temple, E.G.
1896 *KOTH, BERNARD, ESQ., J.P., Wayside, Preston Park,
Brighton.
1872 *SALAS, MIGUEL T., ESQ., 247, "Florida Street, Buenos Ayres,
1877 *SANDEMAN, LIEUT.- COL. JOHN GLAS, F.S.A., 24, Cambridge
Square, Hyde Park, W.
1875 SCHINDLER, GENERAL A. H., c/o Messrs. W. Dawson and
Son, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, W.C.
1895 SELBY, HENRY JOHN, ESQ., The Vale, Shortlands, Kent.
1890 SELTMAN,E. J.,EsQ., Kinghoe, Great Berkhamsted, Herts.
1900 SHACKLES, GEORGE L., ESQ., Southfield, Hessle, near Hull.
1889 SIDEBOTHAM, E. J., ESQ., M.B.,Erlesdene, Bowdon, Cheshire.
1896 SIMPSON, C. E., ESQ., Huntriss Eow, Scarborough.
1893 *SiMS, E. F. M., ESQ., 12, Hertford Street, Mayfair, W.
1896 SINHA, KUMVAR KusHAL PAL — EAIS OF KOTLA, Kotla, Agra,
India.
1887 SMITH, H. P., ESQ., 256, West 52nd Street, New York.
1883 SMITH, R. HOBART, ESQ., 542, West 150th Street, New
York.
1866 SMITH, SAMUEL, ESQ., JuN.,25, Croxteth lload, Prince's Park,
Liverpool.
1890 SMITH, W. BERESFORD, ESQ., Kenmore, Vanbrugh Park
Eoad West, Blackheath.
1892 SMITH, VINCENT A., ESQ., Gwynfa, Cheltenham.
1881 SMITHS, J.DOYLE, ESQ., F.G.S., Ecclesdin, Upper Norwood.
1890 *SPENCE, C. J., ESQ., South Preston Lodge, North Shields.
1867 SPICE R, FREDERICK, ESQ., Woodbank, Prestwich Park, near
Manchester.
1887 SPINK, C. F., ESQ., 17, Piccadilly, W,
1894 SPINK, SAMUEL M., ESQ., 17, Piccadilly, W.
1890 STANFORD, CHARLES G. THOMAS-, ESQ., 3, Ennismore
Gardens, S.W.
1893 STOBART, J. M., ESQ., Glenelg, 18, Eouth Eoad, Wandsworth
Common, S.W.
1889 STORY, MAJOR-GEN. VALENTINE FREDERICK, The Forest,
Nottingham.
LIST OF MEMBERS.
13
ELECTED
1869 *STREATFEILD, REV. GEORGE SIDNEY, Christchurch Vicarage,
Hampstead, N.W.
1896 STRIDE, ARTHUR LEWIS, ESQ., J.P., Bush Hall, Hatfield.
1894 STROEHLIN, M., P. 0., 86, Eoute de Chene, Geneva, Switzer-
land.
1864 *STUBBS, MAJOR-GEN. F. W., E.A., M.E.A.S., 2, Clarence
Terrace, St. Luke's, Cork, Ireland.
1875 STUDD, E. FAIRFAX, ESQ., Oxton, Exeter.
1893 STURT, LIEUT. -CoL. E. N. (address not known).
1870 SUGDEN, JOHN, ESQ., Dockroyd, near Keighley.
1885 SYMONDS, HENRY, ESQ., 30, Bolton Gardens, South Ken-
sington, S.W.
1896 *TAFFS, H. W., ESQ., 82, Herbert Eoad, Plumstead, S.E.
1879 TALBOT, LIEUT.-COL. THE HON. MILO GEORGE, E.E., 2,
Paper Buildings, Temple, E.C.
1897 TALBOT, W. S., ESQ., 0. S. Settlement Officer, Jhelum,
Panjab, India.
1888 TATTON, THOS. E., ESQ., Wythenshawe, Northenden, Cheshire.
1892 *TAYLOR, E, WRIGHT, ESQ., F.S.A., 8, Stone Buildings,
Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
1887 TAYLOR, W. H., ESQ., The Croft, Wheelwright Eoad,
. Erdington, near Birmingham.
1887 THAIRLWALL, T. J., ESQ., 12, Upper Park Eoad, Haverstock
Hill, N.W.
1880 *THEOBALD, W., ESQ., Budleigh Salterton, S. Devon.
1896 THOMPSON, HERBERT, ESQ., 35, Wimpole Street, W.
1896 THORBURN, HENRY W., ESQ., Cradock Villa, Bishop Auck-
land.
1888 THURSTON, E., ESQ., Central Government Museum, Madras.
1895 TILLSTONE, F. J., ESQ., The Librarian, Brighton Public
Library, Church Street, Brighton.
1894 TRIGGS, A. B., ESQ., Bank of New South Wales, Yass, New
South Wales.
1880 TRIST, J. W., ESQ., F.S.A., F.S.I., 3, Great St. Helens, E.C.
1887 TROTTER, LIEUT.-COL. HENRY, C.B., United Service Club.
1874 VERITY, JAMES, ESQ., The Headlands, Earls Heaton, Dewsburj.
14 LIST OF MEMBERS.
ELECTED
1893 VIRTUE, HERBERT, ESQ., 294, City Eoad, E.G.
1874 YIZE, GEORGE HENRY, ESQ., Stock Orchard House, 526,
Caledonian Eoad, N.
1899 VLASTO, MICHEL P., ESQ., 12, Allier des Cappucines, Mar-
seilles, France.
1892 VOST, DR. W., c/o Messrs. H. S. King & Co., 45, Pall Mall,
S.W.
1875 WAKEFORD, GEORGE, ESQ., Knightrider Street, Maidstone.
1883 WALKER, E. K, ESQ., M.A., Trin. Coll. Dub., Watergate,
Meath Eoad, Bray, Ireland.
1897 WALTERS, FRED. A., ESQ., F.S.A., 37, Old Queen Street,
Westminster, S.W.
1894 WARD, JOHN, ESQ., J.P., F.S.A., Lenoxvale, Belfast,
Ireland.
1889 WARREN, COL. FALKLAND, C.M.G., 911, Nicola Street, Van-
couver, British Columbia.
1887 *WEBER, EDWARD F., ESQ., 58, Alster, Hamburg, Germany.
1885 *WEBER, FREDERIC P., ESQ., M.D., F.S.A., 19, Harley
Street, W.
1883 *WEBER, SIR HERMANN, M.D., 10, Grosvenor Street, Gros-
venor Square, W., Vice- President.
1884 WEBSTER, W. J., ESQ., c/o Messrs. Spink, 17, Piccadilly,
W.
1899 WELCH, FRANCIS BERTRAM, ESQ., B.A., 8, Brandram Eoad,
Lee, Blackheath, S.E.
1883 WHELAN, F. E., ESQ., 6, Bloomsbury /Street, W.C.
1869 *WIGRAM, MRS. LEWIS (address not known).
1881 WILLIAMSON, GEO. C., ESQ., F.E.S.L., The Mount, Guild-
ford, Surrey.
1869 WINSER, THOMAS B., ESQ., 81, Shooter's Hill Eoad, Blackheath,
S.E.
1868 WOOD, HUMPHREY, ESQ., F.S.A., Chatham.
1860 WOKMS, BARON G. DE, F.E.G.S., F.S.A., V.P.E.S.L., E.G.S.,
D.L., J.P., 17, Park Crescent, Portland Place, W.
1880 WROTH, W. W., ESQ., F.S.A., British Museum.
LIST OP MEMBERS.
15
ELECTED
1885 WYON, ALLAN, ESQ., F.S.A., F.S.A.Scot., 2, Langham
Chambers, Portland Place, W.
1889 YEATES, F. WILLSON, ESQ., 7, Leinster Gardens, Hyde
• Park, W.
1880 YOUNG, ARTHUR W., ESQ., 12, Hyde Park Terrace, W.
1898 YOUNG, JAMES, ESQ., 11, Porchester Terrace, Lancaster
Gate, W.
1900 ZIMMERMAN, KEY. JEREMIAH, M.A., D.D., 109, South
Avenue, Syracuse, New York, U.S.A.
HONORARY MEMBERS.
ELECTED
1898 His MAJESTY THE KING OF ITALY, Palazzo Quirmale,
Borne.
1891 BABELON, M. ERNEST, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris.
1862 BARTHELEMY, M. A. DE, 9, Eue d'Anjou, Paris.
1898 BLANCHET, M. J. A., 164, Boulevard Pereira, Paris.
1881 DANNENBERG, HERR H., N.W., Lessingstrasse, Berlin.
1899 DROUIN, M. EDMOND, 11, Eue de Verneuil, Paris.
1898 DRESSEL, DR. H., Miinz Kabinet, K. Museen, Berlin.
1899 GABRICI, PROP. DR., Ettore, Salita Stella, 21, Naples.
1893 GNECCHI, SIGR. FRANCESCO, 10, Via Filodrammatici, Milan.
1886 HERBST, HERR C. F., Director of the Museum of Northern
Antiquities and Inspector of the Coin Cabinet, Copenhagen.
1886 HILDEBRAND, DR. HANS, Kiksantiquarien, Stockholm.
1873 IMHOOF-BLUMER, DR. F., Winterthur, Switzerland.
1893 JONGHE, M. le Vicomte B. de, Eue du Trone, 60, Brussels.
1878 KENNER, DR. F., K. K. Museum, Vienna.
1893 LOEBBECKE, HERR A., Cellerstrasse, 1, Brunswick.
1898 MADDEN, F. W., ESQ., Holt Lodge, 86, London Eoad,
Brighton.
16 LIST OF MEMBERS.
ELECTED
1898 MILANI, PROF., Luigi Adriano, Florence.
1878 MOMMSEN, PROFESSOR DR. THEODOR, Charlottenburg, Berlin.
1899 PICK, DR. BEHRENDT, Herzogliche Bibliothek, Gotha.
1895 EEINACH, M. THEODORE, 263 Eue Murillo, Paris.
1891 SVORONOS, M. J. N., Conservateur du Cabinet des Medailles,
Athens.
1881 TIESENHAUSEN, PROF. W., Pont de la Police, 17, St. Peters-
burg.
1886 WEIL, DR. EUDOLF, Konigliche Museen, Berlin.
MEDALLISTS
OF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY OF LONDON.
1883 CHARLES EOACH SMITH, ESQ., F.S.A.
1884 AQUILLA SMITH, ESQ., M.D., M.K.I. A.
1885. EDWARD THOMAS, ESQ., F.E.S.
1886 MAJOR-GENERAL ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM, C.S.I., C.I.E.
1887 JOHN EVANS, ESQ., D.C.L., LL.D., F.E.S., P.S.A.
1888 DR. F. IMHOOF-BLUMER, of Winterthur.
1889 PROFESSOR PERCY GARDNER, Litt.D., F.S.A.
1890 MONSIEUR J. P. Six, of Amsterdam.
1891 DR. 0. LUDWIG MULLER, of Copenhagen.
1892 PROFESSOR E. STUART POOLE, LL.D.
1893 MONSIEUR W. H. WADDINGTON, Senateur, Membre de 1'In-
stitut, Paris.
1894 CHARLES FRANCIS KEARY, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A.
1895 PROFESSOR DR. THEODOR MOMMSEN, of Berlin.
1896 FREDERIC W. MADDEN, ESQ., M.E.A.S.
1897 DR. ALFRED VON SALLET, of Berlin.
1898 THE EEV. CANON W. GREENWELL, M.A., F.E.S., F.S.A.
1899 MONSIEUR ERNEST BABELON, Membre de 1'Institut, Con-
servateur des Medailles, Paris.
1900 PROFESSOR STANLEY LANE-POOLE, M.A., Litt.D.
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
i.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM
IN 1899.
(See Plates I, II.)
As will be seen from the table given below, the total
number of Greek coins acquired by the British Museum
during the year 1899 is 485. Most of these have been
obtained by purchase out of the ordinary Departmental
Grant, but some are presentations due to the kindness of
the Rev. Arthur Dixon, Sir John Evans, K.C.B., Mr. G.
F. Hill, Mr. L. A. Lawrence, Mr. A. J. Lawson, Mr. E.
J. Seltman, Mr. T. Fox Sharp, and Mr. S. Spero. Shortly
after the death of Dr. Jan Pieter Six, the distinguished
numismatist of Amsterdam, his son, Professor Jan Six,
very kindly offered to present to the British Museum, in
his own name and in that of Dr. W. Six, some Greek coin
of importance from his father's collection, in remem-
brance of the friendly and long-continued relations that
had existed between Dr. Six and the members of the
Medal Room Staff. The coin that has thus passed into the
Museum is the very rare and interesting didrachm of
Hieropolis (Bambyce) in Cyrrhestica, with the reverse
type Atergatis riding on a lion. It has already been well
described and photographed in the Numismatic Chronicle
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. B
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
(1878, p. 104, No. 2, PL VI. 2 ; cf. B. M. Cat. Galatia,
p. liii.) by J. P. Six himself.1
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED 1887 — 1899.
Year.
Gold and
Electrum.
Silver.
Bronze, &c.
Total
1887
8
58
110
176
1888
10
217
228
455
1889
12
65
270
347
1890
5
102
70
177
1891
16
280
73
369
1892
10
99 •
348
457
1893
4
118
281
403
1894
31
164
453
648
1895
20
178
479
677
1896
54
428
170
652
1897
20
313
503
836
1898
3
222
699
924
1899
1
112
372
485
Total . .
194
2,356
4,056
6,606
UNCERTAIN OF ETRURIA.
1. Obv. — Sepia with spreading arms and tentacles : its body
is represented by an amphora, and its lateral fins
by the lower part of two helmets placed side-
ways. Beneath amphora, XX (mark of value).
The whole in circular border.
;.— Plain.
M. Size 1-8.
obv.1
Wt. 349'5 grs. [PI. II. 2
1 Important Greek acquisitions of the Department of Coins
and Medals from the year 1887 onwards will be found de-
scribed by me in the Numismatic Chronicle for 1888, p. 1 f. ;
1889, p. 249 f.; 1890, p. 311 f. ; 1891, p. 116 f. ; 1892,
p. 1 f. ; 1893, p. 1 f. ; 1894, p. 1 f. ; 1895, p. 89 f. ; 1896,
p. 85 f. : 1897, p. 93 f. ; 1898, p. 97 f. ; 1899, p. 85 f. In pre-
paring this paper I have had the advantage of consulting the
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. O
This coin, the genuineness of which is undoubted, was
formerly in the possession of Mr. "W. S. W. Vaux, the
numismatist, who found it many years ago in the shop of
a marine-store dealer at Portsmouth. Being much dis-
coloured, it was supposed by the dealer to be an old
copper medal, and he sold it to Mr. Yaux for twopence.
Two similar specimens in the Strozzi collection are
described by Garrucci (Hon. d* ItaL, p. 49, No. 18 ; PL
Ixxi., 18),2 who is inclined to attribute them to the ancient
Pisae, partly because they were both procured from Pisa,
and partly because of the sepia (revOi?) type, which he
takes to be a play upon Teuta, the name by which (accord-
ing to one of several varying traditions) the town of
Pisae was originally called. But these reasons for the
attribution hardly seem cogent. The date of the coin
may be about B.C. 450.
The type consists of an ordinary amphora, which serves
as the body of a sepia, and on each side is a projection
which Garrucci takes to be the lateral fins of the sepia
(Loligo). Lateral fins are, I believe, conspicuous in
Loligo vulgaris, though much less prominent in Sepia
officinalis, which latter is considered by Imhoof-Blumer
and Keller3 to be the sepia usually found on Greek
coins, e.g., on the coins of Coresia in Ceos. Doubtless
these projections on pur coin are intended to represent
section on Greek coins written by Mr. B'arclay Head for the
Parliamentary Report of the British Museum, and I am also
indebted for several suggestions to Mr. Head and Mr. G. F.
Hill.
z See also Bompois, Rev. Arch., 1879, n.s., vol. xxxviii, p. 76,
PI. XVII. 5; Per. di num., vi., p. 65; Head, Hist. Num.,
p. 13 ; cp. Garrucci, op. cit., p. 49, No. 19, with the mark of
value X and Sepia-amphora type ivithout lateral projections.
3 Tier-und Pflanzenbilder.
4 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
(or caricature) the fins of the Loligo, but what they
actually consist of (as Mr. Cecil Smith has pointed out to
me) is two helmets, the lower parts of which alone are
shown, though the eye-slit and nasal piece are clearly
visible. This bizarre combination of sepia, amphora and
helmet is probably without parallel on autonomous Greek
coins, but is less surprising in Etruria where, for instance,
sepulchral urns were often surmounted by human heads,
and vases were strangely shaped and moulded (see, e.g., the
illustrations in Martha's L'Art Etrusque, pp. 331-336,
p. 471).
MESMA (BRUTTIUM).
2. Obv.— [ME^jMA. Female head r. ; hair rolled and
flowing behind neck (nymph of the fountain
Mesma 4) ; wears earring and necklace ; in front,
crescent ; behind, vase reversed ; border.
Rev. — Youthful figure naked (River-god ?) seated 1. on
rock covered with animal's skin ; hair long ;
legs crossed. His 1. hand rests on rock ; with
his r. he holds up a crab towards which a dog is
leaping; border.
M. Size -85. [PI. I. 2.]
This beautiful specimen, which is covered with a pale
green patina, is an interesting variety of the coin of
Mesma, published by Millingen (Anc. Coins of Greek Cities,
p. 21 ; PL II., I.5), on which the youth holds (apparently)
a patera, while the dog is seated. The crab here held by
the figure seems to identify him as a river-god — either the
Bruttian Metaurus, or the local river now called Mesima.
4 The fountain named Medma (Mesma) is mentioned by
Strabo, vi., p. 256; cp. Steph. Byz., M^rj, TroAts 'IraAias /cat
6 See also Brit. Mus. Cat., Italy, *« Mesma," No. 3; Leake,
Num. Hell., p. 128 ; De Luynes, Ckoix, PI. IV. 9.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 5
The main fact in the little-known history of Mesma is
its capture, in B.C. 388, by Dionysius the Elder, and the
bestowal by him of its territory upon the Locrians. Mr.
Head (H. N.t p. 89) thinks that the coinage (bronze) of
this town is subsequent to B.C. 388, and, perhaps, even
later than B.C. 344, the date when Locri herself began to
coin money. The style of our reverse type (which may
be almost called Praxitelean) may seem best suited to this
latter date, but, on the whole, I am myself inclined to
place the coinage before, rather than after, B.C. 388. For
(i) the coinages of Bruttium fas is pointed out in the
Historic* Numorum, p. 76) come to an end, generally, circ.
B.C. 388, the period of the ravages of the Lucanians and
of Dionysius ; (ii) the coins of Mesma differ much from
the bronze coins of the Locrians, and were thus, pre-
sumably, struck before Locri obtained possession of
Mesma ; (iii) the type of a naked figure seated on a rock,
and holding out some object before him, belongs, in Italy,
especially to the end of the fifth and the early part of
the fourth century. Well-known instances occur at
Croton and Pandosia, and at Tarentum, where the type of
the seated Taras*or Demos playing with a panther's cub
resembles the Mesma reverse- type (see Gardner, Types,
PL Y., 3 = Evans, Horsemen of Tarentum, PL L, 12).
The only silver coins that have been attributed to
Mesma are "Corinthian" staters marked M E and M,
and issued 6 circ. B.C. 344-300, no doubt under Locrian
influence.
ZANCLE (SICILY).
3. Obv. — DA/VKVE Dolphin 1. within enclosure in the
shape of a sickle (taynXov) ; on each side of
enclosure, border of dots.
6 Head, B. M. Cat., Corinth, p. xlix.
6 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev. — The type of the obverse repeated in incuse to r.,
but without the inscription.
M. Size -95. Wt. 87-7 grs. [PL I. 1.]
This coin (an Aeginetic drachm) was discovered near
Messina in 1895, in a small hoard of silver money of
Zancle and Naxos, probably buried in 493 B.C., at the
time of the capture of Zancle by the Samians and
Milesians. Mr. Arthur Evans, who has given (Numis-
matic Chronicle, 1896, p. 101, f.) an excellent account
of this hoard, including a description of the present
specimen (p. 101, No. 2 ; PL VIII. fig. 2), remarks that
these pieces, with the reverse type in incuse, represent an
earlier stage of the coinage of Zancle than any yet
known, and may be as early as the middle of the sixth
century B.C., when various cities of Magna Gfraecia began
to issue their characteristic coins with, the type of the
obverse repeated in incuse on the reverse.7
MENDE (MACEDONIA).
4. Obv. — Ass (ithyphallic) advancing 1. ; border of dots.
Rev.— Incuse square divided diagonally.
M. Size -55. Wt. 42 grs. [PL I. 3.]
5. Obv. — M Forepart of ass r. ; border of dots.
Eev. — Incuse square divided diagonally.
M. Size -25. Wt. 7' 3 grs. [PI. I. 4.]
(Cp. Weber, Num. Chron., 1896, PI. II. 1, incuse
varied.)
7 Another specimen was sold at Sotheby's, January 20th,
1898, lot 61.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 7
6. Obv. — Head of young Herakles r., in lion's skin.
Rev. — [M] IN A . . Head of ass r. (whole in incuse
square ?).
M. Size -25. Wt. 4-3 grs. [PI. I. 5.]
Many new varieties of the curious coinage of Mende
have come to light within the last twenty years, and
several, chiefly the smaller denominations, have from time
to time been published in the Numismatic Chronicle, by Sir
Hermann Weber, and by myself.8
ANTIGONUS (B.C. 306—301).
7. Obv. — Head of Athena r., wearing crested helmet, adorned
with serpent.
Rev. — ANTIfoNfoY] Nike, winged, standing 1., hold-
BAZIAE[jQZ] in r. acrostolium ; in 1.
trophy-stand (or orvAis ?) ;
wears long chiton and peplos
wrapped round body : in
field 1., wreath. (Double-
struck.)
N. Size -75. Wt. 132 grs. [PI. I. 6.]
On this very rare stater 9 Antigonus adopts the types
of Alexander, but the Nike holds an acrostolium instead
of the usual wreath. Mr. Head suggests that this varia-
tion in the type was intended to commemorate the naval
8 Num. Chron., 1890, p. 2, cp. p. 11: 1892, p. 6; 1893,
p. 2 ; 1896, p. 15 ; 1898. p. 251 f. Besides Hist. Num. and
the Brit. Mus. and Berlin Catalogues, see Imhoof-Blumer,
Monn. Gfr., p. 82 f . ; Num. Zeit., 1884, 243; Annuaire de la
Soc.franq. Num., 1884, 34 (Hirsch) ; Z. f. N., x., 73 (Loeb-
becke) ; Num. Chron., 1897/p. 275 (Greenwell).
9 A specimen is in the Hunter Collection (Macdonald, I.,
p. 336, PL XXIII. 14) ; see also the coin in Mion., Sup., iii.,
p. 244, No. 587, PI. XL 1 ; cp. i., p. 576, No. 822.
8 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
victory off Salamis (Cyprus) in B.C. 30G,10 when Demetrius
Poliorcetes, the son of Antigonus, defeated Ptolemy.
After this engagement Antigonus and Demetrius each
took the title BacnXeue.
In connexion with the wreath that appears in the field
of the coin, it should be remembered that J. P. Six has
proposed u to assign to Antigonus, as King of Babylon
B.C. 317-311, a series of double- darics, &c., bearing a
wreath, an object which he regards as the personal badge
of Antigonus, like the anchor of Seleucus.
PHILIPPOPOLIS (THRACE).
8. Obv.— AVTKMAVPCEVH ANTHNEINOC
Head of Caracalla r., laur. ; bearded.
Rtv.— KOI
NON0P
AKflNAAE within laurel-wreath.
ZANAPIA
EN<f>IAIlT
TTOTTOAI
nveiA
M. Size 1-2.
The Pythia, and the 'A.\e%av%peia (games in honour
of Alexander the Great), are commemorated on many
coins of Caracalla struck at Philippopolis with agon-
istic types. (See the Berlin and Brit. Mus. Cata-
logues.)
MAGNETES (THESSALY).
9. Obv.— C6BAC TOC Head of Nero r., laur. ; border
of dots.
10 So Clinton and Droysen, Gesch. der Diadochen, p. 133,
note. Kaerst (s.v. "Antigonos" in Pauly, Real-Encyclop.)
assigns the battle to B.C. 307.
11 Num. Chron,, 1898, p. 219 f.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. y
Rev.— MAP NH[TflN] The Centaur Cheiron r. ;
r. hand outstretched ; 1. hand holds branch
resting on shoulder ; beneath, M ?
M. Size -65. [PL II. 1.]
(Purchased, Sale at Sotheby's, 13 March, 1899, lot 115.)
The coinage of Thessaly in Imperial times consists
almost exclusively of bronze money, with names of
Strategi, struck by the Thessali at Larissa.12 The rare
coin of the Magnetes here published must have been
struck at Demetrias.
RHIZUS (THESSALY). ?
10. Obv. — Female head r. (Artemis ?) ; hair tied in knot be-
hind ; wears earring [and necklace ?].
Rev.— P I I O Y . . . . N Star of ten rays.
M. Size -65. [PL I. 7.]
Four letters of this unpublished coin are indistinct.
One would expect to find PI I OY NT I HIM, but the sixth
letter looks like the lower part of ^, and the seventh like
A (?); thus, PHOY^AiniM. The coin is of brass,
partly coated with a bright green patina. The style and
fabric are suggestive of Thessaly, and the coin is appar-
ently of Rhizus, a place situated in Magnesia. Rhizus is
mentioned by Strabo (ix., p. 436 ; 443) and Stephanus
Bvz. : 'Pifoi;9, 7roXf9 Gecr(raX/a9. TO iOvucov *PiFouv-
if O ^
-no9.13 According to Strabo it was one of eight neigh-
bouring 7roX/^i/at, whose inhabitants were removed by
12 Gardner, Brit. Mus. Cat., Thessaly, p. xxxii.
13 See also Scylax, § 65. Plin., N.H., iv., 9, 16, « Oppida
Meliboea, Rhizus," &c.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. C
10 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Demetrius Poliorcetes [in B.C. 290] to people his new
foundation called Demetrias. In Strabo's own day, Rhizus
was regarded as a village of Demetrias.
We should not have looked for a coinage at Rhizus,14
yet it may in reality have been of more importance than
Strabo's mention implies, and have enjoyed a period of
prosperity during the fourth century, the time to which
this coin must belong.
The earliest coins of Demetrias have on the obverse a
head of Artemis. (Hist. Num. p. 250.)
It is desirable to point out the resemblance that our
coin bears in types and style to the coins of Issa, the
island off the Illyrian coast. Three specimens are
photographed in Brunsmid's Inschriften und Munzen tier
Griech. Stddte Dalmatian* (Wien, 1898), pi. iv. 63-65 ;
p. 62. I was at first inclined to think that this might
be a coin of the Illyrian town Rhizon in the variant form
Rhizus.15 But the only civic coins of Rhizon at present
published are two bronze pieces struck circ. B.C. 168 or
later, and our 'coin shows no traces of the characteristic
fabric of Illyrian money. The attribution to Thessaly,
therefore, seems preferable.
ELEA (EPIBUS).
11. Obv. — Head of Demeter facing, wreathed with corn: in
field 1., A
4 Mr. G. F. Hill thinks that we may recognise a coin of
Rhizus in the bronze Thessalian piece first published by me in
Num. Chron.t 1896, p. 89 (obv. Head of Zeus, rev. Vine-branch
with grapes). He proposes to read P [HOY]^I[H]N.
15^ Steph. Byz. : cP/£an/ iroAts 'IXXvpcas KOL Trora^os o/xoW/AOS. 6
woAfrnjs "Pi^on/mys. It may be inferred from Scylax, §§ 24, 25,
that €P(£ovs was an alternative form for the usual 'Pi£<ov
(Miiller, Georj. yraec. min., i., pp. 31, 32, notes).
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 11
Rev.— [EAE] ATAN Kerberos 1. ; beneath, A ; con-
cave field.
M.16 Size -8. [PL I. 9 obv.]
. [Restruck on coin of Philip II of Macedon : on the
obv. is visible the head of Apollo (Ares ?) r. ; on
the rev., <j>[l]AIPPoY, horseman.]
This coin is of the fourth century, earlier than the regal
coinage of Epirus (which begins B.C. 342), but not earlier
than B.C. 359, as is proved by its being restruck (as is
also a specimen in the Berlin Museum) on a bronze coin
of Philip of Macedon. Friedlaender (Z. f. N. vi. 15)
points out that the correct reading is EAE ATAN, not
EAEAIfUN]. The cross-bar of the T is not clear on -our
coin, but is distinct on another Elean coin in the British
Museum, acquired in 1891.
THEBES (B.C. 480—456).
12. Obv. — Boeotian shield.
Rev. — Amphora in incuse square.
JR. Size -45. Wt. 45*3 grs. [PI. I. 10.]
This denomination (the triobol) is new to the Museum,
and is not mentioned in Head's Coinage of Bceotia, where
(p. 23) the stater, drachm, and obol of the amphora type
are described.
PAGAE (MEGARIS).
13. Obv.—AV KMAVPKOMO . . . ANTCO . . Head
of Commodus r., laur.
16 The coin is of brass, and is covered, like several other
coins of Elea, with a bluish-green patina, which forms a kind
of glaze.
12 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev. — TJ A Temple 1., seen from front and side ; on I.,
FAIWN palm-tree; on r., olive-tree, on which
owl is perched.
Size -95. [PL II. 3 rw.]
(Purchased, Sale at Sotheby's, 13 March, 1899, lot 125.)
The trees beside the temple may represent a grove
within which the building stood, or may be sacred trees
like the palm of Delos and the platanus of Gortyna. The
owl (perched on the olive-tree as on the Imperial coins
of Athens n) would rather seem to indicate that the
temple is of Athena. But, on the other hand, the god-
dess is not otherwise known to have been connected with
Pagae, the divinities of which, were I sis, Cybele, Diony-
sos, Herakles, and Artemis Soteira.18 Probably the temple
is of this Artemis, who appears to have been an impor-
tant goddess at Pagae from the time of the Persian Wars
onwards. At Pagae there was a statue of Artemis Soteira,
modelled, apparently, upon the statue made by the sculptor
Strongylion for the neighbouring Megara. This statue
appears upon the coins, and in one case 19 the goddess is
represented in a temple, on each side of which (it is im-
portant to notice) is a tree, seemingly an olive-tree.
AEGIUM (ACHAIA).
14. Olv.— AVKMAVPAN TUJN€INOC[C€] Bust
of M. Aurelius r., laur., wearing cuirass.
lien. — AIFIGUJN Asklepios, wearing himation over
shoulder and lower limbs, seated r. on throne ;
7 Imhoof-Blumer and Gardner, Num. Comm. on Pans, PI. Z.
11 Imhoof-Blumer and Gardner, op. cit., p. 8 f. ; p. 154.
19 Inihoof-Blumer and Gardner, op. cit., PI. A. II.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 13
r. hand on long sceptre ; 1. hand open, resting on
1. knee ; before him, serpent, headr., coiled round
altar with conical top ; in exergue, ACT.
M. Size 1-1. [PI. II. 4 rev.]
15. Obv.— [AVKJMAVPANTUJ NeiNOC[CG]B Bust
of M. Aurelius r., laur., wearing cuirass.
fieVt — A IF! . . . Temple r., seen from front and side;
on r., before temple, two tall torches; in
exergue, ACT.
M. Size M. [PL II. 5 rev.]
16. Obv.— AVKMAVPANTU) NeiNOCCGB Bust
of M. Aurelius r., laur., wearing cuirass. (Same
die as No. 15.)
Eev. — UJN On 1., female figure standing 1. ;
wears chiton [and head-dress ?] ; r. hand on
rudder ; 1. hand holds cornucopiae ; on r, another
female figure, wearing chiton, peplos, and modius,
stands 1. ; r. hand extended ; 1. hand holds
cornucopiae; in exergue, AC "I".
M. Size M.
(These coins were purchased at Sotheby's, 13 March,
1899, lot 125. Each is partially covered with a
reddish brown coating, and the three specimens
probably come from the same " find." ACT
is the mark of value for three ao-trapia.20 A
similar indication occurs on the Imperial coins of
Sparta (Hist. Num., p. 365).)
The reverse of No. 14 is here photographed as an interest-
ing type in somewhat better preservation than the specimen
in Imhoof-Blumer and Gardner, Num. Comm. on Pamanias,
PL R. IX. On a companion coin (PL R. X.), Hygieia
20 The AC I of the coin of Aegium, figured in Imhoof-
Blumer and Gardner, Num. Comm. on Pans., PI. K. VII., p.
83, should, I imagine, be read ACT.
14 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
stands feeding the serpent coiled round the altar, and
on a third coin of Aegium (PL R. XL), the Asklepios
and the Hygieia are grouped together with the snake-
encircled altar between them. Imhoof-Blumer and Gardner
have already pointed out that with the aid of these coins
we may reproduce the group of Asklepios and Hygieia
made for Aegium by Damophon of Messene (Paus. vii.
23, 7).21
Near the temple and temenos of Asklepios there stood
(according to the description of Pausanias, vii. 23, 5) an
ancient temple of Eileithyia, containing a statue of the
goddess by the same Damophon. This goddess is repre-
sented on the coins of Aegium (Num. Comm. Paus. p. 83/.)
holding a torch in each hand, and there can be no doubt
that it is her temple that is represented on our coin No.
15. The torches standing (like two gigantic maypoles)
before the temple were probably erected on the occasion
of some festival. They recall the large torches seen on
the Imperial coins of Megara,22 Byzantium,23 Pergamum
and Cyzicus.24
No. 16 is similar to a coin published by Kenner
(St. Florian, p. 59 ; pi. ii. 8),25 who calls the figures
Isis (on 1.) and Sarapis (on r.). But the figure on the
right is certainly female, as the dress on our specimen
proves.
51 On Damophon, see A. S. Murray, ii., 246 ; E. Gardner,
p. 400 f. ; Collignon, ii., 626 f. He is usually assigned to the
fourth century B.C. ; Collignon thinks that he worked in the
first half of the second century B.C.
;2 Num. Comm. Paus., PI. A. XII., XIII.
13 Svoronos in Ephemeris Arch., 1889, pp. 84-87.
4 Brit. Mus. Cat. Mysia, Index ii., s.v. Torches.
5 Kenner's description is repeated in Num. Comm. Paus.,
p. 88.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 15
APTEEA (CRETE).
17. Obv,— I/iniASATHA. Head of Artemis of Aptera 1.,
wearing earring (necklace ?) and stephane ; hair
rolled.
\£O]'X [IO]IAOTT Warrior (Apteros or
Pteras) standing 1., wearing helmet, (sword ?) and
cuirass ; in 1. hand spear and shield ornamented
(with star ?) ; r. hand raised to salute tree before
him ; circular incuse.
M. Size 1. Wt. 171 grs. [PL I. 8.]
This specimen was acquired in Crete, and formed lot 126
in the sale at Sotheby's on January 20th, 1898. The
obverse is from the same die as a coin in the British
Museum, published Num. Chron. 1891, p. 128, No. 17.26
The model for the head of Artemis on the didrachms of
Aptera was evidently furnished by the skilful engraver
Pythodorus, who signs the coin in Brit. Mus. Cat. Crete,
PI. II, 3. This was copied and somewhat simplified by
less competent workmen (Ib. PI. II. 4, 5), the present coin
being one of the best of the copies. The mouth and chin
have suffered a little through double striking.
POLYRHENIUM (CRETE).
18. Obv.— [PYOOAjnPOY Head of Artemis Diktynna
1., wearing earring and necklace.
Rev. — Bull's head facing, bound with fillet.
M. Size -65. Wt. 33 grs. [PI. I. 11.]
This specimen is restruck on a coin of Argos of the
period, B.C. 350-228 (Gardner, B. M. Cat. Peloponnesus, p.
6 The coin is poorly preserved : the reading on the obv. can
now be corrected by our new coin to
16 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
140/). On the obverse the forepart of the wolf 1. is clearly
seen, and on the reverse are remains of the large A with
letters above it and the incuse square. Polyrhenian coins
of this type are nearly always restruck, generally on money
of Argos (see Svoronos, Crete, pp. 278, 279). As is well
known, the slovenly practice of stamping Cretan types on
the coins of other countries (Gyrene, Argolis, &c.) prevailed
everywhere in the island, even when (as here) the dies
had been prepared by a capable engraver (Pythodorus).27
DELOS.
19. Obv.— Lyre.
Rev. — I AHA between the spokes of a wheel.
M. Size -35. Wt. 5 grs. [PI. I. 12.]
A specimen of this scarce coin was in the collection of
Mr. H. P. Borrell, who described it (without an illustra-
tion) in the Num. Chron. V. p. 175. The date may
possibly be earlier than circ. B.C. 480, though certainly
later than the coins with obv. A and lyre (rev. incuse
square) attributed by Sir Hermann Weber to Delos.28 The
wheel is a remarkable type for Delos, and BorrelPs asser-
tion that it refers to the worship of Apollo requires proof.
It might be worth while to bring together and discuss the
various wheel-types that occur on coins.
AMISUS (PONTUS).
20. Obv.— CABEINA CEBACTH Head of Sabina r.,
draped.
Rev.~ AMICOVEAEVOE PACETOVCPIZ (year
" 167," dating from era B.C. 31 = A.D. 136).
27 Cp. B. M. Cat., Crete, p. xxiv.
28 Num. Chron., 1892, p. 201; cp. Six, N.C., 1895, p. 179
(owl type).
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 17
Sabina as Homonoia (Concordia 29), wearing ste-
phane, chiton, and peplos, standing 1. ; in r.
hand, patera ; 1. arm rests on column.
M. Size -8. Wt. 38'6. [PI. II. 6.]
LAMPSACUS (MYSIA).
21. Obv. — Head of bearded Priapus r., wreathed with ivy ;
border of dots.
Rev.— A A M* A r. ; in exergue, [A]HMHTPIoVToV
[K]HINinN 1. [AHJMHTPIoVToV
. KAAo -
Apollo Citharoedus standing r. ; in r., plectrum ; in
1., lyre; in field 1., W; in field r., bow and
arrow.
JR. Size 1-1. Wt. 245-9 grs. 30 [PI. II. 1 obv.]
Tetradrachms of this type (doubtless struck soon after
the battle of Magnesia, B.C. 190) are still rare. Yet it is
probable that there was a not inconsiderable issue, as
extant specimens give us the names of four different magi-
strates, each with the patronymic.31
DARDANUS (TROAD).
22. obv.— AVKAiAcenr CGOVHPOCTT Bust of
Sept. Severus r., laur., wearing paludamentum
and cuirass ; before head, countermark, female
figure 1.
Rev.— eniAPX AVPH . . . K[or N ?]OV Bull r.
approaching lighted altar, before which stands r.
a draped figure holding in r. patera ; in 1. staff
(?) resting on shoulder ; behind altar, tall column,
29 Cp. Cohen, Monn. imp. ii., p. 248 (Roman coins of Sabina
with " Concordia " types).
30 Struck on a somewhat thick flan, too small for the die.
31 Brit. Mas. Cat., Mysia, " Lampsacus," No. 68; Babelon,
Invent. Waddington, Nos. 884, 885.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERTES. D
18 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
on which a bird (eagle ?) is seated 1. ; in ex.,
AAPAANI
M. Size 1-45. [PI, II. 8 rev.]
This rare coin is probably identical with one published
in Yaillant's Numismata Graeca (= Mion. II. p. 656, No.
180), p. 81, with engraving in the appendix : — Reverse.
11 ETTIAPX <NAI TTTTOY in ex., AAPAANIH N Aquila
supra columnam, ad cujus imum ara ignita, ante quam
sacerdos succinctus d. pateram, humero sinistro baculum ;
prope taurus."
The reading <|>IAITTTTOY is, I think, to be suspected.
On our coin AVPH (occupying the same position as Yail-
lant's <|>IAI) is certain, though the rest of the legend is
doubtful. The type may perhaps be explained as a sacri-
fice to Zeus by the Emperor.
Cos.
23. Olv.— <t>AVCT€INA [C6BAC0GAOY]32 Bust of
Faustina the younger r., draped ; head bare.
Rev. — Kill UN Female figure standing 1. ; r. hand
extends patera to serpent coiled round altar ; in
outstretched 1. hand, wreath.
M. Size 1-2. [PL II. 9.]
(Purchased, Sale at Sotheby's, 13 March, 1899, lot 146.)
The bracketed portion of the legend is somewhat obscure,
but probably reads as given above. The Latin equivalent
would be " Faustina Augusta divi Antonini filia."
The reverse type is not the usual representation of
Hygieia (as seen, e.g., in Brit. Mus. Cat., Caria, '* Cos,"
32 2e/3aor?7 6eov ' Avrwveivov Ovyaryp. Cp. OYP On coins of
Faustina II of Alexandria (B. M. Cat., No. 1322).
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 19
No. 246), but may be described as Faustina herself in the
character of Hygieia, or rather of Salus. The Roman
money of Faustina of the " Salus " type shows the ser-
pent coiled round an altar as here (Cohen, Med. imp.,
Faustina II, No. 195 f.).
MAGYDUS (PAMPHYLIA).
24. Obv.— AYTKAICA[q?] AMTflMI HOC Head of
M. Aurelius r., laur.
Rev. — MATYA6 fl M Athena, wearing helmet and
chiton, standing to front, looking 1. ; in r., Nike
with wreath; in 1., spear supporting shield;
before her, serpent ; in field, 1., K.
M. Size -75.
I take this opportunity of giving a list (rather fuller
than any yet published) of the numerals that appear on
the coins of Magydus.33 Specimens from Domitian to
Gallienus are marked with numerals that form a pro-
gressive series through the period in which they occur.
The peculiarity (as Waddington has pointed out) is that
these numerals do not indicate regular intervals : they are
not regnal years, nor do they belong to any regular era.
Waddington suggests that the coins were struck on the
occasion of public games which took place at varying
intervals. Another alternative would be to suppose that
the numbers represent successive issues of the coinage, but
it seems unlikely that different coinages would be indi-
cated by a running number covering such a long period as
that from Domitian to Gallienus. It may be noted that a
33 For previous lists see Waddington, Voy* en As. Min.,
p. 91 ; Imhoof-Blumer, Griech. Munzen, p. 680 ; Hill, B. M.
Cat., Lycia, &c., p. Ixxvii.
20
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
frequent though, not invariable type on the numbered coins
is Athena Nikephoros.
Numerals on Coins of Magydus.
Domitian
Trajan
Hadrian
Antoninus Pius
M. Aurelius
L. Verus
Commodus
Crispina
Sept. Severus
J. Domna
Caracalla, Geta
Macrinus
Elagabalus
Sev. Alexander
Maximinus I
Gordian I— III
Philip, jun.
Trajan Decius
Treb. Gallus
Volusian
Valerian I
Gallienus
Salonina
IB (W.)34
I A (B.M.); 16 (W.)35
IH (W.) .
10 (B.M.)
K(B.M.)36
K (W.)
K (Loebbecke, Z. f. N., xii.
326) ; KA (B.M.)37
KA (W.)
KB (Imhoof, op. cit.)
KB (B.M.)
KA (W.) ; KS (W.)
K0 (B.M.)
AA (W.)
A€ (W.); AZ (W.)
AH (W.)
AH (W.)
A0 (B.M.) ; MA (B.M.)
A0 (W.)
Without attempting a minute analysis of this list, I may
point out that the coins with K must have been struck at
34 "W = Waddington Collection, see Babelon's Inventaire,
p. 181 f. B.M. = Brit. Mus. On the coin of Domitian in the
Brit. Mus., H has been doubtfully read (Hill, Cat., Lycia, p. 115,
No. 1), but this numeral is very obscure, and is one that is
unlikely to occur under Domitian. Probably it is IB-
16 Hill, op. cit., p. Ixxvii., gives also IB ?
36 Leake, Num. Hell., Sup., p. 68, gives a coin of Aurelius
with KZ. There is probably some mistake in the description.
37 Brit. Mus., acquired in 1898. On obv., AVTKAIA-
OC. Head of young Commodus r.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 21
some time in the period 12th October, 166 — January 169.
For K occurs on the coins of M. Aurelius, L. Yerus, and
Commodus, and cannot be later than January, 169, the date
of the death of Yerus, nor can it be earlier than October,
166, when Commodus became Caesar. KA occurs both on
coins of Commodus and Crispina. It cannot be earlier
than A.D. 178, the date of Crispina's marriage, nor later
than 182, the date of her banishment.38
The numbers KA, K9 (and no doubt also a no longer
extant K6), are remarkable as occurring in the short reign
of Macrinus, i.e., between llth April, 217, and July, 218.
ANTIOCHIA (PISIDIA).
25. Obv.— IMPCAESMANTGORDIANVSAV Bust
of Gordian III r., radiate,, wearing paludamentum
and cuirass.
Rev.— FORTVNACOL CCESANTIOC In
exergue, A3I ; in field, S R Fortuna of
Antioch, wearing chiton, peplos, and modius,
seated r. on rock ; r. hand rests on knee •. 1.
holds ears of corn ; at her feet, river-god
'(Anthios) swimming r.
M. Size 1-15. [PI. II. 11. rev.]
The " Fortuna " or " Genius " of Antioch is represented
on other coins of the city as a standing female figure
holding branch and cornucopise,39 or as sacrificing in a
temple.40 In this case the representation resembles the
famous group by Eutychides of the Tyche of the Syrian
Antioch and the Orontes.41
38 For these dates see Klebs, Prosopographia, Pt. i., p. 242.
39 Hill, Cat. Lycia, pp. 180, 181, PI. XXXI. 7.
40 Babelon, Invent. Waddington, No. 3,605, PL VIII. 2.
41 Wroth, Cat. Galatia, p. Ixi.
22 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
The reverse legend appears to be blundered. COL C
perhaps = COLO(niae). CES = CAESABIAE.42 AN-
TIOC with the letters in the exergue may be intended
for ANTIOCHIAE.
COLBASSA (PlSIDIA).
26. Obv.— AV KAI[CAP?] ANTnNGIN[OC?] Head
of Antoninus Pius r., laur.
jfeVm — KO ABA CGflN Men, wearing short chiton,
Phrygian cap, and crescent at shoulder, standing
1. ; in outstretched r., patera ; 1. hand on long
sceptre.
M. Size -7. [PL II. 12 rev.]
The coins of Colbassa 43 are rare, and the present
specimen is unpublished. The following (all -ZE) are now
known : —
Antoninus Pius.
Eev.-~ KOABACGHN Apollo standing. Paris.
(Invent, W aldington, No. 3,671.)
^t,._KOABAC€jQN Men. Brit. Mus. (See No.
26, supra.)
Sept. Severus.
Rev. — KOABACGHN Dionysos standing. Berlin.
(Dressel, Z.f. N., xxi., p. 223.)
Severus Alexander.
Rev.— KOABACC6HN "Ares debout." Paris.
(Invent. Waddington, No. 3,672.)44
42 Cp. Babelon, op. cit., No. 3,606.
43 Ramsay, Cities and Bishoprics, i., 327; Hill, Cat. Lycia,
p. cxi.
44 Cp. Huber's specimen in Berl. Blatter, ii., 184 ; sold at
Huber Sale, London, Sotheby's, 1862, lot 667, fig. 667, and
purchased by Curt, the coin-dealer, for £8 10s.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 23
J. Mamaea.
^.— KOABACCeilN Star in crescent. Paris.
(Babelon, Eev. Num., 1893, p. 339.)
On the earlier coins the spelling with one C seems to
be the rule, as in the Ko\/3ao-ci of Hierocles. The star and
crescent may be explained as referring to Men.
POGLA (PISIDIA).
27. Qbv.— AVK . TT. Al . TAAIHNOE (sic}. Bust of
Gallienus r., laur., wearing paludamentum and
cuirass.
Rev. — TTfir A€.QN Distyle arched shrine, contain-
ing simulacrum of the Pergaean Artemis.
M. Size -85.
The latest coin of Pogla previously known was of
Trebonianus Gallus (Hill, Cat. Lycia, &c., p. xcviii.).
SELEUCIA (PISIDIA).
(CLAUDIO - SELEUCIA.)
28. Obv.— 4>OVA . TTAA VTIA . C6B Bust of Plau-
tilla r.
Eev.— KAAVAIOC GACVKGIIN Hygieia, wearing
chiton and peplos, standing r. ; r. hand holds
serpent, which she feeds from vase held in her
1. hand. (Cp. Mion., Sup., vii., p. 129, No. 185,
from Vaillant.)
M. Size -8. [PI. II. 10.]
YERBE (PISIDIA).
29. Obv.— AVKMAV ANTniSIINO C Bust of Cara-
calla r., laur.
Eev. — OV6PBI ANUN Young Dionysos, wearing
chlamys and boots, standing 1. ; in r., kantharos;
1. supports thyrsos ; before him, panther.
M. Size 1. [PI. II. 13 rev.]
24 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
30. Obv.— AVKMANT TOPAIANOC Bust of Gor-
dian III r., laur., wearing paludamentum and
cuirass.
Eev.—OVCPB\ AN.QN Tyche, wearing chiton,
peplos and modius, standing 1. ; in r., rudder ;
in 1., cornucopiae.
M. Size -95.
The coinage of Verbe,45 which some years ago was
almost unknown, is now proving to be somewhat exten-
sive. Caracalla and Gfordian III are unpublished em-
perors. Dionysos occurs on coins of Commodus45 and
Philip jun. (Brit. Mus. Cat.), and Tyche on a coin of
Domna.
DEMETRIUS II, NICATOR, OP SYRIA.
B.C. 130-125 (Second Reign).
31. Qbv, — Head of Demetrius II, r., bearded ; wears diadem ;
bead and reel border.
fe;.— BAZIAE.QZ The so-called "monument of
AHMHTPloY Sardanapalus " ; in field 1.,
OEoY A! , Pi
NIKAToPoZ
M. Size 1-2. Wt. 257 grs. [PL I. 13.]
This very rare tetradrachm is similar to the specimen
in Brit. Mus. Cat., Seleucid Kings, p. 78, No. 22, PL xxi.,
6, but is in much finer preservation. The reverse type
has been discussed by Imhoof-Blumer, Journ. Hellenic
Studies, xviii. (1898), p. 169 f., and by Hill, Brit. Mus.
Cat., Cilicia, p. Ixxxv. f. (Cp. Babelon, Rois de Syrie, p.
clvi. f.)
45 See Hill, B.M. Cat. Lycia, &c., p. xcvii. Cp. N.C. 1863,
p. 104.
16 Babelon, Rev. Num., 1893, p. 342; Inventaire Waddington,
No. 4,035.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 25
CLEOPATRA AND ANTIOOHUS VIII ((TRYPUS) OF SYRIA.
B.C. 125-121.
32. Obv. — Heads, r., jugate, of Cleopatra, wearing diadem,
stephane, and veil, and of Antiochus VIII, wear-
ing diadem ; bead and reel border.
Zfc?;.— [BA]ZIAIZZH[Z] "Monument of Sardana-
[K1AEOTTATPAZ palus"; infield, 1., Pfl;
KAI in exergue, ^^
BAZIAEHZ
ANTIoXoV
M. Size 1-1. Wt. 256-6 grs. [PI. I. 14.]
The usual reverse type of Cleopatra and Antiochus is
an eagle, or the seated Zeus.
HEROD PHILIP II (TETRARCH).
33. O^.-TIBEPIOECEBACTOEKAICAP Head of
Tiberius r., bare ; in front, branch of laurel.
^.-Eni4>l[AinnOYTE]TP APXOYKTIC
Tetrastyle temple r., between the columns of
which L A A = year 34 = A.D. 30-31.
M. Size -8. .[PI. II. 14.]
A comparison of this specimen with the coins of Herod
Philip II described in Madden* s Coins of the Jews, p.
123 f., will show that it is new in several respects. The
date " 34 " fills part of the gap between " 33 " and " 37,"
the years hitherto known. The usual inscription is <!>! A I fl-
TETPAPXOY, without the addition of EH I.
is also a new epithet, referring to the founda-
tion or refoundation of a city in Philip's tetrarchy, pos-
sibly Julias (Beth-saida), but more probably Caesar ea
Philippi (the older Caesarea Panias).47
47 Cp. B. M. Cat. Galatia, p. Ixxx.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. E
26 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
PTOLEMY I.
34. Olv. — Head of Alexander the Great r., with horn of
Ammon, elephant's skin and aegis ; border of
dots.
Rev. — PToAEMAloY Athena Alkis r. ; in front, eagle
r. on thunderbolt ; behind, caduceus ; border of
dots.
M. (thick fabric). Size 1. Wt. 242'5 grs.
[PI. I. 15.]
This coin was lot 821 in the Hoffmann Sale, Paris,
1898. It is remarkable for reading PToAEMAloY
instead of AAEZANAPoY, usual on the money of
these types, and must have been issued between B.C. 311,
the date of the death of Alexander IV., and B.C. 305,
when Ptolemy assumed the regal title.
WARWICK WROTH.
II.
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND GOLD RINGS AT SULLY,
NEAR CARDIFF.
(See Plate III.)
THE find of Roman gold and silver coins and gold rings,
of which an account is here given, was made in October
of last year at Sully, near Cardiff. The following par-
ticulars respecting the discovery of the find were com-
municated by H.M. Treasury, when its contents were
forwarded to the British Museum as treasure-trove for
examination ; and further information was supplied to
the Western Mail by Mr. John Storrie, of Cardiff, into
whose hands the greater portion of the hoard passed
shortly after its being unearthed.
From information supplied to H.M. Treasury by the
Coroner of the district, it appears that on the 17th Octo-
ber last, whilst a labourer, named Jezer Long, was digging
foundations for the Armstrong Pioneer Syndicate Com-
pany on the Sully Moors, near Cardiff, he turned up an
old metal vessel, which he found to contain many Roman
coins and jewellery. The vessel, which was 4^ inches
in height, broke under his spade. Long was working
with a mate, and at the time there were two other men
watching them. As soon as he struck the find, Long
fell bodily upon it and at once began to fill his pockets.
He took all the gold articles, he believed ; but one of the
28 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
onlookers, a bricklayer, also in the service of the Com-
pany, got possession of a gold ring. This man is now
employed by the Company in Paris. Subsequently Long
got into communication with Mr. John Storrie, of 104,
Frederick Street, Cardiff, the local antiquary, who gave
him £18 18s. for his treasure-trove. About 20 or 30
feet from the place where the treasure was found a human
skull was unearthed. A portion of the hoard, consisting
of a gold ring, a gold coin, and 21 other coins in silver,
came into the possession of the steward of the Lord of
the Manor, who claimed them for his master. On the
coroner deciding that these objects were also treasure-
trove, they were given up, and forwarded, with the other
portion of the find, to H.M. Treasury, and from thence
they came to the British Museum.
A few days after Mr. Storrie got possession of his
portion of the hoard he sent a communication to the
Western Mail under date 26 October, 1899, of which
the following are the chief points. After giving a de-
scription of the district in which the coins and rings
were found, he says, " A faint rumour got my length
that old coins had been found somewhere. I spent the
day in endeavouring to trace the origin of the rumour,
and had given up the attempt, as I have had to do in
many other instances, when a visitor entered my office.
Instantly, before he had spoken, although I had never
seen him or he me, I knew he knew what he knew, as
the saying is ; so it is needless to describe the bargain-
ing between two men, who want each to get some advan-
tage over the other. The share of three of the men out
of the four who had found the coins and rings came into
my possession, the fourth man having taken himself off
to Liverpool. I am now endeavouring to trace this por-
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 29
tion of the hoard and the missing man. My reason for
doing so is that, unless immediate action is taken, when
one of these finds occurs, the things get scattered, and
no record is kept ; so that the lesson they may teach is
lost. I have noted to the authorities my possession of
treasure-trove in this case, and will how keep it till
it is safely placed in some public collection, where all
such finds should go." Mr. Storrie then gives a long
description of the coins and rings, accompanied by some
very fair illustrations of the more important pieces. The
portion of the hoard secured by Mr. Storrie consisted of
280 silver and 4 gold Roman coins and 3 gold rings.
By his prompt and very commendable action Mr. Storrie
has enabled us to place on record one of the most in-
teresting finds of Roman coins and rings which has been
made in recent times, and thus the object which he had
in view has been attained.
The following is a summary of the find. It has not been
considered necessary, in this communication to the
Society, to keep separate the coins and rings secured by
Mr. Storrie from those which were obtained by the steward
of the Lord of the Manor.
GOLD COINS,
Diocletian . .. Aureus
Maximian Herculius . „
SILVER COINS,
Marcus Aurelius . Denarius . . 1
Septimius Severus . ,, . .5
Julia Domna . . ,, . .6
Caracalla . . . „ . .12
„ Antoninianus . 1
Carried forward . 25
30
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Antoniniani
Brought forward .
Geta . . . Denarius .
Macrinus . . . Antoninianus
Elagabalus . . Denarii
„ . . Antoniniani
Julia Paula . . Denarii
Julia Soaemias .
Julia Maesa
Severus Alexander
Orbiana
Maximinus I
Julia Mamaea .
Gordian III
Philip 'l .
Otacilia Severa .
Philip II .
Trajan Decius .
Etruscilla .
Herenmus Etruscus
Trebonianus Gallus
Volusian .
Valerian I .
Gallienus .
Salonina .
Saloninus .
Valerian II
Postumus .
Carausius .
Uncertain .
Denarius
25
1
1
20
3
2
3
2
27
1
5
6
1
43
19
3
5
10
1
4
10
4
7
36
15
20
7
18
1
1
— 301
Besides the above, there were the four gold rings, and
I would further add to the number of gold coins two
others — the double aureus of Diocletian, No. 1 in the des-
criptions, and the aureus of Maximian Herculius, No. 4,
which have come under my notice, and which, from in-
formation recently received, I have every reason to suppose
formed a portion of the hoard.1
1 In addition to these, fifteen silver pieces have also been
reported as having been in the hoard. They are as follows : —
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 31
The list shows that the gold coins and those of silver
belong to separate periods. With one exception, that of
Carausius, the silver coins range from A.D. 180 (the year
of the 84th tribuneship of Marcus Aurelius), to circ. A.D.
267, the last year of the reign of Postumus, supposing
some of his undated coins to have been struck as late as
that year. The gold coins range from A.D. 286 to about
A.D. 306, if we are right in supposing that one of
those of Maximian may have been issued after the re-
signation of Diocletian, in A.D. 305. It is quite easy to
account for the coins of the two metals being of distinct
periods. The original owner of the hoard, who concealed
it in the earth, must have desired only to possess coins
and other objects of the finer metals, and in this manner
the baser pieces which were current after A.D. 267 were
excluded from his treasure.
As the majority of the silver coins are of the later part
of the first half of the third century they are chiefly
antoniniani, which, as is well known, were first struck
under Caracalla ; but of this Emperor the hoard con-
tained only a single specimen. These pieces are distin-
guished from the denarii in being of larger size, in
showing the Emperor wearing a radiate crown, whilst
Severus Alexander, as No. 78 ; Gordian III, as Nos. 93,
116 ; Valerian I, (i) Rev.— ORIENS AVGG. Sol running 1.,
holding whip (Cohen, No. 135) ; (ii) SALVS AVGG. Salus
feeding serpent and holding sceptre (Cohen, No. 196); Gal-
lienus, as Nos. 167, 170; and (i) Rev.— FIDES MILITVM.
Eagle standing on globe between two standards (Cohen, No.
249) ; and (ii) Rev.—VIRT . GALLIENI AVG. Emperor,
armed with spear and shield, striding to r. over fallen captive
(Cohen, No. 1206); Salonina, as No. 175; Saloninus, as No 180;
Postumus, as Nos. 193, 195 ; and (i) Rev.— VLRTVS EQVIT.
Soldier walking r. with spear and shield; in exergue, T. (Cohen,
No. 440).
32 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
under the bust of the Empress is a crescent. The single
coin of Carausius having a laureate head shows a return
to the denarius class.
Following a very good precedent, I now append a more
detailed account of the hoard. With the exception of
the denarius of Carausius, the reverse types only of the
silver pieces are given, with references to the second
edition of Cohen's Medailles Imperials, any varieties
not recorded by Cohen being specially noted. Of the
gold coins, however, full descriptions of both obverse and
reverse type are supplied, together with the weight in
grains troy, of each piece.
GOLD.
DIOCLETIAN.
Double Aureus.
Cohen. No.
1. Obv.—IMP. C. G. VAL. DIOCLETIANVS
P. F. AVG. Bust of Diocletian r.,
with radiate crown and slight drapery
over his shoulders. Rev.— PEEPETVA
FELICITAS AVGG. (in exergue) P. R.
Jupiter standing 1., places his r. foot on
the back of a kneeling captive : he holds
in his r. hand a thunderbolt, resting his
arm on his knee, and with his 1. hand he
leans on a sceptre : Victory advances
towards him, and offers him a globe with
both hands. Wt. 199-2 grs. Unpub-
lished. [PL HI. 1.] . . . . — I .
Aureus.
2. Ol>v.— IMP. C. G. VAL. DIOCLETIANVS
P. F. AVG. Bust of Diocletian r.,
laureate, wearing cuirass and mantle on
1. shoulder. Eev.—IOVI CONSERVAT.
AVGG. (in exergue) P. E. Jupiter stand-
ing 1., his mantle hanging down behind,
holding thunderbolt. Wt. 81 '8 grs.
[PL III. 2.] 208 1
— — 2
Carried forward 2
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 33
Brought forward ...... 2
MAXIMIAN HERCULIUS.
Aurei.
Cohen. No.
3. Obv.— IMP. 0. M. AVE. VAL. MAXIMIA-
NVS P. F. AVG. Bust of Maximian r.,
with radiate crown, and wearing paluda-
mentum and cuirass. Rev. — 10 VI CON-
SEE VAT. AVGG. Jupiter standing 1.,
his mantle hanging down behind, holding
thunderbolt and sceptre. Wt. 86 '5 grs.
[PI. III. 3.] . . 348 1
4. Similar ; but the bust less draped, the paluda-
mentum showing on 1. shoulder only, and
on the reverse in the exergue S. M. T.
Wt. 80-5 grs. [PI. III. 4.] ... 1
5. Obv.— MAXIMIANVS AVGVSTVS. Head
of Maximian r., laureate. Rev. P. M.
TE. P. P.P. Armed figure, Maxen-
tius(?), standing 1. between four standards,
two on either side ; spear in 1. hand.
Wt. 102-0 grs. [PI. III. 5.] . .467 1
6. Obv.— VIETVS MAXIMIANI AVG. Bust
of Maximian r., laureate, wearing cuirass,
and holding one spear in r. hand and two
spears and shield in 1. .Rev.— VIETVS
AVGG. ; (in exergue) P. E. Hercules r.
strangling the lion ; behind him, club.
Wt. 91-0 grs. [PI. III. 6.] . . . 591 1
7. Olv.— MAXIMIANVS AVG. Head of Maxi-
mian r., laureate. Rev.— VIETVS AVGG. ;
(in exergue) TE. Hercules r., seizing
stag by the horns. Wt. 87 '0 grs. [PI.
III. 7.] . . • . . . . 596 1
— 5
SILVEE. =
MARCUS AURELIUS.
Denarius.
8. P. M. TE. P. XXXIIII. IMP. X. COS. III.
P.P. Fortuna seated 1., holding rudder
and cornucopise ..... 972 1
— 1
Carried forward I
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. F
34 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Brought forward ...... 1
SEPTIMIUS SEVERTJS.
Denarii.
Cohen. No.
9. FVNDATOE PACIS. Emperor 1., veiled,
holding branch and book . . . 203 1
10. P. M. TE. P. II. COS. II. P. P. Jupiter
seated L, holding Victory and sceptre .379 1
11. P. M. TE. P. XIIII. COS. III. P. P.
Abundantia standing L, holding ears of
corn and cornucopias ; at her feet, modius 476 1
12. EESTITVTOE VEBIS. Eoma seated L,
holding palladium, and sceptre . .606 1
13. VICT. AVGG. COS. II. P. P. Victory
walking L, holding wreath and palm . 694 1
— 5
JULIA DOMNA.
Denarii.
14. DIANA LVCIFEEA. Diana standing 1.,
holding torch 27 1
15. FECVNDITAS. Fecunditas seated r., nurs-
ing Geta ; Caracalla standing before her . 42 1
16. IVNO. Juno standing L, holding patera and
sceptre ; at her feet, peacock ... 82 1
17. LAETITIA. Laetitia standing L, holding
wreath and rudder .... 101 1
18. PIETAS PVBLICA. Pietas standing 1.,
before altar, both hands raised . .156 1
19. VESTAE SANCTAE. Vesta standing 1.,
holding patera and sceptre . . . 246 1
— 6
CARACALLA.
Denarii.
20. DESTINAT. IMPEEAT. Sacrificial instru-
ments with bucranium in centre 53 1
21. FELICITAS AVGG. Felicitas standing 1.,
holding caduceus and cornucopias . .61 1
Carried forward . 2 12
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 35
Cohen. No.
Brought forward 2 12
22. INDVLGENTIA AVGG. IN. CAETH.
Carthage seated on lion, galloping r. ;
behind, rock 97 1
23. MAETI PEOPVGNATOEI. Mars walking
1., holding spear and trophy . . .150 1
24. MAETI VLTOEI. Mars walking r., holding
spear and trophy . . . . .154 1
25. PAET. MAX. PONT. TE. P. III'I. Trophy
and captives . . . . . .175 1
26. P. M. TE. P. XV. COS. III. P. P. Sarapis
standing 1., holding spear .' . .195 1
27. P. M. TE. P. XVIII. COS. IIII. P. P.
Aesculapius standing towards 1., holding
serpent-staff; globe at his feet . .302 1
28. PONTIF. TE. P. X. COS. II. Caracalla
standing r. , holding spear and parazonium ;
foot on helmet 440 1
29. SECVEITAS PEEPETVA. Pallas standing
towards 1., holding shield and spear . 566 2
30. SECVEIT. OEBIS. Securitas seated r.,
holding sceptre ; before her, altar . . 574 1
Antoninianus.
31. P. M. TE. P. XVIII. COS. IIII. P.P. Jupiter
standing r., holding thunderbolt and
sceptre 278 1
— 13
G-ETA.
Denarius.
32. SECVEIT. IMPEEII. Securitas seated 1.,
holding globe 183 1
— 1
MACEINUS.
A ntoninianus.
33. IOVI CONSEEVATOEI. Jupiter standing
1., holding thunderbolt and sceptre ;
before him, Emperor .... 38 1
— 1
Carried forward . . 27
00 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Brought forward . . . . . .27
ELAGABALTJS.
Denarii.
Cohen. No.
31. ABVNDANTIA AVG. Abundantia stand-
ing I., emptying her cornucopise ; behind
her, star . .... 1 1
35. CONCOEDIA MILIT. Four standards .15 1
36. CONSVL. I'. P. P. Aequitas standing 1.,
holding scales and cornucopias . .21 1
37. INVICTVS SACEEDOS AVG. Elagabalus
standing 1. before altar, holding patera
and club ; near altar, bull ; before Em-
peror, star ...... 61 2
38. LAETITIA PYBL. Laetitia standing 1.,
holding wreath and rudder ... 70 1
39. PAX AYGVSTI. Pax walking 1., holding
branch and sceptre . . . .120 2
40. P. M. TE. P. III. COS. III. P. P. Sol
running 1., holding whip . . .153 2
41. P. M. TE. P. IIII. COS. II. P. P. Victory
1., holding wreath; at her feet, two
shields ...... 194 1
42. P. M. TE. P. IIII. COS. II. P. P. Elaga-
balus sacrificing at altar ; branch in 1.
hand; before him, star .... 196 1
43. P. M. TE. P. V. COS. IIII. P. P. Similar
type . 213 1
44. PEOYID. DEOEVM. Providentia standing
1., holding staff and cornucopise; globe at
her feet 242 1
45. SACEE. DEI SOLIS ELAGAB. Elaga-
balus standing r. and sacrificing before
an altar ...... 246 1
46. SYMMVS SACEEDOS AYG. Elagabalus
holding patera and branch, standing 1.
and sacrificing at altar ; before him, star 276 1
47. TEMPOEYM FEL. Felicitas standing 1.,
holding patera and caduceus . . .278 1
Carried forward . . 17 27
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 37
Cohen. No.
Brought forward 17 27
48. TEMPOEVM FELICITAS. Felicitas stand-
ing 1., holding caduceus and cornucopiae . 282 . 1
49. VICTOEIA AVQ. Victory flying 1., holding
fillet ; before her, star ; at her feet, two
shields '299 1
50. Similar ; but star behind Victory . . 1
Antoniniani.
51. FIDES MILITVM. Fides Banding facing,
holding two standards 39 1
52. P. M. TE. P. COS. II. P. P. Eoma seated
1., holding Victory and spear . . .138 1
53. VICTOE. ANTONINI AVGL Victory walk-
ing r., holding wreath and palm . ,291 1
— 23
JULII PAULA.
Denarii.
54. CONCOEDIA. Concordia seated 1., holding
patera; before her, star ... 6 1
55. VENVS GENETEIX. Venus seated 1.,
holding globe and sceptre . . .21 1
— 2
JULIA SOAEMIAS.
Denarii.
56. VENVS CAELESTIS. Venus standing 1.,
holding apple and sceptre; on r., star . 10 1
57. VENVS CAELESTIS. Venus seated 1.,
holding apple and sceptre . . .14 2
— 3
JULIA MAESA.
Denarii.
58. PVDICITIA. Pudicitia seated 1., holding
sceptre . .. . . .36 1
59. SAECVLI FELICITAS. Felicitas standing
1., sacrificing at altar and holding cadu-
ceus ; on r., star . . . ,^ 45 1
— • 2
Carried forward ....... 57
38 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Brought forward ....... 57
SEVERUS ALEXANDER.
Denarii.
Cohen. No.
60. AEQVITAS AVG. Aequitas standing 1.,
holding scales and cornucopise ..91
61. ANNONA AVG. Annona standing 1.,
holding ears of corn and cornucopise; be-
fore her, modius . . . . 28 3
62. FIDES MILITVM. Fides standing 1. , hold-
ing two standards ..... *2 1
63. Similar, Fides seated . . . .51 1
64. IOYI CONSEEVATOEI. Jupiter standing
1., holding thunderbolt and sceptre; before
him, Emperor ..... 73 1
65. MAETI PACIFEEO. Mars standing 1. , hold-
ing branch and reversed spear . .173 1
66. P. M. TE. P. COS. P. P. Same type. . 207 1
67. P. M.;TE. P. II. COS. P. P. Salus seated
1., feeding serpent, rising from altar . 239 2
68. P. M. TE. P. II. COS. P. P. Pax standing
1., holding branch and sceptre. . . 236 1
69. P. M. TE. P. III. COS. P. P. Emperor
standing L, holding globe and reversed
spear 256 2
70. P. M. TE. P. III. COS. P. P. Pax standing
1., holding branch and sceptre . . 254 I
71. P. M. TE. P. III. COS. P. P. Salus seated
1., feeding serpent, rising from altar . 255 1
72. P. M. TE. P. IIII. COS. P. P. Mars walk-
ing r., holding spear and trophy . . 260 1
73. P. M. TE. P. V. COS. II. P. P. Pax stand-
ing 1., holding branch and sceptre . . 281 1
74. P. M. TE. P. Y. COS. II. P. P. Emperor
standing 1., sacrificing at altar; book in
1. hand ... . . 289 1
75. P. M. TE. P. VI. COS. II. P. P. Aequitas
standing 1., holding scales and cornucopias. 312 1
Carried forward 20 57
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 39
Cohea. No.
Brought forward 20 57
76. P. M. TR. P. VIIII. COS. III. P. P. Sol
standing towards 1. , holding globe . .387 2
77. PROVIDENTIAAVG. Providentia standing
1., holding staff over globe and in 1. hand
sceptre ...... 512 1
78. VICTORIA AVG. Victory walking r., hold-
ing wreath and palm .... 560 1
79. Similar : Victory to 1. . . . .563 1
80. VIRTVS AVQ-. Virtus standing r., holding
reversed spear and shield . . .575 2
— 27
OKBIANA.
Dtnariua.
81. CONCORDIA AVGG. Concordia seated 1.,
holding patera and double cornucopise . 1 1
— 1
JULIA MAMAEA.
^Denarii.
82. IVNO CONSERVATRIX. Juno standing
1., holding patera and sceptre ; at her feet,
peacock ...... 35 2
83. VENVS VICTRIX. Venus standing 1., hold-
ing helmet and spear ; at her feet, shield . 76 1
84. VESTA. Vesta standing 1., holding palla-
dium and sceptre . . . . .81 2
85. Similar ; but Vesta holds patera and sceptre. 85 1
— 6
MAXIMINUS I.
Denarii.
86. PAX AVGVSTI. Pax standing 1., holding
branch and sceptre .... 37 1
87. P. M. TR. P. II. COS. P. P. Emperor lean-
ing on sceptre to 1., between two stand-
ards . . . . . . •!'.>: 55 1
Carried forward 2 91
40 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Cohen. No.
Brought forward . ... 2 91
88. PEOVIPENTIA AVG. Providentia stand-
ing 1., holding staff over globe and cornu-
copise ..... 75 2
89. VICTOEIAAVG. Victory walking r., hold-
ing wreath and palm . . . 99 1
— 5
GORDIAN III (PlUS).
Denarius.
90. IOVISSTATOE. Jupiter turned tor., hold-
ing sceptre and thunderbolt . . .113 1
Antoniniani.
91. AEQVITAS AVG. Aequitas standing 1.,
holding scales and cornucopias . .17 1
92. Similar ; but Aequitas holds patera instead
of scales : Obv. IMP. CAES. GOEDIA-
NVS PIYS AVG. Bust radiate and
draped to r. ..... 1
93. AETEENITATI AVG. Soldier standing 1.,
holding globe . . . . .41 1
94. CONCOEDIA AVG. Concordia seated 1.,
holding patera and double cornucopise . 53 1
95. Similar; but Olv. IMP. CAES M. ANT.
GOEDIANVSAVG .... 50 1
96. FELICIT. TEMP. Felicitas standing 1.,
holding caduceus and cornucopiae . .71 r
97. POET. EEDVX. Fortuna seated 1., holding
rudder and cornucopise . . . .97 3
98. FOETVNA EEDVX. Similar type and same
vbv. with radiate head .... 2
99. IOVI STATOEI. Jupiter naked, standing
to r., holding sceptre and thunderbolt . 109 3
100. LAETITIA AVG. N. Laetitia standing 1.,
holding wreath and anchor . . .121 5
101. OEIENS AVG. Sol standing towards 1.,
holding globe . . . . .167 1
Carried forward 21 96
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 41
Cohen. No.
Brought forward 21 96
102. PAX AVGVSTI. Pax standing 1., holding
branch and sceptre . . . .181 1
103. P. M. TR. P. II. COS. P. P. Emperor
veiled, sacrificing at altar, sceptre in 1.
hand . 216' 2
104. P. M. TR. P. II. COS. P. P. Pax standing
1., holding branch and sceptre . . 203 1
105. P. M. TR. P. III. COS. II. P. P. Em-
peror standing r., holding spear and globe.
Obv.— IMP. GORDIANVS PIVS PEL.
AVG. ... ... 242 1
106. P. M. TR. P. IIII. COS. II. P. P. Simi-
lar type 253 1
107. P. M. TR. P. V. COS. II. P. P. Apollo
seated 1., holding branch of laurel and
resting 1. arm on his lyre . ' . . 272 2
108. PROVID. AVG. Providentia standing
towards 1., holding staff over globe and
sceptre . ... . .296 3
109. PROVIDENTIA AVG. Providentia stand-
ing 1., holding globe and sceptre . . 302 2
110. SAECVLI FELICITAS. Emperor standing
r., holding spear and globe . . .319 1
111. SECVRIT. PERPET. Securitas leaning on
column and holding sceptre, standing
towards 1. . . . . . .327 1
112. SECVRITAS PERPETVA. Same type . 336 1
113. VICTORIA AETERNA. Victory standing
L, leaning on shield and holding palm . 353- 1
114. VIRTVS AVG. Virtus standing L, holding
shield and reversed spear . . .381 3
115. VIRTVS AVG. Mars standing L, holding
branch and spear ; at his feet, shield . 383 1
116. VIRTVTI AVGVSTI. Hercules standing,
leaning on his club .... 404 2
— 44
Carried forward ...... 140
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. G
42 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Brought forward ...... 140
PHILIP I.
Antoniniani.
Cohen. No.
117. AEQVITAS AVG. Aequitas standing 1.,
holding scales and cornucopise ..92
118. AETEENITAS AVGG. Elephant to 1. with
rider ....... 17 2
119. ANNONA AVaa. Annona holding ears
of corn above modius and cornucopise . 25 2
120. Same, but obv. legend IMP. PHILIPPVS
AVG. . . . 1
121. FELICITAS TEMP. Felicitas standing 1. ,
holding caduceus and cornucopise . . 43
122. FIDES MILIT. Fides standing L, between
two standards ..... 55 1
123. LAETIT. FVNDAT. Laetitia standing L,
holding wreath and rudder ... 80 1
124. PAX FVNDATA CVM PEESIS. Pax
standing L, holding branch and sceptre . 113 1
125. P. M. TE. P. II. COS. P. P. Philip seated
1., on curule chair, holding globe and
sceptre ...... 120 1
126. P. M. TU. P. II. GO'S. P. P. Pax standing
L, holding caduceus and cornucopia? .124 1
127. P. M. TE. P. IIII. COS. II. P. P. Pax
standing 1., holding caduceus and cornu-
copia) . . . . . . .136 1
128. EOMAE AETEENAE. Eoma seated L,
holding Victory and spear . . . 165 2
129. SAECVLAEES AVGG. Stag standing r.,
in exergue w . . . . . 182 1
130. VIETVS AVG. Virtus seated L, holding
branch and spear ..... 240 1
— 19
Curried forward 159
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 43
Brought forward 159
OTACILIA.
Antoniniani.
Cohen. No.
131. CONCOEDIA AVGG. Concordia seated 1.,
holding patera and cornucopias . .14 1
132. IVNO CONSEEVAT. Juno veiled, stand-
ing 1. , holding patera and sceptre 20 1
133. PVDICITIA AVG. Pudicitia seated 1.,
holding sceptre ... 53 1
— 3
PHILIP II.
Antoniniani.
134. PEINCIPI IVVENT. Philip standing 1.,
holding globe and spear ... 48 1
135. PEINCIPI IWENT. Philip standing 1.,
holding globe and spear; at his feet,
captive ...... 57 2
136. PEINCIPI IVVENT. Philip standing r.,
holding spear and globe, and accom-
panied by a soldier .... 59 1
137. PEINCIPI IVVENTVTIS. Philip stand-
ing 1., holding standard and reversed
spear . . , . . . .61 1
— 5
TRAJAN DECITJS.
Antoniniani.
138. ABVNDANTIA AVG. Abundaiitia stand-
ing r., emptying her cornucopiae ..22
139. ADVENTVS AVG. Emperor on horse-
back 1., holding sceptre ... 4 2
140. DACIA. Dacia standing 1., holding staff
surmounted by ass's head , . .13 2
141. Similar, but Dacia holds standard2 27 1
Carried forward . . . , . . 7 167
2 This coin is struck over a denarius of Maximinus I reading
VICTOEIA AVG., and with Victory r., holding palm and
wreath (Cohen, No, 99).
44 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Cohen. No.
Brought forward . ... 7 167
142. GENIVS EXEEC. ILLYEICIANI. Ge-
nius standing 1., holding patera and cor-
nucopise ; at his side, standard 3 .64 2
143. VBERITAS AVG. Uberitas standing 1.,
holding purse and cornucopise . .105 1
— 10
ETRUSCILLA.
Antoninianus.
144. PVDICITIA AVG. Pudicitia seated 1.,
holding sceptre . . . . .17 1
— 1
HERENNIUS ETKUSCUS.
Antoniniani.
145. PEINCIPI IVVENTVTIS. Apollo seated 1.,
holding branch and leaning on his lyre.
Obv.— Q. HEE. ETE. MES. DECIVS
NOB. C. Bust of Herennius radiate and
draped to r. Unpublished . . — 1
146. PEINCIPI IVVENTVTIS. Herennius
standing 1., holding small staff and spear 26 1
147. SPES PVBLICA. Spes walking 1., and
holding flower ..... 38 1
148. VICTOEIA AVG. Victory walking 1.,
holding wreath and palm. Obv.— HEEEN.
ETEV. MES. Q.V. DECIVS CAESAE.
Bust to r., radiate and draped. Unpub-
lished .... . — 1
4
TREBONIANTTS GALLUS.
Antoninianus.
149. ANNONA AVG. Abundantia standing r.,
her foot on prow, and holding rudder and
ears of corn . . . . .17 1
Carried forward 1 182
3 One of these is struck over a denarius of Geta ; but the type is
not traceable.
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 45
Cohen. No,
Brought forward . . . . 1 182
150. FE LICIT AS PYBLICA. Felicitas stand-
ing 1., holding caduceus and cornucopias 37 2
151. IVNO MAETIALIS. Juno seated L,
holding ears of corn and spear . 46 2
152. LIBEETAS AVGG. Libertas leaning on
column, standing 1., and holding cap and
sceptre . . . . .67 1
153'. PIETAS AVGG. Pietas, her both hands
raised, standing 1. before an altar 88 1
154. PEOVIDENTIA AVG. Providentia stand-
ing 1. , holding globe and sceptre . .103 1
155. VICTOEIA AYGG. Victory standing 1.,
holding wreath and palm . . .128 2
— 10
VOLTJSIAN.
Antoniniani.
156. CONCOEDIA AVGG. Concordia seated L,
holding patera and double cornucopise . 25 3
157. Similar, but Concordia standing 1. .20 1
VALERIAN I.
Antoniniani.
158. CONCOEDIA AVGG. Concordia standing
1., holding patera and double cornucopise 31 1
159. FELICITAS AVGG. Felicitas standing 1.,
holding caduceus and cornucopise 55 1
160. LIBEEALITAS AVGG. Liberalitas seated
1., holding tessera and cornucopise . .108 1
101. VICTOEIA AVGG. Victory standing 1.,
holding wreath and palm . . . 230 1
162. Similar, but different obverse legend . » 231 3
7
Carried forward . . . . 203
40 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Brought forward . . . . . .,, . 203
GALLIENUS.
Antoniniani.
Cohen. No.
163. CONCORDIA MILITVM. Concordia
standing 1., holding patera and cornu-
copise ....... 137 1
164. GERMANICVS MAX. V. Trophy, at the
base of which are seated two German
captives ... . 308 16
165. Similar, but bust to r., and holding sceptre
and shield . .... 310 2
166. PEOVID. AVGG. Providentia standing 1.,
holding staff and cornucopise . . . 868 1
167. VICT. GERMANICA. Victory standing 1.,
her foot on captive, holding wreath and
palm . .... 1049 4
168. Similar: but king's bust to 1., radiate and
holding spear and shield . . . 1047 1
169. VICT. GERMANIC A. Victory running r.,
holding wreath and palm . . . 1053 1
170. VICT. GERMANIC A. Victory r. , on globe
between two captives : she holds wreath
and trophy . . . . . . 1 062 4
171. VIRTVS AVGG. Virtus standing 1., hold-
ing shield and reversed spear . . 1284 1
172. VIRTVS AVGG. Gallienus standing r.,
holding spear and standard . . . 1309 5
— 36
SALONIKA.
Antoniniani.
173. FELICITAS PVBLICA. Felicitas seated
1., holding caduceus and cornucopiee . 50 2
174. PVDICITIA AVG. Pudicitia seated 1.,
holding sceptre . . 98 1
175. VENVS FELIX. Venus seated 1., holding
sceptre ; before her, child . . .115 1
Carried forward . 4 239
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 47
Cohen. No.
Brought forward 4 239
176. VENVS VICTBIX. Venus seated 1.,
holding helmet and sceptre; before her,
shield. Obv. SALONIKA AVG. Bust
to r., diademed, draped and with crescent. — 5
177. VENYS VICTBIX. Venus standing 1., hold-
ing apple and palm ; shield at her side .130 3
178. VESTA. Vesta standing 1., holding patera
and sceptre ...... 137 2
179. VESTA. Vesta seated 1., holding palladium
and sceptre ...... 142 1
— 15
SALONTNTJS.
Antoniniani i
180. IOVI CEESCENTI. Jupiter seated on goat
to r 26 14
181. PIETAS AVG-. Sacrificial implements . 41 4
182. Similar; but Obv. P. LIC. VALEEIANVS
CAES — 1
183. Similar; but Obv. D. N. VALEBIANVS
CAES — 1
— 20
VALEHIAN II.
Antoniniani.
184. DEO VOLEANO. Vulcan standing in
temple, holding hammer and pincers . 2 1
185. OEIENS AVGG. Sol walking 1., and hold-
ing whip ...... 6 6
— 7
POSTUMTJS.
Antoniniani.
186. CONCOED AEQVIT. Fortuna, herfoot on
prow, standing 1., holding patera and
rudder ....... 17 1
187. FELICITAS AVG. Felicitas standing 1.,
holding caduceus and cornucopise . 39 4
Carried forward 5 281
48 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Cohen. No.
Brought forward . . . . 5 281
188. FIDES MILITVM. Fides standing 1., hold-
ing two standards. Obv., IMP. 0. POS-
TVMVS P. F. AVG. Bust of Emperor
r., radiate and draped . . var. 67 1
189. HEEC. PACIFEEO. Hercules standing 1.,
holding branch and club . . .101 3
190. IOVI VICTOBI. Jupiter walking 1., hold-
ing thunderbolt and sceptre . . .161 1
191. MONETA AVG. Moneta standing 1., hold-
ing scales and cornucopiae . . .199 1
192. OEIENS AVG. Sol walking 1., holding
whip . ... 213 1
193. PAX AVG. Pax standing!,, holding branch
and sceptre ...... 215 1
194. Similar ; but PAX walking 1. . . .220 3
195. P. M. TE. P. COS. II. P. P. Postumus
standing 1., holding globe and spear . 243 1
196. VICTOEIAAVG. Victory walking!., hold-
ing wreath and palm ; captive at her feet .377 1
18
CARAUSIUS.
Denaiius.
197. EXPECTATE VENI, (in exergue) E. S. E.
Female figure, Fides (?), holding vexillum
in 1. hand and with r. grasping r. hand of
Carausius, who holds spear. Obv. IMP.
CAEAVSIVS P. F. AV. Bast of Carau-
sius to r., laureate, wearing paludamen-
tum and cuirass [PI. III. 8.] . 58 1
1
198. Uncertain denarius ..... 1
1
301
It will be seen from the above descriptions that, with
one exception, there is but little of special interest
amongst the silver coins. The types are of the most ordi-
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 49
nary character, generally representing some divinity with
his or her attributes; and the hoard is not sufficiently
large to show the degree of rarity of any particular type.
The few varieties which exist consist mainly of slight
differences in the obverse and reverse types or legends from
those given by Cohen. These differences have been noted
in each case. Thus : Nos. 92 and 105 of Gordian III
supply new obverse legends ; as also do No. 120 of Philip I
and Nos. 182 and 183 of Saloninus. No. 98 of Gordian III
and No. 188 of Postumus show the head of the Emperor
radiate instead of laureate. These last, I think, must be
only mis-descriptions of Cohen. There are only two new
varieties of reverse types : No. 145 of Herennius Etruscus
reading PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS for PRINC.
IYVENT., and No. 176 of Salonina with Venus Victrix
seated instead of standing. The only new type is that
of Herennius Etruscus, No. 148, with rev. VICTORIA
AVGf., and Victory with wreath and palm.
The antoniniani of Trajan Decius, Nos. 141 and 142
(one specimen), were struck on denarii of Maximinus I and
Geta, which shows that at that time the weight of the
antoninianus, originally current for about two denarii,
had fallen to that of the old denarius. It was, no doubt,
this fall in the weight of the antoninianus that caused
the cessation of the issue of the denarius, which was
then made use of for striking a coin of originally a
higher current value.
The antoninianus of Philip I, No. 124, with the legend
PAX FVNDATA CVM PERSIS, refers to the treaty
which that emperor had concluded with the Persians after
the murder of Gordian III, and when by intrigue he in-
duced the army to declare himself Emperor. On his return
to Rome, Philip, desirous of obliterating the memory of his
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. H
50 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
crime and of gaining the goodwill of the people, solemnised
with infinite pomp and magnificence the secular games,
which commemorated the thousandth year of the tradi-
tional foundation of Rome, and which are referred to on
No. 129 with the legend SAECVLAKES AVGG.
By far the most interesting among the silver coins in
this hoard is the denarius of Carausius, which commemo-
rates his welcome to the shores of Britain in A.D. 286.
Unlike the usual currency of this period, the coin is of fairly
fine silver, and of a different denomination from any at that
time issued. In the type of the reverse the female figure,
who is welcoming the Emperor, and addresses him in the
words of the legend EXPECTATE YENI (Come, 0 thou
long expected), has usually been considered to be a repre-
sentation of Britannia ; but considerable uncertainty has
existed as to the nature of the object which she holds in
her left hand. It has been described as a sceptre. Aker-
man4 thought it was evidently a trident, but Roach
Smith5 says " the object held by the female resembles the
caduceus of Felicity." I think there will be no difficulty
in proving that the figure was not intended to be a repre-
sentation of Britannia, and that the object which she holds
is not a caduceus, a trident, or a sceptre. One circum-
stance alone negatives the interpretation of the figure
being that of Britannia. It is that the arrival of Carausius
to the shores of Britain was most unexpected and sudden.
Though it may have been suspected by the Roman army
quartered in this country, it could not have been generally
known. The power and influence which Carausius had
gained over the fleet which was stationed at Gesoriacum
4 Coins of the Bomans relating to Britain, p. 54.
5 Collectanea Antigua, vol. v., p. 153.
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND KINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 51
(Boulogne), and of which he had the chief command,
had roused the jealousy of the Emperor Maximian, who
issued an order that he should be put to death. The
shrewd commander, however, anticipated the execution of
this mandate, and speedily collecting his fleet he crossed
the Channel and landed in Britain, most probably at
Hutupiae (the modern Richborough), which from its
proximity to Gaul and Germany was the usual port
selected for military operations. Carausius appears
to have experienced no difficulty in persuading the
legion and the auxiliaries which guarded the island
to embrace his cause, and boldly assuming the title of
Augustus, he defied the arms of his injured sovereign.6
The arrival of Carausius in Britain must therefore have
been very unexpected, though it is probable that some
intimation of what was passing on the other side of the
Channel had reached the army. These facts are, therefore,
against the attribution of the figure to Britannia.
As regards the origin of this legend, which is peculiar to
these coins of Carausius, Eckhel7 has remarked that the
greeting of Carausius finds a parallel in the terms in
which Yirgil makes Aeneas address the shade of Hector :
" 0 Lux Dardaniae, spes o fidissima Teucrum
Quae tantae tenuere morae ? quibus Hector ab oris
Expectate venis ? ut te post multa tuorum
Funera, post varies hominumque urbisque labores
Defessi aspicimus !
Aen., lib. ii., 281—5.
Another uncertainty which exists regarding this and
similar coins of Carausius is their place of mintage.
6 Gibbon, Roman Empire, Ed. W. Smith, vol. ii., p. 71.
7 Doct. Num. Vet., vol. viii. 45.
52 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Unlike the so-called antoniniani of Carausius, which are
chiefly composed of copper, they are all of pure or fairly
pure silver ; they are of the type of the old denarius, and
they all bear the letters R.S.R. in the exergue on the
reverse. At first sight the issue of these coins appears to
be an absolute anomaly ; seeing that at this time in no
other part of the whole Roman Empire were coins of this
standard of metal or denomination struck. That the letters
R.S.R. are the initials of the place of mintage there
can certainly be but little doubt. Most of the gold and
copper or base metal pieces struck by Carausius in Britain
bear the mint letters. Thus M.L. (Moneta Londinensis)
show that the coins were struck in London, whilst those
issued at Camulodunum (Colchester) have the initials M.C.
(Moneta Camulodunensis). These letters occupy precisely
the same place on the reverse as do the R.S.R. on the
silver coins. Some writers have suggested Rouen (Roto-
magus) as their place of mintage, as occasionally speci-
mens have been found there. De Salis was of opinion
that they were probably struck in London,8 whilst
Roach Smith9 suggests that they may be of Rutupiae
or Richborough, and he reads the inscription as " Ru-
tupis signata" — "struck at Rutupiae." Against the
first opinion, it may be argued that whatever power
Carausius possessed in Gaul after his assumption of
Imperial authority, it was most probably limited to the
coast near Boulogne ; and the occasional discovery of one
or more of these silver coins at Rouen is no direct evidence
of its being their place of mintage, as a considerable
number of these pieces have also been unearthed at so
8 Num. Chron., N.S., vol. vii., p. 57.
8 Antiquities of Richborovyh, Reculver, and Lymne, p. 136.
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 53
many places in England. Against the view of De Salis, the
argument would naturally be, that if Carausius placed M.L.
on his gold and copper coins to indicate the London mint,
he would have used the same letters for his silver coins to
mark their place of mintage.
A close examination of these silver coins will easily
convince anyone accustomed to handle Roman coins of the
third century that they are of British workmanship. The
head of the Emperor on the obverse is similar to that on the
gold coins of Carausius struck in London ; and the fabric
of the reverse is very like that of the British imitations
of Roman coins of the same period. There can therefore
be but slight hesitation in deciding these pieces to be of
British origin. I am on that account strongly disposed to
accept the view expressed by Roach Smith, and to class
them to Rutupiae. In explaining the meaning of the
letters R.S.R., Roach Smith omitted to take into account
the final letter R. At first sight the letter S may appear
to stand for Signata or Sacra, as there are coins of Carau-
sius and Allectus struck both at London and Colchester,
which bear — in conjunction with the initial of the mint,
L. or C. — the letters M.S. or S.M., or S.P., which are
usually interpreted as Moneta Signata or Sacra, and Sacra
or Signata Pecunia. In fact, there is in the National
Collection another specimen, but in copper, of the " Ex-
pectate veni " type, which has in the exergue the letters
M.S.C., i.e., Moneta Signata or Sacra Camulodunensis. As,
however, the letters R.S.R. on the coins of Carausius do
not appear to admit of a similar interpretation, I would
venture to suggest that they are the initials only of the
mint, and that as Rutupiae was the headquarters of
the Roman Army in that district, they may stand for
Rutupiae Statwa Romano, or Rutupiae Statio Romana.
54 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
The word stativa, meaning a " standing camp " or a
" fortified place," was constantly used by Livy, Tacitus,
and other Roman authors, and Ammianus Marcellinus
describes Rutupiae as a Statio.10 Either epithet would
well apply to Richborough. This suggestion leaves
ample ground for further conjecture, but the attri-
bution of these silver coins to this place of mintage
would materially assist in clearing up two difficult ques-
tions. It will account for the solitary re-issue of the
denarii of a fine standard of metal after a lapse of so
many years, and it will also explain the origin of nearly
all the types of the coins which bear the mint-mark
R.S.R.
During the whole of the Roman occupation of Britain,
Rutupiae was an important military place, being selected
chiefly on account of its good harbour, which has now
quite disappeared. It was at this spot that Julius Caesar
effected his first landing ; but not without losing a
number of his ships, as a heavy gale caused them to miss
the harbour, and drove them on to the rocks. From
its proximity to Gaul and Germany, Rutupiae soon became
the chief port selected for military and commercial inter-
course between Britain and those countries. The Itinerary
of Antoninus tells us that it was situated 450 stadia from
Gesoriacum ; and as the distance to no other port
in Britain is mentioned, it would almost appear as if
this was the chief line of communication between Gaul
and Britain. The route taken by Caesar was most prob-
ably followed by other Roman commanders during the
first and second centuries. And we know that it was
10 Ees Gest., xxvii., 8, 6. " Rutupias, stationem ex adverse
tranquillam."
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 55
chosen by Constantius Chlorus when he came over to
attack Allectus after the death of Carausius, and subse-
quently by Lupicinus and Theodosius, the generals of
Julian and Yalens. In addition, Rutupiae was in a
direct line of communication by road with London, and
thence with Chester, York, and Northern Britain. But
what made Rutupiae of still greater importance was, that
it was one of the chief military stations of the Roman
army. During the first and second centuries a portion of
the 2nd Legion was quartered there ; but the coins of
Carausius tell us that, when he proclaimed himself
emperor, it was occupied by the 4th Legion, since one of
the silver coins with R.S.R. bears the legend, LEG. IIII.
FYL (Legio IY. Fulvia). Naturally this large military
depot must have attracted a considerable civil population,
probably of a somewhat mixed character, seeing that
Rutupiae was in close commercial relation with Germany.
Now it is clear, from finds of coins which have recently
been unearthed, that, in spite of the debased state of
the Roman money at this particular period, there was still
a considerable currency of the purer silver coins, which
had been issued before the debasement took place. This
is shown by the hoard recently described in the pages of
the Numismatic Chronicle by our President n ; and it is
also proved, but to a lesser degree, by the Sully find, in
which there was not a single piece of the more debased
money. It is also known that Germany never would
accept the base Roman money ; but adhered exclusively
to a silver Roman currency, until it struck its own coinage
in that metal. If we accept these conditions, we have no
difficulty in ascertaining why Carausius issued these coins
of pure silver, and of the standard and type of the former
11 Ser. iii., vol. xviii. 126.
56 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
denarius. It was a purely military coinage to pass in
currency with the denarius still in circulation both here
and on the Continent. By choosing the type of the
denarius, Carausius copied a coin which had not been
debased like the antoninianus, and which would not be
confused with the latter piece. The denarius most com-
mon in currency at that time was that of Severus Alex-
ander, and if an analysis were made of the silver coins of
Carausius, there is little doubt but that it would closely
tally with that of the coins of the earlier emperor. What
also proves these coins to be a military issue is the nature
of their types. That of " Felicitas " and a ship refers to
the journey of Carausius from Gesoriacum to Britain ;
those of " Adventus Aug." and a horseman ; and of
" Expectate veni," and a figure greeting the emperor to his
arrival here ; those of " Concordia Milit." and two hands
joined, and "Fides Milit." with Fides holding a standard
to the goodwill and confidence of the Eoman troops here,
and lastly, that with " Leg. IIII. Ful." and a lion, the
symbol of this legion, is an actual record of the legion
then stationed in this district. There are others of more
general types, some of which are personal to the emperor ;
and these, and all the other types mentioned, have the mint
letters K.S.E. The military character of this issue
furnishes us with the clue for ascertaining of whom is the
figure on the reverse of the " Expectate Veni " piece,
which welcomes the emperor. It is not Britannia but
" Fides Militum," and the object which she holds is not a
sceptre or a caduceus, but her usual attribute, a standard,
and in this particular instance the vexillum. The drapery
at the top of the standard is only represented in bare
outline, and is not clearly traceable except on very well-
preserved specimens, such as that which occurred in the
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 57
Sully hoard. As it has been noted, the army was prob-
ably aware of what was passing on the other side of the
Channel ; so that the arrival of Carausius, though, per-
haps, unknown generally, had been for some days eagerly
expected by the army, and the hearty welcome of the
troops co-operating with the goodwill of the fleet was
probably one of the chief causes which induced Carausius
to proclaim himself emperor.
It is hoped that the foregoing remarks will have thrown
some light on the origin and the cause of this excep-
tional issue of silver denarii by Carausius ; but I regret
that no better solution has, so far, suggested itself to
me as to the meaning of the mint letters. However,
having ascertained the origin of these coins, it is not im-
probable that, if the suggestion offered is not considered
sound, this point also will be more satisfactorily solved.
Let us now turn to the gold coins which occurred in
the hoard, some of which are of considerable interest.
The first piece to be noticed is the double aureus of
Diocletian, or as such pieces are more commonly called,
the medallion. Coins of this denomination are of
extreme rarity. There was not a single specimen either
in the Ponton d'Amecourt collection, nor in that of the
late Mr. Montagu, both of which were extremely rich in
gold coins of the reign of Diocletian. Also Cohen
has described only two examples. The coin from
the Sully hoard is unique. It bears on the obverse
the older portrait of Diocletian, which is not found on his
money before A.D. 295, when the great re-coinage took
place, and the reverse type is clearly a record of the long
series of brilliant achievements which had happened
during his reign. The chief of these were the defeat of
Allectus in Britain, the repulse of the Alemanni in
TOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. I
58 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Gaul, the rout of the Mauretanian hordes by Maximian,
the abject submission of all Egypt to Diocletian, and in
the East the defeat by Galerius of the Armenians, and the
submission of Persia. These great victories were completed
when Diocletian entered upon the twentieth year of his
reign in A.D. 303, and the games common at each decennial
period were combined with a triumph, the most gorgeous
which Rome had witnessed since the days of Aurelian.
Gibbon 12 says : — " Africa and Britain, the Rhine, the
Danube and the Nile furnished their respective trophies ;
but the most distinguished ornament was of a more
singular nature, a Persian victory followed by an import-
ant conquest. The representations of rivers, mountains,
and provinces were carried before the Imperial car. The
images of the captive wives, the sisters, and the children
of the Great King afforded a new and grateful spectacle
to the vanity of the people. In the eyes of posterity,
this triumph is remarkable by a distinction of a less
honourable kind. It was the last triumph that Rome ever
beheld."
It was, therefore, on this occasion that this coin
was struck, and its unusual size was a fitting record of
so remarkable an event. The whole spirit of the reverse
type shows that it must refer to such an occasion.
Victory holding the world in her hands offers it freely to
the Emperor, who is represented in his favourite personi-
fication of Jupiter. His whole attitude is one of repose.
His foot is placed on the back of an Eastern captive ; in
his right hand he holds the thunderbolt, resting his arm
on his knee, and with his left hand he leans on a sceptre.
2 Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, ed. W. Smith,
vol. ii., p. 89.
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 59
It is also an attitude of supreme power. The legend, too,
tells us, that the great victories recently won were to bring
everlasting happiness to the Emperors and to the Empire,
a prophecy which was not to be fulfilled ; as shortly after-
wards Diocletian resigned and the Empire was torn
asunder by rival claimants to the purple. Of the two
other double aurei which are known, one has the figure
of Victory standing on a globe, evidently a record of the
same events as our piece. It was also struck at Rome.
The other, struck at Antioch, commemorates Diocletian's
election to the Consulship for the sixth time in A.D. 296.
The other gold coin of Diocletian is an aureus of the
usual reverse type of the Emperor represented as Jupiter
the Preserver. This piece is of some importance, as it
bears on the reverse the initials of the Roman mint,
which are wanting on a similar coin already in the
British Museum, but which had been attributed from its
fabric to that mint. The lowness of relief and the style
of the portrait show that this coin belongs to the earlier
period of Diocletian's reign, and was therefore struck be-
fore the re-coinage of A.D. 295. The gold coins of Dio-
cletian and Maximian, struck after A.D. 295, can easily be
distinguished from those issued before that date. The
former have the types generally, but more especially the
head or bust of the Emperor, in very high relief, and the
flan is smaller and thicker.
The first two coins of Maximian in the list are of
precisely the same type as the preceding piece of Dio-
cletian, except tfyat the head of the Emperor is adorned
with a radiate crown. Nearly all the gold coins of
Maximian struck before A.D. 295 represent the Emperor's
head laureate. The issue of these two coins was contem-
porary with that of the similar piece of Diocletian ; but
60 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
one of them emanated from the mint at Rome, whilst the
other was struck at Thessalonica. The similarity of
fabric of the coins of these two mints, which were at such
a distance apart, is very remarkable, more especially
with respect to the portrait of the Emperor. It rather
suggests that at this particular period, when the local
mints were still in their infancy, and were striking coins
of purely Roman types and standard, the dies were pre-
pared at the central mint at Rome, and thence trans-
ferred to the local centres. Otherwise it would be diffi-
cult to account for this minute similarity. The subject
is, however, too far-reaching for us to consider at this
moment. It will require a most minute examination of
all the coins of the imperial world struck at this and
at later times.
Taking the coins of Maximian in their chronological
order, the next piece to be noticed is the aureus, No. 6,
with the reverse type of Hercules strangling the Nemean
lion. This piece is of much interest, for its obverse as
well as its reverse type. Though Maximian on his
accession to the purple adopted the cognomen Herculius,
as Diocletian did that of Jovius, he did not, like the latter,
represent himself in the guise of his favourite divinity
on his gold coins before A.D. 295, except in this one in-
stance. All his other types are complimentary to his
colleague Diocletian, as they consist of some representa-
tion of Jupiter. On the other hand, it may be noticed
that during this period, A.D. 285-295, Diocletian did not
pay the same compliment to his colleague by placing
the figure of Hercules on his coins. It is quite possible
that Diocletian, as the senior emperor, may have con-
sidered that he had a prior right in selecting the types
for the money. The obverse type is remarkable, as it
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 61
shows the Emperor in full armour, holding one spear in
his right hand and two spears and a shield in his left.
He is in full attire as a general of his army, saving the
helmet. This is one of the very few instances of Maxi-
mian being represented half-length on his coins, and show-
ing his hands and arms. On his medallions we often see
him in half-length holding his horse and shield, or with
sceptre, or with sceptre and shield ; but these were medals,
and with these the engraver always took greater license
in representing the portrait of his emperor. The obverse
and reverse types of the coin, taken in conjunction with
the legend " Virtus Maximiani Aug./' undoubtedly com-
memorate the successful military expeditions of Maximian,
more especially those against the Gauls and the Maure-
tanians. On the obverse he is shown as the successful
general, and on the reverse in the character of Hercules
strangling the lion ; i.e. destroying the enemies of the
empire. The inscriptions on both sides testify to the valour
for which Maximian was noted from his youngest days.
The remaining two gold coins of Maximian in the
hoard, Nos. 5 and 7, belong to the later period of his
reign, viz., after A.D. 295. The bust of the Emperor, and
also the reverse type, are in high relief. No. 7, with a
representation of Hercules seizing the stag of Ceryneia,
is probably the earlier of the two pieces ; as this type is
found on coins of Diocletian, which must have been issued
before A.D. 305, the year of his resignation. After A.D.
295 Maximian's coins generally exhibit him in the
character of Hercules, which was, as we have noted, ex-
ceptional previous to that date. This type and several
others representing the labours of Hercules have no par-
ticular historical importance. They appear only generally
to relate to the bravery shown by the Emperor at all
62 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
times. The other labours of Hercules figured on the coins
of Maximian are the slaying of the Nemean lion as above,
the fight against the Lernean hydra, the capture of the
Erymanthian boar, the procuring of the golden apples of
the Hesperides, and the taking of Cerberus. Besides
these, there are numerous other representations of Her-
cules not immediately referring to his labours.
The other coin of Maximian, No. 5 in the list, affords
an opportunity for correcting an error by Cohen relating
to its date of issue, which that writer, on account of the
legend on the reverse, " P. M. TR. P.P./' puts to A.D. 286,
the first regnal year of Maximian. The style of the head
of the Emperor on this coin shows that it must be ascribed
to a later date, at least after A.D. 295. If we take the
inscription on the reverse as recording the first year of the
Tribunitian power, the figure standing surrounded by
standards, to whom it would apply, cannot be intended for
that of the Emperor, but one of his associates in the
Empire, whether as Caesar or as Augustus. Maximian's
dates are : Caes. A.D. 285; Aug., A.D. 286 ; Abd. A.D. 305;
Rest. A.D. 306 ; Abd. (second time) A.D. 308 ; Rest, (second
time) A.D. 309; D. A.D. 310.
Setting aside Diocletian, who was declared Augustus in
A.D. 284, the dates of Maximian's colleagues were : —
Constantius I
Caesar.
A.U.
292
Augustus.
A.D.
305
1st Trib. "!
A.D.
292
Galerius
292
305
292
Severus
305
306
305
Maximinus II
305
307
305
Maxentius .
306
306
Licinius I .
—
307
307
Constantine I
306
307
306
As the coin was not struck before A.D. 295, we may at
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 63
once omit Constant! as I and Galerius, and as the first
tribunitian years of Severus and Maximinus II both fell
in the year A.D. 305, when Maximian' s first abdication
occurred, they may be passed over also. We have thus
remaining Maxentius, Licinius I, and Constantine I. Of
these Licinius I was the nominee of Galerius, and Con-
stantine I was appointed by his father, Constantius I,
his successor. Maxentius, on the other hand, was a son of
Maximian Herculius, but had been set aside in A.D. 305,
some doubts having been expressed respecting his legiti-
macy. However, in the following year, A.D. 306, these
scruples appear to have been overlooked and he was
created Augustus. As it was in this year, too, that
Maximian resumed the Imperial power, it may be con-
cluded that the figure on the reverse of this coin of
Maximian, No. 5, is that of Maxentius, and that it was
issued in A.D. 306. As this would make this coin the
latest one in the hoard, and as it is in an excellent
state of preservation, it gives us the approximate date of
its burial, which was probably between A.D. 306 and
A.D. 310.
The following is a description of the rings which were
found in the hoard : —
1. Gold ring with angular-shaped hoop of foliate design,
narrowest at the back and expanding at the
shoulders ; the bezel octagonal and set with an
unengraved nieolo. Diam., 1*04 in. L. of bez.,
•58 in.
2. Gold ring of similar shape, the hoop plain at the back ;
the bezel, an oval raised setting with scalloped
border, containing an onyx cameo representing a
female head, Medusa, (?) facing, of somewhat
coarse workmanship. Diam., -92 in. L. of bez.,
•52 in. [PI. III. 9.]
64" NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
3. Gold ring of similar form, the back of the hoop plain
and engraved with two parallel lines, the shoulders
pierced. The bezel is a raised setting, now of
irregular outline, from which the stone is lost.
Diam., I'O in. L. ofbez., '58 in. [PL III. 10.]
4. Gold ring with angular hoop and shoulders moulded in
bold relief. The bezel is rectangular and en-
graved in intaglio with a cock to 1. Diam.,
1-0 in. L. of bez., '34 in. [PL III. 11.]
All these rings are of the usual forms of Roman rings,
which have been hitherto ascribed to the second half of
the third century A.D., and the discovery of the Sully
hoard shows that their date had been correctly fixed.
Nos. 1-3 are practically of the same design and form.
They are all angular in shape, and only differ in the bezels
and in the ornamentation of the shoulders which support
the bezels. No. 3 varies in having the shoulders pierced.
Of No. 1 the shoulders are almost plain, while No. 2 is an
intermediate type. On No. 1 the stone in the bezel is
plain without any design, but on No. 2 there is a good
example of the cameo-cutter's art of the third century ;
but it is not of very high merit for its style or workman-
ship, a characteristic of most of the gems of that period.
No. 4 differs considerably from the others in having the
shoulders narrow, and in being moulded in high relief.
The bezel, too, is of the same material as the rest of the
ring, and the representation of the cock is of somewhat
rude design. It is scarcely probable that these rings were
of local fabrication. The illustrations in the plate give a
fair idea of their style and form. By the discovery of
these rings in this hoard their date of manufacture can be
fixed within the limit of a few years. As already stated,
the date of issue of the latest coin was about A.D. 306 ; and
if we take into consideration the condition of the rings,
FIND OF ROMAN COINS AND RINGS NEAR CARDIFF. 65
which, show a certain amount of wear, we shall not be far
out in ascribing their manufacture to about twenty years
before their concealment with the rest of the treasure.
It is needless to speculate on the circumstances which
led to the burial of this hoard. The presence of a skull
near the spot affords no clue, as it was probably in no way
connected with the treasure. The hoard, which was of
considerable value at the time, was evidently buried by a
private individual, who from unforeseen circumstances
failed to unearth his property, and so it remained concealed
for close upon sixteen centuries. Its discovery has not
been without some benefit to archaeology, both numis-
matically and otherwise.
H. A. GRUEBER.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES.
III.
ECGBERHT, KING OF THE WEST SAXONS AND THE
KENT MEN, AND HIS COINS.
THE mutual dependence of numismatics and history is
illustrated by many famous papers in the Numismatic
Chronicle, in which historical problems have been illu-
minated by the use of coins. Having paid some attention
to the very obscure period of our history covered by the
time between the reign of Offa and that of Alfred, on
which the numismatic discoveries of recent years have
thrown some light, I have ventured to put together a
memoir on the reign of Ecgberht, in the hope that it may
be acceptable, especially as it contains some new, or at all
events some unconventional, views about him.
One great difficulty in writing upon Ecgberht is the
unsatisfactory character of the chief authority for his
reign, namely, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which during
this period, as at an earlier stage, is full of doubtful
statements, and pervaded by an impossible chronology,
proving it to have been compiled long after the events.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, in my view, is a transla-
tion and not an original composition. Like the similar
annals composed on the Continent at the same period,
it was, I believe, composed in Latin, and was afterwards
translated into the vernacular.
The Latin original of the earlier part of the Chronicle
was, I imagine, composed during the reign of Alfred,
ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 67
and it seems to me there are cogent reasons for attri-
buting its composition to Asser, the biographer of
Alfred, a view I have not seen mentioned elsewhere,
but which seems to me, for several reasons, very probable.
Asser's master was a king of the West Saxons, and the
West Saxons had had a very discontinuous history, in
which the ruling house belonged first to one and then to
another foreign stock, while its annals were anything but
heroic. Asser had to construct a story which should do due
honour to the predecessors of his patron, and had further
to give him an ancestry connecting him, if possible,
with the traditional kings of early Wessex history, and
he did so by giving him a pedigree which seems to me
to be quite artificial and manufactured. He says :
" Aelfred rex films Aethelwulfi regis ; qui fuit Ecg-
berthi ; qui fuit Ealhmundi ; qui fuit Eafa ; qui fuit
Eowwa ; qui fuit In gild : Ingild et Ine, ille famosus
Occidentalium rex Saxonum, germani duo fuerunt."
The same story, as I believe, by the same hand, is told
in regard to the ancestry of Aethelwulf in the A.-S.C.
under the year 855.
This genealogy is, it seems to me, a clumsy attempt to
connect the stock of Alfred with that of Ine, the old
King of Wessex. Ine's brother Ingild was, I believe,
entirely an invention of Asser. He is only once
mentioned in history, namely, in that most unsatis-
factory document, the A.-S.C., which I believe, as I
said, came from the same hand — and which, under
the year 718, says, " This year Ingild, the brother
of Ine, died." Now the A.-S.C., down to the time
when Bede stops, is a mere compilation from Bede, and
the few additions which it contains seem all, or nearly
all, to be doubtful and valueless. Bede, who was the
68 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
very man to have told us of Ine's brother if he had ever
existed, knows nothing whatever of him ; but what is
more striking, and in fact conclusive, is that his name
nowhere occurs as a witness to the charters of Ine. It
seems to me quite plain that he was an invention of
Asser, meant to bridge over a gap in the genealogy.
The son and grandson of Ingild, Eowa and Eafa, ap-
parently bear names which are forms of the same name.
They are absolutely unknown to history, and, so far as I
know, occur nowhere as witnesses to Anglo-Saxon charters,
and their names are Anglian in form. Similar names occur
as moneyers on Anglo-Saxon coins, and it was possibly
from such a source that they were derived by Asser. I
cannot attach any value to them whatever, and look upon
them as inventions of the fabricator of the pedigree.
The next name in the list, namely, Ealhmund, is en-
tirely different. I have no doubt it represents a real
person, and that real person was the father of Ecgberht ;
but it is plain he was not a Wessex man, and had nothing
to do with "Wessex. No such name occurs in the Wessex
charters, and it is quite foreign to the old names in that
district. On the other hand, it is quite plainly a Kentish
name, and he was looked upon as a Kent man by the
writers who refer to him, and both Ecgberht and Ealh-
mund, which are names foreign to the name- lists of
Wessex, occur among the royal names of Kent.
Not only so. If we turn to the late Latin edition of the
A.-S.C. known as Codex F, we find, under the year 784, a
marginal note in a later hand, partly in Latin and partly
in Saxon, as follows : " Hie time temporisfuit in Cantia rex
EalJtmundus. Thes Ealhmund ring was Eglerhtes feeder.
Eyberht was A dhulfes feeder"
It was apparently from Codex F that a marginator in
ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 69
Codex A inserted in his copy of the Chronicle the phrase,
" To thy san titnan rixode Ealhmund cing innon Cent."
These notices are no doubt very late, and we can
probably trace them to a charter numbered 243 by Birch1
and MX1IL by Kemble.2 This is a grant dated in 784,
by which Ealhmund, King of Kent, makes over some
land at Seilduuic, or Sheldwich, in Kent, to Hwitred,
the abbot, and the monastery at Reculver, and it is con-
firmed and assented to by Jaenberht, Archbishop of Can-
terbury.
It is plain that the marginators of the two copies of
the Chronicle above named identified Ealhmund, the
father of Ecgberht, with the Ealhmund, King of Kent,
mentioned in the charter in 784. This is the only
charter in which Ealhmund occurs as king, nor do we
find him named elsewhere as king, nor did he strike any
coins, and he was no doubt a dependant merely of Offa of
Mercia. Three persons of his name occur as witnesses to
the charters of the Kings of Mercia. One signs as Abbas,
another was Bishop of Winchester, and a third may
possibly have been the same as the Ealhmund, King
of Kent, of the above cited charter. In 748, 749, 755-57,
i.e., in the reign of Aethelbald, Ealhmund or Alhmund
signs without any descriptive epithet. This was possibly
some other person. In 774 we have the signature Ealh-
mund dux (i.e., Ealdorman), in 792 id., 794 id., 796 id.y
all during the reigns of Offa and Ecgfryth, and lastly
that of Ealhmund princeps in the year 801 in a charter of
Beorhtric, King of Wessex.
I may add that an Eanmund, King of Kent, who is
1 Cartularium Saxonicum.
2 Cod. Dip.
70 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
otherwise unnamed, confirms a charter of Sigered, King
of Kent, to Bishop Earduulf, in the presence of both
Archbishop Bregowin and Archbishop Jaenberht (Birch,
194).
This Eanmund may possibly be the same person.
This is, however, doubtful ; what does not seem doubtful
is that, as Mr. Plummer has urged, if Ecgberht was the
son of a Kentish King Ealhmund, it is impossible to
credit the earlier pedigree deriving him from Ingild, for
the Kings of Kent had a very clear and proud descent
of their own from much more famous people than the
early rulers of Wessex, and would not have tolerated a
usurpation by an obscure stock like that of Ingild. It
is perfectly plain, in fact, that the pedigree of Aethelwulf
as given in the A.-S.C. and by Asser is quite spurious.
Let us, however, return to Ecgberht. As we have seen,
the marginators of the Chronicle make him the son of
Ealhmund, King of Kent, and therefore a Kent man and
not a Wessex man ; and if so, he was really a foreigner
in the latter country, and had no direct claim to descent
from the Early Wessex Kings. The view that he did so
belong to the Royal family of Kent is supported by other
facts.
As we shall see presently, the A.-S.C., in describing
the conquest of Kent and its dependent districts from
Baldred, speaks of them as " having formerly been un-
justly forced from his kin '' (i.e., from Ecgberht's). This
clearly points to Ecgberht having, in the eyes of the
chronicler, belonged to the old stock of the Kings of Kent.
Henry of Huntingdon, the rhetorical embellisher of the
chronicler, glosses this phrase by the explanation that
Eadberht Praen, who was thus displaced, was Ecgberht' s
propinquus.
ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 71
This takes us on to another conclusion of a more
numismatic nature, and to the consideration of some coins
whose real meaning has been hitherto misunderstood.
These coins are very scarce, and only two types are known.
Their fabric, etc., clearly points them out as Kentish
coins, and they have always been so treated. On the
obverse we read Ecgberht with Re (Rex) in the centre,
while on the reverse is the name of the moneyer. Two
moneyers are known on these coins, Babba and Ydd, both
of whom occur on the coins of Offa, and the former on
the coins of his successor, Coenwulf, while Babba also
occurs on the coins of Eadberht Praen, who ruled in
Kent in 796-798. It seems to me as plain as possible
that the Ecgberht of these coins was no other than the
Ecgberht son of Ealhmund, King of Kent, already
named. The date as fixed by the moneyers is absolutely
consistent with this view. In the catalogue of the
Anglo-Saxon coins in the British Museum, vol. i, p. 67,
Mr. Keary, in discussing these coins, adds a note to the
effect that " the Ecgberht of the coins just named was
formerly supposed to be the son of Offa, who reigned for
about six months in 796." But this statement is founded
on a mistake. The son of Offa in question was not
called Ecgberht at all, but Ecgfryth.
The moneyers' names point to the coins just named as
having been struck near the end of Offa's reign and the
beginning of Coenwulf s, while their great scarcity shows
that they were only struck for a short time. It is not
improbable that it was the fact of Ecgberht striking
these coins which made the Mercian King expatriate him.
Let us now turn to this expatriation.
In the A.-S.C., under the year 836, we have the well-
known statement about Ecgberht in these words : " Before
72 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
he was king, Offa King of the Mercians, and Beorhtric
King of the West Saxons drove him out of England into
France for three years." There is not a word here about
his having been driven out of Wessex, and if he had been
in Wessex at the time it is not easy to see why Offa or
any other Mercian king should have intervened, or rather
been the chief person in driving him out, while Beorhtric
merely assisted him, for Beorhtric was King of Wessex.
On the other hand, Offa and his family had great pre-
tensions to rule Kent, and he did in fact conquer it, and
put his own proteges on the throne. When Ecgberht,
therefore, was driven out of England and had to seek
refuge in France, it was not as a regulus or prince of
Wessex, but as a prince of Kent. Inasmuch as both the
Kings of Mercia and of Wessex united to drive him out,
he must have exercised considerable power there, and it
seems exceedingly probable that he was, in fact, King of
Kent after his father.
Let us now turn to the date of this expatriation. Here I
believe the Chronicle to be, as in so many other cases, very
untrustworthy, and it is certainly inconsistent with itself.
It makes Ecgberht to be expatriated some time between
the marriage of Beorhtric, which it dates in 787 (or when
corrected, 789), and the death of Offa in 796, but in a later
passage it makes Ecgberht return home again after the
death of Beorhtric in 802, and yet only after an absence
of three years. To cure the mistake Lappenberg suggested
that we ought to read thirteen years instead of three in the
passage, but this is quite arbitrary. It seems to me much
more probable that the chronicler has mistaken the name
of the Mercian King. It is not probable that Ecgberht
would have revolted and set up authority in Kent during
the reign of the famous and all-powerful Offa, but it is
ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 73
more probable that, like Eadberht Praen, he would do so
on the death of that ruler, and during the time of difficulty
which followed the premature death of Ecgfryth, Offa's
son. In that case the Mercian King, who was in alliance
with Beorhtric, was not Offa but Coenwulf. Eadberht
Praen's usurpation took place in 796-798, and it seems not
unlikely that Ecgberht's took place in 798 or 799, and this
would make it possible for him to return in 802 and yet
be away only three years as the Chronicle says, and if so
we must put the coins we have described at the very close
of the eighth century.
When Ecgberht fled from England he went to the court
of Charlemagne, the friend and correspondent of Offa,
who would not be very likely to receive an open enemy of
his, but who doubtless looked upon Coenwulf or Kenulf as
a usurper, and Charlemagne was certainly pleased enough
to have such an important personage at his court to use if
occasion required against the English. Of his doings at
the Frankish Court we read nothing in our English
histories, but I believe myself that he became one of
Charlemagne's principal Paladins, and that his role on the
Continent has been entirely overlooked and mistaken.
The name of Ecgberht is quite peculiar to these islands ;
was, so far as I know, quite unknown on the Continent, and
was quite unused in Continental Saxony, Old Saxony as it
was called. Now it is a very remarkable fact that during
the very time when it would seem our Ecgberht was a
fugitive beyond the Channel at Charlemagne's court, that
Emperor selected an Egbert as his locum tenens beyond
the Rhine among the Saxons, who had been his ruthless
enemies. It is most improbable that he would have
trusted him as he did if he had been a Continental Saxon.
He is especially mentioned in the year 809, when we are
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. L
74 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
told in Eginhardt's Annals, &c., that after the Emperor had
selected a site for a new city on the Danish March, at a
place called Esesfelth, on the River Stur, it was taken
possession of by Egbert and the Saxon Counts, and was
fortified. (See Eginhardt's Ann., Enhard's Ann. Fuld.,
and Ann. Max. sttb ann.}
In the year 811 Egbert is specially named among the
twelve counts who were nominated by Charlemagne to
negotiate about the Danish frontier with an equal number
of Danes. According to the later writers, he married St.
Ida, and became the father of a certain Warinus. Thus in
the Translatio S. Pminnce, 2 Ser. ii., 681-682, Wilmans'
Kaizerurkuwden, etc., I., 542, we read, Warinus, nobilissimo
genere propagatus ; Juit enim genitus Echberto, clarissimo
comite et duce, matre splendidissima nomine Ida. Again, in the
life of St. Ida, written in 980-983, we read (Ib. p. 471/.),
uubi tune inter alios orientis proceres, prsefectus quidam
Eccebertus nomine advenisse dicitur — Erat enim praedicto
augusto, pro invictse constantiae et prudentise praeconiis,
non mediocriter acceptus . . . praccellentissimi sui comitis
. . illustris vir Ecbertus .... deditque illi in eisdem
partibus multas possessiones de puplico, quatenus viciniori
potentia soceris acceptior factus, non minori apud illos
quam in genitali solo prsecelleret dignitate. Insuper etiam
cunctis Saxonibus, qui inter Hrenum et Wisaram maxima
flumina inhabitant, ducem praefecit . . . ad locum quendam
sccns Lippiam faimen, qui Saxonica lingua Hirutfeld nun-
cupatur, amoenis nemoribus consitum . . . Ad ilium namque
dicatum locum, qui est in pago Drehni in Lippiee ripa flu-
minis, nonnulla illustris viri Ecberti prsedia respiciebant.J>
Whatever the value of these later stories, which are doubt-
less exaggerated, it seems to me that the probabilities are
very great indeed that the Count Egbert of Charlemagne's
ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 75
historians was the same person as the expatriated Kentish
prince of whom we are writing.
Let us now return again to England. No period of
English history seems so obscure as that generally
assigned to the reign of Ecgberht, King of Wessex, and
nowhere is that most unsatisfactory document, the A.-S.C.,
more unsatisfactory.
According to that document, he returned to England
in 800 (to be corrected to 802), on the death of Beorhtric,
and it is possible he did come temporarily, but only, as I
think, temporarily, and there were reasons of a private
kind which would induce him to visit the country, for he
had estates in Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. The
former he speaks of as terra quam precessores mei atque
propinqui jure michi hereditario possidendam reliquerunt
(Birch, 389), and it is not improbable that he derived
them from some of his female ancestors. His son Aethel-
wulf, as we all know, married a daughter of a grandee
of the Isle of Wight, who is described by Asser as of
Jutish descent, pointing to some family ties with the
district. Whether he returned in 802 or not, it would
seem that he did not then return here as King, nor remain
here, for we neither find him granting any charters, nor
find any mention of his name again until the year 813,
which ought to be corrected to 815, when we read that
King Ecgberht laid waste West Wales from eastwards
to westwards.
This description has been generally accepted as refer-
ring to Cornwall. It is supported by an entry in a
charter of Dunstan's, first published in the Anecdota
Oxoniensia, in which we are told that " it happened that
the West Welsh rose against King Ecgberht. The King
went thither, and gave a tenth part of the land (to God),
76 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
and disposed of it as it seemed fit." We again have to
wait some years without a reference to Ecgberht or to the
name of Wessex in the Chronicle.
In the year 821, we read in the Chronicle that Ceolwulf
was deprived of his kingdom, i.e., of Mercia, and the next
year we read that two ealdormen, Burghelm and Muca,
were slain, possibly in the civil strife which followed. Up
to this time we do not find any evidences of Ecgberht
exercising royal authority in Wessex, and I am disposed
to believe that, for the greater part of the time, he was
abroad, and living at the Carlovingian Court, as I have
already suggested, and that, during the reigns of Coenwulf,
who was a masterful and warlike ruler, and of Ceolwulf, he
did not raise pretensions to the crown. We now find
him very active everywhere, and exercising royal authority.
The year in which this activity begins is 823, which
ought to be corrected to 825.
It is surely very remarkable that, with the exception of
the ravaging of Cornwall just mentioned, there is not a
single fact mentioned about Wessex and its ruler from
his supposed accession in 802 till the year 825. It is
equally remarkable that after this date Ecgberht and
Wessex occur continuously in the Chronicle until that
king's death.
A more important fact, however, than any contained in
the A.-S.C. at this date, when its chronology, etc., are so
unsatisfactory, is that not a single charter or document
granted or conferred by Ecgberht is known until the year
824 or 825, after which several occur. This fact is in itself
almost conclusive that Ecgberht's reign over Wessex has
been entirely misunderstood. It would appear, indeed,
that until the Battle of Ellandune, Wessex was subject to
Mercia, and we actually have grants of land in Berkshire
ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 77
to the abbey of Abingdon by the King of Mercia during
the first quarter of the 9th century, in which no mention
of Ecgberht or any other independent ruler of Wessex
occurs, and Berkshire was a focus of the "Wessex Kingdom
and the birthplace of Alfred. It is exceedingly probable
that during the first quarter of that century Ecgberht
was, as I have said, largely abroad at the Court of the
Carlovingian ruler, and that when he was in England he
was not there as King of Wessex, but as a dependant of
the Mercian king. This seems to me to explain what has
been a puzzle to some enquirers. In several of Ecg-
berht's charters we have an enigmatical phrase. In
the dating of these charters we read: Anno dom. in.
DCCCXXVI, Indictione IIII. anno Ecgbergti regis
XXIIII. ducatus autem sui XIIIL (Birch, 390, 391,
and 393). This method of dating seems to point to
something important which happened in Ecgberht' s career
in the year 812 or 813, and I take it that this date
coincides perhaps with his return from the Continent,
when he perhaps acquired and adopted the title of Dux (a
date roughly answering to that of the death of his patron,
Charlemagne), while he dated his regnal years arbitrarily
from the death of the last King of "Wessex. Now it is
very curious that an Ecgberht, who styles himself Dux,
signs the Acts of the Council of Clofesho, held on the
30th of October, 824, which is also signed by Beornwulf,
king of the Mercians, and the Southern bishops.
He also signs as Dux the record of the quarrel of Arch-
bishop Wulfred and King Beornwulf, of Mercia, and of their
final settlement (Birch, 378, 379, and 384).
I would suggest that until the year 825 Ecgberht, when
he happened to be in England, was not there as King of
Wessex at all, but as a dux, i.e., doubtless an ealdorman,
78 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
or perhaps a reeve, one of several under the Mercian King,
and that the " ducatus " to which he refers was in fact the
dignity held by him as dux. This would account for a great
many puzzles in the story, and is surely a better explanation
than Mr. Plummer's, who would translate Ducatus by Bret-
waldadom. The Bretwalda was a personage of pan-Anglian
importance, and in 813 Ecgberht was almost an unknown
man in these realms ; besides, he is only one of several
duces mentioned in charters at this time.
Let us proceed. It would seem from several hints that
Ecgberht' s command or dominium, whatever its exact
nature, was at first chiefly exercised in the western part of
Wessex.
Under the year 823 (which ought to be corrected to
825) in the Chronicle we read that there was a battle
between the Welsh and the men of Devon at Gafulford.
In this battle Ecgberht apparently commanded the
English, for although the fact is not so stated in the
A.-S.C., two charters, as Mr. Plummer has pointed out,
were drawn up, " quando Ecgbergtus rex exercitum
Gewissorum movit contra Brettones " (Birch, 390).
These charters are otherwise dated August 19th, 825.
Gafulford is no doubt Galford, in South Devon. This
victory of Ecgberht's has been considered as the final
subjugation of the West Welsh of Devon and Cornwall,
who thenceforward became incorporated in Wessex, and
the way in which it is described perhaps points to Devon
having been the special ducatus of Ecgberht.
According to the Chronicle, the victory over the West
Welsh was followed in the same year by another gained
by Ecgberht over the Mercian King Beornwulf at
Ellandune, in which there was a great slaughter. The
situation of Ellandune is doubtful. There is an "Ellandune
ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 79
with Allington " near Amesbury. On the other hand,
Wroughton, situated where the Ridgeway crosses the
Ermin Street, is also called Ellingdon, and was known as
Elendune in Domesday. Each of these sites has been
advocated (Plummer ii., 70 and 71), but the former seems
the more probable. Ethelwerd tells us that in this fight
Hun, "dux*' of the province of the Sumersaetas, was
killed. As Hun signs charters in 82ti (Birch, 377,
390-392, 398), either the date in the Chronicle is wrong,
or Ethelwerd was mistaken. It would seem probable
that the date in the Chronicle is in fact wrong and should
probably be 826, in which year William of Malmesbury
puts the fight. This is more likely than that, after
defeating the West Welsh in the autumn of 825, Ecgberht
should have been able to defeat the Mercians the same
year, and I would suggest that Ecgberht in fact usurped
absolute authority in 825, when his first charters occur, and
defeated the Mercians at Ellandune the year following.
After mentioning the victory of Ecgberht over
Beornwulf, the Chronicle goes on to say that "he sent
from the army his son, Aethelwulf, and Ealhstan, his
bishop, and Wulf heard, his Ealdorman, into Kent with a
large force, and they drove Baldred the King northwards
over the Thames, and the men of Kent and the men of
Surrey and the South Saxons and the East Saxons
submitted to him, for formerly they had been unjustly
forced from his kin."
Baldred was then King of Kent and of the dependent
provinces just named. It is generally said that Baldred
reigned in Kent as a dependant of the King of Mercia,
and he doubtless did so, but as he struck coins there in his
own name as Cuthred his predecessor also did, it is probable
that this dependence was not so great as might be
80 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
supposed. The date of this conquest of Kent by Ecgberht
as given in the Chronicle seems to me doubtful, and that
document is so untrustworthy at this period, especially in
the matter of dates, that one has the less hesitation in
discarding its authority. It would seem more probable
that the conquest of Kent took place in 827, when that
late compiler, Roger of Wendover, dates it. Ecgberht
calls Ealhstan " my bishop/' As Ealhstan was bishop of
Sherborne, it perhaps adds another reason for placing his
ducatm in the west of Wessex.
"Wulf heard must have been a very prominent personage
in South Britain at this time. Not only does he witness
several charters as other magnates do, down to the year
8-28, but Ecgberht made over to him a part of his own
private domain in Hampshire, which he says had come to
him by inheritance and probably through some female
ancestor. We learn this from a charter (Birch, 377).
The land in question consisted of 22 hides on both sides
of the River Meone ; that is to say, among the Meonwaras,
who, according to Bede, were of Jutish descent as the
men of Kent were. In the charter, Ecgberht calls himself
King of the West Saxons, and he styles Wulfheard, in the
Latin part of the charter, his prcefect, while in the Saxon
part of it he calls him his reeve. Four others are styled
prefects or reeves beside himself, one of them being the
Hun already mentioned. According to the A.-S.C.,
Wulfheard, in the year 837 (to be corrected to 839),
fought at Hampton, i.e. Southampton, against thirty-five
ships of the Norsemen and got a victory over them, and
the same year he died (op. cit. sub an. 837). On the
conquest of Kent with its dependencies, Ecgberht, who
was no doubt an old man, nominated Aethelwulf as its
King. " Filii nostri Aetheluulfi quern regem constituimus
ECGHERHT AND HIS COINS. 81
in Cantia/' are his words in a charter (see Birch, 395).
Aethelwulf signs several charters as King of Kent, in some
cases alone, and in others conjointly with Ecgberht, as
King of Wessex.
As has long been known, and was specially emphasised by
Messrs. Keary and Grueber in their catalogue of the A.-S.
coins in the British Museum, the people of Wessex did
not use any coins during Anglo-Saxon times until the end
of Ecgberht' s reign, perhaps not till that of Aethelwulf.
Not only do we find no coins struck then by any of the
earlier kings of Wessex, but according to Mr. Grueber no
hoards of coins of the earlier period occur there, and it
would seem very clear that it was only as ruler of Kent
that Ecgberht struck coins, and that consequently all 'his
coins are later than the year 826-7. With one exception
the only place which appears as a mint on his coins is
Dorobernia or Canterbury, where a large number of them
were no doubt coined. A certain number of them have
the name of St. Andrew upon the reverse, and they have
been with great plausibility attributed to the Rochester
mint, St. Andrew being the special saint of Rochester.
Ecgberht seems to have taken over the whole of the
moneyers employed by Baldred, his predecessor, in Kent,
for their names, viz., Diormod, Dunun, Edhelmod, Oba,
Sigestef, Swefheard, Tidbearht and Werheard occur on
his coins, and we may take it as certain that whatever may
be the case with his other coins, all the money of Ecgberht
with the names of these moneyers was Kent money, and
was struck after Baldred was driven out.
Under the year 826 (which ought to be read 828 or
829) we have in the A.-S.C. the statement, "and the same
year the king of the East Angles and the people sought
the alliance and protection of King Ecgberht for dread of
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. M
82 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
the Mercians ; and the same year the East Angles slew
Beornwulf, King of Mercia." This subjection or submis-
sion of East Anglia to Ecgberht is important and I pro-
pose to discuss it on another occasion. The death of
Beornwulf was followed two years later by that of his
successor Ludecan and his five ealdormen, when we are
told that Wiglaf conquered the country of the Mercians.
This was in 825, to be corrected to 827. Two years later,
i.e., in 829 or possibly in 828, we are told in the A.-S.C.
that Ecgberht " conquered the kingdom of Mercia and all
that was south of the Humber," that is to say he drove
Wiglaf out and seized the throne of Mercia, and we are
further told by the same authority that he led an army to
Dore against the Northumbrians and that they there
offered him obedience and allegiance and with that they
separated (vide sub ami. 827). Dore is no doubt, as Mr.
Plummer has pointed out, Dore, near Sheffield, which was
on the Mercian frontier. How far we are to credit the
statement of the submission of Northumbria at this time
is doubtful. The submission of Mercia is attested by
more distinct and positive evidence, namely that of coins.
Among the coins found in London in the famous hoard pre-
sented by Sir Wollaston Franks to the British Museum, and
described by Mr. Grueber with all his usual learning and
insight, is one of great importance and interest, struck in the
famous Mercian mint of London and bearing the inscrip-
LVN
tion on its reverse DONIA, being the first occurrence
CIYIT
of the name of the metropolitan city on an Anglo-Saxon
coin. On the obverse of this coin and of a second one from
the same hoard, Ecgberht styles himself Ecgberht Rex M.,
i.e., Ecgberht King of the Mercians, being the only occasion
ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 83
on which he does so. This second coin has the moneyer's
name Hedmund on it, who was also a moneyer employed
by Wiglaf, King of the Mercians. We, therefore, have
very strong evidence that Ecgberht coined money at
Canterbury, Rochester, and London. The evidence is
also very strong that all his coins were minted in Kent»
and ought to be treated as Kentish coins and not as coins
of Wessex. At all events, among his moneyers Beornmod,
Bosel, Dealla, Debis, Diormod, Dudinc, Oba, Osmund,
Swef heard, Tidbearht, and Til wine all coined money with
the Canterbury mint -mark, and some of them for the
Archbishop of Canterbury, and I know of no evidence
whatever of any Wessex coinage of Ecgberht.
According to the A.-S.C., Wiglaf returned to rule over
Mercia after an absence of a year. It dates his return
in 828, i.e., in 830 or 831, and a document of his, dated
September 1st, 831, speaks of that year as "anno
primo secundi regni mei." Birch, 400 ; see Plummer,
ii., 78.
The great scarcity of Wiglaf's coins makes it probable
that when he returned he did so not as absolute ruler of
Mercia, but as a subordinate of Ecgberht, and that such
coins as we have of his are of his first reign only. This
seems confirmed by the fact that in the very year of
Wiglaf's return we are told in the Chronicle that Ecg-
berht led an army against the North Welsh and forced
them to obey him (op. cit. sub ann. 828). He would
hardly have ventured thither if he had not been the real
master and over-lord of Mercia. This view has been in
part generally held from the time of Lappenberg.
For a year or two the Chronicle is silent about Ecgberht.
When we next read of him it is in connection with the
Norsemen. I have a strong opinion that the invasions of
84 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
the Norsemen, at this period, have been a good deal
misunderstood. They came both to France and England
as the close allies of the Celts, who had an old and a still
living hatred of the Teutons. Their headquarters were
very largely Brittany, the Channel Islands, Ireland, and
probably also Cornwall, and it was thence that many of
their raids came, and thither they retired with their
booty. The famous Delgany hoard of Anglo-Saxon coins,
the account of which in the Numismatic Chronicle 2 is one of
the many memoirs it contains proving the learning and
research of our President, has one very remarkable
feature about it, beside the fact of its having been found
in Ireland. This is a negative fact, namely, the absence
from it of any coins of Ecgberht, and the presence in it
of coins of the Kentish Kings, Cuthred and Baldred, but
of no coins later than 824 A.D. This seems explainable
only on the theory that it was the product of some
Northern raid, made about or soon after the accession of
Ecgberht, say about 824-825, which has escaped the very
careless and ignorant chronicler.
I am disposed to think that it was these very Norse-
men who, probably, were allied with the West Welsh
when they fought against Ecgberht at Gafulford,
and that, when they withdrew to their headquarters in
Ireland, they took the Delgany hoard with them. As
Mr. Green remarks, no coins earlier than 830 have
occurred in the Swedish plunder hoards. We next read
that the heathen men made a descent in the year 832,
i.e., 834 or 835, upon Sheppey, and the next year Ecg-
berht fought against a fleet of thirty-five ships of them
at Carrum (i.e., Charm outh in Dorsetshire), and the
2 Ser. iii., 1882, p. 61 sq$.
ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 85
heathen men maintained possession of the field, i.e., they
had the best of it.
There is very considerable doubt about this statement.
It is repeated in the very same words, except the sub-
stitution- of Aethelwulf for Ecgberht, under the year 843,
which ought to be corrected to 845. It is quite incredible
that a battle should have been repeated in all its details
in this way, and the event no doubt took place under
Aethelwulf. The year 834 is, it will be noted, 843
transposed.
In the year 835, i.e., 837, we have a much more prob-
able entry. We are told that a great hostile fleet came
to the West Welsh (i.e., to Cornwall) and they united
together, that is the Norsemen and the Cornishmen, and
fought against Ecgberht, King of the West Saxons. When
he heard of it he went there with an army and fought
against them at Hengestedun, i.e., at Hengstone, and
put both the Welsh and Danish men to flight (op. cit*
sub ann. 835).
Next year, i.e., in 836 (to be corrected to 838-9), Ecg-
berht, according to the A.-S.C., died after a reign of
thirty-seven years and seven months (id.). It was once
the fashion to very much exaggerate the status and posi-
tion of Ecgberht, and to treat him as possessing an almost
Imperial authority over all England. The A.-S.C.,
whose author had special reasons for exalting the grand-
father of Alfred, describes him as a Bretwalda, a term
implying a great anachronism ; and it was gravely argued
in the Middle Ages, and has been accepted by more
modern historians, that he first constituted a true king-
dom of England. As a matter of fact, as we have seen,
he was originally a King of Kent, who, by good luck,
and perhaps by the prestige he acquired in the Carlo-
86 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
vingiau court, and perhaps, also, by the aid of more
material resources derived thence, made himself master of
Wessex, and exercised a dominant influence over Mercia
and East Anglia. In his charters he styles himself
" King of the West Saxons," Occidentalium Saxonum Rex ;
" King of the Gewissi," rex Geuuissorum ; " King of
Kent/' rex Cantice \ " King of the West Saxons, as well as
of the Kent men," rex occidentalium Saxonum necnon et
Cantuariorum, and once only, I believe, and this in a very
doubtful and corrupt charter, "King of the Anglians,"
rex Anylorum. Nowhere does he lay claim, either in his
charters or on his coins, to that position of a " King of all
England " that some have made out for him. Nor was
his power, so far as we can see, ever either so widespread
or so real as that of the great Mercian ruler, Ofia.
Ecgberht's charters were generally signed at one or
other of his royal vills. His principal residences were
apparently Kingston, in Surrey, and " Hompton," as it is
called, in Hampshire, by which Southampton is doubtless
meant. The charter granting lands in Hampshire to
Wulfheard (Birch, 377) professes to have been written in
loco celebri ubi dicitur ac leak (i.e., Ockley, in Surrey), while
two others were signed at Criodantreop (? Crediton), when
he was on the march against the Britons (Birch, 389, 390).
There is a notice in a charter of Ecgberht whose phrase-
ology has a certain primitive ring for the Numismatist,
which I may here quote. The purchase money of certain
land at Scirdun, or Sholden, in Kent, is stated to be
C mancuses in duabus armillis, which was duly paid to
Ecgberht in 836 by the Clerk of St. Peter's Abbey, after-
wards St. Augustine's (Birch, 852).
A charter of Ecgberht's dated in 833 (Birch, 410)
was signed at the Royal villa of Dornwerccestre, and
ECGBERHT AND HIS COINS. 87
one dated in 838 (id. 418) was signed at the royal vica
of Fraericburna. This is mentioned in the year 777 in
the A.-S.C. as a royal vill of OfFa's, and was perhaps in
Mercia.
In the preceding paper the points which I have wished
especially to emphasize are first, that Ecgberht was not a
West Saxon by origin or descent at all, but a Kentish
prince belonging to the royal house of Kent, and that his
accession to the kingdom of the South of England meant
the appropriation of Wessex by the royal house of Kent.
Secondly, that he was the same Ecgberht who struck
coins as King of Kent at the end of the eighth century.
Thirdly, that he was very probably the Count Egbert
who lived at Charlemagne's court. And lastly, that the
later coinage of Ecgberht did not begin until about the
year 825, when he first conquered Kent, and that it
continued to be a purely Kent coinage, with Kentish
moneyers, Kentish mints, and probably, also, with a
circulation limited to Kent, and that we ought not to
begin the series of Anglo-Saxon coins of Wessex, at all
events, until after his reign. I propose in another paper
to say something of his sons Aethelwulf and Aethelstan.
H. H. HOWORTH.
MISCELLANEA.
A NEW VARIETY OF THE HALF-GROAT OF CHARLES I. — From
the beginning of his reign until 1630 Charles I. issued half-
groats at the Tower more or less resembling his father's last
coinage, having on both sides a rose crowned. These coins are
known with the following mint-marks : lis (1625), cross on
steps (1625-6), castle (1627), negro's head (1627), anchor
(1628), heart (1629-30), and plume (1630). In this last year a
change took place, and the King's bust replaced the rose on the
obverse, while the royal arms in a shield were substituted for
the second rose on the reverse. The mint-marks on the pieces
of this issue are, plume (1630), and rose (1631), when a further
alteration took place in the bust.
It will be seen, therefore, that, in 1630, the double rose half-
groat and the bust and shield half-groat were both issued and
both bore the plume mint-mark. I can add to these a coin of
the following description :
Olv. — Crowned bust to left with ruff within inner circle, but
dividing it below. Legend : CAEOLYS . D : G :
MAG . . B : F : ET : H : EEX. M.M. plume.
Rev.— Eose crowned. Legend : IYS THEONVM FIEMAT.
M.M. plume ; no inner circle.
This piece, therefore, is of a type between those of the first
and second coinages. That it was intentional, rather than a
mistake, is likely because the plume mint-mark figures on both
sides. Whether it is to be looked on as a trial-piece or not
must be left to individual judgment. At all events, it appears to
be so far unique.
L. A. LAWRENCE.
Mm. CAs-oa. ferM7ol.JX.Pl: /.
i^L
I
4
14
ACQUISITIONS OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM IN 1899.
ACQUISITIONS OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM IN 1899.
THE attention of Members of the Numismatic Society
is specially drawn to the following Resolution of the
Council, passed on the 2Oth April, 1899 : —
" It was Resolved that henceforth the Pro-
ceedings of the Society should be published with
Part II. of the * Chronicle ' in each year ; but
that the List of Members should be issued with
Part IV. as heretofore."
IV.
OTANES, AND PHRAATES IV.
No. 3.
No. 4.
THE coins 1-3 described in the present paper were ac-
quired by the British Museum some years after the publi-
cation of Professor Percy Gardner's well-known work on
Parthian coinage, and are, I believe, unpublished.
1. Obv. — Bust of Parthian king 1., wearing helmet orna-
mented with [stag's horn] and foreparts of stags ;
border of dots. Countermark, oTANNHC
around bearded male head 1., with head-dress.
Bev.— BAZIAEHZ METAAoY APZ AKoY
EYEPfEToY ETTI4>ANoYZ <I>1AEA-
AHNoZ. Parthian king seated r. on throne,
holding bow ; in field r., 2r^
JR. Drachm. Size -75. Wt. 59'1 grs.
British Museum (purchased of Mr. C.
J. Rodgers in 1893). [Fig. 1 obv.}
VOT. XX* THIRD SERIES. N
90 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
2. Obv. — Similar to No. 1, but countermark, NH[C] beside
male head 1. in helmet or cap with flaps ?
Rev. — Similar to No. 1, but monogram in field r., g
JR. Drachm. Size '15. Wt. 52-8 grs.
British Museum (India Office Coll.).
[Fig. 2 061;.]
These drachms are of the not uncommon class ascribed
by Gardner to Mithradates II (circ. B.C. 123 — circ. B.C.
88). It is possible that they may belong to a somewhat
later date (Phraates III P),1 but in any case they can
hardly be later than the middle of the first century B.C.
Their interest lies, of course, in their countermarks. The
clearest stamping is on No. 1, on which we see a head
wearing apparently a kind of polos such as was some-
times assumed by the Achaemenid monarchs. This head
is identified by the name OTANNHC. The same name
is to be conjectured on No. 2, where the countermark is
partly off the flan, but the small head appears to differ
from that of No. 1, and the head-dress recalls that of a
satrap, and is not unlike the " Scythian " helmet found
on the earliest Arsacid drachms. The details, however,
are not very distinct.
Otannes, or rather Otanes fOrai/?/?), was a name
borne by various Persians of noble rank, and occurs
several times in the writings of Herodotus. Otanes, son
of Pharnaspes,2 was the first to detect the imposture of
the false Smerdis, but when Darius Hystaspes claimed
1 The remarkable coins published by Markoff and Rapson
(see Num. Chron., 1893, p. 203 f.) seem to me to necessitate
several changes in the arrangement of the earlier Parthian
series, and I hope before long to set forth my suggestions in
detail.
2 Hdtus.t in., 68-84. On his family and royal connections,
see Rawlinson's Herodotus, iv., 257 f.
OTANES, AND PHRAATES IV. 91
the throne (B.C. 521), he stood aside on condition that he
and his descendants should be exempted from the royal
authority, and that a Median dress and other honourable
gifts should be annually presented. These conditions
were faithfully observed, and " still to this day," says
Herodotus (iii., 83), " the family of Otanes continues to
be the only free family in Persia, and those who belong
to it submit to the rule of the king only so far as they
themselves choose, though they are bound at the same
time to observe the laws of the land."
Another Otanes, who lived in the sixth century, was a
Persian general and judge. He was the son of Sisamnes,
the royal judge who was put to death and then flayed by
Cambyses for delivering a wrongful judgment procured
by a bribe. Cambyses, according to the griiri story of
Herodotus (v., 25), stretched the skin of Sisamnes on the
judicial bench, and then promoted Otanes to his father's
post, bidding him to bear in mind " on what seat he sat
to administer justice." In the time of Alexander another
Otanes is mentioned (Arrian, Anab^ 3, 8, 5) as a Persian
commander, but there seems to be no record of any
Otanes of the period of our coins. The name, however,
was doubtless long existent, for inscriptions of Termessus
in Pisidia relate to a Marcus Aurelius Platonianos Otanes,
a priest of Termessus.3
The Otanes of the coins may, conceivably, be a satrap
who rebelled against the Parthian king, and who stamped
the current Arsacid money with his own head ; but I am
inclined rather to think that he was a governor or other
3 (7. /. G., No. 4366r ; Lanckoronski, Villes tie la Pan-
phiflie, ii., inscriptions Nos. 6, 49, 123 ; G. Cousin in Bull.
con-. Ml., 1899, pp. 175, 190.
92 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
high official of Persis, and not necessarily antagonistic to
Arsaces. Persis, though of course subordinate to Parthia,
seems to have retained the privilege of coinage through-
out the period of Arsacid rule.4 It is even possible that
we have here to do with some descendant of Otanes, the
independent son of Pharnaspes.
8. Ol>v. — Bust of Parthian king L, bearded, wearing diadem,
jointed necklace with clasp, and cuirass ; behind
head, crescent and star ; border of dots.
[AP]E AKoYAIo[C ?]
BAEIAE11N EY EPfEToY
WPAAToY ETTIKAAoYMENoY
ETn<f>ANoYZ
Parthian king seated r. on throne, holding bow ;
in field r., 2-p
M. Drachm. Size -85. Wt. 63 grs.
British Museum (purchased in 1883
from A. Coroyantz). [Fig. 3.]
4. Obv. — Similar to No. 3, but without crescent and star ;
before neck, pellet.
Rev.— BACIAEYoNToL APE AKoY
BACIAEUUN 6YTT AToPo C
AlKAloY >1AI<PIA3A
ET)l<t>ANoYE AHNoE Similar to No. 3.
M. Drachm. Size '75. Wt. 6C'3 grs.
British Museum (purchased in 1877
from llolliii) — Gardner, Parthian
Coinaye, p. 37, " Mithradates III."
'
4 The coinage of Persis (usually with Fire Altar and Pehlvi
inscriptions) and the kindred coinage now sometimes assigned
to Elymais still need further investigation. M. Drouin's
papers on these coins are well known, and it is much to be
wished that he may have leisure to give us a complete corpus of
all the known varieties.
OTANES, AND PHRAATES IV.
93
No. 3 is remarkable in several respects. It furnishes an
almost unique instance of a date appearing on a Parthian
drachm, for FoZ can hardly be interpreted except as a
date — namely, year " 273 " of the Seleucid era, equivalent
to B.C. 40-39.
It gives the personal name (Phraates) of the issuer, in
addition to the dynastic name " Arsaces," which, as a
rule, is alone present on the coins. Whenever the per-
sonal name occurs (except, perhaps, in the case of the
latest Parthian kings) it seems to indicate either that two
rival sovereigns were in the field, or that two sovereigns
were reigning jointly. Thus, Vonones I commemo-
rates his victory over Artabanus by the inscription,
BAZIAEYZONnNHZNEIKHZAZAPTABANON;
Goterzes, Pacorus II, and Artabanus " IV ):> protest
against rival claims by placing their individual names
upon their money. The names of Orodes I and his son
Pacorus I also appear upon the coins, though in this case
it is a question not of a disputed succession, but of a
joint rule. The " Phraates "• mentioned on our No. 3
must, therefore, have been either the rival or the associate
of another " Arsaces."
The expression ETTIKAAOYMENOY is remarkable,
and seems to mean "Arsaces whose personal name is
Phraates." It nearly finds a parallel in the coin-in-
scription of Goterzes: TOTEPZHZ BAZIAEYZ
BAZIAEHN APZAKOY YOZ KEKAAOYMENOZ
APTABANOY (Gardner, p. 49, No. 25; p. 64).5
5 The incomplete letter of AIO- in the inscription of No. 3
would seem to be E, but the application of the name of Zeus
(AIQL) to a Parthian king is without example on the coins.
Perhaps the true reading is AIOY, in which case the word
would be equivalent to the 0EOY which appears on the coins
attributed by Gardner (p. 37) to Mifchradates III.
94 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
The portrait and necklace of No. 3 are similar to those
on No. 4, a coin which, together with other similar pieces
(usually with the inscription 0EOY), has been assigned
by Gardner to Mithradates III, the brother, and for a
time the rival, of the famous Orodes. Yet, plausible as
this attribution appears, it now seems to be negatived by
the appearance of the name " Phraates." Now, this
Phraates can hardly be any other than Phraates IV,
the son and successor of Orodes, and, indeed, if FOZ
be accepted as a date, the coin is fixed to the year
40-39 before our era. This date falls within the reign
of Orodes,, who did not die till B.C. 37, but we know
from Dio (49, 23) and Justin (42, 4) that Phraates was
actually appointed king in the lifetime of his father.
These writers assign the appointment of Phraates to the
year 38 or 37, representing it as due to the helpless
and despairing condition of Orodes after the loss of his
favourite son Pacorus in the summer (9th June) of B.C.
38. Their account is thus, so far, inconsistent with the
date on our coin, but it is quite possible that Phraates —
the most unscrupulous of Parthian kings — had already
assumed the royal title in B.C. 40-39, perhaps taking
advantage of Pacorus's absence in Syria and Asia Minor.
He would then have begun to issue coins of a somewhat
new design, but still bearing the head of Orodes.
The coin No. 4 I imagine also to have been struck at
about the same period as No. 3, and in the use of the
participle BAZIAEYONTOZ instead of the customary
BA2LIAEH5: we may perhaps detect the existence of a
joint rule. Mr. Gardner (p. 37) was somewhat inclined
to think that the use of the participle was a meaningless
variety of BAXIAEHZ, yet, as I have elsewhere sug-
gested (Num. Chrou., 1899, p. 109), the participle some-
OTANKS, AND PHRAATES IV. 95
times seems to indicate that the issuer claims something
less than complete authority over the coin. Thus we
find Antimachus, King of Bactria, making use of
BAZIAEYONTOZ ANTIMAXOY when he strikes a
coin commemorating another Bactrian king — his prede-
cessor Euthydemus, EY0YAHMOY 0EOY.
If, then, Nos. 3 and 4 are assigned to the closing years
of Orodes, B.C. 40-37, we are almost compelled to place in
the same period the coins with similar portrait and neck-
lace which Gardner has assigned to Mithradates III, and
to suppose that they were all issued in the reign of
Orodes but under the influence of Phraates.6 Mr.
Gardner has, indeed, already pointed out that the portrait
of his " Mithradates III " closely resembles that of
Orodes, though he has supposed the resemblance to be
due to the family likeness between the two brothers.
WARWICK WROTH.
* This attribution is not free from at least one difficulty —
namely, that some of the specimens have the simple title
BAZIAEHZ MEfAAOY, while the coins that are ad-
mitted to be of Orodes have always the title BAXIAEflZ
BAZIAEHN. Gutschmid (Geschichte Irans., p. 83) main-
tains that the coins of Gardner's " Mithradates III " belong to
Phraates III (B.C. 70-57), because they generally have the title
0EOY, a title known from Phlegon to have been borne by
Phraates III. Our drachm (No. 3) with the name " Phraates "
would support Gutschmid's contention, were it not for its date,
B.C. 40-39, which is several years subsequent to the death of
Phraates III.
It should perhaps be added that the correctness of Gardner's
reading of the coin-inscription of Goterzes (p. 93 supra) is quite
borne out by a drachm acquired by the British Museum in 1881.
Gutschmid (op. cit., p. 123) disputed the reading, and gives the
almost humorous rendering : — "Goterzes, Konig der Konige der
Areaner, Sohn des Ge, Kalymenos [alter ego?~\ des Artabanos."
Y.
AHPEA CITOY TAPCH.
TESSERE DE TARSOS.
LES provinces romaines de POrient et particulierement
1'Asie Mineure et la Syrie, epuisees par les depredations
des magistrats-gouverneurs de la Hepublique romaine,
ruinees par les publicains et les manieurs d'argent du
genre d'an Brutus, affaiblies par les troubles consecutifs
a la guerre de Mithridate et aux guerres civiles, com-
rnencent a reprendre haleine sous 1'Empire. L'indus-
trie, source de toute fortune pour ces pays, renait sous
Auguste et continue de prosperer sous ses successeurs
du ler siecle. Les fabriques d'Antioche, d'Alexandrie,
d'Egypte, d'Epnese, de Milet reprennent activite et re-
pandent leurs produits dans 1'Occident ; des centaines
des villes de moindre importance les suivent dans cette
voie ; les capitaux s'amassent de nouveau dans les mains
des citoyens des grands centres industriels et les dona-
tions, les constructions, les fetes dont des milliers d'in-
AQPEA error TAPCQ. 97
scriptions ont garde le souvenir, temoignent de la puis-
sance economique du pays et de la prodigalite des grands
capitalistes proprietaires des cites greco-asiatiques. II ne
faut que relire la grande inscription du rhodiapolitain
Opramoas,1 ce millionaire lycien, pour entrevoir cette
expansion vraiment merveilleuse des forces e"conomiques
d'un pays, cette resurrection de la vie hellenistique,
creee par Alexandre, sous un regime qui en matiere de
politique administrative et economique s'appliquait a
imiter ses predecesseurs.
Les empereurs eux-memes, dont 1'attention au premier
siecle apres J.-Chr. se tournait plutot vers ^Occident qu'ils
reorganisaient, en prenant le plus souvent modele sur le
monde hellenistique, voyant cette renaissance de F Orient
qui etait leur ressource principale en matiere d'impots
en argent, ou ils cherchaient et trouvaient toujours des
capitaux pour leurs guerres, 1'entretien de Tarmee et de leur
vie parfois si luxueuse, se sentent attires par cet Orient si
riche et si productif, patrie de tout luxe et de tout raf-
finement, patrie des superstitions et du culte, qui con-
queraient le monde, patrie enfin du systeme monarchique
qu'on cherchait de plus en plus a substituer a ce
melange inorganique de republique et de monarchie cree
par Auguste. Neron se sentait en outre attire par
T Orient plutot comme artiste et ami des arts et de la
culture grecque, mais Adrien, suivant en cela 1'exemple
de son predecesseur Trajan, qui avait reorganise la
Bithynie et le Pont, fait ses voyages dans 1'Orient
comme administrateur et reorganisateur, cherche et
trouve en Asie et en Egypte les principes de sa politique
1 Voy. la publication de la suite des decrets en I'honneur
d'Opramoas faite par M. Heberdey. (Wien, 1896.)
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. O
98 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
administrative et s'y sent raffermi dans ses idees de
monarque absolu. Ses successeurs immediats sont trop
occupes de leurs guerres sur le Danube et le Rhin pour
pouvoir suivre la politique orientale d'Adrien, mais les
idees d'Adrien sont reprises par la dynastie des Severes,
la premiere dynastie qui ait place une femme d'Orient
sur le trone et donn£ a Rome des empereurs semi-
orientaux comme Caracalla, Elagabale et Alexandre
Severe.
Ce n'est pas ici le lieu de developper les idees que
nous venons d'esquisser, mais ces quelques indications
etaient necessaires a 1'intelligence de quelques faits qui
expliquent et mettent en pleine lumiere la politique
orientale des empereurs du IIe et III6 siecle apres J.-Chr.
Ce qui manquait aux pays industriels de 1'Orient
c'etaient les denrees naturelles, surtout le ble ; on en
produisait beaucoup dans les grands domaines de la pro-
vince d'Asie, de la Bithynie, de la Galatie,2 mais cette
production ne suffisait pas a la population du reste de
1'Asie et de la Syrie. Les villes industrielles de la Lycie,
de la Pisidie, de la Cilicie, de la Syrie souffraient beau-
coup de disettes produites par les mauvaises recoltes dans
]es provinces agricoles de 1'Asie. Leur principale res-
source dans ces temps de disette etait toujours 1'Egypte,
pays agricole par excellence, et nous voyons souvent aux
temps hellenistiques 1'Egypte secourir les ville de TAsie.3
2 Sur ces domaines voy. Ramsay, Geography of Asia Minor,
p. 173, et Cities and Bislt oprics, p. 278-293 ; Anderson, Jo urnal
of Hellen. Studies, 1897, p. 418, et 1899, p. 76 ; Schulten,
Romische Mittheilungen, 1898, p. 221 suiv. ; et Rostowzew,
Histoire de la ferine d'etat sous V empire romain, p. 144 et suiv.
(Petersbourg, 1899, en russe).
3 V°v- par ex. Athnocl. Tars., apud Clem. Alex., Protrept.,
AQPEA CITOY TAPCa. 99
II en fut autrement dans 1'empire remain ; le grain
d'Egypte fut exclu de la circulation libre ; la ville de
Rome devint le depot unique du ble egyptien et la plebe
romaine nourrie par les empereurs le consommait a elle
seule. Pareille mesure provoqua des famines dans TOrient
qui implora la permission d'acheter du ble en Egypte et
parfois Tobtint. Sous Auguste la Judee reyoit la permis-
sion du prefet d'Egypte de nourrir le peuple du ble
achete en Egypte.4 C'est un fait tres caracteristique
qu'il faille descendre jusqu'au regne d' Adrien pour re-
trouver mention du ble egyptien transporte en Asie.
Sous Adrien il s'agit de concessions du ble egyptien faites
aux villes d'Ephese et de Tralles.5 D'autres textes nous
parlent de cadeaux faits par Adrien aux villes grecques,
de mesures prises pour nourrir et embellir les villes
de 1' Orient,6 ce qui montre assez 1'interet particulier
qu' Adrien portait a 1' Orient.
Mais c'est surtout sous la dynastie des Severes que les
liberalites imperiales se multiplient. Les monnaies
fournissent a ce sujet des renseignements precis com-
pletes par d'autres donnees. Septime Severe, lors de la
guerre contre Pescennius Niger, recompense la cite de
p. 14 ed. Sylb. (Fragm. Hist. Graec., iii., p. 487): ol pev yap
OLVTOV (2apa7Tiv) i&TOpovcn ^aptfrr^ptov VTTO ^ivwneaiv riroAe/xota>
T(3 $iX«8eA.0a) TO) AiyuTTTiwv 7re/x,0^i/ai /?a.criAeI o? Xi^uw rpv^o-
fj.€vovs avrovs a,7r' AlyvTrrov /xeTaTre/x^a^evos diTov aveKTrieraro. . . .
/xovos Trapa ^eAeuAce'wv Tail/ Trpog 'Ai/Ttd^etaf TO ayaAyua
Xcyet iv o-tro^em KOI avrwv yevo/xevcoj/ /cat VTTO
4 Joseph., arch., 15, 9, 2; Hirschfeld, Annona (Philologus,
1870), p. 24 note.
5 Dittenberger, Sylloge, 286 ; Bull, de con: hell., i., 291 ;
C. I. Gr., ii., 2927 et 2930; Hirschfeld, Annona, p. 27 note;
Liebenam, Die Stddtevenvaltung, p. 118, 2.
6 Dio, 69, 5, 3 et 16, 2 (Ath'enes).
100 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Laodicee, qui tint bon centre 1'usurpateur, en lui assignant
une somme d'argent pour acheter du ble 7 et Caracalla
lors de son voyage en Orient renouvelle et augmente peut-
etre cette donation, comme on peut 1'induire des monnaies
de Laodice-e a la legende AETERNVM BENEFICIVM
et au type du modius.8 Une liberalite du meme genre
nous est connue pour le temps d'Elagabale a Sidon.9 Ce
n'etait pas une donation du ble proprement dite ; la ville
recevait un capital dont les revenus devaient etre assignes
aux magistrats charges de veiller a P appro visionnemen-t de
la ville aux airwvai ou ayopavo/jioi.
Des donations en ble nous sont connues par d'autres
monnaies a Tarse en Cilicie: les monnaies de Caracalla et
d'Alexandre Severe mentionnent une fiwpea aeirov ou
Tapaou (retro?. Les types principaux de ces monnaies ont
ete decrits par M. Hill dans son catalogue des monnaies
de la Cilicie.10 Nous saisissons cette occasion pour re-
mercier vivement M. Hill de la permission qu'il nous a
donnee de citer les bonnes feuilles de son catalogue qui
paraitra prochainement. II suffira de donner ici les types
les plus caracteristiques :
1. Hill, No. 198 : AVT . KAI . M . AVP . C6VHPOC .
ANTONeiNOC, and in field, Fl Fl. Bust
of Caracalla r., laureate, wearing paludamentum
and cuirass.
7 Malalas, xii., 293 (Bonn) : /cat Trapeaxtv O.VTOL<S KOLL
^pr)/x,ara TroXXa errjcna Beo-Trivas ^X€Lr a^TO^? €^ fTravop
TToAews avTwv. Cf. Eckhel, Doctrina numorutn, iii., 321.
8 Eckhel, Doctr. num., iii., 321 ; W. Wroth, Catalogue of the
Greek Coins in the, British Museum, Galatia, &c., p. 260.
9 Eckhel, I.e. • Babelon, Les Perses Achemenides, p. 261 suiv.,
Nos. 1795-1802.
10 Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, Cilicia,
&c., introd. p. xcv et cxv, et p. 199, Nos. 198-201, comp. p. 202,
Mo. 213.
AQPEA CITOY TAPCQ. 101
ANTftNIWANHC C€VH(pta^s) AAP-
(tai^s); in ex., TAPCOY C6ITOC; infield
above, f, B ; 1., A ; r., M, K. Galley sailing to
1. ; below, fishes (v. notre dessin).
2. No. 213: [A . K . M . A-] C€OV(i}pos) AA6IAN-
APOC . C6B-, and in field, fl PI. Bust of
Beverus Alexander r., wearing crown of demi-
ourgos and draped.
Rev.— AWP6A . AAEXAN[3P]OV TA(p<™) MH-
(rpomiAtt) ; in field, 1., A, M, f~; r., [K] [B].
Galley sailing r. (the sail appears to be repre-
sented wrongly) ; below it, two dolphins r. and 1.,
with their heads to a circle between them.
Comp. la monnaie de Caracalla publiee par Babelon u
a la legende fiwpea <rem>u CLTTO 'EY^TTTOU) (sic) Tapaw et
le type de Triptoleme sur le char attele de dragons ailes.
Cette serie monetaire est tres interessante de plusieurs
points de vue. Une question chronologique se pose tout
d'abord. Quand et a quelle occasion eut lieu le cadeau
de Caracalla a la ville de Tarse ? On peut penser soit a
1'epoque ou Caracalla allant en Asie pour la premiere
fois remettait 1'ordre dans les affaires,12 soit a la periode
11 Ann. de numismatigue, 1883, p. 20.
12 Herod., 4, 8, 6.
102 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
qui suivit la revolution d'Egypte. Toutefois il est bien
possible que les troubles d'Egypte soient en rapport avec
les liberalites mentionnees de Caracalla. Le type des
monnaies frappees a propos de la soumission de PEgypte13
semble indiquer que la cause principale de 1'insurrection
et des represailles qui la suivirent fut les exactions en
nature et en argent ordonnees par Caracalla lorsqu'il pre-
parait 1'expedition parthique.14 Le ble qui fut donne a
Tarse provenait, cornme nous 1'avons vu, des greniers de
1'Egypte. Tarsos a du rendre quelques services auK em-
pereurs, soit avant la revolte d'Egypte dans la premiere
guerre, soit pendant et apres la reyolte ; non content de
lui donner des cadeaux en ble Caracalla lui assigne le
surnom honorifique d' 'Ai/Twi/fi/ta^//. II est bien possible
que la riche cite industrielle de la Cilicie a aide 1'empe-
reur de son argent lors de ces entreprises guerrieres. On
assignerait volontiers les mernes causes aux cadeaux et
honneurs que Tarsos re£ut d'Alexandre Severe.15
A Tune des deux distributions mentionnees se rapporte
un monument curieux que j'ai trouve dans la riche collec-
tion des tesseres en plomb du British Museum. C'est
13 Cohen, iv., p. 179, No. 334 : " Caracalla en habit militaire
debout a g. foulant aux pieds un crocodile, tenant une haste et
recevaut deux epis que lui presente 1'Afrique (plutot 1'Egypte)
qai tient un sistre."
14 Cf. (rriechische Urkuuden des JlerUner Museums, No. 655.
15 II est a noter que les surnoms honorifiques de Tarsos ne
commencent qu'avec Arlrien, ce qui est la regie pour la plupart
de villes asiatiques. Meme remarque pour les litres /u,^r/oo-
TroAts et i/ewwJpos. Comp. pour les temps posterieurs la monnaie
d'Aurclien au tyy e de la femme debout accostee de deux modii
sur lesquels elle pose ses mains el a la legende Donatio col.
Cmun(ae) de Cremiia en Pisidie (Catalogue of the Greek Coins in
the British Museum, p. ciii de Introduction) et les exemples
cites par Hill, I.e.
AQPEA CITOY TAPCQ. 103
une tessere carree (17-18,5 mill.) portant d'un cote la
TTA P
legende QQQ e* au revers une galere munie d'une voile
et de rames.16 Coincidence a noter : la voile de la galere
comme aux Nos. 200, 201, et 205 de Hill est representee
enflee a gauche dans le sens oppose au mouvement du
vaisseau. II n'est pas douteux que nous ayons ici une
tessere destinee a la distribution de la liberalite imperiale
analogue aux tesseres du meme genre employees pour les
distributions imperialea a Rome.17 L'usage de tesseres
dans ces occasions ne fat pas cependant importe de Rome.
On se servait de tesseres en plomb dans les distributions
qui se f aisaient a Athenes et on doit surement assigner
cet usage aux tesseres tres nombreuses trouvees a Athenes
et ayant pour types des epis reunis au caducee, a la
corne d'abondance, etc.18 Je crois aussi que les marques
signees par les agoranomes n'avaient pas d'autre usage ; 19
c'est chose connue qu'il appartenait aux agoranomes de
veiller a Fapprovisionnement de la ville.20 II est plus
que probable que 1'usage de tesseres fut importe d' Athenes
16 Voy. la figure en tete de 1'article. II y a un autre exemplaire
a Florence.
17 Yoy. notre Etude sur les plombs antiques dans Rev. num.,
1898, p. 256 suiv.
18 Voy. Benndorf, Beitrdge zur Kenntniss des attischen Theaters
dans Zeitschrift fur die osterr. Gymnasien, xxvi. (1875), p. 594.
19 Voy. Benndorf, 1.1., p. 595 ; Duinont, de plumbeis apud
graecos tesseris, p. 77 ; Arth. Engel, Bull, de corr, hell., 1884,
pp. 6, 7, Nos. 23-26.
20 Comp. aussi un plomb d'Athenes public par Margaritis,
Rev. num., 1886, p. 24, No. 44 : TPAM . BOY . A— YP .
BACCOY — ypa/x(/jtaT£ws) /3ov(A?)s) Avp(r)\iov} ' Bao-trov.
Mercure debout de face regardant a gauche, tenant de la main
droite une bourse et de la gauche un caducee. Rev. — Flan lisse.
PI. IV, 12. Ce plomb du IP siecle apres J.-Chr. est a comparer
aux tesseres que nous citons plus loin.
104 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
a Rome et qu'il etait repandu non seulement a Atbenes,
mais aussi dans tout 1'Orient avant 1'epoque romaine. Ce
qui confirme notre bypotbese c'est le fait que les tesseres
les plus anciennes signees du nom d'un empereur romain
proviennent d'Atbenes.21 Les tesseres egyptiennes de
1'epoque ptolemaique prouvent d'autre part qu'on con-
naissait 1' usage des tesseres ailleurs qu'a Atbenes.22 Mais
la plupart des monuments qui attestent 1'usage des tesseres
en Asie Mineure et en Egypte appartiennent a une
epoque bien posterieure a 1'bellenisme, a 1'epoque de
1'epanouissement economique des provinces asiatiques,
c'est a dire au IP et III6 siecle de notre ere. Les series
des plombs de 1'Asie Mineure etant trop peu connues,
nous ne pouvons citer qu'un nombre tres restreint do
monuments qui se rapportent probablement a des distri-
butions municipales. Ce sont les suivants :
1. Ricbe serie de tesseres en terre cuite et en plomb trouvee
a Palmyre et publiee en partie par M. de Vogue,
Inscriptions semitiques (Paris, 1868), p. 76 et suiv.
et Appendice, p. 159 et suiv.
Deux categories de ces tesseres se rapportent surement
a des distributions municipales. Oelle des tesseres dites
funeraires (Nos. 125-131, 148 et 150-152) que nous
croyons emises par les beritiers des grands personnages
mentionnes sur ces tesseres a Toccasion de leur mort pour
servir a des distributions qui suivaient les funerailles.
La grande quantite des tesseres du me me type et les
types eux-memes confirment notre bypotbese. A cette
serie se rattacbe etroitement une autre qui, outre un
21 Voy. notre Etude sur les plombs antiques dans Rev. num.,
1898, p. 7 et suiv., Nos. I, II, et Bull, d* corr. hell., 1884, p. 6 :
C€B. Tete d'homme a dr. Rev. — AN" grenetis. D. 11 mill.
22 Voy. mon Etude, Rev. num., 1899, p. 58.
AQPEA CITOY TAPCQ.
105
nom, mentionne encore les denrees distributes : le ble et
1'huile (Nos. 146-147, of. 132; 143 et 157 (Appendice, p.
159) ; le coiffre sur la derniere des tesseres citees peut
indiquer la quantite ou la valeur du cadeau. Cette serie
ne doit , pas etre considered comme emise a la suite de la
mort d'un personnage ; elle peut se rapporter a des dist-
tributions faites par des donateurs vivants.23 Les autres
tesseres publiees par de Vogue qui ne different que peu
des series citees peuvent se rapporter a des cas semblables.
2. Un plomb provenant de Nicee et publie incompletement
par Payne-Knight, Nummi veteres in museo Ricardi
Payne-Knight asservati, Londres, 1830, p. 137.
Athena a gauche s'appuyant sur son bouclier et presentant
une patere ; au pourtour A— 6INIAOC
CTPA = 'A^etVtSos
Rev. — Monogramme des lettres NOY = vo
D. 20 mill. British Museum.
3. Corne d'abondance ; au pourtour APXIGP6YC
TW//ICIHC.
Rev.— B.
D. 16 mill. Provenance inconnue. Ros-
tovtsew et Prou, Catalogue des plombs
antiques, No. 431.
23 Comp. Waddington, Inscriptions de la Syrie, 2585 =
Vogue, 16; Waddington, 2598 = C. I. Gr., 4483 = Vogue,
15 ; Waddington, 2588 = Vogiie, 3 ; et Waddington, 2606a =
C. I. Gr., 4485.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. P
106 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
4. Cybele de face assise sur un trone entre deux lions, tenant
de la main droite une patere ; au pourtour
AIOCI6P6CAK6PA = Aids fcp£(te) 2aK«fp-
Rev. — Lisse.
D. 18 mill. Arth. Engel, Bull, de corr.
hell, 1884, No. 49 (PI. II), et Rostov-
tsew et Prou, Catalogue, No.. 411.
5. ANTWNIAC TPY4>AINHC au pourtour, au milieu
un sceptre.
Rev. — A en contremarque au milieu du champ. Mar-
garitis, Rev. num., 1886, p. 26, No. 62, et PL V,
12.
Tous ces plombs mentionnant des dynastes, des ma-
gistrats et des pretres, ont ete emis probablement a
Foccasion d'une distribution faite par ces personnages.
Nous avons sur le mode de ces distributions un texte cu-
rieux et peu utilise de Malalas, xii, p. 289 ed. Bonn.
(comp. Beurlier, Rev. num., 1894, p. 297 suiv.) : un
syriarche nomme Artabanes /mera TO TrXypwaeu TO are-
<j)aviov TWV 'OXv/jLTTLwv iv Aa0j^?7 e0f\oTt/ir}(TaTo ptyas
iv TTJ lepa Aacfivij TW 8r/juw KaXaptwv crvvrofjiia TroAAa
(IpTWV 'tLGLLMVL^OVTWV^5 KoXeffClS TOVS CLVTOVS ttjOTOU? 7TO\f-
24 M. Hill propose de lire Atoo-tepe(iTtoi/) ^aKre'pSfco^), ce qui me
paraft tres probable, quoique en ce cas ^a/<ep8((os) pris comme
nom serait incomprehensible, pris comme titre insolite.
25 On distribuait dans les villes grecques aussi bien le ble
que le pain. Pour ne citer qu'un exemple tout recent voy.
Jahreshefte des dsterr. archaeolog. Institute t B. iii., Beiblatt,
p. 87 (Heberdey), une inscription d'Ephese : CTT! 'ArraXov TOV
'ArraAov Mr)vo<f>i\ov ayopavo^ov KOL Travr)yvptdp^ov TWI/ /x-tyaAwv
ITacrt^ecoj/ Kopos dyi/eta * aprov Xcirpa fiia ovv. ft' ofioXwv y8'.
Ce qui veut dire que sous un tel le pain abondait et etait
bon, qu'il en vendait une piece d'une litra et deux onces pour
deux oboles, comp. C. I. Gr., 2374a (Paros), on loue un agora-
nome d'avoir fait des efforts : OTTOOS 6 Sj/^os [«/] ever^pta
[)^p]c6jU£i/os aprots Kat dA^)trots a)?
AQPEA CITOY TAPCQ. 107
TIKOVS 8*ct TO rrj ISla avrou TroXet TOVTOVS j(apLffao6ai
a(f)opi(Ta? e/r TIOV Ifiiwv yjdpnav irpoaobov ai/oAoyoujuei't/i'
€19 \6<ytt)V TWV aVTWV CtpT(tiV.
Godefroy dans son commentaire au Code Theodosien
(xiv, 2, p. 240, 241) a bien vu que ces KaXajMtav OWTO/KCI
^talent des tesseres en bois tout a fait analogues aux
tesserae frumentariae de E-ome, qui elles aussi etaient
probablement en bois et servaient comme billets autori-
sant une fois pour toutes un citoyen a recevoir son ble
dans les distributions mensuelles.26 C'est ainsi que nous
devons reconstituer le mode des distributions des dons
perpetuels comme celui d'Artabane et de Septime Severe.
On procedait autrement quand il s'agissait d'un don
non periodique d'une fiwped. De grandes tesseres en bois
au nom du participant, ou anonymes, non renouvelables
et qui representaient une valeur qu'on pouvait leguer,
vendre, etc. e*taient inutiles ; on se contentait de couler un
certain nombre de tesserae numariae comme celle de Tarsos,
de Mcee, et celles de Palmyre. En les presentant on
recevait sa portion du don en ble ou autres denrees,
parfois en argent. Une fois la distribution faite les
tesseres perdaient toute valeur, ce qui explique la grande
quantite de tesseres palmyreneennes en terre cuite, qu'on
ne pouvait pas refondre comme celles qui etaient en
plomb.
M. ROSTOWZEW.
PAEIS, le 1 Juillet, 1900.
26 Voy. a ce sujet mon Etude sur les iilombs antiques, dans
Rev. num., 1898, p. 256 suiv.
VI.
L'ATELIEE MONETAIEE DE LONDEES (LON-
DINIUM) PENDANT LA PEEIODE
CONSTANTINIENNE.1
(Voir Planches IV— Y.)
PREMIERE EMISSION.
FRAFPEE depuis le 25 Juillet 306, date de la mort de Con-
stance-Chlore, jmqu'au mois de Mai 309, epoque de la
reconnaissance de Constantin et Maximin Daja comme
Augustes par Galere.
Les monnaies de Maximin Auguste ne paraissent pas
dans cette emission. Elle peut se diviser elle-meme en
deux parties : avant et apres le mariage de Constantin et
de Fausta fille de Maximien Hercule, le 31 Mars 307.
C'est en effet a 1'occasion de ce mariage que Constantin
fat p reclame Auguste a Treves par Maximien Hercule.
En consequence, la premiere partie de 1'emission com-
prend : l°des pieces commemoratives de Constance- Chlore
frappees apres sa mort en 306 ; 2° des monnaies de Severe
Auguste, qui recut ce titre de Galere apres la mort de Con-
stance-Chlore, et qui perit lui-meme en Italic au printemps
1 Le Comte de Salis a publie dans la Numismatic Chronicle
de 1867, New Series, vii., p. 57 et seq., un important travail
sur 1'atelier de Londres : Roman Coins struck in Britain. Je
renverrai aux planches de ce travail pour certaines monnaies
qui y soiit representees.
L* ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 109
de 307 ; 2 3° celles de Maximin Daja ; Cesar depuis 305 ;
et enfin,de Constantin Cesar, qui fut eleve a ce dernier rang
au meme temps que Severe a celui d'Auguste. La seconde
partie comprend tine serie de pieces de Constantin Auguste,
qui porta ce titre sur les monnaies frappees dans ses etats
et dans ceux de Maxence — c'est a dire, en Gaule, Bretagne,
Espagne, Italie, des qu'il eut ete reconnu comme tel par
Maximien Hercule le 31 Mars 307. C'est a cette seconde
partie qu'il faut egalement attribuer, pour des raisons qui
seront exposees plus loin, les monnaies de Maximien
Hercule frappees dans cette periode.
Les monnaies de bronze (folles) de cette emission ont
le plus souvent des poids oscillant entre 8 grammes 50
centigrammes et 6 grammes 30 centigrammes, et des
diametres de 25 a 28 millimetres. Quelques-unes font
neanmoins exception ; ce sont les pieces frappees dans
le courant de 1'annee 306, qui ont encore les poids plus
lourds de 10 et 11 grammes et les diametres de 29 a 30
millimetres des grands folles frappes sous Diocletien et
encore en Tannee 305. II semble que ce fut seulement
apres s'etre rapproche de Maxence, proclame empereur
a Home par un mouvement populaire et pretorien en
Octobre 306, que Constantin fit frapper surtout des
folles de poids reduit pour avoir une monnaie de meme
poids que celle de Maxence. Certaines de ces pieces
meme ne pesent plus que 5 gr. 50 et 5 gr. 30.
2 Severe perit pendant 1' invasion de G-alere en Italie
( Anonymus Valesii, 4, 10, edition Teubner), or le panegyrique
d'Eumene YI, 1 (Maximiano et Constantino) prononce a Treves
le 31 Mars 307, en 1'honneur du manage de Constantin, parle
de 1'invasion de Galere en Italie comme prochaine.
110 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
PREMIERE PARTIE.
Anterieure au 31 Mars 307.
I 3
Avec 1' exergue unique I ^.
On trouve —
I. Au revers. — La legende MEMOEIA FELIX ; et comme
type : un autel allume et orne de guirlandes ;
de chaque cote de la base un aigle.
Au droit.— DIYO CONSTANTIO PIO. Avec sonbuste
laure, voile et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 179;4
BE. MVS. ; 5 25 m.m.
II. Au revers.— GENIO POPYLI EOMANI. Avec le
genie coifie du modius, a demi-nu, debout a
gauche, tenant une patere et une corne d'abon-
ance.
Au droit. 1.— IMP. SEVEEYS P.F. AYG. Sonbuste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Piece inedite ; BE.
MYS. ; 99 m.m. [PL IV., No. 1.]
2. IMP. C. SEYEEYS PIYS FEL. AYG. Son buste
laure, drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 35 ;
BE, MYS. ; 28 m.m.
III. Au revers.— GENIO POP. EOM. Meme type du revers
que pour les pieces precedentes.
Au droit. 1.— GAL. YAL. MAXIMINYS NOB. C.
Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 56 ;
BE. MYS. ; 28 m.m.
3 L' atelier de Londinium fonctionne avec une seule omcine
indiquee dans la plupart des emissions par la lettre P =:
prima, de 306-326.
4 Les numeros indiques de Cohen sont ceux de la deuxieme
edition, tome vii., 1888.
5 Les abbreviations suivantes seront usitees dans ce travail :
BE. MYS. = British Museum ; FE. = Cabinet de France ;
H. MYS. Y. = Hof Museum, Vienne ; les autres collections
sont designees en toutes lettres.
L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. Ill
2. Meme legende. Son buste laure et drape a droite.
Cohen, 57; FE. 8-851.
3. FL. VAL. CONSTANTINVS NOB. C. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Variete inedite
differant par le buste de Cohen, 202 ; BE. MVS.;
26 m.m. [PL IV., No. 2.]
IV. Au revers. — Meme legende. Genie tourele, a demi-nu,
debout a gauche, tenant une pater e et une corne
d'abondance.
Au droit.—¥L. YAL. CONSTANTINYS NOB. C.
Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen,
196 ; BE. MYS. ; FE. 9091; 8 gr. 50 ; 27 m.m.
Y. Au revers.— MAES YICTOE. Mars nu, marchant a
droite, avec le manteau flottant, portant une
haste et un trophee.
Au droit.—¥L. YAL. CONSTANTINYS NOB. C. Son
buste laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No.
322 ; BE. MYS. ; 26 m.m.
VI. Au revers.— MAETI PACIF. Mars marchant a gauche,
tenant une branche d'olivier de la main droite,
et de la gauche une haste et un bouclier.
Au droit.—YL. YAL. CONSTANTINYS NOB. C. Son
buste laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No.
356 ; BE. MYS. ; FE. 9121 ; 6 gr. 20 ; 26 m.m.
VII. Au revers.— EOMAE AETEE. Eome assise & gauche
dans un temple a six colonnes, tenant un sceptre
4 et un globe.
Au droit.—'FL. YAL. CONSTANTINYS NOB. C. Son
buste laure et cuirasse a droite ; piece inedite.
BE. MYS. ; 26 m.m. [PI. IV., No. 3.] 6
6 L' atelier de Londinium, sous le regne de Constantin Cesar
et Auguste, emit les pieces de cet empereur en beaucoup plus
grand nombre que celles de ses contemporains. Dans d'autres
ateliers, comme a Tarragone pour Maxence, Constantin fit
f rapper en plus grand nombre les monnaies d'un empereur
allie.
112 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
DEUXIEME P ARTIE.
Avec 1' exergue unique
PLN
Cette partie de remission est caracterisee par les
monnaies de Constantin Auguste et par les poids reduits
de ses folles oscillant entre 7 et 5 grammes 30 centi-
grammes. Elle fut frappee dans le courant de 307, en
effet une emission correspondante de Rome, ou apparaissent
egalement pour la premiere f ois les monnaies de Oonstantin
Auguste, est anterieure a la prise du consulat en commun
par Maxence et Romulus, en Avril 3087 Or si Maxence
faisait f rapper en 307 les monnaies de Constantin avec le
titre d' Auguste a Rome, c'est que ce dernier avait pris
ce titre dans les propres etats, et des lors le temoignage
du panegyrique d'Eumene VI (Maximiano et Constan-
tino), prononce a Treves le 31 Mars 307, a 1'occasion
du mariage de Constantin et de Fausta, se trouve con-
firme. Ce panegyrique officiel dit que Constantin
ajouta alors a son titre de Cesar ceux d'Empereur et
d' Auguste.8 C'est done au 31 Mars 307 que nous
placerons le debut de cette emission.
D'autre part elle cessa d'etre frappee en Mai 309. En
effet, elle lie contient pas de pieces de Maximin Daja —
Auguste. Et c'est au debut de 309 que Maximin Daja
prit de lui-meme ce titre; c'est en Mai 309 que Gralere,
chef de la tetrarchie imperiale, le lui reconnut,9 ainsi qu'a
f Jules Maurice, Eatelier monetaire de Rome pendant la
periode Constantinienne. Revue Numismatique, 1899, pp. 343-344.
8 Eumene, Panegyrique vi., c. 1 ; Constantin est appele
( Oriens imperator). 11 est dit (f.i'bi Ccesari additwn nomen imperil).
Maximin Hercule et Constantin sont appeles tous deux
(Imperatores Augusti).
9 Jules Maurice, Emissions monetaires de V atelier d'Antioche.
Num. Chron., 1899, p. 218.
I/ ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES.
Constantin. A partir de cette epoque, comme on le verra
plus loin, Constantin fit f rapper les monnaies de Licinius
et de Maximin Augustes.10
L'on trouve —
I. Au revers.— GENIO POP. EOM. Avec le genie tourele,
a demi-nu, debout a gauche, tenant une patere
et une corne d'abondance.
Audrott. 1.— IMP. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son
buste laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No.
199 ; BE. MYS. ; 26 m.m. Musee de Turin.
2. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Meme buste ;
variete inedite; BE. MYS.
3. IMP. MAX1MIANYS P.P. AYG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 138 de
Maximien Hercule. FE. 8099.
II. Meme legende du revers et meme type, mais avec
le genie coiffe du modius.
Audroit. 1.— IMP. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Son
buste laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No.
204 ; FE. 9-095 ; 6 gr. 92 ; 26 m.m.
2. IMP. MAXIMIANYS P.F. AYG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 143 de
Maximien Hercule ; u BE. MYS. ; 7 gr. 38 ;
25 a 28 m.m.
10 II est a remarquer que 1' atelier de Londres ne frappa pen-
dant la periode Constantinienne aucune piece de Maxence,
dont Constantin faisait pourtant emettre de tres nombreuses
monnaies SL Tarragone. Cela prouve que les divers ateliers d'un
meme empereur etaient charges parfois de frappes speciales,
et avaient des attributions particulieres.
11 Les deux pieces qui portent la legende Imp. Maximianm
P.F. Aug. doivent etre placees dans cette partie de remission
a cause de leurs poids et par suite sont attribuables a Max-
imien Hercule. Hercule avait en eff et repris le titre d Auguste
en venant secourir son fils Maxence contre Severe, qui
avait envahi 1'Italie par ordre de Galere en Fevrier 307. Cf.
Lactantius, de Mort. Pers., c. xxvi. Constantin de son cote
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. Q
114 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
III. Au revers.— MAETI PATEI PEOPVG. Mars nu, le
manteau flottant, marcliant a droite en posture
de combattant, tenant une haste traasversale et
un bouclier.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINYS P. AVG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 363; BE.
MVS. ; FE. 9129 ; 6 gr. 29 ; 25 m.m.
2. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AYG. Meme buste
(ces bustes different de ceux de Cohen, en ce
qu'ils ne sont pas drapes). Cohen, 364 ; BE.
MVS. ; FE. 9130 ; 5 gr. 31 ; 26 m.m.12
IV. Au revers.— PEINCIPI IVVENTVTIS. Constantin
en habit militaire debout de face, regardant d
gauche, et tenant deux enseignes militaires
surmontees de drapeaux.
Au droit.— IMP. CONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son
buste laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 444 ;
BR. MVS. ; 26 m.m.
DEUXIEME EMISSION.
Frappee depuis la reconnaissance de Maximin Daja et
de Constantin comme Augustes par Galere en Mai 309
jusqu'a la mort de Maximin Daja en Juin 313.13
Les noms de Licinius et de Maxirnin Augustes apparais-
sent dans cette emission sur des pieces identiques quant
au reste, qui ne se distinguent que par les noms et les
effigies des empereurs et qu'il y a tout lieu de considerer
frappa dans 1' atelier de Tarragone des monnaies a 1'emgie
de Maxence Auguste et en 307 conclut une sorte d' alliance
avec cet empereur revolte centre Galere dont il ne dut plus
emettre les monnaies. Les monnaies de Galere avaient ete
frappees SL Londres en 305.
12 De Salis, loc. cit.t Num. Chron., 1867, pi. iii., No. 9.
13 C'est au 30 Avril 313 que Maximin est battu par Licinius d
Tzirallum en Thrace. II se rend ensuite a Tarse au sud du
Taurus et fait de nouveaux preparatifs de guerre jusqu'd
sa mort en Juin. Cf. Lactantius, c. 45.; Zosime, ii., 17.
Ckronicon Paschale.
115
comme ayant e*te frappees en meme temps. Cependant
Licinius fut reconnu Auguste par Galere le 11 Novembre
308 a la conference de Carnuntum,14 ou se reunirent lea
empereurs Diocletien, Maximien^Hercule, et Galere ; tandis
que Maximin Daja ne le fut qu'en Mai 309, apres avoir
usurpe ce titre d 'Auguste. .
Constantin pourtant ne semble avoir frappe leurs pieces
a Londres qu'en meme temps ; et une Emission de Tar*
ragone ou les monnaies semblables de Licinius et de
Maximin sont plus nombreuses que celles frappees a
Londres confirme cette maniere de voir.
II en resulte que Constantin ne fit frapper les pieces
de Licinius Auguste qu'apres avoir etc* reconnu lui-
meme comme tel ainsi que Maximin Daja au prin-
temps de 309, que par suite il ne reconnut ni les decisions
des empereurs reunis a Carnuntum, ni I'autorite' de
Galere jusqu'a cette epoque. Les folles de cette emission
ont des poids oscillant entre 4 grammes 90 centigrammes
et 3 grammes 70 c. ; des dia metres de 22 a 23 milli-
metres. L' Emission comprend deux series contemporaines.
PREMIERE SERIE.
i *
Signe et lettres dans le champ et exergue '
On trouve —
I. Au revert.— GENIO POP. EOM. Genie tourele, a demi-
nu, debout a gauche, tenant une patere et une
corne d'abondance.
Audroit. 1.— IMP. LICINIYS P.F. AVG. SOD buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 53 ; BE,.
MVS. ; FE. 14124 ; 4 gr. 70 ; 22 m.m. [PI. IV.,
No, 4.]
14 Idat. Fast. : Decies et Maximiano Hercule et Galerio
vii., Conss.
116 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
2. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a
gauche. BE. MYS. Piece inedite.
3. IMP. MAXIMINYS P.F. AYG. Son buste laure
et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 69 ; BE. MYS. ;
FE. 14037-38 ; 22 m.m. [PI. IV., No. 5.]
4. IMP. MAXIMINYS P. AYG. Meme buste.
Cohen, 72 ; BE. MYS. ; FE. 14034 ; 4 gr. 0*60 ;
22 m.m.
5. Des monnaies analogues de Constantin Auguste
doivent avoir ete frappees.
II. Au revers. — La meme legende et le meme type, mais avec
le genie coiffe du modius.
Au droit.—TMP. LICINIYS P.F. AYG. Son buste laure
et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 44. Musee de Turin.
III. Au revers.— PEINCIPI IYYENTYTIS. Constantin
laure, en habit militaire et le manteau tombant,
debout a gauche, tenant un globe et une haste
renversee.
Audroit. I.— CONST ANTINYS AYG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 427 ;
H. MYS, Y.
2. Son buste casque et cuirasse a gauche, tenant une
haste et un bouclier. Cohen, 428 ; H. MYS. Y.
3. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 429 ; BE. MYS ; 24
m.m.; 4 gr. 47; FE. 14776; 4 gr. 40; 22
m.m.
4. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a
gauche. Piece inedite. BE. MYS.
5. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 431 ; FE. 14775 ;
4 gr. 70; 22 m.m.
6. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son buste casque et
cuirasse a gauche, tenant une haste dirigee en
avant et un bouclier. Cohen, 436 : BE. MYS :
4 gr. 35 ; 23 m.m.
I/ATELIER MONET AIRE DE LONDRES. 117
7. CONSTANTINVS AYG-. Son buste casque et
cuirasse a gauche, tenant une haste sur 1'epaule
et un bouclier. Cohen, 433 ; FE. 14777.
IV. Au revers. — Meme legende, avec Constantin en habit
militaire et le manteau tombant, debout a
gauche, tenant deux enseignes militaires, sur-
montes de drapeaux.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son buste
cuirasse a gauche, avec le casque laure, tenant
une haste sur 1'epaule et un bouclier. Piece
inedite. BE. MVS. ; 22 m.m.
2. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 449 ; BE. MVS. ;
FE. 14782 ; 4 gr. 15 ; 22 m.m.
3. Meme legende. Son buste cuirasse a gauche avec
le casque laure, tenant une haste dirigee en
avant et un bouclier. Piece inedite. BE. MVS. ;
23 m.m.
V. Au Tews.— COMITI AVGG. NN. Le soleil radie\ a
demi-nu et le manteau flottant, debout de face,
regardant a gauche, tenant un globe dans la
main droite et un f ouet de la gauche.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son buste
laure et drape a gauche, tenant une haste dirigee
en avant et un bouclier. Cohen, No. 40 ; FE.
14494; 4gr. 67; 23 m.m.
2. Meme legende. Son buste cuirasse a gauche avec le
casque laure, tenant une haste sur 1'epaule et
un bouclier. Cohen, No. 41; FE. 14495 a
14497 ; 4 gr. 20 ; 23 m.m.
3. Meme legende. Son buste cuirasse a gauche avec le
casque laure, tenant une victoire sur un globe.
Piece inedite. BE. MVS. [PI. IV., No, 6.]
4. Meme legende. Son buste casque, drape et cuirasse
a gauche, tenant un globe, surmonte d'une
victoire, qui le couronne. Cohen, No. 42 ; BE.
MVS.
5. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite.
Cohen, No. 43 ; H. MVS. V. ; 25-920.
118 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
6. CONSTANTINVS P. AG. (sic}. Son buste diademe
et cuirasse a gauche, ayant la tete de Meduse
sur la poitrine et tenant un sceptre surmonte
d'un aigle. Cohen, No. 44 ; FE. 14499 ; 3 gr.
85 ; 23 m.m.
7. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Son buste casque et
cuirasse a gauche, avec le casque laure, tenant
une haste et un bouclier. Coheji, Nos. 45 et 46 ;
BE. MVS. ; 23 m.m. ; FE. 14498—14502 ; Musee
Brer a, Milan.
8. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite.
Cohen, No. 48 ; BE. MVS. ; 23 m.m.
9. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Son buste laure et cuirasse
a gauche, tenant un sceptre surmonte d'un
aigle. Piece inedite. BE. MVS. ; 23 m.m. [PI.
IV., No. 7,]
10. CONSTANTINVS AG. (sic). Son buste laur<5 et
cuirasse & gauche, tenant une haste et un bou-
clier. Cohen, No. 50 ; BE. MVS.
VI. Au revert.— COMITI AAVVGG. Meme type. Le soleil
radie, a demi-nu, debout a gauche, tenant un
globe et un fouet.
Audroit. 1.— IMP. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 3 ; FE.
14094.A.
2. IMP. MAXIMINVS P.F. AVG. Buste analogue.
Cohen, No. 5 ; BE. MVS.
3. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Buste analogue.
Cohen, No. 55 ; BE. MVS.
VII. Au revers.— CONCOED. MILIT. La Concorde drapee,
debout a gauche, tenant deux enseignes mili-
taires.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 56 ; BE.
MVS. ; 22 m.m. ; FE. 14504, 14505.
2. Meme legende. Son buste cuirasse a gauche, avec le
casque laure, tenant une haste et un bouclier.
Piece inedite. H. MVS. V., 25-927.
L* ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 119
3. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Son buste cuirasse a gauche,
avecle casque laure, tenant une haste sur 1'epaule
et un bouclier. Cohen, No. 57 ; FE. 14503.
4. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 60 ; FE. 14506 ;
4 gr. 90.
5. Meme legende. Son buste cuirasse d gauche avec un
casque a cimier laure et tres orne, tenant une
haste sur 1'epaule et un bouclier. Cohen, No.
61 ; BE. MYS. ; H. MVS. Y. [PI. IV., No. 8.]
6. CONSTANTINYS P. AG. (sic}. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a gauche, tenant un sceptre surmonte
d'un aigle. Piece inedite. BE. MYS.
Y1II. Au revers.— CONCOEDIA MILITYM. La Concorde
drapee debout a gauche, tenant deux enseignes
militaires.
Au droit.— CONSTANTINYS AYG. Son buste casque
et cuirasse a gauche, tenant une haste et un
bouclier. Cohen, No. 69 ; FE.
IX. Au revers.— SPES EEIPYBL. Constantin a cheval a
gauche, levant la main droite et tenant une
haste ; devant lui un captif assis, que le cheval
foule au pied.
Au droit.— CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 553 ;
BE. MYS. ; 23 m.m.
X. Au revers.— SPES EEIPYBLICAE. Constantin a cheval
& gauche, tenant une haste et levant la main
droite ; meme captif devant lui.
Au droit.— CONSTANTINYS AYG. Son buste casque
et cuirasse & gauche, tenant une haste sur
1'epaule et un bouclier. Cohen, No. 555 ; FE.
15023; 4 gr. 15; 22 m.m.
XI. Au revers.— SOLI INYICTO COMITI. Le soleil radie,
a demi-nu, debout de. face, regardant a gauche,
levant la main droite et tenant nn globe.
120 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Au droit.— CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 525 ; FE.
14893; 4gr. 62; 22 m.m.
Les pieces suivantes ont du etre f rappees dans les
annees 312 et 313.
Le No. 397 de Constantin le Grand dans Cohen, repris
de Mionnet, et ainsi decrit : —
XII. Au rwers.— P.M. TE. P. COS. II. P.P. Femme assise
sur une double corne d'abon dance, tenant un
baton de la main droite; dans le champ, un astre ;
a 1' exergue, PLN.
Au droit. — ....
Ce petit bronze est date de Tannee 312, par le consulat
de Constantin ; 1'etoile dans le champ et F exergue in-
diquent qu'elle fait partie de 1'emission presente.
Les pieces qui suivent, portant la legende Adventus Aug.,
doivent se rapporter a la premiere entree ou Adventus
Dim 15 de Constantin a Rome le 28 Octobre 312. Leur
presence dans cette emission confirme leur attribution
a Pepoque de 1'entree de Constantin a Home.
XIII. Au rever*.— ADYENTYS AYG. Constantin a cheval
a gauche, levant la main droite et tenant une
haste; devant lui un captif assis a terre, que
le cheval foule au pied.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son buste
vu de dos, casque et cuirasse a gauche, tenant
une haste et un bouclier. Cohen, No. 1 ; FE.
14454 ; 4 gr. 38 ; BE. MYS.
2. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Son buste cuirasse a
gauche avec le casque laure, tenant une haste et
un bouclier. Cohen, No. 2 ; FE. 14453 ; 4 gr.
20 ; 24 m.m. BE. MYS. Yariete, meme buste
sans la couronne de laurier au casque; BE. MYS.
15 Indique dansle Calendrier de Philocalus, C.I.L., I., p. 397.
L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 121
3. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse" si
gauche, tenant une haste et un bouclier. Piece
inedite. BE. MYS. ; 22 m.m. ; 4 gr. 60. [PL
IV., No. 9.]
4. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AYG. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 3 ; FB. 14455,
14456 ; 22 m.m. ; BE. MYS.
XIY. Au revers. — ADYENTYS AYGK N. Constantin a cheval
a gauche, levant la main droite et tenant une
haste ; devant lui un captif assis a terre, que
le cheval foule au pied.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son buste
casque et cuirasse a gauche, tenant une haste et
un bouclier. Cohen, No. 6 ; FE.; H. MYS. Y.,
25-893.
2. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite.
Cohen, No. 7 ; BE. MYS.
3. CONSTANTINYS P. AYGK Meme buste. Cohen,
No. 8 ; BE. MYS.
XY. Au revers.— ADYENTYS AYGG. NN. Meme type.
Au droit.— CONSTANTINYS P. AYGK Son buste
casque, avec le casque radie et cuirasse, a gauche,
tenant une haste sur Tepaule et un bouclier.
Piece inedite. BE. MYS. ; 22 m.m.16
Cette piece de Londres est inedite dans la serie
des monnaies de Constantin le Grand. Une piece d'or
de Siscia attribuable a une emission contemporaine et
f rappee a Teffigie de Licinius I (Cohen, 143) porte comme
legende du revers : Profectio Augg. Ces deux legendes
peuvent avoir ete frappees a Foccasion de la rencontre
des deux empereurs a Milan en fevrier 313 (conference de
Milan et mariage de Licinius et de Constantia).
16 De Salis, loc. cit., p. 59, a egalement indique la legende
du revers ADYENTYS AVG. NN. (sic) qui est une variante
de celle-ci.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. R
122 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
DEUXIEME SERIE.
Signe et lettres dans le champ et exergue : *
On trouve —
I. Au r ever 8.— GENIO POP. EOM. Genie tourele, a
demi-nu, debout a gauche, tenant une patere et
une corne d'abondance.
Au droit. 1.— IMP. LICINIYS P.F. AYG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 53 ; BE.
MYS. ; 22 m.m.
2 et 3. — Des pieces analogues de Maximin et de Con-
stantin Augustes peuvent se placer ici, comme
dans la premiere serie. Ces deux series sont
en effet contemporaines, ainsi que le prouvent
les poids semblables de leurs folles et 1'analogie
de leurs legendes et de leurs types de revers.
II. Au revers.— PEINCIPI IYYENTYTIS. Constantin
laure, debout a droite, en habit militaire et le
manteau tombant, tenant une haste transversale
et un globe.
Au droit. 1.— IMP. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Son
buste laure et cuirasse a droite- Piece inedite ;
voisine de Cohen, No. 416 ; BE. MYS.; 23 m.m.
2. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYGK Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 418 ; BE. MYS. ;
FE. 14778.
III. Au revers.— SECYEITAS AYGG. La Securite, debout
de face, les jambes croisees, regardant a gauche,
posant la main droite sur sa tete et appuyee
sur une colonne.
Au droit. 1. -CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 491 ;
H. MYS. Y. ; 21 m.m.
123
2. OONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son buste casque et
cuirasse a gauche avec le casque laure, tenant
une haste dirigee en avant et un bouclier.
Cohen, No. 492 ; BE. MVS. [PL IV., No. 10.]
3. IMP. LICINIVS P. AYG. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 154, rectifie ;
au revers la Securite regarde a gauche. FB.
14265 ; 3 gr. 80 ; 22 m.m.
IY. Au revers.— FELICITAS AVGG. NN. La Felicite ou
Borne, casquee, assise a gauche, tenant un
rameau et un globe.
Au drott. I— OONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 143 ;
FE. 14577.
2. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 144 ; H. MVS. V.
3. Meme legende. Son buste casque et cuirasse a
gauche, tenant une haste et un bouclier. Piece
inedite. BE. MYS. ; 23 m.m.
V. Au revers.— MAETI CONSEEYATOEI. Mars en habit
militaire et le manteau tombant, debout a
droite, tenant une haste renversee et appuye sur
un bouclier.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINYS AYG. Son buste
casque et cuirasse a gauche avec le casque tres
orne, tenant une haste sur 1'epaule et un bouclier.
Piece inedite. BE. MYS. ; 22 m.m. [PI. IV.,
No. 11.]
2. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 338 ; H. MYS. Y. ;
4 gr. 25.
3. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Son buste laure,
drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 341 ;
H. MVS. V.
124 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
VI. AU revers.— SOLI INVIOTO COMITI. Le soleil radie,
a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant a gauche,
levant la main droite et tenant un globe.17
Audroit. 1.— IMP. CONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son
buste laure, drape et cuirass6 a droite. Cohen,
No. 534; BE. MVS. ; 21 m.m.
2. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Son buste
laure" et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 536 ; BE.
MVS. ; ou son buste laure et drape a droite.
Turin.
VII. An revere.— EOMAE EESTITVTAE. Eome casquee,
assise a gauche, tenant un rameau et un globe.
Audroit. }.— CONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son buste
a gauche avec le casque laure, arme d'une haste
et d'un bouclier. Cohen, No. 474 ; H. MVS. V.
26-255 ; BE. MVS. [PL IV., No. 12.]
2. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite.
Piece inedite. BE. MVS. ; 23 m.m.
3. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 475 ; BE. MVS. ;
FE. 14858 ; 3 gr. 97 ; 22 m.m.
La legende du revers Romae Restitutae, commune a ces
trois pieces, doit faire allusion a la prise de Eome par
Con stan tin apres la bataille du Pont Milvius le 28
Octobre 312.
Cette emission dut se terminer apres la mort de
Maximin Daja en Juin 313, lorsque les monnaies de cet
empereur cesserent d'etre frappees. A partir de ce moment,
il dut y avoir une premiere frappe de monnaies (de
bronze) presentant la legende Soli Invicto Comiti et les
m I Tji o I -pi
lettres du revers et exergue e^ Tvj aux effigies
17 Des inonnaies portant les memes legendes Marti Con-
servatori et Soli Invicto Comiti^ et otfrant les memes types du
revers que ceux des pieces ci-dessus, furent frappees a Tarra-
gone dans une emission contemporaine de celle-ci.
I/ ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 125
de Constantin I et de Licinius I; monnaies que j'ai
placees dans les emissions de 314, 315 et 316. Mais
il est impossible de Taffirmer tant que Ton n'aura
pas constate qu'il existe un assez grand nombre de
pieces de Licinius I d'un poids sensiblement superieur
a celui du denier de bronze dont la frappe commence
en 315.18 L'emission de ces pieces devrait en effet
dans ce cas avoir eu lieu pendant la periode de paix
oft Constantin et Licinius furent seuls empereurs avant
leur premiere guerre, qui eut lieu en 314.
Les monnaies de Constantin que je vais decrire sont
certainement d'un poids superieur aux deniers de bronze
frappes en 315. Ce sont de petits folles d'un poids
analogue a ceux de la fin de remission precedente et qui
ont du etre frappes eu 314 a 1'effigie de Constantin
se ul pendant sa guerre avec Licinius.
TROISIEME EMISSION.
(Frappee en 314.)
Lettres dans le champ et exergue ' .
Jr L^l
Les petits folles de cette emission pesent de 4 gr. 10
a 5 gr. 30.
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— SOLI INYICTO COMITI. Le soleil radie,
a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant d gauche,
levant la main droite et tenant un globe.
Audroit. 1.— IMP. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Son
buste laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 534 ;
FE. 9163 ; 5 gr. 20 ; 22 m.m. ; 14922-947-
948 ; 4 gr. 30 ; 22 m.m.
18 A Tarragone une emission de monnaies de cette sorte
parut en effet en 313-314.
126 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
2. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AVG. Sonbuste laure
et cuirasse, ou laure, drape et cuirasse a droite.
Cohen, No. 536 ; BE. MVS. ; 23 m.m. ; FK.
15013 ; 4 gr. 12 ; 23 m.m. [PL IV., No. 13].
Constant in et Licinius sont consuls eponymes de Fannee
315.19 A partir du ler Janvier 315, date de leur prise en
commun du consulat par Constantin I et Licinius I et
de leur rapprochement officiel apres la guerre de 314 ;
les pieces de ces deux Augustes sont frappees simultane'-
ment dans les ateliers d'Occident et a Rome. L'emission de
monnaies de bronze qui eut lieu en 315 et en 316 presente
dans laplupart des ateliers plusieurs series contemporaines,
differant les unes des autres soit par des exergues soit par
des lettres ou des chiffres dans le champ du revers des
monnaies.
La frappe des monnaies de Licinius ne s'interrompt
plus, dans les ateliers de Constantin, a partir de 1'annee
315 jusqu'a la seconde guerre entre ces empereurs en
324, guerre suivie de la mort de Licinius en 325.
QUATRIEME EMISSION.
Frappee depuis le ler Janvier 315, date de la prise en
commun du consulat par Constantin et Licinius, jusqu'au
ler Mars 317, date de 1'elevation des Cesars.
Les monnaies de bronze de cette emission ont le poids
moyen du denier de bronze de Constantin, 3 grammes
•50 centigrammes,20 dont le signe X se trouve sur les
monnaies de bronze de remission contemporaine de
19 Cf . Idat. Fast. ; Chronicon Paschale ; Chronographe de 354 ;
Monumenta Gernianiae historica, ix, 67 ; A.nonymus Valesii 5,
19.
20 0. Seeck, die Ifiinzpolitik Diocletians u.s. NacJifolger
(Zeitschrift f. Numismatik, xvii., p. 129).
I/ ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 127
Patelier de Eome ;21 leur diametre est de 20 £ 21 milli-
metres. C'est done en 315 que Pespece du denier de
bronze commenca a etre frappee dans Patelier de Londres
comme a celui de Rome.
PREMIERE SERIE.
T I F
22
Lettres dans le champ et exergue
On trouve —
Au rtvers.—SOLL INVICTO COMITI. Avec le soleil
radie, a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant a
gauche, levant la main droite et tenant un globe.
Au droit. I .—CONSTANTINYS AYG. Son buste laure,
drape et euirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 521 ;
BE. MVS. ; 2 gr. 98 ; 20 m.m.
2. CONSTANTINVS P. AYG. Meme buste. Cohen,
No. 524 ; FE. 14888 ; denier, BE. MYS.
3. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 525 ; FE. 14895.
4. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P. AYG. Son buste laure
et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 534 ; BE.
MYS. ; 3 gr. 0-5 ; 20 m.m.
5. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Meme buste.
Cohen, No. 536; BE. MYS.; 3 gr. 30.;
20 m.m.
6. IMP. LICINIYS P.F. AYG. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 163; BE. MYS. ;
20 m.m.
81 Jules Maurice, Z' atelier monetaire de Rome (Revue
Numismatique, 1899, p. 468).
22 J'ai donne (dans les Memoires de la Societe Nationale des
Antiquaires de France, pour 1900) les raisons pour lesquelles
il n'etait pas impossible que la lettre F fut la premiere lettre
de 1'adjectif Flavianus, et indiqua la dynastie des Flaviens,
ou les princes qui ont porte le gentilice Flavius.
128 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
o -pi
Lettres dans le champ et exergue — J
On trouve —
I. Avec la meme legende, SOLI INVIOTO COMITI,
et le ineme type du revers.
1. Le No. 521 de Constantin le Grand dans Cohen, deja
decrit. FE. 14887 ; 3 gr. 90 ; BE. MYS. ;
2 gr. 98 ; 20 m.m.
2. Au rfm'*.— CONSTANTINYS AVG. Son buste casque
et cuirasse a gauche avec le casque tres orne,
tenant une haste sur l'6paule et un bouclier.
Cohen, No. 523; FE. 14884; 3 gr. 70;
BE. MYS. denier. [PL V., No. 1.]
3. Le No. 525 de Constantin dans Cohen, deja decrit.
FE. 14895.
4. IMP. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 530; FE. 14915.
5. Le No. 534 de Constantin dans Cohen, deja decrit.
FE. 14921 ; 2 gr. 55; 21 m.m.
6. Le No. 536 de Constantin dans Cohen, deja decrit.
BE. MYS.; 21 m.m.; FE. 14920; 3 gr. 50;
20 m.m.
II. Au revers.— GENIO POP. EOM. Genie tourele, a demi-
nu, debout a gauche, tenant une patere et une
corne d'abondance.
Audroit. 1.— IMP. LICINIYS P.F. AYG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 53;
BE. MYS.; 3 gr. 49; 20 m.m.; FE. 14123,
14124.
2. Une piece analogue de Constantin doit se placer
probablement ici comme dans les autres series
contemporaines.
L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 129
III. Aurever*.— ADVENTVS AVG. N.23 Constantin a cheval
a gauche, levant la main droite et tenant une
haste transversale.
Au droit. 1.— IMP. CONSTANTINYS AVG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Piece inedite. BE.
MVS.; 3 gr. 30; 21 m.m. H. MVS. V.
25-894. [PI. V., No. 2.]
2. Meme legende. Son buste casque et cuirasse a gauche,
tenant une haste et un bouclier. Cohen, No. 9 ;
BE. MYS. ; 3 gr. 10 ; 20 m.m.
DEUXIEME
o I -ri
Lettres dans le champ et exergue if-r!r t
M. LL
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— PEINCIPI IVYENTVTIS. Constantin en
habit militaire et avec le manteau tombant,
tenant une haste transversale et un globe.
Au droit.— IMP. CONSTANTINVS AYG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Piece inedite. BE.
MYS. ; 21 m.m. H. MYS. Y. [PI. V., No. 3.]25
II. Au revers.— ADYENTYS AYG. N. Constantin a cheval a
gauche, levant la main droite et tenant une haste.
23 Le second Adventus Dim du Calendrier de Philocalus,
ainsi que 1'a demontre Mommsen, C.I.L., 1, p. 397, doit
se rapporter au 18 Juillet, 315. La presence de la legende
Adventus Aug. N. montre que cette emission a du etre frappee
a 1'occasion de cette entree de Constantin a Eome.
24 Je ne distingue les series de cette emission que par les
exergues. Avec chaque exergue particulier, PLN, MLL,
MSL, et MLN, se presentent des lettres diverses dans le
champ, T.F et S.F., ou S.F. et S.P. Si Ton admet, comme je
1'ai suppose, que les lettres F et P sont les premieres des
adjectiis Flaviana, Perpetua, il en resulte que les premieres
lettres representent des substantifs tels que Tranquillitas,
Securitas ; et il n'est pas etonnant que deux de ces formules
aient ete frappees dans une meme serie.
25 De Salis, loe. cit., PL III., No. 12.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. S
130 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Au droit.— IMP. CONSTANTINVS AYG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Piece inedite. BE.
MVS. ; 3 gr. 63 ; 20 m.m.26 ; deja decrite.
III. Au revers.— GENIO POP. EOM. Genie tourele, d
demi-nu, debout a gauche, tenant une patere et
une corne d'abondance.
Au droit. 1.— IMP. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 53 ; FR.
14122 ; 3 gr. 80 ; 21 m.m.
2. Une piece de Constantin Auguste doit sans doute se
placer ici.
IV. Au revers.— MAETI CONSEEVATOEL Mars en habit
militaire et avec un manteau, debout de face,
regardant d gauche, tenant une haste renversee
et appuye sur un bouclier.
Au droit.— IMP. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 352 ;
BE. MYS. ; 3 gr. 63.
Y. Au revers.— SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Avec le type
du revers deja decrit.
Au droit.— IMP. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Meme buste.
Cohen, No. 530 ; BE. MYS. ; FE. 14907 ;
20 m.m.
TROISIEME SERIE.
O I
Lettres dans le champ Q\ exergue *
M o Ju
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— SOLI INYICIO COMITI. Le soleil radie,
a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant a gauche,
levant la main \iroite et tenant un globe.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINYS AYG. Cohen, No. 521 ;
deja decrity FE. 14886 ; 3 gr. 32 ; 21 m.m.
26 Cette piece, coming ^ precedente, doit se rapporter a
1'entree de Constantin £ mtjae le 18 Juillet 315.
131
2. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Cohen, No. 530 ;
deja decrit. BR. MVS. ; 20 m.m. ; FR. 14908 ;
3 gr. 60 ; 20 m.m.
3. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AG. («w). Son buste laure
et cuirasse a droite. Piece inedite. BR. MVS. ;
3 gr. 50 ; 21 m.m.
4. IMP. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Son buste laure et
cuirasse & droite. Cohen, No. 163 ; BR. MVS. ;
21 m.m.
II. Au rev&rs.— GENIO POP. ROM. Le genie tourele, a
demi-nu, debout a gauche, tenant une patere et
une corne d'abondance.
Au droit.—mP. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 53 ; BR.
MVS.; 21 m.m.
S I T*
Lettres dans le champ et exergue ' *
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Avec le type
qui vient d'etre decrit.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 524 ;
BR. MVS. ; 20 m.m.
27 Le sens de la lettre P n'a pas ete fixe definitivement, mais
1'on peut supposer qu'elle est la premiere lettre de 1'adjectif
Perpetuus, qui se trouve dans plusieurs legendes des monnaies
et medaillons de cette epoque.
En groupant les deniers de bronze frappes un peu plus tard
(317-324) avec la legende Victoriae Laetae Princ. Perp., j'ai
observe que la lettre P, qui se trouve seule sur le devant de
Fautel place au milieu du champ de certaines de ces monnaies,
est remplacee sur d'autres pieces par la lettre R, les deux
formant le cycle PR, qui se lit partout Perpetua ( Vota]. A la
meme place sur d'autres pieces encore se trouve la lettre C,
que je ne puis expliquer a moins que ce ne soit le nom lui-
meme de 1'empereur Constantin.
132
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
2. Meme legende. Meme buste & gauche. Piece
inedite. BE. MVS. ; 21 m.m. [PI. V., No. 4.]
3. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Son buste laure a
gauche, avec le manteau imperial. Cohen,
No. 533 ; FK. 14919 ; 3 gr. 50 ; 20 m.m.
4. IMP. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 163 ; BE. MVS.,
le buste laure, drape et cuirasse. FE. 14271.
II. Meme legende du revers, avec le soleil radie dans
une quadrige de face, se tournant a gauche,
levant la main droite et tenant un globe, avec
un fouet.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 547 ;
FE. 15021 ; 2 gr. 60; 21 m.m.
2. IMP. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 164 ; BE. MVS. ;
20 m.m.
QUATRIEME SERIE.
S I F
Lettres dans le champ et exergue
MLN
On trouve —
Au revers.— SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Le soleil radie,
a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant a gauche,
levant la main droite et tenant un globe.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINVS P. AVG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 524 ;
FE. 14885 ; 3 gr. 50. [PL V., No. 5.]
2. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Meme buste. Cohen,
No. 530; FE. 14908; 3 gr. 60; 21 m.m.
BE. MVS.
3. IMP. LICINIVS P. AVG. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 161 ; FE. 14266 ;
3 gr. 35 ; 21 m.m.
L' ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 133
a I ~P
Lettres dans le champ et exergue ^j^
On trouve — •
I. Au revers.—SOIA INVICTO COMITI., avec le type
qui vient d'etre decrit.
Au droit. I. — Le No. 524 de Constantin dans Cohen.
BE. MVS.
2. Le No. 530 de Constantin dans Cohen. BE. MVS. ;
20 m.m.
3. IMP. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Son buste laure, drape
et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 163 ; FE.
14269, 14270 ; 3 gr. 20 ; 20 m.m.
II. Au revers.— GENIO POP. EOM. Avec le genie tourele,
a demi-nu, debout a gauche, tenant une patere
et une corne d'abondance.
Au droit. 1.— IMP. CONSTANTIN VS AVG. ^ Son
buste laure et cuirasse a droite. Piece inedite.
BE. MVS. ; 21 m.m.
2. Une piece de Licinius Auguste doit se rencontrer ici
comme dans les autres series contemporaines.
CINQUIEME EMISSION.
Frappee depuis le lcr Mars 317, date de 1'election des
Cesars, Crispus, Constantin II et Licinius II ; 28 jusqu'a
1'annee 320 ou furent comptes leurs Vota V.
Les monnaies de bronze de cette emission sont des
28 On a pour etablir cette date de 1' election des Cesars les
temoignages des textes les plus autorises sur la chronologie
de cette epoque.
1. Les Fastes d'ldacei (Gallicano et Basso. His conss.
levati tres Caesares : Crispus, Licinius et Con-
stantinus, die Kal. Mart).
2. Le Chronicon Paschale donne la meme date et le
134 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
deniers du systeme de Constantin, d'un poids moyen de
3 grammes 50 centigrammes, mais presentant des varia-
tions au dessus ou au dessous de ce poids. Les diametres
de ces pieces varient entre 18 et 20 millimetres et
sont legerement inferieurs a ceux des deniers de 1' emission
precedente.
PREMIERE SERIE.
S I I*
Lettres dans le champ et exergue '
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Le soleil radie,
a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant a gauche,
levant la main droite et tenant un globe.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINYS P. AVGK Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 524 ;
FE. 14887 ; BE. MVS. ; 20 m.m.
meme jour : cf. Mommsen, Chronica Minor a.
M.G.H.
3. Le Panegyrique d'Eumene x, c. 2 (Nazarii Pane-
gyricus Constantino dictus), qui fixe cinq ans
plus tard en 321 les quinquennalia des Cesars.
4. Eusebe, Vita Constantini IV, 40, place Felection de
Constantin II vers la 1 Ome annee du regne de
Constantin I, vers 316 ou 317.
Enfin, 1'abondante frappe des monnaies qui viennent
d'etre decrites en 315 et 316 aux noms de Con-
stantin I et de Licinius I, seulement, confirme le
dire de ces auteurs ; ainsi que la legende Ad-
ventus Aug. N. frappee a Londres en 315 dans
cette emission, ou ne paraissent que les deux
empereurs cites. C'est done a tort que I'Anony-
mus Valesii 5, 19, cite Telection des Cesars avant
la prise du consulat par Licinius I et Constantin
I en 314 ; cette prise du consulat eut lieu d'ail-
leurs au ler Janvier, et 1' election des Cesars
n'eut lieu qu'en Mars d'apres les meilleures
sources.
L* ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 135
2. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste laure et cuirasse
a droite. Cohen, No. 136 ; FE. 15505.
3. FL. IYL. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Meme buste.
Cohen, No. 137 ; FE. 15507 ; 3 gr. 95 ; 20 m.m.
4. CONSTANTINVS IVN. N.C. Son buste laure et
drape a droite. Cohen, No. 183; FE. 15812,
15816 ; 3 gr. 35; 19 m.m.
5. FL. CL. CONSTANTINVS IYN. N.C. Son buste
laure, drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen,
No. 186; BE. MVS.
II. Au revers.— CLAEITAS EEIPVBLICAE.29 Le soleil
radie, a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant a
gauche, levant la main droite et tenant un globe.
Audroit. 1.— CONSTANTINVS P. AVGK Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 36 ;
H. MVS. V.
2. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVGK Meme buste. Cohen,
No. 37 ; H. MVS, V.
3. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste laure et cuirasse
a droite. Cohen, No, 51 ; FE. 15429.
Les monnaies de Licinius I et II sont frappees dans
remission contemporaine de Tatelier de Rome avec la
legende lovi Conservatori. Des pieces correspondantes
doivent exister dans la frappe de Londres au moins pour
Licinius I ; le jeune Licinius n'ayant peut-etre pas eu de
monnaies a son effigie emises a Londres.
29 Cette legende Cla/ritas Reipullicae apparait dans tous lea
ateliers d'Occidentapresl' election des Cesars, Crispus, Licinius
et Constantin II. Elle se rencontre generalement sur les
pieces des Cesars. L' atelier de Londres, au contraire, frappe
indifferemment Soli Invicto Comiti et Claritas Reipullicae
sur les monnaies a 1' effigie de Constantin I, ou a celles des
Cesars.
136 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
DEUXIEME SERIE.
Signe et lettres dans le champ et exergue ^ *
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Le soleil
radie, a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant a
gauche, levant la main droite et tenant un globe.
Au droit. 1.— CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Cohen, No.
136 ; deja decrit. BE. MVS. [PI. V., No. 6.]
2. FL. IYL. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Cohen, No. 137 ;
deja decrit. FK. 15508 ; 3 gr. 20 ; 19 m.m.
3. FL. CL. CONSTANTINVS IVN. N.C. Cohen,
No. 186 ; deja decrit. BE. MVS. ; 20 m.m.
4. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AVG. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 525 ; BE. MVS.30
Les pieces des deux Licinius manquent pour cette serie.
II. Au revers.— PEINCIPIA 1VVENTVTIS. Crispus en
habit militaire, debout a droite, tenant une haste
renversee et appuyant sur un bouclier.
Au droit.— CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste laure
et cuirasse a droite. Variete de Cohen, No.
105; BE. MVS. ; 19 m.m.
TROISIEME SERIE.
I *
Signes et lettres dans le champ et exergue
PLN
On trouve —
I. Au revers — SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Avec le type
deja decrit.
Au droit.— FL. CL. CONSTANTINVS IVN. N.C.
Cohen, No. 186; deja decrit; BE. MVS.;
20 m.m. [_*!• V., No. 7.]
II. Au revers— CLAEITAS EE1PVBLICAE. Avec le type
deja decrit.
30 De Salis, kc. eit., PL IV. No. 1.
L' ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 137
Au droit.— CONSTANTINYS P.P. AYGK Cohen,
No. 37; deja decrit ; H. MYS. V.; Milan,
Musee Brera.
Les monnaies presentant la legende Victoriae Laetae
Princ. Perp., qui seront decrites plus loin, ont etc f rappees
egalement de 317 a 320.
SIXIEME EMISSION.
Frappee depuis Pannee 320, pendant laquelle apparais-
sent les " Vota V " des Cesars, contemporains des " Yota
XY" de Constantin le Grand,31 jusqu'au 8 Novembre
324, date de 1'election de Constantius II Cesar, dont les
monnaies ne font pas encore partie de cette emission.
PREMIERE SERIE.
Monnaies frappees egalement de 317 a 320.
Lettres dans 1'exergue
PLN
La legende du revers Victoriae Laetae Princ. Perp., qui
se presente dans cette serie,32 se trouve egalement dans
une emission contemporaine de 1'atelier de Siscia, sur
31 Cf. J.Maurice, loc. cit., Revue Numismatique, 1899, p. 476.
Le Panegyrique $ Eumene x, (Nazarii Panegyricus Constantino
dictus) explique cette contemporaneite des Vota.
32 Cette legende fut f rappee a Siscia avant et en meme
temps que les Caesarum Nostrorum Tot. V., et continua & 1'etre
en meme temps que les D. N. Con&tantini ou Licini Vot. XX et
les Virtus Exercit., qui portent les VOT. XX sur 1'etendard
dans le champ des monnaies. Les series monetaires de Tarra-
gone ou les Tot, X de Constantin le Grand sont inscrits sur
les monnaies avec la legende Victoriae Laetae Princ. Perp. font
remonter en 317 le debut de la frappe de cette legende. A
Treves elle parut en 323, d'apres Hettner (Romische Munz-
schatzfunde in den Rheinldndern\ ( fVestdeutsche Zeitschrift., 1887,
p. 147).
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. T
138 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
des pieces qui portent le monogramme Constantinien.
Aucun signe chretien, au contraire, ne parait avoir ete
frappe dans 1'atelier de Londres. Les monnaies de cette
emission sont de 1'espece du denier de bronze.
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— VICTOBIAE LAETAE PEINC. PEEP.,
et comme type : Deux victoires debout, posant
sur un autel un bouclier sur lequel celle qui
est a gauche a inscrit VOT. P.E.
Audroit. 1 .— CONSTANTINVS AG. (sic). Son buste
cuirasse d droite avec le casque laure. Variete de
Cohen, No. 633; BE. MVS.33
2. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Son buste cuirasse
a gauche, avec le casque orne d'un crinier, et
tenant une haste ; sans bouclier. Cohen, No.
638 ; BE. MVS. [PL V., No. 8.]
3. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AG. (sic). Variete de
Cohen, No. 638 ; BE. MVS.34
4. IMP. CONSTANTINVS MAX. AVG. Son buste
cuirasse a droite, avec le casque laure. Cohen,
No. 640 ; BE. MVS., denier.35
Le revers de cette piece presente une couronne sur la
face anterieure de 1' autel.
5. CEISPVS NOB. CAESAE. Son buste laure, drape
et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 148 ; BE.
MVS.
Meme revers avec une couronne.
33 De Salis, loc. cit., PL IV, No. 5.
34 Idem., PL IV, No. 5.
35 Le No. 635 de Constantin le Grand dans Cohen, 2me
edition, est indique par Madden (Num. Chron., 1877, p. 48)
comme presentant une croix equilaterale sur la face an-
terieure de 1'autel et a 1'exergue PLN. Ce doit etre par
erreur. La collection du British Museum indiquee par Mad-
den contient bien une telle piece, mais avec 1'exergue de
Tarragone, T T. Je n'ai pas trouve des signes chretiens sur
les monnaies frappees a Londres sous Constantin. 0, Voetter
n'en signale pas non plus dans : JSrste Christliche Zeichen auf
romischen Hunzen (Numismatische ZeitscJirift, 1892, p. 41).
L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LCXNDRES. 139
6. CONSTANTINVS IVN. N.C. Son buste radio, drape
et cuirasse a gauche. Cohen, No. 219; BE.
MVS. ; 18 m.m. FE. 15821 ; 3 gr. 40.
Meme revers.
7. FL. IYL. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste drape
a droite, avecle casque laure. Cohen, No. 151 ;
FE. 15512 ; 3 gr. 15 ; 19 m.m.
8. FL. CL. CONSTANTINVS IVN. N.C. Son buste
radie, drape et cuirasse a gauche. Cohen, No
219 ; FE. 15821 ; 3 gr. 40 ; 18 m.m.
Monnaies frappees seulement de 320 £ 324.
II. Au r^r*.— VIETVS EXEECIT. Un etendard, au
pied duquel sont assis deux captifs ; celui de
droite a les mains liees derriere le dos et re-
tourne la tete, celui de gauche est dans 1' attitude
de la tristesse ; sur 1' etendard VOT XX.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINVS AVG-. Son buste
casque et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 695 ;
BE. MVS. ; 19 m.m. ; FE. [PI. V., No. 9.] 36
2. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste casque et cuirasse
a droite. Cohen, No. 179; BE. MVS.; FE.
15530; 3 gr. 40; 19 m.m.
3. CONSTANTINVS IVN. N.C. Son buste radie
et cuirasse a gauche. Cohen, No. 252 ; BE.
MVS.
4. CEISPVS NOBIL. C. Son buste casque et cuirasse
a droite. Cohen, No. 173 ; FE. 15533.
L'extremite superieure de la hampe de 1'etendard sur ces
36 Avec les legendes Victor iae Laetae, etc., et Virtus Exercit.
aucun signe chretien ne parait etre sorti de 1'atelier de Lon-
dres, tandis que le monogramme apparaissait sur les monnaies
portant la legende Virtus Exercit. a Siscia, a Aquilee, a
Tarragone, et a Treves, et avec Victoriae Laetae Princ. Perp. a
Siscia ; cf. 0. Voetter, loo. cti., et notamment PI. II. No. 73
a 75, et Madden, loc. tit.
140
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
pieces parait se terminer par une croix et a etc considered
comme telle ; 37 tandis qu'il ne s'agit que d'une apparence
purement fortuite. L'on pent s'en convaincre par la com-
paraison d'un grand nombre de pieces qui presentent
plus ou moins la croix apparehte ; suivant le degre d'usure
du bras transversal de la croix forme par la ligne superieure
du drapeau attache a la hampe.
III. Au revers.— CONSTANTINI AVG. Autour de YOTIS
XX en trois lignes dans le champ.
Au droit.— CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Sa tete lauree
a droite. Cohen, No. 84. Milan, Musee Brera,
No. 7,348.
DEUXIEME SERIE.
F rappee egalement de 317 a 320.
Lettres dans 1'exergue p~y avec deux captifs assis dos a
dos entre les lettres P et L.
I. Au revers.— VICTOEIAE LAETAE PEINC. PEEP.
Deux victoires debout, posant un bouclier sur
au autel ; sur le bouclier sont inscrits les
VOT. P.E.
Au droit. L— CONSTANTINVS AVG. Son buste cui-
rasse a droite, avec le casque surmonte d'une
crinier. Cohen, No. 631 ; FE. 15072 ; BE. MVS.
2 IMP. LIC1NIVS AVG. Son buste laure et cuirasse
a droite. Cohen, No. 174 ; FE. 14318.
3. IMP. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Meme buste. Cohen, No.
177; FE. 14319.
4. D.N. CEISPO NOB. CAES. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 155 ; BE. MVS. ;
FE. 15517.
37 Cf. Cavedoni, Tresor de Numismatique ; Garrucci, Numis-
matica Constantino, ; Madden, Christian emblems on coins of Con-
stantine I (Num. Chron., 1877, pp. 258-260).
L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 141
5. D.N. CONSTANTINO IVN. NOB. C. Son buste
laure et drape a droite. Cohen, No. 227 ; BE.
MYS.38
Une serie de pieces se presente avec le meme revere,
mais avec les captifs seulement et sans lettres a 1'exergue.
Au droit. 1.— IMP. LICINIYS AYGK Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 176 ; EE. 14316.
2. CONSTANTINYS AYGK Cohen, No. 631, deja decrit ;
BE. MYS. [PL V., No. 10.]
3. CEISPYS NOB. CAES. Son buste laure et drape a
droite. Cohen, No. 156 ; Musee de Turin.
4. Le No. 219 de Constantin II dans Cohen doit se
placer ici.
5 D.N. CEISPO NOB. CAES. Son buste laure et
drape a droite. Cohen, No. 155 ; BE. MYS. ;
20 m.m.39
6. D.N. CONSTANTINO IYN. NOB. C. Son buste
laure et drape a droite. Cohen, No. 227 ; BE.
MYS. ; 19 m.m. ; EE. 15824, 15825 ; 3 gr. 40.
TROISIEME SERIE.
Frappee seulement de 320 a 324.
i
Lettres dans 1'exergue
PLON
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— YIETYS EXEECIT. Avec le type de revers
deja decrit.40
Au droit. 1.— CEISPYS NOBIL. C. Son buste casque
et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 173 ; EE.
15534; BE. MYS.
38 De Salis, loo. ciL, PL IY, No. 7.
39 Idem., PI. IY, No. 6.
40 Je n'ai pas trouve de pieces de Constantin I et de Lici-
nius I avec cette legende dans cette serie, mais elles doivent
s'y rencontrer.
142 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
2. CONSTANTINVS IYN. N.C. Son buste radio et
cuirasse a gauche. Cohen, No. 252 ; BE,. MVS.
II. Au refers. — Meme legende. Trophee, au pied duquel
sont assis deux captifs, celui de gauche dans
1'attitude de la tristesse, 1'autre les mains liees
derriere le dos retourne la tete.
Au droit.— CONSTANTINVS IYN. N.C. Son buste
radie, drape et cuirasse a gauche. Cohen, No.
262 ; BE. MYS. [PI. V., No. 11.]
III. Aurevers.— BEATA TEANQVILLITAS. Un autel
sur lequel repose un globe, au dessus duquel
1'on voit deux ou trois etoiles ; on lit sur 1' autel
VOTIS XX.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINVS AVG. Son buste laure
a droite, avec le manteau imperial, tenant un
sceptre surmonte d'un aigle. Cohen, No. 17 ;
BE. MYS. ; H. MVS. V.
2. Meme legende ; meme buste a gauche. Cohen, No.
18 ; FE. 14470 ; 3 gr. 20 ; 19 m.m. 41
3. CEISPVS NOBIL. C. Son buste casque et cuirasse
a droite. Cohen, No. 12 ; FE. 15359 ; 3 gr. 20 ;
19 m.m.
4. Meme legende. Son buste casque et euirasse a gauche.
Cohen, No. 13; FE. 15360, 15361 ; BE. MVS.
5. CONSTANTINVS IVN. N.C. Son buste radie et
drape a gauche. Cohen, No. 16; FE. 15579;
3 gr. 60 ; 20 m.m.
IV. Au revers.— BEAT. TEANQLITAS. (sic). Eevers deja
decrit avec la legende Beata Tranquillitas. Cette
legende Beat. Tranqlitas. est particuliere a
1'atelier de Londres.
41 Je n'ai pas trouve de pieces de Licinius I avec cette
legende. Quant a Licinius II, je n'ai trouve aucune de ses
nionnaies f rappees a Londres, et je ne puis dire si c'est a
cause de la tres grande rarete de ces monnaies, ou s'il a reelle-
ment pas ete frappe de pieces a son emgie dans 1'atelier de
Londres.
I/ ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 143
Audroit. 1.— CONSTANTINYS AVGL Son buste casque
et cuirasse a gauche ; avec le casque quelquefois
tres orne. Cohen, No. 26 ; BE. MYS. ; FB.
14487.
2. Meme legende; meme buste a droite. Piece inedite.
BE. MVS.42
3. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a gauche,
tenant un sceptre surmonte d'un aigle. Cohen,
No. 28 ; BE. MYS.43
4. Meme legende ; meme buste a droite. Cohen, No. 29 ;
BE. MYS. ; FB. 1448; 3 gr. 50; 19 m.m.
5. CEISPYS NOBIL. 0. Son buste casque et cuirasse
a gauche, tenant une haste et un bouclier.
Cohen, No. 28 ; FE. 15377.
6. Meme legende. Meme buste mais laure. Cohen,
No. 27 ; BE. MYS.44
7. Meme legende. Son buste casque et cuirasse d
gauche. Cohen, No. 29 ; FE. 15378.
8. Meme legende. Meme buste a droite. BE. MYS.45
9. CONSTANTINYS IYN. N.C. Son buste casque et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 9 ; FE. 15591.
10. Meme legende ; meme buste a gauche. Cohen, No.
10; FE. 15593.
Y. Au revers.— SABMATIA DEYICTA. Yictoire mar-
chant a droite, tenant un trophee et une palme
et mettant le pied sur un captif assis qui re-
tourne la tete.
Au droit.— CONSTANTINYS AYGK Sa tete lauree a
droite. Cohen, No. 487, corrige ; BE. MYS.46
42 De Salis, loo. cit., PL IY., No. 9.
43, 44, 45
46 De Salis, loc. cit., PI. IY., No. 10. Cette monnaie se
rapporte a la victoire de Constantin sur les Sarmates en 322 ;
cf. Porphyrii Carmina, vi., 22 ; Zosime (Hist, ii., 21) la place
avant le sejour de Constantin a Thessalonique, ou il prepara
en 323 sa guerre centre Licinius. (Cod. Theodos., iii., 23, 1.)
144 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
TCI I T>
Lettres dans le champ et exergue -pT L^
Les monnaies qui suivent font partie de la meme serie
que celles qui precedent ; en effet, les meme pieces se
presentent avec et sans les lettres F B dans le champ
de leurs revers.47
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— BEATA TEANQYILLITAS. Avec le revers
deja decrit pour cette legende.
Au droit. 1.— CEISPVS NOBIL. 0. Son buste casque
et cuirasse a gauche Cohen, No. 13; FE.
15360, 15361 ; 3 gr. 40; 19 m.m.
2. CONSTANTINVS IVN. N.C. Son buste radie et
drape a gauche. Cohen, No. 16; FE. 15580.
On trouve —
II. Au revers.— BEAT. TEANQLITAS (sic). Avec le revers
deja indique pour cette legende.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINVS AVG. Cohen, No. 28 ;
deja decrit; BE. MVS.
2. CONSTANTINVS AG. (sic). Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite, tenant un sceptre surmonte
d'un aigle. Cohen, No. 30; BE. MVS.
47 Les lettres P et A ont ete indiquees comme existant aussi
dans le champ du revers de ces pieces. (Of. Hettiier, Rom.
Miinzschatzfunde in den Rheinl., Westdeutsche Zeitschrift, 1888,
p. 122.) Quant aux signes chretiens que les anciens
auteurs ont vus (cf. Garrucci, loc. cit,) sur les monnaies, qui
portent cette legende du revers, ce sont les diagonales qui
forment un dessin ressemblant a un croix sur le devant de
1'autel, surlequel les victoire-s deposent leur bouclier, qui y ont
donne lieu, ainsi que les meridiens qui divisent le globe pose
sur 1'autel.
L' ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LONDRES. 145
3. CEISPVS NOBIL. 0. Cohen, No. 28 ; deia decrit :
BE. MYS. [PI. V., No. 12.]
4. Meme legende. Cohen, No. 29; deja decrit; FE.
15379.
5. CONSTANTINYS IVN. N.C. Son buste radie et
cuirasse a gauche. Cohen, No. 8 ; BE. MYS.
[PL V., No. 13.]
QUATRIEME SERIE.
Je n'ai trouve que deux pieces presentant 1'exergue
suivant.
On trouve —
Au mws.T-CAESAEYM NOSTEOEYM autour d'une
couronne de laurier, dans laquelle on lit YOT. X.
Au droit. 1.— IYL. CEISPYS NOB. C. Sa tete lauree a
droite. Cohen, No. 44 ; FE. 15417 ; 2 gr. 80 ;
19 m.m. [PL V., No. 14.]
2. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Sa tete
lauree a droite. Cohen, No. 33 ; BE. MYS.48
SEPTIEME EMISSION.
Frappee depuis 1'election de Constance II Cesar le 8
Novembre 324,49 jusqu'au sejour de Constantin a Eome
de Juillet a Septembre 326.50
Cette emission contient en effet des monnaies de Crispus
et de Fausta qui ont ete frappees jusqu'a cette epoque,
48 De Salis, loc. cit., PI. IY., No. 11. Le YOT. X. des
Cesars se trouve dans 1'emission de Eome frappee en. 320-
324. (Jules Maurice, Revue Niimismatique, 1899, p. 476.)
49 Idat. Fast. ; Chron. Pasch. ; cf . J. Maurice, L1 atelier
monttaire de Rome (Revue Numismatique, 1899, p. 486).
60 Troisieme Adventus Divide. 21 Juillet, C.I.L., I, p. 397.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. U
146 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
d'apres les indications fournies par les frappes de Tatelier
d'Antioche.51 Les pieces de bronze de cette emission sont
uniquement du type du denier de Constantin.
i
Lettres dans 1' exergue
PLON
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— PEOYIDENTIAE AYGG. Porte de camp
ouverte au milieu, surmontee de deux tours ;
au dessus une etoile.
Au dr^.— CONSTANTINYS AYG. Sa tete lauree
a droite. Cohen, No. 454; BE. MVS ; FE.
14802.
II. Au m;m.— PEOYIDENTIAE OAESS. Meme type du
revers.
Au droit. 1.— FL. IYL. CEISPYS NOB. CAES. Son
buste laure et drape a droite. Cohen, No. 124 ;
BE. MYS. ; FE. 15483.
2. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 164 ; BE. MYS. ;
FE. 15769; 3 gr. 30; 19 m.m.
3. FL. IYL. CONSTANTIYS NOB. 0. Son buste laure,
drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, No. 168 ;
BE. MYS.
4. FLA. CONSTANTIYS NOB. C. Son buste laure,
drape et cuirasse a droite. Piece inedite. BE.
MYS.52
III. Au revers.— SECYEITAS EEIPYBLICE. La Securite
voilee, debout a gauche, tenant un rameau
baisse et soutenant sa robe.
51 J. Maurice, Emissions monltaires de F atelier d'Antioche
(Num. Chron., 1899, p. 237).
K De Salis, he. cit., PL IY., No. 12.
L* ATELIER MONETAIRE DE LOXDRES. 147
Au droit.—F~L. HELENA AYGVSTA. Son buste drape
a droite, avec un diademe orne de perles et
un collier forme de deux rangs de perles.
Cohen, No. 12; BE. MYS. 20 m.m. F£l. V.,
No. 15.]
IV. Au revers.— SALVS EEIPVBLICAE. Fausta voilee,
debout a gauche, tenant Oonstantin II et Con-
stance II, enfants, dans ses bras.
Audroit.— FLAY. MAX. FAYSTA. AG. (no). Son
buste coitfe en cheveux a droite et drape.
Cohen, Nos. 6 et 7 ; BE. MYS. ; 26 m.m.53
L'atelier de Londres ferme en 326, a Tepoque de la
mort de Crispus et de Fausta, dont les pieces font partie
de sa derniere emission. La legende Providentiae Caess.
se pre'sente sur les monnaies de Crispus en meme temps
qae sur celles de Constance II. Cet atelier ne se rouvre
plus sous le regne de Constantin le Grand.54
JULES MAURICE.
63 De Salis, loo. tit., PL IY, No. 13.
84 Je n'ai pas trouve de monnaies d'or frappees a Londres
pendant la periode Constantinienne. J'ai demontre dans
mon etude sur 1'atelier d'Antioche (Num. Chron., 1899, p.
237), que les dernieres emissions qui contiennent les pieces
de Crispus et de Fausta ne cesserent d'etre frappees qu'en
Aout ou Septembre, 326.
VII.
ON SOME UNIQUE ANGLO-SAXON COINS.
IT was for many years a disputed point among numisma-
tists whether the very rare coins of Ecgberht with the
B£ reverse type should be given to the king of that name
in Kent (765 — c. 779), or to the son of Offa who reigned
in Mercia for six months after his father's decease.1 It
was objected, however, and rightly so, that the latter was
probably called Ecgferth and not Ecgberht ; and there
has been for some time a consensus of opinion that the
coins in question2 were attributable correctly to Ecg-
berht of Kent, 3 Hawkins and the Museum authorities
having concurred in this arrangement. In Hawkins 4 we
read :".... but as the two moneyers Udd and Babba
both appear on the coins of Offa, and this monogram, and
types very similar to these, also appear on his coins (cf.
Ruding V, 25, 31, 32, &c.), there can be little doubt that
this King Ecgberht had some close connection with Offa.
1 Hawkins, Silver Coins of England, 3rd Edition, p. 31.
2 I only know of four coins of this king, one in the British
Museum (Udd moneyer), one in the Hunter collection (Babba),
and two that were Mr. Montagu's (Udd and Babba). I believe
there is one in the Paris collection.
3 He should be properly described as Ecgberht II, to distin-
guish him from his predecessor (664 — 673). He is so described
by Searle, Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings, and Nobles, p. 266.
4 Silver Coins of England, 3rd Edition, p. 32.
ON SOME UNIQUE ANGLO-SAXON COINS. 149
Now, Babba struck coins in Kent for Eadbearht Praen,
794 to 798, and Duda, very likely the same person as
Udd, for Cuthred 798 to 805 : and from about the year
774 when Offa defeated the men of Kent at Ottford, to
823 when Ecgberht of Wessex subdued them, Kent was
almost entirely under the control of the kings of
Mercia. These coins, therefore, struck by the Kentish
moneyers Udd and Babba, no doubt bear the name of the
Kentish King Ecgberht, who, after the battle of Ottford,
was probably, like his successors Cuthred and Baldred,
king only in name ; and most likely the coins struck by
Udd and Babba for Offa were struck in Kent, as were
several coins of Offa's successors, Coenwlf and Ceolwlf.
It may be worth while to notice that Uda is one of the
witnesses to the charter of Ecgberht before mentioned/'
There were therefore strong grounds for giving these
pennies to Ecgberht of Kent, and I think the present
coin, figured above, not only places that attribution
beyond cavil, but at the same time it enables me to fill
another numismatic gap in the series of Kent, as I can
confidently ascribe it to a King Heahberht who reigned
jointly with this King Ecgberht in Kent. It also adds
another unique coin to our national series. These two
types therefore stand first at the head of the Kentish
series, the wolf and twin type of Ethelbert having been
more correctly removed to the king of that name in
East Anglia.
150 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
This coin, of which an illustration is given above, may
be read —
Obv. — ^ HEABEKHT between two dotted lines ; in
centre Be.
Eev. — 60BA between limbs of cross, each limb ending in
an annulet, containing a pellet ; the cross voided
in centre and containing a pellet ; a pellet also
in centre of the letter O.5
It has unfortunately been slightly broken on one side, and
for this reason only weighs 11 grains, being therefore,
in comparison with Ecgberht's pennies (B. M. Cat., vol.
i, Kent 1), light even allowing for the break, without
which it would probably have weighed about 15 grains.
The coin of Ecgberht in the National Collection weighs
17*3 grains. These coins seem heavier than most of the
sceattas which they must have followed at no great
interval, and in this respect they may be compared with
the half sceatta, halfpenny, or transition coins of Beonna
of East Anglia, which weigh about 16'3 grains, whilst the
contemporary novi denarii of Pepiii on the Continent are
slightly heavier (752 — 768). I believe that there was a
tendency on both sides of the water at this period to
increase the weight of the coin and its size ; and if Si-
gered's coins should ever turn up, we may expect them to
be more like sceattas and still lighter in weight. As to the
source whence the gc on the reverse is descended, it may
be noticed that this monogram denoting REX is fairly
common on the pennies of Pepin,6 and may be the origin
of it. In connection with these early pennies, the coins
5 Eoba always placed a dot, characteristic of his work, in the
O on Offa's and Cynethryth's pennies. The last coins with
this moneyer's name in Coenwulf s time are probably struck by
another moneyer of the same name, as the dot is omitted.
6 Engel and Serrure, Xwn. du Moyen-Age, vol. i., pp. 199, 200.
ON SOME UNIQUE ANGLO-SAXON COINS. 151
of Beonna and JEthelberht of East Anglia are interesting.
The coins of the former have in my opinion very rightly
been given to the second king of that name (circa 760) ;
the earlier attribution of Hawkins (p. 55) not being admis-
sible, whilst the unique coin of the latter, which is in the
British Museum, after being suspected for many years has,
I think, rehabilitated its character.7 Surely the counter-
feiter or supposed fabricator would never have thought of
placing a compartment derived from an ancient Homan
type on the coin at a time when, numismatically speaking,
hardly any early pennies can be attributed to East Anglia,
whilst it is precisely for that reason that it has been
given to that state. I believe this compartment type, of
which we see the last remains on Beonna's and ^Ethel-
berht's coins, to have been peculiar to the north of the
Thames or Anglian side of the country, whilst the southern
or Kentish types of the penny may have been derived from
the Continental novi denarii, after the older mute and highly
ornamented types of sceattas had become obsolete. Perhaps
this was due to the position of Kent, being adjacent to
the Continent, with which it was more likely than the
northern states to have had some commercial intercourse.
Heahberht, like Ecgberht, seems to have been a sub-
regulus or tributary prince of Offa, King of the Mercians,
who subdued the men of Kent at Ottford about 774, just
about the time when Heahberht succeeded to the throne.
No mention of the latter occurs in any chronicles, nor is
his parentage known, our knowledge of him being con-
fined to three charters in which his name appears as a
signatory — e.g., first, a charter of Offa in 764 relating to
land at .ZEslingaham or Frindsbury on the Medway. This
7 Bought by the British Museum in 1803 for £1 8s.
152 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
grant commences : " Ego Offa, Rex Merciorum, "regali
prosapia Merciorum oriundus . . . . Et hoc cum consensu
et licentia archiepiscopi nostri Bregouuini atque Heaberhti
regis Cantiae, et principum nostrorum. . . . Ego Hea-
berhtus rex consensi et subscripsi." 8
Secondly, a grant by Ecgberht to Eardulf, Bishop of
Rochester (A.D. 765), of land within the castle walls of
Rochester, which is confirmed by Heahberht. " Ego
Heaberhtus rex Cant, testis consensi et subscripsi/* 9 which
is also confirmed by Offa of Mercia. In this charter Heah-
berht appears to be subordinate to Ecgberht, but there
seems to be no evidence as to whether one king had East
Kent and the other West Kent, though doubtless this was
the case, as Sigered (760) is described in an earlier charter
as "rex dimidiae partis provinciae Cantuariorum " (Birch,
No. 194).
Lastly, there is a grant by Ecgberht to Diora, Bishop of
Rochester, of land at Hailing on the Medway (765 —
791). Here Ecgberht signs first and uses the expression
" roboravi," whilst Heahberht has "subscripsi" in a
similar fashion to the Archbishop (Jaenberht) who follows
him. 10
It may be noted that this penny offers a unique instance
of two kings of a heptarchic state striking coins of the
same type at the same period. Kent was more conserva-
tive than the other states, owing to the retention there of
a double kingdom ; or possibly there may have been some
sort of dual control, an ancient system and a survival of
one under which many petty kings lived in close juxtaposi-
8 Text. Roff., folio 123 ; Cart. Sax. (Birch), vol. i., No. 195.
9 Text. Roff., folio 126 ; Cart. Sax. (Birch), vol. i., No. 196.
10 Text. Roff., folio 127 ; Cart. Sax. (Birch), vol. i., No. 260.
Mr. Birch has assured me that these charters are genuine.
ON SOME UNIQUE ANGLO-SAXON COINS. 153
tion, of whom many have escaped being chronicled.
Thorpe speaks of the septs or clans who from the
earliest time had their leaders, whose powers were to
merge finally into the regal power, subject only to the all-
powerful Bretwalda. On this point Kemble says u : " We
are tolerably familiar with the fact that at least eight
kingdoms existed at once in Saxon England ; but many
readers of English history have yet to learn that royalty
was much more widely spread, even at the time when we
hear of but eight, seven, or six predominant kings : as this
is a point of some interest, a few examples may not be
amiss. It is probable that from the very earliest times
Kent had at least two kings, whose capitals were respec-
tively Canterbury and Rochester, the seat of two bishop-
rics. 12 The distinction of East and West Kentings is
preserved till the very downfall of the Saxon monarchy : l3
not only do we know that Eadric and Hlothhere reigned
together, but also that Wihtred and his son -ZEthelberht
the Second did so. ... The later years of JEthelberht
the Second must have seen his power shared with Eadberht,
Eardhulf, Sigiraed, and Ecgberht, and Sigirsed delibe-
rately calls himself king of half Kent."
Coins bearing a double royal name in Anglo-Saxon
times have, I believe, not hitherto been met with, though
there are well-known examples of the joint issue of king
and archbishop. The following coin, bearing the names
11 Saxons in England, vol. i., p. 148.
12 It has been said by an eminent authority that the physical
boundaries of the episcopal sees in England would often be con-
terminous with the more ancient and less known petty king-
doms of the Heptarchy.
13 Palgrave says, " Probably one was king of West Kent and
the other of East Kent" (English Commonwealth, vol. ii., p.
cclxix.).
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. X
154
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
of Berhtwulf of Mercia and .^Ethelwulf of Wessex, is
specially interesting from a numismatic as well as from
an historical point of view. This coin, of which an illus-
tration is given, may be read
Obv.— BERHTl/F REX. Bust to r., diademed.
Rev.— ITtEDEJ/^l/F EE+. Cross pattee over cross
pattee.
The obverse of this coin is almost, if not exactly, the type
of No. 119, B. M. Catalogue, in the Berhtwulf series, whilst
on the reverse the above remarkable legend appears, with
the cross over a cross, a type which had already appeared
on the coins of Ecgbeorht of Wessex,14 and was continued
also on .^Ethelwulf's.15 It may be noticed that the style
of lettering here is not of the usual kind, sharp, thin at
the surface, broad at the base, but it is rounded and
of nearly the same thickness all through, in which parti-
culars it resembles the work of Mercia rather than that
of Kent or Wessex. A great resemblance may be traced
to the style of Dun,16 a moneyer who was also under the
Mercian Kings, Ceolwulf I and Coenwulf. On the coins
of the latter the cross preceding the king's name is some-
what peculiar, the horizontal stroke of this emblem being
14 Cfr. B. M. Cat., vol. ii., Ecgbeorht, Type viii.
15 Cfr. B. M. Cat., vol. ii., PI. III. 3, 9, and the obverse of 11.
16 Cfr. B. M. Cat., vol. ii., PI. III. 11. The name of Dun
also occurs afterwards as a York moneyer of Eadgar, and also
of Eadweard II, and therefore it seems to have belonged to
an Angle district, not to a Saxon one.
ON SOME UNIQUE ANGLO-SAXON COINS. 155
very thick and altogether disproportionate to the side
strokes. This may be taken as a guide to the peculiar
character on the reverse of my coin, which would appear
to be a degraded cross of this class, the side arms having
disappeared by corruption of type. The stroke therefore at
the beginning of the reverse legend is probably the usual
familiar cross, and not a part of the name, or, as it is not
unfrequent in Saxon coins, an abbreviation of some kind.
With regard to the letters on the reverse, it may
be noticed that the number of these which are runes is
unusually great at this period, pointing to an Anglian
(i.e.9 Mercian) origin, not Saxon (i.e., Kentish),17 as there
are at least four if not five of these instead of the usual
Roman letters — namely, the th, an e, two 1's, both the latter
upside down, and a peculiar- looking character between the
two last letters, which may be similar to that found on
Cynwulf's 18 coins of Eanred and Eanbald II, in which
case it would probably be the vowel sound A or Y.19
But I think that this letter is more likely to be a Roman
one, and that it represents the double V common on Anglo-
Saxon pennies, which seems to have replaced the older
Wen or Runic form when followed by V. Curiously
enough, on Dun's coins 20 we get the form Y (sometimes
in the moneyer's name as well as the king's), which
letter connects the characters somewhat closely. This
17 On Anglo-Saxon pennies we seldom get runes or runic
survivals, unless they were struck north of the Thames — i.e., in
an Anglian district. This rule, I believe, may be found a safe
guide in appropriating some of the later sceattas.
18 B. M. Cat., vol. L, pp. 146, 147, 190, 191.
19 See Stephens, Runic Monuments. This form hardly ap-
pears on the Anglian monuments. According to this author, it
should always represent a vowel sound.
30 B. M. Cat., vol. ii., p. 20 ; and also Num. Cliron., Third
Series, xiv., PL IV. 6. ,',
156 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
same form on Dun's coins appears also on a coin21 of Beag-
mund, who has been inferred to be a Mercian moneyer
from the double M obverse type, struck during Ecg-
beorht's reign.22 It is somewhat unfortunate that in my
coin the title REX on the obverse should not be as
clear as it might be, owing to bad condition ; but enough
remains, I think, of the R to show the engraver's intention ;
the space also could hardly enclose other letters than EX.
It is presumable that the concurrence of Berhtwulf's and
.ZEthelwulf's names on this coin is due to the former king
being, at least in some degree, in a state of some depend-
ence on the latter ; but was he in such a position that we
may infer the latter to have been his overlord in the same
degree that Ecgbeorht was to Wiglaf, and that he himself
was at a later date to his son-in-law Burgred ? Wiglaf,
Berhtwulf's predecessor, was subject to Wessex, having
been deposed (828) and subsequently restored by Ecg-
beorht ; and it was by the successful operations of the
latter at Hengestduna, that Berhtwulf afterwards was in a
position to occupy the throne of Mercia in some condition
of security from the ever-increasing ravages of the Danes.
Wiglaf having in that year (828) sworn fealty and paid
tribute to Ecgbeorht, the latter, according to Mr.
Grueber,23 probably struck coins as King of Mercia for
some period, Wiglaf not striking again. But of .ZEthel-
wulf he says : 24 " Of a gentle nature, and more disposed to
spend a quiet life than to rule over wide dominions, and
also having to turn his attentions to securing the safety
21 13. M. Cat., vol. ii., p. 4. Perhaps all Dun's coins were
struck in Mercia.
22 Num. Chron., Third Series, xiv., p. 61.
23 Num. Chron., Third Series, xiv., p. 65.
24 Num. Chron., Third Series, xiv., p. 72.
ON SOME UNIQUE ANGLO-SAXON COINS. 157
of his own kingdom against the attacks of the Vikings,
^Ethelwulf relaxed his rule over Mercia. One of the
results of which was that we find in a short time Wiglaf's
successor Berhtwulf resuming the monetary rights of his
predecessor." Thorpe25 has assumed the suzerainty of
Wessex over Mercia at this period ; he says : " Imme-
diately folio wing these events a fleet of Northmen, consist-
ing of no less than three hundred sail, arrived at the
mouth of the Thames, whence they penetrated to Canter-
bury and even to London (then chief city of Mercia),
both of which they took and plundered, having put to
flight the army of Berhtwulf, the tributary king of the
Mercians. " But there appears to be no mention of tri-
butary king in any of the authorities he quotes, or in
any other place, including the various charters ; and Pal-
grave,26 who made a schedule of the various states of the
Heptarchy, expressly omits any overlord of Mercia during
Berhtwulf s reign.
In the absence of evidence of this dependence of
Mercia on Wessex, can we regard the former state as
having been then subject to the latter in any greater
degree than might be supposed would have followed as
a natural sequence from Ecgbeorht's prestige in former
years ? May not her position have somewhat resembled
that of North-Humbria, during the reign of Ecgbeorht,
which was mediatised, if we may use a modern term of
diplomacy in so rude an age, by him when that state sub-
mitted to him at Dore ? As, therefore, it would appear
that Berhtwulf was unhampered by ^Ethelwulf in his regal
25 Lappenberg's Hist, of England under the Anglo-Saxon
Kings, vol. ii., p. 21.
™ Rise and Progress of the English Commonwealth, Proofs
and Illustrations, p. cclxxxi.
158 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
prerogative to issue coins for Mercia, we may ask the ques-
tion, For what place was this penny with a double legend
issued ?, unless we come to the prosaic conclusion that the
coin is a " mule " with two obverses. This in my opinion
would be an unsatisfactory view, as it does not account
for the general appearance of the coin and for the strange
legend on the side bearing the name of ^Ethelwulf, which
is wholly dissimilar to any others of his. Whether
Berhtwulf struck coins in other places than Mercia it is
difficult to say — some coins certainly bear the East Anglian
A on the reverse ; 27 but his sovereignty there must have
been of an empty nature, and resembled ours in later
times over France, when we still kept up the title of
king of that country after our possessions there had
long vanished. London, perhaps including Middlesex,
may have been a bone of contention from a mintage point
of view between the two kings, and they may have
agreed to share the latter between them and have struck
this coin jointly in that city. We learn that London,
formerly capital of Essex, was incorporated with the latter
into Mercia about the middle of the seventh century, and
that when Essex submitted to Ecgbeorht (823) this town
continued to belong to Mercia, for which reason we find
Berhtwulf defending it unsuccessfully against the Danes,
after whose ravages it was not rebuilt till the reign of
Alfred the Great. If the kings of Wessex after Ecg-
beorht had continued to mint for Mercia, we might expect
some evidence of that fact on coins, but such is not the
case, as far as we know, and Berhtwulf s position of
responsibility for London might, on primd-focie grounds,
27 Vide Hawkins, p. 62, where Burgred also has this letter
on one of Dudecil's coins.
ON SOME UNIQUE ANGLO-SAXON COINS. 159
be deemed sufficient evidence of his minting at that city,
whilst it would not be likely that the King of Wessex
would give up altogether a privilege acquired by his illus-
trious predecessor. Hence, on these grounds, a joint issue
by the two kings is not unlikely.
The next coin which I would notice is a penny of Ecg-
beorht of Wessex, with the title of King of the Mercians,
" Rex Merciorum." Though unfortunately a fragment
only, it is unique and highly interesting. It was found at
Rochester, and acquired by Mr. Humphry Wickham, of
Strood, in Kent, and is now in my collection. The
following is an illustration and description of it.
Obv.— * E . . . . EHT EEX <P. Cross potent within
circle.
Bev.—* E . . . VDF MONE. Degraded monogram of
SAX within circle.
An account of this coin was published in Num. Chron.
N. S. iii., p. 46, with an incorrect engraving of it, the latter
having unfortunately been copied in the B. M. Catalogue
(vol. ii. p. 5), where it is the authority for type xix. In
these examples the D is engraved as if it were a U, whereas
it is clearly the former letter ; the moneyer is also clearly
Redmund, though Mr. Whitbourn was unable to read it.
Here then we get Redmund, Wiglaf's moneyer, coining for
Ecgbeorht on another type, and with the Rex M(erciorum)
on the obverse, forming the fourth type minted by the
Wessex king in that state, the contention which was
160
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
happily suggested by Mr. Grrueber that he seized that
mint, being, I think, unassailable. Why Redmund
turned the uncial N 28 upside down, and transposed that
letter and the D, it is hard to say, but these peculiarities
enable one to identify his workmanship at once. It
seems evident that the monogram in the field of the reverse
is a degraded copy of the SAXO type ; which, from its
having been ^Ethelwulf 's as well as Ecgbeorht's, one would
apprehend to have been last, or very late, in the series of
the latter king. If we regard this coin as struck, ex
hypothesi^ about 827, there is a gap of eleven years
before ^Ethelwulf used this monogram, certainly a long
period for its revival at this time, when monetary changes
of type succeeded each other so rapidly.
In the following piece we have a new variety of
JEthelwulf s coinage.
Obv. — E .... VLF EE. Bust r., diademed.
Jku. — .j, . . . TYND TON. Straight line, the ends de-
graded from the moline form to lozenge-shaped
dots, between two crescents.
This is evidently the moneyer Beagmund, being com-
pletely in his style, and the reverse is a degraded form of
N.C. Ser. Ill, xiv, PL IV, 13, which it resembles in
other respects, the type of obverse being also similar.
28 Cfr. the N of similar shape on Twicga's pennies of Ead-
mund of East Anglia (B. M. Cat., vol. i., p. 93, Nos. 82 to 86).
ON SOME UNIQUE ANGLO-SAXON COINS. 161
The last piece that I would bring to the notice of the
Society is another coin of Ecgbeorht of Wessex. It is a
new combination of Sir John Evans' coin (Type XVI,
B. M. Catalogue for reverse, and Type XV for obverse).
The 'moneyer is Swef herd.
Obv.— 4.HECB EX. Cross pattee.
Rev. — . . EFHER . . Cross of five limbs pattes ; around,
inscription between two circles.
This coin is not without interest, as it assists us in
detecting at least the chronological sequence of two types
of Ecgbeorht's coins, and shows that so far the order
suggested by the compilers of the British Museum Cata-
logue is correct.
GRANTLEY,
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES.
VIII.
ON THE HALF-NOBLE OF THE THIRD COINAGE OF
EDWARD III.
IN the volume of the Numismatic Chronicle for the year
1888 will be found a short paper by our late Vice-Presi-
dent, Mr. Montagu, whose loss we still deplore, giving a
description and an illustration of a half-noble of
Edward III, which he assigned to Edward's third coin-
age in the year 1346. Mr. Montagu showed that pre-
viously there had not been known any half-noble earlier
than the fourth coinage, and pointed out clearly the error
into which Kenyon had fallen when he described as of
the third coinage a half-noble in the National Collection
solely on account of its weight — 60J grains. Mr. Brice's
half-noble from the Shepherd collection was also objected
to by Mr. Montagu on the grounds that, although it
weighed over 62 grains, the normal weight of the fourth
coinage half-noble being 60 grains, it showed by its
legend and style that it could not have been struck
before the signing of the treaty of Bretigny in 1360. The
coin belonged to the so-called " cursing type," omitting
H6C in the reverse legend and the French title in the
obverse legend. Finally Mr. Montagu proposed his own
coin for the honour of representing the third coinage,
HALF-NOBLE OF THE THIRD COINAGE OF EDWARD III. 163
and gave his reasons for the attribution. Briefly they
were these. His coin resembled in workmanship and
style the nobles of the third coinage, a»d the resemblance
was still further shown by the presence of certain letters
showing marked peculiarities, which letters occurred on
both nobles and quarter-nobles of the third coinage. The
peculiar letters were : A with an ornamented barring, and
I1 (F), in which a long line was shown to descend from
the end of the upper bar. The central compartment on
the reverse contained a large ff, and had no ornaments,
thereby differing from any known half-noble. As against
this attribution, Mr. Montagu pointed out the weight as
being only 54 grains, but he considered that the weight
argument should not be brought to bear too strongly, in
fa.ce of the marked resemblance of style.
Since the publication of the paper, no doubt some of
us have been warily waiting for another of these rare
coins, which might, perhaps, throw more light on
this coinage. That a prize of this sort should have
fallen to me, I esteem a great piece of good luck. The
coin I possess has all the characteristics of the piece
described by Mr. Montagu, and now in the National
Collection ; it also possesses the one point missing in Mr.
Montagu's coin, viz., weight. My piece weighs over t>0
grains, although it shows signs of wear. The two coins
are from quite different dies, and it may, therefore, be
worth while to accurately describe each.
1. The British Museum coin is: —
Ob v. — The king standing in a ship of the usual well-known
type ; four rope's from stern, two from prow ; orna-
ments on ship, two lis, lion, two lis, lion, lis,
lion. The lis in the French arms are seine, instead
of only three. Legend : SDWAR * D * 6EA *
EGCX * AR6L * X * FEARCC ? DRS x t}YB.
164 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev. — The usual cross, with lions and crowns ; in the centre
a compartment, without ornaments at the corners,
and containing a large 6C. Mint-mark, cross pattee.
Legend : * * DOminGC * HS * IR * FVEOE6C *
TVO I AE6VAS * SttG. .
Weight, 54 to 55 grs. Clipped, cracked, and
mended.
•2. The coin in my possession is of precisely the same type, but
differs as follows : three ropes only from stern, one
from prow ; ornaments on ship, lis, lion, two lis,
lion, two lis, lion.
Obv.— Legend : 6CDWAE * D * (3EA * E6CX ARGL x S x
FEARd *L>RS* []YB.
Eev.— * * DOmmeC * R6C * IR * PVEOEGC * TVO *
AE6VAS * ma *. The same compartment and
large (T. are on both coins.
Weight, 60*75 grs. Eather worn, cracked.
There are several points about these coins which are
well worthy of notice, but which were not remarked upon
by Mr. Montagu. The stops are saltires, not annulets.
In discussing the Balcombe find, Mr. Grueber and I had
occasion to point out that saltires were used at two or
three distinct periods of Edward Ill's reign on the silver
coins ; thus, very few are to be found in the first period,
beginning 1351, and these were quite early in that period.
They were then used again in conjunction with annulets
from 1360 to 1369, and then alone till the end of the
reign. The English H is also a characteristic feature. It
occurs on the majority of silver coins issued before 1351,
but after that disappears till the treaty coins of 1360.
One further point is the fact of the shield being strewn
with lis, rather than bearing three only ; another evidence
of early issue in these pieces. If more be wanted, it
will suffice to mention that the bust and style generally
HALF-NOBLE OF THE THIRD COINAGE OF EDWARD III. 165
of these two half-nobles correspond accurately to the
Florin-type pennies, and the workmanship is quite
different from that of the fourth coinage. Looking to
all these facts, there cannot now be any doubt that both
the Museum coin and this one are of the early third coin-
age of Edward III.
L. A. LAWRENCE.
IX.
ON A SMALL HOARD OF GROATS OF HENRY VI TO
HENRY VII.
(See Plate VI.)
SOME time since I obtained from Messrs. Spink the small
hoard of groats here described. The circumstances of the
find are, as usual, shrouded in mystery, a mystery so deep
that the inquiries I set on foot have entirely failed in dis-
pelling in any degree. I was told that the hoard was a find,
and that the coins which I obtained comprised the whole
of it. Looking to the character of the component coins,
there is internal evidence of their having been a find, and,
the information which I obtained was probably quite
accurate. The period covered by the find was from rather
before 1460 till some years after Henry YII's accession,
a period of some forty years.
The number of coins of each reign were : —
Henry VI heavy coinage .... 1
Edward IV light coinage . . . .34
Henry VI restored ..... 1
Edward V 1
EichardHI 1
Henry VII first coinage 3
Henry VII second coinage . . .21
62
ON A HOARD OF GROATS OF HENRY VI TO HENRY VII. 167
It will thus be seen that coins of all the monarchs
reigning during the last half of the fifteenth century were
represented in the find. There were, however, curiously
enough, gaps in the sequence of the coins. Thus, the
Henry YI heavy coin was not of his last issue, but of the
pine-cone pellet type, the one before the last. Again, there
were no heavy groats of Edward IV. A reference to the
list appended to this account shows that the mint-marks on
the Edward IV coins were the rose, sun, crown, cross
fitchee, annulet, and cross pierced. There were absent the
trefoil, a very rare mint-mark, the cross pierced with one
or more pellets, and the heraldic cinquefoil, both very
common mint-marks. The Edward V and Richard III
coins both bore the sun and rose, to the exclusion of the
boar's head, the latter being a much rarer mark than the
former. The coins of Henry VII presented examples of
the lis and rose, and also the cross fitchee mint-mark on
the open crown groats. The arched crown coins had for
mint^marks, the heraldic cinquefoil, the escallop (one coin
had both these marks on it), then the regular cinquefoil,
the true cinquefoil, and lastly the crowned leopard's head,
a mark which was blurred almost beyond recognition.
Finally, there was one example which heads the list, of an
arched crown groat without mint-mark. The one coin of
Henry VI restored, in 1472, and the coins from the pro-
vincial mints of Edward IV, Bristol, Norwich, and York,
do not call for more mention than is given them in the list.
The hoard itself is of much interest, as by an examina-
tion of it it may be possible to confirm or dispute the
sequence of mint-marks as heretofore given. The light
coinage of Edward IV starts with the earliest mint-mark,
and every mint-mark is present up to and including that of
Henry VI's restoration. Then there is a gap, and two
168 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
common marks are absent; these two marks have previously
been placed together. All the mint-marks present, there-
fore, are in sequence, and the two absent ones are also in
sequence. This leads up to the coins commencing with
Edward Y. Here, again, the coins are in sequence ; the
absence of the boar's head indicates nothing, as the two
marks were each used by both sovereigns, Edward V and
Richard III.
It would seem natural to believe that all the coins in
the find were issued one after the other, and that they
followed on without gaps, but the condition of the pieces,
as well as some of the characters on the absentee coins, will
not allow of this. All Edward lY's coins, and those of
Henry YI, are more or less worn ; a considerable number
do not come up to the average weight, and practically
none turn the scale at 48 grains. The case is different
with the Edward Y and later pieces. They are all fine,
not worn, but sometimes apparently clipped. Thus there
are 7 full-weight groats and 5 which weigh at least J a
grain too much, 3 of these 5 weighing 49'5 grains instead
of 48 grains. Added to this difference in condition and
weight is a further one, which I believe has hitherto
escaped notice. With one exception all the groats of
Edward IY in the find bear the usual 7Y found on the coins
of the previous reign ; one piece, No. 16 of London
[PI. VI. 2], has a barred A in AR6L and another in TSS;
all other TV's on the coin, four in number, are unbarred.
Now this peculiarity will be found to exist on all the groats
of Edward I Y with the cross pierced and pellet mint-marks,
and also on nearly all those bearing the heraldic cinquefoil
and on no others [PL VI. 3], The barred & is also used
on Edward Y's coins, though curiously not on the one in
the find, and on that of Richard III, and finally on the early
ON A HOARD OF GROATS OF HENRY VI TO HENRY VII. 169
issues of Henry VII. That the barring is not an accident
is shown by the fact that the A's in &I76L and TAS are the
barred ones, to the exclusion of the others, in Edward IV's
reign ; that the A in TAS is the barred one in Richard III
and Edward Vs. Later, barring became general. There
are thus good grounds for keeping together the coins
bearing the cross pierced and pellet and heraldic cinquefoil
of Edward IV's time, and also for concluding that they
followed on the coins of that king present in the find.
The evidence, therefore, from this find is to confirm the
arrangement of mint-marks.
The second portion of the find is more interesting and
important than the first. The coins composing it are rarer
than those which occur in the earlier part ; they are also
finer and more varieties are represented. The coins of
Edward Y and Bichard III do not call for further notice.
Henry VIF s first coinage, that with the open crown, is well
represented by three specimens. The first has the combined
lis and rose mint-mark on both sides ; the second has the
same mark on the obverse and no mint-mark on the reverse
[PL VI. 6], and the third is struck from the same reverse die
as the second, but the obverse bears the cross fitchee mark
and reads I\«RKICVS, a very rare coin [PI. VI. 7]. The
stops on all these are crosses. There exist, but not in this
find, open crown coins with trefoil stops ; their rarity is
a sufficient reason to account for their absence in this case.
These connect the open crown groats with the earliest
variety of arched crown coin, viz., that without mint-
mark. A very good example of this coin was in the find ;
two plain arches to the crown and trefoils as stops char-
acterised it [PI. VI. 8]. This in its turn transmitted these
features to its neighbour, and thus the groat bearing the
heraldic cinquefoil was evolved [PL VI. 9], There were
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. Z
170 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
two examples in the find. These were followed by the
coins bearing the escallop mint-mark. There is no diffi-
culty in pointing out the earliest of the eight coins bearing
this mark. It is the piece with trefoil stops. This connects
the coin with the previous pieces. Besides the stops the
coin presents another peculiarity which helps to settle its
position in the series. The M's are Roman, not old
English. This is the last coin on which all the stops are
trefoils. No. 5 in the list presents on the obverse one
rosette between each word as a stop, thereby replacing the
trefoil [PI. VI. 10]. This latter, however, still characterises
the reverse of the coin.
The next coin, No. 6, a very rare one again, gives
evidence of the close connection existing between the
coins bearing the heraldic cinquefoil and the escallop
mint-marks. This piece has both mint-marks, one on
each side ; all the stops are represented now by rosettes,
and the letter E as well as the M is varied in form. It
now takes the reversed 3 shape. It is curious that the
find gives no example of the groat with the heraldic
cinquefoil on both sides and with rosette stops, nor of the
escallop groat with the peculiar E's and M's. Both coins
are known, and though rare are not extremely so. The
other escallop groats are of the normal varieties. It
will be noted that No. 11 is of plainer work than most of
them, and that circumstance was taken into considera-
tion in placing it last. The change also from the form
TTDIVTOKGC to that of fiDIVTOa will be seen to have
occurred during the issue of the escallop coins.
The regular cinquefoil, the next mint-mark in the
series, was represented by several coins. The earlier ones
had rosettes as stops, thus connecting these with the
escallop groats. Then there was a coin without stops at
ON A HOARD OF GROATS OF HENRY VI TO HENRY VII. 171
all, and then some with small crosses as stops. The last
coin but one described bore the true cinquefoil with crosses
as stops [PI. VI. 12].
The last coin on the list is the one bearing the leopard's
head. Besides this evidence of lateness of issue, it bears
another proof, viz., the abbreviation of the English title to
7T6L. This form occurs on many of the later coins not
represented in the find, but has not been noticed on coins
bearing any of the mint-marks described in this list. The
stops on this coin are crosses. This mint-mark is known
to be connected on the same coin with the true cinquefoil,
though there was no example of such a coin in the find.
The following is a detailed description of the coins in
the hoard : —
HENRY VI.
Heavy Coinage. Pine-cone, pellet.
Obv.— M.M. cross patonce. tydRRId DI 6R7V R6CX
7TR6LI S FRTYRd. Pine-cone on neck, pellet
each side of crown, crosses as stops.
ficv.—No m.m. POSVI x DGTm 7VDIVTOE6C
dIVITTtS LORDOn. Extra pellet in T71S and
DOR quarters.
EDWARD IV.
Light Coinage. London Mint.
1. oiv.— M.M. rose. SDW7TRD' x DI * 6R7Y x R6CX x
7TR6L x X x FRTTRd. Quatrefoil on each side of
neck, arches above crown and on breast not fleured.
* TVDIVTOReC x SttaV5tt.
LORDOR. Extra pellet between
pellets under CCIVI.
2. Another the same, except that the extra pellet is in the
DOR quarter.
3. As No. 1, but no stops on reverse.
172 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
4. As No. 1, but arch on breast flenred; one cross after
meCVJft, and the extra pellet in the LOR quarter.
[PL VI. 1.]
o. Obv.— M.M. rose. ffDWfiED x DI GE7T x EffX x 7VN6L x
S x FETTRd. Quatrefoil on each side of neck,
arches above crown not fleured.
JR&v.— M.M. sun. POSVI DOTStt x 7VDIVTOE6C metVStt.
dlVITTTS LORDOR.
6. 06?'.— M.M. sun. 6CDW7YED x DI x GEfi x E6CX x 7TR6L x
X x FETTRd x. Quatrefoil on each side of neck,
arches above crown not fleured.
Rev.— M.M. sun. POSVI D6CY5II * 7VDIVTOE6C x jnGCVm.
CQVITTO LORDOR.
7. As last, except that none of the arches are fleured ; one cross
after DOTS!*, none after 7VDIVTOEQ:.
8. Olv.— M.M. crown. 6CDW7TED x DI x 6EA EffX x
7VRGL x S x FET^Rtt. Quatrefoils at sides of
neck ; arches fleured with small trefoil, except that
on the breast, which has a quatrefoil below it.
Rev.-— M.M. sun. POSVI DOTS!* x TVDIVTOEff Jfte[V$ft.
aiVITTTS LORDOR. Two specimens.
9. Olv.— M.M. ? Much chipped, but like last.
Rev.— M.M, sun. Two crosses after JftGTSft and DOR.
10. Olv.— M.M. sun. ffDWTVED x DI x 6E7T x E€CX x 7VR6L x
S x FET^RCL Quatrefoil on each side of neck ;
arches fleured, except those over crown.
Rev.— M.M. crown. POSVI DGCVJft * 7U)IVTOEeC x
mecvm. aiviTTvs LORDOR.
11. Obv.— M.M. crown. ffDWTVED x DI x 6E7V x E6CX x
7\:R6L x S x FETVRd. Arches of crown not fleured,
quatrefoil on each side of neck.
Rev.- M.M. crown. POSVI DffVffi TVDIVTOEd mOTM.
dlVITTO LORDOR. Six specimens; one has a
cross after T^DIVTOEff.
ON A HOARD OF GROATS OF HENRY VI TO HENRY VII. 173
12. OZw.— M.M. cross fitchee. 6CDW7YBD DI
7TR6L x X FBT^RCC *. Trefoil on each side of neck.
Rev.— M.M. sun. POSVI Off VSR x 7YDIVTOBH maVfll
dlVITTYS LORDOR.
13. Same, but some slight variation in the position and number
of the stops.
14. Same, but m.m. both sides annulet, trefoil stops on the
obverse, none on the reverse, and no trefoils at the
sides of the neck.
15. Same, but no stops visible.
16. Same, but m.m. cross pierced both sides. Reads DOT, and
the A's of &R6L and TSS are peculiarly barred,
the other 7T being without bar : crosses as stops.
[PI. VI. 2.]
Bristol Mint.
1. Obv.— M.M. sun. 6CDW7TRD DI x GR7V x R6CX 7VR6L
Z FRTTRCC. B on breast, quatrefoil on each side
of neck.
Bev.—MM. sun. POSVI DOTfll TtDIVTORet mOTH*
VILLA x BRISrOW.
2. Same, but x before and after %, m.m. on reverse blurred,
I after DOTtf*, x before ffiaVffi, and reading
BRISTOLL for BRISTOW.
3. Same, but m.m. crown on both sides, crosses as stops. Three
examples.
4. As last, but BR6CSTOLL for BBISTOLL.
York Mint.
1. Olv.— M.M. lis. etDWTTRD DI x GR7C x R&X
% FRARCC. ff on breast, quatrefoil on each side
of neck.
Eev.— M.M. lis. POSVI DaT$ft TtDIVTORGC
S aBORTUCI.
174 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
2. Where visible, same, but * after FEftRCC, x before
3. Same, but no stops on obverse and x after D&Vift, trefoil
on each side of neck instead of quatrefoil.
Norwich Mint.
1. Olv.— M.M. effaced. GCDWTtRD x DI x GETS x E6CX
x E x FE7TRGC. R on breast, quatrefoil on each
side of neck.
Rev.— M.M. sun. POSVI DftVStt * ADIVTOEGC x
dlVITTVS ROEVia x.
HENRY VI.
Light Coinage.
1. Olv.— M.M. cross. ^aREIdV DI 6E7V E6CX A 7YR6L A
Z A FE7YRQ. Arches fleured with small trefoils.
Eev.— M.M. cross. POSVI DGCVm TTDIVTOEff
aiVITTYS LORDOR. This coin has the mis-
shapen letters R as D and E as B.
EDWARD V.
1. Qlv. — M.M. sun and rose conjoined. SDW7TED DI 6E7^
E6CX 7TR6L % FETYRtt.
Rev.— M.M. sun and rose. POSVI DQVfl* 7YDIVTOEGC
mavm. CIVITTYS LORDOR. [Pi. vi. 4.]
This coin is rather rubbed and clipped; crosses, where visible,
as stops ; arch on breast not fleured, nor are the
arches above crown. Wt. 45 grs.
ElCHARD III.
1. Obv.— M.M. sun and rose. EICC7YED x DI x (SEA x E6CX
7YR6L x % FE7VROC. Arches above crown and
on breast uot fleured.
Hi -v.— M.M. sun and rose. POSVI DGCVm x TTDIVTOES x
ffietVSft. aiVITAS LORDOR. Very line. Wt.
47 grs. [PI. VI. 5.]
ON A HOARD OF GROATS OF HENRY VI TO HENRY VII. 17&
HENRY VII.
(A) First Coinage, with open Crown.
1. Obv.— M.M. lis and rose. tyaREia x DI x GETC x EffX x
ARGL x Z FE7YRCC *. The six side arches only
floured.
.— M.M. lis and rose. POSVI DGCVfl* * ADIVTOE6C
flier™. CCIVITAS LORDOR. Very fine. Wt.
45 grs.
2. Obv.— M.M. lis and rose conjoined.
GETS x ESX x ARGL' x Z FETYRd *. Crown
and breasb arches not fleured.
Rev.— M.M. none. POSVI DetVfll x ADIVTOE6C
CCIVITAS + LORDOR. In the finest possible
condition. Wt. 45'5 grs. [PI. VI. 6.]
3. Obv.— M.M. cross fitchee. t]ffREICCVS D6CI GEA EffX
AR6L Z FEA. Cross on each side of neck,
arches of cross not fleured.
Rev. — From same die as last ; very fine, but apparently
clipped. Wt. 48 grs. [PI/ VI. 7.]
(B) Second Coinage, with arched Crown^
1. Olv.— No m.m. t]€CREI(I x DI GEA x E6CX •< ARGL r
Z FEAROC. Crown with two plain arches, cross
on each side of neck.
Rev.—So m.m. Y POSVI DOTtf* Y ADIVTOE6C
aiVITAS LORDOR. Large cross, pattee at
ends, small trefoils as stops ; fine. Wt. 48*5 grs.
[PL IV. 8.]
2. Olv.— M.M. heraldic cinquefoil. l}€tREI(I A DI GEA Y
EGCX •< AR6L >• Z FEACC. Plain arches to crown.
Rev.— Same m.m. POSVI DGCVmiADIVTOEa YmGCVm.
ttlVITAS LORDOR. The. ends of the cross have
a slight slit in them ; very fine. Wt. 46 grs.
[PI. IV. 9.]
3. As last, except FE7TRCC for FE7TCC, obverse TTs unbarred,
two trefoils after TAS and DOR; in fine condition.
Wt. 48 grs., a small flan.
176 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
4. 06v.~M.M. escallop. f}ffREICC r £>I v 6B7T Y ESX Y
7YR6L r Z r FE7TR. Two ornamented arches to
Rev.— M.M. escallop. POSVI D6CVM r TtDIVTOEGt r
MSVM ? dlVITTYS ?? LORDOR. Two trefoils
before and two after dlVITTTS, two before
LORDOR. Cross fourchee ; the. letters all orna-
mental ; fine. Wt. 41 grs.
5. As last, but reads FB7VROC, and has one rosette between
each word instead of trefoil. There is an additional
trefoil after LORDOR ; very fine. Wt. 47'5 grs.
[PI. IV. 10.]
6. Olv.—KM. escallop. ^REId * DI ® 6E7T « E£X ?
7TR6L ? Z ? FEAR. Crown as before, rosettes
between words.
Rev.— M.M. heraldic cinquefoil. POSVI D£VM ? 7YDIV-
TOEE » M£YM * aiVITTYS | * LORDOR
Eosettes as stops ; not fine. Wt. 48 grs.
7. Q})V,— M.M. escallop. ^GCREia ® DI GETf EffX . . . L
Z FEA «. Eosette after each word where visible.
Rev.— M.M. escallop. POSVI DGT • TTDIVTOEff • m«V
| aiVlTTTS | * LORDOR «. Cross fourchee, much
branched ; clipped ; fine. Wt. 48 grs.
8. OIV—KLM. escallop. fyeCREId DI 6E7V EGCX 7TRSL
Z FEA. One rosette separates each word.
Rev.— M.M. escallop. POSVI DOT « 7TDIVTOS «
• aiVITTTS « « LORDOR. Coarser work, cross
ends not so branched ; fine. Wt. 48 grs.
9. As last, but reads FE7TR, with a rosette above crown ; fine.
Wt. 48 grs.
10. As last, but reads FE7T, has rosette after STi&V, one in each
fork of cross, omits one before CCIVI ; fair. Wt.
46-5 grs. [PL VI. 11.]
11. Olv.— M.M. escallop. ^GCREItt • DI * 6E7Y $ E&X »
AN6L ® Z ® FEA. This groat is of much plainer
work.
Ikv.— M.M. escallop. POSVI DffV * 7YDIVT06C »
aiVITTTS • LORDOR. Fair condition. Wt.
49' o grs.
ON A HOARD OF GROATS OF HENRY VI TO HENRY VII. 177
12. Obv. — M.M. regular cinquefoil (5 equal foils, annulet in
centre). l^REICI * DI * 6E7Y « E6CX * 7VR6L «
Z « FE7Y. Two ornamented arches to crown.
-Rev.— M.M. regular cinquefoil. POSVI DGCV « 7VDIV-
Toec ® mav « aivrms | LORDOR. Ends of
cross as on the escallop groats ; fine. Wt. 49 grs.
13. Obv. — M.M. same cinquefoil. tyGCREICC • DI • GE7Y *
E6CX * 7TO6L • Z • FE7VR.
jKev.— M.M. same. POSYI D6CV ® TtDIVTOG! « STlffY
| aiVITTCS | J LORDOR J. Ends of cross much
more closed in ; fair. Wt. 48 '5 grs.
14. Obv.— Samem.m. ^REItt » DI » 6E7T » Eff X « 7VR6L •
Z « FE7V.
.flev.— Same m.m. POSYI DOT « 7VDIVT06C
g aiVITTYS J § LORDOR |. Fair. Wt. 45-5 grs.
15. Obv.— Same m.m. I?aREICC 9 DI * 6E7V » EffX • 7U76L •
Z * FETYRtt. Eosettes as stops.
.Rev.— Same m.m. POSVI DffV x 7VDIVT06C x JttGCV
aiVITTVS ^ x LORDOR x. Crosses as stops,
ends of cross pattes, except for a small annulet or
hole ; fair. Wt. 47 grs.
16. Obv.— Same m.m. fy&nEia pj GRTV EQ;X 7VR6L Z
FE7V. No stops, one ornamented arch to crown.
.Rev.— Same m.m. POSVI DOT x 7tt)IVT06C x SUGCV
ttlVITTVS LORDOR. Ends of cross almost pattee ;
fine. Wt. 48 grs.
17. Obv. — Same, but reads FE, and cross between each word
where visible.
Rev.— Same, but * CCIVITfiS * x LORDOR x. Fair. Wt.
45'5 grs.
18. Obv.— Same m.m. fyaREJCt x DI x 6E7T x EffX x 7VR6L
Z x FE x.
Rev.— Same m.m. POSVI DGCV * flDIVTO€C I
* dlVITfiS x * LORDOR *. Fine. Wt. 49-5 grs,
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. A A
178 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
19. Olv. — Same, but no final cross.
fiev. — Same as 16, but ends of cross more fourches; fine.
Wt. 46 grs.
20. Obv.— M.M. true cinquefoil. J^RRICC x DI x GKTt x
E6CX x 7YR6L x Z x F x. Same crown.
Eev.—N.M. true cinquefoil. POSYI DOT x TVDIVTOff x
maV ttlYITTTS + LORDOR +. Fair. Wt.
48 grs. [PL VI. 12.]
21. Obv. — M.M. leopard's head. tyetRRICC x DI x 6R7V x
x 7V6L x Z + FR7L
£ev.—M.M. leopard's head. POSVI DGCY x TtDIVTOGt
x mOT CCIVITTTS + + LORDOR. Work coarse,
like that bearing anchor mark; fair. Wt.
46-5 grs.
The find has been described rather minutely and at
some length, especially in reference to the later coins.
This seemed warranted in order to bring out clearly the
relationship of the various mint-marks. The arrangement
of those of Edward IY has been on its trial for some years
now, and has run the gauntlet of three hoards. The coins
of Henry VII were provisionally arranged by the Rev. Gr.
F. Crowther in 1887 ; but some alterations were made, with
Mr. Crowther's concurrence, in 1892, chiefly with reference
to the position of the escallop groat. This find bears out
the 1892 conclusions, and it is interesting as being one
which places the position of the escallop coins beyond
dispute. The arrangement of the coins by a combination
of stops and mint-marks seems to point much more
accurately to the true sequence than either of these
features could have done when considered by itself.
It will be observed that each coin of the later part of
the find has had its weight and condition placed in the list.
A study of these points taken together will go far to
ON A HOARD OF GROATS OF HENRY VI TO HENRY VII. 179
convince anyone that but little reliance is to be placed
on the subject of weight. The coins weighing more than
they should were by no means the finest in the hoard, and
some of those which were in the most beautiful condition
did not come up to the normal weight. In a hoard of groats
of this period, however, the weight argument cannot
help us; but supposing for a moment the coins had
been those of quite early years of Edward IV, and had
contained smaller coins, or again if the hoard had been
of the period of Henry IY and V, what deductions would
have been made from an extra grain or two on the penny ?
I am afraid possibly much more than might have been
warranted.
The coins depicted on Plate YI are chiefly from the
find in connection with which it is published. The coins
of Edward IY, Nos. 1 and 2, although closely resembling
those described in the list, are not representations of the
actual specimens in the find, but are taken from examples
in the National Collection ; No. 3 shows the missing mint
mark. In the same way, the picture of the coin of
Edward Y, No. 4, is taken from a fine specimen, rather
than from the poor one described. The other coins are
all from the find. The object of replacing the earlier
poor specimens by finer ones was to show the differences
existing between the early and later coins of Edward IY,
the differences in the barring of the A, &c., and also the
relationship of the later pieces of Edward IY to those of
Edward Y and Richard III.
L. A. LAWRENCE.
MISCELLANEA.
AN UNPUBLISHED VARIETY OP THE PORTO-BELLO MEDAL. —
The types follow, in general, the piece described in the Med. III.,
vol. ii., No. 119, p. 538, the obv. bearing, THE BRITISH
GLORY . REVIV'D . BY. ADMIRAL . VERNON, with Admiral
Vernon standing to 1. on a square platform. The rev., however,
differs from any specimen heretofore described, and has on the
border, HE . TOOK . PORTO . BELLO . WITH . SIX . SHIPS .
ONLY . NOV., and in the exergue, 22 . 1739 . I . K . DUBLIN.
The type is that of six ships entering Porto Bello harbour.
The medal is interesting, as showing the widespread popu-
larity of the taking of Portobello, and it may be accepted as
evidence that this popularity was less attributable to political
causes than is generally supposed.
An examination of the medal shows that the peculiarity
which distinguishes it from other specimens — the initials I . K .
and the word DUBLIN — is an addition to the die. The original
exergue has been cut away, and a new one, giving the date,
the publisher's initials, and the place of issue are added. I
have been unable to trace the name of the artist whose initials
are here given. They do not appear to occur on any of the Irish
tokens of this period.
THE SUCCESSES OF FREDERICK THE GREAT IN 1757. — The fol-
lowing medal is also unpublished. It has on the obv. the legend
THE . MOST . HEROIC . G . F . Ill . K . OF . PRUSSIA,
and the King on horseback to r. ; in the exergue, WHO .
CONQ. . THE . AUSTRIANS . RUSSIANS . FRENCH . IM-
PERIALISTS . & . SWKDES. On the rev. is the legend,
SPARES . THE . HUMBLE . SUBDUES . THE . PROUD,
and Justice trampling on Discord. In the exergue, the date 1757.
The successes referred to by this medal were the victories at
Rosbach and Lissau and the capture of Breslau. These victories
were very popular1 in this country, and the portrait of Frederick
the Great was to be found in nearly every shop and house.
W. TALBOT
Vvl.ZX.Pl.7V:
MONNAIFS DE IGNORES.
Mint. C7won.Ses:ff/.
. V.
- ' * J V »..
MONNAIES DE LONDRES
Mim,.0iron,.Scr ff/.m.XXPl. VI.
3?fe
a^ ~V U*& -* 7jr-_^
x£^ -P^>
c '^Q£*&£
,~ -*/<&;*:•
^i^3& &£&?'& M*g
&^ [*&*£.> &<&&&?* &*.(&£,•&
ft ^]q^te4^^^
t
A Fl ND OF GROATS
HENRY VI. -HENRY VII.
ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN
COINAGE.
(See Plates VII., VIII., IX.)
'Apo-aKcu yap *:aXowrat xai/res, tSia Sc 6 fj.lv
'Opaxfys, 6 Se <£>paaT>/s, 6 S'aAAo Tt. — SxBABe.
ANY essay on Parthian coinage may well begin with an
expression of indebtedness to the well-known monograph
of Professor Percy Gardner, which, since its publication
in 1877, has been rightly recognised as the standard work
on this difficult branch of numismatics. Mr. Gardner had
several illustrious predecessors, but his work is distin-
guished from theirs not only by the excellence of its
plates and clearness of arrangement, but by the numis-
matic acumen and sober judgment brought to bear upon
the evidence, which, whether furnished by history or by
the coins themselves, is rarely of a satisfactory and decisive
kind.
There is probably general agreement that Mr. Gardner
has been successful in determining what coins should form
part of the various groups that he describes, but a diver-
gence of opinion may well arise when we attempt to name
these groups and to determine their precise relation to
one another. A regal coinage — and the Parthian series
is the currency of more than four hundred years — cannot
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. B B
182 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
be profitably arranged like a civic coinage in large periods
of fifty or even of a hundred years. Chronological exact-
ness is of the essence of the classification, yet is, unfor-
tunately, not attainable in cases where the coinage bears
no date. It is well known that until the reign of
Phraates IV (B.C. 37-2) hardly a single date is found on
Parthian coins, and, further, that the literary material
for reconstructing the history of Parthia is always scanty
and frequently untrustworthy.1 Even after the labours of
Longuerue, Rawlinson and Gutschmid,2 we cannot com-
pile with certainty the list of Parthian monarchs or deter-
mine with definiteness the limits of their reigns. Nothing
but the recovery of the Parthica of Apollodorus or of one
of the other lost histories of Parthia will perhaps avail,
though meanwhile our difficulties would probably be
lessened by the compilation of a really critical corpus of
the ancient texts relating to Parthia, accompanied by a
commentary of the kind found in Clinton's Fasti.
During the twenty-three years that have elapsed since
the appearance of Mr. Gardner's work, very large addi-
tions from the Cunningham, India Office, and other collec-
tions have been made to the series of Parthian coins in
the British Museum, and at least one private collection,
that of Hitter A. Yon Petrowicz, has grown to be of
great importance.3 Little, however, has been written on
1 See e.g. H. Ten Gate Fennema, Quaestiones Parthicae
(Neomagi), 1882, p. 1 f.
2 Longuerue, AnnalesArsacidarum, 1732 ; Rawlinson, Parthia
(1893), mainly abridged from his Sixth Oriental Monarchy
(1878) ; A. Von Gutschmid, Geschichte Irans, Tubingen, 1888
(ed. Noldeke) ; Gutschmid's article " Persia " in the Encyclo-
paedia Britanniea, 9th ed., is an abridged translation of this.
3 Colonel Allotte de la Fuye of Nantes has also a collection
of the coins of Persis and Parthia.
ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 183
Parthian numismatics, with the important exception of
papers by Markoff and Rapson,4 which have made known
some new coins of the highest importance. These coins
show us, for instance, that the tetradrachm was a much
more important denomination in the early coinage than
was previously suspected. They show us also that the
Parthian mints were for a time largely under the influence
of Greek — especially Seleucid — models. This influence is
seen not only in the adoption of Seleucid types and the
Seleucid (" fillet ") border, but also in the practice of
directing the obverse head to the right, instead of (as
usual on Parthian coins) to the left. In studying these
and other new coins with a view to the preparation of the
British Museum Catalogue of the Parthian series, I have
been led, though reluctantly, to the conclusion that not
a few modifications must be made in the accepted arrange-
ment of the coinage as set forth in Gardner's work. The
rectifications that seem to be called for are principally in
the period before Phraates IV, and it is to the attribu-
tions of that period that I confine myself in the present
paper. The alternative arrangement here proposed is,
however, a tentative one, and is rather a series of sug-
gestions put forward with a keen sense of the great diffi-
culty in arriving at certainty for this division of Parthian
coinage.
It will be convenient at the outset to give the names
and dates of the Arsacids as determined by Gutschmid in
his Geschichte Irans.
4 Markoff, Coins of the Arsacidae, St. Petersburg, 1892 (text
in Russian) ; Rapson, " Markoff's unpublished Coins of the
Arsacidae," in Num. Chron. for 1893, p. 203 f.
184 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
B.C.
(ARSACES,6 the founder .... 250—248)
TIRIDATES, brother of Arsaces [infra, p. 192] 248-7—211-10
ARSACEs,6 son of Tiridates [p. 192] . . 210—191
PHRIAPATIUS [p. 191] 191—176
PHRAATES I, son of Phriapatius [p. 191] . 176—171
MITHRADATES I, brother of Phraates I [p. 188] 171—138
PHRAATES II, son of Mithradates I [p. 186] . 138—128-7
ARTABANUS I,7 son of Phriapatius [p. 184] . 128-7 — 123
(HiMERus, viceroy (and king?) [p. 193] circ. 124—3)
MITHRADATES II, son of Artabanus I [p. 187] 123—88
ARTABANUS II 8 [p. 195] . . " . . 88—77
SINATRUCES [p. 195] 77—70
PHRAATES III, son of Sinatruces [p. 196] . 70 — 57
MITHRADATES III, son of Phraates III [p. 197] 57 — 54
ORODES, son of Phraates III [p. 199] . . 57—37
PACORUS I, son of Orodes [p. 199] . d. B.C. 38
PHRAATES IV, son of Orodes [cp. p. 198] . 37—2
The most important coin that has come to light since
Gardner wrote is undoubtedly the tetradrachm reproduced
in PI. VIII. 5, for it has in the exergue the letters HFIP,
which will be admitted to be a date of the Seleucid era
(year 188) equivalent to B.C. 125-4. This date falls in the
reign of Artabanus I (B.C. 128-7—123). The tetradrachm
bears a head — one of the most interesting and strongly
individualised of Arsacid portraits — which is identical
with the head found on the drachms and bronze attri-
buted by Gardner [PL I. 9-11 ; PI. VIII. 4] to an earlier
Parthian king, Phriapatius. The principal reason for
5 Gutschmid (pp. 30, 31) doubts whether Arsaces was ever
actually King of Parthia.
6 The personal name of this ruler is not given by Justin.
Most modern writers have without authority called him " Arta-
banus I " ; see Gutschmid, p. 36, note 4 ; cp. p. 81 ; see also
F. Cauer, art. " Artabanos," in Pauly's Real-Encyclop.
7 Called " Artabanus II " by those writers who have assigned
the name of " Artabanus I " to Arsaces, son of Tiridates.
8 On the reasons for inserting this name in the list of Par-
thian kings, see Gutschmid, p. 81.
ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 185
assigning these coins to Phriapatius was that one variety
of the drachms (though one only) bore in the exergue the
letters EKP [G. PL I. 10J, which were naturally inter-
preted as year " 125 " of the Seleucid era, equivalent to
B.C. 188-7, a date in the reign of Phriapatius. But if
this interpretation is correct, it is in flagrant contradiction
with the date on the tetradrachm with the same head. It
can hardly be doubted that the date on the tetradrachm
(of which several specimens and two varieties are now
known) should prevail. For if H PI P be not a date, it is
a meaningless combination of letters. On the other hand
EKP need not necessarily be a date, but may be part of a
proper name, or possibly it may be, as Mr. Rapson has
ingeniously suggested,9 a date of the Parthian era begin-
ning in B.C. 248, in which case it would be equivalent to
B.C. 125-4, a date identical with that found on the tetra-
drachm. The difficulty in this last-named interpretation
is that no other instance is known on the Arsacid coinage
of the use of this native era. But whatever the explana-
tion of EKP may be, it certainly seems necessary to move
down all the drachms and bronze attributed to Phriapatius
[G. PI. I. 9-11], so that they may take their place with
the tetradrachm of Artabanus I. This new attribution
will displace the drachms and bronze assigned by Gardner
[PI. II. 13-15 ; cp. PI. IX. 7] to this Artabanus I
("II").10
9 Num. Chron., 1893, p. 212,
10 This king (one of the three sons of Phriapatius) calls him-
self 0EOP1ATOPOZ (drachm in British Museum, not pub-
lished by Gardner), but he also has the epithet <t>IAAAEA-
<|>OY. He was not, however, the brother, but the uncle, of
his immediate predecessor (Phraates II). The <i8eA0os referred
to must be his brother, Mithradates I, another son of Phria-
patius. The only other kings to whom <£iAaS«A0os could be
186 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Mr. Gardner has recognised the close connection in style,
&c., between the drachms of " Phriapatius " [PI. VIII.
4] and those which he assigns to his successor Phraates I
[G. PI. I. 13 ; PI. VIII. 2]. If, therefore, the drachms of
" Phriapatius " are moved, as I have just proposed, to
a lower place in the series, it follows that the drachms
of " Phraates I " must accompany them. I propose to
assign them to Phraates II (B.C. 138 — 128-7), the pre-
decessor of Artabanus I.11
The predecessor of Phraates II was Mithradates I, the
great Parthian king who was the first to extend materially
the dominions of the Arsacid monarchs — the conqueror of
Mesopotamia, Media, and Persia, and the successful anta-
gonist of Eukratides, King of Bactria. It has been
generally agreed, for reasons that seem to me rather
plausible than decisive, that the principal currency
of this ruler must be looked for in the familiar coins
figured in G. PL I. 17-28 ; PI. VIII. 9-11.12 But if we
applicable are the brothers Phraates I and Mithradates I, but
the date of the 4>| AAAEA<I>OY coins (as determined by the
HHP, B.O. 125-4, tetradrachm, PL VIII. 5) is too late for
their reigns.
11 I am inclined to agree with Von Sallet and Gardner that
the tetradrachm, G. PI. I. 12 = PL VIII. 1, belongs to the
king who issued the drachms and bronze.
12 Markoff, op. cit., PL III. 12 (cp. figure in Rawlinson's
Parthia, 1893, p. 63), publishes a tetradrachm of the usual type
of "Mithradates I." on which he reads the date oP = year
170 = B.C. 143-2. But on his plate the supposed oP is clearly
og : it is therefore not a date, but one of the numerous mono-
grammatic combinations that occur on the coins of " Mithra-
dates I." I may here also remark that the tetradrachm
(" Mithradates I " ?) referred to in Num. Chron., 1890, " Pro-
ceedings of Numismatic Society," pp. 6, 7, cannot now be
accepted as genuine; see Num. Chron., 1894, " Proceedings of
Numismatic Society," p. 4. An electrotype of the coin is in the
British Museum, where are also two or three other fabrications
of Parthian tetradrachms.
ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 187
apply what may be called the " throne and omphalos "
criterion to these coins, it can, I think, be shown that this
attribution is incorrect. Mr. Gardner has well pointed
out that the whole of the Parthian series may be roughly
divided into two great classes, the first consisting of the
coins on which the archer-king of the reverse is found
seated on the omphalos, the second, of those on which he
sits on the throne. Now we find that on the earliest (pre-
Mithradatic) coins the king sits on the omphalos. On
the coins assigned by Gardner to Mithradates I, he sits
first on the omphalos and afterwards on the throne. But
then — if my attributions are correct — his successor
Phraates II [PI. VIII, 2] returns to the omphalos, and this
seat is also occupied by Artabanus I [PL VIII. 4]. The
successor of Artabanus, however, and all the later Parthian
kings revert to the throne. If, then, the throne and
omphalos test is a valid one, as I quite agree, it is obvious
that the coins assigned to Mithradates I, have been placed
too high in the series. They must be placed after the
last "omphalos" coins and introduce the long later series
of " throne " reverses. I propose to assign them to
Mithradates II (B.C. 123 — 88), the son and successor of
Artabanus I.
This king enjoyed, like the first Mithradates, a lengthy
reign, and by his achievements earned the title of
" magnus." The numerous varieties of the coinage will
therefore suit the second Mithradates no less than the first.
The obverse of the coins has in various ways an affinity
with the tetradrachm of Artabanus I [cp. PL VIII, 9 with
PL VIII, 5], but that the coins are later than the reign of
Artabanus — and especially later than Mithradates I — seems
obvious from the absence of those Seleucid characteristics
which were prevalent at an earlier period (see the coins
188
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
of Phraates II and Artabanus I [PI. VIII. 1, 5] and infra on
Mithradates I). The Seleucid border has disappeared, the
head on all the coins is turned in the Parthian direction,
to the left, and the Seleucid reverse-types are superseded
by the " archer " of the drachms, who is now promoted to
a place on the tetradrachms. This coinage, in fact,
inaugurates a stereotyped Parthian, as opposed to a
Seleucid, type of currency.13
We have now to ascertain what was the coinage of
Mithradates I. A series of coins of Seleucid character
13 The title BAZIAEHZ BAZIAEHN occurs for the
first time in the Parthian series on some of the coins of
this king. It represents, as M. Drouin has remarked ("Sur
1'origine du titre royal BAZIAEYZ BAZIAEHN," in
La Gazette Numismatique, Bruxelles, 1899), the khshayathiya
khshayathiyanam (king of kings) of the Achaemenid monarchs.
All modern writers have stated that the title was first as-
sumed in Parthia by the victorious Mithradates I. This king
may well have taken the title, but the proof that he did so
rests solely on the attribution of these coins to his reign.
If he was the first king to inscribe the title on his coins, it is
remarkable that it should not appear on the coins of any of his
successors (including even Mithradates II, " Magnus ") until
the reign of Mithradates III, or rather (according to my ar-
rangement) of Orodes I, circ. B.C. 57. Even if we assign the
coins of " Mithradates I " to Mithradates II, as I have proposed,
there is still a considerable interval during which the title is in
abeyance, at any rate, on the coins. The numismatic evidence
with regard to the first appearance of the title points rather to
the time of the second than of the first Mithradates. For we
find BAZIAEI1Z BAZIAEJ1N (i) on the coins of Maues,
the Saka dynast, circ. B.C. 120 ? contemporary with Mithra-
dates II ; (ii) on the coins of Tigranes the Great, of Armenia,
who uses it on the money struck by him at Antioch (B.C. 72-70
and, perhaps, earlier, from the year B.C. 83, when he became
master of Syria; Babelon, Eois de Syr., p. cci. f.). It is pos-
sible that Tigranes may have adopted the title as a kind of
counterblast to the pretensions of Mithradates II, or, at any
rate, in imitation of him. The disuse of the title by the imme-
diate successors of Mithradates II may be due to the influence
of Tigranes, who made conquests in Arsacid territory.
ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 189
[G-. PL II. 1,2; PL VII. 12-13] is necessarily admitted by
Gardner and other writers to belong to the time of this
king, for the coins bear the dates POP (— B.C. 140-39)
and AOP (= B.C. 139-138). A series of bronze coins
[G. PL II. 4-6 ; PI, VII. 9-11] and a drachm and obol [G. PL
II. 3, 7 ; PI. VII. 7> 6] which show a portrait head appa-
rently of the same king who struck the TOP class are
also assigned by Gardner to this reign. Mr. Gardner
remarks (page 32) that these coins have a distinctly
" Bactrian tinge " (cp. some of the coins of Eukratides,
the contemporary of Mithradates I), though he does not
insist (as I think quite rightly) that they were struck in
Bactria. The TOP, AOP pieces belong to the closing
years of the reign of Mithradates I, the other class seems
to be earlier.
Yet while assigning all these coins to the time of
Mithradates I, Mr. Gardner has rather discounted their
importance by describing them as coins of the satraps of
Mithradates. For myself, I have great difficulty in sup-
posing that coins bearing the name and titles of Arsaces
would accompany the head of a satrap ; and it is further
to be remarked that the Greek or Seleucid characteristics
of these coins — the head is turned to the right, and the
fillet border generally appears — which seemed, when
Gardner wrote, to differentiate them from the Parthian
series proper, are no longer so remarkable now that we
know, from recently published coins, the somewhat ex-
tensive influence of the Syrian on the Parthian coinage.
There is now little difficulty, therefore, in regarding these
coins as the money of Mithradates I, and as bearing the
portrait-head of the King himself.
But we require also a coinage for the earlier portion of
this reign. I would recognise this mainly in the silver
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. C C
190 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
and bronze attributed4by Gardner [PL I. 6-8 ; PI. VII. 4, 5]
to Arsaces, son of Tiridates (the so-called " Artabanus I ").
These coins bear a head not unlike the head which we
consider to be that of Mithradates I, and are especially
distinguished from the bulk of Parthian coins by the use
of the fillet border which, as we have seen, generally
appears on the supposed " satrapal " coins that we have
assigned to Mithradates I.
The two immediate predecessors of Mithradates I,
namely Phriapatius and Phraates I, we have already de-
prived of coins (in favour of Artabanus I and Phraates II),
and we have next to determine what money was used
by them and by the two earliest kings of Parthia, Tiridates
and his son Arsaces.
The only early coins that remain unattributed are those
of what may be called the " beardless head " class [e.g.,
PI. VII. 1-3]. These were assigned by Gardner (PL I.
1-5) to Tiridates and to his (perhaps doubtful) predecessor
on the throne, Arsaces, the founder. When Gardner
wrote, only three varieties of legend were known to occur
on this series of coins, but now that no less than six varieties
are published, the attribution may prove less simple. I
agree with my predecessors in thinking that these are the
earliest Parthian coins, for there is certainly great diffi-
culty in intercalating them anywhere among the bearded
portrait-heads, but, at the same time, their exact attribu-
bution seems to me to require reconsideration.
The coins (drachms) are as follows : —
i. APZAKOY (G. PI. I. 1.)
ii. BAZI AEHZ APZAKOY (G. PL 1. 2 ; PL VII, 1.)
iii. BAZIAEHZMErAAOY APZAKOY (G. PL I.
3, 4 ; pi. VII. 2 ; also diobol and obol in British
Museum.)
ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE.
191
iv. BAZIAEI1Z MEFAAOY APZAKOY 0EO-
flATOP British Museum, acquired in 1900.
(PL VII. 3.)
v. BAZIAEHZ 0EOY APZAKOY14
vi. APZAKOY [AYTOJKPATOPO (Obv. Head
to right.)9
Judging from the number of dies known, these coins
may be the currency of a considerable period, but their
inscriptions give the best clue to the date. From legends
i. and ii. nothing much can be argued, though the legend
APZAKOY (a very rare variety) would certainly seem
to inaugurate the coinage of Parthia. The title
BAZIAEHZ MEfAAOY (iii.), however early it may
have been assumed by Greek and Eastern monarchs,16 does
not occur on coins till the reign of Eukratides of Bactria,
B.C. 190-160, a king who was contemporary with Phria-
patius, Phraates I, and Mithradates I. It occurs also in
the Seleucid series on the money of Timarchus, circ.
B.C. 162. Unless, therefore, we are to lose sight of these
land-marks, we cannot well place the BAZIAEflZ
MEPAAOY class earlier than Phriapatius, or later
than Mithradates I. I propose to assign them to Phria^
patius and Phraates I. Some may also, possibly, have been
struck by Mithradates I, though, as we have already seen,
14 The original of this drachm is not now known to exist, but
it has been published from an impression that belonged to
Longperier, by M. Drouin, in Gazette Numismatique, 1899,
" Une drachme arsacide inedite."
15 Linewitch collection. See Drouin in the article cited in
the previous note, and in Rev. Num., 1890, p. 258.
16 Antiochus I Soter (B.C. 281-261) is called, on a Babylonian
cylinder, " the great king, the mighty king." See Schrader,
" Die datirung der babylonischen sogenannten Arsacidenin-
schriften," in Sitzungsberichte der konig. preussischen Akademic,
1890, p. 1331.
192 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
he uses this title for liis drachms with the bearded
portrait-head [PI. VII, 4]. The coins with APZAKOY
and BAZIAEHZ APZAKOY having a simpler form of
legend, and being, apparently, earlier in style than the
BAZIAEflZ MEfAAOY class,17 may be assigned to Tiri-
dates and Arsaces, son of Tiridates. This coinage is
indeed hardly sufficient for the long reign of Tiridates,
but the peculiar features of early Parthian history and
culture do not necessarily require the assumption (made
by all previous writers) that Tiridates struck coins from
the first moment of his reign.
The legend 0EOY (v.) is found in Bactria on the coins
of Agathocles and Antimachus, contemporaries (?) of
Eukratides, i.e., cifc. B.C. 190-160. It is a title used by
the earliest kings of Syria, though it does not occur on
their coins before Antiochus IY Epiphanes, B.C. 175-164.
Judging, therefore, from the evidence of coins, 0EOY is
likely to have been adopted in Parthia during the period
from Phriapatius to Mithradates I.
The title GEOriATOPOZ (iv.) first occurs on the
series of Alexander I, Bala, of Syria, B.C. 150-145, whose
reign coincides with the later portion of the reign of Mithra-
dates I. In the Parthian series itself, GEOnATOPOZ
is first found on the drachms that I have assigned to
Phraates II, the son of Mithradates I, and, indeed, the
reverse of our beardless - head drachm with this title
[PI. VII. 3] bears a remarkable resemblance to the reverse
of Phraates II [PI, VIII. 2]. Possibly, the GEOriA
TOP. . drachm now in question is the earliest coinage of
Phraates II, while the 0EOY drachm may be of his
17 Notice the attenuated figure on the reverse, which grows
shorter as the Parthian coinage advances.
ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 193
father, Mithradates I. The difficulty about this is, that
Phraates II would thus employ the beardless-head type,
though his father [PL VII, 4] had during the latter part
of his reign used the bearded-portrait type. An alternative
arrangement would be to assign 0EOF1ATOPOS to
Phraates I, and 0EOY to his father, Phriapatius. Both
these coins are unique, and at present their attribution
may well be left doubtful.
The remaining legend (vi.) supplies the title AYTO-
KPATOPOZ, which is extremely rare on Greek auto-
nomous coins. It occurs in Parthia on the money that
is almost certainly of jSinatruces, B.C. 77-70, and, still
later, on the coins that Gardner (PL IY. 18) attributes to
" Phraates IY, or a usurper." The earliest, and, so far
as I know, the only other appearance of AYTOKPA-
TOPOZ is (in the Seleucid series) on the coins of
Tryphon, B.C. 142-139. The title cannot, therefore, on
coins, be traced earlier than the period of Mithradates I
of Parthia, and it seems best to assign the drachm in
question to his reign.
We have now considered the coinage from Tiridates to
Mithradates II, but two or three coins of difficult attribu-
tion remain for discussion. The drachm in PL VIII. 7, with
a short beard, bears a resemblance to our Phraates II [G.
"Phraates I" : PL VIII. 3], but its title NIKH<K>POY,
its Seleucid style, and especially the date 0flP = B.c.
124-3, show that it cannot be of his reign.15 Gardner
has assigned it to Himerus, the favourite of Phraates II,
18 Dr. Dressel, who has kindly examined the original in the
Berlin Museum, informs me that there is practically no doubt
about the date ; the numerals 0F1, at any rate, are quite cer-
tain. The British Museum variety [PL VIII. 8], without date,
belongs, of course, to the same issuer.
194 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
who, as viceroy, despotically governed Seleucia and
Babylon. Gutschmid (op. cit. pp. 78, 79) rather arbi-
trarily denies the correctness of this attribution, though,
if we may trust Diodorus, Himerus was actually King of
Parthia. The tetradrachm in PI. VIII. 6 (not known when
Gardner wrote) is poorly preserved, but I am inclined to
think that it belongs to the issuer of the ©PIP drachm,
though it bears different titles, namely, Eni4>ANOYZ
<I>IAEAAHNOZ. If, however, a difficulty is found in
attributing this tetradrachm and drachm to Himerus, the
alternative is to regard them as the earliest coinage of
Mithradates II. The title EfII<l>ANOYZ is prominent
on the coins that we have already assigned to him
[PL VIII. 9-11], and — if this point may be insisted on — the
letters TY found in the exergue of the tetradrachm
[PI. VIII. 6] occur also on a tetradrachm of Mithradates II
(British Museum). At the same time, if we assign these
coins to Mithradates II rather than to Himerus, it must
be admitted that the appearance of this king greatly
altered in the course of years [cp. PI, VIII. 8 with PI.
VIII. 9.].
PI. VII. 8 is an unpublished drachm in the British
Museum. It is carelessly executed, or, at any rate,
badly struck, and does not closely resemble any of our
known portrait-heads. The style and legend — BAZI-
AEHZ MEPAAOY APZAKOY— seem to indicate a
fairly early date. I assign it, though very doubtfully, to
Mithradates I. The portrait is not unlike his, and the
bow behind the head f which is turned to the right) finds a
sort of parallel in the club behind the head on some of the
bronze coins that we have attributed to this king (Long-
perier, Arsacidts, PI. II. 23 ; cp. PL VII. 9-11).
The British Museum tetradrachm in PL VIII. 3 (first
ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 195
published by Rapson) is, unfortunately, not well pre-
served, and the monogram (?) on the reverse, the details
of the drapery or cuirass, and the shape of the nose —
that important Parthian feature — are not distinct. I
thought at first it might be the tetradrachin accompanying
the drachms [PI. VII. 4,5] of Mithradates I, but the
reverse type (Tyche seated) rather points to the reign of
Artabanus I. Possibly it is the first portrait-head of
Artabanus I, treated with less care and refinement than
the portrait on his known tetradrachms [PL VIII, 5].
The ten years that followed the death of Mithradates II
(circ. B.C. 88) are among the most obscure in Parthian
history. During this time the influence of the famous
Tigranes of Armenia was predominant, and we know that
he annexed portions of Parthian territory. During the
years 77-70 it is fairly certain that the king of Parthia
was Sinatruces, who, according to Lucian, had reached
the age of eighty when he ascended the throne. I agree
with Mr. Gardner in assigning to this king the coins in
PI. IX. 3, 4; G. PL III. 1-3, which alone uniformly
present an aged portrait.
In the gap between Mithradates II and Sinatruces,
Gutschmid has inserted a king named Artabanus (II),
whose existence he infers from an ingenious emendation
of Justin, ProL 41. There is certainly room for a king
here, and I suggest the attribution to him of the coins
which Gardner has given to Phraates II [PI. II. 8-12 ;
PL IX. 1, 2]. On historical grounds, this coinage is, no
doubt, difficult to date, for on the drachms we find the
remarkable legends APEIA,MAPriANH,TPAZIANH,
KATAZTPATEIA, legends which seem to point to a
period of conquest, or, at any rate, to an asserted claim
over Aria and Margiana. We should have looked for
196 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
such legends in the time of Mithradates I, or Mithra-
dates II, but on numismatic grounds it seems to me — as
it has seemed to Mr. Gardner — impossible to attribute
them to either of these reigns. Judging from the coins
themselves, they seem to follow fairly well after our
Mithradates II [PI, VIII. 9-11]. 19
Of Artabanus we know nothing, but certainly the
portrait on these coins bears considerable resemblance,
allowing for difference of age, to that of Sinatruces
[PI, IX, 3, 4], who was doubtless of Arsacid stock, and who
calls himself 4>IAOnATOPOZ. Perhaps the conjec-
ture may be permitted that Artabanus II was the father
of Sinatruces. It would appear (Lucian, Macrob. 16) that
Sinatruces came back to Parthia after a sojourn or exile
among the Scythian Sakauracae. Perhaps Artabanus,
during a period of confusion and opposition from Armenia,
had set up his court in the remoter parts of the empire,
in Aria and Margiana.
Three kings only remain to be noticed — Phraates III
and his two sons, Mithradates III and Orodes. To
Phraates III I would assign the coinage that Gardner
attributes to Mithradates II [PI. IX. 5, 6, 8 ; G. PL II.
17-24]. The tetradrachm PI. IX. 5, it will be observed,
bears the title 0EOY, which, according to Phlegon, was
a title assumed by Phraates III; but without laying
much stress on this, it may be further pointed out that
these coins seem, on account of their monograms, to
belong to this king rather than to Mithradates II. The
19 Notice the treatment of the head, the style of the cuirass,
and the reverse type (archer) of the tetradrachm. These coins
bear monograms which are distinct from those on the coins of
Mithradates II (G. " Mithradates I "), and which are not found
on the coins of later kings.
ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 197
monograms are of a well-known series, in which 2f-,
>S, &c., often occur, and which is found in several
later reigns — on the coins (according to Gardner) of
Mithradates III, on those of Orodes and of Phraates IV.
It seems desirable to keep these groups of monograms in
proximity. This can be done if we transfer Gardner's
"Mithradates II" to Phraates III. If, however, the
attribution to Mithradates II be maintained, two reigns
(Artabanus II and Sinatruces), with two different series of
monograms and letters, will break the continuity of the
Sf-, &c., series.
The drachms and bronze with helmeted head assigned
by Gardner [PL II. 13-15; PI. IX, 7] to Artabanus I
(" II ") are almost identical in appearance with the
drachms that I give to Phraates III [PL IX. 6 ; G. PL II.
19-22]. It is convenient, therefore, to class them with
his coins, though, in this case, it is rather a difficulty
that Phraates employs two different legends on his
drachms: i. EYEPfETOY EFIWANOYZ <NAEA-
AHNOZ; ii. GEOriATOPOZ NIKATOPOZ. The
unsatisfactory alternative is to assign the coins to some
unknown ruler of about the time of Phraates III.
To Mithradates III, Gardner has attributed a series of
drachms and bronze [G. PL III. 11-14; PL IX, 12, 13]
with a portrait-head that admittedly resembles that of
Orodes.20 Gardner considers this resemblance to be
a family likeness — Mithradates being the brother of
Orodes. And he further points out that Mithradates has
a different legend from Orodes, and that he wears a
0 This supposed coinage of Mithradates III resembles the
coinage of Orodes in several other respects ; the triple tie of
the diadem ; the bulging out of the hair ; and the occurrence
of a star behind the head.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. D D
198 s NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
necklace of clasps, while Orodes is adorned with a spiral
necklace. The difference of legend must be admitted,
but I doubt whether much weight can be allowed to the
distinction between the two kinds of necklace, for we find
(under Orodes) a clasp necklace worn by Pacorus, and
also, occasionally, by Phraates IV when he became sole
king.
New light seems to be thrown on this supposed coinage
of Mithradates III by the remarkable drachm [PI. IX, 13],
named and dated, which, as I have elsewhere shown
(Num. Chron., 1900, p. 92, No. 3), must have been struck
by Phraates (IV) in the year |~OZ, i.e., B.C. 40-39,
during the lifetime of his father Orodes.21 This drachm
has the clasp necklace, and the head is practically identical
with the head on a drachm [PL IX. 12 = Num Chron.,
1900, p. 92, No. 4] which Gardner (p. 37) assigns to
Mithradates III.22 We seem compelled, then, to refer
the coins of Mithradates III to the time of Orodes, when
they were probably struck under the influence of
Phraates (IV), though with the head of Orodes.23
21 In the Von Petrowicz collection is a remarkable tetradrachm
(obv. Bust of Orodes (?), rev. King seated holding Nike) bearing,
like this drachm, the date I~OZ.
22 In Num. Chron., 1900, p. 92, No. 4, I read this drachm
(PI. IX. 12) as Mr. Gardner had read it. Col. A. de la Fuye
kindly informs me that he reads (and I think rightly) oE after
the word APCAKoY. He regards oC as a date = year 270
= B.C. 43-42. If oC is not a date, it may be merely an engraver's
blunder — the whole inscription is carelessly executed — e.g.
pE may be the last two letters of 6YTTAToPoE, written, by
inadvertence, in two different parts of the coin. Longperier
(PI. VII. 83) reads on a similar coin ©EoV.
23 The coins of Gardner's " Mithradates III " here trans-
ferred to Orodes are inscribed BAZIAEflZ MEfAAOY,
and also BAZIAEJIZ BAZIAEflN. All the coins
hitherto assigned to Orodes have the legend BAZIAEflZ
, and the reversion to the simpler BAZIAE.QZ
ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 199
To Mithradates III, whom we have thus deprived of
his coins, I attribute the only specimens not yet assigned,
those of Gardner's " Phraates III " [PL IX. 9, 10 ; G.
PL III. 4-10].
With regard to the coins to be assigned to Orodes (and
to Pacorus) I am quite in agreement with Mr. Gardner
[G. PL III. 15-30 ; IV. 1, 2 ; cp. PI, IX. 11], though, if
the attribution above discussed be accepted, we shall have
to add the coins of Gardner's " Mithradates III."
The tetradrachms of Phraates IV (the successor of
Orodes), and of the later Parthian kings, are dated, and
though not a few difficulties remain, we are, for the first
time, in comparatively smooth water. I will not, there-
fore, make further demands on the attention of those
readers who have kindly followed me so far. For the
sake of lucidity, no less than of brevity, I have omitted
many matters of detail, some of which would, I imagine,
support the attributions here proposed, though, on the
other hand, it may well be that I have omitted— of
course, unintentionally — to notice various points that
may be held to make against my views.24
In conclusion, I may say that the main object of this
paper will have been attained if it stimulates discussion,
and leads to the publication of coins not hitherto made
known. WARWICK WROTH.
MEFAAOY is, I must admit, an objection to the proposed
transference. It may be remarked, however, that Orodes and
his sons (Pacorus and Phraates IV) indulged in many varieties
of legend on their coins.
^ There are many topics of interest that require discussion ;
for instance, the relationship to the Parthian series of the coins
of Andragoras (Howorth in Num. Chron., 1890, p. 83), of
those of the Kamnaskires dynasty (Elymais ?), and of those of
Persis. Still more important is a discussion as to Parthian
mint-places.
200 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
NOTES ON PLATES VII.— IX.
All the coins, unless otherwise .described, are in the British
Museum.
Plate VII.
1. Tiridates and Arsaces (his son). BAZIAEflZ APZA-
KOY. Wt. 61-3 grs.
2. Phriapatius and Phraates I. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAoY
APZAKoY 0. Wt. 58-4 grs.
3. Phraates I or II. BAZIAEI1Z MEfAAoY APZA-
KoY GEonAToP. Wt. 60 grs.
4. Mithradates I. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAoY APZAKoY
:= Gardner, PI. I. 6.
5. Mithradates I. Similar to No. 4. Wt. 60 grs.
6. Mithradates I. Obv. Head of King, diademed (Mithra-
dates I); fillet border. Rev. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAoY
APZAKoY. Bearded head in Parthian or Persian head-
dress (Mithradates I or one of his predecessors). Wt. 9'4 grs.
7. Mithradates I. BAZIAEflZ MEfAAoY APZAKoY
(and monogram ?) = G. PI. II. 3.
8. Mithradates I ? Obv. Head with bow at neck ; border
of dots. Rev. BAZIAEHZ MEfAA APZAK. Wt.
57'4 grs. Purchased of Mr. G. le Strange in 1881.
9. Mithradates I. = G. PI. II. 4 (obv. Border of dots ?).
10. Mithradates I. Obv. Head in fillet border. Rev.
BAZIAEHZ MEfAAoY APZAKoY.
11. Mithradates I. = G. PI. II. 6.
12. Mithradates I. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAoY APZAKoY
<NAEAAHNoZ TOP. Wt. 241-1 grs.
13. = G. PI. II. 2.
Plate VIII.
1. Phraates II. BAZIAEHZ APZAKoY. = G. PI. 1.12.
Berlin Museum.
2. Phraates II. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAoY APZAKoY
GEoHAToPoZ. Wt. 64 grs.
3. Arfcabanus I ? BAZIAEHZ APZAKoY. = Rapson,
Xiun. Chron., 1893, p. 213, No. 4.
ON THE REARRANGEMENT OF PARTHIAN COINAGE. 201
4. Artabanus I. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAoY APZAKoY
<!>IAAAEA<l>oY. =G.PLL9.
5. Artabanus I. BAZIAEflZ APZAKoY. = Rapson,
Num. Chron., 1893, p. 213, No. 2.
6. Himerus or Mithradates II ? = Eapson, op. cit., p. 214,
No. 5. BAZIAEnZ APZAKoY Eni4>ANOYZ 4>IAEA-
AHNoZ ; in ex., TY and mon.
7. Himerus or Mithradates II. B AZ I A EHZ M EfA AoY
APZAKoY NIKhWoPoY. = G. PI. II. 16; in ex.,0nP.
Berlin Museum.
8. Himerus or Mithradates II. = Rapson, op. cit., p. 214»
No. 6.
9. Mithradates II. = Num. Chron., 1897, p. 116, No. 36.
10. Mithradates II. Wt. 65 grs.
11. Mithradates II. BAZIAEilZ BAZIAEHN ME-
TAAoY APZAKoY EHWANOYZ. Wt. 64-5 grs.
Plate IX.
1. Artabanus II. BAZIAEHZ MEPAAOY APZA-
KOY GEoHATOPOZ EYEPfEToY Eni<l>ANoYZ
<I>IAEAAHNOZ. Wt. 246 3 grs.
2. Artabanus II. = G. PI. II. 9.
3. Sinatruces. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAOY APZAKOY
[AYTOKPATOPOZ 4>IAOHATOPOZ] EHWA-
NOYZ <I>IAEAAHNOZ. The British Museum does not
possess an original tetradrachm. This specimen is from a
plaster cast in another collection.
4. Sinatruces. Wt. 64 grs. Cp. G. PI. III. 2.
5. PhraatesIII. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAOY APZAKOY
0EOY EYEPfETOY EfWANOYZ 4>IAEAAHNOZ.
Wt. 240-4 grs.
6. Phraates III. Same inscription as No. 5, without 0EOY.
Wt. 60 grs.
7. Phraates III? BAZIAEHZ MEfAAOY APZA-
KOY GEOnATOPOZ NIKATOPOZ. Wt. 59 3 grs.
8. PhraatesIII. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAOY APZAKOY
EYEPfETOY Eni4>ANOYZ 4>IAEAAHNOZ. Wt.
63'3 grs.
202 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
9. Mithradates III. = G. PL III. 4. BAZIAEflZ ME-
TAAOY APZAKOY GEOnATOPoZ EYEPfETOY
EnWANOYZ 4>IAEAAHNOZ.
10. Mithradates III. Similar inscription to No. 9, with
<HAOnATOPoZ for GEOnATOPoX. Wt. 61-4 grs.
11. Orodes. Obv. of drachm of Orodes.
12. Phraates (IV) under Orodes. BAEIAEYoNTOC
BACIAEflN APCAKoY(oE?) eYflAToPo E Al-
KAloY Eni<l>ANOYC KAI 4>IAEA AHNOE = Num.
Chron., 1900, p. 92, No. 4. Cp. supra, p. 198, note 22.
13. Phraates (IV) under Orodes. BACIAEHC BACI-
AEHN [APjCAKoY Alo[Y or E ?] EYEPfEToY
WPAAToY EFllKAAoYMENoY Eni<|)ANoYZ
[<!>]IAEAAHNoZ ToZ = Num. Chron., 1900, p. 92, No. 3.
XI.
UNPUBLISHED OR RARE COINS OF SMYRNA
IN THE BODLEIAN CABINET.
THE large collection of Greek coins in the Bodleian
Library is singularly strong in some regions, just as it
is quite absurdly weak in others. From the first it has
depended entirely on donors, and has never possessed any
endowment of its own, so that its increase comes entirely
from the chance gifts of the collector and the traveller,
not from systematic additions by its curators.
Among the well-represented districts is Ionia, one of
the earliest benefactors of the cabinet having been
William Raye, Consul at Smyrna. He made over to the
library, in 1704, 600 Greek coins obtained from the widow
of Daniel Patridge, a Smyrna merchant, who had himself
intended to give them to the Bodleian had he survived.
The Patridge-Raye gift accounts for the fact that the
cabinet contains some dozens of Smyrniot coins not found
in the British Museum Catalogue. The majority are varieties
of known types, but a certain amount appear to be wholly
new to the collector. I have therefore thought it worth while
to prepare a list of them for the Numismatic Chronicle.
TETBADEACHM OF SECOND CENTURY, B.C.
1. Qbv. — Head of Kybele r., turreted.
JR. Grs. 256. Size 1-4.
204 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
The monogram on the reverse of this very fine coin
differs wholly from those on the two pieces of similar
type in the B. M. Catalogue. It must have belonged to
a magistrate whose name began with EY, as those letters
are emphasized.
2. Olv. — Head of Kybele r., turreted.
Rev. — IMYP. Portable altar with three legs, narrow
waist, handles, and large cover. TIMI1N (1.)
M. -5.
3. Obv. — Head of Kybele r., turreted.
Rev.— Portable altar, &c. IMYP. flJPOl EN[OZ.
M. -5.
These magistrates' names do not appear among the
similar coins inS. M. Cat., Smyrna, 65 — 70.
4. Olv. — Head of Apollo r., laureate, border of dots.
Rev.— IMYPNAIflN. Hand in cestus, to 1. palm-
branch. A PI O A All ; in exergue N EH.
M. -55.
Also a new magistrate's name.
5. Obv. — Head of Apollo r., laureate.
Rev.— IMYP. Lyre. EYMAXOZ.
M. -45.
6. Obv. — Head of Apollo r., laureate.
Rev. — IMYPNAIUN. Lyre charged with a very large
star across the chords. nP-QTOfENHZ.
JE. -45.
This large star suggests that the lyre may be the
constellation Lyra.
RARE COINS OF SMYRNA IN THE BODLEIAN CABINET. 205
7. Obv. — Head of Apollo r.r laureate.
jfot'.— XMYPNAinN. Homer seated l.,his right hand
raised to his chin, holding volumen on his knees ;
behind him transverse staff. API ATOYPIOZ.
M. -9.
8. Obv. — Head of Apollo r., laureate.
Rev.—A.B last. APIZTOKAHZ.
M. -9.
9. Obv. — Head of Apollo r., laureate.
Rev.— As last. APIZTOMENHZ.
M. -9.
10. Obv. — Head of Apollo r., laureate.
Eev.— As last. 0EOTI MOZ.
TO B.
M. -9.
11. Obv. — Head of Apollo r., laureate.
Re,.— As last. [4>]ANOKPATHZ.
M. -9.
12. Obv. — Head of Apollo r., laureate.
Rev.— As last. HPHAHZ
XIOY.
M. -9.
13. Obv. — Head of Apollo r., laureate.
Rev.— As last. M EN EKPATHZ
. . . EPIO3 TO B.
M. -9.
14. Obv. — Head of Apollo r., laureate.
Kev.— As last. NIKIAZ
... flTOZ.
M. -9.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. E E
206 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
15. Obv. — Head of Apollo r., laureate.
Eev.— As last. 4>ANHZ
MHTPOAHPOY.
JE. '9.
16. Obv. — Head of Apollo r., laureate.
Rev. — Similar type, in front, star.
IMYPNALQN
AHATOYPIOZ.
JE. -9.
IMPEEIAL TIMES.
[Without Emperors' heads.]
17. Obv.— 0EON CYN KAHTON. Bust of the Senate
draped, with formal curls, to r., on each side of
the neck Z and M.
Eev.— 4>IAOnATPIZ. GEAN PflMHN. Rome
in military dress standing to left, holding spear
in r. and trophy in 1.
M. '8.
A very pretty coin, of the finest work of the early
empire. The type seems quite unknown.
TIME OP THE ANTONINES.
18. Obv.— [ZIHYJAHNH. Bust of Cybele Sipylene r.,
turreted : border of dots.
Rev. — CM YPN A Lion r., holding tympanum in his
I UN front paws.
M. -7.
A combination of the obv. of B. M. 160, with the rev.
of B. M. 169.
RARE COINS OF SMYRNA IN THE BODLEIAN CABINET. 207
TIME OF SEVERUS OB SLIGHTLY LATER.
19. obv.— I EPA CY NKAHTOZ Youthful bust of the
Senate r., border of dots.
- JRw.— CMYPNAin NE niMENEK; in exergue,
AEOYZ. Two Nemeses face to face, each
plucking chiton at neck ; one holds bridle, the
other cubit rule ; at foot of latter a wheel ; border
of dots.
^E. -9.
A well-known type, but Menecles is a new magistrate.
TIME OF GOKDIAN.
20. Obv.— IEPA CY NKAHTOZ Youthful bust of the
Senate r., border of dots.
Rev.— CMYPNAIHN EF1ITEPTI; in exergue,
OY AZI Tetrastyle temple, in which Statue of
Tyche, with modius, rudder and cornucopias to 1.,
border of dots.
M. 1-0.
The type of B. M. 239, but with the magistrate
Tertius, whose name is found only on the Amazon Smyrna
type in the B. M. Collection.
IMPERIAL COINS WITH PORTRAITS.
21. Obv. — Young bare head of an emperor, much like that of
C. Caesar, draped to r.
Jfcv.-CMYPNAI Crab.
UN
M. -6.
22. Obv.— <|>AYCTEINA ZEBACTH Draped bust of
Faustina junior to r.
^r.-CTPAKAnP[OKA]OY CCWCTO ; in ex-
ergue, CMYP. Two Nemeses face to face, each
plucking chiton at neck ; one carries bridle, the
other cubit rule. [No wheel.]
M. M.
208 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
This well-known type does not occur on the coins of
Faustina II, in the B. M.
23. Obv.— KPICneiNA CEBACTH Draped bust of
Crispina to r.
Rev.—. . . PO CTPA MEAE ; in exergue, CMYP . .
Commodus riding to r., with spear uplifted ;
under feet of his horse a captive, with hands
bound, seated to r.
M. M.
No coins of Crispina are in the B. M. The name of
the strategos, MEAE, is unfortunately in a state of hope-
less mutilation.
24. Obv.— IOY MAME CEOYHPAC. Draped bust of
Julia Mamaea to r.
Rev.— CMYPNAIHN f NEnKOPjQN. Heracles
holding cantharus, club and lion skin, to 1.
M. -9.
This is a coin of Mamsea hastily and unskilfully altered
into one of Otacilia (not, of course, of Aquilia Severa) ;
the engraver has not even taken the trouble to change the
IOY MAME into MflTAKIA. The piece is in excellent
condition, so that the idea of a faulty restrike is excluded.
25. Obv.— HO AIK OYAAEPIANOC Draped and
bare-headed bust of Saloninus to r.
Eev.—ZM (in field) YPNAIHN T NEHKO PUN
(in field). Heracles with cantharus, club and
lion skin, to 1.
M. '8.
The bare youthful head and want of imperial titles,
show that this is a piece of Saloninus, and not of his
grandfather Valerian. He seems to have been hitherto
unrepresented at Smyrna.
C. OMAN.
XII.
ON A HOARD OF ROMAN COINS FOUND AT
CARHAYES, CORNWALL.
IN November, 1869, a large hoard of Roman coins was
discovered in the parish of St. Michael Carhayes (or Caer-
hays), a village about ten miles east of Truro, on the coast
near Dodman Point. The discovery, I am told, was made
b}' two labourers, who were digging a ditch in a wooded
valley called the Beechtree Wood, on the property of Mr.
Williams, of Carhayes Castle. The valley was once a
tidal creek, and when the labourers had dug through the
black earth of vegetable deposit, nearly three feet thick,
they came to sea-sand and, in it, three stones set to enclose
a small triangular space. In that space was a tin jug
fastened with a wooden plug, and when the finders had
battered off the neck, plug, and handle, they found the
interior full of Roman coins. The total number of coins
in the jug must have been, so far as I can make out, not
less than 2,500. The hoard was at once divided. The
jug and some 1,500 coins passed into the possession of
the late Mr. J. M. Williams, and, with the exception of
some coins given away, are still preserved at Carhayes
Castle. A summary of these, in total 1499, with a notice
of the discovery, was contributed by the late Rev. W.
Willimott, then rector of the parish, to the Archaeological
Institute in 1870 (Journal, xxvii. 142, 208). The total
210 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
of coins seems to have been since diminished by gifts,
which must have amounted in all to not far short of 200
coins. Thus 30 coins were given by Mr. Williams to the
Royal Institution of Cornwall and deposited in the Truro
Museum (E.I.C. Journal, Yol. iii. No. 12, pp. xxi., xxix.),
and Mr. W. C. Borlase, in his Laregan Catalogue, men-
tions 28 as presented to him. The remainder, 1,309 in
number, were submitted to me with the jug in 1888 by
the kindness of Mr. Williams and Mr. Willimott. The
other part of the hoard, somewhere about 1,000 coins, was
kept, I am told, by one of the finders, long since dead, and
ultimately came into the possession of Mr. Dunn, of
Mevagissey. Of these 1,000, 100 were given by Mr.
Dunn to the Wisbeach Museum ; about the same number
were dispersed among private individuals, and the rest,
790 in number, were submitted to me in 1890, through the
Rev. W. lago, to whom I am indebted for much of the
above information and for other kindnesses.
The hoard is a good specimen of a numerous class.
It consists wholly of "third brass" minted between the
accession of Valerian (A.D. 253) and the death of Probus
(A.D. 282). Many hoards of almost identical contents
have been found in England and northern France, and
it is probable that they were buried or lost during
the troublous years, which followed the death of Probus
in 282 and the usurpation of Carausius in 287. More
hoards probably were buried than lost : the Carhayes hoard
certainly was buried on purpose, if the circumstances of
the discovery have been correctly reported to me. The
discovery of such a hoard in Cornwall need cause no
surprise. Roman remains, coins or other, of the first or
second century, are somewhat infrequent west of Exeter,
but during the third century the Roman element in the
ON ROMAN COINS FOUND AT CARHAYES, CORNWALL. 211
far west becomes more apparent. The tin-streams, neg-
lected since the days of Csesar, seem now to have been
reopened. It cannot be an accident that nearly all the
kjiown Romano- British vessels or objects of tin or pewter
are connected with the period 250 — 400. The pewter
slabs dredged out of the Thames near Battersea at various
times in this century can hardly be earlier than the Con-
stan tines, and we may equally ascribe to the fourth century
the one existing piece of direct evidence that Romans ever
sought tin in Cornwall — I mean the inscribed pig of tin
which I detected some years ago in the Truro Museum.
Not unnaturally we find the Roman coins of 250 — 400
are also relatively plentiful in Devon and Cornwall, and
parallels to the Carhayes hoard are not unknown. They
have been found in Devon, at Bovey Tracey, Hennock,
Compton Gifford, and Milter Down, and in Cornwall, at
Mopas (or Malpas) Passage near Truro, Morvah, Ludgvan
and (I believe) Land's End.
The tin jug in which the coins were found must, when
perfect, have resembled a squat claret jug. At present,
with its neck broken off, it stands eight inches high, and
is just three times as much round its greatest circum-
ference. The metal has been tested by expert analysis,
and is almost pure tin.
The following catalogue is, in the main, a list of the
reverses, with references, where desirable, to the second
edition of Cohen's Description historique des monnaies
frappees sous I'empire romain (vols. v. vi., 1885 — 6), and
statistics of the numbers of coins of each reverse. I
have catalogued the two parts of the hoard separately,
because it was not inconvenient to do so, and it seemed
a good opportunity of illustrating the extent to which
a half or a third of a large hoard, taken at random,
212 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
may be reasonably considered as representative of the
whole. So much of our knowledge of hoards is a know-
ledge only of such random portions that the figures here
ascertainable seemed worth printing. I think the result
is reassuring. W means Mr. Williams's half, X Mr.
Dunn's.
The hoard contains very few new varieties, and none,
so far as I can judge, of the least importance.
VALERIAN.
w x
FELICITAS AVGG. Cohen 53 ... 1 0
EESTITVTOE OEBIS. C. 183 . . . 1 (2) 0
GALLIENUS.
ABYNDANTIA (exergue B). C. 5 . .11 1
AEQVITAS AVG. (field VI. and 6). C. 24 . 2
AETEENITAS AVG. C. 38 ... 1 4
APOLLINI CONS. AVG. C. 72, 73, 77 . 5 4
BON. EVEN. AVG. (ex MT). C. 98 . . 1
CONCOE. AVG. C. 116 . . . . 1
CONCOEDIA 1
CONSECEATIO 1
DIANAE CONS. AVG. (ex. S, xi. or xii). C.
157, 168, 160, 163, 165 ... 16 7
FELICITAS PVBL. C. 192 ... — 1
FIDES MIL. C. 246 .... — 3
FOETVNA EED. and EEDVX. C. 260, 261,
265, 269 8 5
HEECVLI CONS. AVG. (ex. 6). C. 317 . — 1
IOVI CONS. AVG. (ex. S). C. 341, 344, 352 5 1
IOVI PEOPVGNAT. (field XL). C. 380 . 3
IOVIS STATOE (field G). C. 388 .. 1
IOVI VLTOEI. C. 408 ? . . . . — 1
LAETITIA AVG 4
LIBEEAL. AVG. (field S). C. 563 . . 2 1
MAETI PACIFEEO (field H). C. 617, 621 5 3
NEPTVNO CONS. AVG. (ex. S and N). C.
667, 670 4 —
ON ROMAN COINS FOUND AT CARHAYES, CORNWALL. 213
W X
OEIENS AVG. C. 699 ? . ... . — 1
PAX AVG. (field T). C, 727 . . . 5 1
PAX PVBLIOA 1
PIETAS. C. 785 — 1
PEG VI. PEOVID. or PEOVIDENTIA AVG. 5 1
EELIGIO AVG. (field Q). Obv.— IMP.
GALLIENVS AVG. apparently the same
as Cohen's Valerian 177, 178 . . - . 1
SALVS AVG. (field 0 P) . . . . 1
SECVEIT. PEEPET. (field H). C. 962 . 4 2
SOLI CONS. AVG. (ex. N). 0.979 . . 3
VBEEITAS(1008) VBEETAS . . . 1 1
VICTOEIA AVG. . . . .-'.. . 1 1
VIETVS AVG. and AVGVSTI. C. 1221, 1321,
1322 . . ...... 5 2
Uncertain . ...... 10 (108) 5 (47)
SALONIKA.
AVG. IN PACE (ex. MS.). C. 17 . * 3
FECVNDITAS AVG. (field A). C. 44: but
the obverse has COENEL • SALONINA •
AVG. . . .'.'.. 1
IVNO AVG. (ex. MS.). C. 55 ... — 2
IVNO CONSEEVAT. (field N). C. 56 . 1
IVNONI CONS. AVG. (ex. A). C. 69 . 1
IVNO EEGINA (field P). C. 67 . . 1
PIETAS AVG. and AVGG. C. 77, 79, 84 . 3
VENVS VICT. and VICTEIX. C. 126, 129 2
VESTA FELIX (field S). C. 147 .. 1 (13) — (2)
POSTUMTJS.
COS. IIII. C. 31 . . . ". •. 4 —
COS. V. C. 32 . . . . . . 1
FIDES EQVIT. (ex. P). C. 59 . . .' 1
IMP. X. COS. V. C. 144 . . , , 1
IOVI VICTOEI. C. 161 . . . , . — 2
OEIENS AVG. (field P). C. 213 . '. 3
P.M. TE.P. COS. II. P.P. C. 243 .. 2
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. F F
214 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
W X
PAX AVG. 0. 215, 227 .... 12 4
PAX EQVTTVM (ex. T). 0. 228 .. 1
SAEC. FELICITAS. Apparently a new
variant. Rev. — Felicity to 1. with cadu-
ceus and cornucopiae .... — 1
SALTS AVG. 0. 336, 339 .... 1 1
VIETVS EQVITVM (ex. T). C. 441, 443 , 2
Undecipherable 2 (28) — (10)
LAELIANUS.
VICTORIA. C. 4 2
VlCTORINTJS.1
AEQVITAS AVG. 4 5 —
COMES AVG. C. 18 1
FIDES MILITVM. C. 36 ... 6 1
INVICTVS (field #). C. 49 . . .51 27
Ditto C. 46 — 1
PAX AVG. C. 79 (with or without star in
field) 59 32
Ditto, 0. 83, 85 — 2
PIETAS AVG. C. 90 . . . .27 14
PEOVIDENTIA AVG. C. 101 . . . 35 30
SALVS AVG. C. 112, 118 ... 56 42
VICTORIA. C. 126 (or variant thereof) . 1 1
VIRTVS AVG. C. 131 . . . . 33 24
Undecipherable 18(292) 4(178)
MARIUS.
CONCORDIA MILITVM. C. 4 . . — 1
SAEC. FELICITAS. C. 13 ... 1
VICTORIA AVG. C. 19, 20 ... 4 1
VIRTVS AVG. C. 22 . . . . 1(6) —(2)
1 As there has been controversy respecting the name Piavonius,
borne by this ruler, I may say that nothing in this hoard (nor on
any coin known to me) supports the notion that it was Pius
Avonius.
ON ROMAN COINS FOUND AT CARHAYES, CORNWALL. 215
TETRICUS SENIOR.
AEQVITAS AVG 3
COMES AVG. 0. 17, 18 . . . . 33 29
CONCOEDIA AVG. 0. 22, 23 . . . 1
FIDES MILITVM. C. 37, 39, 43 . , 17 22
HILAEITAS AVGG. 0. 54 . .68 29
INVICTVS. C. 60 — 1
LAETITIA AVGG. and AVG. N. 0. 70, 71, 75 109 98
MAES VICTOE. C. 80 . . . , — 1
PAX AVGG 95 87
PEINO. IVVENT. C. 131 ... 2 2
SALVS AVGG. C. 153, 154 . . . 40 20
SPES AVGG. and SPES PVBLICA . 25 21
VICTOEIA AVG. C. 185 . . . . 22 14
VIETVS AVGG. C. 201, 207 . . .45 29
Undecipherable . . . 31 (481) 10(363)
TETRICUS JUNIOR.
COMES AVGG. C. 7 .... 2 7
PAX AVGG. C. 34 5 4
PIETAS AVGG. and AVGVSTOE. C. 48, 53,
59, 60 34 27
PEINC. IVVENT. C. 62 . , , ,14 3
SPES AVGG. 0. 88 (89 ?) . . . 70 46
SPES PVBLICA. C. 97 .... 54 65
Undecipherable 17(196)13(169)
CLAUDIUS II.
AEQVITAS AVG. C. 6, 7 (10 ?) . . 15 1
AETEENIT. AVG. C. 16 ... 2 —
ANNONA AVG. C. 21, 22 . . . 5 —
CONSECEATIO. C. 41, 43, 50, 54 . . 9 3
FELIC. TEMPO. C. 77 .... 1 —
FELICITAS AVG. C. 79, 80 . . . 3 5
FIDES EXEECI. C. 86 ... 2 —
FIDES MILITVM. C. 88, 92 . . . 4 —
FOETVNA AVG. C. 96 . . ' . . 2
FOETVNA(E) BED. (EEDVX). C. 104,
108 .. _
216
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
W X
GENIVS AYG. 0. 109, 110 ... 4 3
GENIVS EXERCL C.,114 . . 1 2
IOVI VICTORI. C. 125, 129, 131 .. 4 1
LIBERALITAS AYG. C. 144 . . . 2
LIBERT, and LIBERTAS AYG. C, 150, 151,
152 ....... 6
MARS YLTOR. C. 159, 160 ... 1 2
ORIENS AYG. C. 185 (? 186) ... 1
P.M. TR.P. II. COS. P.P. C. 214 . . 3
PROYID. and PROYIDEN. and PROYI-
DENTIA AYG. C. 226, 227, 230, 234 . 9 5
SALYS AYG. C. 262, 265 .... 2 1
SECYRIT. AYG. C. 268 . . . . 1
SPES AYG. C. 276 1
SPES PYBLIOA. C. 281 . . . . 4
VICTORIA AYG. C. 293, 294, 295 .. 7
YIRTYS AYG. C. 313, 314 ... 2
Undecipherable 13 (106) 2 (27)
QUINTILLUS.
APOLLINI (field H). C. 5 . . . 1
CONCORDIA AYG. C. 8, 17 . . . 3
FIDES MILITYM (field 6). C. 28 . . 2
FORTVNA REDYX (field Z). C. 32 . . 2
LAETITIA AYG. (ex. XII). C. 39 . . 1
MARTI PACI. (ex. P). C. 47 . . .2
PAX AYGYSTI C. 52 . . . 1
PROYIDENT. AYG. (ex. S). C. 59 . . 2
SECYRIT. AYG. (field XI). C. 63 . . 1
VICTORIA AYG. (field F). C. 70 . 1
YIRTYS AYG. (field B). C. 73 . . . 2 (18) 1 (1)
AUKELIAN.
ORIENS AYG. (ex. XXI* ; field II). C. 143 1
Ditto, C. 154 1
PACATOR ORBIS (ex. CL). - C. 161 . . 1
PAX AYGYSTI (field # T). C. 169 . . 1
PROYIDEN. DEORYM (ex. T XX). C. 183 1
ON ROMAN COINS FOUND AT CARHAYES, CORNWALL. 217
W X
EOMAE AETEBNAE (ex. Q). 0.220 . — 1
SOLI INVICTO (ex. II). 0. 230 . 1 (fi) — (2)
TACITUS.
FIDES MILITVM (ex. BA). C. 47 . . 1
LAETITIA FVND. (ex. XXI B). C. 52 . 1
PAX AETEBNA (field B#). C. 65 . . 1
PEOVID. DEOE. C. 86 . . . . 1
SALVS PYBLIOA (field 0). 0. 130 . . 1
TEMPOEYM FELICITAS (field AA). C. 144 1 (6) — (0)
FLORIANTJS.
AEQVITAS AVG. (ex. XXII). C. 1 . . 1
PBOVIDENTIA AVG. (ex. XXI A.) C. 77. 1 (2) — (0)
PROBTJS.
ABVNDANTIA AVGK C. 1 -.„"•'... . 1
ADVENTVS AVG. (ex. B#A). C. 37 . . 1
COMES AVG. C. 105 .... 2
CONSEEVAT. AVQ. (ex. T XXX). C. 188 . 1
FIDES MILIT. and MILITVM. C. 248, 252 3
LAETITIA AVG. (ex. IIII). C. 329 . . 2 —
MAES VIOTOE (ex. II and III). C. 334 . 4 —
MAETI PACIF. (ex. AXXI). C. 350 . . 1 —
P AX AVG. (field D). 0.401 2 —
Ditto (field L) _ 1
PIETAS AVG. (field C). C. 435 . . . 1 —
PEOVIDENTIA AVG. (ex. III). 0. 496 . 1 —
SALVS AVG. (field B). C. 571 . . . 1 —
SEGVEITAS OEBIS (ex. I). 0. 624 . . 1 —
SOLI INVICTO. 0. 647 .... 1 —
TEMPOEVM FELICITAS. 0. 728 . . 1 —
VIETVS AVG. (ex. IIII). C. 816 . . 1 (24) — (1)
Undecipherable . . . . : . ,. ' . 20 2
1,309 790
F. HAVERFIELD.
XIII.
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND.
(See Plates X. and XI.)
IT has not infrequently occurred to me that there are
two separate issues of English coins, which have not
received from numismatic writers the full amount of
attention, to which for more than one reason they are
fully entitled.
The issues to which I refer, are those of the gold
penny by Henry III, and of the florin and its parts by
Edward III. "With regard to each of them I propose to
say a few words, and in doing so, to treat both of the
actual coins and of their history. Though there is little
new to add, it will be well to gather together what has
already been said on the subject.
First, as to the gold penny of Henry III. In the year
1736, Martin Folkes published "A Table of English
Gold Coins from the eighteenth year of King Edward the
Third, when gold was first coined in England, to the
present time," thus clearly showing that he was unaware
of any gold coins having been struck under Henry the
Third. In 1745 and again in 1761 the work was re-
printed with the same title, but to the edition of 1763, in
which the Tables of English Silver and Gold Coins were
reproduced by the Society of Antiquaries, a Supplement
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 219
is appended, and there, as Plate VI., No. 18, in an unob-
trusive position between nobles of Henry IY and VI, the
gold penny of Henry III is for the first time figured.
In all three editions of Ruding's Annals of the
Coinage, this same Supplemental Plate appears. In Snel-
ling's View of the Gold Coin and Coinage of England,
printed in 1763, an engraving of the gold penny is pre-
fixed to the Introduction, and it is stated that it was
" but within a twelvemonth that Mr. Hodsol has had the
good fortune to have his fine cabinet adorned with this
truly curious and valuable piece."
Pinkerton, in his Essay on Medals, 1808, engraves the
same coin on PL II., No. 1, and adds (vol. ii., p. 433) that
only three such gold pennies were at that time known,
one of which was in the possession of Mr. Hodsol and
another in that of Mr. Solly.
A second and different specimen of the gold penny is
figured in the Numismatic Chronicle, vol. iii. (1841),
p. 191, in illustration of a paper on a new method of
obtaining representations of coins; but the author, J. W. B.
(J. W. Burgon), merely describes the coin and says that
only three specimens of it are known to be in existence.
Two of these in the British Museum form the subject of a
short article by Mr. S. F. Corkran, in the Numismatic
Chronicle, N.S. vol. viii. (1868), p. 234 ; but no illustra-
tions are given, and there is but little added to the infor-
mation that had already been published by Snelling.
A poor engraving of a gold penny of Henry III appears
in Noel Humphreys' Coinage of the British Empire, pub-
lished in 1854, as PI. XXI. No. 1. It there seems to have
been inserted as an after-thought, among foreign siege-
pieces and pieces of necessity.
In 1870, Mr. H. W. Henfrey, in his Guide to the Study
220 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
and Arrangement of English Coins, has a woodcut of the
first mentioned coin, and says that the workmanship is
much superior to that of the silver coins of the same
period.
In 1884, Mr. Kenyon's excellent work on the Gold
Coins of England made its appearance, but though an
account of three varieties of the gold penny is given, the
coin by some unfortunate accident is not represented in
the Plates. A woodcut of one, however, appears upon the
title-page, and a much enlarged figure of the same coin is
stamped upon the back of the original binding of the
volume.
An example of the variety of the gold penny of
Henry III, reading LVNDGC on the reverse, is given in the
autotype Plate (VII. 238) of Grueber's Handbook of the
Coins of Great Britain and Ireland in the British Museum,
issued in 1899.
Such are the principal notices that have been published
of the coins now under consideration ; but before proceed-
ing to cite the various contemporary records of their
issue and the allusions to them in ancient chronicles, it
will be well to describe in some detail the four varieties
of the gold penny of Henry III that are at present
known.
1. Obv.—\i ffNRICC' RSX- I-ri- Bearded king, crowned
and in his robes, seated facing on a throne,
holding in his right hand a sceptre ending in a
fleur-de-lis-like ornament, and in his left hand
an orb surmounted by a cross. The throne has
a plain vertical arm on either side, and a shorter
plain leg. The edges of the seat are beaded,
a line of annulets runs along the back of the
throne, and the floor below is diapered ; the feet
of the king extend to the edge of the coin. There
is a beaded circle around the whole.
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 221
Rev.—WM* L6CM ONI> VND : within two beaded circles,
and between the limbs of a voided cross extend-
ing nearly to the outer circle, and having a pellet
in the centre ; in each angle of the cross an ex-
panded rose between three small pellets.
N. British Museum. 451 grs. [PI. XI. No. 1.]
This coin is at present unique. Its pedigree is as
follows: — It belonged to Samuel of Lincoln; was acquired
by Mr. Hodsol in 1762 ; subsequently entered the Tyssen
collection ; was bought by Mr. Roberts at the Tyssen
sale in 1802, and was acquired with the Roberts collection
by the Museum in 1810.
2. Obv.—Yi ffREia' EGCX: III': King seated, as on No. 1.
The vertical arms of the throne are beaded in-
stead of being plain, as are also the legs. In
other respects the type is almost identical.
Rfv.—Wll* LetM ONI/TE) VND : As No. 1 but not from
the same die.
N. J. E. 44£grs. [PI. XL No. 2.]
This coin is also at present unique. It has suffered by
being perforated, though the hole has been skilfully
plugged. It was formerly in the Cuff collection (dis-
persed in 1854), thence passed into that of Mr. Wigan,
and is now in my own cabinet.
3. Obv.—li HNEICT E€CX-I-IT Bearded king seated as
on Nos. 1 and 2. The arms and legs of the
throne more distinctly formed of pellets.
Rev.— WILL ffM : 0 NLV ND6C : As No. 1.
N. British Museum. 45i grs. [PI. XL
No. 3.]
Col. Leslie Ellis, 45i grs. ; J. E. 45f grs.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. G G
222 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
All three coins are apparently from the same dies. The
Museum specimen originally belonged to Mr. Solly, then
passed into the possession of Mr. Tyssen, from whose
executors it was purchased in 1802. Col. Leslie Ellis's
coin is in fine condition, and was found in recent times in
Italy, probably on its Eastern side. Mine, purchased in
Rome, is unfortunately rather worn.
4. Obv.—ti etNKKT EGCX : I-I-I' : Bearded king, seated as
on No. 1 ; the end of the sceptre more dis-
tinctly in the form of a fleur-de-lis, the arms and
legs of the throne formed of pellets.
7ta,._WILL ffM : 0 NLYR. DffN -I- As No. 1.
JT. J. G. Murdoch, Esq. 45J grs. [PI.
XI. No. 4.]
There is but one specimen known of this coin. This
was bought privately by Mr. Martin from Mr. Trattle ; at
his sale it was bought by Capt. Murchison, from whose
collection it passed into that of the Rev. E. J. Shepherd,
at the sale of whose coins it was bought by the late
Mr. Montagu. From his collection it was acquired by
Mr. John Gf. Murdoch, who has kindly allowed me to
figure it.
It is impossible to determine the order in which these
four varieties were struck; but not improbably that
in which I have placed them is correct. They were all
issued by the same money er, Willem, who also coined long-
cross silver pennies, reading on the obverse tyeCNJICCVS
E€CX : III, and on the reverse WIL L6CM (NL VN3. The
king's head on these pennies is bearded and the hair on
either side of the forehead is represented by two crescents,
each enclosing a pellet. A sceptre ending in a fleur-de-lis
is in his right hand.
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF EKGILAND. 223
It is to be observed that the Lombardic R is used on
the obverse of No. 2, instead of the Roman N. The
Lombardic R also appears on the reverse of No. 4, and it
is a curious fact that the Lombardic U is employed instead
of Y on some of the long-cross silver pennies of Henry III.
Both n and II are employed on the Great Seal of Henry
III of 1259. The H in ^HNEICC on No. 3 is also noteworthy,
as is the L with a branched end on Nos. 1 and 2.
With regard to the types : that of the king seated (the
sovereign type) had already been in use for his pennies
by Edward the Confessor ; but in that case the king was
looking to the right instead of being full-faced. The
full-faced sovereign seated was destined to reappear on
the florin of Edward III and on the first English " sove-
reign " struck in 1489 under Henry VII. The reverse type
is merely a modification of that of the long-cross
pennies first struck under Henry III, the three large
pellets in the angles of the cross being replaced by an
expanded rose between three small pellets. The voided
cross was no doubt intended to assist as a guide in cut-
ting the coins into halves and quarters, a practice which
would be even more necessary with the gold than it was
with the silver pennies.
It has usually been thought that the first actual portrait
of an English king that appeared upon his coins was that
of Henry VII. I am, however, inclined to claim the
carefully executed head upon these coins as intended to
be a real portrait. Anyone comparing the face on the
coin with that of Henry III on his monument in West-
minster Abbey, as given by Stothard,1 in his Monumental
Effigies of Great Britain, will at once see the similarity
in, the broad forehead, the long side-locks, the beard, and
1 Ed. 1817, PL I., opposite p. 30.
224 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
the general expression. The beard is longer and there
are moustaches on the monument, but allowance must be
made for the interval of fifteen or sixteen years between
the two portraits. Mr. Andrew will, I believe, carry
back portraiture on English coins at all events to the
time of Henry I.
The weight of the gold penny was, as we shall presently
see, fixed at twice that of the silver penny.
All four varieties are of extreme rarity.
In treating of the historical allusions to the history of
these coins, I can hardly do better than commence with an
extract from Leake's Historical Account of English Money?
published in 1745 : " We are told from the Manuscript
Chronicle 3 of the City of London, that this King
(Henry III), in 1258, coin'd a Penny of pure Gold, of
the Weight of two Sterlings, and commanded it should
go for twenty Shillings ; but this is such a singular
Assertion, and so contrary to Experience, that it requires
to be corroborated by other Proofs, before it can be
admitted to any Degree of Probability."
The required tangible proofs were not long afterwards
forthcoming, and the Manuscript Chronicle has now been
printed by the Camden Society under the careful editor-
ship of Mr. Thomas Stapleton.4 The passage in question
appears under the year 1257, towards the end of the
41st year of Henry III, and is quoted in the description
of the supplemental plates to Folkes's English Coins. The
Latin text is given below.5
2 P. 72.
3 Tindal's Rapin, 1732, Notes, fol. 347 ; Maitland's History
of London, 1739, p. 53.
4 De antiquix legibus liber. " Cronica Maiorum et Vice-
comitum Londoniarum," &c.
5 " Hoc anno creavit Hex monetam auream denar', (quaere
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 225
The chronicle, however, goes on to record that in the same
year (1257), on the Sunday6 after the Feast of All Saints,
the King having summoned the mayor and citizens of
London to the Exchequer, demanded their opinion, and
adjured them by the fealty they owed him that they
should certify him according to their consciences, whether
the aforesaid coin would be useful for the common con-
venience of his kingdom or not : who, after counsel and
conversation among themselves, came before the King
and said, " That through that coin great damage might
arise to his kingdom, and especially to the poor therein,
the chattels of most of whom were not worth a gold
penny." And they farther said that through this coin
gold would become much cheaper, since this money would
denarium or denariorum) ponderis duorum sterlingorum, de
auro purissimo, et voluit ut ille aureus curreret in pretio viginti
sterlingorum." — Op. cit., p. 29.
6 " Hoc anno die Dominica proximo (sic) post festum Omnium
Sanctorum, venientibus Maiore et Civibus Londoniarum coram
Domino Rege per preceptum suum, ad Scaccarium, posuit illos
ad rationem, conjurans eos in fide, qua tenenturei, ut certificas-
&ent ipsum secundum conscientiam eorum, si predicta moneta
foret utilis ad commune commodum regni sui, an non. Qui,
habito consilio et colloquio inter se, venerunt coram Rege
dicentes, * Quod per illam monetam posset magnum dampnum
pervenire regno suo et maxime pauperibus regni sui, quorum
plurimorum catalla non valent unum aureum. Et insuper
dixerunt quod aurum per hanc monetam multum vilius habe-
retur, cum in tot manus ilia moneta dispersa fuisset ; quod
nunc patet, quia aurum de folio, quod semper solebat valere
decem marcas, nunc non valet nisi novem marcas vel octo.'
Unde, multis rationibus ostensis quod ilia moneta non fuit
utilis, dixit Dominus Rex ' Volo quod ista moneta currat,
denarius pro viginti steiiingis, ita quod nullus cogatur ad ilium
capiendum, et qui ilium ceperit, possit ilium excaml>iare, ubi
voluerit, sine occasione, et, si voluerit, veniat ad excambium
nostrum et habebit pro quolibet aureo decem et novem denarios
et oboluin.' "—Op. cit., pp. 29, 30.
226 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
be dispersed into so many hands ; which, indeed, was now-
obvious, because gold-leaf, which always used to be worth
ten marks, was now not worth more than nine, or even
eight. Whence, after many reasons had been shown why
that coin was not useful, our lord the King said, " I will
that that money shall be current, the penny for twenty
sterlings, but so that no one shall be compelled to take it,
and whoever has taken it shall be able to exchange it
where he will, without loss, and if he likes, let him come
to our exchange, and he shall have for each gold coin
nineteen pence half-penny/'
The corroboration of the chronicler by the discovery of
the coins themselves induced antiquaries to make farther
researches, and Mr. Holmes found among the records in
the Tower, in the Close Rolls of the 41st year of Henry III,
a precept direct'ed to the mayor and sheriffs of the city
of London to the following effect :7 " As to gold money it
is commanded to the mayor and sheriffs of London that
they shall proclaim within the aforesaid city that the gold
money of the King, which the King had had made,
should for the future be current in the city aforesaid, as
elsewhere in the realm of England, both for buying and
selling, viz., each penny for twenty sterling pennies, and
that the silver money of the King should in like manner
7 Rot. Glaus., Ao., 41, Rs. Hen. Ill, M. 3. " De moneta aurea
mandatum est Majori et Vicecomitibus London', quod clamari
faciant in civitate predicta, quod moneta Regis aurea, quam Rex
fieri fecit, de cetero currat in civitate predicta, quam alibi per
regnum Anglie tarn ad empciones quam ad vendiciones faci-
endas, viz. quilibet denarius pro XX denariis Sterlingorum
et quod moneta Regis argentea currat similiter sicut currere
consuevit. Teste Rege apud Cestriam XVIto die Augusti.
Per Consilium Regis." — Folkes, p. 208 ; Snelling, Gold
Coins, ii.
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 227
be current as accustomed — dated at Chester on the 16th
day of August. By the King's Council/'
It will be observed that this precept is dated the 16th
August, 1257, and that the meeting of the King with the
mayor and citizens did not take place until the Sunday
after the Feast of All Saints, or the 4th of November in
that same year. It is probable, therefore, that some
general feeling of discontent with the new coins led to
the summoning of the city magnates to discuss the ques-
tion of their utility with the King.
John Capgrave, in his Chronicle of England, from
some unknown cause antedates the issue of the gold
penny of Henry III by eleven years. He says,8 " In the
XXX zere of his regne he let make a new money of gold,
whech we clepe now a ferthing of gold : than they cleped
it a peny of gold ; for this was the cry thorw the land,
that no man refuse a peny of gold, but take it in stede of
XXd." Of course, inasmuch as in Capgrave's time, circa
1430, the noble was current for six shillings and eight
pence, the "ferthing" would be twenty pence, the
nominal original value of the gold penny.
In his book of the Illustrious Henries, Capgrave is
nearer the mark. Between A.D. 1253 and 1257 he says,9
about this time a new gold coin was struck by the King's
command, and proclamation was made throughout the
cities of England that no one should dare to refuse a gold
penny in exchange for twenty pence.
From the small number of coins that have survived,
and from the evident difficulty that there was in getting
8 The Chronicle of England, by John Capgrave, ed. 1858,
p. 155.
9 Hingeston's translation, Rolls Series, 1858, p. 94.
228
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
them universally accepted as money, as well as from the
fact that no other moneyer's name than that of Willem
appears upon any of them, it seems extremely probable
that their coinage and issue were of very short duration.
At the same time it does not appear that they were
withdrawn from circulation. Snelling10 was able to collect
and publish several interesting records relating to the
new gold coins at dates subsequent to their first issue in
1257. The first of these, dated November, 1259, mentions
seventy-two gold pennies of the new coinage which are to
be placed in the Treasury.
The second document is a " Liberate " addressed to
the Barons of the Exchequer, authorising them to pay to
William Fitz Richard, the keeper of the Exchange in
London, the sum of forty shillings for twenty pennies of
the new Gold Money which he had bought by the King's
order. This is dated October 25th, 1265. The third,
dated in 1267, directs the repayment of sixty shillings
paid for thirty gold pennies of the new coin. The fourth
is as late as 1270, and mentions two shillings paid for
one gold penny.
From these notices the inference has been drawn that,
within seven or eight years of their issue, the current
value of the coin was raised from twenty pence to twenty-
four. Indeed, Kenyon ll says that this was effected by
proclamation in 1265. I am not, however, aware of the
existence of any such proclamation, and it is worthy of
notice that the gold pennies bought for the King, and
referred to in these documents, were paid into the Ward-
robe, and used by the King as offerings on St. Edward's
day and other feast days. It seems, therefore, not im-
10 Introduction, pp. ii. and iii. u P. 15.
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 229
probable — as was the case with James I and his Bezant12 —
that he took a pride in offering in the church gold coins
of his own striking, and was, therefore, willing to buy
them up at somewhat above the current value. Possibly
the ecclesiastics who received them had them melted
down.
Edward III, of whose florins I shall shortly have to
speak, inherited the same desire for gold coins with
which to make his offerings in church. In the Issue Roll
of Michaelmas in the first year of Edward III (1327) is
the following passage13 : " To Robert de Wodehous, Keeper
of the Wardrobe aforesaid, for the price of eight score
and fourteen florins of Florence, the price of each florin
as purchased 39 Jd., delivered to the same keeper by the
hands of John de Houton his clerk, for one pound and
one mark of gold, for the offerings of our lord the King
to be made on the day of his Coronation, and a pound
contains 104 florins and a mark 70 ; by the King's com-
mand under his privy seal which he used before he
undertook the rule of his Kingdom, which is here among
the briefs and mandates of this first year — £28 12s. 9d."
To return to the gold penny, Pegge, in a letter to the
12 Num. Chron., 3rd ser., vol. xvi., p. 254.
13 ** Roberto de Wodehous Custodi Garderobe supradicte, in
precio viij xx xiiij Florenorum de Florencia, precio cujuslibet
floreni prout emebantur xxxix d. ob. liberatorum eidem custodi
per manus Joharmis de Houton clerici sui pro una libra et una
marca auri, pro oblationibus domini Regis die Coronacionis sue
faciendis, et con. .tet libra ciiij florenos et marca Ixx : per man-
datum Regis de privato sigillo suo quo utebatur ante regni
sui regiminis suscepcionem, quod est hie inter brevia et
mandata de hoc anno primo — xxviij li. xij.s. ix.d." For this
extended transcript I am indebted to Sir H. Maxwell Lyte. A
somewhat erroneous translation of the passage is given in the
Issues of the Exchequer, by Frederick Devon (1837, p. 139) and
repeated in Notes and Queries, 1st S. Vol. I (1849), p. 119.
VOL. XX. THIRD SEKIES. H H
230 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Gentleman9 s Magazine for 1756,14 calls attention to a bond
or instrument between two Jews, dated in Henry's 46th
year, 1261-62, in which mention is made of a Jaku of gold
which he supposes to be the penny. He states that among the
Jews Jaku meant "refined/' and that they used the words
denarius and Jaku like penny and sterling. It seems likely
that Pegge's views are founded on the word p1p*> which
he would probably transliterate Jakuk, having occurred in
an abbreviated form. The word in the full form is derived
from PPJ, and seems to mean " refined," but it is con-
stantly used in Jewish " Shetaroth " 15 of the thirteenth
century in the abbreviated form ipt to designate a mark
of thirteen shillings and four pence.
After 1270 we hear no more of the gold penny, and
though Edward I rehabilitated the silver coinage, he
made no attempt to reintroduce a gold currency, neither
did Edward II. It was left for Edward III to undertake
the task, and it was not until the seventeenth year of
his reign, in 1343, after an interval of upwards of eighty
years since the gold coinage of Henry III, that he did so.
The delay seems to have been due to the manner in which
that coinage was received in London. Already some
years before its issue in 1257, gold coins had been
struck in several foreign countries. The Augustalis of
Frederick II is mentioned in a document of 1232,16 and
the issue of florins at Florence dates from the year 1252.17
In France, Louis IX had also introduced a gold coinage
at about the same time. Edward III himself seems to
have had a Florin, with the fleur-de-lis, struck for Aqui-
14 P. 465.
15 Hebrew Deeds of English Jews before 1290. 1888, pp. 131,
190, 272, &c.
0 Engel and Serrure, Num. du Moyen Age, vol. ii., p. 814.
17 Keary, Num. Chron., 3rd ser., vol. vi. (1886), p. 87.
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND.
231
taine before 1337, and the Ecu or Chaise probably from
1337 to 1344. I take the dates from a letter of Mr.
Lionel M. Hewlett.
Gold coins, therefore, formed an important element in
the foreign transactions of the English merchants, and in a
Parliamentary enquiry held in 1343 upon the condition of
the currency they had to be taken into full consideration.
The history is related at some length by Ruding,18 so
that it would be superfluous to reproduce it here. The
deliberations resulted in a recommendation that, if the
Flemings were willing, one kind of gold money should be
made in England and in Flanders, which should be cur-
rent in both those countries, and that the use of » all other
money of gold should be prohibited and the coins should
be treated as bullion.
It does not appear that any special arrangement was
made with the Flemings, but strangely enough Grafton
in his Chronicle, under the date of November, 1337, states
that Edward was made vicar-general and lieutenant to the
Emperor, with power to coin money of gold and silver.
He adds that he kept his winter at the castle of Louvain
and caused great sums of money, both of gold and silver,
to be coined at Antwerp. Froissart makes the same state-
ment, but at present the coinage has not been identified.
The discrepancy among different chroniclers with
regard to the date of the first issue of gold coins by
Edward III in England is most remarkable. Euding19
has already written, " It is extraordinary that the date
of a circumstance so strikingly impressive as the issuing
of a gold coinage must have been, should be involved in
any uncertainty : our old chroniclers, however, vary
18 Ann. of the Coinage, vol. i., p. 215.
19 Op. cit.,vol. i., p.' 217, note.
232 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
materially from the truth in their accounts. Caxton
says that in his 14th year, King Edward commanded
his coin of gold to be made forthwith the best that might
be, that is for to say, the floreyne that was called the
noble, price of six shillings eight pence of sterlings
(Sig. "W. 1) ; Fabian, that, in the same year, he changed
his coin, and made the noble and the half-noble of the
value of six shillings, eight pence, nine pence, or ten pence
(vol. ii., p. 207) ; Grafton, that in 1339 he caused a
new coin of gold to be coined, called the noble, of the value
of six shillings, eight pence, or nine pence, &c., and that, in
1343 he made a new coin of gold, and named it the floreyn,
that is to say the penny of the value of six shillings,
eight pence, &c., which coin was specially ordained for his
war in France ; for the gold thereof was not so fine as the
noble, which as before, in the 14th year of his reign, he
caused to be coined.
" Holinshed likewise speaks of the superior fineness of
the noble, which was coined in his 14th year, over the
florins of 1344, the value of which he fixes at six shillings
and eight pence (sub anno 1344).
" Stow makes the same mistake as to the value, but
fixes the coinage in the year 1342 (Annals, -p. 229, quoted
by Leake, p. 102)."
It is needless to remark that Edward III struck no
nobles before his eighteenth year.
The monk of St. Albans 20 is more accurate than most
of the chroniclers, but places the issue of the florins in
1343. His words are as follows : " Fabricatio florenorum.
Hoc anno apud turrim Londoniarum jussit rex florenos
fieri ; scilicet denarium, obolum et quadrantem."
20 Chronicnn Angliae, Rolls ed., 1874, p. 16.
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 233
Henry Knighton of Leicester,21 under A.D. 1344, says :
" Moneta auri oritur — Eodem tempore nobile et obolus et
ferthing de auro coepere florere in regno," but adds that
no one could be compelled to take gold for a larger amount
than twenty shillings. From what he says farther, it
would appear that the striking of nobles at York and at
other important cities had been in contemplation.
Fortunately, the Proclamation authorising the currency
of the Florin and its parts, and two indentures under
which they might be struck are still extant, and have for
three centuries at least been known by antiquaries to
be in existence. The Proclamation is dated the 27th
January, 1344 (or 1343 O.S.), and is to be found in E/ymer's
Foedera^ It has also been printed by Pinkerton.23 It
is in Norman French and to the following effect —
" The King to the Sheriffs of London, Greeting. As it
has been accorded and agreed by our prelates and other
great persons of our Kingdom of England, for the common
profit of us and of our people of the said kingdom that
three coins of gold be made in our Tower of London,
that is to say: —
" One coin of two Leopards, the piece current for six
shillings, which shall be of the weight of two small
florins of Florence of good weight ; and one coin of gold
of one Leopard, weighing the half of the other aforesaid
coin, the piece current for three shillings.
"And one coin of gold of a Helmet, weighing the
fourth part of the aforesaid first coin, the piece current for
eighteen pence.
" The which coins of gold ought to have course among
all manner of persons within the said realm of England.
21 Chronicon Henrici Knighton, Rolls ed., 1895, p. 30.
22 V., 403. 23 Essay on Medals, vol. ii., p. 437.
234 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
" We command that in the said city, and in the places
where you shall see that it ought to be done within your
bailiwick, you shall have proclaimed and published the
aforesaid things, and that every man of whatever con-
dition, private or stranger, shall receive the said coins of
gold in every manner of payment, and likewise that the
coins be refused of none under evident peril.
" And herein fail in no manner.
" Given at Westminster on the 27th day of January."
The indentures for coining the three denominations of
gold money set forth in the Proclamation are given by
Ruding. The first was with George Kirkyn and Lotte
Nicholyn of Florence, masters and workers, and Hugh de
Brandon and others, changers of the money, and is dated
1343; but it is doubtful, as Ruding observes, whether any
coinage of gold took place by virtue of this indenture.
It is, however, interesting to note that the masters and
workers of the mint were " of Florence," the original
home of the florin.
The second indenture, under which in all probability the
florin and its parts were actually struck, bears date 1344,
and is between the King and Walter Dunflower, then
master and worker ; and fifty florins were to be struck
from the pound Tower of gold. The so-called leopards of
the proclamation are in reality lions, leopard being the
French heraldic term for a lion passant guardant, such as
those in the royal arms of England.
When we bear in mind that, so far as we are aware,
nearly five hundred years elapsed between the time when
these florins were in circulation and the date when an actual
gold florin was seen by an antiquary, and further, that
during all this period the proclamation and indenture
relating to their striking and currency were extant, it is
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 235
not surprising that speculations as to the exact types of
the coins were not always well founded.
Ruding himself, who knew the half and the quarter
florin, thought that the florin probably presented an im-
pression allusive to the royal arms of England, which
originally consisted of two lions only, the third having
been added by Henry II. Like myself, he regarded the
" piece of two Leopards " as referring to the type and not
to the weight. The Leopard and the Helmet are identified
by the types.
Camden says that " the first gold that K. Edw. 3
coyned was in the yeare 1343, and the peeces were called
Florences, because Florentines were the coyners." 24 This
statement is repeated by Fleet wood 25 in 1745.
Leake,26 in his Historical Account of English Money t
published in 1745, was the first to give a figure of the
quarter florin. He describes it as having on one side a
helmet with lambrequins and the crest of the lion passant
guardant, as we see upon Edward's great seal, the field
being seme de lys.
Wise,27 in 1750, publishes the same coin, which then
belonged to Bryan Fairfax, and says that, owing to the
recalling of the gold coinage on August 20, 1344, neither
the florin nor the half was then known. Both his descrip-
tion and engraving of the coin are slightly inaccurate.
As Ruding relates, it was soon discovered that this money
was rated too high, that is, was overvalued in proportion
to the silver coins then current, and it was on that account
generally refused. For this reason it was ordered by a
proclamation, dated on the 9th of July in the same year,
24 Remaines, ed., 1614, p. 105.
!5 App. to Chronicon preciosum, p. 10.
26 Plates, 2nd ser., ii. 14, p. 104. * De nummis, &c., p. 233.
236 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
to be taken in payment only with the consent of those to
whom it might be offered. And by a subsequent procla-
mation on the 20th of August immediately following, it
was declared to be no longer current without the consent
of the receiver, but was to be considered as bullion, and
taken according to its value as such.
The issue of nobles with a new type, of greater weight,
and current for six shillings and eightpence, the third of
a pound, instead of for six shillings only, was authorised
in the autumn of the same year. The coinage of the
florin and its parts lasted, therefore, only for a few
months, and it is not to be wondered at that they are
rare.
Of the florins at the present time two only are known,
the same number of half-florins, and of quarter-florins
three, but not one of these seven coins is the exact dupli-
cate of another.
It will now be desirable to describe the different
varieties of the coins.
FLORINS.
1. Obv.—KDV/'R o D o 6E7T o EffX o 7Y R 6 L o S o FETCHd o
DRS o tylB. The king beardless, crowned and
robed, seated facing under a Gothic canopy of
one central and two side arches, holding in his
right hand a sceptre with a floriated finial, and
in his left an orb surmounted by a cross pattee
on a stem ; on either side of the throne is a
leopard or lion facing : the field is semee of
fleurs-de-lis, eleven in number. The legend is
between two beaded circles, and on each side of
the canopy is a foliation of three arches, at the
junction of the two upper of which is a cusp.
The throne and the feet of the king cut through
the inner circle.
PU>V.—*&* II?GC * TETinsiGms * PGCE * mecDivm * IL-
L.OEVm * IB7YT between two beaded circles.
In the centre a tressure of four semicircular
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 237
curves, consisting of an outer plain line and an
inner one beaded, the cusps foliated, containing
a short cross with quatrefoiled and foliated ends,
and a quatrefoil in the centre upon a beaded
cross voided. In each curve of the tressure is a
crown, and outside each angle a lion passant
guardant.
Jf. British Museum. 106 grs. [PL XI.
No. 5.] Kenyon, PI. I. 1.
2. Obv.— 6CDWE' o D' o GE7V o E6CX TO 6 L' 3 FETmCCo
DRS o tylB o . King seated as on No. 1, but
more fleurs-de-lis, twenty-three in the field, one
of them between the king's right arm and his
body.
Eev.— As No. 1.
N. J. E. 107 grs. [PL XI. No. 6.]
Both these coins were found by boys grubbing in the
bed of the Tyne at Newcastle about the year 1857, when
No. 1 was purchased for the British Museum. No. 2
came into the possession of Mr. William Forster, of
Carlisle, at the sale of whose coins in 1868 I purchased it.
HALF FLORINS.
A crowned lion or leopard sejant
guardant to the left, his tail passing between his
hind legs and turned behind him ; attached to
his neck is a banner, which flows back over his
shoulder, bearing the arms of France ancient and
England quarterly. The legend is between two
beaded circles.
Rev.—i*°0 Dominec g nee g in g FVEOEG; s TVO §
7CE6V7YS g ffiGC. A tressure of four curves with
lions in the exterior angles, containing a cross
nearly the same as that on the florin, but with
three trefoils at the end of each limb instead of
the crown and foliation.
N. British Museum. 54 grs. [PL XI.
No. 7.] Kenyon; PI. I. 2.. .... ... .-,,.
VOL. XX THIRD SERIES. I t
238 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
This coin appears to have come to light in 1800. On
August 30th of that year Mr. Thomas Sharp, a well-
known antiquary of Coventry, addressed a letter to the
Gentleman's Magazine?* announcing that he had had the
singularly good fortune to acquire a gold coin which he
recognised as the half-florin of Edward III. A good
engraving of the piece accompanies his letter. In his
obituary notice in 1841 29 it is stated that the coin was
then in the British Museum. It would appear that Mr.
Sharp parted with it to Mr. Roberts, as it was bought for
the Museum with the Roberts collection in 18JO. It is
engraved in Ruding, Suppl., part ii., PL III. 6, and in
Kenyon, Plate I. 2 B.
2. Obv.—As No. 1.
Rev.— * Dominec g nee g in g FVEOEGC g TVO g
7VE6V7VS 8 flia. As No. 2.
N. J.E. 53J grs. [PL XL No. 8.]
This specimen was purchased by Mr. Wigan at
Brumell's sale in 1850, and came into my cabinet in
1872. Its principal difference from No. 1 consists in its
having no annulets at the sides of the initial cross of the
legend on the reverse.
QUARTER FLORINS.
1. 06t>.— GtDWE'gE'g 7U76L'8 5 8 FETmd' 8 D'8 IjIB'. A
lion guardant crowned, with tail extended, stand-
ing to the left on a cap of maintenance sur-
mounting a helmet with mantling attached ; the
field semee of fleurs-de-lis, ten in number. There
is a beaded circle outside the legend, and a faint
plain inner circle on which some of the fleurs-de-
lis encroach.
28 G. M., 1800, vol. ii., p. 945. M G. M., 1841, vol. ii., p. 437.
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 239
7?,t,.-_°,j,° eCXT^LTTVBITVEgingGLOEm A short cross
potent upon a beaded cross voided, with foliated
ends, a quatrefoil in the centre.
JT. British Museum. 27 grs. [PL XI.
Ko. 9.] Kenyon, PI. 1.8.
This specimen originally belonged to Bryan Fairfax,
and at his sale in 1751 was acquired by Martin Folkes,
and after his death passed in 1756 into the possession of
Mr. Harnott. After passing through the hands of the
Rev. J. W. Martin, it eventually came into the collection
of Captain Murchison, at whose sale in 1864 it was pur-
chased by the Trustees of the Museum.
2. Obv.— °eO)WB,'°K'°7™oL'o H °FK7Tna'oD°f}IB'.
As No. 1, but the mantling plain and not cut
into lambrequins.
jR<?i?.--+ ° aXTYLTTYBITTVRginsGLOEITV. As No. 1.
N. J. E. 26-A- grs. [PL XL No. 10.]
Like the half-florin, this was Mr. Brurneirs, and was
purchased at his sale by Mr. Wigan, coming into my
collection in 1872.
3. Obv. — As No. 2, but the head of the lion farther from the
edge.
Rev.— As No. 1.
Hunter Collection, Glasgow. 27 grs.
Ruding,30 Suppl., pt. ii., PI. III. 5 (slightly in-
accurate).
So far as the legends on the obverses of all these coins
are concerned, it is well to note that they offer the first
examples of the title of King of France being claimed on
io Mr. G. Macdonald informs me that the engraving is not
absolutely correct, the annulets between the words on the
reverse being omitted, and those on the obverse represented as
pellets.
240 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
his coins by an English monarch, though that title
appears on King Edward's great seal some few years
earlier. "With regard to the types, it may be observed
that for many centuries it was the usual custom to repre-
sent a king on his seal, and occasionally on his coins, as
seated in state u^)on his throne. The gold penny of
Henry III and the silver penny of Edward the Confessor
afford examples. In the case of the florin, Edward is
seated beneath a Gothic canopy in the same manner as
he appears on what is called his sixth great seal,31 which
was in use from 1340 to 1372. Moreover, at his feet nre
two lions sejant guardant, with their tails recurved over
their backs, in much the same posture as the " leopard "
on the half-florin, while the helmet, cap of maintenance,
mantling and crest of the horseman on the reverse of the
seal are almost identical with the device of the quarter-
florin No. 2, though turned to the right instead of the
left. The housings of the horse are charged with the royal
arms in the same manner as the mantle or banner of the
" leopard " on the half-florin. The seal is reproduced on
Plate X., as it is so remarkably illustrative of the coins.
The throne was probably arranged in accordance with
the description given of that of Solomon,32 with " stays
on each side of the sitting place and two lions standing
by the stays." It must, however, be confessed that on
the florin the two leopards occupy a most subordinate
place, and that no artist called upon to produce a design
for " a coin of two leopards " would have hit upon the
obverse type of the florin. Still it in some manner fulfils
the requirements of the proclamation.
31 B. M. Cat. of Seals, i., 186, PI. II. 3. Allan Wyon, Great
Seals of England, No. 61, PI. X. 1.
32 2 Chron. ix. v. 18.
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 241
It must be confessed that there is great similarity
between both the obverse and reverse of the florins and
those of the French coins of Philip VI de Valois of France
of much the same period. The reverse is almost identical
with that of the ange d'or of Philip, but has lions in the
spandrels of the quatrefoil instead of crowns. It is also
much like that of the Ecu of Edward III.
The face of the King seems to be a portrait; at all
events it resembles in a remarkable degree the face upon
the Great Seal.
The type of the half-florin is both artistic and effective,
and is worthy of the most flourishing period of Gothic
art. The manner in which the device is made to occupy
the whole of the field is admirable. The type never re-
appeared in the English series ; and that of the Leopard,
subsequently struck for Edward's French dominions, was
a lion statant.
There is, however, a Wardrobe counter of Edward III
on the obverse of which this type appears. It is pub-
lished from a specimen found in France, and a figure
given of it in Rouyer and Hucher's Histoire du Jeton au
Hoy en Age.^ The description of it is as follows : —
(Obv.) + — L6C — OP — 7VRD — SV6C. (Leopard Sue}-
Leopard haletant et accroupi, la tete ceinte d'une
couronne a trois neurons, et le col entoure d'une
banniere flottante au seme de France ecartele
d'Angleterre. Au centre du flaon un point pro-
fondement grave en creux.
(Rev.) + — CTRDa — EOB6C — E6C6IS. Croix a triple
nervure, fleuronnee, evidee au centre et aux ex-
33 1858, p. 173, PI. XVI. 139; Medallic Illustrations, vol. i.,
p. 8; yum. Chron., 3rd ser., vol. xv., 1895, p. 168.
242
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
tremites en rosaces a quatre lobes. A Tavers et
au revers les mots sont separes et meme coupe's
par de petites couronnes ouvertes.
Ce jeton a toutes les apparences d'un pied-fort. Son
epaisseur est de 2 millimetres largement mesures
et son poids est de 10 grammes 75 centigrammes
(= 166 grs.).
The cross on the reverse is not precisely that of any
one of the florin series, but resembles that on the half-
florin with foliations like those on the quarter-florin,
There are two saltires between the words as on the
reverse of the florin, and not annulets. The crowns in
the legend are the same as those on the florin at the ends
of the cross. The annexed wood-cut is taken from
a cast of an original counter in the Cabinet des medaiUes at
Paris, kindly procured for me by Mr. Francis Whelan.
Wardrobe Counter of Edward III. — M.
The legend " Leopard sue " — I am the Leopard — might
almost be a repetition of words that fell from the mouth
of Edward III or of the Black Prince.
It is not surprising to find the following lines in the
epitaph of Edward III in Westminster Abbey34 : —
" Tertius Edwardus regni complens Jubileum,
Invictus. pardus, bellis pollens Machabeum."
34 Sandford's Geneal. History, p. 175.
Ehytkmici de H. Vto- 1858, p. 72.
See also Versus
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 243
Which have been thus translated by Sandford —
" The III. Edward : the Death of whom may rue
All English Men, for he by Knighthood due,
Was libarde invict, and by Feat Martial,
To worthy Macabe in Vertue, peregal."
Even in the days of Henry V, Richard II receives the
title of Leopardus —
" Inde sepultura Regis translata Ricardi,
Solemni cura per Regem fit Leopardi."
The type of the helmet on the quarter- florin thoroughly
fulfils the requirements of the proclamation. Its resem-
blance to the king's head-gear in the equestrian represen-
tation of him on the reverse of his great seal has already
been mentioned ; but the fact that it is almost identical
in character with the helmet, cap, and crest of the Black
Prince still preserved on his monument in Canterbury
Cathedral 35 is more striking still. The slight variation in
the mantling on Nos. 9 and 10 shows how far from servile
and monotonous copying was the art of die-sinking in the
middle of the fourteenth century.
Although the type does not seem to have been repeated
on any mediaeval coins. English or foreign, the device on
the " lion " shillings and sixpences of George IV may be
regarded as a direct descendant from it, though 'to my
mind " the old is better."
Mr. Allan Wyon,36 in speaking of the Third Great Seal
of Presence of Edward III, which was in use from the 21st
February to the 20th June, 1340, observes : " This seal
is remarkable as being the first in which an English
king used the title of ' Rex Franciae,' and in which the
arms of France are quartered with those of England. It
is also the first seal in which the lion statant guardant
35 Vetusta Monumenta, vol. vii., PL VII.
38 The Great Seal* of England, 1887, p. 32.
244 NUMTSMAT1C CHRONICLE.
with extended tail, appears as the Royal crest of England,
and it is also the first which has a diapered field."
These remarks are almost equally applicable to the
florin coinage, for the field seme of fleurs-de-lis may be
regarded as the equivalent of a field diapered with
lozenges each containing a fleur-de-lis. Taken altogether
the types of this coinage testify to a new departure in
medallic art, and it would be difficult to point out an
exactly parallel case in the English or any other series,
though the French and other Continental gold coins of
the period are in many cases of equally delicate work-
manship.
The legends on the reverses of the three coins now
demand a few words, especially as they in their turn
afford the earliest instances of the adoption of scriptural
texts upon English coins ; the groats with POSVI
DEYM ADIVTOREM MEVM not having been struck
until 1351.
The legend on the reverse of the florin is precisely the
same as that on its successor the noble, and on several
other denominations of English gold coins, and has
formed a subject for discussion from the days of Camden
until the present time. Among the most recent enuncia-
tions upon it, I may cite those of the Rev. John Baron,
D.D., F.S.A.,37 to which our attention was called by Mr.
Warwick Wroth 38 a few years ago, and of the late
regretted Mr. A. E. Packe 39 in his excellent paper on" The
Types and Legends of the Mediaeval and later Coins of
England."
The text on the florin is based upon the Gospel of St.
37 Archaologia, vol. xlvii., 1882, p. 140.
38 Num. Chron., 3rd ser., vol. ii., 1882, p. 298.
39 Num. Chron., 3rd ser., vol. xii., 1892, p. 257.
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 245
Luke, chap, iv., v. 30, which in the Vulgate reads " Ipse
autem transiens per medium illorum ibat." The first
word is changed into Jesus in its abbreviated form If]CC —
in which the d seems to be a survival of the Greek C
and the second word is omitted, though in most of the
later coins bearing this legend, it is re-introduced.
As to the meaning of the text when placed upon a
coin there has been no little controversy. Although *°
Camden's account of the matter is so well known, I ven-
ture here to repeat a summary of it. His story is that
the " faire and fine gold " of the florin and noble " was
as our Alchimists do affirme (as an unwritten verity)
made by proiection or multiplication Alchimicall of Ray-
mond Lully in the Tower of London, who wold proue it
as Alchmically beside the tradition of the Rabies in that
faculty, by the inscription/' on the reverse. " Which they
profoundly expound, as lesus passed invisible & in most
secret manner by the middest of Pharises, so that gold
was made by invisible and secret arte amidst the ignorant.
But other say that text was the only Amulet used in that
credulous warfaring age to escape daungers in battailes."
There is a third view that the text bears some reference
to the battle of Sluys in 1340.
With regard to the alchemical view, the late Sir A.
Wollaston Franks 4l has been cited as affirming that this
text, " Jesus autem, &c.," is certainly found in treatises of
alchemy, and Mr. Packe 42 says that the alchemical mean-
ing of the famous Jesus transiens, fyc., is surely fairly estab-
lished now, after the papers by Dr. Baron and Mr. Wroth.
w Remaines concerning Britaine, ed. 1614, p. 206.
41 ArchaoL, vol. xlvii., p. 142.
12 Op. cit., p. 259.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. K K
246 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Granting, however, that the text was used by the alche-
mists, it by no means follows that they produced any of
the gold from which the florins and nobles were struck,
and nothing is more improbable than that their secret
charm should be placed as a motto on the public currency.
The passages cited from Ashmole,43 though giving an
account of the relations that subsisted between Edward III
and Lully when he was brought over to England, bring
us no nearer to the production of any gold for either
florins or nobles. Lully,44 indeed, died more than twenty
years before Edward coined any gold.
On the whole it seems to me, that though we may accept
as a fact that alchemists may have made occasional use of
the text under discussion, its connection with even an
imaginary production of the gold for these coins is in the
highest degree problematical. The occurrence of the text
on finger rings and on the front of a druggist's shop at
Toledo, points more in the direction of its being regarded
as being in the nature of a charm or an amulet than as
bearing on alchemy.
I need hardly say that I do not agree with Mr. Packe45
in his remark, " I am glad that we have got rid of Sir
John Maundeville as an authority for any other interpre-
tation " than the alchemical. On the contrary I hold that
the text was in the fourteenth century frequently used as
a charm against thieves or when in peril, though whether
it was placed on the coins in consequence of its virtue as
an amulet is extremely doubtful. The often-quoted
passage from Sir John Maundeville's Travels seems to
afford sufficient evidence as to its use as a charm. He
43 Theatrum chcmicum Britannicum, pp. 442, 467.
44 Ending, vol. i., p. 220, note 2.
Num. f'hron., 3rd ser., vol. xii., p. 259.
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 247
says,46 " And an half Myle fro Nazarethe is the Lepe of
oure Lord : for the Jewes ladden him upon an highe
Roche ; for to make him lepe doun, and have slayn him :
but Jesu passed amonges hem, and lepte upon another
Roche ; and zit ben the Steppes of his Feet sene in the
Roche, where he allyghte. And therfore seyn men, whan
thei dreden hem of Thefes, on ony Weye, or of Enemyes ;
Jesus autem transiens per medium illom ibat ; that is to
seyne, Jesus forsothe passynge be the myddes of hem, he
wente ; in tokene and mynde, that oure Lord passed
thorghe out of the Jewes Crueltee, and scaped safly fro
hem ; so surely mo we men passen the perile of Thefes."
Maundeville left England in 1322 and did not return until
1356, so that in all probability this passage was written
without any acquaintance with the fact that the text
quoted was inscribed on either English florins or nobles.
It may be that the fact that it was used as a charm led
to its quotation by King Edward III on a notable occa-
sion in the manner recorded by a little-known chronicler,
cited, as already mentioned, by the Rev. Dr. Baron in his
account of a hoard of gold nobles found at Bremeridge
Farm, near Westbury, Wilts. The chronicle of the Abbey
of Meaux, in Yorkshire, written by Thomas de Burton,47
who was elected Abbot in 1396, gives an account of the
great naval victory of the English over the French which
was gained off Sluys, near Flushing, in Holland, on the
24th of June, 1330.
In describing the battle, de Burton says that at first
the French ships were chained together lest they should
46 The Voiage and Travaile of Sir John Maundeville, Kt., ed.
1839, p. 113.
47 Chronica Monasterii de Melsd, Rolls ed., 1868, vol. iii.,
p. 45.
248 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
possibly be separated the one from the other. But before
the first onslaught, as King Edward and his fleet feigned
to flee, they broke the chains and pursued him in a dis-
orderly manner. Which when Edward saw, he marshalled
his ships in order and, passing through the. midst of them,
obtained the victory as already related. On which account
King Edward himself caused the impression of his gold
money to be changed. Therefore on his noble, which is
worth half a mark, he ordained that there should be
impressed, on the one side, a ship having in it the King
armed, and around it the King's name written, and on the
other side a cross with this circumscription : " Jesus
autem transiens per medium illorum ibat." The Latin
text is given below.48
The chronicler does not seem to have been aware of
the existence of such coins as the florin and its parts, and
certainly without the ship on the obverse, the connection
between the legend on the reverse and the victory of
Sluys is by no means apparent. Ii seems to me doubtful
whether the type of the King on his throne, with the
two leopards in so subordinate a position, was the
design originally contemplated for the coin of two
leopards, and possibly some design, more clearly indica-
48 "Ipsae autem naves Francorum prius catenatae erant, ne
ab invicem possent separari. Sed ante primum congressum,
Edwardo rege cum sua classe fugam simulante, catenas suas
rumpebant et regem Edwardum inordinate sequebantur. Quod
videns Edwardus rex, ordine disposito per medium ipsorum
transibat, et de illis victoriam ut praedicitur adeptus est. Qua-
propter ipse rex Edwardus impressionem monetae suae aureae
fecerat commutari. Unde in suo nobili, dimidiam marcam
valente, ex una ejus parte navem cum rege armato in eo con-
tento, regis nomine circumscripto, et ex altera ejus parte
crucem imprimi constituens, hanc circumscriptionem adhibuit
Jesus autem transiens per medium illorum ibat."
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 249
tive of the victory over France, may at first have been in
view.
Mr. Packe 49 was of opinion that " on the noble the
legend suggested the type, instead of the type the
legend." Anyhow, the type and legends of the noble
justify the old rhymes.50
" For foure things our noble sheweth to me,
King, ship, and sword and power of the sea."
The origin and intention of the legend on the reverse of
the half-florin, " Domine ne in furore tuo arguas me/' are
not at once obvious, but I think that Mr. Packe' s in-
genious suggestion on the subject is well worthy of con-
sideration. The type of the obverse of this piece, the
real equivalent of the Continental florin, is a leopard. It
is indeed the coin of one leopard. Now there is a passage
in Hosea which Mr. Packe thinks shows the train of
thought pursued in connecting the legend of the reverse
with the type of the obverse. " In that passage (chap,
xiii. v. 7, 11) we read in the Vulgate : ' Ero eis sicut
pardus in via Assyriorum. Dabo tibi regem in furore meo
et auferam in indignations mea.' ' God/ says the prophet,
' lies in wait for his rebellious people like a leopard in the
way. He gives them a king in his anger, and takes him
away in his wrath/ The legend on the coin is the
prayer of the king against such a calamity, freely ren-
dered into the very similar but more familiar text of the
penitential psalm/' Though Mr. Packe offers this expla-
nation, he confesses that he is not satisfied with it, and
says that he will be glad if some one can suggest a better.
So shall I.
With the interpretation of the legend on the helm or
49 Num. Chron., 3rd ser., vol. xii., p. 260.
50 Selden, Mare clausum, lib.ii., cap. xxv., quoted by Ruding.
250 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
quarter-florin, I agree with Mr. Packe there is less diffi-
culty. It may refer to the central cross, but more pro-
bably it is to be read in connection with the helmet and
crest on the obverse. Taken together with the context
in Psalm cxii. v. 9, it is singularly appropriate for a coin.
" He hath dispersed abroad and given to the poor ; and
his righteousness remaineth for ever, his horn shall be
exalted with honour." " Dispersit, dedit pauperibus,
justitia ejus manet in seculum seculi, cornu ejus exalta-
bitur in gloria/'
It remains to say a few words with regard to the gold
of which the florin and its parts were composed, the
extent of the coinage, and the reason why they were so
soon called in.
The gold was as nearly as practicable pure, being
twenty-three carats three grains and a-half fine gold, and
only half a grain alloy. In other words, the pure gold in
the coins was to the whole weight in the proportion of
191 to 192.
From the returns published in the English Historical
Review,51 founded upon the Pipe Rolls, it appears that from
the 24th January, 1344, to the 10th of July following
when the coinage of the noble was authorised, there were
coined in pounds Tower of 5,400 grains £2,129 18s. 8d.,
of the value, at the rate of £15 to the pound, of about
£32,000 in the currency of those days, for it will be
remembered that fifty florins of the value of six shillings
each were to be struck from the pound Tower of fine
gold.
When the first coinage of nobles took place later in the
same year, they were coined at the rate of £13 3s. 4d.
51 Vol. xii., p. 754.
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. 251
only to the pound Tower, but coins to the then value of
£21,500 were struck. In 1346 a lighter issue of nobles
took place, as they were coined at the rate of £14 to the
pound Tower. Of this kind, coins were struck to the
value of £132,700. In 1357 a second reduction took
place, and nobles were coined at the rate of £15 to the
pound Tower, the same rate as the old florins.
It is evident from these facts that about the middle of
the fourteenth century the relative values of gold and
silver were in a very fluctuating condition. In Henry Ill's
time an issue of gold at the rate of 10 to 1 had been tried,
and failed. In 1344 the rate of 15 to 1 was found too
high, and a sudden revulsion caused a coinage at the rate
of 13£ to 1 to be issued ; to be quickly followed by one
at 14 to 1, and in a few years by one of 15 to 1, which
for a long period remained unaltered.
The rarity of the early nobles and of the florin coinage
of Edward III is to be accounted for by this misapprehen-
sion of the relative values of gold and silver. The melting
value of the nobles was greater than their current value,
and they therefore disappeared. The florins were ap-
praised too high, and therefore could not get into cir-
culation, but were returned to the Treasury. The old
chronicler 52 was right who wrote, under 1343 or 1344 :
" Circa idem tempus ordinavit rex primo florenos aureos
pro moneta ad currendum in Anglia ; quod parum duravit,
quia parum prof ait."
JOHN EVANS.
62 Adami Murimuthensis Chron., E. H. S., cited in Arch.,
vol. xlvii., p. 142 ; 1846, p. 159.
XIV.
THE COINAGE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC.1
(See Plate XII.)
TWENTY years ago the country now known as the Trans-
vaal, or, to give it its official name, the South African
Republic, was hardly known beyond the small circle of
those whom politics or trade brought into direct contact
with it. It was almost exclusively inhabited by the Boers.
This word means " farmers," and is applied to the Dutch
rural population of South Africa in general, but in a
more special political sense to the Dutch of the Trans-
vaal and of the neighbouring Orange Free State. The
Boers occupy themselves mainly with pastoral and agri-
cultural pursuits, to which they add some hunting. At
that time the country had already existed a quarter of a
century, under its own rather patriarchal, and certainly
very primitive, form of government ; and the inhabitants
claimed complete national independence for it. The few
travellers, scientific and otherwise, who had, up to twenty-
five or thirty years ago, visited the Transvaal, had been
almost unanimous in their belief that the country was
rich in minerals, but practical mining engineers were of
opinion that the mines would prove difficult and expensive
1 This account of the Transvaal coinage was communicated
anonymously to the Society in 1894, but for obvious reasons it
was deemed expedient to postpone its publication.
THE COINAGE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC. 253
to work — ari opinion which is being realised more and
more every day, as we are becoming more familiar
with the condition of things.
However, small quantities of alluvial gold were found,
mostly in the eastern part of the Transvaal, in the district
of Lydenburg, where, during the Presidency of Mr. Bur-
gers, the mining camp of Pilgrims' Rest became established
as a mining community and got fairly under weigh.
Mr. Thomas Burgers, the then President of the Trans-
vaal, had, till a few years before 1874, been a clergyman
in Cape Colony ; and after his election he had endeavoured
to infuse a spirit of enlightenment amongst the rural
farmers, who had, till his election, been under the
simple but efficient guidance* of presidents from their own
ranks — men with chiefly religious and military training.
Now, however, Mr. Burgers thought that the production
of gold in the country afforded an opportunity to impress
the Yolksraad (their Parliament) with the importance of
its wealth and capabilities, by having some of it coined
into real metallic money — an article very much in demand
there at thafc time. He therefore persuaded the Yolks-
raad to allow him to have some of the rough gold of the
Transvaal coined into money. It must be admitted that
consideration for the country's economical condition was
not the only motive of the President, but his vanity was
nattered by the prospect of having his likeness on the
coins circulating amongst the people. In 1874, 256*275
ounces of rough alluvial gold were sent to Mr. J. J. Pratt,
the then Consul-General in London for the Transvaal,
from whom Messrs. Johnson, Matthey and Co. received
it and in turn forwarded it to Messrs. Ralph Heaton
and Sons, at Birmingham, to be coined into money. This
last firm coined 215 "03 ounces of it into money of. .the
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. L L
254 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
value of eight hundred and thirty-seven pounds (£837),
leaving 40'3 ounces or £157 uncoined, which was sent
back to Mr. Pratt. The coin thus struck was called the
" State's Pound/' and at the next session of the Volksraad
President Burgers handed, with much ceremony, a speci-
men to each of the members [PI. XII. 1], The balance
found its way to various favoured creditors of the govern-
ment. The recipients of these coins, however, did not
put them into circulation, but hoarded them with great
tenacity (and do so still) as curios ; a thing easy enough,
as, soon after, British coin became sufficiently plentiful for
all purposes. They are real curios, for when the account
was examined it was found that each pound cost 26s.
to produce. At present it is very difficult to obtain
one of these coins. The price last heard of was £25
offered and refused ! There is yet another Transvaal
coinage, which, though of a later date, is much scarcer
— because it was searched for with a view to its being put
out of circulation on account of a mistake in the device —
and its history is even more curious than that of the
coinage of Mr. Burgers.
When people found that it cost 26s. to coin a pound
worth 20s. — and the coins of Mr. Burgers were current
for 20s., being equal in weight and proportion of pure
gold and alloy to British sovereigns — there was no very
great desire to repeat the experiment. The country
continued to yield gold, with an occasional interruption,
but not on anything like the present scale. Yet the aspira-
tion after a national mint only slumbered but was not
quite dead. So when, in 1886, and the next couple of
years, the gold mines near Barberton — the cradle of the
mining industry in the Transvaal — began to yield their
thousands of ounces of gold per month — now eclipsed
THE COINAGE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC. 255
by the tens of thousands from the Rand — this aspiration
revived. It is not to be wondered at that a people,
living so isolated and having had nothing to do with
matters affecting coinage and similar conditions, should
hold very crude notions in regard to them. For instance
a then leading newspaper seriously advocated the necessity
of making the Transvaal coinage of higher caratage —
that is, to hold a higher proportion of gold to alloy — than
the British sovereign ; lest the enemies of the country
should melt down the Transvaal golden coins and so
make money scarce — a calamity very much dreaded all
over South Africa.
All that time the discoveries of gold reefs had attracted
a strong inrush of immigrants into the Transvaal. The
newcomers were from various parts of the world, but most
of them were more anglicised or held enlightened views,
and good advice came from them. They explained that
respectable governments which, nowadays, coin bullion
for circulation within their territories, purify and coin
the bullion gratis for such as bring it for that purpose ;
that a mint is therefore an expensive affair, more especi-
ally for a small and poor country ; and was quite un-
necessary for the Transvaal, because all the coin it wanted
came ready coined into it. For a time it appeared as if
these more moderate counsels would prevail. But with
the speculative spirit engendered by gold-mining, specu-
lation entered into every form of life ; and there was
soon no want of persons ready and willing, even eagerly
competing, for the questionable honour of cultivating
the national vanity — for it must be owned that native
South Africans are vain.
President Burgers was no more, and in his place there
was and is now a new President, Mr. Kruger — a man,
256 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
like the earlier Presidents, from the ranks of the people.
He, too, could not resist the flattering prospect of having
his likeness on the coins of — he likes it to be called — his
realm. So it was decided to have a mint. The difficulty
of making it pay was overcome by granting a concession,
or rather a monopoly with very strong privileges, for a
national or government bank. The profits to be made or
expected to be made, were to be applied to defray the
cost of the minting — so it would seem at first sight ; but
the National Bank belongs to shareholders under limited
liability, and the Government itself is a large shareholder ;
but of this later on. At any rate the Transvaal Mint is
carried on by the National Bank of the South African
Republic, according to Law 14 of 1891, published and
being in operation from 2nd September, 1891. It was
very easy to start the National Bank, which did not wait
long to begin operations after its capital was subscribed
and paid up ; but it was not so easy to begin the Mint. It
was not till 1893 that they could begin to coin a consider-
able quantity of imported silver and a very small quantity
of gold. At the present low bullion price of silver it pays
to coin it ; whilst the bar gold from the batteries, but more
especially from the cyanide works near Johannisburg in
the Transvaal, requires much skilled labour and elaborate
chemical processes to refine it. Both are expensive in the
Transvaal. Gold obtained from the cyanide works often
contains zinc, which is used to precipitate it from its
cyanide solution, but which injures the quality and de-
creases the purity of the gold.
President Kruger, whose term of office expired in May,
1893, did not like to wait till the Transvaal Mint was in
working order. He wanted to make sure that his likeness
appeared on the national coins, as there were unmistake-
THE COINAGE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC. 257
able signs that this time his re-election was not quite so
sure or easy as the previous time ; and if he were not re-
elected someone-else's likeness would appear on the coins.
Some gold was therefore dispatched in 1892 to Europe to
be coined. This time, however, it was not sent to England,
although there were no complaints about the preceding
transaction with Messrs. Ralph Heaton and Sons. There
were then, and still are, different people at the helm of
affairs in the Transvaal, whose sympathies are not with
England. The gold, in this instance, was sent to Germany
(Berlin) for coinage according to instructions. In carry-
ing out these instructions a mistake was made in Germany,
which gave a lot of trouble to President Kruger and his
friends, and is still a sore remembrance to the former.
The coins were to have on one side Mr. Kruger's likeness,
and this was rendered well enough. On the reverse they
were to have the coat-of-arins of the Transvaal. Now if
a clear Transvaal postage stamp, with strong colouring,
is examined, it will be seen that the central figure in it is
a van -like waggon, with a single pole or single shaft in
front, called the " Disselboom," as if two horses were
intended to pull it, one on each side of the pole. It was
here that the German die-sinker made a mistake. For,
instead of the single pole, he had depicted two poles or a
double shaft, as if one horse was intended to be harnessed
between the two poles or double shaft [see PL XII. 2, 4].
The coins issued with this mistake were the Pound and
Half Pound in gold, and Five Shillings in Silver.
It is not known what the cost per £ was for coining
this money ; but as soon as it had arrived from Germany,
and began to circulate amongst the people, there arose,
amongst the plain-minded folks, who form the bulk of
the electors, a wave of indignation ; for the coins were
258 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
critically examined, and it was not long before the blunder
in the arms was discovered. Preparations were in pro-
gress for the election of a President, and on that account
alone feeling ran quite high enough already amongst the
electors. But the insult to their coat-of-arms, to them-
selves, as they considered it, was the climax. And that
had been done by their President, who now sought his
re-election from them ! " We will show him what we
think of him ! " was the general cry. " Why can he
have his own insignificant features so correctly reproduced
on our coins, whilst the only thing belonging to us that
can come on them — our coat-of-arms — must be insulted
by putting that ' street thing ' of Germany on it ? It is
not our own bullock-waggon, which our fathers prized,
and honoured as we still do. We never had a waggon
like that amongst us. Away with it and Kruger ! " Such
were in substance the feelings of the Boers, when these
coins made their appearance amongst them. For people
at a distance, and not acquainted with the peculiar idio-
syncracies of a population a couple of centuries behind us,
it is not easy to enter fully into or sympathise with
opinions such as these. But President Kruger being one
of the people himself, could fully understand and appre-
ciate this outburst, especially as his own amour propre was
touched by the circumstance that the engraver of the
coin dies, Otto Schufa, had put his initials 0. S. on the
truncation of the bust, and those letters in Dutch signify
an " ox," a term which the populace in their anger soon
applied to their President. Mr. Kruger knew also that
the feeling of the people jeopardized his re-election, and
he and his adherents at once took steps to nullify if
possible, or otherwise to minimise, the effect of the blunder.
Luckily for him economy had been studied ; a large
THE COINAGE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC. 259
amount of bullion had not been sent off for coinage, and
all the coins had not been issued yet. So such of them as
were not yet issued were consigned to the melting pot,
arid- every effort was made, by those who would stand or
fall with his re-election or non-election, to recover as
many coins as possible. In this they succeeded well
enough, and all such went to the melting pot. The
poorer people had become frightened at the outcry made
against the Kruger pounds, and were glad enough to
accept a British equivalent for them. Only the richer
people, who could afford to lay by a pound or so as
curios, did not part with them ; and it is from this class
of people that an occasional one of these remarkable coins
is likely to be obtainable, if at all. What price would
have to be paid for one of them it is difficult to say, nor is
this the place for discussing such a matter.
But to return to the Transvaal coinage itself : — The
golden coins are of one pound sterling and a half-pound
sterling. The former is to weigh 7-98805 grammes, the
latter 3*99402 grammes, the deviation allowed either way
being 0*01296 gramme or 0*2 grain, and 0*00648 gramme
or 0*1 grain respectively. A coin of a pound sterling is
to contain 7*3244 grammes pure gold, and a half-pound
3*6622 grammes. In the gold coins a deviation in
the fineness or quantity of pure gold is allowed of 0*002
(two-thousandths) either way. If the weight of a Trans-
vaal pound is compared with the amount of pure gold
the coin is to contain, as given above, it will be seen that
it contains more gold than j-g-ths, or 22 carats. In other
words, the Transvaal pound is to contain more gold
than the British sovereign ; which means, again, that if
you bring your gold to the Transvaal Mint to be coined
for you into pounds, you must put something like six-
260 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
penceworth of gold more into your pound than you
would have to do at the British Mint. That is one loss of
say, 6d. In addition, they charge for minting at a rate
not higher than 3 per centum, whilst at the British Mint
they do everything gratis. That is another loss of 6d. or
7d., or, together with the 6d. more in gold already men-
tioned, a total loss of say, one shilling per pound. It
can easily be understood that people are not likely to rush
with their gold to a mint like this. Nor does the mint
desire it apparently, as any gold less than 22 carat fine
can be refused by them ; or, when they have plenty of
work, they can postpone minting even such gold, and
stop minting altogether, either for the Government or
private persons, when they (the mint) are of opinion that
the issue of golden coin in the Republic (that is, the
Transvaal) is excessive. The Government may (the law
does not say that it must) order a test of the coins issued
by the mint, whenever they (the Government) shall think
fit to do so. So that there is practically no guarantee
that they shall not exceed the deviation in fineness,
against or to the loss of anyone bringing gold to mint.
If golden coins have, by legitimate circulation, decreased
in value to more than 0'005, they are to be withdrawn
from circulation ; but it is entirely left to the decision of
the mint whether a golden coin is legitimately deterior-
ated or not. If not so depreciated, the client has to wait
till the mint can apportion the correct value, which will
be then paid out to him.
As to silver coins : — A 5s. piece is to weigh 28*2759
grammes ; other silver coins in proportion. Their fine-
ness is to be |-J fine silver and T3^ alloy. The deviation
in fineness is an allowance of 0*11781 gramme either way
for a 5s. piece ; and to other coins in proportion down to
ii Is. piece. For silver coins of lower value than a Is,,
THE COINAGE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC. 261
it is, for a 6d. piece, 0'02 gramme, for a 3d. piece, 0-003
parts. The deviation allowed for all silver coins is 0-003
parts.
Bronze coins are to be struck of the following weights :
— A penny of 9*44984 grammes and a halfpenny of
5-66990 grammes.2 They are to be made of copper, tin,
and zinc ; but the proportion of these metals is not dis-
closed. Perhaps they can make some profit out of them,
as they do out of silver coining.
The law provides that the mint is to be carried on by
the National Bank of the South African Republic. This
remarkable institution thus appears to have the control of
the mint. In the Transvaal, however, everything con-
nected with matters like this is in such a nebulous
condition, that one had better not be quite sure of any-
thing. The mint itself has, as yet, not been much before
the public ; but the National Bank, having made some
bad investments, has passed many a bad half-hour in the
Yolksraad and with the local press, in explaining, or
trying to explain, its status, its accounts, and more
especially its auditing. This bank has a large note circu-
lation, for, owing to its privileges, its notes with the like-
ness of the re-elected President Kruger are legal tender,
whilst those of other perfectly solvent banks are not.
Of this it makes good use. In the neighbouring states and
colonies the public accept Transvaal coins, but the Courts
have ruled them out, so that they are not legal tender there.
[En. — Since 1892 the mint at Pretoria has been in
active operation, as is shown by the following table, which
was supplied by H.M. Colonial Office to the British
Museum ; but at present the amount coined in each metal
year by year has not been stated : —
2 The halfpenny was not issued.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. M M
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THE COINAGE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC. 263
From this table it will be seen that the only coins minted
at Berlin, where the mistake in the arms was made, were
the pound, half-pound, and crown ; and also that the
blunder was detected so quickly as to allow another issue
of the corrected type being made in the same year at
Pretoria, which from that date became the sole mint of
the Republic. Crowns are of one year only, viz., 1892.
In 1898 the coinage had almost ceased, and the only de-
nominations issued were the pound and the penny ; and in
1899 there was no coinage but a few specimens of the
pound of the previous year (only 102 in all) were im-
pressed with the figures " 99." [See PI. XII. 3.] In the
present year pounds only have been struck, and by a
recent order the Transvaal coinage is being recalled at its
face value. It is therefore probable that within a few
months all the late coinage will have passed out of circu-
lation. In consequence this has been considered a
favourable opportunity to place on record the above
account.]
MISCELLANEA.
AN UNPUBLISHED SILVER COIN OF VERICA. — The small coin of
which the following is an illustration with a description, makes
another addition to the numerous and interesting series of the
money of the British chief, Verica.
Obv. — Laureate head to right ; before \ERIC.
Eev. — A torque, within which the letters OF. (Commii
Filius); around, border of dots.
M. -3. Wt. 3-4 grs.
This small but interesting coin was found near Challow, in
Berks, and is now in the possession of Mr. J. N. Barnes, of
Lambourne. The reverse type is quite new, and the obverse
bears a head differing entirely from any others which occur on
the hitherto published coins of Verica. A glance at the illus-
tration of the coins of Verica given by Sir John Evans in his
Coins of the Ancient Britons shows us that this chief often
adopted the types of Roman coins for his money. Thus we have
the galloping horseman, the shield which is found on Repub-
lican as well as on coins of Augustus, the double cornucopiae, a
type of Marc Antony, the Capricorn, the symbol of Augustus,
and several others.
The representation of a torque is, however, a new type for
Verica ; but a precisely similar ornament is found on the Repub-
lican coins of L. Manlius Torquatus, who, as quaestor, struck
his money about B.C. 98. In this case, however, it forms an
adjunct to the head of Roma, which it encircles. The torque,
however, was not an uncommon ornament on British coins, and
as it was also one of daily use, we need not go so far back as a
century B.C. to seek a reason for its finding a place as a type of
the above coin. The head on the obverse appears to be almost
MISCELLANEA.
265
an absolute copy of a coin of Tiberius. The likeness to that
emperor is so strong that failing the inscription pne might have,
at first sight, claimed the piece for Tiberius and not for Verica.
This last point may offer some clue to the date of this chief.
As he copied the coins of Marc Antony and Augustus, he must
have lived contemporary or subsequent to the latter. This
representation of the head of Tiberius brings us down to a later
date, and is in favour of Akerman's view (Num. Chron., xi.
p. 155), that the Verica of the coins is the same individual as
the Bericus of Dion Cassius (Hist. Rom., lib. Ix. 956), who,
being a fugitive on account of sedition, instigated Claudius to
send the expedition to Britain under Aulus Plautius in A.D. 43.
Sir John Evans (Anc. Brit. Coins, p. 171), however, from the
evidence of finds, is of opinion that the coins of Verica are
decidedly more ancient than those of Cunobeline, who, as it
appears from Dion Cassius, died before the expedition of
Claudius. The smallness of the coin and its light weight offer
nothing new, as pieces of this denomination are not at all un-
common in the reign of Verica. On this point Sir John Evans
remarks that, " looking at the size of the coins, which shows
that very small denominations of money must have been
requisite for the purposes of trade, and that there must, in con-
sequence, have been a considerable degree of civilisation in the
part of the country where such a currency existed, I think
that most of these pieces must be assigned to the latter portion
of the reign of Verica."
H. A. GRUEBEK.
SOME UNPUBLISHED VARIETIES OF SAXON COINS. — In looking
through my Saxon coins recently I found that the following
present some points of interest, as they differ, more or less,
from any given either in Ruding, Hawkins, Hildebrand, the
British Museum Catalogue, or the Montagu Collection.
Stycae.
EANRED.
1. Obv. — flCE3flNA3:+ around a cross,
Eev. — TVXTflVEH- around five dots in form of a cross.
Probably this moneyer's name is a blundered form of EAR-
DVLF. The three crosses on this coin are somewhat peculiar,
being intermediate between a cross pattee and a cross-crosslet.
266 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
AETHELRED II.
2. Obv.— 8351 Jia3+ Centre indistinct.
Rev. — KNEOW*+ around a cross pommee.
A variety of the well-known MONNE.
Pennies.
BURGRED.
3. Obv.— BVEGEED EEX~. Bust r., diademed.
Rev, — VVLFEED MONET7V in three lines; upper and
lower portions enclosed in unbroken lunettes.
B. M. Cat., type A.
Possibly a new moneyer. There is, however, in the British
Museum Collection a coin (No. 893) of the same type, reading
VVLFEED, which is attributed to VVLFEAED, so that it may
be a question whether WLFEED is a distinct moneyer or not.
AELFRED.
4. Obv. — +7TELBEED EEX. Bust r., diademed.
jRet;.— EDELMVN) MOraTTV in three lines, upper and
lower portions enclosed in unbroken lunettes.
B. M. Cat, type I.
The name EDELMVND appears in the British Museum
Catalogue as one of Aelfred's moneyers, but there is no speci-
men in that collection, nor was there one in the Montagu
Cabinet. It seems therefore desirable to place this coin on
record, especially as neither Ruding nor Hawkins give any such
name in their lists.
EADRED.
5. Obv. — EADEED EE+0 around a small cross pattee.
Rev.— EEIZTINHE0 in two lines divided by three
crosses, triangle of dots above and below.
B. M. Cat., type I.
I think this is the first coin of Eadred which has been pub-
lished of the York mint.
MISCELLANEA. 267
6. Obv. — +EADEED EE+ around a small cross pattee.
Revt — VVILSIG H_0 in two lines, divided by a cross
between two annulets ; rosette of dots above and
below.
B. M. Cat., type I.
The name VYILSIC appears on the coins both of Eadwig
and Eadgar, but is new so far as Eadred is concerned.
EADGAE.
7. Obv. — +EADCAEEI around a small cross pattee.
Eev. — VVEEZTATtf in two lines, divided by a cross
between two annulets ; rosette of dots above and
below.
B. M. Cat., type I., var. d.
This coin is the converse of No. 6, WEESTAN being well
known as one of Eadred's moneyers, but not hitherto recorded
for Eadgar.
8. Obv. — EADEAE EEX ; in field, M. Small cross pattee,
legend between two circles.
Rev.— ELFEEDES MON in two lines, divided by three
crosses ; rosette of dots above and below.
B. M. Cat., type I., var. c.
The only coins of this moneyer in the British Museum Col-
lection belong to type var. d, and lack the M in the field on the
obverse, which, though not uncommon in var. c, does not seem
to occur in the other classes. This coin therefore forms a link
between vars. c and d.
AETHELBED II.
9. Obv.— -+^EDELE^ED EEX MSDLOK Bust to left,
diademed ; in front, sceptre.
Rev.— +^EDELPERD M~0 PELT. Short cross voided,
CEV+ in the angles.
B. M. Cat., type III., var. a.
268 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
This well-known moneyer is recorded by Hildebrand as
striking this type at Hertford and Sudbury, the British Museum
has one struck in London, and Wallingford can now be added
to the list.
CNUT.
10. Obv.— +ENVT EEX ANGLO. Bust to left, crowned,
within nearly circular quatrefoil.
Bey.— +FEEDP • INB 0 LVN. On a quatrefoil, the
angles much arched, long cross voided, each limb
terminating in three crescents.
B. M. Cat., type VIII.
Hildebrand (Nos. 2343—2352) gives FEEDI as a London
moneyer of Cnut, and the British Museum Catalogue gives
FEEDI, suggesting that perhaps the full reading of the name
may have been FEEDIE. There can, I think, now be no
doubt that it was the same name as that of the moneyer
FEEDPINE, who worked at Steyning. I have seen three
coins like the above, and all appear to have come from the
same dies.
HARTHACNUT.
11. Obv.— +HAEDEN/T. Bust to left, diademed. In front,
sceptre held in left hand. Inscription divided
by bust.
7?^.— +PVLFPINE ON HVN. Over short cross voided,
a quadrilateral ornament with pellet at each
angle.
B. M. Cat., type II.
Lot 108 in the Montagu Sale, second part, was a similar
coin reading PVLFPI ON HVNTA, leaving it in doubt whether
the full name should be PYLFPIE or PVLFPINE.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.
12. Obv.— +EDP:ED EEX. Bust to left, diademed; in
front, sceptre.
fi^.— +LEOFEED ON LYNX Short cross voided, the
limbs gradually expanding, and united at the base
by two circles.
B. M. Cat., type V.
MISCELLANEA. 269
This coin is peculiar in having a pellet on the end of each
limb of the cross. I do not think that this variety of the type
has been previously noted, but in the British Museum there is
one (No. 934), CODPINE ON LVND, which has four pellets
in the same position ; and another (No. 941), LIFINEE ONN
LVNDEN, which has a pellet on each of two opposite limbs.
At present I have not been able to find any others.
13. Qbv. — EADPAKD REX ANGLO. King seated on throne,
holding orb and sceptre.
#^.— +PVLFRIE ON HSTE. Short cross voided, a
martlet in each angle.
B. M. Cat., type IX.
In the British Museum are coins of this type struck by the
same moneyer at Chichester, Lincoln, London, Shaftesbury,
and Steyning, to which Hildebrand adds Ilchester, and the
above coin Hastings.
HAROLD II.
14. Obv.— +HAROLD REXAN. Bust to left, crowned.
In front, sceptre.
ON DEO. Across field and between
two lines, P7TX.
B. M. Cat., type I.
A new moneyer, perhaps the name should have read DVNINE.
In the above list, Nos. 8, 9, and 13 are particularly interest-
ing just now in connection with the suggestion lately made by
Mr. W. J. Andrew, that the different types are really successive
issues, intended to supersede those already in circulation ; and
I cannot but think that a good deal of light would be thrown
upon this point if our collections could be arranged first in
types, and then in mints and moneyers, so as to enable us to
work out the subject on the same lines adopted by Fir John
Evans in his paper on " The Short-cross Question," in 1867.
W. C. BOYD.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. N N
NOTICES OF RECENT PUBLICATIONS.
Money. By A. R. S. Kennedy. (From Hastings' Dictionary
of the Bible, vol. iii., pp. 417 — 432. With two Plates. 8vo.)
Prof. Kennedy's contribution to the new Bible Dictionary is
of a merit so unusual in articles provided by English archaeo-
logical dictionaries, that it would be unfair to let it pass un-
noticed, merely because it has not appeared independently.
Although the writer is not a numismatist, his acquaintance with
Hebrew literature enables him to throw a great deal of light on
the vexed questions of Jewish numismatics ; and he' has evi-
dently made a most conscientious study of all the numismatic
literature bearing on his subject. No question of importance
relating to the currency of Palestine, both foreign and native,
coined and uncoined, from the earliest time to the Second
Revolt, is passed over ; and Mr. Kennedy exhibits a caution
which cannot be too highly commended in the conclusions to
which he comes. The well-known silver shekels which used
to be given to Simon the Hasmonaean he attributes, in accord-
ance with recent tendency, to the First Revolt. We hoped
that these shekels had now found a resting-place ; but M.
Theodore Reinach has quite recently (Rev. des Etudes Gr., xiii.,
p. 213) discarded the view which he formerly held, and before
long we may see him renovare proelium. Probably the part
of Mr. Kennedy's article which will be most consulted by the
average reader is the passage dealing with the coins circulating
in Palestine in the time of Christ. An interesting question is
suggested by the discussion of the kodrantes. There is no evi-
dence that the Roman quadrans was in circulation under the
Empire except for the brief period between the reigns of Nero
and Trajan. The references to this coin would seem to indi-
cate that the texts received their present form, or that the
phrases " two lepta which make a kodrantes " and " the utter-
most kodrantes" were inserted in the texts, during that period
Mr. Kennedy's statement that the legionary soldier received a
denarius a day is misleading. His pay was fixed by Caesar at
a sum amounting to 225 denarii a year, or £ denarius a day.
Only in terms of the old denarius of 10 asses could this be
called "a denarius a day."
The two plates which illustrate Mr. Kennedy's article are
only moderately good. Jewish coins are such poor works of
art that they require to be illustrated either by line-blocks or
by the very best collotype process.
NOTICES OF RECENT PUBLICATIONS. 271
It may be worth while to add that the article is so well and
clearly arranged that the reader need not be a numismatist or
a Hebrew scholar in order to derive benefit from it.
G. F. H.
The Token Money of the Bank of England, 1797 — 1816. By
Maberly Phillips, F.S.A. Effingham Wilson, Royal Exchange.
To the numismatist and economist it seems almost incredible
that, in spite of the care which had been exercised since the reign
of Elizabeth to preserve the standard of our coinage and to
provide a sufficiency for general use, it should have fallen into
such a disorganised condition during the second half of the last
century and the first few years of the present one. Ruding
tells us, that at the accession of George III the coinage was
found to be in a very imperfect state. Crown pieces had
almost wholly disappeared ; the half-crowns which remained
were defaced and impaired, and by no means adequate for the
purposes for which they were intended ; the shillings had lost
almost every mark of impression, and the sixpences were in a
worse state. The gold coinage, too, was rapidly approaching
a similar condition. This gloomy view seems to us perhaps
somewhat exaggerated ; but nevertheless there is ho doubt that
the coinage generally was getting into a bad state, and in spite
of this the Government took so few measures to ameliorate it,
that from 1760 to 1817 there was only one issue of what may
be called an official silver coinage. This occurred in 1787,
when shillings and sixpences to the amount only of about
seventy or eighty thousand pounds were struck. The copper
money fared but little better, and so gave rise to an enormous
issue of tradesmen's tokens throughout the country ; but some
attention was paid to the gold, which, however, suffered much
from clipping and sweating. Various enactments were made
forbidding the importation of debased coins and others of light
weight ; but the demand for a currency of some kind or other
was so great that no heed was paid to them. It was this con-
dition of things that gave rise to the issue of the token money
of the Bank of England, which is the main subject of Mr.
Phillips' work. Previous to the issue of these tokens the
Government made two fruitless attempts to remedy the dearth
of small change. The first was by allowing the Bank of Eng-
land to issue notes for £2 and JB1, and the country bankers
others of smaller amounts, 10s., 5s., and Is. ; but these pro-
visions did not remove the difficulty, as those who had change
would not part with it. The next move was the supply of
Spanish dollars, half, quarter, and eighth dollars, counter-
272 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
stamped with a small head of George III, the mark then used
by silversmiths. Much of this Spanish silver came from trea-
sure-ships captured by the English. The dollar at first was
made current for 4s. 6d., but as its bullion value was 4s. 8d.,
a number soon found their way into the melting-pot ; but this
was remedied by raising its current value to 4s. 9d. Then
the forger stepped in and made his counterfeits in base metal,
and in spite of the change of the counter-stamp, continued his
nefarious practice. It seems strange that no attempt was
made to melt down the Spanish coins and issue a proper official
coinage; it could not have been for want of good machinery
at the Mint, nor of capable artists to execute the dies. Instead
of this, the circulation of the Spanish coin was prohibited, and
permission was given to the Bank of England in 1804 to issue
dollars of the current value of 5s., and subsequently other pieces
of the value of 3s. and Is. 6d., and these for several years
formed the bulk of silver money in this country. The only
other silver in circulation consisted of very " thin and worn
coins which had escaped the melting-pot, and also foreign
coins, which were often so thin and effaced that it was impos-
sible to identify them." In order to give a certain value to
such pieces they were often stamped with the initials of private
firms, by which means a local circulation was secured. Mr.
Phillips tells us that it was under such conditions that on
May 21st, 1816, a committee appointed by the Government to
inquire into the state of the coin of the kingdom advocated a
new coinage of silver, and this advice, even at a great sacrifice,
was adopted, and the following year witnessed not only a
new issue of silver on the old standard and of former denomi-
nation, but also a reform of the gold money, the twenty-
shilling piece bein<* once more introduced, bearing the old name
of sovereign, and its half. With this new issue all the Bank
tokens and the much-worn silver soon disappeared from circu-
lation, and the coinage of this realm has since been so well
regulated that there has been no occasion to revive the token
money or again to resort to similar methods.
Besides the Bank token money, Mr. Phillips gives some
account of the private silver tokens struck during this period,
and of the use to which the Spanish dollar was put in the West
Indies, where it was pierced or cut up into parts. The author
has taken considerable pains to look into contemporary records,
both official and others, and with the help of these he has pro-
duced a very readable book, which otherwise might have been
a little technical. The illustrations are good and numerous,
and have the advantage of being introduced into the text.
H. G.
Num. Chrcm.Ser.rn Vol.XX.Pl VII.
PARTHIAN COINS.
Nunv. Ckro7v.$er. M. Vob.XX.Pl.V/ff.
7 /R
mr&A '
Isfj
9 /R
II /R
II /R
PARTHIAN COINS
Num>. ChronStr. /If. VoL.XX.Pl, IX'.
PARTHIAN COINS.
Chron.Ser.lff. Vol.YX.Pl.Xf
THE GREAT SEAL OF EDWARD III. 1340-1372.
( Actu,gd, size
Num,. C
THE FIRST GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND.
XV.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM
IN 1900.
(See Plates XIIL, XIV.)
IT will be seen from the table given below that the total
number of Greek coins acquired by the British Museum
during the year 1900 is 915. Most of these have been
obtained by purchase out of the ordinary Departmental
Grant, but some are presentations due to the kindness of
Sir John Evans, Mr. Barclay V. Head, Mr. A. J. Lawson,
Miss K. Radford, Mr. W. T. Ready, and the Society for the
Promotion of Hellenic Studies. As in my thirteen former
papers,1 1 give an account of some of the more noteworthy
specimens. Among the acquisitions of the year are
numerous Lydian coins, but I have not referred to them
here, because they will be included in the Museum Cata-
1 Important Greek acquisitions of the Department of Coins
and Medals from the year 1887 onwards will be found de-
scribed by me in the Numismatic Chronicle for 1888, p. 1 f. ;
1889, p. 249 f. ; 1890, p. 311 f. ; 1891, p. 116 f. ; 1892,
p. 1 f. ; 1893, p. 1 f. ; 1894, p. 1 f. ; 1895, p. 89 f. ; 1896,
p. 85 f. : 1897, p. 93 f. ; 1898, p. 97 f. ; 1899, p. 85 f. ; 1900,
p. 1 f. In preparing this paper I have had the advantage of
consulting the section on Greek coins written by Mr. Barclay
Head for the Parliamentary Report of the British Museum,
and I am also indebted for several valuable suggestions to
Mr. Head and Mr. G. F. Bill.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. O O
274
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
logue of Lydia, which Mr. Head is now seeing through
the press. Numerous Phrygian, Parthian, and Phoenician
coins — the last-named acquired at the Reichardt sale —
have also been omitted, as they will find their place in
volumes of the Greek Catalogue that will soon be taken
in hand.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED 1887 — 1900.
Year.
Gold and
Electrum.
Silver.
Bronze, &c.
Total.
1887
8
58
110
176
1888
10
217
228
455
1889
12
65
270
347
1890
5
102
70
177
1891
16
280
73
369
1892
10
99
348
457
1893
4
118
281
403
1894
31
164
453
648
1895
20
178
479
677
1896
54
428
170
652
1897
20
313
503
836
1898
3
222
699
924
1899
1
112
372
485
1900
1
310
604
915
Total . .
195
2,666
4,660
7,521
SYRACUSE (SICILY).
1. Obv. — Head of Persephone 1., wreathed with corn, and
wearing earring and necklace ; around, four dol-
phins ; in field, under chin, pellet ; border of
dots.
Rev. — Quadriga 1., driven by charioteer holding goad and
reins ; horses galloping ; above, Nike flying r.
to crown charioteer ; in exergue, [^]YPAKO-
^1 . . ; border of dots.
M. Size 1-05. Wt. 259-3 grs. [PI. XIII. 1.]
(Purchased at Sale at Sotheby's, May, 1900, " Greek
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 275
Coins of a late Collector," lot 154; previously
in Carfrae Sale, Sotheby's, May, 1894, lot 68.)
A very rare tetradrachm by Evaenetos, important on
account of its bearing the same types as his (unsigned)
dekadrachms, on several of which a pellet is placed beneath
the chin, as here (Brit. Mm. Cat., Sicily, " Syracuse/'
Nos. 179-184). The existence of this tetradrachm may
possibly suggest some modification of Mr. A. J. Evans's
view,2 that the mintage of tetradrachms at Syracuse
ceased about the time (circ. B.C. 406) when Evaenetos's
dekadrachms were first issued.
CARTHAGINIAN OF SICILY.
2. Obv. — Head of Persephone 1. wreathed with corn and
wearing earring and necklace ; around, four
dolphins ; in field 1., pellet ? ; border of dots.
Rev. — Horse walking r. ; in background, palm-tree ; cir-
cular incuse.
M. Size 1-05. Wt. 264-5 grs. [PI. XIII. 2.]
(Presented by Miss Kate Radford, in accordance with
the wish of the late Dr. Radford.)
CAPSA (MACEDONIA).
3. Obv. — Ass (ithyphallic) standing r. ; above, drinking-
vessel (obscure) ;3 border of dots.
Rev. — |t A occupying two of the four compartments of an
incuse square of mill-sail pattern.
Si. Size -55. Wt. 39 grs. [PI. XIII. 3.]
This town was not represented in the British Museum
when the catalogue Macedonia was published. A tetrobol
2 Syracusan Medallions (1892), pp. 150, 151.
3 Called by Von Sallet, a kantharos ; by Imhoof-Blumer, a
kylix.
276
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
(wt. 43*8 grs.) similar to that here described was acquired
by the British Museum in 1881, but its condition is not
so good. The resemblance of these coins in type, style,
and weight, to those of Mende in Pallene is obvious, and
Von Sallet (Z.f. N. xii., 1885, p. 358), describing the
specimen in the French collection, supposed it to have
been struck at Mende, while bearing the name of Kanas-
traion. But Kanastraion is known only as the name of a
promontory of Pallene, and Imhoof-Blumer's attribution4 to
Kampsa or Kapsa, a town in the Chalcidice, north of Mende,
is decidedly preferable, though hardly to be regarded as
beyond all doubt. The town is known only from a mention
in Herodotus (vii. 123), who speaks of Kampsa as existing at
the time of the expedition of Xerxes, and from a notice in
Stephanus Byz., who has : — Ka^a TroAfs-
y^wpas Kara naAA?/i^v, o/mopovaa TW Qep/j.aiuj Ko
6 TroAmys' Kcn^aTos.
The ass must be here, as at Mende, a Dionysiac type,
and the drinking vessel above it may be regarded at this
early period (circ. B.C. 480) as part of the main type
rather than as a magistrate's symbol. If the real name
of the town is Ka^a it may possibly be connected with
the word KCLTTTW (fut. KCL^IO), which means to greedily
gulp down liquids or eatables, and with KCI^IS, " the act of
gulping down."
POTIDAEA (MACEDONIA).
4. Obv. — fl O Poseidon Hippios on horse r., holding in
r. trident, in 1. reins.
Rev. — Quadripartite incuse square, containing two floral
(?) devices, \ and uncertain object.
M. Size -6. Wt. 37-3 grs. [PL XIII. 4.]
4 Monn. gr., pp. 69, 70 ; adopted by Head, H. N., p. 187.
GREEK. COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 277
A very rare variety of the tetrobols of Potidaea, which
usually have a female head on the reverse (Brit. Mm. Cat.
Macedonia, p. 100). It is, perhaps, similar to one pub-
lished by Borrell from his own collection (Num. Chron.,
iii., p. 139, No. 2 ; wt. 41 J grs.). The Museum coin is
somewhat worn, and carelessly struck, but it is certainly
the earliest of the tetrobols, and was issued, perhaps, circ.
B.C. 500.
ALEXANDER III (MACEDONIA).
B.C. 336—323.
5. Obv. — Head of beardless Herakles r. in lion's skin.
Eev. — A A EH AN APoY Eagle standing r. on club ;
head turned 1.
M. Size -6. Wt. 62-5 grs. [PI. XIII. 5.]
This scarce drachm of Alexander's first coinage is
similar to one in the French collection : see Imhoof-
Blumer, Monn. gr., p. 118, No. 23.
ALEXANDER III (MACEDONIA).
6. Obv. — Head of beardless Herakles r. in lion's skin ; border.
Eev. — AAEZANAPoY Zeus wearing himation seated
1. on throne with back ; in r. hand eagle ; 1. hand
on sceptre ; feet on foot-stool ; beneath throne,
A I ; in field 1., statue of naked Herakles stand-
ing towards r. ; his 1. arm rests on his club,
which is placed on rock ; the lion's skin hangs
from club ; his r. hand is placed behind his
back : border of dots.
M. Size 1-1. Wt. 262-4 grs. [PI. XIII. 6.]
(Purchased at Sale at Sotheby's, May, 1900, " Greek
Coins of a late Collector," lot 208.)
278 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
This tetradrachm is almost identical with the specimen
first published by the late Sir Edward Bunbury in Num.
Chron., 1883, p. 7 f.,5 but is struck from different dies.
It is of Miiller's Class iv. (B.C. 300-280), and is attributed
by Bunbury to Sicyon (cp. Miiller, No. 875).
The Herakles symbol, as Bunbury has already noted,
closely resembles the well-known Farnese Hercules in the
Naples Museum. This statue is a product of the Neo-
Attic school, and is signed by Glykon the Athenian, a
sculptor who probably flourished towards the end of the
first century B.C. The motive of the statue has been
usually traced to a Resting Herakles by Lysippus, but
for the general treatment, and especially for the exaggera-
tion of the muscular forms, Glycon, and not Lysippus,
must be held responsible.6
ABDEBA (THRACE).
7. Obv.—/\ BA HPI TEn/V Griffin with rounded
wing seated 1. ; right fore-paw raised ; border of
dots.
Rev. — Quadripartite square, around which, EPI/VYM-
4>OAJQPO ; the whole in shallow incuse
square.
M. Size 1-05. Wt. 227'2 grs. [PI. XIII. 7.]
Yon Sallet (Z.f. N., viii., 1881, p. 105), who published
a somewhat less perfect specimen of this tetradrachm in the
possession of M. Lambros, first suggested the identification
of the magistrate with Nymphodoros, a well-known citizen
5 Cp. Bunbury, Sale CataL, Part L, lot 766.
6 On the statue, see A. S. Murray, ii., pp. 350-352 ; Collig-
non, ii., p. 425 f. ; 634 ; Ernest Gardner, pp. 501-503 ; Bau-
meister, Denkmaler, s.v. " Glykon.?
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 279
of Abdera, who became the proxenos of the Athenians at
Abdera, and in B.C. 430 brought about for them an
alliance with Sitalkes the King of Thrace, who had married
his sister.7 This identification is extremely probable,
though Von Ballet's supposition that Nymphodoros was
" regent " of Abdera seems to go rather beyond the
evidence.
The father of Nymphodoros was named Pythes, and it
may be noted that a magistrate Pythes — EPI PYOEfl,
— is named on a coin of Abdera in the Berlin Museum
(Von Sallet, Beschreibung, i., p. 109, No. 89). As the
coin is decidedly later than the tetradrachm of Nympho-
doros, the Pythes mentioned cannot be the father of
Nymphodoros, though he may possibly be his son bearing
the grandfather's name. There seems, however, some
doubt as to the reading PYQE.Q, for in the index to the
Beschreibung , p. 346, the name is given as PYGEfl . .
i.e. two letters are supposed to be missing from the end
of the name.
A tetradrachm of Abdera, published by Greenwell from
his collection (Num. Chron., 1897, p. 273, No. I;8 pi.
xiii. 1), with the inscription EPIPY0I /V/VEfl, bears
much resemblance to the Nymphodoros tetradrachm. In
each case the town-name (which rarely appears on the
earlier coins of Abdera) is inscribed on the obverse.
ABDERA (THRACE).
8. Obv. — Griffin with rounded wing (feathers not indicated)
seated 1. ; right fore-paw raised.
Rev. — Lion's scalp within incuse square.
M. Size -5. Wt. 23-8 grs. [PI. XIII. 8.]
7 Hdtus., vii., 137; Thuc., ii., 29.
* In this description,./or seated r. read seated 1.
280 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
I may take this opportunity of remarking that the
usual (though not quite invariable) direction of the griffin
on the coins of Abdera is to the left, while on the coins of
Teos the monster is turned to the right. This distinction
was probably not due to an accident, but to a desire to
distinguish two similar coinages. A like distinction was
made in the case of the obverse types of the electrum
Hectae of Lesbos and Phocaea.9
APOLLONIA PONTICA (THRACE).
9. Obv. — Apollo, wearing himatkm over lower limbs, seated
1. on omphalos ; in r. hand bow resting on
ground ; 1. hand placed on omphalos ; counter-
mark, star of eight rays.
Rev. — OAAH^ Anchor inverted; in field 1., A; in
field r., crayfish; circular incuse.
IS* (brass, covered with black patina).
Size -7. [PI. XIII. 9.]
10. Obv.— <|>AVCTINA C6BACTH Bust of Faustina
jun. r.
Rev.— ATTOAAfl N I HTEHN Flaming altar con-
6NTTONT sisting of two
stages.
M. Size -8. [PI. XIII. 10.]
These coins were purchased from a dealer last year,
and are evidently the identical pieces published, from
impressions, by Svoronos in Journ. internat. ii., 1899, p.
85 (cp. Tacchella, Rev. Num., 1898, p. 212, No. 11).
Svoronos supplies the information that they were found
at Sozoupolis, the ancient Apollonia Pontica.10
9 Brit. MHK. Cat., JVoa.s, &c., p. Ixvii.
10 On the judicious transference of the autonomous coins of
Apollonia ad Rhyndacum in Mysia to Apollonia Pontica, see
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 281
The Apollo on the bronze coins of the type of No. 9
has been described by all previous writers as naked ; on
this specimen, at any rate, the himation is clearly seen.
The -presence of drapery, to some extent, differentiates
this type from the " Apollo on the omphalos " familiar on
the coins of the Seleucid Kings. A well-known colossal
statue of Apollo by Kalamis existed at Apollonia. Dr.
Pick (Jahrbuch Arch. Inst., xiii., 1898, p. 168) would
recognise a reproduction of this statue, not on coins of
the seated type, but on those with a standing Apollo.
The star countermark on the obverse of No. 9 may per-
haps have some connection with the star that appears so
often as a countermark on the coins of Panticapaeum ;
see, e.g., Burachkov, Coins of Greek Colonies, Southern
Russia, PL XIX. 57 ; XX. 75-78 ; XXI. 118 ; XXIII. 190.
The form of the altar on No. 10 is unusual on coins.
Perhaps a colossal altar is intended, like that on the coins
of Amasia in Pontus, which is sometimes represented as
consisting of two stages : Brit. Mm. Cat., Pontus, p. 10,
No. 31 ; p. 11, No. 32 ; PI. II. 2 ; p. xvii. In the case
of Amasia, however, the upper stage, on which a sacrificial
victim is seen, is explained by Puchstein,11 as the Trvpa,
i.e., a structure imitating masonry, but composed of beams
of wood which perished together with the victim when
the fiery sacrifice took place. On our coin, each stage
seems to be of masonry and is ornamented with a cornice.
A black-figured vase in the British Museum of the
Peloponnesian (" Corintho-Attic") class, representing the
Tacchella in Rev. Num., 1898, p. 210; ib., p. 219 (Pick);
Journ. internal, de Num., 1898, p. 14 (Imhoof-Blumer) ; -1899,
p. 85 (Svoronos).
11 Jahrbuch des arch. Inst., xi., 1896 (Berlin, 1897), p. 57;
on the funeral pyre, Daremberg and Saglio, Diet., ii., p. 1394.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. P P
282 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
sacrifice of Polyxena, shows in the centre of the scene " a
mound-shaped object with a flat top," from which fire
issues (Walters in Journ. Nell. Stud., xviii. (1898), p. 284,
PL XV) . It has been questioned whether this is a tomb
or an altar, but it would certainly seem to be an altar
with its burning pyre.
LARISSA (THESSALY).
11. Obv. — Circular shield adorned with ox's hoof within circle
of dots ; above shield, letters [OP ?] ; the whole
within border of dots.
Rev. — A A Bust of bearded Asklepios r., laureate ;
I P in front, serpent with head 1. ; part of
the himation is seen on the naked bust.
M. Size -5. Wt. 17-6 grs. [PI. XIII. 11.]
A specimen of this coin was wrongly attributed by
Longperier (Rev. Num., 1843, p. 422, PL XYI. 5) to
Pharcadon.12 Another is in the Imhoof-Blumer collection.
A similar obverse (without letters ?) occurs in Brit. Mus.
Cat., Thessaly, " Larissa," No. 46.13 A bust of Asklepios
appears on a bronze coin of Larissa (Num. Chron., 1892,
p. 8, No. 17), and he is seen feeding the serpent on a
silver coin (Brit. Mus. Cat., Thess., " Larissa,'' No. 45),
struck about the same period (circ. B.C. 400) as our coin.
THE OETAEI (THESSALY).
12. Obv. — Lion's head 1.
Rev.— OITAI UN Beardless Herakles standing fa-
cing ; wears wreath ; in r. hand, club resting on
12 The mistake was corrected by Imhoof, Mon. Gr., p. 277,
note 69.
13 In the Catalogue the device on the shield was called a
horse's hoof, but the preservation of the coin is very bad.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 283
stones ; lion's skin thrown over 1. arm ; 1. hand
extended.14
M. Size -9. Wt. 119 grs. [PI. XIII. 12.]
This coin is, I believe, unpublished, though I understand
that another specimen belonged to the late Baron L. de
Hirsch. The denomination is higher than any hitherto
known in the Oetaean coinage.
Herakles appears on the earliest coins of the Oetaei,
circ. B.C. 400, when he is represented in a somewhat
unusual way — completely naked, holding his club in both
hands transversely, and wreathed (Brit. Mus. Cat., Thess.,
PI. VII. 9). The figure is finely rendered, in the style
of Polykleitos. The same figure, clumsily reproduced, is
still found on the coins of the latest period, circ. B.C.
196-146 (ib. PL VII. 13). Our coin may be assigned
approximately to B.C. 190 or a little earlier, about which
period we hear of the KOIVOV TWV Olraiecav.15 The Hera-
kles is now of a more commonplace type, but his wreath
has survived from the earlier representation. The leaves
of the wreath both here and on the earliest coins are
jagged ; it is hard to determine whether vine, oak, or
wild celery (aeXivov, apium graveolens] is intended. A
vine-wreath is worn by Herakles as Bibax and in Dionysiac
scenes of revelry. The connection of the o€\ivov with
him is well known. The pyre of Herakles on Mount
Oeta was, according to one account, formed of oak and
pine.
It is possible that the Herakles represented on the coins
14 The hand is imperfectly rendered; it may be meant to
hold an apple or a phiale.
15 Lebas-Waddington, Inscr., in., 2, No. 1730 a ; cp. Bull,
eorr. hell., 1881, p. 141 f. ; x., p. 362.
284 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
is the local Herakles who was worshipped by the Oetaei
under the name of Ko^yom'wj/, " locust-scarer," because he
had freed them from locusts : KOL >yap CLTTO TWV Tt
ou? ol OlroLoi KopvoTTds \eyovvi, Kopvo7rlwva
Trap9 cKeli/ois ' H/ra/fXea aTraXXa-y?}? cLKpL^wv yjapiv (Strabo,
xiii., p. 613). But we have no information as to how he
was represented in art.
ALYZIA (ACARNANIA).
B.C. 350-300.
13. Obv. — Pegasos with pointed wing flying r.
Rev. — A A Y Head of Athena r. wearing, over leather
cap, Corinthian helmet without crest ; behind,
club.
JR. Size -95. Wt. 129-2 grs. [PL XIII. 14.]
Similar to Imhoof, Num. Zeit., x., p. 48, No. 5. The
staters described in the Brit. Hus. Cat., Corinth, p. 114,
have the name of the town written at full length.16
THYRRHEIUM (ACARNANIA).
14. Obv. — OYPP[E] Head of Athena r., wearing crested
helmet.
Rev. — ZENO within wreath of laurel.
MENHZ
M. Size -5. Wt. 20-5 grs. [PI. XIII. 13.]
A similar coin but of a higher denomination (size 17
mm. ; wt., 2'92 grm.), is in the French collection (Imhoof,
Num. Zeit., x., p. 176, No. 28). The magistrate's name
Xenomenes occurs during the same period (i.e., after circ.
16 For other coins of Alyzia, see Imhoof, op. cit., p. 46 f. ;
Lobbecke in Z. f. N., xv., p. 40.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 285
B.C. 167) on the silver coins of Thyrrheium with the
head of Achelous (Imhoof, op. cit., p. 176, Nos. 26, 27).17
It has been suggested that this magistrate was the
ancestor of the Xenomenes who entertained Cicero at
Thyrrheium in B.C. 51 and 50.18
AEGINA.
1 5. Obv. — Tortoise with structure of the shall shown divided
into thirteen plates.
Rev.— Incuse square of mill-sail pattern, i.e., divided into
eight triangular compartments alternately raised
and depressed.
M. Size -8. Wt. 179'9 grs. [PI. XIII. 16.]
This stater is a very rare variety of the ordinary coins
of Aegina. The form of the incuse square proves that
it belongs to the first period of the coinage, B.C. 700-550.19
During this period, and, indeed, until circ. B.C. 480, the
shell of the tortoise is marked only by a row of dots.
Greenwell (Num. Chron., 1890, p. 15, PI. II. 10), in
publishing a similar specimen,20 remarked that there
" appears to be an attempt to represent the carapace in
a naturalistic manner/' as on the later coins of Aegina,
B.C. 480-431. This method of representation did not,
however, long prevail, for on the coins of the second
period of Aeginetan coinage, circ. B.C. 550-480 (those
17 Also Montagu Sale (Part I.), 1896, lot 342, now in British
Museum.
18 Head, Hist. Num., p. 282; cp. Imhoof, op. cit., p. 177.
19 Cp. Head, B. M. Cat., Attica, &c., p. 126 ff.
J0 The reverse is of a form that is perhaps rather earlier than
that of our coin. Another specimen is in the Imhoof-Blumer
Collection. (See Imhoof and Keller, Tier und Pflanzenbilder,
PL VI. 25.)
286 HUM1SMATIC CHRONICLE.
with the incuse divided into five compartments by broad
bands), the tortoise has the old form — a smooth shell with
a single row of dots.
COBINTH.
16. Obv.— Head of Pegasos 1. [ ? beneath, <?].
Rev. — Trident ; circular incuse.
JR. Size -3. Wt. 3-7 grs. [PI. XIII. 15.]
A hemi-obol, B.C. 431-338. The obols (Brit. Mus. Cat.
Corinth, p. 21) have the same reverse but a complete
Pegasos on obverse.
ACHAEAN LEAGUE.
17. Obv. — Head of bearded Zeus Homagyrios r. ; hair long,
wreathed with laurel.
Rev. — ^v within wreath of laurel ; circular incuse.
JR. Size -6. Wt. 41-5 grs. [PI. XIV. 1.]
This coin may be regarded as the prototype of the
coins of the League. The head is of unusually good
style and the monogram, through being represented by
broad lines in high relief, has a much better decorative
effect than on the later issues.21 The coin is certainly
not later than the re-organization of the League in B.C.
280. Mr. Head is even inclined to place it in the first
half of the fourth century. This attribution — so far as
our present evidence goes — would leave the coin in a rather
21 For other coins of the early period of the League, see
Weil in Z. f. N., ix. (1882), pp. 240, 241 ; Imhoof-Blumer,
Monn. gr., pp. 156, 157; Clerk, CataL, Achaean League
(1895), p. 1 ; PI. I. 1-8.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 287
isolated position, and it is perhaps better to assign it,
provisionally, to circ. B.C. 280. So far as the style of the
obverse is concerned, however, there would be no difficulty
in assigning it to the fourth century. The treatment of
the head of Zeus recalls, e.g., the Zeus on the coins of
Alexander of Epirus, B.C. 342-326. 22
DELOS.
18. Obv. — Head of Apollo 1., laur. ; hair long.
Rev. — A H Palm-tree, on which swan 1.
M. Size -6. Wt. 47 grs. [PI XIV. 2.]
The reverse type is well known from the bronze coins28
of Delos (Brit. Mm. Cat., Crete, &c., " Delos," No. 3 ; cp.
" Delos," No. 1 ; p. xlvi), circ. B.C. 200-87. Silver coins
of the island, and especially the drachm denomination, are
rare. This specimen is perhaps of the type of the
IpayjjLtY] A/7\/a mentioned in the list of dedications in the
temple of the Delian Apollo (list of Demares, B.C. 200-
180). 24 In the second and first century (to circ. B.C. 80),
Delos was a trading centre of some importance.25
CALCHEDON (BITHYNIA).
19. Obv. — KAAX Bull standing 1. on ear of corn ; in
front, Cfr;26
82 Gardner, Cat., Thessaly, &c., PI. XX. 1, 8, 4.
23 XaX/cot eTrt^wptot, ^aA/cos ATJA.IOS. Bull. corr. hell., vi.,
p. 133.
24 Homolle, Bull. corr. hell., vi., p. 49, line 191 ; P. Gard-
ner, Journ. Hell. Stud., 1883, p. 245.
25 Jebb in J. H. S., i., 32 f.
6 This monogram occurs on a drachm, Brit. Mus. Cat.,
Pontus, p. 125, No. 16, and on a well-preserved specimen pur-
chased by the Museum at the Montagu Sale in 1896.
288 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev. — Incuse square of four compartments containing
dots ; the whole in circular incuse.
M. Size 1. Wt. 230-8 grs. [PL XIV. 3.]
The reverse is somewhat unusual, but the genuineness
of the coin is beyond question. Tetradrachms of this
period (circ. B.C. 350-280), formerly scarce, have during
the last few years become fairly common, owing appa-
rently to finds in northern Asia Minor.
ATTAEA (MYSIA).
20. Obv.— AVKAIAAV PHKOMOA Bust of Commodus
r., laur. ; beardless ; wears paludamentum and
cuirass.
^.-ETTICTPAPOV <K>VATTAITnN Female
figure (Orispina ? in the character of Homonoia)
wearing chiton, peplos and kalathos, standing 1. ;
in 1., cornucopiae ; r. holding phiale over lighted
altar.
M. Size 1-25. [PL XIV, 5 rev.]
The head of the sacrificing figure seems to me to re-
semble the wife of Commodus,27 who on her Roman bronze
coins is represented as a seated Concordia holding patera
and cornucopiae.
The local strategos,*Pov(j)os, appears also on the coins of
Sept. Severus and Caracalla.28
LAMPSACUS (MYSIA).
21. Obv. — Head of bearded Priapus r., wreathed with ivy;
border of dots.
" The head of Crispina appears as the obverse of one of the
coins of Attaea in Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. gr., p. 394, No. 64.
28 Waser in Revue Suisse, vii. p. 323 ; Babelon, Invent. Wad~
dington, No. 5748.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 289
r. ; in exergue, TTPO MHO I UN OZ
KHNftN 1. TOYAAMTttlNOZ
Apollo Citharoedus standing r. ; in r., plectrum ; in 1.,
lyre; in field 1.,|&P; in field r., female figure
(Hekate ?) wearing chiton and kalathos, standing,
holding torch in each hand.
M. Size 1-2. Wt. 248*3 grs. [PL XIV. 4.]
(Purchased at Sale at Sotheby's, May, 1900, '•' Greek
Coins of a late Collector," lot 327.)
A similar tetradrachm is in the Waddington Collection
(Babelon, Invent., No. 885). 29
EPHESUS (IONIA).
22. Cistophorus of the usual types ; on rev. above bow-case,
circular shield ; in field 1. i^ ; in field r., long
torch.
M. Size 1-1. Wt. 192-5.
The date of this specimen is B.C. 123, for I A = year 11
in the series of dated cistophori struck at, Ephesus B.C. 133
to B.C. 67. This coin partly fills the gap between years
4< 10 " and " 13," of which cistophori are already known.
See Head, Coins of Ephesus, p. 66.
SPITHRIDATES.
SATRAP OP IONIA AND LYDIA, D. 334 B.C.30
23. Obv. — Head of Spithridates 1., bearded, wears Persian
head-dress tied beneath chin.
19 Cp. Num Chron. 1900, p. 17, No. 21. The tetradrachms
of this class furnish the names of four different magistrates,
each with the patronymic.
50 On Spithridates, see Babelon, Melanges Numismatiques, ii.
p. 161 f. (cp. Rev. Num., 1892, p. 277, &c.).
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. Q Q
290 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
, Rev. — Forepart of galloping horse, r. ; beneath
SPIOPI
M. Size -6. Wt. 44-7 grs. [PI. XIV. 6.]
This is similar to the rare tetrobol in the Waddington
Collection (Babelon, Invent. No. 1364, PL III. 4). Two
reverse types are known of the coins of this satrap : I.
Forepart of winged horse. Tetrobols. Paris (Babelon,
Invent. Waddington, No. 1366, PL III. 6) ; Berlin (Von
Rauch Coll. ; cp. Sallet, N. Z. iii. p. 424) ; British
Museum (Cat. Ionia, p. 327, No. 18).31 II. Forepart of
galloping horse. Tetrobols. Paris (Invent. Waddington,
No. 1364, PL III. 4); British Museum (No. 23 supra).
Bronze. Paris (two specimens, one of which = Invent.
Waddington, No. 1365, PL III. 5) ; Berlin (N. Z. iii. p.
424); British Museum (Cat. Ionia, p. 327, No. 19).32
The coins of these two types have been assigned to Lamp-
sacus and Cyme, respectively, but, as M. Babelon has
remarked, there is no complete proof that they were struck
there.
PERGA (PAMPHYLIA).
24. Obv.— AVKMAV ANTHNINO CC6B Head of
Caracalla r., bearded ; laur.
31 The Brit. Mus. coin was first published in Num. Chron.,
1888, pp. 17, 18. My statement that it was " probably from
the same die " as the Von Rauch (Berlin) specimen, requires
correction. The obverse of the coin shows the head of the
satrap on the obverse with a full beard ; on the Paris and Berlin
specimens the beard is partially concealed by the cap, which is,
in these two instances, tied under the chin.
32 The description of the reverse in Brit. Mus. Cat., Ionia,
should probably be corrected by comparison with Invent. Wad-
divgton, No. 1365.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 291
Rev.-T\e? r AII1N; in ex., 06MIC Female
figure in chiton and peplos seated 1. ; in 1. palm-
branch ; in extended r. wreath, within which
TO.
M. Size 1. [PI, XIV. 7 rev.]
The seated figure cannot be identified by any attributes
as either the Artemis or the Tyche of Perga. Probably
it is the goddess presiding over the games (0e'/xf?).33 The
same wreath, with peculiar projections, is seen on the
coins of Aspendus (Hill, Cat. Lycia, &c., PL XXII., 8)
also in connection with the fle/iiy. It was probably
one of the prizes awarded at games of this class. TO is
apparently a date = 370 : on the coins of Aspendus we
find 06MIAOC TZ0 (369); TOB (372) ; TOE (375) :
see Hill, op. cit. p. Ixxiv.
SIDE (PAMPHYLIA).
25. 067.— KOPNHAIACAAflNIN AC€ Bust of
Salonina r. ; in front, |.
Rev.— CIAHTHN A NEHKO PHN Two purses
and prize-urn containing two palm-branches on
agonistic table, between the legs of which,
P€A
2B. Size 1*2. [PI. XIV. 12 rev.]
AHP6A would appear to indicate that the prizes for
the games were the gift of Salonina or her husband.
More or less parallel inscriptions may be found on coins
of Tarsus :— AHP6A CITOV AITO €TV TAPCH
(Egyptian corn presented to Tarsus by the Emperor
33 On the Gem? in Cilicia, &c., cp. Num. Chrnn., 1898,
p. 119, No. 36.
292 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Caracalla) ; AHPGA AAGZANAPOV (i.e. Severus
Alexander).34 The inscriptions AHP6A, TTYPAMOC
at Aegeae and Mopsus in Cilicia apparently record the
gift of a bridge over the river Pyramos.35 The inscrip-
tion T€ I MAI (ri^al), on coins of the Kings of Bosporus,
accompanying various objects sent as presents by the
Roman Emperors,36 may also be compared.
OLBASA (PISIDIA).
(COLONIA JULIA AUGUSTA OLBASENA.)
26. Obv.— \Vn AAV5 Bust of Julia Domna r.
Eev.—C . IVLIAV6 FOLBASE Tyche draped and
wearing kalathos, standing 1. ; r. hand on rud-
der ; 1. holds cornucopiae.37
M. Size 1. [PI. XIV. 13 rev.]
COLYBRASSUS (ClLICIA).
27. Obv.— AVT KAIMANTT OPAIANOC6 Bust
of Gordian III r., laur., wearing paludamentum
and cuirass.
Rev.— KOAVBPA C[C]€nN Tyche, draped and
wearing kalathos, standing 1. ; r. hand on rud-
der ; 1. holds cornucopiae.
M. Size -9.
34 On the Tarsian inscriptions of this class, see Rostowzew
in Num. Chron., 1900, p. 96, and reff. to Hill and Babelon.
36 Cp. Hill, Cat., Lycaonia, &c., p. cxii., and p. cxv. ; cp.
A.QP6AI mentioned ib.t p. cxii/; Waddington, Bull. corr.
hell., vii., p. 289.
se "Wrothj Cat., Pontus, p. xxxviii.
37 For another coin of J. Domna, see Babelon, Invert. Wad-
dington, No. 3759.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 293
LAERTES (CILICIA).
28. Obv.— AVTKAITTOAirAAAIH N O CCG Bust
of Gallienus r., laur., wearing palud amentum
and cuirass ; in front, I A.
Rev.— AA6PT6I TflN Zeus, wearing himation
over lower limbs, seated 1. on throne (without
back) ; 1. hand on long sceptre ; r. hand out-
stretched to eagle at his feet.38
M. Size 1-15.
TITIOPOLIS (CILICIA).
29. 06v.— AAPIANOC KAICAP Head of Hadrian
r., laur.
Rev. — TIT I OTTO A IT N Zeus, wearing himation
over lower limbs, seated 1. on throne (without
back) ; r. hand on long sceptre ; in 1. hand,
cornucopiae ; at feet, eagle.
M. Size 1-1. [PI. XIV. 10 rev.]
(Purchased at the Reichardt Sale, Sotheby's, March,
1899, lot 342.)
This is a variety of the coin in the French collection
published by Waddington in Rev. Num. 1883, p. 37,
No. I.39
SYRIA. SELEUCUS I. NICATOR.
B.C. 306-281.
30. Obv. — Head of beardless Herakles r. in lion's skin ;
border.
38 Cp. a similar type of Trebonianus Gallus, Mion., sup.,
vii., p. 225, No. 283. On Laertes, Hill, B. M. Cat., Lycaonia,
p. xxxiv.
39 For other coins of Titiopolis, see Hill, B. M. Cat.,
Lycaonia, p. 231 ; p. Ix. ; Babelon, Invent. Waddington, Nos.
4740, 4741.
294 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Rev. — ZEAEYKoY Zeus, wearing himation over
lower limbs, seated 1. on throne (without back) ;
in r., eagle ; 1. on long sceptre ; beneath, ($) (?) ;
[in front, anchor and monogram ?] ; border.
M. Size -35. Wt. 10-1 grs. [PI. XIV. 9.]
(Purchased at Sale at Sotheby's, May, 1900, " Greek
Coins of a late Collector," lot 417. The hemi-
drachm in the same lot was also acquired by the
British Museum.)
An apparently unpublished denomination — the obol —
of the first coinage of Seleucus I with the types of Alex-
ander the Great. A drachm and hemi-drachm of these
types are described in Babelon, Hois de Syrie, p. 2, Nos.
4 and 5.
SYRIA. ANTIOCHUS VI. DIONYSOS.
B.C. 145-142.
31 1 QbVi — Head of young Antiochus VI. r. wearing radiate
diadem ; fillet border.
j{ev> — BAZIAEHS The Dioscuri 1. on horseback,
ANTIoXoY wearing chlamydes and pilei
ETTI<l>ANoYZ surmounted with stars ; lances
AloNYZoY couched; in field 1. thyrsos
and HHP = year 168 = B.C.
145-4 ; in field r., TRY and
]fl[ ; whole in wreath of laurel,
ivy, lilies, and corn.
M. Size 1-8. Wt. 248'8 grs. [PL XIV H.]
Compare Brit. Mus. Cat., Syria, p. 63, No. 1 ; Babelon,
Hois de Syrie, p. 128, No. 988.
CAESABEA PANIAS (TRACHONITIS).
32. Obv.— MAV... -UN I NOCCGB Head of Cara-
calla r., bearded ; laur.
GREEK COINS ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 295
Rev.— KAICAPIATTANIAC Lagobolon and syrinx ;
beneath, CIA = year 214 = A.D. 211 (Era,
B.C. 3).
M. Size -9. [PI. XIV. 14 rev.]
(Purchased at the Raichardt Sale, Sotheby's, March,
1899, lot 303.)
An unpublished coin. The reverse refers to the god
Pan, who had a famous grotto at Caesarea Panias.40
GERASA (DECAPOLIS).
33. Obv.— AYKTPA I A41 AAPIANOCC Head of
Hadrian r. laur.
^y._AP[T6]MITYXH rCPACUJN Bust of
Artemis r. ; at shoulder, quiver ; before her,
bow.
M. Size -75. [PL XIV. 8 rev.]
(Purchased at the Reichardt Sale, Sotheby's, March,
1899, lot 313, with two other coins of Hadrian
and one coin of Commodus.)
The coins of this town (now Jerash) were not repre-
sented in the British Museum when the Cat., Galatia, &c.
(cp. p. Ixxxviii.) was published.42
40 The types relating to Pan are discussed in my Cat.,
Cralatia, &c., p. Ixxxi. f.
1 These letters (I A) are placed beneath the head.
** On the coins inscribed AN. TU). TIP. XP &c., referred
to Cat., Galatia, p. Ixxxix. (after Imhoof), see Perdrizet in the
Revue Biblique for July, 1900, " Lettre au R. P. Sejourne,"
§ 9. 'Ai/no^eict ^ Trpos Xpi/o-opoa, ^ irporcpov Tepacra. Cp.
Drouin in Rev. Num., 1900, p. 487.
296 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
EGYPT. BERENICE II, WIFE OF PTOLEMY III EUERGETES.
34. Obv.— Bust of Berenice II r., wearing diadem, veil, and
necklace ; border of dots.
Rev.— BEPENIKHZ BAZIAIZSHZ Cornucopiae
with regal diadem attached ; on each side, pileus
wreathed ; border of dots.
M. Size 1. Wt. 157 grs. [PI. XIV. 15.]
(Purchased at Sale at Sotheby's, May, 1900, " Greek
Coins of a late Collector," lot 477.)
This appears to be a new denomination of the coins of
Berenice II, struck (according to Svoronos) B.C. 246 —
221. Two specimens with similar types (two pilei on
reverse), but of higher denominations, are figured in
Svoronos's excellent article on the coins of this queen
(Journ. int. i. 1898, PL O,43 Nos. 1 and 2 ; p. 227).
WARWICK WROTH.
43 On coins of Berenice II see also Babelon, Melanges nvmis-
matiques, ii., p. 1 f. ; cp. Mowat, Rev. Num., 1893, p. 27. On
statues of the queen, Svoronos, op. cit., p. 228 ; Dutilh, ib.t
p. 433.
XVI.
CLASSIFICATION CHRONOLOGIQUE DES ^MIS-
SIONS MON^TAIEES DE L' ATELIER DE SISCIA
PENDANT LA PfiRIODE CONSTANTINIENNE.
(Voir Planches XV, XVI.)
LA description des emissions monetaires de 1' atelier de
Siscia pendant la pe*riode Constantinienne doit etre com-
mencee un pen avant Tavenement de Constantin le Grand
a York en Bretagne le 25 Juillet 306.
En effet ce fut le ler Mai 305 qu'eut lieu 1'eievation de
Severe II et de Maximin Daja au rang de Cesar,1 tandis
que Constance I et Galere e*taient reconnus Augustes et
que Diocletien et Maxiraien se retiraient du gouverne-
ment de Pempire en gardant le titre de Senior es A ugusti.2
Or la premiere emission dont la description va suivre
commen9a a etre frappe*e le ler Mai 305 et cessa de 1'etre
le 11 Novembre 308. Elle comprend en effet des mon-
naies de Severe II et de Maximin Cesars, de Constance I
et de Galere Augustes, eleves tous a leurs dignite's nou-
velles le ler Mai 305 ; ainsi que celles de Maximien
Hercule et Diocletien designes depuis la meme date
1 Lenain de Tillemont, Hist, des Empereurs, tome iv., p. 52.
2 Eckhel a dej& indique ce titre de Senior es Augusti comme
porte sur les monnaies par Diocletien et Maximien apres leur
abdication. Eckhel, t. viii., 14, 24.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. R E
298 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
comme Seniores Augusti. Elle presents aussi des mon-
naies de Constantin Cesar et de Severe Auguste qui furent
promus a ces dignites apres le 25 Juillet 306.3 Mais elle
ne contient aucune monnaie de Licinius et cessa en con-
sequence de paraitre avant le 11 Novembre 308.
La Pannonie ou se trouvait Patelier de Siscia fut attri-
bute a Severe II le ler Mai 305 4 et lui appartint jusqu'a
sa mort survenue en Avril ou en Mai 307 .5 Elle fit
ensuite partie du domaine de Galere, chef du quadruple
gouvernement imperial (tetrarchie) jusqu'au 11 Novembre
308, date a laquelle il Tattribua a Licinius en creant ce
dernier Auguste.6
PREMIERE EMISSION.
Frappde depuis le ler Mai 305 jusqu'au 11 Novembre 308.
Les monnaies de bronze de cette emission sont de deux
sortes. Ce sont :
1. De grandes pieces (Folles) ; ay ant de 25 a 30 milli-
metres de diametre; pesant de 8 grammes 95 c. a 10
grammes 50 c. ; en moyenne environ 10 grammes.
2. De petites pieces (Centenionales) ayant des diametres
de 18 a 19 millimetres, des poids variant de 1 gr. 60 a
2 gr. 30, d'une moyenne plus elevee que celle du Cen-
tenionalis que Ton trouve a la fin du regne de Constantin
et qui est de 1 gramme 75 c.7
3 Lactantius: De Mort. Pers., caput xxv. Constantin
ne porta sur les monnaies le titre Cesar qu'a partir de cette
epoque. II fut proclame Imperator par ses troupes aussitot
apres la mort de Constance et reconnu ensuite Cesar par
Galere.
4 J. Maurice, Z' Atelier d'Antioche, Num. Chron., 1899, p. 236.
6 Anonymus Valesii, iv., 9.
f Lactantius, De Mort. Pers., c. xxix.
7 Je suis pour Ja classification des especes de bronze le
L* ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 299
PREMIERE SERIE.
Avec les signes du revers et exergues suivants —
Ivi |vi | vi8
SISA SISB SISr
On trouve —
Au revers.— La legende CONCOEDIA IMPEEII ; et
comme type la Concorde debout a gauche,
coiffee du modius, appuyee sur un sceptre et
soutenant sa robe.
Au droit. I.— GAL. VAL. MAXIMINYS NOB. C.
Avec sa tete lauree a droite. Cohen, 7 ; FE.
8781 [PL XV., No. 1], 8782 ; 8 gr. 90 ; 25
millimetres do diametre et 12 gr. 30 ; 28 m.m. ;
BE. MVS.
2. SEVEEVS NOB. CAES. Avec sa tete lauree a
droite. Cohen, 4; FE. 8731; 9 gr. 90; 26
m.m.
Le Colonel Voetter pense que peut-etre on rencontre la
lettre d'officine A.9
travail de 0. Seeck (Die Munzpolitik Diocletian* , Zeitschrift f.
Numismatik, t. xvii., p. 36 et seq.}.
L' identification du follis de 1' epoque qui nous occupe avec
la pecunia majorina des lois du code Theodosien (notamment
lib. ix., tit. 23, lex. 2), a partir de 1'annee 395, permet
d'attribuer le nom de Centenionalis a la plus petite espece
de bronze de cette epoque qui correspond a celle de la fin du
regne de Constantin. [Cf. Mommsen, Hist, de la Monnaie
romaine. Trad, de Blacas, Paris, 1873, tome iii., pp. 105 et 164.
Les folles qui vont etre decrits sont de la meme sorte que
ceux que Diocletien fit frapper depuis 1'annee 300 (cf. Fried.
Kenner, Die alt. Prdgungen der Mimzstdtte Nicomedia, Numism.
Zeitschrift, 1894-95, p. 5).
8 L'exergue SIS designe 1'atelier de Siscia, et les lettres
grecques A, B, F, les trois oflicines de cette emission ; mais le
chiffre VI. place dans le champ est inexplique.
9 La collection du Colonel 0. Voetter, a Vienne, est la plus
importante en monnaies de bronze de cette epoque. C'est a son
300 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
3. FLA. VAL. SEVEEVS NOB. C. Meme tete.
Piece inedite. BE. MVS. ; Voetter.10
4. FL. VAL. SEYEEVS NOB. C. Meme tete.
H. MVS. V. ; BE. MVS. Piece decrite par M.
Gnecchi (Rim&ta Italiana di Numismatica, fasci.
iii., 1891).
5. FL. VAL. CONSTANTINVS NOB. C. Avec sa-
tete lauree a droite. Cohen, 67 ; H. MVS. V. ;
10 gr. 50; 26 m.m.
On frappa a la meme epoque les pieces des Augustes
(Seniores) Maximien Hercule et Diocletien.
Au revers.— PEOVIDENTIA DEOEVM QVIES
AVGG. La Providence debout a gauche, tenant
un rameau leve et un sceptre, en face d'une
femme qui la regarde et leve la droite.
AU droit.—V. N. MAXIMIANO BAEATISSIMO (tie)
SEN. AVG. Son buste laure a droite, a mi-
corps, avec le manteau imperial, tenant une
branche de laurier et un livre ou la mappa.
Cohen, 490 ; FE. 8231 ; 8 gr. 95 ; 29 m.m.
La piece de Diocletien ; Cohen, 422 ; se presente cer-
tainement avec le meme exergue.
Au revers. — PEEPETVITAS AVGG. Eome assise a
gauche, tenant un globe surmonte d'une victoire,
a cote d'elle un bouclier.
Audroit. 1.— FLA. VAL. SEVEEVS NOB. C. Sa
tete lauree a droite, piece inedite. Collection
Voetter ; 27 m.m.
obligeance que je dois d' avoir pu completer un grand nombre
de series monetaires de Siscia. Je profite de cette occasion
pour Ten remercier.
10 J'indique comme collections, ainsi que je 1'ai fait dans
mes precedentes publications, d'abord les collections du
Cabinet de France (FE.) et du British Museum (BE. MVS.),
puis celles des autres musees (H. MVS. V. = Hof Museum,
Vienne ; T. = Turin) et ensuite seulement les collections par-
L* ATELIER MONETA1RE DE SISCIA. 301
2. FL. VAL. SEVEEVS NOB. CAES. Meme tete.
Cohen, 57 ; H. MVS. V, ; 27 m.m. ; BE. MVS.
3. PL. VAL. SEYEEVS NOB. C. Meme tete. Cohen,
59 ; BE. MYS. ; Yoetter.
4. SEYEEYS NOB. CAES. Meme tete. Cohen, 56 ;
BE. MYS. ; Collection Trau a Yienne.11
Au revers.— IOYI CONSEEYAT. Jupiter nu debout
a gauche, avec le manteau sur 1'epaule gauche,
tenant un globe surmonte d'une victoire et un
sceptre.
Audroit. 1.— IMP. MAXIMIANVS P.F. AVG. Sa
tete lauree a droite. Cohen, 329, de Hercule,
attribuable a Galere; FE. 8222; 9 gr. 15; BE.
MYS. [PI. XV., No. 2.]
2. IMP. C. MAXIMIANYS P.F. AVG.12 Meme
tete. Cohen, 330, de Hercule, attribuable d
Galere ; Yoetter.
3. IMP. CONSTANTIVS P.F. AYG. Tete analogue.
Cohen, 153; FE. 8240.
4. IMP. SEYEEYS P.F. AYG. Tete analogue; piece
inedite. 27 m.m. ; musee de Buda-Pesth.
5. FL. VAL. CONSTANTINYS NOB. C. Tete
analogue. Cohen, 280 (H. MYS. V. ; collection
Lichtenstein) ; Voetter.13
ticulieres, pour les pieces qui manquent dans les musees ou
pour des pieces rares.
11 Les legendes Concordia Imperil et Perpetuitas Augg. sont
frappees pour les Cesars ; lovi Conservat. et Herculi Victori
pour les Augustes et les Cesars.
12 Les prenoms, titres et nom de Galere etant IMP. CAESAE
C. GALEEIYS VALEEIYS MAXIMIANYS AYG., beau-
coup de ses monnaies portent : Imp. C. Maximianus, P.F.
Aug.
13 J'indique par le nom du Colonel Yoetter que la piece se
trouve dans sa collection ; s'il s'agit d'un ouvrage j'en donnela
reference.
302 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Avec
VI
VI
SISA SISB SISr
On trouve —
Au revers.— HEECVLI VICTOKI. Avec Hercule nu
debout a gauche, appuye de la droite sur sa
massue et tenant de la gauche trois pommes et
une peau de lion sur le bras.
Au droit. 1.— IMP. CONSTANTIVS P.F. AVG. Sa
tete laui-ee a droite. Cohen, 151; FK. 8419;
10 gr. 50. [PL XV., No. 3.]
2. IMP. MAXIMIANVS P.F. AVG. Tete analogue.
Cohen, 298, de Hercule, attribuable & Galere 14
(H. MVS. V. ; collection Lichtenstein) ; et col-
lection Voetter.
3. GAL. VAL. MAXIMINVS NOB. C. Tete analogue ;
piece inedite, variete de Cohen, 106 ou Hercule
au revers est tourne a droite. Voetter ; 26 m.m.
4. II reste a trouver une piece de Severe Cesar ; en effet
cette serje commenQa a etre f rappee des le ler
Mai 305, ainsi que le prouve la presence de
monnaies de Constantius Aug.
VI A VI B VI T
Avec
SIS SIS SIS
On trouve —
Au revers.— CONCOEDIA IMPEBIL La Concorde
debout a gauche, coifTee du modius, appuyee
sur un sceptre et soutenant sa robe.
Au droit. 1.— GAL. VAL. MAXIMTNVS NOB. CAES.
Sa tete lauree a droite. Cohen, 6 ; Voetter ;
27 m.m.
14 La presence des monnaies de Maximien Hercule dans
cette emission, monnaies sur lesquelles Maximien H. porte
le titre de Senior Augustus, prouve que les autres monnaies de
Maximianus ne portant pas ce titre de Senior sont des monnaies
de Galere.
L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 303
2. GAL. YAL. MAXIMINYS NOB. 0. Memo tete;
piece inedite. Voetter.
Je n'ai rencontre qu'une seule piece avec Le signe et
Pexergue suivant —
|S
SIS*
Au rmro.— CONCORDIA IMPERIL Avec le type
deja decrit.
Audroit.—YL. YAL. SEYERYS. Sa tete lauree a
droite. C'est la piece dejgl indiquee plus haut
et decrite par M. Gnecchi. Musee Brera, Milan;
27 m.m.
II est difficile de conclure de Texistence d'une seule
piece a celle d'une se*rie entiere de monnaies. Toutefois
il est a remarquer que 1'emission suivante presente la
lettre d'officine S et qu'une serie peut manquer dans les
collections.
PETITS BEONZES.
Les pieces qui vont suivre sont de 1'espece du Cen-
tenionalis. Elles ont 18 a 19 millimetres de diainetre,
pesent de 1 gr. 50 a 2 gr. 30.
i
Avec 1' exergue
SIS
On trouve —
Au revers.— GENIO POPVLI ROMAN!. Genie a
demi-nu, debout a gauche, coiffe du modius,
tenant une patere et une corne d'abondance.
Audroit. 1.— EL. YAL. SEYERYS NOB. C. Sa
lauree a droite. Cohen, 32; FR. 13986; 2 gr.
30; 18 m.m. [PI. XV., No. 4.]
2. SEYERYS NOB. C. Meme tete. Cohen, 33;
H. MYS. Y. ; Yoetter.
304 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
3. MAXIMINVS NOB. C. Meme tete. Cohen, 84;
H. MYS. Y. ; Musee Brera; 18 m.m. ; Voetter.
4. GAL. VAL. MAXIMINVS NOB. 0. Meme tete.
Cohen, 86 ; H. MVS. V. ; Voetter.
5. CONSTANTIVS AVG. Avec sa tete lauree, a
droite ; piece inedite. Voetter.
6. IMP. C. CONSTANTIVS P.F. AVG. Meme tete.
Cohen, 100 ; FR. 13802 ; 1 gr. 60 ; Voetter.
7. MAXIMIANVS AVG. Sa tete lauree a droite;
piece inedite. Voetter.
Ces petites pieces sont rares dans les collections ; je n'en
ai pas trouve a Peffigie de Constantin Cesar. Mais elles
ont ete frappees depuis Fannee 305, ainsi que le prouve la
presence des pieces de Constantius.15
Les monnaies d'or suivantes peuvent se placer dans cette
Emission a cause des legendes qu'elles portent de Maximin
Cesar, Maximin n'ayant garde ce titre que peu de temps au
debut de remission qui vient ensuite.
Avec 1' exergue — —
SIS
On trouve —
Au revers.— PKCNCIPI IVVENTVTIS. Avec Maxi-
min en habit militaire debout a gauche, levant
la main droite et tenant un sceptre ; derriere lui
deux enseignes militaires.
Au droit.— MAXIMINVS NOB. C. Sa tete lauree a
droite. Cohen, 144, dit son buste ; FR. 1493 ;
5 gr. 35 ; 19 m.m. Monnaie d'or du type du
60me de la livre.
15 Le Colonel Voetter a donne un tableau complet de ces
pieces dans : Erste Christliche Zeichen, Numismatische Zeit-
tchrift, 1892, p. 66. La legende suivante, IMP. C. M. A.
MAXIMIANVS P.F. AVG., designe Maximien Hercule et
fait partie d'une emission anterieure, Hercule portant seul
le prenom d'Aurelius.
305
Au revers.— OEIENS AVGG. Le Soleil radie a demi-
nu, debout a gauche, levant la droite et tenant
de la main gauche un globe surmonte d'un
fouet,
.Audroit.— MAXIMINVS NOB. CAES. Sa tete
lauree a droite. Cohen, 136, or.
Cette piece doit se rapporter a Felevation des Augustes,
Constance-Chlore et Galere, le ler Mai 305.
Au revers.— YIETVS AVGG . ET CAESS. Maximin
marchant a droite, trainant un barbare derriere
lui et portant un trophee ; a droite devant lui
un barbare assis les mains liees derriere le dos
et le regardant.
Au droit. 1.— MAXIMINVS NOB. C. Sa tete lauree
a droite. Cohen, 186, or ; FE. 1500 ; 5 gr. 60 ;
19 m.m.
2. SEVEEVS P.F. AVG. Sa tete lauree a droite.
Cohen, 68, or ; MM. Kollin et Feuardent.
Ces deux pieces ont du etre frappees pendant la courte
periode ou Severe fut Auguste, c'est a dire apres le 25
Juillet 306 et avant sa mort en Avril ou Mai 307.
DEUXIEME EMISSION.
Prappee depuis P elevation de Licinius au rang d* Auguste
le 11 Novembre 308 16 jusqu'd la mort de Galere le 5 Mai
311.
En effet cette emission debute avec les monnaies de
Licinius le 11 Novembre 308 ; et d'autre part les monnaies
de Galere et celles de Galerie Valerie sa femme, fille de
Diocletien, cessent de paraitre apres cette emission.
16 Id&t.deFast.: Decies(Maximiano) etMaximiano (Galerio),
His conss. quod est Maxentio et Eomulo, levatus Licinius
Carnunto III Id. Nov.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. S S
306 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Galere, qui avait cree Licinius Auguste, lui attribua la
province de Pannonie 17 ou se trouvait 1'atelier de Siscia
et ce fut des lors la politique de Licinius, fidele lui-
meme a celle de Galere que refleterent les frappes mon£-
taires de 1'atelier de Siscia. Aussi ce fut d'abord sous
le nora de Cesars, seul titre que leur avait reconnu Galere,
que Constantin et Maximin Daja parurent dans cette emis-
sion ; puis, a la suite des reclamations de Maximin Daja
qui survinrent bientot, puisqu'elles furent occasionnees
par la nomination de Licinius Auguste, les deux Cesars
furent designes comme Filli Augiistorum.18 Galere leur
avait donne a tous deux ce titre purement honorifique
esperant ainsi les contenter, et les ateliers qui appar-
tenaient tant a Galere qu'a Licinius leur attribuerent cette
dignite,19 que Constantin et Maximin refuserent chacun
de leur cote. Enfin Maximin usurpa de lui-meme le
titre d' Auguste et le fit savoir a Galere; aussi ce dernier,
ayant la main forcee, attribua le meme rang d' Auguste
a Constantin et a Maximin en Avril ou Mai 309.20
17 L'ltalie, la Pannonie, la Rhetie appartenaient a Severe
qni les tenait lui-meme d'Hercule. Cf. Lenain de Tillemont,
Hist, des Empereurs, t. iv., 125 ; Anonymus Valesii, iv. 9, dit
"Huic Severo Pannoniae et Italiae Urbes et Africae con-
tigerunt." Lactantiua, De Mort. Pers., cxxix., dit de la con-
ference de Carnuntum : " Aderat Diocles a genero nuper acci-
tus ut, quod ante non fecerat, preesente illo imperium Licinio
daret substitute in Severi loco." Mais 1'Italie avait ete usurpee
par Maxence.
18 Lactantius, De Mort. Pers., cxxxii., " Nuncupate igitur
Licinio imperatore, Maximinus iratus nee Caesarem se nee
tertio loco nominari volebat. Victus contumacia tollit
Caesarum nomen et se Liciniumque Augustos appellat, Maxi-
minum et Constantinum filios Augustorum."
19 Tel fut le cas de ceux de Siscia et de Thessalonica. Les
ateliers appartenant a Constantin et a Maximin respectivement
refuserent d'emettre des monnaies avec cette appellation pour
leur souverain.
20 Lactantius, De Mort. Pers., cxxxii., dit que Maximin
I/ ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 307
L'atelier de Siscia frappa des lors des monnaies * aux
effigies des quatre Augustes, Galere, Licinius, Maximin
et Constantin. Ce sont ces frappes qui terminent cette
emission. Les monnaies de bronze (folles) qui la com-
posent oscillent entre les poids de 7 gr. 80 c. et de
6 gr. 10 c. Ce ne sont plus des folles analogues a
ceux de Diocletien comme dans 1'emission precedente.
Mais un premier abaissement du poids de ces monnaies
a eu lieu lors de la conference de Carnuntum au debut de
cette emission, et correspond a peu pres sinon complete-
ment a celui qui eut lieu dans les etats de Maximin Daja
vers la meme epoque.21
Avec les signes, lettres d'offieines et exergues —
u|A. u|B u F u|A u|8 u|S
SIS SIS SIS SIS SIS SIS
On trouve —
Au revers.— GENIO AVGVSTI. Genie a demi-nu,
debout a gauche, ooiffe du modius, tenant une
patere d'ou la liqueur se repand et une corne
d'abondance.
Au droit. 1.— MAXIMIN VS NOB. CAES. Sa tete
lauree a droite. Cohen, 22 ; FE. 8788 ; 7 gr.
10 ; 25 m.m.
2. Je n'ai pas trouve la piece analogue de Constantin
Cesar.
3. IMP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Sa tete lauree
a droite. Cohen, 26; EK. 9018-19-20 ; 6 gr.
35; 24 m.m.
et Constantin furent reconnus Augustes par Galere en
meme temps. J'ai determine 1' epoque de cette reconnais-
sance dans mon etude sur 1'atelier d'Antioche (Numismatic
Chronicle, 1899, p. 218).
21 Id., page 217.
308 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
4. MAXIMINYS FIL. AYGG. Tete analogue. Cohen,
24 ; BE. MVS. ; H. MYS. Y. ; Yoetter.
5. CONSTANTINYS FIL. AYGG. Tete analogue.
Cohen, 179; FE. 9082; 6 gr. 44; 26 m.m.
[PL XV., No. 5.] Yoetter.
6. IMP. MAXIMINYS P.F. AYG. Tete analogue.
Cohen, 26 ; FE. 8792 ; 6 gr. 75 ; 25 m.m. ;
BE. MYS.
7. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P.F. AYG. Tete analogue.
Cohen, 175 ; FE. 9083-84 ; 7 gr. 25 ; 24 m.m. ;
9-085, 6 gr. -07; 26 m.m.; BE. MYS.
8. IMP. MAXIMIANYS P.F. AYG. Tete analogue.
No. 133 de Hercule dans Cohen; doit etre
attribue a Galere. FE. 8895-96; 6 gr. 90;
26 m.m. ; 8897-98 ; 7 gr. 80; 24 m.m.
An revers.— GENIO CAESAEIS. Avec le meme type
du revers que celui du Genio Augusti.
Au droit. 1. — MAXIMINYS NOB. CAES. Sa tete
lauree a droite. Cohen, 37. Yoetter.
2. Je n'ai pas trouve la piece analogue de Constantin
Cesar.
3. CONSTANTINYS FIL. AVGG. Sa tete lauree a
droite. Cohen, 186 (H. MYS. Y. ; coUection
Liechtenstein) ; 6 gr. 40 ; 26 m.m. ; Yoetter.
4. Je n'ai pas trouve la piece analogue de Maximinus fil.
augg.
5. IMP. LIC. LICIN1YS P.F. AYG. Sa tete lauree *
droite ; piece inedite ; 26 m.m ; Yoetter.
6. IMP. MAXIMIANYS P.F. AYG. Tete analogue.
Cohen 135 de Hercule; attribuable a Galere.
Yoetter; FE.
Au revers. — YENEEI YICTEICI. Yenus debout a
gauche, tenant une pomme dans la main droite
levee et soutenant son voile.
Au droit.— GAL. YALEEIA AYG. Son buste drape a
droite, tantot avec un diademe, tantot avec un
bandeau sur les cheveux ; parfois avec un crois-
sant pose soit sur les cheveux, soit devant le
I/ ATELIER MONETAIRE T)E SISCIA. 3C9
manteau. Le colonel Voetter possede toutes
les varietes de cette moimaie. FB-. 8716 ;
8719. [PI. XV. No. 6] ; 8720.
Les pieces de Galeria Valeria sont frappees au cours
de cette emission en meme temps que celles de Galere
(Maximianus) et cessent de 1'etre en meme temps. II en
est de meme a Antioche.22
Des deux cotes la mort de Galere est suivie d'un abaisse-
ment du poids des monnaies de bronze et Ton ne trouve
plus de pieces de Galeria Valeria parmi les monnaies de
bronze de poids re'duit. On trouve dans ce fait la con-
firmation des recits de Lactance,23 d'apres lesquels Vale'rie
avait voulu d'abord abandonner 1'heritage de Galere a
Licinius, mais ne Favait pas fait et s'etait refugiee dans les
e*tats de Maximin croyant devoir etre plus en surete
aupres de ce dernier, qui la persecuta pour d'autres raisons
que Licinius. Valerie fut done condamne'e presque en
meme temps a 1'exil par les deux empereurs et ses mon-
naies cesserent d'etre f rappe'es a Siscia comme a Antioche.
TROISIEME EMISSION.
Cette emission fut f rappee depuis le 5 Mai 311 et cessa de
Tetre au courant de I'annee 312.
En effet elle commenca de paraitre apres la mort
de Galere le 5 Mai 311, car le nom de cet empereur
n'est inscrit sur ses monnaies qu'avec Fepitliete Divus
(Galerius) dans la legende : DIVO GAL. VAL. MAXI-
MIANO. Elle se termina au courant de Tannee 312 ;
car 1'emission suivante, qui ne presente plus de monnaies
de Divus Galerius, en contient encore de Maximin Daja
22 J. Maurice, loc. cit., p. 223.
23 Lactantius, De Mort. Pers., c. xxxix. et Lenain de Tille-
mont, Hist, des Emp. iv, p. 117.
310 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
qui n'ont pu etre f rappees que jusqu'au debut de la
guerre entre Licinius et Maximin en Mars ou Avril 313.24
Cette emission comprend deux sortes de monnaies de
bronze ou FOLLES* Les plus lourds de ces FOLLES pesent
de 5 grammes a 7 grammes 55 c. ; et ont d« 25 a 26 mil-
limetres de diametre ; les plus legers pesent de 4 a 5
grammes et ont de 23 a 24 millimetres de diametre. Get
abaissement des poids des folles eut lieu au cours de remis-
sion et il semble qu'il y eut a peu pres synchronisme entre
cet abaissement des poids a Siscia dans les etats de
Licinius et a Antioche dans ceux de Maximin Daja.25
II dut se produire au cours et sans doute dans la seconde
moitie de 1'annee 311.
14 Licinius f ut rappele de la conference de Milan a la fin de
f evrier par 1'invasion de ses etats par Maximin ; on dut sus-
pend re la frappe des monnaies de Maximin dans ses ateliers
au mois de Mars. Sur la declaration de guerre voir : Lactantius,
De Nort. Pers. xlv., Anonymus Valesii, v., 13.
25 J'ai deja demontre plus haut que le meme synchronisme
avait eu lieu pour le ler abaissement du poids des FOLLES lors
de la conference de Carnuntum en Novembre 308 (voir mon
travail sur 1'atelier d' Antioche, Numismatic Chronicle, 1899,
p. 226, pour 1'abaissement du poids des monnaies en 311).
On peut reconnaitre dans ces abaissements simultanes du
poids des monnaies, dans ce parallelisme entre les emis-
sions des memes especes monetaires a Siscia et a Antioche,
une preuve des nombreux echanges commerciaux qui avaient
lieu entre ces deux parties de 1' empire. II en est pour les
monnaies d'or de meme que pour les monnaies de bronze.
J'ai eu 1'occasion de demontrer un fait semblable pour les
emissions des ateliers de Tarragone et de Home. Apres la
prise de Rome par Maxence le 28 Octobre, 306, Rome frap-
pa des monnaies de bronze de meme poids que celles de Tarra-
gone et lorsque Constantin reconnut le pouvoir de Maxence
en 307, il fit f rapper a Tarragone des monnaies analogues a
celles que Maxence emettait et de meme poids.
L'activite des echanges commerciaux entre Rome et Tarra-
gone d'une part, entre Siscia et 1'Orient d'autre part, est
attested paries textes, qui prouvent que les approvisionnements
L' ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 311
PREMIERE SERIE.
Avec les lettres d'officines et les exergues —
|A [B |r IA |e |S
SIS SIS SIS SIS SIS SIS
On trouve — •
I. Au revers. — IOVI CONSERVATOR! Jupiter nu,
debout a gauche, le manteau sur 1'epaule gauche,
tenant le foudre de la droite et appuye sur an
sceptre. A ses pieds a gauche un aigle tenant
une couronne en son bee.
Au droit. 1.— IMP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Sa
t6te lauree a droite. Cohen, 83 ; FR. 9039 ;
6gr. 10; BR. MVS.
2. IMP. MAXIMINYS P.F. AVG. Sa tete lauree a
droite. Cohen, 110; FR. 8874-76; 25 m.m..
BR. MVS.
3. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Sa tete lauree
a droite. Cohen, 286; FR. 9113; 7 gr. 55 ;
25 m.m. BR. MVS.
4. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Meme tete. Cohen,
287 ; Voetter.
de Rome se faisaient en grande partie en Espagne sous Con-
stantin (cf. Cod. Theodosianus, lib. xiii. tit. v., de Naviculariis,
lex iv., du 8 Mars, 324 ; et plus tard Symmachi epist. lib. 10,
epist. 50 ; cf. 0. Seeck, Hon. Hist. Germanica Antiquissima,
xxxvii., p. 309; Cassiodore Tar. 5, 35); et les nombreuses
lois qui prouvent que Constantinople s'approvisionna surtout
en Egypte (cf. E. Gebhardt, Verpflegungswesen von Rom
und Constantinopel in der Spaterenkais^rzeit, Dorpat, 1881).
Or a 1'epoque qui nous occupe Licinius etait entre en possession
de Byzance et de tout ce qui est en dec^i de la Propontide du
cote de 1'Europe ; et Galere avait possede auparavant les
memes contrees. (Cf. Lenain de Tillemont, 1. c. iv., p. 117 ;
Lact. D. M. P., cxxxvi.) II n'est done pas etonnant que les
monnaies des ateliers de Licinius tels que Siscia aient ete
frappees de meme poids que celles de Maximin qui possedait
1' Orient et 1' Egypte afin de faciliter 1'activite des e changes
commerciaux entre les etats des deux empereurs.
312 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
II. Au mw*.— FOETI FOETVNAE. Avec la Fortune de-
bout a gauche, tenant un gouvernail^pose sur un
globe et une corne d'abondance. A c6te d'elle
a droite un croissant et une etoile.
Au drott.—DIVO GAL. VAL. MAXIMIANO. Son
buste voile a droite. Cohen, 30 de G-alere.
FE. 8476; 4 gr. 10; 24 m.m. [PL XV., No. 7.]
Les memes pieces se rencontrent avec la lettre H dans
le champ du revers. L'on a en consequence la seconde
partie suivante de cette premiere serie.
Avec les lettres et exergues —
A
TT
B F
H H
S
A
H
6
H
H
SIS
SIS SIS
IS SIS SIS
On
trouve —
Les pieces suivantes qui viennent d'etre decrites.
1. Le No. 286 de Oonstantin I. dans Cohen. BE. MVS.
2. Le No. 83 de Licinius. FE. 9040-41-42 ; 7 gr. 34 ;
26 m.m; BE. MVS. [PI. XV. No. 8.]
3. Le No. 110 de Maximin. FE. 8871; 8875; BE.
MVS.
Le lettre H dans le champ du revers des monnaies doit
£tre ici la premiere du nom de Hercule.26 L'on a vu, en
effet, plus haut, que Licinius avait re9u des mains de
Galere Pheritage de Severe, qui avait peri dans sa guerre
centre Maxence. Or Severe lui-meme avait recu la
pourpre des mains de Hercule le premier Mai 305, a
Milan.27 II en resulte que Licinius possedait la descendance
26 Cf. E. Mowat, Combinaisons secretes de Lettres dans les
Marques monetaires de V Empire Romain ; page 22 du tirage
a part, Revue Numismatique, 1897.
37 Eutrop., Breviariumhist. Rom. ix., 27. Lactant., De Mort
Per*, cxviii. Lenain de Tillemont, t. iv., p. 52.
I/ ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 313
directe de Hercule et que Patelier de Siscia etait passe
des domaines de ce dernier empereur dans les siens.
La monnaie commemorative de Galere, Cohen No. 30,
fut frappee egalement avec les pieces de la seconde partie
de cette serie (collection Yoetter).
DEUXIEME SERIE.
Avec les signes, lettres et exergues —
fi|A fl|B Q|T fl|A QlG QIS
SIS SIS SIS SIS SIS SIS
On trouve —
I. Au revers.—IOVL CONSEEVATOEI. Avec Jupiter
nu, debout & gauche, le manteau sur 1'epaule
gauche, tenant le foudre et appuye sur un
sceptre.
Audroit.l.—IKP. LIC. LICINIYS P.P. AYG. La
tete lauree a droite. Piece inedite. BE. MVS.
avec I'officme S, qui est rare ; Yoetter.
2. IMP. MAXIMINYS P.F. AYG. Tete analogue.
Cohen, 112 ; FK. 8870 a 73 ; 4 gr. 70 ; 24 m.m. ;
BE. MYS. [PL XV., No. 9.]
3. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P.F. A7G. Tete ana-
logue. Cohen, 284; FE. 9111; 5 gr. 5;
23 m.m. BE. MYS. ; 4 gr. 53 ; 23 m.m.
Les poids de cette serie sont en general moins eleves
que ceux de la serie precedente.
Leurs legendes et leurs exergues classent egalement
dans cette emission les pieces d'or suivantes.
Avec le signe et F exergue suivants —
JE
SIS
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. T T
314 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
«
On trouve —
I. Au revers.—IOVI CONSEEYATOEI AYG. Jupiter
nu debout a gauche, le manteau sur 1'epaule
gauche, tenant le foudre et un sceptre ; a ses
pieds a gauche un aigle tenant une couronne
en son bee.
Au droit.— LICINIVS P.F. AYG. Sa tete lauree a
droite. H. MVS. Y. 25550 ; 5 gr. 35 ; 21 m.m.
Cette piece differe du No. 89 de Cohen par le
foudre.
II. Au revers.— IOYI CONSEEYATOEI. Jupiter nu de-
bout a gauche, le manteau sur 1'epaule gauche,
tenant une victoire sur un globe et un sceptre ;
a ses pieds a gauche un aigle tenant une
couronne en son bee.
Au droit.— LICINIVS P.F. AYG. Sa tete lauree a
droite. BE. MYS.
Ces pieces d'or sont de Tespece du 60me de la livre d'or
qui frequemment est indiquee sur les monnaies par le
chiffre grec 2 ; aussi Missong dans Die Vorldufer der
Werthzahl OB auf romischen Goldmunzen, Zeitschrifi f.
Numismatik, vii., 1880, a-t-il cru pouvoir voir un rapport
entre les deux signes grecs 2 et X latin. Mais il semble
que ce doit etre le chiffre des YOTA X de Licinius que
1'on frappait alors.
QUATRIEME EMISSION.
Cette emission fut f rappee au cours de I'annee 312 et
jtisqu'au debut de la guerre entre Maximin et Licinius en
Mars ou Avril 313. En effet elle contient des monnaies
de Maximin qui n'ont pu etre frappees qu'anterieurement
a cette date. Elle se distingue de remission precedente
L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 315
parce que Fatelier fonctionne avec une officine de moins.28
Les folles de cette emission ne pesent plus que de 3
gr. 50 c. a 4 gr. 70 c. ; elles ont en moyenne 22 m.ra. de
diametre.
Avec les lettres et exergues —
IA IB |r |A |e
SIS SIS SIS SIS SIS
On trouve —
Aurevers.— IOVI CONSEEVATOEI AVGG. N.N.
Jupiter nu ; debout a gauche, le manteau sur
1'epaule gauche, tenant une victoire sur un
globe et s'appuyant sur un sceptre ; a ses pieds
a gauche un aigle tenant une couronne en
son bee.29
Au droit. l.-IMP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Son
buste laure et drape a droite. Cohen, 123 ; FE.
9064 ; 4 gr. 55 ; 25 m.m. ; BE. MVS. ;
egalement avec son buste laure et cuirasse a
droite; FE. 14239; 3 gr. 60; 24 m.m.,
14240-41 ; BE. MVS. ; Yoetter.
2. Meme legende, avec sa tdte lauree a droite. Cohen,
126 ; FE. 14230 ; 3 gr. 50; 22 m.m., 14231 ;
BE. MVS.
3. IMP. MAXIMINVS P.F. AVG. Son buste laure
et drape a droite. Variete inedite. BE. MVS. ;
Voetter.
4. Meme legende avec son buste laure et cuirasse a droite.
Cohen, 127; FE. 14047, 14048; 3 gr. 80;
23 m.m. ; 14049. [PI. XV., No. 10.]
28 L'importance de la collection du Colonel 0. Voetter
permet de s'assurer de ce fait.
29 Elle correspond absolument a une emission d'Antioche
qui presente la m£me legende du revers (J. Maurice, Numis-
matic Chronicle, 1899, p. 227).
316 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
5. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Son buste
laure et drape a droite. Cohen, 312 ; BE. MVS. ;
FE. 14732-33 ; 3 gr. 55 ; 22 m.m. ; avec
son buste laure et cuirasse a droite. BE. MVS. ;
H. MYS. V.; FE. 14734; 3 gr. 70 ; 22 m.m. ;
14736.
6. Meme legende ; sa tete lauree a droite, piece inedite.
BE. MVS. ; 4 gr. 62 ; 22 m.m. ; Voetter.
C'est dans cette emission qu'il faut placer la piece d'or
suivante avec 1'exergue —
SIS
Au revers. — PEOFECTIO AVGGr. Licinius a cheval a
droite tenant une haste.
Au droit.—mP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Sa fete
lauree a droite. Cohen, 143 ; FE. 1435 ; 5 gr.
40 ; 19 m.m. ; or.
Cette piece doit se rapporter a un evenement tres im-
portant survenu en 1'annee 313. C'est la rencontre de
Licinius et de Constantin a Milan en fevrier 313, ou fut
rendu 1'edit de Milan qui etablissait la liberte reli-
gieuse dans Tempire ; 30 et ou Licinius epousa Constantia,
soeur de Constantin. Ce depart (Profectio) 31 des Au-
gustes eut lieu lorsque Constantin fut rappele dans les
Gaules et Licinius en Illyrie par des guerres menacantes.
30 Eusebii, Historia ecclesiastica, lib. 10, c. 5 ; Lenain de
Tillemont, t. iv., p. 146.
31 J'ai decrit dans 1? Atelier monetaire de Londres, Numis-
matic Chronicle, 1900, p. 122, une piece de bronze a 1'effigie
de Constantin datee par ses signes d' emission de la meme
epoque et portant la legende ADVENTVS AVGG-. NN., qui
doit s'appliquer a cette meme entrevue des deux empereurs,
lesquels ne se rencontrerent officiellement qu'a Milan.
L* ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 317
La piece d'or suivante avec le meme exergue que la
precedente se place a cote d'elle par ses legendes.
Au revers.— SECVKITAS AVGG. Licinius dans un
quadrige au pas a droite.
Audroit.— IMP. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Sa tete
lauree a droite. Cohen, 156 ; H. MVS. V.,
25649 ; 5 gr. 40 ; 20 m.m.
Ces deux pieces sont de Pespece du 60me de la livre
d'or qui etait couramment frappee dans les etats de
Licinius en 313, tandis que dans les etats de Constantin
le SOLIDUS etait deja plus frequemment emis ; des pieces
du type du 60me sortaient encore des ateliers de Constantin
pour etre echangees centre celles de Licinius.
CINQUIEME EMISSION.
Cette emission ne contient que des monnaies de Con-
stantin le Grand et de Licinius. Elle est done posterieure
a la guerre entre Licinius et Maximin qui fut suime de la
mort de ce dernier en Juin 313.32 Elle se termine avant
V elevation des Cesars, Crispus, Licinius II et Constantin II,
qui eut lieu le ler Mars 317,33 car elle ne contient pas de
monnaies des Cesars. Entre ces deux epoques, Avril
ou Juin 313 et le ler Mars 317, Patelier de Siscia
passa des etats de Licinius dans ceux de Constantin,
par suite de la guerre qui eut lieu entre ces deux em-
pereurs a la fin de Pannee 314.34 Cette guerre inter-
32 J. Maurice, E Atelier monetaire de Rome, Revue Numis-
matique, 1899, p. 461.
33 Id., E Atelier monetaire de Londres, Numismatic Chronicle,
1900, p. 134.
34 Lenain de Tillemont, t. iv., p. 1 62 ; Zosimi historiae, lib.
ii., cap. 20.
318 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
rompit a Siscia les emissions monetaires. En effet, tandis
que Ton frappait dans les ateliers situes dans les etats
de Constantin a Rome, a Tarragone, a Loudres, des mon-
naies d'un certain type avec la legende Soli Invicto Comiti
Aug. N. a la seule effigie de Tempereur dont ils de-
pendaient, 35 la contre-partie avait lieu a Thessalonica
qui appartenait a Licinius, ou des monnaies d'un type
analogue paraissaient avec la legende Tom Conservatori
Aug., f rappees au nom et a 1'effigie de Licinius seul.36
Si Tatelier de Siscia, situe dans les etats de Licinius lors
de la declaration de guerre, etait reste ouvert pendant les
hostilites, il eut emis des monnaies analogues a celles de
Thessalonica dont il vient d'etre question. Mais au con-
traire on ne trouve que des series paralleles de pieces de
Constantin et de Licinius sorties vers cette epoque de
1'atelier de Siscia. Get atelier fut done ferme pendant la
guerre ; et ce fait jette un jour nouveau sur la campagne
de Constantin. Get empereur venant d'ltalie, livrant sa
premiere bataille a Cibales, dut faire suivre a son armee la
grande voie qui venant d'Aquilee traversait la Pannonie 37
en passant par Noviodunum et Siscia, dont Fatelier se trouva
ferme par le passage des troupes ennemies des le debut
des hostilites, ce qui explique la suspension des frappes de
cet atelier pendant la guerre. Constantin apres sa victoire
de Cibales jeta un pont sur la Save38 et la traversant, pour-
suivit Licinius en Thrace, ou eut lieu la derniere bataille
35 J. Maurice, Revue Numismatique, 1899, p. 467, et 1900,
p. 287.
s6 La collection du colonel Yoetter fournit a cet egard un
ensemble de pieces des plus importants.
37 Eutrope (lib. x., cap. 5) parle de combats preliminaires
en Pannonie.
38 Zosimi historiae, lib. ii., caput xix.
319
de cette guerre (in campo Mardiense) 39 entre Philippo-
polis et Hadrianopolis.40
II ne s'approcha pas de la Macedoine ou 1'atelier de
Thessalonica, situe au sud de la province, tres loin du
theatre de la guerre, n'emit que des monnaies de Licinius
jusqu'au moment du traite de paix qui le livra a Con-
stantin.
II resulte de ces explications qu'il faut changer, ainsi
que 1'a deja fait remarquer 0. Seeck,41 dans le texte de
1'Anonymus Yalesii, v., 17 (Misit (Licinius) legatos ad
Constantinum apud Philippwri), le mot de Philippum en
Philippopolis, ou Constantin se trouvait avant la bataille
de Mardie.
L'emission dont la description va suivre se divise en
deux parties qui presentent a Siscia les memes series
monetaires. Mais la premiere partie de remission fut
f rap pee avant la guerre de 314, qui debuta en Septembre
de cette annee ; 42 tandis que la seconde partie est pos-
terieure a cette guerre et ne peut etre datee d'une facon
certaine que du ler Janvier 315, jour de la prise en com-
mun du consulat par Licinius et Constantin, ev£nement
qui temoigne officiellement de leur reconciliation.
Les monnaies de bronze frappees avant et apres la
fermeture de 1'atelier pendant la guerre sont les memes,
seulement le poids de ces pieces dut etre uniformement
abaisse apres la guerre, Patelier de Siscia se trouvant des
39 Anonymus Valesii, v., 17.
40 Zos. hist., ii., xix. ; 0. Seeck a etabli ce point dans Ge-
schichte des Unter gangs der antihen Welt, Berlin, 1897, p. 161 ;
AnmerUungen, p. 503.
41 0. Seeck, meme passage.
42 J. Maurice, IS Atelier de Tarragone, Revue Numismatique,
1900, p. 285.
320 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
lors dans les etats de Constantin, ou etait emis le denier
de bronze du poids moyen de 3 gr. 50 c. II serait
inutile de repeter deux fois la description des meme pieces
frappees aux deux epoques successives, Ton peut con-
siderer comme composant la seconde partie de remission les
pieces de Faspect et du poids moyen du denier de bronze.
PREMIERE SERIE.
Avec les lettres d'officines et exergues —
IA IB r A ie
SIS SIS SIS SIS SIS
On trouve —
Au revers.— IOYI CONSEEYATOEI ; avec Jupiter nu,
debout & gauche, le manteau sur 1'epaule
gauche, tenant une victoire sur un globe et
appuye sur un sceptre; a ses pieds a gauche
un aigle tenant une couronne en son bee.
Audroit. 1.— IMP. CONSTANTINYS P.P. AYG. Sa
tete lauree a droite ; piece inexactement decrite
dans Cohen, 289 ; PE. 14695 ; BE. MYS. ; H.
MYS. V. [PI. XV., No. 11.]
2. Meme legende. Son buste laure et drape a droite ;
piece inedite ; Voetter.
3. IMP. CONSTANTINYS AYG. ^Sa tete lauree a
droite ; piece inexactement decrite dans Cohen,
288; PE. 14692; 3 gr. 60; 21 m.m. ; id.,
14693-94.
4. IMP. LIC. LICINIYS P.P. AYG. Sa tete lauree
a droite. Cohen, 67 ; PE. 14141 ; Musee
Brera; 20 m.m. ; Yoetter. [PI. XV., No. 12.]
5. Meme legende. Son buste laure et drape a droite.
Cohen, 67. Yoetter.
6. IMP. LICINIYS P. P. AYG. Sa t&e lauree 4
droite. Cohen, 73; PE. 14229; 3 gr. 45 ; 21
m.m.; 14137; 3 gr. 10; 20 m.m. ; BE. MYS.;
H. MYS. Y.
I/ ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 321
Les Nos- 1, 2 et 3 de Constantin ont ete frappes pa-
rallelement avec Nos- 4, 5 et 6 de Licinius. Les types
et les legendes au droit de ces pieces sont analogues.
La .piece d'or suivante rentre dans cette serie par sa
lettre dans le champ et son exergue.
Avec
SIS
Au revers. — 10 VI CONSEEVATOEL Jupiter nu,
debout a gauche, le manteau sur Tepaule gauche,
tenant un globe et un sceptre ; a ses pieds d
droite un aigle tenant une couronne en son bee.
Au droit. — CONSTANTINVS P.F. AYG. Sa tete
lauree d droite. Cohen, 281 ; FR. 1525 ; 4 gr.
97 ; 18 m.m.
On peut egalement ranger dans cette serie par son
exergue —= la piece d'or suivante.
Aurevers.— VIETVS EXEECITVS GALL. Mars nu,
le manteau flottant, marchant a droite, portant
un trophee et une haste transversale, entre deux
vaincus assis d ses pieds.
Au droit.— CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVGK Sa tete
lauree a droite. Cohen, 702; FE. 1551 ; 4 gr.
37; 19 m.m. Solidus.
L'atelier devait etre, qnand fut frappee cette piece,
dans les mains de Constantin en 315. Le SOLIDUS etait
alors emis dans les etats de Constantin. La legende du
revers prend un sens si Ton tient compte de ce que cette
piece parut a la suite de la victoire remportee par Con-
stantin sur Licinius, victoire due sans doute en grande
partie aux legions des Gaules. Le N0> 703 de Cohen est
une piece pareille a celle qui vient d'etre decrite, mais sans
captifs aux pieds de Mars; FK. 1552; 4 gr. 75; 18 m.m.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. U U
322 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
DEUXIEME SERIE.
Avec les lettres d'efficines et exergues —
I A ]B |r i A re
SIS • • SIS • • SIS • • SIS • • SIS
On trouve —
I. Au rwers.—IQYL CONSEEVATOEI. Cette legends
accompagnee du meme type du revers que dans
la serie precedente.
Au droit. 1,— IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVGK Sa
tete lauree a droite. Cohen, 289. C'est le No.
1 de la serie precedente; FK. 14696-14698;
3 gr. 72 ; 21 m.m. ; BE. MVS. ; H. MVS. V.
2. IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Meme tete. Cohen,
288. C'est le No. 3 de la serie precedente ;
Voetter.
3. IMP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Sa tete lauree
a droite. Cohen, 67. C'est le No. 4 de la serie
precedente; FE. 14144; BE. MVS.
La piece d'argent suivante fait partie de cette serie
a raison de son revers.
I A
On trouve-—
II. Au revers.— 10 VI CONSEEVATOEI. Jupiter a demi-
nu, debout a gauche, tenant une victoire sur un
globe et appuye sur un sceptre, a ses pieds a
gauche un aigle tenant une couronne en son bee.
Au droit.— IMP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Sa tete
lauree a droite. Cohen, 65 ; FE. medaillon, 124.
C'est la piece du 96me a la livre ; pese 3 gr. 65 ;
21 m.m.
L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 323
SIXTEME EMISSION.
Cette emission fut frappee entre le ler Mars 317 et le
debut, de 320.
En effet elle est caracterisee par Fapparition des
monnaies des Cesars, Crispus, Constantin II et Licinius II,
dont 1' elevation a ce rang eut lieu le lerMars 317.43 D'autre
part on ne trouve sur les series monetaires de cette
emission ni les YOTA Y des Cesars ni les VOTA XV et
XX des Augustes, dont la frappe commence au d£but
de 320.44
Les legendes des monnaies de cette emission a Siscia —
Soli Invicto Comiti pour Constantin, lovi Conservatori
pour Licinius, Principia luventutis et Claritas Reipul-
licae pour les Cesars — ont e*te frappees en meme temps a
Rome et dans la plupart des ateliers de 1'empire. En
meme temps que ces legendes, Fon frappait, egalement
ainsi que j'ai deja euToccasion de lefaire remarquer dans
une etude sur Patelier de Londres, la legende Victoriae
Laetae Princ. Per p. Les monnaies de bronze qui vont
etre decrites sont de Tespece du denier de bronze cree par
Constantin en 314 et 315 et dont le poids moyen est de
3 grammes 50 c., le diametre de 19 a 20 m.m.
PREMIERE SERIE.
Avec les exergues —
ASIS BSIS rsis ASIS esis
43 J. Maurice, I? Atelier monetaire de Londres, Num. Chron.,
1900, pp. 134, 135.
44 Id., L> Atelier monetaire de Rome, Revue Numismatique, 1899,
p. 476.
32 4 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
I. Au revers.— SOLI INYICTO COMITL Le Soleil
radie a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant a
gauche, levant la droite et tenant un globe.
Audroit. 1.— IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVGK Son buste
laure et drape a droite, egalement avec le buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 530 ; Voetter.
2. CONSTANTINVS IYN. NOB. CAES. Son buste
laure et drape a droite. Cohen, 1 84 ; FE. 15813 ;
3 gr. 25 ; 20 m.m. [PI. XV., No. 13.]
II. Au revers. — 10 VI CONSEEVATOEI. Jupiter nu
debout a gauche, tenant une victoire sur un
globe et un sceptre; a ses pieds a gauche un
aigle tenant une couronne en son bee.
Audroit.— IMP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Sa
tete lauree a droite. Cohen, 67 ; FE. 14138 ;
Voetter.
III. Au revers.— PEINCIPIA IVVENTVTIS. Le prince
casque, en habit militaire, debout a droite,
appuye sur un bouclier et tenant une haste
renversee.
Au droit. 1.— CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste laure
et drape a droite. Cohen, 105 ; Voetter.
2. CEISPVS NOB. CAESAE. Meme buste. Cohen,
106; FE. 15467; 3 gr. 25 ; 20 m.m. [PI. XVI.,
No. 1.]
3. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Buste analogue.
Piece inedite. Voetter.
IV. Au revers.— CLAEITAS EEIPVBLICAE. Le Soleil
radio, a demi-nu, debout de face, regardant a
gauche, levant la droite et tenant un globe.
Au droit. — CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. CAES.
Son buste laure et drape a droite. Cohen, 50 ;
FE. 15637 ; 3 gr. 50 ; 20 m.m. ; Voetter.
Les pieces qui vont suivre avec les legendes Victoriae
et Viet. Laetae Princ. Perp. ont etc frappees de 320 & 324 ;
en effet on les trouve dans toutes les series de remission
L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 825
qui parut de 320 a 324. J'ai demontre toutefois dans
mon etude sur Tatelier de Londres qu'elles furent egale-
ment frappees de 317 £ 320.45
On trouve —
V. Au revere.— VICTOEIAE LAETAE PEINC. PEEP.,
et comme type, deux victoires debout posant
un bouclier sur un autel ; celle qui est a gauche
a ecrit VOT. P.E. sur le bouclier.
Au droit. 1.— IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Son
buste cuirasse a droite avec le casque laure.
Cohen, 636 ; FE. 15051 ; au revers avec un
point sur 1'autel H ; BE. MVS.
2. Meme legende. Son buste casque et cuirasse" a
gauche, tenant une haste et un bouclier. Sur le
casque a cimier des etoiles. Cohen, 637; FE.
15056. [PI. XVI., No. 2.]
3. Meme legende. Son buste casque et cuirasse a
gauche, tenant une haste seulement. Cohen,
638; Voetter.
4. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Son buste
cuirasse a droite avec le casque laure. Cohen,
639; FE. 15076; sur 1'autel au revers ^,
15081; 3 gr. 2; 18 m.m. ; rien sur 1'autel;
Voetter.
5. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. CAESAE. Son buste laure
et cuirasse a gauche avec un sceptre ou une
haste et un bouclier ; avec la lettre IJ] sur 1'autel
au revers. Inedite. Voetter.
6. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Son buste
laure, drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 222 ;
FE. 15823 ; 3 gr. 25 ; 19 m.m. ; BE. MVS.
7. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Son buste laure et
drape, ou drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 54 ;
FE. 14427. R sur 1'autel au revers. BE.
MVS.
45 J. Maurice, IS Atelier monetaire de Londres, Num. Chron.,
1900, p. 138.
326 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
VI. Au revers.—VICT. LAETAE PEINC . PEEP. Deux
victoires debout, posant sur un autel un bouclier,
sur lequel celle qui est placee a gauche a ecrit
VOT. P.E.
Audroit. 1.— CONSTANTINVS -AVGK Son buste
casque et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 569 ; FE.
15033, 15037; T. ; BE. MVS.; Voetter. Avec
El et HJ46 a la face anterieure de 1' autel ou
rien.
2. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVGK Son buste
casque et cuirasse a droite avec le casque laure.
Cohen, 572 ; FE. 15042.
3. IMP. LICINIYS AVG. Sa tete lauree a droite.
Cohen, 170; FE. 14314; devant 1'autel ||J ou
GJ ; BE. MVS. [PI. XVI., No. 3.]
4. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. C. Son buste laure et drape
a droite. Cohen, 140; T.
Je n'ai pas vu les pieces des autres Cesars.
DEUXIEME SERIE.
Avec les signes et lettres d' exergues —
ASIS BSIS rsis ASIS esis
On trouve :
I. Au revers— SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Avec le type
decrit plus haut.
Au droit.—TKP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Son
buste laure et drape a droite. Cohen, 536; FE.
14932; 2gr. 95; 18 m.m. ; 14933.
46 L'explication de ces lettres n'a pas encore ete donnee.
II me semble qu'elles constituent sans auctm doute 1'exergue
de Siscia que forment les lettres S — I — S, qui se trouvent sur
plusieurs pieces qui forment un sigle et qui terminent des
points • •
327
II. Au revers. — CLABITAS KEIPVBLICAE. Avec le
type decrit plus haut avec cette legende.
Au droit.-IM.-p. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Piece inedite.
Voetter.
La piece d'or suivante se classe dans cette emission
par la legende et son exergue r-^r ; les lettres d'officines
n'etaient generalement pas frappees sur les monnaies d'or.
Au revers. — SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Le Soleil
radie a demi-nu debout a gauche, levant la
droite et tenant de la main gauche un globe et
un f ouet ; a ses pieds un captif assis, les mains
liees derriere le dos.
Au droit.-IM.-p. CONSTANTINVS MAX. AVG. Sa
tete radiee a droite. Cohen, 517, or; collection
de M. de Quelen ; Cohen.
C'est la premiere apparition du titre de Maximus
Augustus de Constantin, ainsi que du type de la tete
radiee sur les monnaies de Siscia.
SEPTIEME EMISSION.
Frappee depuis P apparition sur les monnaies des Vota
XV de Constantin et des Vota V des Cesarsy c'est a dire
depuis le debut de l\anme 320,47 jusqu'd Selection de
Constantius II Ctsar le 8 Novemlre 324. On ne trouve
pas en effet de pieces a 1'effigie de ce prince dans cette
emission, qui comprend huit series de monnaies avec des
47 Cf. J. Maurice, IS Atelier monetaire de Home, Revue
Numumatique, 1899, p. 476 et seq. Les Yota V des Cesars ont
ete frappes en meme temps que les Vota XV de Constantin,
c'est a dire des 1'annee 320, et Panniversaire de 1' elevation des
Cesars tombe le ler Mars.
328 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
exergues differents. Les trois dernieres series avec les
et
pas de monnaies des Licinius pere et fils. Si ce fait
est certain, ainsi que je le pense, il en resulte qu'elles
ont ete emises pendant la guerre entre Constantin
et Licinius, qui dechira Pempire pendant la seconde
moitie de 1'annee 324 et se termina par la defaite et la
reddition de Licinius dechu de son rang d'empereur.48
L'atelier de Siscia, se trouvanfc dans les etats de Constantin,
suspendit la frappe des monnaies de ses adversaires,
mais continua celle de plusieurs series de pieces de Con-
stantin et de ses fils jusqu'a P elevation de Constantius II
C£sar, qui marque le debut d'une autre emission au 8
Novembre 324.
PREMIERE SERIE.
Avec les exergues suivants —
ASIS BSIS rsis ASIS esis
On doit classer ici d'abord toutes les monnaies avec les
legendes du revers :
I. YICTOEIAE LAETAE PEINC. PEEP, et
II. VICT. LAETAE PEINC. PEEP.
48 La premiere bataille, celle d'Andrinople, est du 3 Juillet
324. Licinius passe le Bosphore. Constantin le poursuit et
le bat une seconde fois a Chalcedoine le 18 Septembre 324
(0. Seeck, Geschichte des Unter gangs der antiken W^elt. Berlin,
1897, pages 178 et 181).
L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 329
qui ont ete decrites dans remission precedente ; 49 ensuite
on trouve :
III^Au revers.— D.N. LICINI AYGYSTI. Autour d'une
couronnede laurier dans laquelle on lit VOT.XX.
Au droit.— IMP. LIOINIVS AVG. Sa tete lauree &
droite. Cohen, 15 ; FE. 14097.
IV. Au revers.— D. N. LICINI MAX. AVG. Avec le
meme type.
Au droit.— IMP. LICINIYS AYG. Meme tete. Cohen,
18; Voetter.
V. Au revers. — LICINI AYGYSTI. Autour des mots
YOTIS XX, en trois lignes dans le champ.
Au droit.— IMP. LICINIYS AYG. Meme tete. Cohen,
136 ; FE. 14249; 2 gr. 95 ; 19 m.m.
YI. Au revers. — D. N. CONSTANTINI MAX. AYG.
Autour d'une couronne de laurier dans laquelle
on lit YOT. XX.
Au droit.— CONSTANTINYS AVG. Sa tete lauree a
droite. Cohen, 123; Voetter; avec 1' exergue
eis 8eulement-
VII. Au revers. — CAESAEVM NOSTEOKVM. Autour
d'une couronne de laurier dans laquelle on lit
VOT. V.
Au droit. 1.— IVL. CEISPYS NOB. C. Sa tete lauree
a droite'. Cohen, 34 ; FE. 15387 ; BE. MVS. ;
Voetter.
49 II etait inutile de reproduire ici cette liste de pieces qui
est exactement la meme que dans 1'emission precedente. De
meme pour les series qui suivent je renvoie aux descriptions de
remission precedente. Lorsque les pieces indiquees auront
deja ete decrites dans cet article, je n'indiquerai plus que leurs
Nos. dans Cohen, si elles y figment.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. X X
330 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
2. CONSTANTINVS IYN. NOB. C. Sa tete lauree
a droite. Cohen, 31 ; FE. 15595 ; BE. MVS. ;
Voetter.
3. LICINIYS IVN. NOB. C. Sa tete lauree a droite.
Cohen, 5 ; FE. 14347 ; BE. MVS.
DEUXIEME SERIE.
Avec les exergues —
ASIS • BSIS • rsis • ASIS • esis •
On trouve —
I. An revers.— VICTOEIAE LAETAE PEINC. PEEP.
Avec le type deja decrit.
Audroit. 1.— IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Cohen,
636 ; Voetter.
2. Meme legende. Cohen, 637 ; FE. 15055-56 ; Voetter.
3. Meme piece, mais avec le monogramme ^ sur le
casque. Voetter.51 [PI. XVI., No. 4.]
Le monogramme n'apparait sur les monnaies de Tar-
ragone, Thessalonica, Aquilee et Treves, qu'avec la
legende Virtus Exercit. et les VOT. XX des Augustes52
de 320 a 324.
On le trouve a Siscia avec la legende Victorias Laetae
Princ. Perp., qui parut des Tannee 317.
50 Parfois un point se trouve egalement entre la lettre
d'officine et le sigle de 1'atelier, SIS.
51 Publie dans 0. Voetter, Erste ChristUche Zeichen a. R.
Miinzen, Num. Zeitschrift, 1892, p. 68.
53 J. Maurice, L } Atelier monetaire de Tarragone, Revue
Numismatique, 1900, p. 300.
331
II n'en faudrait pas conclure que le monogramme fut
frappe des 1'annee 317 a Siscia. En effet la meme serie
monetaire qui contient cette legende fut emise egalement
de 320 a 324 et presente les YOT. XX des Augustes avec la
legende Virtus Exercit. II y a done tout lieu d'admettre
que le monogramme parut a Siscia en meine temps que
dans les autres ateliers, c'est a dire des 1'annee 320. J'ai
demontre dans mon etude de Fatelier de Tarragone que
1' apparition du monogramme coincidait avec une accen-
tuation nouvelle de la politique religieuse de Constantin.63
3. Meme piece avec 1'empereur a cheval represente sur
le bouclier. Coll. Voetter. Madden indique
dans ' ' Christian Emblems on Coins of Constan-
tine I" 1'existence du monogramme sur cette
piece d'apres plusieurs sources.54
4. Meme legende. Son buste casque et cuirasse a gauche
avec un casque a cimier, orne de points et
d'etoiles. Cohen, 638 ; Voetter.
5. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Cohen, 639
FK. 15068 ; 3 gr. 13 ; 20 m.m. ; 15069 ; 15083
Voetter, avec J*J |TJ |s| sur 1'autel au revers
egalement |^-
6. IMP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AVG. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 173 ; Voetter;
Musee Brer a.
7. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste laure et
drape a droite. Piece inedite. Voetter [•].
8. CEISPVS NOB. CAESAE. Son buste laure, drape
et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 148; FE. 15510-
11.
53 Id., p. 299.
54 Num. Chron., 1877, pp. 46, 47. Parmis <jes sources, Gar-
rucci, Numism. Const., et Baronius, Annales, sont pen sures.
Tanini dans le supplement a Banduri, Numism.
est plus digne de confiance.
332 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
9. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Son buste laure,
drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 54 ; FE.
14426.
10. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Buste
analogue. Cohen, 222; FE. 15823; Yoetter.
II. Au revers.— VICT. LAETAE PEINC. PEEP. Avec
le type deja decrit.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINYS AVGK Cohen, 569;
deja decrit ; Yoetter.
2. IMP. LICINIVS AVGK Cohen, 170; deja decrit;
BE. MVS. ; H. MVS. V. ; Yoetter.
3. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. C. Son buste laure et drape
a droite. Cohen, 140; Yoetter; d'apres Cohen,
[3 et fsl sur 1'autel.
4. CONSTANTINVS IYN. NOB. 0. Son buste laure
et drape a droite. Cohen, 192, dit N. C. par
erreur ; collection M. Lalaune a Bordeaux.
III. Au revers.— YIETYS EXEECIT. Cohen, 693 ;
decrit ; II. MVS. V. ; presente au revers
S F
B
Madden55 indique le monogramme sur cette piece
d'apres Garrucci. Je ne repeterai pas, pour les series qui
vont suivre, les descriptions des monnaies qui reapparais-
sent dans chaque serie, j'indiquerai simplement les Nos.
de Cohen.
TROISIEME SERIE.
Avec les exergues —
• ASIS • • BSIS • • rsis • • ASIS • • esis •
55 Madden, foe. cit., Num. Chron., 1877, p. 53, d'apres
Garrucci, Num. Const., 2me edit., p. 240 ; egalement Revue
Numismatique, 1860, p. 85.
L' ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 333
Parfois Ton trouve un point entre la lettre d'officine et
1'exergue :
I. Au revers.— YICTOEIAE LAETAE PEINC. PEEP.
Avec le type deja decrit.
Au droit. 1.— IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVG. Cohen,
636 ; BE. MYS.
2. Cohen, 637; BE. MYS.; Yoetter.
3. Cohen, 638 ; Yoetter.
4. IMP. CONSTANTINYS P. AVG. Cohen, 639 ;
Turin.
II. Au revers.— YICT. LAETAE PEINC. PEEP. Meme
type du revers.
Au droit. 1. -CONSTANTINYS AYG. Cohen, 569;
FE. 15035; BE. MVS.
2. Meme legende. Son buste cuirasse a gauche avec un
casque & cimier et orne d'etoiles, tenant une
haste et un bouclier. Cohen, 570 ; FE. 15036 ;
3 gr. 10; 18 m.m. ; Yoetter.
3. IMP. CONSTANTINVS P.F. AYG. Cohen, 572 ;
FE. 15041; egalement a 1' exergue, -p — Lyg ;
BE. MYS.
4. IMP. LICINIYS AYG. Cohen, 170; FE. 14313,
sur 1'autel |H ; BE. MYS. ; Yoetter.
5. IMP. LIC. LICINIVS P.F. AYG. Cohen, 173;
FE. 14315, sur 1'autel Q.
6. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Son buste laure"
et drape a droite. Cohen, 1 92, rectifie plus haut ;
Yoetter ; sur 1'autel [»j et [sj
7. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. CAES. M£me
buste. Cohen, 191 ; FE. 15817 ; 3 gr. 60 ; 18
m.m.
8. IYL. CEISPYS. NOB. C. Cohen, 140, deja decrit ;
Yoetter. -
334 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
9. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. C. Son buste laure et drape
a droite. Cohen 51 ; FE. 14314 ; Voetter. Au
revers sur 1'autel 171 et HJ.
10. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Meme buste. Piece
inedite. Voetter. Au revers sur 1'autel 171
III. Au revers.— CAESAEVM NOSTEOEVM. Autour de
. VOTiS . V . dans le champ.
Au droit. 1.— LICINIVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Sa tete
lauree a droite. Piece inedite. Voetter.
2. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Tete analogue. Piece
inedite. Voetter.
3. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Tete ana-
logue. Cohen, 35 ; Voetter.
IV. Au r evers. — LICINI AVGVSTI. Autour des mots
VOTIS XX, en trois lignes dans le champ.
Au droit.— IMP. LICINIVS AVG. Sa tete lauree a
droite. Cohen, 136; Voetter.
V. Au revers.— CONSTANTINI AVGVSTI. Autour des
mots VOTIS XX, en trois lignes dans le champ.
Au dm*.— CONSTANTINVS AVG. Sa tete lauree a
droite. Cohen, 86 ; BE. MVS. ; Voetter.
QUATRIEME SERIE.
Avec les exergues —
ASIS* BSIS* rsis* ASIS* esis*
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— VICTOEIAE LAETAE PEINC. PEEP.
Avec le type deja decrit.
Les lettres Q ou js] se trouvent frequemment sur
les autels dans toute cette serie ; je ne les indique que
pour les pieces sur lesquelles je les ai vues.
I/ ATELIER MONETAIRE DE STSCIA. 335
An droit. 1.— IMP. CONSTANTINVS AVGK Cohen,
636; FE. 15062 ; BE. MVS.
2. Meme legende. Son buste casque et cuirasse a droite.
Variete inedite de Cohen, 636 ; Voetter.
3. Meme legende. Cohen, 637 ; FE. 15054 ; sur le
bouclier on voit un cavalier (1'empereur au
galop) ; avec le monogramme sur le casque >)< ;
piece deja indiquee par Madden.56 fPl. XVI.,
No. 5.]
4. Meme legende. Cohen, 638 ; Voetter.
II. Au revers.— VICT. LAETAE PRINC. PEEP. Avec
le type deja decrit.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINVS AVG. Cohen, 569 ;
FE. 15033-34 ; Voetter; sur 1'autel au revers
parfois QJ ou |SJ.
2. Meme legende. Cohen, 570; deja decrit ; FE. 15035;
19 m.m. ; Voetter ; parfois sur 1'autel au revers,
ous.
3. Meme legende et meme type, mais tenant une
haste sans bouclier. Variete de Cohen, 570 ;
Voetter.
4. IMP. LICINIVS AVG. Cohen, 170; BE. MVS.
5. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. C. Cohen, 140; BE. MVS. ;
Voetter.
6. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. C. Son buste laure
et drape a droite. Piece inedite. Voetter.
7. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. C. Cohen, 51 ; FE.
14424; T. ; BE. MVS.
56 Madden, Christian Emblems on Coins of Comtantine /, Num.
Chron., 1877, p. 47. II y a deux formes du monogramme frap-
pees sur ces monnaies : 1° la forme ci-dessus % represented
egalement dans Madden, loc. cit. pi. I, No. 1 , qui semble vouloir
exprimer I(rycrovs), X(PUTTOS) ; cf. Madden, loc. cit. p. 301 ;
ensuite la forme >fc composee du X et du P qui est le mono-
gramme Constantinien a proprement parler et que le Colonel
Voetter a deja publie et represente dans la Numism. Zeit-
schrift, 1892, tafel II, Nos. 73, 75; voir plus haut pi. XVI,
No. 4.
336 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
III. Au revers. — CAESAEVM NOSTKOKVM. r Autour
d'une couronne de laurier dans laquelle on lit
VOT. Y.
Audroit. 1.— IVL. CEISPVS NOB. 0. Cohen 34;
BE. MVS. ; FR. 15388-90 ; 3 gr. 10 ; 19 m.m. ;
15391-93.
2. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. C. Cohen, 31 ;
BE. MVS. ; FE. 15596-97 ; 3 gr. ; 18 m.m.
3. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. C. Cohen, 5 ; BE. MVS. ;
FE. 14376; 3 gr. 60; 19 m.m. ; 14349.
IV. Au revers. — CAESAEVM NOSTEOEVM. Autour
d'une couronne de laurier dans laquelle on lit
VOT. X.
Audroit. 1.— CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. C. Sa
tete lauree a droite. Cohen, 38 ; BE. MVS. ;
Voetter.
2. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. C. Sa tete lauree a droite.
Cohen, 44 ; H. MVS. V. ; FE. 15409 ; Voetter.
V. Au revers. — D. N. CONSTANTINI MAX. AVGK
Autour d'une couronne de laurier dans laquelle
on lit VOT. XX.
Au dm*.— CONSTANTINVS AVG. Sa tete lauree £
droite. Cohen, 123 ; BE. MVS.; FE. 15532-33;
Voetter.
VI. Au revers.— D. N. LICINI AVGVSTL Autour d'une
couronne de laurier dans laquelle on lit VOT.
XX.
Au droit.—m~P. LICINIVS AVG-. Sa tete lauree a
droite. Cohen, 15 ; BE, MVS. ; T. ; Voetter.
On trouve au revers avec les lettres et signes suivants
la legende VIETVS EXEECIT.
SF SF S|F S I F S F
ASIS* B3IS* FSIS* ASIS* GSIS*
L' ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 337
SIF
SI F
HL, IK
EL,
ASIS* BSIS* rsis* ASIS* esis*
J'ai donne dans les Memoires des Antiquaires de
France*1 les raisons pour lesquelles il etait possible
que la lettre F dans le champ du revers des monnaies
put s'interpreter comme la premiere de Fadjectif Flavia-
nus tire du gentilice Flavins des empereurs ; la lettre S
indiquant un adjectif comme Securitas (Flaviana). —
Quant au signe HJ j'en proposerai 1'explication sui-
vante. Ce n'est pas la lettre H a cause du signe L
qui y est ajoute. D'ailleurs on n'y pourrait plus voir la
premiere lettre du nom de 'HpaicXr]?, car Maximien Her-
cule est mort depuis longtemps et Constantin et ses fils
ne se reclament nullement de sa descendance a Fepoque
ou nous sommes arrives. II semble qu'il s'agisse ici
d'un chiffre grec et que ce chiffre doive s'appliquer au poids
de la monnaie. On peut remarquer en effet que le chiffre
X du denier, frequent sur les pieces sorties des ateliers
d'Occident, ne se retrouve pas sur les deniers de Siscia.
D'autre part les chiffres les plus frequents dans la
numeration du poids des monnaies a cette epoque sont
2, 4, 8, 16. L'un de ces chiffres se trouve etre precise-
ment le H. Or nous savons par les Metrologicorum Scrip-
torum Reliquiae que le Cbrjvaptov) Constant inianum pese
quatre scripula et que 1'obole ('0^0X09), poids Romain de
cette epoque et plus petite unite monetaire Athenienne est
lamoitie du scripulum.58 II yen a done 8 dans un denier
67 Memoires des Antiquaires de France, 1900, p. 99.
58 Hultsch, Metrologicorum Scriptorum Reliquiae, Prolegomena
in Scriptores Graecos, t. i., pp. 98, 99 ; Index, t. ii.,
Prolegomena in Scriptores Romanos, t. ii., p. 131.
TOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. Y Y
338 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
de bronze comme ceux que nous etudions. Le chiffre
H = 8 se trouve des lors Justine sur les monnaies de
Siscia. Mais il y faut aj outer le signe ^ applique au
jambage droit de H; on peut y voir simplement le signe de
1' unite ou de Tobole qui est — ; dans lequel cas le crochet
est une deformation ou une accentuation de 1'extremite de
la barre transversale ; des deformations analogues se sont
produites sur les memes pieces avec Virtus Exercit.f® qui
ont fait voir une croix sur Tetendard du revers ou elle
n'existe pas. Quant a 1'utilite* du chiffire grec, il suffit
pour la prouver de remarquer que ces monnaies avaient
surtout cours en Orient et que les emissions de Siscia sont
surtout paralleles a celles d' Antioche 60 et d'Alexandrie.
On trouve —
VII. Au revers.— VIETVS EXEEOIT. Avec un Standard
au pied duquel sont deux captifs, celui de
droite retournant la tete, celui de gauche ayant
les mains liees derriere le dos.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINVS AVG. Son buste casque
et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 693; FR. 15104;
3 gr. 45; 20 m.m. ; 15123; BE. MVS. ; T.
[PI, XVI., No. 6.]
2. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite.
Voetter. Cohen, 689, donne un revers different.
3. IMP. LICINIVS AVGK Son buste casque et cuirasse
a droite. Cohen, 188; FE. 14329 et 14331;
BE. MVS.
4. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite.
Inedite. Voetter.
5. Meme piece avec le monogramme ^ dans le champ
a gauche. Voetter.
59 Madden rapporte les temoignages des anciens auteurs
a cet egard dans Christian Enihlems on Coins of Constantine I ;
Num. Chron., 1877, p. 257 et seq.
60 Voir plus haut pour Antioche.
L'ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCTA. 339
YELL Meme revers mais avec VOT. X sur 1'etendard.
A* droit. 1.— IVL. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a gauche tenant une haste et
un bouclier. Cohen, 166; FE. 15521; 3 gr.
15; 19m.m. ; 15522, 15523-24; BB. MVS.;
H. MVS. V.
2. Meme legende. Son buste laure et drape a droite.
Piece inedite. Voetter.
3. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. C. Son buste laure
et cuirasse a gauche tenant un globe surmonte
d'uce victoire et un sceptre. Cohen, 246;
FE. 15837, 15840 ; BE. MVS. ; T. [¥1. XVI,,
No. 7.]
4. LICINIVS IVN. NOB. CAES. Son buste laure a
gauche avec le manteau imperial, a mi-corps,
tenant un globe surmonte d'une victoire. Cohen,
62 ; FE. 14433 ; BE. MVS.
5. Meme legende. Son buste laure, drape et cuirasse a
gauche sans globe ni victoire. Piece inedite.
FE. 14434. Voetter.
IX. Meme revers mais avec VOT. XX sur 1'etendard, comme
sur les monnaies des Augustes. Ce sont en
effet les vota des Augustes qui sont frappes sur
les pieces des Cesars.
Au droit. 1.— LICINIVS IVN. NOB. C. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a gauche tenant un globe sur-
monte d'une victoire. Cohen, 64 ; le mono-
gramme au revers ^ ; Voetter.
2. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste laure et cuirasse
a gauche tenant une haste et un bouclier.
Cohen, 169. Col. Voetter. Quelquefois dans
le champ le monogramme ; Cohen.
3. IVL. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Son buste laure et
cuirasse a droite. Piece inedite. H. MVS. V.
Constantin fit frapper les signes chretiens comme le
monogramme, sur les monnaies des Licinius dans ses
ateliers de Siscia, de Thessalonica, etc., de meme que
Licinius fit encore inscrire les l^gendes paiennes sur les
340 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
monnaies a 1'effigie de Constantin pendant cette periods de
320 a 324 ou ces empereurs regnerent ensemble et en paix.
On pent placer dans cette eerie a cause de son exergue
et du YOT. XX qu'elle porte la piece d'or suivante —
oliS
X. Au revers.— GAVPIVM POPVLI EOMANI. Autour
d'une couronne de laurier dans laquelle on lit :
SIC XX, SIC XXX.
Au droit.— CONSTANTINVS P.F. AVG. Son buste
diademe et drape a droite. Cohen, 160, rectifie ;
BE. MVS.
Le SOLIDUS presente deja le dia metre plus grand, 22
millimetres, qui distingue les piece s des dernieres annees
du regne de Constantin.
CINQUIEME SERIE.
Avec les lettres d'officines, exergues, etc. —
S
S
HL,
F
On trouve —
I. Aurevers.— VIBTVS EXEECIT. Avec le type deja
decrit et VOT. XX sur 1'etendard.
Au droit. l.—CONSTANTINYS AVG. Cohen, 693;
BE. MVS. ; FE. 15111. [PI. XVI., No, 8.]
2. IMP. LICINIVS AVG. Cohen, 188; deja decrit;
BE. MVS.
3. Meme legende. Son buste laure et cuirasse a droite.
Voetter ; deja decrit.
61 Avec une roue a 1' exergue. Je ne compte de series dans
1'emission presente qu'autant qu'il y a d' exergues differents,
les lettres dans le champ et le signe ou chiffre HJ pouvant
donner lieu a des combinaisons diverses dans une meme
serie.
L' ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 341
II. Meme revers, mais avec VOT. X sur 1'etendard.
Au droit. 1.— IVL. CEISPVS NOB. CAES. Cohen,
166 ; FE. 15522 ; BE. MYS. ; H. MYS. V.
2. CONSTANTINYS IVN. NOB. C. Cohen, 246 ;
FE. 15838-39 ; 3 gr. 20; 19 m.m.
3. Variete de cette piece ou le buste ne tient pas de
sceptre. BE. MYS.
4. LICINIYS IYN. NOB. CAES. Cohen, 62 ; BE.
MYS.
SIXIEME SERIE.
Avec les exergues —
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— CAESAEYM NOSTEOEYM. Autour
d'une couronne de laurier dans laquelle on
lit YOT. X.
Au droit. 1.— IYL. CEISPYS NOB. C. Cohen, 44;
FE. 15408; 3 gr. 55; 18 m.m. [PI. XVI.,
No. 9] a 15413 ; BE. MYS. ; T.
2. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Cohen, 38 ;
15613; 15616-17-18; BE. MYS.
3. CONSTANTINYS AYG. Sa tete lauree a droite.
Cohen, 34; FE. 14490-91.
II. Au revers.— D. N. CONSTANTINI MAX. AYG. Autour
d'une couronne de laurier dans laquelle on lit
YOT. XX.
Au droit.— CONSTANTINYS AYG. Cohen, 123 ; FE.
14534 ; BE. MYS.
Cette serie ainsi que les deux suivantes ne contient, a
ma connaissance, aucune piece des deux Licinius pere
et fils. De plus on n'y trouve que les YOTA X des Cesars
342 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
et non leurs VOTA V. Si ces faits sont confirmed, il en
resulte que ces trois dernieres series, qui contiennent
de moins nombreuses sortes de monnaies que les prece-
dentes, ont ete frappees pendant la guerre entre Constantin
et Licinius.
SEPTIEME ET HUITIEME SERIES.
Avec les exergues suivants qui presentent le rameau
et le foudre.
BSIS/** TSIS^ ASIS^
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— CAESAEYM NOSTEOEYM. VOT. X
avec le type decrit.
Au droit. 1. — Constantin jeune. Cohen, 38; FE. 15615
et BE. MVS. avec le rameau ; collection Yoetter
et FE. 15612, pieces avec le foudre.
2. Crispus. Cohen, 44 ; collection Voetter avec le
rameau ; H. MYS. Y. et Yoetter, pieces avec le
foudre. [PL XVI., No. 10.]
II. Au revers.—V. N. CONSTANTINI MAX. AYG.
YOT. XX avec le type deja decrit.
Au droit. — Constantin le Grand. Cohen, 123; deja
decrit ; BE. MYS. et Yoetter, pieces avec le
rameau ; FE. 14535 et Yoetter, pieces avec le
foudre.
MONNAIES COMMEMORATIVES.
De petites pieces du type du Centenionalis commemora-
tives des trois empereurs Claude le Gothique, Constance
L* ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 343
Chlore pere de Constantin I et Maximien Hercule pere de
la seconde femme de Constantin, Fausta, furent frappees
dans tous les ateliers de 1' empire situes dans les etats de
Constantin entre les deux guerres qui eurent lieu entre ce
dernier et Licinius, c'est a dire de 314 et 324.62 Mais il
est difficile de savoir a quelles annees se rapportent ces
frappes au cours de cette longue periode. Hettner et le
Colonel Yoetter les ont attributes a 1'annee 323.63 Le
Colonel Yoetter y voit une sorte de position hostile prise
par Constantin en face de Licinius en etablissant sa
descendance de Claude le Gothique avant la guerre de
324. Des analogies d 'exergues avec les autres series
monetaires des emissions en cours en 1'annee 323 mi-
litent egalement en faveur de cette date, dont la deter-
mination n'est toutefois pas absolument certaine. Nean-
moins les exergues frappes a Aquilee AQS et • AQP * et
a Thessalonique TSA et • TS • A • semblent fixer cette
date.64 Ce qui n'est pas douteux c'est 1'intention de
Constantin de s'attribuer la descendance de Maximien
Hercule par sa femme et de Claude le Gothique par
son pere.65
62 Le Colonel Yoetter 1'a demontre dans son travail Ahnen-
miinzen Kaisers Constantins des grossen, paru dans les Mitthei-
lungen des Clubs der Miinz- und Medaillenfreunde in Wien,
1895.
63 T. Hettner, Romische Munzschatzfunde in den Rheinlanden,
Westd. Zeitschrift fur Geschichte u. Kunst, in Trier, 1887,
Jahrg. vi., p. 119. Yoetter, loc. cit.
64 J. Maurice, L1 atelier monetaire de Rome, Revue Numis-
matique, 1899, p. 471.
65 Un important travail de Klebs, Das dynastische Element
in der Geschichtschreibung der Rom. Kaiserzeit, paru dans la
Hist. Zeitochrift von Sybel, Miinchen, 1889, tome xxv.,
demontre que la descendance de Claude le Gothique fut deja
revendiquee par Constance Chlore pere de Constantin, ainsi
344 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Voici pour Siscia ces pieces que le Colonel Yoetter a
reunies pour tous les ateliers de Pempire.
ATeosis
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— EEQYIES OPTIMOEYM MEEITOEVM.
L'empereur assis a gauche sur une chaise curule,
levant la main droite et tenant un sceptre.
Au droit. 1.— DIYO CONSTANTIO PIO PEINCIPI.
Son buste laure et voile a droite. Cohen, 253 ;
Centenionalis ; Voetter.
2. DIYO CLAYDIO OPTIMO. IMP. Buste analogue.
Cohen, 245 ; Yoetter.
3. DIYO MAXIMIANO SEN. FOET. IMP. Buste
analogue ; piece inedite. Yoetter; FE. 13647;
1 gr. 70 ; 0-017 m.m. [PI. XVL, No. 11.]
II. Au revers.— EEQYIES OPTIMOE. MEEIT. Meme
type.
Au droit.— DIYO CONSTANTIO PIO PEINC. Sa
tete voilee a droite. Cohen, 250 ; Yoetter.
HUITIEME EMISSION.
Cette emission fut frappee depim le 8 Novembre 324 jus-
qu au milieu de Pannee 326. En effet elle contient dans toutes
ses series, des monnaies de Constantius, qui fut elu Ce'sar
le 8 Novembre 324 et d'autres de Crispus et de Fausta,
qu'en temoigne la genealogie de la maison de Constance
etablie par Trebellius Pollio au commencement du regne de
Constance Cesar. Le Panegyrique <V Ewnknd VII, cap. xiii,
prononcee en presence de Constantin lors de ses quinquen-
nalia en Juillet 311, lui prete ostensiblement la descendance
de Claude le Gothique. Cf. 0. Seeck, Geschichte des Unter-
gangs der antihen Welt, Berlin, 1897, pp. 108 et 109.
L* ATELIER MONETAIKE DE SISClA. 345
qui perirent le premier a la fin de Fete de 326, et rim-
peratrice Fausta peu de temps apres Crispus.66 De plus
une courte emission fut frappee en meme temps ou apres
celle-ei et avant la mort de Crispus, dont elle renferme
encore des medailles. Les monnaies de bronze de cette
courte emission sont reduites au poids moyen de 2
grammes 50 centigrammes, tandis que celles de remission
presenteront encore le poids originel du denier de bronze
de Constantin, 3 grammes 50 centigrammes. II ne fut
pourtant pas cree de nouvelle espece monetaire a cette
epoque, les textes n'en font aucune mention ; on reduisit
settlement le poids des deniers de bronze comme on avait
plusieurs fois reduit celui des folles.67 C'etait une con-
sequence des besoins du tresor a cette epoque que les
especes monetaires fussent tou jours reduites de poids,
apres avoir eu cours un certain temps. On frappa done
encore avant la mort de Crispus, que Ton peut fixer a la
fin d'Aout 326,68 une courte emission, composee de
66 J. Maurice, IS Atelier monetaire d'Antioche, Num. Chron.,
1899, p. 237.
67 II n'y a pour s'en convaincre qu'a examiner toutes les
emissions f rappees de 306 a 317.
68 Eien n'est venu infirmer le temoignage 'de Zosime
(Hist, ii., 29) qui dit que ce fut pendant le sejour de Con-
stantin a Eonie que perit Crispus. Mais j'ai demontre dans
mon etude de T atelier d'Antioche que ce fut a la fin de ce
sejour. Or la premiere indication de 1'eloignement de Con-
stantin de Eome est une loi du Code Theodosien, 1. xvi.,
tit. v., lex 2, qui le montre a Spolete le 25 Septembre, 326
(cf. 0. Seeck, d. Zeitfolge d. Gesetze Constantins : Zeitschrift
/. Rechtsgetchichte, 1889, p. 236). C'est done a la fin d'Aout
ou au debut de Septembre qu'il faut placer la date de la mort
de Crispus. Celle de Fausta suivit de pres (Victor, Epitome,
41, 11 ; Zosime, 11, 29). 0. Seeck donne la concordance
entre la Vita Sancti Artemii (Acta Sanctorum) et I Epitome
de Victor (cf. 0. Seeck, Die Verwandtenmorde Constantins d.
Grossen, Zeitschrift f. Wissenschaft. Theologie, 1890, p. 67).
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. Z Z
346 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
deniers de poids reduits, mais remission presente fut sus-
pendue peut-etre vers le mois de Juin 326.
PREMIERE SERIE.
Avec les exergues —
• ASIS • • BSIS • • rsis • • ASIS • • esis •
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— PEOYIDENTIAE AYGG. Une porte de
camp surmontee de deux tours ; au dessus une
etoile.
Au droit.— CONSTANTINYS AYG-. Sa tete lauree a
droite. Cohen, 454 ; BE. MYS. ; FE. 14790,
14792 ; Yoetter. Officines A— B— F.
II. Au revers.— PEOYIDENTIAE CAESS. Avec le meme
type.
Au droit. 1.— IYL. CEISPYS NOB. C. Sa tete lauree
a droite. Cohen, 120; BE. MYS.; Yoetter.
Officines A et e.
2. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Sa tete lauree a
droite. Cohen, 163; BE. MYS.; Yoetter.
Officine 6.
3. FL. IYL. CONSTANTIYS NOB. C. Son buste laure,
drape et cuirasse a gauche. Cohen, 167; FE.
16232; BE. MYS.; T. ; Yoetter. Officines A
et G.
III. Au revers.— SECYEITAS EEIPYBLICE. La Securite
voilee, debout a gauche, tenant un rameau
baisse et soutenant sa robe.
Au droit.— FL. HELENA AYGYSTA. Son buste
coiffe en cheveux et avec le diademe et drape
a droite, portant un collier de perles. Cohen,
12 et 13 ; FE. 13865-67. Musee Brera. Officines
r— e. [PL xvi., NO. 12.]
L* ATELIER MONETA1RE DE SISCIA. 347
IV. Au revers.— SPES EEIPVBLTCAE. L'imperatrice
debout a gauche tenant deux enfants dans ses
bras.69
MAX. FAVSTA AVG. Son buste
coiffe en cheveux et drape a droite. Cohen, 1 5 ;
FE. 15326-15328; 3 gr. 40; 18 m.m. ; BE.
MVS. ; Voetter. Officines A— B— A.
Les legendes Providentiae Augg. et Securitas Reipub-
lice n'ont etc* frappees a Siscia sur les monnaies de
Constantin et de Helene qu'apres la guerre de 324 et
Felevation de Constance II Cesar quand Ton emit les
monnaies de ce dernier prince et celles de Fausta
Augusta.
DEUXIEME SERIE.
Avec les exergues —
ASIS BSIS rsis ASIS esis
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— PEOVIDENTIAE AYGG. Porte de camp
surmontee de deux tours ; au dessus une etoile.
Au droit. — CONSTANTINVS AYG. Cohen, 454;
Yoetter.
II. Au revers.— PEOVIDENTIAE CAESS. Avec le meme
type.
69 Les enfants ne representent pas ceux de Fausta, mais
sont seulement 1'embleme de la fecondite de 1'imperatrice et
de 1'esperance de 1' empire. En effet Constant I, ne en 320 ou
-322, aurait bien ete un jeune enfant de 324 a 326, mais Con-
stantius II, ne en 317, aurait eu 7 ans en 324 et 9 ans en 326.
II est impossible qu'on 1'ait encore represerite a cette epoque
comme un enfant porte dans les bras de sa mere.
348 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Audroit. 1.— IVL. CEISPVS NOB. 0. Cohen, 120;
Voetter.
2. CONSTANTINVS IYN. NOB. C. Cohen, 163;
FE. 15764.
3. FL. IVL. CONSTANTIVS NOB. C. Cohen, 167;
Voetter.
III. Au revers.— SECVEITAS KEIPVBLICE. Avec le type
deja decrit.
Au droit.—J?L. HELENA AYGVSTA. Cohen, 12 et
13; FE. 13867.
IV. Au revers.— SPES EEIPVBLICAE. Avec le type deja
decrit.
Audroit.— FLAV. MAX. FAVSTA AVG. Cohen,
15; BE.MVS.
Les Vota XX de Constantin le Grand et les Vota X
des Cesars qui out deja etc f rappees de 320 a 324 se
montrent encore dans cette emission dans les series
suivantes. Ces Vota ne furent en effet accomplis (soluta)
qu'en 326 ; 70 a partir de cette date Constantin ne comp-
tera plus que ses Vota XXX, qui sont deja f rappees
anterieurement par anticipation.
TROISIEME SERIE.
Avec les exergues —
ASISQ BSISQ FSISQ ASISQ 6SISQ
7° En effet Constantin ne fut proclame Imperatcr par ses
troupes que le 25 Juillet 306.
Voir sur la frappe des Vota par anticipation mon article
eur 1' atelier de Eome; Revue Numismatiaue, 1899, p. 476 et
485.
L'ATELIER MOXETAIRE DE SISCIA." 349
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— D. N. CONSTANTINI MAX. AVG. Autour
d'une couronne de laurier, dans laquelle on lit
VOT. XX.
Au droit.— CONSTANTINV8 AVG. Sa tete lauree a
droite. Cohen, 123 ; FE. 14531 ; Voetter.
II. Au revers.— CAESAEYM NOSTEOEVM. Autour d'une
couronne de laurier, dans laquelle on lit
VOT. X.
Au droit. 1.— IVL. CEISPVS NOB. C. Sa tete
lauree a droite. Cohen, 44 ; Voetter.
2. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. C. Tete analogue;
Cohen, 38 ; Voetter.71
III. Au revers.— PEOVIDENTIAE AVGG. Avec le type
deja decrit.
Au droit.— CONSTANTINVS AVG. Cohen, 454.
IV. Au revers.— PEOVIDENTIAE CAESS. Avec le type
deja decrit.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. C. Cohen,
163; Voetter.
2. FL. IVL. CONSTANTIVS NOB. C. Cohen, 167;
Voetter.
3. Je n'ai pas vu la piece de Crispus ; Cohen, 120; qui
existe certainement dans cette serie.
V. Au revers.— SECVEITAS EEIPVBLICE. Type deja
decrit.
71 Je n'ai pas trouve de piece analogue de Constantius ;
peut etre n'a-t-on pas frappe les Vota sur ses monnaies a cette
epoque, ce prince n'ayant ete Cesar qu'en Novembre 324.
On aurait pu inscrire sur ses monnaies les Vota X de ses
coregents. Mais il n'y a pas de regie fixe a cet egard : par-
fois les empereurs portent les chiifres des Vota de leurs
coregents ; parfois ils ne les portent pas.
350 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Au droit.—F'L. HELENA AVGVSTA. Cohen, 12 et
13; Yoetter.
VI. Au revers.— SPES EEIPVPLICAE. Type deja decrit.
Audroit.-FLA.~V. MAX. FAVSTA AYG. Cohen, 15;
Yoetter.
QUATRIEME SERIE.
Avec les exergues —
L
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— D. N. CONSTANTINI MAX. AYG. Cou-
ronne de laurier, YOT. XX.
Au droiL— CONSTANTINYS AYG. Cohen, 123.
II. Au revers.— CAESAEYM NOSTEOEYM. Couronne de
laurier, YOT. X.
Audroit. 1.— IYL. CEISPYS NOB. C. Cohen, 44;
BE. MYS. ; H. MYS. Y.
2. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB, C. Cohen, 38 ; BE.
MYS. ; H. MYS. Y. ; FE. 15614. "
III. Au revers.— PEOYIDENTIAE AYGG. Type decrit.
Audroit. 1.— CONSTANTINYS AYG. Cohen, 454;
FE. 14788, 14791 ; 3 gr. 31 ; 18 m.m.
2. CONSTANTINYS MAX. AYG. Son buste diademe
et drape a droite. Cohen, 458 ; Yoetter.
IY. Au revers.— PEOYIDENTIAE CAESS. Type decrit.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Cohen,
163; BE. MYS; FE. 15765; Yoetter.
351
2. FL. IVL. CONSTANT1VS NOB. 0. Cohen, 167 ;
FB. 16231; 3 gr. 50; 18 m.m. ; 16233; BE,
MVS. ; Voetter. [PI. XVI., No. 14.]
3. Crispus, No. 120 de Cohen, doit se placer ici.
V. Au revers.— SECVBITAS EEIPVBLICE. Type decrit.
Au ' droit.— FL. HELENA AVGVSTA. Cohen, 12 et
13; BE. MVS. ; FE. 13868; Voetter.
NEUVIEME EMISSION.
Cette emission, f rappee pendant Vtte de 326, anterieure-
ment a la mort de Crispus, comprend un petit nombre de
pieces de Pespece du denier de bronze, mais reduites au
poids de 2 grammes 50 et quelques pieces de 1'espece du
Centenionalis. Posterieure probablement a la huitieme
emission, puisque ses deniers de bronze sont une reduc-
tion de ceux de cette emission, elle est au contraire
anterieure a la mort de Crispus, dont elle contient des
pieces et par suite au depart de Constantin de Eome,
qui eut lieu au debut de Septembre apres cette mort.
Le petit nombre des monnaies de cette emission fait pre-
sumer qu'elle dura peu de temps.
'•
PREMIERE SERIE — DENIERS DE BRONZE.
Les signes dans le champ du revers, quand il y en a,
sont places au dessus des noms d'empereurs, 1'exergue en
dessous.
On trouve —
Q
I. Avec ^
Au revers.— CONSTANTINVS AVG. En trois lignes
dans le champ.
Au droU.—S-ans legende. Tete lauree de Constantin I
a droite. Cohen, 110; Voetter.
352 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
On trouve —
II. Avec 1' exergue
esis
Au revere.— CEISPYS CAESAE. En deux lignes dans
le champ.
Au droit. — Sans legende. Buste de Crispus laure,
drape et cuirasse a gauche. Variete de Cohen
60 ; Voetter.
III. Avec le meme exergue
Au m-*ro.— CONSTANTIYS CAESAE. En trois lignes
dans le champ.
Au droit. — Sans legende. Son buste laure, drape et
cuirasse a gauche. Cohen, 20 j Yoetter.
IV. Avec
Au revers. — CONSTANTINYS CAESAE. En trois
lignes dans le champ.
Au droit. — Sans legende. Son buste laure, drape et
cuirasse a gauche. Cohen, 83 ; Yoetter.
DEUXIEME SERIE,
Pieces de 1'espece du Centenionalis avec 1'etoile dans
le champ et 1'exergue suivant : -
felb
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— CONSTANTINYS CAESAE. En trois
lignes dans le champ.
Au droit. — Sans legende. Son buste laure, ou diademe,
drape et cuirasse a gauche. Cohen, 86 ; FE.
14655 ; 1 gr. 30 ; 16 m.m. ; H. MYS. Y.
II. Au revers.- CEISPYS CAESAE. En deux lignes dans
le champ.
Au droit. — Son buste diademe et cuirasse a droite.
Cohen, 60 ; FE.
I/ ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 353
Avec Pexergue - ; on trouve la piece d'or suivante.
blO
IIL AH revers.— CONSTANTINVS AVG. Victoire marchant
a gauche tenant une palme et une couronne.
Au droit. — Buste diademe de Constantin I a droite,
sans legende. Cohen, 97 ; H. MYS. V.
Une piece toute semblable, a part la difference d'exer-
gue, a ete frappee a Constantinople, et d'autres a Tar-
ragone de 324 a 326, date de fermeture de 1'a teller de
Tarragone.
DIXIEME EMISSION.
A partir du mois de Septembre 326, I'atelier de Siscia
resta longtemps ferine. En effet ses frappes cesserent
avec 1'apparition des dernieres pieces de Crispus et de
Fausta ; et lorsque de nouvelles series monetaires sortirent
de ses officines, elles contenaient des monnaies de Constans I
elu Cesar le 25 Decembre 333. Pendant le temps oil
cet atelier etait ferme, Constantinople avait ete solen-
nellement consacree comme capitale de P empire par les
fetes de 1' inauguration le 11 Mai 330 ; 72 et depuis cette
72 Idat. de Fast. : " Grallicano et Symmacho, His conss. dedi-
cata est Constantinopolis die V Idus Maias," confirme par le
Chronicon Paschale, Hesych. Miles., Cassiodore, qui place cette
dedicace dans la 24 annee de Constantin.
II ne faut pas confondre 1' inauguration ou la dedicace de la
ville avec 1'epoque ou elle regut le nom de Constantinopolis. Le
Colonel 0. Yoetter a demontre que la ville portait le nom de
Constantinopolis qui etait frappe sur les exergues des mon-
naies depuis I' annee 326 (0. Voetter, Munzen d.
GO.N o
Kaiserinnen Fausta und Helena, Numism. Gesellschaft in Wien,
24 Nov. 1897). J'ai pu meme reporter a 1* annee 324 ce bap-
teme de Constantinople, mais 1'inauguration fut f aite avec une
grande solennite le 1 1 Mai 330 et ce fut a partir de Tinaugura-
tion que la legende Constantinopolis fut frappee avec I'efngie
de la ville au droit des monnaies.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. 3 A
354 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
I
date les legendes Urbs Roma et Constant inopolis etaient
frappees au droit des monnaies, comme le prouvent les
Emissions de Rome, d' Aries, de Treves,73 aussi ces legendes
se montrent dans la premiere emission qui recommenca a
etre frappee a Siscia en 333. Les monnaies de bronze de
cette emission sont des deniers de la variet£ reduite a
des poids ne depassant pas 2 grammes 50 c. ; qui avait
deja e"te frappee en 326.
Cette dixieme emission fut done frappee entre V election de
Constant Cesar le 25 Decembre 333 et celle de Delmatius,
elu Cesar lelS Decembre 335, dont les monnaies riy parais-
sent pas encore.
Avec les exergues —
ASIS BSIS rsis ASIS esis
On trouve —
I. Au revert.— GLOEIA EXEECITVS. Deux soldats
debout, casques, chacun tenant une haste et
appuyant sur un bouclier, entre eux deux en-
seignes militaires surmontes de drapeaux ornes
de couronnes.
Au droit. 1.— CONST ANTINVS MAX. AVGK Son
buste diademe, drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen,
73 Cf. 1. J. Maurice, L* Atelier monetaire de Rome, Revue
Numismatique, 1899, pp. 338 et 461 et seq.
2. 0. Voetter, JSrste christliche Zeichen auf romischen
Munzen.
3. Numis. Zeitschrift, 1892, tableau de Fatelier d'Arles;
T. Hettner, Romische Miinzschatzfunde in den Rheinlanden,
TPestdeutsche Zeitschrift f. Gesch. u. Kimst, 1888, Jahrg. vii., p.
123.
I/ ATELIER MON&TAIRE DE SISCIA. 355
254; FE. 14623 ; 2 gr. 40 ; 18 m.m. ; BE. MYS. ;
Voetter. Officines A et B. [PI. XVI., No. 15.]
2. FL. IVL. CONSTANTIYS NOB. C. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 104; BE.
MYS.; FE. 16183; 2 gr. 25; 18 m.m.;
Yoetter. Officines A— T— A— 6.
3. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Son buste laure
et cuirasse a droite. FE. 15690; 2 gr. 15 ; 18
m.m. ; BE. MYS. Yoetter. Officines A et G.
4. FL. CONSTANTIS BEA. C. Son buste laure et
drape a droite. Cohen, 48 de Constant I ; FE.
15967 ; 2 gr. Officine F.
II. Au revers. — Sans legende. Victoire debout a gauche,
mettant le pied sur une proue de vaisseau, te-
nant un sceptre transversal et appuyee sur un
bouclier.
Au droit. — CONSTANTINOPOLIS. Buste de Con-
stantinople ou de f emme, casque a gauche, avec
le casque laure et le manteau imperial, tenant
un sceptre. Cohen, 21 ; FE. 15178 ; 2 gr. 50 ;
18 m.m. Yoetter. Officines A et B. [PL XVI.,
No. 16.]
III. Au revers. — Sans legende. La Louve a gauche allai-
tant Eomulus et Eemus et les regardant ; au
dessus deux etoiles.
Au droit.— YEBS EOMA. Buste de Eome a gauche
avec une aigrette sur le casque et le manteau
imperial. Cohen, 18; BE. MYS.; Yoetter.
Omcinea A et B.74
La piece d'argent suivante de Constant I, elu Cesar le
25 Decembre 333, fut probablement frappee au cours de
cette emission, avec —
SIS
74 J'ai indique les lettres d'omcines pour la premiere serie de
bte emission, ainsi que je 1'avais deja fait pour ]' emission pre-
•er 1' attribution de certaines pieces a cer-
taines omcines.
356 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
On trouve —
IY. Au r&vers.— YICTOEIA CAESAEYM. Yictoire mar-
cliant a gauche tenant une eonronne et une
palme.
Au droit.—F~L. CONSTANS NOB. CAES. Son buste
laure, drape et cuirasse a droite. H. MYS. Y.
12999 ; piece d'argent inedite, 17 millimetres de
diametre, piece de 1'espece du 96me de la livre
d'argent.
Constantin intervint dans les demeles des Goths et des
Sarmates en 334.75 Mais les legendes et le type de la Yic-
toire f urent tres f requemment f rappes sans raison speciale
pendant toute la fin du regne de Constantin.
ONZIEME EMISSION.
Cette derniere emission fut frappee depuis r elevation de
Lelmatius Cesar le IS Septembre 33576 jusqu' d la mort de
Constantin le Grand survenue au mois de Mai 337. 77
En effet on trouve dans toutes ces series des mommies
75 Hieronymus, ii., 250 ; Anonymus Valesii, 6, 32.
76 Idat. de Fast., tf Constantino (id est Constantio) et Albino.
His conss. tricennalia edidit Constantinus Aug. (ces fetes
etaient celebrees deux annees de suite, en 335 et 336) YIII
Kal. Aug. et levatus est Delmatius Caesar XIY Kal. Oct."
Athanase, Contra Arianos, tome i, p. 782, Kalcrapa avrjyopevo-ev
Trpoiy' KaXav8o>v oKrw/SptW. Anonymus Valesii, vi, 35.
77 IS Epitome de Yictor dit qu'il a regne trente ans, (Epit.
61). Tous les auteurs le font mourir pendant les preparatifs
d'une guerre contre les Perses — ^Eutrope, x, 8 ; I' Anonymus
Valesii, vi, 35, disent qu'il a regne 31 ans. II a exactement
regne 30 ans et 10 mois (0. Seeck, D. Verwandtenmorde Con-
stantins d. Grossen, p. 69). Le Chronicon Paschale, p. 286 et
Eusebe, Vita Comtantini, i, 7-8 et iv, 63, indiquent lemois de
sa mort, mois de Mai. L'annee est donnee par les Fastes
d'Idace, le Chronicon Pasch. ; la chronologie de St. Jerome.
Cf. Clinton, Fasti Romani, 337.
L* ATELIER MONETA1RE DE SISCIA. 857
de Delraatius et jusqu'a la fin de 1'emission on frappa les
pieces de Constantin Auguste.
Les monnaies de bronze de cette emission sont de deux
especes. La plus grande est le denier de poids reduit
dont il a deja ete' question et qui fut frappe a Siscia
jusqu'a la mort de Constantin en 337 ; la seconde est le
Centenionalis, petite monnaie de bronze du poids moyen
de 1 gramme 75 c. sous Constantin,78 de 0,0 1 6 de diametre.
Suivant une regie qui semble constante a cette Epoque,
on ne trouve pas les memes exergues sur des monnaies
d'especes differentes frappees a la meme epoque ; aussi est-
il facile de distinguer le denier de poids reduit du Cen-
tenionalis.
PREMIERE SERIE.
Les monnaies de cette serie sont de Tespece du denier
de bronze avec les exergues —
•ASIS- -BSIS- -rsis- -ASIS- -esis-
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— GLOEIA EXEECITY8. ^ Avec le type deja
decrit dans 1'emission precedente, avec deux
etendards ou enseignes militaires.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINV8 MAX. AVG. Son
buste diademe, drape et cuirasse a droite ou
simplement drape. Cohen, 254 ; FE. 14629 ;
BE. MVS. ; H. MVS. V. ; Voetter.
78 Le Centenionalis n'a pas echappe a la regie constante de
reduction de poids des monnaies de cette epoque. Sous
Diocletien et au debut du regne de Constantin les poids des
Centenionales oscillaient entre 2 gr, 40 et 1 gr. 10 exception-
ellement.
358 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
2. CONSTANTINVS IVN. NOB. C. Son buste laure
et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 122; FB. 15691 ;
2 gr. 35 ; 0-018 m. de diametre.
3. FL. TVL. CONSTANTIVS NOB. C. Son buste
laure et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 104 ; FE.
16182, 16184; 2 gr. 75 ; 18 m.m. ; BE. MVS.
4. FL. CONSTANTIS BEA. C. Son buste laure, drape,
ou drape et cuirasse a droite. Voetter; BE.
MYS. ; variete de Cohen, 73.
5. FL. DELMATIYS NOB. C. Son buste laure et
drape a droite. Cohen, 12; BE. MVS.;
Yoetter; T.
II. Au revers. — Sans legende. Victoire debout a gauche,
mettant le pied sur une proue de vaisseau,
tenant un sceptre transversal et appuyee sur un
bouclier.
Au droit.— CONSTANTINOPOLIS. Cohen 21, deja
decrit ; BE. MVS. ; Voetter.
III. Au revers. — Sans legende. Le type de la Louve deja
decrit avec Eomulus et Eemus et deux etoiles.
Au droit.—VRBS EOMA. Cohen 18, deja decrit; FE.
15237; 2 gr. 30; 15239, 2 gr. 60; BE. MVS.;
Voetter. [PI. XVI., No. 17.]
DEUXIEME SERIE.
Les monnaies de bronze de cette serie sont de 1'espece
du Centenionalis.
Avec les exergues — '
ASIS BSIS rsis ASIS esis
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— GLOEIA EXEECITVS. Deux soldats
casques, debout, tenant chacun une haste et
I/ATELIER MONETAIRE DE SISCIA. 359
appuyes sur un bouclier ; entre eux une seule
enseigne militaire surmontee d'un drapeau sur
lequel est une couronne.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANTINYS MAX. AYG. Son
buste diademe et drape a droite. Cohen, 256 ;
BE. MVS. ; Yoetter. Officines A et 6.
2. CONSTANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Son buste laure
et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 114; FE. 15672 ;
1 gr. 90; BE. MVS.; Voetter. Officine 6. [PL
XVI,? No. 18.]
3. FL. IVL. CONSTANTIYS NOB. C. Son buste Iaur6
et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 92; 16139-41; 1
gr. 20 ; BE. MYS. ; Yoetter. Officine A— B—
r— A.
4. FL. CONSTANTIS BEA. C. Son buste laure et
drape a droite. Cohen, 48; FE. 15916; 1 gr.
70 ; 17 m.m. ; 15918. Officines A — B— Y— A.
5. FL. DELMATIYS NOB. C. Son buste laure et cuir-
asse a droite. Cohen, 4 ; BE. MYS. Officine A.
6. FL. IYL. CONSTANS NOB. C. Son buste diademe
et drape a droite. T. avec le monogramme ^
au revers. Le Catalogue Fabretti du musee de
Turin, No. 9,172, indique seulement 1'exergue
SIS
Le petit bronze suivant se trouve decrit dans Tanini,
supplement a Banduri, Numism. Imp. Rom., p. 286,
avec 1'exergue -j- egalement.
I. Au revers.— SECYEITAS PYBL1CA. L'Euphrate a
demi-nu, couche a droite, s'appuyant d'une main
sur un sceptre ou aviron, a son cdte gauche se
dresse un roseau.
Au droit.— FL. HANNIBALLIANNO EEGI. Son
buste, tete nue et tourne a gauche, les epaules
drapees. Yatican.79
79 Hanniballien fut eleve a la dignite de roi de Pont par
Constantin apres que Delmatiusfut fait Cesar le 15 Septembre
335. Cf. Athanase, Contra Arianos, tome i, p. 782 ; Anonymus
Valesii, vi, 35 ; Idat. de Fast.
360 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Les pieces d'or suivantes se ran gent dans cette serie en
raison de leur exergue et de la presence des pieces de
Delmatius, avec Texergue —^ On trouve —
bib
II. Au revers.— PEINOIPI IYYENTYTIS. Constance
debout a gauche tenant un etendard et un
sceptre, a droite deux enseignes militaires.
Au droit. 1.— FL. IYL. CONST ANTIYS NOB. C. Son
buste diademe et drape a droite. Cohen, 162 ;
H. MYS. V. Solidus.
Meme revers, mais le prince debout de face regardant a
gauche.
2. Son buste laure et cuirasse & droite. Cohen 165; col-
lection P. d'Ameoourt. Solidus.
Meme revers qu'au No. II.
3. EL. CONSTANTIS BEA. CAES. Son buste laure,
drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen, 92 ; FE.
Solidus.
III. Meme legende. Delmace debout en habit militaire,
tenant une haste transversale et un globe.
Au droit.— FL. DELMATIYS NOB. C. Son buste
laure et drape a droite. Cohen, 16. Solidus.
M. Eollin.
Les pieces d'or frappees pendant les dernieres annees
de Constantin ay ant le diametre de 22 millimetres,
se distingnent facilement des pieces frappees pendant la
pins grande partie de son regne, quoiqu'ayant le meme
poids moyen 4 grammes 50 c. et etant de 1'espece du
SOLIDUS. C'est ce qni permet de placer les pieces suivantes
dans cette emission. Avec Fexergue -
bib
IY. Au revers.— YICTOEIA CONSTANTINI AYG. Yic-
toire aseise a droite tenant un bouclier sur
lequel on lit YOT. XXX; derriere elle une
cuirasse et un bouclier.
L'ATELIER MON^TAIRE DE SISCTA. 361
Au droit.— CONSTANTINYS MAX. AYG. Son buste
diademe et drape a droite. Cohen, 611; FE.
1543 ; 4 gr. 40 ; 0,022 m.m.
V. Meme legende. Meme type, mais la Yictoire ecrivant
les YOT. XXX. sur un bouclier que lui pre-
sente un genie.
Meme droit. Inedite. Musee Brera, Milan. Meme dia-
metre.
Le me me exergue r— se retro uve sur la monnaie
feiy
d'argent suivante de 1'espece du 96me a la livre d'argent80
qui fut frappee a la fin du regne de Constantin, car des
pieces analogues continue rent a paraitre sous les regnes
des fils de Constantin.
YI. Au revers.— CONSTANTIYS CAESAE. Quatre enseignes
militaires dans le champ.
Au droit.— FL. IYL. CONSTANTIYS NOB. C. Son
buste laure, drape et cuirasse a droite. Cohen,
17; 3 gr. 68 a 3gr.-25; FE.
TROISIEME SERIE.
Avec les exergues —
ASIS* BSIS* rsis* ASIS* esis*
On trouve —
I. Au revers.— GLOEIA EXEECITYS. Avec une seule
enseigne militaire ; type qui vient d'etre decrit.
80 Pendant que ce travail etait en cours, Monsieur Babelon a
elucide le problerne de la determination des especes monetaires
sous le bas empire ; cf. E. Babelon, La Silique, le Sou et le
Denier: Journal, des Savants, Paris, fevrier, 1901. — Le Mill-
arense, piece d'argent etalon sous Constantin, est le 72me a
la livre, pesant 4 grammes 55 c. en moyenne, aj^ant un module
de 23 a 24 millimetres. Ce n'est que sous Heraclius (610 a
614) que la 96me partie de la livre deviendra le poids du
/MtXtap^trioi/ byzantin. Toutefois le 72me et le 96me a la livre
sont frappes simultanement sous Constantin.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES. 3 B
362 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Au droit. 1.— CONSTANT1NYS MAX. AYG. Son
buste diademe et drape ou laure et drape a
droite. Cohen, 250 ; BE. MYS. ; H. MYS. Y. ;
Yoetter.
2. CONST ANTINYS IYN. NOB. C. Cohen, 114;
BE, MYS. ; Yoetter.
3. FL. IYL. CONSTANTIYS NOB. C. Cohen, 92 ;
16138; Yoetter.
4. FL. CONSTANTIS BEA. C. Cohen, 48; FE.
15917; BE. MYS.
5. FL. DELMATIYS NOB. C. Cohen, 4; FE. 15550;
1 gr. 70 ; 0,017 m.m. [PI. XVI., No. 19.]
Toutes ces pieces ont deja ete* de*crites.
On peut aj outer a la suite de ces pieces le medaillon
d'or suivant, qui en raison du type du droit avec la t6te
diademe*e se classe parmi les medaillons frappes pendant les
dernieres annees du regne de Constantin.
Au revers.— GLOEIA CONSTANTINI AYG. Con-
stantin casque et en habit militaire marchant a
droite, trainant un barbare par les cheveux,
portant un trophee, et lan^ant un coup de pied
a un captif barbu assis devant lui les mains
liees derriere le dos et retournant la tete.
Au droit. — Tete diademee de Constantin a droite, sans
legende. Cohen, 337 ; FE. 80 A ; 6 gr. 34 ;
0 025 m.m.
Les exergues ASIS^*. a GSIS^ semblent devoir
attribues a Constantin II Auguste.
JULES MAURICE.
MISCELLANEA.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON GREEK
NUMISMATICS.
(Continued from Vol. XIX., p. 262.)
References in [ ] are those which I have not been able to consult myself.
KINGS AND PEOPLES.
Spain.
BAESURIS.— Monn. de B: R. Mowat, Archeol. Portugu., v.
(1900), 17-24.
EMPORIUM. — Human-headed bull: L. Heuzey, Mon. Piot,
vi., 124.
Gaul.
SEGUSIAVI. — Hercules and Telesphorus : S. Reinach, R. Arch.,
35 (1899), 57.
Italy.
HERACLEA. — Cross-headed object (at H. and Metapontum)
identified with groma : H. Schone, Arch. Anz., 1899,
131 ; H. von Fritze, ibid. 182.1
METAPONTUM. — Form of barley (wide-eared, six-rowed, Hor-
deum hexastichum] ; on Cunobelin's coins of Camulo-
dunum, the wide-eared, two-rowed h. zeocrithum is
represented. J. M. H. Munro and E. S. Beaven, Journ.
.R. Agric. Soc., ser. iii., vol. xi., part ii. (1900), pp. 14,
15 (of reprint). — Acheloos as horned human figure:
A. Mahler, Oesterr. Jahresh., ii., 78.
1 In this identification the evidence of the cross -headed torch on S.
Italian vases has surely been underrated.
364 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
TAEENTUM. — Dioskuri: E. Petersen, Rom Mitth., 1900,47.—
Dolphin-rider and horseman types, ibid., 48 f. — Anabates
type : M. Yassits, Oesterr. Jahresh., iii., 174. — Seat
with cushions (Imhoof, Monn. Gr., Nos. 3, 4) : H. von
Fritze, Rh. Mus., 55 (1900), 603.— See also Metrology.
TEKINA.— Nike : F. Studniczka, Neue Jahrb., i., 387, 397.
Sicily.
GELA. — EuySota (Millingen, Rec., 82), should be EJI/O///O,: P.
Orsi, Rom. Mitth., 1898, 306.
MESSANA.— Hadranos :'ls. Levy, R. Arch., 34 (1899), 277.
SELINUS. — Herakles and Acheloos : A. Mahler, Oesterr.
Jahresh., ii., 78.
SYRACUSE. — Arethusa on Kimon's coins ; female head on
other fifth-century coins : 0. Puchstein, Kiepert Fest-
schr., 202. — Female heads on the older coins of Syra-
cuse : C. Joergensen, Festskr. til J. L. Ussing, 117-
143 (Danish, with abstr. in German).
Macedon.
URANOPOLIS. — Aphrodite Ourania : S. A. Xanthoudides, 'E0.
JApX., 1900, 33.
REGES. ALEXANDER III. See below, Portraiture.
DEMETRIUS POL. — Nike on prow : F. Studniczka, Neue
Jahrb., i., 400.
PAEONIA. LYCCEIUS. — Form of name: H. Hirt, Kiepert
Festschr., 184.
Thrace.
MESEMBRIA. — Helmet with transverse crest : M. Vassits,
Oesterr. Jahresh., iii., 176.
ODESSUS. — Thracian rider : Babelon, C. R. de VAc. d. Inscr.,
1900, 365.
IMBROS. — Name on coins : E. Oberhummer, Kiepert Festschr.,
282. Coins of Athenian kleruchs, 294. Types, 301 f.
Dacia and Moesia.
H. v. Fritze, Berl. Phil. Woch., 1900, 979-992, rev. of Pick's
work. — Dates of Aemilianus and Decius on Dacian coins :
N. Vulic, Oesterr. Jahresh., iii., Beibl. 96.
YIMINACIUM. — Philip jun. made Augustus between October
246 and August, 247. N. Vulic, Oesterr. Jahresh., iii.,
Beibl. 95.
MISCELLANEA. 365
Thessaly.
CRANNON. — Sacred vessel on car : A. Furtwangler, Munch.
Sitzgber., 1899 (ii.), 429, 480.
Illyris.
DYERHACHIUM. — Graces (uva duracina) as symbol : Th.
Reinach, R. d. Et. Gr., 1899, 51.
Phocis.
DELPHI. — Dolphins as city arms on proxenia inscr : B. C. H.,
xxiii., 350. Same type on Theran inscr. of proxenia.
Homolle doubts whether the dolphins refer to Delphi
and not rather to Pellene, ibid., 377.
Attica.
ATHENS. — Tetradrachm of Antiochus : M. Holleaux, R. d.
£t. Gr., 1900, 273.— Athena-Hygieia : H. B. Walters,
J..H. 8., xix., 167.— Athena (Imhoof-Gardner, AA vii.) :
E. A. Gardner, J. H. 5., xix., 10.— Athena Promachos (?):
P. Hermann, Oesterr. Jahresh., ii., 170. — Contest between
Athena and Poseidon : A. de Bidder, R. Arch., 32
(1898), 410, 411.— Theseus raising the stone: Arch.
Anz., 1899, 201.— See also Metrology.
Megaris.
MEGARA. — Apollo, Artemis, and Leto : K. Kourouniotes,
'E0. 'APX., 1900, 14, 16.
Corinthia.
CORINTH. — Ino and Melicertes, Leucothea : Correra, Studi e
Mater., i., 76 f. — Lechaion and Kenchreai : K. Wernicke,
Arch. Anz., 1899, 200.
Achaia.
PATRAE. — Busts of Octavia and Antonia on cornuacopiae :
H. Graillot, R. Arch., 37 (1900), 235.
PELLENE. — Monogram |"E on Delphian decrees concerning
Pellenians : Th. Homolle, B. C. H., 23, 374.
Elis.
ELIS. — Eagle-type: Milani, Studi e Mater., i., 16. — Nike:
F. Studniczka, Neue Jahrb., i., 888, 397.— Hera : A.
Furtwangler, Munch. Sitzyber., 1899 (ii.), 5b4. — Aphro-
dite on goat : A. de Ridder, Mon. Plot, iv., 81 ; A.
Furtwangler, Munch. Sitzgber., 1899 (ii.), 590.
PISA.— -Date of gold coins : B. Niese, Hermes, 1899, 523.
366 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Laconia.
GYTHIUM.— Coin found at Basra : P. Perdrizet, R. Arch., 85
(1899) 48.
Argolis.
ARGOS.— Hera : A. Furtwangler, Munch. Sitzgbcr., 1899 (ii.),
584. Ch. Waldstein, J. H. 8., xx., p. xxxv.
Arcadia.
Female head on earliest coins (similar style at Corinth,
Cnidus, Syracuse) : A. Furtwangler, Munch. Sitzgber.,
1899 (ii.), 581, 582. — Monogram on Delphian decree
of proxenia for an Arcadian : Homolle, B. 0. H., 23,
376.
HERAEA. — Head on earliest coins : A. Furtwangler, Munch.
Sitzgber., 1899 (ii.), 581.— H., Orchomenos and Pheneos
as members of the league : B. Niese, Hermes, 1899, 521.
PSOPHIS. — Form ^ for i/r : W. Arkwright, Oesterr. Jahresh.,
ii., 72.
STYMPHALUS. — Head of Artemis : A. de Bidder, Mon. Plot,
iv., 89, 90.
Crete.
CNOSSUS. — Head of Aphrodite : A. de Ridder, Mon. Piot,
iv., 89.— Minotaur: A. Taramelli, Mon. Ant., p. 883.
DICTYNNA (Trajan). Nymph with infant Zeus and two
Curetes : Milani, Studi e Mater., i., 8, note 28.
HIERAPYTNA. — Eagle and palm-tree of Rhea : Milani, /. c., 12.
ITANUS. — "AAtos yeptoj/ and serpents : Milani, I. c., 15.
PHAESTUS. — Herakles, tethered bull, &c. : Milani, L c., 25.
PRAESUS. — Zeus suckled by cow; Herakles slaying monsters,
and other types : Milani, I. c., 22-24.
PRIANSUS. — Head of Aphrodite : A. de Ridder, Mon. Piot,
iv., 89.
RHAUCUS. — Poseidon, trident, dolphins: A. Taramelli, Mon.
Ant., 9, 321.
PROVINCE. — Zo)s Kp^rayci/^s and Tav ~KprjTay€v(]s : Milani,
I. c., 17, note 61.
Pontus.
NLOCAESAREA. — Personification of Koinon and Metropolis:
J. G. C. Anderson, J. H. 8., xx.. 155.
MISCELLANEA. 367
Bithynia.
NlCAEA. — Trpurrot TT/S cTrap^c/as : Korte, Ath. Mitth., 1899,
401. — Dionysos as founder, ibid., 403.
Galatia.
AMYNTAS. — Genuineness of gold coins : Weil, Berl.Phil. Woch.
1899, 1198.
Cappadocia.
OROPHERNES. — The coins found at Priene : Weil, I. c., 1198 f.
CAESAREA.— H. Riggauer, Munch. Sitzgber., 1898 (ii.), 465,
corrects his previous descriptions, ibid., 1897 (ii.) 523 f.
Mysia.
CYZICUS. — Kybele on lion : Milani, I. c., 7, note 26, 53. — K6py
^ujTcipa, ibid., 54.
PERGAMUM. — Female Prytanis : Conze und Schuchhardt,
Ath. Mitth., 1899, 167.
PERPERENE. — Coin found at Kosak : ibid., 147.
Troas.
CEBREN. — Restoration as Antiochia: W. Judeich, Kiepert
Festschr., 239, note 1.
SCEPSIS. — W. Judeich, Kiepert Festschr., 229 f . : R. Sca-
mander ; M coins with 2*:a. not Scamandrian ; coins
with Nc and N = Nea KW/X>; ? ; various types (horned
Dionysos, Pegasos, nymph Ide, Serapis, Aeneas, &c.) ;
strategos and other magistrates.
Ionia.
COLOPHON. — Strategos chief magistrate. B. Haussoullier, R.
de Phil., 1898, 265.
EPHESUS. — Palm-tree : J. Bohlau, Ath. Mitth., 1900, 94. —
Name Arsinoeia : C. Fredrich, ibid., 104.
HERACLEA. — Cult of Athena, and types at Priene, Lebedos,
Clazomenae, Naulochus : B. Haussoullier, R. de Phil.,
1899, 281.
MILETUS. — Magistrate 'Apto-TOKpar^s : C. Fredrich, Ath.
Mitth., 1900, 104.— Did Ptolemy II strike at M. ? : B.
Haussoullier, R. de Phil., 1900, 823.— Ti (Claudius)
Damas : ibid., 1899, 315. — Didymeion on coins of
Caligula: ibid., 21, 161.
SMYRNA. — L. Venuleius Apronianus, procos. : Th. Mommsen,
Oesterr. Jahresh., iii., 2.
368 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Caria.
ALABANDA. — Under name Antiochia : M. Holleaux, R. d. fit.
Gr., 1899, 351, 358; W. R. Paton, Class. Rev., 1899,
319, 320.
APHKODISIAS. — Aphrodite : A. Furtwangler, Munch. Sitzgber.,
1899 (ii.), 605; cf. S. A. Xanthoudides, 'E0. 'ApX.,
1900, 83.— TrpwTos apXwv : Is. Levy, R. d. fit. Gr., 1899,
264. — See also Myra.
BARGASA. — Provenance of coins : W. R. Paton, J. H. S.t
xx., 60.
CHALCETOR. — Attribution of XA coins (Class. Rev., 1895,
p. 188, cp. B. M. Catal., Caria, p. xlv. and 79) is doubt-
ful : G. Cousin, B. 0. H., 22 (1898), 375.
CNIDUS. — Aphrodite head : A. de Ridder, Mon. Piot, iv., 92 ;
L. Savignoni, Mon. Ant., 8, 84.
EUROMUS. — Duration of E.'s absorption in Mylasa : G.
Cousin, B. C. H., 22 (1898), 438.
Cos. — Head of Herakles with features of Maussollus : J. Six,
Horn. Mitth., 1899, 81 f.
Phrygia.
ACCILAEUM. — J. G. C. Anderson, J. H. S., xix., 90.
APAMEA. — Ko«/oi/ 4>pvytas : Conze und Schuchhardt, Ath.
Mitth., 1899, 196.
Lycia.
E. Kalinka, zur hist. Topogr. Lykiens : Kiepert Festschr.,
159 f . ; reprinted with alterations, Oesterr. Jahresh., in.,
BeibL, 38 f. — Various names on Lycian coins : W.
Arkwright, Oesterr. Jahresh., ii., 53 f.
KHARAI. — Significance of types: O.Benndorf, Oesterr. Jahresh.,
in'., 119.
MYRA. — Agalma in tree (cp. Aphrodisias) : Milani, Studi e
Mater., i., 12.
Pisidia.
SAGALASSUS. — Pine cone with star and crescent: Milani, /. c.,
52.
Cilicia.
MALLUS.— " Nike : '' F. Studniczka, Neue Jahrb., i., 388.
NAGIDUS. — Orientalizing Aphrodite : G. F. Hill, J. H. 8.,
xix., 164.
SOLI-POMPEIOPOLIS. — Head of Chrysippus ? : 0. Benndorf,
Oesterr. Jahresh., ii., 252.
MISCELLANEA. 369
TARSUS. — Various types : Baal-tars, lion and bull, Ahura-
mazda, deity on lion, crown with human heads, elephant
with wreath and letters OM AKK, etc.2 Milani, Studi e
Mater., i., 44, 50. — Crowns with human heads : G. F.
Hill, Oesterr. Jahresh., iii., 247 f. — Eagle above pyre of
Sandan, lion and ball : J. W. Crowfoot, J. H. 8. xx.,
119, 120. — Astragalizousa : A. de Bidder, Mon. Plot, iv.,
100.
Cyprus.
MARIUM. — Goddess with ram : A. Furtwangler, Munch.
Sitegber., 1899, (ii.), 604.
SALAMIS. — Euagoras I, Herakles and goat : Milani, L c., 24,
note 76. — Euagoras II, Aphrodite, eagle on lion : ibid.,
45.
Syria.
REGES. — (See also Portraiture.) Seleucus I and Antio-
chus IV, type of Zeus : E. R. Bevan, J. H. S., xx.,
26, 28. — Antiochus I., Date of coins with Samjpor
*Ai™Xov: B. Haussoullier, R. de Phil., 1900, 328.
ANTIOCHIA. — Archieratic crown : G. F. Hill, Oesterr. Jakresh.,
ii., 249.
Cyrrhestica.
HIEROPOLIS-BAMBYCE. — Ateh on lion, lion and bull : J. W.
Crowfoot, J. H. S., xx., 121.
Decapolis.
ANTIOCHIA- GERASA. — Title 'Av(Tto^f'coi/) TW(I/) Trp(os) Xp(vo-o-
poa) TW(V) Trp(oTepov) Te(pao-r]vG)v) : P. Perdrizet, R.
Biblique., Juill. 1900 (pp. IB, 14 of reprint).
GADARA. — Leg. X Fretensis at Gadara ; inscr. NAY-
MA(xl/a)." Clermont-Ganneau, Rec. d'Arch. Or., ii.
(1898), 301.
PHILADELPHIA. — Legend, 3>iAaSeA0«-W Koi'(A?7<?) 5vp(tas) : P.
Perdrizet, R. Arch., 35 (1899), 42.
Phoenicia.
Era of Alexander the Great in Phoenicia : J. Rouvier, R. d.
fit. Gr., 1899, 362 f.
2 The writer seems to base a good deal of very fanciful interpretation
on inaccurate or imaginative drawings of solitary specimens.
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES 3 C
370 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
ARADUS.— J. Rouvier, C. R. de VAc. d. Inscr., 1898, 207 f, ;
Journal Asiat., 16 (1900), 347 f.
LAODICEA of Canaan. — Clermont-Ganneau, Rec. (K Arch. Or.,
ii. (1898), 80, 81.
MARATHUS. — Era : J. Rouvier, Journ. Asiat., xii. (1898),
361 f.
TRIPOLIS. — Actian era at Tripolis : Clermont-Ganneau, Rec.
d'Arch. Or., ii. (1898), 297 f.
TYRE.— Era of Alexander : J. Rouvier, R. d. Et. Gr., 1899,
362 f.— Coins with KOINOY <|>OINIKHC and
COENV PHENICES: P. Perdrizet, R. Arch., 35
(1899), 38.
Galilaea.
ACE.— Era of Alexander : J. Rouvier, R. d. Et. Gr., 1899,
362 f.
Judaea.
GAZA. — Coin with head of Hadranos (?) and deity on winged
car: Is. Levy, R. Arch., 34 (1899), 276, 277.
Parthia.
Shape of heads of Arsacidae : A. C. Had don, Nature f 3 ML.
24th, 1901, 310.— Regal titles : Drouin, Joarn. Asiat.,
13 (1899) 369 f.
GOTERZES. 'Apeaj'wi' 3 comp. with Persian form Anjandm or
Ariijdn : Drouin, R. Arch., 32 (1898) 73.
Bactria and India.
Shape of heads of Bactrian kings : [C, von Ujfalvy, Arch. f.
Anthropol., 26 (1899), 45-70, 341-371] ; A. C. Haddon,
Nature, Jan. 24th, 1901, 310.— egal titles : E. Drouin,
Journ. Asiat., 13 (1899), 369 f.
OP0ATNHZ and OPAATNO comp. with name
Bahram: Drouin, R. Arch., 32 (1898), 80.
Egypt.
REGES. — TACHOS. — VT struck piece, attributed (if genuine) by
Maspero (Rec. de Trav., 1900, p. 225) to time of Tachos'
preparations against Persia (cf. Pseudo-Arist., Oecon.,
ii., 25). Obv. — Nub-nefr ("good gold") in ordinary
3 But this is a misreading of 'Apadicuv ; see Wroth, Num. Chr., 1900,
93, 95.
MISCELLANEA. 371
hieroglyphs. Rev. — The same in Saitc-Ptolemaic hiero-
glyphs, with the horse to r.4
ALEXANDER IV. — Head with elephant's skin is portrait of
Alexander IV : J. Six, Rom. Mitth., 1899, 88 f.
PTOLEMY I. — Head and eagle from relief of Artemidorus at
Thera, comp. with types of Pt. : Hiller von Gartringen,
Arch. Anz., 1899, 189-192.
PTOLEMY I and II. — Coins struck at Tyre and Ptolemais :
J. Rouvier, R. d. Et. Or., 1899, 366.
ARSINOE II. — N and M dating from 271 B.C. : Strack, Rh.
Mm., 55 (1900), 165.
ALEXANDRIA. — Tyche recumbent : P. Perdrizet, B. C. H.,
22 (1898), 601.— City goddess in attitude of prayer :
W. Amelung, Rom. Mitth., 1899, 12.— Pharos : Adler,
Arch. Anz., 1901, 203.— Aurelian and Vabalathus : P.
Meyer, Hermes, 1898, 269. — Philip jun. as Augustus;
date of death of Trajan Decius and Aurelian : N. Vulie,
Oesteir. Jahresh., iii., Beibl., 95, 96.
Cyrenaica.
GYRENE.— Silphium : Is. Levy, R. Arch., 36 (1900), 334 f. —
Ammon type : Usener, Rh. Mus., 1898, 362.
Numidia.
.— Sitt(ius) Mug(onianus) IIII vir : S. Grsell, Mel.
d'Arch. et d'Hist. de V EC. Fr., 1898, 129, quoting Rec.
de Constant! ue, 30, 310.
4 I have recently had an opportunity of examining this piece, which
is reproduced here. Among the many objections to its genuineness I
may mention that the extreme flatness of fabric is decidedly suspicious ;
that the border of dots is very unsatisfactory in its treatment ; that it is
difficult to understand why the same legend is given on both sides,
without any sign of the authority by whom the coin wan issued ; that the
position of the horse to the right is, if I am rightly informed, unusual ;
that similar pieces struck in base metal are f-aid, on good authority, to
have been offered to visitors in Egypt ; and that nearly all, if not all,
the numismatists who have seen the piece have agreed in condemning it.
372
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
Islands between Africa and Sicily.
COSSURA. — Astarte : P. Orsi, Mon. Ant., 9, 513. — Coins
found in tombs : ibid.t 524. — Counterfeit (?) with
KOZZY : Ibid., 538.
Uncertain.
Coin with Felix Princeps (see N. C., xix., 260) : Riggauer,
Munch. Sitzgber., 1898 (ii.), 465.
TYPES, ETC.
Portraiture.
E. Babelon, Oriyines dm portrait sur les monn. qr. : R. de
1'Art, v. (1899), 89-102.
Alexander the Great. — Portrait on coins of his successors.
A. Chaumeix, Mel. cVArch. et d'Hist. de I' fie. Fr., 1899,
95. — Portrait as Heracles (cf. coins of Agathocles of
Bactria, Imperial Macedonian, Apollonia Mordiaeum,
Alexander Balas), J. Six, Rom. Mitth., 1899, 83 f. —
Head on coins of Lysimachus : Th. Wiegand, Jahrb. d.
fast., xiv. (1899), 3 ; cf. Sitzgber. d. Akad. Berl., 1899,
286.— Types of Tresor de Tarse : P. Perdrizet, J. H. S.,
xix., 276 f.
Perseus.— 3. Six, Rom. Mitth., 1898, 74 f.
Seleucus I.— J. Six, Rom. Mitth., 1898, 66 f. — Seleucus I,
Antiochus II, IV, Demetrius 1 : 0. Rossbach, Neue
Jahrb., iii. (1899), 55-59.
Alexander IV. — See Egypt above.
Ptolemy I, II, V, Ar&inoe Philadelphmt Cleopatra I. : 0.
Rossbach, I.e., 53-57.
Deities and Human Figures.
Apollo with laurel-branch and bow (Metapontum, Side,
Athens, Patara) : W. Amelung, Ath. Mitth., 1900, 289.
Nike (Terina, Cyzicus, Mallus, Elis, Himera, Syracuse, Deme-
trius Poliorc.). F. Studniczta, Neue Jahrb., i., 377 f.
DiosJfuri.—E. Petersen, Rom. Mitth., 1900, 1 f., esp. 48-50.
Denies identifications of Nuceria (B. M. Italy, p. 121),
Tyndaris (Sicily, p. 235), Locri Op. (Centr. Greece,
p. 10).
River-god. — A. Mahler, Oesterr. Jahresh., ii., 78. Cp. Per-
drizet, Rev. Bibl., Juill. 1900 (p. 9 of reprint) ; L.
Heuzey, Mon. Piot, vi. 126.
MISCELLANEA. 373
Andhates leaping from or running beside horse (Himera,
Celenderis,5 Erythrae) : E. Petersen, Rom. Mitth.,
1900, 32, 33. Cp. M. Vassits, Oesterr. Jahresh., hi., 174
(Himera, Dardanus ?, Celenderis).
Astragalizousa (Cierium, Tarsus). A. de Bidder, Man. Piot,
iv., 100.
Negro (Tresor d'Auriol, Etruria, Lesbos, &c.) : P. Perdrizet,
Moii. Plot, iv., 217.
Charioteer's dress on Sicilian coins. Th. Homolle, Mon. Piot,
iv., 184.
Eyelashes on Sicilian coins. Th. Homolle, Mon. Piot, iv.,
203.
Animals, &c.
Cerberus. — L. Homo, Mel. d'Arch. et d'Hist. de V£c. Fr.,
1898, 310 f. (Perinthus, Anchialus, Marcianopolis, Bizya,
Sinope, Alexandria Eg.).
Chimaera. — L. Homo, ibid., 298 f. (Populonia, Fensernia,
Zeleia?, Leucas, Sicyon, Corinth, Lycia).
Dolphin. — B. von Schneider, Oesterr. Jahresh., ii., 204
(Zankle, Syracuse, Tarentum).
Goat. — A. de Bidder, Mon. Piot, iv., 88 (Aenus, Aegae Mac.,
Archelaus I., Aegosthena, Faros, Elyros, Hyrtacos,
Lisos, Tarrha, Celenderis).
Horse in motion: Larisa Thess., Syracuse, Corinth (Pegasos),
&c. S. Reinach, R. Arch., 36 (1900), 227 f.
Panther. — S. Beinach, Mon. Piot, iv., 113.
Various.
B. Brown, Knowledge, 1901 , 35 f. Constellation-Figures as
Greek Coin-Types.6
FINDS.
MONT BEUVRAY. — Monn. recueillies de 1867-98. J. Deche-
lette, Mem. de la Soc. Eduenne, 27 (1899) 313-355
(chiefly Gaulish and Roman, 1 Celtiberian, 1 of Juba II),
Note on composition of bronze of Aeduan coins.
5 As I have remarked (B. M. Gatal. Lycaonia, etc., p. xlvii.) the rider
is not really in the act of alighting from his horse. Celenderis, by the
way, is not in Cyprus.
6 An entirely uncritical list.
374 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
LOIRE. — Fouilles de la L. en 1894 : M. Desnoyers, Mem. de
la Soc. arch, et hist, de VOrleanais, 17 (1898), 41-58
(Gr., Rom., Gallo-Eom. and Gaulish).
THEEMAE HIMEEAEAE. — Hoard from Mte. Calogero. Tetra-
drachms : 1 Messana (B. M. Guide, pi. 16, 28) ; 2
Syracuse (Du Chastel, pi. 7, 81 ; 8, 94) ; 4 Siculo-Punic
[(a) ziz ; rev. imitated from Euth., in ex. sea-horse, cf.
Evans Syr. Med. pi. 1, 8 and 9. (/3) obv. fast quadriga,
altar in ex. (only two others known), (y) imit. of
Eukleidas and Eumenes, cp. du Chastel, pi. 6, 62, 63,
65-69. (S) ammachanat, forepart of horse in ex. ; the
head after decadr. of Euainetos, Evans, pi. 7 and 47] ;
also 2 Corinthian pegasi. E. Gabrici, Not. d. ticavi,
1900, 205 f.
CEOATIA. — Narti. 30 barbarous imitations of Philip II tetra-
drachms. J. Brunsmid, ViestniJca Hrv. Arheol. Drustva,
New Series, Yr. I., 1896, 2-13.
Mazin. Italian, Greek, and African M : aes rude,
aes sign., aes grave; Romano-Campanian ; Salapia,
Teate, Syracuse (Hiero II, &c.), Caphyae Arcad., Egypt
(Ptol. VIII and X), Carthage, Numidia (Micipsa, &c.).
J. Brunsmid, ibid. II., 1896-7, 3-42; IV., 1900, 1-6.
Since republished in German by M. Bahrfeldt, Der
Munzfund von Mazin (Berlin, 1901).
DALMATIA. — SSkudljivac (Lesica). Coins of Pharos, Herak-
leia, Di . . . , Issa, and Ballaios. G. Kubitschek, Bull.
di Arch, e Stor. Dalmata, xx. (1897), pp. 159 foil.
SAIDA.— Trouvaille de 1863. J. Rouvier, E. d. Et. Gr.,
1899, 380.
MAEASH. — Nearly 100 M Athenian 5th c. staters, now at
Constantinople. Amer. Journ. of Arch., 1899, 251
(from S. S. Times, Nov. 26th, 1898).
METROLOGY, &c.
F. Hultsch, Gr.. u. Rom. Grewichtmormen. N. Jahrb. iii.
(1899), 186 f.
R. J. Albrecht, Summary of Hultsch's Gewichte des Altertwus
from classical point of view, Berl. Phil. Woch., 1900,
848 f., 879 f.
MISCELLANEA. 375
Th. Mommsen, Zum Aegijpt. Milnzicesen, Arch. f. Papyrus-
kunde, i. 273 f. ^p^XM ^n R°man times : (1) copper
dr. of 6 obols:=dr. of billon tetradrachm. (2) dpyuptov Bp.
=dr. of Roman denarius, which was regarded as tetra-
, drachm, and rated at 28 or 29 obols. Other names are
dpyvptou eTTto-^/xov vo/>t/(r/xaTO5 8p., dpy. 2e/3a<7TOU KOL
UroAe/xatKov vo/x. Sp., dpy. TraXatov IlrcA.. vo/z., &C. The
old Ptolemaic dr. was roughly equated to the denarius,
which, however, in both normal and effective weight
was superior to the old coin. The copper " reckoning
dr." of T£o- of the Ptol. silver dr. was fixed first at i-gV^»
later at aoVo of the denarius-tetradrachm. Denarius-
tetradrachm known as quadruple dpy. 8p., also as o-To/njp.
When metal not stated, Sp. = usually dr. of billon
tetradrachm. The only coined obol was the i of the
billon dr., = about 4- of the denarius-dr., i.e. -^ of the
denarius itself; but in commercial language obol may
also mean a money of account — i of denarius-dr.
W. Christ, Munch. Sitzgber., 1900, 106 f. (1) Weights from
Tarentum : Hemilitra (h HMIA on one) of 119-116 gr.
A wt. of 153 gr. with HI ? perhaps=il nummus (cp.
dextantes of Teate and Venusia), being equivalent of
diobol of 1-3 gr. If M : ^E as 112 : 1, the copper num-
mus would weigh 145 '6 gr., which is nearly half of an
uninscr. wt. of 290 gr. — (2) List of Gk. wts. in Munich
Antiquarium not contained in Pernice's work — (3)
Solonian reform : CU^T/O-IS in 'A0. lloX. 10 means increase
not of the weight of the coin, but of the amount of the
coinage7). The authority of Androtion, connecting
Solon's reform with the seisachtheia, preferable to that
of Aristotle. The reform meant a general reduction,
not increase, of weights.
C. F. Lehmann, Hermes 35 (1900), 636 f. Aristot. 'A0. TToA. x. :
confirmation of reading [at rjpets /xva! ; the weight-talent'
of 63 Solonian minae ; '' stater " the name for double
mina as unit of heavy system of Solonian norm ; relation
between seisachtheia and reform of standards ; origin
of Euboic standard ; the ^eiSon/eia /xerpa; date of Pheidon.
Clermont-Ganneau, Ree. d'Arch. Or., iii. (1899) 82 (-C. E.
tie VAc. d. Inscr., 1898, 606): Leaden weight from
Syria. Ibid. iv. (1900), 24 f. : Five Israelite weights
with inscriptions.
7 This would probably require r«Di/ vo/n<T/idru>j>, to mention only one
objection.
376 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Bibliotheca Philologica Classica, xxv., 1898, 247 f . ; xxvi.,
1899, 56 f. ; 110 f. ; 166 f. ; 225 f. ; xxvii., 1900, 65 f.,
138 f. ; 202 f.
Rev. cL Et. Gr., 1900, 118 f.
Amer. Journ. of Arch., 1899, 470 f. ; 1900, 403.
Rev. Arch.- 36 (1900) 270 f. : Publications of Arch. Soc.
of Moscow : § 9 — Numismatique et Sphragistique.
Articles on Karkinites, Aspurgus, Rhescuporis I, Dio-
dotus, Pythodoris, &c.
COLLECTIONS.
BERLIN CABINET. — Acquisitions: Berl. Phil. Woch., 1899,
1277; 1900, 1342. Woch. f. Mass. Phil., 1900, 1270.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Ueber die Entincklg. d Numism. it. d. num. Sammlgn. im 19
Jahrh. H. Riggauer, Festr., K. Bayer. Akad. d. Wiss.,
Miinchen, 14th Nov. 1900.
Corpus Nummorum. Th. Mommsen : reports progress Sitzgber.
d. Akad. z. Berl, 1898, 79 ; 1899, 74 ; C. R. de VAcad.
d. Inscr., 1899, 431.
Charon's obol A. Korte, Ath. Mitth., 1899, 4 ; [P. Sartori,
die Totenmiinze, Arch./. Religionswiss. II. (1899) 205-
225].
Provenance of coins as evidence of sites. W. R. Paton, J. H. S.t
xx., 80; C. D. Edmonds, B. 8. A., v., 24.
Magistrates' titles on coins of Asia Minor. Is. Levy, R. d. Et.
Gr. 1899, 262 f. (Smyrna, Aphrodisias, Antiochia Car.
Sardes, Thyatira, Silandus, Docimeum, &c.).
G. F. H.
INDEX.
A.
Ablera, Thrace, coins of, 278
Ac ;ilaeum, Phrygia, coins of, 368
Acs, Galilaea, era of Alexander,
370
Achaean League, coin of the, 286
Aegina, coin of, 285
Aegium, Achaia, coins of, 12
Aethelred II of England, coin of.
267
Aethelred II of Northumbria, coin
of, 266
Aethelwulf of "Wessex, coin of, new
variety, 160
Aethulwulf of Wessex and Berht-
wulf of Mercia, coin of, 154
Alabanda, Caria, under name An-
tiochia, 368
Alexander III of Macedon, coins
of, 277 ; portraiture of, 364 ;
era of, in Phoenicia, 369
Alexander IV, Aegus, portrait of,
371
Alexandria, Egypt, coins of, 371
Alfred of Wessex, coin of, 266
Alyzia, Acarnania, coin of, 284
Amisus, Pontus, coin of, 16
Amyntas of G-alatia, coin of, 367
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, its his-
torical value, 66
Anglo-Saxon coins, unique, 148 ;
unpublished varieties, 265
Animals on Greek coins, 373
Antigonus, King of Asia, coin
of, 7
Antiochia, Pisidia, coin of, 21
,, Syria, coins of, 369
Antiochia- Gerasa, Decapolis, title
of, 369
Antiochus VI of Syria, coin of,
294
Antiochus VIII (Grypus) and Cleo-
patra of Syria, coin of, 25
Antoninus Pius, coin of, 22
VOL. XX. THIRD SERIES.
Apamea, Phrygia, coins of, 368
Aphrodisias, Caria, coin of, 368
Apollonia Pontica, Thrace, coin of,
280
Aptera, Crete, coin of, 15
Aradus, Phoenicia, coins of, 370
Arcadia, coins of, 366
Argos, Argolis, coins of, 366
Arsaces of Parthia, coins of, 190
et seqq.
Arsacid kings of Parthia, list of,
183 ; portraits of, 370
Arsinoe II of Egypt, coins of, 371
Artabanus I, King of Parthia,
coins of, 184 et seqq.
Artabanus II, King of Parthia,
coins of, 19<5 et seqq.
Athens, Attica, coins of, 366
Attaea, Mysia, coin of, 288
Aurelian, coins of, 216
AlTOKPATOPOS, title of, on coins
of Parthia, 193
B.
Bactrian tings, portraiture of, 370
Baldred of Kent expelled by Ecg-
beorht, 79
Bargasa, Caria, coins of, 368
Barsuris, Spain, coin of, 363
BA2IAEYONTO2 on Parthian and
Bactrian coins, 94
Berenice II of Egypt, coin of, 296
Berhtwnlf of Mercia and Aethel-
wulf of Wessex, coin of, 154
Berlin, coins of the South African
Republic struck at, 257
Birmingham, Transvaal coins
struck at, 253
Bodleian Library, coins of Smyrna
in the, 203
BOYD, W. C. : —
Some unpublished Varieties of
Saxon Coins, 265
Bretwalda, title of, 78
British Museum, Greek coins ac-
3D
378
INDEX.
quired by the, in 1899, 1 ; in
1900, 274
Burgers, Thomas, President of the
Transvaal Republic, issues gold
coins, 253, 254
Burgred of Mercia, coin of, 266
C.
Caesarea, Cappadocia, coins of, 367
Caesarea Paulas, Trachonitis, coin
of, 294
Calchedon, Bithynia, coin of, 287
Caligula, coins of, 207
Capsa, Macedonia, coin of, 275
Caracalla, coins of, 8, 23, 29, 34,
100
Carausius, coin of, 30, 48
Cardiff, Roman coins and rings
found at Sully, 27
Carhayes, find of Roman coins at,
209
Carthage, coin of, struck in Sicily,
275
Cebren, Troas, restoration of, as
Antiochia, 367
Chalcetor, Caria, coins of, 368
Charles I, new variety of half-
groat of, 88
Cirta, Numidia. coins of, 371
Claudius II, Gothicus, coins of,
215, 344
Cleopatra and Antiochus VIII
(Grypus) of Syria, coin of, 25
Cnidus, Caria, coins of, 368
Cnossus, Crete, coins of, 366
Cnut of England, coin of, 268
Colbassa, Pisidia, coins of, 22
Colophon, Ionia, its magistrate,
367
Colybrassus, Cilicia, coin of, 292
Commodus, coin of, 1 1
Constans I, coins of, 354 et seqq.
Constantine I, coins of, 1 1 1 et seqq. ;
301 et seqq.
Constantine II, coins of, 135 et
seqq. ; 324 et seqq,
Constantius I, Chlorus, coins of,
110 ; 301 et seqq.
Constantius II, coins of, 146 ; 346
et seqq.
Corinth, coins of, 286, 365
Corn, distribution of, at Tarsus,
tesserae used at, 96
Cos, coins of, 18, 368
Cossura, coins of, 372
Crannon, Thessaly, coin of, 365
Crete, province of, coins of, 366
Crispina, coin of, 208
Crispus, coins of, 135 et seqq. ; 324
et seqq.
Cyrene, Cyrenaica, coins of, 371
Cyzicus, Mysia, coins of, 367
D.
Dardanus, Troas, coin of, 17
Deities, &c., on Greek coins, 372
Delmatius, coins of, 358 et seqq.
Delos, coins of, 16, 287
Delphi, Phocis, coins of, 365
Demetrius Poliorcetes, coin of, 364
Demetrius II, Nicator, coin of, 24
Uictynna, Crete, coin of, 366
Diocletian, coins of, 29, 30, 32. 57
Disselboom, the, on Transvaal
coins, 257
AQPEA CITOY TAP2Q, 96
Dyrrhachium, Illyria, coins of, 365
E.
Eadgar of England, coin of, 267
Eadred of Wessex, coins of, 266
Eanred of North umbria, coin of,
265
Ecgberht of Kent, coin of, 148
Ecgberht, or Ecgbeorht, of Wes-
sex and his coins, 66 ; of Kent-
ish origin, 68 ; strikes coins for
Kent, 71 ; expelled from Eng-
land, 72 ; visits Charlemagne,
73 ; marries St. Ida, 74 ; returns
to England, 75, 76 ; conquers
Kent, 79 ; first coinage as King
of "Wessex, 81 : conquers Mer-
cia, 82 ; strikes coins as King of
Mercia, 82, 159 ; his other mints,
83 ; his titles in charters, 86 ;
unpublished coin of, 161
Edward the Confessor, coin of, 269
Edward III, haJf-noble of third
coinage of, 162 ; earliest gold
coins of, 229, 231 et seqq. ; ward-
robe counter of, 242
Edward IV, coins of, 166, 171
Edward V, coins of, 166, 174
Elagabalus, coins of, 30, 36
Elea, Epirus, coin of, 10
Elis, coins of, 365
Ellandune, battle of, 78
Emporium, Spain, coin of, 363
England, first gold coins of, 218
Ephesus, Ionia, coins of, 289, 367
INDEX.
379
Eni*ANOT2, title of, on Parthian
coins, 194
Etruria, uncertain silver coin of, 2
Etruscilla, coins of, 30, 44
Euromus, Caria, absorbed in My-
lasa, 368
EVANS, SIE JOHN, K.C.B. : —
The first Gold Coins of England,
218
EXPECTATE VENT on coins of
Carausius, 50
F.
Fausta, coins of, 147, 347 et seqq.
Faustina junr., coins of, 18, 207
"Fides Militum" on coins of
Caraufius, 56
Finds of Coins, Carhayes, 209
Greek, 373
,, ,, Groats 'of Henry
VI-VII, 166
„ „ Sully, 27
Florianus, coins of, 217
Florin, gold, of Edward III, 232
tt seqq.
Frederick the Great, successes of,
medal, 180
G.
Gadara, Decapolis, coins of, 369
Gafulford, battle of, 78
Galeria Valeria, coins of, 308
Gallienus, coins of, 23, 30, 106,
212
Gaza, Judaea, coin of, 370
Gela, Sicily, coin of, 364
Gerasa, Decapolis, coin of, 295
Geta, coin of, 30, 35
Gold coins of England, the first,
218
Gordian III, coins of, 21, 24, 30,
40
Goterzes, King of Parthia, legend
on his coins, 93, 370
GRANTLEY, LOED, F.S.A. : —
On some Unique Anglo-Saxon
coins, 148
Greek coins, finds of, 373
Groats of Henry VI-VII, find of,
166
GRUBBER, H. A., F.S.A. : —
Find of Roman Coins and Gold
Rings at Sully, near Cardiff,
27
An unpublished Silver Coin of
Verica, 264
Phillip's " Token Money of the
Bank of England," notice of,
271
Gythium, Laconia, coin of, 366
H.
Half-florin or Leopard, gold, of
Edward III, 233 et seqq.
Half -noble of third coinage of
Edward III, 162
Hanniballianus, coin of, 359
Harold II, coin of, 269
Harthaciiut, coin of, 268
HAVEEFIELD, F., F.S.A. :—
On a Hoard of Roman Coins
found at Carhayes, Cornwall,
209
Heahberht, Bang of Kent, coin of,
149
Helena, coins of, 147, 346 etseqq.
Helm or Helmet, gold coin of Ed-
ward III, 233 et seqq.
Henry III, gold penny of, 218 et
seqq.
Henry VI, coins of, 166, 171, 174
Henry VII, coins of, 166, 175
Heraclea, Ionia, coins of, 367
,, Lucania, coins of, 363
Heraea, Arcadia, coins of, 366
Herennius Etruscus, coin of, 30,
44
Herod Philip II of Judaea, coin of,
25
Hierapytna, Crete, coin of, 366
Hieropolis-Bambyce, Cyrrhestica,
coins of, 369
HILL, G. F., M.A. :—
Kennedy's " Money " in Has-
tings' "Dictionary of the
Bible," notice of, 270
Bibliographical Notes on Greek
Numismatics, 363
Himerus, King of Parthia, coins
of, 193 et seqq.
HOWOHTH, SIR HENEY H.,
K.C.T.E. :—
Ergberht, King of the West
Saxons, and the Kent Men,
and his coins, 66
I.
Imbros, Thrace, coins of, 364
Itanus, Crete, coins of, 366
380
INDEX.
J.
Judaea, coin of Herod Philip II,
25
Julia Domna, coins of, 29, 34
Julia Maesa, coins of, 30, 37
Julia Mamaea, coins of, 23, 30, 39,
208
Julia Paula, coins of, 30, 37
Julia Soaemias, coins of, 30, 37
K.
Kennedy's "Money" in Hastings'
"Dictionary of the Bible" no-
ticed, 270
Kent conquered by Ecgbeorht, 79,
80
Kruger, Paul, President of the
South African Republic, coinage
of, 256
L.
Laelianus, coins of, 214
Laertes, Cilicia, coin of, 293
Lampsacus, Mysia, coin of, 17, 288
Laodicea, Canaan, coins of, 370
Larissa, Thessaly, coin of, 282
LAWRENCE, L. A. : —
A new Variety of the Half-
Groat of Charles I, 88
The Half-Noble of the Third
Coinage of Edward III, 162
Small Hoard of Groats of Henry
VI- VII, 166
Leopard, gold coin of Edward III,
233 et seqq.
Licinius I, coins of, 115 et seqq. ;
307 et seqq.
Licinius II, coins of, 325 et seqq.
London, mint of, under the Con-
stantines, 108
LVNDONIA CIVIT. on coin of
Ecgbeorht, 82
Lycceius of Paeonia, coin of, 364
M.
Macrinus, coin of, 30, 35
Magnetes, Thessaly, coin of, 8
Magydus, Pamphylia, coin of, 19 ;
numerals on coins of, 20
Mallus, Cilicia, coins of, 368
Marathus, Phoenicia, era of, 370
Marcus Aurelius, coins of, 12, 19,
29, 33
Harium, Cyprus, coins of, 369
Marius, coins of, 214
MAUBICE, JULES : —
L' Atelier monetaire de Londres
(Londinium) pendant la Pe-
riode Constantinienne, 108
Classification chronologique des
Emissions monetaires de 1' Ate-
lier de Siscia pendant la Pe-
riode CoDstantinienne, 297
Maximianus Herculius, coins of,
29, 30, 33, 59, 113 et seqq. ; 300
et seqq.
Maximinus I, coins of, 30, 39
,, II, Daza, coins of , 110
etseqq. ; 299 et seqq.
METAAOT, title of, on Parthian
coins, 191
Megara, Megaris, coins of, 365
Mende, Macedonia, coins of, 6
Mercia conquered by Ecgbeorht
of Wessex, 82
Mesembria, Thrace, coin of, 364
Mesma, Bruttii, coin of, 4
Messana, Sicily, coin of, 364
Metapontum, Lucania, coin of, 363
Metrology of Greek coins, 374
Miletus, Ionia, coins of, 367
Mint-marks on coins of Henry VI-
VII, classified, 167
Mithradates I, King of Parthia,
coins of, 180 et seqq.
Mithradates II, King of Parthia,
coins of, 193 et seqq.
Mithradates III, King of Parthia,
coins of, 196 et seqq.
Myra, Lycia, coins of, 368
N.
Nagidus, Cilicia, type of Aphro-
dite, 368
Neocaesarea, Pontus, coins of, 366
Nero, coin of, 8
Nicaea, Bithynia, coin of, 367
NIKH*OPOY, title of, on Parthian
coins, 193
O.
Odessus, Tbrace, coins of, 364
Oetaei, the, Thessaly, coin of, 282
Olbasa, Pisidia, coin of, 292
OMAN, C., M.A. :—
Unpublished or rare Coins of
Smyrna in the Bodleian cabi-
net, 203
Orbiana, coins of, 30, 39
INDEX.
381
Orodes, King of Parthia, coins of,
196 et seqq.
Graphemes, King of Cappadocia,
coins of, 367
OPGArNHS or OPAAFNO, name
of, 370
O. S. initials of Otto Schulz, die
engraver, 258
Otacilia Severa, coins of, 30, 43
Otanes, King of Parthia, coins of,
89
P.
Pagae, Megaris, coin of, 11
Parthian coinage, rearrangement
of, 181
Patrae, Achaia, coin of, 365
Pellene, Achaia, coin of, 365
Penny, gold, of Henry III, 208
et seqq.
Perga, Pamphylia, coin of, 290
Pergamum, Mysia, coins of, 367
Perpecene, Mygia, coin of, 367
Phaestus, Crete, coin of, 366
Philadelphia Decapolis, title of,
369
4>IAEAAHNOS, title of, on Par-
thian coins, 194
Philip I, coins of, 30, 42
,, II, coins of, 30, 43
Philippopolis, Thrace, coin of, 8
Phillips, Maberley, his "Token-
Money of the Bank of England "
noticed, 271
Phraates I, King of Parthia, coins
of, 190 et seqq.
Phraates II, King of Parthia, coins
of, 186 et seqq.
Phraates III, King of Parthia,
coins of, 196 et seqq.
Phiaates IV, King of Parthia,
coins of, 89, 199, 202
Phriapatius, King of Parthia, coins
of, 184 et seqq.
Pisa, Elis, coin of, 365
Plautilla, coin of, 23
Pogla, Pisidia. coin of, 23
Poly rhenium, Crete, coin of, 15
Porto Bello, unpublished medal of,
180
Portraiture on Greek coins, 364,
369, 370, 371, 372
Postumus, coins of, 30, 47, 213
Potidaea, Macedonia, coin of, 276
Praecus, Crete, coins of, 366
Praetoria, mint established at, 261
Priansus, Crete, coins of, 366
Probus, coins of, 217
Psophis, Arcadia, coins of, 366
Ptolemy I, coins of, 26, 371
Ptolemy I and II, coins of, 371
Q.
Quarter-florin or Helm, gold, of
Edward III, 233 et seqq.
QuintiUus, coins of, 216
R.
READY, W. TALBOT :—
Medals of Porto Bello and
Frederick the Great, 180
Rhaucus, Crete, coins of, 366
Rhizus (?), Thessaly, coin of, 9
Richard III, coins of, 166, 174
Richborough, supposed Roman
mint under Carausius, 52
Rin'gs, gold, Roman, found at
Sully, near Cardiff, 27, 63
ROSTOWZEW, M. : —
AQPEA CITOY TAPCQ, 96
R. S. R. on coins of Carausius, 52,
53
S.
Sabina, coin of, 16
Sagalassus, Pisidia, coins of, 368
St. Ida marries Ecgberht, 74
Salamis, Cyprus, coins of Eva-
goras I, 369
Salonina, coins of, 30, 46, 213
Saloninus, coins of, 30, 47, 208
Scepsis, Troas, coins of, 367
Schulz, Otto, coin -en graver, 258
Segusiavi, Gaul, coins of, 363
Seleucia, Pitddia, coin of, 23
Seleucus I, King of Syria, coin of,
293
Selinus, Sicily, coin of, 364
Sepia on uncertain coin of Etruria,
2
Septimius Severus, coins of, 17, 22,
29, 34
Severus Alexander, coins of, 22,
30, 38, 101
Severus II, coins of, 110 et seqq.,
299 et seqq.
Side, Pamphylia, coin of, 291
Sinatruces, King of Parthia, coins
of, 193 et seqq.
382
INDEX.
Siscia, mint of, during the Con-
stantine period, 297
Smyrna, Ionia, unpublished and
rare coins of, 203; its magis-
trate, 367
Soli-Pompeiopolis, Cilicia, coin of,
368
South African Eepublic, coinage of
the, 2o2
Spithridates, Satrap of Ionia, &c.,
coin of, 289
Storrie, John, on coins and rings
found at Sully, 27
Stymphalus, Arcadia, coins of, 366
Sully, Cardiff, Roman coins and
rings found at, 27
Syracuse, Sicily, coins of, 274, 364
Syria, kings of, their coins, 369
T.
Tachos, king of Egypt, gold coin
of, 370
Tacitus, coins of, 217
Tarentum, Calabria, coins of, 364
Tarsus, Cilicia, tesserae of, 96, 103 ;
coins of, 369
Terina, Bruttium, coins of, 364
Tesserae of Tarsus, on distribution
of corn, 96, 103
Tetricus I, coins of, 215
Tetricus II, coins of, 215
Thebes, Boeotia, coin of, 11
eEOnATOPOS, title of, on Par-
thian coins, 192
6EOT, title of, on Parthian and
Bactrian coins, 94, 95, 192
Thyrrhemm, Acarnania, coin of,
284
Tiridates, king of Parthia, coins of,
190 et seqq.
Titiopolis, Cilicia, coin of, 293
Trajan Decius, coins of, 30, 43
Transvaal arms, error in, on coin-
age, 257
Trebonianus Gallus, coins of, 30,
44
Tripolis, Phoenicia, Actian era of,
370
Tyre, Phoenicia, era of Alexander,
370
U.
Uranopolis, Macedon, coin of, 364
V.
Valerian I, coins of, 30, 45, 212
Valerian II, coins of, 30, 47
Verbe, Pisidia, coins of, 23
Verica, unpublished silver coin of,
264
Vernon, Admiral, medal of, 180
Victorinus, coins of, 214
Viminiacum, Moesia, coin of, 364
Volusian, coins of, 30, 45
Vonones I, king of Parthia, legend
on his coins, 93
w.
Wardrobe counter of Edward III,
242
Wiglaf, king of Mercia, expelled
by Ecgberht, 82 ; his return, 83
WBOTH, WARWICK, F.S.A. :—
Greek Coins acquired by the
British Museum in 1899, 1 ;
in 1900, 244
Otanes and Phraates IV, 89
On the Re-arrangement of
Parthian Coinage, 181
Z.
Zancle, Sicily, coin of, 5
END OF VOL. XX.
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MONNAIES DE SISCIA.
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE,
THIRD SERIES. VOLS. XL— XX. 1891—1900.
INDEX.
NAMES OF THE AUTHOES AND OF THE PAPEES
CONTEIBUTED BY THEM.
ALISCHAN, S. M. :—
Posidium in Coele-Syria, xviii.
124
AMEDROZ, H. F. :—
On Arabic Coins, xiii. 76
BAGNALL-OAKELEY,MES. :—
A Hoard of Roman Coins found
at Bishop's Wood, Ross- on -
Wye, xvi. 209
BAKER, F. BRAYNE:—
Coin- Types of Asia Minor, xii.
89
Some rare or unpublished Greek
Coins, xiii. 21
BLANCHET, ADRIEN :-
Inedited gold Crown of James V
with Name of John, Duke of
Albany, xi. 203
BOYD, W. C. :—
A Find of Roman Denarii near
Cambridge, xvii. 119
Some unpublished Varieties of
Saxon Coins, xx. 265
CODRINGTON, OLIVER, M.D.,
F.S.A. :—
Coins of the Beni Rasul, &c.,
xiv. 88
Note on a gold Coin of Taghlak
Shah, xiv. 185
The Coinages of Cutch and Ka-
thiawar, xv. 59
Coins of the Bahmani Dynasty,
xviii. 259
CROWTHER, REV. G. F.,
M.A. :—
Pennies of William I and II,
xi. 25
On a Pax Penny attributed to
Witney, xi. 161
CUNNINGHAM, GENERAL SIB
ALEXANDER, K.C.I.E. :—
Coins t f the Kushans or Great
Yue-ti, xii. 40, 98
Coins of the Later Indo- Scy-
thians : — Great Kushans, xiii.
93 ; Scytho-Sassanians, 166 ;
Little Kushans, 184 ; Ephtha-
lites or White Huns, xiv.
243
EARLE-FOX, H. B. :—
Greek Coins in the Earle-Fox
Collection, xviii. 285
ELLIS, LIEUT.-COL. H. LES-
LIE:—
British Copper Tokens of the
Straits Settlements and Ma-
layan Archipelago, xv. 135
ELY, TALFOURD, F.S.A. :—
The Process of Coining as seen
in a Wail-Painting at Pompeii,
xvi. 53
EVANS, ARTHUR J., M.A.,
F.S.A. :-
Syracusan "Medallions" and
their Engravers, xi. 205
A Hoard of Coins recently di^-
covered in Western Sicily,
xi. 364
Date of the Deposit of the Naxos
Hoard, xi. 374
Contributions to Sicilian Numis-
matics, xiv. 189 ; xvi. 85
Holm's Geschichte des Sicilischen
Munzwesms, notice of, xviii.
321
INDEX OF AUTHORS AND PAPERS.
Hill's Handbook of Greek and
Roman Coins, notice of, xix.
264
EVANS, SIR JOHN, K C.B..
D.C.L., F.R.S. :—
On some rare or unpublished
Roman Medallions, xi. 152
A new Coin of Dubnovellauniis,
xi. 198
Find of Coins at Colchester, xi.
413
Coins of Henry I found in Italy,
xii. 83
Atlas et Catalogue des Monnaies
Gauloises de la Bibliotheque
Nationale, Paris, notice of,
xii. 234
Find of Coins at Nesboe, Nor-
way, xiii. 36
Reber's Fragments numismatiques
sur le Canton d'Argovie, notice
of, xiii. 149
A new Saxon Mint, Weardbyrig,
xiii. 220
Hertfordshire Tokens, xiii. 282
A small Hoard of &axon sceattas
found near Cambridge, xiv.
18
The Mint of Gothabyrig, xv. 45
Wardrobe Counters of Edward
III, xv. 168
Some rare or unpublished Roman
Medallions, xvi. 40
Ancient British Coin found near
Watford, xvi. 183
Roman Coins found at Bricken-
donbury, Herts, xvi. 191
A Hoard of Roman Coins, xviii.
126
Barnstaple as a Minting-Place,
xviii. 274
Rawlings' Story of the British
Coinage, notice of, xviii. 279
Ancient British Coin of Verulam
found at Ostend, Belgium,
xix. 262
The First Gold Coins of Eng-
land, xx. 218
EVANS, SIR JOHN, K.C.B.,
and NAPIER, PKOF. A. S.,
M.A. :—
Barnstaple as a Minting-Place,
xviii. 274
FRAZER, DE. W. : —
An unde.scribed Huguenot Me-
dal (?), xvi. 271
Bronze Medallion on the Relief
of Antwerp in 1577, xvi. 273
Three rare Medals by W. Mos-
sop, xvii. 90
Medallion of the Rt. Hon. John
Beresford and his Wife, xvii.
319
GARDNER, PROF. PERCY,
LITT.D., F.S.A. :—
Babelon' s Monnaies Grecques,
Hois de Syiie, notice of, xi.
113
GARDNER, WILLOUGHBY:—
Undescribed Penny of King
John, xvii. 249
GRANTLEY, LOED, F S.A. :—
On a unique Styca of Ethelred I
of Northumbria, xii. 87
On a unique Styca of Alchred of
Northumbria, xiii. 267
Note on a Penny of Offa with
New Type of Reverse, xvi.
270
On the North Humbrian Coin-
age of A.D. 758-808, xvii. 134
On some Unique Anglo-Saxon
Coins, xx. 148
GREEN WELL, THE REV. CANON,
F.R.S.: —
Rare Greek Coins in the Green -
well Collection, xiii. 81 ; xvii.
253
GRUEBER, H. A., F.S.A. : —
English Personal Medals from
1760, xi. 65, 377 ; xii. 227,
300
Treasure -trove from Whaplode,
Lincolnshire, xi. 203
Badge of the Guild of Silk,
Woollen and Clothworkers
and Mercers Of Middleburg-,
xii. 182
Forgeries of Roman Large Brass
Coins, xii. 255
Higgins' Copper Coins of Europe,
notice of, xiii. 239
A Find of Anglo-Saxon Coins,
xiv. 29
Montagu's Copper and Tin Coin-
ac/e, &c., 2nd ed., notice of,
xiv. 184
An unpublished Medal of Hen-
rietta Maria, xiv. 188
Ambrosoli's Manuale di Numis-
fnatica, 2nd ed., notice of, XY.
162
INDEX OF AUTHORS AND PAPERS.
Gnecchi's Monete Romane, notice
of, xv. 320
Phoenix Medalet of Elizabeth,
xvi. 274
Medal illustrating1 the Condition
of France in 1709, xvi. 275
A Find of Coins at East Wor-
lington, xvii. 145
A Find of Coins at Crediton,
xvii. 159
Bahrfeldt's Miinzkunde der r'6-
mischen Republik, notice of,
xvii. 245
Irwin's War Medals, &c., 1588-
1898, notice of, xix. 83
A rare Penny of Aethelred II,
xix. 344
Find of Roman Coins and Gold
Rings at Sully, near Cardiff,
xx. 27
An unpublished Silver Coin of
Verica, xx. 264
Phillips' Token Money of the
Bank of England, notice of,
xx. 271
GRUEBER, H. A ., F.S.A., and
LAWRENCK, L. A. :—
The Balcombe Find, xviii. 8
HASLUCK, F. W. :—
Roman Denarii found near Cam-
bridge, xvii. 251
HAVERFIELD, F., M.A.,
F.S.A. :—
On a Hoard of Roman Coins
found at Carhayes, Cornwall,
xx. 209
HEAD, BARCLAY V., D.C.L.,
PH.D. :—
Archaic Coins probably of
Cyrene, xi. 1
Mtvue Numismatique, notice of ;
1890, xi. 105; 1891, ib. 418;
1891, xii. 174; 1892, ib. 250,
326 ; xiii. 73 ; 1893, ib. 146,
230 ; xiv. 81 ; 1894, ib. 1»0,
340 ; xv. 316 ; 1896, xvi. 345
Zeitschrift fur Nnmismatik, notice
of; 1890, xi. 106; 1H92, xii.
177 ; xiii. 74 ; 1893, xiii. 232 ;
xiv. 83; 1894-5, xv. 319;
1896, xvi. 347
Svoronos' Ancient Greek Coins,
Ephemeris, It 90, notice of,
xi. 110
Raima \ 's Historical Geography of
Asia Minor , notice of, xi. Ill
Babelon's Monnaies des Rois de
Sidon, notice of, xi. 422
Ridgeway's Origin of Metallic
Currency, notice of, xii. 247
Schlosser's Catalogue of Grtek
Coins, Vienna Museum, Thessaly
to Epirus, notice of, xiii. 72
Coins recently attributed to Ere-
tria, xiii. 158
The Initial Coinage of Athens,
&c., xiii. 241
Svoronos' Coin Cabinet at Athens,
notice of, xiii. 234
Babelon's Melanges Numis-
matiques, notice of, xiii. 236
Babelon's Les Perses Achemenides,
$c., notice of, xiii. 336
Lehmann's Altbabylonische Maas-
und Gewichtssystem, notice of,
xiv. 77
Berlin Coin Catalogue, Vol. iii.
Pt. I, Etruria to Calabria,
notice of, xiv. 179
Svoronos' Britomartis, $c., notice
of, xiv. 182
Blanchet's Monnaies Grecques,
notice of, xiv. 184
Gabrici's Numismatica delf
Inter a, notice of, xiv. 339
Majr's Coins of Malta, $c.t
notice of, xiv. 343
Minton's Numismatic Biblio-
graphy, notice of, xvii. 246
Macdonald's Catalogue of Greek
Coins in the Hunterian Collec-
tion, notice of, xix. 177
Berlin Academy, Die Antiken
Munzen Nord - Griechenlands,
Vol. i. Pt. 1, notice of, xix.
362
HILL, G. F., M.A. :—
Neapolis Datenon, xiii. 255
The Coinage of Lycia to the
Time of Alexander the Great,
xv. 1
Miiller's Antike Numismatik,
notice of, xv. 161
A Portrait of Perseus of Mace-
don, xvi. 34
Oinoanda, a new Mint, xvii.
25
Clerk's Catalogue of the Coins of
the Achcean League, notice of,
xvii. 246
Solon's Reform of the Attic
SUndard, xvii. 284
Cartimandua, xvii. 293
INDEX OF AUTHORS AND PAPERS.
Posidium in Syria, xviii. 246
Babelon's Origines dela Jfonnaie,
notice of, xviii. 278
Roman 'Aurei from Pudukota,
xviii. 304
Bibliographical Notes on Greek
Numismatics, xviii. 320 ; xix.
361 ; xx. 363
Defacement of Roman Aurei
from Pudukota, xix. 82
A hoard of Cyrenaic bronze
Coins, xix. 175
Olba, Cennatis, Lalassis, xix.
181
Kennedy's article, Money, in
Hastings' Dictionary of the
Bible, notice of, xx. 270
HOBLYN, RICHARD A.,
F.S.A. :—
An unpublished Halfpenny of
Elizabeth, xiv. 84
Rare pattern Farthing or Jetton
of Mary II, xix. 362
HOWORTH, SIR HENRY H.,
K.C.I.E., F.R.S. :—
Coins recently attributed to
Eretria, xiii. 153
The Initial Coinage of Athens,
&c., xiii. 247
Some early Coins struck in.
Britain, xiii. 259
Ecgberht, King of the West
Saxons and the Kent Men,
and his Coins, xx. 66
IMHOOF-BLUMER, DR. F. : —
Griechische Miinzen, xv. 269
JOHNSTON, J. M. C. :—
Coin of Nadir Shah struck at
Bokhara, xii. 88
Coins of Nasir-ed-Dm struck at
Shooster and Herat, xii. 184
Gold and Silver Bar- money of
Mozambique, xii. 330
Mohammadan Coins, xix. 265
KENYON, R. LL., M.A. :—
The Shrewsbury Mint and its
Officers under Henry III,
xix. 112
KING, L. WHITE, C.S.I.,
F.S.A. :—
History and Coinage of the
Barakzai Dynasty of Afghan-
istan, xvi. 277
KING, L. WHITE, C.S.I.,
F S.A., and VOST, DB.
W. : —
Novelties in Moghul Coins,
xvi. 155
LAMBROS, J. P. :—
On a Coin of Hierapytna in
Crete, hitherto wrongly attri-
buted, xvii. 31
LANE-POOLE, PROP. STAN-
LEY, M.R.A.S. :—
Fasti Arabici, xii. 160
LATCHMORE, F. : —
Saxon Coins found near Hitchin,
xvii. 248
LAWRENCE, L. A. : —
English Silver Coins issued be-
tween 1461-1483, xi. 180
On a Hoard of Groats of the
Fifteenth and Sixteenth Cen-
turies, xii. 278
Coinage of Aethelbald, xiii. 40
Silver Coins of Edward III,
xiii. 46
A Rare Penny of King Stephen,
&o., xv. 110
A Find of Coins chiefly of the
time of Edward IV, xvi.
72
On some Coins of William I and
II, xvii. 226
On a Hoard of Short -cross Pen-
nies, xvii. 235
On the Mint of Barnstaple,
xvii. 302
On some Forgeries of the Coins
of Henry I ana his successors,
xix. 241
A new Variety of the Half-
groat of CharJes I, xx. 88
On the Half-noble of the Third
Coinage of Edward III, xx.
162
On a small Hoard of Groats of
Henry VI to Henry VII,
xx. 166
LAWRENCE, L. A., and
GRUEBER, H. A. :—
The Balcombe Find, xviii. 8
LOWSLEY, LIEUT.-COL. B. :—
Coins and Tokens of Ceylon,
xv. 211
LYELL, A. H., F.S.A. :—
George Fordyce and John Hun-
ter, medal of, xv. 166
INDEX OF AUTHORS AND PAPERS.
MACDONALD, G., M.A. :—
Notes on Combe's Catalogue of
the Hunter Cabinet, xvi. 144
A Find of Coins in the Lipari
Islands, xvi. 185
The Legend IATON on Coins of
Himera, xviii. 185
The Amphora Letters on Coins
of Athens, xix. 288
MAURICE, JULES :—
Essai de Classification chrono-
logique des Emissions mone-
taires de 1' Atelier d'Antioche
pendant la Periode constan-
tinienne, xix. 208
L' Atelier monetaire de Londres
(Londinium) pendant la
Periode constantinienne, xx.
108
Classification chronologique des
Emissions monetaires de
1' Atelier de Siscia pendant la
Periude constantinienne, xx.
297.
MONTAGU, H., F.S.A.: —
The Anglo-Saxon Mints of
Chester and Leicester, xi. 12
Engel and Serrure's Traite
de Numismalique du Moyen
Age, Vol. i., notice of, xi.
114
The Durham Pennies of Bishops
de Bury and Hatfield, xi.
164
Some unpublished and rare
Greek Coins in the Montagu
Collection, xii. 22
Find of Groats at Wallingfoid,
xii. 220
A Find of Coins at Fischenich,
near Cologne, xiii. 26
Engel and Serrure's Traite de
Numismatique du Moyen Age,
Vol. ii., notice of, xiv. 294
Unpublished Gold Coins of
James I, xiv. 344
Coinage of Edward V, xv. 117
Unpublished Gold Coins of Eliza-
beth, xv. 165
Further Notes concerning Bishop
de Bury and the Durham
Coinage, xv. 290
Rare and unpublished Roman
Gold Coins in the Montagu
Collection, xvii. 35
MONTAGUE, LEOPOLD A. :—
The meaning of a Monogram on
Denarii of the Fonteia Family,
xv. 290
MYRES, J. L., F.S.A. :—
Some Bronze Coins from Crete,
xiv. 89
NAPIER, PROF. A. S., M.A.,
and EVANS, SIB JOHN,
K.C.B. :—
Barnstaple as a Minting-Place,
xviii. 274
NELSON, P., M.B. :-
Coinage of the Isle of Man,
xix. 35
OMAN, C. W. C., M.A., F.S.A.:—
Half and quarter obols of Alex-
ander the Great, xiv. 186
Unpublished or rare Coins of
Smyrna in the Bodleian
Cabinet, xx. 203
PACKE, A. E., F.S.A. :—
Some Notes on the Coins of
Henry VII, xi. 34
The Types and Legends of the
Mediaeval and Later Coins of
England, xii. 257
Coinage of the Norman Kings,
xiii. 129
Ryal of Henry VII, xiii. 240
The Coinage as affected by the
Administration of Henry II,
xv. 51
An Agreement to Pay Money in
1464, xv. 164
The Coins of Stephen, xvi. 59
PAGE, SAMUEL :—
Baronial Coin of the Reign of
Stephen, xvi. 275
PEARSE, GENERAL G.,
G.C.B. :—
Unpublished Medal of Coorg,
xvii. 249
PEERS, C. R., M.A., F.S.A. :—
Swiss Bracteates in the British
Museum, xix. 12
PERDR1ZET, PAUL :—
Sur un Tetradrachme de Nabis,
xviii. 1
Deere t de Cyzique pour un
Antandrien, xix. 1
PRITCHARD, J. E., F.S.A. :—
Find of Roman Coins near Cad-
bury Camp, xvi. 238
INDEX OF AUTHORS AND PAPERS.
Bristol Tokens of the Sixteenth
and Seventeenth Centuries,
xix. 350
HA PS ON, E. J., M.A.,
M.R.A.S. :—
Notes on Gupta Coins, xi. 48
Zay's Hist. Mon. des Colonies
Franfaises, notice of, xii. 178
Markoif's Unpublished Coins of the
^Lrsacidce, notice of, xiii. 203
Webb's Currencies of the Hindu
States of Rajputdua, notice of,
xiii. 338
Cunningham's Coins of Mediaeval
India, notice of, xiv. 343
Copper Coinage of Kumara
Gupta, xv. 167
The Attribution of Certain Silver
Coins of Sansaiiian Fabric, xvi.
246
READY, W. TALBOT :—
An Unpublished Variety of the
Porto Bello Medal ; and a
Medal on the Successes of
Frederick the Great, xx. 180
RIDGE WAY, PBOF. W., M.A. : —
An Unpublished Penny of Arch-
bishop Cranmer, xi. 418
How far could the Greeks deter-
mine the Fineness of Gold
and Silver Coins?, xv. 104
RODGERS, C. J. :—
Two new Coins from the Panjab,
xvi. 268
On a new Coin of Aspa-Varma,
xix. 176
Roman Family Coins found in
India, xix. 263
ROSTOWZEW, M. :—
A£2PEA CITOY TAPCQ, xx. 96
SANDEMAN, LT.-COL. J. G.,
F.S.A.: —
On the Bezant of James I, xvi.
254
SCHINDLER, GEN. A. HOU-
TUM: —
Curiosities in the .Imperial Per-
sian Treasury, xviii. 93
SELTMANN, E. J. : -
Supposed Signs of Value on Early
(Joins of Himera, xvii. 1
The Type known as " The
Demos " on coins of Rhegium,
xvii. 173
The Picture of a Roman Mint in
the House of the Vettii, xviii.
294
The Seated Figure on Silver
Coins of Rhegium, xix. 5
Nummi Serrati and Astral Coin-
types, xix. 322
SIX, DR. J. P.:—
Monnaies Grecques, Inedites et
Incertaines, xiv. 297 ; xv.
169; xvii. 190
Monnaies Grecques, xviii. 193
Rhegiutn-locastos, xviii. 281
SMITH, SAMUEL, JUNR.: —
Silver Coin of En-Nasir, xvii.
250
STEIN, M. A., PH.D. :—
Notes on the Monetary System
of Ancient Kasmlr, xix. 125
SVORONOS, J. N. :—
Tityros or Tisyros, xi. 417
THEOBALD, W. :—
N ote on the Defacement of Roman
Aurei from Pudukota, xix.
81
THURSTON, EDGAR :—
A further Discovery of Roman
Coins in Southern India, xi.
199
VOST, DR. W., and KING, L.
WHITE, C.S.I., F.S.A.
Novelties in Moghul Coins, xvi.
155
WARREN, COL. FALKLAND,
C.M.G. : —
Notes on Coins found in Cyprus,
xi. 140
Notes on some Mediaeval Coins
of Cyprus, xii. 209
WEBER, F. PARKES, M.D.,
F.S.A. : —
Find of Roman Coins at Cologne,
xii. 182
Seventeenth- Century Medalet,
xii. 253
A Portrait Medal of Paracelsus
on his Death, xiii. 60
Richard, Eari of Cornwall, and
his corns, as King of the
Romans, xiii. 278
Medals and Medallions of the
Nineteenth Century, relating to
England, by Foreign Artists,
xiii. 286 ; xiv. 191
INDEX OF AUTHORS AND PAPERS.
Note on the Arms of Richard,
Earl of Cornwall, xiv. 87
Medal of Lieut.-Col. Sir P. Ross,
xiv. «7
Portrait Medal of Paracelsus,
xv. 154
Medals of Centenarians, &c., xv.
301 ; xvii. 309
Perkins' School Tokens of the
Seventeenth Century, xvi.
262
The Jenner Medal, xvi, 348
Medals of Priam, Augustus, &c.,
attributed to Alessandro Ces-
sati, xvii. 314
Medals by W. Mossop, xvii.
318
WEBER, SIR HERMANN,
M.D.:—
On Some Unpublished or Rare
Greek Coins, xii. 185, 331 ;
xvi. 1
Coins of Mende, xviii. 251
On Finds of Archaic Greek Coins
in Lower E^ypt, xix. 269
WHYMPER, E. :—
Discovery of Roman Coins on the
Summit of the Theodule Pass,
xvii. 127
WROTH, WARWICK, F.S.A.:-
Svoronos' Numismatique de la
Crlte Ancienne, notice of, xi.
109
Corrections as to Greek Coins in
the British Museum, xi. 116
Greek Coins acquired by the
British Museum in 1890, xi.
117; in 1891, xii. 1; in 1892,
xiii.l ; in 1893, xiv. 1 ; in 1894,
xv. 89; in 1895, xvi. 85; in
1896, xvii. 93 ; in 1897, xviii.
97 ; in 1898, xix. 85 ; in 1899,
xx. 1 ; in 1900, ib. 273
Eupolemus, xi. 135
Ambrosoli's Numismatica, notice
of, xi. 425
Svoronos' Coins relating to the
Nurture of the Infant Zeus in
Crete, notice of, xiii. 237
Tickets of Vauxhall Gardens,
xviii. 73
Otanes and Phraates IV, xx. 89
On the Re-arrangement of
Parthian Coinage, xx. 181
GENEEAL INDEX.
NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE. THIRD SERIES.
VOLS. XI.— XX. 1891—1900.
A.
Aachen, coins struck at, xiii.
278
Aargau, Canton, coins of, xiii.
149
Abbasi Khalif, coin of G-hurshls-
tan, xiv. 88
Abbasi Khalif s, coins of, xiii. 160,
170, 172 ; xix. 265
Abdera, Thrace, coins of, xii. 3,
27; xiii. 4, 87; xvi. 11; xvii.
273 ; xviii. 100 ; xx. 278
Abdsasan, satrap of Sinope, coin
of, xii. 253 ; xiii. 7
Abd-ur- Rahman, cuins of, xvi. 307,
341
Aberystwith shillings, xvii. 152
Abramson or Abrahamson, A.,
medallist, xiv. 148
Acarnania, coins of, xii. 9
Accilaeum, Phrygia, coins of, xx.
368
Ace, Galilaea. era of Alexander
the Great, xx. 370
Achaean League, coins of the, xx.
286
Achaia, coins of, xix. 254
Ad ana, Cilicia, coins of , xv 192
Adramyteum, Mysia, coins of, xiv.
10; xviii. 107
Aegae, Macedonia, coins of, xii.
5; xv. 203
Aegean Islands, coins of the, xviii.
120
Aeeina, coins of, xi. 127 ; xiii. 5 ;
xix. 273 ; xx. 285
Aegium, Achaia, coins of, xviii.
292, 328 ; xx. 12
Aelfwald I, King of Northumbria,
coins of, xvii. 137
Aelf wald II, King of Northumbria,
coins of, xvii. 140
Aelia Flaccilla, coius of, xii. 180
Aelius Caesar, coins of, xvii. 59;
xviii. 136, 139
Aemilianus, coin of, xvii. 85
Aenus, Thrace, coins of, xi. 118 ;
xii. 4, 188 ; xvii. 274
Aeolis, coins of, xix. 256
" Aes signatum," xvii. 95
Aethelbald, King of Wessex, coins
of, xiii. 40
Aetheldaed of Mercia, her history,
xiii. 222
Aethelred I, King of Northumbria,
styca of, xii. 87
Aethelred I, King of "Wessex, coin
of, xvii. 248
Aethelred II, King of Northum-
bria, coins of, xx. 266
Aethelred II, King of Wessex,
coins of, xiii. 36 ; xv. 45 ; xvii.
304 ; xix. 344 ; xx. 267
Aethelstan I, King of East Auglia,
coins of, xiv. 51
Aethelstan, King of Wessex, coins
of, xiii. 220
Aethelwulf , King of Wessex, coins
of, xiv. 67 ; a new variety, xx.
160
Aethelwulf, King of Wessex, and
Berhtwulf, King of Mercia,
unique coin of, xx. 154
Aetolian League, coin of, xi. 126
Aezani, Phrygia, coin of, xix. 103
Afghanistan, coins of, xvi. 277
Agathocleg, African gold stater of,
xiv. 237
Agathopolis, Thracian Chersonese,
coin of, xvi. 88
" Agnus Dei " type on Saxon
coins, xi. 344
Agreement to pay money in 1454,
ihe performance of, xv. 164
Agrippa, large coin of, xi. 153
Agrippina and Caligula, coin of,
xviii. 309
GENERAL INDEX.
Agrippina and Nero, coin of, xvii. 44
Ahmad Shah Wall Bahraan, coing
of, xviii. 266
Ailios, dynast of Scythia, coin of,
xix. 89
Ajax, son of Teucer, coins of, xix.
189
Aka Muhammad Khan, coins of,
xviii. 93
Akbar, coins of, xvi. 160, 179
Akragas, Sicily, coins of, xi. 365 ;
xiv. 209
Ala-ad-Dm Ahmad Shah, coins of,
xviii. 267
Ala-ad-Din Hasan Shah Gangu
Bahmani, coins of, xviii- 263
Ala-ad-Dm Humayun Shah, coins
of, xviii. 268
Alabanda, Caria, under name of
Antiochia, xx. 368
Alalia (?), Corsica, coin of, xii. 185
Alamgir II, coins of, xvi. 175
Albany, John, Duke of, and James
V of Scotland, gold crown of,
xi. 203
Albinus, Clodius, coins of, xvii.
120; xviii. 150
Albiruni on the Vikrama and Saka
eras, xiv. 251
Alchred, King of Northumbria,
stycas of, xiii. 267 ; xvii. 135
Alexander I of Macedon, coins of,
xvi. 16 ; xvii. 277
Alexander I.I, Zebina, of Syria,
coins of, xii. 36 ; xvii. 115
Alexander III (the Great) of Ma-
cedon, coins of, xi. 122 ; xii.
26; xiii. 3, 11 ; xiv. 3, 186;
xv. 199 ; xvii. 101 ; xviii. 99 ;
xx. 277
Alexander III (the Great), coins of
Side under, xvii. 196
Alexander III (the Great), era of,
in Phoenicia, xx. 369
Alexander III (the Great), medal
of, xvii. 314
Alexander III (the Great), portrai-
ture of, xx. 364
Alexander III of Scotland, coins
of, xviii. 10, 36
Alexander IV, Aegus, coin of, xii .
26; portrait of, xx. 371
Alexander, son of Crateros, coin
of, struck at Carystus, xiv. 299
Alexander, tyrant of Pherae, coins
of, xi. 124 ; xvii. 104
Alexander Bala, coins of, XT. 148
Alexander Severus, see Severus,
Alexander
Alexandria, Egypt, imperial coins
of, xvii. 117; xx. 371
Alexandria, Troas, coins of, xviii.
109 ; xix. 98
Alfred the Great, King of Wessex,
coins of, xx. 266
All Mahommed, of Afghanistan,
coins of, xvi. 289
Alyzia, Acarnania, coin of, xx. 284
Amadocus II (?), King of the
Odrysae, coin of, xi. 119
Amastris, Paphlagonia, coins of,
xv. 275 ; xviii. 328
Amathus, Cyprus, coins of, xvi. 31
Amaury, King of Cyprus, coin of,
xii. 216
Amawls of Spain, coin of, xii. 162
Amblada, Pisidia, coin of, xix. 106
Ambrosoli, Solone, his Manuale di
Numismatica noticed, xi. 425 ;
xv. 162
Amir-el-Umara, coin of, xii. 170
Amisus, Pontus, coin of, xx. 16
Amorium, Phrygia, coin of, xiii. 14
Amphipolis, Macedonia, coins of,
xii. 25; xvii. 99
Amphora letters on coins of
Athens, xix. 288
Amyntas, Galatia, coin of. xx. 367
ANAN engraver at Messana, xvi.
123
Anchiale, Cilicia, coins of, xiv. 320
Andragoras, satrap of Parthia,
coin of, xiii. 204
Andrieu, B., medallist, xiii. 291 ;
xiv. 148
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, its value
as a record, xx. 66
Anglo-Saxon coins, find of, xiv.
29 ; unique, xx. 148 ; unpub-
lished varieties of, ib. 265
Anglo-Saxon "trientes," xiii. 259
Animals on Greek coins, xx. 373
Antandrus, Troas, coins of, xviii.
109 ; xix. 1
Antigonus, King of Asia, coins of,
xviii. 219 ; xx. 7
Antimachus, King of Bactria, title
of Theos, xviii. 332 ; coin of,
xix. 107
Antioch, chronological classifica-
tion of coins of the Constantino
period of, xix. 208
Antiochia ad Cragum, coins of, XT,
287
10
GENERAL INDEX.
Antiochia ad Orontem, coin of,
xviii. 33 1
Antiochia, Pisidia, coin of, xx. 21
Antiochia, Syria, coins of, xx. 369
Antioehia-Gferasa, Decapolis, title
of, xx. 369
Antiochus I, King of Syria, coins
of, struck for Babylon, xviii.
222, 2bO, 240, 243
Antlochus II, King of Syria, coins
of, struck for Babylon, xviii. 227
Antiochus III, King of Syria,
coins of, x\ ii. 21
Antiochus V (Eupator), King of
Syria, coins of, xvii. 213
Antiochus VI, King of Syria, coin
of, xx. 294
Antiochus VIII (Grypus) and Cleo-
patra of Syria, coin of, xx. 25
Antiochus Hierax, King of Syria.
coins of, xviii 233, 239
Antoiiia, coins of, xi. 200 ; xviii.
308
Antonia family, coins of, xvii. 36
Antoninus Pius, coins of, xi. 414 ;
xiii. 13, 19; xv. 288; xvii. 59 ;
xviii. 106, 112, 136, 169; xx. 22
Antoninus Pius, medallions of,
xi. 154 ; xvi. 47
Antoninus Pius and M. Aurelius,
coin of, xi. 146
Antony, Mark, coin of, xix. 263
Antwerp, relief of, in 1577, me-
dallion of, xvi. 273
Apamea, Phrygia, coins of, xviii.
330 ; xx. 368
Aperlae, dynasts of, xv. 17
Aphrodisias, Caria, coins of, xviii.
330 ; xx. 368
Apollonia ad Rhyndacum, coin of,
xix. 96
Apollonia Pontica, Thrace, coin of,
xx. 280
Apollonius Tyaneus, contorniate
of, xv. 302
Aptera, Crete, coins of, xi. 128;
xx. 15
Aquilia Severa, coins of, xvi. 196 ;
xvii. 123
Arabia, coins of, xix. 259
Arabic coins, xii. 160 ; xiii. 76
Aradus, Phoenicia, coins of, xi.
133; xii. 174; xiii. 20; xviii.
331 ; xx. 370
Aramaic coin, xi. 133
Arbbim, dynast of Lycia (?), coins
of, xv. 37
Arcadia, coins of, xii. 28 ; xix.
255 ; xx. 366
Arcadians, obolus of, with OA, xv.
271
Arcadius, coins of, xii. 181
Archaic coins of Gyrene, xi. 1
Archaic Greek coins, xii. 189, 202
Archelaus, King of Cappadocia,
coins of, xvii. 115
ABDOKHSHO, legend on coins of
the Kushans, xii. 77, 112, 127,
143
ARDVIKHSKO, legend on coins
of the Kushans, xii 101
Arethusa, head of, on Syracusan
coins, xi. 243
Argos, Argolis, coins of, xviii.
293; xx. 366
Ariarathes IX, King of Cappa-
docia, portrait of, xviii. 331
Arion on dolphin on Vauxhall
tickets, xviii. 70
Aristaeus on coins of Rhegium,
xvii. 180
Arsaces I, King of ParthU, coins
of, xx. 190 et seqq.
Arsaces II, King of Parthia, coin
of, xiii. 296
Arsacid Kings of Parthia, list of,
xx. 183 ; portraits of, \b. 370
Arsacidae, coins of the, xiii. 203
Arsacidae of Elymais, coins of the,
xiii. 217
Arsinoe II of Egypt, coins of, xx.
371
Artabanus I, King of Parthia,
coins of, xiii. 210 ; xx. 184 ct
seqq.
Artabanus II, King of Parthia,
coins of, xx. 195 et seqq.
Artist, a new Syracusau, xi. 231
Artumbara, dynast of Telmissus
(?), coin of, xv. 32
Aruvadiyasi, dynast of Lycia,
coin of, xv. 38
Asia Minor, electrum coins of, xvi.
99
Aspavarma, an Indian Prince, coin
of, xix. 176
A spend us, Pamphylia, coins of,
xv. 2S6
" As soone as wee to Ve begunne,"
&c., medalet inscribed, xii. 253
Assus, My>-ia, coin of, xii. 203
Astral coin types and ' ' nummi ser-
rati," xix. 322
Athens, Attica, coins of, xi. 1^6
GENERAL INDEX.
11
222, 364; xiii. 5 ; xv. 172;
xviii. 289 ; xix. 93, 253, 288 ;
xx. 365
Athens, coin cabinet at, xiii, 234
Athens, gold coin of Mithradates
of Fontus, struck at, xvii. 105
Athens, initial coinage of, xiii.
241, 247
A0AA on medallions of Syracuse,
xi. 213, 239
Athol coinage for the Isle of
Man, xix. 59
ATHSHO, legend on coins of
the Kushaus, xii. 75, 105, 107,
132
Atrax, Thessaly, coins of, xvi. 16
Attaea, Mysia, coin of, xx. 288
Attic Standard, Solon's reform of
the, xvii. 284
Attuda, Phrygia, coins of, xii. 17 ;
xiii. 14
Augustus, coins of, xi. 199; xiii.
17 ; xvii. 40 ; xviii. 305 ; xix. 264
Augustus, Cypriote coin of, xi.
146
Augustus, medal of, xvii. 314
Aurangzib, coins of, xvi. 169, 180
Aurei, Eoman, found in India,
xviii. 305
Aurelianus, coins of, xvi. 241 ;
xvii. 129; xvrii. 118 ; xx. 216
Aurelius, Marcus, coins of, xi.
414; xvii. 61, 132; xviii. 140,
170; xx. 12, 19, 23, 33
Aurelius, Marcus, medallion of, xi.
156
Aurelius and Antoninus, coin of
Cyprus, xi. 146
Aurelius and Verus, coin of Sehaste,
xv. 278
ATTO KPATOP02, title, its earliest
occurrence on coins of Parthia,
&c., xx. 193
Autophradates of Tarsus, &c.,
coins of, xiv. 326
Ayyub Khan of Afghanistan, coins
of, xvi. 301
Ayyubis, coins of the, xii. 169 ;
xiii. 76
B
Baana of Myriandros, coins of, xiv.
332
Babar, coins of. xvi. 158
Babel on, E., Catalogue des Monnaies
Grecques, Jtois de Syrie, noticed,
xi. 113; Monnaies det JRois de
Sidon, &c., noticed, ib. 422 ;
Melanges Numismatiques, noticed,
xiii. 234 ; Catalogue des Monnaits
des Perses Achemenides, &c.,
noticed, ib. 336 ; Lea Originex
de la Monnaie, noticed, xviii.
278
Bactria, coin of Antimachus, xviii.
332
Bactrian Kings, portraiture of, xx.
370
Bahmam Dynasty, coins of the,
xviii. 259
Bahrfeldt, Major M., his Miinz-
kunde der romischen Republik,
noticed, xvii. 245
Bahri Memluks, coins of the, xii.
169
Baillot, Louis Victor, medal of,
xvii. 311
Balcombe, Sussex, find of coins at,
xviii. 8
Baldred, King of Kent, coins of,
xiv. 43 ; expelled by Ecgberht,
xx. 79
Barakzai dynasty, coins of the,
xvi. 277
Barce, Cyrenaica, coins of, xiv. 17
Bardney, the mint of, disproved,
xvii. 302
Bargasa, Caria, coins of, xx. 368
Bari, coins of Henry I found at,
xii. 83
Baris, Pisidia, coins of, xiv. 15 ;
xviii. 17
Barnt-taple, mint of, its history,
xvii., 302 ; xviii. 274
Baronial coin of the reign of
Stephen, xvi. 275
Barre, D. A., medallist, xiv. 149
Barre, J. J., medallist, xiii. 291 ;
xiv. 149
Barsurie, Spain, coin of, xx. 363
B AS I A EYONTO2, title on Parthian
and Bactrian coins, xx. 94,
95
Basle, bracteates of, xix. 16
Batchworth Bridge Token, xiii.
283
Batiha, coin of a chief of the, xii.
165
Bauert, G. V., medallist, xiii. 292
Bawendi, coins uf the, xii. 165,
170
Beaumont, Louis, Bishop of Dur-
ham, his coinage, xv. 291
12
GENERAL LNDEX.
Bern Rasul, coins of, struck at
San'a, &c., xiv. 88
Beni Zongi, coins of the, xii.
168
Beornwulf, King of Mercia, coins
of, xiv. 38
Berenice II of Egypt, coin of, xx.
296
Beresford, Rt. Hon. John and
his wife, medallion of, xvii.
319
Berhtwulf, King of Mercia, and
Aethelwulf, King of Wessex,
unique coin of, xx. 154
Berlin Academy, Die Antiken
Mimzen Nordgriechenlaitds, no-
ticed, xix. 362
Berlin, coins ot the South African
Republic b truck at, xx. 257
Berlin Museum, Greek coins in the,
xiv. 179
Berne, bracteates of, xix. 19
Berwick, coins struck at, xviii. 23,
74
Beudus Vetus, Phrygia, coins of,
xvi. 25
Bezant of James I, xvi. 254
Bharana or Jarana, coins of, xiv.
284
Bibliographical notes on Greek
Numismatics, xviii. 326 ; xix.
251 ; xx. 363
Bierens, Cornelia, medal of, xv.
310
Birmingham, Transvaal coins
struck at, xx. 253
Bisaltae, Macedonia, coin of, xvii.
277
Bishop's Wood, Ross-on-Wye,
Roman coins found at, xvi. 209
Bithynia, uncertain coin of, xviii.
329 ; coins of, xix. 256
Bithynian coin of Nicomedes II
(r% xi. 130
Bithynium, coin of, xviii. 105
Blachere, — , medallist, xiii. 292
Blanchet, A., his Monnaies Grecques,
noticed, xiv. 184
Boars head mint-mark on coins of
Edward V, xv. 117
Bodleian Collection, Gupta coins
in, xi. 60 ; unpublished or rare
coins of Smyrna in, xx. 203
Bodostor of Sidon, coins of, xiv.
334
Boehm, Sir J. E.,- medallist, xiii.
293 ; xiv. 150
Boeotia, coins of, xvi. 17; xviii.
327 ; xix, 253
Bokhara, coin of Nadir Shah
struck at, xii. 88
Bonnardel, P. A. H., medallist,
xiv. 150
Borrel, V. M., medallist, xiii. 293
Bovy, J. F. A., medallist, xiii.
294 ; xiv. 151
Box, bronze, Roman, found at
Honley, xvii. 293
Boyard, — , medallist, xiii. 296
Bracteates, Swiss, xix. 12
Breed veld, Pietertje, medal of, xv.
309
Brenet, L., medallist, xiii. 296
Brenet, N. G. A., medallist, xiii.
296
Bretigny, the treaty of, xviii. 66
Bretwalda, title of, xx. 78
Brichaut, A., medallist, xiv. 151
Brickendonbury, Roman coins
found at, xvi. 191
Bridport, Alexander Hood, 1st
Viscount, medal of, xii. 300
Brigantes, coins of the, xvii. 293
Bristol, coins struck at, xviii. 22 ;
tokens of, xix. 350
British coins, discovery of, near
Watford, xvi., 183 ; at Honley,
xvii. 293
British Museum, Greek coins ac-
quired by the, in 1889, correc-
tions, xi. 110 ; in 1590, ib. 117 ;
in 1891, xii. 1 ; in 1892, xiii. 1 ;
in 1893, xiv. 1 ; in 1894, xv. 89 ;
in 1895, xvi. 85 ; in 1896, xvii.
93 ; in 1897, xviii. 97 ; in 1898,
xix. 85 ; in 1899, xx. 1 ; in 1900,
ib. 273
British Museum, new Medal Room
built, xiii. 79
British Museum, Swiss Bracteates
in the, xix. 12
Britomartis on Cretan coins, xiv.
182
Briula, Lydia, coin of, xiii. 13
Bronze box, Roman, found at
Honley, xvii. 293
Bronze rings, late Celtic, found at
Honley, xvii. 296
Broughton, John Cam, Lord, medal
of, xii. 242
Brnzus and Ococlea, alliance of,
xii. 208
Buddha on coins of Kanishka, xii.
57, 62, 80, 158
GENERAL INDEX.
13
Burgdorf, bracteates of, xix. 19
Burgers, Thomas. President of the
Transvaal Republic, issues gold
coins, xx. 253, 254
Burgred, King of Mercia, coins
of, xvii. 248 ; xx. 266
Bury, Bishop de, of Durham, his
coins, xi. 164 ; xv. 290
Bury St. Edmunds, coins of, xvii.
243 ; xviii. 24
Butting bull, evolution of type of,
on Sicilian, &c., coins, xvi. 135
Buweyhls, coins of the, xii. 162,
170
C
Cadbury Camp, Clevedon, coins
found near, xvi. 238
Cadyanda, Syria, coins of, xviii.
200, 212
Caesarea, Cappadocia, coins of, xx.
367
Caesarea - Germanica, Bithynia,
coin of, xv. 98
Caesarea-Panias, Trachonitis, coin
of, xx. 294
Caesarea and Smyrna, coin of, xvi.
99
Caesius, L., monogram on denarius
of, xv. 162
Calchedon, Bithynia, coins of, xii.
15 ; xx. 287
Gales, Campania, coin of, xvi. 186
Caligula, coins of, xi. 200 ; xvii.
43 ; xviii. 309, 310 ; xx. 207
Caligula and Agrippina, coin of,
xviii. 309
Camarina, Sicily, coins of, xi. 292,
365 ; xvii. 24
Cambridge, Saxon sceattas found
near, xiv. 8 ; Roman denarii
found near, xvii. 119, 251
Came, Aeolis, coin of, xvi. 94
Camirus, Rhodes, coin of, xvi. 25
Campano-Tarentine coins, xvi. 188
Camperdown, Viscount, medals of,
xi. 66
Candy ba, Lycia, coins of, xviii.
200
Canterbury, short cross pennies of,
xvii. ^39 ; aede vacante coins, xiv.
47 ; coins of, in the Balcombe
Find, xviii. 23, 24, 27
Cappadocia, coins of, xix. 258
Capsa, Macedonia, coin of, xx. 275
Caque, A. A., medallist, xiii. 298 ;
xiv. 152
Caracalla, coins of, xi. 415, 416 ;
xiii. 14; xv. 284, 285 ; xvi. 194 ;
xvii. 72, 171 ; xviii. 105, 112, 157,
174 ; xx. 8, 23, 29, 34, 100
Carausius, coins of, xvi. 244, 346 ;
xx. 30, 48
Cardia, Thraeian Chersonese, coins
of, xv. 185
Cardiff, Roman coins and rings
found at Sully, near, xx. 27
Carhayes, Cornwall, Roman coins
found at, xx. 209
Caria, coins of, xix. 256
Cartimandua, coin of, xvii. 293
Carthage, coins of, xi. 302, 304 ;
xix. 110; coin of, struck in Sicily,
xx. 275
Carystus, Euboea, coins of, xii. 31 ;
xviii. 288
Carystus, Euboea, coin struck by
Alexander, son of Crateros, xiv.
299
Catana, Sicily, coins of, xi. 292,
365
Catana and Leontini, alliance coin
of, xvi. 128
Catherine Cornaro of Cyprus, coin
of, xii. 218
Cato, M., quinarius of, xiv. 99
Caulonia, Bruttii, coin of, xvii.
98
Caunois, F. A., medallist, xiii. 300
Cebren, Troas, restoration of, as
Antiochia, xx. 367
Celenderis, Cilicia, coins of, xii. 36 ;
xvi. 25
Cennatis, Cilicia, coins of, xix. 181
Centenarians, medals of, xv. 301 ;
xvii. 309
CeolDoth, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, coins of, xiv. 50
Ceolwulf I, King of Mercia, coins
of, xiv. 35
Cerasus, Pontus, coin of, xiii. 7
Ceretapa, Phrygia, coin of, xvi. 97
Cesati, Alessandro, medallibt, xvii,
314
Ceylon, coins and tokens of, xv. 211
Chach-Nama, a history of Sindh,
quoted, xiv. 248
Chalcetor, Caria, coins of, xx. 368
Chalcidice, coins of, xvii. 100;
xviii. 99
Chalcis, Euboea, coin of, xviii. 289
Chalmers, Robert, his History of
14
GENERAL INDEX.
the Currency in the British Colonies,
noticed, xiii. 228
Chandra Gupta I, coins of, xi. 52
Chandra Gupta II, coins of, xi. 54
Characene, coins of, xix. 259
Chares of Sigeium, coins of, xiv.
306
Charlemagne, coin of, found in
England, xiv. 69
Charles I, coins of, legends on, xii.
267, 275 ; found at East Wor-
lington and Crediton, xvii. 150,
165 ; local mints of, ib. 154, 166 ;
new variety ot half-groat of, xx.
88
Charles II, coins of, legends on, xii.
268, 277 ; found at Crediton. xvii.
168
Charles IX of France, counter of,
xvi. 271
Chersonnesus, coin of, xii. 198
Chester and Leicester, Anglo-
Saxon mints of, xi. 12
Chevreul, Michel E., medals of,
xv. 313
Chichester, short cross pennies
struck at, xvii. 242
Chios, coins of, xix. 276
Christian emblems on Roman coins,
xvi. 223
Chur, bracteates of, xix. 20
Cibyra, Phrygia, coin of, xvi. 98
Cidramus, Caria, coin of, xviii. 112
Cieriuin, Thessaly, coins of, xix.
91
Cilbiani Superiores, Lydia, coin of,
xiii. 13
Cilicia, coins of, xii. 35 ; xv. 203 ;
xix. 258
Cios, coins of, xiv. 311
Cirta, Numidia, coins of, xx. 271
Citium, Cyprus, coins of, xi. 142
Claudius I, coins of, xi. 146, 201 ;
xvii. 43 ; xviii. 310
Claudius II, Gothicus, coins of,
xvi. 212, 240 ; xvii. 132 ; xx.
2 10, 344
Clazomenae, Ionia,' coins of, xv.
283 ; xviii. 329
Clazomenae, Ionia, coins -wrongly
attributed to, xi. 9
Cleopatra and Antiochus VIII
(Grypus) of Syria, coins of, xx.
25
Clerk, Major-Gen. M. G., his Cata-
logue of the Coins of the Achaean
League, noticed, xvii. 246
Clodius Albinus, see Albinus, Clo-
aius
Cnidus, Caria, coins of, xi. 131 ;
xii. 35, 204 ; xvdi. 330 ; xx. 368
Cnossus, Crete, coins of, xiii. 11 ;
xvi. 18, 90; xx. 366
Cnut, King of England, coins of,
xiii. 36; xv. 45 ; xvii. 304 ; xx.
268
Codrula, Pisidia, coin of, xv. 101
Coemvuif , King of Mercia, coins of,
xiv. 31
Coining, process of, in house of the
Vettii, at Pompeii, xvi. 53
Colbassa, Pisidia, coins of, xx. 22
Colchester, find of coins at, xi. 413
Colchis (?), coin of, xiii. 88
Cologne, Roman coins found at,
xii. 179; coins struck at, xiii.
279
Colophon, Ionia, coins of, xv. 279 ;
xix. 278 ; its magistrate, xx. 367
Colybrassus, Cilicia, coin of, xx. 292
Combe's Catalogue of the Hunter
Collection, corrections in, x"vi. 144
Commodus, coins of, xi. 415; xiii.
21, 23 ; xvi. 192 ; xvii. 57 ; xviii.
115,170; xx. 11
Commodus, medallions of, xi. 157 ;
xvi. 51
Cornnenus, Isaac, coins of, xi. 147 ;
xii. 209
Constance, bracteates of, xix. 20
Constans, coins of, xvi. 228, 236,
245 ; xix. 238, 239 ; xx. 354
et seqq.
Constantino I, the Great, coins of,
xvi. 215, 234; xvii. 13'2; xix.
211 et seqq. ; xx. Ill et seqq. ; 301
et seqq.
Constantino I, period of, coins
struck at Antioch, xix. 208 ; at
London, xx. 108 ; at Siscia, ib.
297
Constantino II, coins of, xvi. 225,
236 ; xvii. 129 ; xix. 229 et seqq. ;
xx. 135 et seqq., 324 et seqq.
" Constantinopolis," coins of, xvi.
2 19, 236; xvii. 133 ; xix. 238 ; xx.
355 et seqq.
Constantius I, Chli.rus, coins of,
xvi. 244; xix. 211 et aeqq. ; xx.
110, 301 et seqq.
Constantius II, coins of, xvi. 229,
236 ; xx. 146, 346 et seqq.
Constantius Gallun, coins of, xvii.
129
GENERAL INDEX.
15
Coorg, medal of, xvii. 249
Coquardon, — , medallist, xiii. 300
Cormth, coins of, xiii. 24 ; xiv. 4 ;
xviii. 290 ; xix. 254, 273 ; xx.
286, 365
Corn, distribution of, at Tarsus, &c.,
tesserae of, xx. 96, 103, 105
Cornaro, Catherine, of Cyprus, coin
of, xii. 218
Corneille, P., medal of, xv. 308
Cornelia gens, coin of, xvii. 38
Curoneia, Boeotia, coins of, xviii.
287
Corpus Numorum, die antiken Mi'm-
zen Nordgriechenlands, noticed,
xix. 362
Cos, coins of, xii. 205; xvi. 25 ; xix.
103, 257; xx. 18, 3b8
Cos, nnd of coins at, xi. 1
Cossura, coins of, xx. 372
Cotys II, King of Bosporus, coin
of, xvii. 112
Couriguer, — , medallist, xiii. 301 ;
xiv. 152
Cranmer, Archbishop, penny struck
by, xi. 418
Crannon, Thessaly, coin of, xx. 365
Crediton, find of coins at, xvii.
159
Crete, coins of, xi. 109, 128 ; xii.
201; xiii. 237; xiv. 89; xviii.
328 ; xix. 255
Crete, province of, coins of, xx. 366
Crimisus, Sicily, omen of, xiv.
233 ; altar of, xvi. 140
Crispina, coins of, xviii. 149, 170 ;
xx. 208
Crispus, coin of, xvi. 223 ; xix. 229
et seqq. ; xx. 135 et seqq., 324
et seqq,
Croesus, coin of, xviii. 116
Cromwell, Oliver, coins of, xii. 268,
276
Croton, Bruttii, coins of, xii, 23 ;
xvi. 5, 106 ; xvii. 12, 271 ; xviii.
326
Croton and Messana, coin of, xvii.
13
Croton and Sybaris, coin of, xvi. 9
Cufic coins, xiii. 30
Cumae, Campania, coins of, xvi. 1
Cunningham, Sir Alexander, his
Coins of Mediaeval India, noticed,
xiv. 343
Cupids, three, on Vauxhall tickets,
xviii. 83
Cutch, the coinage of, xv. 59
Cuthred, King of Kent, coins of,
xiv. 43
Cyclades, coins of the, xix. 255
Cydoma, Crete, coins of, xiv. 9,
100
Cyme, ^Eolis, coins of, xii. 17 ; xv.
99
Cyprus, coins of, xi. 140 ; xvi. 29-
32 ; xix. 258
Cyprus, mediaeval coins of, xi. 147 ;
xii. 209
Gyrene, coins of, xi. 1, 266 ; xii. 19,
38 ; xiii. 91 ; xvii. 220, 279 ; xviii.
119 ; xix. 109, 175, 259, 280-287 ;
xx. 371
Cyrrhestica, coins of, xv. 206
Cythera, coins of, xii. 13
Cythnos (?), coin of, xvi. 20
Cyzicus, Mysia, coins of, xii. 16,
32, 96; xiii. 8, 81 ; xvi. 20, 91 ;
xvii. 112, 253-258; xviii. 108,
197, 329 ; xx. 367
Cyzicus, Mysia, decree of, xix. 1
D.
Daege, E., painter and medallist,
xiv. 152
Daldis, Lydia, coin of, xiii. 13
Damareteion, history of the, xi.
525 ; a new die of the, xiv. 189 ;
its place in the Syracusan coin-
age, ib. 195
Dantzell, J., medallist, xiii. 301
Dardanus, Troas, coins of, xii. 16 ;
xx. 17
Darius III of Persia, coins of, xv.
206
Datamas of Cappadocia, coins of,
xv. 169
David II of Scotland, coins of,
xviii. 10, 36
David d' Angers, P. J., medallist,
xiii. 301 ; xiv. 153
Ddanavala of Lycia, coins of, xv^
37
Dean, Forest of, Roman coins
found in, xvi. 210
Decentius, coins of, xvii. 130
Defaced Roman coins found in
India, xviii. 304
Deities, &c., on Greek coins, xx.
372
Delmatius, coins of, xvi. 224, 235 ;
xix. 239 ; xx. 358 et seqq.
Delos, coins of, xii. 201 ; xv. 179
xx. 16, 287
16
GENERAL INDEX.
Deloye, Gr., medallist and sculptor,
xiv. 153
Delphi, Phocis, coins of, xiii. 21 ;
xviii. 101 ; xx. 365
Demeter, head of, xi. 310; on
coins, xii. H3
Demetrius, coin of, struck in
Aetolia, xiv. 297
Demetrius Poliorcetes, coins of,
xiii. 3 ; xx. 364
Demetrius II, Nicator, of Syria,
coins of, xv. 199 ; xx. 24
Demos, the, on coins of Rhegium,
xvii. 173 ; xviii. 281
Dendrophoros on coins of Mag-
nesia, Ionia, xv. 284
D'Eon, Chevalier, medal of, xi. 78
Depaulis, A. J., medallist, xiii.
'606
Derby family, coinage of, for Isle
of Man, xix. 50
Desaide-Roquelay, — , publisher of
medals, xiv. 153
Desboeufs, A., medallist, xiii. 307
' ' Descente en Angleterre, ' ' medals
of, xiii. 326
Desforges, — , medallist, xiv. 154
Deva Shahi Khinggila, coins of,
xiv. 278
Diadumenianus, coins of, xvi.
195 ; xvii. 76 ; xviii. 164, 178
Dicaea, Macedonia, coins of, xiii. 1
Dicaea, Thrace, coins of, xvi. 12 ;
xvii. 22, 275 ; xix. 270
Dictynna, Crete, coin of, xx. 366
Didius Julianus, coins of, xvii. 68 ;
xviii. 150, 171
Diocletian, coins of, xvi. 213, 243 ;
xvii. 132 ; xx. 29, 30, 32, 57
Dionysius of Syracuse, tin coinage
of, xi. 359 ; monetary frauds of,
xiv. 216
Disselboom, the, on Transvaal
coins, xx. 257
Dissenhofen, bracteate of, xix. 22
Domard, J. F., medallist, xiii.
308; xiv. 154
Domitian, coins of, xiii. 13, 24;
xiv. 100 ; xvii. 53, 55 ; xviii.
130 ; xix. 186
Donadio, — , medallist, xiii. 309
A12PEA CITOY TAP2Q, xx. 96
Dortmund, coin of, xiii. 279
Dost Mohammad of Afghanistan,
coins of, xvi. 284, 327, 329, 331
Double daric of Persian king, xi,
133
Dove, the Holy, on Saxon coins,
xix. 344
Droz, J. P., medallist, xiii. 310
Drusus, Nero, coins of, xviii. 308
Dubnovellaunus, new coin of, xi.
198
Dubois, A., medallist, xiii. 311
Dubois, E. J., medallist, xiii. 315 ;
xiv. 155
Dubois, F., medallist, xiii. 315;
xiv. 154
DVMNOVE, legend on British
coins, xvii. 299
Duppa, Richard, medal of, xi. 68
Dupre, A., medallist, xiii. 316
Durand, A., medallist, xiii. 317 ;
xiv. 155
Durham, Episcopal coins of
Bishops de Bury and Hatfield,
xi. 164 ; xiii. 55 ; xv. 290 ; found
at Balcombe, xviii. 23, 25, 28,
52, 56
Dutch coins current in Ceylon, xv.
225
Dyce, William, medal of, xi. 69
Dyrrachium, Illyria, coins of, xx.
365
E.
Eadberht II, King of Kent, coin
of, xiv. 42
Eadgar, King of Wessex, coins of,
xx. 267
Eadred, King of Wessex, coins of,
xx. 266
Eanbald I and II, Kings of North-
umbria, coins of, xvii. 138
Eanred, King of Northumbria,
coins of, xx. 265
Earle-Fox collection, Greek coins
in the, xviii. 286
Earrings, their forms on Syracuean
coins and medallions, xi. 282
East Anglia, find of coins in, xiv.
51
East Worlington, find of coins at,
xvii. 145
Eastern Counties, find of coins in
the, xviii. 126
Eaton, D. J., medal of, xi. 70
Eberlein, G-., medallist, xiii. 318
Ecgberht, Archbishop of York,
styca of, xiii. 267
Ecgberht or Ecgbeorht, King of
Wessex, coins of, xiv. 57 ; struck
for Mercia, ib. 62 and xx. 82
GENERAL INDEX.
17
159 ; xx. H8 ; a new variety,
ib. 161
Ecgberht, King- of Wessex, of
Kentish origin, xx. 68 ; strikes
coins for Kent, 71 ; expelled
from England, 72 : visits Char-
lemagne and appointed governor
in Denmark, 73 ; marries St.
Ida, 74 ; returns to England, 75,
76 ; conquers Kent, 79 ; his
first coinage as King of Wes-
sex, 81; his other mints, 81,
83 ; conquers Mercia and strikes
coins in London, 82, 159 ; his
death, 85 ; his titles on charters,
86
Edmonds, G., medal of, xi. 71
Edward the Confessor, coins of,
xvii. 305 ; xx. 269
Edward I, coins of, xviii. 9, 51
Edward II, coins of, xviii. 9, 51
Edward III, coins of, xii. 256,
269 ; xiii. 46 ; xvi. 78, 80 ; xviii.
9, 12, 45, 52
Edward III, earliest gold coins of,
xx. 229, 231 et seqq.
Edward HI, find of silver coins of
the time of, xvi. 72
Edward III, half-noble of third
coinage of, xx. 162
Edward III, wardrobe counters of,
xv. 168; xx. 242
Edward IV, coins of, xi. 180 ; xii.
222, 272, 290 ; xx. 166, 171
Edward IV, gold coins of, imitations
of, found at Fischenich, xiii. 30
Edward V, coins of, xv. 117 ; xx.
166, 174
Edward VI, coins of, xi. 202 ; xvii.
147, 162
Edward VI, types and legends on
coins of, xii. 265, 273
Effingham, Thomas Howard, 3rd
Earl of, xi. 72 ; xii. 304
Egerton, J., medal of, xi. 72
E87pt> coins of, xviii. 332 ; xix.
259 ; xx. 370
Egypt, Lower, archaic Greek coins
found in, xix 269
Einsiedeln, bracteates of, xix. 22
Ela^rabalus, coins of, xi. 417 ; xvi.
195; xvii. 78, 122, 252; xviii.
165, 178 ; xx. 30, 36
Elatea, Phocis, coin of, xviii . 288
Eldon, Earl of, medals of, xi. 73
Elea, Epirus, coin of, xx. 10
Electnim coin, uncertain, xix. Ill
Eleutherna, Crete, coin of, xvii.
Ill
Elis, coins of, xi. 127 ; xii. 11, 28,
192 ; xiv. 7 ; xvii. 106 ; xviii.
292, 328 ; xix. 254 ; xx. 365
Elizabeth, coins of, xi. 203 ; xvii.
147, 162
Elizabeth, phoenix medalet of,
xvi. 274
Elizabeth, ryals of, xii. 266
Elizabeth, unpublished copper
halfpenny of, xiv. 84
Elizabeth, unpublished gold coins
of, xv. 165
El-Kahir, gold coins of, xix. 266 •
Elliott, G. A., medals of, xi. 74
Elphinstone, Mountstuart, medal
of, xi. 76
Elstree token, xiii. 285
Elyros, Crete, coins of, xiv. 95
Emporium, Spain, coin of, xx. 363
Emptmeyer, C., medallist, xiii. 318
Engel and Serrure, Traite de Nu-
mismatique du Moyen-Age, no-
ticed, xi. 114; xiv. 294
Engelberg, bracfeat^s of, xix. 22
England, first gold coins of, xx.
218
Englefield, Sir H. C., medal o ,
xi. 77
En-Nazir, Imam of San' a, coin of,
xvii. 250
Eon, Chevalier d', medal of, xi. 78
Ephesus, Ionia, coins of, xiv. 14 ;
xvi. 95; xviii. 110, 230; xix.
99 ; xx. 289, 367
Ephthalites, the, coins of, xiv. 243
Epidaurus, Argolis, coins of, xii.
14 .
ERIOANOYS, title, on coins of
Parthia, xx 194
Epirus, coins of, xix. 253
Eretria, coins of, xiii. 157, 158,
242, 252 ; xv. 95
Eriza, coins of, xv. 101
Erskine and Gibbs, medals of, xi.
79
Erythrae, Ionia, coin of, xviii. 112
Eryx, Sicily, coins of, xi. 365 j
xvi. 10, 86
Etera, Crete, coins of, xiv. 97
Ethelred, see Aethelred
Etruria, silver system of, as affected
by Dionysios, xiv. 226
Etruria, uncertain coin of, xx. 2
Etruscilla, coins of, xvii. 83 ; xx.
30, 44
18
GENERAL INDEX.
Etiboea, coins of, xii. 191 ; xviii.
289, 297; xix. 92
Euboic standard, coins of the,
xvii. 281
Eudocia, coin of, xii. 182
Eugenius, coin of, xii. 180
Eukra tides, King of Bactria, coin
of, xii. 37
Eumenes, the Syracusan engraver,
xi. 263
Eupolemus, King of Paeonia, coins
of, xi. 135
Eurea, Thessaly, coin of, xvi. 88
Euromus, Caria, absorbed in My-
lasa, xx. 368
Eustace, coins of, xvi. 66 ; forged
coins of, xix. 207
EY9, the engraver, xi. 264
Evaenetos, the Syracusan coin en-
graver, xi. 208, 258 ; his artistic
coins, ib. 289 ; medallions by,
xiv. 218
Evagoras I of Cyprus, coins of,
xi. 143 ; xx. 369
Evagoras II of Cyprus, coin of,
xvi. 30
Evans, Rev. C., medal of, xi. 82
Evans, Sir John, K.C.B., medal of,
xi. 82 ; medallion of, xix. pi. xi.
Ewing, W., medal of, xi. 81
Exeter, coins of, xvii. 152 ; short
cross pennies of, ib. 212
Exmouth, Viscount, medal of, xi. 83
EXPECTATE VENI on coins of
Carausius, xx. 50
F.
Faiz Mahommed Khan of Afghani-
stan, coins of, xvi. 307
Family coins, Roman, found in
India, xix. 263
Farrukh Siyar, coins of, xvi. 171
Fasti Arabici, xii. 160
Fath 'All Shah, coins of, xviii. 93
Fatiims, coins of, xii. 169
Fausta, coins of, xix. 233 ; xx.
147, 347 et seqq.
Faustina I, coins of, xi. 414 ; xvii.
24; xvii. 132; xviii. 139, 170
Faustina I, medallions of, xi. 154 ;
xvi. 48
Faustina, II, c »ins of, xiii. 17 ; xv.
288; xvii. 64. 132; xviii. 143,
170; xx. 18, 207
Fellowes, R., medal of, xi. 85
Fereday, S., medals of, xi. 85
Ferguson, R., medal of, xi. 86
Ferguson, Rt. Hon. R. C., medal
of, xi. 88
Ferguson, Sir R. C., medals of, xi.
87
Ferrie, A., medal of, xi. 89
Fibula on a Greek coin, xvii. 265
Fibula found at Honley, xvii. 296
" Fides Militum," on coin of Carau-
sius, xx. 56
Fielding, Sir J., medal of, xi. 90
Finds of coins : —
Anglo-Saxon, xiv. 29
Balcombe, xviii. 8
Bari, xii. 83
Bishop's Wood, xvi. 209
Brickendonbury, xvi. 191
Cadbury Camp, xvi. 238
Cambridge, xiv. 18 ; xvii. 119,
251
Carhayes, Cornwall, xx. 209
Colchester, xi. 413
Cologne, xii. 179
Cos, xi. 1
Crediton, xvii. 159
East Worlington, xvii. 145
Eastern Counties, xviii. 126
Fischenich, xiii. 26
France, xvii. 235
Greek coins, xix. 261 : xx. 373
Groats of Edward IV— Henry
VIII, xii. 278 ; of Henry VI-
VII, xx. 166
Guisborough, xvi. 72
Hitchin, xvii. 24 S
Honley, near Huddersfield, xvii.
293
India, xix. 263
Lipari Islands, xvi. 185
Lower Egypt, xix. 269
Mende, Macedonia, xviii. 251
Mesnina, Sicily, xvi. 101
Naxos, Sicily, xi. 374
Nesboe, Norway, xiii. 36
Pudukota, India, xviii. 304 ;
xix. 81, 82
Santa Maria di Licodia, Sicily,
xi. 217
Skye, xiii, 220
Sully, near Cardiff, xx. 27
Theodule Pass, xvii. 127
Tripoli, xix. 175
Vellalore, India, xi. 199
Villabate, Palermo, xiv. 201
Wallingford, xii. 220
Western Sicily, xi. 3(54
Whaplode, xi. 202
GENERAL INDEX.
19
Firiiz Shah Bahmam, coins of,
xviii. 266
Fisch, A., medallist, xiii. 319 ; xiv.
155
Fischenich, find of coins of Edward
IV, &c., at, xiii. 26
Fischer, F. A., medallist, xiv. 155
Fitz Otho family, pedigree of, xiii.
145
Fitzwilliam, Earl, medal of, xi. 91
Flaccilla, coins of, xii. 180
Flaxman, J., medal of, xi. 92
Flemish imitations of English No-
bles, xiii. 26
Florianus, coins of, xvi. 242 ; xx.
217
Florin, gold, of Edward III, xx.
232 et seqq.
Fonteia gens, monogram on coins
of the, xv. 162
Fontenelle, B. le B. de, medals of,
xv. 307 ; xvii. 309
Fordyoe, G., medal of, xv. 166
Fordyce and Hunter, medal of, xi.
92
Foreign artists, English medals by,
xiii. 286; xiv. 101
Forest of Dean, Roman coins found
in the, xvi. 210
Forgeries of coins of William I and
II, xvii. 226 ; of Henry I, &c.,
xix. 241
Forgeries of Roman Large Brass
coins, xii. 255
Fothergill, J., medal of, xi. 93
Fothergill medal, the, xvi. 348
Fox, Charles James, medals of, xi.
94
France, condition of, in 1709, medal
of, xvi. 275
France, find of short-cross pennies
in, xviii. 235
Franklin, Benjamin, medals of, xi.
100
Franks, A. W., jeton of, xi. 103
Frederick the Great, successes of,
medal, xx. 180
Freiburg in Breisgau, bracteates
of, xix. 22
Fuller, J., medals of, xi. 103
Fiirst, M., medallist, xiv. 155
G.
Gabrici, E., his Numiswiatica deW
Imera, noticed, xiv. 339
Gadara, Decapolis, title of, xx.
369
Galatia, coins of, xix. 258
Galba, coins of, xvii. 44 ; xviii.
129, 168
Galeria Valeria, coins of, xix. 215
et seqq. ; xx. 308
Galle, A., medallist, xiii. 319
Gallienus, coins of, xvi. 240 ; xvii.
86, 132; xx. 23, 30, 46, 212
Gallus, medallion of, xvi. 52
Garbett, Samuel, medal of, xi. 377
Gardner, Lord, medal of, xi. 377
Garrick, David, medals of. xi. 379
Gascoyne, Gen. Isaac, medal of, xi.
381
Gaskell, Benjamin, medal of, xi.
382
Gatteaux, J. E., medallist, xiv.
157
Gatteaux, N. M., medallist, xiii.
319
Gauloises, Monnaies, de la Biblio-
theque Nationale, Paris, noticed,
xii. 324
Gayrard, R., medallist, xiii. 320
Gaza, Judaea, coin of, xx. 370
Geefs, A., medallist, xiii. 320; xiv.
158
Geerts, E. L., medallist, xiii. 321 ;
xiv. 158
Gela, Sicily, coins of, xi. 303, 365 ;
xiv. 206 ; xvii. 98, 272 ; xviii.
98 ; xx. 364
George III, Manx coins of, xix.
60
George III, medal of, xiii. 292
George IV, medals of, xiii. 307,
317
Gerard, — , medallist, xiii. 322
Gerasa, Decapolis, coin of, xx. 295
Germanicus, coins of, xviii. 309
Geta, coins of, xi. 416 ; xvi. 195 ;
xvii. 76, 122; xviii. 157, 162,
177 ; xix. 205 ; xx. 30, 35
Ghias - ad - Dm - Bin Mohammad
Shah, coins of, xviii. 266
Ghurshlstan. mint of, xiv. 88
Gibbs and Erskine, medals of, xi.
79
Giesecke, Charles Von, medal of,
xi. 382
Gilbart, J W.. medal of, xi. 384
Gladstone, Rt. Hon. W. E , medals
of, xi. 38 ; T>
Globular marks on Greek coins,
xvii. 1, 11, 16
20
GENERAL INDEX.
Gnecchi, F., his Monete Romane,
noticed, xv. 320
Gold and silver, assay of, among
the Greeks, xv. 104
Gold coins of England, the firut,
xx. 218
Golgoi, Cyprus, coins of, xvii.
^06
Gongylos, dynast of Myrina, coins
of,'xiv. 317
Gordian III, coins of, xvi. 200 ;
xvii. 82, 125, 252 ; xx. 21, 24,
30, 40
Gordium, Bithynia, coin of, xviii.
330
Gordon, Lord George, medals of,
xi. 387
Gordon, Sir W. Duff, medal of, xi.
387
Gorgion, dynast of Gambreion,
coins of, xiv. 315
Gorgoneion, the, xiii. 156, 164,242,
257
Gorgos of Salamis, coin of, xvi.
29
Gortyna, Crete, coins of, xi. 417 ;
xii. 29, 30, 198; xix. 93
Goterzes, King of Parthia, legend
on his coins, xx. 93 ; his title, ib.
370
Gothabyrig, mint of, xv. 45
Gould, John, medal of, xi. 388
Graham, Gen., Lord Lyndoch,
medal of, xi. 394
Granby, Marquis of, medals of, xi.
380
Grande, B,., medallist, xiv. 158
Grant Duff, Lady, medal of, xi.
391
Grapes, bunch of, on coins of
Cyrene, xi. 1 ; symbol of Tenos,
xv. 273
Gratianus, coins of, xii. 179
Grattan, Henry, medals of, xi.
392
Gray, Dr. J. E., and his wife,
medal of, xi. 395
Grechetto, the engraver, medals
by, xvii. 316
Greek and Roman Coins, Handbook
of, by G. F. Hill, noticed, xix.
364
Greek coins, by F. Imhoof-Blumer,
xv. 269
Greek coins acquired by the British
Museum, in 1889, corrections, xi.
110; in 1890, ib. 117 ; in 1891,
xii. 1 ; in 1892, xiii. 1 ; in 1893,
xiv. 1 ; in 1894, xv. 89 ; in 1895,
xvi. 85 ; in 1896, xvii. 93 ; in
1897, xviii. 97 ; in 1898, xix.
85 ; in 1899, xx. 1 ; in 1900, ib.
273
Greek coins, archaic, xix. 269
Greek coins, finds of, xix. 261 ; xx.
373
Greek coins inedited and uncertain,
xiv. 297 ; xv. 169
Greek coins, rare, in the Green-
well collection, xiii. 81
Greek coins, unpublished, xiii. 21 ;
xvii. 93, 190, 253 ; xviii. 193
Green, Charles, medal of, xi. 396
Greene, Richard, medal of, xi.
397
Grenville, William Wyndham,
Lord, medal of, xi. 397
Gresley, Sir Koger, medal of, xi.
398
Gretton, Sarah, medal of, xi. 399
Grey, Charles, 2nd Earl, medals
of, xi. 399
Grimshaw, Nicholas, medal of, xi.
411
Groats, finds of, Edward IV—
Henrv VIII, xii. 278; Henry
VI-Henry VII, xx. 166
Grueber, H., medallist, xiv. 159
Guisborough, coins found at, xv.
Guise, Sir Berkeley William, Bart.,
medal of, xi. 412
Gupta coins, notes on, xi. 48
Guntafson, G., on coins found at
Nesboe, xiii. 36
Guy de Lusignan, coin of, xi. 150
Gythium, Laconia, coin of, xx.
366
H.
Hadrian, coins of, xi. 414 ; xii.
93 ; xv. 204 ; xvii. 58 ; xviii.
133, 169, 290; xix. 265
Hadrian, medallion of, xi. 153
Hadriani, Mysia, coin of, xviii. 329
Hadrianothera, Mysia, coin of, xv.
98
Hainault, John, Count of, coins of,
xviii. 10, 37, 72
Half-florin or Leopard, gold, of
Edward III, xx. 233 et seqq.
Half-noble of third coinage of
Edward III, xx. 102
GENERAL INDEX.
21
Half -shekel year 2, xvii. 116
Haliartus, Boeotia, coin of, xviii.
288
Hallam, Henry, medal of, xii. 227
Halus, Thessaly, coin of, xix. 91
Hamelman, Jan Christian, medal
of,'xv. 310
Handel, statue of, at Vauxhall,
xviii. 79
Hanniballianus, coin of, xx. 359
Hanson, Joseph, medal of, xii. 228
Hardinge, Henry, 1st Viscount,
medal of, xii. 228
Hardy, Thomas, medals of, xii.
229
Harold I, coins of, xv. 45 ; xvii.
304
Harold II, coins of, xvii. 226 ; xx.
269
Harpies, representation of, on
kylix, xi. 6
Harrison, John, medal of, xii. 231
Hart, L. J., medallist, xiii. 322;
xiv. 159
Harthacnut, coin of, xx. 268
Hastings, Francis Rawdon, 1st
Marquis of, medal of, xii. 231
Hastings, Sir Charles Abney, Bart.,
medal of, xii. 231
Hatfield, Bishop of Durham, pen-
nies of, xi. 164 ; xviii. 71
Heahberht, King of Kent, coin of,
xx. 149
Heardulf, King of Northumbria,
coins of, xvii. 140
Hebrytelmis, King of the Odrysae,
coin of, xiv. 3
Helena, coins of, xvi. 213, 233;
xix. 230 et seqq. ; xx. 147, 346
Helfricht, F. F., medallist, xiii.
323
Helios on coins, xii. 129
Helm or Helmet (quarter-florin),
gold coin of Edward III, xx.
233 et xeqq.
Hema (or Wema) Kadphises, coins
of, xii. 67
Henniker, John, 1st Baron, medals
of, xii. 233, 234
Henniker, John, 2nd Baron, medal
of, xii. 234
Henrietta Maria, unpublished
medal of, xiv. 188
Henry I, coins of, found at Bari,
xii. 83 ; short-cross pennies of,
xvii. 235 ; coins struck at Barn-
staple, xvii. 305 ; forged coins
of, xix. 241
Henry II, coinage of, xv. 51
Henry II of Cyprus, coins of, xii.
215
Henry III, gold penny of, xii.
259 ; xx. 218 et seqq. ; short-
cross pennies of, xvii. 235 ;
Shrewsbury mint under, xix. 112
Henry V, coins of, xvi. 78, 80
Henry VI, coins of, xi. 180 ; xii.
221 ; xvi. 78, 81 ; xx. 166, 171,
174
Henry VI, nobles of, xiii. 27
Henry VI, quarter-noble errone-
ously attributed to, xi. 189
Henry VII, coins of, xii. 225, 264,
292; xiii. 34; xx. 166, 175
Henry VII, ryal of, xiii. 240
Henry VIII, coins of, xii. 265, 272,
298
Henry VIII, penny of, struck by
Archbishop Cranmer, xi. 418
Henry VJII, ryal of, xiii. 34
Henry of Northumberland, coins
of, xv. 110
Heraclea, Bithynia, coins of, xv.
98 ; xviii. 105
Heraclea, Ionia, coins of, xx. 367
Heraclea, Lucania, coins of, xvi.
4 ; xvii. 97 ; xx. 363
Heraclea ad Latmum, coins of, xix.
101
Heraea, Arcadia, coins of, xx. 366
Heraea, Arcadia, hemiobols of, xv.
272
HERAKILO on coins of the
Kushans, xii. 122, 153
Herakles, head of, on coin of
Gyrene, xi. 8
Herbessus, Sicily, coins of, xiv.
233
Herennia Etruscilla, coin of, xvi.
201
Herennius Etruscus, coins of, xvi.
201 ; xviii. 17 ; xx. 30, 44
Hermaeus, a Graeco-Indian Prince,
coins of, xii. 63
Herod Philip II of Judaea, coin
of, xx. 25
Herries, Col. Charles, medal of,
xii. 235
Hertfordshire tokens, xiii. 282
Herzen, Alexander, medal of, xii.
236
Heywood, Sir Benjamin, medal of,
xii. 237
22
GENERAL INDEX.
Hierapolis, Phrygia, coins of, xvi.
98; xviii. 116, 330
Hierapytna, Crete, coins of, xvii.
31 ; xx. 366
Hieropolia-Bambyce, Cyrrhestica,
coins of, xx. 369
Higgins, F. C., his Copper Coins of
Modern Europe, noticed, xiii. 239
Hill, G-. F., his Handbook of Greek
and Roman Coins, noticed, xix.
364
Hill, Rev. Rowland, medals of, xii.
239
Hill, Rowland, Viscount, medals
of, xii. 237
Himera, Sicily, coins of, xi. 274,
366; xii. 186; xiv. 208, 339;
(with signs of value) xvii. 1 ;
xviii. 185
Himerus, King of Parthia, coins
of, xx. 193 et seqq,
Hippias of Athens, his changes in
the Athenian coinage, xiii. 156,
244, 247 ; coins of, xv. 172
Hiranya-Kula, Indo-Scy thic King,
coins of, xiv. ^82
Hirschel, Solomon, medal of, xii.
240
Hitchin, find of Saxon coins at,
xvii. 248
Hoadley, Benjamin, Bishop of
Winchester, medal of, xii. 241
Hobhouse, John Cam, see Brough-
ton, Lord
Hodgson, Frederick, medal of, xii.
243
Hodgson, John, medals of, xii. 244
Hogarth, William, medal of, xii .
245 ; his Vauxhall ticket, xviii.
35
Holloway, Thomas, medals of, xii.
245
Holm, A., his Geschichte des sicil-
ischen Munzwesens, noticed, xviii.
321
Holy Lamb, the, on a Saxon penny,
xiii. 37
Hombruma of Patara (?), coin of,
xv. 33
Homolium, Thessaly, coin of, xix.
92
Honley, find of British coins and
ornaments at, xvii. 293
Honorius, coins of, xii. 181 ; xvi.
245
Hood, Alexander, see Bridport, 1st
Viscount
Hook, Rev. W. F., Dean of
Chichester. medal of, xii. 301
Horner, Francis, medal of, xii.
302
Howard, John, medal of, xii. 302
Howard, John Egar, medal of, xii.
303
Howard, Thomas, see Effingham,
Earl of
Howe, Richard, Earl, Admiral,
medals of, xii. 304
Howe, Richard, 1st Earl, medal of,
xii. 310
Hugh II of Cyprus, coins of, xii.
211
Hugh III of Cyprus, coins of, xii.
214
Hugh IV of Cyprus, coins of, xii.
216
Huguenot medal (?), xvi. 271
Hull, I^aac, medal of, xii. 311
Humayun, coins of, xvi. 159
Hume, David, medal of, xii. 312
Hume, Joseph, medal of, xii. 312
Hunt, Henry, medal of, xii. 313
Hunter, John, medals of, xii. 314 ;
xv. 166
Hunter, William, medals of, xii.
315
Hunter and Fordyce, medals of,
xi. 92 ; xv. 166
Hunter Collection, Combe's Cata-
logue, corrected, xvi. 144 ; Cata-
logue of Greek Coins in the,
noticed, xix. 177
Huntingdon, Countess of, medals,
xii. 317
Huntington, Rev. W., medal of,
xii. 318
Huskisfcon, W., medal of, xii. 319
Hutcheson, F., medal of, xii. 320
Hutchinson, Ma j.- Gen. Lord,
medal of, xii. 321
Huth, Charles Frederick, and his
wife, medal of, xii. 3zl
Huth, J. Frederick A., and his
wife, medal of, xii. 322
Hutton, Charles, medal of, xii.
323
Huvishka, coins of, xii. 49, 82, 98,
103
Hwen Theang, Chinese Pilgrim,
xiv. 247, 250
Hyblaean Megara, litra of, xvi.
124
Hydisus, Caria, coins of, xvi. 95 ;
xviii. 114
GENERAL INDEX.
23
Hyrtacina, Crete, coins of, xi. 129;
xiv. 96
Hyrtaeus and Lissus, Crete, coins
of, xii. 199
I.
IATON" on coins of Himera, xviii.
185
Idbury, mint at, xv. 48
Illyria, coins of, xix. 253
Irabros, Thrace, coins of, xx. 364
India, Roman gold coins found at
Pudukota, xviii. 304; Roman
silver coins found in, xix. 263
Indo- Parthian Kings, coins of,
xiii. 217
Indo -Scythians, coins of, xiii. 93,
219
Indo -Scythians, the later, coins of
the Ephthalites or White Huns,
xiv. 243
locastos on coins of Rhegium, xviii.
281
Ionia, coins of, xviii. 329 ; xix. 256
Irwin, I). Hastings, his War Medals,
$c., 1588-1898, noticed, xix. 83
Isaac Comnenus, coins of, xi. 147 ;
xii. 209
Isaura, Cilicia, coins of, xvi. 28
Isle of Man, coinage of, xix. 35
Istrus, Moesia Inferior, coin of,
xvi. 86
Ita, Lycia, coin of, xv. 18
Italian Numismatic Society, foun-
dation of, xii. 88
Italy, ancient coins of, xix. 251
Italy, English coins found at Bari,
xii. 83
Itanus, Crete, coins of, xi. 128 ;
xvir. 112 ; xx. 366
lulis, Ceos, coins of, xi. 129 ; xiii.
87
J.
Jaley, L., medallist, xiii. 324
James I, bezant of, xvi. 254
James I, coins of, xii. 267, 274 ;
xvii. 149, 164
James I, unpublished gold coins of,
xiv. 344
James II of Cyprus, coin of, xi.
151
James V of Scotland and John,
Duke of Albany, gold crown of,
xi. 203
Jarana or Bharana, Indo-Scythic
King, coins of, xiv. 284
Jehanglr, coins of, xvi. 164, 179
Jehotte, C., medallist, xiii. 325
Jenner medal, the, xvi. 348
Jeuffroy, R. V., medallist, xiii. 325
John, coins of, xvii. 235, 249
John I Eof Cyprus, coin of, xi. 150
John, Count of Hainault, coins of,
xviii. 10, 37, 72
John the Blind of Luxembourg,
coins of, xviii. 10, 37, 72
Johnson, Bartholomew, medal of,
xvii. 311
Jouffray, R. C., medallist, xiii. 325
Jouvenel, A. C., medallist, xiv. 160
Judaea, coin of Herod Philip II, xx.
25
Judaea, half-shekel, year 2, of,
xvii. 116
Julia, Phrygia, coin of, xix. 104
Julia and Titus, coin of, xvii. 52
Julia Domna, coins of, xi. 415 ; xiii.
19 ; xvi. 194 ; xvii. 72, 121 ; xviii.
102, 156. 173 ; xx. 29, 34
Julia family, coin of, xvii. 39
Julia Maesa, coins of, xvi. 197 ;
xvii. 123 ; xx. 30, 37
Julia Mamaea, coins of, xvi. 199 ;
xvii. 124, 252 ; xviii. 168 ; xx.
23, 30, 39, 208
Julia Paula, coins of, xvi. 196;
xvii. 123 ; xx. 30, 37
Julia Soaemias, coins of, xvi. 197 ;
xvii. 123 ; xviii. 167, 189 ; xx.
30, 37
Julio polis, Bithynia, coin of, xviii.
105
Julius Caesar, coin of, xix. 263
Junker, J. C., medallist, xiv, 160
Jupiter on coins of the Kushans,
xii. 138
Jyotirvidabharana, quoted, xiv. 250
K.
Kacha Gupta, coins of, xi. 53
Kakweyhis, coins of the, xii. 165
Kallm Ullah Shah Bin Ahmad
Shah, coins of, xviii. 272
Kamarina, see Camarina
Kamran. coins of, xvi. 159
Kanishka, coins of, xii. 48, 72
Kaseler, G-. medallist, xiii. 327
Kashmir, monetary system of, xix.
125
Katana, see Catana
GENERAL INDEX.
Kathiawar, coinage of, xv. 59
Kennedy, A. R. S., his article on
Money, in Hastings' Diet, of the
Bible, noticed, xx. 270
Kent, Anglo-Saxon coins of. xiv.
42 ; conquered by Ecgberht, xx.
79
Khadritima of Patara (?), coin of,
xv. 34
Khariga, dynalst of Lycia, coins of,
xv. 30
Kharoi, dynast of Lycia, coins of,
xv. 28
Khin, dynast of Lycia, coins of,
xv. 35
Khusru II of Persia, coin of, xiv.
290
Kidara Shahi, Indo-Scythic ruler,
coins of, xiii. 199
Kimon, the engraver, xi. 207 ; his
decadrachms, ib. 255
Kohandil Khan of Afghanistan,
coins of, xvi. 288, 336
Kore. head of, on decadrachms of
Syracuse, xi. 211
Kosmas Indikopleustes, quoted,
xiv. 247
Kozola-Kadaphes, King of the
Kushans, coins of, xii. 65
Krimissos, see Crimisus
Kriiger, Paul, strikes coins for
South African Republic, xx. 256
Krya, dynast of Patara, coin of,
xv. 35
Kiichler, C. H., medallist, xiii.
327; xiv. 161
Kujula-Kadphises, coins of, xii.
45, 63
Kujula-Kara-Kadphises, coins of,
xii. 65
Kullrich, W., medallist, xiii. 328 ;
xiv. 162
Kuprlli, Lycia, coins of, xv. 20
Kumara Gupta, coins of, xi. 58 ;
xv. 167
Kushans, coins of the, xii. 40, 98
Kushans, the Great, coins of, xiii.
112
Kushans, the Little, coins of, xiii.
184
Kylix, Cyreiiean, from Naucratis,
xi. 5
Kyrene, see Cyrene
L.
Lacedaemon, coins of, xvii. 107
Laconia, coins of, xviii. 328 ; xix.
255
Laelianus, coins of, xx. 214
Laertes, Cilicia, coin of, xx. 293
La Fitte,— , medallist, xiii. 330
Lalassis, Cilicia, coins of, xix. 181
Lampsacus, Mysia, coins of, xiii.
9, 84; xiv. 10.; xvi. 23; xvii.
258 ; xviii. 329 ; xx. 17, 288
Lanteri, E., medallist, xiv. 163
Laodicea, Canaan, coins of, xviii.
331 ; xx. 370
Lappa, Crete, coin of, xiv. 10
Larissa, Thessaly, coins of, xii. 8
xiii. 25 ; xv. 94 ; xx. 282
Latus, Crete, coin of, xi. 128
Lauer, L. C., medallist, xiii. 330
Laufenberg, bracteates of, xix. 23
Laus, Lucania, coin of, xvii. 97
Leclerq, J., medallist, xiv. 165
Lefevre, — , medallist, xiii. 333
Legends on English coins, xii. 257
Legros, A., medallist, xiii. 331 ; xiv.
165
Lehmann, C. J., his Altbabylonische
Muas- und Gewichtssystem,noticed.t
xiv. 77
Leicester, coin struck at, xvii. 249
Leicester and Chester, Anglo-Saxon
mints of, xi. 12
Leontini, Sicily, coins of, xi. 360,
366; xiv. 207; xvii. 19, 272
Leontini and Catana, alliance coin
of, xvi. 128
Leopard, gold coin of Edward III,
xx. 233 et seqq.
Lesbos, coins of, xii. 257 ; xvii. 114 ;
xix. 276
Lete, Macedonia, coins of, xii. 24 ;
xix. 271
Leucas, Acarnaniar coins of, xi. 364
Lialen, I., medallist, xiv. 166
Licmius I, coins of, xvi. 214 ; xix.
218 et seqq. ; xx. 115 et seqq. ; ib.
307 et seqq.
Licinius II, coins of, xvi. 215 ;
xix. 229 et seqq. ; xx. 325 et seqq.
Limyra, Lycia, dynasts of, xv. 32
Lincoln, coins of, xvii. 243 ; xviii. 23
Lindberg, A., medallist, xiii. 333 ;
xiv. 167
Lindenschmidt, J., medallist, xiii.
333 ; xiv. 167
Lipari Islands, coins found in the,
xvi. 185
Lissus, Crete, coins of, xi. 129 ; xii.
199
GENERAL INDEX.
Litra, weight of the, xyii. 3
Locri and Messana, coin of, xvi.
107
Locri Opuntii, coins of, xiv. 6 ; xix.
253
Locrian oboli with O, xv. 269
London, coins of Edward I -III,
struck at, xviii. 14, 19, 22, 2i, 25,
34, 35, 36, 46, 52
London Medicum Lyceum, prize
medal of, xv. 166
London, mint of, during the Con-
stantine period, xx. 108
London, Saxon mint of, xiii. 266 ;
xiv. 62, 64; xx. 82, 158
London, Short-cross Pennies of,
xvii. 241
Loos, D. F., medallist, xiii. 334 ;
xiv. 167
Loos, F., medallist, xiii. 335
Loos, G. B., medallist, xiii. 335 ;
xiv. 168
Loring, ~W., Greek coins collected
by, xiii. 21
Louis XVI, medals of, xvii. 90, 318
Louizi, — , medallist, xiv. 168
Lower Egypt, Archaic Greek coins
found in, xix. 269
Lucerne, bracteates of, xix. 23
Lucilla, coins of, xvii. 66 ; xviii.
144
Lucius Verus, coins of, xi. 414 ;
xvii. 64; xviii, 144, 170
Lucius Verus andAurelius, coin of,
xv. 278
Lucius Vitellius, coins of, xvii. 46 ;
xviii. 129
Lunderberg, L., medallist, xiii.
335
LVNDONIA CIVIT. on coin of
Ecgbeorht, xiv. 62 ; xx. 82
Lusignan, Guy de, coin of, xi. 150
Limgnan Kings of Cyprus, coins
of, xii. 209
LVTRON, supposed reading of,
xvii. 9
Luxembourg, coins of, xviii. 10, 72
Lycceius, King of Paeonia, coins
of, xi. 121 ; xii. 188 ; xx. 364
Lyceum Medicum of London, prize
medal of, xv. 166
Lycia, coinage of, xv. 1
Lycia, coins of, xv. 1 ; xviii. 121,
331 ; xix. 257
Lycian coins acquired by the British
Museum in 1892, xiii. 15
Lydia, coins of, xix. 257
Lynedoch, General Graham, Lord,
medal of, xi. 394
Lysimaohia, Thrace, coin of, xvi.
12
Lysimachus, King of Thrace, coins
of, xv. 92; xvi. 14
Lystra, Lycaonia, coin of, xiii. 17
M.
Macdonald, G., his Catalogue- of
Greek Coins in the Hunterian Col'
lection, noticed, xix. 177
Macedonia, coins of, xviii. 25-5,
257 ; xix. 253
Macedonian nummi serrati, xix. 337
Macrinus, coins of, xvii. 122; xviii.
163, 177; xx. 30, 35
Madrassi, L., medallist, xiv. 169
Magas of Gyrene, coins of, xvii.
220
Magistrates' names on Athenian
coins, xix. 288
Magnentius, coin of, xvii. 129
Magnesia, Ionia, coins of, xii. 89 ;
xv. 284 ; xviii. 287, 330
Magnetes, Thessaly, coins of, xviii.
103 ; xix. 92 ; xx. 8
Magnus Maximus, coins of, xii.
180
Magydus, Pamphylia, coin of, xx.
19 ; numerals on coins of, ib. 20
M AH AS EN A legend on coins of
the Kushans, xii. 106
Mahmud Shah, coins of, xviii. 270
Mahommed Afzal Khan, coins of,
xvi. 302, 329, 336
Mahommed Akbar Khan, coins of,
xvi. 293
Mahommed Amin Khan, coins of,
xvi. 307
Mahommed Azam Khan, coins of,
xvi. 303, 330, 337
Mahommed Azim Khan, coins of,
xvi. 292
Mahommed Hashim Khan, coins
of, xvi. 302
Mahommed Ishak Khan, coins of,
xvi. 304, 344
Mahommed Jan, coin of, xvi. 330
Mahommed, see also Mohammed
and Muhammad
Malay Archipelago, tokens of, xv.
135
Mallus, Cilicia, coins of, xiv. 324 ,
xvi. 29 ; xvif. 21 ; xx. 368
26
GENERAL INDEX.
M illus and Megarsus, Cilicia, coins
of, xv. 197
Manfredini, L., medallist, xiv. 101
Manuale di Ntunismatica, 2nd ed.,
by S. Ambrosoli, noticed, xv. 162
Manx coinage, xix. 35
Manx tokens, xix. 47, 66
MAO, legend on coins of the
Kushans, xii. 73, 103, 107, 130
Marathus, Phoenicia, era of, xx.
370
Marcianopolis, Moesia Inferior,
coin of, xvi. 13
Marcus Aurelius, see Aurelius,
Marcus
Marie Antoinette, medals of, xvii.
91, 318
Marium, Cyprus, coins of, xvi. 32,
369
Marius, coins of, xx. 214
Mark Antony, coin of, xix. 263
Markoff's Unpublished Coins of the
Arsacidae, noticed, xiii. 208
Mars on coins of the Kushans, xii.
132
Mnrshall, Frances C , wife of C. F.
Huth, medal of, xii. 321
Mary I of England, coin of, xi.
203 ; legends on coins of, xii.
274
Mury II of England, pattern far-
thing or jetton of, xix. 362
Massilia, Gaulish imitation of coin
of, xviii. 131
Matilda, the Empress, forged coins
of, xix. 243
Maubeuge, coin of, xviii. 10, 72
Maximianus Herculius, coins of,
xix. 211 et seqq. ; xx. 29, 30, 33,
59, 113 et seqq., 300 et seqq.
Maximinus I, coins of, xvi. 200,
213 244; xvii. 124, 132; xx.
30, 39
Maximinus II. Daja (orDaza), coins
of, xix. 211 et seqq. ; xx. 110 et
seqq. ; 299 et seqq.
Maximus, coin of, xvi. 200
Mayer, W., medallist, xiv. 102
Mayfren, Emanuela P., wife of J.
F. A. Huth, medal of, xii. 322
Mayr, A., his Ciins of the Islands of
Malta, Gozo, $c.t noticed, xiv.
342
Medal Room, the new, in the
British Museum, xiii. 79
Medallions, Roman, xi. 152 ; xvi.
41
Medallions, Syracusan, xi. 205
Medals, English personal since
1760, xii. 227, 300
Medals and medallions, English,
by foreign artists, xiii. 286 ; xiv.
101; index of, ib. 171
Media, regal coins of, xvii. 217
Medicum Lyceum of London, prize
medal of, xv. 166
Megalopolis, Arcadia, oins of,
xiii. 22
METAAOY, title, on Parthian
coins, earliest occurrence of, xx.
191
Megara, Megaris, coins of, xx. 365
Megara, Sicily, litra of, xvi. 124
Megarsus and Mallus, Cilicia,
coins of, xv. 197
Meliboea, Thessaly, coin of, xv. 94
Melitaea, Thessaly, coin of, xii. 28
Mende, Macedonia, coins of, xi.
12 ; xii. 6 ; xiii. 2 ; xvi. 15 ;
xvii. 275; xviii. 251, 256; xx. 6
Mercia, coins of, xiv. 31, 62
Mercia conquered by Ecgbeorht of
Wessex, xiv. 64 ; xx. 82
Mercury on coins of the Kushans,
xii. 136
Merlen, — , medallist, xiv. 104
Merley, L., medalhV, xiv. 104
Mertens, A , medallist, xiv. 105
Mesembria, Thrace, coin of, xx. 364
Mesma, Bruttii, coin of, xx. 4
Messalina, coin of, struck at
Corinth (?), xiv. 4
Messana, Sicily, coins of, xi. 221,
366 ; xiv. 209 ; xx. 364
Messana, Sicily, coin of, with en-
graver's name, xvi. 117
Messana and Croton, coin of, xvii.
13
Messana and Locri, coin of, xvi.
107
Messana and Syracuse, alliance of,
xvi. 117
Messina, Sicily, coins found near,
xvi. 101
Metapontum, Lucania, coins of,
xvi. 5 ; xvii. 270 ; xx. 363
Methydrium, Thessaly, coin of, xv.
95
Methymna, Lesbos, coins of, xii.
33 ; xiii. 89
Metrology of Greek coins, xviii.
332 ; xix. 260 ; xx. 374
Midaeum, Phrygia, coins of, xviii.
331
GENERAL INDEX.
Middleburg, badge of the mercers
at. xii. 182
Mihirakula, inscription of, xiv.
249
Mihirgul, inscription of, xiv. 254,
280
MIIRO. legend on coins of the
KuKhans, xii. 72, 99, 103, 129
Milesian standard, coins of the,
xvii. 266
Mile-stones, Roman, xvi. 207
Miletus, Ionia, coins of, xviii. 260,
330 ; xx. 367
Miltiades, coins of, struck at Car-
dia, xv. 185
Mint, picture of a Roman, at Pom-
peii, xviii. 294
Mint -marks on coins of Henry VI-
VII, classified, xx. 167
Mint-marks on English coins, xii.
278
Minton's Numismatic Bibliography,
noticed, xvii. 246
Mirza Suliman, coins of, xvi. 157
Mithradates I, King of Parthia,
coins of, xiii. 208; xvii. 116;
xx. 186 etseqq.
Mithradates II, King of Parthia,
coins of, xiii. 215 ; xx. 193 et
seqq.
Mithradates III, King of Parthia,
coins of, xx. 196 et seqq.
Mithradates Eupator, King of
Pontus, strikes gold coin at
Athens, xvii. 105
Mithrapata, coins of, xv. 39
Mithras, worship of, xviii. 178
Mithridates of Cios and Carene,
coins of, xiv. 311
Moagetes of Paphos, coins of (?),
xi. 141
Moghul coins, novelties in, xvi.
155
Mohammad Shah, coins of, xvi. 174
Mohammed, see also Mahommed
and Muhammad
Mohammadan coins, unpublished,
xix. 265
Moltedo, — , medallist, xiv. 106
Monnaies Gauloises de la Biblio-
theque Nationale, Paris, noticed,
xii. 324
Montagny, J. P., medallist, xiv.
106
Montagu, H., his Copper, Tin, and
Bronze Coinage of England, 2nd
ed., noticed, xiv. 184
Montefiore, Sir Moses, Bart., me-
dals of , xv. 310; xvii. 310
Montreal Numismatic Society,
medals of, xiii. 315
Moon, the, on coins of the Ku-
shans, xii. 130
Morel, — , medallist, xiv. 107
Morel-Ladeuil, L., medallist, xiv.
107
Morgantina, Sicily, coins of, xiv.
233
Mossop, W., medallist, xvii. 90
Mostis, dynast of Thrace (?), coin
of, xii. 5
Motya, Sicily, coins of, xi. 222,
272, 367
Mozambique, bar-money of, xii.
330
Muhammad Shah, of Persia, coins
of, xviii. 94
Muhammad Shah Bahman Ghazi,
coins of, xviii. 263
Muhammad Shah bin Mahmud,
coins of, xviii. 265
Muhammad, see also Mahommed
and Mohammed
Mujahid Shah, coins of, xviii. 264
Miiller's AntiJce Numismatik, no-
ticed, xv. 161
Muses on Vauxhall tickets, xviii. 87
Music, figure of, on Vauxhall tic-
kets, xviii. 89
Musical instruments on Vauxhall
tickets, xviii. 89
Mutloi, Lycia, coin of, xv. 17
Mylasa, Caria, coin of, xii. 93
Myra, Lycia, coins of, xx. 368
Myriandrus, Syria,coins of, xiv. 332
Myrina, Aeolis, coins of, xiv. 13 ;
xv. 96; xviii. 110
Mysia, coins of, xix. 256
Mytilene, Lesbos, coins of, xvi.
94 ; xviii. 3'29 ; xix. 276
N.
N on amphora on Athenian coins,
xix. 288
Nabis, tyrant of Lacedaemon, coin
of, xvii. 107 ; xviii. I
Nadir Shah, coin of, xii. 88
Nagidus, Cilicia. type of Aphrodite,
xx. 368
NANA, legend on coins of the
Kushans, xii. 78, 115, 148
Napki Malka, coins of, xiv. 287
28
GENERAL INDEX.
Narendra, coins of, xiv. 286
Nasir-ad-Dm, coins of, xii. 184
Nasir-ad-Dm Ismail, coins of,
xviii. 262
Nasir-ad-Dm Shah, coins of, xviii.
95
National Health Society, medal of,
xiii. 321
Natorp, G., medallist, xiv. 108
Naucratis, Cyrenean kylix found
at, xi. 5
Naucratis, its influence on Greek
art, xiii. 243, 251
Naxos, Island of, coin of, xix. 278
Naxos, Sicily, coins of, xii. 24 ;
xvi. 103
Naxos, Sicily, find of coins at, xi.
374
Neandria, Troas, coin of, xvi. 94
Neapolis, Campania, coins of, xi.
279 ; xvi. 4, 186
Neapolis, Macedonia, coin of, xix.
272
Neapolis Datenon, coins of, xiii.
255
Neocaesarea, Pontus, coins of, xx.
366
Neoclaudiopolis, Paphlagonia,
coin of, xix. 95
Nero, coins of, xi. 202 ; xvii. 296,
297 ; xviii. 112, 129, 315 ; xx. 8
Nero and Agrippina, coin of, xvii.
44
Nero Drusus, coins of, xi. 200 ;
xviii. 308
Nerva, coins of, xvii. 56, 132;
xviii. 130
Nesboe, Norway, find of coins at,
xiii. 36
Neuchatel, bracteate of, xix. 24
Newcastle, coin of Edward I
struck at, xviii. 23
Nicaea, Bithynia, coins of, xviii.
106 ; xx. 367
Nicodamus, tyrant of Salamis, coin
of, xvi. 30
Nicomedes II, of Bithynia, coin of,
xi. 130 ; xviii. 106
Nicopolis, Epirus, coin of, xvii. 1 04
Nike on Syracusan medallions, xi.
236, 350
NIKH4>OPOY, title, its earliest
occurrence on Parthian coins,
xx. 193
Nizam Shah, coin of, xviii. 269
Noble, its change of value in 1464,
xv. 164
Nobles, Flemish imitations of,
xiii. 26
Nordgriechenlands, die antiken Mun-
zen — Daeien und Moesien, by
Behrendt Pick, noticed, xix. 362
Norman kings, coinage of, xiii. 129
Northampton, short-cross pennies
struck at, xvii. 243
Northumbrian coinage of A.D. 758-
808, xvii. 1341
Northumbrian styca of Alchred
and Archbishop Ecgberht, xiii.
267
Norwich, short- cross pennies struck
at, xvii. 243
Numerianus, coin of, xvi. 243
Numismatic prize of the Revue
Beige de Numismatique, xix. 82
Nummi serrati and astral coin
types, xix. 322
Nummus, the Roman origin of,
xiv. 228
Nur Mahommed Khan, coins of,
xvi. 306
Nysa, Lydia, coin of, xvi. 96
O.
O for obolos on coins of Phocis and
Locri, xv. 269
OADA, legend on coins of the
Kushans, xii. 76, 108, 136
Ococlea and Bruzus, alliance of,
xii. 208
OA for " obolos " on coin of Ar-
cadia, xv. 271
Odessus, Thrace, coins of, xvii.
101 ; xx. 364
OAP2I, coin inscribed, xii. 197
Oertel, O., medallist, xiv. 108
Oetaei, the, Thessaly, coin of, xx.
282
Off a, King of Mercia, coins of, xiv.
31 ; xvi. 270
Oinoanda, Lycia, mint of, xvii. 25
0 KHSHO, legend on coins of the
Kushans, xii. 79, 118, 121, 126,
153
Okeyti or Okbara, coin struck at,
.. xii. 164
Okuvomi, Lycia, coins of, xv. 16
Olba, Cilicia, coins of, xi. 132;
xix. 181, 203
Olbasa, Pisidia, coin of, xx. 292
Olbia, Pamphylia, coin of, xviii.
217
Olbia, Sarmatia, coins of, xii. 3
GENERAL INDEX.
29
Oleszczynski, L., medallist, xiv.
110
Olynthus, Macedonia, coins of, xii.
25, 191 ; xvii. 276
Orbiana, coins of, xvi. 199 ; xyii.
124 ; xx. 30, 39
Oriental coins, unpublished, xiv. 88
Orodes I of Parthia, coins of, xiii.
216 ; xx. 196 et teqq.
ORON", legend on coins of the
Kushans, xii. 121
Orontas, satrap of Persia, coins of,
xiv. 309, 331
Orophernes, King of Cappadocia,
coins of, xx. 367
Oropus, Attica, coin of, xix. 254
Orpheus on Vauxhall tickets, xviii.
84
Orrescii, Macedonia, coin of the,
xvii. 277
OPeAFNHS or OPAAFNO, name
of, xx 370
Orthe, Thessaly, coin of, xii. 8
0. S., initials of Otto Schulz, die-
engraver in Berlin, xx. 258
Osred II, King of Northumbria,
coins of, xvii. 139
Otacilia Severa, coins of, xvii. 125 ;
xx. 30, 43
Otanes. King of Parthia, coins of,
xx. 89
Otho, Emperor of Germany, de-
nier of, xvii. 244
Otho, Roman Emperor, coins of,
xvii. 45
Oudine, E. A., medallist, xiv. Ill
Oxford, short -cross pennies struck
at, xvii. 244
P.
IT — A, Cretan coin reading, xvii.
30
Pacorus II, King of Parthia, coin
of, xiii. 216
Pagae, Megaris, coins of, xiii. 23 ;
xx. 11
Pale, Cephallenia, tritetartemorion
of, xv. 270
Pamphylia, coins of, xviii. 217
Panjab, coins of the, xvi. 268
Panormus, Sicily, coins of, xi. 269 ;
xvi. 143 *
Panticapaeum, Thracian Cherso-
nese, coin of, xvii. 103
Papak, Indo-Scythic king, coin of,
xiii. 178
Paphlagonia, coins of, xix. 255
Paphos, Cyprus, coins of, xvi. 32
Paquet, A. C., medallist, xiv. Ill
Paracelsus, medals of, xiii. 60 ;
xv. 164
Parikla, dynast of Limyra, coins
of. xv. 42
Parium, Mysia, coin of, xvi. 92
Paroreia, Arcadia, coin of, xiii. 25
Paros, coins of, xix. 95, 276
Parr, Thomas, medals of, xv. 303
Parthian coinage, re-arrangement
of, xx. 181
Parthian coins, xviii. 332 ; xx. 89
Patara, Lycia, coins of, xv. 32 ;
dynasts of, ib. 35
Patrae, Achaia, coin of, xx. 365
Patraus. King of Paeonia, coin of,
xii. 188
Pausanias, King of Macedon, coin
of, xi. 122
Pax Pennies of William I or II,
xi. 25, 161
Pax type, the, xiii. 143
Peibistratus, tyrant of Delos, coins
of, xv. 179
Pellene, Achaia, coin of, xx. 365
Penny, gold, of Henry III, xx.
218 et seqq.
Perdicoas II of Macedon, coin of,
xvi. 16
Perga, Pamphylia, coins of, xix.
105 ; xx. 290
Pergamum, Mysia, coins of, xiii.
10; xiv. 11; xv. 99; xviii. 108;
xix. 97 ; xx. 367
Pericles of Limyra, coins of, xv. 42
Perinthus, Thrace, coins of, xvi. 13
Perkins' School Tokens, xvi. 262
Perlis, dynast of Lycia, coin of,
xiii. 15
Perperene, Mysia, coin of, xx. 367
Persephone, head of, on medallions
of Syracuse, xi. 231, 244
Perseus, King of Macedon, portrait
of, xvi. 34
Persia, double daric of, xi. 133
Persia, early coin of, xii. 38
Persia, Mongols of, xii. 169
Persian Treasury, curiosities in
the, xviii. 93
Pertinax, coins of, xvi. 192 ; xviii.
150
Pescennius Niger, coin of. xvii. 68
Peter I of Cyprus, coins of, xii.
217
Petit, L. M., medallist, xiv. 112
30
GENERAL INDEX.
Petronia family, coins of, xvii. 39
Peukolaus, Graeco- Indian Prince,
coin of, xvi. 269
Pt.aestus, Crete, coins of, xii. 200 ;
xv. 96; xx. 066
Phalaserna, Crete, coins of, xiv. 98
Pharnabazus, satrap of Dascylion,
coin of, xiii. 11
PHARRO, legend on coins of the
Kuabans, xii. 76, 108, 138
Pheidon, coinage of, xiii. 246
Pheneus, Arcadia, coins of, xiii. 6 ;
xiv. 8 ; xvi. 90 ; xviii. 328
Pherae, Thessaly, coins of, xi. 123
Philadelphia, Decapolis, title of,
xx. 369
<J>1AEAAHNO2, title, on coins of
Parthia, xx. 194
Philip I, Roman emperor, coins of,
xv. 289 ; xvi. 201 ; xvii. 82,
125, 252; xx. 30, 42
Philip II, Roman emperor, coins
of, xvi. 201 ; xvii. 126; xx. 30,
43
Philip II of Macedon, coin of, xii.
26 ; xiv. 2 ; xv. 90
Philip V of Macedon, coins of,
xvi. 35 ; xviii. 100
Philip and Mary, coins of, found
at Crediton, xvii. 162
Philippi, Macedonia, coin of, xvi.
88
Philippopolis, Thessaly, coin of,
xi. 123
Philippopolis, Thrace, coin of, xx.
8
Phillips, Maberly, his Token Money
of the Bank of England, noticed,
xx. 271
Phocaea, Ionia, coins of, xiv. 15 ;
xvi. 95 ; xvii. 259 ; xviii. 330
Phocaic standard, coins of the,
xvii. 262
Phocian oboli with 0, xv. 299
Phocis, coin of, xvii. 105
Phoenicia, coins of, xviii. 122 ;
xix. 258
Phoenix medalet of Elizabeth, xvi.
274
Phraates I, King of Parthia, coins
of, xiii. 208 ; xx. 190 et *eqq.
Phraates II, King of Parthia, coins
of, xiii. 210 ; xx. 186 et seqq.
Phraates III, King of Parthia,
< cins of, xx. 196 et seqq.
Phraates IV, King of Parthia,
coins of, xx. 89, 199, 202
Phriapatius, King of Parthia, coins
of, xiii. 207 ; xx. 184 et i>eqq.
Phrygia, coins of, xix. 257
Phrygillos, the engraver, xi. 223,
264
Pick, Behrendt, his Dacien wnd
Moesien, noticed, xix. 362
Pierini, C., medallist, xiv. 112
Pinara, Lycia, coin of, xviii. 212
Pir Mahammed, coins of, xvi. 291
Pisa, Elis, coin of, xx. 365
Pisidia, coins of, xix. 257
Pistrucci, B., medallist, xiv. 112
Planets symbolised on coins of the
Ku^hans, xii. 53, 61, 72, 103, 129
Plated Roman silver coins found in
India, x\iii. 319
Plautilla, coins of, xvi. 195 ; xviii.
162, 177 ; xx. 23
Pnytagoras of Cyprus, coin of, xi.
142
Pnytos of Cyprus, coin of, xvi. 33
Pogla, Pisidia, coin of, xx. 23
Polemo I of Pontus, coins of, xix.
186, 194
Poly rhenium, Crete, coins of, xiv.
93; xix. 94 ; xx. 15
Polyxenus, Graeco-Indian Prince,
coin of, xvi. 269
Pompeii, wall painting at, in the
Casa dei Vettii, xvi. 53
Ponscarme, F. H. J., medallist,
xiv. 117
Pontus, coins of, xix. 255
Porto Bello, unpublished medal of,
xx 180
Portraiture on Greek coins, xx.
364, 369, 370, 371, 372
Poseidonia, Lucania, coin of, xv.
89
Posidium, Coele-Syria, coin of,
xviii. 124, 246
Posidium and Tarsus, coins of, xiv.
326
Postumus, coins of, xx. 30, 47, 213
Potidaea, Macedonia, coins of, xii.
7 ; xviii. 254 ; xx. 276
Poussin, N., medal of, xv. 308
Praesus, Crete, coins of, xi. 129 ;
xii. 30 ; xvi. 18 ; xx. 366
Praxippus of Cyprus, coin of, xi.
144
Pretoria, mint established at, xx.
261
Priam, medal of, xvii. 314
PrianBue. Crete, coins of, xv. 96 ;
xix. 94 ; xx. 366
GENERAL INDEX.
31
Probus, coins of, xvi. 242 ; xvii.
129 ; xx. 217
Probus, medallion of, xi. 159
Proclamation on the new coinage
of 1893, xiii. 150
Prusa ad Olympum, coin of, xviii.
106
Psophis, Arcadia, coins of, xx. 366
Ptolemy I of Egypt, coins of, xx.
26, 371
Ptolemy I and II of Egypt, coins
of Tyre, xx. 371
Pudukota, defaced Roman aurei
found at, xix. 81, 82
Pudukota, Roman aurei from, xviii.
304
Pupienus, coin of, xvi. 201
Purwaditya, Indo-Scythic ruler,
coins of, xiv. 285
Pygela. Ionia, altered to Phygela
on coins, xviii. 330
Q.
Quarter-florin or Helm, gold, of
Edward III, xx. 233 et seqq.
Quintillus, coins of, xx. 216
R.
Rafi-ad-darajat, coins of, xvi. 173
Raja Lakhana Udayaditya, coins
of, xiv. 279
Rajatarangim, a History of Kash-
mir, quoted, xiv. 248, 250
Ramsay, Prof. W. M.t his Histo-
rical Geography of Asia Minor,
noticed, xi. Ill
Rawlings, Miss G-. B , her Story of
the British Coinage, noticed, xviii.
279
Reading, coins struck at, xviii. 281
Reading mint, the, xiii. 53
Reber, B., his Fragments numisma-
tiques sur le Canton d'Argovie,
noticed, xiii. 149
Mevue Beige de Numiswatique, nu-
mismatic prize of, xix. 82
Revue Numismatique, noticed, 1890,
xi. 105 ; 1891, ib. 418 ; 1891, xii.
174 ; 1892, ib. 250, 326 ; xiii. 73 ;
1893, ib. 146, 230 ; xiv. 81 ; 1894,
ib. 180, 340 ; xv. 316 ; 1896, xvi.
345
Rhauous, Crete, coins of, xi, 129 ;
xx. 366
Rhegium, Bruttii, coins of, xi. 364 ;
xiv. 210 ; xvi. 9, 185, 189; xvii.
173
Rhegium, Bruttii, seated figure on
coins of, xix. 5
Rheinau, bracteates of, xix. 24
Raizus, Thessaly, coin of, xx. 9
Rhodes, coin of, xviii. 114
Khodhovani, coins from, xiv. 94
Rhoemetaloes, King of Bosporus",
coin of, xviii. 103
Richard I, coins of, xvii. 235
Richard II, coins of, xvi. 80 ; xviii.
10, 55
Richard III, coins of, xii. 225 ; xx.
166, 174
Richard III, angel of, xv. 117
Richarl, Earl of Cornwall, coins of ,
xiii. 278 ; note on the arms of,
xiv. 85
Richard, L., bronze -founder, xiii.
305
Richborough, supposed Roman
mint at, under Carausius, xx. 52
Rickmansworth Token, xiii. 282
RIDE, legend on coins of the
Kushans, xii. 114, 147
Ridgeway, Prof. W., his Origin of
Metallic Currency and Weight
Standards, noticed, xii. 347
Rings, Celtic bronze, found at
H'onlev, xviii. 296
Ringn, Roman gold, found at Sully,
xx. 27, 63
Rithymna, Crete, coin of, xiv. 91
Robert H of Scotland, coins of,
xviii. 10, 37, 72
Robert, Earl of Gloucester, forged
coins of, xix. 246
Rochester, mint of, under Ecg-
beorht, xiv. 63
Rogat, E., medallist, xiv. 11 7
Roman coins, finds of, in India, xi.
199 ; xix. 263 ; at Colchester, xi
413; at Cologne, xii. 179; at
Brickendonbury, xvi. 191 ; at
Bishops' s Wood, xvi. 209 ; at
Cadbury camp, xvi. 238 ; at Cam-
bridge, xvii. 119, 251 ; on the
Theodule Pass, xvii. 127; at
Honley, xvii. 296 ; in Eastern
Counties, xviii. 126 ; at Pudu-
kota, xviii. 304 ; xix. 81, 82 ; at
Sully, xx. 27 ; atCarhayes,xx.209
Roman family coins found with
those of the Brigantes, xvii. 296 ;
found in India, xix. 263
32
GENERAL INDEX.
.Roman gold coins found in Pudu-
kota, xviii. 304
Roman large brass coins, forgeries
of, xii. 255
Roman medallions, rare and un-
published, xi. 152 ; xvi. 40
Roman quadrans found in the
Theodule Pass, xvii. 131
Roman silver plated coins found in
India, xviii. 319
Roman silver system as affected by
Dionysius of Syracuse, xiv. 226
Ross, Lt.-Col. Sir Patrick, medal
of, xiv. 87
Roty, L. O., medallist, xiv. 118
R. S. R. on coins of Carausius, xx.
52, 53
Rula, short-cross pennies struck at,
xvii. 242
Runes, on Northumbrian coins, xiii.
269
Runic inscriptions on Anglo-Saxon
coins, xiv. 20
Russian coin found at Xesboe, xiii.
39
S.
Sabina, coins of, xviii. 136, 169; xx.
16
Sable, Robert de, of Cyprus, coin of,
xi. 148
Sacaba, Lycia, coin of, xviii. 206
Saffarls, coins of the, xii. 162
Sagakssus, Pisidia, coins of, xix.
106 ; xx. 368
Sagau, — , medallist, xiv. 120
St. Albans, token of, xiii. 285
St. Edmundsbury, see Bury St.
Edmunds
St. Gall, bracteates of, xix. 24
St. Ida marries Ecgberht of
Wessex, xx. 74
St. Patrick halfpenny, &c., date of
issue and currency of, xix. 46
Salamis, Cyprus, coins of, xi. 141 ;
xvi. 29
Salmaeis, Caria, coins assigned to,
xi. 140
Salonina, coins of, xviii. 117, 119 ;
xx. 30, 46, 213
Saloninns, coins of, xvii. 89 ; xx.
30,47, 208
Samanls, coins of the, xii. 162
Samos, coins of, xvi. 24 ; xix. 101
Samudra-Grupta, coins of, xi. 53
San'a, coin of the Beni Rasul,
struck at, xiv. 88
Sanabares of Parthia, coins of, xiii.
218
Santa Maria di Licodia, Sicily,
find of coins at, xi. 217
SARAPO, legend on coins of the
Kushans, xii. 120
Sardes, Lydia, coins of, xv. 100 ;
xvii. 190
Sanaa, Scythian dynast, coin of,
xix. 88
Sassanian coins, attribution of cer-
tain silver, xvi. 246
Saturn on coins of the Kushans, xii.
153
Saulini, T., medallist, xiv. 120
Savatra, Lycaonia, coin of, xiii. 19
Saxon gold trientes struck in Bri-
tain, xiii. 259
Sceattas, find of, near Cambridge,
xiv. 18
Scepsis, Troas, coins of, xx. 367
Schaffhausen, bracteates of, xix.
25
Scharff, A., medallist, xiv. 121
Schlosser, J. von, his Catalogue of
Greek Coins, Vienna Museum,
Thessaly to Epirus, noticed, xiii.
72
School Tokens, Perkins, xvi. 262
Schnitzspahn, C., medallist, xiv.
122
Schulz, Otto, engraves dies for coins
of the South African Republic,
xx. 258
Schwyz, bracteates of, xix. 26
Scione, Macedonia, coins of, xi.
121 ; xviii. 193, 255
Scottish coins found at Balcombe,
xviii. 10, 36, 72
Scytho-Sassanian coins, xiii. 166
Seasons, The, on Vauxhall tickets,
xviii. 81
Sebaste, Paphlagonia, coins of, xv.
275
Sebastopol, medals of, xiii. 292,
807
Sebaatopolis-Heracleopolis, Pontus,
coin of, xviii. 102
" Sede Vacante " coins of Canter-
bury, xiv. 47
Segesta, Sicily, coins of, xi. 250,
294, 367
Segusiavi, G-aul, coins of, xx. 363
Seleucia, Pisidia, coins of, xviii.
118; xx. 23
GENERAL INDEX.
33
Seleucia ad Calycadnum, Cilicia,
coins of, xv. 103 ; xviii. 331
Seleucus, King of Babylon, coins
of, xviii. 326
Seleucus I of Syria, coins of, xviii.
225 ; xx. 293
Seleucus II of Syria, coins of, xviii.
242
Seleucus I II of Syria, coins of, xviii.
242
Selge, Pisidia, coins of, xii. 18 ; xv.
287 ; xviii. 118; xix. 106
Selinus, Sicily, coins of, xi. 222,
265, 277, 368 ; xvii. 19 ; xx.
364
Seljuks, coins of the, xii. 166
Semtia, Lycia, coins of, xviii. 203,
245
Sepia on uncertain coin of Etruria,
xx. 2
Septiraius Severus, coins of, xi.
415 ; xiii. 14, 22 ; xvi. 193; xvii.
69, 121, 132; xviii. 105, 118,
150, 172, 291, 292 ; xx. 17, 22,
29, 34
Serrure and Engel, Traitede Numis-
mattque du Moyen Age, noticed,
xi. 114; xiv. 294
Seuthes I, King of Thrace, coins
of, xii. 4
Severus, see Septimius Severus
Severus II, coins of, xix. 211 et
seqq. ; xx. 1 10 et seqq. ; 299 et
seqq.
Severus Alexander, coins of, xi.
417 ; xiii. 7 ; xvi. 197 ; xvii. 78,
123, 252; xviii. 167, 189; xx.
22, 30, 38, 101
Severus Alexander, medallions of,
xi. 158
Shah Akbar II, coins of, xvi. 178
Shah Alam II, coins of, xvi. 176,
181
Shah Jahan I, coins of, xvi. 167
Shah Jahan III, coins of, xvi. 176
Shahi Jabuvla, coins of, xiv. 278,
283
Shahi Jara, coins of, xiv. 282
Shahi Tigin, coin of, xiv. 291
Shams- ad-dm-Daud, coins of, xviii.
266, 270
SHAREWAR, legend on coins of
the Kushans, xii. 114, 116
SherAlI, coins of , xvi. 294, 329,
337
Short-cross pennies found in France,
xvii. 235
Shrewsbury mint under Henry III,
xix. 112
Sicilian coins, xviii. 321, 326
Sicilian Numismatics, contributions
to, xiv. 189 ; xvi. 101
Sicily, coins of, xix. 251
Siculo-Punic coins, xi. 268, 369
Sicyon, coins of, xix. 254
Side, Pamphylia, coins of, xvii
194 ; xviii. 117; xx. 291
Sidon, Phoenicia, coins of, xi. 422 ;
xiv. 334
Sigeium, Troas, coins of, xiv. 306
Silphium on coins, xi. 7
Simon, J. H., medallist, xiv. 123
Sinatruces, King of Parthia, coins
of, xx. 193 et seqq.
Sinope, Paphlagonia, coins of, xiii.
7 ; xv. 169
Siscia. mint of, during the Con-
stantine Period, xx. 297
SKANDA-KUMARA and VISA-
KHA, legends on coins of the
Kushans, xii. 106
Skye, find of coins in, xiii. 220
Smyrna, Ionia, coin of, xvi. 99
Smyrna, Ionia, its proconsul, xx.
367
Smyrna, Ionia, unpublished or
rare coins of in the Bodleian
Library, xx. 203
Smyrna and Caesarea, coin of, xvi.
99
Smyrna and Troas, coins of, xii.
204, 206
Socha, coins of, xv. 206
Soli-Pompeiopolis, Cilicia, coin
with head of Chrysippus, xx.
368
Solon, his monetary legislation,
xv. 184 ; his reform of the Attic
Standard, xvii. 284
Solothurn, bracteates of, xix. 26
Sosion, the Syracusan coin - en-
graver, xi. 263
2OTER = 2QTHP, on coins of
Himera, xviii. 188
South African Kepublic, coinage
of, xx. 252
Spintaza, dynast of Telmessus,
coin of, xiii. 15
Spithridates, satrap of Ionia and
Lydia, coin of, xx. 289
Sppndaza, dynast of Telmessus,
coins of, xv. 27
Stasioicos of Cyprus, coin of, xvi.
32
€
GENERAL INDEX.
Staudigel, T\, medallist, xiv. 123
Stephen, coins of, xvi. 59
Stephen, baronial coin of time of,
xvi. 275
Stephen, forged coins of, xix. 207
Stephen, penny of, xv. 110
Stettner, J. T., medallist, xiv. 124
Storrie, John, his account of coins
and rings found at Sully, xx.
26
Straits Settlements, tokens of, xv.
135
Strassen, M. zur, see Zur Strassen,
M.
Stuckhart, F., medallist, xiv. 124
Stymphalus, Arcadia, coins of, xx.
366
Sully, near Cardiff, Roman coins
and rings found at, xx. 27
Sultan Mahommed, coins of, xvi.
335
Sumatra, coins of, xv. 143
Sung-yun, Chinese Pilgrim, quoted,
. xiv. 247
Svoronos, J. N., his Numismatique
de la Crete Ancienne, noticed, xi.
109 ; his Ancient Coins in the
Ephemeris Archaeologica, 1890,
noticed, xi. 110; The Coin Cabi-
net at Athens, noticed, xiii. 234 ;
his Coins, relating to Zeus in Crete,
noticed, xiii. 237 ; his Brito-
martis, In soi-disante Europe, &c.,
noticed, xiv. 182 ; 'laropia TUIV
vofjuff/jaraiv, noticed, xviii. 280
Swiss bracteates in the British
Museum, xix. 12
Sybaris and Croton, coin of, xvi. 9
Sybrita, Crete, coin of, xv. 97
Syedra, Cilicia, coin of, xviii. 119
Syracusan coinage, chronology of
the, xi. 348
Syracusan " medallions " and their
engravers, xi. 205
Syracusan "medallions," weight
of, xi. 249 ; history of, ib. 325
Syracuse, Sicily, coins of, xi. 117,
221, 368 ; xii. 2 ; xiv. 189, 202 ;
xvi. 10; xvii. 99, 273; xx. 274,
364
Syracuse and Messana, alliance of,
xvi. 117
Syria, coins of, xix. 258
Syria, kings of, their coins, xx.
369
Sysinas of Sinope, coin of, xiv.
302
T.
Tachos of Egypt, gold coin of,
xx. 370
Tacitus, coins of, xvi. 241 ; xx. 217
Taghlak Shah, coin of, xiv. 185
Talabahi, Lycia, coin of, xv. 38
Talent, the reduced Sicilian, xiv.
223
Taranath, his history of Buddhism,
quoted, xiv. 248
Tarentum, Calabria, coins of, xii.
22 ; xiv. 231 ; xvi. 188 ; xvii.
18, 96, 270 ; xix. 86 ; xx. 364
Tarra, Crete, coin of, xvi. 19
Tarsus, Cilicia, coins of, xi. 300 ;
xii. 207 ; xiv. 326 ; xv. 192 ; xx.
369
Tarsus, tesserae of, relating to the
distribution of coin, xx. 96, 103,
105
Tarsus and Posidium, coins of, xiv.
326
Tasset, E. P., medallist, xiv. 125
Taththivaibi, Lycia, coins of, xv.
25 ; see also Teththiveebis
Tavium, Galatia, coin of, xiii. 19
Teimiusa, Cyanea, coins of, xviii.
201
Telmessus, Lycia, coins of, xviii.
201, 212
Telmessus, Lycia, dynasts of, xv. 18
Temnus, Aeolis, coin of, xix. 99
Tenea, Achaia, coin of, xviii. 102
Tenedos, coins of, xiii. 89; xvii.
113; xviii. 329
Tenos, coins of, xv. 273
Tt-rina, Bruttii, coins of, xvii. 98 ;
xx. 364
Termessos, Pi&idia, coins of, xvii.
26
Tesserae of Tarsus, xx. 96, 103, 105
Teththiveebis, coin of, xiii. 16 ; see
also Taththiviiibi
Tetricus I, coins of, xvi. 245 ; xx.
215
Tetricus II, coins of, xx. 215
Thap . . . , dynast of Telmessus,
coin of, xv. 18
Thasos, coins of, xiii. 4 ; xv. 92 ;
xvii. 102
Thebes, Boeotia, coin of, xx. 11
Theodora, coins of, xvi. 214, 234
Theodosius I, coins of, xii. 180 ;
xvii. 133
Theodule Pass, Roman coins found
in the, xvii. 127
GENERAL INDEX.
35
eEOHATOPOS, title of, its earliest
occurrence on coins of Parthia,
&c., xx. 192
6 EOS, title of Antimachus of
Bactria, xviii. 332
6 EOT, title on Parthian coins,
xx. 94 ; on Bactrian coins, ib.
95 ; its earliest occurrence on
Parthian, &c., coins, ib. 192
Thessalian confederacy, coins of
the, xii. 8
Thessaly, coins of, xvi. 89 ; xviii.
286 ; xix. 253
Thrace, coins of, xviii. 327 ; xix.
. 253
Thraco-Macedonian coin, uncer-
tain, xv. 93
Thymbra, Troas, coin of, xvi. 23
Thyrrheium, Acarnania, coin of,
xx. 284
Tiberiopolis, Phrygia, coins of,
xviii. 331
Tiberius, coins of, xi. 199 ; xvii.
42 ; xviii. 307 ; xix. 193, 265
Timarchos of Paphos, coin of, xi.
145
Timotheos of Cyzicus, coin of, xviii.
197
Tin-plated Syracusan medallion,
xiv. 221
Tiraeus II of Characene, coin of,
xix. 107
Tnidates, King of Parthia, coins
of, xiii. 206 ; xx. 190 et seqq.
Titiopolis, Cilicia, coins of, xiv. 16 ;
xx. 293
Titus, coins of, xvii. 50 ; xviii. 130
Titus and Julia, coin of, xvii. 52
Tityros or Tisyros, xi. 417
Tlos, Lycia, coins of, xv. 42 ; xviii.
214
Tokens, early, of Bristol, xix. 350
Tokens of Ceylon, xv. 247
Tokens of Hertfordshire, xiii. 282
Tolstoi, Count F. P., medallist,
xiv. 126
Tonagura, coin of, xv. 24
Toramana of Kashmir, coins of,
xix. 151
Toramana of Kashmir, inscription
of, xiv. 249, 251
Tottnau, bracteates of, xix. 27
Touchstone, the use of, as exercised
by the Greeks, xv. 104
Trajan, coins of, xiv. 100 ; xv.
208, 277; xvii. 56; xviii. 131,
169
Trajan Decius, coins of, xvi. 201 ;
xviii. 106 ; xx. 30, 43
Tralles, Lydia, coin of, xix. 103
Transvaal arms, mistake in, xx.
257
Transvaal coinage, see South Afri-
can Republic, &c.
Trapezopolis, Caria, coin of, xviii.
330
Trbbonimi, Lycia, coin of, xv.
40
Trebenna, Lycia, coin of, xix.
105
Trebonianus Gallus, coins of, xx.
30, 44
Tree, uprooting of the, on coin of
Magnesia, xii. 89
Trentacoste, D., medallist, xiv.
126
Tricca, Thessaly, coin of, xi. 125
Triloka, Indo-Scythic king, coins
of, xiv. 284
Tripoli, Cyrenaic coins found at,
xix. 175
Tripolis, Phoenicia, era of Alexan-
der the Great at, xx. 370
Triune on Manx coins, origin of
the, xix. 38
Troas, coins of, xix. 256
Troas and Smyrna, coins of, xii.
204, 206
Turushka Dynasty, coins of the,
xiii. 219
Tulunis, coin of the, xii. 166
Tyana, Cappadocia, coin of, xiii.
19
Types of English coins, xii. 257
U.
Uala, Lycia. coins of, xv. 24
Uhlmann, W., medallist, xiv. 126
Ukug, Lycia, coins of, xv. 23
Uncertain electrum coins, xiii. 86
Uncertain Greek coins, xviii. 120,
121, 122, 287 ; xix. 278, 287
Uranius Antoninus, coins of, xvii.
80
Uranopolis, Macedonia, coin of, xx.
364
"Urbs Roma," coins of, xvi. 221,
237 ; xvii. 133 ; xix. 238 ; xx.
355
Uri, bracteates of, xix. 27
Urtukis, coins of the, xii. 168
Utavo, Lycia, coin of, xv. 17
36
GENERAL INDEX.
V.
Vad . . , Lycia, coin of, xv. 41
Vakhssara of Patara (?), coin of,
xv. 34
Valens, coin of, xvii. 133
Valentinian II, coins of, xii. 179 ;
xvii. 133
Valerian I, coins of, xv. 289 ; x^i.
245 ; xvii. '86 ; xx. 30, 45 ; xx.
212
Valerian II, coins of, xx. 30, 47
VANINDA, legend on coins of the
Kushans, xii. 105
Varahran, Indo-Scythic king1, coins
of, xiii. 181
Vasu Deva, Indo-Scythic king1,
coins of, xii. 50, 123; xiv. 290,
292
Vauxhall Gardens, tickets of, xviii.
73
Vechte, A., medallist, xiv. 126
Velia, Lucania, coins of, xii. 185 ;
xvi. 188
Vellalore, Southern India, find of
coins at, xi. 199
Ventidius Fronto, duumvir at
Coriuth, xviii. 291
Venus on coins of the Kushans,
xii. 143
Vemitius, the history of, xvii.
298
Verbe, Pisidia, coins of, xv. 102 ;
xx. 23
Verica, unpublished silver coin of,
xx. 264
Vernon, Admiral, unpublished
medal of, xx. 180
Verulam, coin of, found at Ostend,
xix. 262
Verus, see Lucius Verus
Vespasian, coins of, xvii. 47, 297 ;
xviii. 129, 317
Vettii,Casa dei, wall painting in the,
at Pompeii, xvi. 53 ; xviii. 294
Victoria, Manx coins of, xix. 64
Victorinus, coins of, xvi. 240;
xvii. 132 ; xx. 214
Vienna Museum, Catalogue of
Greek Coins in thcy noticed, xiii.
72
Vikrama, era, origin of the, xiv.
251
Vill abate, Sicily, find of coins at,
xiv. 201
Viminiacum, Moesia, coin of, xx.
364
VISAKHA, legend on coins of the
Kushans, xii. 106
Vitellius, coins of, xvii. 46 ; xviii.
129
Vivier, M. N. M., medallist, xiv.
128
Voigt, C. F., medallist, xiv. 129
VOLISIOS, legend on British
coins, xvii. 297
Vologeses II, King of Parthia,
coin of, xiii. 216
Volusian, coins of, xvii. 14 ; xx.
30, 45
Vonones I, King of Parthia, legend
on his coins, xx. 93
Vries, S. de, medallist, xiv. 131
W.
Waldshut, bracteates of, xix. 28
Wall Mahommed Khan, coins of,
xvi. 305, 341
Wall Sher AH, coins of, xvi. 288,
341
Wall Ullah Shah, coins of, xviii.
271
Wallingford, find of groats at,
Henry VI— Henry VII, xii. 220
WarMedaU, by 1). Hastings Irwin,
noticed, xix. 83
Wardrobe counters of Edward III,
xv. 168; xx. 242
Ware, token of, xiii. 205
Watford, British coin found near,
xvi. 183
Wazlr Fatteh, coins of, xvi. 291
Weardbyrig, mint of, xiii. 220
Webb, W. W., his Currencies of the
Hindu States of Rajputana, no-
ticed, xiii. 338
Weckwerth, H., medallist, xiv. 133
Weigand, E., medallist, xiv. 134
Wema (or Hema) Kadphises, coins
of, xii. 47
" Wereric," coins reading, xvi. 64
Wessex, coins of, xiv. 57
Western Sicily, find of coins in,
xi. 364
Whaplorte, find of coins at, xi. 202
White Huns, coins of the, xiv. 243
White Huns, their tribal name,
xiv. 258
Wiener, C., medallist, xiv. 135
Wiener, J., medallist, xiv. 138
Wiener, L., medallist, xiv. 139
Wiglaf, King of Mercia, coins of,
xiv. 40 ; xx. 156
GENERAL INDEX.
37
Wiglaf, King of Mercia. expelled
by Ecgberht, xx. 82 ; his return,
ib. 83
WIGRAED, inscription on Saxon
sceattas. xiv. 21
" Willelmus Duo," coins of, xvi.
63
William I and II, coins of, xi. 25,
161 ; xiii. 129 ; supposed for-
geries of coins of, xvii. 226
William, King of the Romans,
coins of, xiii. 280
William the Lion, penny of, xvii.
244
Wilton or Witney, PAX pennies
attributed to, xi. 161
Winchester, Saxon mint at, xiii.
265 ; short-cross pennies of, xvii.
244
Wind-gods, representations of, xi.
6
Witney or Wilton, PAX pennies
attributed to, xi. 161
Wittig, H., medallist, xiv. 140
Wolf, B., medallist, xiv. 140
Wulfred, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, coins of, xiv. 44
Wiirden, C., medallist, xiv. 140
X.
Xanthus, Lycia, coins of, xv, 28,
32 ; xviii. 199, 203
Y.
YakubKhan, coins of, xvi. 299, 340
Yasodharman, inscriptions of, xiv.
249
York, coins of, Edward I to Richard
II, xviii. 9, 10, 18, 21, 23, 31,
35, 45, 49, 52
York, short -cross pennies of, xvii.
243
Yorkshire, ancient British coins
found in, xvii. 293
Yue-Ti, coins of, xii. 40, 98
Z.
Zabuli coins, unassigned, xiv. 276
Zaeelii, Macedonia, coin of, xii. 24
Zaga, Lycia, coin of, xv. 41
Zambaco, Madame M. T., medallist,
xiv. 141
Zancle, Sicily, coins of, xvi. 101 ;
xx. 5
Zancle, Sicily, temporary restora-
tion of, xvi. 109
Zay, E., his Histoire Monetaire des
Colonies Franqai<tes, noticed, xii.
178
Zeitschrift fur Nwnismatik, noticed,
1890, xi. 106 ; 1892, xii. 177 ;
xiii. 74 ; 1893, xiii. 232 ; xiv.
83; 1894-5, xv. 319 ; 1896, xvi.
347
Zela, Pontus, coin of, xviii. 328
Zeugitana, coins of, xix. 258
Zeus Labrandeus, head of, xii. 93
Ziyaris, coins of the, xii. 162, 172
Zofingen, bracteates of, xix. 28
Zomu or Zomus, dynast of Lycia,
coins of, xiii. 16 ; xv. 39
Zotimos, King of Cyprus, coin of,
xvi. 31
Zug, bracteates of, xix. 29, 34
Zur Strassen, M., medallist, xiv.
142
Zurich, bracteates of, xix. 30, 34
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