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HARVARD    UNIVERSITY. 


LIBRARY 

OF   THE 

MUSEUM   OF  COMPARATIVE  ZOOLOGY. 


JYcnj^^xivLqj'^o'i-  liofcrLiliSjci 


01, 


OCCASIONAL    PAPERS 


OF  thp: 


BERNICE    PAUAHI    BISHOP   MUSEUM    OF 

POLYNESIAN    ETHNOLOGY  AND 

NATURAL  HISTORY. 


VOLUME    I. 


"  honolulu,  h.  i. 
Bishop    Museum    Press. 
1898-1902. 


iioari)  of  (Trustees. 


Sanford  B.  Dole,  lyL.D. 

William  O.  Smith      .... 

*Rev.  Charles  M.  Hyde,  D.D.  | 
Alfred  W.  Carter  i 

Henry  Holmes        .         .         .         ... 

Joseph  O.  Carter.     vSamuel  M.  Damon. 


President. 
Vice-President. 

Secretary. 

Treasurer. 
William  F.  Allen. 


ftluseum  §>taff. 


William  T.  Brigham 
tAcLAND  Wansey 
William  H.  Dall 
William  A.  Bryan 
John  F.  G.  Stokes 
Allen  M.  Walcott 
John  W.  Thompson 
Alvin  Seale 
John  J.  Greene 


Dire(5lor. 

Curator. 

Honorary  Curator  of  Mollusca. 

Curator  of  Ornithology. 

Assistant  and  A(5ling  Librarian. 

Assistant. 

Artist  and  Modeller. 

Colleaor. 

Printer. 


J.  Kealohakui  Malao,  Janitor. 


*Dr.  Hyde  died  October  13,  1899,  and  the  appointment  of  Mr.  A.  W.  Carter  was  made. 
fResigned  October  6,  1898. 


CONTKNTPS. 


Number  i. 

Director's  report  of  visit  to  foreign  museums. 

Ntimber  2. 

Director's  report  for   1899. 

Mat  sails  of  the  Pacific,  by  John  F.  G.  Stokes. 

Ray-skill  rasps,  by  Allen  M.  Walcott. 

Field  notes  on  the  birds  of  Oahu,  by  Alviii  Seale. 

Acquisitions  in   1899. 

Number  3. 

Director's  report  for  1900. 

Report  of  J.  F.  G.  Stokes'  visit  to  American  museums. 
Report  of  a  mission  to  Guam. — Birds  and  fishes,  by  Alvin  Seale. 
Notes  on  the  birds  of  Kauai,  by  Wm.  A.  Bryan  and  Alvin  Seale. 
Acquisitions  in   1900. 

Ntinaber  4. 

New  Hawaiian  fishes,  b}-  Alviii  Seale. 

Nuu:iber  5. 

Director's  report  for  1901. 
Acquisitions  in  1901. 
List  of  publication  exchanges. 
Index  to  volume  I. 


INDEX  TO  VOLUME  I 


OF 


Occasional  Papers  of  the  Bernice  Paualii 
Bishop  Museum. 


ILLUSTKATIONS.  — r AJ'KK   NO.  1. 


Bishop  Museum  in  iSgy.  froHtispiccr. 

1  Australian  Museum,  p.  3. 

Hawaiian  helmet  in  Australian  Museum, 

pi.  i,  p.  4. 
Tahitian  gorget,  pi.  ii,  p.  5. 

2  Vienna  Museum,  p.  7. 

3-5    Hawaiian  helmets  at  Vienna,  pi.  iii,  p.  S. 

6  Feather  war  god  (Kukailimoku)  at  Vien- 

na, pi.  iv,  p.  9. 

7  "Oracle  House"  of  feathers,  at  Vienna, 

pi.  iv,  p.  9. 
S    Wooden  ladle.  Hawaiian,  at  Vienna,  pi. 

V,  p,  10. 
9     Shark   tooth    tool,    Hawaiian,   at  Vienna, 

pi.  V,  p.  10. 

10  Shark  tooth  knife,  Hawaiian,  at  Vienna, 

pi.  V,  p.  10. 

11  Shark  tooth  weapon,  Hawaiian,  at  Vien- 

na, p.  S. 

12  Shark  tooth   tool,    Hawaiian,  at  Vienna. 

pi.  V,  p.  10. 

13  Tahitian  poi-pounders,  at  Vienna,  p.  9. 

14  Tongan  pan  pipe,  at  Vienna,  p.  9. 

15  New   Caledonian   disk   club,   at   Vienna, 

p.  II. 

16  New   Caledonian   bent  club,   at  Vienna, 

p.  II. 

17  Greenstone  implement.   New  Caledonia. 

at  Vienna,  p.  11. 

18  Greenstone  adz.  New  Caledonia,  at  Vien- 

na, p.  II. 

19  Hermit  Island  adz,  at  Dresden,  p.  14. 
Fijian  clubs,  in  the  Bishop  Museum,  pi. 

vii,  p.  14. 

20  Berlin  Ethnological  Museum,  p.  15. 
Hawaiian  idol,  Arniug  collection,  at  Ber- 
lin, pi.  viii,  p.  15. 

Stone   idol,    Hawaiian,   at   Berlin,  pi.  ix, 

p.  16. 
Stone  image,   Hawaiian,  at  Berlin,  pi.  x, 

p.  17. 

21  Hawaiian  finger  Ijowl,  at  Berlin,  p.  17. 


22  Hawaiian   wood   carving   tool,  at  Berlin, 

p.  17. 

23  Hawaiian  stone  lamps,  at  Berlin,  p.  iS. 

24  Easter   Island    talking-stick,    at    Berlin, 

p.  19. 

25  Samoan  awa  bowl,  at  Berlin,  p.  19. 

25    Hermit  Island  shell  adz,  at  Berlin,  p.  21. 
27    New   Ireland   shark    float,  at  Berlin,  pi. 

vi,  p.  II. 
2S    Wooden   fiddle.   New   Britain,   at   Berlin, 

P-  23. 

29  Kapa  board  cleaner,  Hawaiian,  at  Copen- 

hagen, p.  24. 

30  Pattern   on   kapa   marker,    Hawaiian,  at 

Copenhagen,  p.  25. 

31  Kapa  pattern,  Hawaiian,  at  Copenhagen, 

p.  25. 

32  Carving  tool,  Hawaiian,  at  Copenhagen, 

P-  2,5. 
3^     Short  handled  adz  from  New  Caledonia, 

at  Copenhagen,  p.  26. 
34    Jade  and  wood  adz  from  New  Caledonia, 

at  Copenhagen,  p.  26. 
3,s     Cylindrical    gong,    Caroline    Islands,   at 

Hamburg,  p.  29. 

36  Gilbert  Island  armor,  at  Hamburg,  p.  29. 

37  Adz  from  Marshall  Ids. ,  at  Hamburg,  p. 30. 
3,S     Hawaiian  fish-hook,  at  Amsterdam,  p.  31. 

39  Car\'ed  eye  of  tiki,  New  Zealand,  at  Lei- 

den, p.  32. 
Hawaiian  dish  at  Leiden,  pi.  xi,  p.  32. 

40  Berne  Municipal  Museum,  p.  34. 

41  Hawaiian    weapon,  —  tortoise-shell   ring 

with   shark  tooth    inserted,   at  Berne, 

P-  35- 

42  .Sunshade,  Tahiti,  at  Berne,  p.  35. 

43  Adz,  Tahiti,  at  Berne,  p.  35. 

44  Tongan  pillow,  in  the  Bishop   Museum, 

pi.  x\'ii,  p.  50. 

45  Tongan  mats,  at  Berne,  p.  36. 

46  Canoe  breaker.  New  Zealand,  at  Berne^ 

p.  36. 


11 


Index . 


FIG. 

47  Hawaiian  helmet,  at  Paris,  p.  37. 

48  Hawaiian  coconut  and  wood  hula  drum, 

in  the  British  Museum,  p.  43. 

49  Hawaiian  idol  with  helmet,  in  the  British 

Museum,  pi.  xii,  p.  33. 

50  Hawaiian  idol  with  crest  (akua  mahiole), 

in  the  British  Museum,  pi.  xii,  p.  33. 

51  Hawaiian  bowl,  supported  by  fig^ures,  in 

the  British  Museum,  pi.  xii,  p.  33. 
31*  Hawaiian  bowl  supported  by  figures  (cor- 
ner view),  in  the  British  Museum,  pi. 
xiii,  p.  46. 

52  Hawaiian  idol,   in   the  British   Museum, 

pi.  xii,  p.  33. 

53  Hawaiian  mirror,  in  the  British  Museum, 

p.  44. 

54  Hawaiian  bowl  supported  by  three  fig- 

ures, in  British  Museum,  pi.  xiii,  p.  46. 

55  Two  bowls  connected  by  a  figure,  Hawaii- 

an, in  the  British  Museum,  pi.  xiii,  p.  46. 

56  Wooden  seat  carved  like  human  figure. 

in  the  British  Museum,  pi.  xiii,  p.  46. 

57  Wooden  bowl  between  two  figures,  in  the 

British  Museum,  pi.  xiii,  p.  46. 

58  Hawaiian  implements  of  shark  teeth,  in 

the  British  Museum,  p.  45. 


59  Hawaiian  image  made  of  "ohia"  wood,  in 

the  British  Museum,  pi.  xiv.  p.  47. 

60  Sorcery  lamp,  Tahiti,  in  the  British  Mu- 

seum, pi.  vi,  p.  II. 

61  Hawaiian   fans,  in  the  British   Museum, 

pi.  XV,  p.  48. 

62  Sacrificial  knives.   New  Zealand,  in  the 

British  Museum,  pi.  xv,  p.  48. 

63  Hawaiian  idol,  in  British  Museum,  p.  47. 

64  Marquesan  club,  in  the  British  Museum, 

pi.  xvi,  p.  49. 

65  Mangaian  gong,  in  the  British  Museum, 

pi.  xvi,  p.  49- 

66  Tongan  basket,  in  the  British  Museum, 

pi.  xvi,  p.  49. 

67  Tongan  bone  apron,   in  the  British  Mu- 

seum, pi.  xvii,  p.  50. 

68  Nine  spear,  in  the  Bishop  Museum,  pi. 

xvii,  p.  50. 

69  Banks   Islands   kite,  in  the  British   Mu- 

seum, p.  49. 
Lotus  club,  Fiji,  in  the  British  Museum, 
pi.  xviii,  p.  51. 

70  Lotus  clubs  from  Fiji,  at  Oxford,  p.  52. 
Hawaiian  image,  at  Salem,  pi.  xix,  p.  54. 

71  Hawaiian  idols,  at  Salt  Lake  City,  p.  62. 


PAPER  NO.  3. 

Objects  in  the  Bishop  Museum. 


Sacred  tree  drum,  New  Hebrides,  p.  15. 
Tree  fern  idols,  New  Hebrides,  p.  16. 
Funeral  images,  New  Hebrides,  p.  17. 
Hairpin  and  band,  Caroline  Islands,  p.  iS. 
Shell  adzes,  Gilbert  Islands,  p.  19. 
Stone  dish,  Hawaiian  Islands,  p.  20. 


Wound  twine,  Micronesia,  p.  22. 
Wound  twine.  United  States,  p.  23. 
Board    for    mat   sail  weaving,   Marshall 

Islands,  facing  p.  26. 
Ray-skin  rasps,  Gilbert   Islands,   facing 

p.  32. 

PAPER  NO.  3. 


Eggs  of  Excalfactoria  sinensis  and  Aplo- 

nis  kittlitzi,  p.  38. 
Nest  and  egg  of  Ptilinopus  roseicapillus, 

p.  40. 
Nest  of  Rhipidura  uranice,  p.  50. 


4  Nest  and  eggs  of  Myiagra  freycineti,  p.  52. 

5  Nest  of  Myzomela  rubrata,  p.  56. 

6  Nest  and  eggs  of  Zosterops  conspicillata, 

P-59- 

7  Nest  of  Chlorodrepanis  parva,  p.  135. 


PAPER   NO.  4. 


F^pinephelus  quernus,  p.  2. 
Novaculichthys  tattoo,  p.  4. 
Serranus  brighami,  p.  6. 
Balistes  fuscolincatus,  p.  S. 

PAPER 

Physeter  macrocephalus,  skeleton,  lower 
jaw  partly  covered,  facing  p.  3. 

Physeter  macrocephalus,  showing  pa- 
pier mach6  skin,  facing  p.  3. 

Physeter  macrocephalus,  face  view,  fac- 
ing p.  3- 

Mesoplodon  grayi,  length  view  of  skele- 
ton, lacing  p.  4. 

Mesoplodon  grayi,  skull,  side  view,  fac- 
ing p.  4. 


5  Scorptenopsis  cacopsis,  p.  10. 

6  Monocanthus  albopunctatus,  p.  12. 

7  Thalassoma  berendti,  p.  14. 

NO.  5. 

6  Mesoplodon  grayi,  skull,  view  from  be- 

low, facing  p.  4. 

7  Mesoplodon     graj'i,     skull,     view    from 

above,  facing  p.  4. 

8  Mesoplodon     grayi,     ear    bones,    facing 

p.  4. 

9  Group    of    tropic    birds    ( Phaethon   lep- 

turus),  facing  p.  6. 
10    Group  of  Chlorodrepanis  chloris  on  koa 
branch,  p.  7. 


IN  DKX. 

Ro»ia>i  )iii)iiiiali  hulirah-  tlir  )iii»ib(>-  of  /lir  /\tf>rr :    Aiahic.  iiHiiihrr  a/'  llir  />atri>. 


Ababang-,  iii,  102. 

Abudefduf  amboinetisis,  iii,  S). 

antjerius,  iii,  .S3. 

brownriggfii,  iii,  S3. 

dickii,  iii,  S4. 

lacrymatus,  iii,  S3. 

septemfasciatu.s,  iii,  82. 
Academj-  of  Natural  Sciences 
of  Philadelphia,  i,  55;   iii, 

7,  10. 
Accessions,  ii,  52:  iii,  13S;  v,  10. 
Accipiter,  iii,  43,  44. 

nisoides,  iii,  44. 
Acridotheres  tristis,  iii,  133. 
Acrocephalus,  iii,  47,  52. 
luscinia,  iii,  52,  53. 
syrinx,  iii,  52,  53. 
Additions  to  the  Librarj-,  ii,  46; 

iii,  146;  V,  21. 
Adelaide,  i,  4. 
Museum,  i,  4. 
Botanical  Garden,  i,  5. 
Admiralty  Islands,  i,  3,  12,  21, 

27,  30,  33.  39-  42.  62. 
Aga,  iii,  55. 
Agoas,  iii,  66. 
Akeke,  ii,  39. 
Akialoa,  iii,  136. 
Akikihi,  iii,  136. 
Alae,  ii,  37  ;  iii,  131. 

keokeo,  iii,  131. 
Alcedinidse,  iii,  44. 
Amakihi,  ii,  45  ;  iii,  134. 
Amanses    sandwichensis,    iii, 

116. 
Ambras  collection,  i,  10. 
American  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  i,  56,  68 ;   iii,  7,  14. 
Amphiprion  bicinctus,  iii,  S2. 

ephippiuni.  iii,  81. 
Amsterdam,  i,  30. 
Anampses  cseruleopunctatus, 

iii,  85. 
Anas  oustaleti,  iii,  25. 

wyvilliana,  ii,  36;  iii,  130. 
Anatidie,  ii,  36. 
Anchorite   (Hermit)  Islands, 

i,  14,  21,  30. 
Annual  report  for  1899,  ii,  5. 

1900,  iii,  3. 

1901,  V,  3. 
Anous,  iii,  20. 

hawaiiensis,  ii,  35. 
leucocapillus,  iii,  20. 
stolidus,  ii,  34,  35  ;  iii,  20,  21 
Anseres,  ii,  36  ;  iii,  18,  25. 


Anthropological     Institute    of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 
i,  ,S3- 
Ao,  iii,  129. 

Apapane,  ii,  43  ;  iii,  134. 
Apekepeke,  iii,  132. 
AphrizidEe,  ii,  39;  iii,  32,  37. 
Aplonis,  iii,  47,  54. 

kittlitzi,  iii,  54. 
Apogon  auritus,  iii,  76. 
fasciatus.  iii,  75. 
savayensis,  iii,  76. 
Ardeidae,  ii,  36  ;  iii,  26. 
Ardetta,  iii,  26'  27. 

bryani,  iii,  27. 
Arenaria  interpres,  ii,  39;  iii,  37. 
Army  Medical  Museum,  iii,  7, 

10. 
Arning,  Dr.  Ed.,  i,  15,  16,  65. 
Asio  accipitrinus,  iii,  44. 

sandvicensis,  iii,  132. 
Astur,  iii,  43,  44. 
sharpi,  iii,  44. 
Attendance  of  visitors,  ii,  8,  9; 

iii,  6;  v,  9. 
Auckland,  i,  2. 
Auku,  ii,  36. 

kohili,  iii,  131. 
Australia,  Objects  from,  i,  14, 

39,  53.  56,  57,  60,  63. 
Australian  Museum,  i,  2,  3. 
spear  heads  made  from  in- 
sulators, 1,  4*. 
tree  carvings,  i,  3. 
Avifauna  of  Guam,  iii,  17. 
Bagag,  iii,  64. 
Balaos,  iii,  64. 
Balfour,  H.,  i,  52. 
Balistapus   aculeatus,  iii,   115. 

rectangulus,  iii,  116. 
Balistes  fuscolineatus,  iv,  9. 

undulatus,  iii,  115. 
Banks  Island,  i,  49. 

Sir  Joseph,  i,  55. 
Bastian,  Ur.  A.,  i,  14,  17!- 
Belfast,  i,  52. 
Bennett,  Rev.  Geo.,  i,  51. 
Berlin,  i,  14. 
Anthropological    Societj-,   i, 
15- 
Berne,  i,  33. 

Municipal  Museum,  i,  34. 
Bingbing,  iii,  37. 
Bishop  Aquarium,  i,  72. 
Charles  Reed,  i,  iii. 
Mrs.,  i,  iii. 


Bismarck   Archipelago,  i,  12, 
14,  23,  30,  31. 

Bittern,  iii,  27. 

Black-cheeked  noddy,  iii,  20. 

Black-footed  albatross,  iii,  22, 
129. 

Blatscha  models,  i,  5S. 

Blennies,  iii,  126. 

Boatswain  bird,  iii,  23. 

Boaz,  Dr.  Franz,  i,  56. 

Bocadulce,  iii,  67. 

Booby,  iii,  24. 

Booser,  Dr.  P.  A.  A.,  i,  31. 

Boston,  i,  57. 
Public  Library,  iii,  7. 
Society  of  Natural  History, 
i,  58,  68;  iii,  7,  15. 

Brisbane,  i,  4. 

British  Association  for  the  Ad- 
vancement of  Science,   i, 
54 ;  ii.  6. 
Museum,  i,  42,  65,  70. 

Bronx  Park,  iii,  13. 

Brussels,  i,  33. 

Bryan,    Wm.   Alanson,    ii,    10; 
iii,  5,  129;  V,  4. 

Buah,  iii,  79. 

Bubonic  plague,  iii,  6. 

Bubonidse,  ii,  39 ;  iii,  43,  44- 

Biichner,  Dr.  Max,  i,  12. 

Building,  ii,  7. 

Butterfly  fish,  iii,  102. 

Calidris,  iii,  32,  33. 
arenaria,  ii,  37  ;  iii,  33- 

California    Academj'    of    Sci- 
ences, i,  62  ;  iii,  7,  8. 

Cambridge,  Eng.,  i,  50. 
Mass.,  i,  58. 
Archseological    Museum,   i, 

5°- 
Cannibals,  i,  64. 
Canterbury  Museum,  i,  2. 
Caranx  ascensionis,  iii,  73. 

sexfasciatus,  iii,  74. 
Card  catalogue,  ii,  3. 
Caroline  Islands,  i,  29,  39,  49; 

ii.  20. 
Carpodacus     mexicanus     ob- 

scurus,  iii,  133. 
Carter,  Henry  C,  v,  8. 
Casts  from  life,  i,  66. 
Ceratodus,  i,  3. 
Chaetodon  citrinellus,  iii,  98. 

coUaris,  iii,  99. 

ephippiuni,  iii,  97. 

fulcula,  iii,  loi. 


IV 


Index 


Chaetodon  lunula,  Hi,  loo. 

ornatissinius,  iii,  loo. 

setifer,  iii,  gS. 

strigangulu.s,  iii,  loi. 

trifasciatus,  iii,  102. 
Chalak,  iii,  6g. 
Chamacocos  del  Chico,  i,  6. 
Charadriidae,  ii,  38 ;  iii,  32,  35. 
Charadrius   fulvus,  ii,  38 ;   iii, 
35.  36.  132- 

mongolicus,  iii,  35,  36. 

squatarola,  iii,  35. 
Chasiempis  gayi,  ii,  33,  40. 

sclateri,  iii.  132. 
Chatham  Islands,  ii,  19. 
Cheesenian,  Thos.  F..  i.  2. 
Cheilinus  fasciatus,  iii,  86. 

nigropinnatus,  iii,  86. 

trilobatus,  iii,  85. 
Cheilio  inerniis,  iii,  94. 
Chevy  Chase,  iii,  10. 
Chicago,  i,  61  ;  iii,  16. 
Chigunguan,  iii,  50. 
Chinese  sparrow,  iii,  133. 
Chirita,  iii,  4S. 

Chlorodrepanis  chloris,  ii,  33, 
45- 

parva,  iii,  134. 

stejnegeri,  iii,  134. 
Cholog,  iii,  68. 
Christchurch,  i,  2. 
Chuchuku,  iii,  29. 
Chung,  iii,  21. 
Cirencester,  i,  52. 
Cleptornis,  iii,  47,  60. 

niarchi,  iii,  60. 
Coccyges,  iii,  19,  44. 
Codrington,  Rev.  W.H.,  i,49,  65. 
Collocalia  fuciphaga,  iii,  46. 
Colombo,  i,  5. 
Columbte,  iii,  18,  39. 
Columbia,  1,  57. 

University  Library,  iii,  7. 
Columbian  Kxhibition,  i,  61. 
Cook,  Capt.  James,  i,  3. 

relics,  i,  3,  7,  42. 
Cook's     Voyages,     drawings, 

i,  49- 
Copenhagen,  i,  24. 
Corals,  ii,  66. 
Coral  fishes,  iii,  97. 
Coris  aygula,  iii,  87. 

pulcherrima,  iii,  87 
Corvus  iii,  47,  55. 

kubaryi,  iii,  55. 
Coot,  iii,  131. 
Cotinga    cincta    or    coerulea, 

i,  10. 
Ctenochtetus  strigosus,  iii,  109. 
Culin,  Stewart,  iii,  11. 


Cura5oa,  Voyage  of,  i,  48. 

Cypselidfe,  iii,  46. 

Dafila  acuta,  ii,  36. 

Dall,  Dr.  W.  H.,  ii,  10;  iii,  9. 

Report  of,  ii,  10. 
Dalton,  O.  M.,  i,  49. 
DangUim,  iii,  iiS. 
Darnley  Island,  i,  23!. 
Darwin,  i,  55. 
Deed  of  trust,  ii,  5. 
Demiegrelta,  iii,  26,  29. 

sacra,  iii,  29. 
Deverill,  W.  E.  H.,  iii,  5. 
Dinornis,  i,  2,  11. 

maximus,  i,  57. 
Diodon  hystrix,  iii,  120. 
Diomedea  chinensis,  ii,  34. 

nigripes,  iii,  22,  129. 
Dioniedeidse,  iii,  22. 
Director's  report,  189S,  i,  i. 

annual   reports,  ii,  i  ;   iii,  i; 
v,  I. 
Dohrn,  Dr.  Anton,  i,  5. 
Dorsey,  G.  A.,  i,  61. 
Drepanidse,  ii,  33,  45. 
Dublin,  i,  52. 
Dululi,  iii,  36. 
Dupetor  flavicoUis,  iii,  26. 
Easter  Island  (Rapaniii),  i,  9, 

19,  26,  28,  38,  47,  51  ;  iii,  9. 
Echidna  uniformis,  iii,  62. 
Edge-Partington,  J.,  i,  42,  53. 
Egigi,  iii,  55- 
Egniont  Island,  i,  47. 
Egyptian  Museum,  i,  31. 
Eleotris  fusca,  iii.  124. 

miniatus,  iii,  125. 
Elepaio,  ii,  40. 
Ellis,  Rev.  Wm.,  i,  42. 
Eltham,  i,  53. 
Epinephelus  dtemelii,  iii,  76. 

hexagonatus,  iii,  77. 

quernus,  iv,  3. 
Etheridge,  Robert,  Jr.,  i,  2. 
Ethnological    department,  ii, 

14,  52  ;  iii,  143  ;  v,  10. 
European  coot,  iii,  32. 
Ewaewa,  ii,  34. 

Excalfactoria  sinensis,  iii,  37. 
Exchanges,  i,  67;   ii,  14;  v,  29. 
Exhibition  Building  fire.  Syd- 
ney, i,  4. 
Exploration,  ii,  23. 
Fahan,  iii,  21. 
Fairmount  Park,  iii,  7,  11. 
Falconidse,  iii,  43. 
Feather      productions      from 

Mexico,  i,  6,  10. 
Feather    work    from    Brazil, 
i,  10. 


von Fellenberg,  Dr.  Ed.,  i,  37. 
Field     Columbian     Museum, 

i,  61  ;  iii,  7,  16. 
Field   notes   on    the    birds   of 

Oahu,  ii,  33. 
Fiji,  1,    I,  6,  13,  20,  26,  28,  31,  33, 
36,  38,  40,  42,  48,  50,  53,  56, 
60,  61,  63. 
Fijian  clubs,  i,  13*. 
File  fishes,  iii,  116. 
Fishes  of  Guam,  iii,  61. 
Fistiilaria  depressa,  iii,  64. 
Florence,  i,  6. 
F'lorida,  i,  48. 
Flounders,  iii,  128. 
Flower,  Sir  Wni.  H.,  i,  53;  v,  3. 
Fly  catchers,  ii,  40. 
Fomho,  iii,  84. 
Franz  Ferdinand,  Museum  of 

Archduke,  i,  11. 
P'ree  Museum  of  Science  and 

Art,  iii,  7,  11. 
Fregata  aquila,  ii,  34;  iii,  24. 

ariel,  iii,  25. 
Fregatidse,  iii,  23,  24. 
Freiburg  Museum,  i,  13. 
Frigate  bird,  iii,  24. 
Fulica,  iii,  29,  32. 
alai,  iii,  131. 
atra,  iii,  32. 
Fuligula  fuligula,  iii.  26. 
Gadu,  iii,  85. 
Gadua,  iii,  76. 
Gadudog,  iii,  81. 
Ga-kaliso,  iii,  53. 
GallinEE,  iii,  18,  37. 
Gallinago,  iii,  32,  33. 

megala,  iii,  ZZ- 
GalUnula,  iii,  29,  31. 
chloropus,  iii,  31. 
sandvicensis,  ii,  37  ;  iii,  131. 
Gallus,  iii,  37,  38. 
bankiva,  iii,  38. 
Ganibier  Islands,  i,  38,  48.  60. 
Gannet,  iii,  24. 
Garres  argyeus,  iii,  80. 
Garrett,  Andrew,  ii,  10. 

collection,  iii  8. 
Garfishes,  iii,  64. 
Gay,  P'rancis,  iii,  129. 
GiglioH,  Dr.  E-  H.,  i,  6. 
Gilbert  Islands,  i,  13,  29,  42,  49, 

60 ;  ii,  20. 
Gill,  Rev.,  i,  65. 
Gobies,  iii,  124. 
Gobius  deltoides,  iii,  125. 
Godeffroy  Museum,  i,  27. 
Godwit,  iii,  132. 

Golden   plover,   ii,  38;    iii,  36, 
132. 


Index, 


V 


Goinphosus  pacificiis,  iii,  94. 

pectoralis,  iii,  9,^. 

tricolor,  iii,  9,^ 
Goode,  Dr.  J.  lirown.  i,  55. 
Grass  house,  iii,  5  ;  v,  4. 
Greene,  J.  J.,  iii,  s. 
Guam,  iii,  ,v 

avifauna,  iii,  17. 

fishes,  iii,  61. 
Gygis,  iii,  20,  21. 

allja  kittlitzi,  iii,  21. 
Haakoae,  ii,  36. 
Hagen,  i,  27, 
Halcyon  albicilla,  iii,  44,  45. 

ciiinauiomius,  iii,  44,  45. 
Hale  pili,  iii,  5  ;  v,  4. 
Halichoeres  hortulanus.iii.SS. 

leparensis,  iii,  89. 

nebulosus,  iii,  88, 

nigropunctatus,  iii,  89. 

opercularis,  iii,  89. 
Hamoktau,  iii,  no. 
Hamburg,  i,  27. 
Hamy,  M.,  i,  37. 
Harpe  axillaris,  iii,  85. 
Hawaiian  Feather  Work.ii,  14. 

Hall,  iii,  3. 

Islands,  objects  from,  i,  6,  7, 
12,  16,  24,  28,  30,  32,  34,  37, 
39,  41,  42,  50,  52,  53,  55,  56, 
57,  58,  60,  61,  63. 

tern,  ii,  35. 

Vestibule,  iii,  3. 
Heger,  Custos,  i,  10,  11. 

Dr.  Franz,  i,  6. 
Heilpron,  Prof.,  i,  55. 
Heniignathus     procerus,     iii, 

136. 
Hemirhauiphus  limbatus,  iii, 

64. 
Hendrick,    Capt.  John,  i,  57*. 
Heniochus    chrysostoma,    iii. 

102. 
Henshaw,  H.  W.,  ii,  8. 
Hermit  Islands,  i,  14,  21,  30. 
Herodiones,  ii,  36 ;   iii,  18,  26. 
Herons,  ii,  36;  iii,  26. 
Hervey  Islands,   i,    10,   13,  20, 
25,  28,  31,  33,  47,  51,  59,  61, 
62,  63. 
Heteractitis  iii,  33,  35. 

brevipes,  iii,  35. 

incanus,  ii,  37;  iii,  132. 
Higum,  iii,  S5. 
Hijug,  iii,  loS. 
Hilprecht,  Dr.,  iii,  11. 
Himantopus  knudseni,  iii,  131. 
Himatione    sanguinea,    ii,   33, 

43  :  iii,  134. 
Hitchcock,  D.  H.,  ii,  8. 


von  Hochstetter,   Baron,   i.    10. 
Holmes,  W,  II.,  i,  61, 
Holocanthus  bishopi,  iii,  106. 

cyanotus,  iii,  103. 

imperator,  iii,  104. 

marianas,  iii,  104. 

nicobariensis,  iii,  105. 
Holocentrus  binotatum,  iii,  6S. 

diadema,  iii,  68. 

fuscostriatus,  iii,  69. 

microstoma,  iii,  70. 

operculare,  iii,  68, 

unipunctatiim,  iii,  69. 
Holtze,  Matirice,  i,  5. 
Hornaday,  W.  T.,  iii,  13. 
von  Hiigel,  Baron,  i,  2,  50. 
Hunakai,  ii,  37. 
Hutchinson,  Allen,  ii,  8. 
Hyde,  Rev.  C.  M.,  ii,  7,  21  ;  iii, 

155- 
Hydrochelidon  leucoptera, iii, 

20. 
Hj'poteenidia,  iii,  29,  30. 

oustini,  iii,  30. 
liwi,  ii,  42  ;  iii,  133. 
Index   to  the   Islands   of   the 

Pacific,  iii,  5. 
Information,  ii,  21. 
Installation,  i,  67. 
Jajaguag,  iii,  46. 
Jardin  des  Plantes,  i,  37,  39. 
Jordan,  Dr.  D.  S.,  iii,  S. 
Julis  anertensis,  iii,  90. 

punctatus,  iii,  91. 

purpurea,  iii,  91. 
Jungle  fowl,  iii,  38. 
K.    K.    Naturhistorische    Hof- 

museum  in  Wien,  i,  7. 
Kaiser  Wilhelm  Land,  i,  23. 
Kakak,  iii,  27. 
Kakaka,  iii,  78. 
Kalakaua,  King,  i,  i6t. 
Kalaniopuu,  i,  ///,  3. 
Kamau,  iii,  137. 
Kamehameha  Schools,  i,  iv. 

the  Great,  i,  iii. 
Kapas   from   Bolivia   and  the 

Rio  Napo,  i,  6. 
Kauai,  iii,  4,  129. 
Kew  Garden  Museums,  i.  41. 
Key  to  the   Hawaiian    Birds, 

iii,  5- 
Kilauea,  ii,  24. 
Koae,  iii,  130. 
Koko,  iii,  30. 
Kolea,  ii,  38;  iii,  132. 
Koloa  maoli,  iii,  130. 
Konigliche    Kthnographische 
Museum,   Munchen,  i,  12. 
Knudsen,  August,  iii,  129. 


Knudsen,  Kric,  iii,  5. 
Kuhlia  rupestris,  iii,  75. 
Kukuluaeo,  iii,  131. 
Kusaie,  i,  21 . 
Ivabelling,  i,  6S. 
Lactojihrys  nasus,  iii,  117. 
Ladrone  duck,  iii,  25, 

Islands,  iii,  17. 
La  Foga,  i,  20. 

La  Fresnaye  collection,  i,  58. 
Lansi,  iii,  73. 
Laridas,  ii,  34  ;  iii,  20. 
Larus  barrovianus,  iii,  129. 

vegte,  iii,  20. 
Leiden,  i,  31. 

I^eiognathus  obscura,  iii,  74. 
Lesiog,  iii,  69. 
Letter  to   the   Trustees,  ii,  3; 

iii,  2  ;  v,  2. 
Leverian  Museum,  i,  43. 
Library,   Additions   to,    ii,   46; 

iii,  146  ;  V,  21. 
Limicolse,  ii,  37  ;  iii,  iS. 
Limosa,  iii,  33,  34. 

lapponica  baueri,  iii,  34,  132. 
List  of  accessions,   ii,  52;  iii, 

138  ;  V,  10. 
Lizard-fishes,  iii,  63. 
London,  i,  40,  53. 

Missionary  Society,  i,  42. 
I,ongipennes,  ii,  34 ;   iii,  iS,  20. 
Loro,  iii,  93. 

Loxops  cseruleirostris,  iii,  136. 
Luau,  iii,  24. 
Luders,  C.  W.,  i,  27. 
vonLuschan,  Dr.  Felix,  i,  14, 

64,  66. 
Lutianus  bengalensis,  iii  7S. 

bonhamensis,  iii,  79. 

erythropterus,  iii,  78. 

falvus,  iii,  78. 

mouostigma,  iii,  79. 
Maching,  iii,  126. 
Macrochires,  iii,  19,  46. 
Mafuti,  iii,  79. 

Magenta,  Voyage  of  the,  i,  5. 
Malekula,  ii,  14. 
Mallicolo,  i,  63. 
Mangaia,  i,  13,  20,  25,  28,  40. 
Manihiki,  i,  20,  28,  48. 
Mann,  Horace,  i,  58. 
Mantegazza,  Dr.  1  aolo,  i,  6. 
Maori  house,  i,  2. 

war  canoe,  i,  2. 
Marianas,  iii,  17. 
Marine  Zoological  Station,  i.  5, 

70 ;  ii,  7. 
Marquesas  Islands,  i,  9,  13,  20, 
25,  28,  31,  33,  38,  40,  42.  47, 
.5i>53.  59.  61,  62,  63. 


VI 


Index. 


Marshall  Islands,  i,  13,  29;  ii, 

21,  26. 
Mason,  Prof.  Otis  T.,  i.  55. 
Mat  sails  of  the  Pacific,  ii   25. 
Matty  Island,  i,  12. 
Max,  Gabriel,  i,  12. 
Medicine,  i,  65. 

Meg'alops  cyprinoides,  iii,  63. 
Megapodius,  iii,  37,  39. 

laperousi.  iii,  39. 
Melbourne,  i,  4. 
Meliphagidse,  iii,  47. 
Methods  of  fishing  in  Guam, 

iii,  61. 
Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art, 

New  York,  iii,  7. 
Mexican  feather  productions, 

i,  6,  10. 
Meyer,  Dr.  A.  B.,  i,  13. 
Meyrick  collection,  i,  43. 
Micronesia  i,  6,   13,  21,  24,  49, 

60,  62. 
Mina,  iii,  133. 
Missouri     Botanical     Garden, 

iii,  7,  S. 
Mojarras,  iii,  80. 
Monocanthus    albopunctatus, 

iv,  13. 
Monoceros  annulatus,  iii,  113. 
garretti,  iii,  112. 
lituratus,  iii,  113. 
marginatus,  iii,  114. 
Moray s,  iii,  62. 
Moriori  implements,  ii,  54. 
Mormon  Museum,  i,  61. 
Morning  Star,  ii,  19. 
Morse,  Prof.  B.  S.,  i,  60. 
Mud  hen,  ii,  37. 
Mugil  axillaris,  iii,  66. 
planiceps,  iii,  66. 
waigiensis,  iii,  65. 
Mulloides  flavolineatus,  iii,  71. 

samoensis,  iii,  71. 
Munia  nisoria,  iii.  133. 
Munich,  i,  12. 
Municipal  Museum,  Brussels, 

i,  33- 
Muraena  nigra,  iii,  62. 

tile,  iii,  62. 
Muscicapidje,  ii,  33  :  iii.  47. 
Musee  d'Artillerie,  Paris,  i,  39. 
de  Botanique,  Paris,  i,  39. 
de  Marine,  Paris,  i,  37. 
Museo  Kircheriano,  Rome,  1,5. 
Nazionale  di  Antropologia  e 

di  IJtnologia,  Florence,  i,  6. 
Museum   of   Comparative   Zo- 
ology, i,  58,  70;  iii,  7,  16. 
of   Fine   Arts,    Boston,  i,  57; 

iii,  7. 


Museum     fiir     Volkerkunde, 

Berlin,  i,  14. 

Myiagra,  iii,  47,  50. 

freycineti,  iii,  .so. 

Myripristis  murdjan,  iii,  67. 

Myzomela  iii,  47,  35. 

rubrata,  iii,  55. 
Naples,  i,  5. 
National  Zoological  Gardens, 

iii,  7,  10 
Nationalmuseet    den     Ethno- 

graphiscke  Samling  Kjo- 

benhavn.  i,  23. 
Natural      Historj-      Museum. 

South  Kensington,  i,  53,  54. 
Nawodo,  i,  13,  42. 
Necker  Island,  i,  43. 
New  Britain,  i,   14,   23,  27,  30, 

49,  60. 
New  Caledonia,  i,  11,  13,  18,  26, 

29.  33-  36,  38.  39.  40.  49.  31. 

59.  61. 
New  Guinea,  i,  3,  6,  10,  11,  12, 

14,  23,  30,  31,  42,  51,  53,  56, 

61,  63. 
New  Hanover,  i,  23. 
New  Hawaiian  Fishes,  iv,  i. 
New  Hebrides,  i,  22,  27,  30,  38, 

49,  63  ;  ii,  14. 
New  Ireland,  i,  3,  14,  23,  27,  31, 

33,  49- 
Newton,  Prof.  Alfred,  i,  54. 
New  York,  i,  56. 

Aquarium,  iii,  7,  12. 

Botanical  Museum,  iii,  7,  14. 

Zoological  Garden,  iii,  7,  13 

New  Zealand,  i,  2,  9,  12,  13,  18, 

26,  30,  32,  36,  38,  39,  41,  44, 

51, 53,  56, 57.  59- 61, 63;  iii,  10. 

flax,  ii,  25,  26. 
Ngang,  iii,  25. 
Niue,  i,  28,  42,  46,  60. 
Noddy,  ii,  34,  35;  iii,  21. 
Nolo,  ii,  35. 
Normal  School,  ii,  9. 
Nossac,  iii,  58. 

Notes   on  Birds  of  Kauai,  iii, 
129. 

on  Birds  of  Oahu,  ii,  33. 
Novaculichthys  tattoo,  iv,  5. 
Nukulaelae,  i,  49. 
Numenius  iii,  33,  34. 

cyanopus,  iii,  34,  35. 

phaeopus  variegatus,  iii,  34. 
Nycticorax  giisius,  ii,  56. 

nycticorax  njevius,  iii,  131. 
Oceanodroma  castro,  iii,  130. 
Oeoe,  iii,  130. 

Ophichthus  colubrinus,  iii,  62. 
Oreoniyza  bairdi,  iii,  136. 


Oreomyza  maculata,  ii,  33. 

Oriental  whimbrel,  iii,  34. 

Osborn,  Prof.  Hy.  F.,  i,  57. 

Ostracion  cornutus,  iii,  nS. 
cubicus,  iii,  118. 
punctatus,  iii,  118. 

Ou,  iii,  137. 
holowai,  iii,  136. 

Owl,  ii,  39;  iii,  44,  132 

Oxford,  i,  52. 

Oxymonacanthus  longirostris, 
iii,  117. 

Pacific  godwit,  iii,  34. 

PaUeozoic  corals,  ii,  21. 

Pallas'  gull,  iii,  20. 

Paloman,  iii,  116. 

PaludicoUe,  ii,  37;  iii,  18,  29. 

Paracirrhites  arcatus,  iii,  79. 

Paris,  i,  37. 

Parkinson,  Sydney,  i,  7. 

Parrot  fishes,  iii,  95. 

Passeres,  ii,  33  ;  iii,  19,  47- 

Pauahi,  Princess,  i,  iii. 

Paumotu    archipelago,    i,    10, 
20,  48. 

Peabody     Academy     of     Sci- 
ences, Salem,  i,  60. 
Museum  of   American  Eth- 
nology   and    Archaeology, 
i,  58;  ii,  20;  iii,  7,  15. 

Peale,  Rembrandt,  i,  55. 

Pempheris  otaitensis,  iii,  74. 

Percis    cephalopunctatvis,  iii, 
124. 

Periophthalmus     koelreuteri, 
iii,  126. 

Peristeridte,  iii,  39. 

Perkins,  R.  C.  L.,  i,  .S4,  69  ;  ii,  6. 

Petrels,  iii,  22. 

Phseornis  myadestina,  iii,  137. 
palmeri,  iii,  137. 

Phaethon  candidus,  iii,  23. 
lepturus,  ii,  36;  iii,  130. 

Phasianidte,  iii,  37. 

Phasianus   torquatus,   iii,    132. 

Philadelphia,  i,  55. 
Commercial    Museums,    iii, 
7,  II. 

Phlogcenas,  iii,  39,  42. 
xanthonura,  iii,  42. 

Photography,  i,  66. 

Picture  Gallery,  ii,  8. 

Pilsbrj',  Dr.,  i,  55;  ii,  13;  iii,  10. 

Pintail,  ii,  36. 

Pipupu,  iii,  124. 

Pitt-Rivers  collections,  i,  52. 

Platophrys  pavo,  iii,  128. 

Platycephalus   punctatus,   iii, 
123. 

Plover,  ii,  38;  iii,  36,  132. 


Index 


roint  Rarrow  gull,  iii,  129. 
Polioliinmas,  iii,  29,  30. 

cinereus,  iii,  ,;o. 
I'olonian  liahini-taTK).  iii.  43. 

kanau,  iii.  42. 
rolydactylu.s  sexfilis,  iii.  67, 
Polynesian  Hall.  ii.  7. 
Poniacentru.-i  bankantii.sis,  iii. 
Si. 

litoralis,  iii.  Si. 

punctatus,  iii.  So. 

triniaculatus,  iii,  80. 
Porcupine  fish,  iii,  120. 
ProcellariidEe,  iii,  22. 
Pseudoscarus  bataviensis,  iii, 
96. 

platodoni,  iii,  96. 

sumbawensis,  iii,  97. 
Psittacirostra  psittacea.iii,  137 
Pterois  zebra,  iii,  122. 
Ptilinopus  roseicapillus.iii,  39. 
Publications,  ii,  14 ;  iii,  5  ;  v,  6. 
Pueo,  ii.  39 ;  iii,  132. 
Puffers,  iii,  iiS. 
Puffinus  newelli,  iii,  129. 

obscurus,  iii,  22,  23. 

tenebrosus,  iii,  22,  23. 
Pulatel,  iii,  31. 
Putnam,  Prof.  F.  W.,  i,  58. 
RallidK.  ii,  37;  iii,  29. 
Rapanui.  i.  g,  19,  26,  28,  38,  47, 

51  ;  iii,  9. 
Raptores,  ii,  39 ;  iii,  18,  43. 
Rarotonga,  i,  36. 
Rathbun,  Dr.,  i,  56. 
Ray-skin  rasps,  ii,  32. 
Read,  C.  H.,  i,  50. 
Real  Museo  di  Fisica  e  Storia 

Naturale,  i,  6. 
Red-billed  tropic  bird,  ii,  36. 
Reef  heron,  iii,  29. 
Reiny,  Jules,  i,  39. 
Report  of  Dr.  W.  H.  Dall,  ii,  10. 

of  Director's  journey,  i,  i. 

on  library,  v,  6. 

of  J.  F.  G.  Stokes'  vi.sit,  iii,  7. 

for  1899,  ii,  5. 

for  1900,  iii,  3. 

for  1901,  V,  3. 
Rhipidura,  iii,  47,  48. 

saipanensis,  iii,  48. 

uranise,  iii,  48. 
Rice  bird,  iii,  133. 
Rijks    Ethnographische    Mu- 
seum, Leiden,  i,  32. 
Ring-necked  pheasant,  iii,  132. 
Roblej-,  Gen.,  i,  53. 
Rock  fish,  iii,  120. 
Rome,  i,  ,s. 


Royal   College   of   Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  i,  53. 

Society  of  London,  i,  54  ;  ii,  6. 

United     Service     Museum, 
i.  41- 
Rubiaiia,  i,  49. 
Safford,    Lieut. -Governor   W. 

E.,  iii,  17. 
Saffron  Walden,  i,  51. 
Sagamolang,  iii,  67. 
Saganas   hexagonata,  iii,   iii. 

mamorata,  iii,  iii. 

rostrata,  iii,  iii. 
Salarias  uigripes.  iii,  127. 

nitidus,  iii.  127. 

periophthalmus,  iii,  126. 
Sali,  iii,  54. 
Salmoneti,  iii,  71,  72. 
Salt  Lake  City,  i.  61. 
Samoa,  i,  19,  25,  2S,  32,  36,  46, 

51.  56-  61. 
San  Cristobal,  i,  48. 
Sanderling,  ii,  37  ;  iii,  33. 
Sandwich  Lslands  —  misuse  of 

name,  i,  53. 
San  Francisco,  i,  62  ;  iii,  8. 
Santo,  i,  22. 
Sapisapi,  iii,  74. 
Savage  Island,  i,  28. 
Scarus  celebricus,  iii,  95. 

cypho,  iii,  95. 
Schmeltz,  Dr.  J.  D.  E.,  i,  32. 
.Schomburgh,  Dr.,  i.  ,s. 
Scolopacidte,  ii.  37;  iii,  32. 
Scolopsis  lineatus,  iii,  65. 
Scorpjena  bakeri,  iii,  120. 
Scorpsenopsis  cacopsis,  iv,  11. 

guamensis,  iii.  121. 
Sea  butterfly,  iii,  101. 
Scale,  Alvin,  ii,   10,  33  :  iii,  3, 

17,  129;  iv,  I  ;  V,  6. 
Sea  poachers,  iii,  124. 
Seemann,  Dr.  Berthold,  i,  41. 
Seliig,  iii,  45. 

Serranus  brighami,  iv.  7. 
•Sharp,  Dr.,  i,  55. 
Sharp-tailed  sandpiper,  iii,  33. 
.Shearwater,  iii,  23. 
Shell  money,  making  of,  i,  12. 
Sihig,  iii,  65. 
Smith,  Mr.,  South  Keusin,gton 

Museum,  i,  53. 
Smithsonian  Institution,  iii, 7,  S. 
Snake  eels,  iii,  62. 
Snipe,  iii,  2,?}- 
Society  Islands,  i,  6,  9,  20,  2,s, 

35,38,42,46,  51,55. 
Solomon  Islands,  i,  12,  22,  27, 
30>  33.  36,  39.  40.  42.  4S,  51. 
53,  60,  62,  63. 


Sooty  tern,  ii,  ,,4. 

South    Kensington    Industrial 

Museum,  i,  41. 
Sperm  whale,  v,  3. 
Sphynena  obtusata,  iii.  (ir,. 
Sciuirrel  fishes,  Iii.  67. 
Stanford  University  Museum. 

iii,  8. 
St.  Augustine's  College,  Can- 

terburj',  i,  52. 
Steganopodes,  ii,  36;  iii,  18,  23. 
Sterna  fuligino.sa,  ii,  34. 
Stethojulis  fulvovenlris,  iii,  92. 

renardi,  iii,  92. 
Stilt,  iii,  131. 
Stirling,  Dr.  E-  C,  i,  4. 
St.  Louis,  iii,  8. 
Stokes,  J.  F.  G.,  ii,  9,  23,  25  ;  iii, 

4. 5. 7  ;  V,  5-- 
Sturnidse,  iii,  47. 
Sula  piscator,  iii,  23,  24. 

sula,  iii,  23,  24. 
Suva,  i,  I. 

Swanzy.  F.  M.,  v,  4. 
Sydney,  i,  2. 
Sykes,  ii,  13. 

Synanceia  thersites,  iii,  121. 
Synodus  variegatus,  iii,  63. 
Table  of  attendance,  ii,  9;  iii, 

6;  V,  10. 
Tahiti,  i,  3.  6,  3S. 
Tahitian   gorget  of    feathers, 

i.  3- 
Taloga,  iii,  114. 
Tampat,  iii,  128. 
Tarakita,  iii,  73. 
Tarpons,  iii,  63. 
Tasmania,  i,  53. 
Tatalum,  iii,  85, 
Tatanung,  iii,  87. 
Tatuing.  i.  64. 
Tetradrachiiium  aruauum.  iii. 

S4. 
Tetrodon  immaculatus,  iii,  119. 

papua,  iii,  118. 

reticularis,  iii,  119. 

stellatus.  iii,  119. 
Teuthis  aliala,  iii,  109. 

lineatus.  iii,  loS. 

mata.  iii,  107. 

olivaceus,  iii,  107. 

triostegus,  iii,  108. 
Thalassoma  berendti,  iv,  15. 
Thompson,  John  W.,  v,  5. 
Thurston,  Sir  John,  i,  i. 
Timeliidte,  iii,  47. 
Tonga,  i,  3,  6,  9,  20,  27,  28,  33, 

35,  38,  41,  47,  51,  55.  59- 
Torres  Straits  Islands,  i,  23, 30. 


Vlll 


Index. 


Totanus,  iii,  33,  34. 

glareola,  iii,  34. 

hypoleucus,  iii,  34. 
Totot,  iii,  39. 
TreionidEe,  iii,  39. 
Trigger  fishes,  iii,  ii.s. 
Tringa  acuminata,  iii,  ^iZ- 
Trocadero,  i,  37,  3S. 
Tropic  bird,  ii,  36;   iii,  23,  130. 
Trumpet  fish,  iii,  64. 
Trunk  fishes,  iii,  117. 
Tubinares,  iii,  iS,  22. 
Turner,  Rev.  G.,  i,  65. 
Turnstone,  ii,  39. 
Turtur,  iii,  39,  43. 

chinensis,  iii,  132. 

dussumieri,  iii,  43. 
Tylor,  Dr.  E.  B.,  i,  53. 
Tylosurus  annulatus,  iii,  64. 
Uau,  iii,  130. 
Ugupa  anirilla,  iii,  103. 
Uhle,  Dr.  M.,  i,  13. 
Ulili,  ii,  37  ;  iii,  132. 
Umlauff,  i,  27. 
U.  S.  Botanical  Gardens,  iii,  7. 

IJxploring  Expedition,  i,  55; 
iii,  9. 


U.  S.  Fish  Commission,  iii,  7, 
10. 
National  Museum,  i,  53  ;  iii, 
7,8. 

Upeneus  multifasciatus,  iii,  71. 
saffordi,  iii,  72. 
trifasciatus,  iii,  72. 

Vancouver  collection,  i,  43,  44. 

Vanikoro,  i,  3S. 

Vestiaria   coccinea,   ii,   33,  42; 
iii,  ^ZZ- 

Vienna,  i,  6. 

Virchow,  Dr.  Hans,  i,  5. 

Volkerkunde   Museum,  i,   27. 

Voy  collection,  i,  62. 

Waber,  i,  33. 

Wahiula,  ii,  23. 

Walcott,  Allen  M.,  ii,  9,  32  ;  iii, 
4 :  V,  5. 

Waldron,  F..  ii,  24. 

Wandering  tattler,  ii,  37 ;   iii, 
35.  132. 

Wansey,  Acland,  ii,  9. 

Ward's   Natural    Science   Es- 
tablishment, iii,  7,  16. 

Ware  collection,  i,  3S. 

Warren  Medical  Museum,  i,  64. 


Washington,  i,  55. 

Weber's  collection,  i,  10. 

Wellington,  i,  2. 

White  tern,  iii,  21. 

White-winged  black  tern,  iii, 
20. 

Wilhelm  II,  Kaiser,  i,  15. 

Wilkes'  Expedition,  i,  55;  iii,  9. 

Willoughby,  C.  C,  ii,  20. 
Frank,  i,  60. 

Wil.son,  Dr.  W.  P.,  iii,  12. 

Worship,  i,  65. 

Yap,  i,  60. 

Zabrasoma  agaiia,  iii,  no. 
guttatus,  iii.  no. 

Zanclus  cancscens,  iii,  102. 

Zoological      Park,      Philadel- 
phia, iii,  7,  II. 
Society  of  London,  iii,  13. 

Zoologische  und  Anthropolo- 
gisch  -  Ethnographische 
Museums  zu  Dresden, 
i,  13. 

Zosterops,  iii,  47,  58. 
conspicillata,  iii,  58. 
semperi,  iii,  58. 


OCCASIONAL  PAPERS 

NOV  9  1888  °'  ™^ 

BERNICE    PAUAHI    BISHOP    MUSEUM 

OF 

POLYNESIAN   ETHNOLOGY  AND 
NATURAL   HISTORY. 


Vol.  I.      —  No. I 


DIRECTOR'S 
REPORT 


HONOLULU: 

HAWAIIAN    ISLANDS. 

1898. 


OCCASIONAL   PAPERS 


OF   THE 


BERNICE    PAUAHl    BISHOP    MUSEUM 


OF 


POLYNESIAN   ETHNOLOGY  AND 
NATURAL   HISTORY. 


Vol.  I.       —  No.  i. 


DIRECTOR'S 
REPORT 


HONOLULU: 

HAWAIIAN     ISLANDS. 

1898. 


PREFACE. 

Ix  THIS  initial  luiinber  of  the  publications  of  the  Bernice 
Pauahi  Bishop  Museum  of  Polynesian  Ethnology  and  Natural  His- 
tory it  seems  proper  to  state  that  the  Trustees  have  decided  to  issue 
such  papers  as  seem  to  them  worthy  of  publication  on  subjedls  ger- 
main  to  the  objedls  and  work  of  this  Museum  in  one  or  the  other  of 
two  series,  one  in  quarto  the  other  in  oclavo  form.  For  the  former  the 
title  of  Memoirs,  for  the  latter  that  of  Occasional  Papers  has  been 
seleclied.  A  small  edition  of  each  will  be  printed  in  the  office  attached 
to  the  Museum,  mainly  for  exchange  with  other  Museums  or  Societies 
issuing  publications  in  similar  lines.  The  date  of  publication  will 
be  irregular,  and  as  papers  are  ready  the}-  will  be  issued:  applica- 
tions for  copies  or  exchanges  should  be  made  to  the  Diredlor. 


The  Princess  Pauahi  was  descended  from  a  long  line  of  Kings 
and  Alii.  She  was  great-granddaughter  both  of  Kalaniopuu,  the 
King  of  Hawaii  at  the  time  of  Cook's  visit,  and  of  Kamehameha 
the  Great  the  remarkable  Hawaiian  who  succeeded  that  King  and 
after  gaining  undisputed  authority  over  his  island  of  Hawaii  car- 
ried his  victorious  arms  to  Maui  and  Oahu,  and  on  the  last  island 
receiving  the  capitulation  of  Kaumualii  the  King  of  Kauai  thus 
completing  the  conquest  and  unification  of  the  entire  Group. 

Pauahi  was  educated  with  the  other  Alii  at  the  Royal  School 
and  early  gave  evidence  of  her  capabilities  and  sterling  chara(5ler. 
At  an  early  age  she  was  married  to  Charles  Reed  Bishop  who  had 
come  to  the  Islands  from  the  State  of  New  York,  and  during  a  long 
and  happy  life  was  regarded  both  by  her  own  people  and  by  all 
foreigners  who  knew  her  the  beloved  Chief  Lady  of  the  land.  Her 
accomplishments  were  many  but  they  yielded  to  the  beauty  of  her 
characfter.  Oc1:ober  i6,  1884,  Mrs.  Bishop  died  leaving  her  entire 
estate  to  found  schools  for  the  youth  of  her  race.     Plve  years  later, 


iv  Preface. 

when  her  bequest  was  adlively  accomplishing  her  desires,  her  hus- 
band founded  this  Museum  in  the  midst  of  the  school  at  Kalihi,  a 
western  suburb  of  Honolulu.  Although  the  founder  of  Kamehameha 
Schools  needed  no  other  monument  than  these  schools  it  was  pecul- 
iarly fitting  that  a  memorial  to  her  should  be  placed  in  their  midst 
to  preser^-e  and  exhibit  to  all  who  care  to  look  relics  of  her  people 
and  the  kindred  races  of  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

This  Museum,  founded  in  1889  and  growing  slowly  for 
several  years,  has  now  attained  an  honorable  position  among  Eth- 
nological Museums,  nor  has  it  wholly  neglecfted  the  other  obje(5l  of 
its  foundation  but  has  done  much  for  the  Entomology  and  Orni- 
thology of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  as  will  be  seen  by  subsequent 
publications. 

Twice  during  its  first  decade  has  it  outgrown  its  buildings, 

twice  have  generous  additions  been  made  to  its  exhibition  and  work 

rooms.     Foundations   have   been   laid   for    a  fine  hall  to  contain 

Hawaiian  exhibits.     Both  Museum    and    Schools  try  to  illustrate 

the  truth  of  the   memorial   inscription  in  the  entrance  hall  of  the 

former: 

''BERNICE  PA  U A  HI  BISHOP: 

A  bright  light  among  her  people,  her  usefulness  S2irvives 
her  mortal  life.'' 


The  Board  of  Trustees  consists  of: 

Sanford  B.  Dole,  L.L.D. President. 

William  O.   Smith     Vice  President. 

Rev.  Charles  M.   Hyde,  D.D.     Secretary. 

Henry  Holmes    Treasurer. 

Samuel  M.  Damon,       Joseph  O.  Carter,        William  F.  Allen. 

The  Museum  Staff  consists  at  present  of: 

William  T.   Brigham,  A.M.,  A.A.S.,  etc. DireHor. 

Acland  Wansey Curator. 

John  J.  Greene    Printer. 

Taxidermist. 

September,  1898. 


LIST   OF   ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Bishop  iNIusevun  from  a  photograph  by  the  Dire(5tor  in  1897        .        .  F'rontispiece^ 

Australian  Museum  from  a  photograph  given  by  Sir  Geo.  Dibbs        .  p.  3. 

Hawaiian  Helmet  from  the  Cook  relics  in  the  Australian  Museum     .  PI.  i,  p.  4. 

Tahitian  Gorget         "        "        "  "  "  "  "  .  PI.  2,  p.  5. 

Vienna  Museum  ... p.  7. 

3-  5.     Hawaiian  feather  Helmets,  Cook  coll.  at  Vienna  ....  PI.  Ill,  p.  8. 

6-  7.     Kukailimoku  and  "Oracle  House"  [Cook]      " PI.  IV,  p.  9. 

S-12.     Hawaiian  implements  PI.  V,  p.  10. 

II.     Leiomano,  Cook  coll.  at  Vienna  p.  8. 

Pan  pipe  p.  9- 

14.  Tahitian  poi-pounders  P-  9- 

15.  New  Caledonian  Disk  club  p.  11. 

16.  "  "  Bent  club p.  11. 

Greenstone  implement p.  11. 

Greenstone  adz p.  11. 

Fijian  Clubs  photographed  by  Acland  Wansey PI.  VII,  p.  14. 

Club  braced  with  cord  P-  i4- 

Berlin  Museum p.  i5- 

Hawaiian  Idol  [Arningl PI. VIII,  p.  15. 

Stone  Idol  photographed  by  Acland  Wansey PI.  IX,  p.  16. 

Stone  image  "  .... Pl  x,  p.  17. 

21.  Finger  bowl P-  i7- 

22.  Wood  carving  tool  P-  I7- 

23.  Hawaiian  stone  lamps  p.  18. 

24.  Easter  Island  Talking-stick P-  i9- 

25.  Awa  bowl P-  19- 

26.  Shell  adz  p.  21. 

27.  Shark  float PI-  VI,  p.  11. 

28.  Wooden  fiddle.  New  Britain P-  23. 

29.  Kapa  board  cleaner p.  24. 

30.  Stamp  pattern p.  25. 

31.  Kapa  pattern  p.  25. 

32.  Car\'ing  tool P-  25. 

33.  Short  handled  adz  from  New  Caledonia p.  26. 

34.  Jade  and  wood  adz     •'         ■•  "  p.  26. 

35.  Cylindrical  gong P-  29. 

36.  Coconut  armor  from  the  Gilbert  Islands P-  29. 

37.  Adz  with  knob p.  3°. 

38.  Hawaiian  fish-hook P-  3i- 


VI 


List  of  IlhLstrations . 


Carved  eye  of  tiki P-  32- 

Hawaiian  dish  at  Leiden PI.  XI,  p.  32. 

Berne  Municipal  Museum P-  34- 

Shark  tooth  weapon P-  35- 

Sunshade,  Tahiti  P-  35- 

Adz,  Tahiti P-  35- 

Tongan  pillow PI. XVII, p  49. 

Tongan  Mats P-  36. 

Stone  beater  p.  36. 

Haw.iiian  helmet  P-  37- 

Coconut  and  wood  hula  drum p.  43. 

Akua  with  helmet PI.  XII,  p.  33 

Akua  mahiole  PI.  XII,  p.  33 

Bowl  on  car\'ed  svipporters PI.  XII,  p.  33 

Bowl  ••         "  "  PI. XIII,  p.46, 

Akua  PI.  XII,  p.  33 

Hawaiian  mirror P-  44. 

Bowl  .supported  by  three  figures PI. XIII,  p. 46 

Two  bowls  connedted  by  a  figure PI. XIII,  p.46 

Human  figure  for  seat  PI. XIII,  p.46 

Bowl  between  two  figures Pi. XIII,  p.46 

Hawaiian  implements  of  shark's  teeth p.  45- 

Ohia  god  PI.  XIV,  p.47 

Sorcery  lamp,  Tahiti PI.  VI,  p.   11 

Hawaiian  fans PI.  XV,  p.  48 

Maori  sacrificial  knives PI.  XV,  p.  48 

Hawaiian  god  P-  47. 

Marquesan  club PI. XVI,  p.49 

Mangaia  gong  PI. XVI,  p.49, 

Tongan  basket PI. XVI,  p.49 

Tongan  bone  apron PI. XVII,  p50 

Nine  spear Pl.XVII,p.5o, 

Club,  Fiji  PI. XVIII  P5I 

Banks  Islands  kite P-  49- 

Lotus  clubs,  at  Oxford P-  52- 

Akua  at  Salem PI. XIX,  p.54. 

71.     Gods  at  Salt  Lake  City p.  62. 

The  pen  and  ink  sketches  are  from  the  Diredtor's  note  book:  the  photographs  of  objetSls 
in  the  British  Museum  are  by  Mr.  Heni->'  Oldland  of  that  museum:  the  objedts  in  the  Vienna 
Museum  and  the  half-tones  prepared  by  Lowy:  the  other  half-tones  and  zincographs  l?y  the 
Sunset  Photo-Engraving  Co.  of  San  Francisco. 


40. 

41. 
42. 
43. 
44. 
45- 
46. 

47- 
48. 

49- 
50. 
SI- 
SI.' 
52. 
S3. 
54. 
55- 
56. 
57- 
S8. 
59. 
60. 
61. 
62. 
63- 
64. 
65- 
66. 
67. 
68. 

69. 

70. 


Report  oj  a  Journey  around  the  world  undertaken  to 
examine  vaiious  EthnoloQical  Co//ee?io?is. 


In  view  of  the  fa(5t  that  many  implements  and  objecfts  of 
ethnological  Interest  have  been  deposited  in  American  and  Euro- 
pean museums  by  early  colledtors  or  their  heirs, — obje(5ts  no  longer 
made  or  used  by  the  natives  of  the  islands  of  the  Pacific  Ocean 
(the  region  recognized  as  the  field  of  operations  of  this  Museum), 
— the  Trustees  of  the  Bernice  Pauahi  Bishop  Museum  decided 
to  authorize  the  Direcftor  to  visit  and  examine  the  principal  Ethno- 
logical museums  of  the  world,  hoping  that  besides  studying  the  rare 
and  now  unattainable  ethnological  obje(5ts  in  those  museums,  he 
might  arrange  exchanges  of  duplicates  or  publications,  obtain  pho- 
tographs of  interesting  specimens,  and  learn  what  might  be  new  or 
of  value  in  the  arrangement  or  management  of  such  institutions, 
and  in  the  preserv^ation  of  their  contents. 

The  Director  left  Honolulu  January  28,  1896,  on  the  Steamer 
'Warrimoo'  for  Sydney,  N.S.W.  Touching  at  Suva,  Fiji,  for  a  few 
hours,  a  glimpse  was  obtained  of  the  very  interesting  Vitians,  and 
their  fine  forms,  dignified  bearing,  and  lack  of  idle  curiosity  were  at 
once  noticeable.  In  the  Government  House  was  an  ornamental 
colledlion  of  implements,  mostly  warlike,  and  it  was  matter  of  deep 
regret  that  the  late  Sir  John  Thurston,  then  Governor  of  the  group, 
was  absent  and  so  his  great  knowledge  unavailable.     There  were 


O.P.— B.P.B.M. 


2  Colonial  Museums. 

several  private  colle<5lions  of  little  scientific  value.  In  Oxford,  later, 
the  colledlion  from  this  group  made  by  Baron  von  Hiigel,  probably 
the  choicest  in  any  museum,  was  examined  with  the  kind  as- 
sistance of  the  accomplished  collector  who  is  now  Curator  of  the 
University  Museum.  Before  leaving  Suva  some  kapas  (white  ma- 
si  and  figured  sulas),  and  a  few  implements  were  purchased  which 
are  now  in  the  Museum. 

The  route  of  the  '  Warrimoo'  was  diredl  from  Suva  to  Sydney, 
leaving  Ncav  Zealand  far  to  the  southward,  but  on  several  previous 
vo^'ages  the  museums  of  that  progressive  Colony  were  visited,  and 
it  may  be  stated  that  the  Canterbury  Museum,  Christchurch  is,  as  a 
general  museum,  one  of  the  most  attra(5live  in  the  Southern  Hemi- 
sphere, and  in  the  remains  of  the  Moa  {DinoTuis)  unquestionably 
the  richest  in  the  world:  in  Maori  remains  it  is  not  remarkable:  it 
publishes  a  Gviide-book.  At  Wellington,  the  Capital  of  New  Zea- 
land, and  the  centre  of  scientific  energ}'  in  that  Colony,  the  museum 
is  smaller,  but  contains  a  fine  carved  Maori  house.  As  a  scientific 
museum  that  at  Auckland,  of  which  Mr  Thomas  F.  Checseman  is 
Dire(5lor,  ranks  high;  and  here  is  the  fine  Maori  war-canoe  more 
than  eight}'  feet  long  and  of  remarkable  model,  besides  many  carv- 
ed prows  and  stern-posts  of  canoes  that  have  perished.  The  Mao- 
ri implements  are  well  represented  but  a  depraved  taste  has  led  to 
the  mutilation  of  the  native  carved  figures,  hence  ethnologically  all 
such  specimens  are  bad  for  they  lead  to  a  false  estimate  of  indige- 
nous art.  The  blame  for  this  silly  proceeding  may  or  may  not  rest 
with  the  Government,  certainly  not  with  the  accomplished  Curator. 
On  the  other  hand  it  should  be  said  that  all  the  Colonial  Govern- 
ments have  fostered  museums  of  which  Australia  and  New  Zea- 
land may  well  be  proud,  for  as  educators  of  the  people,  these  mu- 
seums, although  so  recent,  are  close  followers  of  Vienna,  Berlin, 
Hamburg,  London,  Washington,  New  York  and  Boston. 

At  Sydney  the  Australian  Museum  in  charge  of  Mr  Robert 
Etheridge,  Jr.,  had  been  rearranged  and  greatly  improved  since  a 
visit  two  years  before.     In  the  Department  of  Natural  History  is  a 


Colon ial  J//fS(W/ )n s . 


Australian  Museum. 


nearly  complete  series  of  Australian  marsupials  well  mounted,  also 
preparations  illustrating  marsupial  embryology;  life-like  casts  of 
serpents;  remarkable  skeletons  of  fish — among  them  Ceratodus,  bet- 
ter than  were  seen  elsewhere;  a  series  of  Australian  birds,  not  com- 
plete, but  excellent  so  far  as  it  goes;  and  a  very  extensive  mineral- 
ogical  colle(5tion.  In  the  ethnological  hall  are  many  New  Ireland 
car\dngs,  both  in  wood  and  in  chalk;  the  best  series  of  large  round 
wooden  food  bowls,  from  the  Admiralt}'  Islands,  seen  in  any  mus- 
eum; NewGuinean  masks,  nets,  shields  and  spears;  the  largest  ser- 
ies in  existence  (  some  forty  )  of  Australian  tree  carvings,  of  which 
the  Bishop  Museum  has  a  set  of  photographs;  some  interesting  art- 
icles from  the  Solomon  Islands;  and  a  curious  lot  of  relics  purchas- 
ed from  the  family  of  Captain  James  Cook,  among  these  a  feather 
cloak  (which  will  be  figured  and  described  elsewhere)  and  helmet 
[PI. I.]  both  given  to  the  great  Navigator  by  Kalaniopuu.  A  fine 
Tahitian  gorget  of  feathers,  pearl-shell  and  shark  teeth  [Pl.II.],  not 
a  few  good  kapas,  and  some  Tongan  matting  are  noteworthy  in  this 


4  Colonial  Musetuns. 

purchase.  The  colle(5lion  of  Australian  implements  formerly  here 
was  destroyed  by  fire  while  in  the  Exhibition  Building  some  j-ears 
ago.  Even  this  lamentable  occurrence  has  not  put  an  end  to  the 
unwise  course  of  loaning  valuable  specimens  from  secure  museums 
to  flimsy  and  temporary  exhibition  booths  for  popular  amusement. 
As  in  New  Zealand  museums  there  are  but  four  dried  Maori  heads 
showing  the  moko  or  tatuing,  so  in  Australian  museums  there  are 
few  native  crania  and  skeletons, — more  are  to  be  found  in  London. 

The  Brisbane  museum  was  not  visited,  owing  to  the  floods 
that  had  rendered  the  roads  impassible.  Although  it  is  the  centre 
from  which  articles  from  British  New  Guinea  should  be  distributed 
to  other  museums,  it  is  said  on  good  authority,  that  little  progress  is 
made  in  the  utilization  of  these  and  other  rich  treasures  stored  here 
and  useless  for  all  purposes  of  exhibition  or  study. 

In  Melbourne  the  Ethnological  collecSlions  are  in  the  Public 
Eibrary,  and  although  large  and  including  many  choice  specimens, 
are  not  well  arranged  for  stud}.  The  Natural  History  colle(5tion 
is  in  another  and  distant  building  even  less  suited  to  the  purpose, 
and  so  disagreeably  crowded  that  arrangement  is  almost  impossi- 
ble, and  specimens  are  often  mounted  in  a  way  unworth}'  of  modern 
scientific  taxidermy. 

In  Adelaide  the  museum  is  in  a  new  and  well-planned  build- 
ing of  brick  and  iron,  and  Dr.  E.  C.  Stirling  has  on  exhibition  the 
largest  and  most  complete  colledtion  in  the  world  illustrating  Aus- 
tralian life  and  works.  The  food  produdls,  manufactures*  with  the 
raw  material  in  all  stages,  matters  of  personal  adornment  seldom 
colle(5led,  stone  implements,  are  admirably  displa3^ed  and  afford  am- 
ple instru(5tion — not  only  to  the  casual  visitor — but  to  the  scientific 
student  as  well.  This  may  indeed  be  taken  as  a  model  for  all  like 
institutions,  and  no  student  of  native  Australian  manners  can  neg- 
lect this  encyclopaedic  series.  In  the  Natural  History  division  the 
same  good  system  and  results  prevail.     The  palaeontology  of  South 

*  Note  should  be  made  in  passing  of  the  capital  spear-points,  some  of  large  size  and  ad- 
mirable workmanship,  made  from  telegraph  insulators  and  soda-water  bottles,  by  the  natives 
of  West  Australia  at  the  present  day.     Many  examples  are  shown  in  this  museum. 


Adelaide — Naples — Rome.  5 

Australia  is  well  represented.  It  was  a  matter  of  deep  regret  that 
weeks  could  not  have  been  spent  here  in  studying  the  contents  of 
this  museum  under  the  guidance  of  Dr.  Stirling.  The  Botanical 
Garden,  although  suffering  from  the  prevailing  drought,  well  repaid 
a  visit.  There  are  not  only  in  the  houses  many  rare  plants  colledl- 
ed  by  the  late  Dr.  Schomburgh,  but  also  a  capital  museum  of  botan- 
ical producls.  The  present  Director  IVIr  Maurice  Holtze  has  every 
thing  in  perfect  order.  The  ' ' Claw  vine ' '  ( Bignonia  gj-acilis ) ,  which 
covers  the  walls  of  the  Bishop  Museum,  here  bears  fruit  although  it 
has  not  fruited  on  the  Hawaiian  Islands. 

After  a  journey  of  some  twelve  hundred  miles  by  rail  from 
Sydney  to  Adelaide,  the  S.  S.  'Orotava'  of  the  Orient  Line  was  board- 
ed in  Largs  Bay,  February  19,  1896.  Albany  was  the  last  port  in 
Australia  and  from  that  the  course  lay  direct  to  Colombo  which  was 
reached  March  3rd.  Here  the  museum  is  a  large  two-.storied  build- 
ing, surrounded  b}'  colonnades,  near  the  cinnamon  gardens,  so  enjoy- 
ing plenty  of  light  and  space.  The  contents,  although  of  great 
interest,  are  almost  entirely  from  other  regions  than  the  Pacific. 

Passing  through  the  Red  Sea  and  the  Suez  Canal  the  'Oro- 
tava" arrived  at  Naples  March  i8th,  late  in  the  afternoon.  Here  at- 
tention was  particularly  directed  to  the  famous  Marine  Zoological 
Station  established  and  conducted  by  Prof.  Dr.  Anton  Dohrn.  As 
at  some  future  time  it  may  be  possible  for  the  Trustees  of  the  Bishop 
Museum  to  establish  a  similar  institution,  it  was  very  desirable 
to  see  this  the  first  and  greatest.  Prof.  Dr.  Dohrn  was  nio.st  oblig- 
ing and  exhibited  and  explained  the  establishment.  Here  was  first 
seen  the  admirable  result  of  formaldehyde  as  a  preservative  for  ac- 
alephs,  polyps,  and  similar  animal  strudlures:  later  its  effects  on  hu- 
man bodies  were  seen  in  the  laboratory  of  Prof.  Dr.  Hans  Virchow 
in  Berlin. 

Rome  was  next  visited.  Here  the  greatly  enlarged  Museo 
Kircheriano  in  the  Collegio  Romano  has  a  verj-  large  collecflion  of 
ethnic  articles  brought  together  by  Government  exploring  expedi- 
tions (voyage  of  the  'Magenta' ,  etc. )  and  by  the  Italian  missionaries. 


6  Florence — Vienna. 

Brazil  and  the  region  of  the  Orinoco  are  especially  well  represented 
and  generallj'  America,  both  North  and  South,  takes  the  lead.  The 
Pacific  Region  contributes  little  of  note.  From  the  Hawaiian  Is- 
lands onh'  a  lei  palaoa,  koi,  ie  kuku,  and  some  kapa.  The  coarse  ka- 
pas  from  Bolivia  and  the  Rio  Napo  were  interesting,  and  the  Mex- 
ican feather  mosaics  and  the  plumes  and  feather  head-bands  from 
the  Chamacocos  del  Chico  boreale  were  very  beautiful.  There  was 
a  fair  New  Guinea  series,  also  specimens  from  Micronesia  and  Fiji, 
but  nothing  not  common  in  other  museums.  In  Florence,  owing  to 
the  absence  of  the  Curator,  during  the  Easter  holidays,  none  of  the 
local  colledlions  were  seen.  Since  this  was  written  Prof.  Dr.  Gigli- 
oli  has  kindly  sent  the  two  valuable  papers  he  has  published*  de- 
scribing a  number  of  articles  from  the  Pacific  that  have  been  in  the 
Real  Museo  di  Fisica  e  Storia  Naturale  at  Florence  since  the  end 
of  the  last  century;  many,  if  not  all  of  them,  from  Cook's  third  V03'- 
age.  When  the  famous  Paolo  Mantegazza  founded  the  Museo  Naz- 
ionale  di  Antropologia  e  di  Etnologia,  the  first  of  its  kind  in  Italy, 
this  negledled  and  almost  forgotten  collection  became  the  nucleus 
of  the  new  museum.     In  this  are  the  following: — 

2  Feather  capes.  2  Helmets  without  feathers.  A  number  of  ka- 
pas.  (Dr.  Giglioli  quotes  full}'  from  the  Preliminar}'  Catalogue  of 
the  Bishop  Museum.)  2  Lei  palaoa.  2  Tortoise-shell  bracelets. 
Hula  drum  of  coconut  wood.  2  Kiipee  hoakalakala.  2  Kupee 
niho  ilio.  2  Stone  adzes.  6  Fish-hooks.  Kou  dish  with  figure 
for  handle;  resembles  Fig  8.  2  Umeke.  Ihe  or  javelins.  Dag- 
ger,/>«//c«.  2  Leiomano.  Some  good  Tongan  clubs,  baskets, 
and  nets.  The  remains  of  one  of  the  rare  Tahitian  robes  of 
ceremony;   and  other  objects  of  less  importance. 

In  Vienna  was  found  one  of  the  great  museums  of  Europe. 
Two  palaces  separated  by  an  extensive  square,  in  which  is  the  stat- 
ue of  Maria  Theresa,  contain  the  public  museums;  on  one  side  the 
Art  colledlions,  on  the  other  the  Ethnology  and  Natural  History. 
The  Ethnological  colle(5tion,  in  charge  of  Dr.  Franz  Heger,  is  nobly 

*  Apunti  intorno  ad  una  Collezione  Etnografica  fatta  durante  il  terzo  viaggio  di  Cook  e 
conservata  sin  dalla  fine  del  secolo  scorso  nel  R.  Museo  di  Fisica  e  Storia  Naturale  di  Firenze. 
Studio  del  Prof.  Dott.  Enrico  Hillyer  Giglioli.  Firenze  1S93-95. 


HofmuscuDi ,  Vicuna . 


Austrian  Hofmuseum. 

housed  and.  well  arranged,  and  is  especially  interesting  to  us  as  the 
depositary  of  many  of  the  things  brought  from  the  Pacific  b}'  Cook's 
officers.  These  Cook  relics  were  bought  in  London  in  1806,  by  the 
order  of  the  Emperor  Francis  II.,  from  the  Parkinson  and  Leverian 
colledlions.  Sydney  Parkinson  was  artist  to  Sir  Joseph  Banks  dur- 
ing Cook's  first  voyage.  The  original  inventories  of  this  purchase 
were  examined  but  no  information  of  especial  interest  was  obtained. 
The  purchase  was  only  of  curiosities  for  the  imperial  cabinet. 

The  principal  things  in  the  kaiserlich-koniglich  naturhist- 
orische  Hofmuseum  belonging  to  this  region  are: — 
Haivaiian  Islands. 
Feather  helmet,  red  and  yellow,  a  few  feathers  left.  Pi.  Ill,  Fig.  3. 
Another  with  green  body  and  red  and  yellow  crest,  ibid.  Fig.  4. 
Helmet  of  wicker-work  now  without  feathers,  ibid.  V\<g.^.  Feather 
god,  Kukailimoku,  red  with  yellow  trimmings,  dog  teeth  and 
shell  eyes.  Pi.  IV,  Fig.  6.  Pyramidal  structure  of  wicker-work 
on  an  oblong  base,  "a  model  of  a  temple  oracle",  covered  with  red 
feathers,  the  corners  ridged  wnth  yellow;  a  door  on  one  of  the  wide 
sides  cased  with  tortoise-shell:  height  23^^  inches,  ibid.  Fig.  7. 
Hat  of  European  form  once  covered  with  feathers,  now  greatly  di- 


Vienna  Hofnmsciim. 

lapidated.  Feather  cape,  35  inches  in  extreme  width,  of  ihvi 
with  a  pattern  in  j-ellow  00.  Feather  cape,  40  in.  wide,  of  koae 
ula,  the  upper  border  black,  sides  and  bottom  of  cock's  feathers, 
while  above  all  was  an  open  net  of  olond  nearly  one  third  of  the 
depth  of  the  cape.  Feather  cape  of  similar  shape  and  size,  of  mix- 
ed feathers,  among  them  a  few  00.  A  car^^ed  wooden  ladle  with 
anthropomorphic  handle.  Fig.  8.  Implement  with  a  single  shark 
tooth  fixed  in  the  end  of  an  L-shaped  handle,  a  form  not  in  the 
Bishop  Museum  nor  known  outside  a  few  of  the  oldest  European 
museums;  apparently  common  at  the  time  of  Cook's  visit  ( 1778), 
and  used  for  wood-candng.*    Fig.  9.     Shark  teeth  knife.   Fig.  10. 


Fig.  II. 

Crescent-shaped  weapon  with  eight  teeth  fastened  in  with  two 
pegs  each,  an  unusual  way.  Fig.  11.  Tool  of  kauila  wood  semi- 
circular in  form  and  armed  with  a  single  tooth  at  each  end ;  it 
could  be  u.sed  as  a  disk -cutter.  In  several  specimens  of  this  tool 
seen  elsewheret  the  teeth  are  attached  at  right  angles  to  the  posi- 
tion in  the  present  case  which  is  unique,  so  far  as  known.  Fig.  12. 
All  the  preceding  implements  are  from  Cook.  Human  hair  neck- 
lace, niho  palaoa,  with  small  niho  and  few  strands.  Decorated 
water-bottle,  Ipii  wai pawchc,  12  inches  in  diameter.  Umeke  of 
wood,  flat  form.  A  deep  umeke.  Umeke  with  cover.  Hula 
drum  8  in.  diameter.  Boar  tusk  armlet,  Kiipee  )it/io puaaAviW 
size,  5  in.  Similar  armlet  with  small  teeth  1^4^  in.  Two  armlets 
of  wood  and  bone;  one  of  dog  teeth,  another  of  SfroDilms  shells. 
Anklet,  8  in.  square,  of  dogteeth;  one  of  white  shells,  another  of 
black  and  white  shells.     5  Uhuiiaika,  good.     4  vStone  mirrors,  all 

*  In  older  times  instead  of  wood  a  pig's  jaw  served  for  handle. 
t  See  especially  the  illustration  of  that  in  the  British  Museum. 


/  'ionia   //ofiN  NSi'iiii/ . 


but  one  with  holes  drilled  near  the  rim.  Adz  of  indurated  coral; 
one  of  phonolite,  and  a  second  one  of  the  same  material  with  the 
original  handle.  Paddle  of  common  form.  2  Mat  bags,  square. 
Niihau  mat  of  good  quality  and  several  other  mats.  4  Daggers 
with  wood  handles,  sting-ray  points,  and  skin  sheaths,  are  not 
Hawaiian,  but  from  Micronesia. 

7\^)iga)i  Isla)ids. 
A  number  of  kapas  of  most  excellent  quality  and  beautiful  design. 
(Cook.)      Pan-pipe  of  unusual  form.      Fig.  14. 

Society  /s/a?ids. 
4  Stone  pounders,  the  handles  differing  in 
each  one.     Fig.  13. 

iVciL'  Zealand. 


r 

i 

(5 

E 

L 

1 

i 

1 

i 

1 

) 

3; 

ts. 

\ 

( 
1 
\ 

\ 

\ 

y 

' 

\ 

1 

J 

L/ 

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1 

1 

1 

Fig.  13.  Fig.  14. 

Ancient  coffin;  a  hollow  log  with  the  end  carved  in  form  of  a  hu- 
man head:  filled  with  cleaned  bones.  Pump-drill,  the  fly  of  two 
wooden  arms  bound  b}-  a  bark  rim.  12  Heitikis,  some  fine,  others 
of  unusual  form. 

Marquesas  Islands. 
Stone  idol  about  the  size  and  form  of  one  in  the  Bishop  Museum. 
Pestle  of  stone.      2  Clubs  of  the  flat,  carved   head   pattern   found 
now  only  in  museums.      See  below  under  British  Museum. 

Rapanui  (Easter  Island ). 
Carved  wood  polyp  or  cuttle-fish.  Two  wood  blocks  covered 
with  hieroglyphs.  Wooden  images;  4  lean  male,  3  fat  male,  and 
6  female.  Talking-stick,  old,  with  very  large  head:  8  others 
with  human  heads,  fine.  Carved  bird  of  strange  form.  3  Obsidian 
spear  or  dagger  points.  2  Black  feather  head-bands:  3  of  cock's 
feathers.  2  fish-hooks  of  bone  in  two  pieces  bound  together  at 
the  base. 


lO  I  ^i Clin  a  Hofmiiscum . 

Manihiki  ( Paiimotu  Group). 
Paddles  of  coconut  wood  inlaid  with  small  pearl-shell  disks:  this 
ornamentation  being  chara(5teristic  of  this  island. 

He7vey  Islands. 
Delicate,  lace-like  mat,  the  braids  rCvSembling  human  figures.     A 
similar  mat  was  afterwards  found  in  Weber's  colle(5tion  at  Berne 
undoubtedly  Tongan.      The}-  were  used  in  barter. 

N'eiv  Giiinea. 
Cuirass  of  Calamus  rotang .     6  Pan-pipes;  one  of  them  with  24, 
the  rest  with   13  reeds.     2  Coffins   of   canoe    form   with    covers. 
2  Gourd  whistles  like  the  Hawaiian  Ipu  hokiokio,  with  3  holes. 
Spears  tipped  with  cassowary  bone  were  labelled  "lyauka". 

The  feather  work  from  Brazil  was  chiefly  yellow,  black,  and 
red,  strings  of  feathers,  not  on  net-work,  and  greatly  resembling  the 
Hawaiian  lei.  Feather  sceptres  from  the  Mandurucu  were  beauti- 
ful, but  the  so-called  cloak  of  Montezuma  surpassed  them  all.  This 
was  formerly  in  the  Ambras  colle(5tion  and  was  figured,  *described, 
and  repaired  by  the  late  Baron  von  Hochstetter  formerly  Dire(5tor 
of  this  museum;  and  it  has  since  been  the  subject  of  much  discus- 
sion as  to  its  original  intention,  whether  head-dress,  ensign,  or  cloakt; 
but  its  form  indicates  the  first.  A  broad  fringe  of  Quetzal  feathers 
( Pharomacrus  niocinno )  shows  its  royal  characfter:  with  these  are  the 
wonderful  turquoise-blue  feathers  of  the  Xiuhtototl  ( Colinga  cinda 
or  ccci'ulea).  A  feather  fan  of  the  same  origin  described  and  fig- 
ured+  by  Herr  Custos  Heger  is  26^  inches  in  diameter  and  hardly 
less  beautiful.     A  shield  of  feather  mosaic  is  also  here. 

The  staff  of  this  museum  is  large,  and  the  ground-floor  con- 
tains a  village  of  work  and  store  rooms  opening  into  interior  courts. 
Visitors  on  public  holidays  crowd  the  vast  halls  to  the  great  dis- 
comfort of  those  who  wish  to  see  anything,  the  throng  being  so  great 
that  the  police  have  to  move  it  in  one  direction  only.     Much  kind 

"*  Ueber  mexikanische  Reliquien  aus  der  Zeit  Montezuma's  in  der  k.k.Ambraser  Samni- 
lung  in  den  Denkschriften  der  philosophisch-historischen  Classe  der  kaiserlich  Akadeniie 
der  Wissenschaften  in  Wien,  Bd.  xxxv  (1SS4). 

t  Zelia  Nuttall.  Standard  or  Head-dress  ?  Archseological  and  ethnological  Papers  of 
the  Peabody  Museum,  Harvard  University,  Vol.  i.  No.  i. 

%  Altmexikanische  Reliquien  aus  dem  Schloss  Ambras  in  Tirol.  [Annalen  des  k.k.nat- 
urhistorischen  Hofmuseums,  Band  vii,  Heft  4.  Wien  1S92.] 


J  'ii-iiiia — Mioiii/i . 


II 


assistance  was  received  from  the  distinguished  Direcftor  both  in  ex- 
amining" specimens  and  in  procuring  photographs  and  plates. 

In  the  museum  of  Erzherzog  Franz  Ferdinand,  at  the  time  in 
process  of  arrangement  by  Herr  Heger  for  public  exhibition  in  one 
of  the  ducal  palaces,  are  many  fine  things  from  New  Caledonia  ob- 
tained by  H.  R.  H.  the  Archduke  during  a  recent  cruise  in  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean.  Among  the  objects  were  many  spears,  arrows,  and  clubs 
in  piles  and  not  accessible,  and  the  following: — 

N'ew  Ca/cdoii  ia . 
2  Death-masks  and  several  car^^ed  wood  faces 
for  the  same.  Used  at  the  funeral  of  a  Chief. 
Many  fiat  disk  greenstone  clubs  with  wooden 
handles  and  in  some  a  rattle  at  the  hand  end. 
The  disks  often  8  to  lo  inches  in  diameter  and 
well  polished.  Fig.  15.  Club  of  common  form, 
but  with  a  curved  handle  not  seen  elsewhere,  see 
Fig.  16.  A  conical  implement  of  greenstone 
bound  with  a  cord  handle.  Fig.  17.  Jade  beads 
both  spherical  and  cylindrical.  Many  spears  and 
arrows.  2  Adzes  of  jade  set  in  a  solid  head  in 
one  piece  with  the  handle.  Fig.  18.  Many  ord- 
Fig.  15.  inary  adzes  from 

New  Guinea  and  the  Solomon  Is- 
lands. Many  fine  things  from 
eastern  Asia. 


Fig.  18.  Fig.  17.  Fig.  16. 

In  the    Natural    History    Department   of   the    Vienna  Mu- 
seum is  a  fine  series  of  Dinornis  bones. 


12  Munich. 

Munich  was  next  visited.      Here  the  konigliche  ethnologis- 
che  Museum  is  in  the  charge  of  the  well-known  scientist  and  trav- 
eler Dr.  Max  Biichner.     The  Bavarian  capital  is  famous  for  its  pub- 
lic buildings  but  many  of  them  are  only  archite(5tural  displays  with 
little  capacity  or  convenience  between  the  walls,  and  in  one  of  these 
is  housed  the  Bavarian  Ethnological  Museum.     This  is  especiall}^ 
rich  in  Chinese  and  Japanese  material,  but  there  are  also  not  a  few 
good  things  from  the  Pacific  Region,  as  follows: — 
Haivaiian  Islands. 
Feather  helmet,  rather  small,  of  the  usual  red  and  yellow  feathers 
with  a  narrow,  v-shaped  black  stripe  on  the  sides.     Feather  cape 
of  red  with  a  narrow  band  of  yellow  fOoJ;  apparently  a  fragment. 
Idol  of  wood  with  a  crest  or  niahiole:     another  about  24  in.  high 
but  probably  of  modern  make.     These  figures  were  given  by  Dr. 
Behrends,  formerly  a  resident  on   Maui.     5  Ulumaika.     2  Poi 
pounders.     2  Leiomano    of    ordinary    4-tooth    form;    2  with    one 
tooth  each.     Kukui  nut  candle  15  inches  long.     Ipu  wai paiuehe. 
Lei  palaoa,  small,  of  bone  with  a  few  unbraided  strands.     I^ei  of 
dog  teeth.     3  Pa' u  hula,  modern.     Anklet  of  dog  teeth,  small. 

The  New  Guinea  colledtion  is  good:  in  it  are  several  fine 
long  wooden  dishes.  There  are  many  carved  masks  from  New 
Guinea  and  the  Bismarck  Archipelago;  inlaid  bowls,  etc.,  from  the 
Solomon  Islands;  and  a  Maori  mokocd  head  and  several  carvings. 
From  Matty  Island  in  the  Admiralty  Group  were  wood  dishes, 
hatchets,  and  weapons  of  peculiar  and  good  workmanship. 

The  method  of  making  shell-money  is  clearly  shown .  The 
white  disks  are  chipped  from  Conns,  the  purple  from  Cyprcra  shells, 
both  by  means  of  an  oblong  pebble  rounded  at  both  ends.  Each 
disk  is  bored  separately  by  the  ordinary  pump-drill  armed  with  a 
quartz  splint.  Some  200  of  these  perforated  disks  are  strung  on  a 
palm  leaf  midrib  and  rolled  between  fiat  stones  until  circular.  The 
arm-rings  of  Tridacna  shell  are  said  to  be  cut  with  large  bambu 
secftions  armed  with  sand.  Many  articles  from  New  Guinea  have, 
since  1890,  been  made  for  export,  Dr.  Biichner  saj's.  The  private 
colledtion  of  the  painter  Gabriel  Max  is  rich  in  spears,  clubs,  and 


Dresden .  1 7 

stone  adzes.     There  are  also   five   mokoed   Maori  heads.      In  the 
owner's  absence,    Dr.   Biichner  showed  me  this  extensive  nniseuni. 
Zoologische  und  anthropologisch-ethnologische  Museums  zu 
Dresden.     This  museum  is  poorlj-  housed  in  the  upper  storey  of  a 
long  colonnade.     To  get  at  it  at  present  one  has  to  go  through  the 
Natural  History  Gallery,  upstairs  and  then  down  stairs,  to  cross  an 
archway,  and  then  up  stairs  again.     Under  the  direcflorship  of  Drs. 
A.  B.  Meyer  and  M.  Uhle  the  publications  have  been  many  and  very 
valuable,  but  the  arrangement  of  the  museum  did  not  seem  conven- 
ient for  study.      In  one  ca.se  were  jade  articles — Maori  heitikis  and 
meres  beside  Mandarins'  balls  and  New  Caledonian  beads. 
Micronesia. 
Model  of  a  Marshall  Islands  Mede  or  chart.     Armor  suit  of  coco- 
nut fibre  with  the  rare  form  from  the  Gilbert  Islands;     3  suits  of 
common  form.      Shark  tooth  implement  from  Nawodo  quite  sim- 
ilar in  form  to  the  Hawaiian  but  distinguishable  by  a  single  trans- 
verse ridge  on  the  handle.     See  Fig.  58;   upper  right  hand. 

Fiji. 
12  Throwing  clubs;    12  Musket  clubs;  4  Knobbed;  i  Pine-apple; 
I  Cylindrical*.     Model  of  temple  in  sennit.     2  War-paddles. 

New  Caledonia. 
Greenstone   disk    club.      2    Death  masks.       3    Nephrite    clubs. 

Nezv  Zealand. 
3  Jade  heitikis.  3  Jade  nieies,  a  very  fine  one  given  by  Dr.  Julius 
Haast.  Kiwi  feather  cloak.  2  Paddles,  common  form.  4  Patu 
of  carv^ed  wood,  new.  Bone  patu.  Greenstone  patu.  Carv^ed 
slab  with  three  men  and  two  dragons.  Ca.st  of  an  heitiki  in  the 
Freiburg  museum . 

Marquesas  Isla^ids. 
Club  of  choice  old  form:    see  illustration  under  British  Museum. 

Hervey  Islands. 
5  Canned  paddles  from  Mangaia.     Ceremonial  adz,  inferior. 

*The  Vitian  clubs  have  been  classified,  for  convenience  in  cataloguing:,  into  these  divisions: 
Throwing,  short,  slim  handles  with  heavy  lobed  knobs;  native  Via.  D  PI.  vii. 

Knobbed,  straight  bodj-  with  knobs  of  the  wood  or  human  teeth  or  bone.         A        " 
Pine-apple,  tuberculated  top  bent  at  an  angle  to  the  stout  shaft.  B        " 

Musket,  the  head  flattened  and  bent  like  the  butt  of  a  gun.  F        " 

I/Otus,  like  the  preceding  but  without  the  shoulder.  C        " 

Cylindrical,  often  carved  or  bound  with  sennit;  sometimes  verj'  large.  E        " 

These  illustrations  are  taken  from  specimens  in  the  Bishop  Museum. 


1 4  Dirsdoi — Berlin . 

Aiistralia. 
7  Zauberholz  or  bewitching  sticks.      22  Nulla  null  as  and  zcaddies. 
5   W^(7w;;;rr«  or  spear-throwing  sticks.      13  Shields.      8  Hammers. 
Small   bark    canoe.     2  Pump-drills.     6  Breast  shells,  decorated. 
Stone  knife  for  Mika   operation.     Boomerangs  in  great  number. 

New  Guinea  and  Bismarck  Archipelago . 
Dancing  masks,  a  fine  series.  Strings  of  shell  money.  Money 
chains.  8  Rattan  nooses  used  by  head  hunters  ( Fl}'  River  ?). 
2  Carved  figures.  Can-ed  drum  (S.New  Guinea);  another  with 
shell  rattlers;  3  of  common  form.  Star  club  with  eleven  points 
to  the  stone  star;  another  with  four  points.  Many  and  good 
chalk  images  from  New  Ireland.  Large  series 
of  charms  from  Hermit  Ids.,  usually  a  lower  hu- 
man jaw  corded,  and  decorated  with  feather  and 
stick  pendants.  2  Adzes  with  jade  blades.  Fig. 
19.  From  New  Britain,  carved  wood  images;  2 
pump-drills  with  stick  for  fly;  carved  wood  fig- 
ure, life  size  (8096);  8  Masks  of  the  frontal  por- 
tion of  human  crania  dressed  with  gum;  3  lower 
jaws;  Bailer  with  handle  joined  to  back  and  bot- 
tom. From  the  Samoan  and  Solomon  Ids.  not 
much  of  interest:  from  the  Hawaiian  Ids.  noth- 
ing was  seen. 
Fig.  19. 

Of  the  Berlin  Museum  f iir  Volkerkunde  Prof.  Dr.  A.  Bastian 
(who  visited  these  islands  some  years  ago)  is  the  learned  Dire(5lor, 
and  Dr.  Felix  von  lyuschan  the  Curator  of  the  Department  of  Africa 
and  Polynesia.  This,  if  not  the  only  purely  ethnological  museum 
in  the  world,  is  certainly  the  largest,  best  housed,  and  organized. 
The  new  building  is  convenientl}'  situated,  large,  and  well-lighted, 
yet  so  vigorous  is  the  administration,  that  it  has  already  become  too 
small  for  the  vast  colledtions  within  its  walls  and  there  are  already 
plans  for  a  considerable  extension.  The  admirable  organization 
of  a  Direcftor  with  five  Curators  of  Departments,  a  fiscal  commission 
to  attend  to  all  money  matters,  artists,  volunteer  assistants  and  at- 
tendants making  a  roll  of  some  fifty  persons,  permits  the  Director  to 
go  on  expeditions  sometimes  lasting  two  years  while  the  machinery 


BcrU)i  Mil  scion  fi'ir  J'd/kcrkuiidc. 


15 


Fig.  20.     Berlin  Ethnological  Museum. 

runs  on  without  disturbance.  Besides  the  necessary  Curators'  ap- 
partnients  there  is  a  good  leclure  room  where  the  Berlin  Anthro- 
pological Society  and  other  scientific  bodies  hold  meetings,  several 
of  which  it  was  my  privilege  to  attend.  Kaiser  Wilhelm  II.  is  per- 
sonally interested  in  the  museum  and,  as  Berlin  is  now  the  scientific 
centre  of  Europe,  the  future  growlh  seems  assured.  The  cases  are 
of  iron  and  glass  (many  of  the  .shelves  also  of  glass),  and  although 
very  secure  have  not  an  attracftive  appearance;  the  mechanism  re- 
quires two  keys  to  unlock.  For  detached  cases  they  are  suitable, 
and  estimates  of  their  cost  were  obtained  from  the  makers. 

In  such  an  immense  collection  it  will  be  impossible  to  notice 
here  matters  beyond  the  Pacific  Region,  but  within  that  limit  toler- 
ably full  lists  will  be  given.  The  Hawaiian,  enriched  by  the  col- 
ledlion  of  Dr.  Edward  Arning  of  Hamburg  (who  is  well  remember- 
ed in  Honolulu),  has  been  most  carefully  catalogued,  and  the  con- 


1 6  Berlin  Museu7n  fur  Vblkei'kiaide. 

stant  kindness  of  Dr.  von  Luschan  permitted  the  examination  of 

ever}'  article. 

Hazvaiiaji  Islands. 
Feather  cloak  51  in.  long  mostly  red  with  yellow  crescents.  This 
is  displa3'ed  on  a  figure  supposed  to  represent  an  Hawaiian  but 
this  is  not  a  success.  Feather  cape  16  in.  long  in  middle,  9  in.  at 
the  front  edge;  red  ground  with  3'ellow  border,  triangles,  and  cres- 
cents*. Cape  14  in.  long,  yellow  ground  and  red  semicrescents 
and  triangles.  Helmet  with  traces  of  feathers.  Helmet  with 
yellow  crest  and  traces  of  red  and-  black  feathers.  Helmet  red 
with  black  stripe  at  the  base  of  crest,  which  is  capped  with  yel- 
low; two  stripes  on  left  side.  Helmet  without  feathers  but  with 
a  crest  of  five  pedunculated  disks.  Kukailimoku  with  reddish 
human  hair.  2  Hula  drums  of  gourd.  Drum  of  coconut  wood; 
another  with  head  and  more  elaborate  carving.  Ukcke,  a  poor 
specimen.  3  Bambu  time-beaters  ( Ohc  hula  puili ) .  Gourd  ipic 
hokiokio;  another  of  coconut.  4  Rattles  of  gourd  with  feathers; 
one  without.  2  Nose  flutes.  Coconut  drum.  3  Stone  cups. 
12  Sling  stones  rw««^,  good.  Kua  olona.  Club  of  rude  form 
with  cord  attached.  Stone  weapon  of  double  conical  form.  2 
Hala  pillows.  5  pair  of  sandals  of  various  material.  Hat  block 
of  coconut  wood.  Polishing  stones.  Kua  kuku  for  beating  ka- 
pa.  23  le  kuku  or  kapa  beaters.  53  Ohe  kapapala  or  bambu 
stamps  for  printing  kapa.  3  Hohoa  or  round  kapa  beaters.  4 
Bambu  ruling  pens.  2  Koa  surf -boards  about  eight  feet  long. 
4  Paddles  without  ihu .  Canoe  god  with  four  heads  and  shell 
eyes.  3  Squid  hooks  complete,  one  with  wooden,  two  with  metal 
points.  5  Hala  fi.sh-baskets.  2  Laau  melomclo  or  bait  sticks. 
Fish-hook  of  two  pieces  of  bone  bound  together  at  the  base;  [see 
I^ig-  39-]  2  of  ivory,  single  barb;  3  of  pearl-.shell;  7  of  tortoise- 
shell.  Fi.shing  whip.  2  Shrimp  (^/>ad')  traps.  Netting  appara- 
tus complete.  Wood  shark  hook  with  bone  point.  Idol  of  wood 
with  hair  carved  in  form  of  a  wig.  Image  kneeling  ( Dr.  Arning) , 
the  only  one  known  from  Hawaii  in  this  odd  positiont.  PI.  VIII. 
Idol,  small,  unfinished.     2  Idols  of  rough  tree  stems.     Image  of 

*  Hawaiian  feather  work  is  briefly  noticed  in  this  Report  as  full  descriptions  and  illus- 
trations will  be  published  in  another  form. 

t  The  late  king  Kalakaua  considered  this  figure  a  representation  of  Papa  the  first  wom- 
an of  Hawaiian  mythology,  but  was  at  a  loss  to  explain  the  posture;  it  must  be  remembered 
that,  like  Eve,  Papa  did  not  behave  with  perfedt  propriety  and  this  may  record  her  repent- 
ance, although  we  are  not  assured  that  Adam's  disobedient  wife  ever  repented. 


Bc)li)i  J//(sc'n///  fur  I'dlkcrkioidc. 


17 


bread-fruit,  without  arms  or  legs,  the  long  and  slim  body  stuck 
full  of  pegs  of  coconut  wood.  4  Idols  of  carved  wood,  small. 
3  Rude  stone  idols.  Idol  of  lava  melted  over  coral  rock*.  Idol 
of  lava  rudely  carved.  Large  stone  nicmbniDi  virile.  2  Stone 
figures!  formerly  at  Kahuku,  Oahu:  one  represents  a  European, 
(Spanish?)  and  was  anciently  in  Manoa  Valley  ;  the  other  is  an 
ordinary  idol.  Pis.  IX.&  X.  Curious  wooden  figure  with  white 
pig  bristles  arranged  like  a  shoe-brush  on  the  head.  Sample  of 
olona  netting  for  feather- work.  3  Wooden  dishes  for  roast  pig. 
Fish  dish  15  inches  long,  handles  at  the  ends.  Umeke,  round; 
one  hexagonal,  well  made;  one  large,  fiat;  another  long,  flat.  Ipu 
holoi  lima  of  unusual  shape.  Fig.  21 .  2  Ipu 
aina.  4  ^/^ /v^/;a  (spit-boxes) .  7  Decorat- 
ed water-bottles,  fine.  Umeke  paivehc. 
Hucwai puco pau'ehe,sr):va.\\.  [Same  form  is 
found  in  Cambodia.]  Huew^ai  pueo  small, 
plain.     5  Koko  niu,  of  commoners.     6  Koko  Fig-  21. 

puupuic,  mostl)'  of  olona  or  waoke  and  niu.  3  Auamo  or 
bearing-sticks.  Ipu  hanohano  gourd  syringe.  Ihe pake  42  in. 
long.  Ihe  pahe  short  and  thick,  with  cord.  Slender  stick  label- 
led 'Ihe  pahe'?  Bow  6  ft.  long  with  ends  cut  for  string:  not  Ha- 
waiian although  a  similar  bow^  in  the  British  Museum  is  so  at- 
tributed. Leiomano  with  six  shark  teeth  fastened  in  with  pegs. 
Implement  with  one  shark  tooth  fastened  with  three  cords;  one 
fastened    with    two   cords.     5  Pandanus   fans,     common     form. 

3  Kauila  wood  implements  for  carv- 
ing. Fig.  22.  2  Boards  for  mak- 
ing pa'u  and  malo.  Cleaner  for 
pa'u  boards,  fine,  but  broken  at  the 
ends.  22  Koi  pahoa  and  21  frag- 
ments of  stone  adzes.  9  Koi  pahoa 
Fig.  22.  of  small   size.     4  Koi    pahoa    with 

handles.  Stone  chisel,  fine.  Iron  adz  with  handle.  2  Grind- 
stones, small.  12  Stone  lamps.  Fig.  23.  Stone  club.  Stone 
pestle.  6  Long  strings  of  kukui  nuts  for  candles.  8  Niho  pala- 
oa;  one  with  coarse  braid;  another  with  twisted  hair  and  small 
niho.  3  Lei  of  bone  beads,  some  spiral.  Kupee  niho  ilio.  Lei 
viokihana.     l^&i  oi  Abjitilon   capsules;     ■t^  oi  Coix  lachry77ia;    i  of 

*  The  Hawaiians  delighted  in  making  auniakuas  of  unusual  forms  or  combinations, 
t  By  the  kindness  of  Dr.  Bastian  this  Museum  has  received  good  casts  of  both  figures. 
O.P.— B.P.B.M.  B 


Berlin  Museum  fur  Vblkerkundc. 


Abrus precatorius;  i  of  kuktii  nuts  cut  polyhedral;  i  of  dog's 
teeth;  i  of  red  and  white  Pedlen  valves;  i  of  Niihau  shells;  i  of 
these  shells  and  Erythrina  seeds.  9  Bone  bosses  for  armlets. 
Tatauing  instruments  and  stone  cup  for  ink.  4  Stone  mirrors, 
some  with  holes  drilled.  Bone  comb.  2  Cup  and  Ball,  one  with 
kapa,  the    other   with    coconut   ball.      15   Ulumaika,    ordinary. 

8  Ulumaika,  rough.  6  Rounded 
stones  for  cooking.  6  Models  of 
grass  houses.  Bow  and  Arrows 
for  mice,  newly  made.  2  Poha- 
kii  puka  kill  poi.  8  Poi  pound- 
ers, common  form;  another  of 
coral  rock.  Pohaku  kiii  noni. 
2  Laaii  lomilomi.  3  Holua  run- 
Fig.  23'  ners.  Pololu  of  usual  form;  an- 
other with  barbs.  L,arge  stone  Canoe-breaker  bound  with  cord. 
Kauila  wedge  with  cord  for  canoe  building.  Koa  canoe  about 
15  ±  ft.  long,  with  wilizvili  outrigger  strengthened  by  wood  cleats 
on  each  side:  ama  sewed  on  and  its  ends  sewed  with  stitches  alike 
on  both  sides.  2  Teetotums  of  kukui  nut.  Many  specimens 
of  modern  straw  braid.     Awa  root.     Kapas  of  common  kinds. 

New  Caledonia. 
17  Clubs  of  the  usual  forms.  6  Stone  clubs;  i  of  jade;  another 
of  great  size.  21  Clubs  bird-head  shape.  11  Star  clubs  of  wood. 
29  Spears.  30  Arrows.  6  Slings  with  pouches  and  stones. 
3  Arrows  for  fish,  3-4  prongs.  2  Bows  of  wood;  14  of  bambu  dec- 
orated. 2  Bird  arrows  with  blunt  heads.  5  Adzes  mounted. 
7  Cord  dresses,  common;  6  white;  4  of  leaf.  6  Death  masks. 
lyadder  pole  with  projedling  bosses.  6  Large  figures  carved  on 
flat  slabs.  3  Paddles,  heart-shaped  blades.  3  House  models. 
6  Pandanus  fans  like  Hawaiian  but  with  rounded  corners.  Pot 
for  suspension;  i  26  ±  in.  high;  2  smaller  ones.  3  House  mod- 
els. 3  Poles  strung  with  Triton  shells.  4  Carved  human  fig- 
ures. 3  Canoe  models.  3  Carved  slabs  [shields?].  2  Bailers. 
3  Double  strings  of  round  jade  beads.  2  Pump-drills.  4  Bam- 
bu combs  quarter  segment.  5  Braid-covered  calabashes.  6  Bas- 
kets. 5  Basket  bags.  3  Beaters  of  round  wood.  2  Hatchets  of 
wood  with  large  white  blades. 

Nciv  Zealand. 
2  Dried  human  heads  with  moko.     Canoe  prow  of  ancient  form. 


Berlin  Muscuvi  fur    ]"dlkcrkundc . 


19 


Stern  post  of  canoe  very  narrow.  Modeled  figure  with  cloak  of 
flax,  heitiki,  staff  and  mere.  3  Pare  or  door-caps,  large  and  fairlj-^ 
car\'ed.  2  Carved  kumete  for  feathers,  etc.  Side  po.st  of  door. 
4  Tikis,  one  a  female  with  lizard.  Carved  funnel  for  feeding  a 
Chief  while  undergoing  nioko.  Portion  of  carv^ed  canoe  prow. 
Grindstone,  large.  2  Jade  heitikis.  Jade  earring.  2  Hammer 
stones.  9  Jade  adzes.  33  Greenstone  adzes.  2  Greenstone 
meres.  2  Meres  of  wood,  plain;  7  carved. 
3  Jade  meres ;  i  of  carv^ed  bone ;  6 
of  plain  bone.  2  Clubs,  carved.  2  Flax 
pounders  of  stone.  4  Carved  wood 
walking  sticks.  Tata  of  medium  size. 
Model  of  canoe.  3  Paddles,  plain;  3 
carved.  12  Taiaha  or  Chief's  .staff. 
6  Tewhatewha  or  Battle  axes. 
Rapanui  (Easter  Island ). 
3  Human  figures,  one  remarkably  fine. 
9  Images  of  inferior  quality.  4  Lizards. 
2  Moi.  2  'Talking-sticks'  of  ordinary 
form  and  size;  another  very  old,  showing 
the  human  head.  Fig.  24,  A-B. 
Stone  head.  6  Head-rings  of  feathers.  7  Obsidian  lance- 
heads;  another  mounted  on  a  long  staff.  3  Large  stone  adzes. 
3  Curiously  carved  paddles  with  groove  at  small  end  for  attach- 
ing the  awkward  handle.     2  Crescent-shaped  gorgets. 

Samoan  Islands. 
7  Canoe  models.     2  Gongs  of  wood,  trough-form,  60  in.  long,  61 


Fig-  25. 
in.  girth.     2  Grindstones.     Fans  galore.     Awa  bowl  of  peculiar 
tripod  form.     Fig.  25.     7  Small  awa  bowls.     3  Combs.     5  Kapa 
beaters.     3  fy/!>^/^  for  printing  kapa.     6  Stone  adzes  with  handles; 
55  without.      26  War  clubs  of   various   but    not  unusual  forms. 


20  Berlin  Museum  fur    Volkerkioide. 

2  Throwing  clubs.  4  Carved  spears.  2  Shell  bands.  7  Awa 
cups  of  coconut  shell.  3  Pandanus  mats  fine  texture;  several 
coarser.  2  All  or  bambu  pillows.  2  Bed  mats  of  white  Hibiscus 
fibre.  Upete  of  wood.  Round  basket,  good  workmanship. 
Mat  long  and  narrow  for  the  game  of  Lafoga  which  is  played  by 
casting  tupc  or  circular  pieces  of  coconut  shell.  The  mat  is 
from  15  to  20  feet  long  and  less  than  a  foot  wide. 

Society  Islands. 
6  Fish-hooks  of  wood  and  bone;  2  of  bone  with  tortoise-shell  barb 
and  back.  2  Poi  pounders.  3  Stone  adzes  mounted;  4  without 
handles.  5  Adzes  of  shell  mounted.  2  Gorgets  like  that  shown 
on  Plate  II.  Ornament  of  pearl-shell  plates.  Drum  7  in.  diam- 
eter, tall,  with  braids  of  sennit  to  tighten  the  head.  2  Drums  of 
wood  similar  to  the  Hawaiian.     Bailer.     Fan  (See  PI.  XIII). 

Tongan  Islands. 
18  Combs  of  tisual  form.     Pillow  of  wood.      2  Pan  pipes.     Belt 
of  human  hair  ( Samoan?).     5  Stone  adzes  and  another  mounted. 

2  Baskets  of  dark  material,  one  long  the  other  round.  Upete  for 
printing  kapa.     2  Spears  barbed.     Club  carved;  4  plain  clubs. 

Marquesas  Islands. 
4  Clubs  finely  carved.     2  Stilt-rests.     2  Triton  shell  trumpets. 
Pearl  shell  with  tortoise-shell  ornament. 

Hervey  Islajids. 

3  Paddles  carved,  rosette  handles;  3  with  square,  flat,  handles; 
all  from  Mangaia. 

Paunwtit  Islands. 
2  Canoe  models,  double,  inlaid  with  pearl-shell:  Manihiki.    Curi- 
ous wooden  pillow.     Kapa  beater  2  in.  square,   2  ft.  long;  an- 
other 3  in.  square,  15  in.  long. 

Fiji. 
27  Common  forms  of  potter3\     21  Clubs  musket  form,  3  decorat- 
ed with  shells;  18  throwing;  10  round;  14  knobbed;  6  pine-apple, 
one   very   small.      11    Spears    finely    carved.      2  War  -  paddles, 
Paddle  with  shovel  blade:  4  others  carved.  2  Carved  lances, 

.short  and  barbed.  3  Kapa  beaters,  one  handle  carved.  3  Wood 
shark  hooks.  Head  covering  of  netted  rushes  tipped  with  feath- 
ers.    5  Ornaments  of  whale  teeth;   2  more  with  the  teeth  halved. 

4  Necklaces  of  cachelot  teeth;  3  with  filed  teeth.  Man)^  fringe 
dresses.         4  Yaqona  bowls.         Oval  yaqona  bowl  on  four  legs. 

5  Fans  mostly  of  whole  palm  leaves.      Oil  dish  with  carved  sup- 


Berlin  Museum   fur  Volkcrkundc.  21 

port;  another  semicircular.  3  Cannibal  forks.  Carved  wooden 
spoon.  Turtle  bone  scoop.  2  Food  hooks  of  odd  forms.  Many 
kapa  sulas.  Human  figure  30  in.  high,  carved  wood,  round  face. 
4  Wooden  pillows. 

Micronesia. 
Chisels  of  Mitra  shell.  Daggers  of  bambu.  Stool  of  wood  in- 
laid with  bone.  Helmet  of  coconut  braid  conical  in  form  15  in. 
high.  3  Round,  car\^ed,  wood  boxes.  6  Carved  wood  figures. 
Fire  plow  quite  like  the  Hawaiian.  2  Rasps  of  wood  covered 
with  sunfish  skin.  House  model  from  Kusaie  (Finsch  1883). 
Shell  tripod  dish.  Bundles  of  preserved  food  and  man}'  of  the 
common  shell  ornaments,  belts,  earrings,  etc. 

Hermit  Islands. 
2  Wooden  food  troughs;  one  8)^  ft.,  the  other  6  ±  ft.  long,  with 
well  carved  internal  handles.  Large  flat  dish  of  dark  wood. 
2  Bailers  with  handle  attached  to  the  bottom.  6  Carved  canoe 
prows,  one  quite  large.  15  Human  lower  jaw  amulets.  4  Canoe 
models.  12  Wood  pins  beautifully  carved.  2  Carved  wood 
fishes.  2  Wooden  dishes  with  handles  and  obtuse  ends;  6  similar 
ones  but  with  car\'ed,  pointed,  ends.  4  Wooden  bowls,  two  of 

them  small  and  like  those  from  the  Admiralty  Group.        5  Shell 


Fig.  26. 

adzes.  Fig.  26.  2  Wooden  ladles  with  human  figures.  Carved 
adz-handle  (Maori  form).  Kapas  coarse  and  slightly  beaten. 

7  Combs;  three  of  them  with  bearded  human  heads.  Fish  hooks 
of  single  piece  of  shell,  decorated,  but  of  rough  finish  and  with- 
out barbs. 

Admiralty  Islands. 
45  Obsidian  head  lances.      10  Gourd  decorated  lime  boxes,  hour- 
glass shape.     3  Wooden  bowls  carved  in  form  of  birds;  2  smaller 
ones  of  same  form  but  light  wood.       Globular  bowls  red  pottery. 
Wooden  bowl  on  four  legs;  a  smaller  one  with  car\'ed  handles. 


22  Berlin  Museum  fiir  I  'dlkerkunde. 

3  Bailers  the  ends  of  handles  phallic*.  C^'lindrical  wood  gong 
3  ft.  long,  slit  lengthwise,  projedling  handles  at  the  ends,  carved 
decorations  over  the  handles:  Fig.  37  shows  the  form.  4  Oval 
wooden  bowls;  2  similar  with  finely  carved  handles.  Bead  belt 
wdth  14  strands.      Canoe  model  outriggered.       5  L,ances  carved. 

8  Obsidian  daggers.  8  Daggers  carved,  sting-ray  points.  Adz 
of  obsidian.  lyarge  wooden  food  bowl.  5  lyadles  with  carved 
handles.     3  Obsidian  axes,  one  with  carved  handle. 

Nezv  Hebrides. 
2  Large  human  figures  of  rushes  (?)  with  skulls  or  frontal  bones, 
painted.  6  Knobbed  (star)  clubs  of  dark  wood.  4  Spears  with 
single  point  and  carved  head;  4  with  many  barbs  carv^ed;  3  with 
many  points  of  sting-ray.  13  Bows.  6  Clubs  spindle  pattern. 
Arrows  with  bluish  points.  Net  pig-catcher.  3  Pan  pipes  with 
6,7,  and  17  reeds.  Car^^ed  oval  wooden  bowl  20  inches  long. 

2  lyong  basket-work  cones  with  seed  capsule  rattles  at  the  apex. 
Small  rush  figure  with  extended  arms  and  fingers.  2  Decorated 
caps  for  festivals.     4  Earthen  pots;  2  of  them  from  Santo. 

Solomon  Islands. 

9  Clubs  covered  with  fern  stem  braid.  11  Paddle-clubs  of  dark 
wood;  15  of  light  wood.  5  Longiels.  4  Dance  longiels.  5  Arm 
guards  of  coiled  vine.  35  Stone  axes.  2  Shields  of  wood,  2  of 
reeds,  and  i  braided,  plain.  12  Carved  canoe  figures.  20  Carved 
dance  figures.  18  Dance  paddles,  common;  12  with  carved 
tops.  Pump-drill  with  cylindrical  fly.  2  War  belts.  Arrows 
galore.  Canoe  model  inlaid.  2  Women's  dresses  of  white  cord. 
2  Car\'ed  wood  human  images  with  turban-like  head  ornaments. 
Club  of  flat,  rhomboidal  form.  2  Masks  inlaid.  4  Earthen  pots. 
18  Bows.  7  Canoe-heads  inlaid  with  pearl-shell.  Food  bowl  in- 
laid, family  size;  another  smaller.  Human  figure  on  frame.  2 
Human  heads  car\-ed  on  a  base.  Double-headed  human  figure 
inlaid.  Braided  comb.  3  Large  wooden  mortars  from  Shortland 
Island,  the  largest  30  in.  high  exclusive  of  ground  peg.  3  Bunches 
of  white  Helix  shells  used  as  rattles.  7  Decorated  coconut 
and  bambu  water-bottles.  9  Woven  baskets  or  bags.  18  Stone 
adzes.  9  Baskets  of  rattan,  2  with  handles.  8  Hair-pins  with 
human  figure  carv'ed  on  the  top.  13  Lime  boxes  of  bambu  dec- 
orated.      19  Lime-boxes  of  gourd  engraved.       Large  pan-pipe — 

*  The  handles  of  old  Maori  tatai,  or  bailers  are  often  phallic. 


Berlin  —  Copcnhaocn.  23 

less  than  30  in. —  with  12  reeds.     More  than  fifty  red  and  yellow 
woven  armlets  of  artistic  patterns. 

N^czv  Guinea  &  Bismarck  Archipelago. 
An  immense  colledtion  impossible  to  enumerate  here.      It  is 
perhaps  the  best  in  any  museum,  as  one  would  expecT:  from  the  very 
extensive  interests  of  the  German  Government  in  this  region.     Of 
the  more  remarkable  objecfts  are  the  following: — 

II  Shields,  heavy,  can-ed  wood.  10  Shields  similar  but  rec5tan- 
gular.  8  Decorated  shields  of  wood  curved  horizontally;  14  sim- 
ilar but  curved  vertically.  2  Wooden  shields  from  Friedrich 
Wilhelm's  L,and.  7  Carved  wood  shields  with  arm  notch  at  top. 
3  Hour-glass  shields  covered  with  braided  rattan.  10  Stone  disk 
clubs.  Stone  star  club.  Club  with  triangular  stone  head. 
6  Knobbed  clubs.  2  Pump-drills.  6  Carv-ed  wood  pillows.  11 
Stone  adzes  mounted.  14  Drums  with  lizard  skin  heads  and  fiat 
bases;  2  similar  with  mitre-shaped  bases.  2  Pan-pipes  with  24 
reeds  from  New  Hanover;  2  similar  pipes  from  the  same  locality 
with  20  and  21  reeds  each.  From  New  Ireland,  12  Masks  of  hu- 
man frontal  bones;  25  Stone 
ball  clubs;  War  gong,  a  hol- 
low c^dinder  49  in.  long  and 
69  in.  in  circumference,  with  a 
longitudinal  slit  two  inches 
wide;  27  Chisel-like  adzes  of 
greenstone;  21  Chalk  images, 
some  of  great  size*.     2  Wood 

floats  for  shark  fishing.     Fig.  Fig.  28. 

27, PL  VI.  Wooden  fiddle  from  New  Britain.  Fig.  28.  6  Shell 
collars  flat  on  the  fibre,  same  locality.  2  Mummies  of  children! 
from  Torres  Strait.  7  Tortoise-shell  masks,  same  localit}-.  Tri- 
ton trumpet.  Dukduk  costume.  7  Matrimonial  nut  signals.  8 
Wooden  clubs,  cones  at  both  ends.  26  Small  greenstone  adzes. 
Bags  decorated  with  Coix  seeds.  Slings  like  Hawaiian,  Kaiser 
Wilhelm  Land.  Pan-pipes  with  9  reeds,  lower  ends  fibre  bound. 
Lime  boxes  of  gourd  and  coconut  shell.  Shell  crescents.  Etc. 
Nationalmuseet    den    Ethnografiske    Samling  Kjobenhavn. 

*  In  these  images  the  abiiorinal  developement  of  a  certain  part  is  not  entirely  native,  but 
arises  from  a  desire  to  secure  a  market  with  foreign  sailors  and  traders. 

t  This  seems  a  favorite  disposal  of  the  dead  on  Darnley  Island  and  elsewhere  in  this  reg- 
ion.    They  are  not  very  well  mummyfied  and  without  additional  preparation  will  not  keep. 


24  Copenhagen. 

From  Berlin  the  route  was  via  Warnemunde  and  Gjedser  to  Cop- 
enhagen. During  the  winter  the  museum  is  opened  only  one  day 
each  week  and,  unfortunately,  this  day  was  selecfted  by  H.R.H.the 
Duke  of  York  and  party,  as  w^ell  as  by  your  Diredlor,  to  visit  the 
colledlions:  hence  it  happened  that  the  accomplished  Curator  was 
not  available,  and,  although  he  said  he  would  send  an  attendant  to 
open  the  cases,  the  contents  had  to  be  examined  through  glass, — 
the  only  time  this  occured  after  leaving  Rome.  This  was  the  first 
museum  where  a  printed  catalogue  was  found  and,  although  this 
was  in  Danish,  it  was  not  difficult  to  interpret  with  the  numbered 
objecfts  before  one.  In  the  Hawaiian  case  were  several  things  not 
belonging  to  this  Group,  among  them  a  poi  pounder  (  of  gypsum  ) 
from  Micronesia:  while  a  fine  ring  pounder  (pohaku  puka)  of  un- 
doubted Hawaiian  origin  was  found  in  the  Mexican  division  label- 
led "Corn  grinder".  It  should  be  said  that  there  is  a  very  similar 
Mexican  stone  implement  used  for  that  purpose.  The  following 
were  noteworthy: — 

Hawaiian  Islands. 
Feather  cloak  57^  in.  long,  red  with  yellow  border  at  base  and 
yellow  triangles  at  edges,  but  so  hung  that  the  back  is  invisible. 
Feather  cape  of  yellow  with  dark  green  crescents  and  red  spots 
on  neck  and  edges;  fine  specimen.  Cape  red  with  yellow  ornam- 
ents; slightly  smaller  than  the  last  but  both  were  too  far  behind 
the  glass  to  be  measured.  Helmet  in  fair  condition.  Pair  Ku- 
pee  ilio.     2  Kahilis  with  bone  and  tortoise-shell  handles  6  ft.  long 

2  Ulumaika.  Stone  mir- 
ror Yz  in.  thick  labelled 
"Maika".  7  Stone  adzes, 
one  of  largest  size :  2  more 
with  handles.  3  Lei  niho 
Fig.  29  palaoa.         2  Pohaku  kui 

poi  common  form,  i  Pohaku  puka.  2  Pa'u  boards.  Cleaner  for 
these  boards.  Fig.  29.  5  Kapa  beaters.  6  Ohe  kapalapala, 
one  with  ca  stamp.  Another  had  a  very  unusual  pattern,  see 

Fig.  30.  on  next  page  about  double  size.  3  Huewai  pa- 

wehe.  Umeke,  small.  String  of  kukui  nuts  for  candle.  3  Kii- 
pce  of  bone  or  whale  tooth  and  one  of  pipipi  shells  ( Nerita  polita). 


CopniliagcH. 


25 


4  Fish  hooks  of  pearl-shell  and  ea.  2  Triton  shell  trnmpets. 

Implement  of  h'ani/a  wood  with  a  shark  tooth  at  each  end  for 
engraving  or  carving-.  Fig.  32.  [Compare  Fig.  22.  page  17.] 
Idol,  rnde  carving,  about  3  ft.  high  and  3  in.  diameter.         Koko 


Fig.  30. 

puupuu.         6  Kapas  of  good  quality.       3  Kapas  of  very  modern 
pattern,  one  with  bunches  of  red  and  black  leaves,  another  with 
"palms".     Fig.  31. 
Jl/arqiu'sas  Islands. 

3  Stilt  rests,  poor  canning.  2  Clubs,  good.  Group  of  two  figures 
12  inches  high  carved  in  wood  united  by  the  back  of  their  heads, 
the  middle  wrapped  in  white  kapa.      2  Paddles. 

Hcrvcy  Islands. 
6  Carved  paddles.     7  Ceremonial  adzes,  2  quite  small;  Mangaia. 
Society  Islands. 

4  Wooden  bowls,  long  and  pointed,  the  longest  40  in.,  carved  on 


Fig-  31 


Fig.  32. 


the  rim.  Wooden  pillow  40  in.  long,  with  4  legs.  5  Stone 
adzes,  one  of  them  mounted.  I^arge  kapa  beater.  Stone  chisel. 
Kapas  stamped  with  fern  leaves  in  red.  Tatuing  comb  and  rod 
beater.  Wooden  box  or  gong  43  in.  long.  Wooden  seat  disli- 
form.     Human  hair  girdle  (Samoan?). 

Samoan  Islarids. 
Kava  bowl.     14  Siapo  (kapa),  ordinary  patterns.     Upete,  small. 
10  Stone  adzes,  one  mounted.       White  hibiscus  fibre  mat.      Red 
mat.     2  Nautilus  shell  frontlets.     3  Combs.     3  Fans.     2  Spears. 
4  Fish  hooks  with  braided  lines.      2  Clubs,  narrow. 


26  Copenhagen. 

Rapanni. 
7  Obsidian  lance  heads.     Figure  can-ed  in  wood.      2  Clubs  with 
uman  heads.     Feather  head-rings. 

New  Caledonia. 
3  Bird-bill  clubs.      14  Knob  clubs.     4  Adzes  with  short  handles. 
Fig.  33.     Death  mask  in  fragments.     2  Sling  pouches.    15  Sling 
stones.      I  Sling  cord.         Jade  and  wood  club  or  axe.      Fig.  34. 


Fig.  ZZ.  Fig.  34. 

Jade  disk  club.  Human  figure  in  wood  life  size;  another,  small 
( membriun  virile  longnm).  Wooden  baby  in  box.  Carved  male 
figure  well  done.     Car^-ed  demon  (?)  24  in.  high. 

Fiji. 
15  vStone  adzes."  3  Adzes  with  handles.  Shell  adze  (Micrones- 
ian  or  Samoan).  2  Yaqona  bowls.  6  Pots  of  common  form. 
Pottery  bowl.  2  Pottery  jars  of  unusual  form.  Wooden  bowl 
15  ±  in.  diameter.  Oil  dish  on  stand.  Cannibal  fork.  2  Fans. 
Food-hook.  Tatuing  tools.  2  Whale  tooth  ornaments.  Neck- 
lace of  cachelot  teeth;  another  of  filed  teeth.  Common  pillow. 
2  Carved  wood  pillows.  13  Clubs  musket  form;  4  pine-apple;  7 
knobbed;  10  round;  14  throwing.  6  War-paddles.  5  Spears 
carved.  House  model.  3  Kapa  beaters.  Upete  of  wood  60  in. 
long,  12  wide.  Canoe  model.  Fish  spear.  3  Human  figures 
(fern  stem  ?)  with  whale  teeth  ornaments.  4  Shell  necklaces; 
another  of  human  teeth  (cannibal  trophy  ?  ).     Satchel,  long. 

New  Zealand . 
Dried  human  head  mokoed  (  Et  tatoveret  Mandshoved  ).  Tiki 
50  in.  high,  usual  three  fingers.  2  Carved  house  slabs.  Carv^ed 
covered  kumete  26  in.  long.  4  Mere  of  bone;  5  of  greenstone; 
2  of  wood,  plain;  i  of  carved  wood.  29  Greenstone  adzes;  12 
of  jade.     3  Trumpets,  carved  wood,  15  in.  long.       2  bone  flutes, 


Copenhaoen  —  Hamburg .  27 

modern.  Tiki  of  two  men  one  above  the  other.  Taiaha.  Flax 
pounder  of  stone.  Canoe  model  (  Krigskano  ).  Tewhatewha 
Cape  of  flax  (  Phormiuni  ).  6  Heitikis  of  jade.  5  Jade  earrings 
and  fragments.  2  Cloaks  of  flax.  Small  old  kumete.  3  Fish- 
hooks bone  and  shell.     2  Shark  hooks.     War-canoe  prow. 

Tongan  Isla7ids. 
Awa  bowl  31  in.  in  diameter.      11  Carved  clubs.      2  Bambu  fi.sh 
spears.     Wood  pillow,  usual  form.     Sling,  well  made. 

New  Hebrides. 

6  Spindle-form  clubs.  5  Knobbed  clubs.  Carved  figure,  paint- 
ed.    Other  common  things. 

Solomon  Islands. 
Bows  and  arrows  galore.  Carved  figure.  2  Human  figures  in 
wood.  Arm  coil.  Plaited  shield.  4  lyongiels.  2  Paddles.  6 
Dance  clubs.  Spears  many,  some  with  cassowary  bone  tips.  5 
Combs.  3  Carved  bowls,  fine.  Tindalo  or  ring  god.  3  Adzes. 
2  Canoe  ends  decked  with  Ovuhim  shells.  Pan  pipe.  3  Belts 
of  shell  beads.  2  Shell  disk  frontlets  with  tortoise-shell  carvings. 
2  Plain  shell  disks. 

N^ew  Ireland. 
5  Male  human  figures  in  chalk. 

New  Britain. 

7  Ma.sks.     2  Slings.     3  Paddles  and  the  common  carved  figures. 

Admiralty  Islands. 
2  Human  figures.       7  Obsidian  head  lances.       Obsidian  dagger 
with  well-carved  human  figure  for  handle;  a  fine  specimen.         2 
Lime  boxes  of  gourd.     Bailer  for  canoe.     Penis  cover,  engraved 
shell  of  Ovid  Kill  ovum. 

From  Copenhagen  via  Korsor  and  Kiel  to  Hamburg.  The 
Volkerkunde  Museum  is  on  the  upper  floor  of  the  Natural  History 
Museum,  a  large  building  well  fitted  and  arranged.  Herren  C.  W. 
lenders  and  Hagen  have  charge  of  the  Ethnological  colle(5lions. 

Eastern  Asia  claims  the  larger  portion:  the  arrangement  of 
the  Polynesian  portion  is  rather  incomplete  and  confusing,  and  al- 
though there  is  insufficient  room  several  loan  colledlions  are  crowd- 
ed in.  A  part  of  the  Godeffro}-  Museum  has  here  found  a  home, 
another  part  was  found  in  the  shop  of  the  dealer  Umlauff.  Herr 
lyUders  was  very  obliging  in  pointing  out  what  was  of  most  interest 


28  Hamburg . 

to  his  visitor,  and  his  residence  in  the  Pacific  has  made  him  famil- 
iar with  many  matters  concerning  that  region,  so  there  were  fewer 
mistakes  in  identification  than  usual  in  European  museums. 

Haicaiian  Islands. 
2  Huewai  pawehe.      4  Adzes  in  fragmentary  condition.       Model 
of  a  double  cdnoe.       The  figure  called   Hawaiian  in  the  printed 
catalogue  has  brass  earrings  and  was  perhaps  made  by  a  sailor. 

Hervey  Islands. 
4  Ceremonial  adzes;  and  4  Paddles,  all  from  Mangaia. 

Rapanui . 

4  Human  figures.  Bird  well  carved.  Talking  stick  or  paddle. 
Club.  2  Rude  stone  human  heads.  4  Obsidian  lance-heads. 
Wooden  crescent-shaped  gorget. 

Marquesas  Islands. 
Crown  of  carved  bone,  tortoise-shell  and  feathers.      3  Stilt-rests. 
Beards  of  old  men.     3  Spears.     Fan.     Club. 

Nine  or  Savage  Island. 
lyongiel.       3  Paddles. 

S a  moan  Islands. 
Small  fishing  canoe.     Hibiscus  fibre  white  mat.     2  Hook  clubs. 
15  Siapos,  ordinary  patterns.      13  Fans.      5  Spears.      2  Baskets. 
2  File  or  fly-flaps.      3  Shell  frontlets.       Tatuing  implements.     4 
Serrate  clubs.       Other  clubs  of  doubtful  origin.       House  model. 

5  AH,  common  form.  2  Wooden  bowls,  one  80  in.  long,  27  wide, 
of  doubtful  origin. 

Tongan  Islands. 
Gypsum  poi  pounder.     2  Wood  pillows.     3  Squid  bait,  fragments 
of  Cyprcea  tigris  fastened  to  a  stone  sinker  (  Tahitian  ?  ) . 

Manihiki . 
Paddle  inlaid  with  circles  of  pearl  shell.         Club,  2  Bowls  and  a 
box  inlaid  in  the  same  characleristic  manner. 

Fiji. 

6  Human  skeletons  male;  2  female.  6  Crania.  These  in  the 
Natural  History  Mu.seum.          24  Throwing  clubs;    6  pine-apple; 

7  knobbed;  10  round;  10  musket  form.  Tree  stem  with  human 
bones  imbedded;  —  a  cannibal  trophy.  3  Cannibal  dishes.  Oil 
dishes  (2).  Roll  for  marking  kapa.  3  Kapa  beaters.  3  Wood 
pillows.  7  Yaqona  bowls.  Long,  round  pillow.  2  Pillows  flat- 
topped.      16  Pots,  common  forms.     3  Heads  of  hair  or  wool.     2 


Chiefs'  staves, 
temple  in  sennit. 

New  Caledonia. 
Death  mask  in  poor  condition, 
bill  clubs.      2  Clubs,  round, 
an  figure.      3  Water  bottles, 
cap.      Dresses  galore. 

Caroline  Islands. 
6  Oblong  wooden  bowls 
model.     2  Shark  floats. 


Hamburg . 
4  Satchels,  flat.      14  Carved  spears. 


Model  of 


2  Adzes  with  handles.  2  Bird- 
2  Bambu  combs.  Small  hum- 
C^-lindrical  woven  head-dress  or 


2  Wooden  boxes  with  covers.      Canoe 
7  Decorated  canoe  .sticks.     3  Decorated 


house  beams  (used  to  hang  clothes  upon).     3  Coral  rock  pound- 
ers.    Wooden  gong  with  handles  at  the  ends.   Fig.  35.     7  Belts. 


Tols  in  great  number.  Nuk- 
uor  figure  in  wood  66  inches 
high.  4  Smaller  figures  from 
the  same  locality.  Ponapean 
flat  kapa  beater.  Tortoise- 
shell  dishes  and  spoons.  Ta- 
tuing  implements.  Hat  used 
in  reef-fishing.  Sling  stones. 
Common  mats.  Large  boat- 
shaped  idol,  curious.  Tor- 
toise bone  hoe.  20  Packag- 
es of  Tike.  Comb  with 
feathers. 

Gilbert  Islands. 
3  Suits  of  coconut  fibre  armor, 
lar  like  the  one  at  Berlin.     Fij 
shirt  attached.       Sun-fish  belt 
Cord  dre.s.ses 


Fig.  36. 

Another  suit  with  an  erect  col- 

36.  3  Trousers  of  fibre  with 

Glove  armed  with  shark  teeth. 

12  Shark  teeth  swords.    Models  of  canoes.    Mats  of 


hau  and  pandanus.  3  Stalactite  fish-hooks;  4  Common  fish-hooks. 

Marshall  Islands. 
2  Drums.       3  Canoe  models.       Stone  adze  with  an  unusual  knob 


30  Hamburg  —  Amsterdam . 

on  the  handle.     Fig.  37. 

Bismarck  Archipelago. 
Many  masks.  11  Human  frontal  bone  masks.  Large  chalk 
figure  and  19  smaller  ones.  11  Stone  ball  clubs.  Many  swords 
and  flat  clubs.  5  Good  carvings  from  New  Britain.  Group  of 
Buceros  (  Horn-bill  )  delivering  a  woman  —  this  bird  being  the 
Lucina  of  New  Ireland. 

Nezv  Gici)iea. 
Curved  wooden  shield.       Heavy 
round  shield.     5  Dukduk  hats. 

Solomon  Islands. 
Shield  finely  inlaid  with  squares 
of  pearl-shell.  7  Carved  canoe- 
figures.  Canoe  model.  Small 
food  bowl.  7  Dance-paddles,  of 
common  form,  and  3  with  carved 
Fig.  37.  handles.       2  Clubs  covered  with 

plaited  Gleichenia .     Shell  disk  frontlet  with  tortoise-shell  "thun- 
derbolt". 

Nezv  Hebrides. 
Human  figures  and  a  large  lot  of  clubs  of  ordinary  forms. 

Hermit  or  Anachorite  Isla7ids. 
3  Long,  pointed  w^ooden  bowls.      2  Shell  adzes.     4  Frontal  bone 
masks.     Wooden  fiddle  (  New  Britain  ). 

Torj^es  Straits  Islands. 
Tortoise-shell  masks,  good.       3  Carv^ed  pillows.       2  Disk  clubs. 
Star  club.      3  Drums. 

Admiralty  Islands.         9  Obsidian  head  lances. 

The  printed  catalogue  of  this  museum  is  simply  a  list  of  num- 
bers, names,  and  localities  without  farther  information. 

The  next  city  visited  was  Amsterdam.        Here  the  museum 

is  on  the  upper  floor  of  a  large  building  in  the  Zoologische  Garten. 

India  and  the  Dutch  East  Indies  are  very  well  represented  while 

there  is  but  little  from  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Haivaiian  Islands. 

Lei  palaoa.     Huewai  pawehe.      Bone  fish-hook.     Fig.  38, PI. VI. 

New  Zealand. 
Greenstone  mere  and  adze  with  handle.     2  Jade  heitikis.     Hum- 
an face  from  an  old  Maori  carving. 


31 


Amsterdam  —  Leiden. 

Marquesas  Isla7ids. 
A  pair  of  stilt-rests  and  a  fine  club. 

Fiji. 
Human  figure  in  wood.      17  Spears  well  carved. 
5  Clubs,  musket  form;  5  knobbed;  5  throwing;  2 
pine-apple;  2  round. 

Hervey  Islatids. 
5  Ceremonial  adzes  and  a  carved  paddle. 

N^ezc  Guinea  &  Bisma^xk  Archipelago. 
An  assortment  of  bags  and  10  Korowaarixam-Wv^ 
former  and  3  carv^ed  figures  from  New  Ireland. 

In  the  same  Zoological  Garden,  which  is  con-  Fig.  38. 

veniently  situated  in  the  midst  of  the  cit)',  and  one  of  the  best  kept 
in  Europe,  is  the  Aquarium.  This  is  very  well  planned  both  for 
exhibition  and  for  the  care  of  the  tanks.  The  contents  were  not  of 
great  rarity  but  in  perfecft  condition.  The  obliging  keeper  showed 
all  the  inner  arrangements .  There  are  large  underground  cisterns 
for  the  sea-water  which  was  brought  from  the  Atlantic  some  years 
ago.  In  the  hall  over  the  tank  room  is  a  colletlion  of  marine  ani- 
mals and  produdls  neither  well  lighted  nor  installed. 

In  the  attic  of  another  building  there  is  a  large  series  of  ver- 
tebrate skeletons  including  many  Cetaceans.  This  is  not  open  to 
the  public  as  it  is  not  3^et  encased.  In  the  Aviary  was  a  Dacelo gi- 
gas  (  Laughing  Jackass  )  from  Australia.  Pastor  tristis  from  Java 
proved  to  be  the  same  bird  as  the  so-called  "Mina"  introduced  by 
the  late  Dr.  Hillebrand:  Eidabes  javanica  the  true  Mina  in  the  same 
house  was  a  capital  talker. 

Leiden  on  May  5th.  At  the  Egyptian  Museum  the  distin- 
guished Curator  Dr.  P.  A.  A.  Booser  showed  and  explained  many 
most  interesting  matters,  his  colledlion  being  one  of  the  oldest  and 
most  extensive  in  Europe  and  prized  by  all  Egyptologists.  Leiden 
seems  a  very  small  place  —  almost  a  town  of  one  street  —  but  be- 
sides being  a  university  town,  it  is  emphatically  a  city  of  museums. 
These  are  all  quite  too  large  for  the  buildings  that  try  to  contain 
them.     In  one  place  was  a  good  series  of  casts  from  the  excava- 


32  Leiden. 

tions  at  Olympia;  near  the  University  a  Japanese  Museum  and  an- 
other devoted  to  Natural  History  which  contains  an  astonishing 
number  of  animals.  Although  the  Curators  were  most  obliging, 
there  was  not  time  to  examine  farther,  but  among  the  birds  was  a 
very  old  specimen  of  Drepanis pacifica  much  faded.  At  quite  the 
other  end  of  the  town  is  the  Ethnological  Museum  of  which  Herr 
J.  D.  E.  Schmeltz,  the  well-known  ethnologist,  is  Curator.*  This 
is  in  a  sadly  crowded  condition,  the  rich  collecftions  in  constant  dan- 
ger from  fire,  and  a  large  part  quite  inaccessible  to  the  public.  It 
is  naturally  strongest  in  articles  from  the  Dutch  colonies  and  there 
it  is  most  instruc5tive.  From  the  Pacific  Region  the  following  art- 
icles were  noticed: — 

Hazvaiian  Islands. 
Feather  cloak  of  ihvi  with  triangles  of  oo.\  Feather  cape  with  a 
narrow  border  of  iiwi  and  oo  feathers  in  alternate  triangles  on  the 
sides  and  neck,  the  feathers  much  worn  "  des  Zahn  der  Zeit  "or 
of  something  else,  the  body  of  the  cape  covered  with  the  long 
green-black  feathers  of  the  Frigate-bird.  Also  figured  loc.  cit. 

Taf.  VII.  Oval  dish  of  carved  wood  with  two  kneeling  figures 
as  supports;  the  head  of  one  of  the  figures  is  hollowed  as  for  salt, 
and  both  have  shell  inlaid  eyes.  Plate  X.  2  Swords  of  kauila 
wood  set  with  shark  teeth.     Huewai  pawelie.     Netting-needle. 

Samoan  Islands. 
2  White  fibre  mats.       Aica  shells  for  cleaning  bark.        Baskets, 
Fans,  etc.     2  Upete.     2  Kapa  beaters.     Kapas,  common  forms. 
New  Zealand. 

Dried  head  with  moko.  Canoe 

model.  Tiki  with  engraved  pearl- 
shell  eyes.  Fig.  39.  Tata  figured 
in  the  Archiv  Bd.  I.,  Taf.  vii.  2 
Mere  of  greenstone.  3  Kumete, 

Fig.  39.  carved,  common  form;  i  well  carved 

with  male  and  female  figures:  loc.eit.  Taf.  viii.,4.  2  Taiaha. 
2  Patu  of  carved  wood.  2  Stone  adzes  with  handles.  2  Tewha- 
tewha  without  feathers.     Kauri  gum  head  ^i  life  size. 

*  September  16,  1S97,  by  royal  decree,  Herr  Schmeltz  was  appointed  Director  of  this  National 

Museum. 
fJThis  has  been  figured  in  the    Intei-tiatiouales  Archiv  fur  F.thnographie    Bd.  I.  Taf.   viii.,  but 

the  plate  gives  perhaps  its  original,  certainly  not  its  present  condition,  for  it  is  much  torn. 


Leiden.  3-^ 

Hervey  Islands. 
2  Carved  paddles  more  than  six  feet  long;   2  of  common  size.      8 
Ceremonial  adzes. 

Marquesas  Islands. 
6  Stilt-rests  of  fine  quality.      2  Stilt-rests  with   double  figures  at- 
tached back  to  back,  uniciue.       2  Paddles.     Paddle  with  twist  at 
the  end.      Fine  club  of  large  size. 

Fiji. 
Club    inlaid  with  five  human  molar  teeth.     Club  curiously  car\'- 
ed.     30  Clubs  usual  forms  and  quality.      7  Carved  spears.      Lali 
or  gong  of  good  size  and  finish.     Cannibal  fork.      Human  figure 
carved  in  wood.     2  Wigs. 

Admiralty  Islands. 
Wooden  dish  or  box.     2  Obsidian  lance-heads. 

Nezv  Ireland. 
Can-ed  figures  and  masks  in  great  number.     7  Masks  of  human 
frontal  bones.      12  ±  Chalk  images. 

Nezv  Guinea. 
Fine  human  figure.  2  Shields,  hour-glass  form.  2  Shields  of 
heavy  wood,  round;  another  curved.  Many  elaborately  carv^ed 
Koroicaars.  Pillows,  Drums, —  and  in  short  a  very  large  colledl- 
ion  impossible  to  catalogue  in  the  few  hours  available  owing  to 
its  very  crowded  condition. 

New  Caledonia. 
Death  mask.     3  Disk  clubs  and  many  of  bird-bill  and  knob  form. 

Solomon  Islands. 
Small  car\"ed  and  inlaid  food  bowl.      2  Clubs  Gleichenia  covered. 
Shield  inlaid  with  pearl-shell  .squares  but  much  dilapidated. 

At  the  last  moment  attention  was  called  to  a  fine  carved  Ton- 
gan  club  (figured  in  the  Archiv  Bd.  I.  Taf.  vii.);  Tongan  car\^ed 
rest;  large  drums  and  a  wood  fiddle  from  New  Ireland.  No  doubt 
many  other  things  escaped  notice  in  this  great  collecftion. 

At  Brussels  vain  search  was  made  for  a  feather  cape  said  to 
be  in  the  Municipal  Museum. 

Berne  was  the  home  of  Waber  (  augliee  Webber  ),  the  artist 
of  Cook's  third  voyage,  and  to  the  museum  of  his  native  town  were 
bequeathed  the  many  articles  he  brought  home  from  the   Pacific 

O.P.— B.P.B.M.  c 


34 


Berne. 


Fig.  40.     Berne  Museum. 


Region.     These  have  been  better  preserved  than  the  spolia  brought 
by  other  members  of  the  expedition  and  are  now  in  the  fine  build- 
ing of  the  Berne  Municipal  Museum.     With  these  relics  are  exhib- 
ited a  miniature  and   an   oil  painting  of  the  artist.      Like  all  speci- 
mens  from   the  "South    Seas"  in  early  days  Waber's  have  either 
originally  or  in  the  course  of  time  been  sadly  mislabelled. 
Haii'aiian  Islands. 
Feather  cloak  about  60  inches  long  of  iiici  ornamented  with  tri- 
angular figures  of  00  feathers.      It  was  in  fair  condition  sealed  in 
a  glass  case  within  the  exhibition  case.     It  was  impossible  to  ex- 
amine it.      Feather  helmet  of  ordinary  form  red  with  yellow  crest. 
2  Feather  leis,  red,  black,  and  yellow.      Ulumaika  of  white  stone. 
5  Shark  hooks  with   bone  tips.      2  Niho   palaoa   much   decayed; 
the  smaller  of  bone  (?).     Kupee  of  bone  and  tortoise-shell;  an- 
other of  boar  tusks  (fragment).     2  Anklets  of  network  covered 
with  white  shells.     Dagger  of  kauila   slim   and  flattish.     L,ei  of 


Berne. 


35 


30  fine   Carelia  shells    (  labelled  "Society   Islands").     Knife  of 

kauila  with  one   shark  tooth. 

Niihau  mat  figured  but  much 

faded.      Knife  of  kauila  with 

6  teeth:    through  the  handle  a 

square    braid    of    olond    cord. 

Tortoise-shell  rings    with  one 

shark  tooth  neath'  rivetted  to 

the  junction  of  the  flat  bands;  a 

murderous  weapon  used  as  a 

leiomano.   Not  known  elsewhere.  Fig.  41. 

Maa  or  sling  of  braided  fibre  cords  and  a  closely  plaited  cap.    3 

Kapas  fine  white;   another  chocolate   and  brown.     Coconut  cup. 

Society  Islands. 
Cylindrical   corded  drum,    probably  Tongan.     Wooden  spatula. 
Tatuing  implements.     Sunshades  of  fibre.     Fig.  42.     Gorget  of 


Fig.  42.  Fig.  43. 

the  usual  Tahitian  form  (See  the  fine  example  shown  in  Pl.II.). 
Adz  attached  to  handle  by  braid  of  hau  fibre.  Fig.  43.  Adz  han- 
dle without  stone.  Adz  of  much  smaller  size,  but  complete. 
Bambu  flute  ringed  with  braid,  decorated  with  hviman  figures. 
(Tongan  ?)  Network  about  44  X  8  inches,  fine  with  red  and 
green  figures.  Mat  woven  black  and  red  with  fringed  edges. 
Fly-flap  with  bone  handle.  Breast  ornament  of  strips  of  pearl- 
shell:  six  rows  of  varying  wddth.  Necklace  of  black  seeds  alter- 
nating with  white  shell  disks.  Satchel  with  flap  cover.  Pearl- 
shell  ornaments  probabl}-  the  remains  of  a  breast-plate. 

Tongan  Islands. 
Curious  basket  wnth  white  shell  disks  (  a  few  are  black  )  at  all 
junctions  of  the  brown  and  black  triangles  forming  the  pattern 
of  the  plaiting  as  shown  in  Fig.  66, Pi. XVI.     Carv^ed  club  of  fine 
workmanship,    human    figures.     2   Plaited  satchels.     Pan-pipe 


36 


Berne. 


with  lo  irregular  reeds.  Braided  cloak  with  fringe.  Plaited 
cape  with  border  resembling  Maori  work.     Two  mat  capes  with 

braided  fringe.  2  Kapas  with  brown 
figures  and  white  border  resembling  the 
Samoan.  Long  strings  of  bird  bones. 
Fine  pandanus  mat  from  W  aber.  Neck- 
lace of  the  rims  of  Patella  shells  on  twist- 
ed cord.  Wooden  pillow  of  a  form  in- 
tended to  keep  the  sleeper  to  his  proper 
place  on  the  common  mat.  Fig.  44,  PI. 
XVII.  Oblong  basket,  black  plaiting 
^  with  brown  decorations.  3  Long  strings 
of  dark  brown  shells.  Square  basket  of 
unusual  weaving.  Openwork  mats  of 
curious  pattern.  Fig.  45. 
Fig.  45.  Neiv  Zealand. 

Greenstone  mere.  2  Greenstone  adzes.  3  Ear  pendants  of  the 
same  material.  3  Bone  needles.  Stone  used  for  breaking  an 
enemy's  canoe.     Fig.  46.     Fish-hook. 

Fiji. 
Three  carved  spears.  3  Clubs;  musket  form; 
3  knobbed;  i  throwing.  Whale  tooth  orna- 
ment. 2  Necklaces,  one  with  9,  the  other  with 
29  cachelot  teeth.  War  paddle.  4  Stone  adzes. 
2  Adzes  short  and  with  handles.  Bambu 
pillow  [Samoan  ?].  2  Spoons  of  turtle  bone. 
Net  with  stone  sinkers  and  wood  floats.  2  Pil- 
lows of  wood,  common  form. 

Solomon  Islands. 
Canoe  figures.     Club  covered  with   braid  and 
labelled  "Chief's  club,  Samoa". 

Neiv  Caledonia. 
Club  of  wood  with  stellate  head.      2  Clubs,  bird-bill  form,  small. 
2  Clubs  common    knobbed  form.      2  Fringe  dresses.      Braid  cov- 
ered calabashes.     Fan.     Sling  and  5  sling-stones. 

Raroto7igan  show  adz.  Samoan  canoe  model. 

So  many  specimens  were  incorrectly  labelled  that  it  was 
impossible  to  include  everything  in  this  list,  but  all  of  importance 
have,  it  is  believed,  been  noticed.     The  landscape  beauties  of  this 


Fig.  46. 


Bcrnc — Paris 


37 


region,  the  river  fed  by  glaciers,  the  apple  orchard  in  full  blossom, 
and  the  snowy  peaks  of  the  Jungfrau  range  rendered  competition 
hard  even  in  the  case  of  so  interesting  a  museum.  Dr.  Ed.  von 
Fellenberg,  the  Curator  was  absent,  but  he  has  since  kindly  sent 
to  me  a  biographical  sketch  of  Waber. 

Next  in  order  came  Paris  the  home  of  Broca  and  once  the 
chief  dwelling  place  of  Anthropology  and  Ethnology.  Paris  is 
still  rich  in  the  material  with  which  these  two  sciences  are  illus- 
trated and  studied,  but  unfortunately  for  your  direcflor  the  time 
was  not  propitious  for  his  visit.  At  the  Jardin  des  Plantes  the 
collections  were  being  removed  to  a  new  building  and  at  the  Tro- 
cadero  the  division  of  Oceanic  was  not  yet  in  order  for  public  in- 
specftion  in  spite  of  the  efforts  of  the  distinguished  Director  M. 
Hamy.  The  first  collection  visited  was  that  installed  in  an 
attic  of  the  Palace  of  the  Louvre, — the  Musee  de  Marine.  Here 
everything  is  utterly  without  scientific  arrangement,  and  the 
rich  treasures  are  scattered  here 
and  there,  sometimes  arranged  in 
rosettes  on  the  ceiling  where  they 
cannot  be  studied,  or  as  trophies 
on  the  walls  where  military,  domes- 
tic and  musical  instruments  are 
grouped    together   for    effedl,    and 

equallv    useless    to    the     student.  ^. 

Fig.  47. 
Without  an  opera  glass  one  could 

not  examine  those  on  the  ceilng,  so  they  are  left  out  of  the  follow- 
ing enumeration  If  all  the  choice  articles  from  the  Pacific  scat- 
tered simpl}-  as  curiosities  through  the  Parisian  museums  could  be 
brought  together  in  one  properly  arranged  building  it  would  indeed 
be  a  rare  collection  demanding  the  repedlful  attention  of  every 
ethnologist. 

Hazi'aiian  Islands. 

Helmet  with  five  knobs  on  the  partly  detached  crest  (Guimard). 

Fig.  47.     2  Common  helmets,  featherless.     2  Helmets  with  elab- 


28  Paris. 

orate  crests,  cup  with  red  feathers,  top  of  crest  yellow  (lyegoar- 
and.)     Bambu  ruling  pen  for  kapa  marking. 

Marquesas  Islands. 
Carved  wooden  bar  lo  ft.  2  in.  long,  used  to  hang  clothes  on  in 
the  house.  2  Fans  with  carved  handles.  Helmet  of  black  hair. 
Crown  of  bone,  tortoise-shell  and  pearl-shell  well  car\'ed  or  en- 
graved, the  bone  apparently  human.  [Similar  ones  are  in  the 
Bishop  Museum.]  Pair  of  good  stilt-rests  attached  to  poles  for 
use.  Box  in  red  and  black.  Idol  about  12  inches  high  and  i 
inch  wide.     Figure  tatued  and  dressed.     4  rude  stilt-rests. 

Tonga  11  Islands. 
Wooden  pillow  of  usual  form.     3  Kava  bowls.     Gong  like  Vitian 
lalo.     Models  of  houses.     Carved  food  dish  with  a  long  handle 
at  one  end. 

Society  Islands. 
Fine  drum.     Yellow  kapa  with  red  imprints  of  acftual  fern  leaves, 
a  common  Tahitian  form. 

Gam  bier  Islands. 
A  long  cylindrical  gong  (Astrolabe). 

Easter  Island  ( Rapanui ) . 
2  Small  male  figures,  one  with  the  head  turned  to  one  side,  an 
unusual  treatment. 

New  Zealand. 
Canoe  prow.     Bailer.     Canoe  model,  good.     2  Wooden  whistles. 
Cloak  of  Kiwi  feathers.     Greenstone  adze  about    15  inches  long 
of  fine  workmanship  (the  largest  seen  in  any  mUvSeum).     Model 
of  house.     3  Heitikis.     Jade  earring. 

Nezv  Caledonia. 
2  Short  adzes  with  handles.      [lyike  Fig.  33.] 

Fiji. 
Magnificent   spear   about    15   feet  long  carved  and  banded  with 
sennit:  a  series  of  barbs  the  lowest  6  inches  in  diameter.     Many 
clubs  of  pineapple  and  other  forms. 

New  Hebrides. 
Fine  tree-drum  with   human  (?)  head.     The   only  one  seen  in 
any  museum,   and   this   rare   specimen   was  in   a   dark   corner. 
Relief  maps  of    Tahiti    and  Vanikoro.     Models  of  many  canoes 
made  by  Europeans  mostly  and  of  little  ethnological  value. 

In  the  Trocadero  the  room  devoted  to  Oceanic  was  not  open 
to  the  public,  but  from  Dr.  Hamy  it  was  ascertained  that  there  was 


/\iris.  -jq 

little  or  nothing  from  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  but  a  good  collecT;iou 
from  the  Marquesas.  From  Alaska  were  stone  pounders  closely 
resembling  the  common  Hawaiian  and  also  the  Tahitian  poi 
pounders:  while  from  Mexico  were  corn  crushers  quite  like  the 
ring  pounders  (pohakii  puka)  of  Kauai. 

At  the  Jardin  des  Plantes  there  were  indications  of  waning 
interest  or  appropriations,  or  perhaps  both.  A  great  point  has 
been  made  of  casts  or  models  of  various  races,  but  most  of  these 
had  been  removed  from  the  ancient  galleries, — the  Hottentot  Venus 
being  left  almost  alone  in  her  glory.  Replicas  of  most  of  these 
were  seen  in  the  next  museum  visited.  There  w^ere  many  crania 
and  skeletons,  indeed  a  choice  collection  if  the  labels  can  be 
trusted.  From  the  Hawaiian  Islands  there  remained  a  Lei  palaoa 
and  other  specimens  of  human  hair.  From  Ne\v  Zealand  w^ere  5 
dried  heads  with  moko.  In  the  Musee  de  Botanique  w^as  a  poor 
specimen  of  Argyroziphimn  (Silver-sword).  Paintings  and  models 
of  tropical  fruits  were  of  great  interest  and  value.  In  the  immense 
Herbarium  are  the  choice  colledlions  of  Jules  Remj'  from  Hawaii, 
and  many  specimens  from  other  parts  of  the  Pacific,  but  there  was 
no  time  to  enter  this  rich  field. 

At  the  Hotel  des  Invalides  in  rather  a  dark  apartment  was 
the  Galerie  Ethnographique  of  the  Musee  d'Artillerie.  Here  were 
replicas  of  the  models  of  the  Jardin  des  Plantes,  the  following  being 
the  more  noticeable  ones: 

20,  21  New  Caledonian  colored  and  dressed. 

22,  23  Australian. 

25  Admiralty  Islander. 

27  Solomon  Islander. 

32  Caroline  Islander  with  coconut  armor  of  the  Gilbert  Islands 
and  a  Vitian  spear.  The  catalogue  notes  the  figure  as  the 
gift  of  M.  Ballieu,  FVench  Consul  at  Honolulu,  and  it  will 
be  remembered  that  it  was  this  gentleman  who  sent  to 
France  the  interesting  idol  discovered  in  a  cave  on  Hawaii. 
This  idol  I  could  not  find.      [Probably  in  the  Trocadero.] 

37  Hawaiian  with  feather  helmet  of  common  form  in  black  and 
vellow  feathers,  leis  and  cloak  the  feathers  of  the  last  too  far 


40  Pa  lis — London . 

gone  to  clearly  demark  the  pattern  in  red  and  yellow.  The 
figure  is  tatued  in  checks  and  in  one  hand  holds  a  Tahitian 
spear,  in  the  other  a  ceremonial  carved  adze  from  Mangaia, 
Herve}'  Islands.  A  mat  malo  from  some  other  locality 
covers  his  loins.  The  following  is  a  translation  of  the  cata- 
logue description:  "When  the  Hawaiian  Islands  were  dis- 
covered there  was  found  there  a  sovereign  enjoying  all  the 
prerogatives  and  surrounded  by  the  etiquette  which  belongs 
to  roj^alt}'.  He  had  a  guard  clothed  with  sumptuous  man- 
tles of  feathers  of  great  value .  Our  figure  wears  one  of  these 
mantles  of  which  the  foundation  made  of  cord  has  a  feather 
at  each  knot.  These  feathers  are  taken  from  a  little  bird 
colored  red,  yellow  and  black  belonging  to  the  Souimanga 
[Honey-suckers]  famil}-,  and  it  can  be  seen  how  manj-  of 
these  birds  were  required  to  make  the  mantle.  Another 
.strange  thing  is  that  the  king's  guards  wear  a  helmet  recall- 
ing the  Greek  casques.  The  Musee  du  lyouvre  contains 
some  very  curious  ones:  ours  is  covered,  as  we  learn  from 
our  explorers,  with  a  feather  stuff  like  that  of  tne  mantles. 
These  warriors  had  the  body  tatued  in  checks  of  .square, 
triangular  or  lozenge  form.  The  Hawaiians  are  now  civil- 
ized, but  in  memory  of  ancient  times  the  king  still  has 
four  heralds  dressed  in  the  traditional  feather  helmet  and 
mantle." 

These  are  all  of  the  models  from  the  Pacific  Region  worth 
notice  and  if  the  others  are  as  inaccurate  as  the  representative  of 
Hawaii*  the  collection  is  ver\'  misleading.  Many  unclassified 
arms  are  on  the  walls  and  in  cases,  among  them  a  fine  ceremonial 
adze  from  Mangaia;  a  Marquesan  paddle;  2  fine  Solomon  Islands 
longiels;  Fijian  Pineapple  club  and  war  paddle;  a  New  Caledonian 
Jade  disk  club  and  2  short  adzes,  and  one  with  a  large  stem  that 
seems  not  to  belong  to  it. 

Crossing  the  Channel  we  find  the  same  condition  of  things 
as  in  Paris,  in  that  the  colle6lions  are  scattered  and  in  so  far  of 
diminished  value,  instead  of  being  united  in  one  grand  Museum  of 
Ethnology.     It  is  unfortunate   for  ethnology  that  so  rich  a  nation 

*The  Hawaiian  figure  is  e\'idently  copied  from  the  figure  in  one  of  the  French  Voyages. 


London.  II 

as  England  shoukl  not  fnul  the  means  to  build  a  palace  worthy  of 
the  treasures  her  explorers  ha^'e  brought  home,  which  are  now 
laid  aside  for  want  of  room  in  a  museum  where  ethnology  is  of  very 
secondary  importance,  or  exhibited  in  dark  rooms  with  insufficient 
labels  and  no  catalogue  for  the  visitor,  or  scattered  through  museum 
buildings  intended  for  other  puposes  and  often  grandly  fulfilling 
those  purposes. 

In  the  South   Kensington   Industrial    Museum  are  two  fine 

Maori  carved    canoe    prows    deposited  by  H.  R.  H.  the    Duke  of 

Edinburgh  to  whom  they  were  given  while  he  was  in  New  Zealand. 

In  the  Kew  Garden  Museums   are   the   following  from    Hawaii: — 

A  Lagcnaria  gourd  of  the  largest  size  with  cover  and  net.     Many 

kapas    wrongly    attributed;     seeds  of  Gardenia  brighaniii.     From 

Fiji  a  fine  coconut  fibre  model  of  a  temple    given    by  Dr.  Berthold 

Seemann   the    distinguished  botanist:     The  Royal  United  Sennce 

Museum    in    Whitehall  Palace  has  a  very  interesting  ethnological 

colleclion    of    which    the    Secretary  of  the  Club  kindly  permitted 

photographs  to  be  taken.     Arranged  on  the  walls  of   the  entrance 

are  many  fine  spears  and  clubs. 

Haicaiian  Islands. 

Helmet  of  good  form  with   broad   crest,  of  plaited  rush,  with  no 

signs  of  feathers.     Hula  drum  of  admirably  carved  coconut  wood 

and  with  shark-skin  head.     Kjipee  ilia  or  anklet  of  dog-teeth  of 

large  size  but  discolored  and  dilapidated.     2  Boar  tusk  bracelets, 

one  of  entire  teeth  the  other  of  cut  ones.     Newa  of  kauila  wood. 

Stem  of  a  coconut  tree  "pierced  by  two  musket  balls"  during  the 

Cook  episode    (Capt.  H.  W.  Bruce).     Knife  of   Shark-teeth  of 

unusual  form,  open  in  the  middle,  with  9  teeth  on  each  side  and 

one  at  the  end.     Another  of  common  form  with  8  teeth. 

N'ew  Zealand. 
Mere  of  greenstone  19  inches  long;  another  almost  as  large;  5  of 
common   form;     2   of    jade.     4  Patu  of    carved   wood,   3  patu  of 
whale  rib.     3  Jade  adzes.     Canoe  stern,  rather  small.    4  Taiaha, 
labelled  paddles.     2  Tewhatewha  or  battle  axes. 

Tonga7i  Isla7ids. 
Drum  of  wood  the  lower  half  of  the  cylinder  elaborate!}-  can-ed, 
as  are  the  knobs  for  attaching  the  cords  which  tighten  the  drum- 


42  London,  British  Museum. 

head.  Clubs  fineh'  carved;  a  small  one  in  the  case  of  relics  of 
Captain  Cook  is  labelled  "given  by  the  king  of  Owhyhee  to  Capt. 
Cook."     Paddles,  large  and  well  carved. 

Society  Islands. 
Stone  adze  with  handle.     Several  spears. 

Marqjicsas  Islands. 
2  clubs  of  the  finest  quality.      2  Paddles,  long  and  good. 

Gilbert  Islands. 
Suit  of  coconut  fibre  armor  with  the  curious  shark -teeth  weapons 
for  the  fore-arm  with  nine  longitudinal  rows  of  teeth.     A  suit  of 
similar  armor  from  Nawodo  has  a  hemisherical  cap  and  an  up- 
right cape  like  those  in  Berlin  and  Hamburg. 

Solomon  Islands. 
2  reed  shields,  one  rectangular,  the  other  with  rounded  corners. 
Several  bows.     Clubs  with  the  fern  plaited  covering  almost  gone. 

Fiji . 
6  War  paddles.     Club,  musket  pattern,  of  immense  size;   5  com- 
mon ditto;    II  Knobbed;   3  Pinapple;    11  Throwing;   a  round  one 
3^  inches  in  diameter.* 

From  Niue  several  paddles:  from  New  Guinea  a  bow  of  bambu: 
and  from  the  Admiralty  Islands  spears  with  obsidian  points. 
Mr.J.  Edge-Partington  was  corre(5ling  the  mistakes  in  the  labels. 

The  massive  building  in  Great  Russell  street  which  con- 
tains the  sculptures,  library,  ethnological  and  art  collecflions  of  the 
British  Museum  has  in  its  very  entrance  porch  two  of  the  Easter 
Island  stone  figures,  of  one  of  which  the  Bishop  Museum  has 
photographs.  Within  the  gloomy  building  with  long  galleries 
lighted  only  from  above,  and  in  a  London  atmosphere  of  course 
badly  lighted,  are  crow^ded  most  astonishing  collecftions  from  the 
Pacific  Region.  A  very  important  part  is  the  loan  b}'  the  London 
Missionary  Society  of  the  many  rarities  brought  to  England  by  the 
late  Rev.  William  Ellis  and  other  missionaries;  This  is  perhaps 
the  cream  of  the  collecftion  from  Polynesia. 

Hazi'aiian  Islands. 
Feather  cloak,  red  with  yellow  rhombs;  another  red  with  3'ellow 

*The  Bishop  Museum  has  a  round  Vitian  club  ii  in.  in  circumference,  44  1-2  in.  long  and 
weighing  12  1-2  pounds.     (No.  1033.) 


Loudon,   British  Muse  ion. 


43 


circles  with  red  centres*.  2  Helmets,  once  feathered  (Meyrick 
Collecl:ion).  4  Helmets  with  feathers  in  good  condition;  2  Hel- 
mets from  \'ancouver's  colledtion,  in  fair  condition  with  feathers. 
Helmet  of  wicker  work  and  detached  crest.  Kukailimoku 
(Leverian  Mnsennl).  4  Knkailimoku,  one  of  them  figured  by- 
Cook.  Many  feather  leis.  2  Rectangular  feather  mats  possibly 
used  by  the  kahuna  or  priest  as  a  mat  for  the  idol  or  aumakua . 
2  large  idols  of  wood  (Black  ohia?).  Curious  wooden  idol  with 
helmet:  there  are  no  legs  and  it  was  apparently  carried  on  a  pole 
as  was  the  god  Kukailimoku.  It  is  covered  neatly  with  kapa 
like  some  idols  from  the  Marquesas.  Fig.  49,  PI.  XII.  An- 
other wooden  idol  with  the  peculiar  form  of  trimmed  hair  called 
mahiolc.  Fig.  50,  PI.  XII.  Wooden  idol  with  wide  mouth  w^ell 
armed  with  teeth  and  with  head  slightly  reverted.  Fig.  51,  PI. 
XII.  Wooden  idol  somewhat  larger  with  human  hair.  2  Wooden 
heads  of  images,  probably  idols.  Idol  of  stone  and  fragments  of 
another  from  Necker  Island,  taken  thence  by  ofhcers  of  H.  M.  S. 
Champion.  Aumakua.  5  Kahili,  small  with  bone  and  tortoise- 
shell  handles;  8  Stone  mirrors,  good.  5  Kupee  or  bracelets  of  boar 
teeth,  large  (Vancouver).  6  Ditto,  with  tortoise-shell.  Niho 
palaoa  (W.  Ellis);  7  Common  Niho  palaoa;  one  with  4  small 
bone  or  shell  nihos,  and  a  similar  one  with  6 
little  nihos.  2  Nihos  small  and  broad.  Leis  of 
small  red,  white  and  black  shells  [tV].  Leis 
of  Strongylodon  luciduni  and  shells  of  Patella  stri- 
ata [V];  Leis  of  Cyprcra  moneta  [V];  Leis  of 
Conus  [V].  Hula  drum  of  coconut  wood  with 
shark-skin  head;  another  without  head.  Hula 
drum  of  coconut  wood  well  car\-ed.  Large 
feathered  hula  rattle  ( Uliuli  hula).  2  Kupee 
hula  with  rows  of  brown  and  white  Melawpus 
shells;  2  of  black  beans  (Strongylodon  lucidum); 
2  of  dog-teeth  ( niho  ilio ) ;  another  of  dog-teeth 
[V].  Drum  of  coconut  wood  on  which  is  bound  a  coconut  drum 
(Puni  hula).  Fig.  48.  2  Ipuhokiokio.  6  le  kuku  or  Kapa 
beaters;  3  le  kuku  [V].  2  Pa'u  boards,  the  larger  one  said  to 
have  been  given  to  Captain  Beechey  by  Queen  Pomare  (Tahiti). 

*  Colored  drawings  were  obtained  of  seventeen  feather  cloaks  and  capes,  which  will  be 
described  in  another  publication. 

t  V  stands  for  Vancouver  CoUecflion. 


Fig.  48. 


44 


London,  British  Musenni. 


Cleaner  for  Pa'u  board.  5  Ohe  kapalapala,  common;  another 
with  die  of  tortoise  shell.  14  Ulumaika,  all  but  one  white.  Ipu 
aina  with  human  teeth.  Ipu  kuha  or  spitton,  square.  Umeke  of 
wood  with  cover.  5  Huewai  pawehe;  2  ditto  [V].  Board  for 
scraping  olona.  2  Poi  pounders,  common;  one  of  ring  form 
(Pohaku  puka).  Stone  lamp,  common  form.  Coil  of  waoke 
rope,  square  braid.  2  Gourds,  long.  Man}'  stone  adzes,  4  with 
handles.  2  Umeke  covered  with  plaited  roots  of  i^i^fFreycinctia 
arnottii).     Inamona    dish    of    wood,     crescent-shaped.     Carved 

female  figure  for  seat.  Fig.  56,  Pi.  XIII. 
Kukui  nut  candle.  Carved  bowl  with 
two  human  figures  for  support.  Fig.  51 , 
Pi.  12.  3  Tobacco  pipes.  Kilu  or  top 
of  ipu  pawehe.     Small  mirror  in  wood 

^_^ frame  on  top  of  which  are  carved  two  min- 

^/^tL~    — ^->-^  iature  tobacco  pipes.     Fig.  53.     Double 

^  canoe  model;  model  of  single  canoe,  no 

outrigger.     2  Car\'ed  figures  for  fishpole 
Carved    canoe   rest  [V].     Common  paddle. 


Fig-  53- 


rests  m  a  canoe. 
Newa  or  hand  club  of  basalt;  one  of  kauila  wood;  one  of  kauila 
[V];  ditto  with  stone  head  [V].  2  Ihe  pahee,  large  and  good. 
3  Swords  of  kauila  wood  with  cord  lashes.  6  Pahu,  long  and 
fiat  with  distinct  handles.  15  Throwing  spears  (Ihe).  Maa  or 
sling-stone.  5  Barbed  spears,  the  barbs  carv^ed  from  the  thick- 
ness of  the  wood.  Small  ipu  le'i  to  contain  fish-hooks.  Many 
fish-hooks.  10  Wicker  disks  covered  with  feathers  and  with 
shell  and  wood  knobs:  use  unknown.  5  lyciomano;  2  Leiomano 
[V];  7  Leiomano  or  shark-teeth  cutters.  Fig.  58.  2  Rude 
knives  of  shark -teeth,  one  open.  Shark  hooks.  Sinker  for 
squid  hook.  2  Short  knives  of  shark-teeth.  Fans  of  ancient 
form.     Fig.  61,  PI.  XIV. 

Ncio  Zealand. 
6  Kumara  (C.  batatas)  spades,  common  form  but  some  with  well 
carved  rests;  several  detached  rests.  12  Tikis  or  images  of  large 
size.  4  Carved  slabs.  2  Carved  slabs  for  Pataka  or  food-.store. 
3  Door  caps  finely  car\'ed;  2  carved  door  posts.  2  Canoe  stern- 
posts,  carved.  4  Canoe  models.  2  Paddles,  common.  2  "Bull 
roarers".  13  Tatuing  implements.  6  carv^ed  funnels  for  feeding 
chiefs   during   the    moku  or  face  tatuing.     Carved  genealogical 


London,   Ihitisli   Miiscm 


45 


li'i  MiniiiiiilMffir^    11         ^ 


Fig.  58.     Hawaiian  Shark-tooth  Implements. 

stick.  2  Balls  for  the  game  of  Poi .  4  Dried  and  mokued  hvi- 
man  heads.  8  Tikis,  small.  Mussel  Dredge.  24  Taiaha  and 
many  duplicates.  8  Tewhatewha  or  battle-axes.  13  Mere  of 
jade.  28  Jade  adzes.  7  Jade  chisels.  28  Jade  Heitikis.  2  He- 
itikis  of  human  skull.  Many  earrings  both  of  jade  and  of  bone. 
3  Carved  adze  handles.  29  Carved  Kumetes  (Boxes  for  orna- 
ments), one  of  choice  work  ( Cook's  Voy. ) .  14  Carved  wood  and 
bone  short  whistles;  17  Carved  wood  whistles;  2  Whistles  of 
plain  wood.  2  Knives  of  jade  for  trimming  priest's  hair.  2  Dong 
trumpets  and  another  much  shorter.  2  Trumpets  of  Triton  shell 
with  carved  mouth -pieces.  Kete  of  common  kind.  4  Carved 
sacrificial  knives  with  shark-teeth  on  one  edge,  the  teeth  very 
serrate  and  of  a  kind  not  seen  elsewhere.  Fig.  62,  PI.  XIV. 
2  Cloaks  of  Kiwi  feathers.     Many  common  cloaks    and  capes  of 


46  London,   British  H/nseion. 

Pho7'miiim  flax.  4  Heru  or  combs  of  bone,  common  form.  Green- 
stone adzes  in  great  number.  Wooden  shark  hook  carved  all 
over.  Whale-tooth  ornament  for  the  brea.st,  engraved  with  hu- 
man face. 

Society  Islands. 
Warrior's  belt  of  small  bones  strung  lengthwise.  Pearl-shell 
breast  ornament.  4  Sacrificial  or  temple  lamps,  attributed  in- 
correctly to  the  Hawaiian  Islands.  Fig.  60,  PI.  VI.  I^arge 
wooden  god;  another,  hollow,  with  man)'  small  figures  all  over 
it  (See  Ellis,  Poly.  Res.).  Wooden  shrine  for  Tii  va/iinc.  Dress 
cap  of  feathers  and  Ovulian  shells.  lyOng  C3-lindrical  wooden  gong 
with  longitudinal  slit,  well  carved.  3  Wooden  drums  like  the 
Hawaiian.  Full  dress  for  mourner  (  Figured  in  Cook's  Voyage. ) 
3  Gorgets  of  feathers  and  shark-teeth  on  a  fibre  net.  See  Pi.  II. 
Man}-  bambu  flutes.  Breast  ornament  of  feathers  and  square  bits  of 
white  shell.  2  Pillows  of  bi-colored  Pandanns  leaves.  10  Basalt 
poi  pounders,  very  well  made.  5  Wooden  images,  various  treat- 
ment. 5  Kapa  beaters.  2  Sunshades  (See  Fig.  48,  p.  34).  4 
Wooden  stools,  well  cut.  2  Wooden  boxes  for  chief's  orna- 
ments: 2  smaller  similar  boxes.  I^arge  wickerwork  head-dress 
from  Ulietea  (See  Cook's).  14  Mounted  stone  adzes,  common 
form.  3  Wooden  pillows  like  the  stools  but  lighter.  2  Gods  of 
open  car\'ed  wood  from  Mitiara.  Bambu  quivers  with  arrows 
(origin  uncertain).  Bailer  for  canoe.  2  Large  wooden  shark 
hooks.  Netting  needle  24  inches  long.  4  Wooden  adzes  for 
cutting  Breadfruit.'  Large  weapon  edged  with  shark-teeth  car- 
ried by  mourner.  Pa'u  board  exadlly  like  the  Hawaiian  one 
"given  by  Queen  Pomare  to  Capt  Belcher". 

Samoan  /stands. 
Pump  Drill,  fine.  Many  fans  without  variety.  Assortment  of 
Tatuing  implements.  Baskets  of  common  work.  3  Frontlets  of 
Double  rows  of  Nautilus  shell.  Upete.  Human  hair  belts.  2 
Stone  adzes  with  handles.  13  Stone  adzes  in  the  rough.  Wooden 
thatching  needle. 

A/^itie. 
6  Paddle  clubs.     5  Projedliles  of  stalactite,  .several  too  large  to  be 
held  in  the  hand.     Many  spears  with  two  prongs;  many  common 
spears.     Spear   with    "stag   horn"    head.     Fig.  68,   PI.  XVII. 


I.oiuioii,   Biitisli  Muse  Kill. 


47 


Staff  or  pole.     2  Fish  nets  of  conical  form.     Canoe  model.    Kapa 
figured  and  with  long  fringe.     2  Kapa  beaters. 

Marquesas  Isla^ids. 
2  Pair  fine  .stilts,   complete.     Sticks  6  ft.  long,  2)2  in.  in  diame- 
ter, chafers  of  kapa.      8  Carved   stilt  rests,  2  of  them    dLstindlly 
male  figures.     6  Clubs  of  the  finest  kind. 
Fig.  64,  PI.  XYI.    6  Long  paddles.    Net 
for    gourd    container.      Several    slings. 
Kapas  from  Egmont  Island.     2  Gorgets 
of  wood    covered  with    beans   of  Abriis 
precatorius. 

Easter  Island  ( Rapanui ). 
2  Immense  stone  figures.  9  Male  and  two 
female  figures  well  car\'ed  from  drift- 
wood ;  Large  and  small  figure  both 
roughh'  carv'ed.  2  Carved  birds  and 
several  grotesques.  Carded  human  hand. 
5  Small  dance  paddles.  Obsidian  lance 
heads.  Rope  of  human  hair.  5  Gorgets 
of  wood,  the  usual  crescent  form,  one  in- 
scribed with  hieroglyphs. 

Ton g an  Islands. 
Drum  52  inches  high,  car\-ed.  Cylindri- 
cal horizontal  gong.  5  Adzes.  14  Combs. 
7  Heavy  paddle-head  clubs.  Food  hook 
with  disk.  Mats  of  open  work.  Club 
with  tobacco  pipe  worked  through  the 
head.  2  Aprons  of  bird  bones  and  shells. 
2  Baskets  of  fine  sennit.  Fig.  66,  PI.  XVI, 
and  boxes  covered  with  basket  work. 
Large  kapa  beater.  Many  pillows  of 
carved  wood,  and  others  of  bambu  like 
the  Samoan.  Canoe  model.  Bows.  Many 
fish-hooks  of  the  usual  heavy  pattern. 

Hetvey  Islands. 
5  Car^^ed  food-scoops.  6  Gods  of  carved  wood.  Finely  car^-ed 
cylindrical  drum.  Fig.  65,  PI.  XVI.  22  Carv^ed  paddles,  one 
with  double  end,  4  with  flat  heads,  the  rest  with  rosettes;  about 
a  dozen  duplicate  paddles,  smaller,  4  Car\'ed  "District  gods". 
Feather  caps.      10  Ceremonial  adzes,    .short;     10  long  ones,  and 


Fig.  63. 


48  London,   British  Museum. 

one   five    feet   long.     Kapas   with    black    figures.     2  Stalacflite 
pounders. 

Gambicr  Islands.  L,arge  paddle. 

Paumotu  A?'chipelago,  Manihiki . 
Paddle,  club  and  bowl  inlaid  with  pearl  shell  disks.    3  Carved 
wooden  bowls.     Soul  trap  of  large  size. 

Fiji. 
Cap  of  spider-web,  good  specimen.  62  Pots  of  various  shapes. 
5  Wigs  of  human  wool.  13  Clubs,  pine-apple  form;  31  Musket 
and  lotus  forms*;  13  Knobbed;  12  Throwing;  6  Round;  Many 
duplicates.  14  War  paddles  and  many  duplicates.  Several  or- 
namental paddles.  6  Yaqona  bowls.  Yaqona  bowl  given  by 
Cakabau,  44/2  in.  in  diameter! ;  the  largest  I  have  seen.  Model 
of  temple  in  sennit.  2  Kapa  roll  markers  of  bambu.  3  Carved 
food  hooks.  Ivali  or  gong,  good  size;  2  smaller.  Oil  dishes  in 
great  variety.  2  Rolls  of  sennit.  Tatuing  implements.  2  Kapa 
beaters.  Girdle  of  C>//'t'«  shells.  4  Cannibal  forks.  Stem  of  Shad- 
dock tree  in  which  are  imbedded  some  of  the  bones  of  a  chief  and 
his  son,  relics  of  a  cannibal  feast. 

Solomon  Islands. 
2  Food  dishes  of  large  size.  4  Clubs  covered  with  plaited  fern; 
many  common  clubs.  Package  of  Canarium  nut  food.  4  Pan- 
dean pipes,  one  of  irregular  fnrm.  8  Fish  floats.  6  Small  hu- 
man figures  in  wood.  Many  longiels  both  war  and  dance.  4 
Clubs,  San  Cristobal.  3  Clubs  of  unusual  form.  15  Adzes  with 
handles.  Ear-plugs  of  wood  with  inlaid  faces.  Sunshade  like 
Tahitian.  2  Jew's  harps  of  bambu.  Pump  drill  with  fly  of  un- 
common form;  another  with  the  spindle  of  palm  wood  bulging, 
fly  of  bone,  circular,  handle  of  bambu.  Inlaid  handle  of  club, 
stone  head  gone  +  .  4  Pieces  of  yellow  kapa;  also  some  red;  others 
blue.  Model  of  canoe.  2  Canoes  fineh'  decorated.  Chief's 
shield,  Florida.  {S&q  B)rncliley,  ]\y.  of  the  Cura^oa.)  Curved 
shield  inlaid  with  a  fret  of  pearl-shell  squares.  Wooden  shield. 
5  Shields  with  round  ends,  4  with  square  ends,  plain.  9  Paddles, 
pointed.  10  Paddles  ornamented,  some  oval.  6  Canoe  figures. 
16  Carved  bowls,   various   shapes.     Reed-woven  burial  hut  con- 

*  Among  these  the  beautiful  form  shown  in  Plate  XVIII. 

tThat  in  the  Bishop  Museum,  which  also  belonged  to  the  Vitian  king,  is  of  better  form 
but  only  32  3-4  inches  in  diameter. 

\  Like  No.  1373  in  Bishop  Museum. 


/ AVI  do  II ,   Ih  itisli   Museum . 


49 


taiuiug-    the    skull  of   a   cliiei   of    Rubiaua;   around  the  skull  are 
rings  of  Tridacna  shell.      i6  Choice  spears. 

A  tTi '  Ca  Icdon  ia . 
5  Disk  clubs  of  greenstone  or  jade.  4  Jade  adzes.  5  Short- 
handled  adzes.  2  Long-head  adzes.  Death  Mask,  in  poor  con- 
dition. 2  Kapa  mallets.  2  Corded  calabashes.  vSlings,  pouches 
and  sling-stones  galore.  Fish  net  with  shell  sinkers.  Many 
clubs.  Club  of  great  diameter.  Club  of  the  bird-bill  form  but 
double  like  a  pickaxe. 

y\V?i'  Hebrides. 
3  Santa   Cruz   fishing   floats.     4   Looms.     Large   human   figure. 
Clubs  of  common  form.      Banks  Island   kite   made   of   palm  leaf. 
Fig.  6g.     From  same   group  long  wooden  bowls 
and  2  obsolete  dresses  described  by  Codrington.* 

Micronesia . 
2  Suits  Gilbert  Islands  armor.  2  G.I.  Cuirasses. 
2  Gauntlets  armed  with  shark  teeth.  Human 
figure  in  wood  about  15  inches  high,  Pleasant 
Island.  Ualan  loom  of  rude  form.  Swords 
and  knives  of  shark  teeth  in  great  number. 
Kusaien  sword  in  bone  and  shark  teeth.  Nuku- 
laelae  club  or  axe  with  blade  of  turtle  bone. 
Rope  of  plaited  human  hair.  Caroline  Islands 
mat  bed.  3  Coconut  fibre  and  3  fish  skin  caps 
from  Gilbert  Islands. 

New  Ireland. 
7  Chalk  figures,  not  remarkable.   Wooden  fiddle  (New  Britain). 

From  Australia  and  New  Guinea  there  are  many  specimens, 
but  none  uncommon  or  not  to  be  found  in  most  good  colle(5lions, 
were  seen.  Among  other  most  interesting  things  examined  in  this 
great  museum  by  the  kindness  of  Mr.  O.  M.  Dalton,  were  the  vol- 
umes of  original  drawings  of  the  Cook  Voyages,  among  them  sev- 
eral pen  and  ink  sketches  by  the  great  Captain  himself.  Good 
copies  of  the  most  important  drawings  relating  to  the  Hawaiian 
Islands  are  in  the  Bishop  Museum.  Another  capital  thing  noticed 
here   is  the  very  skilfull  way  in  which  Mr.  Dalton  keeps  his  book 


Fig.  69. 


The  Melanesians,  p.  loS,  '\Walo-saru" . 


O.P.— B.P.B.M. 


50  Cambridge,  England. 

of  accessions,  making  a  pen  sketch  of  the  article  entered.  Where 
Curators  are  able  to  do  this  no  better  system  has  been  devised. 
The  accomplished  Director  C.  H.  Read,  Esq.  gave  me  every  facility 
for  examination  and  study. 

From  London  a  short    excursion  was  made  to  Cambridge. 
Back  of  the  Fitzwilliam  Museum,  reached  by  a  narrow  lane  squeezed 
out  of  the  edge  of  a  churchyard,    is   the    Archaeological   Museum, 
and  in  a  side  room  of  this  is  the  finest  colledtion  of    Fijian   articles 
in  anj'  museum.     This  was   made  by  Baron  von  Hiigel  who  was 
most  kind  in  explaining  the  specimens  and   offering  the  hospitality 
of  his  pleasant  home.     The  hope  may  properly  be  expressed  here 
that  Baron  von  Hiigel  will   soon   publish  the  results  'of  his  careful 
investigations  in  Vitian  ethnology.     The  following  list  includes  the 
most  noteworthy  contents  of  this  museum: 
Fiji. 
52  Clubs  knobbed,  3  of  them    inlaid,  10  bound   with    sennit;   23 
Pine-apple;   8  Lotus,  a  variety  of  musket;  58  Musket;  47  Round; 
28  Throwing.     28  Paddles,  one  bound  with  net,  17  carved.     65 
Spears  finely  carved,  some  bound  with  sennit.    84  Pots,  i  tripod, 
3  tortoise-shaped,  2  cooking  pots.      16  Carv^ed  wood  pillows;  an- 
other  carved    with   a  human  leg.      13  Kapa  beaters,  all  ribbed. 
Many  decorated  bambus.      18  Cannibal  forks,  one  the  original  of 
the  figure  on  the  cover  of  Miss  Gordon  Cumings'  "Fiji".  9  Nose 
flutes.     3    Bambu    marking    rolls.     4    Shark     hooks.     Netting 
needles.      13  Collars  of  whale  teeth.     49  Dishes  of  carved  wood. 
5  Yaqona  bowls.     8  Fish  hooks.     3  Trumpets    of    Triton    shell. 
8  Sets  of  tatuing  implements.     3  Upete  of  leaves;   i  of  wood.     2 
Girdles   of    Oliva    shells.     Necklace    of    ivory    human    figures 
(Alaska?).     41  Oil  dishes.     9  Combs  of  carved  wood.     5  Shell 
gorgets.     33  Wooden    dishes    on    stand.     3  Yaqona    strainers. 
Yaqona  cups  in  great  number.     3  Coconut  cups  with  coir  wipers 
attached.     2  Canoe    models.      12  Fans,  common  forms.     5  Wigs 
of  human  wool,  2  of  them  bleached.     Model  of  "Devil  House". 
Baskets  and  satchels  of  many  forms.     6  Fringe  dresses  and  many 
others  of  less  size.     Kapa  sulas,   not   remarkable.     Many  stone 
adzes . 

Hawaiian  Islands. 
Ring  Poi  pounder;  several  of  common  form.     A  number  of  stone 


Ca»ibridoi\  /{uo/a//d.  51 

adzes.  Kupee  hula  ilio.  Rupee  of  boar  tusks.  Huewai  pawehe, 
small  but  good. 

Marquesas  Islands.         Club  and  2  stilt  rests. 

Society  Islands. 
A  stone  Sorcery  Lamp  with  Rev.  Geo.  Bennett's  label  on  it,  and 
precisely  like  the  four  in  the  British  Museum  wrongly  attributed 
to  the  Hawaiian  Islands.     See  Fig.  60,  PI.  VI. 

Tongan  Islands.         3  Paddles  and  man}^  good  clubs. 

Sainoan  Isla)ids. 

2  Nautilus  shell  frontlets  and  several  clubs. 

Hcrvey  Islands.         6  Ceremonial  carved  paddles. 

Rapanni  ( Easter  Island). 
Double  paddle.     Gorget  of  wood,   usual  crescent  shape.     Image 
and  a  carved  lizard. 

Nezv  Zealand. 
Canoe  model.  Tata  or  bailer,  broken.  5  Taiaha.  4  Car\'ed  Ku- 
mete.  Dried  and  mokoed  head  of  good  quality.  Carved  funnel 
for  feeding  a  chief  while  being  mokoed.  Flax  pounder  with 
head  car\-ed  on  the  handle  of  the  stone.  3  Mere  of  bone;  i  of 
jade;   3  of  car^-ed  wood.     Patu  of  bone   and  a  small  one  of  wood. 

3  Tewhatewha.  Carved  whistle  or  fife.  2  Carved  whistles.  3, 
Paddles.  Prow  and  stern  of  war  canoe.  Jade  adze  in  carved 
handle.  9  Heitikis  of  jade.  2  Jade  ornaments.  Bone  heru  or 
comb.  5  Earrings  of  jade;  2  of -carved  bone.  Large  bowl. 
Chief's  staff. 

New  Guinea. 
II  Shields  of  wood;   4  of  hour-glass  form;   2  plaited. 

Solomon  Islands. 
Paddle   and   club,    both  plaited  with  fern.      Large  canoe  model. 

4  Shields.  4  Longiels.  Large  food  bowl  and  3  smaller  ones. 
3  Bows  and  man}-  arrows.     2  Canoe  figures. 

New  Caledonia . 
Death  ma.sk  in  poor  order.     Man}-  clubs  of  the  usual  patterns. 

Only  the  Vitian  portion  of  this  colledtion  is  fulh'  arranged 
owing  to  the  lack  of  room.  A  feather  cape  w^as  attributed  to  the.se 
Islands  but  is  undoubted!}-  of  Chinese  origin,  the  feathers  African. 

At  Saffron  Walden,  Audley  End,  .some  fourteen  miles  from 
Cambridge,  in  the  Museum  at  the  east  end  of  the  church  is  said  to 


.52 


Oxford. 


Fig.  70. 

Tae  a  feather  cape  from  the  Hawaiian  Islands.  Another  was  re- 
ported at  St.  Augustine's  College,  Canterbury.  It  was  also  learned 
here  that  at  Cirencester,  Belfast  and  Dublin  are  Hawaiian  imple- 
ments in  the  museums,  but  time  was  too  limited  to  explore  these 
localities. 

Another  excursion  was  made  to  Oxford  where  the  hospi- 
tality of  H.  Balfonr,  Esq.,  the  well-known  Curator  of  the  ethno- 
logical colle(5lions  made  that  attra(5tive  town  still  more  interesting. 
The  Pitt-Rivers  collecl:ion  forms  a  large  part  of  the  Ethnological 
Museum  which  is  of  great  extent  and  value,  but  the  arrangement, 
while  admirable  for  the  study  of  comparative  ethnology,  renders  an 
■enumeration  of  specimens  from  a  given  locality  almost  impossible 
in  a  limited  time.  Thus  the  different  methods  of  dressing  the  hair 
all  over  the  world  might  be  grouped  together;  the  musical  instru- 
ments, the  projectile  weapons,  the  means  of  generating  fire  would 
form  other  groups  and  this  would  be  possible  onh'  in  a  ver}^  exten- 
sive colle(ftion.  It  is  exceedingly  fortunate  that  all  museums  are 
not  arranged  on  identical  lines,  for  to  one  geographical  contiguity, 
to  another  racial   characfteristics,  while  to  a  third  the  comparative 


Oxford — South  K'nisim^foii.  c^ 

solution  of  problems  which  must  present  themselves  to  the  uncivil- 
ized human  beings,  is  the  objecftive  point  of  study.  If  then  the 
Oxford  Museum  occupies  but  a  meagre  space  in  this  report  it  is  not 
from  its  po\-erty  but  from  its  richness  which  defies  comprehension 
in  a  passing  visit.      Among  the  treasures  seen  were: 

Hawaiian  feather  helmet,  the  feathers  gone;  a  small  idol  of 
wood  and  some  fine  kapas.  A  bowl  of  large  size  from  the  vSolo- 
mon  Islands.  Fijian  and  Marquesan  clubs,  and  a  series  of  fine 
Pump-drills.  The  Fijian  lotus  clubs  (Fig.  70)  were  very  inter- 
esting. 

It  was  a  matter  of  deep  regret  that  illness  prevented  my 
seeing  Dr.  E.  B.  Tylor  to  whom  I  had  letters. 

Ax  Eltham  the  private  collecflion  of  J.  Edge  Partington, 
Esq.,  was  examined,  and  among  his  choice  things  were: 

Vitian  Yaqona  bowd  33  inches  in  diameter.  3  Marquesan  clubs. 
Maori  trumpet,  better  carved  than  any  seen.  New  Guinea  small 
car\-ed  wood  head  in  which  to  put  pubic  hairs. 

To  return  to  London.  In  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  are: 

3  Maori  mokoed  heads.  5  Australian  skeletons.  5  Tasmanian 
skeletons.     Several  Maori  and  other  Polynesian  crania. 

In  the  library  of  the  Anthropological  Institute  is  a  very  fine 
Tasmanian  skeleton,  and  at  the  meeting  of  that  society  on  June 
9th  to  which  I  was  invited,  Gen.  Robley  exhibited  14  Maori  heads 
that  had  been  subjected  to  moko*. 

At  the  Natural  Hi.stor}-  Museum  at  South  Kensington  Sir 
William  Flower  the  Director  and  several  of  his  Curators  did  all 
that  was  needed  to  explain  the  collecl;ion  and  their  arrangement. 
Both  visits  to  this  institution  were  made  on  dull  days  and  hence 
perhaps  the  place  seemed  not  quite  well  lighted  in  some  depart- 
ments. Mr.  Smith  the  Curator  of  Conchology  exhibited,  among 
other  treasures,  the  type  specimen  of  Helix  sandzvicensis.  Here  as 
elsewhere  in  England  they  stick  to  the  antiquated  term  "Sandwich 
Islands"  apparently  in  ignorance  that  for  nearly  half  a  century  the 

*See  H.  G.  Robley,  Moko  nr  Mami  Talooiiig:  London,  1S96. 


54  South   Kensington. 

Hawaiian  Islands  have  formed  an  independent  nation  and  compe- 
tent by  the  law  of  nations  to  seledt  its  own  name.  The  names  of 
the  separate  Islands  are  often  miss-spelled,  following  Cook's  very 
blundering  method.  Indeed  at  Oxford  it  was  insisted  that  the 
Hawaiian  Group  was  not  only  "Sandwich  Islands"  but  was  in  the 
South  Pacific,  and  there  were  large  printed  labels  to  that  effedt. 
On  the  continent  the  orthography  is  in  advance  of  that  of  the  very 
conservative  scientific  men  of  England :  It  maj'  be  noted  here  that 
the  committee  in  charge  of  the  exploration  of  the  zoology  of  these 
islands  by  Mr.  R.  C.  ly.  Perkins,  whose  expenses  were  borne 
equally  by  the  British  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
the  Royal  Society  and  the  Bishop  Museum,  is  styled  (as  it  might 
properly  have  been  in  the  days  of  Cook  and  Vancouver)  "Sandwich 
Islands  Committee",  and  the  chairman  Sir  Alfred  Newton  declared 
that  under  the  term  Hawaiian  Islands  they  could  not  have  secured 
an  appropriation! 

To  return  to  the  Natural  History  Colle(5lions  at  South  Ken- 
sington: the  following  are  the  notes  made  in  what  was  certainly  a 
very  hurried  and  superficial  examination.  There  is  no  criticism  of 
the  immense  scientific  value  of  the  colledlion,  nor  of  the  vast  work 
and  learning  that  Sir  William  Flower  and  his  able  assistants  have 
expended  on  the  museum;  it  is  simply  as  the  place  appeared  to  a 
visitor  who  had  seen  the  principal  similar  collections  in  the  world. 

"The  colle(ftion  of  corals  (especially  the  Madreporarian)  is 
very  fine,  usually  illustrated  with  colored  diagrams  of  the  polyp. 
The  Reptilia  are  generally  well  mounted,  and  the  Saurians  es- 
pecially so.  Gigantic  L,and  Tortoises  abound.  Fish  are  by  no 
means  attracftively  arranged,  but  the  Birds  are  intended  to  be  capi- 
tal, and  in  many  cases  they  certainl}^  are  as  near  perfe(ft  as  the 
taxidermist  is  likely  to  make  them;  in  some,  however,  there  is  a 
verj^  "artificial  flower"  atmosphere  about  them.  In  the  Botanical 
Hall  at  the  top  of  the  building  large  specimens  of  Raoulia  exiniia, 
Hooker,  the  "Vegetable  Sheep"  of  New  Zealand  were  very  inter- 
esting: the  drawings   of    Fungi   excellent.     On  a  huge  section  of 


Ph  i/a  dclp  h  ia  —  \Va  sli  ///o-  ton .  55 

tree  a  man  was  painting  memoranda  of  historical  events  of  the  cen- 
turies the  tree  had  lived  and  formed  its  rings.  The  Palseontologi- 
cal  Rooms  are  wonderful,  but  the  collecflion  of  Moa  bones  does 
not  equal  that  at  Christchurch,  New  Zealand.  The  Hall  of  Min- 
erals above  it  is  rather  dismal  (I  remember  that  was  its  characfler 
when  thirty-three  years  ago  I  visited  it  in  Great  Russell  Street 
with  all  the  euthusia.sm  of  a  young  mineralogist),  as  nothing 
breaks  the  fiat  uniformity  of  the  cases.  Vienna  and  Paris  present 
a  much  more  attractive  exhibition.  The  Cetaceans  in  the  base- 
ment were  well  worth  a  visit* .  The  British  colledlion  is  capital  and 
very  accessible  to  students  and  amateurs.  The  statue  of  Darwin 
at  the  head  of  the  stairway  and  that  of  Sir  Joseph  Banks  higher  up 
at  the  other  end  of  the  hall  seemed  where  and  what  they  should  be. 
The  former  looks  down  upon  cases  filled  with  illustrations  of  the 
special  studies  to  which  the  elaboration  of  the  Darwinian  theory 
gave  rise." 

Leaving  England  June  13  on  the  "St.  I^ouis"  from  South- 
ampton for  New  York,  the  first  museum  visited  in  America  was 
that  of  the  Philadelphia  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences.  Here  Dr. 
Sharp,  Prof.  Heilpron,  and  Mr.  Pilsbry  did  all  in  their  power  to 
make  the  collecftions  accessible.  While  this  museum  is  strongest  in 
mollusks  and  birds,  there  were  in  the  ethnological  department  some 
good  kapas  brought  b}-  Rembrandt  Peale  of  the  United  States  Ex- 
ploring Expedition  from  the  Hawaiian,  Society  and  Tougan  Islands. 
This  department  was  not  yet  arranged  in  the  new  wing  recently 
completed.  Washington  was  reached  June  24th  and  the  National 
Museum  was  the  chief  attracftion.  The  late  Dr.  J.  Brown  Goode, 
who  was  at  the  head  of  the  museum,  and  Professor  Otis  T.  Mason, 
the  Curator  of  Ethnology,  were  exceedingl}'  obliging,  the  former 
promising  to  send  to  the  Bishop  Museum  a  complete  set  of  the  pub- 
lications of  the  U.  S.  P'ish  Commission  of  which  he  was  also 
Direcftor.     With  Prof.  Mason  the   Pacific  collections,  largely  from 

*  Since  then  a  very  admirable  system  of  exhibition  has   been   adopted;    the  skeleton  is 
enclosed  on  one  half  by  a  covered  framework  representing  the  outer  surface  of  the  whale. 


56  Washington — Nezv  Yoi'k. 

the  Wilkes  Expedition,  were  examined  and  fine  specimens  of  kapa 
obtained.     Among  the  Hawaiian  matters  were: 

5  Lei  paloa  of  good  quality.  Feather  cloak.  2  Feather  capes 
(the  best  one  on  deposit).  Feather  lei  of  Oo.  le  kuku,  the 
largest  seen  in  any  colle(5lion,  and  several  good  ones  of  ordinary 
size . 

The  casts  of  Australian,  Papuan,  Maori  and  Samoan  are 
good  in  the  order  named.  The  Samoan  is  a  most  unfortunate 
selection  for  type  as  he  is  emaciated  and  shows  not  a  particle  of 
the  embonpoint  so  charadleristic  of  his  race.  There  were  fine  Vitian 
spears  and  clubs  but  everything  was  terribly  crowded  in  a  wholly 
unsuitable  building.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  American  people 
will  some  day  demand  that  Congress  shall  appropriate  several  mil- 
lions for  a  proper  edifice  for  this  great  National  colledlion.  An 
agreeable  interview  was  had  with  Dr.  Rathburn  at  the  Fish  Com- 
mission Building. 

In  New  York  was  found  the  American  Museum,  perhaps  the 
best  all  round  Natural  History  museum  yet  vSeen.  In  the  first 
place  the  building  wastes  nothing  in  mere  archite(5lure  but  is 
strong,  fire-proof,  well  lighted,  capable  of  extension  through  the 
large  open  space  in  which  it  stands,  and  is  accessible  and  well 
adapted  for  its  purpo.se.  The  best  building  in  the  world  will  not 
make  a  great  or  useful  museum,  and  unless  the  contents  are  well 
selec5led,  sufficiently  numerous  and  well  preserved  and  arranged 
both  for  exhibition  and  study  the  house  is  naught.  Here  the  taxi- 
dermy was  the  best  seen  in  any  museum,  and  the  labelling  was  by 
far  the  best  seen  anywhere.  Dr.  Franz  Boaz  was  rearranging  the 
ethnological  portion  in  a  hall  on  the  lower  floor,  hence  the  speci- 
mens were  not  yet  corredlly  labelled,  so  no  attempt  was  made  to 
catalogue  those  from  the  Pacific.  The  collection  was  rich  however 
in  good  examples  of  Polynesian  and  Papuan  work,  although  per- 
haps the  strongest  series  is  the  Alaskan.  Groups  are  frequent 
illustrating  native  work,  as  has  been  provided  for  with  the  Hawaii- 
ans  in  the  Bishop  Museum.     As  an  example  of   the    instru(5lion  to 


New    llOtk /yOSfoil .  ^y 

be  obtained  I'roiii  the  labels,  the  Halil)iit  hook,  f/a'caua,  of  the 
Haida  Indians,  a  hook  used  1>\-  the  Kamehaniehas,  is  said  to  be 
made  of  the  wood  of  the  Thuja  gigantea ,  the  line  is  of  red  cedar 
bark  and  the  whole  is  bound  together  by  the  split  roots  of  the 
spruce  tree;  all  of  this  information  on  the  neatly  printed  label. 
In  Prof.  Henry  F.  Osborn's  department  the  labels  almost  make  the 
dry  bones  of  the  fossils  live  again,  for  there  is  not  merely  the  name, 
locality  and  history  of  the  specimen,  but  also  a  diagram  of  the 
outer  form  ouce  covering  the  skeleton,  and  perhaps  a  picture  of  the 
nearest  living  relatives.  Then  the  fossils  are  excavated  from  the 
bedrock  and  brought  into  high  relief  seen  nowhere  else.  The  col- 
le(5lion  of  fossils  is,  by  the  way,  one  of  the  most  complete  in  the 
world.     The  officers'  rooms,  workrooms  and  store  rooms  are  capital. 

There  were  three  Au.stralian  skeletons,  two  male  and  one 
female.  A  fine  skeleton  of  Dinornis  niaxiimis  and  seven  other 
moas.  From  New  Zealand  was  a  vie  re  19.3  inches  long  and  5^ 
wide  of  light  colored  jade,  and  several  Heitikis  of  which  it  was 
noticed  that  the  flounder-like  head  of  one  turned  to  the  left  while 
four  turned  to  the  right.  A  model  of  a  w^ar  canoe.  Clubs  from 
Fiji,  Samoa  and  elsewhere  were  still  piled  on  the  floor  and  could 
not  be  examined,  but  the  general  conclusion  was  that  the  museum 
was  not  strong  in  articles  from  the  Pacific  Region. 

In  Boston  the  first  colleclion  visited  was  the  Art  Museum 
where  are  deposited  two  Hawaiian  feather  cloaks.  One  was 
brought  to  Boston  by  the  Columbia*  and  is  of  red,  ornamented  with 
yellow  disks,  and  triangles  on  the  borders.  The  measurements 
given  on  the  label  card  (which  was  in  most  other  respe(5ts  quite 
wrong)  were,  5  feet  6  inches  long;  2  feet,  10  inches  on  neck  line; 
13  feet  on  the  bottom  line.  The  smaller  cloak  was  of  red  ground 
with  yellow  border  and  triangles,  and  with  .se(5lions  of  long  feathers 
in  spherical  triangles  in  the  midst  of  the  cloak.  It  was  34^  inches 
long,  and  89^4  inches  wide.     These    are    deposited   for  exhibition 

*The  ship  Columbia.  Capt.  John  Hendrick,  sailed  from  Boston  September  30,  1787,  vis- 
ited the  Hawaiian  Islands  and  returned  to  Boston  August  10.  1790,  ha\'ing  carried  the  United 
States  flag  for  the  first  time  around  the  world. 


58  Boston — Cambridge. 

and  are  both  lined  with  a  woolen  fabric  which  renders  it  difficult  to 
examine  the  nae  or  net.  The  smaller  one  has  been  used  for  a 
sleigh-robe. 

The  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History  was  visited  because 
it  once  had  a  fine  collecftion  of  Hawaiian  lavas,  corals  and  botani- 
cal specimens  given  by  the  present  writer,  and  a  skeleton  of  a 
Hawaiian  woman  given  by  the  late  Horace  Mann.  The  building 
was  found  in  an  untidy  condition,  the  colledtions  crowded,  in  poor 
condition,  and  often  incorre(5ll3^  named.  The  La  Fresnaye  col- 
ledlion  of  birds  has  suffered  much  from  negledt  during  the  past 
twenty  years  and  the  labels  are  often  surprising  as  in  the  series  of 
the  Australian  Gyvinorhina  which  are  absurdly  confused.  This 
museum  possessed  a  dried  Maori  head. 

In  refreshing  contrast  to  this  was  the  Museum  of  Compara- 
tive Zoology  in  Cambridge.  Certainly  there  was  not  a  great  deal 
from  the  Pacific  except  in  corals  and  mollusks,  but  there  was  an 
Australian  skeleton,  and  a  small  number  of  Hawaiian  birds  from 
Wilson.  The  Ware  colle(5lion  of  Blatscha  glass  models  of  flowers 
is  ver}'  attradlive,  although  some  of  the  tropical  flowers  and  fruits 
did  not  seem  to  have  full  size  or  color.  Perhaps  in  Jamaica  where 
the  material  for  these  was  mo-stlj'  colle(5led  fruits  do  not  color  so 
brightly  as  on  the  Hawaiian  Islands.  In  this  museum  everything 
was  clean,  well  preserv'Cd  and  in  order. 

The  Peabody  Museum  of  American  Ethnology  and  Archae- 
ology certainh'  gives  its  first  attention  to  American  matters,  and 
under  its  distinguished  Diredlor  Prof.  F.  W.  Putnam  (who  is  also 
Dire(5lor  of  the  American  Museum  in  New  York),  it  has  attained 
an  important  place  among  the  mu.seums  of  the  world.  Still  it  con- 
tains, probably  by  the  force  of  gravitation  a  number  of  articles 
from  the  Pacific  of  which  the  following  is  a  tolerably  complete  list 
at  least  of  the  Hawaiian  specimens  on  exhibition: 

Hawaiian  Islands. 
Auamo  or  Bearing-stick,  common  form.     Broom  of  coconut  leaf 
ribs.     Laau   melomelo,    large.     5  Huewai  pawehi;  one  of  com- 
mon kind.    Umeke  of  wood  20^  inches  in  diameter,  flat.    Umeke 


Cambridge.  eg 

of  wood,  small.  Ipii  kuha,  round  with  hook  handle.  2  Kahuna 
awa  cup.s  of  coconut.  2  Knives  of  kauila  wood  set  with  shark 
teeth,  one  with  14  the    other   with   15  teeth.     5  Pohaku  kui  poi. 

3  Polulu  kauila,  smooth;  12  Pololu  (spears),  barbed.  L,aau 
lomilomi  kua.  2  Koko  puupuu.  13  Koi  pohaku  (stone  adze 
heads).  Niihau  mat.  Niihau  moena  pawehe  s^iven  b}-  W.  T.  B. 
Olona  fibre  prepared  for  spinning.  Square  fish  basket  of  pau- 
danus  leaves.  Umeke  pawehe  ipu  with  plain  cover,  broken  and 
in  net,  large.  Rattle  of  ipu  and  one  of  coconut.  Ipu  hahano  or 
syringe.  Ipu  pueo,  not  finished.  Hula  drum,  ipu  pawahe; 
another  plain.  Ipu  pawehe  for  keeping  kapas.  Ipu  pawehe. 
Lei  of  Niihau  shells.  Lei  of  Coix  lachryma.  2  Lei  of  (9f  feathers 
(perhaps  dyed).  3  Lei  niho  palaoa.  Lei  niho  and  hook.  Kukui 
nut  lei.  Lei  of  white  Petlcn  shells.  Several  bone  bosses  for 
kupee.  Kupee  of  boar  tusks,  good.  3  Kapa  moe  with  pink 
kilohana.  Kapa  pa'u  hula  and  man)^  kapa  specimens,  including 
some  of  the  Cook  series.  2  Umeke  kou,  Helmet  of  red  and  yel- 
low feathers,  common  form.     Helmet  of  wicker  without  feathers. 

4  Paddles,  3  of  them  with  ihu.  Model  of  double  canoe.  Model 
of  single  canoe  with  sail  but  no  outrigger.  Model  of  single 
canoe,  small.  Large  le  kuku,  3  inches  on  a  side;  7  common 
ones.  4  Koi  pohaku  with  handles.  Stone  bowl.  3  Ulumaika. 
2  Squid  hooks  and  2  sinkers  for  squid  hooks.  4  Polishing  stones. 
Sling  stone  from  Nuuanu  pali.  Netting  and  needles.  Niihau 
mat  fine  old  fragment.  Pillow  of  coarse  pandanus,  also  model  of 
pillow.  Lei  of  dried  Solamim  aculeatissimiini.  Assortment  of 
cordage  and  braid.  Fans  of  pandanus  and  of  coconut  leaf. 
Pounder  of  curious  form.  8  Bone  fish  hooks.  Tobacco  pipe  of 
orange  wood.     Ukeke  with  two  strings. 

Tonga  Islands. 

4  Clubs.     3  Wooden  pillows,  two  of  them  broken. 

Marquesas  Isla?ids. 

5  Clubs,  good.  3  Paddles.  3  Gorgets  of  wood  once  covered 
with  seeds  of  Abrus pi^ecatorius. 

Hervey  Islands. 
Car\-ed  wood  seat  like  those  from  the  Society  Islands.     8  Carved 
ceremonial  paddles.    Carved  paddle  with  central  opening.    7  Cere- 
monial adzes,  one  small  and  one  well  car\-ed. 

Neiv  Zealajid. 
4  Mere  of  greenstone;    another  thick  and  coarse.     Human  head 


6o  Ca  m  bridge — Sa  lem . 

canned  in  kauri  gum.  Taiaha.  3  Tewhatewha  without  feathers 
or  ornaments.  Small  canoe  prow,  well  carved.  Dress  of  Phor- 
w/?^;;/ flax.     Carved  stick  ( genealogical? ) . 

Fiji. 
6  Clubs,  pineapple;  8  Clubs,  musket;  i  Lotus;  11  Throwing;  4 
Knobbed.  Yaquona  bowl  27  in.  in  diameter,  good.  7  Pots, 
common  forms.  Oil  dish,  small.  8  spears  of  fine  quality;  many 
ordinary  ones.  3  Fish  spears,  4  pronged,  sennit  bound.  Canni- 
bal fork.  Stone  adze.  Woven  leaf  satchel.  Pandanusfan.  Wood 
pillow,  broken, 

Australia . 
5  Boomerangs.     Quartz  knife.    Stone  club.     Nulla  nulla.    Dress 
of  cords.     Net. 

Neiv  Guinea. 
2  Drums,  one  wdth  rattles.     Many  bags,  spears,  spatulas,  adzes. 
Dance  paddle.     Fringe  dress. 

Neiv  Caledonia. 
Short  adze  and  greenstone  disk  club. 

New  Britain. 
14  Stone  disk  clubs;   2  Star  clubs.. 

Micronesia. 
Kalo  hoe  of  turtle  bone.  Large  mat  made  for  Kamehameha  V., 
given  by  W.  T.  B.  ^Snratl  mat.  Spear  with  two  guards  bound 
with  pandanus.  Many  shark  teeth  swords.  Shell  sticks  for 
dances.  Shell  money,  Gilbert  Islands.  Shell  adze.  Yap.  Coco- 
nut fibre  cord  covered  with  pandanus  braid.  Nine  club,  Solomon 
Islands  bows  and  arrows.  Gambler  Islands  paddle. 

Professor  Putnam's  Assistant  Mr.  Frank  Willoughby  was  at 
the  time  rearranging  these  specimens  in  a  new  hall. 

The  Peabody  Institute  and  Marine  Museum  at  Salem  was 
visited  with  Prof.  Edward  S.  Morse  who  was  familiar  with  the 
whole  establishment.  It  was  impossible  in  the  limited  time  to  do 
more  than  look  at  the  specimens  from  the  Pacific  Region,  but  those 
brought  home  by  the  old  Salem  shipmasters  for  the  most  part,  are 
of  good  quality  and  great  interest. 

Haivaiian  Islands. 
Niho  palaoa.     2  Kupee  puaa.     5  Huewai  pawehe.     5  le   kuku. 


Sa  1 1  -III — Ch  f'aro-o .  6 1 

Many  good  kapas.  Large  idol  of  ohia  wood  from  Hawaii*. 
PI.  XIX.  Cups  and  drinking  vessels  of  Alaskan  basket  work, 
said  to  have  belonged  to  Kamehameha  III. 

24  Clubs,  throwing;  10  clubs,  pineapple;  13  musket;  2  lotus;  10 
knobbed.  5  War  paddles  aiid  several  fine  spears.  2  Temple 
models . 

A^ezi'  Zealand. 
Carved  sword  with   shark   teeth.     3  Mere  of  whale  rib.     7  Mere 
of  greenstone.    4  Patu  of  can-ed  wood.    3  Tewhatewha.   3  Carved 
fifes.      I  Trumpet.     Bailer.     Door  cap. 

Mai'qtiesas  Islands. 

6  Clubs.  II  Paddles.  Stilt-rest.  3  Gorgets  covered  with  .4 ^rwj- 
beans. 

Hervey  Islands. 
Carved  food  scoop.     3  Paddles,  usual  form. 

Samoan  Islands.  Human  figure  of  carved  wood. 

In  Chicago  the  Field  Columbian  Museum  w^as  visited.  While 
the  colle(5tion   is  rich  in  many  departments,  it  has  little  of  import- 
ance to  illustrate  the  Pacific  Region. 
New  Caledo)iia . 
2  Death  masks.    Club  of  greenstone.    5  Bird-bill  clubs.    2  Adzes. 
A  Samoan  Upete  of  wood  cylindrical  surface,  40  inches  long,  was 
interesting.     A  Fijian  Yaqona  bowl;   New  Guinea  clubs  of  usual 
form,  a  few  Australian  implements  are  about  all. 

Mr.  W.  H.  Holmes,  the  Curator  and  Mr.  G.  A.  Dorsey  his 
Assistant  were  both  ver}-  courteous  in  showing  the  museum.  The 
Anthropological  arrangements  in  charge  of  the  latter,  were  well 
planned  and  thoroughh*  carried  out.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  such 
valuable  collecftions  may  soon  have  a  building  more  substantial 
than  the  one  left  b}^  the  late  Columbian  Exhibition. 

In  the  Mormon  Mu.seum  in  Salt  Lake  City  are  two  small 
Hawaiian  idols  given  by  Kalakaua,  and  of  which  the  Bishop 
Museum  has  photographs.     Fig.  71. 

*Only  three  of  these   images   are   known  to  exist,   the   one   in   the   British    Museum 
(PI.  XIV):  this  at  Salem,  and  one  in  the  Bishop  Museum  (7654). 


62 


San  Francisco. 


The   Hall  of    the    California  Academy  of  Sciences  in  San 
Francisco  contains: 

Marquesas  Islands. 
Double  idol  of  stone,  small  size.    2  Casts  of  similar  idols.    4  Casts 
of  stone  idols,  present  locality  of  originals  not  stated.     ( Voy  Col- 

lecftioii.  Carved  wood 
images.  3  Human 
hair  armlets  with 
bone  cylinders.  Carv- 
ed coconut  cup. 
Wooden  bowl  with 
two  carved  human 
figures  for  handles  at 
each  side,  35.8  in.  in 
diameter,  8  in.  deep, 
2  in.  thick,  of  heavy 
u  n  k  n  o  w  n  wood .  3 
Old  men's  white 
beards  used  for  orna- 
ments. Coconut  water 
bottle  in  net.  Stilt 
rest.  2  Stilt  rests  of 
white  wood  ( models ) . 
Large  drum  22  in. 
high,  16  in.  in  diame- 
ter at  the  base. 

Fiji. 
2  Pots  of  good  work- 
manship. 5  Throwing 
clubs  and  a  pineapple 
club.    Stone  adze. 

Hervcy  Islands.     Paddle  and  2  carved  adzes. 

Solomon  Islands.     Spears  and  bows  and  arrows. 

Admiralty  Islands. 
Food  bowl,  round,  48  inches  in  diameter,  damaged. 

Micronesia. 

Coconut  fibre  armor  swords  and    knives  of  shark  teeth  from  the 
Gilbert  Islands. 


Sa>/  Francisco  .  63 

Ausitalia  and  iVca'  Guinea. 
Stuffed  specimens  of  Cassowary  and  Emu. 

Ah-iC  Hebrides. 
Pseudo  mummy  with  human  skiill  from  Mallicolo*. 

These  lists  will  roughly  represent  the  colle(5lions  of  material 
accessible  to  students.  The  number  of  specimens  remaining  in 
private  hands  as  curiosities  is  very  limited  if  exception  be  made  of 
showy  clubs,  canoe  models  and  the  like.  It  will  be  seen  that  in  all 
museums  weapons  predominate.  Spears  are  very  numerous  for 
they  are  from  their  length  inconvenient  in  private  houses.  There 
are  perhaps  weapons  enough  preserved  in  museums  to  arm  every 
able  bodied  native  in  the  Pacific  region  at  the  present  day.  The 
following  is  an  approximate  estimate  of  the  number  of  certain 
prominent  articles  to  be  found  in  museums: 

BISHOP        ELSE- 
MUSEUM.  WHERE. 

Dried  Maori  heads  with  Moko  (Gen'l  Robley)     -    -  50 

Hei-vey  Islands  Ceremonial  Adzes    -------  2  40 

"             "                   "             Paddles     ------  4  c;o 

Heitikis,  New  Zealand    ------------  3  71 

Pump  Drills    ----------------  6  27 

Hawaiian  Feather  and  wicker  Helmets    -----  2  30 

Cloaks  -----------  6  27 

Capes    -----------  6  55 

Gods     -----------  2  9 

Vitian  Clubs,  Musket  and  Lotus    --------  8  247 

Pine-apple    -----------  2  92 

Knobbed   ------------  4  159 

"           "        Throwing     -----------  15  210 

"           "        Round   -------------  4  103 

"      Pots  ---------- 7  —         • 

Solomon  Islands  Arrows    -----------  150  6000 

New  Caledonian  Disk  Clubs     ---------  40 

"               "             Death  masks     --------  2  25 

Marquesan  Clubs   --------------  34 

Hawaiian  wooden  idols     -----------  25  40 

stone  idols     ------------  20  18 

It  may  be  of  little  use  to  estimate  the  number  of  specimens 
representing  the  island  groups  of  the  central  Pacific,  but  it  may 
show  to  some  extent  the  material  available  for  stud}^  from  each 
group.  It  should  be  remembered  that  the  Melanesian  or  Papuan 
races    are  more    extensive   manufacturers   than   their    Polynesian 

*  These  figures  are  covered  with  seaweed,  and  moulded  with  a  mixture  of  red  cane 
ashes  kneaded  with  unripe  coconut  water.  When  this  is  dry-  a  priming  coat  of  the  juice  of 
the  Artocarpus  and  then  painted  with  ochres,  etc. 


64  General  Conclusions. 

neighbors.  Of  the  latter  the  Hawaiians  made  the  greatest  variety 
of  articles,  the  Maoris  the  best  car^dngs,  although  the  Hervey 
Islanders  pressed  the  Maoris  close  in  quality  of  work,  but  b}^  no 
means  in  variety. 

A  curious  observation  was  made  that  the  cannibals  did  better 
work  than  those  who  did  not  lo^'e  their  fellow  men  in  that  way.  The 
cannibal  tlieors'  is  one  of  absorption  of  the  qualities  and  faculties  of 
the  eaten  b}-  the  eater:  hence  the  natural  desire  to  eat  the  bravest 
of  one's  enemies  even  if  the  musculature  be  very  tough,  and  a  gen- 
uine cannibal  will  not  eat  a  woman  or  child  unless  pressed  by 
hunger.  The  Maoris,  Fijians,  Solomon  Islanders,  New  Hebri- 
deans  and  Marquesans  were  the  most  thorough-going  cannibals, 
and  the}'  were  the  best  workmen  in  the  Pacific,  and  their  produ(5ls 
are  the  most  sought  as  curiosities. 

With  the  exception  of  the  Maori  heads  there  is  no  colle(flion 
of  tatued  skins  shown  in  any  museum,  although  in  a  German  medi- 
cal museum  was  seen  an  album  of  tatued  patterns  found  on  the  white 
subje(5ls  in  the  dissecfting  room,  and  in  the  Warren  Medical  Museum 
in  Boston  was  a  fine  specimen  of  a  complete  Marquesan(?)  tatued 
skin.  Yet  the  art  is  d3-ing  out  with  the  compulsor}-  adoption  of 
clothes  and  the  significance  of  the  elaborate  patterns  used  by  the 
Marquesans,  Hervey  Islanders,  Samoans*  and  others  will  soon  be 
lost.  When  the  unfortunate  Samoan  governed  by  a  very  "mixed" 
commission  is  fined  7/6  every  time  he  is  caught  bathing  without  a 
lavalava  or  waist  cloth,  he  must  abandon  the  elaborate  skin  deco- 
ration he  can  no  longer  exhibit. 

Again  what  do  the  museums  show  of  the  cooker}-  of  the 
Pacific  Islanders?  It  was  not  the  simple  matter  often  supposed, 
and  a  cannibal  feast  was  a  most  elaborate  affair.  The  imii  or 
earth  oven  of  the  Hawaiians  and  others  was  a  most  capital  thing, 
and  the    ovens   for  baking  "long  pig"  were    both    ingenious    and 

*  F.  von  I^uschan.  Beitiag  zui-  Kenntniss  der  Tatowiiung  in  Samoa.  Berlin,  1S97.  This 
verj-  interesting  treatise  on  Samoan  tatumg  should  be  followed  by  a  similar  investigation  of 
the  more  elaborate  work  of  the  Marquesan  and  Aitutakian  tatuer.  The  Samoan  men  that  I 
have  observed  in  four  visits  to  Samoa  were  quite  as  well  decorated  as  in  Dr.  von  Lushan's 
plates,  but  the  contrast  of  colors  is  not  so  harsh  as  when  reduced  to  black  and  white. 


General  Conclusions.  65 

suitable.  The  preparation  of  "made  dishes"  was  an  art  practised 
by  all  Polynesians,  and  the  artificial  preservation  of  food  was  well 
understood  in  Micronesia  and  elsewhere. 

Then  the  medicine  of  the.se  peoples  does  not  exist  in  any 
museum,  with  the  exception  of  one  or  two  surgical  appliances  from 
the  Hawaiian  Islands  in  the  Dr.  Arning  colle(5tion  at  Berlin.  It  is 
war.  war,  war  all  the  time:  clubs,  swords,  spears,  arrows,  slings 
and  shields  form  the  vast  majorit}-  of  specimens  in  all  museums, 
and  yet  these  war-like  people  did  not  fight  all  the  time.  Certainly 
the  Poh-nesians  were  a  race  fond  of  sports  and  had  man}-  games, 
but  with  the  exception  of  the  dancing  appliances  there  is  hardly  a 
hint  of  these  in  mu.seums,  except  at  Berlin.  In  no  museum  was 
any  attempt  made  to  illustrate  the  manufadlure  of  kapa  or  bark- 
cloth  the  universal  Poh-nesian  clothing,  so  far  as  any  was  necessary. 
It  is  true  that  in  most  of  them  kapa  beaters  and  stamps  as  well  as 
the  finished  material  are  found,  but  they  are  never  brought  together, 
and  a  visitor  or  even  a  student  would  be  puzzled  to  make  out  the 
connedlion  between  the  disjefla  membra  of  the  complicated  process. 

Idols  abound,  but  they  are  not  distinguished  from  mere  im- 
ages like  those  from  Rapanui  (Easter  Island)  which  are  not  objects 
of  worship,  or  those  from  New  Guinea  which  are  Penates.  Every- 
where the}-  are  simple  curiosities.  The  missionaries  to  the  Pacific 
did  not,  like  those  w^ho  invaded  Mexico,  destroy  ever>i:hing  that 
had  what  they  considered  the  Devil's  mark,  but  they  sent  home  to 
Eondon  and  to  Boston  specimens  with  more  or  less  explanation, 
and  it  is  not  on  them  but  on  the  museums  that  the  blame  must 
rest  if  this  information  is  often  lost  with  the  labels.  The  Eondon 
collection  has  greatly  enriched  the  British  Museum,  and  the  one 
gathered  in  the  Boston  Cabinet  has  come  to  the  Bishop  Museum. 
In  the  latter  place  it  is  intended  soon  to  show  the  modes  of  worship 
and  the  place  of  .some  of  the  "forty  thousand  and  four  hundred 
thousand  gods".  Much  is  known  of  the  Pacific  theogony  but  no 
museum  has  imparted  this  knowledge;  it  has  come  from  Turner, 
Gill,  Codrington  and  other  missionaries. 

O.P.— B.P.B.M.  E 


66  General  Conclusions. 

The  method  adopted  in  Paris,  Washington  and  New  York 
as  well  as  in  the  Bishop  Museum*  of  making  casts  from  life  of 
natives  in  their  peculiar  occupations  cannot  be  too  much  praised, 
only  it  will  never  do  to  make  the  casts  from  poor  wretches  travel- 
ing with  some  show,  or  d}'ing  of  disease  in  some  hospital.  It  would 
be  desirable  for  several  museums  to  combine  and  send  to  the  Pacific 
a  sculptor  competent  to  select  and  cast  and  color  good  specimens  of 
the  races  fast  disappearing  from  their  island  homes.  The  Bishop 
Museum  is  doing  this  for  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  who  will  under- 
take the  other  groups? 

It  was  found  that  very  few  museums  had  a  system  of  pho- 
tography; indeed  the  Museum  fiir  Volkerkunde  at  Berlin  where 
the  accomplished  Dr.  von  Luschan  is  a  skilled  photographer  was 
the  only  one  prepared  to  exchange  photographs  of  its  contents. 
And  3'et  this  seems  a  very  important  adjunct  to  museum  work.  If 
all  important  articles  were  photographed  and  the  negatives  kept 
and  classified  as  a  card  catalogue  might  be,  Curators  would  be  saved 
all  farther  trouble  or  risk  in  disturbing  large  specimens  when  ap- 
plication is  made  to  photograph  them.  By  a  system  of  exchange  of 
prints  students  in  any  one  museum  could  easily  see  what  in  the  lines 
of  their  studies  was  to  be  found  in  other  museums  far  better  than  any 
catalogue,  however  explicit,  could  inform  them.  Then  as  ver}'  few 
ethnological  museums  have  printed  catalogues  that  are  more  than 
mere  lists,  the  need  of  good  photographs  becomes  more  imperative. 

The  question  has  often  been  asked  what  sizes  of  plates  should 
be  used,  and  it  may  be  answered  that  for  all  useful  purposes  the 
sizes  in  use  at  the  Bishop  Museum  seem  most  convenient.  The 
largest  plate  8X  lo  inches  is  suitable  for  illu.stration  full  page  size 
of  ordinary  quarto  publications  and  for  maps;  the  next  size  5X8  is 
the  bCvSt  for  landscapes,  views,  groups,  full-length  figures  or  por- 
traits front  and  profile  on  one  plate,  or  for  three  views  of  any  objedl 
(as  crania)  on  the  same  plate,  or  for   full-page    illu.stration,  octavo 

*The  casts  already  made  for  the  Bishop  Museum  include  a  Kahutia  or  native  priest  in 
he  solemn  act  of  "praying  to  death";  a  powerful  man   in  the   prime   of  life  scraping  olond- 
a  young  boy  and  a  full  grown   man   pounding   poi:    a  girl  of  eleven  years  and  an  old  woman 
beating  kapa.     All  these  are  well  colored  and  wear  the  dress  of  ancient  times. 


Gonral  Conchisioiis.  67 

size;  in  facl  it  is  the  plate  most  generally  useful.  The  smallest, 
4X5  is  of  great  convenience  for  single  objedls.  One  good  8X10 
camera  can  be  utilized  for  all  these  sizes  in  museum  work,  but  for 
the  field  two  cameras  5X8  and  4X5  should  be  used;  the  smaller  is 
much  the  best  for  catching  groups,  peculiar  postures  or  occupa- 
tions. An  experience  of  thirty-five  years  in  pra(5tical  photography, 
photographic  journeys  in  Central  America  and  across  the  American 
continent,  camera  work  in  the  tropics  and  on  mountain  tops  nearly 
14,000  feet  high,  leads  to  the  belief  that  5X8  is  the  largest  size  to 
be  taken  into  the  field,  and  that  only  for  stereoscopic  work  or  sev- 
eral pictures  one  plate.  For  views  the  4X5  size  is  ample,  as  with 
a  good  enlarging  camera  all  reasonable  sizes  can  be  obtained  from 
that.     The  slowest  plates  that  the  subjecft  admits  of  are  best. 

Prints  for  museum  exchanges  should  be  on  bromide  paper 
unless  needed  for  reproducftion  in  which  case  a  smooth  surface 
silver  print  is  more  desirable.  Bromide  prints  need  no  mounting 
but  can  be  bound  dire(5tly  as  book  plates  or  illustrations. 

In  regard  to  exchanges  we  are  unfortunately  situated  since 
there  are  no  European  or  American  museums  that  have  duplicates 
from  our  region  that  we  do  not  already  possess.  Exchanges  of 
photographs  and  of  publications  are  however  readily  arranged,  and 
as  soon  as  the  Bishop  Museum  can  issue  the  first  part  of  its 
Memoirs,  exchanges  will  commence  with  nearly  a  hundred  scientific 
societies  and  museums  whose  publications  are  needed  in  our  library . 

As  to  the  installation  of  exhibits,  no  halls  were  found  so 
well  lighted  as  ours  or  more  accessible  for  visitors;  no  cases  better 
suited  to  the  needs  of  this  climate  than  those  now  in  Polynesian 
Hall.  The  iron  cases  in  the  Berlin  Museum  are  excellent,  but 
although  more  expensive  are  certainly  not  ornamental.  The  sys- 
tem of  plate  glass  shelves  there  in  use  has  been  discontinued  owing 
to  the  great  expense  and  liability  to  breakage  in  readjusting  ex- 
hibits, disadvantages  found  to  more  than  counterbalance  economy  of 

For  a  studio  camera  I  have  found  the  American  Optical  Co.  No.  22  Imperial  camera, 
8x10  size  with  Waterbury  curtain  slide  holder  the  most  convenient.  It  is  sold  by  the  Scovill 
and  Adams  Co.,  New  York. 


68  General  Conclusions. 

space  and  additional  lighting  facilities  the  glass  certainl}-  affords. 
With  plenty  of  light  about  the  case  wooden  shelves  do  very  well. 

In  labels  the  greatest  deficiency  is  shown  in  almost  all  Euro- 
pean museums,  even  the  great  one  at  Berlin  cannot  be  entirely 
excepted.  The  expense  of  properly  printing  labels  is  certainly 
considerable,  but  the  information  that  a  comprehensive  label  legi- 
bly printed  can  afford  is  worth  all  it  costs.  Man^^  of  the  large 
museums  have  their  own  presses  worked  by  one  of  the  regular  as- 
sistants. One  museum  in  the  colonies  which  had  well-printed 
labels  on  many,  but  by  no  means  all,  of  its  large  exhibits,  had 
spent  several  hundred  pounds  on  the  work  which  was  done  outside . 
By  the  u.se  of  a  Golding  Pearl  Press  any  of  the  labels  can  be  printed 
as  needed  and  much  time  saved  in  correcfting  printer's  mistakes  in 
the  technical  words  generally  in  use.  This  will  require  a  large 
variety  of  type  but  only  small  fonts  of  each  kind:  Book  plates, 
notices  and  lists  of  duplicates  or  exchanges  can  easil}'  be  printed  on 
such  a  press  and  a  very  complete  outfit  would  cost  less  than  $400. 

T^-pe-written  labels  and  those  made  with  rubber  stamps  are 
unadvisable  as  the  aniline  inks  used  with  these  will  certainly  fade 
in  sunlight,  even  if  not  direct,  at  least  in  the  tropics. 

The  American  museum  in  New  York  was  b}-  far  the  best 
equipped  with  labels  of  any  museum  visited,  and  the  Boston  Society 
of  Natural  History  has  also  good  labels.  In  the  former  institution 
the  printing  is  done  outside,  in  the  latter  a  printer  has  been  for 
3-ears  employed  not  onl}-  to  do  the  printing  of  labels  but  also  to 
attend  to  the  composition  of  the  many  publications  of  the  Society, 
the  presswork  and  binding  being  done  outside.  With  good  labels 
an  expensive  catalogue  which  in  a  growing  museum  is  soon  out  of 
date  may  be  dispensed  with. 

How  to  increase  the  museum  exhibits  and  obtain  desiderata 
is  a  most  important  question  and  needs  great  consideration.  Cer- 
tair  articles  that  can  now  only  be  found  in  large  museums  ma}^  be 

since  this  report  was  written  the  Bishop  Museum  has  been  provided  with  such  a  press 
(Golding  &  Co.,  Boston,  Pearl  No.  3)  and  type  not  only  for  the  labels  (many  of  which  have 
already  been  printed)  but  also  for  the  publications  of  the  museum.  The  label  printing  has 
proved  a  great  success.  This  report  and  other  publications  are  composed  in  the  museum 
office;  the  presswork  is  done  outside. 


General  Conclusions.  69 

represented  by  casts  or  photographs,  but  the  many  things  not  in 
this  museum  but  still  obtainable  may  be  purchased  in  some  ca.ses 
of  the  dealers  but  generally  must  be  collecfted  either  by  our  own  or 
the  explorers  for  the  other  museums  who  have  duplicates.  In  the 
latter  case  we  take  the  leavings  at  the  cost  of  the  best;  with  our 
own  collecftors  we  reverse  the  situation.  The  purchase  of  special 
colleiflions  is  often  best  in  economy,  but  the  best  of  all,  and  if  wisely 
done  not  the  most  expensive  wa}',  is  to  do  one's  own  colle(5ting, 
for  then  every  specimen  has  attached  to  it  a  surprising  fund  of  in- 
formation and  is  not  simply  a  curiosity.  Your  trained  colledlor 
sees  for  himself  how  each  thing  is  used  and  generally  can  obtain 
its  name  in  the  vernacular.  If  Ethnology  is  to  progress  in  the 
Pacific  Region  this  course  must  be  taken,  and  this  Museum  which 
is  the  largest  in  this  region  should  undertake  at  least  its  share  of 
this  work.  As  the  English  Scientific  Societies  sent  a  trained  col- 
lector to  gather  the  Hawaiian  Birds  and  Insedts,  so  the  Bishop 
Museum  must  send  one  or  more  men  to  the  groups  where  vernacu- 
lar implements  are  fast  disappearing.  The  Marquesas,  Fiji,  Her- 
ve}',  Tonga  and  Society  Islands  will  have  little  to  show  the  Ethnol- 
ogist ten  years  from  now. 

This  journey  has  shown  how  little  is  to  be  obtained  from 
other  museums,  and  it  has  as  clear!}-  demon.strated  that  the  needs 
of  this  and  other  museums  must  be  supplied  from  the  islands  them- 
selves if  at  all.  And  although  there  are  many  things  in  attics  and 
private  cabinets  that  will  b}'  gift  or  purchase  come  to  this  museum, 
the}-  will  be  dead  things  no  longer  able  to  tell  their  name,  use  or 
origin,  and  the  money  spent  for  such  things,  yes  every  dollar, 
should  be  appropriated  to  the  expenses  of  a  collecftor. 

As  to  the  Natural  History  of  our  region  Mr.  Perkins'  admir- 
able work  here  has  shown  what  treasures  there  are  even  in  a  region 
so  long  known  and  so  accessible  as  the  Hawaiian  Islands.  Groups 
like  Fiji  and  the  Society  Islands  would  probably  be  nearly  as  rich. 
If  all  the  birds  and  insedts  of  the  chief  groups  in  the  Pacific,  even 
omitting  Australia,  New  Zealand  and  New  Guinea,  were  repre- 
sented in  our  cases  we  should  have  room  for  them  and  do  no  more 


yo  •    General  Conclusions. 

than  the  position  of  the  Bishop  Museum  demands.  It  was  impos- 
sible to  examine  the  Natural  History  collections  thoroughly  for 
specimens  from  the  Pacific:  that  would  be  a  work  of  many  months. 
London  and  Paris  have  the  largest  lot  of  Polynesian  plants,  although 
Cambridge  (Massachusetts)  has  a  large  number  of  species.  Berlin 
and  other  museums  probably  lead  in  Ornithology,  while  the  marine 
species  are  tolerably  distributed  among  the  principal  museums  of 
America.  Corals  abound  in  the  British  Museum  and  in  the  Museum 
of  Comparative  Anatomy  (Agassiz)  at  Cambridge,  Massachusetts. 

Another  important  objecT:  of  this  journey  w^as  an  examina- 
tion into  the  feasibility  of  establishing  a  Marine  Zoological  Station 
here  as  a  branch  of  the  work  of  this  Museum.  Of  the  advantages 
of  such  an  institution  to  science  and  to  this  country  nothing  need 
be  said.  Of  the  desirability  of  such  a  Station  to  the  Museum  it 
may  be  said  that  without  it  the  latter  institution  would  require  a 
very  large  outlay  for  colledting  the  Hawaiian  Marine  Fauna,  with- 
out considering  the  expense  of  preserving  and  exhibiting,  and  the 
salaries  of  experts  to  determine  the  species  colle(5ted.  Another 
large  building  would  be  required  as  well  as  considerable  accommo- 
dation near  the  shore.  The  proposed  Station  or  lyaborator}-  would 
do  all  this  besides  relieving  the  museum  of  some  of  its  present  col- 
lections, thus  giving  additional  shelf  space.  The  possibility  of  its 
establishment  depends  wholly  on  the  amount  of  money  that  is  avail- 
able for  the  purpose.  This  country  is  remarkably  rich  in  marine 
life,  the  climate  is  admirable,  the  site  accessible  to  the  world. 
Lines  of  steamships  could  bring  to  our  tanks  marine  life  from  the 
East  Indies,  China,  Japan,  Fiji,  Australia,  New  Zealand,  Mexico 
and  Central  America,  without  passing  through  a  cold  climate. 
Instead  of  exciting  jealousy  on  the  part  of  older  establishments, 
the  projedt  meets  warm  encouragement  and  approbation  from  all 
whose  encouragement  and  approval  are  most  worth. 

Plans  have  been  prepared,  which  will  in  due  time  be  sub- 
mitted to  the  Trustees,  for  a  large  and  imposing  building  of  stone 
to  contain  a  tank -room  with  fourteen  tanks  for  the  public  exhibi- 
tion of  marine  life,  the  growth  of  corals,  etc.:  a  museum  room  to 
contain  the  preparations  to  illustrate  marine  life  in  the  Tropics:  a 
spacious  hall  between  these  wings  for  smaller,  fresh  water  tanks, 
ferns  and  plants,  and  to  be  used  as  a  general  resting  room.  These 
will  occup}'  the  ground  floor  and  alone  be  accessible  to  the  public. 
On  the  first  floor  will  be  the  library,  microscope  rooms  and  a  num- 
ber of  laboratorv  tables  and  tanks.     One  or  more  detached  build- 


General  Coiic!i(sioiis.  71 

ings  will  contain  pump  rooms,  sorting  chambers,  food  tanks,  and 
above  stairs  laboratories.  A  light  railway  will  extend  from  the 
wharf  through  the  sorting  and  food  rooms  td  the  tank  room  or 
Aquarium.  These  subsidiary  buildings  whose  plan  will  depend  on 
the  location  of  the  institution  will  contain  Preparator's  store  and 
work  room,  store  rooms  for  glass,  dredging   and   diving  apparatus. 

The  first  work  to  be  done  will  be  a  very  thorough  explora- 
tion of  the  shores  and  reefs  of  this  Group,  although  this  will  not  of 
course  be  continuous  work.  The  tanks  in  the  Aquarium  will  re- 
quire some  time  for  the  specimens  to  become  established  and  fit  for 
exhibition.  This  is  especially  the  case  with  Aclinias,  Corals  and 
man>-  of  the  lower  forms  of  marine  life.  There  will  be  discovered 
many  new  species  which  should  be  published  as  speedily  as  possi- 
ble in  the  Memoirs  of  the  Museum,  and  be  fully  illustrated.  The 
Aquarium  will  require  a  complete  photographic  outfit  distincT;  from 
that  of  the  Museum,  as  all  new  forms  brought  in  by  the  collecftors 
should  be  photographed  while  alive  or  at  least  while  fresh,  and  an 
artist  who  is  a  good  colorist  should  be  permanently  employed  for 
this  work.  \"ery  likely  the  artist  in  colors  and  the  photographer 
can  be  the  same  person.  The  Diredlor  has  already  devised  simple 
apparatus  for  the  convenient  photographing  of  fish,  etc.,  in  tanks 
either  by  sunlight  or  the  eledlric  light. 

Another  employee  of  constant  importance  is  the  Tank- 
keeper.  It  is  his  business  to  feed  the  animals,  keep  the  tanks  in 
order  and  look  after  the  supply  of  water  and  air  to  the  study  as 
well  as  the  exhibition  tanks:  the  position  requires  knowledge  as 
well  as  industry-,  and  he  will  need  an  apprentice.  The  Preparator 
will  be  a  man  skilled  in  the  preparation  of  specimens  for  exhibition, 
and  it  will  not  only  be  his  dut}'  to  prepare  specimens  for  the  museum, 
but  to  pack  and  forward  all  specimens  and  material  to  be  sent  to  other 
museums,  and  in  this  department  there  will  be  many  exchanges. 

A  competent  engineer  to  look  after  the  pumps,  filters,  valves, 
etc.,  will  be  required,  as  well  as  one  for  the  steam  launch.  It  will 
be  best  to  use  for  the  pumps  an  electric  motor,  and  if  the  building 
is  within  reach  of  the  town  water  supply  no  pumping  of  fresh  water 
will  be  required.  With  an  electric  motor  and  other  modern  appli- 
ances the  engineer  of  the  boat  will  serve  in  the  other  capacity  also, 
and  he  will  have  an  apprentice.  A  steam  launch  of  such  characfler 
as  is  used  by  the  United  States  Fish  Commission  at  Wood's  Hole* 

*  I  am  adWsed  by  Prof.  A.  Agassiz  that  a  larger  boat,   80  feet  on  the  water  line  and  20 
feet  beam,  will  be  better  for  Hawaiian  waters. 


7?  General  Conchisions. 

and  elsewhere,  built  b}-  the  Herreshoffs,  and  one  or  two  small 
naptha  launches,  to  ser\'e  as  tenders  and  plankton  gatherers,  will 
be  needed,  but  the  latter  can  be  run  by  members  of  the  staff  of 
students. 

The  lyibrar}'  will  be  an  expensive  and  very  important  part 
of  the  establishment.  While  current  publications  will  flow  in  with 
the  exchanges,  a  large  number  of  very  expensive  books  will  have 
to  be  purchased,  and  at  least  $20,000  will  be  required  at  the  start. 
This  should  be  in  charge  of  a  permanent  Librarian  and  arrange- 
ments should  be  made  to  extend  its  use  to  anj-  scientific  students 
not  diredlly  connected  with  the  Station  so  far  as  possible. 

Then  for  the  staff.  A  man  used  to  marine  biological  studies, 
preferabh'  one  at  the  head  of  a  similar  institution,  should  be  ap- 
pointed Dean  with  at  least  three  scientific  assistants,  the  number  to 
be  determined  as  the  work  progresses,  or  as  desirable  persons  offer. 
It  may  be  admitted  here  that  many  applications  have  already  been 
received  so  eager  are  scientific  men  to  take  advantage  of  the  facili- 
ties for  the  study  of  tropical  marine  life  that  the  proposed  station 
would  offer. 

There  must  be  a  general  Janitor  or  caretaker  of  the  build- 
ings and  as  the  public  rooms  will  alwa^'S  be  open  to  the  public, 
there  must  be  a  principal  attendant  to  sell  catalogues  or  guide 
books,  look  after  dogs,  sticks  and  umbrellas,  with  an  assistant  for 
the  Tank  room  and  Museum.  A  man  to  keep  the  grounds  in  order, 
and  several  hands  for  the  steamer  while  dredging. 

This  is  of  course  but  the  skeleton,  and  a  disjointed  one  at 
that,  of  the  possible  Hawaiian  Marine  Biological  Station,  or  as  this 
is  a  very  long  name  like  that  of  the  Bernice  Pauahi  Bishop  Museum 
it  might  be  well  to  call  it  the  Bishop  Aquarium,  but  it  will  simply 
show  the  Trustees  that  this  part  of  his  mission  was  not  entirely 
negledled  by  the  undersigned  who  presents  this  report. 


WILLIAM   T.    BRIGHAM. 


December  14,  1896. 
H0N01.U1.U. 


Director's*   Kepcjrt 


2r.i^T/v;^t 


[&?»-*''■" 


Hawaiian  Helmet  (Cook  Col. 


Director's  Report 


Tahitian   GoRCxET. 


Director's  Report 


Plate    III. 


Fie?-  3- 


Fig-  5- 


Fig.  4. 


Hawaiian  Helmets. 


id;  renter's  Report 


PlHte     IV 


Fig.  6. 


t'ig-  7- 


Hawaiian  Feather-Work. 


r5ii-ectt>r'«  Report 


Fig.  9. 


Fig:.  12. 


Fig.  8. 


Fig.  10. 


Hawaiian  Implements. 


IDlrector's  Report  i 


Plate  VI. 


Fig.  6o.     Tahitian  Sorcery  IvAmp. 


Fig.  27.     Shark  Float. 


Director's  Keport 


F>lfite  VII. 


C  E 

Fijian  Clubs. 


Director's  Report 


Plate  VIII. 


Idoi.  (Arning  Col.). 


Director's  Keport 


F»lHte  IX. 


Idol:  FormerIvY  at  Kahuku,  Oahu 


Director's  Report 


F»late  X. 


Hawaiian  Image:  From  Manoa,  Oahu. 


Director's   Report 


JPlate   XI. 


Hawaiian  Dish  at  I^eiden. 


X>irector's  Report 


Plate  XII. 


51 


Hawaiian  Images. 


Director'^   Wepoi-t 


F'Uite   XIII. 


Hawaiian  Carved  ImacxEs:   British  Museum. 


Director's  Report 


F»late  >:iV 


Fig.  59.     Hawaiian  iMAciK:    British  Mi'SEI'm. 


i:)irect<:)r's  lieport 


F»lnte  XV. 


Fig.  6i.     Hawaiian  Fans. 


Fig.  62.     Maori  vSacrificial  Knives. 


Director's  Report 


Plate  X:VI. 


'rMtm^f^  '*    -      ■ 


■^sfJ.  »r>' >^  |;;5|«B*^' 


Objects  in  British  Museum. 


director's  I'ieport 


P»l€«te  XVII. 


Fig.  67.     ToNGAN  Bone  Apron. 


Fig.  68.     NiuE  Spear. 


Fig.  44.     ToNGAN  Pillow 


Director's  Fieport 


Folate  XVIII. 


Lotus  Club  ,   Fiji. 


Oirector's  Report 


PUite  XIX. 


Hawaiian  Idol:  Salem,  Mass. 


'J 


1801 


OCCASIONAL   PAPERS 


OP   THE 


BERNICE    PAUAHI    BISHOP   MUSEUM   OP 

POLYNESIAN   ETHNOLOGY  AND 

NATURAL  HISTORY. 


Vol.  I.  —  No.  2. 


Director's  Report  for  1899. 


honolulu,  h.  i.: 
Bishop  Museum  Press. 
'1900. 


OCCASIONAL   PAPERS 


oi'  Till-: 


BERXICE    PAUAHI    BISHOP    MUSEUM    OF 

POLYNESIAN    ETHNOLOGY  AND 

NATURAL  HISTORY. 


Vol.  L  — No.  2. 


Director's  Report  for  1899. 


HOXOLl'LT,    II.    I.: 

Bishop  Museum  Press. 
I  coo . 


To  tlic  Trustees  of  the  Berniee  Paualii  Bishop  MiiseiDu . 

Sirs: — I  hereicitli  submit  luv  Report  ou  the  icork  and  eo7idition 
of  the  Museum  for  the  year  i8gg  in  aceordanee  icitli  the  vote  of  the 
Trustees  at  the  meeting-  of  January  /j,  igoo. 

WILLIAM  T.  BRIGHAAI, 

Director  of  the  Museum. 
Honolulu,  fanuary  ^o,  igoo. 


FEB  16  1901 


REPORT. 


TN  inaugurating'  a  .s\steni  of  Annual  Reports  of  a  more  formal 
character  than  has  hitherto  obtained  during  the  few  years 
since  the  opening  of  the  Museum,  it  ma}'  not  be  out  of  place 
to  state  the  nature  and  objedis  of  this  institution.  In  the  Deed 
of  Trust  under  which  the  Museum  was  established  by  Charles 
Reed  Bishop  the  Trustees  are  directed  to  apply  '"tlic  }ict  incoDic  ( a) 
in  and  toward  tlic  maintenance,  conduct  and  (to  sue//  extent  as  tJicy 
sliall  in  their  absolute  discretion  t/iink  fit )  furtJier  equipment  and 
developDioit  of  tlie  said  Bernice  P.  Bisliop  Museum  as  a  scientijic  i}i- 
stitutiou  for  coIlecti)ig ,  preservings  storing  and  ex/iibiti)io-  specimens 
of  Polynesian  and  fcindred  Antiquities,  Et/inotogv  and  Natural  His- 
tory, and  books  treating  of,  and  pictures  illustrating  tfie  same,  and 
for  tfie  e.vaniiiiation ,  iweestigation ,  treatment  and  study  of  said  speci- 
mois  and  the  publication  of  pictures  thereof,  and  of  the  results  of  such 
in-eestigation  and  stud]',  and  (  b)  if  the  said  If-ustees  or  their  succes- 
sors in  the  trust,  shall  in  their  absolute  discretion  thi)ik  fit,  i)i  the  pur- 
chase or  lease  of  suitable  site  or  suitable  sites  for,  and  in  the  erection , 
furnishing ,  equipping  and  condutling  also  as  a  scientific  institution , 
on  the  /stand  of  (h^hu,  I\epublic  of  Hazcaii ,  a  Marine  Aquarium  and 
Biological  Laboratory ,  but  the  trust  in  favor  of  tfie  licrnice  P.  Bishop 
Museum  shall  alicays  and  in  all  things  have  precedence  and  be  para- 
mount over  the  trust  in  favor  of  the  said  Marine  Aquariuni  and 
Biological  I.aboratorv .' ' 

Working  in  these  lines  the  Museum  has  "preserved,  stored 
and  exhibited"  such  specimens  as  have  come  to  it  by  gift  or  pur- 
chase, and  as  will  be  seen  by  the  lists  of  accessions  during  the  past 
year  many  specimens  have  been  added  in  this  way,  but  in  the  first 

(5) 


6  Director' s  Animal  Report. 

work  "colledling"  in  its  true  sense  little  has  been  done  except  in 
the  Departments  of  Entomology,  Ornithology  and  Radiata  since 
the  establishment  of  the  Museum.  It  is  true  that  the  collections 
have  grown,  but  it  has  been  mainly  by  purchase,  to  a  small  extent 
by  gift,  and  as  yet  no  collecftors  have  been  sent  to  the  other  groups 
of  this  Pacific  region.  This  omission  it  is  hoped  may  be  remedied 
in  the  near  future.  A  beginning  was  made  in  1896  by  sending  the 
Director  around  the  world  to  examine  the  ethnological  collecftions 
in  the  principal  museums,  and  to  study  especially  the  objects  from 
the  Pacific  Region,  many  of  which  can  no  longer  be  obtained  in 
the  place  of  their  original  use.  If  of  no  other  material  advantage 
to  this  Museum,  the  extensive  although  havSty  journe}-  showed 
plainh-  what  had  been  done  in  other  museums,  and  by  inference 
what  remained  vxndone  in  the  Bishop  Museum.  It  strengthened 
the  hope  that  one  day,  before  the  changes  of  civilization  make  it 
too  late,  the  Natural  History  at  least  of  the  Pacific  Region  may  be 
properly  explored.  In  the  Ethnology  much  has  irrevocably  passed 
away,  much  is  pa.ssing,  but  it  is  not  too  late  to  gather  material  for 
comparison  and  study  in  many  of  the  islands  of  this  great  ocean. 
In  many  of  the  groups  of  the  south-eastern  Pacific  kapa  making  is 
still  pracftised,  tatuing  is  not  a  lost  art,  and  at  the  other  extreme 
geographically  cannibalism  is  as  rife  as  ever. 

Although  not  feeling  prepared  to  begin  the  work  of  collecting 
independently,  the  Trustees  welcomed  the  opportunity  offered  by 
the  Committee  of  the  London  Royal  Society  and  the  British  Asso- 
ciation for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  and  by  furnishing  one- 
third  of  the  funds  needed  for  the  exploration  of  these  Haw^aiian 
Islands,  became  a  third  partner  in  this  important  undertaking. 
Mr.  R.  C.  L.  Perkins  has  for  several  years  collecfted  and  studied 
the  Hawaiian  insect  fauna  for  this  Committee,  and  has  incidentally 
collected  a  number  of  Hawaiian  birds.  The  results  of  Mr.  Perkins' 
explorations  are  now  being  published  and  distributed  to  the  corre- 
spondents of  this  Museum.      It  is  hoped  that   our   future   explora- 


Afan'nc  Zoolooical  Station.  7 

tions  may  be  extended  to  other  groups,  but  in  such  way  that  the 
collections  may  come  to  the  Museum  in  their  entirety  instead  of 
being  shared  with  two  other  partners. 

In  furtherance  of  the  plan  for  a  Marine  Zoological  Station  the 
Legislature  set  apart  a  tract  of  some  twelve  acres  of  land  at  the  mouth 
of  the  harbor,  at  that  time  admirably  adapted  for  the  purposes  of 
such  a  station  and  the  only  place  suitable  within  many  miles  of 
Honolulu.  Unfortunately  an  iron  foundry  and  boiler  shop  has 
been  erected  on  adjoining  land,  cjuite  unfitting  the  place  for  stud>- 
or  any  of  the  serious  purpo.ses  of  .such  an  institution.  The  Ignited 
States  Government  has  since  taken  possession  of  the  whole  tract. 
In  consequence  the  second  branch  of  work  indicated  in  the  Deed 
of  Trust  has  fallen  into  abeyance. 

In  turning  to  the  record  of  this  year's  work  I  must  pause  to 
express  the  sorrow  of  the  entire  Museum  Staff  at  the  loss  of  the 
Reverend  Charles  M.  Hyde,  D.D.,  who  as  trustee  has  early  and 
late  taken  a  mo.st  liveh'  interest  in  the  work  of  the  Museum.  His 
help,  advice  and  sympathy  have  always  been  with  us  and  he  was 
one  of  the  earliest  among  our  citizens  to  appreciate  the  ad\-antages 
of  a  large  public  museum.  His  knowledge  of  Hawaiian  characfter 
and  customs  was  wide  and  deep.  Much  of  this  he  has  bequeathed 
to  the  Museum  in  his  papers  and  annotated  dictionary,  but  no 
material  beque.st  can  replace  the  constant  interest  with  which  he 
encouraged  all  workers  at  the  Museum. 

Buildings.  vSince  the  completion  of  Polynesian  Hall,  the 
first  addition  to  the  original  Museum  building,  it  has  been  felt  that 
better  accommodation  should  be  provided  for  the  Hawaiian  por- 
tion of  our  collection,  and  through  the  generosit>'  of  Mr.  Bishop  at 
the  end  of  the  last  year  the  contractors  began  the  erection  of  a 
wing  larger  than  the  entire  existing  building.  Work  has  con- 
tinued on  this  during  the  year,  and  alterations  con.sequent  on  this 
large  addition  have  compelled  the  withdrawal  of  much  of  the  Ha- 


8  Director' s  Animal  Report. 

waiiaii  Department  from  public  view,  and  the  disturbance  incident 
to  any  large  building  operations  has  in  various  ways  interfered 
with  the  regular  work,  and  in  the  attendance  of  visitors  which  is 
less  than  in  1898.  A  large  workroom  with  skylight  has  been  built 
for  photographic  purposes  as  well  as  for  the  arrangement  of  large 
groups  of  Hawaiians  cast  from  life  by  Allen  Hutchinson,  and  for 
the  construdlion  of  models  of  Kilauea  and  of  an  ancient  heiau  or 
temple.  This  is  a  most  convenient  addition  to  our  workrooms. 
Cases  have  been  placed  in  the  basement  of  Polynesian  Hall  for  the 
temporary  storage  of  books.  The  Picfture  Gallery  has  been  im- 
proved by  the  closure  of  unused  windows  and  the  removal  of  a 
wall-case  thus  giving  more  wall  space.  Four  brackets  for  bu.sts 
have  been  placed  in  the  corners.  To  the  pi(5tures  in  this  room 
have  been  added  four  of  D.  Howard  Hitchcock's  capital  paint- 
ings of  Kilauea  and  Mokuaweoweo,  a  number  of  Mr.  H.  W.  Hen- 
shaw's  platinot^'pe  photographs  of  Hawaiian  scenes,  and  some 
good  photographs  of  Maoris.  During  alterations  a  portion  of  the 
Hawaiian  colledlion  has  been  exhibited  in  table  cases  in  the  Pi(fture 
Gallery. 

The  attendance  is  checked  off  each  public  day  and  an  enumera- 
tion of  nationalities  made,  and  in  a  town  of  such  mixed  races  this 
is  both  interesting  and  instructive.  In  giving  the  table  below  it 
.should  be  .stated  (what  the  figures  do  not  show)  that  many  of  the 
schools  both  public  aud  private  have  availed  themselves  of  the  in- 
strucftion  the  colledtions  afford,  and  man\-  hours  have  been  spent 
in  the  Mu.seum  supplementary  to  the  regular  school  exercises.  By 
means  of  an  abundance  of  plain  printed  labels  information  has 
been  placed  within  the  reach  of  all  visitors  except  perhaps  a  few 
of  the  orientals.  The  hours  have  been  from  10  to  5  during  the 
summer  months  and  from  10  to  4:30  during  the  winter,  on  Friday 
and  vSaturday;  and  also  to  accommodate  passengers  on  the  through 
steamers  the  Museum  has  been  open  on  the  days  these  steamers 
are  in  port. 


l7s//ors  to  tlw  Mi/sc'Kii/ . 
TABLE    OF    ATTENDANCE. 


ISil'.l.                           ^                   5 

1  '  .1     1 

J-               •?               * 

£ 

1   i- 

"          1        C   5 

Totals. 

.laiuiar.v   i        372             So 

Felmiarv 5],s             7;i 

ilanli     472              7!) 

\|ii-il   (i4l)              (U 

2:J              7'.l              3l> 

.-!            IM              47 

7            7.")            c; 

7              !l.".               ."1 

("7            4;i            :n 

-7            142              7.-! 

!)               7-.               ^s 

4!l               !IH               74 

:i7             117               711 

1!)               E8     ■         20 

14          .:;)          7:; 
2;)           .".") 

21 
:! 

4 

s     1         17 

S                  i!l 
lil                    C, 

1 1  2;) 

12  IN 

1 2            :'.4 

17             .s4 
V,              21 
1.-!              4() 
11               24 
!l               24 

.'561) 
Si!) 
699 
S.-,4 

May    :57S              G.S 

.Tunc   :i()i«           l."ii 

.579 
7.">9 

.Inlv    ."i:n             c) 

7S4 

AusiisT 47;)             (51 

SepteuibHr   :^4S            I8lt 

Octohpi-     S.-)!!            113 

Xovpinbpi-    :1X0           107 

December ;>9(i           111 

7.50 
7.")2 
.-)64 
629 
fi41 

Totals   .->224          1111 

272           11'K;)            C.Ul 

1 

41            141           :!.■)() 

1                  1 

S39SI 

It  has  been  custoniar\-  to  close  the  Museum  on  Public  Holi- 
days, but  the  Trustees  voted  .shorth-  before  the  end  of  the  year  to 
keep  the  Museum  open  on  all  holidays  except  Thanksgiving  and 
Christmas.  On  two  holidays  thus  open  a  solitar\-  visitor  came  in 
for  a  few  minutes. 

Classes  from  the  Go\-ernment  Normal  School  have  spent  some 
time  at  the  Museum  making  drawings  of  native  implements.  The 
attendance  of  visitors  has  been  most  satisfactory  considering  the  dis- 
tance from  town,  the  bad  road,  and  unsatisfacliory  tram  car  system. 

At  the  lieginning  of  the  year  the  I)irecl:or  was  without  assist- 
ance in  the  Museum  work  owing  to  the  resignation  of  the  Curator 
Mr.  Acland  Wansey.  February  15  Mr.  John  F.  G.  Stokes,  who 
had  been  appointed  Assistant  some  time  before,  arrived  from  the 
Colonies  and  at  once  took  hold  of  hi-^  work  with  \igor  and  interest. 
During  the  year  in  addition  to  his  duties  as  acling  general  Curator 
he  has  filled  the  post  of  Librarian.  Mr.  Allen  M.  Walcott  had 
been  appointed  A.ssistant  while  as  a  member  of  the  P'irst  Colorado 
regiment  in  service  in  Manila,  and  he  arrived  August  14  and  he 
has  since  been  bus>'  in  the  general  care  of  specimens.  The  Museum 
had  long  been  without  a  Taxidermist  and  much  material  in  this 
department  had  accumulated.     The  delay  in  filling  the  vacancy 


lO  Dii'c'ctor' s  AiJiiiial  Report.  • 

was  due  to  the  difficulty  of  getting  someone  who  was  more  than  a 
mere  "stuffer"  of  birds.  Modern  taxidermy  demands  an  under- 
standing mind  as  well  as  deft  fingers,  and  a  knowledge  of  and 
sympathy  with  Nature.  The  Museum  has  profited  by  the  delay, 
for  in  the  selection  of  Mr.  \Vm.  Alanson  Bryan  of  the  University 
of  Chicago  (who  arrived  September  27)  we  have  chosen  a  taxider- 
mist fully  able  to  meet  all  the  needs  of  the  Museum.  Soon  after 
his  arrival,  on  the  recommendation  of  Mr.  Bishop,  Mr.  Alvin  Seale 
was  appointed  collecftor  of  birds,  a  work  in  which  he  had  already 
acquired  an  enviable  reputation.  He  arrived  November  S.  It  is 
expelled  that  when  the  shore  and  sea  birds  of  this  group  have  been 
obtained,  he  will  go  to  other  groups  and  add  to  our  collections. 
It  is  especially  desired  that  the  sea  birds  of  the  Pacific  should 
muster  in  full  force  in  our  cases,  and  for  this  end  an  expedition  to 
the  Farallones  of  the  Marianas  and  to  the  Chatham  Islands  would 
be  most  desirable.  In  the  meantime  Nihoa  should  be  visited  for 
the  many  species  that  breed  there  undisturbed. 

In  the  spring  the  Trustees  requested  Dr.  William  H.  Dall  of 
the  United  States  National  Museum  to  visit  the  Museum  and  ex- 
amine critically  the  collecftion  of  shells  made  by  Andrew  Garrett 
and  increased  by  various  purchases  and  exchanges.  August  16  he 
arrived  and  for  two  months  made  a  most  careful  study  of  the  col- 
le(5lion  and  his  notes  and  corrections  are  in  hand  with  a  view  to  the' 
rearrangement  of  the  shells  in  the  most  approved  modern  manner, 
and  also  to  the  publication  of  the    catalogue.      His  report  to  the 

Director  is  as  follows  : 

Bishop  Museum, 

Honolulu,  Sept.  1899. 
Dr.  Wm.  T.  Brigh.vm, 

Dirp:ctor  Blshop  Museum. 
Dp;ar  Sir: — I  have  the  honor  to  make  the  following  report 
on  the  Garrett  collection  of  shells  belonging  to  the  Museum,  its 
condition,   the  work   which   I   have   done   upon   it,   and  the   work 
which  still  remains  to  be  done. 

I  may  say  by  way  of  preliminary  that  I  had  originally  intended 


Dr.   H.   //.   J\Urs  Lctti-y.  ii 

to  pass  about  three  months  at  Honolulu,  at  work  upon  the  col- 
lection, but,  other  engagements  having  left  me  only  about  two 
months  for  my  visit  to  the  Islands,  this  time  was  cut  short.  How- 
ever, in  the  sequel  this  has  proved  not  to  be  disadvantageous  be- 
cause, during  the  time  at  my  disposal,  I  have  done  all  that  I  could 
do  here  in  the  way  of  revision,  and  found  that ,  to  complete  the 
work,  I  should  require  the  greater  facilities  for  access  to  literature 
and  investigations  not  3-et  in  print,  which  are  afforded  me  in 
Washington.  I  have  copied  that  portion  of  the  catalogue  which 
relates  to  the  groups  for  which  such  reference  is  necessary,  and 
will  take  this  catalogue  with  me  and  make  the  revision  upon  it 
and,  when  completed,  return  it  to  you  from  Washington.  By  a 
rough  calculation  from  averaging  the  entries  on  the  pages  of  the 
Vpe-written  catalogue  I  find  the  collection  contains  between  8000 
and  9000  species  and  about  25,000  specimens.  Of  these  about 
one-fourth  are  pulmonate  landshells.  All  are  neatly  mounted  on 
card  tablets  with  printed  labels  and  very  few  are  without  complete 
identification  and  locality. 

As  might  be  expected  from  Mr.  Garrett's  residence  and  con- 
nections the  colledlion  is  particularly  rich  in  Pacific  Ocean  material 
and  leaving  out  of  consideration  a  few  great  national  collections 
like  those  of  London,  Berlin,  Washington  and  Geneva  the  Garrett 
is  among  the  most  complete  if  not  actually  the  best  supplietl  with 
the  shells  of  the  Pacific  Islands.  The  series  of  landshells  of  the 
Solomon  and  Hervey  groups  is  the  finest  I  have  seen  anywhere, 
and  those  of  the  Society  Islands  are  probably  very  complete. 

In  the  marine  shells  the  Cones  and  Pleurotomoids  are  especially 
rich  and  include  many  ver^-.  rare  forms.  Scattered  through  the 
collection  here  and  there,  I  have  found  a  number  of  extremely 
rare  forms  which  are  common  to  only  a  ver}-  few  fortunate 
museums.  Several  of  these  had  been  identified  erroneously  by  Mr. 
Garrett  or  his  correspondents,  with  more  common  species  and  the 
revision  just  made  has  corrected  the  error.  A  certain  proportion 
of  the  species  were  wrongly  named,  which  is  not  surprising  when 
we  con.sider  that  Garrett  had  no  access  to  a  large  library  or 
mu.seum,  and  was  obliged  in  great  part  to  rely  on  the  identifica- 
tions made  by  more  or  less  competent  collectors  with  whom  he  ex- 
changed specimens.  A  very  valuable  portion  of  the  collection 
consists  in  the  series  of  type  specimens  of  the  species  de,scribed  as 


12  Director  s  Ainiual  Report. 

new  by  Garrett  and  author's  specimens  of  many  of  those  named  by 
the  late  Mr.  Wm.  Harper  Pease.  These  are  of  course  unique  and 
essential  to  any  thorough  study  of  the   Poh-nesian  mollusk-fauna. 

The  work  done  h\  me  was  much  facilitated  by  a  type-written 
catalogue  of  the  collection  prepared  by  yourself,  without  which  it 
is  probable  double  the  amount  of  time  would  have  been  required 
for  revision.  In  the  first  place  I  went  critically  over  the  colle(5lion 
species  by  species  to  discover  ( i )  whether  the  specific  identifica- 
tions are  correct,  (2)  whether  the  species  are  referred  to  the  proper 
groups,  (3)  whether  any  typographical  errors  occurred  on  the  reg- 
ister or  labels,  and  (4)  whether  the  group  names  are  those  now 
adopted  by  naturalists.  In  general  the  species  appear  to  be  very 
corre(5lly  named,  ever3'thiug  considered,  though  the  names  are  not 
always  those  in  use  at  present.  A  small  number  of  typographical 
errors  were  detected,  but  probably  no  more  than  would  be  found 
in  most  collecflions  thus  labelled. 

The  most  important  part  of  the  revision  consisted  in  the  sub- 
stitution of  names  in  current  use  for  others  now  obsolete  but  which 
had  been  used  by  Garrett  and  his  correspondents,  and  the  cor- 
rection of  cases  where  one  species  had  been  received  from  different 
places  and  correspondents  under  more  than  one  name.  A  good 
many  such  cases  were  found.  All  these  correcflions  have  been 
entered  in  red  ink  on  the  regi.ster  of  the  collection  except  in  cases 
where  some  more  lengthy  explanation  seemed  necessary,  in  which 
case  notes  were  made  on  separate  sheets  of  paper  with  cross  refer- 
ences to  the  regi.ster.  Similar  corrections  will  be  made  by  me  on 
the  copy  of  the  portions  of  the  register  which  I  shall  carry  to 
Washington  and  a  skeleton  of  the  classification  at  present  adopted, 
including  families  and  genera  in  their  natural  order,  will  be  re- 
turned to  you  as  soon  as  completed. 

With  this  schedule  of  groups  and  the  corrections  noted  to  the 
individual  species  in  the  register,  the  relabelling  and  rearrange- 
ment in  modern  form  of  the  entire  collection  will  be  mereh*  a  mat- 
ter requiring  intelligent  clerical  work  which  may  be  done  by  au}^ 
careful  person  whether  acquainted  with  mollusks  or  not.  I  .shall 
be  glad,  however,  should  it  facilitate  your  work,  to  examine  at 
any  time  type-written  copy  intended  for  the  printer  so  as  to  elimi- 
nate any  inaccuracies  which  might  creep  in. 

I  would  recommend  for  the  library  the  purchase  of  a  copy  of 


CoUccfio)!  of  .Ifol/iisca .  .  13 

Dr.  Paul  Fischer's  Manual  de  Conchyliologie,  Paris,  V.  vSavy,  1888, 
for  reference.  Though  like  all  manuals  it  is  behind  the  times  in 
some  parts  of  its  classification,  yet  it  contains  an  enormous  volume 
of  facts  and  man>-  illustrations.  It  is  almost  indispensable  as  a 
book  of  reference  and  costs  onl}-  some  thirty  francs. 

To  supplement  Tryon's  Manvial,  which  does  not  cover  the 
bivalves  or  the  fresh  water  and  terrestrial  pedlinibranch  gastro- 
pods, probably  the  be.st  iconography  is  the  new  edition  of  Chem- 
nitz" Conchylien  Cabinet,  edited  by  Dr.  W.  Kobelt. 

As  a  work  giving  the  latest  information  on  the  anatomical 
side  the  best  is  the  new  edition  of  Bronn's  Klassen  und  Ordnungen 
der  Thierreichs,  Molluska,  edited  by  Dr.  H.  Simroth.  The  pos- 
session of  these  three  works  will  put  the  library  in  a  position  to 
meet  any  demands  from  students  which  are  likely  to  be  made  on  it 
for  some  years  to  come. 

\"ery  respecflfully, 

\VM.   H.   DAI.I., 
Palaeontologist  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey:   Cur.  Dept.  Mollusks, 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Dr.  Dall,  who  at  the  conclusion  of  his  ^•isit  met  the  Trustees 
and  accepted  the  title  of  Honorary  Curator  of  Mollusca,  prepared 
a  completely  corrected  list,  in  which  all  changes  of  name  to  suit 
modern  views  are  noted,  and  the  material  so  arranged  that  it  will 
be  possible  to  print  the  catalogue  of  what,  in  the  opinion  of  Dr. 
Dall,  is  a  remarkably  good  collecT:ion,  especially  in  the  shells  of 
the  Pacific  Region.  When  these  changes  can  be  adopted  and  new 
labels  printed  we  shall  have  nearly  10,000  species  arranged  in  the 
most  modern  way.  The  duplicates  are  being  arranged  to  facilitate 
exchanges,  but  the  native  Achatinellidae,  Avhich  are  most  in  de- 
mand, we  have  not  enough  of  for  exchanges,  nor  can  the\-  be  prop- 
erlv  determined  until  Messrs.  Sykes  in  London  and  Pilsbry  in 
Philadelphia,  who  are  now  stud3'ing  the  family,  shall  have  given 
us  the  result  of  their  labors  which  will  doubtless  relegate  many  of 
the  present  species  to  the  rank  of  varieties.  The  list  of  acce.s.sions 
in  this  Department  will  appear  later  on . 


14  Di?rctors  Annual  Report. 

Publications.  During  the  year  the  Trustees  authorized  the 
publication  of  the  first  part  of  the  Memoirs  of  the  Museum  con- 
taining an  illustrated  account  of  Hawaiian  Feather  Work  by  the 
Direc5lor.     The  edition  of  this  work  was  limited  to  300  copies. 

The  exchanges  established  by  means  of  our  publications  have 
already  brought  good  returns  :  in  no  case  has  an  exchange  been 
declined,  and  it  will  be  seen  by  the  li.st  of  exchanges  appended 
that  man}'  of  the  most  important  institutions  pursuing  the  same 
lines  as  this  Museum  are  there  represented:  some  of  their  most 
valuable  publications  are  already  on  our  shelves. 

During  the  year  nearly  12,000  labels  were  printed  for  the 
Conchological  Department  and  many  hundred  for  other  depart- 
ments. Large  general  labels,  notices,  receipts,  tables,  letterheads, 
book  plates,  etc.,  have  kept  our  printing  office  busy,  and  it  has 
been  a  very  necessary  assivStance  to  the  work  of  the  Museum.  The 
outfit  has  proved  sufficient,  and  well  suited  to  our  needs.  The 
work  of  this  office  has  called  forth  very  gratifying  approval  from 
some  of  the  best  judges  abroad. 

Ethnological  Department.  Early  in  the  year  we  received 
from  a  gentleman  on  the  island  of  Malekula,  New  Hebrides,  a 
collec5lion  of  remarkable  interest.  The  sacred  tree  drums  of  the 
New  Hebrideans  have  long  been  known  to  ethnologists,  but  I  have 
seen  only  one  in  any  of  the  museums  of  Europe  or  America, — that 
in  the  Musee  de  Marine  in  the  Louvre.  We  have  now  two  fine 
specimens.  What  the  wood  is  I  am  unable  to  say,  but  it  is  of  re- 
markable hardness  and  high  specific  gravity.  The  labor  of  exca- 
vating the  interior  through  the  long  longitudinal  slit  which  is  only 
two  inches  wide  must  have  been  excessive.  The  drums  are  placed 
in  Polynesian  Hall  and  one  is  shown  in  Fig.  i.  The  total  height 
is  9  ft.  8  in.;  circumference  at  base,  43  in.;  length  of  slit,  47  in. 
The  drum  not  figured  is  smaller,  the  dimensions  being  8  ft.  3  in. 
high,  31  in.  in  circumference,  slit  39  in.  long,   2  in.  wide.     Photo- 


fi-oiii    Malckula . 


15 


Sped  tin  }i 

graphs  are  in  the  Museum  collediou  showing  groups  of  these  tree 
drums,  and  the  manner  of  beating  upon  them  by  stones  wrapped 
in  kapa  or  other  vegetable   fibre.      The   sculpture   of  the   head   is 

broad  and  rude  but  evi-    , ^^^  Hebrides  ^ 

dently  follows  some  can-  .  ____,^ 

on  as  there  is  a  strong- 
family  likeness.  Idols 
are  made  in  similar 
fashion  but  without  the 
void  within.  Two  large 
idols  car\-ed  from  tree 
ferns  accompany  these 
( Fig.  2  ) .  They  are  wor- 
shipped by  the  sacrifice 
of  pigs,  and  in  some  of 
the  photographs  the  por- 
cine bones  of  the  offer- 
ings mount  to  the  chins 
of  the  figures.  The  face 
is  decorated  with  color 
of  a  chalky  nature  broad- 
ly laid  on.  As  the  im- 
ages stand  the  fern  is 
inverted,  the  root  mass 
serving  for  head.  One 
image  is  7  ft.  10  in.,  the 
other  7  ft.  4  in. 

Four  figures  of  a  processional  nature,  made  of  bambu  and 
twigs,  with  caricatures  of  human  heads.  Two  of  the.se  (Fig.  3) 
have  human  crania  with  the  facial  region  covered  with  some  plas- 
tic material,  and  the  nose  is  inordinately  prolonged  as  if  in  protest 
against  the  niggardly  allotment  of  Nature.  The  third  has  no  hu- 
man bone  but  cotton  wool  simulates  it.     The  fourth  is  of  a  phallic 


Fic;.  I 


i6 


Director  s  Annual  Report. 


Fio.  2. 


Sp(U'i»i('>is  fioiii  Ma  Irk  Ilia . 


17 


nature  not  unlike  those  used  l)y  the  Japanese  in  certain  festivals. 
These  Malekulan  images  were,  when  exhibited  in  public,  adorned 
with  fern  fronds  and  hibiscus  flowers,  the  frames  lasting  for  several 
occasions.     With  these  came  some  very  neatly  woven  mats  used 


FIG.   3. 

for  women's  dresses,  scant  but  sufficient.  Very  important  were 
a  complete  skeleton  of  a  Malekulan  man  and  the  skull  of  a  woman. 
The  former  has  been  admirably  mounted  and  will  be  a  most  inter- 
esting member  of  the  collection  it  i ;  hoped  to  have  of  all  the  diverse 
tribes  and  races  in  this  region.      The  female  skull  shows  a  curious 

O.  p.:    B.  p.  B.  M.— Vol.  I.,  No.  2. 


Director's  Annual  Report. 


FIG.  4. 


Moriori  Iiiiplciiioits 


19 


feature  :  we  are  assured  that  it  is  customary  to  extract  the  four  upper 
incisors  as  an  ante-nuptial  precaution,  and  our  skull  is  then  that  of  a 
married  woman.  We  have  been  promised  a  complete  female  skeleton. 
From  the  Chatham  Islands  we  were  fortunate  enough  to  pro- 
cure a  colledlion  of  implements  made  nearly  forty  years  ago  by  an 
old  resident.  Since  then  an  agent  of  an  English  museum  has 
swept  the  group  bare.      Moriori  implements  are  very  rare  in  col- 


FIG.  5. 

le(5lions  and  the  people  are  nearly  extinct.  In  many  of  the  speci- 
mens the  Maori  resemblances  are  plain,  but  the  collecftion  seems 
worthy  of  a  more  complete  exposition  and  illustration  than  can  be 
given  in  the  limits  of  this  report. 

Usually  we  have  been  dependent  on  the  "Morning  Star"  for 
Micronesian  specimens,  but  this  year  we  have  obtained  from  an- 
other source  several  good  things  that  were  not  in  the  Museum. 
A  curious  hairpin  (Fig.  4)  with  a  Tercbra  shell  truncated  and 
cemented  with  a  resin  to  a  polished  Mcleagriiia  shell  for  a  top,  and 
a  band  of  beads  of  coconut  shell  and   the   red  Spondylus  so  prized 


20 


Dircdoj^'s  Annual  Report. 


in  the  Carolines.  A  good  series  of  rasps  { Fig.  lo )  and  two  shell  adzes 
(Fig.  5)  from  the  Gilbert  Islands,  and  several  good  shell  necklaces 
were  also  added.  In  the  Hawaiian  matters  we  have  received  by 
the  kindness  of  Mr.  C.  C.  Willoughby  a  cast  of  a  most  interesting 


FIG.  6. 


and  peculiar  stoue  poi  -  pounder  which  I  saw  in  the  Peabody 
Museum  at  Cambridge,  Mass.  A  large  flat  stone  dish  (Fig.  6), 
once  in  a  heiau  on  Molokai,  is  the  largest  worked  stone  dish  of 
Hawaiian  origin  I  have  yet  seen. 

Natural   History   Department.     From    Mr.    Koebele  we 
obtained  some  fine  bird  skins,  and  from  Ward's  Esta]:)lishnient  at 


hijormation   Fiiniishcd .  21- 

Rochester,  New  York,  a  laro^e  colleclion  of  pakeozoic  corals  from 
the  Niagara  region.  From  the  same  source  we  have  obtained  an 
excellent  series  of  n>ounted  skeletons  or  vertebrates  found  in  the 
Pacific  region.  Among  the  mounted  mammals  furnished  by 
Ward's  mention  should  be  made  of  a  fine  Pacific  walrus,  a  pair  of 
fur  seals  and  a  sea  lion.  Other  accessions  will  be  noticed  in  the 
lists  appended. 

As  a  Bureau  of  Information.  So  far  as  has  been  possi- 
ble the  Museum  staff  have  endeavored  to  answer  questions  as  to 
matters  within  the  province  of  their  work.  Hitherto  mOvSt  of  this 
information  has  been  sought  by  persons  abroad,  and  of  this  two 
illustrations  may  be  given.  We  have  in  the  colle(5lion  one  of  those 
most  interesting  stick  charts  {Mede)  formerly  used  by  the  Marshall 
Islanders.  These  have  become  ver}-  rare  as  the}-  have  not  been 
made  or  used  for  many  years,  and  those  in  the  museums  of  the 
world  could  be  counted  on  the  fingers  of  one  hand.  An  ofhcer  of 
the  Italian  government  sought  some  time  ago  for  information  con- 
cerning this,  and  lately  a  distinguished  geographer  of  Hamburg 
has  requested  and  obtained  photographs  and  such  information  as 
was  available.  So  far  as  I  am  aware  our  specimen  is  the  best 
known,  and  we  have  also  in  necessary  complement  a  model  of  the 
stick  compass  used  with  the  mede.  This  compass  has  not  been 
noticed  by  most  of  those  who  have  studied  the  mede,  and  we  owe 
it  to  Dr.  Hyde's  painstaking  that  this  was  obtained  and  its  use 
learned  from  Marshall  Islanders  who  had  not  forgotten  the  arts  of 
their  ancestors. 

In  the  United  States  several  machines  have  been  invented  for 
winding  thread  and  cord  in  fancy  patterns,  and  one  form  was 
found  desirable  because  it  was  most  stable  and  kept  its  form  until 
nearly  unwound.  In  litigation  over  the  patent  it  was  suggested 
that  this  was  a  method  of  winding  well  known  to  this  region,  and 
on  appeal  to  this  Museum  photographs  were  sent  which  determined 
the  matter.     The  peculiar  wind  is  interesting  and  as  it  is  wide 


22 


Director' s  Annual  Report, 


FIG.  7. 


spread  through  Polyne.'^ia  and  Micronesia  I  give  ilhistrations 
(Figs.  7  and  S)  both  of  the  coconut  cord  and  of  the  imitation  of  the 
inventive  American.  Many  can  remember  in  the  early  days  of  the 
Micronesian  mission  Honolulu  was  well  supplied  with  the  trim 
rolls  of  coconut  cord  and  sennit  brought  b}'  the  "Morning  Star." 


F.x pi  oration. 


23 


Much  less  success  has  attended  the  efforts  of  the  Diredlor  to 
obtain  for  the  information  of  visitors  products  of  these  islands. 
The  collection  of  samples  is  growing  slowly  but  not  by  the  help  of 
the  producers  who  should  be  most  interested.  No  plantation  has 
ever  sent  a  specimen  of  sugar,  rice,  tea,  fibres  or  fruit.  I  have  by 
purchase  in  the  market  or  by  the  kindness  of  individuals  collected 
a  number  of  typical  producfts   which   will   be   on   exhibition  when 


FIG.  8. 

cases  are  provided  for  Hawaiian  Hall,  and  it  is  hoped  that  then 
colored  casts  of  the  many  tropical  fruits  raised  in  private  gardens 
ma}'  be  added  to  the  exhibition.  Moulds  of  a  number  of  rare 
fruits  have  been  made  by  the  Director. 

Exploration.  In  October,  with  Mr.  J.  F.  G.  Stokes,  the 
Direcftor  at  the  instance  of  the  Trustees  visited  Hawaii  to  measure 
and  critically  examine  the  heiau  of  Wahiula,  a  temple  originally 
built  by  Paao  when  he  made  land  in  Puna  and  twice  rebuilt.  It 
was  the  last  to  vield  to  the  advance  of  Christianitv,  and  as  it  is  in 


24  Director' s  Annual  Report. 

a  remote  and  unfrequented  place  the  remains  are  in  comparatively 
good  condition  and  have  been  used  neither  for  goat  pen  nor  cattle 
corral.  The  measurements  and  observations  there  obtained  are 
now  being  embodied  in  a  model  of  the  restored  ruins.  A  more  de- 
tailed record  of  the  survey  will  be  reserved  until  an  illustration  of 
the  restored  heiau  can  be  prepared. 

From  the  extreme  of  Puna  we  next  went  to  Kilauea  where 
during  ten  days  of  perfect  weather  we  photographed  the  w^alls  of 
the  crater  from  nearly  fifty  different  positions  on  all  sides  of  the 
circuit,  and  also  made  barometric  observations  to  check  levels. 
This  material  will  be  utilized  later  in  preparing  a  relief  model  of 
Kilauea  on  a  scale  of  xTolT-  I^^  eighteen  previous  visits  extend- 
ing over  thirty-six  years  I  have  never  seen  the  volcsno  so  dormant : 
It  shows  signs  of  entering  into  a  solfataric  condition  which  would 
be  most  unfortunate  for  Hawaii.  Many  specimens  of  lava  were 
collecfted  and  by  the  kindness  of  Mr.  F.  Waldron  of  the  Volcano 
House  some  large  and  splendid  specimens  were  added  to  our  col- 
le(5tion.  Plants  were  not  negleifted  and  photographs  of  both  Waoke 
and  Mamaki,  the  two  principal  plants  used  in  kapa-making,  were 
secured.  Specimens  of  these  and  other  plants  were  added  to  the 
Herbarium.  It  was  interesting  to  note  how  completely  the  Jap- 
anese raspberry  has  become  naturalized  along  the  roads  nearly 
to  the  crater  of  Kilauea.  It  grows  and  bears  in  great  luxuriance 
and  although  its  large  fruit  is  not  of  first  quality  it  is  pleasant  to 
the  taste  and  might,  it  would  seem,  be  improved  by  judicious  cross- 
ing. The  extension  of  plantations  to  within  a  few  miles  of  the 
volcano  has  destroyed  the  wild  and  beautiful  scenery  in  great  part, 
and  where  sugar-cane  is  driving  out  coffee  tlie  broad  coarse  features 
of  the  former  are  an  unpleasant  change  frorii  the  fern  and  ohia  of 
the  old  and  narrow  trail. 

I  have  asked  ni}-  assistants  to  notice  for  this  Report  some  of 
the  specimens  that  seem  notable.  Mr.  Stokes  has  also  prepared  a 
complete  list  of  the  Corals,  both  palaeozoic  and  recent,  in  our  col- 
lection, and  of  the  librarv  accessions  as  well. 


TH1-:  MAT  SAILS  01-  THP.  I'ACI1"IC. 

By  John  1-".  G.  Stokes,  Assistant  in  the  Musenni. 

Of  the  useful  arts  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  mat-making  was,  in 
former  da^'S,  one  of  the  most  universally  pracfticed,  the  materials 
used  being  the  leaves  of  the  Pandaniis  odoratissiDuis,  Hibiscus  and 
banana  fibre,  the  fibre  from  the  Phormium  tenax ,  commonly  known 
as  the  New  Zealand  flax,  and  the  sedges  Cypcrus  Icrvigatiis  and 
Scirpiis  lacustris.  Of  these  the  Pandauus  was  in  greatest  request, 
growing  as  it  did  most  spontaneously  throughout  the  tropics,  and 
existing  in  barren  parts  where  most  other  plants  would  die.  Being 
an  evergreen  with  abundant  foliage  the  supply  of  material  never 
ran  short.  When  prepared  the  leaves  were  very  soft  and  pliable, 
yet  having  sufficient  stiffness  to  retain  the  strips  in  position  when 
weaving.  The  Hibiscus  (that  mainly  used  being  the  Paritium 
tiliaceiim)  was  also  plentiful,  but  more  work  being  required  to  pre- 
pare it  and  the  mat  woven  therefrom  not  being  equal  to  the  Pan- 
danus  mat,  less  use  of  it  was  made.  Only  two  or  three  species  of 
banana  were  grown  for  their  fibre  and  these  were  limited  to  the 
Caroline  and  Gilbert  Islands,  and  while  making  a  wonderfully  fine 
mat — one  that  appeared  quite  as  fine  as  our  coarser  linen — it  was 
not  as  strong  as  Hibiscus  or  Pandanus  and  was  manufa(5lured 
mainl)'  as  an  article  of  dress.  The  New  Zealand  flax  was  the  best 
known  fibre  in  that  country,  but  its  use  was  confined  to  New 
Zealand.  As  a  durable  article  it  has  attracfted  the  attention  of 
European  and  American  manufa(5lurers.  The  sedges,  Cypcrus 
liEvigatiis  and  Scirpus  lacustris,  while  no  doubt  growing  elsewhere, 
were  not  used  except  on  one  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  ;  and  there, 
on  account  of  the  extreme  softness  of  the  material  the  mats  were 
very  largely  manufactured  for  the  clothing  of  the  chiefly  families  ; 
but  on  account  of  the  natural  conditions  surrounding  its  growth  it 
could  never  compete  with  the  Pandanus  in  general  usefulness. 

It  will  thus  be  obsen^ed  that  of  the  plants  known  to  the  inhab- 
itants of  the  Pacific  Islands  that  most  in  demand,  and  which  proved 
itself  most  suitable  to  the  wants  of  the  multitude  for  the  purpose  of 
making  mats,  was  the  Pandanus,  and  the  mats  made  from  it  being 
so  .strong  and  pliable  were  always  used  (apart  from  New  Zealand) 
to  supply  the  sails  of  their  canoes.  When  visiting  Samoa,  La 
Perouse  described  a  kind  of  linen,   .stating:    "This  is  made  of  real 

thread  obtained,  no  doubt,  from  some  fibrous  plants,  like  the  nettle 

(25) 


26  Director'' s  Annual  Report. 

or  flax,  and  is  manufactured  without  a  shuttle,  the  threads  being 
passed  between  each  other  as  in  making  mats.  This  cloth,  pos- 
sessing the   strength   and   pliability  of  ours,  is  well  calculated  for 

the  sails  of  their  canoes "     There  can  be  little  doubt  that 

this  material  was  made  from  the  bark  of  the  Hibiscus,  which  on 
being  bleached  and  pounded  by  a  process  known  to  the  Samoans, 
somewhat  resembled  coarse  flax  fibre.  However,  there  has  been 
nothing  to  prove  that  this  cloth  was  ever  used  for  sails,  and 
L,a  Perouse  is  the  only  authorit}',  ancient  or  modern,  who  sug- 
gested the  possibility  of  its  being  so  utilized.  The  Maoris,  of  New 
Zealand,  used  a  sail  of  thick  cloth  or  mat  made  in  a  frame  from 
New  Zealand  flax.     This  was  the  only  fibre  known  to  them. 

The  mode  of  preparing  the  Pandanus  leaves  was  similar  in  all 
the  islands  and  the  following  description  will  suffice  :  The  prickly 
edges  were  plucked  off  with  a  shell,  and  the  leaves  then  rolled  up 
and  baked  in  a  native  oven.  After  baking  the}^  were  strung 
together  and  placed  in  the  sea  to  bleach  for  five  to  seven  days,  and 
then  rinsed  in  fresh  water  and  placed  in  the  sun  for  dr3'ing  and 
further  bleaching.  When  thoroughly  dry  they  were  slit  into  thin 
strips  with  another  shell,  which  made  them  ready  for  the  weaver. 

When  not  weaving  mats  for  sails  the  custom  was  for  the 
weaver  to  commence  on  the  square  base  of  the  mat  and  after  weav- 
ing a  strip  of  the  proposed  breadth,  to  continue  to  weave  forward 
until  the  required  measurements  were  reached.  This  necessitated 
the  spreading  out  of  the  entire  work  over  a  level  space  on  the 
ground,  and  the  weaver  was  obliged  to  move  along  as  the  mat 
grew.  Of  course  these  mats,  made  for  sleeping  or  wearing,  it  was 
necessary  to  weave  in  one  piece,  but  with  the  matting  for  sails  the 
process  was  simplified  for  the  weaver,  the  mats  being  woven  in 
pieces  of  many  shapes,  which  being  of  small  size  could  be  easier 
handled  by  the  maker.  The  sails  throughout  Micronesia  were 
always  made  in  strips  varying  in  width  from  four  inches  to  three  feet, 
the  Micronesians  being  particularly  apt  in  this  form  of  mat-making. 
The  Marshall  Islanders,  who  are  among  the  most  expert  canoe 
builders  and  sailors  in  the  Pacific,  use  a  lapboard  cut  from  bread- 
fruit wood  i^Artocarpus  incisa)  on  which  the  mat  is  woven.  The 
board  is  arched  and  sets  very  comfortably  in  the  lap  of  a  person  sit- 
ting on  the  ground .  The  strips  of  matting  as  woven  are  passed  from 
the  board  and  neatly  rolled  up.  The  accompanying  illustration 
(P"ig.  9)  shows  one  of  these  boards  and  a  sail  strip,  both  being  ex- 


\H!   HISHOH   MURIUM 


FIG.  9.       BOARD    FOR    MAT    WEAVING. 


Mat  Sails  of  the  Pacific.  27 

liibits  in  the  Bishop  Museum .  The  strip  of  mat  has  four  dark  strands 
of  dyed  Hibiscus  fibre  woven  in  on  top  of  the  usual  strands  of  Pan- 
danus  ;  this  is  a  favorite  method  of  ornamentation  among  the  Mar- 
shall Islanders.  The  weaving  commenced  on  the  left  side,  and 
the  strands  were  cut  to  about  twenty  inches  in  length,  being  long 
enough  to  pass  round  the  three  strands  of  Pandanus  used  to  form 
the  border  at  the  right  and  reach  the  left  edge  again,  where  after 
being  wo\-en  in  about  half  an  inch  the}'  were  trimmed  off.  It 
might  be  noticed  that  at  regular  intervals  along  the  left-hand 
border  some  strands  were  allowed  to  protrude;  at  this  edge,  as 
stated,  the  fresh  strands  were  applied,  and  when  secured  four  ends 
out  of  every  seven  were  trimmed  off ;  the  three  remaining  butts 
being  left  to  guide  the  weaver  in  inserting  the  black  ornamental 
strands.  This  strip  is  4^  inches  wide,  while  the  breadth  of  the 
strands  varies  from  -32  to  yk  inch. 

Having  woven  a  great  length  of  sail  the  strips  were  placed 
together  with  edges  overlapping  and  sewed  with  a  thread  made 
from  coconut  fibre  or  twisted  Pandanus,  the  ends  of  the  strips,  on 
the  edges  of  the  sail  being  turned  under  and  doubly  sewed  with 
the  coconut  fibre,  which  material  is  also  used  to  bend  the  sail  to 
the  spars.  A  sail  made  in  this  fashion  is  very  strong  and  will 
stand  a  great  strain.  It  is  about  twice  as  heavy  as  an  ordinary 
mat,  and  little  heavier  than  canvas,  and  if  wet  becomes  danger- 
ous to  use  when  suspended  from  the  mast.  The  Micronesians  in  a 
rain  storm  prefer  to  lower  the  sail  and  roll  it  up  in  an  envelope  of 
Pandanus  or  banana  leaves  which  they  generally  carry  for  that 
purpose. 

The  Hawaiian  sail  was  made  in  strips,  but  that  of  Tahiti  seems 
to  have  been  composed  of  several  large  square  mats  sewn  together, 
and  could  not  have  been  a  very  strong  combination.  The  New 
Zealand  sails  were  made  of  strips  of  the  "flax"  matting  or  cloth 
and  sewn  together,  and  a  handsome  pattern  of  ornamentation  fre- 
quently introduced,  i.e.,  that  of  the  "bent  knee."  In  all  cases  the 
work  of  weaving  devolved  on  the  women,  while  the  men  attended 
to  the  sewing  and  shaping  of  the  sail. 

The  question  may  arise,  "Why  was  it  necessary  to  use  mats  of 
any  kind  for  sails?  Was  there  no  other  material?"  The  only 
other  material  within  reach  of  the  Pacific  Islanders  was  the  paper 
cloth  beaten  out  from  the  bark  of  various  trees  and  called  Kapa  in 


28  Diredo)-' s  Annual  Report. 

the  Hawaiian  Islands,  and  Tapa  or  Siapo  by  other  Polynesians. 
This  cloth  was  not  tough  or  durable,  and  could  stand  little  wear 
even  when  dr}',  while  were  it  wet  the  fibre  would  soon  become  dis- 
joined and  the  kapa  be  dispersed. 

Who  taught  these  people  the  use  of  the  sail  and  whence  they 
procured  their  patterns  is  as  much  conjedture  as  is  the  origin  of  the 
Polynesian  race  at  the  present  day,  but  it  might  be  interesting  here 
since  it  is  generally  conceded  by  competent  authorities  that  the 
Polynesians  emigrated  from  some  part  of  Asia,  to  give  short  de- 
scriptions of  the  sails  of  the  east  coast  of  this  continent,  with  those 
of  the  Islands,  made  principall}'  long  before  the  time  when  the 
influence  of  European  civilization  began  to  dominate  the  races 
which  are  considered  inferior.  The  authorities  here  quoted  are  the 
voyages  of  the  earliest  Kuropean  navigators,  but  great  difficulty 
has  been  experienced  in  gleaning  information  concerning  the  sails 
from  even  these ;  for,  while  the  canoes  in  nearly  every  instance 
took  the  fancy  of  the  voyagers  by  their  novelty,  the  sails  were 
passed  by  with  but  a  word. 

The  Chinese  sail  has  retained  its  shape  since  the  first  visit  of 
the  Western  civilizer,  until  very  modern  times,  that  .seen  today 
being  practically  the  same  which  Anson  saw  on  his  visit :  it  was  a 
large  trapezoidal  sail,  the  breadth  being  less  than  the  length,  made 
of  mats  woven  from  rattan  {Calaniiis  rotang)  into  long  strips  the 
length  of  the  sail — .stretched  across  the  sail  parallel  to  the  top  yard 
and  deck  were  bambu  poles  about  three  feet  apart ;  the  reason  for 
this  being  to  .strengthen  the  matting,  and  also  no  doubt  to  prevent 
the  sail  bagging  and  carrying  dead  wind.  The  sail  of  the  Japan- 
ese was  of  a  shape  known  as  a  square  sail,  attached  to  a  large  yard 
at  the  top  of  a  tall  mast,  its  length  being  perhaps  half  as  long  again 
as  its  breadth.  This  sail  was  composed  of  long  narrow  strips  of 
cloth  running  the  length  of  the  sail  and  laced  together.  It  was 
admirably  suited  for  moving  before  the  wind,  but  for  tacking  was 
useless.  In  Formosa  and  the  L^iu  Kiu  Islands  the  sails  are  after 
the  fashion  of  the  Chinese,  but  the  Liu  Kiu  people  have  also 
been  known  to  u.se  sails  of  cloth.  In  the  Philippine  Islands,  when 
at  Manila,  La  Perouse  portrayed  "A  Parao  or  Passage  Boat  of 
Manila"  having  two  sails  almost  identical  with  those  of  the  Chi- 
nese, and  being  undoubtedly  of  Chinese  origin.  Throughout  the 
Malayan  Archipelago  mat  sails  were  used,  there  being  one  general 


Mat  Sails  of  tlw  Pacific.  29 

form  for  all — a  rectangular  or  rhoniboidal  sail  bent  to  a  yard  and  a 
boom,  and  construclied  of  strips  of  mat  fastened  together.  It  had, 
with  few  exceptions,  the  breadth  greater  than  the  length,  and  was 
generally  slung  from  the  mast  at  a  considerable  height  from  the 
deck,  with  the  after  part  of  the  sail  raised  above  the  fore  part. 
This  pattern  was  found  to  the  eastward  as  far  as  New  Guinea,  but 
at  various  localities  the  rig  was  modified.  At  Amboina  in  place 
of  one  mast  two  were  erecled  and  bound  together  at  the  top, 
resembling  closely  sheers  used  for  raising  the  mast  out  of  a  vessel. 
At  Port  Dorey  and  other  settlements  on  Northern  New  Guinea 
three  masts  were  fixed,  in  a  straight  line,  with  the  upper  ends 
fastened  together.  This  sail  w^as  not  seen  east  of  New  Guinea. 
Making  another  commencement  on  the  south  coast  of  New  Guinea 
a  sail  entirely  different  was  seen.  The  shape  of  this  may  be  said 
to  have  resembled  an  attenuated  arrow  head  with  the  haft  removed 
and  the  tips  of  the  thin  barbs  contradled.  The  sail  was  provided 
with  a  sprit  and  a  boom  of  equal  length,  the  sprit  being  about  twice 
the  height  of  the  mast  and  having  the  lower  end  stepped  in  a  chock 
on  the  deck  near  the  foot  of  the  mast.  The  sailing  canoes  w^ere 
double  and  sometimes  treble,  and  carried  tw'O  or  more  sails.  The 
shape  of  this  sail  held  with  little  variation  among  the  islands  to  the 
eastward  almost  as  far  as  Fiji,  and  then  became  merged  into  the 
triangular  sail  of  the  Fijians.  The  people  of  New  Hebrides  had  a 
sail  shaped  just  as  on  the  south  of  New  Guinea,  but  the  mast, 
stepped  on  top  of  a  house  built  on  the  deck  inclined  forward  to  lie 
almost  horizontal,  and  served  more  as  a  support  for  the  sprit  than 
an  appliance  from  which  to  fly  the  sail.  The  New  Caledonian 
sails  were  simply  described  as  triangvilar.  The  sails  of  Fiji  and 
Tonga  resembled  those  just  described  as  regards  the  spars,  but  the 
ends  of  the  sprit  and  boom  were  wide  apart  and  the  sails  extended 
flush  with  the  extremes. 

To  the  north  and  north-west  of  Fiji,  among  the  Gilbert  Isl- 
ands, Micronesia  and  the  Marianas,  the  sails  were  more  of  the 
latteen  type  than  any  others  in  the  Pacific,  but  differed  from  the 
latteen  in  having,  besides  a  sprit  or  yard,  a  boom  of  almost  equal 
length.  These  sails  were  suspended  from  a  mast  which  was  set  on 
a  platform  built  on  the  beams  of  the  outrigger  and  standing  direclly 
over  the  gunwale  next  the  outrigger.  Of  course  there  were  minor 
differences  in  the  proportions  peculiar  to  the  many  islands,  but  the 


3©  Director's  Annual  Report. 

distiiicftion  was  more  marked  in  the  rigging  and  build  of  the  canoe 
than  in  the  sail.  These  vessels  sailed  close  to  the  wind,  and  were 
shaped  bow  and  stern  alike.  When  tacking  the  helm  was  put  up 
instead  of  down,  and  the  sail  being  shortened  by  rolling  up  partly 
the  heel  was  lifted  from  the  notch  it  had  been  set  in  and  carried  to 
the  other  end  where  it  was  again  fixed — the  sail  being  kept  to  lee- 
ward of  the  mast.  For  the  purpose  of  shortening  sail  two  ropes 
were  passed  through  the  masthead  and  fastened  to  the  boom,  one 
on  each  side  of  the  sail.  It  might  be  well  to  mention  that  the  out- 
rigger was  always  kept  to  windward  of  the  hull  when  sailing,  for 
if  to  leeward  the  weight  of  the  wind  might  easily  force  it  under 
water  and  a  capsize  would  promptly  ensue.  The  mast  in  some 
places,  the  Caroline  Islands  notably,  was  inclined  forward  with  the 
sail,  and  with  each  tack  the  stays  were  loosed  and  the  mast  moved, 
the  masthead  always  leaning  in  the  direction  of  the  boat's  course. 

The  Gilbert  Islanders,  besides  the  sail  here  described,  which 
was  used  for  the  larger  craft,  possessed  a  small  sail  bent  to  a  mast 
and  a  boom,  the  boom  being  fastened  to  hang  at  an  angle  of  50°  to 
the  mast.  This  sail  was  used  on  a  small  canoe  for  a  single  indi- 
vidual and  was  a  simple  sail  for  one  man  to  work. 

The  Tongans  had  been  noted  sailors  for  many  years,  but  they 
admitted  having  acquired  their  proficiency  through  the  Fijians, 
whose  methods  and  pattern  they  had  adopted,  and  were  considered 
by  some  to  have  surpassed  their  preceptors.  The  Fijians  early 
made  trading  voyages  to  Tonga  and  Samoa,  and  while  the  Samoans 
were  reputed  to  have  built  wonderful  vessels  in  ancient  times  and 
to  have  led  expeditions  to  far  distant  lands,  our  earl}-  explorers 
seemed  to  have  little  opinion  of  the  Samoan  vessels.  Cook  named 
Samoa  the  Navigator's  Islands,  not  from  what  he  saw,  but  from 
what  the  natives  told  him.  Two  kinds  of  sails  have  been  found  at 
Samoa  ;  one  was  large  and  shaped  like  that  of  the  Fijians,  through 
whom  no  doubt  the  pattern  originated,  and  the  other  was  like  that 
used  on  the  Gilbert  Island  small  canoe,  and  might  properly  be 
considered  as  the  type  of  the  older  Samoan  sail.  There  are  old 
legends  inferring  that  the  Maoris  of  New  Zealand  set  out  from 
Samoa,  and  it  .should  be  here  remarked  that  the  sails  described  in 
"Cook's  Third  Voyage"  and  by  d'Urville  in  the  Astrolabe,  and  fig- 
ured in  the  voyage  of  the  Coqnille,  are  of  the  same  shape  as  the 
Samoan  lastly  described. 


/\av-ski)i  Rasps.  31 

The  sail  of  the  Society  Islander  was  in  the  shape  of  a  half  moon. 
A  sprit  or  boom  was  fastened  to  the  mast  near  the  foot  and  curved 
upwards  to  a  height  a  third  more  than  that  of  the  mast,  which  was 
vertical,  the  upper  end  of  the  sprit  being  dire(5lly  over  the  mast- 
head. The  sail  thus  being  enclosed  in  a  case,  and  pracflically  a 
fixture  when  set,  was  awkward  to  work  and  when  a  squall  came  it 
was  necessary  to  keep  the  head  of  the  vessel  to  the  wind,  for  which 
purpose  several  of  the  crew  jumped  into  the  water  and  swam  at 
the  bow.  The  only  means  of  reefing  was  to  unloose  the  sprit 
at  foot  and  roll  the  sail  around  it.  During  squalls  capsizes  were 
not  uncommon  and  the  means  employed  to  right  the  vessel  were 
thus :  After  making  everything  fast  the  head  of  the  sail  was 
brought  to  windward,  and  a  line  being  taken  from  it  and  passed 
over  the  outrigger  (which  was  kept  to  leeward)  several  hands,  by 
their  weight  on  the  outrigger  and  pulling  at  the  line,  lifted  the  sail 
out  of  the  water  some  little  way  ;  then,  the  wind  getting  under  the 
sail  righted  the  canoe.  Some  men  remained  in  the  water  to  keep 
the  head  to  the  wind,  and  when  bailed  the  canoe  continued  her 
voyage.     Many  of  these  canoes  had  two  sails. 

The  Hawaiian  sail  was  shaped  somewhat  like  that  of  the 
Society  Islands,  but  the  top  of  the  sprit  was  on  a  level  with  the 
masthead,  near  which  it  was  held  by  a  cord.  The  leech  of  the 
sail  dropped  gracefully  between  these  two  points,  like  that  of 
Southern  New  Guinea.  This  sail,  while  no  doubt  having  an 
artistic  appearance,  was  not  the  most  effeClive,  and  as  early  as 
1823,  the  Rev.  Wm.  Ellis  in  his  "Tour  Through  Hawaii"  wrote: 
"The  sails  they  now  use  are  made  of  mats,  cut  in  imitation  of  the 
sprit  sails  of  foreign  boats,  which  they  say  they  find  much  better 
than  the  kind  of  sail  they  had  when  first  visited  by  foreigners." 

There  are  two  other  important  groups  of  islands  to  be  dealt 
with — the  Marquesas  Islands  and  the  Paumotu  Archipelago.  The 
sail  of  the  Marquesas  Islands  as  seen  by  Cook  in  his  second  voy- 
age and  James  Wilson  in  the  Duff,  1796-8,  was  not  of  much  value 
to  its  owner,  as  at  best  it  was  a  clumsy  contrivance  built  after  the 
shape  of  the  New  Zealand  sail  but  of  indifferent  materials,  the 
mast,  boom  and  matting  showing  great  want  of  care.  These  peo- 
ple in  Cook's  time  w^ere  not  such  expert  sailors  as  the  other  Pol)-- 
nesians,  though  Alex.  Dalrymple  states  in  his  "Voyages  and  Dis- 
coveries in  the   South  Pacific  Ocean,"  Ivondon,  1770,  that  w^hen 


32  Dhrdoj^'s  An  mm  I  Report. 

Mendana  visited  the  group  (1595)  they  had   much   better  canoes 
and  sails  than  two  hundred  3'ears  later. 

As  regards  the  Paumotu  Archipelago — these  islands  were  little 
visited  in  former  times  on  account  of  the  difficulty  of  the  naviga- 
tion. The  gentlemen  of  the  Wilkes  exploring  expedition  were  the 
first  to  describe  these  parts,  and  there  was  no  information  given 
concerning  the  sails.  The  Paumotuans  had  large  double  canoes 
which  traded  between  the  innumerable  small  islands,  and  from  a 
model  of  a  canoe  in  the  Bishop  Museum  from  Manihi  Island  it  was 
ascertained  that  the  sails  were  similar  to  those  of  the  Caroline  Isl- 
ands. The  canoe  model  was  made  within  the  last  twent}-  years, 
and  there  is  little  to  show  that  the  style  of  sail  was  not  of  modern 
introduction.  There  are  two  sails  on  the  model,  suspended  from 
two  vertical  masts. 


RAY-SKIN  RASPS. 

By  Allen  M.  Walcott,  Assistant  in  the  Museum. 

Among  the  specimens  in  the  Gilbert  Islands  section  of  Poly- 
nesian Hall  are  the  four  rasps  shown  in  Fig.  10.  These  implements 
are  more  or  less  common  throughout  the  islands  of  the  Pacific. 
The  outside  or  rasping  portion  is  the  skin  from  the  back  of  a  spe- 
cies of  Trygon  or  sting-ray  not  uncommon  in  the  waters  about  the 
islands.  Any  convenient  piece  of  wood  makes  the  handle  and  core, 
No.  3  having  for  a  center  a  portion  of  the  leg  of  a  foreign  chair. 
As  this  skin  wdien  dry  cannot  be  bent  readih'  it  is,  while  wet  and 
pliable,  sewed  firmly  around  the  wood  with  coconut  fibre  thread. 
It  will  be  seen  from  the  illustration  that  the  tubercles  on  the  differ- 
ent rasps  vary  much  in  size,  and  this  is  due  to  the  age  of  the  fish 
from  which  the  skin  is  taken. 

The  various  grades  were  adapted  to  the  work  to  be  done. 
Almost  their  sole  use  was  to  enable  the  Gilbert  Islanders  to  so 
shape  the  edges  of  the  boards  of  their  canoes  that  when  sewed 
together  they  were  water-tight.  As  the  Gilbert  Islands  are  low 
coral  atolls  the  trees  are  generally  not  large  enough  to  be  used  for 
dug-out  canoes  ;  hence  the  necessity  for  using  planks.  These  were 
obtained  from  the  breadfruit  tree  {Artocarpiis  incisa).  For  the 
making  of  the  great  proas,   with  a  length  of  seventy  feet  and  a 


I 
i 


BERNICE  PM/vHI  BISHOP  MUSEUM. 


Kiia:  :,iiv_ft.j-3.'^'' 


FIG.    lO.       RAY-SKIN    RASFS. 


Field  Notes  on   the  Birds  of  Oaliu.  3-5 

depth  of  seven  or  eight,  the  nuinl)er  of  pieces  and  the  work  were 
considerable.  During  the  building  each  board,  before  it  was  per- 
manently fastened,  was  placed  upon  its  lower  neighbor  edge  to 
edge,  between  the  two  being  a  strip  of  pandanus  leaf  well  covered 
with  charcoal.  In  this  manner  the  points  needing  to  be  reduced 
were  blackened  as  a  guide  to  the  rasp.  Such  fine  work  was  not 
suitalde  for  the  shell  adzes  of  the  islanders. 

For  many  years  the  natives  have  generally  used  steel  rasps, 
when  obtainable,  in  place  of  their  less  durable  ones  of  ray-skin. 
The  effedtiveness  of  the  latter  while  it  is  new  is  quite  as  great  as 
of  those  brought  by  the  white  man.  However,  the  tubercles  ordi- 
narily could  be  used  but  a  week  at  most,  being  often  rendered 
useless  by  but  one  day's  hard  work.  The  native  name  is  Tapaugu. 
In  other  island  groups  there  were  also  in  use,  for  reducing  pur- 
poses, shark-skin  rasps,  pumice  and  mushroom  coral  (Fungia), 
some  employing  all  methods  while  others  knew  of  but  one  or  two. 


FIELD  NOTES  ON  THE  BIRDS  OF  OAHU,  H.  I. 

By  Alvin  Seale,  Collecftor  for  the  Museum.     November  12,  1899  to  March  20,  1900. 

Owing  to  the  bubonic  plague  quarantine  these  observations, 
since  January  3,  have  been  restri(5ted  to  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
Honolulu.  The  difficulty  of  collecling  in  these  islands,  with  their 
dense  tropical  jungles  and  knife-like  mountain  ridges,  has  been 
mentioned  by  all  former  collecftors,  and  I  can  oul}-  add,  that  while  I 
have  collecfted  in  difficult  places  before,  including  the  boggy  tundra 
of  Siberia,  the  high  mountains  of  Alaska,  the  Tamerack  swamps  of 
Michigan,  and  the  Everglades  of  Florida,  I  have  found  nothing  that 
could  discourage  an  Ornithologist  so  much  as  one  of  these  islands. 
The  different  species  of  land  birds  found  on  Oahu  are  few  in  number. 
Mr.  Wilson,  in  "Aves  Hawaiienses,"  gives  but  five  existing  forms, 
as  follows: 

Order  PASSERES.  Family  Drepanidae. 

Vestiaria  coccinea.  Oreomyza  maculata. 

Himatione  sanguinea.  Chlorodrepanis  chloris. 

Order  PASSERES.  Family  Muscicapidae. 

Chasiempis  gayi. 

O.  p.:    B.  p.  B.  M.— Vol.  I.,  No.  3. 


34  Directo7'' s  Antuial  Report. 

Order  LONGIPP:nnES.  Famii^y  I^aridae. 

75.     Sterna  fuliginosa,  Gmel.     Ewaewa. 

Sooty  Tern. 

Off  the  east  coast  of  Oahu  two  large  volcanic  rocks,  covering 
perhaps  300  square  feet,  arise  abrviptly  from  the  water  to  the  height 
of  200  feet ;  these  rocks  are  about  a  half-mile  distant  from  the 
shore,  diredlly  off  Mokapu  point.  Owing  to  the  coral  reef,  Heeia, 
six  miles  distant,  is  the  nearest  accessible  point  by  boat.  These 
rocks  are  called  Moku  Manu  (Bird  Island).  I  resolved  at  once  to 
visit  them.  On  January  3,  taking  two  expert  native  boatmen  from 
Heeia,  I  started  down  the  coast.  lyong  before  the  rocks  were 
reached  I  could  see  multitudes  of  birds  hovering  in  the  air  above 
the  rocks  and  looking  exadlly  like  a  swarm  of  bees.  When  about 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  away  I  began  to  hear  the  noise  and  gabble. 
As  we  got  nearer  the  big  Frigate  Bird  {F.  aquila)  could  be  seen 
sailing  about  and  soaring  up  to  wonderful  heights,  surrounding 
these  birds  like  clouds,  but  not  arising  to  such  great  heights,  were 
Sooty  Terns  {Sterna  fuliginosa),  which  by  thousands  were  the 
most  abundant  bird  on  the  rocks.  Flying  among  these  birds  were 
many  Noddy  ( A  nous  stolidus) ,  very  conspicuous  by  their  dark  color. 

One  big  Albatross  (probably  Diomedea  chinetisis)  took  flight 
as  we  were  quite  near  the  rocks;  unfortunately  our  shot  (No.  8) 
proved  too  small  and  the  distance  a  little  too  great,  as  this  very 
desirable  bird  merely  shook  his  feathers  to  rid  them  of  the  shot 
and  swept  sereneh'  past  us,  turning  his  head  to  give  the  boat  a 
very  sagacious  look  as  he  took  his  leave.  Sooty  Terns  by  the 
thousands  were  sitting  about  all  over  the  rocks  and  flj'ing  around 
our  boat  in  swarms,  so  near  one  could  hit  them  with  an  oar.  The 
din  raised  by  their  cry  and  the  noise  of  their  wings  was  so  great 
one  had  to  shout  at  the  top  of  the  voice  to  be  heard  two  or  three 
feet  distant.  The  rocks  were  honey-combed  with  burrows  and 
must  be  an  ideal  nesting  place.  I  looked  in  vain  for  a  landing; 
owing  to  the  direction  of  the  waves  there  seemed  to  be  no  lee  shore  ; 
on  the  south  side  one  could  land  on  a  calm  day,  but  the  sea  was 
too  high,  and  so  the  attempt  to  land  was  given  up,  to  my  great 
disappointment . 

A  good  series  of  Soot}-  Terns  and  Noddy  was  obtained.  One 
of  the  specimens,  a  male  Stcnia  fuliginosa,  was  in  full  breeding 
plumage,  the  delicate  bluish   flush   covering  the  entire  under  sur- 


Field  Notes  0)1  the  Birds  of  Oahu.  35. 

face  excepting  the  neck,  which  with  the  forehead  is  pure  white; 
top  of  head  and  lores,  jet  black  ;  wings,  mandible,  top  of  neck,  all 
sooty  black.  This  specimen's  measurements*  were  as  follows: 
Length,  18.25;  wing,  11.87;  t^^^-  5- 19;  the  two  outer  feathers^ 
8.25;  culmen,  1.81;  its  depth  at  nostril,  .37;  tarsus,  .93;  mid-toe 
and  claw,  1.19.  Palmer  found  this  tern  nesting  on  lyaysan  and 
French  Frigates  Shoals. 

79.     Anous  Stolidus,    Linn.      Noddy. 

All  the  birds  of  this  species  shot  at  Moku  Manu  on  January  4 
were  in  dull  winter  plumage  of  uniform  sooty  brown  ;  top  of  head 
hoary  gray  merging  gradually  into  sooty  brown  on  the  hind  neck  ; 
lores,  bill,  feet,  wings  and  tail  black.  The  reproduc1:ive  organs 
were  ver}'  minute,  in  strong  contrast  to  the  organs  of  the  Sooty 
Terns  taken  on  the  same  day.  Length,  17.5;  wing,  10.5;  tail,, 
6.19;  culmen,  1.64;  its  depth  at  nostrils,  .37;  mid-toe  and  claw,  1.60.. 

One  specimen,  an  immature  male  taken  at  Moku  Manu 
January  4,  gives  the  following  measurements:  Length,  17.5; 
wing,  1 1.6;  tail,  5.63;  tarsus,  r;  culmen,  1.39;  its  depth  at  nos- 
trils, .43  ;  mid-toe  and  claw,  1.46.  This  specimen,  while  exceeding 
the  largest  measurements  of  the  adult  shows  unmistakable  signs  of 
immaturity  in  the  dark  line  along  the  upper  wing-coverts,  a  gen- 
eral lighter  color  to  the  plumage  and  a  soft  bill.  This  specimen 
has  the  gray  coloring  of  the  head  confined  to  the  forehead  ;  super- 
ciliary stripe  almost  pure  white  ;  lores,  black  ;  abdomen  with  a 
decided  grayish  ca.st ;  faint  fieckings  of  gray  appear  on  the  under 
wing-coverts  ;  bill,  black,  shorter  and  stouter  than  in  mature  birds, 
with  a  prominent  keel ;  wings,  black  ;  feet  and  tarsus  a  blackish 
brown.  The  mantle  has  less  plumbous,  and  the  wing-coverts  are 
much  lighter  than  in  the  mature  bird. 

Anous  hawaiiensis,  Rothsch.  Noio. 
Hawaiian  Tern. 
December  23,  while  shooting  near  a  shallow  pond  on  the  east 
coast  of  the  island,  four  of  these  graceful  terns  came  flying  past 
and  I  secured  three.  These  have  the  upper  part  of  the  head,  top 
and  sides  of  neck,  lavender  gray,  much  lighter  on  the  head  and 
merging   into   sooty  black   on   the   upper   mantle.     Lores,   throat, 

*The  measurements  in  the  foHowing  paper  are  all  in  inches,  and  tog^ether  with  the  color 
markings  were  taken  from  specimens  in  the  flesh. 


36  Director' s  Annual  Report. 

under  neck,  under  surface  of  body,  mantle  and  wings,  sooty  black  ; 
ieet  and  tarsus  yellowish  brown  ;  webbs,  yellow  ;   iris,  dark  brown. 

The  "light  ashy  green"  on  the  hind  neck  and  upper  part  of 
the  interscapular  region,  which  Mr.  Rothschild  speaks  of  in  "Avi- 
fauna of  lyaysan,"  is  presumably  chara(5leristic  of  summer  plumage, 
as  these  winter  specimens  fail  to  show  such  coloring. 

lycngth,  13;  wing,  9;  tarsus,  .88;  its  depth  at  nostrils,  .25; 
culmen,  1.53  ;  mid-toe  and  claw,  1.34. 

Order  STEGANOPODES.  Family  Phaethontidse. 

113.     Phaethon  lepturus,  Lacep.  &  Daud.     Haakoae. 
Red-billed  Tropic  Bird. 

Three  times  I  have  observ^ed  these  birds  sailing  about  the 
ridges  of  Waiolani  mountain  above  Honolulu,  at  about  1000  feet 
elevation.  Few  birds  can  excel  the  grace  and  ease  of  this  bird's 
flight  among  the  cliffs  of  the  mountains.  This  species  occurs  on 
all  the  islands. 

Order  ANSERES.  Family  Anatidse. 

143.  Dafila  acuta,  Einn.  Pintail. 
December  23,  I  accepted  the  courteous  invitation  of  the  Hono- 
lulu Gun  Club  to  accompany  them  on  a  shoot  over  their  preserv^es 
in  the  vicinity  of  Waimanalo.  Decoys  were  spread  in  the  early 
dawn  and  twenty  ducks  were  secured.  I  am  told  this  was  an  un- 
usuall}'  small  bag  for  the  club,  being  but  three  ducks  to  the  man. 
A  large  number  of  plover  were  taken,  however,  to  make  up  the 
deficiency.  Sixteen  of  these  ducks  were  of  the  above  species. 
The  remaining  four  were  the  native  Hawaiian  duck. 

Anas  wyvilliana,  Sclater. 

This  duck  is  fairly  common  on  the  island  among  the  tule 
swamps  and  ponds  near  the  coast.  Length,  18.50;  wing,  9.67; 
tail,  2.37;  tarsus,  1.46;  culmen,  2.12;  its  depth  at  nostrils,  .61; 
mid-toe  and  claw,  1.81. 

Order  HERODIONES.  Family  Ardeidse. 

Nycticorax  griseus,  Wiggl.     Auku. 

Black-crowned  Night  Heron. 

These  are  common  about  the  marshes  in  the  vicinity  of  Ka- 

huku.      During  the  day  they  usually  hide  in  dense  clumps  of  trees 


Field  Notes  0)1  the  /h'rds  of  Oaliii .  37 

near  the  coast  or  up  the  narrow  canons.  One  was  taken  at  Ka- 
hiiku  December  31,  and  two  were  shot  in  the  vicinity  of  Waima- 
nalo  December  23.  Length,  25;  wing,  12.57;  ^^i^^-  3-i9;  tarsus,  3; 
mid-toe  and  claw,  3.57.     This  bird  is  found  on  all  the  islands. 

Order  PALUDICOL.^.  Family  Rallid^. 

Gallinula  sandvicensis,  Street.     Alae. 
Mud  Hen. 
These  birds  are  common  in  the  tule  swamps,  kalo  patches  and 
fish  ponds  all  over  the  island.     The  specimens  taken  show  a  de- 
cidedly red  tarsvis. 

Order  LIMICOL^-E.  Family  Scolopacidae. 

248.  Calidris  arenaria,  Linn.  Hunakai. 
Sanderling. 
The  Sanderling  is  by  no  means  an  uncommon  bird  here  dur- 
ing the  winter  months.  On  December  21  six  were  observed  during 
one  afternoon  along  the  sandy  northern  shore  of  the  island,  in  the 
vicinit}-  of  Kahuku.  It  is  interesting  to  watch  these  little  birds 
following  the  retreating  wave  down  the  sandy  beach,  and  their 
a(ftive  scramble  for  the  freshly  uncovered  Crustacea.  I  have  fre- 
quently seen  them  running  along  the  beach  with  the  end  of  the 
bill  held  firmly  in  the  sand,  literally  plowing  out  their  food.  The 
specimens  taken  were  all  in  very  light  winter  plumage.  No  doubt 
this  bird  occurs  on  all  the  islands  of  the  group,  although  it  has 
only  been  reported  from  Kauai  and  Niihau. 

259.  Heteractitis  incanus,  vStejn.  Ulili. 
Wandering  Tatler. 
This  bird  could  teach  an  "Ancient  Mariner"  many  things  of 
the  sea.  Its  knowledge  and  judgment  of  the  waves  is  nothing 
short  of  wonderful.  They  know  perfectly  well  the  rhythm  of  the 
sea,  and  just  how  many  big  heavy  waves  will  come  pounding  over 
their  rocks  before  there  is  a  lull ;  this  they  show  by  running  far 
down  on  the  rocks  after  the  third  wave,  knowing  that  the  fourth 
will  be  smaller  and  not  large  enough  to  knock  them  from  their 
new  feeding  ground.  They  also  know  perfe(5tly  well  if  the  in- 
coming wave  is  going  to  break  or  merely  swell  past  them,  their 
judgment  in  this  matter  being   better  than   my   own,    although  I 


38  Director" s  Annual  Report. 

have  spent  much  time  by  the  sea.  When  heavy  seas  were  run- 
ning I  have  been  perfectly  astonished  at  the  rapidity  with  which 
they  followed  up  the  retreating  waves,  gathering  up  the  dainty 
bits  of  food  cast  up,  and  judging  with  perfect  accuracy  how  far 
they  could  follow  down  the  rocks  in  safety  before  the  next  wave 
came  on.  They  are  a  wary  bird  and  difficult  to  approach.  One 
has  to  advance  when  they  are  busy  feeding,  and  "freeze" — i.e., 
be  perfedlly  motionless — when  the}'  are  looking  until  they  fancy 
■one  is  a  rock,  their  power  to  discriminate  their  enemies  being  less 
than  that  of  the  native  land  birds.  When  alarmed  they  fly  up  with 
a  cry  like  U-1-i-l-i,  uttered  in  a  voice  clear  as  a  bell. 

During  the  winter  months  these  birds  can  usually  be  found 
singly  or  in  pairs  along  any  rocky  portion  of  this  coast,  being  about 
as  common  here  as  they  are  on  the  west  coast  of  the  United  States 
or  AlavSka.  Three  specimens  were  taken  in  the  vicinity  of  Wai- 
manalo  December  23,  and  one  at  Heeia  January  3.  These  were 
all  in  winter  plumage  and  showed  no  signs  of  the  barred  breast 
markings.  The  nasal  groove  w^as  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  culmen. 
Length,  12;  wing,  7.56;  tail,  2.87;  tarsus,  1.50;  mid-toe  and  claw, 
1.33;  culmen,  1.63;  nasal  groove,  i.io. 

Order  LIMICOL^.  Famii.v  Charadriidse. 

272a.     Charadrius  fulvus,  Gmel.     Kolea. 

Pacific  Golden  Plover. 

During  the  past  four  months,  November-March,  the  Pacific 
Golden  Plover  has  been  very  abundant,  especially  in  the  rocky 
pastures,  along  the  seashore,  and  in  the  inland  valleys,  to  an  ele- 
vation of  200  feet.  On  December  21a  walk  of  three  miles,  in  the 
vicinity  of  Kaliuku,  resulted  in  seeing  205  of  these  birds  by  aclual 
count ;  they  were  scattered  about  singly  or  in  groups  of  three  or 
four.  These  birds  have  a  clear  whistled  note  which  changes  to  an 
entirely  different  and  rapid  alarm  cry  as  they  take  to  their  wings. 
I  have  frequently  decoyed  them  by  throwing  my  hat  in  the  air. 
About  nightfall  the  plovers  come  in  bands  to  feed  by  the  shallow 
ponds  and  sloughs  near  the  shore,  a  habit  that  results  in  the  de- 
struction of  hundreds  of  birds  by  Still  Hunters. 

December  21  eleven  specimens  were  shot  along  the  northern 
shore  of  the  island  in  the  vicinity  of  Kahuku.  Nine  of  these  were 
males  in  characteristic  winter  plumage,   showing  no  black  on  the 


Field  Notes  on  the  Birds  of  Oalin.  30 

ventral  surface  ;  the  slight  dark  streakings  on  the  neck  merge  into 
indistinct  light  brownish  niottlings  on  the  breast.  It  is  remark- 
able, in  contrast  to  this,  how  bright  the  plumage  on  the  dorsal 
surface  remains  during  the  entire  year.  The  average  measure- 
ment of  the  nine  male  specimens  was  as  follows:  I^ength,  9.98; 
bill,  .91  ;  wing,  6.48;  tail,  2.34;  tarsus.  1.72;  mid-toe  and  claw, 
1.25  ;  culmeu,  .85.  The  plover  is  found  on  all  the  islands  durincr 
the  winter  months.  I  am  told  it  leaves  the  islands  about  Ma}-  i, 
and  returns  sometime  in  August. 

Order  LIMICOL.^.  FAMri.v  Aphrmd^e. 

283.     Arenaria  interpres,  Linn.     Akeke. 

Turnstone. 

In  regard  to  the  Turnstone,  I  have  the  following  entry  in  my 
notebook:  "Nov.  22. — Two  Arenaria  interpres  were  shot  near  a 
small  pond  in  the  vicinity  of  Kahuku  :  these  were  males  in  winter 
plumage."  "December  21. — Turnstones  are  common  in  the  rocky 
pastures  near  the  northern  shore  of  the  island.  They  are  usually 
seen  in  small  flocks  of  three  or  four,  frequently  consorting  with  the 
Golden  Plover  {C .  fulvus) .' ^ 

These  birds  are  quite  wary  and  usually  fly  before  one  is  within 
range.  Twenty  of  these  birds  w^ere  counted  during  one  hour  spent 
in  the  field.  All  the  specimens  taken  on  this  island  fall  short  on 
the  wing  measurements.  Of  six  specimens  the  longest  wing  was 
5.61,  while  the  average  was  5.50.  L,ength,  9;  wing,  5.50;  tail, 
2.31;  tarsus,  i;  culmen,  .86;  mid-toe  and  claw,  1.19.  Found  on 
all  the  islands. 

Order  RAPTOREvS.  Famiev  Bubonidse. 

367.     Asio  accipitrinus,  Pall.     Pueo. 

vShort-eared  Owl. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Honolulu  this  owl  is  quite  abundant.     My 

first  specimen  was  shot  November  23  at  an  elevation  of  1000  feet. 

This  was  a  male  in   characteristic   plumage,   with  a  very  dusk}- 

frontal    patch.      Another    specimen    was    taken    in    Kalihi    valley, 

elevation    of    200    feet.     This    was    an    adult    male    in    the    most 

beautiful    plumage ;     the    upper    surface    is    much    lighter    than 

in    the    November    specimen ;     the     under    tail-coverts    are    pure 

white  merging  into  a  very  pale   buffy  white  on   upper  abdomen; 


40  Director's  Aniuml  Report. 

dusky  frontal  patch  conspicuous.  Another,  a  female  in  very  dark 
plumage,  was  taken  March  15.  The  ovary  of  this  bird  contained 
twenty-one  small  eggs,  ranging  from  the  size  of  No.  6  shot  up  to 
the  size  of  a  large  pea. 

These  owls  come  out  about  sunset  and  fly  around  near  the 
ground,  uttering  every  little  while  their  cry  of  P-we-o  from  which 
they  get  their  native  name.  I  have  frequently  watched  three  or  four 
hawking  about  in  Kalihi  valley  at  sunset ;  they  sail  quietly  along, 
just  skimming  the  tops  of  the  low  guava  bushes  and  grass,  alight- 
ing occavSionally  to  pick  up  a  stray  insect.  The  stomachs  of  the 
three  taken,  however,  were  entirely  destitute  of  food,  perhaps 
owing  to  their  being  taken  early  in  the  evening.  I  have  decoyed 
these  birds  within  range  by  sailing  my  hat  in  the  air.  The  Pueo 
is  found  on  all  the  islands.  Length,  14;  wing,  12.5;  tail,  5.75; 
tarsus,  1.62;  culmen,  .68;  its  depth  at  nostril,  .62;  mid-toe  and 
claw,  2. 

Chasiempis  gayi,  Wilson.     Elepaio. 
Oahu  Fly-catcher. 

This  is  the  most  common  native  land  bird  to  be  found  on  the 
island.  One  will  usually  see  at  least  three  or  four  during  a  day's 
hunt  in  the  mountains.  On  March  14,  a  particularly  favorable 
day,  I  observed  eighteen  by  a(5tual  count.  This  Fly-catcher,  un- 
like all  the  other  birds  of  the  island,  does  not  regard  man  as  its 
greatest  enemy;  a  condition  resulting,  no  doubt,  from  years  of 
worship  by  the  natives,  for  this  bird  was  the  god  of  the  canoemen 
and  gave  judgment  on  all  the  timber  used  in  boat-building.  Its 
usual  haunt  is  the  densely  wooded  cations  at  an  elevation  of  from 
800  to  1300  feet.  It  is  a  most  adlive  and  interesting  little  bird  and 
can  easih'  be  called  quite  near  by  a  slight  kissing  sound  made  with 
the  lips  to  the  back  of  one's  hand — a  ver^^  good  imitation  of  one  of 
their  calls.  Their  usual  call,  however,  is  a  loud,  clear  whistled 
El'-ep-aio,  from  which  it  gets  its  native  name.  Another  common 
note  is  a  slight  variation  of  the  above,  sounding  like  a  whistled 
T6o-wee-oo  ;  still  another  frequently  heard  is  a  sharp  Wheet',  whto. 
When  approaching  one  it  scolds  in  words  sounding  like  Chrr,  chrr. 
In  all  I  have  counted  seven  different  calls  or  notes  from  this  bird. 
They  have  a  habit,  when  excited,  of  spreading  their  tail  and  flipping 
it  up  to  almost  right  angles  with  their  body.  The}'  are  not  at  all 
afraid,  as  I  have  had  them  approach  within  twenty  inches  of  mv  face. 


Field  Notes  0)1   the  Birds  of  Oa/iii.  41 

The  Klepaio  is  always  keenly  alert  for  insecfls,  and  occasion- 
ally takes  them  on  the  win"^  with  an  audible  snap  of  the  bill.  In 
the  large  series  of  these  birds  taken  all  had  their  stomachs  perfectly 
gorged  with  insects  and  larvce.  I  have  frequently  timed  them  to 
see  how  many  insects  they  really  would  destroy  in  five  minutes. 
One  feeding  almost  within  reach  of  me  in  that  length  of  time  caught 
first,  a  leaf-hopper;  second,  a  small  moth;  third,  another  leaf- 
hopper;  and  fourth,  a  caterpillar  that  required  three  or  four  gulps 
to  swallow,  it  was  so  large.  The  strange  thing  is  they  seem  to  be 
always  feeding,  so  the  rapidity  of  their  digestive  power  is  remark- 
able. To  birds  other  than  their  own  tribe  the  Elepaio  is  a  pugna- 
cious little  body,  and  I  have  seen  them  chase  the  larger  Apapane 
(//.  sa?iguiuea)  away  from  a  particularly  good  feeding  ground. 
By  February  i  the  mating  season  had  arrived  for  these  birds,  and 
I  observed  them  sporting  with  their  mates.  As  yet  I  have  been 
unable  to  find  their  nests.  On  March  14,  however,  I  shot  a  female 
with  an  Q^g,  now  in  the  Bishop  Museum,  that  was  almost  ready 
for  exclusion. 

This  bird  shows  the  most  remarkable  range  of  variations  in  its 
plumage,  so  that  a  very  large  series  is  required  to  gain  any  ade- 
quate idea  of  the  age  and  seasonal  variations.  Not  wishing  to 
kill  more  than  was  absolutely  necessary,  the  number  of  these 
birds  taken  was  confined  to  six  to  ten  each  month,  nothing  near 
a  duplicate  has  yet  been  found.  For  example,  I  have  before 
me  a  male  taken  January  3  :  bill,  entirely  black  ;  feet  and  tarsus, 
dark  with  bluish  cast;  eye,  dark  hazel;  general  color  above,  tawny 
ochraceous,  brightest  on  upper  tail-coverts  and  sides  of  neck ; 
top  of  head  very  little  brighter  than  mantle  ;  the  feathers  of  the 
mantle  are  broadly  tipped  with  brighter  ochraceous  which  gives 
the  mantle  an  indistinctly  mottled  appearance  ;  the  rufous  of  the 
upper  tail-coverts  extends  as  a  band  entirely  around  the  anal  re- 
gion of  the  body,  although  not  so  bright  on  the  under  tail-coverts; 
wing-coverts  tipped  with  bright  rufous  and  without  any  trace  of 
white  ;  throat,  breast  and  flanks,  tawny  ochraceous  ;  belly  and  tips 
of  tail  feathers,  except  the  two  middle  ones,  white  ;  testes  enlarged, 
.29 X.I 9.  This  was  a  bird  that  would  evidently  breed  the  coming 
season.  Length,  5.16 ;  wing,  2.63;  tail,  2.25;  tarsus,  .93;  cul- 
men,  .50;  depth  at  no.strils,  .19;  mid-toe  and  claw,  .62.  A  male 
taken  March  15,  with  plumage  exaclly  the  same  shade  of  color, 
with   possibly   a   shade   less   of   rufous  on  flanks   and   breast,   has 


42  Director's  Anmial  Report. 

the  immature  yellowish  under  mandible  with  only  the  under  part 
at  tip  dark.  Length,  5.50;  wing,  2.56;  tail,  2.25;  tarsus,  .87; 
mid-toe  and  claw,  .56  ;   testes,  minute. 

The  approach  to  maturity  in  these  birds,  as  shown  by  our 
large  series,  is  as  follows:  First,  the  ear-coverts  become  dusky; 
next,  the  under  mandible  becomes  black  with  only  a  narrow  line  of 
yellowish  along  the  cutting  edge.  At  this  period  the  buff}- 
white  of  the  mid-breast  has  changed  to  pure  white,  and  a 
buffy  white  patch  about  one  and  one-half  the  length  of  the  culmen 
appears  under  the  chin.  The  dusk}^  area  about  the  ear-coverts 
has  increased  in  size  so  they  extend  from  a  line  with  the  pupil 
of  the  eye  to  half-way  down  the  neck.  Fleckiugs  of  dusky  ap- 
pear in  the  rufous  on  each  side  of  under  neck.  The  tips  of  the 
greater  and  middle  wing-coverts  .show  white  in  the  centre  sur- 
rounded with  the  bright  rufous.  Buffy  white  appears  on  the  lores, 
the  coloring  on  the  head  becomes  less  ochraceous.  Thus  the 
changes  go  on  until  we  have  the  well  known  adult  plumage,  with 
the  pure  white  tail-coverts  ;  white  tips  to  the  wing-coverts  ;  black 
on  throat,  preceded  by  the  restridted  white  area  about  as  long  as 
the  culmen.  The  pattern  of  this  white  patch  varies  in  each  indi- 
vidual, but  in  fully  mature  specimens  a  narrow  band  of  white 
extends  entirely  around  the  forehead  at  the  base  of  the  upper  man- 
dible, widening  out  over  the  lores — which  are  entirely  white,  but 
with  black  bases  to  the  feathers — and  joins  broadly  with  the  white 
of  the  throat.  At  the  ba.se  of  the  lower  mandible  is  a  small  patch 
of  black  ;  on  the  lower  neck  the  white  gradually  disappears  as  tips 
to  the  feathers  of  the  neck  and  fore  breast ;  the  mantle  is  brownish 
with  rufous  cast  and  has  indistinct  white  tips  to  the  feathers  of  the 
lower  part.  Our  series  shows  no  difference  between  the  male  and 
female.  Confined  to  Oahu  island.  Length,  5.50;  wing  spread, 
7.75;  wing,  2.51;  tail,  2.18;  tarsus,  .83;  culmen,  .54;  mid-toe 
and  claw,  .56. 

Vestiaria  coccinea,  Forster.     liwi. 

This  beautiful  bird,  once  so  common  on  the  island,  is  now  very 
scarce.  During  the  entire  four  months  I  have  been  colle(5ting  only 
two  have  been  secured.  Another  has  recently  been  presented  to 
the  Museum  through  the  courtesy  of  Dr.  Huddy  of  Honolulu. 
However,  these  birds  are  probably  more  abundant  in  the  Waianae 
mountains,  which  I  have  not  been  able  to  explore  because  of  the 


Field  Notes  o>i  the  /y/rds  of  Oaliit .  43 

quarantine.  On  February  27,  while  colle(5ling  in  the  large  bhia  for- 
est of  Waiolani  mountain,  at  an  elevation  of  1300  feet,  I  saw  an  liwi 
enter  a  fresh-built  nest  in  an  ohia  tree  {Metrosidcros  polymorplia) . 
I  secured  the  old  bird  and  the  nest ;  unfortunately,  however,  there 
w^ere  no  eggs,  the  nest  not  being  quite  complete.  The  bird 
is  a  female  in  beautiful  summer  plumage.  General  color,  a 
bright  vermilion ;  wings  and  tail,  black ;  inner  two  feathers  of 
secondaries,  white;  feet,  light  vermilion  ;  bill,  vermilion,  darker  at 
tip;  eye,  hazel.  The  stomach  contained  the  remains  of  inse(5ls 
and  ohia  stamens.  I^ength,  6;  wing,  2.87;  tail,  2;  tarsus,  1.12; 
culmen,  .97.  The  nest  was  placed  about  40  feet  from  the  ground, 
and  was  well  secured  in  the  crotch  of  three  small  branches,  at  the 
end  of  a  big  limb  standing  straight  up  for  1 2  feet  without  any  lower 
branches.  The  nest  was  completely  hidden  by  leaves  and  the  yel- 
low ohia  blooms  ;  the  exterior  was  composed  of  club  moss  and 
small  twigs  ;  the  inside  was  of  moss,  fern  pulu,  and  hair-like  fibres 
from  leaves  ;  outside  it  was  5-7  in  diameter  ;  inside,  3.5-2  ;  depth,  2. 

Himatione  sangiiinea,  Gmel.     Apapane. 

While  the  Apapane  is  by  no  means  abundant  it  is  still  not 
uncommon  in  the  mountains  of  Oahu.  They  are  found  in  the  ohia 
forests  at  an  elevation  of  1000  feet.  These  birds  begin  to  pair 
about  the  middle  of  February,  and  I  frequently  saw  them  sporting 
as  they  flew  acrcss  the  cafion.  They  may  be  easily  decoyed  by 
giving  their  call  of  Cheep  in  a  soft  whistle.  On  February  27 
three  of  these  birds  alighted  on  an  ohia  tree  quite  near  me,  and 
one  which  proved  to  be  a  male  spread  out  his  wings  like  a  strut- 
ting turkey  cock  and  danced  gracefully  to  the  great  satisfaction  of 
the  spectators.  These  birds  when  flying  make  a  drumming  noise 
with  their  wings  w^hich  sounds  like  the  tapping  of  a  woodpecker 
in  the  distance. 

On  March  3,  at  an  elevation  of  1200  feet  on  Waiolani  moun- 
tain, I  heard  an  Apapane  singing  from  an  ohia  tree.  There  were 
two,  a  male  and  female  ;  I  gave  the  call,  a  faint  cheep,  cheep, 
and  the  female  flew  into  the  tree  under  which  I  was  standing  and 
was  taken.  The  male  continued  to  sing,  his  notes  being  a  sweet 
whistled  Hop-o-lee,  ch-ch-ch,  lee-lee,  cha-lee,  cha-lee,  cha-lee. 
liquid  and  beautiful,  with  frequent  changes  in  the  arrangement 
and  abreviations  of  the  above  sounds.  They  usually,  as  in  this 
case,  continue  moving  rapidly  about  from  one  branch  to  another, 


44  Director's  Annual  Report. 

taking  good  care  to  keep  themselves  well  screened  behind  thick 
bunches  of  leaves,  for  they  are  a  suspicious  and  wary  bird.  After 
watching  this  bird  for  some  time  I  hardened  my  heart  and  added 
him  to  the  collecftion  in  the  Museum.  I  have  found  five  nests  of 
this  species,  but  as  yet  no  eggs.  The  nests  are  visually  in  the  ohia 
trees.  A  fresh  nest  taken  February  23  measures  5X5  in  diameter 
on  the  outside,  and  2.25X2  on  the  inside  ;  depth,  i.io.  This  nest 
was  found  in  an  ohia  tree  about  20  feet  from  the  ground;  elevation, 
1300  feet.  The  outside  of  the  nest  was  of  moss  interwoven  with 
small  leie  roots,  with  a  foundation  of  small  twigs  ;  the  inside  was 
of  fine  hair-like  dried  fibres  of  leaves  which  looked  almost  like  horse- 
hair. With  a  good  microscope  I  carefully  examined  the  stomach 
contents  of  ten  Apapane  ;  remains  of  insecfts  and  larvae  together 
with  bits  of  stamens  and  pollen  from  the  ohia  were  found  in  all. 

The  Apapane  is  a  bright  crimson  in  color,  brighter  on  the 
head  ;  slightly  gray  shading  into  white  on  lower  belly,  and  under 
tail-coverts  white  ;  tails  and  wings,  black.  Our  series  of  twenty 
specimens  will  not  corroborate  Mr.  Wilson's  statement  in  the  "Aves 
Hawaiienses"  that  "the  females  differ  from  the  males  in  having  the 
general  crimson  of  the  plumage  of  a  distincftly  lighter  shade,  while 
the  crimson  on  the  outer  edge  of  the  secondaries  is  of  the  same 
.shade  as  the  rest  of  the  plumage,  whereas  in  the  males  it  is  of  much 
lighter  tint."  In  the  birds  before  me  all  the  fully  adult  specimens, 
both  male  and  female,  have  the  edging  of  the  secondaries  the  same 
color  as  the  mantle;  while  in  the  immature  of  both  sexes  the  edging 
of  the  secondaries  has  a  yellowish  color  ;  they  probabh-  do  not  lose 
this  sign  of  immaturity  until  the  second  year,  as  I  have  taken  birds 
that  were  nesting  which  still  showed  a  faint  trace  of  orange-yellow- 
ish on  their  secondaries.  In  general  color  the  difference  in  the 
sexes  is  so  slight  as  to  often  be  unappreciable. 

A  young  female  just  beginning  to  assume  the  first  indica- 
tion of  red  was  taken  February  27.  The  general  color  of  this 
bird  was  grayish  tinged  with  dirty  ochraceous ;  belly  and  un- 
der tail-coverts,  white  ;  a  slight  trace  of  crimson  appearing  on 
head  and  mantle  ;  edgings  on  the  outer  webs  of  the  secondaries  and 
wing-coverts,  reddish  buff ;  base  of  lower  mandible,  yellowish  ;  a 
slight  white  marking  near  the  end  of  the  outer  webs  of  the  second, 
third  and  fourth  primaries  as  in  adult  birds.  This  specimen  meas- 
ured as  follows  :    L,ength,  5;    spread  of  wing,  7;    wing,    2.53;    tail, 


Field  Notes  on  the  Birds  of  Oahii.  45 

1.77:  tarsus,  .83;   cuhneii,  .61;     its  depth  at  base,  .19.     This  bird 
is  found  on  all  the  islands. 

Okiii'K   PASSKRIvS.  .    Family  Drepanidse. 

Chlorodrepanis  chloris,  Cab.     Amakihi. 

Although  these  birds  are  not  rare  I  have  only  secured  three. 
They  are  so  small  and  their  color  matches  so  well  the  green  of  the 
foliage  as  to  make  it  almost  impossible  to  distinguish  them.  Their 
faint  little  note,  sounding  like  ss  ss  hissed  in  a  subdued  tone, 
seems  to  come  from  almost  anywhere  and  is  a  poor  guide  to  their 
location.  They  are  found  on  the  wooded  mountain  ridges  and  in 
the  caiions  at  an  elevation  of  about  iioo  feet.  An  immature  male 
(No.  1335)  was  taken  January  30  on  Waiolani  mountain  at  an  ele- 
vation of  1087  feet.  This  bird  was  busily  engaged  in  looking  for 
small  insects  among  the  branches  of  a  koa  tree.  Its  stomach  con- 
tained five  small  larvae  and  the  remains  of  two  adult  flies.  On 
February  21  I  shot  another  (No.  1343)  while  feeding  on  small  in- 
secls  which  I  saw  it  picking  from  the  leaves  and  branches  of  an 
ohia  bush  at  an  elevation  of  1049  feet.  This  bird  was  accom- 
panied by  another  which  I  thought  to  be  its  mate,  for  it  soon  re- 
turned to  the  same  bush  and  was  taken  (No.  1344).  These  two 
specimens,  a  male  and  female,  were  in  ver}'  immature  plumage 
and  their  organs  showed  no  signs  of  development ;  so  instead  of 
being  mated  they  may  have  been  merely  members  of  the  same  brood. 

All  of  these  specimens  have  the  well  curved  horn- colored  bill, 
with  light  yellowish  on  the  base  of  the  lower  mandible.  The  feet 
and  tarsus  are  dark  with  a  raw  umber  tint.  All  have  the  greater 
and  middle  wing-coverts  tipped  with  whitish,  surrounded  with  a 
faint  trace  of  olive  green  ;  primaries  and  secondaries  dark  with 
greenish  edge  to  outer  webs,  which  merges  into  light  gray  towards 
the  tips  ;  secondaries  with  more  or  less  white  on  upper  part  of  inner 
web  ;  tail,  dark  with  greenish  outer  edge  to  all  the  feathers  except 
the  two  outer  feathers,  which  show  a  faint  edging  of  grayish; 
lores,  grayish  ;  back,  tinged  with  olive  green.  In  No.  1335,  evi- 
dently an  older  bird,  the  coloring  is  brighter  on  the  sides  of  head 
above  the  ear-coverts  ;  there  is  also  a  bright  yellow  superciliary 
stripe  ;  under  parts,  buffy  white  streaked  with  yellowish  on  throat 
and  breast;  lower  abdomen  and  under  tail-coverts,  white.  Following 
are  the  measurements  of  the  three  specimens:  No.  1335.^  Length, 
4.5;  spread  of  wing,  7.75;  wing,  2.56;  culmen,  .62;  its  depth  at  nos- 


46  Director's  An7iual  Rep07't. 

tril,  .19;  tarsiivS,  .75;  mid-toe  and  claw,  .68.  No.  1343.^  Length, 
4.5;  spread  of  wing,  6.5;  wing,  2.50;  tail,  1.50;  culmen,  .56;  its 
depth  at  nostril,  .19;  mid-toe  and  claw,  .63.  No.  1344.9  Length, 
4.75;  spread  of  wing,  6.5;  wing,  2.43;  tail,  1.50;  culmen,  .56;  its 
depth  at  nostril,  .19;  mid-toe  and  claw,  .75.  Confined  to  Oahu 
island. 


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Ethnographischen  Reijksmuseums  in  Leiden.  Internationales 
Archiv  fiir  Ethnographic,  Vol.  xi.     4to.  Leiden,  1898. 

*Fish  Commission  (U.  S.)  Report  for  1896.     Washington,  1898. 

Flower,  W.  H. — Recent  Memoirs  on  Cetacea.     4to.  London,  1866. 

Franklin,  S.  R. — Memoirs  of  a  Rear-Admiral.  8vo.  New  York, 
1898. 

Fritsch,  Gustav. — Die  Eingeborenen  Siid-Afrika's  Ethnographisch 
und  anatomisch.     4to.  Breslau,  1872. 

*Geological  Survey  of  the  ITnited  States.  x\nnual  reports,  2,  3,  4, 
6,  7,  8,  II,  12,  13,  14,  16,  (only  two  parts)  17,  18,  19,  parts 
I,  4,  6.      Monographs  29,  30  and  35. 

Giglioli,  H.  H. — Studi  sulla  razza  Negrita.      Firenze. 

Gos.se,  L.  A. — Essai  sur  les  deformations  artificielles  du  crane. 
8vo.  Paris,  1855. 

Griffith  and  Henfre}-. — The  Micrographic  Dictionary.     London. 

Hackel,  Edward. — The  true  grasses.     8vo.  Westminster,  1898. 

Hamilton,  A. — Maori  Art,  Part  iii.     4to.  London,  1898. 

Hamy,  E.  T. — Etude  sur  un  squelette  d'Aeta  des  environs  de 
Binangonan,  nord-est  de  Lugon,      Paris,  1879. 

Hawaiian  Ministerial  Reports,  1898. 

Hawaii  nei.      Hawaiian  Gazette  Company.      Honolulu,  1899. 

Helms,  Richard. — x-Vnthropologie.  (Australian  Aborigines. )  Syd- 
ney, 1895. 

*Herdman,  W.  A.  —  Catalogue  of  Tunicata  in  the  Australian 
Museum.      Liverpool,  1899. 

Heurck,  Henri  van. — Treatise  on  the  Diatomacea.  4to.  London, 
1896. 

Hill,  Alexander. — The  Hippocampus.     4to.  London,  1893. 

Hillebrand,  W. — Flora  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands.  8vo.  Heidel- 
berg, 1888. 

*Hilprecht  and  Clay. — The  Babylonian  expedition.  4to.  Phila- 
delphia, 1898. 

Hooker,  J.  D.  —  Flora  of  British  India,  7  vols.  8vo.  London, 
1875-90. 

Houge,  E. — Les  Samoans  de  Leone  (Tutuila).     Bruxelles,  1890. 


Additions  to  the  Library.  49 

Hudson,    G.    V.  —  Manual    of    New    Zealand    Entomology.     8vo. 

London,  1892. 
Hyades  and  Deniker. — Mission  scientifique  du  Cap  Home,  1882-3. 

Vol.  vii.     Anthropologic,  Ethnographic.     4to.  Paris,  1891. 
Iscnthal  and  Ward. — Pra(5lical  Radiography.     8vo.  Eondon,  1898. 

*  Jackson,  Sheldon. — Report  on  the  introducflion  of  domestic  rein- 

deer into  Alaska.     Washington,  1898. 

Joost,  Wilhelm. — Tatowiren  narbenzeichncn  und  Korperbemalen. 
4to.  Berlin,  1887. 

*Johns  Hopkins  University:  Maryland  Geological  Survey.  8vo, 
Baltimore,  1898.  Memoirs,  Vol.  iv.,  4to.:  No.  i.  The  Cubo- 
medusae,  by  F.  S.  Conant,  1898;  No.  2,  Synapta  vivipara,  by 
H.  E-  Clark,  1898;  No.  3,  Yoldia  limatula,  by  Gilnian  A. 
Drew,  1899. 

*  Jordan  and  Evermann. — Fishes  of   North   and   Middle  America. 

8vo.  Washington,  1898. 
Jordana    y    Morera,    Ramon.  —  Bosquejo    geografico   e   historico- 

natural  del  archipielago  Filipino.     4to.  Madrid,  1885. 
Kanda,   T. — Notes  on  ancient  stone   implements  of  Japan.     8vo. 

Tokio.  1884. 
Keferstein,  Wilhelm. — Bemerkungen,  iiber  das  Skelett  eines  Aus- 

traliers  von  Stamme  Warnambool.     Dresden,  1865. 
Koganei. — Beitrage  zur  physischen  Anthropologic  der  Aino.    8vo. 

Tokio,  1893-94. 
*Koniglich  Kaiscrlich   Naturhistorischen   Hofmuseums   Annalen. 

Wien,  1898.     Vol.  xiii.,  Nos.  i,  2,  3. 
*Eabor,  Department  of. — Bulletin  No.  20.     Washington,  1899. 
Lacassagne,  A. — Tatouages.     8vo.  Paris,  1881. 
Lalage  et  Herouard. — La  Zoologie  concrete.     Paris. 
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Havre.     Description  de  la  colledlion  ethnographique  Oceani- 

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1897-98.     London. 
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Torino,  1892. 
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1894. 

O.  p.:    B.  P.  B.  M.— Vol.  I.,  No.  2. 


5©  Director''' s  Annual  Report. 

Madras  Government  Museum.     Bulletins,  Vols,  i.,  ii.,  1894-99. 

*Malay  States.     Reports  for  1897.     London,  1898. 

Man,  E.  H. — The  Andaman  Islanders. 

Maxwell,    Walter.  —  Soils  and   Lavas  of   the    Hawaiian   Islands. 

8vo.  Honolulu,  1898. 
Meyer,  A.  B. — Ueber  hundert  fiinf  und  dreissig  Papua  Schadel 

von  Neu  Guinea  und  der  Insel  Mysorei.     Dresden. 
Meyer  und  Schadenberg. — Album  von  Philippinen-Typen.     Nord 

Luzon.     4to.  Dresden,  1891. 
Michelsen,  Oscar. — Cannibals  won  for  Christ.      i2mo.  London. 
Montano,  J. — Report  on  a  journey  to  the  Philippine  Islands.     8vo. 

Paris,  1885. 
Montero  y  Vidal. — El  Archipielago  Filipino  y  las  Islas  Marianas, 

Carolinas  y  Palaos.     8vo.  Madrid,  1886. 
Moore,    W. — Constitutional    requirements    for   tropical   climates. 

i2mo.  London,  1890. 
Mueller,  Ferd.  von. — Myoporinous  plants  of  Australia.     4to.  Part 
ii.     Melbourne,  1886. 
Museo  nacional  de  Buenos  Aires.     Anales.     Tomo  vi.     Buenos 
Aires,  1899.     8vo. 
*Museum   of   Comparative   Zoology.     Bulletin,  Vol.  xxiv.     Cam- 
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bridge, 1899.     4to. 
*Museum,  United  States  National.     Reports  for   1895   and    1896. 

Proceedings,  Vols,  xviii.,  xx.  and  xxi. 
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Packard,  A.  vS. — Textbook  on  Entomolog}'.    8vo.  New  York,  1898. 
Parker,  T.  J. — Observations  on  anatomy  and  development  of  the 

Apteryx.     4to.  London,  1891. 
Pereiro,  A.  Cabeza. — La  isla  de  Ponape.     8vo.  Manila,  1895. 
*Philadelphia  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences.     Journal,  Vol.  xi., 

Parts  I  and  2.     Proceedings  for  1899,  Parts  i  and  2. 
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Richet,  Chas. — Bibliographia  physiologica,  Paris,  1895-6. 
*Rijks  Ethnographisch  Museum.     Verslag  van  den  Diredleur  over 
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1899.     Tentoonstellung  van  Japansche  Kunst.      Leiden,  1899. 
Roscoe  and  Schorlemmer. — Treatise  on  Chemistry,  2  vols.     Lon- 
don, 1894. 


Additions  to  the  Library.  51 

Roth,    H.    Liug. — The    aborigines   of    Tasmania.     8vo.    Halifax, 

Eug.,  1899. 
Royal    Geographical    Society.     Geographical   Journal,    1898-99. 

London. 
Royal  Natural  History.     Vols.  v.  and  vi.     London. 
*Royal   Society  of   New  South  Wales.     Journal  and  Proceedings 

for  1898.     Sydney. 
Riidinger,  H. — Ueber  kunstlich  deformirte  Schadel  und  Gehirne 

von  Siidseeinsulanern  (Neu  Hebriden).    8vo.  Miinchen,  1887. 
Sachs,  Julius  von. — History  of  Botany  (1530-1860).    8vo.  Oxford, 

1890. 
Semon,  Richard. — In  the  Australian  Bush.     London,  1899. 
*  Smith,  Erwin  F. — The  black  rot  of  the  cabbage.     Washington, 

1898. 
Snow,  H.  G. — Notes  on  Kuril  Islanders.     8vo.  London,  1897. 
Societa  Romana  de  Antropologia.     Atti,  1893-97,  4  vols.     Roma. 
Stair,  John  B. — Old  Samoa.     8vo.  London,  1897. 
Stebbing,  Thos.  R.  R. — Crustacea.     London,  1893. 
Sundowner. — Rambles  in  Polynesia.     8vo.  London,  1897. 
Thomson,   J.   J. — The  discharge    of    elecflricity   through    gases. 

Westminster,  1898. 
Thomson,  J.  G. — British  New  Guinea.     8vo.  London,  1892. 
*Thurston,    Edgar. — Bulletin    of    Madras    Government    Museum, 

Vols.  i.  and  ii. 
Trinchese,    Salvatore. — ^olididae  e   famiglie   af^ine  del   Porto  di 

Genova.     4to.  Bologna,  1897-99. 
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parasites.     London,  1897. 
*University  of  Pennsylvania  Publications,  Vols,  i.-vii.     Bulletins, 

Vols,  i.-iii.     Annual  Report  of  Provost,  1897-98.     Catalogue, 

1898-99. 
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Watt,  Agnes  C.   P. — Twenty-five    3'ears   mission    life    on   Tanna, 

New  Hebrides.     Paisley,  1896. 
Walker,  G.  T. — On  Boomerangs.     4to.  London,  1897. 
Wilson,  S.  B. — Aves  Hawaiienses.     4to.  London,  1890-99. 
Zeitschrift  fiir  Ethnologic,  25  vols.     Berlin,  1869 — date. 
Zoological  Society  of  London.     Proceedings  for  1898.     8vo.    Lon- 
don— complete  set. 


52  Director'' s  Anyiual  Report. 

LIST  OF  ACCESSIONS. 

Department   of   Ethnoi.ogy. 

6800  Bowl  cut  from  compact  basalt ;  from  J.  C.  Searle.    Hawaiian. 

6820  Poi  pounder  of  peculiar  form  (cast);   Peabody  Museum  ex- 
change.    Hawaiian. 

6733  Paddle.     Samoan  Ids. 

6734  Baskets  made  of  pandanus  leaf  (2).     Samoan  Ids. 

6736  Coconut   cup  for   paint   or   taik  ;  from    Rev.    C.    M.    Hyde. 

Gilbert  Ids. 

6737  String  of  dog  teeth;    from  Rev.  C.  M.  Hyde.     Gilbert  Ids. 

6738  Stone  adze.     Hawaiian. 

6739  Ostrich  &^^  laid  at  ChrivStchurch,  New  Zealand. 

6743  Longiel  or  curved  club.     Solomon  Ids. 

6744  Carved  boomerang.     Queensland. 

6745  Portion  of  ear  ring  inlaid  with  tortoise-.shell.     Solomon  Ids. 

6746  Seed  rattles  for  dances  (2).     Solomon  Ids. 

6748  Stone  axe.     Australia. 

6749  Kauri   gum,    a    series   of    five    specimens    polished.     New 

Zealand. 

6755  Seal  cut  from  kauri  gum.     New  Zealand. 

6756  Kauri  gum  with  inse<5ls  inclosed  (2).     New  Zealand. 
6758  Turbo  shells  etched  by  prisoners  (2).     New  Caledonia. 
6760  Pearl  shells  polished  ( 3 ) .     Queensland. 

6763  Partitions  of  shell  of  Nautilus  pompilius,  ornament.     Torres 

Strait. 

6766  Bracelets  of  Nassa  arcularis  (2).     Solomon  Ids. 

6769  String  of  shell  money.     Solomon  Ids. 

6770  Necklace  of  shells.     Solomon  Ids. 

6771  Leguminous  beans  (  2).     Queensland. 

6772  Quondongs  (5).     Australia. 

6773  Seeds  (14).     Australia. 

6774  Shell  armlet.     Gilbert  Ids. 

6775  Tortoise-shell  armlet.     New  Guinea. 

6776  Boar  tusk.      Solomon  Ids. 

6777  Armlets  braided  from  Gleichenia  fibre.     Solomon  Ids. 

6778  Finger  ring  of  tortoise-shell.      Samoan  Ids. 

6779  Forehead  ornament,  disk  of  shell.      Solomon  Ids. 

6780  Fish  hooks  (4).      Solomon  Ids. 


List  of  Accessions.  53 

6785  Armlet  of  carved  shell.     New  Guinea. 

6786  Rings  of  Conus  shell  (2).     New  Guinea. 

6795  Fisherman's  idol  in  rough  lava,  Molokai.     Hawaiian. 

6796  Stone  dish  for  offerings  to  an  idol.     Hawaiian. 

6797  Stone  kapa  presser.     Hawaiian. 

6798  Grass  hula  dress  (  2 ) .     Hawaiian. 

7530    Poi  pounder  of  common  form.     Hawaiian. 

8129  Tree  carved  and  hollowed  for  a  drum  (Fig.  i).     Malekula, 

New  Hebrides. 

8130  Similar  sacred  drum,  but  smaller.    Malekula,  New  Hebrides. 

8131  Idol  carved  from  the    lower   stem  of  a  tree  fern  (Fig.  2). 

Malekula,  New  Hebrides. 

8132  Similar  idol,  both  painted  red  and  white  (Fig.  2).     Male- 

kula, New  Hebrides. 

8133  Image    composed    of   sticks   and    human   crania    (Fig.    3). 

Malekula,  New  Hebrides. 

8134  Image    composed    of    sticks   and   human   crania    (Fig.    3). 

Malekula,  New  Hebrides. 

8135  Image  similar  to  last  but  with  cotton  head  piece.     Malekula, 

New  Hebrides. 

8136  Phallic  image  of  .sticks  and  gum.    Malekula,  New  Hebrides. 

8137  Masks   of   light    wood    painted    red    (3).     Malekula,   New 

Hebrides. 
8140    Fine  woven  mat  dress  of  a  woman.    Malekula,  New  Hebrides. 
8143    Mat  dresses  for  women  (2).     Malekula,  New  Hebrides. 

8186  Wooden  awa  bowl  with  twelve  legs.    Given  by  Lieut.  W.  E. 

Safford.     Samoa. 

8187  Awa  cup  of  coconut  beautifully  tinted.     Given  by  Lieut. 

W.  E.  Safford.     Samoa. 

8188  Carv^ed    wood    upete    for   siapo.     Given   by   Lieut.    W.    E. 

Safford.     Samoa. 

8189  Portion  of  shell  for  scraping  siapo.     Given  by  Lieut.  W.  E. 

Safford.     Samoa. 

8190  Pandanus  baskets  (4).     Given   by   Lieut.    W.    E.    Safford. 

Samoa. 
8193    Fan  of  open  strudture.     Given  by   Lieut.    W.   E.    Safford. 
Samoa. 

8571  Poi  umeke  of  large  size,  partly  hollowed  out.     Given  b}'  H. 

G.  K.  Lyman.     Hawaiian. 

8572  Pandanus  leaf  prepared  for  mat  making.     Hawaiian. 


54  Director' s  Annual  Report. 

8573  Pandanus    leaf      prepared    for    mat    making,    finer    kind. 

Hawaiian. 

8574  Pandanus  mat  parti}'  made,  to  show  procedure.     Hawaiian. 

8579  Cloak  made  from  the   feathers  of  Apteryx  mantelli.     New 

Zealand. 

8580  Stone    dish    of    large    size    found    in    an   heiau    (Fig.  5). 

Hawaiian. 

8581  *Patu  of  schist  13^  inches  long.     Chatham  Ids. 

8582  Patu  similar  to  last,  12^  in.  long.     Chatham  Ids. 

8583  Patu  similar  to  last,  12)^  in.  long.     Chatham  Ids. 

8584  Patu  similar  to  last,  12  in.  long.     Chatham  Ids. 

8585  Adz  head  of  fine  basalt,  8}^  in.  long.     Chatham  Ids. 

8586  Adz  head  of  fine  basalt,  i3)^>  in.  long.     Chatham  Ids. 

8587  Nine  basalt  adz  heads  from  2^  in.  to  8^  in.  long.  Chatham  Ids. 

8597  Flint  adz  head  unfinished.     Chatham  Ids. 

8598  Flint  adz  heads  (2).     Chatham  Ids. 

8600  Adz,  complete.     Chatham  Ids. 

8601  Flint  chisels  (2),  4  in.  and  2^  in.  long.     Chatham  Ids. 

8603  Basalt  chisel,  4^  in  long.     Chatham  Ids. 

8604  Basalt  chisel,  11  in.  long.     Chatham  Ids. 

8605  Adz  head  of  basalt,  7  in.  long.     Chatham  Ids. 

8606  Sandstone  grindstones  (2).     Chatham  Ids. 
8608  Blubber  knives  of  slate  (2).     Chatham  Ids. 
8610  Blubber  knives  of  stone  ( 2 ) .     Chatham  Ids. 
8613  Blubber  knives  of  chert  ( 2 ) .     Chatham  Ids. 

8615  Mereor  double-edged  club  of  schist,  14  in.  long.  Chathamlds. 

8616  Mere  of  similar  material,  10^  in.  long.     Chatham  Ids. 

861 7  Musical  instrument  of  the  bone  of  an  albatross.    Chatham  Ids. 

8618  Bone  eel-threaders  (2).      Chatham  Ids. 

8620  Heitiki  or  amulet  of  bone.     Chatham  Ids. 

8621  Breast  and  ear  ornaments  of  cachelot  teeth  ( 2) .    Chatham  Ids. 
8623  Bone  heads  of  bird  spears  (2).     Chatham  Ids. 

8625  Bone  needles,  straight  and  curved  (2).     Chatham  Ids. 

.8627  Fish  hooks  of  bone,  carv^ed  (7).     Chatham  Ids. 

8792  Shell  axe  mounted,  Tridacna  shell  (Fig.  8).     Gilbert  Ids. 

8793  Shell  adze  mounted,  Tridacna  shell  (Fig.  8).     Gilbert  Ids. 

8794  Rasps  made    of    sunfish    skin    bound    to    wood    handles  (4, 

Fig.  9).     Gilbert  Ids. 

♦This  colle<5\ion  of  Moriori  implements  will  be  explained  at  greater  length  with  illustra- 
tions in  the  Memoirs  of  this  Museum.     It  is  of  great  value  and  interest. 


Mounted  Skeletons  and  Skins. 


55 


8798  Scraper  of  tortoise  shell  with  a  wood  handle.     Micronesia. 

8799  Combs  carved  from  wood  (2).     Gilbert  Ids. 

8801  Head  and  neck  ornament.     Ruk,  Caroline  Ids. 

8802  Wooden  spear  with  blunt  barbs.     Ruk,  Caroline  Ids. 

8803  Necklace  of   red    Chania    shell   disks,    very    choice.     Ruk, 

Caroline  Ids. 

8804  Necklaces  of  Engina  shells  (2).     Marshall  Ids. 

8806  Necklace  of  Neritina  shells.      Marshall  Ids. 

8807  Necklace  of  Cardium  shells.     Marshall  Ids. 

8808  Necklaces  of  Melampus  shells  (3).     Marshall  Ids. 
8812  Hawaiian  kapa,  3  specimens.     Hawaii. 


MOUNTED  SKELETONS. 

6801  Ar(5locephalus  lobatus.  Gray.     Australia. 

6802  Halicore  australis,  Cuvier.      (Dugong.)     Australia. 

6803  Macropus  giganteus,  Zimmermann.     Australia. 

6804  Ornithorhynchus  anatiuus,  Shaw.     Australia. 

6805  Dacelo  gigas,  Bodd.     New  South  Wales. 

6806  Menura  superba,  Davis.     (Lyre  Bird.)     New  South  Wales. 

6807  Nestor  notabilis,  Gould.      (Kea.)     New  Zealand. 

6808  Dromaeus  novae-hollandiae,  lyatham.     (Emu.)     Australia. 

6809  Eudyptila  minor,  Gray.     (Penguin.)     New  South  Wales. 

6810  Hydrosaurus   varius,    Gray.      (  lyace- lizard.)      New   South 

Wales. 

681 1  Cistudo  clausa,  Owen.     Indiana,  U.  S.  A. 

8200  Diomedia  brachj'ura,  Temminck.     Northern  Pacific. 

6719  Apteryx  mantelli,  Bartl.     New  Zealand. 

8 141  Male.     New  Hebrides. 

8634  Eardrums  of  Physeter  macrocephalus  (2).     Chatham  Ids. 


MOUNTED  SKINS. 

8199  Trichecus  obesus,  Illiger.      (Pacific  Walrus.)     Alaska. 

8201  Petaurus  breviceps  papuanus,  Thomas.     New  Britain. 

8202  Myrmecobius    fasciatus,    Waterhouse.     Western  Australia. 

8203  Pteropus  melanopogon,  Schleg.     New  Britain. 


56  Director's  Annual  Report. 

8204  Pteropus  poliocephahis,  Temminck.     New  South  Wales. 

8205  Pteropus  griseus,  E.  Geof.     Duke  of  York  Id. 

8206  Pteropus  capistriatus,  Peters.     New  Britain. 

8207  Harpy ia  major,  Dobs.     Duke  of  York  Id. 

8208  Callorhinus  ursinus  (Fur  Seal),  Gray.  ^      Pribilov  Ids. 

8209  Callorhinus  ursinus  (Fur  Seal),  Gray.  9      Pribilov  Ids. 


BIRD  SKINS. 

(Those  marked  *  have  been  mounted  by  Mr.  Bryan.) 

8705  Aluda  arvensis.  <?  *     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8706  Aluda  arvensis.  9  *     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8707  Acridotheres  tristis  (Mina).  ^     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8708  Fulica  alae  (Albino).  $     Maui.     Given  by  G.  P.  Wilder. 

8709  Gallinula  sandwicensis.  (?  *    Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8710  Calidris  arenaria.  ^  *     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

871 1  Charadrius  fulvus.^*     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8712  Charadrius  fulvus.  ^     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8713  Charadrius  fulvus.  ^     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8714  Charadrius  fulvus.  (?    Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8715  Chasiempis  gayi.  (?  *     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8716  Chasiempis  gayi.  ^  *     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8717  Charadrius  fulvus.  (?     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8718  Charadrius  fulvus.  (?     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8719  Charadrius  fulvus.  ^     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8720  Charadrius  fulvus.  ^     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8721  Asio  accipitrinus.  ^     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8722  Charadrius  fulvus.  ^     (Fall  plum.)     Hawaii.     Given  by  H, 

W.  Henshaw. 

8723  L,arus  occidentalis.  9     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8724  L,arus  occidentalis.  ^     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8725  Sterna  maxima.  ^    Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8726  Arenaria  interpres.  (?     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8727  Arenaria  interpres.  ^     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8728  Turtur  chinensis.     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8729  Telespiza  cantans.  9     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8730  Telespiza  cantans.  9     Laysau  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8731  Telespiza  cantans.  9     I^aysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8732  Telespiza  cantans.  9     I^aysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 


Bird  Skills.  5y 

8733  Acrocephalus  familiaris.  ^     Lay.san  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8734  Acrocephahis  familiaris.  9     Laysaii  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8735  Acrocephalus  familiaris.  9     Ivaysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8736  Himatione  freethi.  9     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8737  Himatione  freethi.  $     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8738  Porzanula  pahneri.  $     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8739  Porzanula  palmeri.  9     Ivaysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8740  Porzanula  palmeri.  $     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8741  Porzanula  palmeri.  9     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8742  Diomedia  nigripes.  9     Midway  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8743  Diomedia  immutabilis.     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8744  Anas  laysanensis.  9     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8745  Anas  laysanensis.  $     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8746  Diomedia  immutabilis.  $    Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8747  Sula  cyanops.  9     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8748  Sula  C3'anops.  $     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8749  Sula  piscator.  $    French  Frigates  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8750  Sula  piscator.  $      Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8751  Sula  sula.  9     Midway  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8752  Sula  sula.  $     Lisianski  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8753  Phaethon  rubricauda.  $     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8754  Phaethon  rubricauda.  $     Kermadec  Ids.     By  Exchange. 

8755  Phaethon  rubricauda.  $    Kermadec  Ids.     By  Exchange. 

8756  P'regata  aquila.     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8757  Fregata  aquila.     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8758  Haliplana  fuliginosa.  9    F'rench  P'rigates  Id.    By  Exchange. 

8759  Haliplana  fuliginosa.  9    French  Frigates  Id.    By  Exchange. 

8760  Gygis  alba  kittlitzi.     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8761  Sterna  lunata.     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8762  CEstrelata  hypoleuca.  $     Laysan  Id.     By  P^xchange. 

8763  CEstrelata  hypoleuca.  $     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8764  CEstrelata  hypoleuca.  $     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8765  Puffinus  cuneatus.  9     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8766  Puffinus  cuneatus.  9     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8767  Bulweria  bulweri.  (?     French  Frigates  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8768  Bulweria  bulweri.  (?     French  Frigates  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8769  Pufhnus  nativitatis.  9     PVench  Frigates  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8770  Puffinus  nativitatis.  $     French  Frigates  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8771  Anous  stolidus.  9     French  Frigates  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8772  Micranous  hawaiiensis.  9     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 


58  Director's  A?iii7ial  Report. 

8773  Charadrius  fulvus.  ?     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8774  Charadrius  fulvus.  9     Laysan  Id.     By  exchange. 

8775  Strepsilas  interpres.  9     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8776  Strepsilas  interpres.  9     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8777  Totanus  incanus.  9     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

8778  Numenius  tahitiensis.  9     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

9008  Gygis  alba  kittlitzi.  $     Laysan  Id.     By  Exchange. 

9009  Chrysoenas  luteovirens.  $     Fiji.     By  Purchase. 

9010  Chrysoenas  luteovirens.  $  *     Fiji.     By  Purchase. 

901 1  Chrysoenas  luteovirens.  9     Fiji.     By  Purchase. 

9012  Chrysoenas  luteovirens.  9     Fiji.     By  Purchase. 

9013  Chrysoenas  luteovirens.  9     Fiji.     By  Purchase. 

9014  Chrysoenas  luteovirens.  9     Fiji.     By  Purchase. 

9015  Chrysoenas  luteovirens.  9  *     Fiji.     By  Purchase. 

9016  Chalcophaps  chrysochlora.  $  *     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9017  Chalcophaps  chrysochlora.  ^     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9018  Macropygia  phasianella.  ^     By  Purchase. 

9019  Macropygia  phasianella.  9  *     By  Purchase. 

9020  Macropygia  phasianella  S  *     By  Purchase. 

9021  Megaloprepia  magnifica.  9  *     By  Purchase. 

9022  Megaloprepia  magnifica.  $     By  Purchase. 

9023  Megaloprepia  magnifica.  9     By  Purchase. 

9024  Megaloprepia  magnifica.  9     By  Purchase. 

9025  Ptilopus  perousei.*     Fiji.     By  Purchase. 

9026  Ptilopus  perousei.     Fiji.     By  Purchase. 

9027  Ptilopus  ponapensis.     Fiji.     By  Purchase. 

9028  Ptilopus  ponapensis.*     Fiji.     By  Purchase. 

9029  Ptilopus  rarotongensis.*     Fiji.     By  Purchase. 

9030  Psitteuteles  chlorolepidotus.*     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9031  Psitteuteles  chlorolepidotus.*     Queensland.     By  Purchase- 

9032  Cacatua  galerita.*     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9033  Trichoglossus  novae-hollandiae.*   Queensland.    By  Purchase. 

9034  Trichoglossus  novae-hollandiae  ( 7 ) .     Queensland.     By  Pur- 

chase. 

9041  Aprosmidlus  cyanopygius  (4).**  Queensland.    By  Purchase. 

9045  Glossopsittacus   porphyrocephalus.     Queensland.     By  Pur- 

chase. 

9046  Seven  unidentified  species.*     By  Purchase. 

9053  ^gintha  temporalis  (4).**     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9057  Two  unidentified  species.     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 


Bird  Skins.  59 

9059  Erythrura  pealii.*     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9060  Dicaeum  hiruudiuaceum  (  2).**    Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9062  Machsrorhynchus    flaviventer.  9  *      Queensland.      By  Pur- 

chase. 

9063  Machaerorhynchus  flaviventer  (8).  ^  *  Queensland.    By  Pur- 

chase. 

9071  Machaerorhynchus  flaviventer  (5).  9     Queensland.     By  Pur- 
chase. 

9076  Four  unidentified  specimens.**     By  Purchase. 

9081  Malurus  elegans.  (?  *     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9082  Malurus  elegans  (2).  9     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9084  Malurus  melanocephalus  (6).  ^  *     New  South  Wales.     By 
Purchase. 

9090  Malurus  melanocephalus.  9  *     New  South  Wales.     By  Pur- 

chase. 

9091  F'our  unidentified  specimens.**     By  Purchase. 

9095  Ptilotis  polygramma.*     Queensland.      By  Purchase. 

9096  Ptilotis  limbata  (3).**     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 
9999  Dacelo  gigas.  $     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9100  Dacelo  gigas.  9     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9101  Alcyone  azurea.  9  *     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9102  Tanysiptera  sylvia.*     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9103  Halcyon  macleayi  (6).*     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 
9109  Two  unidentified  specimens.*     By  Purchase. 

91 1 1  Chalcococcyx  plagosus.  ^  *     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

91 1 2  Chalcococcyx  plagosus.  9  *     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

91 13  Rhipidura  rufifrons.*     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

91 14  Rhipidura  tricolor.*     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

91 15  Malurus  sp.*     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

91 16  Two  unidentified  specimens.*     By  Purchase. 

91 18  Ptilorhis  paradisea  ( 9 ) .  ^  *     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9127  Ptilorhis  paradisea  ( 2 ) .  9  *     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9129  Ptilotis  auricomis.     New  South  Wales.     By  Purchase. 

9130  Caprimulgus  macrurus.  <?     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9131  Cracticus  quoyi  (3).*     Queensland.     B}"  Purchase. 

9134  Merops  ornatus.*     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9135  Mj^zomela  obscura.*     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 

9136  Myzomela  sanguinolenta.  ^  *     By  Purchase. 

9137  Myzomela  jugularis.  J' *     By  Purchase. 

9138  Myiagra  azureicapilla.  (?  *     By  Purchase. 


6o  Director'' s  A^imial  Report. 

9139  Cinnyris  zeylanica.  <?  *     Ceylon.     By  Purchase. 

9140  Cinnyris  comorensis.  $  *     Ceylon.     By  Purchase. 

9141  ^luroedis  viridis  (2).  9  *     Queensland.     By  Purchase. 
9143  Six  unidentified  specimens.***     By  Purchase. 

9149  Haliplana  fuliginosa  (6).  J'     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Scale. 

9155  Haliplana  fuliginosa.  9     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Scale. 

9156  Anous  stolidus  (3).  ^    Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Scale. 

9159  Totanus  incanus.  9     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Scale. 

9160  Phasianus  colchicus  9  *     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Scale. 

9161  Charadrius  fulvus.  9  *     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Scale. 

9162  Totanus  incanus.  $  *     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Scale. 

9163  Totanus  incanus.  9  *     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Scale. 

9164  Anous  hawaiicnsis  (2).  ^    Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Scale. 

9166  Dafila  acuta.  ^    Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Scale. 

9167  Dafila  acuta.  9     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Scale. 

9168  Anas  wyvillianus.  ^     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Scale. 

9169  Porphyrio  melanotus.  ^     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Scale. 

9170  Nydlicorax  ny(5licorax.  ^     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Scale. 

91 7 1  Arenaria  intcrpres.  9     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Scale. 

9172  Charadrius  fulvus  (2).  ^     Oahu.     Coll.  A.  Scale. 
6740  Emu  eggs  (2).     Queensland.     Purchased. 


MOLLUSCA. 

(The  numbers  are  not  given  as  they  will  be  altered  somewhat  for  the  Catalogue  of  the  entire 
colledlion  of  Mollusca,  now  in  preparation.) 

Octopus  punctatus,  Gabb.     Cast  en  papier  mache.     North  Pacific. 

cuvieri,  D'Orb.     Torres  Strait. 
Argonauta  argo,  Linn.     $  3  stages  in  alcohol.     Mediterranean. 
Scpiola  rondeleti,  D'Orb.;  in  alcohol.     Mediterranean. 
Nautilus  pompilius,  Linn.,  bisecfled  ;   in  alcohol.     Torres  Strait. 
Pncumodcrmon  mediterrancum,  Ben.;  in  alcohol.    Mediterranean. 
Clionopsis  krohnii ;  in  alcohol.     Mediterranean. 
Murcx  blainvillci,  Payr.     Naples. 

carboneri,  Jouss. 

cornutus,  Linn.     W.  Africa. 

foliatus,  Martyn.     Japan. 

malabaricus,  Mel.     Persian  Gulf. 


Mollusca.  6 1 

Murex  mitrseformis,  Sowerby.     Natal. 

scolopax,  Dillwyn.-     Persian  Gulf, 
seuegalensis  (var.  calcar),  Gmel.     Japau. 
Muricidea  hexagouus,  Lamarck.     Peuaug. 
Phyllouotus  endivia,  Lam.     Philippines. 
Chicoreus  saxatilis,  Linn.     Indo-Pacific. 
Urosalpynx  contracta,  Reeve.     Aden. 
Trophon  flindersi,  A.  &  A.     Vidloria,  Australia. 
Purpura  situla,  Reeve.     Aden. 

cingulata,  Linn.     Cape  Town, 
lapilloides,  Conrad.     California. 
Sistrum  adelaidensis,  Crosse.     Victoria,  Australia. 

meyendorffi,  Cab.     Durban,  Natal. 
Triton  concinnus,  Reeve.     Hawaiian  Ids. 

eburneus,  Crosse.     Vicfloria,  Australia, 
maculosus,  Gmel.     Mauritius, 
nodiferus.  Lam.     Indo-Pacific. 
sinensis,  Rve.     China, 
verrucosus,  Rve.     Australia. 
Ranella  concinna,  Dunker.     Kurachi. 
Fusus  australis,  Quoy.     Australia, 
distans,  Lam.     Pacific, 
proboscidiferus,  Lam.     N.  Australia. 
Peristernia  maculata,  Rve.     Australia. 

na.ssatula,  Lam.     Mauritius. 
Siphonalia  dilatata,  Quoy.     New  Zealand. 

maxima.  Try  on.     Tasmania. 
Fulgur  perversa,  Linn.     Florida. 

perversa,  &%%  cases.     Florida. 
Cominella  maculata,  Martyn.     Poverty  Bay,  New  Zealand. 
Latrunculus  mollianus,  Chem.     Kurachi. 

valentinianus,  Swainson.     Red  Sea. 
Bullia  kurachiensis,  Angus.     Kurachi. 
persica,  Smith.     Kurachi. 
vittata,  Linn.     Ceylon, 
diluta,  Krauss.     Natal. 
Nassa  nodifera,  Paris.     Aden. 

obookensis,  Jouss.     Aden. 
persica,  Martyn.     Aden, 
pullus,  Linn.     Aden. 


62  Director's  Anyuial  Report. 

Turbinella  rapa,  lyam.     Ceylon. 

scolymus,  Lam.     West  Indies. 
Lyria  deliciosa,  Mont.     New  Caledonia. 
Turricula  costellaris,  Lam.     Singapore. 
Oliva  araneosa,  Lam.     Panama. 

araneosa  (var.  polpastra),  Duclos.     Straits  of  Magellan. 
Columbella  dalli,  E.  A.  Smith.     Vancouver. 
Bela  brachystomoides,  Cpr.     California. 

trevelyana,  Turton.     Norway. 
Conus  acuminatus,  Hwass.     Red  Sea. 
anemone,  Lam.     Australia, 
araneosus,  Hwass.     Philippines, 
archiepiscopus,  Hwass.     East  Indies, 
betulinus,  Linn.     Singapore, 
characteristicus,  Gmel. 
genuanus,  Hwa.ss.     West  Africa, 
interruptus,  Brod.     Panama, 
janus,  Hwass.     Cochin  China, 
lithoglyphus,  Mensch.     East  Indies, 
maldivus,  Hwass.     Mauritius, 
mercator,  Linn.     West  Indies, 
rattus,  Hwass.     Indo-Pacific. 
stercus-muscarum,  Linn.     Pelew  Ids. 
vautieri,  Kiener.     Marquesas  Ids. 
Strombus  accipitrinus,  Lam.     West  Indies, 
gigas,  Linn.     Bahamas, 
melanostoma,  Swainson.     Philippines, 
peruvianus,  Swainson.     Panama. 
Dolium  maculatum,  Lam.     Singapore. 
Maleo  ringens,  Swainson.     Pacific. 
Struthiolaria  papulosa,  Martyn.     Australia. 
Cassis  coronulata,  Lam.     Philippines. 
Cyprgea  childreni.  Gray.     Borneo. 

cribellum,  Gaskoin.     Mauritius, 
cumingi,  Gray.     Paumotu  Arch, 
cylindrica.  Born.     Australia, 
indica,  Gmelin.     S.  Pacific, 
picta.  Gray.     Cape  de  Verde  Ids. 
piperita,  Solander.     Australia, 
polita,  Roberts.     Japan. 


Mollusca .  63 


Cypraea  pustulata,  Lam.     Panama, 
stercoraria,  Linn.     Africa. 
Trivia  sphserula,  Mighels.     Paumotu  Arch. 
Natica  cancrena,  Linn.     West  Indies. 
Vivipara  glauca,  Linn. 
Nerita  atropurpura,  Reel.     Singapore. 
Phasianella  bulimoides,  Lam.     Australia. 
Astralium  sulcatum,  Martyn.     New  Zealand. 
Turbo  marmoratus,  Linn.     China. 
Haliotis  pulcherrima,  Martyn. 
FivSSurella  crassa,  Lam.     Valparaiso. 
Acmsea  mitra,  Esch.     California, 
pelta,  Esch.     California. 
Cryptochiton  stelleri,  Midd.     California. 
Haminea  rotundata,  A.  Adams.     Australia, 
virescens,  Sowerby.      Pitcairn  Id. 
Hydatina  physis,  Linn.     Mauritius. 
Dollabella  scapula,  Martyn.     Port  Dennison. 
Rh3-tida  lampra,  Pfr.     Tasmania. 
Zonites  algira,  Linn.     Spain. 
F'lammulina  fordei.  Brazier.     Tasmania. 
Alexia  meridionalis.  Brazier.     Tasmania. 
Gundlachia  beddomei,  Pett.     Tasmania. 
Gastrochsena  mumia,  Spengler.     Singapore. 
Pisidium  tasmanicum,  Ten-Woods.     Tasmania. 
Unio  aesopus.  Green.      MivSsissippi  River. 

camptodon,  Say.     New  Orleans. 

clavus.  Lam.     Ohio  River. 

coccineus,  Lea.     Ohio  River. 

foliatus,  Hild.     Ohio  River. 

fragosus,  Conrad.     Ohio  River. 

gracilis,  Barnes.     Ohio  River. 

graniferus,  (var.)  Lea.     Cumberland  River. 

iris.  Lea.     Ohio  River. 

jejunus.  Lea.     Virginia. 

lachrymosus.  Lea.     Miami  Canal. 

obliquus.  Lam.     Ohio. 

phaseolus,  Hild.     Ohio. 

plicatus,  Lesueur.     Ohio  River. 

rugosa,  Barnes.     Ohio  River. 


64  Director'' s  Ajiiiual  Report. 

Unio  schoolcraftia,  Lea.     Michigan, 
shepardianus,  Lea.     Georgia, 
spatulata,  Lea.     Ohio, 
subovatus,  Barnes.     Ohio, 
trigonus,  Lea.     Ohio  River, 
ventricosus,  Barnes.     Illinois, 
verrucosus,  Barnes.     Miami  River, 
zigzag,  Lea.     Ohio  River. 
Margaritana  calceola,  Lea.     Genesee  River. 

deltoidea.  Lea.     Ohio  River. 
Anodonta  edentula,  Say.     New  York. 
Leda  minuta,  Fabr.     Norway. 
Yoldia  lenticula,  Moller.     Spitzbergen. 
Area  modiola,  Linn.     Mediterranean, 
navicularis,  Brod.     China, 
tetragona,  Poli.     Mediterranean. 
Glycymeris  striatularis.  Lam.     Australia. 
Pecten  asperimus,  Lam.     Tasmania. 

aspersus.  Lam.     Mediterranean, 
clavatus.     Mediterranean, 
corallinoides,  Poli.     Mediterranean, 
crassicostatus,  Sowerby.     Moluccas, 
danicus,  Chemnitz.      Scotland, 
gibbus,  Linn.      Senegal, 
layardi,  Rve.     Ceylon, 
lemniscatus,  Rve.     Mauritius, 
magellanicus.  Lam.     Massachusetts, 
senatorius,  Gmel.     Zanzibar, 
serratus,  Sby.     Mauritius, 
splendidus,  Sby.     Torres  Strait, 
squamosus,  Gmel.     Moluccas, 
subnodosus,  Sby.     Galapagos  Ids. 
tranquebaricus,  Gmel.     Tranquebar. 
ventricosus,  Sby.     Lower  California, 
zelandiae.  Gray.     New  Zealand. 
Vola  dentata,  Sby.     California, 
fumata,  Rve.     Australia. 
Amussium  balloti,  Bernhardi.     New  Caledonia. 

japonicum,  Gmel.     Japan. 
Ostrea  borealis.  Lam.     Massachusetts. 


RADIATA. 

[50  Ophiocoiiia  iethiops,  Lutkeii :   in  alcohol.      Panama. 

51  Ophionereis  annulata,  Lyman;   in  alcohol.      vSamoau  Ids. 

52  Ophiomastrix  annnlosa,  M.  >S:  T.      Pelew  Ids. 

53  Astropeclen  bispinosus,  M.  <S:  T.     Australia. 

54  Archaster  agassizii,  \'err.;    in  alcohol.      Martha's  Vineyard. 
;35  Asterias  ochracea,  Brand.      California. 
[56  Heliaster  kubingii,  Xanthus.      Chili. 

57  Acanthaster  sp.      Samoan  Ids. 

58  Stichaster  aurantiacus,  I\I.     Chili. 
159  Culcita  grex.;   in  formaldehyde. 
[60  Anthenea  granulifera,  Gray.     Australia. 
[61  Oreaster  turritus,  M.  &  T.      Pelew  Ids. 
[62  Xidorella  armata,  Gray.      Panama. 
[63  Linckia  hevigata,  Lam.     Australia. 
[64  Asterina  australis,  M.  &  T.     Australia. 
[65  Asterina  calcar,  Lam.     Tasmania. 
[66  Dorocidaris  papillata,  Ag.      Bay  of  Naples. 
[67  Goniocidaris  tubaria,  Lutk.      S.  Australia. 
[68  Phyllacanthus  annulifera,  Ag.     Australia. 
:69  Stephanocidaris  bispinosa,  Ag.      Philippines. 

70  Diadema  mexicanum,  A.  Ag.      Mexico. 

71  Arbacia  spatuligera,  A.  Ag.     Peru. 

72  Salmacis  alexandri,  Bell.     Australia. 

73  Amblypneustes  ovum,  Lam.     Australia. 

74  vStrongylocentrotus  erythrogrammus,  Ag.      Australia. 

75  vStrongylocentrotus  tuberculatus,  Lam.      Lord  Howe  Id. 

76  Euechinus  chloroticus,  Verr.      New  Zealand. 
6792  Echinus  miliaris,  Australia. 

r93  Echinus  sp.     Australia. 

77  Hipponoe  depressa,  Ag.      Lower  California. 

78  Clypeaster  speciosus.     California. 

79  Laganum  bonani,  Kl.     Tasmania. 

80  Echmarachnius  parma.  Lam.      Maine. 
:8i  Arachnoides  placenta,  Ag.      Port  Mackay. 
;82  Echinocardium  australe,  Norman;   in  alcohol.      Shetland. 

83  Metalia  pectoralis,  Ag.     Bahamas. 

84  Lovenia  cordiformis,  Lutk.     California. 

O.  p.;   B.  p.  B.  M.— Vol.  I.,  No.  2.  (65"" 


LIST  OP  RECENT  CORALS. 

[In  the  Museum  before  the  year  1899.] 

It  has  seemed  best  to  give  a  complete  list  of  the  corals  in  the 
Museum,  and  from  [time  to  time,  in  these  Annual  Reports,  it  is 
hoped  that  more  or  less  complete  lists  of  the  contents  of  the  collec- 
tions may  be  given. 

8825  Euphyllia  fimbriata,  E.  &  H.      Micronesia. 

8826  plicata,  E.  &  H.     Micronesia. 

8827  turgida,  Dana.     Torres  Straits. 

8828  sp.     Samoa. 

8829  Mussa    multilobata,  Dana.      Micronesia. 

8830  sinensis,  E.  &  H.     Torres  Straits. 

8831  tenuidentata,  E.  &  H.     Torres  Straits. 

8832  Trachyphyllia  amarantum,  E.  &  H.     Micronesia. 

8833  Tridacophyllia  laciniata. 

8834  lactuca,  Dana.     Micronesia. 

8835  Dichocoenia  sp.     Bahamas. 

8836  ?         Torres  Straits. 

8837  ?         Torres  Straits. 

8838  Aphrastraea  deformis,  E.  &  H.     Torres  Straits. 

8839  Cyphastraea  chalcidium,  Forskal.  do. 

8840  Goniastrsea  eximia,  E.  &  H.  do. 
.1  Prionastrsea  robusta,  do.  do. 
[2         sp.     Torres  Straits. 

8843  sp.  do. 

8844  sp.  do. 

8845  sp.  do. 

8846  Rhodarsea  gracilis,  E.  &  H.      Torres  Straits. 

8847  Coeloria  arabica,  Klz.     Torres  Straits. 

8848  Diploria  cerebriforniis,  E.  &  H.      Bahamas. 
8930         cerebriforniis,  do.  do. 
2705  Eeptoria  tenuis,                    do. 

8849  Merulina  ampliata.  Lam.      Micronesia. 

8850  ampliata,  Lam.     Torres  Straits. 

8851  regalis,  Dana.     Fiji. 

8852  regalis,  Dana.      Fiji. 

(66) 


E.  &  H. 

Fiji. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

r'  Ijl . 

Fiji. 

List  of  Rcccnf  Corals.  67 

8853  F'ungia  diversideus, 

8854  patella, 

8855  patella, 

8856  patella, 

8857  patella,  do.           do.      [var.] 

8858  repanda,  Dana. 

8859  repanda,  Dana. 
8S60  Pleuractis  scutaria,  \'errill.      Fiji. 

8861  scutaria,  \"errill.      Fiji. 

8862  scutaria,  Verrill.      Fiji. 

8863  Dendrogyra  cylindrica,  Ehr.      Bahamas . 

8864  cylindrica,  Ehr.     Bahamas. 

8865  Ctenactis  sp.     Fiji. 

8866  sp.      Fiji. 

8867  sp.      Fiji. 

7630  sp.     Gilbert  Ids. 

7631  sp.     Gilbert  Ids. 

8868  Herpetolitha  limax,  Esch.     Torres  Straits. 

271 1  crassa,  Dana.     Fiji. 

2712  crassa,  Dana.     Fiji. 

8869  Cryptabacia  talpina,  E.  &  H.     Torres  Straits. 

8870  Halomitra  clypeus,  Verrill.     Samoa. 

8871  clypeus,  Verrill.      Samoa. 

2713  clypeus,  Verrill.     Micronesia. 

8872  Lithactinia  pileiformis,  E.  &  H.      Fiji. 

8873  Pavonia  divaricata,  Dana.     Samoa. 

8874  divaricata,  Dana.     Samoa. 

8875  decussata,  Dana.     Samoa.      (2  specimens. ) 

8876  decussata,  Dana.     Samoa. 
2727  decussata,  Dana.     Micronesia. 

8877  .sp.     Micronesia. 

8878  Podabacia  Crustacea,  E.  &  H.     Micronesia. 

8879  Hydnophora  demidoffi,  Fischer.     Torres  Straits. 

8880  rigida,  Dana.     Micronesia. 

8881  Pachyseris  fluctuosa,  Verrill.      Micronesia. 

2733  Dendrophyllia  nigrescens,  Dana.     Fiji. 

2734  nigrescens,  Dana.     Gilbert  Ids. 

8882  Galaxea  bougainvillei,  Blain.     Torres  Straits. 

8883  Turbinaria  frondens,  Verrill.     Torres  Straits. 

8884  peltata,  E.  «&  H.     Torres  Straits. 


58  Director's  Annual  Report. 

8885  Turbinaria  peltata,  E.  &  H. 

8886  Astraeopora  echiuata,  Verrill.     Torres  Straits. 

8887  Madrepora  abrotauoides,  Lam.     Fiji. 

8888  abrotauoides,  Lam. 

8889  abrotauoides,  Lam. 

8890  alliomorpha.  Brook.      Fiji. 

1  alliomorpha,  Brook.     Fiji. 

2  calamaria,  Brook.     Fiji. 

8893  cervicornis.  Lam.     Micronesia. 

8894  coiiciiina,  Brook.     Fiji. 

8895  coiicinna.  Brook.      Fiji. 

8896  conferta,  Quelch.      Fiji. 

8897  conferta,  Quelch.     Fiji. 

8898  cymbicyathus.  Brook.      Fiji. 

8899  cymbicyathus.  Brook.      Fiji. 
2703  cytherea,  Dana.     Tahiti. 

8900  dilatata,  Brook.     Fiji. 

2716  echiuata,  Dana.      Samoa. 

8901  gravida,  Dana.     Fiji. 

8902  leptocyathus.  Brook.     Samoa. 

8903  millipora,  Ehr.      Fiji. 

8904  nobilis,  Dana.     Micronesia. 

8905  pacifica.  Brook.     Fiji. 
8905  pacifica,  Brook.      Fiji. 

8907  palifera,  Lam.     Torres  Straits. 

8908  palifera.  Lam.     Torres  vStraits. 

8909  pvilchra  (var.  stricta),  Brook.      Fiji.      (3  specimens. 

8910  pulchra  (var.  stricta).  Brook. 

2714  reticulata,  Brook. 

2700  rosaria,  Dana.     Fiji. 

2701  rosaria,  Dana.     Fiji. 

8911  rosaria  (var.  dumo.sa),  Dana.      Fiji. 

8912  studeri,  Brook. 

2702  spicifera,  Dana.      Fiji. 

2715  specif  era,  Dana.     Samoa.      (  2  specimens. ) 

2717  samoensis. 

8913  valenciennesi,  E.  &  H.      Fiji. 

8914  sp.     Torres  vStraits. 
2724  sp. 

2726  sp. 


Palccozoic  Corals.  69 


8915  Moiitipora  scabricula,  Dana.      Torres  vStraits. 

S916  Alveopora  excelsa,  Verrill. 

8917  Seriatopora  hystrix,  Dana.     Fiji. 

8gi8         hystrix,  Dana.      Fiji. 

8919  liy.strix,  Dana.      Fiji. 

8920  Stylophora  danae,  E.  &  H.      Micronesia. 

8921  Pocillopora  acuta,  Lam.     Micronesia. 

2708  aspera  (var.  lata)  \'errill.     Oahu,  H.  I. 

2706  cespitosa,  Dana.     Hawaii. 

2707  cespitosa,  Dana.     Oahu. 

8922  danae,  \'errill.      Fiji. 

2709  ligulata,  Oahu. 

8923  nobilis,  Verrill.      Samoa. 

2710  nobilis,  \"errill.     Oahu. 

8924  Heliopora  ccerulea,  Dana.    Torres  vStraits. 

8925  coerulea  do.  do. 

8926  Porites  arenosa.  E.  &  H.  do. 

8927  lutea,  do.  do. 

8148  Stylaster  sp.      Samoa.      (?) 

2735  Disticopora  coccinea.      Gilbert  Ids. 

8928  Millepora  platyphylla,  Dana.     Tahiti. 

8929  platyphylla,  Dana.  Samoa. 
2729  platyphylla,  Dana.  .Samoa. 
2732         ramosa,  Dana. 

2718  tortuosa,  Dana.     Samoa. 
2737  Allopora  sanguinea.      Micronesia. 
2704  Tubipora  syringa,  Dana.      Fiji. 

2719  syringa,  Dana.      Fiji. 

8147  Rhipidogorgia  flabellum,  \'al.      Bahamas. 

8149  Mellitea  ochracea,  Lam.     Tonga. 


AL.EOZOIC  CORALS. 


821 1  Acervularia  davidsoni,  E.  &  H.     Hamilton.     Iowa  City. 

8212  david-soni,  E.  &  H.      Hamilton.     Iowa  City. 

8213  davidsoni,  E.  &  H.     Devonian.     Near  Dubuque,  Iowa. 

8214  Acrophyllum    oneidaense,    Billings.     Corniferous.      Falls   of 

the  Ohio. 

8215  rugosum,  G.  K.  Greene.     Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 


yo  Director's  Annual  Report. 

8216  Alveolites  constans,  Davis.     Coniiferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8217  fibrosus,  Davis.      Niagara.     lyouisville,  Ky. 

8218  goldfussi,  Billings.      Hamilton.      Cuylersville,  N.  Y. 

8219  goldfussi,  Billings.      Hamilton.     Charle.stown,  Ind. 

8220  minimus,  Davis.     Corniferous.     P'alls  of  the  Ohio. 

8221  mordax,  Davis.     Middle  Devonian.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8222  niagarensis,  Nicholson.     Niagara.     Bear  Grass  Creek,  Ky. 

8223  scandularis,  Davis.      Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8224  squamosus,  Billings.     Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 
5225  undosus,  S.  A.  Miller.      Niagara.      Douisville,  K3'. 
■8226    Aniplexus  coralloides,  Sowerby.     Warsaw.     Danesville,  Ind. 
■8227  shumardi,  E.  &  H.      Niagara.      Louisville,  Ky. 

8228  Aulacophyllum  convergens,  Hall.     Hamilton.     Charlestown, 

Ind. 

8229  sulcatum,  d'OrbigU}-.     Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8230  Aulopora    conferta,    Winchell.      Hamilton.      Near    Charles- 

town, Ind. 

8231  erecta,  Rominger.      Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8232  serpens,   Goldfuss.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8233  Blothrophyllum    bucculeutum,    G.    K.    Greene.      Hamilton. 

Near  Charlestown,  Ind. 

8234  cingulatum,  G.  K.  Greene.   Corniferous.    Fallsof  the  Ohio. 

8235  conigerum,  G.  K.  Greene.     Hamilton.     Charle.stown,  Ind. 

8236  decorticatum,  Billings.     Corniferous.      F'alls  of  the  Ohio. 

8237  flexuosum,  G.  K.  Greene.    Hamilton.     Near  Charlestown, 

Ind. 

8238  promissum.  Hall.     Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8239  sinuosum.  Hall.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8240  zaphrentiforme,  Davis.      Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8261  Calapoecia  crebriformis,  Nicholson.     Hudson  River.     Jeffer- 

son Co.,  Ind. 

8262  Calceola  tenneseensis,  Roemer.    Niagara.    Wayne  Co.,  Tenn. 

8241  Campophyllum  torquium,  Owen.   Carboniferous.   Bird  Creek, 

Ind. 

8263  Canuapora  junciformis.   Hall.      Niagara.     Rochester,  N.  Y, 

8242  Chonophyllum  magnificum,  Billings.     Corniferous.     Falls  of 

the  Ohio. 

8243  nanum,  Davis.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8244  Chonostegites  clappi,  E.  &  H.     Corniferous.     Le  Roy,  N.  Y. 


J\^l(Cozoic  Corals.  ji 

8245  Clatlopora  alcicornis,  Davis.      Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8246  aspera,  Romiuger.     Coniiferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8247  cryptodens,   Romiuger.     Coniiferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8248  expatiata,  Romiuger.     Coruiferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8249  iisheri,  Billiugs.     Coruiferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8250  gurleyi,  G.  K.  Greeue.     Coruiferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8251  iutermedia,  G.  K.  Greeue.    Coruiferous.    Fallsof  the  Ohio. 

8252  labiosa,  Billiugs.     Coruiferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8253  laqueata,  Romiuger.     Niagara.     Louisville,  Ky. 

8254  piuguis,  Romiuger.     Coruiferous.     Le  Roy.  N.  Y. 

8255  reticulata,  Hall.     Niagara.     Illiuois. 

8256  rimosa,  Romiuger.     Coruiferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8257  robusta,  Romiuger.     Coruiferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8258  roemeri,  Romiuger.     Coruiferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8259  turgida.  Romiuger.     Coruiferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8260  wiuchellaua,  S.  A.  Miller.    Coruiferous.    Fallsof  the  Ohio. 

8269  Clisiophyllum    couigerum,    Romiuger.     Coruiferous.      Falls 

of  the  Ohio. 

8266  CcElophjdlum    pyriiorme,    Hall.     Coruiferous.     Falls   of  the 

Ohio. 

8264  Coeuites  lamiuata,  Hall.     Niagara.     Louisville.  Ky. 

8265  verticillata,  Wiuchell.     Niagara.     Louisville,  Ky. 

8267  Columuaria  alveolata,  Goldfuss.     Hudson  River.     Madison, 

Ind. 

826S  Coustellaria  antheloidea,  Hall.    Hudson  River.  Cincinnati,  O. 
8532         antheloidea,  do.  do.  do. 

8270  Cyathaxonia  profunda,  F.  &  H. 

8271  wisconsinensis,  Whitfield.     Niagara.    Chicago,  111. 

8272  compressa,  G.  K.  Greene.     Warsaw.     Lauesville,  Ind. 

8273  Cyathophyllum  arctifossa,  Hall.     Coruiferous.     Falls  of  the 

Ohio. 

8274  brevicorne,  Davis.     Coruiferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8275  galerum,  Hall.      Hamilton.     Western  New  York. 

8276  geuiculatum,    Romiuger.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,   Ind. 

8277  houghtoni,  do.  do.         Western  New  Yoirk. 

8278  juveuis,  Romiuger.     Coruiferous.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8279  radicula,  Romiuger.      Niagara.      Louisville,  K}'. 

8280  robustum.  Hall.      Hamilton.     Western  New  York. 

8281  rugosum,  Hall.     Coruiferous.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8282  rugosum.  Hall.     Coruiferous.     Jefferson  Co.,  Ind. 


72  Director  s  Annual  Report. 

8283  Cyathophyllum  tomatum,  Davis.     Hamilton.     Charlestown, 

Ind. 

8284  validum,  Hall.      Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8285  zenkeri,  Billings.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8286  Cystiphylliim  americannm,  E.  &  H.      Hamilton.     Clark  Co., 

Ind. 

8287  americannm,   K.  &  H.      Hamilton.     Western  New  York. 

8288  americannm,        do.  do.                         do. 

8289  americannm,        do.  do.                           do. 

8290  conifollis.  Hall.  do.             Charlestown,  Ind. 

8291  crateriformis.  Hall.     Corniferons.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8292  crassatum,  G.  K.  Greene.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8293  decurrens,  G.  K.  Greene.     Corniferons.     Fallsof  the  Ohio. 

8294  gemmatum,    G.    K.   Greene.     Hamilton.     Near  Charles- 

town, Ind. 

8295  grande,  Billings.     Hamilton.      Near  Charlestown,  Ind. 

8296  granilineatum,  Hall.     Niagara.      Lonisville,  Ky. 

8297  lacineatnm,    G.    K.    Greene.     Hamilton.      Near  Charles- 

town, Ind. 

8298  latiradius.  Hall.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8299  nanum.  Hall.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8300  niagarensis.  Hall.     Niagara.     Louisville,  Ky. 

8301  osculum,  G.  K.  Greene.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8302  ossiculum,          do.  do.                         do. 

8303  plicatum,  Davis.     Corniferons.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8304  pustulatum.  Hall.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8305  seuecaense,  Billings.     Hamilton.     Clark  Co.,  Ind. 

8306  squamosum,  Nicholson.     Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8307  varians.  Hall.     Hamilton.      Moscow,  N.  Y. 

8308  vesiculosum,  Goldfuss.      Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 
8533  Cytelasma  lane.svillense,   S.   A.   Miller.     St.  Louis.      Lanes- 

ville,  Ind. 

8328  Dendropora  ornata,  Rominger.    Hamilton.   Charlestown,  Ind. 

8309  Diphyphvllum  adnatum.  Hall.     Corniferous.      Charle.stown, 

Ind. 

8310  apertum.  Hall.      Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

831 1  archiaci,  Billings.     Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8312  caespitosum,  Hall.      Niagara.      Bridgeport,  111. 

8313  coagulatum,  Davis.     Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8314  colletti,  G.  K.  Greene.     Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 


Palieorjoic  Corals.  73 

S315  Diphypliylluin  cylitidraceuni,   Hall.     Coruiferous.     Charles- 
town,  Iiid. 

^"^316  gigas,  Rominger.     Corniferous.      Michigan{?). 

S317  laxiim,  G.  K.  Greene.    Hamilton.    Near  Cliarlestown,  lud. 

8319  multicaule,  Hall.     Niagara.     Monticello,  Jones  Co.,  Iowa. 

8320  panicum,  Winchell.     Corniferous.     Jefferson  Co.,  Ind. 

8321  prolatuni,  (x.  K.  Crreene.      Hamilton.      Near  Charle.stown, 

Ind. 

8322  rngosum,  K.  &  H.     Niagara.     Workhouse  Quarry,  I^ouis- 

ville,  Ky. 

8323  simcoense,  Billings.     Corniferous.     L,e  Roy,  N.  Y. 

8324  stramineum,  Billings.     Corniferous.      Le  Roy,  N.  V. 

8325  unicum,  Cj.  K.  Greene.      Hamilton.     Cliarlestown,  Ind. 

8326  verneuilianus,  E.  &  H.     Corniferous.     Clark  Co..  Ind. 

8327  wadsworthi,  G.  K.  Greene.    Hamilton.    Cliarlestown,  Ind. 

8329  Duncanella  borealis,   Nicholson.     Niagara.     Waldron,  Ind. 

8330  Favistella  stellata,  Hall.      Hudson  River.     Indiana. 

8534  stellata,  do.  do.  Jefferson  Co.,  Ind. 

8331  Favosites  amplissimus,  Davis.    Cornifrous.    Fallsof  the  Ohio. 

8332  argus.  Hall.      Hamilton.      Pavilion,  N.  Y. 

8333  arbuscula.  Hall.     Hamilton.     Pavilion,  N.  Y. 

8334  canadensis,  Billings.     Corniferous.      Le  Roy,  N.  Y. 
'"^335  cariosus,  Davis.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 
8336  clausus,  Rominger.      Hamilton.     Cliarlestown,  Ind. 

8535  clausus,  do.  do.  do. 
'^337^''       clelandi,  Davis.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8338  constrictus,  Hall.      Niagara.     Rochester,  N.  Y. 

8339  couvexus,  Davis.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8340  cymosus,  Davis.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 
834i<^r  digitatus,  Rominger.     Corniferous.      L,e  Roy,  N.  Y. 
8342  dumosus,  Winchell.      Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 
S343  emnionsi,  Rominger.     Hamilton.     Iowa  City. 

8536  emnionsi,  Rominger.     Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8344  emnionsi,  Rominger.     Corniferous.     Clark  Co.,  Ind. 

8345  epidermatus,  Rominger.     Corniferous.     Charlestown,  Ind. 
^537  epidermatus,  Rominger.    Corniferous.     L,inie  Rock,  N.  Y. 

8346  epidermatus  (var.  corticosa).  Hall.    Corniferous.     Le  Roy, 

N.  Y. 

8347  eximius,  Davis.      Hamilton.     Crab  Orchard,  Ky. 

8348  explanatus,  Hall.      Hamilton.     Western  New  York. 


74  Dirccto)'' s  Annual  Report. 

8349  Favosites  explanatus,  Hall.     Hamilton.     E.  Bethany,  N.  Y. 

8350  favosus,  Goldfuss.      Niagara.     Indiana. 

8351  forbesi  (var.  occidentalis),  Hall.     Niagara.     Warren  Co., 

Ohio. 

8352  fustifo'rmis,  Davis.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8253  globosus,   G.  K.  Greene.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8254  hamiltoniae.  Hall.      Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8355  hemisphericus,  Y.  &  S.      Corniferous.      Louisville,  Ky. 

8356  hemisphericus  (var.  distorta),  Y.  &  S.     Corniferous.     Ind. 

8357  hemisphericus    (var.  recta,   Hall),  Y.  &  S.     Corniferous. 

Indiana  ( ?) . 

8358  hemisphericus   (var.  turbinatus,  Billings),  Y.  &  S.     Cor- 

niferous.    Charlestown,  Ind. 

8359  hispidus,  Rominger.      Niagara.     Hawthorne,  111. 

8360  limitaris,  Rominger.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8361  maximus,  Troost.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8362  mundus  (var.  placentoides),  Davis.      Devonian.     Falls  of 

the  Ohio. 

8363  niagarensis.  Hall.     Niagara.     Indiana(?). 

8364  nitellus,  Winchell.      Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8365  occidens,  Winchell.     Niagara.     Hawthorne,  111. 

8366  pirum,  Davis.     Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8367  placenta,  Rominger.     Corniferus.     York,  Divingston  Co., 

N.  Y. 

8368  radiatus,  Rominger.      Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8369  radiciformis.  Rominger.     Corniferous.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8370  spiculatus,  Davis.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8371  spinigerus,  Hall.     Niagara.     Waldron,  Ind. 

8372  tuberosus,  Rominger.      Corniferous.      Indiana(?). 

8373  troosti,  Fv.  &  H.      Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8374  venustus.  Hall.     Niagara.     Wayne  Co.,  Tenn. 
^375  venustus,     do.  do.  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

8376  winchelli,  Rominger.     Devonian.     Michigan. 

8377  winchelli,  Rominger.     Corniferous.      Indiana. 

8378  Fistulipora  acervulosa,  Rominger.     Hamilton.    Watson,  Ind. 

8379  minuta,  do.  do.  do. 

8380  unilinea.  Hall.      Hamilton.      York,  N.  Y. 

8381  sp.     Cisco.      Graham,  Texas. 

8382  Hadrophyllum     d'orbignyi,     E.     &     H.      Upper    Devonian. 

Charlestown,  Ind. 


/\iIc('ozoif  Cora/s.  75 

5353  Hal\sites  catenulalus,  Liiiiutus.      Niagara.      Indiaua(?). 

5354  Heliolites  interstinctus,  Linnaeus.    Niagara.    Louisville,  Ky. 

5355  interstinctus,  Linnaeus.      Niagara.      Louisville,  Ky. 
83S6  niacrostylus,  Hall.     Niagara.     Illinois. 

S3S7  niegastoma,  McCoy.     Niagara.     Louisville,  Ky. 

838S  pyriformis,  Guettard.      Niagara.     Louisville,  Ky. 

8389  subtubulatus,  McCoy.     Niagara.      Louisville,  Ky. 

8390  Heliopliyllum    acuminatum.     Hall.     Corniferous.     Charles- 

town,  Ind. 

8391  annulatum,  Hall.     Corniferous.     Charlestown,  Ind. 
8538  annulatum,     do.                do.                            do. 

8392  arachne,  Hall.     Hamilton.     Western  New  York. 

8393  beecheri,  G.  K.  Greene.     Hamilton.      Near  Charlestown, 

Ind. 

8394  bordeni,  G.  K.  Greene.     Corniferous.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8395  canadense,  Billings.     Corniferous. 

8396  confluens,  Hall.     Hamilton.     Western  New  York. 
'^397  corniculum,  Lesueur.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8398  degener.  Hall.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8399  denticulatum,  Hall.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8400  eriense,  Billings.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8401  exiguum,   Billings.     Corniferous.      Louisville,  Ky. 

8402  fecundum.   Hall.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8403  gemmatum,   do.  do.                            do. 

8404  geniculatum,  Rominger.    Hamilton.    Charlestown. 

8405  gurleyi,  G.  K.  Greene.  do.     Near  Charlestown,  Ind. 

8406  halli,  E.  &  H.  do.           Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y. 

8407  halli,        do.  do.                 Clark  Co.,  N.  Y. 

8408  halli,        do.  do.                    Moscow,  N.  Y. 

8409  halli,        do.         (var.  reflexum.   Hall).     Hamilton.     East 

Bethany,  N.  Y. 

8410  invaginatum.  Hall.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

841 1  irregulare.  Hall.     Hamilton.     Western  New  York. 

8412  jacksoni,   G.  K.  Greene.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8413  juvensis,  Rominger.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8414  laticrescens,  Hall.     Corniferous.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8415  multigemmatum,  Davis.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8416  nanum,  Cr.  K.  Greene.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8417  nettlerothi.  Hall.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 


76  Director's  Annual  Report . 

8418  Heliophylluiii  obconicum,  Hall.     Hamilton.     W.  New  York. 

8419  obesum,   G.   K.   Greene.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,   Ind. 

8420  osculatuni,  G.  K.  Greene.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,  IncL 

8421  pocillatum,  Hall.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8422  proliferum,  Hall.      Hamilton.     Western  New  York. 

8423  scyphulus,     do.  do.            Charlestown,  Ind. 

8424  scyphus,  Rominger.       do.  do. 

8425  tenuimurale.  Hall.     Coniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8426  tumidulum,  G.  K.  Greene.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8427  turgidum,  do.                      do.                          do. 

8428  Houghtonia  huronica,   Rominger.      Hvidson  River.      Marion 

Co.,  Ky. 

8429  Lithostrotion    canadense,     Castlenau.      Carboniferous.      St. 

IvOuis. 

8430  proliferum,  Hall.     Subcarboniferous.      Colesburg,  Ky. 

8431  Lophophyllum      proliferum,       McChesney.       Carboniferous. 

Graham,   Texas. 

8432  Michelinia  clappi,  E.  &  H.     Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8433  convexa,  d'Orbigny.     Corniferous.      Indiana(?). 

8434  dividua.  Hall.     Hamilton.     East  Bethany,  N.  Y. 

8435  dividua,  Hall.      Upper  Devonian.     Crab  Orchard,  Ky. 

8436  iavositojdea,  Billings.     Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 
^539  favositoidea,  Billings.     Corniferous.     Ontario,  Canada. 

8437  insignis,  Rominger.      Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8438  insignis,          do.  do.            vSellersburg,  Ind. 

8439  insignis,          do.  do.            Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8440  maxima,  Troost.     Corniferous. 

8441  maxima,  Troost.     Corniferous.      Louisville,  Ky. 

8442  stylopora,  Eaton.      Hamilton.      Pavilion,  N.  Y. 

8443  Monticulipora  dalii,  E.  &  H.    Hudson  River.    Richmond,  Ind. 

8444  delicatula,   Nicholson.  do.              Warren  Co.,  O. 
S445  frondosa,  d'Orbigny.     Trenton.      Decorah,  Iowa. 

8446  lycoperdon,  vSay.     Trenton. 

8447  mammulata,  d'Orbigny.      Hudson  River.      Cincinnati,  O. 

8448  mammulata,  d'Orbigny.  do                 Madison,  Ind. 

8449  nieeki,  James.      Hudson  River.      Warren  Co.,  O. 

8450  ramosa,  d'Orbigny.      do.  Jefferson  Co.,  Ind. 

8451  rugosa,  Hall.     Trenton.     Tyrone,  Ky. 

8452  ulrichi,  Nicholson.      Hudson  River.     Covington,  Ky. 

8453  varians,  James.      Hudson  River.      Lebanon,  O. 


J\ila-ozoic  Corals.  -- 

>^454  Oni])hynia  stokesi,  Iv  6c  H.      Niagara.      Louisville,  Ky. 
S455  stokesi,  K.  tS:  H.      Niagara.      Bridgeport,  111. 

-8456         \erriicosa,  Rafinesque.      Niagara.      Louisville,  Ky. 
8457         verrucosa,  Rafinesque.      Niagara.      Louisville,  Ky. 

S458  Pachyphyllum  woodniani,  White.     Chemung.     Iowa. 

8459  Pachypora  fi.scheri,  Billings.    Corniferous.     Fallsof  the  Ohio. 

8460  Phillipsastraea    gigas,    Owen.      Upper  Devonian.     Crab  Or- 

chard, K>-. 

8461  verneuili,  E.  &  H.     Corniferous.     Ontario,  Canada. 

8462  Plasmopora  elegans,  Hall.     Niagara.     Louisville,  Ky. 

8463  follis,  E.  ^:  H.      Niagara,      Louisville,  Ky. 

8464  follis,        do.  do  Hillsboro,  O. 

8465  Ptychophyllum  expansum,  E.  &  H.     Corniferous.      Fallsof 

the  Ohio. 

8466  ipomoea,  Davis.      Niagara.      Louisville,  Ky. 

8467  knappi,  Hall.      Hamilton.     Crab  Orchard,  Ky. 

8468  versiforme,  Hall.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8469  Romingeria  cornuta,  Billings.    Hamilton.    Charlestown,  Ind. 

8470  dispensa,  Davis.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 
<S47i          fasciculata,  Davis.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8472  vStreptelasma  corniculum,  Hall.    Hud.son  R.    Richmond,  Ind. 

8473  rectum,  Hall.      Hamilton.     We.stern  New  York. 

8474  Striatopora  alba,  Davis.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8475  cavernosa,  Rominger.     Corniferous.      Le  Roy,  N.  Y. 

8476  limbata,  Eaton.      Hamilton.     York,  N.  Y. 

8477  vStrombodes  pentagonus,  Goldfuss.    Niagara.    Louisville,  Ky. 

8478  separatus,  Ulrich.     Niagara.     Louisville,  Ky. 

8479  striatus,  d'Orbigny.      Niagara.     Louisville,  Ky. 

8480  unicus,  Davis.     Niagara.     Louisville,  Ky. 

8481  Syringopora  annulata,  Rominger.      Niagara.      Michigan(?), 

8482  hisingeri,  Billings.     Corniferous.      Le  Roy,  N.  Y. 

8483  maclurii,  Billings.     Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8484  multattenuata,  McChesney.    St.  Louis.    Harrison  Co.,  Ind. 

8485  nobilis,  Billings.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8486  perelegans,  Billings.     Corniferous.     Le  Roy,  N.  Y. 

8487  tabulata,  Billings.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 
8337/'       tubiporoides,  Y.  &  S.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8488  Thecia  major,  Rominger.     Niagara.     Louisville,  Ky. 

8489  minor,  Rominger.     Niagara.     Louisville,  Ky. 


78  Director' s  Annual  Report. 

8490  Thecia  raiuosa,  Rominger.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8491  swiiiderniana,  Goldfuss.      Niagara.     Louisville,  Ky. 

8492  Thecostegites    hemisphericus,    Roemer.     Niagara.     Wayne 

Co.,  Tenn. 

8493  Trachypora  elegantula,  Billings.    Hamilton.    Clark  Co.,  Ind. 

8494  Zaphrentis  acuticornis,  G.  K.  Greene.     Hamilton.     Charles- 

town,  Ind. 

8495  ampliatus,  G.  K.  Greene.      Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8496  calcariformis.  Hall.     St.  Louis.      Lanesville,  Ind. 

8497  campanulatus,  G.  K.  Greene. 

8498  centralis,  E.  &  H.      Kaskaskia.      Hardin  Co.,  Ky. 

8499  chcsterensis,  Worthen.     do.  do. 

8500  comis,  G.  K.  Greene.      Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8501  concava.  Hall.     Corniferous.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8502  cornalba,  Davis.      Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 
8341^  cornicula,  E.  &  H.      Corniferous.     Le  Roy,  N.  Y. 

8503  dalei,  do.           Keokuk.     Edwardsville,  Ind. 

8504  davisana,   S.  A.  Miller.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8505  deformis.      Hall.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8506  duplicata,      do.        Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8507  elegans,          do.  do.                            do. 

8508  frequentata,  do.  do.                            do. 

8509  gallicalar,  Davis,      Hamilton.      Charlestown,  Ind. 

8510  gigantea,  Lesueur.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

851 1  humilis,    G.    K.   Greene.     Hamilton.     Charlestown,   Ind. 

8512  insolens,  do.                      do.                             do. 

8513  ischypus,  do.                     do.                             do. 

8514  lanceolata,  Worthen.      St.  Louis.      Lanesville,  Ind. 

8515  limatus,  G.  K.  Greene.      Hamilton.     Charlestown,  Ind. 

8516  nitida.  Hall.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8517  obliquatus,  G.  K.  Greene.    Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8518  ovalis.  Hall.     Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8519  profunda.  Hall.     Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8520  prolifica,  Billings.     Corniferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8521  racienensis,  Whitfield.      Niagara.      Bridgeport,  111. 

8522  roemeri,    E.    &   H.     Lower  Helderburg.      "The  Tyke", 

Catskill. 

8523  simplex.  Hall.      Hamilton.     Western  New  York. 

8524  spinulosa,  E.  &  H.     Kaskaskia.     Hardin  Co.,  Ky. 

8525  spissa.  Hall.     Corniferous.     Falls  of  the  Ohio. 


Bofa)iicaI  and  (ico/ooica/  Speciiiiciis.  79 

8526  terebrata.  Hall.     Corniferoiis.      Falls  of  the  Ohio, 

8527  torta,  Hall.      Coniiferous.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 

8528  undata,  Hall.     Coniiferous.      Le  Roy,  N.  Y. 

8529  ungula,  Roniinger.     Coniiferous.     lyouisville,  Ky. 

8530  varians,  G.  K.  Greene.      Hamilton.     Cliarlestown, 

8531  yandelli,  Hall.     Corniferoiis.      Falls  of  the  Ohio. 


BOTAXICAI.  AXl)  (iHOLOGICAL  SPHCIMENS. 

6788  Opals,  from  New  South  Wales. 

6794  Awa  root,  from  Samoa.     Given  by  Dr.  Kramer. 

8545  Nine  specimens   of   lava,   from   Kilauea.      Given  by  Mr.   F« 
Waldron. 

8554  Lava  mould  of  tree  stem.     Given  by  Mr.  F.  Waldron. 

8555  \'olcanic  bomb.     Given  by  Mr.  F.  Waldron. 

8556  Rope  lava  crust,  from  Kilauea.     Given  by  Mr.  F.  Waldron. 

8557  Lava  pushes,  from  Kilauea. 

8558  Edge  of  lava  stream. 

8559  Lava  push,  from  Kilauea. 

8560  Inner  crust  of  lava  from  near  sulphur  cracks,  Kilauea. 

8561  Inner  roof  of  cave,  Kilauea. 

8562  Lava,  from  Kilauea. 

8563  F'resh  aa. 

8565    Lava,  from  Kilauea. 

8570    Block  of  Naio  {Myoponoii  sand'a'icense) .     Given  by  Mrs.  F. 
Waldron. 

Many  specimens  of  plants  gathered  near  Kilauea  have  not  yet 
been  mounted  in  the  Herbarium. 


OCCASIONAL  PAPERS 


OF   THE 


BERNICE    PAUAHI    BISHOP   MUSEUM   OF 

POLYNESIAN   ETHNOLOGY  AND 

NATURAL  HISTORY. 


Vol.  I.  —  No.  3. 


Director's  Report  for  1900. 


^honolui^u,  h.  i. 
Bishop   Museum   Press. 
1 901. 


BOARD   OF   TRUSTEES. 

Sanpord  B.  Dole,  LIv.D President. 

William  O.  Smith Vice-President. 

Alfred  W.  Carter        .         .         .         .         .         .       Secretary. 

Henry  Holmes Treasurer. 

Joseph  O.  Carter.     Samuel  M.  Damon.     William  F.  Allen. 

c  . — 

museum"  STAFF. 

William  T.  Brigham Diredlor. 

William  H.  Dall  .  .  Honorary  Curator  of  Mollusca. 

William  A.  Bryan Curator  of  Birds. 

John  F.  G.  Stokes        .         .         Assistant  and  A(5ling  Librarian. 

Allen  M.  Walcott Assistant. 

John  W.  Thompsoi^"         ....         Artist  and  Modeller. 

Alvin  Seale Colledtor. 

John  J.  Greene Printer. 


OCCASIONAL   PAPERS 


OF    THE 


BERNICE    PAUAHI    BISHOP    MUSEUM    OF 

POLYNESIAN    ETHNOLOGY  AND 

NATURAL  HISTORY. 


Vol.  I.  —  No.  .S. ' 


Director's  Report  for  1900. 


honolulu,  h.  i.  . 
Bishop    Museum    Press. 
igoi. 


7<>  the  Tritsfccs  of  the  Bcrnicc  Paiialii  Bishop  Miisriiiii. 

Sirs: — /;/  luroniiDicc  icitJi   the  vote  of  the  'JViistees  at  the  stated 

))ieeting'  of  faiiuary  /j,    f<-joo,    I  submit  my  Report  on  tlte  eonditiou 

of  tJie  MnseiiDi  and  tlie  7i'orl'  in   its  various  departuieuts  during  tlie 

year  igoo. 

WILL/AM    T.    BRICrHAM 

Direeior  of  the  Museum. 
Honolulu:   Mareh  S,  igoi . 


JAN    16  1902 


REPORT. 


THE  hope  expressed  in  the  previous  Report  that  this  Museum 
might  soon  make  independent  collec5lions  on  the  islands  of  the 
Pacific  has  been  agreeably  fulfilled  during  the  past  year  by  the 
expedition  of  Mr.  Alvin  Scale  to  Guam  of  the  Marianas.  By  the 
courtesy  of  the  United  States  War  Department  passage  was  allowed 
on  a  transport  and  for  several  months  Mr.  Scale  industriously  col- 
lected in  various  departments.  The  result  will  be  seen  farther  on 
in  this  Report.  With  this  exception  the  additions  to  the  collec1;ions 
in  the  Museum  have  not  been  large,  as  until  the  Hawaiian  Hall  is 
ready  for  occupancy  there  is  no  room  available  for  storage. 

The  room  formerly  devoted  to  the  principal  Hawaiian  collec- 
tion has  been  entirely  remodeled.  The  cases  removed  and  the  floor 
replaced  by  concrete  and  mosaic  tiling  have  left  the  hall  ready  for 
new  cases,  which  are  sadly  needed,  and  have  provided  an  effecflual 
safeguard  against  the  inroads  of  the  termites.  The  fine  Hawaiian 
Hall  which  has  been  long  in  construcflion  is  now  completed  and 
seems  admirably  adapted  to  its  purpose,  but  as  no  cases  have  yet 
been  provided  it  stands  empty  and  unused.  In  the  meantime  the 
Hawaiian  colledlions  have  for  the  most  part  been  stored,  some  are 
on  exhibition  in  the  Hawaiian  Vestibule  in  temporary  cases,  but 
all  are  suffering  for  want  of  proper  cases.  In  a  tropical  climate  a 
tight  and  insect-proof  case  is  one  of  the  most  important  desiderata 
of  a  Museum,  and  it  is  useless  to  accumulate  specimens  without 
first  providing  proper  cases  for  their  preservation  if  not  for  their 
exhibition. 

While  no  especial  attempt,  except  in  the  Guam  expedition,  has 
been  made  to  increase  the  colleclions,  much  work  has  been  done 
in  revising  the  catalogues,  especiallv  the  card  catalogue  which  is 

(3) 


4  Dircclor' s  Annual  Report. 

locally  arranged  and  of  which  each  card  contains  as  much  informa- 
tion about  the  specimen  that  it  represents  as  is  available.  In  ad- 
dition many  of  the  cards  bear  a  photograph  or  in  some  cases  a 
drawing  of  the  specimen,  so  that  in  consulting  this  catalogue  one 
can  see  at  a  glance  the  nature  of  the  specimen.  As  almost  every- 
thing of  importance  has  been  photographed  this  plan  has  been 
easily  carried  out,  and  in  any  case  it  is  ver}-  easy  to  make  a  group 
photograph  of  which  the  print  can  be  cut  to  furnish  the  small  pic- 
tures needed  for  the  cards.  By  using  the  platinotype  or  bromide 
processes  the  print  is  as  durable  as  the  card.  In  some  cases,  as  for 
example  with  poi  pounders  of  which  there  are  dozens  much  alike, 
the  photograph  .shows  a  differentiation  that  no  concise  description 
could.  Wherever  the. Museum  publications  furnish  illustrations  of 
objecfts  in  the  collec5lions  these  can  be  imprinted  on  the  card  as  well. 
The  card  catalogue  is  thus  in  a  way  to  become  a  fully  illu.strated 
record  of  the  contents  of  the  Museum.  A  new  s^'stem  of  recording 
accessions  has  also  been  adopted,  which  it  is  thought  will  simplify 
the  work.  Hitherto  the  shells  and  plants  have  had  a  separate 
series  of  numbers  in  order  to  keep  the  label  numbers  as  small  as 
possible,  the  species  of  shells  alone  approaching  10,000,  and  now 
the  birds  and  fishes  have  also  been  separated  and  the  one  in  charge 
of  each  of  these  departments  has  an  independent  accession  book  for 
which  he  is  responsible.  Mr.  Stokes  has  done  much  work  on  the 
manuscript  of  the  catalogue  of  the  collecftion  of  shells,  which  it  is 
hoped  may  soon  be  ready  for  printing. 

Mr.  Walcott  and  myself  made  a  hurried  visit  to  Kauai,  at  the 
request  of  the  Trustees  to  examine  some  private  colleclions  of 
Hawaiian  antiquities,  which  had  been  offered  to  the  Museum,  but 
while  the  specimens  were  often  desirable,  there  were  very  many 
duplicates  and  the  prices  a.sked  were  too  high  for  duplicates.  We 
found  in  the  valley  of  Hanalei  where  sugar  was  largely  cultivated, 
rice  had  taken  its  place,  but  elsewhere  the  canefields  .seemed  to  have 
taken  all  available  land  on  that  part  of  Kauai,  even  the  grand  grove 
of  kukui  trees  near  Kilauea,  a  grove  of  such  antiquity  that  tradition 


Direflor' s  .\)iiiual  Report.  5 

does  not  recognize  the  \ontli  ol  the  jncftnresque  old  trees,  is  in  dan- 
ger of  destruction  that  a  few  acres  may  be  added  to  the  canefields. 

Having  occasion  during  my  vacation  to  visit  the  cities  of  the 
Atlantic  seaboard  I  thought  it  desirable  that  Mr.  Stokes  should  at 
the  same  time  visit  the  American  museums,  and  the  Trustees  ac- 
ceded to  my  wishes  and  granted  him  a  leave  of  absence  and  an 
appropriation  for  his  expenses.  His  impressions  of  these  museums 
I  have  requested  him  to  add  to  this  Report.  I  felt  that  his  eye 
might  notice  improvements  and  desirable  methods  that  might 
escape  my  examination,  and  we  are  so  remote  from  all  such  insti- 
tutions that  it  is  very  needful  to  .study  their  work,  methods  and 
exhibits  as  thoroughly  and  as  often  as  possible. 

Soon  after  the  publication  of  the  first  Memoir  the  Trustees 
decided  that  the  edition  of  three  hundred  copies  was  not  sufficient 
to  meet  the  demand  and  ordered  the  issue  of  an  additional  number. 
This  reprint  has  been  commenced  but  has  been  delayed  by  the 
nonarrival  of  the  colored  plates  made  in  Vienna.  The  printing 
office  has  been  otherwi.se  fully  occupied  in  the  preparation  of  the 
second  Memoir  which  was  issued  at  the  close  of  the  year.  This 
was  an  Index  of  the  Islands  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  prepared  by  the 
Dire(5lor,  and  the  printing  required  great  care  and  taste  happily  met 
by  Mr.  Greene.  This  and  the  Annual  Report  for  1899,  which  w^as 
issued  about  the  same  time,  fully  taxed  the  resources  of  the  office. 
The  next  publication  in  quarto  form  will  be  Mr.  Bryan's  Key  to 
the  Hawaiian  Birds,  and  this  is  well  advanced.  Much  work  has 
alvSo  been  done  in  photographing  the  illu.strations  for  the  fourth 
Memoir  which  will  be  ready  for  printing  during  the  current  year. 
This  will  be  a  description  of  ancient  Hawaiian  Stone  Implements. 

By  the  kindness  of  Eric  Knudsen  Esq.  the  frame  of  an  ancient 
grass  house  was  obtained  from  a  remote  valley  on  the  northwest 
coast  of  Kauai  and  Mr.  W.  E.  H.  Deverill  attended  to  the  difficult 
transportation  of  the  heavy  .stonecut  logs  composing  this  frame. 
In  due  time  this  will  be  reerecled  in  the  new  hall  and  properly 
thatched,  thus  preserving  a  genuine  old  Hawaiian  house — Hale  pili. 


6  DircHor's  Annual  Report. 

A  number  of  books  and  .specimens  purchased  in  Europe  dur- 
ing the  year  have  not  yet  arrived  owing  to  their  detention  in  San 
Francisco  by  the  Customs  officials  of  that  port.  One  case  of  books 
from  Ivondon  which  was  sent  via  Panama  and  San  Francisco  was 
opened  at  the  latter  port  in  accordance  with  the  United  States  reg- 
ulations and  without  resoldering  sent  on  a  voyage  of  two  thousand 
miles.  These  annoyances  it  is  hoped  will  now  cease,  for  it  is  un- 
derstood that  orders  making  more  suitable  regulations  have  been 
issued. 

TABLE    OF   ATTENDANCE. 


'i- 

3 

a 

be 

0 

aj 

0) 

a 

s 

0 

0) 

C3 
OS 

eg 

1 
0 

c 

0 

03 
Q 

1 
Q 

TS 

0 

II 

Dally 
Average. 

0 

Totals. 

■Tannar.v   

February 

March    

"2.35 
363 
4S,S 
434 
272 
23S 
334 
33.-) 
342 
396 

38 
.337 
204 
11.5 
58 
70 
114 
127 
104 
152 

"  4 

14 
40 
59 
19 
38 
30 
8 
8 
31 

'  84 
l.M 
226 
132 
1.33 
148 
81 
95 
63 
102 

"44 

.'')8 
95 
79 
107 
76 
90 
37 
33 
86 

2 
3 
5 

2 

1 

7 
9 
S 
10 
8 
9 
9 
8 
9 
9 

"i 
5 

10 

4 
4 

6 
4 

3 

'"s 

66 
72 
44 
15 
90 
74 
37 
15 

'08  ' 
115 
124 

75.4 

68 

61.3 

62.2 

66 

57 

84 

8 
13 

7.2 
11 

3.7 
15 
18.2 

7.4 

5 

9.8 

407 

928 

1056 

824 

July    

589 

Aus'iiKt 

.Sei)teml)er   

October     

November    

December 

567 
660 
602 
5!50 
767 

Totals   

3437 

1319 

251 

1213 

705 

15 

86 

42 

421 

77.1 

6940 

Owdng  to  the  prevalence  of  the  Bubonic  Plague  among  the 
Orientals  of  this  city  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  this  Museum  was 
closed  for  two  months  and  the  Assistants  were  fully  occupied  as 
sanitary  inspecflors.  During  the  rest  of  the  year  the  single  road 
between  towni  and  the  Museum  has  been  in  a  most  disgraceful  con- 
dition, at  times  even  dangerous,  and  has  doubtless  had  an  effect 
upon  the  attendance  at  the  Museum.  The  attendance  of  whites 
has  slightly  diminished,  that  of  Japanese  increased  from  the  previ- 
ous year.  Schools  have  made  use  of  both  the  colleclions  and  the 
publications  in  their  courses,  and  it  has  been  found  necessary  to 
regulate  this  attendance  to  prevent  anno^-ance  to  other  visitors. 


Dircdor' s  .\)niiial  l\rpo)t. 


Report  of  J.  F.  G.  Stokes'  Visit  to  the 
American   Museums. 

Thp:  Trustees  of  the  Bernice  Pauahi  Bishop  Museum,  deem- 
ing it  desirable  that  I  should  become  familiar  with  the  arrangement 
of  the  larger  American  museums,  decided  to  send  me  under  the 
guidance  of  the  Director,  Mr.  Brigham,  on  a  short  tour  of  inspec- 
tion for  this  purpose  through  the  United  vStates.  The  time  allowed 
did  not  permit  of  the  most  thorough  examination,  but  the  informa- 
tion gained  and  the  many  hints  and  suggestions  taken  advantage 
of,  will  no  doubt  be  of  value  to  our  Museum  in  Honolulu.  Atten- 
tion was  paid  most  particularly  to  the  collections  of  Polynesian 
material,  and  when  time  did  not  permit  the  examination  of  speci- 
mens from  places  outside  the  Pacific  region,  these  departments 
I  was  unfortunately  compelled  to  pass  unnoticed. 

Much  kind  attention  and  great  cordiality  were  shown  by  the 
gentlemen  in  the  departments  visited,  and  the  willing  help  afforded 
was  of  the  utmost  value.  Ver}-  many  thanks  are  due  these  gentlemen 
for  the  assistance  so  readily  given,  and  an  opportunity  is  souo-ht 
to  show  our  Museum's  appreciation  for  the  kindnesses  rendered. 

The  institutions  visited  were :  The  California  Academy  of 
Sciences  in  San  Francisco;  the  Missouri  Botanical  Garden  in 
St.  Louis;  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  V.  S.  National  Museum, 
Army  Medical  Museum,  U.  S.  Botanical  Gardens,  National  Zoo- 
logical Gardens,  and  the  U.  S.  P'ish  Commission  buildino-  in 
Washington;  in  Philadelphia,  the  Academy  of  Natural  vSciences 
the  Zoological  Park,  the  Free  Museum  of  vScience  and  Art,  the 
Philadelphia  Commercial  Museums  and  Memorial  Hall  at  Fair- 
mount  Park ;  in  New  York,  the  Aquarium  in  Battery-  Park^ 
Columbia  University  Library,  the  New  York  Zoological  Garden 
and  Botanical  Museum  at  Bronx  Park,  the  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History  and  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art ;  in  Boston 
and  Cambridge,  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History,  Peabodv 
Museum  of  Archaeology  and  Ethnology,  Museum  of  Comparative 
Zoology,  the  Museum  of  Fine  Arts  and  the  Boston  Public  Librarv 
While  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Ward's  Natural  History  Establishment 
was  looked  through,  and  in  Chicago  the  Field  Columbian  Museum 
was  visited. 


8  DircRor' s  Annual  Report. 

The  California  Academy  of  vSciences  has  done  valuable  work 
in  increasing  the  knowledge  of  the  natural  history  of  the  Pacific 
region,  more  particularly  in  the  ornithological  and  conchological 
sedlions,  in  the  latter  branch  having  been  assisted  by  the  contribu- 
tions of  Messrs.  Pease  and  Garrett  in  earlier  days.  I  might  men- 
tion here  that  the  Garrett  colle(5lion  of  shells  is  in  the  cases  of  the 
Bishop  Museum.  The  bird  collecl;ion  was  being  well  developed  by 
the  Curator,  and  the  series  of  Pacific  coast  marine  birds  was  very 
fine.  The  ethnological  department  had  been  much  neglected 
through  the  want  of  individual  attention,  but  the  recent  acquisition 
of  an  ethnologist  from  New^  York  will  no  doubt  result  in  the  col- 
leClion  being  placed  in  satisfacflory  order.  Much  time  in  future  is 
to  be  given  to  the  study  of  aboriginal  life  in  California.  The  Poly- 
nesian collecftion  was  poor,  which  is  very  strange  when  the  trade 
from  San  Francisco  to  the  Pacific  islands  is  taken  into  consideration. 

Opportunity  was  taken  to  visit  the  Stanford  University  at  Palo 
Alto,  Cal.,  whence  the  benefit  of  Dr.  Jordan's  work  in  training 
young  scientists  is  already  widely  felt.  The  study  of  fish  is  closely 
followed  in  this  university,  the  laboratory  of  which  was  found  to  be 
as  complete  as  modqrn  improvements  could  make  it.  The  University 
Museum  has  been  carefully  arranged  and  would  rank  mainly  as  a 
family  museum,  having  no  doubt  been  established  to  be  of  most 
interest  to  the  Stanford  students. 

In  St.  lyouis  the  beautiful  and  arti.stically  arranged  gardens  of 
the  Missouri  Botanical  Park  were  seen.  This  park  originally  be- 
longed to  a  philanthropic  botanist  who  bequeathed  it  to  the  state  to 
be  used  as  a  public  garden.  That  the  responsibility  of  caring  for 
the  place  was  appreciated,  w^as  shown  by  the  splendid  order  kept 
and  the  very  complete  naming  of  the  plants.  Adjoining  the  gar- 
dens was  a  large  enclosure  in  which  grew  the  larger  American 
trees  labelled  with  botanical  and  general  names. 

On  arriving  in  Washington  the  Smithsonian  Institution  was 
visited.  It  was  observed  that  one  vast  colle(5lion  was  preserved  in 
the  two  buildings,  the  vSmithsonian  Institution  containing  the  greater 
portion  of  the  natural  history  collection,  represented  by  the  inverte- 
TDrates,  birds  and  fish  ( casts ) ;  the  botanical  portion  was  not  seen.  In 
this  building  was  also  a  room  given  up  to  the  stone  and  copper  im- 
plements of  the  American  aborigines.  The  National  Museum  was 
devoted  to  ethnology  and  anthropology,  and  the  balance  of  the  nat- 
ural history  collecftion  comprising  geological  specimens,  mammals 


/.  /•.  (i .  S/o/ccs'    I  isif  to  .liiicncaii   Mksckiiis.  9 

and  a  great  luiniber  of  fish  casts.  The  mode  of  iiiouiiting  birds  and 
nianinials  in  groups  is  to  be  ver}'  highly  recommended,  as  such  a 
procedure  calls  for  the  keen  observation  which  only  the  true  nat- 
uralist can  exercise.  Of  the  fine  groups  of  mammals  in  the  National 
Museum,  the  most  noteworthy  was  that  of  the  bisons,  where  the 
imitation  of  nature  was  very  good.  There  were  other  pleasing 
groups,  musk-ox,  antelope,  caribou  and  moose.  The  collecftion  of 
shells  was  a  very  valuable  one,  including  as  it  did  many  specimens 
not  duplicated  in  other  institutions.  Ho\vever  they  were  rather 
poorly  exhibited  on  account  of  the  lack  of  space,  and  only  the 
kindness  of  the  Curator,  Dr.  Dall,  permitted  the  writer  to  obtain  an 
adequate  idea  of  the  collection.  The  corals  might  well  be  increased 
in  number,  and  no  doubt  the  recent  expedition  of  the  Albatross 
(1899)  will  contribute  to  this  department.  The  ethnological  col- 
le(5lions  from  the  Pacific  region  were  scant,  although  ver}'  valuable, 
being  composed  largely  of  specimens  gathered  b}'  the  Wilkes 
Expedition  in  1 84 1-3.  There  were  two  large  stone  images  from 
Rapanui,  which  the  museum  was  fortunate  in  possessing,  and  other 
objects  from  this  island  were  fairly  plentiful.  The  Australian  and 
Papuan  colle(5lions  needed  increasing,  and  satisfactory  exchanges 
could  be  effected  with  the  Australian  museums.  Of  American  ab- 
original pottery  and  basket  work  there  was  great  abundance,  as  also 
other  specimens  pertaining  to  American  ethnology.  The  groups 
of  aborigines  performing  home  duties  are  worthy  of  especial  notice. 
Series  showing  the  evolution  of  the  axe,  hammer  and  other  tools 
from  their  most  primitive  forms  to  the  modern  types,  were  admir- 
ably illustrated.  There  was  one  room  which  contained  a  large 
series  of  boats,  showing  every  form  from  the  dugout  canoe  to  the 
modern  steamboat  and  sailing  vessel.  The  canoes  and  small  boats 
were  represented  by  originals,  and  models  took  the  place  of  larger 
vessels.  The  geological  collections  were  large  and  comprehensive, 
and  the  specimens  displayed  in  a  way  which  thoroughly  showed 
the  character  of  each. 

■  It  seemed  strange  after  visiting  the  Capitol  and  Congressional 
Library  in  Washington  and  noting  the  undoubted  architectural 
and  artistic  skill  of  Americans,  that  the  magnificent  collecftion  in 
the  Smithsonian  Institution  and  National  Museum  should  not  be 
housed  in  a  building  more  befitting  the  dignity  of  the  United 
States'  capital.  Against  the  arrangement  of  the  specimens  in  the 
National  Museum  nothing  could  be  said,  although  in  the  Smith- 


lo  Dircclor' s  Annual  Report. 

sonian  Institution  many  specimens  would  be  invisible  without  the 
aid  of  electric  light,  but  the  buildings  should  be  of  far  grander  and 
more  magnificent  style  so  as  to  be  worthy  of  the  capital  of  the  great 
United  States  of  America. 

The  U.  S.  Army  Medical  Museum  contained  many  anatomical 
preparations  of  great  value  to  the  medical  student.  This  museum 
also  contained  two  tatooed  and  dried  Maori  heads  from  New  Zealand, 
and  it  would  seem  more  fitting  if  these  specimens  were  placed  with 
some  museum  for  anthropology,  where  they  would  be  highly  valued. 

It  was  rather  an  unfortunate  time  of  the  year  (September)  to 
visit  the  U.S.  Fish  Commission,  as  the  breeding  season  had  not 
commenced  and  the  collecftions  were  not  fully  represented.  The 
conveniences  for  taking  care  of  the  fish  in  all  stages  of  growth  were 
noted  with  much  interest. 

The  National  Zoological  Gardens  are  situated  near  Chevy 
Chase,  and  the  site  chosen  for  this  park  showed  that  there  had 
been  great  forethought  in  the  seledlion  of  a  place  not  only  suitable 
for  its  purpose,  but  containing  the  great  advantage  of  natural 
scener^^  There  was  a  fine  herd  of  bison  roaming  in  their  exten- 
sive run.  The  aviary  was  large  and  kept  in  good  order,  and  the 
reptile  house  well  stocked.  A  neatly  arranged  aquarium  was  seen 
on  the  grounds,  constru(5led  on  modern  plans,  and  the  mammal 
house  contained  a  very  representative  collecftion.  The  confined 
inmates  of  the  park  were  looking  very  healthy,  with  rare  excep- 
tions, and  the  care  apparent  on  every  side  did  great  credit  to  the 
gentlemen  in  charge. 

Reaching  Philadelphia,  a  visit  was  first  paid  to  the  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences,  where  Dr.  Pilsbry  had  the  kindness  to  ac- 
company me  when  looking  through  the  magnificent  collection  of 
molluscs  in  his  charge.  This  colledtion,  it  is  generally  admitted,  is 
the  finest  in  the  United  States,  although  the  Smithsonian  Institution 
has  many  rare  specimens  not  represented  in  this  Academy .  The  con- 
venient method  of  keeping  the  duplicate  species  in  drawers  below 
the  exhibition  cases  would  assist  the  work  of  the  conchological 
student  very  much.  In  other  branches  of  natural  history  also 
there  were  excellent  opportunities  for  study,  the  working  collec- 
tions being  well  supplied  and  conveniently  stored.  In  ethnology, 
the  colle(5tion  from  the  Pacific  was  not  large,  nor  in  fact  was  any 
pertaining  to  countries  outside  America.  The  Academy  held  a 
colle(?tion  of  very  fine  Hawaiian  Kapa,  which  probably,  on  account 


/.  F.  (i.  Stoku's'    I  7s//  to  Anuricaii   Mitsciiiiis .  n 

of  the  space  required,  will  never  be  exhibited  in  a  sati.s(a(5lory 
way.  It  was  interesting  to  notice  the  similarity  between  some  of 
the  discoidal  stones  from  Georgia  and  Alabama,  and  the  ulumaika 
or  bowling  stones  of  the  Hawaiians.  The  arrangement  of  the 
exhibits  was  good,  as  far  as  the  specimens  themselves  w^ere  con- 
cerned, but  great  trouble  was  experienced  in  viewing  them  clearly 
owing  to  the  darkness  of  the  rooms — darkness  due  partly  no  dovibt 
to  the  dull  weather  then  prevailing,  but  in  a  greater  degree  to  the 
building  itself. 

The  Zoological  Park  has  been  placed  in  a  spot  possessing 
many  natural  advantages.  It  has  been  well  arranged,  and  the 
comfort  of  the  installation  and  the  convenience  of  the  visitors 
have  been  equally  well  attended  to.  The  tank  for  the  sea-lions 
with  its  hollowed  rock  in  the  middle,  was  an  example  of  the 
careful  planning  of  the  place,  and  it  was  interesting  to  learn  that 
the  waterfowl  on  the  small  circular  lake  had  been  domesticated 
enough  to  begin  to  breed.  Many  rare  animals  and  birds  were 
seen  here — among  the  birds  the  Cereopsis  novce-hollandce  being  rep- 
resented by  two  specimens  alive.  Considerable  time  was  spent  in 
the  reptile  house,  where  the  Superintendent  had  been  passing  his 
spare  time  in  casting  and  coloring  different  American  snakes,  and, 
for  preserving  the  form,  the  advantage  of  snake  casts  over  mounted 
skins  is  undoubted.  The  coloring  of  casts  requires  much  patience 
and  care  in  using  the  sombre  shades. 

A  very  brief  visit  was  paid  to  the  Philadelphia  Museum  at  the 
Memorial  Hall,  Fairmount  Park,  containing  many  exhibits  collecfted 
during  the  Centennial  Exposition,  1876,  but,  although  many  beau- 
tiful things  were  seen,  time  was  too  limited  for  a  close  examination. 

I  was  much  pleased  with  the  artistic  arrangement  of  the  Free 
Museum  of  Science  and  Art,  and  very  interested  in  the  theories  of 
the  Curator,  Mr.  Stewart  Culin.  The  museum  was  rich  in  archae- 
olog}',  containing  many  steles  and  altars  from  Central  America,  and 
was  also  the  depository  for  the  collections  made  by  the  Babylonian 
expeditions  under  Dr.  Hilprecht.  In  the  ethnological  sed:ion  Mr. 
Culin's  principles  w^ere  rigidly  adhered  to,  and  it  contained  speci- 
mens which  form,  metaphorically,  links  of  a  chain  connecting  many 
widely  separated  countries. 

The  opportunity  was  taken  to  visit  the  Philadelphia  Commer- 
cial Museum,  an  institution  fovmded  for  the  purpose  of  aiding  the 
American  merchant  when  extending  his  business  to  foreign  coun- 


12  Director  s  .liiinial  Report. 

tries.  It  had  correspondents  in  every  large  cit_v  in  the  world  and 
I  was  personally  able  to  verify  the  information  received  from  a 
town  in  Australia  in  which  I  had  lived  many  years.  In  the 
museum,  articles  of  ordinary  use  were  shown  in  every  stage  of 
manufa(5lure,  and  the  young  business  man  could,  without  leaving 
the  building,  learn  how  everything  manufadlured  which  he  con- 
sumed, was  made.  In  addition  to  this,  the  products  of  different 
countries  were  grouped  together,  so  that  a  man  could  see  enough 
to  judge  the  opportunity  of  trade  with  any  countr}-  previously  un- 
known to  him.  An  inclination  was  at  one  time  apparent  to  include 
in  this  institution's  publications  papers  concerning  the  study  of 
zoolog}',  but  the  management  finally  decided  to  confine  itself  to 
matters  commercial.  A  suggestion  was  tendered  by  Mr.  Brigham, 
that  the  institution  enlarge  its  work  a  little  and  gather  names  of 
dealers  in  museum  material,  which  suggestion  was  received  favor- 
ably. The  establishment  of  the  museum  is  due  entirely  to  the 
great  energy  expended  by  Dr.  W.  P.  Wilson,  to  whom  the  mer- 
chants of  the  United  States  should  feel  very  greatly  indebted. 

In  New  York,  some  time  was  spent  in  the  New  York  Aqua- 
rium at  Battery  Park.  The  aquarium  building  as  is  generally 
known,  was  a  fort  called  Castle  Clinton,  which  has  been  modified 
sufficiently  to  make  a  very  neat  and  suitably  construcfted  aquarium. 
There  were  several  large  tanks  built  in  the  floor  for  large  fish  and 
seals,  while  the  glass-faced  tanks  for  the  smaller  fish  were  arranged 
in  two  tiers  around  the  circular  building.  Originally  Castle  Clinton 
stood  on  an  island  some  distance  from  the  shore,  but  the  land  at 
this  part  of  the  harbor  has  been  reclaimed  and  extended  so  as  to 
bring  the  building  within  the  beach  line.  In  the  reclaimed  land 
wells  have  been  sunk,  and  from  these  the  salt  water  supply  was 
obtained,  the  wells  being  repleted  by  the  filtration  into  them  of  sea 
water.  Apparatus  was  provided  for  heating  and  cooling  the  water 
supply,  so  that  the  temperature  could  be  adjusted  to  meet  the 
needs  of  tropical  fish  as  well  as  those  requiring  cool  water,  at  any 
season.  The  vegetable  growth  in  some  of  the  tanks  looked  healthy 
and  some  pretty  views  of  submarine  life  were  available  by  means 
of  this  addition.  The  aquarium  was  not  as  rich  as  expecfted  in  the 
varie.ty  of  its  colle(5f;ion  ;  it  had  a  good  supply  of  the  American 
fishes,  more  particular!}'  those  used  for  food,  but  a  larger  repre- 
sentation of  tropical  fish  would  add  to  its  attra(5liveness  and  the 
public  interest  generally. 


/.  /•'.  a.  Sfokrs'    ]'isif  fo  .1  iiivriraii   Miisciiiiis.  13 

At  Bronx  Park,  New  York,  the  first  institution  examined  was 
the  New  York  Zoological  Park.     This  park  was  in  process  of  con- 
struction.    One   of  the   permanent    buildings    completed   was   the 
reptile   house,    in   the   construdtion  of  which   much    consideration 
had   been   given   to   the   accommodation   of   the  inmates  and  con- 
venience of  the  working  staff.     The  first  compartment  entered  con- 
tained the  cages  for  reptiles   from   the   temperate   zones  lining  the 
walls.     This  appartment  led  into  one   four  times  the  size  in  which 
the  collection  of  tropical  reptiles  was  found  ;   two  sides  and  an  end 
of  this  room  were  reserved  for  cases,  while  at  the  other  end  was  a 
large   tank   for  the   saurians.     In  the  middle  of  the  hall  were  two 
large  tanks  for  turtles,  the  smaller  containing  salt  water  for  marine 
turtles,    and    the    larger    divided    into    several    compartments    for 
terrapin  and  supplied  by  a  stream  of  fresh  water.     Arrangements 
were  made  for  heating  the  appartment  with  hot  water.      Behind  the 
crocodile   tank   was   a   small    conservatory   in   which    the    tropical 
plants  cultivated  throve  luxuriantly.     Outside  the    reptile   house 
and  convenient  to  it  was  a  large  basin  intended  as  the  summer  res- 
idence of  the  Crocodilia.      It  was  understood  that  the  reptile  house 
of  the  Zoological  Society  of   London  was  taken  as  a  model  for  the 
Bronx  Park   establishment,    and   the   internal  arrangement  of  the 
latter  was   certainly   most   admirable.     The  ranges  for  the  hoofed 
animals,  stretching  along  the  western  and  southwestern  borders  of 
the  park,  had  already  been  partitioned  off  with  a  high   fencing  of 
wire,   and  temporary  shelters  had  been  provided  for  the  animals 
already  in  the  collecftion.    The  American  Ungulata  were  represented 
very  fully.    Among  the  Carnivora,  the  wolves,  foxes  and  bears  were 
provided  with  dens,  the  bears'  den  having  been  blasted  out  of  the 
rock  and  built  up  with  cement,  and  the  others  generally  constructed 
of  wood  :   strong  iron  railings  with   the   upper  ends  turned  inwards 
as  usual,   insured   the   safet}-   of  the   visitors.     The   sea-lions  had 
their  pools,  and  looked  as  comfortable  as  on  the  rocks  outside  San 
PVancisco.     vSeveral  of  the  aviaries   were   completed,   the   finest  of 
which  was  the  flying  cage,  150  feet  long  and  50  feet  high  ;   it  con- 
tained herons,  storks  and  ibises.     The  house  for  the  smaller  mam- 
mals was  read}-  and  filled,  while  permanent  structures  had  not  yet 
been  erecfted  for  members  of  the  cat  family.      Very  great  credit  is 
due  to  Mr.  William  T.  Hornaday,  the  dire(5tor,  for  the  way  in  which 
the  work  has  been  carried  on,   and   under  his   care  the   park  bids 


14  Dircoflr' s  Annual  Report. 

fair  to  surpass  anj-thing  of  a  like  construcftiou  in  the  United  States. 
The  plans  were  on  a  scale  which  should  make  it  the  beau-ideal  of 
a  zoological  park. 

Remaining  within  the  confines  of  Bronx  Park,  a  short  visit 
was  paid  to  the  New  York  Botanical  Museum,  Gardens  and  Con- 
servatory. The  interior  of  the  museum  had  lately  been  completed, 
and  some  of  the  space  for  exhibition  still  waited  to  be  filled.  The 
botanical  specimens  were  arranged  for  the  convenience  of  students 
of  botain'  and  commercial  people,  in  the  latter  connecSlion  most 
vegetable  produ(5ls  used  in  manufacftures  being  shown  in  the  raw 
state  with,  near-by,  the  sketches  and  names  of  the  plants  producing 
them .  A  very  nice  arrangement  was  made  for  the  young  student — 
about  a  dozen  good  microscopes  were  placed  in  a  room,  showing 
portions  of  various  plants,  the  slides  being  changed  from  time  to 
time.  B}-  this  arrangement,  any  one  interested  in  botany,  unable 
to  afford  the  cost  of  a  good  microscope,  could  glean  a  pracftical 
knowledge  difficult  to  obtain  in  other  ways.  The  system  of  pro- 
viding microscopes  for  the  public  in  this  way  might  advantageousl)^ 
be  adopted  by  other  institutions.  In  the  portion  laid  out  as  the 
garden,  a  classification  of  the  beds  was  made  according  to  the 
families  and  genera  of  the  plants,  thus  giving  a  student  the  text- 
book illustrated  by  Nature.  The  conservatories,  just  completed, 
were  being  prepared  for  the  reception  of  the  plants  allotted  to  them . 
This  institution  has  alread}'  commenced  to  publish  botanical  in- 
formation, six  bulletins  having  left  the  printer's  hands. 

The  next  institution  to  be  visited  was  the  American  Museum 
of  Natural  Histor}-,  in  Central  Park.  This  museum  will,  when 
completed,  be  the  largest  in  the  United  States,  and  though  but 
one-third  of  its  plan  has  been  carried  out,  it  now  approaches  in 
size  the  National  Museum  in  Washington,  the  collections  however 
not  being  as  valuable  as  in  the  latter  institution,  excepting  those 
of  vertebrate,  paleontology,  mammals  and  birds.  These  last  three 
collecftions  in  the  Museum  of  Natural  History  deserve  particular 
notice,  not  only  on  account  of  their  value  scientifically,  but  also  of 
the  skilled  and  artistic  methods  adopted  in  their  mountings.  The 
expeditions  which  the  Department  of  Paleontology  has  been  en- 
abled to  send  out  for  dinosaurs  and  fossil  mammals,  have  been 
doing  excellent  work,  and  the  number  of  new  species  thus  obtained 
was  verv  considerable.     The   needs   of  the  working  student  have 


J .  F.  (i .  Stokes^    I  isif  to  .liiirricaii   Museum .  15 

not  been  overlooked,  and  several  skeletons  have  been  mounted  so 
that  individual  bones  could  be  removed  for  stud}'  without  disturb- 
ing the  others.  \'ery  fine  bird  groups  were  exhibited,  among 
others,  the  Duck  Hawk  Ciroup  being  very  remarkable.  In  mount- 
ing groups,  more  attention  has  been  paid  to  those  of  North  America; 
each  group  was  composed  of  the  male  and  female,  with  the  nest 
and  eggs,  their  home  surroundings  being  imitated  in  a  way  which 
showed  how  near  Art  was  to  Nature.  The  same  could  be  said  of 
the  mounting  of  the  mammals  ;  two  large  groups  in  particular,  of 
moose  and  bison,  were  reputed  to  be  the  best  in  the  world.  The 
Archaeological  Department  has  been  well  arranged,  and  was  very 
rich  in  collecftions  from  Central  America  and  Mexico.  Much  at- 
tention has  been  paid  to  these  localities,  and  where  an  important 
specimen  has  been  unobtainable  for  the  museum,  it  was  repre- 
sented by  a  well  executed  cast.  In  ethnology,  some  very  fine  col- 
lections from  the  Pacific  region  were  viewed.  A  collecftion  had 
lately  been  purchased,  and  an  experiment  w'as  being  made  of 
carding  the  specimens  on  dark  buff  boards — the  specimens  thus 
mounted  looked  very  well  but  required  such  a  large  space  that  it 
has  yet  to  be  ascertained  if  the  extra  expense  and  additional  room 
needed  will  justify  this  method.  A  very  neat  and  effe(5live  way  of 
mounting  the  butterflies  has  been  adopted  :  plaster  tablets  faced 
with  glass  enclosed  the  insects,  and  in  order  to  show  the  back  and 
underpart,  two  tablets  were  used  for  each  species.  This  method, 
too,  requires  very  much  room,  although  making  a  pleasing  exhibit 
for  the  public.  The  museum  has  spent  much  time  in  order  to 
please  the  people  of  New  York,  and  many  special  collecftions  were 
exhibited  to  show  forms  of  life  found  within  a  radius  of  fifty  miles 
from  New  York  City. 

In  Boston,  the  Society  of  Natural  History  was  visited,  and  the 
museum  had  an  appearance  of  long  standing.  The  material  seen 
in  it  must  be  of  great  value,  although  overcrowded.  This  society 
has  i.ssued  many  very  valuable  publications. 

The  Peabody  Museum  of  American  Archaeology  and  Eth- 
nology held  in  its  halls  among  other  fine  collections,  very  good 
ones  of  ethnological  material  from  the  Pacific  region,  including 
rare  specimens  from  the  Hawaiian,  Fijian  and  Marquesan  Islands. 
Its  collection  of  archaeological  specimens  was  very  rich.  The  cases 
for  exhibition  were  well  planned,  and  each  specimen  could  be  seen 
with  ease  if  the  background   of  the   cases   were  of  a  lighter  color. 


i6  DircHor  s  Annual  Report. 

The  Museum  of  Co^lpa^ati^•e  Zoology  was  undoubtedly  the 
most  admirable  institution  for  the  study  of  zoology  seen  on  the  trip. 
The  classification  and  arrangement  approached  perfecftion,  and  the 
amount  of  information  placed  in  the  cases  was  very  great.  Series 
were  made  illustrating  the  morphology  of  many  different  species, 
and  in  other  cases  types  of  genera  and  species  had  been  selecfted 
and  carded  dissecfted.  An  excellent  series  of  radiates  were  shown 
by  the  glass  models  made  by  the  Blatscha  Bros.,  and  the  alcoholic 
specimens  were  on  view  in  another  department.  The  museum 
possessed  a  giant  spider  crab  from  Japan  {Kccnipfcria  kcrn^pfcri) , 
nearly  as  large  as  that  in  the  Bishop  Museum. 

At  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Ward's  Natural  History  Establishment 
was  visited  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  an  insight  to  the  most 
modern  methods  of  mounting  specimens.  The  workshops  were 
examined,  and  the  work  appeared  to  be  carried  on  in  a  very  sys- 
tematic and  thorough  manner.  Several  useful  suggestions  were 
kindly  given  by  the  Messrs.  Ward. 

In  Chicago  a  little  time  was  spent  in  the  Field  CoUimbian 
Museum,  and  while  the  collecliions  were  large,  comprehensive  and 
valuable,  the  arrangement  of  some  left  much  to  be  desired.  It 
would  seem  that  little  attention  had  been  paid  to  the  correct  identi- 
fication of  the  ethnological  specimens,  for  many  common  things 
were  found  incorrecT;ly  labelled,  and  those  which  were  labelled 
aright  were  not  classified  in  anything  like  a  satisfactory  manner. 
The  birds  were  nicely  classified,  and  several  very  good  groups  were 
seen — some  of  the  collection  however  was  in  such  darkness,  that 
the  specimens  were  hardly  visible.  One  section  contained  speci- 
mens illustrating  all  the  modes  of  locomotion  on  land,  including 
models  or  originals  of  the  different  types  of  railway  engines — this 
department  was  very  interesting.  The  museum  was  in  one  of  the 
buildings  remaining  from  the  Columbian  Exposition  in  1893,  and 
contained  many  of  the  exhibits  from  that  fair — these  latter  con- 
stituted the  greater  part  of  the  collection. 

The  journey  has  been  very  interesting  and  instructive,  and 
many  things  were  learned  which  will  no  doubt  be  of  value  in  the 
future  arrangement  of  the  Museum. 


Report  of  a  Mission  to  Guam. 

BY    ALVIN    SEALE. 

Part  L— AVIFAUNA. 


The  Marianas  or  Ladrone  Islands  consist  of  twenty-one  small 
volcanic  islands  which  extend  on  a  north  and  south  line  for  a  space 
of  about  400  miles.  They  were  discovered  by  Magalhaes,  March  6, 
1521.  For  the  most  part  they  present  a  bold  rocky  coast  line  with 
high  hills  or  low  mountains  rising  in  the  interior.  They  are 
densely  wooded,  except  on  top  of  the  mountains,  where  it  is 
usually  barren,  or  covered  with  tall  grass. 

My  actual  field  work  was  confined  to  the  island  of  Guam, 
which  is  the  largest  and  southernmost  of  the  group,  being  thirty- 
two  miles  long  by  twelve  broad.  This  island  is  densely  wooded, 
except  in  the  northwest,  where  there  is  a  small  range  of  low 
mountains  reaching  to  an  elevation  of  1800  feet.  The  general 
height  of  the  island  is  from  fifty  to  seventy-five  feet,  with  a  few 
small  fresh  water  ponds  and  marshes,  and  perhaps  eight  or  ten 
small  streams. 

In  this  paper  I  have  followed  as  near  as  possible  the  A.  O.  U. 
code  of  nomenclature.  The  key,  inserted  for  the  convenience  of 
fellow-workers  in  Polynesian  ornitholog}^  is  chiefly  compiled  from 
various  works  of  worth  bearing  on  the  subject.  The  measurements 
are  all  in  inches,  and  like  the  color  notes  were  taken  from  speci- 
mens in  the  flesh.  /.  c.,  in  all  the  Guam  specimens.  Unless  a  speci- 
men is  marked  '' Immahirc^'  an  adult  bird  is  to  be  understood. 
The  local  names  given  in  Vol.  V.,  Nov.  Zool.,  all  have  a  curious 
Japanese  twist  to  them,  and  with  one  exception  are  all  incorrecftly 
spelled.  The  native  names  as  herein  given  were  all  revised  by 
Lieutenant-Governor  Safford  of  Guam,  who  is  the  best  living 
authorit}'  on  the  Chamorro  language. 

o.  p.  B.  p.  B.  M.— Vol.  I.,  No.  3.  (17) 


KEY  TO  ORDERS. 


a'.   Toes  four,  all  fully  connected  b_v  web.     Order  SteganopodeS. 
a-.   Toes  four,   hind  toe  not  conne<fted  with  front  ones;   bill  with 

cutting  edge  fringed  or  dentate Order  Anseres. 

a^.   Toes  four,  all  on  the  same  level;    bill  short,  strongly  hooked, 
and  with  a  cere  at  the  base  of  the  upper  mandible. 

Order  Raptores. 
a*.   Toes  three,  or  if  four  the  hind  one  not  connected  b}^  web  with 
the  inner  toe. 

b'.   Nostrils  tube-shaped,  feet  webbed Order  Tubinares. 

b'.   Nostrils  not  tubular,  anterior  toes  webbed,  tarsus  shorter 

than  the  tail Order  I/Ongipennes. 

bv   Nostrils  not  tubular,   anterior  toes  not  broadly  united  by 

web,  the  lower  portion  of  the  thighs  naked,  or  else  the 

bill  is  lengthened  and  grooved  along  each  side,  outer 

and  middle  toes  separate. 

C'.   Hind   toe   long   and   on  the   same    level   as  the   front 

toes,   loral  or  orbital  regions  naked. 

Order  Herodioties. 

C-.   Hind  toe  short  and  on  same  level  as  front  toes,  or  but 

slightly  elevated  ;  if  long  as  lower  mandible  there 

is  a  frontal  shield  present Order  Paludicolse. 

C\    Hind  toe  short  and  below  the  level  of  the  front  toes. 

Order  lyimicolse. 

b-*.   Nostrils    not    tubular,    the    lower    portion   of  the    thighs 

feathered,  or  else  the  middle  and  outer  toes  are  united 

for  at  least  half  their  length. 

C^.   Hind  toe  small  and  elevated,   or  else  bill  is  without 

a  soft  cere,  bill  not  hooked,  short  and  stout. 

Order  Gallinse. 
C^.   Hind  toe  well  developed  and  on  a  level  with  the  an- 
terior toes,   bill  with  a  soft  swollen  cere  at  the  base 

of  the  upper  mandible Order  Columbse. 

C''.   Bill  without  soft  swollen  cere. 

(IS) 


Key  to  Orders.  I9> 

d'.  Wing  very  long,  about  equal  to  the  total  length 
of  the  bird,  which  does  not  exceed  4.50,  pri- 
maries ten,   secondaries  six. 

Order  Macrochires. 

d'.  Wing  shorter,  equal  to  about  one-half  the  total 
length  of  the  bird,  bill  large,  primaries  nine. 

Order  Coccyges. 

d^.  Wings  not  very  long,  toes  three  in  front  and  one 
behind,  the  middle  and  outer  toes  not  united 
for  half  their  length,  lower  part  of  thighs 
feathered,  the  tarsus  equal  to  or  longer  than 
the  lateral  toes Order  Passeres. 


20  Direclor' s  Anmial  Report. 

Order  LONGIPENNES.— Long-winged  Swimmers. 

a'.  Bill  without  cere,  lower  mandible  not  longer  than  upper, 
tail  feathers  twelve,  claws  feeble  or  moderate.  Family  Larida", 
Gulls  and  Terns. 

b'.   Tail  even,  hind  toe  perfectly  developed  but  small,  cul- 
•nien  more  than  two-thirds  as  long  as  tarsus.     Genus  Lams. 
b".  Tail  graduated. 

C'.   Outer  tail  feathers  broad  and  rounded  at  tip. 

d'.   Wing    le.ss    than    9.5,    general    color   black, 
wings  lighter.     Genus  Hydrochclidon . 

d'.  Wings  more  than  9.5,  general  color,  includ- 
ing wings,  a  sooty  black.     Genus  Anous. 

Or .  Outer  tail  feathers  sharp,  pointed,  the  next  to  the 
outer  pair  the  longest,  general  color  pure  white.  Genus  Gygis, 
Wagler. 

Genus  ICARUS  Lixn.^u.s. 

I.     I/arus  vegae  (Palmen).     Pallas'  Gull. 

Mantle  light  gray  or  pearl  gray  ;  no  black  spot  on  the  bill  of 
the  adult.  lyCngth  26,  wing  15. 15-18.30,  culnien  1.90-2.20,  tarsus 
2.15-2.20.  Hab.  Pacific  Ocean,  probably  accidental  on  the  Mari- 
anas, only  one  specimen  having  been  taken  there,  which  is  now  in 
the  Paris  Museum. 

Gems  HYDROCHELIDON  Boie 

2.  Hydrochelidon   leucoptera  (Temm.).    White  -  winged 

Black  Tern. 

General  color  black,  silvery  and  white  on  wings  ;  young  and 
winter  specimens  with  tail  and  under  parts  white.  lyength  9.3, 
culmen  i.i,  wing  8.2,  tail  3.1,  tarsus  .75,  mid-toe  and  claw  i. 
Hab.    (Doubtful)  Parts  of  the  Australian  and  American  coasts. 

Genus  ANOUS  Le.\ch. 

a'.   Forehead  alone  is  distinctly  wdiitish.    Anous  stolidus.l^niw. 
a,-.   Entire  top  of  head  whitish,  the  white  changing  graduallx' 
into  a.shy  on  the  hind  neck.     Anous  Icucocapillus,  Gould. 

3.  Anous  leucocapillus  Gould.     Black  -  cheeked  Noddj^ 

Lores  jet  black,  cheeks  dusky,  upper  and  under  parts  nearl\- 
black,  tarsus  and  toes  dark  brown.  Length  13,  culmen  2,  wing  9, 
tail  5,  tarsus  .9,  mid-toe  and  claw  1.4.    Hab.  Inter-tropical  Atlantic, 


Report  of  a   M/ss/oii   to   (rua)ii.  21 

Australia,  and  Pacific  islands.      Probabh-  resident  on  the  island  ot 
J^ai]x\n,  Marianas. 

4.     Anous  stolidus  (I^inn.).     Fahan.     Noddy. 

The  Noddy,  Cateshy,  Nat.  Hi.st.  Carolina,  1737,  I-'  P-  81S. 

Slciiui  sMida,  I.iiiii.,  Syst.  Nat.,  175S,  ed.  XI.,  p.  173;  Kittl.  Kupfcrtaf.  III.,  p.  27. 

.Annus  iMiiiits.  Gray,  Gen.  B.,  p.  100;  Saunder.s,  Cat.  Brit.  Mus.  B.,  XX\'.,  p.  136;  Wiglesw.  Av.' 

Polv.  Ber.  abh.'u.  Mus.  Dresden,  iSgo-91,  p.  76;   Rothschild,  Av.  I.,ay.san,  iSg^,  I.,  p.  41; 

Haftert.  Nov.  Zool.,  1S9S,  V.,  p.  6.S. 
I  lions  s/o/i'iiits  pilt'atiis  (Scop.),  Hartert,  Nov.  Zool..  VI..  p.  g. 

The  natives  tell  me  this  bird  is  very  abundant  on  the  island  of 
Saipan.  In  Guam  it  is  not  very  conimou  ;  a  few  were  seen  on  the 
cliffs  near  the  entrance  of  the  harbor  of  San  Luis  de  Apra.  The 
five  specimens  secured  were  shot  on  the  northeast  end  of  the  island, 
where  a  small  number  were  seen  flying  along  the  beach.  These 
specimens  are  much  darker  in  color  than  those  from  L,aysan  and 
Oahu,  H.I.     The  measurements  were  as  follows: — 


Mnsriini 

Mid-lv,- 

.\o. 

IJaU: 

Length . 

Wing. 

Tail. 

V'arsns. 

Culmrn. 

and  c. 

.Sex 

!)5.S!t 

.luue  14 

11.15 

()..50 

2.75 

1.06 

I.IS 

1.62 

iiu-d" 

!tS90 

.June  15 

17.00 

11.25 

6.02 

.95 

1..53 

1  ..55 

? 

9591 

June  1(5 

17.05 

10.87 

7.00 

.90 

1.59 

1.64 

d 

9592 

.Tune  23 

17.05 

11.16 

6.00 

1.00 

1 .59 

1.63 

d 

9o9X 

June  23 

17.00 

11.00 

6.45 

1.00 

1.63 

1  ..55 

9 

One  specimen,  No.  9589,  was  a  young  male,  the  color  of  which 
was  not  so  dark  as  in  the  adults  ;  the  gray  coloring  is  restricted  to 
the  forehead  ;  there  is  a  white  superciliary  band  extending  from 
posterior  of  the  eye  to  the  upper  mandible.  The  chin  has  not  yet 
acquired  the  brown  feathers  of  the  adult,  but  is  still  covered  with 
a  gray  down.  There  is  a  dark  wing  bar  on  top  of  wings,  //aly. 
Tropical  and  juxta-tropical  seas. 

Genus  GYGIS  Wagler. 
5.     Gygis    alba    kittlit^i  Hartert.     Chung.     White  Tern. 

Ovgis  aiha  kittliizi.  Hart.,  Vogels.  Mus.  Senckenb.,  p.  237;  Id.  Nov.  Zool.,  V.,  p.  67. 

.Sti'iiia  nii'ca.  F.  Bennett,  Whaling  Voy.,  1840,  I.,  p.  37. 

Gygis  Candida.  Wagl.,  Isis,  1S32,  p.   1223;   Finsch,  Ibis,  1880,  pp.  330,  434:  Tristr.  Ibi.s,  iSSi,  p. 

251  ;  Saunders,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  XXV.,  p.  149. 
Gygis  alba.  Licht.,  Noniencl.  Av.,  1854,  p.  97 ;   Finsch.  Journ.  Mus.  Godef.,   1S75,  VIII.,  p.  43; 

Roth.  Avif.  Laysan,  I.,  p.  35  (pi.  and  eggs). 

Chung,  the  White  Tern,  is  an  abundant  bird  on  Guam  and 
undoubtedly  nests  on  the  island,  although  I  did  not  succeed  in 
finding  the  eggs.  The}'  congregate  in  the  breadfruit  trees  in  the 
midst  of  the  jungle,  and  the  beauty  of  their  pure  w^hite  plumage 
among  the  green  leaves  is  very  striking: — 


'iisi'u  >n 

Mid-toe 

.\o. 

Dale. 

Length . 

]Ving. 

Tail. 

Ta 

ISKS. 

Culmen. 

and  c. 

.Sex 

9578 

June  10 

12.75 

9..-)0 

4.68 

..56 

1.60 

1.15 

d 

9.5S0 

June  16 

12..50 

9.50 

4.68 

..53 

1.54 

1.12 

d 

9.5.S1 

June  16 

12.25 

9.50 

4.. 50 

..53 

1..50 

1.12 

d 

9.583 

.June  16 

12.75 

9.50 

4..50 

.56 

1..50 

1.16 

9 

95N4 

July  11 

13.00 

9.75 

4.80 

..50 

1.60 

1.15 

,-f 

9579 

June  15 

13.0U 

9.75 

4.75 

..56 

1.63 

1,16 

"j; 

The  spread  of  the  wings  is  about  26,  and  the  depth  of  the  bill 
at  the  nostrils  is  .31-. 33.     The  entire  plumage  of  the  adult  is  ivor^- 


22  Dircnor' s  Annual  Rcporf. 

white  with  the  exception  of  a  ver}^  narrow  dusky  ring  around  the 
e5^e.  The  shafts  of  the  primaries  are  gray  ;  the  feet  and  tarsus  are 
blue  with  white  webs,  which  are  deeply  incised  ;  the  bill  is  blue, 
darker  at  tip  ;  eyes  brown.  In  the  dry  skins  the  color  of  the  bill 
becomes  much  darker,  and  the  webs  fade  into  a  pale  3'ellowish, 
but  the  toes  retain  their  blue  color  and  are  never  dark  brown  as 
given  by  Saunders  (Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  B.,  XXV.,  p.  150),  or  black 
as  given  by  Rothschild  (Avif.  Laysan,  I.,  p.  36).  In  this  last 
citation  the  length  of  the  bill  is  given  as  0.4-0.5! — doubtless  a 
printer's  error.  Two  specimens  of  this  tern,  taken  by  H.  C.  Palmer 
on  Laysan  Island  June,  1891,  give  the  following  measurements: 
Length  (skins)  12.75,  wing  9.75  and  9.60,  tail  4.62  and  4.35,  tar- 
sus .50  and  .52,  mid-toe  and  claw  1.15  and  i.ii,  culmen  1.40  and 
1.55,  its  depth  at  nostrils  .30  and  .31.     Hah.   Polynesia. 


Order  TUBINARES— Tube-nosed  Swimmers. 


a'.  Wings  large,  over  19,  upper  mandible  hooked,  nostrils  of 
two  di.stinct  tubes.     Family  Diomedeida . 

a^  Wings  smaller,  less  than  19,  nostrils  united  in  one  tube 
with  two  barrels.     Family  Procellariidce. 

Family  DIOMBDBID^.— Albatrosses. 

Genus  DIOMBDBA  Linn^us. 

6.   Diomedea  nigripes,  And.     Black-footed  Albatross. 

General  color  uniformly  dusky  ;  tail  coverts,  base  of  tail,  and 
forehead  white ;  bill  dark  brown ;  feet  black.  Length  28-36, 
wing  18.50-20,  culmen  4-4.50,  tarsus  3.50-3.70,  mid-toe  and  claw 
4.05-4.40.  Hab.  Pacific  Ocean  generally,  south  to  the  Line  ;  ac- 
cidental in  the  Marianas.     "One  specimen  in  the  Paris  Mu.seum." 

Family  PROCBLI/ARIID^.— Petrels. 

Genus  PUFFINUS  Brisson. 

a'.  Tarsus  less  than  1.65. 

b'.  Sides  of  neck  and  breast  slaty,  bill  .90-1.  Puffinus 
tencbrosus. 

b".  Sides  of  neck  mottled,  breast  and  under  neck  white, 
bill   1.50.     Puffinus  obscurus. 


Report  of  a  I\ fission  to  Guam.  23 

7.     Puffinus  tenebrosus  Pelz.     Pel^eln's  Shearwater. 

Upper  color  sooty  black,  sides  of  ueck  and  breast  slaty  with 
whitish  margins  to  the  feathers.  Length  12,  wing  7.20-7.80,  tail 
2.95-3.25,  culmen  1-1.05,  tarsus  i. 40-1 .45,  mid-toe  and  claw  1.50- 
1.60.     Hab.   Coast  of  Australia. 

8.    Puffinus  obscurus  Gm.    Dusky  Petrel. 

Probabl}'  same  as  above.  Length  12,  wing  7.8,  tail  3.2,  bill 
1.5,  tarsus  1.5,  mid-toe  and  claw  1.6  (Samoan  Islands).  Hab. 
Tropical  and  sub-tropical  seas. 


Order  STEGANOPODHS.— Totipalmated  Swimmers. 

a".  Nostrils  distinct,  bill  sharp-pointed  without  hook,  chin 
feathered,  tail  short,  graduated,  in  the  adults  the  two  middle 
feathers  are  greatly  elongated.     Famil}-  Phaithontidcr. 

a,-.  Nostrils  not  distinct,  head  partly  naked,  bill  stout  but  not 
hooked,  tail  about  half  as  long  as  wing.      Famil}'  Sulidir. 

a^.  Nostrils  distinct,  bill  hooked  at  tip,  lores  feathered,  upper 
plumage  black,  tail  forked,  wing  long.     Family  Fregatida:. 

Family  PHABTHONTID^.— Tropic  Birds. 
Genus  PHABTHON  Linn^us. 

9.    Phaethon  candidus  Temm.    Boatswain  Bird.     Tropic 

Bird. 

General  color  pure  white  ;  a  black  band  bordering  both  sides 
of  the  head,  passes  through  the  eye,  and  terminates  in  a  crescent- 
shaped  mark  at  gap  ;  a  black  band  on  the  wings.  Length  30,  cul- 
men 1.8-2,  wing  10-10.6,  tail  1 7.3-21,  tarsus  .8-. 9.  The  young 
are  barred  with  black.  Hab.  Inter-tropical  seas,  except  coast  of 
North  America.      "Resident  on  Agrigan,  of  the  Marianas." 

Family  SUI/ID^.— Gannets. 
Genus  SITI/A  Brisson. 

a".  Feet  greenish  or  yellowish  ;  head,  breast,  neck  and  upper 
]')arts  brown.     Sida  sula. 

a-.  Feet  always  reddish,  head  and  neck  white,  tinged  with 
buff :  general  color  white.     Sula  piscator. 


24  Dircflor' s  Annual  Rep07-t. 

lo.     Sula  sula  \^\m\.    I^uau.     Booby.     Gannet. 

PelecaiiHs  si4la,   I^iiiii.,  S.  N.,  1766,  I.,  p.  218. 

Sula  fusca,  Vieill.,  Gal.  Ois.,  1S25,  II.,  p.  194,  pi.  277;  Swinh.  Ibis,  1869,  p.  347  (Formosa);  Tris- 
tram, Ibis,  1882,  p.  144,  Solomon  I.slands. 

Sula  fiber,  Cassin  (aft.  L.)  U.  S.  Ex.  Kxp.  1858,  p.  363. 

Stila  leucogastra,  Sclat.  &  Salv.  P.  Z.  .S.,  1873";  p.  651  ;  Seebohm,  B.  of  Jap.,  p.  12. 

Sula  Sula,  Verr.  &  Des  Murs.  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  1S60,  p.  442  ;  Ridg.  Man.  N.  A.  B..  p.  75  ;  Roth. 
Avif.  Laj'.san,  I.,  p.  29:  Hartert.  Nov.  Zool.,  V.,  p.  69;  Oust.  II.,  p.  6^  ;  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
XXVI.,  p.  436. 

Only  one  specimen  of  the  Booby  was  secured,  although  they 
were  not  at  all  rare.  This  bird  was  taken  July  23  and  proved  to 
be  an  adult  male.  They  were  usually  to  be  seen  flying  about  the 
cliffs  near  the  entrance  to  the  harbor  of  San  L,uis  de  Apra.  Ivength 
30,  spread  of  wing  4  ft.  10  in.,  wing  16,  tail  7.75,  tarsus  1.62,  cul- 
men  3.56,  its  depth  at  nostrils  1.36,  mid-toe  and  claw  3.59.  The 
general  upper  coloring,  including  head,  neck,  and  fore  breast  is  a 
fine  uniform  seal  brown  ;  hind  breast,  belly,  under  tail  coverts, 
sides,  flanks,  thighs,  axillaries,  and  under  wing  coverts  of  the  sec- 
ondaries, pure  white  ;  shafts  of  the  primaries  black  on  the  upper 
surface,  gray  below  ;  bill  flesh  color,  with  grayish  tint,  bluish  at 
tip;  feet  and  tarsus  a  livid  light-green;  iris  a  silvery  grayish. 
This  specimen  is  much  darker  than  the  summer  specimens  from 
Laysan  Island.  The  posterior  half  of  the  primaries  are  especially 
dark  brown  as  compared  with  the  Laysan  birds,  as  is  also  the 
head,  neck  and  breast.  Hab.  Tropical  and  sub-tropical  seas 
throughout  the  world,  except  the  Pacific  coa.st  of  America. 

II.     Sula  piscator  Linn.     Red-footed  Booby. 

The  general  plumage  of  this  species  is  white  ;  feet  always  red  ; 
gular  sac  blackish  ;  bare  skin  in  front  of  eye  red  ;  tail  white. 
Total  length  27-30,  wing  15-16,  culmen  3.50.  Hab.  Inter-tropical 
seas,  north  to  Florida  and  Lower  California. 

Family  FRBGATID^.— Man-of-war  Birds. 
Genus  FREGATA  Cuvier. 

a'.  Wing  more  than  21.5,  culmen  not  less  than  4.15.  Frcgata 
aqnila,      eill. 

a^.  Wing  less  than  21,  culmen  le.ss  than  4.15.  Frcgata  arid,, 
Gould. 

13.     Fregata  aquila  (Vieill.).    Frigate  Bird. 

Man-of-war  Bird,  Edwards,  Glean.,  i860,  II.,  p.  209. 
Pelrcanus  aqiiilns,  Linn.,  S.  N.,  1766,  I.,  p.  216. 

Tachypctes  aquila,  Vieill.,  N.  Diet    d'Hist.  Nat  ,  1S17,  XII.,  p.  146. 

J-ye^ala  aquila,  d'Orb.,  Sagras  Hist  Cuba,  1839,  p.  309;  Rothschild,  Avif.  Laysan,  1893,  I.,  p.  21; 
Cat.  Brit.  Mus.  B.,  XXVI.,  p.  443. 

An  adult  male  specimen  of  this  bird  was  shot  by  a  native 
November,  1899,  and  brought  in  to  Lieutenant-Governor  Safford, 
by  whom  it  was  identified.  The  skin  was  not  saved,  but  the  skele- 
ton was   presented   to  the   Bi.shop  Museum  by  Lieutenant  Safford 


Report  of  a   Mission   to   CiKaiii.  25 

(No.  9608).     This  is  the   first  record  of  this   species  from  Guam. 
Hab.   Tropical  and  sub-tropical  seas. 

13.    Fregata  ariel  Gould.     Australian  Tropic  Bird. 

General  color  greenish  black,  a  white  patch  on  each  flank. 
Wing  19. 2-21,  tail  15-17.  culmen  2.8-3.3.  The  female  is  a  little 
larger,  with  breast  and  sides  white,  and  a  w^hite  collar  at  the  rear 
of  the  neck.  The  young  have  the  head  and  neck  white  ;  a  general 
coloring  of  brown  ;  the  middle  of  the  abdomen  and  the  flanks 
white.     Hab.  Tropical  Pacific  and  Indian  Ocean. 


Order  ANSERES.— Lamellirostral  Swimmers. 


a'.  Hind  toe  without  membranous  lobe  or  flap.  Svib-family 
Anatino' . 

a".  Hind  toe  with  a  broad  membranous  flap  or  lobe.  Sub- 
family Fiiligulincr . 

Sub-family  ANATIN^. — Fresh  Water  Ducks. 

Genus  ANAS  L,inn^us. 
14.    Anas  oustaleti  Salvad.     Ngang.    I/adrone  Duck. 

Anas  mistaleti,  Salvad.,  Bui.  Brit.  Orn.  Club,  XX.,  p.  i  ;  Id.,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  XXVII.,  p.  189; 
Hartert,  Nov.  Zool.,  V.,  p.  66;  Oust.,  II.,  p.  49. 

This  duck  nests  among  the  reedy  swamps  and  streams  of  the 
island,  and  is  not  uncommon  all  the  year  round.  The  specimens 
secured  were  taken  during  the  month  of  June.  The  general  color 
of  the  upper  surface  is  dark  browai,  the  feathers  margined  with 
buff ;  top  of  head  dark  brown  wnth  a  slight  greenish  tint ;  in  some 
specimens  the  crowm  is  slight!}'  sprinkled  with  a  few  small  buffy 
feathers  ;  a  pale  hvAy  stripe  extending  from  base  of  upper  man- 
dible over  the  eye  to  back  of  head  ;  below  this  there  is  a  dark 
stripe  extending  from  the  base  of  the  upper  mandible  through  the 
eye  to  the  back  of  the  head  ;  sides  of  the  head,  and  neck,  buffy 
with  streakings  of  brown  ;  the  throat  buff,  not  streaked  ;  under 
parts  not  .so  dark  as  the  upper,  the  buffy  tips  of  the  feathers  being 
longer  and  wider,  but  not  so  bright ;  wings  a  soft  dark  brown,  the 
secondaries  more  or  less  edged  with  buff  ;  .speculum  blui.sh-purple, 
green  in  some  lights  ;  it  is  bordered  by  black,  follow^ed  front  and 
back  by  an  indistinct  white  or  buffy  line,  as  in  A.  wyvilliana  of 
Hawaii ;  the  white  markings,  however,  are  not  so  prominent  as  in 
the  latter  ;  bill  dusky  above,  with  small  black  splotches  ;  the  lower 
mandible  lighter  (No.  9534  has  bill  entirely  black);  feet  and  tarsus 
flesh  color  with  a  tint  of  pink  ;  eye  light  hazel.      Length  19.50-20, 


26  Dij^effor's  Annual  Report. 

spread  of  wiugs  32,  wing  10-10.50,  tail  2.25-2.50,  tarsus  i. 63-1. 85, 
culmeii  1. 75-1. 80,  its  depth  at  nostrils  .68,  mid-toe  and  claw  2.45- 
2.50.  Hab.  Guam  and  Saipan,  also  probably  others  of  the  Mari- 
anas. Two  of  the  downy  young  were  secured,  the  general  upper 
coloring  of  which  is  brown  ;  there  is  a  buffy  spot  on  each  side  of 
the  rump  ;  the  throat,  neck  and  general  under  coloring  is  buffy  ; 
a  wide  and  distinct  superciliary  line  of  buff ;  a  black  line  from  the 
upper  mandible  through  the  eye  ;  there  is  a  splotch  of  brown  at  the 
nape  and  another  on  the  sides  of  the  head  below  the  ear  ;  upper 
mandible  black,  lower  yellowish  ;  feet  brownish. 

Sub-family  FUI/IGUI/IN^.— Sea  Ducks. 

Ge;nus  FUI/IGUI/A  Stephens. 

15.     Fuligula  fuligula  Linn.     Tufted  Duck. 

General  color  black,  abdomen  white  ;  tail  feathers  normal,  not 
particularly  stiff ;  head  with  crest;  speculum  white.  Wing  8,  tail 
2.5,  culmen  1.75,  tarsus  1.12.  General  color  of  young  and  females 
brown.  Hab.  Palaearcftic  regions  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  ; 
winters  in  China,  Japan  and  India  ;   accidental  in  Polynesia. 


Order  HERODIONES.-Herons,  Storks,  Bitterns,  Etc. 


a'.  Bill  sharp-pointed  and  nearly  straight,  inner  side  of  middle 
toe-nail  pecftinate,  loral  space  bare,  powder-down  tracts  present. 
Family  Ardcida-,  Herons. 

b'.  Tail  feathers  10,  bill  with  serrations,  slightly  notched. 
C".   Length  about   21,   yellowi.sh  band  down  sides  of 
neck,  culmen  longer  than  tarsus.     Genus  Dupctor. 

C-.   Length   about    14.   tibio-tarsus  feathered  to  heel. 
Genus  Ardctta. 

b".  Tail  feathers  12  or  more,  bill  without  serrations,  and 
usually  with  a  distinct  notch,  culmen  longer  than  tarsus,  length 
about  22.     Genus  Demiegrctta . 

Genus  DUPBTOR  Heine  &  Reichenbach. 
16.    Dupetor  flavicollis  Lath.    Yellow-necked  Bittern. 

Aidra  flaTHollis,  I.ath.,  Ind.  Orn.,  1790,  II.,  p.  701. 

Ardi-a  pini/ci.  Kaffl.,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc,  XIII.,  p.  326. 

Ardca  biliiirala,  Ciiv.,  Mus.  Paris. 

Aidciralla  Jiavicollis,  Salva.,  Ucc.  Born.,  1S74,  p.  353;  Oates,  Journ.  Straits  Branch  As.  Soc.  B. 

iggo.  III.,  p.  231. 
Dupetor  JiavicoUis,  Hein.  &Reicheii.,  Nomencl.  Mus.  Hein.,  :8go  (Sumatra),  p.  30S ;  Sharp,  B. 

B.  O.,  Club,  XXXI.,  p.  31  ;  Id.,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  XXVI.,  p.  247. 

Only  one  specimen  of  this  large  bittern  was  seen.  This  was 
shot  near  the  Agafia  river  June  ii,  1900,  and  proved  to  l^e  a  full 


Report  of  a   Mission  to  Guam.  27 

grown  female  (Bishop  Museum  No.  8986).  Length  22.25,  •'^prcad 
of  wings  28,  wing  8.15,  tail  2.92,  tarsus  2.43,  culmen  3.00,  its  depth 
at  nostrils  .57,  mid-toe  and  claw  2.86.  General  color  of  the  upper 
surface  olive  brown  with  a  slight  rufous  tint,  the  under  coloring 
of  feathers  slate  ;  wings  and  tail  slate  ;  sides  of  face  and  cheeks 
black,  mottled  with  rufous  ;  sides  of  neck  with  bands  of  bright 
golden  straw  color  ;  chin  and  under  throat  yellowish,  with  a  line 
of  dusky  brown  feathers  extending  down  the  center  and  broaden- 
ing out  to  form  the  prettily  variegated  coloring  of  the  under  neck 
and  fore  breast,  which  have  a  general  coloring  of  rufous  brown 
with  feathers  edged  with  whitish  black  and  buffy,  giving  the  fore 
breast  a  streaked  appearance  ;  feathers  of  bell}"  with  under  color- 
ing of  slate,  but  the  outer  half  is  brownish  broadly  edged  with 
yellowish,  which  gives  to  the  under  surface  a  dirt}"  yellowish  and 
brownish  appearance  ;  sides  and  rump  slaty  ;  thighs  and  tibio- 
tarsus  rufous  :  bill  dusky  above,  lighter  below  ;  feet  a  dirty  brown- 
ish ;  eyes  yellowish.  Hab.  Philippine  Islands,  China,  Burmah, 
Java,  Borneo,  Celebes,  Sumatra,  Malay  peninsula,  India  and 
Ceylon.     This  is  the  first  record  of  this  species  from  Guam. 

Genus  ARDBTTA  Gray. 

17.     Ardetta  bryani,*  spec.  nov.     Kakak.     Bittern. 

This  little  bittern  is  found  in  abundance  along  the  streams  and 
in  the  reed}-  marshes  ;  taro  patches  and  rice  paddies  are  also  its 
favorite  feeding  grounds.  The  native  name  of  Kakak  is  a  very 
good  imitation  of  the  cr}-  it  makes  as  it  fiys  up  when  disturbed. 
The  coloring  of  this  bird  blends  so  well  with  its  surroundings  that 
it  takes  very  careful  observation  to  see  them,  of  which  fact  the  birds 
seem  well  aware  and  I'emain  perfectly  still  until  they  are  almost 
stepped  upon,  when  they  fly  up,  calling  out  a  loud  "kaka-kakak". 
Their  food  is  chiefly  insects  and  their  larvae.  Some  of  the  speci- 
mens examined  had  their  stomachs  filled  wdth  black  crickets. 
Eight  specimens  were  secured,  two  adult  males,  two  adult  females, 
and  four  immature: — 

Museum  Mid-toe 

.Xo.  Dali'.  Length.  Win,!;.  Tail.  Tarsus.  Culmen.  and  c.       Sex. 

9600  .June     .">  l:!..")0  5.25  l.GS  1.86  2.00  2.12  9 

9601  ,]inie     7  U.l'.">  5.46  1.56  1.86  2.00  1.92    juv.cf 

9602  .June  12  14.75  5.00  1.65  1.86  2.00  2.60    jliv.cf 

9603  .rune  12  14.00  5..50  2.00  1.92  2.00  2.17  cf 

9604  .June  11  14.00  5..50  2.00  1.92  2.00  2.17    juv.  ? 

9605  .Tune  11  14.00  5.12  1.80  1.88  2.00  2.25  cf 

9606  .June  1:{  14..50  .5.25  1.75  1.75  2.12  1.96    juv.  ? 

9607  .Jul.v     :!  14.25  5.60  1.60  1.89  2.10  2.17  $ 

The  spread  of  the  wings  from  tip  to  tip  is  about  1 9  ;  the  depth 
of  the  bill  at  nostril  is  .40.    No.  9603  is  type  of  species.    The  adult 

*This  is  probably  the  Petit  Heron.  Quov  &  Gaim.,  Voy.  Uranie,  1824,  p.  35  (Guam).  Also 
the  bird  called  Ardetta  sinensis.  Oust.,  Le."Nat.,  1889.  p.  261  (lies  Mariannes);  Hartert,  Nov. 
Z06I.,  v.,  p.  63  ;  Sharp.  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  XXVI.,  p.  227. 


28  DireHor's  Anjiiial  Report. 

males  have  the  mantle,  scapulars,  lesser  wing  coverts  and  tertials 
a  uniform  reddish  brown  ;  anterior  of  mantle  slightly  darker,  with 
a  few  feathers  having  dusky  centers  and  rufous  margins  ;  forehead 
dusky  with  a  slight  mingling  of  rufous  ;  crown  and  occiput  black, 
the  feathers  forming  a  crest  abovit  three-quarters  of  an  inch  long  ; 
sides  of  head  and  neck  rufous,  the  long  frill-like  feathers  on  the 
sides  of  the  lower  neck  with  a  slight  vinous  tint ;  greater  and 
middle  wing  coverts  a  light  buff ;  primaries  and  secondaries  slaty 
black,  their  under  surface  grayish,  lighter  at  tips,  the  outer  web 
of  outer  primary  margined  with  buff ;  axillaries  and  under  wing 
coverts  pure  white  ;  bastard  primary  black  with  huiiy  outer  web  ; 
primary  coverts  black  ;  edge  of  wing  white  ;  tail  feathers  black, 
the  upper  coverts  grayish  with  a  slight  rufous  tint,  under  tail 
coverts  buffy  white ;  throat,  under  part  of  neck,  and  pendant 
feathers  on  under  part  of  lower  neck  white  with  slight  inter- 
mingling of  buff ;  a  buffy  streak  extending  mesially  down  the  chin 
and  throat  ;  sides  of  fore-breast  with  long  dusky  feathers  having 
reddish  buff  margins  ;  sides  and  belly  white  with  a  ver^-  slight  tint 
of  buff ;  thighs  a  buffy  white  ;  eyes  golden  yellow  ;  feet  and  tarsus 
a  yellowish  green  ;  bill  dusky  above,  light  below. 

The  adult  female  has  more  red  mixed  with  the  black  of  the 
crown  and  occiput,  the  lower  feathers  of  the  crest  being  entirely 
rufous  with  vinous  tint ;  the  feathers  of  the  back  with  lighter 
margins  ;  general  upper  surface  a  dark  cinnamon  color  ;  the  wing 
coverts  are  slightly  darker  than  in  the  adult  male,  the  median 
streak  on  the  chin  is  more  pronounced,  and  there  seems  to  be  more 
buffy  coloring  on  the  throat  and  under  side  of  neck,  the  thighs 
show  more  buffy.     Otherwise  the  sexes  are  identical. 

The  immature  birds  are  chara(5terized  by  the  streaked  appear- 
ance of  the  crown,  caused  by  the  black  feathers  being  margined 
with  red.  The  feathers  of  the  mantle  and  rump  are  also  a  darker 
reddish  brown  than  in  the  adult  bird  ;  the  feathers  of  the  wing- 
coverts  are  brownish  margined  with  buff,  the  inner  webs  being- 
more  or  less  gray,  the  outer  web  of  the  tertials  showing  a  coloring 
of  vinous  red  ;  the  sides  are  a  darker  buff  than  in  the  adult  and 
the  feathers  of  the  under  surface  are  colored  in  the  centre  with 
reddish  brown  which  gives  the  under  neck,  breast  and  bell}"  a 
more  streaked  appearance  ;  ej-e  yellow  ;  bill  dusk}'  above,  and 
light  below. 

This  species  is  closely  allied  to  Ardctta  sinensis  (Gmel.),  but 
is  easily  distinguished  by  the  uniform  reddish  brown  coloring 
of  the  upper  surface,  the  yellowish  green  of  the  tarsus,  the 
rufous  tint  of  the  upper  tail  coverts,  and  the  smaller  size,  the 
shorter  tarsus,  and  slightly  longer  culmen,  as  shown  in  the  table 
given  above.  Hab.  Marianas.  Named  in  honor  of  my  esteemed 
co-worker  in  the  ornithology  of  Polynesia,  W.  A.  Bryan,  of  the 
Bishop  Museum. 


Report  of  a  Mission  to  Gnaw.  29 

Genus  DEMIEGRETTA  Blvtii. 
18.     Demiegretta  sacra  (Gm.).    Chuchuku.    Reef  Heron. 

Aidtit  sacia.  Gm..  S\st.  Xat.,  I.,   p.  640:    Finsch.,  Jour.   Mus.   Godef  ,  VIII.,  p.  3^  ;    Scl.,  Chal- 

lenf^er  Exp.,  II.,  B.,  p.  31  ;  Tri.str.,  Ibis,  1882,  p.  144  (Solomon  Ids.). 
Ardca  jiigulaiis.  Korst.,  Icon.  ined.  tab.  114;    Hartl.,  J.  f.  O.,  1853,  p.  167  (Mariaiiiuv  Id.s.); 

Sharp,  P.  Z.  S..  1SS7,  p.  516  (Chri.stma.s  Id.). 
Hr-iodiiii  .i.Taiv,  Gray,  List.  Grail.  Brit.  Mus.,  p.  80  (Aust.). 
J)<'>/ii(X>f//a  ffitivi.  Gould.  Hand.  B.  B.  Aust.,  II.,  p.  309. 
/)i>ni,xii'//a  sacra.  Wald.,   Ibis.   1S73,  p.  318;    Grant,  P.  Z.  S.,  188S,  p.  333;  Sharp,  Ibis,  1S94,  p. 

245;  Hart.,  Nov.  Zool.,  V.,  p.  64;  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus..  XXVI.,  p.  137. 

The  Reef  Herons  are  not  verj-  abundant  on  the  island,  and 
they  are  extremely  wild  and  difficult  to  approach.  Three  speci- 
mens were  secured,  one  adult  male  and  two  adult  females: — 

AfHseiim  Mid-toe 

No.               Dati\  /.t'lii;///.  Wing.  Tail.  Tarsus.  Ciilnirii.  and  c.  Sc.v. 

9585  .Iniit-  10  2.").0(l  n..oO  4.00  H.25  3.37  2.90             ^ 

9587  .June  11  •  24.0(1  11.00  3.35  3.50  3.12  2.60              ? 

9588  Jul.v    14  24.00  11.00  3.68  3.0(t  3.30  2.86              ^ 

The  spread  of  the  wings  is  about  37.50,  and  the  depth  of  the 
bill  at  the  nostrils  is  .56.  Sexes  colored  similarly.  The  general 
color  of  the  adult  is  blackish  slate  ;  feathers  of  the  crest  and  short 
back  plumes  tinged  with  gray  in  the  fully  adults  ;  a  white  streak 
down  the  centre  of  throat,  this  streak  in  some  specimens  beginning 
between  the  gonys  and  extending  three  inches  or  more  down  the 
neck  ;  in  others  the  white  streak  begins  on  a  line  with  the  anterior 
of  e3'e  and  is  only  about  one  inch  in  length.  Specimens  almost 
adult  have  scattered  feathers  of  a  dirty  buffy  white  among  the  slaty 
plumage  of  the  mantle,  neck,  and  wing  coverts  ;  bill  dark  above 
and  at  the  tip,  under  mandible  dusky  yellowish  ;  feet  and  tarsus 
dusk}'  3-ellowish  green  with  dark  splotches  on  the  front  of  the  tar- 
sus ;  eye  golden  yellow.  I/ad.  Australia,  Pacific  islands,  Burmah, 
Malay  peninsula,  Korea,  Bay  of  Bengal,  Japan  and  China. 


Order  P.ALUDICOL.€.-Rails,  Coots,  Etc. 


Hind  toe  above  the  level  of  the  others,  toes  long  and  slender, 
wings  less  than  10.     Famil)'  Rallidcr,  Rails. 
a'.  Without  frontal  .shield. 

b'.   Length  about  11,  barred  with  black  and  white  on  the 
under  surface,  wing  more  than  3.9.     Genus  Hypotccnidia . 

b-.   Length  about  7,  under  surface  gray,  not  barred,  wing 
3.39  or  less.     Genus  Poliolimnws. 
a".   With  a  frontal  shield. 

b'.   Middle  toe  longer  than  the  tarsus,  no  webs  or  lobes  on 
the  toes,  wing  6.92  or  less.     Genus  Gallinula . 

b".   Toes    with     lobes    on    the    sides,     wing    7.70- S. 30. 
Genus  Fnlica . 


30  Direclor' s  A)i)iual  Report. 

Genus  HYPOT^NID^  RkichExNbach. 

19.    Hypotsenidia  oustini  Oustalet.    Koko.    Oustalet's 

Rail. 

Hvpii/tDiidia  marchri,  K.  Ovistalet,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris  (3),  1896,  VIII.,  pp.  32-34. 

General  color  above  olivaceous  brown ;  no  white  spots  on 
mantle  or  back.  In  No.  9540  the  ends  of  the  feathers  on  the  back 
of  the  neck  are  so  worn  that  they  give  the  appearance  of  yellowish 
markings  to  this  region  ;  rump  brown  ;  greater  wing  coverts  uniform 
with  the  coloring  of  the  mantle  ;  lesser  and  median  wing  coverts 
barred  with  black  and  white  ;  primaries,  secondaries  and  tail 
feathers  barred  with  black  and  white.  This  marking  on  the  tail 
feathers,  however,  varies  considerably.  In  No.  9536  the  tail 
feathers  are  almost  uniform  ochraceous  brown  with  but  a  few  white 
dots  on  the  webs  ;  top  and  sides  of  head  uniform  with  coloring  of 
the  mantle  ;  bvit  in  No.  9531,  however,  the}-  are  a  shade  darker 
than  the  mantle.  A  sharply  defined  superciliary  stripe  of  ashy 
gray  extending  from  near  the  base  of  bill  to  the  sides  of  nape,  the 
anterior  part  of  this  stripe  narrow  and  white.  With  the  exception 
of  this  stripe  the  coloring  of  the  sides  of  head  and  neck  are  uniform 
with  mantle.  Beginning  sharply  on  a  line  with  the  gape  and  ex- 
tending to  the  shoulders  is  the  plumbous  gray  of  the  under  neck 
and  breast,  merging  into  white  on  the  chin.  Two  of  the  specimens, 
Nos.  9537  and  9540,  show  a  slight  trace  of  rufous  in  this  plumbous 
gra}'-  of  the  fore  breast.  Beginning  at  the  fore  breast  and  extend- 
ing over  the  entire  under  surface  of  the  bod3^  including  flanks  and 
under  tail  coverts,  the  bird  is  barred  with  black  and  white,  these 
bars  especially  large  and  distinct  on  the  flanks,  while  on  the  belly 
they  are  narrow  and  not  so  marked  ;  bill  dusky  ;  feet  grayish  with 
brownish  cast ;  iris  an  Indian  red.  I  find  no  diflerence  in  the  color- 
ing of  the  se;xes.  No.  9538,  a  fledgling  three  inches  in  length,  is 
covered  with  a  uniform  sooty  black  down  ;  bill  and  feet  dusk}'  ; 
eyes  dark  brown.  This  bird  is  closely  allied,  if  not  identical  with 
R.  philippinas.  It  seems,  however,  to  be  a  little  larger,  and  with- 
out the  rufous  coloring  on  the  flanks.     Hab.   Marianas. 


'11. scum 

.\rid-toc 

.\o. 

Date. 

Length. 

Wiiijy. 

Tail. 

Taisus. 

Cidnwii . 

and  r. 

.Se.r 

o.^ye 

.Tune  24 

11.. -)0 

4.4.S 

L'.Ofi 

2.N4 

\.-xi 

1.S4 

? 

9537 

.Iiine  L'8 

1:100 

.5.  IS 

2.19 

2.Sii 

l.(i2 

2.12 

d 

953U 

.Inl.v     9 

11.00 

1.6S 

1.95 

1 .50 

l..-)5 

¥ 

9540 

.July  15 

11.50 

4..50 

2.00 

2.00 

1..50 

2.10 

? 

Genus  POI^IOLIMMAS  Sharp. 
20.     Poliolitnmas  cinereus  Veill.     Gray  Rail. 

Pi/rphyrio  cinereus,  Veill.,  Nouv.  Diet.,  1819,  XXVIII.,  p.  29. 
Poliulimmas  cinetea,  Sharp,  Bui.  Brit.  Orn.  Club,  1S93,  V.,  p.  2S. 

The  natives  call  this  bird  the  Koko,  the  same  name  they  give 
to  the  big  Oustins  Rail,    and   they   regard  it  as  the  young  of  the 


Report  of  a   Mission  to   (i  it  a  in.  31 

latter,  which  is  not  at  all  the  case,  as  the  specimen  I  secured  of 
P.  cine  fills  was  a  fully  adult  female,  with  eggs  almost  ready  for 
laying.  These  birds  are  ([uite  rare,  and  the  only  specimen  I  secured 
was  a  female  which  had  been  snared  by  some  native  boys  in  a  sweet 
potatti  patch  near  the  Agaila  river.  General  color  above  olive 
brown  ;  on  top  of  head  the  middle  of  feathers  black,  with  the  edges 
olive  brown  ;  a  slight  intermingling  of  ash  gray  showing  on  the 
sides  of  the  crown  ;  back  of  neck  olivaceous  green  ;  feathers  of 
back  with  broad  black  centres  and  edges  of  light  buffy  brown  ; 
lores  and  a  small  spot  at  base  of  gonys  black  ;  cheeks,  sides  of  neck, 
and  under  neck  ash  gray  merging  into  white  on  the  chin  ;  a  narrow 
white  superciliary  stripe  which  broadens  to  the  base  of  the  U])per 
mandible  ;  a  white  stripe  on  the  upper  edge  of  cheek  extending 
from  chin  to  ear  coverts  ;  cheeks,  ear  coverts,  sides  of  throat,  fore 
neck,  breast,  and  sides  of  body  ash  gray;  flanks  a  buffy  brown  ; 
belly  white  ;  under  tail  coverts  buff ;  upper  tail  coverts  dusky  ; 
under  wing  coverts  and  under  side  of  quills  ash  ;  axillaries  dusky  ; 
bastard  wing,  primary  coverts,  and  quills  a  light  brown  ;  ash 
below  ;  first  primary  wnth  outer  web  whitish  ;  feet  yellowish  with 
tint  of  greenish  ;  eye  carmine  ;  bill  dusky  above,  lighter  below, 
wnth  a  tint  of  greenish  yellow  on  the  tip  of  both  mandibles.  L,ength 
6.50,  wing  3.60,  extent  of  wing  11,  tarsus  1.30,  culmen  .75,  its 
depth  at  nostrils  .25,  mid-toe  and  claw  1.83.     Hab.   Guam. 

Genus  GALI/INULA  Brisson. 
21.     Gallinula  chloropus  Lath.     Pulatel.     Gallinule. 

The  Water  Hen  or  Moor  Hen,  Albiii,  Xat.  Hist.  B.,  1738,  II.,  p.  66,  pi.  72. 
Fiilica  r///nropiis.  Linn.,  Sy.st.  Nar.,  1766,  I.,  p.  258. 

GallhiuUi  clilonipm.  Lath'.,  Ind.  Orn.,  II.,  p.  773;    Steere,  Li.st  of  :\Ianini.  and  B.  I'hilip.,  i  ^9*^, 
p.  258;  Hartert,  Nov.  Zool.,  V.,  p.  62. 

This  bird  is  abundant  in  the  marshy  grounds  and  taro  patches 
all  over  the  island  ;  it  is  highly  prized  by  the  natives  for  food. 
General  color  a  bluish  slate,  with  mantle,  rump,  wdng  coverts  and 
upper  tail  coverts  a  beautiful  olive  brown  ;  scapulars  like  the 
mantle  ;  primar}'  and  secondary  quills  blackish  brown  ;  outer  pri- 
mary and  ba,stard  wing  feathers  externally  edged  with  white  ;  tail 
feathers  blackish  ;  crown  and  face  blackish  with  a  slight  blueish 
tint,  which  fades  into  a  lighter  slaty  blue  on  the  neck  and  fore 
brea.st,  and  extends  over  the  entire  under  surface  of  the  body;  pos- 
terior part  of  belly  with  a  still  lighter  grayish  tint,  while  in  some 
specimens  this  part  is  almost  pure  white  (immaturity).  A  few 
white  feathers  on  the  sides  and  flanks  ;  under  tail  coverts  white, 
with  the  feathers  of  the  vent  and  the  long  median  tail  coverts  black  ; 
frontal  shield  and  two-thirds  of  the  bill  a  deep  lake  red,  anterior 
third  a  bright  greenish  yellow  ;  tarsus  lemon  ^-ellow  ;  garter  of  rich 
lake  red  followed  by  a  band  of  lemon  yellow  just  above  the  knee  ; 
joint  of  the  tarsus  greenish  ;  toes  du-sk}-  with  a  slight  tint  of  yel- 
lowish ;  iris  reddish.     No.  9595,  an  immature  male,  has  the  feathers 


32  DireRor's  Annual  Report. 

of  the  back  of  a  decided  brownish  cast ;  wings  and  tail  dusky  ;  top 
of  head  and  back  of  neck  brown,  more  or  less  mixed  with  gray  on 
sides  of  head,  face,  and  neck  ;  chin,  throat,  lower  third  of  cheeks, 
and  the  bell}'  white  ;  the  remaining  under  parts  a  mingling  of  white 
and  pale  slaty  blue  ;  shield  much  restricfted  and  dusky  in  color  ; 
iipper  mandible  dusk}^  ;  lower  mandible,  and  tip  of  upper,  with  a 
slight  shade  of  3'ellowish  ;  legs  and  feet  without  the  red  coloring, 
but  the  front  scales  colored  a  bright  lemon  yellow.  Quite  a  lot  of 
grass  and  remains  of  inserts  and  larvae  were  found  in  the  stomachs 
of  these  specimens.  Hab.  Europe,  Africa,  Asia,  and  man}- Pacific 
islands.     Guam. 


Musemn 

Mid-toe 

No. 

Dale. 

Length. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Tarsus. 

Ciilmen. 

and  c. 

.S'^.i- 

959.5 

.June    7 

11.31 

5.55 

2.12 

1.K6 

1.18 

2.75 

juv.cT 

9594 

.Tune    5 

12.25 

(i.31 

2.50 

2.00 

1.62 

2.50 

9 

9596 

June    9 

11.75 

(>..")0 

2.77 

l.SO 

l..-)0 

2.6.S 

? 

9597 

June  11 

12  50 

(;.37 

2.26 

2.00 

1.6S 

2.75 

9 

959S 

June  13 

12.50 

6.92 

3.00 

1  ..S6 

1.6K 

:!.00 

? 

9599 

June  13 

12.50 

6.92 

3.00 

].S6 

1.6S 

3.00 

d 

The  spread  of  the  wings  from  tip  to  tip  is  about  18.50,  and  the 
depth  of  the  bill  at  the  base  is  about  .37. 

Genus  FUIylCA  Lixx.-eus. 

22.     Fulica  atra  Linn.     Buropean  Coot. 

General  color  slaty,  bill  and  frontal  shield  whitish,  edge  of 
wing  and  edge  of  first  quill  whitish.  Length  16,  wing  7.70-8.80, 
culmen  1.70-2,  tarsus  2.25-2.35,  mid-toe  and  claw  2.85-3.15.  //ad. 
Europe  and  Asia,  ranging  south  to  the  Philippines  and  Pacific 
islands  ;   accidental  on  Guam. 


Order  LIMICOL.€.- Shore  Birds. 


a'.  Tarsus  transversely  scutellate,  culmen  longer  than  middle 
toe  without  claw.     Family  Scolopacidcc,  Snipes,  Sandpipers. 

a-.  Tarsus  with  small  hexagonal  or  irregular  scales  in  front, 
bill  shorter  than  tarsus,  nasal  openings  reaching  beyond  the  basal 
fourth  of  the  bill.     Family  C]iaradriida\  Plovers. 

a^.  Tarsus  slightly  longer  than  culmen,  lower  back  and  rump 
white  with  a  black  band.  Family  ApJinzidcr,  Surf  Birds  and  Turn- 
stones. 

F.\MiLv  SCOLOPACID^.— Snipes 

a'.   No  hind  toe.     Genus  Ca/idris. 
a-.   Hind  toe  present. 

b'.   Culmen  thickened  at  tip,   thighs  naked,  tarsus  not  so 
long  as  mid-toe  and  claw.      Genus  (la/iinago. 


Report  of  a   Missio)i   to   Ciitaiii.  33 

b'.  Culmeu  longer  than  mid -toe  and  claw,  tip  of  bill  not 
decurved,  under  primary  coverts  white,  toes  cleft  to  the  base. 
Genus  Trhiga. 

b\  Culmen  longer  than  tarsus,  lower  parts  white,  chest 
streaked  or  spotted  with  dusky,  tail  barred  with  grayish  or  dusky. 
Genus  Tot  an  us. 

b^.   Wing  6.5  or  more. 

C'.  Wing  about  8,  bill  decidedly  arched  or  decurved. 
Genus  Xiimcnius. 

C".  Wing  about  6,  tarsus  equal  to  the  hind  toe  and 
claw,  axillars  grayish,  no  web  between  inner  and  middle  toes  at  base, 
bill  grooved  for  at  least  half  its  length.     Genus  Hetcraditis. 

Q=.  Wing  7  or  more,  terminal  part  of  bill  smooth  and 
hard,  culmen  3  or  more,  no  white  on  wings.     Genus  Limosa. 

Genus  GAI,I,INAG0  Leach. 

23.     Gallinago  megala   Swinh.     Snipe. 

General  color  above  blackish  striped  with  sand)^  isabelline, 
breast  and  abdomen  white,  a  red  subterminal  band  on  the  tail,  tail 
feathers  20.  Length  9.5,  culmen  2.3,  wing  5.4,  tail  2.15,  tarsus 
1.35.  Hab.  Eastern  Siberia,  wintering  in  the  Philippines,  Borneo 
and  the  Moluccas  ;   in  the  Marianas  during  migrations. 

Genus  TRINGA  Linn^us. 

24.   Tringa  acuminata  (Horsf.).    Sharp-tailed  Sandpiper. 

Legs  and  feet  pale,  wings  from  the  carpal  joint  more  than  4.76, 
the  shafts  of  the  quills  for  a  portion  of  their  length  are  white  ;  top 
of  head  is  rust}',  with  streakings  and  fleckings  of  dusk)'  ;  fore  neck 
and  chest  buff  broadly  streaked  and  splotched  with  dusky  ;  rest  of 
the  lower  parts  white.  Length  7.50-8.  wing  4.90-5.50,  culmen 
.95-1.05,  tarsus  1.10-1.25.  Hab.  West  coa.st  of  America,  islands 
of  the  Pacific  from  Australia  to  Alaska  ;   Guam  during  migrations. 

Genus  CAIylDRIS  Cuvier. 

25.     Calidris  arenaria  Linn.     Sanderling. 

General  under  color  white,  above  light  rusty  (to  ash  gray  in 
winter),  greater  wing  coverts  broadly  tipped  with  white.  Length 
7-8.50,  wing  4.70-5,  culmen  .95-1,  tarsus  .95-1.05,  mid-toe  and 
claw  .55-. 60.  Hab.  Circumpolar  ;  breeds  on  all  coasts  of  the  Ar(ftic 
ocean,  south  in  winter  to  Malay  archipelago,  and  Pacific  islands  ; 
Guam  during  migrations. 

().  p.  B.  p.  B.  M.— Vol.  I.,  No.  .-v 


34  Dircclor's  Animal  Report. 

Genus  I^IMOSA  Brissox. 

26.     I/imosa  lapponica  baueri  (Xaum).     Pacific  Godwit. 

General  color  of  the  hind  neck  and  the  lower  parts  plain  cin- 
namon, back  and  scapulars  varied  with  blackish,  whitish  and 
rusty  ;  in  winter  head,  neck  and  lower  parts  whitish  ;  the  head  and 
neck  streaked,  the  breast  and  sides  slightly  barred  with  grayish 
browMi.  Length  14.60-16,  wing  8.25-9.15,  culmen  3.15-4.70,  tarsus 
2-2.45,  mid-toe  and  claw  i.io-i. 33  Hab.  Coa.sts  of  western  A.sia 
and  Alaska,  south  in  winter  to  Australia  ;  Guam  during  migrations. 

Genus  TOTANUS  Bechstein. 

a'.  Wing  under  6,  central  ui)per  tail  coverts  white.  Totauus 
glarcola . 

a".  Wing  under  6,  no  white  on  rump  or  upper  tail  coverts. 
Tot  anus  liypolcucus. 

27.    Totanus  hypoleucus  Linn.     Common  Sandpiper. 

General  color  a  bronzy  brown,  the  feathers  with  arrow-shaped 
markings  of  black  :  under  parts  white,  with  dusky  streaks  on  the 
throat.  Length  8,  culmen  i.i,  wing  4.1,  tail  2,  tarsus  .89-. 96. 
Female  smaller  and  not  quite  so  well  marked.  Hab.  Europe  and 
Asia  ;   Guam  during  migrations. 

28.     Totanus  glareola  Temm.    Wood  Sandpiper. 

General  color  above  bronze  brown,  with  light  ash  bronze  mar- 
gins to  the  feathers  ;  belly  white.  Length  8.5,  culmen  1.15,  wing 
4.6,  tail  1.85,  tarsus  i.  Hab.  Europe,  Africa,  China,  Burmah, 
Malay  archipelago  ;   Guam  in  migrations. 

Genus  NUMBNIUS  Brisson. 

a'.  Length  about  15,  bill  less  than  4,  lower  back  and  rump 
mottled  with  bars  and  spots  of  brown.  Nunioiiiis  pluropus  varic- 
Qat?(s. 

a.-.  Length  about  22,  l)ill  more  than  4,  tarsus  more  than  3. 
Xninrnins  cranopns. 

29.     Numenius  phaeopus  variegatus  vScop.     Oriental 

WhimbreL 

Adult  bird  has  a  pure  white  lower  back,  but  the  immature 
birds  are  streaked  with  dusky  ;  the  crown  is  a  plain  brown  with  a 
pale  mesial  streak  ;  lower  back  much  paler  than  the  mantle. 
Length  15,  culmen  3,  wing  8,  tarsus  2.15.  Hab.  Asia.  In  migra- 
tions it  is  common  in  China,  Japan,  Burmah,  Ceylon  and  Pacific 
islands  ;   Guam  during  migrations. 


Ncf^orf  of  a   Mission   to  (iuaiii.  35 

30.  Nuttienius  cyanopus  \ieill.     Australian  Curlew. 

General  color  brown,  much  streaked  and  blotched;  coloring  of 
the  rump  uniform  with  the  back.  Length  21-24,  bill  6.8-7.2,  wing 
II. 9-12. 5,  tail  4-4.6,  tarsus  3.2-3.5.  Hab.  Breeds  in  Siberia; 
winters  in  Australia,  Borneo,  Tasmania,  and  Malay  peninsula. 

Gknus  HETBRACTITIS  vStkjxegkk. 

31.  Heteractitis  brevipes  \'ieill.    Asiatic  Wandering 

Tattler. 

Hetciactitis  birviprs,  Vieill.,  N.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Xat.,  iSi6,  VI..  p.  410. 

Tofauiii  polyiii'sia'.  Peale,  Zool.  U.  S.  Kxp.  F.xped.,  1S3S,  B.  p.  237. 

To/iD/iis  iiuaiiiis  />ir7'i/>rs,  Seeb.  Geog.  Uist.  of  Charad.,  p.  361. 

Tolaiiiis  iiirai/iis.  Wilson,  Aves  Hawaiienses,  p.  i.si  :  Hartert,  Nov.  Zool..  V.,  p.  65;  Oust..  II., 

p.  41. 
IMeiactitis  bicviprs.  Grant,  Cat.  B.  15rit.  Mus,,  XXIV.,  p.  449. 

Specimens  of  the  Wandering  Tattler  were  shot  during  the 
months  of  June  and  July.  They  were  ver}-  scarce  and  wild,  and 
consequently  hard  to  take.  Their  notes  and  habits  seemed  identi- 
cal with  the  American  form.  The  upper  coloring  of  the  male  is  a 
uniform  ashy  gray  ;  the  rump  and  tail  coverts  a  shade  lighter  gray, 
the  latter  with  indications  of  cross  markings  near  the  tips  ;  pri- 
mary quills  dusk}',  secondaries  gray  ;  tail  feathers  uniform  gray;, 
crown  brown,  with  whitish  superciliary  stripe  which  extends  to; 
and  around  the  ba.se  of  the  upper  mandible  ;  lores  dusky  ;  cheeks 
grayish  ;  throat  white.  In  specimen  No.  9524  the  sides,  under 
neck  and  breast  are  grayish,  without  cross  markings  of  any  kind  ; 
the  belty,  under  tail  coverts,  and  flanks  are  pure  white  ;  sides 
grayish.  In  No.  9525  the  under  neck,  breast,  sides,  flanks  and 
lower  belly  is  profusely  spotted  and  barred  with  dusky  gray. 
Length  10-10.50,  wing  6-6.20,  tail  2.73-2.75,  tarsus  1.16-1.17, 
culmen  i. 43-1. 45,  mid-toe  and  claw  1.16.  Hab.  From  eastern^ 
vSiberia  and  Kamchatka,  through  Japan  and  China  to  Malayan, 
archipelago,  Papuan  Islands,  Marianas  and  Australia. 

Family  CHARADRIID^.— Plovers. 

a'.  Wings  less  than  8,  plumage  without  metallic  tint,  head 
without  crest.     Genus  Charadrius. 

b'.   Axillars  black.      Charadrius  sqiiataro/a . 

b".    Axillars  smoky  gray,  or  ash  gra 3'.     Charadrius  fiilvus. 

b\   Axillars  white,  length  7.      Charadrius  iinniooliciis. 

Ghxus  charadrius  Linn 

32.  Charadrius  squatarola  (Linn. ).    Black-bellied  Plover. 

General  color  black,  upper  parts  irregularly  spotted  witli  dusky 
and  whitish,  except  on  the  forehead  and  a  line  which  is  pure  white 
to  the  sides  of  the  breast  ;    in  winter  the   lower   parts   are   white. 


36  Direclor  s  Annual  Report. 

Length  10.50-12,  bill  i.io,  wing  7.50,  tarsus  1.95,  mid -toe  and 
claw  1. 1 5.  Hab.  Northern  parts  of  the  northern  hemisphere,  south 
in  winter  to  the  Pacific  islands. 

33.  Charadrius  fulvus  Gm.  Dululi.  Asiatic  Golden  Plover. 

Charadiins  fiil-cin.  Gnielin,  Svst.  Nat.,  17SS,  I.,  p.  6S7 ;   Seebohm,  Geog.  Dist.  of  Charad.,  p.  99  ; 

Roth.schild,  Avifauna  Lav'san,  I.,  p.  11  ;  Hartert,  Nov.  Zool.,  V.,  66;  Ou.st.  II.,  p.  46. 
Ckamdr/its  dowhu'riis/iih'Hs,  RafH.,  Trans.   Linn.  Soc,   XIII.,  p.  328 ;   Ridge.  Pro.  U.  S.  Nat. 

Mus.,  18S0,  p.  19S. 
Charadrius  domirihus.  Sharp,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  XXIV.,  p.  191. 

The  Asiatic  Golden  Plover  was  common,  both  in  the  inland 
vallej-s  and  along  the  sea  shore,  all  during  the  summer  months. 
Man}^  of  the  specimens  were  fine  adults,  with  organs  in  erotic  state  ; 
the  greater  number,  however,  were  immature  birds.  I  was  in- 
formed b}'  a  resident  sportsman  that  these  birds  arrived  in  great 
flocks  during  the  fall  and  spring  months.  A  fine  series  w^as  secured. 
Seven  specimens  with  plumage  graduating  from  adult  to  immature, 
but  apparentlv  full  grown  birds,  give  the  following  measurements  : 


Museum 

Mid-toe 

.\o. 

Dale. 

Length . 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Tarsus. 

Cuiiiien. 

and  c. 

.S>.i- 

9517 

.June    9 

9..")0 

6.25 

2.42 

1.75 

.91) 

1.26 

d" 

951.S 

.Tul.v     2 

9.50 

6.60 

2.35 

1.60 

1.00 

1.25 

cf 

95111 

July     2 

9..J0 

6.31 

2..S7 

1.57 

.9S 

1.21 

d" 

9520 

July     2 

9.p() 

6.11 

2.31 

1.59 

.95 

1.27 

cf 

9521 

July     2 

9.40 

6.85 

2.31 

1.70 

.95 

1.27 

d 

9522 

July     2 

9.50 

6.27 

2.35 

1.63 

.95 

1.25 

d 

952S 

July   15 

10.25 

6.:« 

2.56 

1.75 

.92 

1.26 

<S 

General  color  above  (adult  males)  mottled  with  black,  golden 
buff  and  whitish  ;  primaries  and  secondaries  dusky,  the  shafts  of 
the  primaries  brown  followed  b}^  white  near  the  end  and  tipped 
with  dusk}' ;  a  frontal  band  and  a  distinct  eyebrow  of  w^hite,  this 
white  line  extending  down  the  sides  of  the  neck  to  the  white  on  the 
sides  of  the  body  ;  general  under  color  black,  with  a  few  feathers 
showing  buffy  or  white  ;  axillaries  smok}-  brown  ;  bill  and  feet 
dark;  tarsus  a  dusky  gray  ;  eye  dark  brown.  Hab.  (Seebohm) 
"Breeds  on  the  tundras  of  eastern  Siberia,  from  the  valley  of  the 
Yenisei  to  the  Pacific.  It  passes  through  Japan,  South  Siberia, 
and  Mongolia  on  migrations,  and  winters  in  India,  Burmah,  China, 
islands  of  the  Mala}-  archipelago,  Au.stralia,  and  the  islands  of  the 
Pacific,  east  to  New  Zealand,  west  to  Heligoland." 

34.     Charadrius  mongolicus   Pall.    Mongolian  Sand 

Dotterel. 

Charadrius  mongolicus,  Palla.s,  Zoogr.  Rosso-Asiat.,  1826,  II.,  p.  136;  Seebohm,  Geog.  Dist.  of 

charad.,  p.  147  ;  Hartert,  Nov.  Zool.,  V,,  p,  66;  Ou.st.,  II.,  p.  48. 
..-Egiatitis  mongolicus  (Pall.).  Swinhoe,  Ibis,  1S70,  p.  360. 
Ochthodromns  mongolus,  Sharp,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  XXIV.,  p.  223  ;  Hall,  Key  to  B.  Aust.,  1S99, 

p.  82. 

This  bird  w^as  ver}^  scarce  on  Guam  during  the  months  of  my 
stay  (Ma)'  and  August).  Only  one  specimen  was  seen,  which 
proved  to  be  an  adult  female.  No.  9526.     The  general  color  above 


Report  of  a   I\ fission   to   Ciiiam .  37 

is  a  worn  light  brown  with  a  slight  trace  of  olive  green  ;  there  is 
but  a  slight  trace  of  the  rufous  color  on  the  fore  breast  ;  under 
parts  white  ;  lores  dusky  ;  tarsus  dark  grayish  ;  bill  dark  ;  eye 
dark  hazel.  Length  7,  spread  of  wings  15,  wing  5.06,  tail  2.C0, 
tarsus  1.25,  mid-toe  and  claw  .95,  culnien  .63,  the  terminal  vault  .33. 
Hab.  (Seeb.)  "The  Mongolian  vSand  Plover  breeds  in  Asia  from 
eastern  Turkestan  to  the  valley  of  the  Anioor,  and  winters  on  the 
coasts  from  the  mouth  of  the  Red  Sea  to  the  islands  of  the  Malay 
archipelago  and  Australia.     Guam. 

Family  APHRI^ID^.— Surf  Birds  and  Turn- 
stones. 

Genus  ARENARIA  Brisson. 

35.     Arenaria  interpres  (Linn.).     Black  Turnstone. 

General  color  dusky,  upper  parts  varied  with  rufous  or  white, 
throat  white,  head  chiefly  white,  chest  black.  Length  9-9.90, 
wing  6,  culmen  .80-. 90.  Hab.  Cosmopolitan,  Pacific  islands  in 
winter:   accidental  on  Guam. 


Order  GALLIN.4:— Gallinaceous  Birds. 


a'.  Hind  toe  elevated,  nostrils  never  hidden  by  feathers,  tarsi 
partially  or  entirely  naked.     Family  Phasianidcr. 

b'.  Tail  feathers  8,   tarsi  without  spurs.     Genus  Excal- 
facioria . 

b".  Tail  feathers  14-16,  a  comb  and  spurs  present.     Genus 
Ga///(s. 

a'.  Hind  toe  on  a  level  with  the  others,  oil  glands  nude,  upper 
tail  coverts  not  reaching  to  the  end  of  the  tail  feathers.  Famil}- 
Mcgapodiidcc . 

C'.   No  white  on  the  basal  part  of  the  primaries,  head 
French  gra}'.     Genus  Megapodiiis. 

Genus  BXCAI^FACTORIA  Bonaparte. 

36.     Bxcalfactoria    sinensis    (Gm.).     Bing-bing.     Pigmy 

Quail. 

These  little  birds  were  introduced  from  Manila  in  1894  by 
Captain  Pedro  Duarty,   of  the  Spanish  Army,    and  .are   now   very 


-^8  Dircclors  Aim /ml  Report. 

generally  distributed  over  the  island.  Their  favorite  feeding 
grounds' seem  to  be  the  dry  rice  paddies  and  the  grassy  places  on 
the  hill  sides.  Two  specimens,  a  male  and  a  female,  and  one  set 
of  seven  eggs  were  secured.  The  size  of  this  little  quail  is  as  fol- 
lows :  Totlt  length  5,  wing  2.75,  tail  i.oo,  tarsus  .80.  culmen  .43, 
mid-toe  and  claw  .78.  The  eggs  (Fig.  i,  ^.)  are  of  an  enormous 
size  for  so  small  a  bird,  measuring  i  X  .80  ;  they  are  shaped  like  the 


BERNICF    ^      '    "■  ^""OP  r^USEUM. 


i    '    I 

5  6 


v^m 


t^ 


FIG.    I. 
(7.  Kxcalfactoria  sinensis  (Gni.).  /'.  Aplonis  kittlitzi,  F.  P.  H. 

eggs  of  the  common  quail  of  the  eastern  United  States,  and  are  of 
a  brownish  color  deeply  sprinkled  over  the  entire  surface  b)'  fine 
deeper  brown  dots.  Hab.  Philippines,  Palawan,  Borneo,  Java, 
Sumatra,  Australia  and  Guam. 

Genus  GAI,I,US  Linn. 
37.     Gallus  bankiva  (Temm.).    Jungle  Fowl. 

General  under  color  black  glossed  wnth  green  ;  mantle  orange  ; 
scapulars,  median  wing  coverts  and  lower  back  a  dark  maroon  red  ; 
■comb  emarginate  ;  a  wattle  on  each  side  of  the  throat.  Length  29, 
wing  9.5,  tail  14,  tarsus  3.1.  Hab.  Marianas,  Philippines,  Palawan, 
Celebes  Lslands  ;  also  in  India,  China,  vSiam,  Java,  and  Malay 
peninsula. 


Kcj'^oii  of  a   Mission   to   (iiiain.  39 

CxKxrs  MEGAPODIUS  Qi-ov  ^\:  (^aimard. 

38.    Megapodius  laperousi  Ouoy  ^:  (raim.    Megapode. 

Head  French  g'ra>",  mantle  and  under  parts  grayish  l)lack 
shading  into  a  dark  olive  brown  on  the  wings,  bill  and  legs  yellow, 
naked  skin  on  head  red.  Length  9.5,  wing  7,  tail  2.3,  tarsus  2. 
Hub.   Marianas  and  Pelew  Islands. 


Order  COLIMIIH-Piireons. 


a'.  Tarsus  feathered  for  more  than  half  its  length,  general  color 
green,  wings  less  than  5.19.      F'amily  Trcroiiidcc,  Fruit  Pigeons. 

b'.    Forehead  and  a  spot  at  the  base  of  the  lower  mandible 
purple-red.      Genus  Ptiliiiopiis. 

a-.  Tarsus  not  feathered  more  than  half  its  length,  wing  more 
than  5.19,  general  color  brown  or  gray.  Family  Pcristcrida\ 
Ground  Pigeons. 

C'.   General  color  brown  or  olive  bronze,  length  of  tail 
4  or  less.     Genus  Phlogiviias. 

Or .   General  color  gray,  length  of  the  tail  more  than  5. 

Genus  Turtttr. 

Genus  PTII^INOPUS  Elliot. 

39.     Ptilinopus  roseicapillus   (Less.).     Totot.     Rose- 
crowned  Fruit  Pigeon. 

Coluiiibu  I iiicicapilia.  Less..  Tr.  d'Orn.,  iS^i,  p.  472. 

Colntiiba  pnrpnratu    Kittl.  (nee.  Gm.),  Kiipfertaf,  1833,  Haft.  III.,  p.  25,  t.  XXXIII.,  f.  2. 

Ftiloftits  losricapillns.   Ost.,   Le   Natural,    iSSg,   p.   261;    Wiglesw.,   Ibis,    1SS9,   p.  5S4 ;     Id.  Aves 

I'olvnes.,  1891,  p.  4S. 
PfiliiKi'pKS  rosricapilli'i.   Hartert,  Nov.  Zool..   1S98,  V.,  p.  60;   Salvadori,  Cat.  B.  Urit.  Mus.,  XII.. 

p.  loSi. 

The  Totot,  as  the  natives  call  this  beautifully  colored  fruit 
pigeon,  is  common  on  the  island,  and  its  loud  peculiar  notes  can 
be  heard  at  almost  an}'  time  of  day  from  the  tall  trees  along  the 
roadside  or  in  the  forest,  beginning  in  a  low  tone  and  slow, 
gradually  increasing  in  volume  and  rapidity-,  and  then  dying  away 
again,  like  tot — tot—-tot--tot-tot-tot-tot-tot—tot—-tot — tot,  and  like 
most  of  the  birds  probably  gets  its  nati^'e  name  from  the  sound  it 
makes.  In  making  this  sound  they  bend  the  head  down  so  that 
the  bill  touches  the  lower  breast,  and  the  top  of  the  neck  has  the 
appearance  of  being  puffed  up.     One  kept  in  a  cage  .some  time  fre- 


40 


Dircclors  Ainuial  Report. 


Report  of  a  Mission  to   Citiam.  41 

queiitly  made  this  sound  at  night.  These  l)irds  are  much  hunted 
by  the  natives  for  food,  and  one  would  think  that  they  would  be 
very  easily  seen  because  of  their  bright  coloring.  Such,  however, 
is  not  the  case,  for  when  among  the  green  leaves  of  the  breadfruit 
trees,  which  seem  to  be  their  favorite  haunts,  their  coloring  har- 
monizes so  well  with  the  leaves  that  they  are  ver}'  difficult  to  see. 
Their  food  consists  of  wild  berries  and  fruits,  all  the  stomachs  con- 
taining seeds  of  the  Linovia  trifoliata.  The  general  color  above  is 
a  bright  green  ;  crown,  forehead,  and  spot  at  the  base  of  the  lower 
mandible  purple-red,  margined  behind  with  3-ellowish  ;  primaries 
and  secondaries  green  with  a  glossy  reflection,  the  inner  webs 
purplish,  the  secondaries  margined  with  a  slight  line  of  yellowish  ; 
wing  coverts  green,  the  greater  coverts  margined  with  yellowish  ; 
scapulars  purplish,  margined  with  yellowish  green ;  chin  and 
throat  a  yellowish  white  ;  sides  of  head  and  neck  grayish  green  ; 
breast  greenish,  with  the  feathers  tipped  with  pearly  gray  ;  a  bright 
purple  patch  on  the  middle  of  lower  breast,  surrounded  by  a  zone 
of  greenish  and  orange  ;  bell}'  orange,  greenish  along  the  sides  ; 
vent  and  tip  of  feathers  on  thigh  j^ellowish  ;  under  tail  coverts  yel- 
lowish orange  ;  upper  tail  feathers  green,  wnth  a  broad  yellowish 
gray  distal  band  margined  narrowly  with  yellow  ;  under  coloring 
of  wings  and  tail  gray,  the  tail  feathers  showing  white  markings 
on  the  inner  webs  near  the  end  ;  under  wing  coverts  gra}'  with  a 
slight  mingling  of  green  ;  bill  a  pea  green  ;  feet  and  tarsus  a  dark 
gray  with  a  tint  of  purplish  ;  iris  gold  yellow.  I  find  no  difference 
in  the  coloring  of  the  sexes.  Six  .specimens  selected  at  random 
give  the  following  measurements: — 


Museum 

Mid-toe 

No. 

Date. 

Length . 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Tarsus. 

Culmeti. 

and  c. 

Sex. 

948S 

May  29 

9.00 

.-).00 

2.94 

1.00 

..55 

1.19 

d 

94S9 

.Tune    1 

9.00 

.■).14 

:i.00 

.96 

.m 

1.14 

? 

9495 

.hil.v   11 

9.O.") 

4.92 

H.OO 

1.03 

.50 

1.06 

d" 

9496 

.Tiilv   11 

9.00 

4.90 

:!.00 

1.00 

.50 

1.15 

d 

9497 

.July   20 

.S.9.") 

.5.00 

.•{.00 

1.03 

.50 

1.16 

9 

949s 

.Inly   20 

4.00 

2.90 

1.00 

.T.") 

.57 

1.16 

fledg-l. 

The  spread  of  the  wdngs  from  tip  to  tip  is  about  15.25,  and  the 
depth  of  the  bill  at  the  nostrils  is  about  .17.  The  immature,  No. 
9498,  has  no  red  on  the  head  or  crown  ;  general  upper  coloring 
green  with  the  feathers  edged  with  yellowish  ;  no  dark  spot  on  the 
breast ;  feathers  of  the  belly  yellowish  ;  bill  grayish  ;  feet  fle.sh  color 
with  a  tint  of  pink  ;  eye  light  hazel. 

Two  nests,  each  containing  one  egg,  were  found.  These 
were  crude  flat  .strucflures,  construdled  of  twigs  about  the  size  of 
a  knitting  needle,  very  loosely  put  together  and  placed  on  the  top 
of  a  small  branch  of  the  Triphasia  aiirantiola,  eight  or  ten  feet 
from  the  ground,  and  how  the  egg  is  kept  from  rolling  out  when 
the  wind  blows  is  more  than  I  can  understand.  (See  Fig.  2.)  The 
eggs  are  pure  white  and  look  like  the  eggs  of  the  domestic  pigeon. 
Their  size  was  i  .31 X  .85  and  i  .12X  .80.    Hab.  Guam,  Saipan,  Rota. 


,2  Dircclor  s  Annual  Report. 

This  bird  is  somewhat  similar  to  P.  ponapcnsis,  from  Pouape, 
but  the  latter  has  more  lilac  on  the  crown  and  no  red  at  the  base  of 
the  lower  mandible  ;  it  is  also  lighter  gray  on  the  neck,  and  the 
band  on  the  tail  is  yellowish  in  Ponape  specimens. 

Genus  PHI/OGOENAS  Reichenbach. 

40.    Phlogoenas  xanthonura  (Temm).     Poloman  kanau. 
White-headed  Pigeon. 

Cvluinba  pumpnsaii.  Ouov  6t  Gaim.,  Voy.  Uraii.  Zool.,  1S24,  p.  121,  pi.  30. 

Coliuiiba  XiUitliiDiura.  Teniin.,  PI.  Col.  190  (liv.  32,  1S23). 

Peiiitera  iTvlliroptcrci  (part),  Cass.,  U.  S.  Exp.  Ex.  Birds,  1853,  p.  277. 

Phli'fcoenas'panipusa)i .  Cat.  Brit.  Mus.,  1893,  XX.,  p.  602;  Wiglesw.,  Aves.  Polynes.,  p.  53. 

Plilegooias  xauthovHia,  Hartert,  Nov.  Zool.,  189S,  V.,  p.  60. 

These  pigeons  are  common  all  over  the  island.  Sixteen  speci- 
mens were  secured, — 6  adult  males,  i  immature  male,  8  females, 
and  I  fledgling.  The  adult  males  have  the  forehead,  cheeks, 
superciliary  region,  throat  and  brea.st  pure  white  ;  crown,  back  of 
neck  and  ear  coverts  a  ru.sty  rufous.  In  fully  adult  breeding  birds 
there  is  a  slight  wash  of  buff  on  the  nape,  as  in  No.  951 1  ;  remain- 
der of  upper  parts  olive  bronze  ;  anterior  part  of  mantle  and  the 
wing  coverts  with  a  rich  lUvStre  of  purple-violet ;  primaries  brown  ; 
quills  dark  ;  mid-tail  feathers  brown,  the  lateral  one  grayish  black 
with  a  broad  sub-terminal  band  of  black  ;  belly  and  under  tail 
coverts  brown,  with  some  of  the  feathers  slightly  tipped  with  rufous  ; 
feet  brown,  wdth  a  slight  pinkish  tint ;  bill  dark  ;  eye  dark  hazel. 
The  adult  female  (type  of  Coliunba  pampiisan)  has  no  white  color- 
ing at  all,  the  entire  body  being  a  uniform  rufous  brown  with  a 
distinct  olive  lustre  on  the  back  ;  forehead,  crown  and  nape  cin- 
namon ;  feathers  of  wing  coverts  and  belly  edged  with  rufous  ;  tail 
rufous,  with  a  broad  sub-apical  black  band  which  is  not  so  dis- 
tinct on  the  two  central  feathers  ;  feet  brown  ;  eye  dark  hazel ;  bill 
a  brownish  flesh  color.  The  immature  males  have  a  number  of 
dirty  white  feathers  appearing  on  the  breast  and  throat ;  sides,  top 
of  head  and  neck  deep  brown,  with  an  intermingling  of  a  few 
rufous  feathers  ;  the  lesser  and  middle  wing  coverts  with  the  splen- 
did purple- violet  coloring  of  the  adult  male.  No.  9505  ;  the  feathers 
of  the  middle  wing  coverts  are  tipped  with  rufous  ;  bill  dusky, 
with  a  slight  greenish  cast ;  feet  brown,  with  a  pinkish  tint ;  eyes 
dark  hazel. 

These  pigeons  seem  to  prefer  the  deep  jungle,  from  whence 
their  deep  low  moan,  like  the  sound  of  a  man  dying  in  great  dis- 
tress, comes  with  a  wierd  uncanny  effect,  heightened  bv  the  gloom 
and  darkness  of  the  unknown  forest.  This  sound,  which  always 
seems  to  come  from  a  long  distance,  is  very  misleading,  and  one  is 
considerably  surprised  to  find  he  is  perhaps  within  a  few  feet  of  the 
bird.  Their  food  consists  chiefly  of  the  fruit  of  the  lyemonceti 
{Triphasia  ati7'antiola)  and   a  small  berry,  called  by  the  natives 


Report  of  a   Missio)i  to   (i/(aiii.  43 

Tintan-china,  one  of  the  Ink-berries,  a  species  of  Privet.  Both 
of  these  are  found  in  abundance  all  over  the  island.  vSix  typical 
specimens  give  the  following  measurements: — 


A/iii,inii 

Mnl-/o,- 

.\i>. 

7^,ih: 

J.rii,Kili. 

irni,-:. 

■/'ail. 

7'cirs/is. 

(  ii/iiirii . 

amir.        .SVm 

!t50H 

.luiic     4 

11.110 

(>.00 

4.00 

1  .•-'."> 

.".'> 

1.«-'             d 

;)50.-) 

.luiie  11 

KI.Md 

:■>.■);") 

■>.7."> 

1  .:i(> 

.IIS 

1..5U    juv.cf 

!)50«; 

Jiliio  1:! 

11.1)0 

:").!».') 

:!.so 

l..">0 

.7.") 

1.2.-.             V 

Sola 

.luiic  l:! 

10.0.") 

r>.(i2 

.■'..'.Mi 

1 .2."i 

.71 

1.23             r< 

!I50S 

.Tune  1:! 

!».".") 

.■).:«) 

:!..")0 

1 .4:! 

.li:.' 

1.2.-.     in  v.? 

ICIO 

.Turn'  1.") 

'.t.7."> 

.-i.T.l 

:',..")0 

1  .iTi 

.ti.") 

1.:;7             V 

It  will  be  seen  by  this  that  the  female  is  slightly  smaller  than 
the  male.     Hab.   Marianas. 

Genus  TURTUR  Selby. 

41.     Turtur  dussumieri  (Temm.).     Paloman  halum-tano. 

Pigeon. 

Oiliiniha  dusiinii/t'ii.  Temin.,  PI.  Col.  iSS  (liv.  32,  1^23),  Manila. 
Ciilombe  i/iissuiiiit'i;  Quoy  &  Gaiiii.,  Voy.  Uran.  Zool.,  1S24,  I.,  p.  35. 

Turtxiv  diisiumifii.   Salvadori,   Cat.    Brit.    Mus.   B.,  XXI..   p.  423:    Wiglcsw..  Aves   Pol.,  p.  34; 
Hartert,  Nov.  Zool.,  V.,  p.  60. 

These  birds  were  probably  introduced  at  an  earl)-  date  from 
Manila,  and  they  are  now  (June,  1900)  the  most  abundant  Cohunbcr 
on  the  island.  They  are  esteemed  b^'  the  natives  as  an  article 
of  food,  and  are  consequently  hunted  a  great  deal.  Hab.  N.  E. 
Borneo,  Philippines,  Marianas.  Three  specimens  were  secured, — 
one  male  and  two  females.     Their  measurements  were  as  follows: 

Mid-toe 

ihiicii.     and  c.  Sex. 

.70            1.4.S  cf 

.70            1..S7  ? 

.K\-l  1.80  cf 


Order  RAPTOKES.- Birds  of  Prey. 

a' .  Without  facial  disk  of  radiating  feathers,  toes  not  feathered, 
plumage  compact.      Family  Falcouido'. 

a-.  With  a  facial  disk  of  radiating  feathers  surrounding  the 
eye,  toes  feathered,  cere  more  or  less  hidden  by  bristles,  plumage 
soft  and  fluffy.      Family  Bubonidcc . 

Family  FALCONID.i^.— Hawks,  Falcons,  Etc. 

a'.  Culmen  greater  than  half  the  length  of  the  middle  toe 
without  claw.     Genus  Astiir. 

a.-.  Culmen  measured  from  margin  of  cere  le.ss  than  half  the 
length  of  the  middle  toe  without  claw.     Genus  Accipiter. 


Miisni  III 

No. 

Dale. 

Length . 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Tl 

Mill 

9499 

June    .s 

12.00 

6. HO 

.->.(;o 

] 

1.00 

9.500 

.lune    .s 

11.2.-. 

fi.OO 

(i.OO 

] 

1.00 

9.".01 

.Jnne  14 

12.00 

().:w 

.-..12 

] 

1.00 

44  Dircclor  s  Annual  Report. 

Genus  ASTUR  Lacep. 

42.     Astur  sharpi  Oust.     Sharp's  Hawk. 

One  specimen  of  this  species  was  brought  back  by  the  Astro- 
labe expedition,  but  it  may  not  have  been  from  the  Marianas.  I 
made  special  efforts  to  find  this  hawk,  but  without  success.  It  prob- 
ably is  not  found  on  Guam.     Hab.   Marianas(?). 

Genus  ACCIPITBR  Brisson. 

43.     Accipiter  nisoides  Blyth.    Variegated  Hawk. 

One  specimen  of  this  species  was  taken  on  Guam  by  Mr.  Ous- 
ton's  Japanese  colle(ftors.  No  rufous  collar,  ear  coverts  gra}',  no 
white  spot  on  the  central  tail  feathers,  breast  rufous.  Length  1 1 , 
culmen  .75,  wing  6.6,  tail  5.1,  tarsus  1.9.  Female  is  slightly  larger. 
Hab.  Eastern  Asia,  Indo-Malayan  sub-region,  Northern  China, 
Papuan  Islands  ;   incidentally  on  Guam. 

Family  BUBONID^.— Horned  Owls. 

Wings  more  than  10,  cere  equal  to  the  chord  of  the  culmen, 
ear  openings  very  large.     Genus  Asio. 

Genus  ASIO  Brisson. 

44.    Asio  accipitrinus  (Pall.).    Short-eared  Owl. 

It  is  very  doubtful  if  there  has  ever  been  an  owl  taken  on  the 
Marianas.     It  is  not  found  on  Guam.     (See  Nov.  ZooL,  V.,  p.  51.) 


Order  COCCYGES.— Kingfishers,  Etc. 

a'.  Bill  with  rounded  or  slightly  flattened  culmen,  third  toe 
united  with  the  fourth  for  more  than  half  its  length,  the  second 
united  to  the  third  for  its  basal  third,  bill  not  .serrated,  caeca  none. 
Family  Alccdinidcr. 

b'.  Tail  longer  than  bill,  with  a  more  or  less  distinct 
groove  along  the  sides  of  the  culmen,  bill  compressed.  Genus 
Halcyon . 

C'.  Head  white,  flanks  pure  white,  a  band  of  green 
behind  the  eye  and  around  nape.     Halcyon  albicilla. 

C-.  Head  cinnamon,  the  colorings  of  the  under  surface 
also  cinnamon,  except  in  the  female,  which  has  white  on  the  under 
parts.     Halcyon  cinnamominus. 


Report  of  a  Mission  to  (iiiam.  45 

Genus  HALCYON  Swains. 

45.     Halcyon  albicilla  Dumont. 

General  color  above  a  bright  blue  ;  under  surface,  whole  of 
head  and  neck  white  ;  from  behind  the  eye  above  the  ear  coverts 
runs  a  streak  of  blue.  Length  11,  culmen  2.3,  wing  4.9,  tail  3.1, 
tarsus  .07.  Female  similar  in  color.  Hab.  New  Guinea,  vSolomon 
Islands,  Louisiades,  Saipan  ;  not  on  Guam. 

46.     Halcyon  cinnamominus  vSwains.     Sehig. 

Dacelo  nificeps,  Cuv.,  Gal.  du  Mus.,  Less.  d'Orn.,  1831,  p.  247. 

Alcedo  nijiceps,  Cuv.,  Pucher,  kev.  &  Mag.  Zool.,  1853,  p.  387.    (Mariana.s  ;  gli'idi  china  »:i,})iniu 

Swains.) 
Halcyon  cinnamomiiius,  Kitisch.,  Jour.  Mus.  Godff.,  1S76,  XII.,  p.  20;  Sharp,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  B., 

XVII.,  p.  259. 
Halcyjn  rnfigularis.  Sharp,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.,  XVII.,  p.  260. 

These  birds  are  very  common  near  the  native  ranch  houses 
and  the  villages.  Thej^  are  especially  noticeable  becau.se  of  the 
loud  and  disagreeable  noise  which  they  are  constantly  making, 
both  night  and  da}'.  Thej-  are  especially  abundant  near  the  city  of 
Agaiia,  and  their  noisy  kaa-kaa-kaa-kaa  frequenth'  aroused  me 
from  sleep  at  the  unconventional  hours  of  two  and  three  o'clock  in 
the  morning.  I  was  informed  that  Governor  L,eary  was  so  ex- 
asperated by  these  disturbers  of  the  night  that  he  ordered  a  squad 
of  native  soldiers  out  to  kill  off  all  near  the  palace,  but  judging 
from  the  noise  still  to  be  heard  the  attempt  was  not  an  entire  suc- 
cess. The  birds  make  this  noise  ju-st  as  they  fly  up,  seeming 
to  think  it  an  essential  part  of  the  proceedings.  Even  if  the  dis- 
tance to  fly  is  only  two  feet  it  must  be  proclaimed  by  this  jangling 
kaa-kaa,  w^hich  is  almost  as  unpleasant  a  sound  as  the  braying  of 
an  a.ss.  Sehig,  as  the  natives  call  this  bird,  has  a  bad  reputation 
as  a  chicken  thief.  I  rather  doubted  his  ability'  in  this  line  until 
one  da}'  I  acftualh'  saw  him  attack  a  brood  of  small  chicks  quite 
near  me,  and  he  would  have  undoubtedly  secured  one  had  not  the 
mother  hen  rushed  to  the  rescue.  The  chief  food  of  this  species 
seems  to  be,  however,  lizards  and  grasshoppers.  I  have  seen  them 
catch  a  lizard  and  then,  fl3'ing  into  a  tree,  by  a  dexterous  shake  of 
their  big  bill  hammer  the  victim  against  the  limb  of  the  tree  until 
its  life  was  extinct,  after  which  they  would  proceed  very  leisurely 
to  devour  it,  and  then  go  to  sleep.  After  eating,  these  birds  are 
very  loath  to  fly,  and  will  allow  one  to  approach  within  a  step  or 
two  of  them.  The  breadfruit  tree  is  their  favorite  resting  place. 
Six  specimens  were  secured,  three  adult  males  and  three  adult 
females.  The  adult  males  have  the  mantle  greenish  blue  ;  rump 
and  upper  tail  coverts  a  slight  degree  lighter  than  the  mantle  ; 
wings  bluer  than  mantle,  the  quills  blackish,  more  or  less  blue  on 
the  outer  webs,  the  first  primary  with  only  a  faint  trace  of  bluish  ; 


46  DircHor' s  Annual  Rcpori . 

tail  feathers  blue  ;  head,  hind  neck  and  entire  tinder  surface  of 
bod}-  a  uniform  cinnamon  ;  ear  coverts  are  long  tufts  of  dusky 
feathers  with  a  tint  of  greenish  blue  ;  a  dusky  band  extending  from 
ear  coverts  entirely  around  the  back  of  the  head,  forming  a  nuchal 
band  ;  eye  dark  hazel  ;  bill  a  dark  horn,  except  posterior  third  of 
lower  mandible  which  is  light.  The  adult  female  (type  of  Halcyon 
rufi^iilaris.  Sharp)  is  similarly  colored,  but  has  only  the  throat, 
head,  chest  and  thighs,  cinnamon  ;  the  breast,  belly,  sides  of  body, 
under  wing  coverts  and  under  tail  coverts  white.  In  some  speci- 
mens there  is  a  slight  mixture  of  cinnamon  on  the  upper  tail  coverts, 
and  also  a  faint  buffy  tint  on  the  sides.  The  cinnamon  color  of  the 
females  is  not  quite  so  bright  as  on  the  males.  The  measurements 
of  the  specimens  taken  were  as  follows: — 


Afiisr2i»i 

M id -toe 

A'o. 

Pal. 

L,-ngt/i . 

Wmg. 

Tail. 

Tarsn^. 

Cidnifii . 

iuidc. 

Sex 

'.m5 

M  a.v 

:iO 

it.  00 

4.:!0 

:!.00 

.75 

1.07 

1.00 

d 

!l.54(; 

May 

:!U 

10.00 

4.00 

■a:i\ 

.75 

1.07 

1.00 

d 

;i.-.47 

Mnv 

30 

9.75 

.■).00 

■IMW 

.07 

1.."lS 

1.70 

d 

'.t.-|4.s 

Mav 

.■!(l 

10.00 

r..i.s 

.'i.L'.") 

.00 

l.M 

l.HO 

9 

'.li-,4!l 

May 

:{0 

10.."iO 

4.00 

:!.L's 

.0:.' 

l.()7 

1.60 

2 

'.l.-..",(J 

.llllic 

4 

10.00 

4.00 

:!.oo 

.07 

1 .  .")7 

1.00 

9 

The  extent  of  the  wing  is  about  14.50  ;   the  depth  of  the  bill  at 
the  no.strils  is  about  .57.     //ad.   I.sland  of  Guam. 


Order  MACK0CHIR1:S.-Swifts,  Goatsuckers,  Etc. 


a'.  Tarsi  and  toes  naked,  tail  slightly  forked,  color  dusky. 
Family  Cypsdidcc . 

b".   vShafts  of  the  rec5lrices  ordinary  and  without  spinous 
points.      Genus  Collocalia ,  Gray. 

47.     Collocalia  fuciphaga  (Thunb.).   Jajaguag.    Swift. 

HniDidd  Tciiiii-oivi/iis,  yuoy  &  Gaiin.,  Voy.  A.strolabe,  Zool..  1S30,  I.,  p.  206. 

Collocalia  funphaira.   Cat.   B.   Brit.   M\i.s.,'  XVI.,  p.  499;    Ou.st.,' I.,  p.  187;    Hartt-rt,   Nov.  Zool. 

v.,  p.  .53. 

The.se  birds  are  quite  common,  especially  over  the  grassy  hills, 
where  they  could  be  coiLstantly  seen  hawking  about  for  insedls. 
I  never  have  seen  them  alight.  Many  caves  on  the  island  were 
searched  in  the  hope  of  finding  the  nests  and  eggs,  but  I  was  un- 
successful, although  the  birds  doubtless  ne.st  on  the  island  in  large 
numbers.  The  upper  surface  is  a  sooty  brown  with  a  slight  glo.ss  ; 
the  head  is  uniform  with  the  coloring  of  the  mantle,  with  a  little 
deeper  gloss  ;  the  wings  and  tail  are  darker  ;   the  under  surface  is 


Rtpoit  of  a   Mission   fo   (iiiaiii.  ^7 

brownish  gray  ;  there  is  a  small  spot  of  grayish  in  front  of  the  eye  ; 
bill  and  feet  dusky  ;  eyes  dark  hazel.  The  four  specimens  secured 
measured  as  follows: — 


Mi,.s.i, 

;// 

Ml, !-/«,■ 

.\,K 

Dalr. 

/., 

niMt/i 

ll'iiiK- 

Tail. 

r. 

Ill  s Hi. 

Ciihiiiii. 

and  r. 

.Vm- 

!t52!) 

.June     1 

4.17 

4. is 

•-'.Oil 

.4:! 

.17 

.:ll 

-r 

!tr):HI 

.hi  no    (i 

4.00 

4.1'.-> 

I'.Od 

.:!l 

.17 

.-S 

9 

Slf):!! 

.liilv    10 

l.lL' 

4.:!(; 

L'.OO 

.41' 

.IS 

iinri'J 

.Inly    17 

1,(1(1 

4.:i:! 

L'.Oil 

.41' 

.IS 

The  spread  of  the  wing  is  about  lo,  and  the  depth  of  the  bill 
at  nostrils  is  .06.  Hab.  The  islands  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
north  to  the  Philippines,  Western  Himalayas  to  the  Nilgherries, 
Ceylon  and  the  Seychelles  in  the  west,  islands  of  Santa  Cruz  and 
Duke  of  York,  vSumatra,  Borneo  and  Marianas. 


Order  P.ASSERES.-Perchina  Birds. 


a'.  Bill  broadened,  fiat,  with  reclal  bristles  at  ba.se.  Family 
Mtiscicapidcc ,  Fly-catchers . 

b'.  Tail  longer  than  wings.     Genus  Rhipidura . 
b'.   Wings  longer  than  tail,  bill  equal  to  hind  toe  without 
claw.     Genus  Myiagra. 

a'.  Bill  like  that  of  a  thrush,  wings  rounded  and  short — not 
more  than  3.30,  general  color  an  olive  brown.  Family  Timeliidce, 
Babbling  Thrushes. 

C'.  Tail  of  12  feathers,  the  outside  one  le.ss  than  .25 
shorter  than  the  longest,  a  minute  bastard  primarw  Genus  Acro- 
irphalus. 

a\   Bill  moderate,  or  very  slightly  hooked  at  tip. 

d".  Nasal  feathers  erect  or  inclined  backward, 
bill  conical  and  elongate,  hind  claw  stronger  than  claw  of  middle 
toe.     Family  Sturiiidcc,  Starlings. 

e'.   Color  black,  length  about  9.50,  immature 
streaked  with  yellowish.     Genus  Aplonis. 

d".  Nasal  feathers  directed  forward,  bill  .strong 
and  curved,  wing  more  than  4.     Family  Corvidcr,  Crows. 

e-.   Black,  length  about  15.     Genus  Corviis. 
d^.   Nasal  openings  in  long  soft  grooves,  tongue 
brush  tipped.      Family  Meliphagido',  Honey-eaters. 

e\   General  color  red.      Q,&\\\\.'A  MyzoDula . 
e^.   General  color  yellow. 

f '.  Eye  with  white  ring.   Genus  Zosiorops. 
f-.  Eye  without  ring.     Genus  ClcpfoDiis _ 


^8  DireHof  s  Annual  Report. 

Genus  RHIPIDURA  Vigors  &  Horsford. 

a'.  "Bases  of  all  the  tail  feathers,  rump  and  upper  tail  coverts 
rufous,  length  4.94."     Rhipidura  saipanensis. 

a^  Bases  of  the  tail  feathers,  rump  and  upper  tail  coverts  a 
bright  rufous,  length  5.50-6.25.     Rhipidura   uranicc. 

48.     Rhipidura  saipanensis  Hart. 

Mr.  Hartert,  in  Nov.  Zool.,  1898,  V.,  p.  54,  describes  the 
Rhipidura  from  the  island  of  Saipan  as  a  new  species.  I  have  no 
specimens  from  Saipan,  but  in  description  they  are  charadterized 
as  having  the  base  of  recftrices  rufous  ;  rump  and  upper  tail  coverts 
rufous  ;  sides  of  abdomen  rufous;  ear  coverts,  line  under  eye,  and 
lores  black  ;  all  of  which  is  most  certainly  true  of  the  R.  uranice, 
which  I  now  have  before  me.  These  were  taken  on  the  island 
of  Guam  during  the  months  of  June,  July  and  August,  1900. 
The  measurement  of  R.  saipane7isis  is  given  as  (male):  "Length 
151mm.,  wing  69mm.,  tail  80mm.,  bill  8mm.,  tarsus  19mm. 
Hab.   Island  of  vSaipan,  Marianas." 

49.    Rhipidura  uranise  Oust.     Chirita.    Fan-tailed  Fly- 
catcher. 

Rhipidura    uianicr,   Oustalet,  Bui.   Soc.   Philoin  de  Paris,  V.,  p.  75  :    Wiglesw.,  Aves  Polynes., 
1891,  p.  20. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  little  birds  on  the  island, 
and  they  were  so  abundant  that  it  was  quite  unusual  to  walk  half 
a  mile  along  the  road  without  seeing  at  least  a  pair  of  them,  or 
hearing  their  sweet  little  song  which  consists  of  about  six  low 
musical  notes.  It  also  makes  a  peculiar  charring  sound  to  warn 
people  away  from  its  nest.  The  following  account  was  written  in 
the  field  as  I  watched  the  bird  and  is  copied  from  my  field  notes 
of  June  28  : 

"vSeated  in  the  brush  waiting  to  hear  the  warble  of  Ga-kalison, 
'The  Dweller  among  the  Reeds'  {A.  lucinia)^  I  have  a  good  oppor- 
tunity to  watch  and  compare  the  notes  and  habits  of  the  two  Guam 
fiy-catchers,  R.  tiranice  and  M.  freycineti,  which  are  now  feeding 
within  six  feet  of  me.  Ur-anicE  is  extremely  adtive,  and  as  com- 
pared to  it  the  movements  of  Firycineti  are  very  slow  and  clums}'. 
I'ranicc  has  the  most  astonishing  way  of  whirling  around  and 
alighting  just  the  other  end  on  from  what  one  expects.  In  this 
instance  it  was  as  polite  as  a  Spaniard,  and  always  faced  towards 
me,  spreading  its  beautiful  fan-like  tail  and  making  a  low  chirping 
note.  Not  so  the  Freycincti ,  who  looked  me  over  critically,  elevated 
his  head  crest,  and  giving  his  tail  an  odd  little  twerk,  proceeded  to 
hop  deliberately  up  the  limb  like  a  sap-sucker,  bus}-  at  work  look- 


Report  of   a   Mission  to   (iitaiii.  49 

int;-  tor  breakfast.  However,  I  saw  him  catch  a  few  inse(5ls  011  the 
wiiii;-,  his  wide  curious  looking  bill  closing  with  a  loud  snap. 
I'rauiir  caught  most  of  his  breakfast  on  the  wing,  darting  about 
the  ])u.shes  in  a  way  that  made  me  suspect  he  was  showing  off,  and 
putting  the  more  clumsv  Freycincti  in  as  bad  a  light  as  possible. 
I  was  not  fooled,  however,  for  with  such  a  fine  rudder  as  his  tail 
makes  it  is  but  natural  that  he  should  be  able  to  change  his  course 
rapidly.  Sometimes  he  .seemed  to  whirl  about  merely  for  the  fun 
of  whirling." 

Three  adult  males,  three  adult  females,  a  young  bird  about 
readv  to  flv,  and  a  nest  were  taken.    The  adults  mea.sured  as  follows: 


M  lis,- mil 

Mid-toe 

\,>. 

l\itc. 

Lenath . 

/r/;/s,'. 

Tail. 

Tars/ts. 

C/i/ii/rii. 

and  c. 

Se.x 

1147(1 

.\Iav   :!0 

%:lh 

:.'.(>s 

:i.si 

.NT 

.4:1 

..")0 

d 

!t471 

May   30 

(i.OO 

L'.Sl 

3.00 

..s:! 

.4:1 

.  ■">•> 

d 

•.)4-2 

.Tune    1 

X^M 

:3..")0 

2.75 

..su 

.41 

..511 

? 

!I47:^ 

.Tune    « 

.'i.HO 

•.'.»;■-' 

2..S2 

.84 

.41' 

.50 

d 

9474 

•Tnl.v     (! 

5..50 

L'.(!5 

2.75 

.80 

.8>.l 

.5(i 

f»47.") 

.Tuly     il 

5.50 

•i..m 

2.75 

.SO 

.45 

..">() 

? 

The  spread  of  the  wings  is  about  7.75,  the  depth  of  the  bill  at 
no.strils  is  about  .12.  The  adult  birds  on  the  upper  surface  are  an 
ochraceous  brown,  becoming  a  bright  rufous  on  the  rump  ;  upper 
tail  coverts  and  bases  of  redlrices  are  a  bright  rufous  ;  the  tail 
feathers,  which  are  exceptional!}'  wide  and  long  for  such  a  small 
bird,  are  a  shining  du.sky  brown,  almost  black  ;  primaries  and 
secondaries  are  a  soft  brown,  slightly  darker  than  the  mantle — the 
outer  webs  are  slightly  fringed  with  red  ;  under  surface  of  wing  a 
lighter  brown.  No.  9472  has  the  greater  and  middle  wing  coverts 
tipped  with  rufous,  thus  forming  two  rufous  bands  on  the  wings  ; 
but  in  the  other  specimens  these  bands  are  very  indistinct,  or  en- 
tirely worn  off  ;  forehead  a  bright  rufous,  slightly  dusky  around 
base  of  upper  mandible  ;  the  bright  rufous  of  the  forehead  merging 
into  the  ochraceous  brown  on  the  crown  ;  the  feathers  of  the  crown 
with  dusky  centres.  In  my  series  the  females  do  not  .show  the 
dusky  centres  to  these  crown  feathers,  although  the  bases  of  the 
feathers  are  dusk}-  as  in  the  male.  I  doubt,  however,  if  this  differ- 
ence would  hold  good  in  a  large  series,  and  apart  from  this  slight 
point  I  find  the  sexes  identical.  Throat  and  under  neck  black,  the 
feathers  assuming  white  tips  on  the  breast ;  hind  brea,st  and  belly 
white,  with  rufous  tint ;  sides,  flanks,  thighs  and  under  tail  coverts 
rufous  ;  chin  grayish  white,  with  a  whitish  irregular  line  extend- 
ing from  the  base  of  the  gonys  down  the  sides  of  the  throat ;  other- 
wise, cheeks,  lores  and  ear  coverts  dusky  ;  eye  dark  hazel  ;  feet 
dark  brown  ;  bill  dusky,  except  on  the  gonys,  which  are  grayish. 
The  nestliTig  secured  has  the  upper  surface  thickly  covered  with 
filmy  feathers  of  a  soft  rufous  brown  ;  under  parts  grayish  with 
rufous  tint.     Hab.   Island  of  Guam. 

The  ne.st  is  very  interesting,  neatly  and  very  compactly  woven 
in  and  out  with  fine  vegetable  fibre  ;    the  outside  is  covered  with 

O.  p.  B.  p.  B.  M.— Vol.  I.,  No.  ?,. 


50 


Dircclor  s  Annual  RcpOTt . 


a  fine  padding  of  material  resembling  the  paper  fibre  made  by 
wasps.  The  nest  has  a  very  curious  projection  of  fibres  extend- 
ing from  the  bottom.  This  pretty  little  structure  is  usually  built 
in'^the  Mapuna  tree,  where  a  number  of  branches  converge  some 
ten  or  twenty  feet  from  the  ground.  Inside  the  nest  measures 
1. 53X1.50,  while  its  depth  is  .85  ;  outside  it  measures  i. 83X1.85, 
with  a  depth  of  2.50.      (  Fig.  3. ) 


FIG. 


KHII'IDURA    URANIA,     OU.ST. 


Genus  MYIAGRA  \'ig()RS  <S:  Horsfield. 

50.     Myiagra   freycineti   Oust.     Chigunguan.     De  Frey- 
cinet's  Fly-catcher. 

Mxiiiiiia  ft  eye  i net  i.  Oust..  lUil.  Soc.  I'hilom.,  iS8i  (7),  V.,  p.  73;  Id..  Naturaliste,  1889.  p.  260; 
Wigle.sw..  Aves  Polvnts..  ]j.  24  ;  Harttrt.  On  the  Bird.s  of  the  Mariana  I.slaiids,  Nov.  Zool., 
v.,  p.  54. 

The  little  De  Freycinet's  Fly-catcher  is  connnon  in  all  parts  of 
the  island.  Upon  first  hearing  the  notes  of  this  bird  I  thought 
surelv  a  Bush-tit,   l>y  some   strange   accident,    had   arrived  on  the 


Report  of  a   Mission   to   (.in  a  in.  51 

island,  the  clear- whistled  call  of  Peter-Peter-Peter  seemed  so  un- 
mistakable. Sometimes  he  varies  this  call  by  whistling  three 
Here- Here- Here,  followed  l)y  the  first  call.  They  have  a  habit  of 
erecting  the  beautiful  metallic-blue  feathers  of  the  head  as  a  crest 
when  they  are  alarmed.  The  general  color  above  is  a  blue-purple, 
with  a  bluish  sheen,  head  with  a  deeper,  more  metallic  reflection  of 
bluish,  this  color  extending  over  cheeks,  ear  coverts,  nape  and 
sides  of  neck,  meeting  the  white  under  coloring  of  the  chin  and 
throat  in  a  sharp  line  from  gape  to  shoulders  ;  a  slight  tint  of  buffy 
on  the  lower  throat  and  fore  breast ;  remainder  of  under  parts 
white  ;  primaries,  secondaries,  and  tail  feathers  gra>',  with  a  bluish 
tint,  lighter  below ;  upper  wing  coverts  and  upper  tail  coverts 
uniform  with  coloring  of  the  mantle  ;  all  the  tail  feathers  minutely 
tipped  with  white  (this  marking  is  worn  off  in  some  of  the  speci- 
mens before  me);  bill  dark  blue;  feet  and  tarsus  dark,  with  a 
bluish  cast ;  eyes  dark  hazel ;  thighs  bluish  gray  ;  flanks  and  sides 
of  body  bluish  gra}',  with  the  feathers  tipped  with  white.  So  far 
as  shown  by  my  series  of  ten  specimens  the  adult  males  and  females 
are  exac?th'  alike,  with  a  possible  exception  of  a  little  more  of  the 
rufous  coloring  on  the  throat  and  fore  breast  of  the  female.  In 
No.  9484,  an  adult  male,  this  coloring  is  confined  to  a  faint  trace  of 
buffy  on  the  lower  throat  and  fore  breast,  while  in  No.  9486,  a  breed- 
ing female,  the  coloring  of  the  fore  breast  and  throat  is  a  bright 
rufous  as  in  the  immature  of  both  sexes.  No.  9485,  a  male  with 
the  testes  fully  developed  and  erotic,  has  the  usual  purple-blue 
upper  coloring  of  the  adult  males,  while  the  entire  throat,  sides  of 
neck  and  breast  are  a  bright  rufous  ;  there  is  also  a  slight  mixture 
of  rufous  among  the  white  feathers  of  the  abdomen.  Thus  the 
specimen  is  a  typical  adult  above,  and  immature  below.  Six  speci- 
mens, selected  at  random,  give  the  following  measurements: — 


Museum 

.Mid-toe 

Xo. 

Date. 

Length 

11  his. 

Tail. 

Taisui. 

Culiiieii. 

and  c. 

Ser. 

947S 

May  29 

.-..50 

2.49 

2.31 

.81 

.55 

.51 

im.ff 

9482 

.June    9 

.^.25 

2.7.5 

2.25 

.75 

.56 

.55 

? 

948.3 

.June  26 

.5.50 

2.68 

2..31 

.75 

.55 

.60 

9 

94S4 

June  26 

h.oO 

2.81 

2.37 

J4 

..52 

.(i2 

_f 

948.0 

.Tune  26 

.-).65 

2.68 

2.37 

.75 

..56 

.60 

d-(Note 

9480 

.July   20 

.■>.70 

2.75 

2.36 

.75 

..56 

..55 

? 

The  spread  of  the  wings  is  about  8.50,  while  the  depth  of  the 
bill  at  the  nostrils  is  .15. 

The  immature  are  easily  di.stingv.ished  by  the  ochraceous 
brown  coloring  of  the  mantle,  and  by  the  greater  extent  of  the 
bright  rufous  of  the  under  parts,  which  with  the  exception  of  a 
small  white  space  on  the  middle  of  the  belly  and  the  white  under  tail 
coverts  is  entirely  rufous,  brightest  on  the  sides  of  the  fore  breast, 
paler  on  the  chin  and  sides  ;  there  is  a  slight  rufous  coloring  on  the 
forehead  and  on  the  upper  tail  coverts.  The  color  of  the  crown  is 
not  such  a  bright  metallic  blue  as  in  the  adult  ;  the  wing  and  tail 
feathers  are  a   brown  on   the    upper  surface,    lighter  below  ;  the 


52 


Direclor  s  Annual  Report. 


edges  of  the  webs  are  more  or  less  rufous  or  buffy,  according  to  the 
age  of  the  specimen  ;  wing  coverts  brown,  more  or  less  edged  with 
rufous  ;  bill  and  feet  dark,  with  bluish  cast. 

The  nest  and  ^%%  of  this  species  were  secured  for  me  by  a 
Chamorro  lad.  This  particular  nest  is  quite  interesting  from  the 
fact  it  has  a  ring  of  wax,  from  the  breadfruit  tree,  around  the  top, 
by  which  means  the  boy  had  endeavored  to  take  the  old  bird.     The 


FIG.  4.       MVIACxRA    FRP:YCIXETI,    OUST. 

inside  measurements  are  1.35X  1.75  and  .75  in  depth  ;  outside  2X2 
and  depth  1.75.  (Fig.  4.)  It  contained  two  eggs,  brownish  cream 
in  color,  zoned  near  the  larger  end  with  cinereous  spots  and  small 
irregular  blotches  ;  size.70X.50.     Hab.   Guam. 


Genus  ACROCEPHAI^US  Naumann. 

a'.  Tail  feathers  without  dusky  cross  bars,  upper  surface  uni- 
'form  brown.     Acrocepha/us  svr/n.v. 

Br.  Tail  feathers  with  diisky  cross  bars,  upper  coloring  olive 
■brown.      Acroccplialus  lucinia. 


Report  of  a   Mission   to   Guam.  53 

51.     Acrocephalus  syrinx  KittI, 

Mr.  March  found  this  species  011   Pagan  Island,  where  it  was" 
probably  accidental.      General  color  above  uniform  ruddy  brown, 
under  surface   }ellowisli   white.      Length   6.8,    wing   3,    tail   2.50, 
cuhnen  .95-1,  tarsus  1.05.     I/ab.   Isle  of  Ponape,  Carolines. 

52.     Acrocephalus  luscinia  (Quoy  &  Gaim.).     Ga-kaliso. 

Reed  Warbler. 

'J'/nyot/ioi  IIS  iiisrimis.  Qiioy  6t  Gaim.,  Voy.  A.strolabe,  1830,  I.,  p.  202. 
AcniCi'phaliis  »iaiian>iir,  Tri.st.,  Ibis,  1S83,  p.  45. 

7'aliiiY  /iisiiiiu!,  Ou.st.,  Nouv.  Arch.  Mus.  Ili.st.  Nat.,  Ser.  III..  Vol.  VIII.,  p.  209. 
.ti  lorr/i/m/iis  luscinia,  Hartert,  Nov.  Zool.,  V..  p.  57. 

This  bird  is  now  quite  scarce,  and  I  predict  will  soon  become 
extinct  on  the  island  of  Guam.  It  lives  exclusively  among  the 
reedy  swamps,  and  these  swamps  are  now  being  drained  to  make 
room  for  the  Chinamen's  rice  paddies.  Ga-kaliso,  "The  Dweller 
Among  the  Reeds,"  as  this  name  signifies,  is  the  most  beautiful 
singer  in  all  the  islands.  Pearly  in  the  morning  usually,  from 
among  the  tall  reeds  his  liquid  sweet  song  can  be  heard,  the  notes 
rising  and  falling  in  happy  cadence,  reminding  one  very  much  of 
the  Mocking  Bird  of  the  .southern  United  States.  These  birds  are 
very  hard  to  distinguish  in  the  field  as  they  are  so  nearly  the  color 
of  the  reeds,  the  only  way  to  locate  them  being  by  their  melodious 
voices.  This  made  the  shooting  of  them  a  hard  task,  for  to  kill  a 
bird  w'ith  so  sweet  a  voice  made  one  feel  as  if  he  were  committing  a 
great  crime.  Four  specimens  were  taken.  Their  stomachs  con- 
tained the  remains  of  a  great  many  insecfts  and  larvae.  I  frequently 
watched  them  feeding  among  the  reeds.  Three  of  these  birds  were 
males,  and  one  female.     Their  measurements  are  as  follows: — 


''iiseum 

]\ruUor 

Ao. 

Date. 

L 

ength . 

Wing. 

Tail. 

r 

aisHS. 

L 

11  line  II. 

and  c. 

Sex 

9.541 

June    1 

8.50 

:j.2:5 

3.00 

1.19 

1.2.5 

1 .00 

d 

9.542 

June  2t> 

8.12 

:i.:57 

3.00 

1.20 

1.25 

1.(15 

cf 

9o4:! 

July     9 

8.. 50 

:i.:w 

2.62 

1.1.5 

l.ls 

i.ot; 

9 

9.544 

July     9 

X.20 

:J.1N 

2.tjS 

l.is 

I.IN 

1.U3 

The  spread  of  the  wings  is  about  10.25,  the  depth  of  the  bill  at 
the  nostrils  is  about  .18.  The  general  coloring  above  is  a  uniform 
olive  brown,  with  a  slight  rufous  tint  ;  the  primaries  are  a  darker 
brown  than  the  mantle.  In  No.  9542,  an  adult  male  in  fine  breed- 
ing plumage,  the  tail  being  darker  than  the  mantle  ;  wdiile  in  the 
other  specimens  it  is  not.  The  tail  and  wing  feathers,  if  held  in  a 
certain  light,  show  slight  cross  bands  ;  rump  more  or  less  yellowish, 
much  brighter  in  the  females  and  young  males  ;  a  yellow  super- 
ciliary line  and  lores  ;  the  entire  under  surface  is  yellowish  ;  thighs 
rufous  ;  sides  of  body  and  flanks  rufous  and  gra}'  ;  bill  brown  above, 
yellowish  below  ;  feet  and  tarsus  brownish  gra}'  ;  eye  dark  hazel. 
The  females  and  the  young  are  colored  almost  alike  and  are  char- 
acterized by  the  more  rufous  coloring  in  general  ;  the  rufous  outer 
webs  to  the  primaries  and  the  very  dark  color  of  the  inner  second- 


54  Dhrclors  Annual  Report. 

ary  ;  this  latter  charadler  much  more  distinct  in  the  female  than  in 
the  young  males  ;  the  feathers  of  the  thighs  are  also  much  brighter 
rufous  in  the  females.  The  general  under  coloring  of  the  feathers 
in  this  species  is  a  dark  gray,  so  that  the  outer  coloring  of  the 
feathers  depends  largely  upon  how  much  of  the  brownish  or  yellow- 
ish tip  is  worn  off.  This  is  well  illustrated  by  No.  9541,  an  old 
male  with  the  plumage  so  worn  as  to  give  the  bird  the  appearance 
of  being  gray,  with  rufous  tint.     Hah.   Guam,  Saipan. 

53.     Aplonis  kittlitzi  F.  &  Har.     Sali.     Starling. 

Cah)i  iiii  kittUIzi,  Fiuscli.  &  Hartl.,  Fauna  Central  I'olvn.,  1S67,  p.  109. 
Aploiiii,  kiltlilzi.  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  XIII.,  p.  1.^6. 

This  bird  is  common  on  the  island  of  Guam.  In  color  and 
actions  they  very  much  resemble  the  blackbird  of  the  eastern 
United  States.  They  are  noisy  and  quarrelsome,  especially  when 
there  are  any  of  the  young  birds  about.  Their  food  seems  to  con- 
sist chiefly  of  the  fruit  of  the  wild  papaya.  They  build  their  nests 
in  the  hollow  of  a  tree,  usually  choosing  the  dead  trunk  of  a  coco- 
nut for  this  purpose,  and  laying  four,  sometimes  three  eggs. 
Fourteen  specimens  of  this  species  were  taken.  The  immature 
bird,  with  its  streaked  breast,  might  be  easily  mistaken  for  a  dis- 
tinct species.  The  adult  bird,  both  the  male  and  female,  is  a 
uniform  black  all  over  the  body,  with  a  slight  greenish  sheen  to 
the  feathers  ;  bill,  feet  and  tarsus  black  ;  the  shafts  of  the  wing 
feathers  and  the  recftrices  are  black  on  the  upper  surface,  white  on 
the  sides,  and  brownish  below  ;  this  is  especially  noticeable  on  the 
tail  feathers  and  the  secondary  wing  feathers  ;  under  surface  of 
wings  and  tail  dusky,  but  not  quite  so  dark  as  the  body;  eyes  golden 
3'ellow.  Length  9.25-9.75,  wing  4.56-5.00,  tail  3.17-3.60,  tarsus 
1. 25-1. 37,  culnien  .93-. 87,  mid-toe  and  claw  1.19-1.20   Hab.  Guam. 


Jiaruni 

A  fid-toe 

.\o. 

Date. 

Loigt/i . 

u;„.s-. 

Tail. 

Tanm. 

CiiiDieii. 

and  c. 

Sex 

•■Mn 

May   24 

9.. 50 

5.00 

8.:!7 

1.H7 

.9H 

1.25 

d 

!»r)53 

May   24 

9.00 

4..5fi 

H.60 

1.25 

.9H 

1.19 

? 

9554 

May  .-W 

9.7.5 

5.00 

H.HI 

1.27 

.SI 

1.19 

d" 

0555 

May  HO 

9.50 

4.67 

H.17 

l.HO 

.S7 

1.20 

? 

5)5.56 

May  HO 

9.25 

4.62 

H.25 

1.25 

,Wi 

1.14 

? 

9557 

May   .-SO 

9.50 

4.50 

2..S5 

1.17 

.!S7 

1.17 

juv.? 

955.S 

Julv     :; 

S..50 

4.60 

2.. 50 

1.17 

.85 

1.26 

juv.  cf 

9559 

.July   n 

9.50 

4.75 

H.25 

1.25 

.86 

l.HO 

juv.cT 

95(i(» 

.Inly   11 

9.00 

4.62 

2.6H 

1.12 

.86 

1.30 

juv. 9 

9.5(11 

.Inly   11 

9.00 

4..50 

H.OO 

1.25 

.S6 

1.10 

juv.  9 

The  immature  of  this  bird  has  the  upper  surface  dusky,  but 
not  so  dark  as  in  the  adult ;  there  is  also  a  greenish  sheen  to  the 
feathers  on  the  upper  surface  ;  the  upper  sides  of  the  rump  have 
more  or  less  of  a  mingling  of  bright  buffy  ;  the  entire  under  surface 
has  a  streaked  appearance,  caused  by  the  feathers  having  dusky 
greenish  centres,  with  margins  of  buffy  white  ;  this  streaking  is 
very  fine  on  the  chin  and  throat,  broader  on  the  breast  and  belly. 
Still  younger  specimens  have  le.ss  of  buffy  on  the  breast  and  throat  ; 
bill  and  feet  dusky  ;  eye  yellow.     No.  9562,  a  big  nestling,  almost 


Report  of  a   J//ss/oj/  to  (it(aiii.  55 

ready  for  flight,  has  the  u]iper  surface  black  without  the  greeuish 
sheen  ;  the  leathers  of  the  throat  are  dusky  without  the  buff  color- 
ing ;  the  breast  is  a  dirt.\-  buff  and  dusky  ;  the  belly  is  chiefly  a 
dirty  buff;  bill  dark,  with  a  little  lighter  shade  on  the  lower  man- 
dible ;  feet,  wings  and  tail  dark  ;  eyes  brownish.  No.  9563,  w^hicli 
is  just  assuming  the  first  plumage,  has  fine  black  feathers  emerg- 
ing from  their  sheaths,  the  back  has  acquired  a  fair  degree  of 
plumage,  but  the  brea.st  and  belly  are  still  bare,  with  a  fringe  of 
dirty  buffy  feathers  along  the  sides.  When  first  hatched  the  young 
are  entirely  naked.  The  eggs  (Fig.  i,/'.)  are  pale  green,  with 
brown  irregular  spots  about  .15  in  diameter  scattered  sparsely  over 
the  entire  egg,  being  most  abundant  on  the  larger  end.  These  eggs 
measured  1 .27-r.i5X  .95-. <S5.     Hab.   Marianas. 

54.     Corvus  kubaryi  Rchw.     Aga.     Kubary's  Crow. 

CoiTits  solilaints,  Kittl.,  Reise.  1.S5S,  II.,  p.  [43. 

Coroiw  philippiua,  Wiglesw.,  Aves  Polynes.,  p.  46. 

Corvus  kiibarvi,  Rchw.,  Journ.  f.  Orn.,"i885,  p.  no;  Hartert,  Nov.  Zool.,  V.,  p.  .sg. 

This  species  is  common  in  the  jungles,  where  they  soon  attract 
attention  by  their  noise.  They  are  not  at  all  wild,  so  I  was  able  to 
approach  quite  near,  and  ob.serve  them  carefully.  I  did  not  discover 
any  new  tricks — they  pulled  up  the  newly  planted  corn  of  the  native 
in  the  same  old  way  and  with  apparent  satisfaction.  They  have  the 
reputation  of  plundering  the  ne.sts  of  the  smaller  birds  in  order  to  eat 
the  eggs  and  young,  and  they  do  not  seem  to  sound  the  .same 
straightforward  Caw,  Caw  of  our  American  crow,  for  they  have  a 
sort  of  Polynesian  twist  to  their  tongue  which  makes  them  very 
hard  to  understand,  and  sounds  like  Qu  a  a  Ou  a  a.  Five  specimens 
were  .secured,  but  owing  to  an  accident  four  of  them  were  destroyed. 
The  remaining  specimen,  No.  9487,  an  adult  female,  is  a  deep 
black  all  over,  including  bill,  feet  and  tarsus.  There  is  a  fine 
bluish  black  .sheen  or  gloss  to  the  feathers  of  the  mantle,  wings  and 
tail  :  head  a  .shiny  black  without  a  noticeable  blue  gloss  ;  under 
parts  a  dead  black  color  ;  the  under  color  of  the  feathers  all  over 
the  body  is  white  or  light  gray  ;  so  if  the  outer  half  or  two-thirds 
of  the  feathers  were  worn  off  we  would  have  a  white  crow.  Length 
15.00,  .spread  of  wings  26.00,  wing  9.50,  tail  6.12,  tarsus  2.00,  cul- 
men  1.80,  mid-toe  and  claw  2.     Eye  dark  hazel.     Hab.   Guam. 

GENU.S  MY^OMEI/A  FiNSCH. 
55,  My^omela  rubratra  (Less.).  Egigi.  Red  Honey-eater. 

Ciuiivrts  rubratr)-.  Less.,  Vov.  Coq.  Zool.,  1S26,  p.  67S. 

Myz'omela  rubratra.  Finsch.'jourti.  Godeffrov  Mus.,  XII.,  p.  26:  Oust.,  I.,  p.  197;  Hartert.  Nov. 
Zool.,  v.,  p.  55;  Id..  VI.,  p.  2;  Gadow,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  IX..  p.  129. 

The  beautiful  little  red  and  black  Egigi,  as  the  natives  call 
this  Honey-eater,  is  probably  the  most  abundant  bird  on  Guam. 
They  are  quite  fearless  and  are  frequently  to  be  seen  in  the  gardens 
of  the  villages,  the  tall  coconut  palms  being,  however,  their  favor- 


56 


DircHof  s  Annual  Report. 


Report  of  a   Mission   to  liuani.  57 

ite  resorts,  where  they  can  always  be  seen  feeding  among  the 
blossoms,  doubtless  attracted  by  the  insedls  as  well  as  by  the  honey 
and  pollen.  Their  .stomachs  were  filled  with  insects,  many  also 
containing  traces  of  the  coconut  honey  and  pollen.  Their  size, 
color  and  adtions  remind  one  ver\'  much  of  the  Apapane  (  Himationc 
sanguinea)  of  Hawaii.  They  have  a  sweet  little  song  of  some 
eight  or  ten  notes,  usually  to  be  heard  about  sunrise.  A  series  of 
twenty-one  specimens  was  secured,  also  a  number  of  nests  and  eggs. 
The  adult  female  of  this  bird  is  well  described  by  Mr.  Hartert  in 
Nov.  Zool.,  v.,  p.  55,  but  in  Id.,  VI.,  he  makes  the  statement, 
"The  adult  female  differs  from  the  male  only  in  the  smaller  size," 
which  is  probably  an  error,  as  No.  9551  (Bishop  Museum),  a  sex- 
ually adult  female,  as  shown  by  the  organs  (See  carcass  No.  1502), 
is  much  lighter  in  color,  as  well  as  smaller  in  size.  However,  they 
may  breed  before  they  are  fully  adult.  The  juvenile  males  are 
usually  darker  than  the  adult  females.  Six  specimens  selected  at 
random  give  the  following  measurements: — 


J\/llSl'U  III 

Mid-toe 

Xo. 

Date. 

Length. 

JVing. 

Tail. 

Tarsus. 

Ciihnrn. 

and  c. 

Sex 

94.51 

May   24 

0.00 

2.50 

l.fix 

.70 

.04 

.62 

9 

94.i9 

May   28 

h.m 

2.75 

2.00 

.NO 

.04 

.70 

im.cf 

i>45(> 

.lune    .5 

5.7.5 

2.90 

2.12 

.S4 

.OS 

.70 

d" 

'.t4.57 

.June    7 

5..50 

2..SS 

2.0« 

.Nt! 

.OS 

.75 

J 

9461 

June  27 

5.50 

2.75 

2.00 

.Si 

.OS 

.70 

im.cT 

9467 

July   19 

5.00 

2.75 

l.NO 

.7s 

.02 

.70 

? 

The  adult  male  has  the  head,  neck,  breast,  back,  rump,  upper 
tail  coverts,  sides  and  the  anterior  part  of  the  belly  scarlet ;  wings, 
wing  coverts,  tail,  under  tail  coverts,  lower  belly,  flanks,  thighs, 
.shoulders  and  under  wing  coverts  blackish  brown  ;  lores  dusky. 
The  under  coloring  of  the  feathers  is  dark  gray,  almost  black  where 
it  meets  the  scarlet  outer  tip  of  the  feather  ;  feet  and  tarsus  dark  ; 
ej-e  dark  hazel.  The  sexually  adult  female  has  the  shoulders,  wings, 
tail,  belly,  sides  and  thighs  olive  brown.  The  scarlet  coloring  on  the 
remainder  of  the  body,  head  and  neck  is  not  so  bright  or  so  thick 
as  in  the  adult  male.  They  are  smaller  in  size  than  the  adult 
males.  The  immature  males  are  very  much  like  the  females,  but 
are  usually  a  little  darker  in  color  and  larger  in  size.  The  young, 
Nos.  9466  and  9467,  are  olive  brown  above,  yellowi.sh  on  under 
parts,  washed  with  red  on  the  sides  of  the  fore  breast  and  back  ;  bill 
dark,  yellowish  on  the  base  of  lower  mandible  ;   feet  and  iris  dark. 

The  nests  were  neat  little  cup-like  structures  of  small  rootlets, 
fibre  of  plants,  and  wild  cotton.  (  Fig.  5. )  The  internal  size,  2  X  i  .95 
and  1.25  deep;  external,  2X3  and  2  deep.  They  were  usually 
placed  among  the  outer  branches  of  the  wild  orange,  or  Kaman- 
cheti  trees,  eight  to  fifteen  feet  from  the  ground.  There  are  usu- 
ally two  eggs  in  each  ne.st.  These  eggs  are  white,  marked  with 
brownish  dots  and  splotches  which  are  especially  thick  on  the 
larger  end  of  the  &^^.  Size  .75X.57.  Hah.  Caroline  Islands, 
Pelew  and  Marianas  Islands. 


\ 

58  Direclor's  Annual  Report. 

Gexus  ^OSTEROPS  \'igors  &  Horsfield. 

a'.  General  color  abo\e  a  dull  >ello\vish  olive,  length  3.8. 
Zostcrops  scmpcri . 

a.-.  General  color  above  olive  green,  length  4.25.  Zostciops 
conspicillata . 

56.     ^osterops  semperi  Hartl.  &  Finsch.    ^osterops. 

General  color  above  dull  yellowish  olive,  scarcely  brighter  on 
the  rump  and  upper  tail  coverts  ;  crown  like  the  back  ;  in  front  of 
eye  a  du.sky  spot,  and  below  the  eye  a  line  of  dusky.  Length  3.8, 
wing  2.2,  culmen  .45,  tail  1.33,  tarsus  .7.  Hab.  Pelew  Islands, 
ea.st  and  central  Carolines.     Rota,  according  to  Oustalet. 

57.     ^osterops  conspicillata  Gray.     Nossac. 

Dicffuni  roHipHillalio}!.  Kittl.,  Kupf.  Vov..  1S32,  PI.  19,  Fig    i. 

Zostnops  co)iipicillu/a.  Gray.   Gen.   B.  I.',   1848,  p.  198:  Gray,  Cat.  B.  Trop.  I.sl.  Pacific  O..  1S59. 
p.  16:  Gadow.  Cat.  B.  Brit.  JIus.,  1SS4.  IX..  p.  iS.^. 

The  little  Nossacs  are  one  of  the  common  species  of  birds  on 
Guam.  They  seem  to  be  of  a  social  nature  and  are  usually  seen  in 
flocks  of  from  ten  to  twenty.  Their  favorite  feeding  grounds  seem 
to  be  the  small  Lemonceti  bu.shes  {Linovia  trifoliata)  that  grow  by 
the  roadside,  and  in  fact  in  the  wa.ste  places  all  over  the  island. 
They  hop  about  on  the  branches,  fir.st  on  one  side  and  then  on  the 
other,  keenly  on  the  lookout  for  insecfts,  which  form  the  principal 
part  of  their  food.  In  habits  and  flight  they  remind  one  very  much 
of  the  goldfinch,  but  their  note,  .sounded  iisuall}^  as  they  fly,  is 
something  like  that  of  the  English  sparrow,  bitt  not  so  loud  or  un- 
pleasant. Twelve  specimens  were  taken,  all  but  one  of  which  were 
females.  One  nestling  and  three  nests  and  eggs  were  .secured. 
The  measurements  of  half  the  specimens,  selected  at  random,  are 
given  below: — 


Mmi'iim 

Mid-toe 

Nu. 

Date. 

Length . 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Ta. 

isn.^. 

Cut  men. 

and  c. 

Sex. 

!).56(i 

Ma.v   24 

4..50 

2.19 

1..52 

.si 

.44 

.62 

5 

9.571 

June    7 

4.2.5 

2.1K 

1.5(> 

.Ml 

.47 

..5s 

5 

!).-)70 

June    1 

4.25 

2.:!0 

1  ..5(1 

.'.IN 

.47 

.5s 

d" 

SI574 

June  28 

4.21 

2.12 

1..5(l 

.78 

.4N 

..59 

? 

9.57.5 

June  19 

4.25 

2.1.5 

1..5(i 

.SO 

.44 

.62 

? 

9.57fi 

July   21 

n.dO 

1..51) 

..5(; 

.SI) 

.S5 

.<i2 

juv.- 

The  spread  of  wing  is  about  6.75,  and  the  depth  of  the  bill  at 
nostrils  is  about  .13.  The  general  color  above  is  olive  green  vary- 
ing to  dull  grayi.sh  olive,  as  in  No.  9567  ;  eyes  with  a  ring  of  white, 
bordered  below  b}-  a  narrow  dusky  line  which  merges  into  the 
brownish  gray  of  the  hind  cheeks  and  ear  coverts  ;  there  is  ahso  a 
line  of  white  extending  from  this  eye  ring  to  the  base  and  around 
the  upper  mandible  ;  throat  and  fore  neck  yellowish  white,  becom- 
ing a  brighter  yellowi.sh  on  the  breast  and  bellj- ;  hind  cheeks,  ear 
coverts  and   sides  of  neck   grayish,    with  a  slight  shade  of  olive 


Report  of  a    Mission   to   (iiiaiii. 


59 


6o  Direclor  s  Animal  Report. 

green  ;  sides  of  body  yellowish,  with  a  tint  of  olive  green  ;  under 
tail  coverts  ranging  from  bright  yellow  to  buffy  ;  wing  coverts 
uniform  with  the  coloring  of  the  mantle  ;  under  w'mg  coverts  and 
edge  of  inner  webs  of  secondaries  white  ;  primaries  brown,  with 
the  edge  of  outer  webs  olive  green,  except  in  the  first  primary, 
which  is  a  dark  brown;  tail  feathers  olive  green  above,  grayish 
below  ;  upper  tail  coverts  a  shade  brighter  olive  green  than  the 
mantle.  The  under  color  of  the  feathers  all  over  the  body  is  gray, 
so  the  shade  of  coloring  on  the  bird  depends  largely  upon  how 
much  of  the  outer  tips  of  the  feathers  is  worn  off ;  bill  is  dusky 
above,  light  below  ;  eye  a  light  hazel  ;  feet  are  grayish  with  a  very 
slight  tint  of  greenish.  Length  4.21-4.50,  wing  2.12-2.30,  tail 
1. 50-1. 56,  tarsus  .78-. 81,  culmen  .44-. 48,  mid-toe  and  claw  .58-. 62, 
the  depth  of  the  bill  at  nostrils  is  about  .12,  and  the  spread  of  wings 
is  about  6.50.  The  immature,  No.  9576,  just  able  to  fly,  with  beak 
still  soft,  and  total  length  of  body  but  three  inches,  has  the  coloring 
uniform  with  the  adult.  The  bill,  however,  is  yellownsh,  and  the 
feet  and  tarsi  are  a  raw  umber  tint,  the  eyes  are  light  hazel.  The 
coloring  of  the  belly  is  even  a  shade  brighter  yellow  than  in  the 
adult.  The  nestlings,  not  yet  able  to  fly,  show  the  olive  green 
coloring  on  the  back,  and  buffy  on  the  under  parts  ;  quills  bluish  ; 
bill  and  feet  yellowish. 

The  nests  are  beautiful  little  strucftures,  usually  built  in  the 
Ingadulus  tree  and  well  hidden  among  the  leaves.  Its  size  inter- 
nally is  1.90X  1.65  and  i  in  depth,  while  externally  it  is  2.95X2.19 
and  1.75  in  depth.  It  is  constrvufted  of  fine  fibres  and  grass,  the 
outside  being  covered  with  green  moss,  which  renders  it  almOvSt 
indistinguishable  from  below.  The  nest  is  usually  placed  far  out 
where  several  branches  come  together  some  distance  from  the 
ground.  The  eggs  (Fig.  6),  of  which  there  are  usually  two  in 
each  nest,  are  white  with  a  slight  tint  of  blue,  and  shaped  like  the 
eggs  of  a  robin,  measuring  about  .63X.50.     Hab.   Guam. 

Genus  CLEPTORNIS  Oustalet. 
58.     Cleptornis  marchei  Oust.     Yellow  Honey-eater. 

General  color  a  deep  golden  yellow  ;  back,  rump,  wings  and 
tail  olive  yellow.  Length  of  wing,  as  given  by  Hartert  (  Nov.  Zool., 
v.,  p.  56),  76-80 mm.;  bill  ochraceous  ;  iris  burnt  umber  ;  feet  and 
legs  orange  ochraceous.     Hab.   Island  of  Saipan,  Marianas. 


Report   of  a  Mission  to   Giiavi.  6 1 


Part  II.— FISHES. 


P'lSii  forms  a  very  important  part  of  the  food  of  the  people  of 
Guam.  There  are  no  fish  markets,  however,  the  entire  catch  being 
divided  up  among  those  who  take  part  in  the  fishing.  The  natives 
have  quite  a  large  number  of  pens,  traps  and  nets.  Several  large 
seines  of  moderate  mesh  were  .seen  in  use.  But  the  favorite  way 
of  fishing  seemed  to  be  with  the  small  circular  net,  which  is  thrown 
by  the  fisherman  as  he  walks  along  the  beach. 

It  is  recorded'  that  in  former  times  "the  natives  caught  and 
dried  great  quantities  of  fish,"  a  grand  fishing  fiesta  being  held  at 
certain  seasons  of  the  year.  The  method  employed  on  these  occa- 
sions being  the  poisoning  of  the  fishes  by  using  the  juice  of  a  native 
tree  {Barringtonia  speciosa) .  The  Spanish  authorities,  however, 
finding  that  this  was  depleting  the  waters,  by  killing  young  as  well 
as  old,  abolished  this  method  in  1894.  When  the  Americans  took 
possession  the  law  was  considered  obsolete.  By  chance  I  was  pres- 
ent at  the  first  of  these  fishing  fiestas  that  had  taken  place  for  seven 
years.  Fully  seven  hundred  people  took  part  in  the  fishing.  An 
immense  deep  pool,  several  hundred  feet  across,  a  short  distance 
inside  the  reef,  was  surrounded  by  a  line  of  seines.  At  low  tide 
about  one  barrel  of  this  poisonous  juice  was  poured  into  the  pool. 
The  effect  was  almost  instantaneous  ;  hundreds  of  fishes  came 
gasping  and  .struggling  to  the  top  of  the  water  where  they  were 
captured  and  killed  by  the  natives.  No  ill  effect  seemed  to  follow 
the  eating  of  these  poisoned  fi.sh.  Thousands  of  small  fishes  were 
killed,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  our  Government  will  put  a  stop  to  this 
wholesale  destruction  of  fishes. 

In  the  arrangement  and  measurement  of  species  in  the  follow- 
ing paper  I  have  followed  Jordan  &  Evermann,  in  their  work  on 
"The  Fishes  of  North  and  Middle  America."  I  wish  to  express 
my  obligations  to  Prof.  Wm.  T.  Brigham,  Direcftor  of  the  Bernice 
Pauahi  Bishop  Museum,  for  many  valuable  suggestions  and  kindly 
assistance.  Many  thanks  are  also  due  Dr.  David  Starr  Jordan  for 
looking  over  and  supplying  corrections  to  ni}'  MS. 

'  Government  Archives.  Guam. 


62  Direclor  s  Aiinual  Report. 

Family  OPHICHTHYDID^.— Snake  Eels. 

Genus  OPKICTHUS  Thunbekg  &  Ahl. 

43.     Ophicthus  colubrinus  (Ahl). 

Head  9  into  distance  ironi  snout  to  vent ;  cleft  of  mouth  of 
median  width  ;  lips  fringed.  Teeth  in  jaws  and  on  vomer  obtuse, 
with  rounded  crowns,  in  2  rows  ;  dorsal  fin  commencing  in  front  of 
gill  openings;  pectorals  rudimentary.  Color  in  spirits  :  Grayish, 
with  about  35  brownish  rings  over  back  and  sides  ;  the  older  speci- 
mens have  round  spots  in  the  interspaces  between  the  rings,  or  the 
rings  mav  become  more  or  less  broken  up  into  roundish  spots. 
Two  specimens  6-13  inches.  Guam,  June  2,  1900.  Hab.  Red  Sea, 
Andaman  to  Malay  Archipelago,  Marianas. 

Family  MUR^NID^.— ^Iorays. 

Genus  MTJR.^NA  (Aktedi)   Linn.^jus. 

44.     Mursena  nigra  Day. 

Head  about  4.50  into  the  distance  from  tip  of  snout  to  anal 
opening.  Body  elongate  ;  the  trunk  and  tail  of  about  equal  length  ; 
Teeth  biserial  ;  mandible  with  about  20  teeth  on  each  side  ;  dorsal 
and  anal  moderately  developed.  Color  in  spirits:  Uniform  black,  no 
light  edge  to  fins.  One  specimen  in  poor  condition.  Length  8.50 
inches.  Guam,  July  14,  1900.  Hab.  Andamans,  Western  Pacific, 
Marianas. 

45.     Mursena  tile  Ham. 

Young:  Hefid  about  6  times  from  tip  of  snout  to  anal  opening; 
the  tail  and  trunk  of  about  equal  length.  Body  elongate.  Teeth 
pointed  ;  eye  2  into  snout.  Color  in  spirits  :  Brownish  yellow, 
slightl\'  lighter  below.  Two  specimens.  Length  about  4  inches. 
Guam,  June  2,  1900.  Hab.  Seas  of  Bengal  to  Malay  Archipelago, 
Marianas. 

Genus  ECHIDNA  Forstek. 

46-48.     Bchidna  uniformis  sp.  nov. 

Head,  from  gill  openings  to  tip  of  snout,  3.20  into  length  an- 
terior of  vent ;  snout  5.20  into  head.  Body  elongate,  cylindrical; 
branchial  openings  small  ;  tail  much  longer  than  trunk  ;  nostrils 
lateral.  Teeth  blunt,  in  double  rows  in  jaws  and  on  the  palate  ; 
dorsal  beginning  about  the  length  of  head  posterior  of  the  gill 
openings  ;  the  anal  beginning  just  posterior  of  vent.  Color  in  life: 
A  uniform  yellowish  white,  with  a  slight  tint  of  pea  green.      Speci- 


Report  of  a    Mission   to   (iiiai)i.  63 

mens  fade  but  little  in  sinrits.  Three  sjieciniens.  Length  6-S 
inches.  (Uiani,  June  2,  1900.  //oIk  (iuani.  No.  47,  B.P.B.M., 
is  the  type  of  species. 

Family  BI/OPID^.— T.\rpons. 

GexLS    MEGAIyOPS    I.ACEPEDK. 

49.     Megalops  cyprinoides  (Brouss). 

Head  3.66;  depth  4.50:  eye  3;  interorbital  5;  maxillary 
1.66,  equal  in  length  to  mandibles;  D.  11  18;  A.  11  22;  P.  15; 
scales  5-35-5,  maxillary  extending  to  posterior  of  eye  ;  branchi- 
ostegals  25  ;  tubes  of  lateral  line  branched.  Body  oblong  and  com- 
pressed ;  mouth  oblique,  lower  jaw  prominent  ;  a  thin  plate  of  bone 
attached  to  symphysis  of  the  mandible  of  lower  jaw  and  extending 
back  between  rami.  Teeth  villiform  in  jaws,  on  tongue,  vomer, 
palatine  and  pterygoid  bones.  Fins  :  One  dorsal  fin  with  the  pos- 
terior ray  greatly  elongate — greater  than  length  of  head  ;  the  dorsal 
situated  above  the  ventrals,  which  are  abdominal ;  base  of  dorsal 
1.50  into  base  of  anal;  caudal  well  forked;  peclorals  very  low, 
their  length  1.33  into  head.  Color  in  spirits:  Silvery,  darker 
above,  with  slight  wash  of  bluish  green  ;  margins  of  fins  more  or 
less  dusky.  One  specimen.  Length  8  inches.  Guam,  July  14, 
1900.     Hab.   China,  Polynesia,  vSeas  of  India,  Ceylon,  Marianas. 

Family  SYNODONTID^.— Lizard-fishes. 

Genus  SYNODUS  (Gronow)  Block  &  Schneider. 

50.     Synodus  variegatus  (Ouoy&Gaim.) 

Head  3.50;  depth  5.50;  eye  7;  interorbital  about  equal  to 
eye;  mandible  1.33  into  head;  snout  4;  D.  12;  A.  9;  scales  about 
65  in  lateral  line.  A  small  adipose  fin  without  rays.  Body  sub- 
cylindrical,  slightly  elongate  ;  interorbital  space  concave;  gill  open- 
ings very  wide.  Teeth  sharp,  direcfted  back,  numerous  in  jaws, 
tongue,  palatine — those  on  palatine  in  a  single  row.  Fins:  Caudal, 
forked  ;  dorsal  fin  slightly  longer  than  high  ;  tip  of  ventrals  on  a 
line  with  posterior  base  of  dorsal ;  pecflorals  very  short,  2.50  into 
head  ;  the  series  of  scales  on  the  tail  are  not  keeled.  Color  in 
spirits:  Grayish  above,  white  below  ;  about  10  wide  greenish  bands 
over  the  back  down  on  sides  to  below  the  axis  ;  vertical  fins  with 
brown  dots  forming  streaks  ;  head  more  or  less  mottled  with  green- 
ish, with  3  or  4  greenish  splotches  along  sides  of  jaws,  and  3  spots 
on  under  rami  of  jaws.  One  specimen.  Length  5  inches.  Guam, 
July  13,  1900.     Hah.   Indian  and  Pacific  oceans,  Marianas. 


64  Director's  Annual  Report. 

Family  BSOCID^.— Needle-fishes. 

Genus  TYI^OSURUS  Cocco. 

51.    Tylosurus  annulatus  Cuv.  &  Val.     Gar-fishes. 

Head  2.50;  D.  23;  A.  21;  V.  6;  eye  2  into  postorbital  length 
of  head.  Teeth  rather  strong,  none  on  the  vomer  ;  scales  thin  and 
small ;  lateral  line  forming  a  keel  along  the  free  portion  of  tail. 
Color  in  spirits:  Back  and  upper  part  of  head  green,  with  slight 
wash  of  steel  blue  ;  sides  and  belly  silvery  white  ;  dorsal  dusky; 
caudal  with  a  dusky  centre;  remaining  fins  whitish;  pedlorals  with 
an  indistinct  blotch  at  base.  One  specimen.  Length  14  inches. 
Guam,  July  14,  1900.  Hab.  Red  Sea,  Seas  of  India,  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, China,  Marianas,  North  Australia. 

Family  HBMIRAMPHID^.— Balaos. 

Genus  HEMIRAMPHUS  Cuvier. 

52.     Hemiramphus  limbatus  Cuv.  &  Val. 

Head  3  or  a  little  less  ;  depth  3.50  into  head  ;  eye  4.50  ;  snout 
3.50;  D.  14;  A.  12;  scales  54.  Teeth  minute  and  in  several  rows 
in  both  jaws  ;  upper  jaw  short,  wider  than  long.  Fins:  Caudal, 
lobed  ;  the  lower  lobe  the  longest ;  dorsal  beginning  slightly  in 
advance  of  anal ;  ventrals  equal  to  orbit ;  pectorals  3  into  head. 
Color  in  spirits  :  Silvery,  bluish  above  ;  a  distinct  silvery  band 
which  posteriorh'  is  equal  to  one  scale  ;  tip  of  dorsal  and  anal  dusky. 
Five  specimens.  Length  7-10  inches.  Guam,  June  14,  igoo. 
Hah.  Seas  of  India,  China,  Western  Pacific,  Marianas. 

Family  FISTUI/ARIID^.— Cornet-fishes. 

Genus  FISTUI/ARIA  Linn^us. 

53-55-    Fistularia  depressa  Linn.    Trumpet-fish.    Bagag. 

Head  2.66;  depth  3.20;  eye  11;  interorbital  14.5;  D.  15;  A.  14; 
no  scales,  body  nearly  smooth  ;  the  upper  lateral  edges  of  snout 
sharply  serrated  ;  the  2  middle  ridges  on  upper  surface  of  snout 
well  separated,  being  nearest  together  mesiall}'.  Color  in  spirits  : 
Dirty  brownish,  lighter  below  ;  the  young  with  a  few  scattered  blue 
spots.  Four  specimens.  Length  8-29  inches.  Guam,  June  14, 
1900.  Hab.  East  Indies,  Au.stralia,  China,  Panama,  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, Hawaiian  Islands,  Marianas. 


Report  of  a   Mission   to   Guam.  65 

Family  PRISTOPOMATID^. 

Genus  SCOI^OPSIS  Cuvikk  &  Valenciennes. 

56-59.     Scolopsis  lineatus'  Quoy  &  Gaim.    Sihig-. 

Head  3.20;  depth  3;  eye  3;  snout  3.20;  mandible  equal  to  eye; 
iuterorbital  3;  D.xg;  A.  iii  7;  P.  16;  V.  i  5.  Scales  3-44-12.  Teeth 
minute,  no  canines.  Inferior  orbital  with  a  spine  direcfled  back- 
wards under  the  pupil — usually  2  or  3  smaller  spines  below  it. 
Posterior  margins  of  the  opercles  toothed.  Bod}^  oblong,  slightly 
compressed.  Branchiostegals  5.  Pseudobranchiae  developed.  Gill- 
rakers  short  and  blunt,  8  on  lower  limb.  Fins  :  Caudal  forked,  the 
upper  lobe  the  longest.  Ventrals  and  pedlorals  of  about  equal 
length,  1 .20  into  head.  Base  of  anal  3.50  into  base  of  dorsal.  About 
14  rows  of  scales  in  front  of  dorsal  fin.  Color  in  spirits  :  Grayish 
above  ( in  life  the  upper  coloring  is  greenish ) ,  whitish  below  the  axis. 
A  more  or  less  indistinct  white  line  from  snout  to  first  dorsal  spine. 
Two  distinct  white  lines  from  above  the  orbit  to  sixth  and  seventh 
rays  of  soft  dorsal.  A  third  white  line  wider  anteriorly,  and  more 
or  less  broken,  extends  from  upper  third  of  eye  to  just  posterior  of 
the  hind  margin  of  the  dorsal  fin.  A  fourth  line  forms  the  low'er 
boundary  to  the  gray  coloring  along  the  median  line  from  eye  to 
caudal.  The  upper  half  of  pedlorals  has  a  duskj-  blotch,  and  there 
ma}'  be  a  dusky  blotch,  in  some  specimens,  on  the  sides  half  way 
between  the  axis  of  body  and  the  belly.  Fins:  All  yellowish  white, 
the  spines  with  a  bluish  wash  ;  no  dark  spot  between  first  and  third 
dorsal  .spines.  Four  specimens.  Length  6-7.50  inches.  Guam, 
June  14,  1900.    Hab.   Andamans,  Malay  Archipelago,  Marianas. 

Family  MUGII,ID^.— Mullets. 

Genus  MUGII/  (Artedi)  Linn^us. 

60.     Mugil  waigiensis  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

Head  4;  depth  4.50;  eye  4.20;  i  into  snout;  interorbital  1.66; 
D.  IV,  7;  A.  HI  8;  P.  14;  V.  i  5.  Scales  28.  No  adipose  eyelid. 
Width  of  mouth  is  2.66  Lips  rather  narrow^  the  upper  lip  one- 
half  width  of  pupil.  Body  oblong,  compressed,  and  covered  with 
large  scales.  There  are  16  series  of  scales  between  tip  of  snout  and 
fir.st  dorsal  spine.  No  lateral  line.  No  true  teeth  in  jaws.  Fins: 
Caudal  slightly  emarginate.  Pecft orals  equal  to  distance  from  pos- 
terior of  head  to  anterior  nostril.  In  the  specimen  before  me  the 
pecftorals  do  not  reach  quite  to  the  vertical  of  the  origin  of  dorsal, 
but  to  the  vertical  of  the  next  anterior  row  of  scales.  Ventrals  and 
soft  dorsal  about  equal  in  length,  i  .50  into  head.     Spinous  dorsal 

2  I  have  carefully  compared  this  fish  with  Quoy  &  Gaiiuard's  description  and  figure  (Quoy 
&  Gaim.  Voy.  Freyc!  Poiss.,  p.  322,  pi.  60.  fig.  3)  and  am  convinced  the  species  should  stand  as 
5'.  liiieatus,  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

O.  P.  B.  P.  B.  M.— Vo:..  I.,  No.  3- 


66  DireHor' s  Annual  Report. 

1.66  into  head.  Color  iu  spirits:  Silvery,  with  slight  yellowish 
wash,  slightly  darker  above.  Pe(5torals  dusky,  with  their  lower 
margin  yellowish.  Anterior  of  anal  dusky.  Caudal,  dorsals  and 
ventrals  yellowish  white  ;  iris  yellow.  One  specimen.  Length  13 
inches.  Guam,  June  14,  1900.  Hab.  Red  Sea,  Indian  Ocean,  Poly- 
nesia, Marianas. 

61.     Mugil  axillaris  Bleek. 

Head  3.50;  depth  3.66;  eye  3.50;  interorbital  2.50;  D.  iv,  8; 
A.  Ill  9.  Scales  44.  No  adipose  eyelid.  No  teeth  in  jaws.  Pec- 
torals reach  to  vertical  base  of  dorsal,  the  tip  of  pecftorals  being  on 
the  13  series  of  scales  from  the  back  of  the  head.  The  preorbital 
is  indistinctly  denticulate.  Maxillary  hidden.  Snout  shorter  than 
orbit.  Twenty-one  series  of  scales  between  tip  of  snout  and  origin 
of  dorsal.  Caudal  is  slightly  emarginate.  Dorsal  fins  are  of 
about  equal  length,  the  first  dorsal  spine  is  eqvtal  distance  between 
tip  of  snout  and  base  of  caudal.  Pectorals  are  equal  in  length 
to  the  distance  from  posterior  edge  of  opercle  to  anterior  nostril. 
An  elongated  scale  in  axis  of  pedtorals.  The  origin  of  soft  dorsal 
is  very  little  behind  origin  of  anal.  Color  in  spirits  :  Silvery,  with 
bluish  wash,  deeper  blue  on  back.  Ventrals  white.  Pecftorals,  dor- 
sals, anal  and  caudal  fins  slightly  dusky.  One  specimen.  I^ength 
3  inches.  Guam,  July  12,  1900.  Hab.  East  Indian  Archipelago, 
Marianas,  Samoa. 

(i2,-^\,    Mugil  planiceps  Cuv.  &  Val.     Agoas. 

Head  4;  depth  4;  eye  with  adipose  lid  developed  on  fore  and 
back  of  eye,  but  not  extending  on  pupil.  The  clear  part  of  eye  4.66 
into  head  ;  interorbital  2.20.  Scales  36  ;  19  series  of  scales  from 
snout  to  first  dorsal  spine;  D.  iv,  18;  A.  iii  9.  There  are  20  series 
of  scales  between  origin  of  dorsal  and  tip  of  .snout.  The  anterior 
margin  of  vSpinous  dorsal  is  exacftly  midway  between  tip  of  snout 
and  base  of  caudal  fin.  A  lance-like  scale  above  axes  of  pecftorals. 
Lips  thin.  The  ped-toral  fin  barely  reaches  the  vertical  of  base  of 
dorsal,  ending  on  the  eighth  scale  of  a  lateral  series.  The  soft  dorsal 
has  its  origin  above  the  third  soft  anal  ray.  Caudal  rather  deeply 
emarginate.  Color  in  spirits  :  Silver}^  with  wash  of  3'ellowish, 
slightly  darker  above  ;  more  or  less  golden  reflecftion  behind  eye. 
Peiftorals  white,  the  former  with  an  indistinct  dusky  blotch  at  ba.se. 
Caudal,  dorsals  and  anal  with  more  or  less  indistinct  dusky  wash. 
Three  specimens.  Length  3-6  inches.  Guam,  May  26,  1900.  Hab. 
Coasts  of  Ceylon,  Bengal,  Hindostan,  China,  Marianas. 

Genus  SPHYR^NA  (Artedi)  Block  &  Schneider. 

65.     Sphyrsena  obtusata  Cuv.  &  Val. 

Head  3;  depth  8.50;  eye  5.33:  maxillae  2.30;  mandible  1.50; 
interorbital  equal  to  eye  ;  snout  2.20  into  head  ;  D.  v,  19;  A.  18. 
Scales  92,  extending  over  opercles  and  cheeks.      Body  rather  elon- 


Kcpoii  of  a  Missicvi  to  Guam.  67 

gate,  sub-cylindrical.  Gape  of  mouth  deep,  the  lower  jaw  the  long- 
est. Teeth  sharp-pointed  in  jaws  and  palatines,  none  on  vomer. 
Fins  :  Interspaces  between  the  two  dorsal  fins  equal  to  one-half 
length  of  head.  Caudal  forked.  Ventrals  equal  to  distance  from 
hind  margin  of  opercle  to  eye.  Color  in  spirits  :  Grayish  green 
above,  yellowish  white  below.  The  gray  descends  in  a  festooned 
edge  along  the  lateral  line,  giving  the  appearance  of  about  12  dusky 
splotches  along  the  sides — this  is  more  distinct  in  young.  The 
young  also  show  indistinct  dusky  bands  over  the  back.  Three 
specimens.  Length  3-5.50  inches.  Guam,  July,  igoo.  Hab. 
Seas  of  India  to  Malay  Archipelago,  Marianas. 

Family  POLYNBMBD^.— Thread-fishes. 

Genus  P0I,YDACTYLUS  Lacepedk. 

66.     Polydactylus  sexfilis  Cuv.  &  Val.     Bocadulce. 

Head  3.5;  depth  3.45;  eye  4.50,  more  or  less  covered  by  adi- 
pose membrane  ;  interorbital  3.66  ;  premaxillary  2.20  ;  mandible 
2.20;  D.  VIII,  I  2;  A.  Ill  12;  P.  14  ;  V.  I  5.  Scales  46;  lateral  line 
continuous;  5  free  articulated  appendages  below  each  pe(5toral  fin; 
two  separate  dorsal  fins.  Body  oblong,  compressed.  Muciferous 
system  of  head  well  developed.  End  of  snout  projecfting  beyond 
the  mouth.  Teeth  setiform,  several  bands  on  premaxillary,  vomer 
and  palatines.  Vertical  margin  of  the  preopercle  strongly  denticu- 
late. Fins  :  Caudal  deeply  forked,  the  longest  ra^^  one-third  longer 
than  head.  Short  middle  ray  2.50  into  head.  Pedtoral  1.20  into 
head.  Longest  ray  of  soft  dorsal  equal  to  head.  Color  in  spirits: 
vSihery  white,  slightly  darker  above,  a  dusky  splotch  at  base  of 
caudal.  Pectorals  and  anals  dusky.  Tips  of  dorsals  dusky.  One 
specimen.  Length  13.5  inches.  Guam,  June  28,  1900.  Hab. 
Seas  of  India,  Polynesia,  Marianas. 

Family  HOLOCBNTRID^.— Squirrel-fishes. 

Gknus  MYRIPRISTIS  Cuvier. 
67-68.     Myripristis  murdjan  (Forsk).     Sagamolang. 

Head  3  ;  depth  2.50  ;  eye  2.20  ;  snout  2  into  eye  ;  interorbital 
equal  to  snout;  D.  x,  i  14;  A.  iv  12;  P.  15;  V.  i  7.  Scales  3-34-6. 
Body  oblong,  slightly  elevated  and  compressed.  Teeth  villiform. 
Mouth  oblique,  lower  jaw  projecting,  with  a  rough  nipple-like  pro- 
jection on  each  side  of  symphysis.  Maxillary  reaches  to  beneath 
last  third  of  orbit.  Preopercle  serrated  its  whole  extent.  Opercle 
with  moderately  strong  spine,  all  the  posterior  margin  below  the 
spine  and  a  little  way  above  it  finely  serrated.  Upper  surface  of 
head  roughened  by  about  four  raised  lines  which  branch  posteriorly 
and  end  in  small  spines.    Color  in  life  :   Roseate,  gill  openings  and 


68  Dircflor' s  Anmial  Report. 

axillae  of  peclorals  black.  Fins  whitish,  except  a  dusky  blotch  on 
tip  of  soft  dorsal.  Three  specimens.  Length  2-7  inches.  Agana, 
Guam,  June  14,  1900.  Hab.  Red  Sea,  east  coast  of  Africa,  Seas 
of  India  to  Malay  Archipelago,  Marianas,  Hawaiian  Islands. 

Genus  HOI/OCENTRUS  (Gronow)  Scopou. 

69.     Holocentrus  diadema  Lacep. 

Head  3.20;  depth  3;  eye  2.50;  interorbital  equal  to  snout,  4.20 
into  head.  Maxillary  3  into  head  and  reaching  to  a  line  beneath 
the  anterior  margin  of  pupil.  The  upper  processes  of  intermax- 
illaries  end  scarcely  posterior  of  anterior  margin  of  eye.  D.  xi  13; 
A.  IV 9;  P.  15;  V.  I  7.  Scales  3-48-8;  a  single  vertical  row  of  9  scales 
on  the  opercle.  Orbital,  opercular  and  preopercular  bones  serrated. 
The  preorbitals  have  a  large  spine  anteriorly;  two  opercular  spines, 
the  upper  of  which  is  much  the  stronger.  The  preopercular  spine  is 
2.66  into  vertical  margin  of  preopercle  and  2  into  e}  e.  Fins:  Caudal 
well  forked  ;  the  third,  fourth  and  fifth  dorsal  spines  the  longest, 
about  equal  to  longest  ray  of  soft  dorsal;  third  spine  of  anal  much 
the  longest,  1.20  into  head,  about  equal  in  length  to  ventral  fin. 
The  scales  on  the  sides  of  anal  fin  are  much  elongated  and  serrated. 
Color  in  life:  Red,  with  lighter  longitudinal  lines.  Color  in  spirits: 
Silver}'  grayish,  darker  above,  with  about  10  lighter  longitudinal 
lines.  Dorsal  fin  black,  with  a  white  longitudinal  line  through  the 
middle,  also  an  indication  of  light  coloring  on  margin  of  fin.  The 
web  between  third  and  fourth  anal  spine  is  black,  otherwise  all 
the  fins  are  uniform  j-ellowish  white.  Three  specimens.  Length 
2.50-5.50  inches.  Guam,  July  28,  1900.  Hab.  Red  Sea,  Ceylon, 
Chinese  vSea,  Indian  Archipelago,  Marianas. 

70.     Holocentrus  operculare  Cuv.  &  \  al. 

"I'oHiig-:  Head  3.20;  depth  3;  eye  2.50;  maxillary  equal  to  eye; 
interorbital  3.50  into  head;  D.  xi  13;  A.  iv  10.  Scales  37.  Opercles 
and  preopercles  serrated,  the  preopercle  spine  equal  to  diameter  of 
eye,  and  much  smaller  than  the  two  spines  of  the  opercles.  Color, 
red;  in  spirits,  a  silvery  grayish,  slightly  darker  above.  All  the  fins 
yellowish  white,  except  the  spinous  dorsal  which  is  black  with 
white  lines  between  the  spines.  One  specimen,  very  young. 
Length  2  inches.  Guam,  July  23,  1900.  Hab.  Sea  of  New  Ireland, 
Banda,  Marianas. 

71.     Holocentrus  binolatum  Quoy  &  Gaim.     Cholog. 

Head  3  ;  depth  2.66  ;  eye  2.50  ;  snout  about  equal  to  inter- 
orbital; D.  XI  14;  A.  IV  9;  P.  14;  V.  I  7.  Scales  4-46-8.  Opercles, 
preopercles,  and  orbitals  with  posterior  and  lower  margins  serrated. 
Maxillary  reaching  the  posterior  margin  of  pupil  2.20  into  head. 
Mandible  i  .66  into  head.     Preopercular  spine  long  and  strong,  about 


Report  of  a   Mission  lo   Guam .  69 

twice  as  long  as  the  two  opercular  spines.  Preor])ital  with  a  strong 
spine  anteriorly,  and  another  not  quite  so  strong  under  the  anterior 
third  of  pupil.  Fins  :  The  third,  fourth  and  fifth  dorsal  spines  are 
longest,  but  are  only  two-thirds  as  long  as  third  anal  spine,  and  are 
rather  shorter  than  the  soft  dorsal.  Caudal  well  forked,  the  lobes 
equal.  Pe(5lorals  slightly  longer  than  ventrals,  1.25  into  head. 
Color  in  spirits  :  Silvery  whitish,  with  wash  of  yellowish.  About 
1 2  indistin(5lly  darker  stripes  on  body.  Fins  3'ellowish  white,  with  a 
slightly  darker  splotch  between  the  two  anterior  spines  at  base. 
The  original  description  of  this  fish  gives  the  dorsal  fin  as  xi  14, 
and  the  figure  in  Voy.  Astrol.  Poiss.,  Pi.  14,  Fig.  4,  gives  the 
stripes  on  the  body,  especially  on  lower  half,  as  darker  red  than 
the  ground  color,  which  is  very  true  of  the  specimen  before  me. 
One  specimen.  Length  5.50  inches.  Guam,  July  14,  1900.  Hab. 
New  Guinea,  Guam,  Marianas. 

72.     Holocentrus  unipunctatum  Gunth.    I^esiog. 

Head  2.66  ;  depth  2.50  ;  eye  3  ;  interorbital  2  into  eye  ;  snout 
3.20;  maxillary  2.50;  D.  xl  15;  A.  iv  10;  P.  14;  V.  i  7.  Scales 
3-45-8.  Opercles,  preopercles  and  orbitals  serrated.  The  preopercle 
spine,  measured  from  scales,  1.66  into  vertical  limb  of  the  pre- 
opercle, and  about  equal  to  eye  ;  the  two  opercular  spines  of  equal 
size  and  less  than  one-half  the  length  of  preopercular  spine.  Fins: 
The  third,  fourth  and  fifth  dorsal  spines  the  longest.  Ventrals  and 
pectorals  of  about  equal  length.  Caudal  well  forked,  lobes  equal, 
the  third  anal  spine  the  longest — 2.66  into  head.  Color  in  life: 
Red,  with  about  12  slightly  darker  red  lines.  In  spirits  the  fi.sh 
becomes  a  dull  grayish  white,  with  very  indistinct  darker  lines,  the 
fins  being  a  uniform  3'ellowish  white,  except  a  small  blotch  of  black 
between  the  first  and  second  dorsal  spines,  near  the  base.  One 
specimen.  Length  5  inches.  Guam,  June  14,  1900.  Hab.  Poly- 
nesia, Marianas. 

73-74.    Holocentrus  fuscostriatus  sp.  nov.     Chalak. 

Head  3;  depth  3.50;  eye  2.66;  interorbital  4;  snout  3.50;  max- 
illary equal  to  distance  from  posterior  of  orbit  to  posterior  edge  of 
opercle;  mandible  1.66;  low^er  jaw  projecting;  D.  x,  i  12;  A.  iv  8; 
V.  I  7;  P.  14;  C.  18,  with  6  spines  on  each  side.  Scales  3-40-8;  about 
27  scales  on  preopercle,  each  scale  with  a  brown  spot  at  base.  Pos- 
terior margins  of  opercles  and  preopercles  denticulate,  except  the 
oblique  lower  half  of  sub-opercle.  The  opercle  has  a  single  vertical 
row  of  8  scales  on  its  anterior  margin.  Opercle  with  two  spines  from 
posterior  margin,  their  exposed  length  2  into  pupil,  a  minute  spine 
just  above  these  two  ;  lower  margin  of  interopercle  finely  toothed; 
lower  angle  of  preopercle  with  flat  spine,  its  exposed  length  from 
scales  2  into  orbit,  2.50  into  horizontal  length  of  preopercle.  Pre- 
orbitals  and  sub-orbitals  strongly  denticulate.     Mouth  protracted. 


yo  DireHor' s  Annual  Report. 

Groove  for  the  posterior  processes  of  the  intermaxillaries  reaches  to 
a  Hue  with  the  anterior  margin  of  the  pupil.  No  spine  on  snout. 
Teeth:  Bands  of  villiform  teeth  on  jaws,  vomer  and  palatines.  On 
top  of  head  just  posterior  of  eyes  about  8  raised  lines  form  a  fan- 
shaped  area  on  each  side.  Fins:  The  second  dorsal  spine  is  the 
longest,  equal  to  distance  from  base  of  anterior  dorsal  spine  to  base 
of  sixth  dorsal  spine.  The  first  dorsal  spine  2  into  head,  the  last 
2.50  into  orbit.  Third  anal  spine  the  longest,  1.33  into  head.  Soft 
dorsal  and  pectorals  of  about  equal  length,  i  .66  into  head.  Ventrals 
1 .50  into  head.  Color  in  life:  General  color  silvery,  slightly  darker 
above,  with  a  wash  of  purplish  red  and  gold,  the  scales  with  a 
splendid  opalescent  refledlion,  each  side  with  10  very  distinct  dusky 
lines  which  have  a  wash  of  purple  madder.  The  lateral  line,  which 
is  slightly  the  widest,  is  a  brighter  red  with  less  of  dvisky.  Top  of 
head  deep  red.  Spinous  dorsal  reddish  with  a  big  black  splotch 
between  the  4  anterior  spines.  A  row  of  triangular  white  spots  be- 
tween the  spines  near  base,  and  a  marginal  line  of  white.  Soft  dorsal 
yellow,  with  the  two  anterior  rays  red.  Four  outer  rays  on  each 
margin  of  caudal  red,  the  inner  part  yellow.  Anal  yellow,  the  fourth 
spine  and  first  ray  red.  Pectorals  pinkish.  Belly  and  ventral  fin 
white.  Twenty-five  specimens.  Length  2-7  inches.  Guam,  July, 
1900.  The  young  are  similar  in  color,  with  the  lines  not  quite  so 
distinct,  and  with  two  dusky  blotches  over  each  eye.  Type  speci- 
men No.  73,  B.  P.  B.  M.     Hab.   Marianas. 

75-76.     Holocentrus  microstoma^  Gunth. 

Head  3.20  ;  depth  3.50  ;  eye  2.66;  snout  one-third  less  than 
eye;  maxillary  equal  to  eye  ;  mandible  2  into  head  ;  D.  xi  i  10; 
A.  IV  9;  P.  16;  V.I  8.  Scales  3-54-8;  8  series  of  scales  in  front  of 
dorsal.  Preopercles  scaled.  Opercle  with  a  single  vertical  row  of  8 
scales  which  are  deeply  toothed  pOvSteriorly.  Gill-rakers  moderate, 
12  including  rudiments  on  lower  limb.  Hind  margins  of  all  the 
opercles,  preopercles,  the  post,  sub  and  preorbitals  strongly  ser- 
rated on  their  posterior  or  lower  margins.  Lower  edge  of  pre- 
opercle  with  a  prominent  spine,  the  free  portion  from  the  scales 
measuring  2.20  into  vertical  limb  of  the  preopercle,  from  lower 
margin  of  spine.  Two  prominent  opercular  spines,  the  upper  much 
the  largest.  A  prominent  spine  at  the  anterior  end  of  preorbitals. 
Mouth  projedtile,  lower  mandible  slightly  the  longest.  Grooves 
for  the  posterior  processes  of  the  intermaxillaries  ends  anterior  of  a 
line  with  front  of  pupil.  The  turbinal  bones  end  in  prominent  pro- 
cesses. Teeth  villiform.  Fins:  Caudal  well  forked,  with  six  small 
spines  at  base  of  each  margin.  Third  anal  spine  the  longest,  equal 
to  depth  of  the  fish.  Fourth  and  fifth  dorsal  spines  the  longest,  155 
into  head  ;  the  first  dorsal  spine  is  about  equal  to  eye,  and  the  last 
is  equal  to  pupil.     PecStorals  1.50  into  head.     Anterior  rays  of  the 

^Specimens  from  Guam  show  that  //.  biiinlulitiii  and  H.  niicidiloiiia  are  distinct  species. 


Report  of  a  Mission  to  Guam.  71 

soft  dorsal  are  the  longest,  being  equal  in  length  to  the  fourth 
dorsal  spine  ;  the  anterior  rays  of  soft  anal  are  also  the  longest, 
being  ecjual  to  length  of  pe(5lorals.  Color  in  life:  Red,  with  about 
12  Avhitish  longitudinal  lines,  most  distinct  on  upper  surface. 
Color  in  spirits:  Silvery  gray,  with  lighter  longitudinal  lines  ;  fins 
all  uniform  yellowish  white,  except  spinous  dorsal,  which  has  a 
rather  narrow  white  margin  and  an  intermarginal  line  of  black, 
below  which  is  another  line  of  white.  Two  specimens.  Guam, 
July  14,  1900.     Hab.   Polynesia,  Marianas. 

Family  MUI/I/ID^. — Surmullets. 

Genus  MUI,I,0IDES  Bleeker. 

77.     Mulloides  flavolineatus  Lacep.    Salmoneti. 

Head  3.50;  depth  4;  eye  4;  interorbital  3.50;  width  of  max- 
illary at  end  1.66  into  eye;  D.  vii,  9;  A.  11  6.  Scales  2-37-6  Body 
oblong,  slightly  compressed.  Villiform  teeth  in  both  jaws,  no  teeth 
on  vomer  or  palatines.  Interorbital  space  flat.  Barbules  thick, 
reaching  to  angle  of  preopercle.  Opercular  spine  small.  Fins: 
Pectorals  1.50  into  head.  The  longest  dorsal  spine  r.30  into  head; 
the  longest  dorsal  ray  2.20,  equal  in  length  to  longest  anal  ray; 
5  rows  of  scales  between  the  two  dorsal  fins.  Color  in  spirits: 
Back  dusky,  with  slight  wash  of  reddish  ;  sides  and  belly  with 
wash  of  yellowish,  and  indication  of  a  yellowish  line  along  sides. 
One  specimen,  length  11. 5  inches;  14  young,  length  3  inches.  In 
some  of  these  young  the  yellow  baud  from  head  to  caudal  shows 
very  distincftly.  Guam,  June  2,  1900.  Hab.  Red  Sea,  through 
India  to  Malay  Archipelago  and  beyond,  Marianas. 

78.     Mulloides  samoensis  Gunth. 

Head  3.50;  depth  3.50;  eye  3;  interorbital  3.66;  mandible  3.50 
into  head;  D.  vii,  9;  A.  11  6.  Scales  2-40-7.  Villiform  teeth  in  jaws 
in  several  series,  no  teeth  on  vomer  or  palatines.  Fins:  Pedlorals 
1 .50  into  head,  equal  in  length  to  the  longest  dorsal  spine.  lyongest 
dorsal  ray  2  into  head.  Ventrals  1.30  into  head.  Barbules  reach- 
ing to  angle  of  preopercle.  Color  in  spirits:  Silvery  white,  a  bluish 
wash  above,  a  small  dusky  splotch  on  sides  just  below  the  ninth 
and  tenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line — the  tips  of  the  pe(5toral  fins 
reach  to  the  centre  of  this  spot.  An  indistinct  dusky  blotch  on  inter- 
orbital region.  One  specimen.  Length  4.50  inches  (color  much, 
faded).     Guam,  June  2,  1900.     Hab.  Samoa,  Marianas. 

Genus  UPBNEUS  Cuvier. 
79.    Upeneus  multifasciatus  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

Head  3.20;  depth  3.20;  eye  5.50;  interorbital  3.50;  maxillary 
2.20,  its  width  at  end  greater  than  eye;  D.  ix,  9;  A.  7.  Scales  2-30-6. 
Barbules  long,  reaching  within  two  rows  of  scales  from  base  of  ven- 


72  DireHor' s  Annual  Report, 

trals;  two  rows  of  scales  between  the  two  dorsal  fins.  Body  oblong, 
compressed,  the  upper  profile  quite  convex.  Teeth  in  a  single  row 
in  jaws,  no  teeth  on  vomer  or  palatines.  A  small  opercular  spine. 
Fins:  Posterior  rays  of  soft  dorsal  prolonged,  i  .66  into  head.  Third 
dorsal  spine  the  longest,  i  .50  into  head.  The  pedlorals  and  ventrals 
are  about  equal  in  length.  Color  in  spirits:  Upper  color  brownish, 
with  indication  of  purple.  A  brown  line  down  snout  through  eye. 
A  broad  saddle  of  black  on  the  caudal  peduncle  ;  another  broad 
black  band  descends  from  the  anterior  half  of  soft  dorsal.  There 
are  also  indications  of  two  or  three  more  or  less  amalgamated  broad 
black  bands  in  front  of  this.  Under  surface  yellowish  white.  Spin- 
ous dorsal  dusky.  Inner  half  of  soft  dorsal  black,  outer  half  marked 
with  two  or  three  longitudinal  pale  bluish  lines.  Pe(5torals  cadmium 
yellow.  Ventrals  with  external  rays  bluish,  inner  ones  yellow.  Anal 
bluish  with  4  or  5  lighter  longitudinal  lines.  Caudal  dusky.  One 
specimen.  Length  8  inches.  Guam,  July  19,  igoo.  Hab.  Seas 
of  India,  Malay  Archipelago,  Polynesia,  Marianas. 

80.    Upeneus  saffordi^  sp.  nov.     Salmoneti. 

Head  3;  depth  3.25;  ej'e  5.66;  interorbital  4;  maxillar}'  2.50, 
its  width  at  end  equal  to  eye.  Scales  2-30-7;  D.  viii,  i  8;  V.  i  5. 
Barbules  long,  reaching  to  base  of  ventral  fins.  Body  oblong, 
compressed,  the  upper  profile  quite  concave.  Snout  rather  sharp- 
pointed.  The  distance  from  the  anterior  margin  of  orbit  to  tip  of 
snout  1.86  into  head.  Teeth  in  a  single  row  in  each  jaw,  no  teeth 
on  vomer  or  palatine.  Three  series  of  scales  between  the  two  dor- 
sal fins.  A  small  preopercular  spine.  Fins:  Spinous  dorsal  and 
ventrals  of  about  equal  length,  1.25  into  head.  Second  ray  of  soft 
dorsal  2  into  head,  equal  in  length  to  base  of  fin.  Base  of  anal  2.50. 
Pecftorals  1.60  into  head,  their  base  equal  to  shortest  ray,  their  tip 
reaching  to  a  line  with  the  tenth  scale  of  lateral  line.  Caudal  well 
forked,  the  longest  ray  1.25  into  head.  The  posterior  rays  of  the 
anal  or  dorsal  are  not  prolonged.  Color  in  life:  Uniform  cadmium 
3'ellow,  with  a  saddle  of  bright  yellow  extending  over  the  upper 
part  of  caudal  peduncle  and  down  to  the  lateral  line,  with  two  dis- 
tinct bluish  lines  from  eye,  two-thirds  of  the  distance  down  sides 
of  snout.  Color  in  spirits:  Uniform  yellowish  white,  a  whitish 
saddle  over  top  of  caudal  peduncle  down  to  lateral  line,  a  dusky 
reddish  splotch  covering  sides  of  snout.  Fins  all  uniform  light 
chrome;  iris  bright  yellow.  The  young  are  similarly  colored,  but 
without  the  yellow  marking  on  caudal  peduncle  so  distinct.  Two 
specimens.     Length  6.50-3.00     Agaiia,  Guam,  July  14,  1900. 

81.    Upeneus  trifasciatus  Lacep. 

Head  3.20;  depth  3.20;  eye  4.50;  maxillary  3.66  into  head. 
Scales  2-30-6;  D.  viii,  9;  A.  7;  snout  blunt.    Teeth  in  a  single  row 

4Nained  in  honor  of  Ijeutenant-Goveriior  W.  E.  Safford,  V.  S.  N.,  of  Guam,  in  recognition 
of  his  interest  and  work  in  Polynesian  natural  history. 


Report  oj  a   Mission  to  iinaiu.  73 

ill  jaws,  none  on  vomer  or  palatines.  Barbiiles  reaching  about  to 
angle  of  preopercle.  Fins:  Spinous  dorsal  i  .50  into  head.  Longest 
ray  of  soft  dorsal  2  into  head.  Two  rows  of  scales  l)etweeii  soft  and 
spinous  dorsal.  Color  in  spirits:  Scales  of  upper  surface  more  or 
less  edged  with  brownish,  below  yellowish  white.  A  brown  line  from 
end  of  snout  through  eye  to  below  soft  dorsal  fin;  back  of  the  head 
this  brown  line  is  accompanied  on  each  side  by  a  yellow  line  of 
almo.st  equal  width.  A  dusky  saddle  over  free  portion  of  tail,  with 
a  yellowish  spot  between  it  and  the  soft  dorsal.  A  more  or  less 
dusky  line  down  po,sterior  margin  of  preopercle.  Base  of  opercular 
spine  dusk}-.  One  specimen.  Length  8  inches.  Guam,  May  26, 
1900.     Hah.   Indian  Ocean,  Polynesia,  Marianas. 

Family  CARANGID^.— Pompanos. 

Genus  CARANX  LacepEde. 

82.     Caranx  ascensionis  (Forst.).    Tarakita. 

Head  3.33;  depth  2.66;  eye  5.33,  2  into  snout;  interorbital  4; 
D.  IX,  I,  22;  A.  II,  I  19;  V.  I  5.  Scales  about  58  to  the  beginning 
of  the  plate-like  scales  which  arm  the  posterior  half  of  the  lateral 
line;  there  are  48  of  the  plate-like  scales  which  begin  on  a  line  of 
the  fifth  dorsal  ray.  Body  oblong,  compressed.  Mouth  protradtile, 
the  lower  jaw  slightly  the  longer.  Maxillar}-  broad,  almost  as 
wide  as  eye.  Preopercle  not  serrate.  Branchiostegals  7.  Pseudo- 
branchiae  present.  Teeth:  The  teeth  in  the  upper  jaw  in  villiform 
band,  with  an  outer  series  of  stronger  ones;  those  of  the  lower  in  a 
single  series;  minute  teeth  also  on  palate  and  tongue.  Fins:  The 
dorsal  consists  of  a  recumbent  spine  followed  by  seven  rather  weak 
spines,  all  connedled,  the  longest  being  2.75  into  head;  following 
these  and  scarcely  connecfted  with  them  is  a  short  strong  spine  about 
midway  between  the  spinous  dorsal  proper  and  soft  dorsal.  The  soft 
dorsal  is  about  equal  in  length  to  anal  and  similar  in  form;  the 
longest  ray  is  contained  1.33  into  head,  being  a  little  longer  than 
the  first  ra}^  of  anal;  there  are  no  detached  rays.  The  pecftorals  are 
long  and  falcate,  their  length  greater  than  head,  3  into  total  length. 
Ventrals  short,  2.50  into  head.  Caudal  well  forked,  lobes  equal, 
4  into  total  length.  The  bod}-  is  finely  scaled,  there  being  no  bare 
area  in  front  of  ventrals.  Lateral  line  strongly  cur\-ed,  the  curved 
portion  1.50  into  straight.  Color  in  spirits:  Silvery  with  a  slight 
wash  of  3-ellowish.  Pectorals  yellow.  Dorsal  and  anal  bluish.  The 
outer  raj'S  of  caudal  seem  to  have  more  or  less  yellowish  wa.sh. 
One  specimen — length  13  inches — and  13  young  2.50-4.50  inches, 
were  taken  near  the  reef.  Guam,  July  9,  1900.  The  3'oung  are 
uiLstriped  and  have  more  bluish  on  the  back,  and  the  fins  with  less 
color.     Hah.   Gilbert  Islands,  Marianas. 


74  DireHor' s  Aruiual  Report. 

83.     Caranx  sexfasciatus  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

Head  3.33;  depth  2.50;  eye  3.50,  i  intosuout;  interorbital  3.66; 
D.  VIII,  I,  I  21;  A.  II,  I  19.  Scales  numerous,  plates  33.  L,ateral 
line  strongly  curved,  the  curve  1.66  into  .straight  portion.  lyower 
jaw  slightly  longer  than  upper.  Breast  scaly.  Teeth  of  upper  jaw 
form  a  villiform  band,  an  outer  series  of  larger  ones  also  present, 
a  single  row  in  lower  jaw,  small  teeth  on  palate.  Color:  Silvery, 
bluish  above,  with  about  seven  dusky  vertical  bands  about  equal  to 
width  of  eye  and  narrower  than  interspace.  An  indistinct  opercular 
spot.  P'ins  yellow.  Two  specimens,  length  4.50  inches,  were  taken 
at  Agafia,  Guam,  Jul}-  9,  1900.     Hab.  Western  Pacific,  Marianas. 

Genus  I^EIOGNATHUS  I^AciCPiSDE. 
84-86.    I/eiognathus  obscura  sp.  nov. 

Head  3.33;  depth  1.66;  eye  2.80,  i  into  snout;  interorbital  3; 
D.  VIII,  17;  A.  Ill  15;  V.  I  5.  Scales  small,  deciduous,  cycloid, 
no  scales  on  chest.  I^ateral  line  unarmed  and  but  slightly  curved. 
Body  elevated  and  strongly  compressed.  Mouth  protra(5lile,  upper 
jaw  rather  overhanging.  Teeth  minute,  of  equal  size  in  jaws.  Pre- 
opercle  and  supraorbital  serrate.  Two  short  spines  on  upper  anterior 
part  of  orbit,  the  distance  between  two  outer  spines  2.50  into  head. 
Branchiostegals  5.  Pseudobranchiae  present.  Gill-rakers  short  but 
wide,  with  many  small  teeth.  Fins:  Second  dorsal  spine  3.80  into 
length,  the  third  dorsal  spine  equal  in  length  to  .second  anal  spine, 
1 .50  into  head.  Pecftorals  and  second  dorsal  spine  of  equal  length. 
Ventrals  small,  2  into  head.  Caudal  well  forked,  lobes  of  equal 
length;  caudal  peduncle  4  into  head.  The  pores  of  lateral  line  are 
slightly  enlarged  anteriorly.  Color:  Silvery  white,  bluish  above. 
An  irregular  dusky  splotch  about  the  size  of  eye  a  little  below  the 
axis,  above  anterior  anal  spine.  The  inner  bases  of  pecftorals  are 
black.  A  dusk}'  splotch  at  upper  edge  of  opercle,  another  at  upper 
margin  of  orbit — this  invades  the  upper  part  of  iris,  which  other- 
wise is  yellow.  Snout  more  or  less  dusky  with  a  short  black  line 
down  each  side  from  nostrils  to  upper  lip.  A  dusky  splotch  on 
upper  part  of  caudal  peduncle.  Fins  white,  a  wash  of  yellow  on 
caudal.  Three  specimens,  length  3-5.50  inches,  taken  at  Agaiia, 
Guam,  May  26,  igoo.     No.  of  type  84*6.  P.  B.  M.     Hab.   Marianas. 

Family  PBMPHBRID^. 

Genus  PBMPHERIS  Cuvier  &  Vaeenciennes. 
87-90.     Pempheris  otaitensis  (Cuv.  &  Val.).     Sapi  sapi. 

Head  (from  bony  margin  of  opercle  to  tip  of  snout)  4;  depth 
2.50;  eye  2.25;  maxillary  1.60;  mandibles  1.50;  interorbital  1.50 
into  eye;  from  anterior  margin  of  orbit  to  tip  of  snout  is  one-half 
the  diameter  of  eye;  D.  vi,  9;  A.  iii  41;  V.  i  5;  P.  19.     Scales  about 


Report  of  a   MissioJi   to  (lUani.  75 

68-70  in  lateral  line.  Mouth  oblique.  Setiform  teeth  on  jaws, 
vomer  and  palatines.  Snout  blunt,  liranchiostegals  7.  Fins  :  Anal 
long,  its  base  twice  into  length  of  fish.  It  is  placed  at  an  angle  of 
about  40°  to  the  axis.  The  rays  are  short,  the  longest  being  eciual 
to  the  diameter  of  eye.  The  base  of  dorsal  is  1.66  into  head,  its 
longest  XQ.y  being  about  equal  to  head.  Caudal  emarginate.  Pec- 
torals about  equal  to  length  of  head.  Color  in  spirits:  Silvery, 
with  a  wash  of  reddish,  each  scale  having  a  silvery  margin  with  a 
sub-marginal  brownish  red  area  of  about  equal  extent;  darker 
above.  Axis  and  base  of  pe(5torals  black,  a  darker  area  along  base 
of  anal.  Dorsal  spines  and  tip  of  anterior  dorsal  rays  black.  Caudal 
dusk}-  on  edges,  lighter  in  centre.  Anal,  pectorals  and  ventrals  yel- 
lowish white.  A  more  or  less  distinct  splotch  of  gold  just  posterior 
of  ej-e  on  opercle.  Iris  yellow.  Five  specimens.  I^ength  3-7  inches. 
Guam,  July  14,  igoo.     Hab.   Western  Pacific,  Marianas. 

Family  KUHI^IID^. 

Genus  KUHI^IA  Gill. 

91-93.     Kuhlia  rupestris  (Lacep.). 

Head  3;  depth  2.66;  eye  4;  maxillary  2.33,  no  supplemental 
bone;  mandible  1.66;  interorbital  3.50;  D.  x  11;  A.  iii  10;  V.  i  5; 
P.  13.  Scales  large,  5-44-9,  lateral  line  complete.  Body  oblong, 
slightly  compressed.  Mouth  large,  protradlile.  Teeth:  Bands  of 
villiform  teeth  on  jaws,  vomer,  palatines,  entopterygoid  and  ecto- 
pterygoid  bones.  Tongue  smooth.  Gill-rakers  about  16,  rather 
short  on  lower  limb.  Branchiostegals  6.  Pseudobranchiae  well 
developed.  Opercle  with  two  spines.  Preorbital  and  preopercle 
finely  denticulate,  gill  membranes  separate.  Fins:  The  caudal  is 
emarginate,  the  lobes  rounded.  Fifth  dorsal  spine  is  2.50  into  head; 
tenth  dorsal  spine  is  much  longer  than  ninth,  its  length  3  into  head. 
Ventrals  and  pe(ftorals  of  about  equal  length.  Anal  longer  than  its 
distance  from  caudal.  Color  in  spirits:  Dark  silvery,  blui.sh  above, 
most  of  the  .scales  with  a  blackish  spot  at  tip  or  base.  Caudal,  anal 
and  dorsal  dusk}^  with  a  wide  whitish  space  at  tip.  Ventrals  white. 
Pecftorals  whitish,  upper  ray  black.  Three  fine  specimens,  length 
6-g  inches,  were  presented  to  the  Museum  by  Lieutenant-Governor 
W.  E.  Safford,  U.  S.  N.  These  were  taken  in  fresh  water  at  the 
head  of  the  Agafia  river,  Guam,  1900.  This  is  a  valued  food  fi.sh. 
Hab.   Fre-sh  water  streams  and  lakes  of  Polynesia,  Marianas. 

Family  CHBlIyODIPTBRID^.— Cardinal-fishes. 

Gkxus  APOGON  Lacepede. 

94.     Apogon  fasciatus  Quoy  &  Gaim.     I^ansi. 

Head  2.86;  depth  3;  eye  2.50;  snout  50  into  eye;  interorbital 
about  equal  to  snout ;   maxillary  reaching  beyond  pupil   1.23  into 


^6  Dircclor' s  Annual  Report. 

head;  D.  vi,  i  9;  A.  11  8.  Scales  1-28-4.  Teeth  villiform  in  jaws, 
vomer  and  palate.  Body  oblong,  slightly  compressed  and  elevated. 
Branchiostegals  7.  The  preopercle  has  a  double  edge,  the  outer 
one  of  which  is  serrated.  Gill-rakers  rather  long  and  slender,  12 
on  lower  limb.  Fins:  Caudal  emarginate.  Pe(5lorals  and  ventrals 
of  about  equal  length,  i  .50  into  head.  The  spinous  and  .soft  dor- 
sals separate,  the  soft  dorsal  the  longest.  Base  of  anal  slightly  less 
than  base  of  soft  dorsal.  Color  in  spirits:  Yellowish  white  with 
wash  of  red.  Four  lateral  longitudinal  black  bands  on  each  side 
from  head  to  caudal,  the  second  and  fovirth  lines  form  an  arch  on 
the  base  of  caudal  fin.  A  black  band  on  base  of  anal,  also  a  black 
band  on  base  of  soft  dorsal.  Other  fins  yellowish.  Lower  jaw 
more  or  less  dusky.  Twenty  specimens.  Length  1-3  inches. 
Guam,  June  14,  1900.  Hah.  Seas  of  India,  Malay  Archipelago, 
Marianas. 

95.     Apogon  auritus  Cuv.  &  Val. 

Head  2.50;  depth  2.86;  eye  3.50;  D.  vii,  9;  A.  11  7;  inter- 
orbital  2  into  eye;  maxillar\'  2  into  head.  Scales  23.  Teeth  villi- 
form in  jaws,  vomer  and  palatines.  No  canines.  Bones  of  the 
head  not  serrated.  Caudal  rounded.  Color  in  spirits:  Yellowish 
brown,  with  darker  spots  over  bod}-.  A  black  spot  half  as  large  as 
eye  and  margined  with  white  on  the  opercle.  One  specimen. 
Length  2.25  inches.  Guam,  July  12,  1900.  Hab.  Red  Sea,  Seas 
of  India  to  Malay  Peninsula,  Marianas. 

96-98.    Apogon  savayensis  Gunth. 

Head  2.66  (without  flap);  depth  2.66;  eye  2.55;  snout  1.66 
into  ej^e  ;  maxillar}-  1.66;  mandible  1.50;  D.  vii,  19;  A.  i  8. 
Scales  2-27-5.  Body  oblong,  compressed.  Preopercle  w4th  a  double 
edge.  Teeth  villiform  in  jaws,  vomer  and  palatines.  Fins:  Caudal 
slightly  emarginate.  Length  of  spinous  dorsal  1.66  into  head. 
Base  of  anal  equal  to  eye.  Pectorals  slightly  longer  than  the  ven- 
trals. Color  in  spirits:  Olive,  a  dusky  saddle  over  free  portion  of 
caudal  peduncle.  A  dusk}-  oblique  line  from  lower  posterior  edge 
of  orbit  to  lower  posterior  edge  of  opercle.  There  are  slight  indis- 
tinct indications  of  four  other  dusky  bands  descending  from  the 
dorsal  fins  to  belly.  Ventrals  white.  All  the  remaining  fins  more 
or  less  dusk3^  Seven  specimens.  Length  2-4.50  inches.  Guam, 
June  14,  1900.     Hab.  Coasts  of  Africa,  Seas  of  India,  Marianas. 

Family  SBRRANID^.— Sea  Basses. 

Genus  BPINEPHBI/US  Block. 

99.    Bpinephelus  dsemetii  Gunth. 

Head  2.66;  depth  3.66;  eye  4.66;  width  of  maxillary  at  distal 
end  2.50  into  eye;  mandible  1.50  into  head;  interorbital  2  intoe3'e; 
D.  XI,  16;   A.  Ill,  8;   V.  I  5;   P.  17.     Scales  small,  about  85  in  lat- 


Report  of  a  Mission  to  duani.  77 

eral  line.  Teeth  in  narrow  ])an(ls  in  2  series  on  the  sides  of  the 
niantlibles.  Canines  strong.  \'illilorni  teeth  also  on  palatine  bones 
and  vomer.  Branchiostegals  7.  Pseudobranchite  present.  Max- 
illary reaching  pa.st  vertical  of  posterior  of  eye,  lower  jaw  project- 
ing. Border  of  preopercle  ronnded  and  serrate,  the  serrse  slightly 
larger  at  angle.  Gill-rakers  short,  13  on  lower  arm,  with  villiform 
teeth.  Fins:  Candal  rounded,  its  length  about  2  into  head.  Soft 
anal  slightly  longer  than  soft  dorsal.  Third  anal  spine  the  longest, 
2.50  into  head.  Fifth  dorsal  spine  Lhe  longest,  2.66  into  head. 
Pectorals  rounded,  1.50  into  head,  their  base  about  equal  to  orbit. 
Ventrals  not  reaching  to  anus.  Color  in  spirits:  Brownish,  with 
mottlings  and  narrow  lighter  more  or  less  hexagonal  lines,  white 
below,  the  body  with  about  six  indistinct  slightly  oblique  bands 
about  as  wide  as  interspaces.  The  dorsal  parts  of  these  bands  are 
very  black  and  distinct,  less  distinct  on  sides;  the  fir.st  is  on  the 
shoulders,  second  from  2-5  dorsal  spine,  third  from  7-10  dorsal 
spine,  fourth  from  2-6  dorsal  ray,  fifth  from  12-14  dorsal,  and  the 
sixth  forms  a  black  saddle  ou  caudal  peduncle.  All  of  these  bands 
extend  a  little  obliquely  down  to  the  ventral  surface  of  body.  The 
thorax  has  9  round  brown  spots  half  as  large  as  eye.  The  caudal 
is  brown  with  small  white  spots  and  a  narrow  white  margin.  The 
pectorals  a  3'ellowish  without  distinct  markings.  Anterior  of  ven- 
trals dusky,  remainder  of  fin  white  with  about  9  browm  spots.  Tip 
of  anal  black.  The  general  coloring  of  both  the  anal  and  dorsal  is 
brown  with  lighter  lines  reticulating  through  them.  One  specimen. 
Length  6.5  inches.  Guam,  July  12,  1900.  This  species  is  well 
figured  in  Boul.  Cat.  Fishes,  2  ed.,  p.  223,  PI.  VII.  Hab.  West- 
ern Pacific,  Marianas. 

100-103.     Bpinephelus  hexagonatus  (Bl.).     Gadua. 

Head  2.66;  depth  3.20;  eye  5;  distal  width  of  maxillary  reaches 
to  below  hind  edge  of  orbit  2.50  into  eye;  mandible  1.50  into  head; 
interorbital  1.33  into  eye;  D.  xi  16;  A.  iii  8;  V.  i  5;  P.  16.  Scales 
small  ctenoid,  about  108  in  lateral  line.  Upper  tw'O-thirds  of  hind 
margin  of  preopercle  finely  serrated,  lower  third  coarsely  so.  Hind 
margin  of  opercle  with  three  spines  equidistant  apart,  the  middle 
one  the  largest,  its  length  about  2  into  orbit.  F'ins:  The  caudal  is 
rounded,  its  length  about  2  into  head.  Pecftorals  rounded,  their 
length  1.66  into  head,  their  base  about  equal  to  orbit.  The  soft 
dorsal  and  soft  anal  are  about  equal  in  length,  2.50  into  head. 
Color  in  spirits:  Brown,  with  light  reticulations  covering  the  body, 
giving  the  appearance  of  hexagonal,  sometimes  rounded,  or  more 
or  less  confluent  spots.  These  spots  not  only  cover  the  entire  body 
but  all  the  fins  also.  On  the  pe(5lorals,  however,  the  spots  are 
smaller  and  more  nearly  in  rows.  Four  specimens.  Length  4-8 
inches.  Agaiia,  Guam,  July  12,  1900.  Hab.  Western  Pacific, 
Poh'nesia,  Marianas. 


yS  Dircflor' s  Annual  Report. 

Family  LUTIANID^.— Snappers. 
Genus  I^UTIANUS  Block. 
104-106.  lyUtianus  fulvus  (Bl.).  Kakaka. 
Head  with  flap  2.60;  depth  3;  eye  3.66;  interorbital  less  than 
eye;  snout  3;  D.  x  14;  A.  in,  8.  Scales  52,  which  are  oblique 
above  lateral  line,  horizontal  below.  Maxillary  equal  to  length  of 
snout.  Interopercular  knob  well  developed.  The  vertical  limb  of 
the  preopercle  with  a  deep  emarginatiou  and  a  produced  rounded 
angle;  above  the  notch  the  limb  is  serrated.  Branchiostegals  7. 
Pseudobranchiae  developed.  Body  oblong,  compressed.  Fins: 
Caudal  fin  emarginate.  Length  of  peclorals  equal  to  di.stance  from 
posterior  margin  of  opercle  to  anterior  nostril.  Base  of  anal  about 
4  into  base  of  dorsal.  Ventrals  1.66  into  head.  Color  in  spirits: 
Uniform  yellowish,  with  slight  wash  of  reddish.  A  dusky  splotch 
in  axis  and  on  base  of  pe(5f;orals.  The  upper  third  of  dorsal  black, 
with  a  narrow  white  margin.  Caudal  more  or  less  dusky,  with  a 
narrow  white  margin.  An  indistinct  dusky  mark  near  middle  of 
anal.  Pecflorals  and  ventrals  yellow.  Three  specimens.  L,ength 
6-8  inches.  Guam,  June,  1900.  Hab.  Andamans,  Polynesia, 
Marianas. 

107.     I/Utianus  bengalensis  (Block.). 

Head  2.50,  including  opercle  flap;  depth  3;  eye  4;  interorbital 
2.33  into  snout;  D.  x  15;  A.  in  9;  V.  i  5;  P.  15.  Scales  64.  Max- 
illary 2.66  into  head.  Vertical  limb  of  the  preopercle  with  a  notch 
above  its  rounded  angle.  Interopercular  knob  distinct.  Teeth 
villiform  on  vomer  and  palatines,  small-sized  canines  in  premax- 
illary  with  a  row  of  small  curved  conical  teeth  in  each  jaw.  Gill- 
rakers  of  moderate  size,  13  on  lower  limb.  Fins:  Caudal  forked. 
Pecftorals  equal  to  distance  from  tip  of  opercular  flap  to  hind  nostril. 
Ventrals  about  2  into  head.  Base  of  anal  3.86  into  base  of  dorsal. 
Color  in  spirits:  Yellowish  white,  a  slight  wash  of  bluish  above. 
Four  blue,  brown-edged  stripes,  one-half  as  wide  as  pupil,  along 
sides  of  body;  first  from  interorbital  to  eighth  dorsal  spine,  second 
from  upper  posterior  margin  of  orbit  to  4-6  dorsal  ray,  third  from 
upper  anterior  margin  of  opercle  on  a  line  wdth  middle  of  orbit  to 
behind  the  last  dorsal  ray,  fourth  from  sides  of  snout  below  orbit 
across  opercles  to  middle  of  caudal  fin.  Fins:  Yellowish  white. 
Dorsal  with  dusky  tip.  One  specimen.  I^ength  7  inches.  Guam, 
June  14,  1900.  Hab.  Red  Sea,  seas  of  India,  Malay  Archipelago, 
Marianas. 

108.     I/Utianus  erythropterus  Bl. 

Young-.-  Head  2.50;  depth  2.66;  eye  3.20;  interorbital  6  into 
head;  snout  equal  to  eye;  maxillary  reaches  to  below  the  pupil; 
D.  X,  13  ;  A.  Ill  8.  Scales  55.  Body  oblong,  compressed,  and 
slightly  elevated.     Color  in  spirits:   Yellowish  white,  with  a  slight 


Report   of  a  Mission  to   Guam.  79 

Avash  of  reddish  brown.  Fins:  Yellowish  white,  the  dorsal  with 
a  fine  black  margin.  Twenty-seven  small  specimens.  Length 
about  I  inch.  Guam,  June  i,  1900.  Hab.  Red  Sea,  coast  of 
Africa,  seas  of  India  to  Malay  Archipelago,  Marianas. 

109-110.     I/Utianus  bonhamensis  Gunth.     Mafuti. 

Head  3;  depth  3;  eye  3.66;  interorbital  3.18;  snout  2;  max- 
illary 2.50  into  head,  not  reaching  to  orbit;  mandible  2.20;  D.  x  9; 
A.  Ill  8;  P.  14;  V.  I  5.  Scales  6-48-15.  Body  oblong,  compressed. 
Brachiostegals  6.  Teeth  villiform  in  anterior  portion  of  jaws,  with 
4  canines  in  front  of  them;  the  teeth  in  hind  part  of  jaws  rounded 
molars,  8  on  each  side  behind  the  canines,  the  4  anterior  of  these 
rather  sharply  pointed.  Fins:  Caudal  emarginate.  Pedlorals  about 
the  length  of  head.  Ventrals  reaching  to  anal  opening,  1.50  into 
head.  Base  of  anal  2.66  into  base  of  dorsal,  the  third,  fourth  and 
fifth  dorsal  spines  the  longest — about  one-third  the  depth  of  body. 
Color  in  spirits:  Grayish,  wdtli  a  wa.sh  of  olive;  more  or  less  indis- 
tinct dusky  mottlings  on  back  and  sides;  sometimes  a  large  black 
splotch  on  middle  of  sides.  Axis  of  peAorals  bluish.  Fins  yellow- 
ish white.  Two  specimens.  Length  8-10  inches.  Guam,  June 
14,  1900.     Hab.   Marshall  Islands,  Marianas. 

III.    I^utianus  monostigtna  (Cuv.  &Val.).    Buah. 

Head  2.50;  depth  2.50;  eye  4;  interorbital  5;  snout  about  equal 
to  eye;  maxillary  2.33;  D.  x  13;  A.  iii  8.  Scales  50.  Body  oblong, 
somewhat  compressed.  Maxillary  reaching  to  below  hind  third 
of  eye.  Color  in  spirits:  Whitish,  with  a  slight  wash  of  reddish 
brown.  A  distinct  black  spot  on  the  lateral  line  under  the  anterior 
soft  dorsal  ray.  Fins  yellowish  white.  Tw^o  specimens.  Length 
2  inches.    Guam,  May  26,  1900.     Hab.   Polynesia,  Marianas. 

Family  CIRRHITID^.— Cirrhitoid-fishes. 

Genus  PARACIRRHITES  Steindachner. 

113.     Paracirrhites  arcatus  (Perkins). 

Head  3;  depth  2.50;  eye  4;  interorbital  2  into  snout;  D.  x  11; 
A.  Ill  6.  Scales  5-42-10.  Maxillary  2.30.  Body  oblong  and  com- 
pressed. Branchiostegals  6.  Preopercle  denticulate.  Teeth  villi- 
form in  both  jaws,  with  a  few  small  canines;  villiform  teeth  on 
vomer.  Fins:  Seven  simple  rays  in  the  pecftorals.  Caudal  square. 
Anterior  rays  of  soft  dorsal  elongate.  Base  of  anal  3.25  into  base 
of  dorsal.  Color  in  spirits:  Reddish  brown,  a  wide  white  line  above 
the  lateral  line  from  below  fifth  dorsal  spine  to  the  upper  half  of 
caudal.  A  white,  brown-edged  semicircular  ring  obliquely  behind 
eye.  Three  narrow  oblique  whitish  lines  on  sub-opercle.  One 
specimen.  Length  4.5  inches.  Guam,  June  2,  1900.  Hab.  From 
Mauritius  to  Pacific,  Marianas. 


8o  Dii'cclor's  Amuial  Report. 

Family  GARRID^.— Mojarras. 

Genus  GARRES  Cuvier. 

113.     Garres  argyeus  Cuv.  &  Val. 

Head  3.33;  depth  3;  eye  3.50;  mandible  2.20;  interorbital  3; 
D.  IX  10;  A.  Ill,  8;  P.  16;  V.  I  5.  Scales  45.  Body  slightly  ele- 
vated, oblong  and  compressed.  Snout  very  protracftile.  Branchi- 
ostegals  6.  Psendobranchiae  well  developed.  The  groove  for  the 
processes  of  the  intermaxillary  bones  does  not  extend  to  the  vertical 
from  the  centre  of  the  eye.  Teeth  setiform,  lower  pharyngeal 
bones  firmly  united  by  a  suture.  Fins:  Caudal  well  forked,  scaled. 
Pecftorals  longer  than  head.  The  first  dorsal  spine  is  contained 
1.50  into  head.  The  dorsal  fin  has  a  scaly  sheath  into  which  the 
fin  is  received.  Color  in  spirits:  Uniform  silvery,  tip  of  dorsal 
dusky,  a  dusky  line  from  dorsal  to  forehead,  and  an  indistinct  dusk}' 
blotch  on  tip  of  snout.  One  specimen.  L,ength  15  inches.  Guam, 
July  12,  1900.     Hab.   Red  Sea,  Australia,  Marianas. 

Family  POMACBNTRID^.— Demoiselles. 

Genus  POMACENTRUS  Lacepede. 

114.     Pottiacentrus  punctatus  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

Head  3;  depth  1.66;  eye  2.50;  snout  equal  to  eye;  D.  xii  15; 
A.  II  13.  Scales  24  in  the  lateral  line,  which  terminates  under 
posterior  half  of  soft  dorsal.  Body  short  and  compressed.  Branchi- 
ostegals  5.  Gill-rakers  small,  length  less  than  pupil  of  eye.  Teeth 
small  setiform.  Preopercle  serrated.  Fins:  Caudal  emarginate. 
Ventral  fins  somewhat  produced,  the  longest  ray  greater  than  length 
of  head.  L,ength  of  pectorals  slightly  less  than  head.  The  soft 
anal  slightly  longer  than  soft  dorsal.  Color  in  spirits:  White,  with 
a  slight  wash  of  grayish  brown.  Each  scale  with  a  small  blue  dot, 
larger  dots  on  sides  of  head,  and  a  lighter  wash  on  preorbitals. 
A  black  spot  on  base  of  posterior.  Three  soft  dorsal  rays  and  a 
black  spot  in  axil  of  pedloral  fins.  All  the  fins  yellowish  white,  a 
slight  wash  of  dusk 5^  on  ventrals  and  anal.  Two  specimens.  Length 
2  inches.  Guam,  July  i,  1900.  Hab.  Red  Sea,  Andamans,  Malay 
Archipelago,  Marianas. 

115.     Pomacentrus  trimaculatus  Cuv.  &  Val. 

Head  3;  depth  2;  eye  3;  snout  slightly  longer  than  diameter 
of  eye,  2.66  into  head;  D.  xii  15;  A.  11,  16;  interorbital  equal  to 
eye.  Scales  20  (with  tubules).  Body  short  and  compressed.  Sub- 
orbital arid  posterior  edge  of  preopercle  serrated.  Teeth  small. 
Fins:  Ventrals  with  first  rays  rather  elongate,  equal  to  length  of 
head.  Pedlorals  1.20  into  head.  Caudal  emarginate.  Color  in 
spirits:   Almost  uniform  greenish,  a  dusky  splotch  on  posterior  part 


Rcporf  oj  a   J//ss/o//   to   Ciiiain.  8i 

of  dorsal  fin,  some  bluish  spots  on  opercles  and  cheeks.  Two  nar- 
row blue  lines  go  from  one  orbit  to  the  other.  A  row  of  bluish  dots 
more  or  less  connected  direclly  below  the  eye.  A  narrow  blue  line 
from  front  of  orbit  to  snout.  One  specimen.  Length  2.5  inches. 
Guam.  June  i,  1900.  Hab.  Andanians  to  Malay  Archipelago, 
Marianas. 

116.     Pomacentrus  littoralis  Knhl. 

Head  3.20;  depth  2;  eye  3.50:  snout  and  interorbital  equal  to 
eye;  I),  xiii  14;  A.  11  14.  vScales  19  in  lateral  line  proper,  which 
ends  under  middle  of  soft  dorsal.  Teeth  in  single  row  in  both  jaw\s. 
Sub-orbital  and  vertical  limb  of  preopercle  serrated.  Body  short 
and  compressed,  the  chin  and  forehead  equally  convex.  Greatest 
depth  of  preorbital  about  one-half  diameter  of  eye.  Fins:  Caudal 
emarginate.  Ventrals  longer  than  head.  Pecftorals  equal  to  head. 
Base  of  anal  2.20  times  into  base  of  dorsal,  the  longest  soft  dorsal 
rays  about  equal  to  longest  soft  anal  rays.  Color  in  spirits:  Brown- 
ish olive,  either  uniform  or  with  some  indistinct  darker  spots.  A 
black  spot  at  base  of  pe(5lorals.  An  indication  of  bluish  markings 
oil  sides  of  head,  i.e.,  on  sub-orbital.  Five  specimens.  Length 
2-4  inches.  Guam,  June  i.  1900.  Hab.  Andamans,  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, Australia,  Marianas. 

117.     Pomacentrus  bankanensis  Bleek. 

Head  3.50;  depth  2;  eye  3:  snout  and  interorbital  equal,  and 
each  slightly  less  than  the  eye;  D.  xiii  14;  A.  11  15.  Scales  17  to 
where  line  terminates.  Sub-orbital  and  preopercle  serrated.  Body 
short  and  compressed.  Branchiostegals  5.  Fins:  \'entrals  slightly 
longer  than  head.  Pectorals  equal  to  head.  Base  of  anal  2  into 
base  of  dorsal.  Caudal  emarginate.  Color  in  spirits:  Brownish, 
each  scale  with  a  blue  dot.  Two  narrow  blue  lines  on  forehead, 
converging  on  snout  and  extending  on  to  back.  A  deep  blue,  almost 
black  spot  on  upper  opercle;  another  margined  with  bluish  white 
on  bases  of  the  eleventh,  twelfth  and  thirteenth  soft  dorsal  rays. 
Pectorals  and  caudal  yellowish  white.  \'entrals,  anal  and  dorsal 
more  or  less  dusky.  Three  specimens.  Length  1.50-3.50  inches. 
Guam,  June  2,  1900.  Hab.  Andamans,  Malay  Archipelago,  Mari- 
anas. 

Genus  AMPHIPRION  Block 

118.     Amphiprion  ephippium  Bl.     Gadudog. 

Head  3.25;  depth  .75;  eye  4  into  head;  profile  rounded  and 
blunt;  D.  x,  16;  A.  11,  14.  Scales  7-40-18.  Color:  Brownish  blacky 
lighter  anteriorly  with  a  white  band.  Blue  in  life.  One  and  one- 
half  times  as  wide  as  eye,  extending  from  the  neck  to  eye,  and 
down  along  the  opercle  and  preopercle,  ending  in  an  acute  angle 

O.  p.  B.  p.  B.  M.— Vol..  I.,  No.  -V 


82  Direclor' s  Annual  Repoii. 

on  the  sub-opercle.  Fius:  \"eutrals  and  anal  black.  Pedlorals, 
caudal  peduncle  and  fin  yellow.  The  spinous  dorsal  is  dusky,  the 
soft  dorsal  is  light  yellow.  The  posterior  of  caudal  and  anal  is 
rounded;  the  posterior  of  dorsal  forms  an  acute  angle.  The  inter- 
orbital  space  is  about  twice  as  wide  as  eye.  The  opercles  are  all 
distincflly  toothed  and  ridged  on  their  posterior  parts.  Fovir  speci- 
mens, 3-4.50  inches  in  length,  were  secured  inside  the  reef,  Agafia, 
Guam,  June  14,  1900.  Hob.  vSea  of  Amboyna,  Polynesia,  Mari- 
anas. 

119.     Amphyprion  bicinctus  Riipp. 

Head  3.50;  depth  2;  eye  3  into  length  of  head  and  less  than 
length  of  snout;  D.  x,  16;  A.  11,  14.  Scales  about  7-44-20.  Color: 
Blackish  brown,  with  two  china-white  cross  bands — blue  in  life; 
the  first  is  of  equal  width  with  ej-e  and  extends  over  the  neck  verti- 
cally down  to  lower  edge  of  opercle,  the  other  extends  vertically 
down  from  the  eighth -ninth  dorsal  spine  to  the  anal  opening. 
Anterior  part  of  head,  thorax  and  fins  orange.  Fins:  Posterior  of 
anal  and  dorsal  fins  form  acute  angles.  The  caudal  is  emarginate, 
the  upper  lobe  produced.  Pectorals  long,  reaching  to  second  white 
band.  Teeth:  In  single  series,  small,  conical.  Opercle  and  pre- 
orbital  armed  with  teeth,  those  on  the  opercle  and  sub-opercle  being 
almost  as  long  as  width  of  pupil.  One  specimen  secured  at  Agaiia, 
Guam,  July  14,  1900.  Length  3  inches.  Hah.  Red  Sea,  Poly- 
nesia. Marianas. 

Genus  ABUDEFDUF  Forskal. 
120.     Abudefduf  septemfasciatus  Cuv.  &  Val. 

Head  3.20;  depth  1.86;  eye  3.86;  interorbital  2.50;  D.  xiii  12; 
A.  II  11;  V.I  5.  Scales  3-22-11.  Body  oblong,  compres.sed  and 
elevated.  Snout  2.50  into  head.  A  small  e3^elid  on  upper  anterior 
part  of  eye.  Preoperculum  not  denticulate.  Teeth  fixed,  com- 
pressed, in  a  single  series.  Fins:  Vertical  fins  scaled.  The  cau- 
dal well  forked,  the  upper  lobe  the  longest.  Length  of  longest 
dorsal  ra}'  1.20  into  head,  length  of  longest  dorsal  spine  1.66  into 
head.  Pedlorals  equal  to  length  of  ventrals,  slightly  longer  than 
head.  Anal  rounded,  the  longest  ray  equal  to  longest  ray  of  dorsal; 
the  base  is  2.66  times  into  base  of  dorsal.  A  small  flat  spine  from 
posterior  margin  of  opercle.  Color  in  spirits:  Ground  color  of 
silvery  gra3'ish ,  with  seven  brownish  cross  bands  which  are  broader 
than  the  interspaces;  first,  rather  indistinct  from  occiput  to  pre- 
operculum; second,  from  nape  and  anterior  base  of  dorsal  to  pec- 
toral; third,  fourth,  fifth  and  sixth  extend  from  the  dorsal  fin;  the 
seventh  from  a  band  on  the  caudal  peduncle  direcftly  behind  the 
dorsal  and  anal  fins.  Fins  dusky,  except  the  pecftorals  which  are 
whiti.sh  with  a  black  spot  on  upper  base.     Upper  part  and  sides  of 


Report  of  a  MissioJi  to  Guam.  83 

snout  blackish.  One  specinie'n.  lyength  6.50  inches.  Guam, 
June  I,  1900.  Hub.  Mauritius  to  Philippine  Islands,  coast  of 
China,  Marianas. 

121.     Abudefduf  brownriggii  Benn. 

Head  3.68;  depth  3;  eye  2.66;  snout  and  interorbital  space 
equal  and  less  than  e3'e;  D.  xiii  13;  A.  11,  13.  Scales  26.  Inferior 
orbital  and  preopercles  not  serrated.  Bod}'  compressed  and  rather 
.short,  the  snout  and  chin  quite  short  and  rounded.  Color  in  spirits: 
Bluish  to  yellowish  brown,  some  with  small  blue  dots,  some  speci- 
mens with  one  or  two  black  spots  on  base  of  soft  dorsal  fin.  One 
specimen  has  a  lighter  yellowish  band  around  caudal  peduncle,  and 
a  large  yellow  splotch  on  opercles.  Some  specimens  have  two  blu- 
ish lines  on  forehead.  Four  specimens.  Length  1-3.25  inches. 
Guam,  June  i,  1900.     Hab.   Polynesia,  Marianas. 

122.    Abudefduf  antjerius  Kuhl. 

Head  3;  depth  2.20;  eye  3;  snout  and  interorbital  space  equal, 
and  less  than  ej-e;  D.  xiii  13;  A.  11  13.  Scales  26.  The  scales 
on  top  of  head  are  continued  forward  to  anterior  margin  of  eye. 
Bod}-  short,  compressed.  Branchiostegals  5.  Pseudobranchige 
present.  The  anterior  profile  is  rather  more  short  and  stubby  than 
in  most  species  of  this  genus.  Fins:  Caudal  slightly  forked.  Pec- 
torals about  equal  to  length  of  head.  Base  of  anal  2.55  into  base  of 
dorsal.  Color  in  spirits:  Brownish,  almost  without  markings,  to 
bluish  with  two  or  three  minute  lighter  dots  on  each  scale.  A  black 
spot  at  the  base  of  dorsal.  One  specimen  is  lighter  on  belly  and 
thorax.  A  blue  line  along  sub-orbital.  A  black  spot  in  upper 
axis  of  pecTiorals.  Caudal  yellow.  Peclorals  )-ellowish  white,  re- 
maining fins  dusky.  Two  specimens.  Length  2  inches.  Guam, 
July  14,  1900.  Hab.  From  Red  Sea  to  India  and  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, Marianas. 

123.     Abudefduf  lacrymatus  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

Head  2.66;  depth  2.05;  eye  2.86;  snout  equal  to  interorbital 
and  less  than  orbit;  orbitals  and  preopercles  not  serrated;  D.  xii  14; 
A.  II  13.  Scales  27.  The  tubules  of  lateral  line  ending  under 
middle  of  soft  dorsal,  the  line  being  continued  by  small  circular 
pores.  The  preorbital  above  angle  of  mouth  one-half  diameter  of 
eye.  Body  .short  and  compressed.  Branchiostigals  5.  Pseudo- 
branchiae  present.  Teeth  small,  compressed,  and  in  a  single  row. 
Fins:  Ventrals  equal  to  length  of  head.  Caudal  emarginate.  Base 
of  anal  3  into  base  of  dorsal.  Color  in  spirits:  Brown,  with  small 
scattered  blue  spots,  some  specimens  almost  plain.  Hind  portion 
of  soft  dorsal  and  caudal  yellowish  white.  Pedtorals  white  with 
black  at  base.  Anal  and  ventrals  dusky.  Seven  specimens  (young) . 
Length  1-2  inches.  Guam,  July  23,  1900.  Hab.  Coast  of  Java, 
Ternate,  Marianas. 


84  Dircflor  s  Annual  Report. 

124.  Abudefduf  dickii  Lienard.     Fomho. 

Head  3.20;  depth  1.66:  eye  3;  snout  equal  to  eye;  interorbital 
2.66  into  head;  D.  xii  15;  A.  11  14.  Scales  30.  Body  short  and 
compressed.  Opercles  entire.  Teeth  compressed  and  iu  a  single 
row.  The  tubular  portion  of  the  lateral  line  stops  below  posterior 
end  of  soft  dorsal  fin.  Fins:  Caudal  well  forked.  The  anterior 
rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  somewhat  prolonged.  Rays  of  ventral  equal 
to  or  slightly  longer  than  head.  \'ertical  fins  scaled.  Color  in 
spirits:  Grayi.sh  brown,  with  a  black  band  on  posterior  third  of 
bod}',  descending  from  third-seventh  dorsal  ra3-s  to  middle  of  soft 
anal.  Caudal  and  pectorals  yellowish  white,  slightly  du-sk}-  at  tip, 
the  remaining  fins  dusky.  One  specimen.  Length  4  inches.  Guam, 
June  14,  iQOO.     Hab.  Samoa,  Caroline  Islands,  Marianas. 

125.  Abudefduf  amboinensis  (Bleeker). 

Head  2.30;  depth  2.33;  eye  2.66;  interorbital  equal  to  orbit; 
maxillary  2.66;  scales  2-27-7;  D.  xiii  9;  A.  11  10.  Body  oblong, 
compressed.  Snout  shorter  than  diameter  of  eye,  each  jaw  with 
about  40  small  teeth.  Fins:  Dorsal  and  anal  fiins  with  their  mid- 
dle raj'S  longest.  Caudal  deeply  forked  with  the  lobes  much  pro- 
duced. Pecftorals  and  ventrals  of  about  equal  length,  i  into  head. 
Color  in  spirits:  Brownish  violet,  slightly  lighter  below.  A  deep 
brown  spot  at  base  and  in  axil  of  pe(5lorals.  All  the  fins  more  or 
less  washed  with  bluish,  except  pectorals  which  are  white.  Six 
specimens.  Length  3.50  inches.  Guam,  June  14,  1900.  Hab. 
Amboyna,  Marianas. 

Gknus  TETRADRACHMUM  Cantor. 

126.     Tetradrachttium  aruanum  Linn. 

Head  3.50;  depth  1.75;  eye  2.75  into  length  of  head;  snout 
slightly  shorter  than  width  of  eye;  D.  xii  13;  A.  11  11.  Scales 
3-26-1 1.  Color:  Whitish  with  three  broad  black  cross  bands,  the 
fir.st  ascending  obliquely  upwards  and  back  from  the  chin  through 
ej-e  to  base  of  spinous  dor.sal;  the  second  covers  the  ventral  fins 
and  extends  in  a  slightly  curved  course  to  the  fifth -ninth  dorsal 
spines  ;  the  third  embraces  the  .soft  anal,  extends  ventrally  up- 
wards on  to  the  soft  dorsal.  Caudal  fin  white.  The  interorbital 
space  is  white.  This  is  a  very  abundant  little  fi.sh  about  the  coral 
reefs,  and  were  easily  caught  by  lifting  the  chunks  of  dead  coral 
out  of  the  water  and  holding  it  over  a  net,  the  fishes,  which  were 
hidden  in  the  holes  of  the  coral,  dropping  out  into  the  net.  One 
hundred  and  twenty-five  .specimens  were  secured.  Length  .50-2.50 
inches.  Guam,  June,  1900.  Hab.  Ea.stern  coa.st  of  Africa,  seas 
of  India,  Polynesia  and  New  Zealand,  Marianas.  Numerous  at 
the  Andamans,  Nicobars  and  Burmah.  Much  rarer  in  western 
than  in  ea.stern  India. 


Report  of  a   Mission   to   (iuaiii.  85 

Family  LABRID^. — Urkssh-fishes. 

Okxis  HARPE  Lacepedk.. 

127-128.     Harpe  axillaris  (Benn).     Higum. 

Head  3:  depth  3;  eye  4.66;  interorbital  3.50;  D.  xii  10;  A.iir  12. 
Scales  4-32-12.  Body  oblong  and  compressed.  Branchiostigals  6. 
Pseudobrancliise  present.  Teeth:  The  four  anterior  canines  conical 
and  free,  teeth  on  sides  of  jaws  in  single  row,  a  posterior  canine  at 
angle  of  jaws.  Fins:  Caudal  square.  Pe(5lorals  and  ventrals  of 
about  ecjual  length,  1.50  into  head.  Base  of  anal  2.25  into  base  of 
dorsal.  Color  in  spirits:  Head  and  anterior  third  of  body  brown, 
posterior  two-thirds  yellowish  white  (salmon  color  in  life).  Caudal 
yellow.  Spinous  dorsal  brown.  Posterior  half  of  soft  dorsal  and 
anal  fins  yellowish  white.  Ventrals  more  or  less  spotted  with  brown. 
A  deep  black  spot  on  first  three  dorsal  spines,  another  on  upper 
part  of  first  three  dorsal  rays.  A  bright  black  spot  on  base  and  in 
axil  of  pecloral  fins.  A  big  black  spot  on  outer  half  of  first  fiv^e 
anal  rays.  Two  specimens.  lycngth  4-6.50  inches.  Guam,  June, 
1900.     Hab.   Seas  of  India  to  New  Hebrides,  Marianas. 

Genus  ANAMPSES  Cuvier. 

129.    Anampses  coeruleopunctatus  (Rupp.).    Tatalum. 

Head,  from  end  of  opercle  flap  to  tip  of  snout,  3;  depth  3;  eye 
6.50;  interorbital  3.66;  D.  ix  12;  A.  iii  12;  P.  13;  V.  i  5.  Scales 
5-2S-10.  No  .scales  on  head.  Body  oblong,  compressed.  Branchi- 
ostegals  6.  Teeth  in  jaws  in  one  row,  the  two  front  ones  being 
prominent,  diredled  forward  with  compressed  cutting  edges.  Lateral 
line  continuous,  bending  down  for  three  rows  of  scales  under  seventh 
dorsal  ray.  Fins:  Caudal  slightly  rounded.  Pecftorals  1.50  into 
head.  \"entrals  2.  Base  of  anal  about  equal  to  head,  2  into  base 
of  dorsal.  Color  in  spirits:  Brownish,  each  scale  with  a  round  blue 
spot  margined  with  black.  Head  unspotted,  but  with  8-10  blue 
lines,  most  of  which  radiate  from  the  eje,  three  extend  almost 
vertically  down  from  the  orbit.  Base  of  pedlorals  black,  pedlorals 
yellow.  Ventrals  dusk}-,  the  first  rays  blue.  Caudal  dusky,  with 
numerous  blue  spots.  Dorsal  and  anal  with  two  or  three  rows  of 
spots  or  lines.  One  specimen.  Length  8  inches.  Agaiia,  Guam, 
June  14,  1900.  Hab.  Red  Sea,  east  coast  of  Africa,  Mauritius,  seas 
of  India,  Polynesia,  Marianas. 

Genus  CHEILINUS  Lacepede. 
130.     Cheilinus  trilobatus  Lacep.     Gadu. 

Head  2.50;  depth  2.66;  eye  6.50;  interorbital  4.50;  D.  ix  10; 
A.  Ill  8;  P.  11;  V.  I  5.  Scales  2-22-5.  Lateral  line  interrupted. 
Head  scaled,  two  rows  of  scales  on  the  cheeks,  three  scales  in  lower 


86  Dircfior' s  Anmial  Report. 

row  which  overlap  the  lower  limb  of  preopercle.  Teeth  in  a  single 
row,  the  two  anterior  teeth  in  each  jaw  enlarged  canines;  no  canine 
tooth  at  angle  of  jaws.  Lower  pharyngeals  J_shaped,  the  teeth 
of  the  lower  limb  rounded  and  in  two  rows,  the  middle  one  the 
largest.  Color  in  spirits:  Greenish,  head  with  whitish  (red  in  life) 
red  stripes  and  dots,  three  very  distinct  oblique  lines  running  from 
eye  down  sides  of  snout.  Each  scale  of  body  with  whitish  vertical 
lines  (red  in  life).  The  body  is  indistin(5tly  banded  with  about 
five  very  wide  dusky  bands,  the  most  distinct  ones  covering  about 
half  of  the  caudal  peduncle.  Vertical  fins  green  with  whitish  mar- 
gins. Pedlorals  yellow,  ventrals  green.  One  specimen.  Length 
8  inches.  Guam,  June  2,  1900.  Hab.  East  coast  of  Africa,  China, 
New  Hebrides,  Marianas. 

131.    Cheilinus  fasciatus  (Bl.). 

Young:  Head  2.60;  depth  2.50;  eye  4.20;  D.  ix,  10;  A.  iii  8; 
P.  11;  V.  I  5.  Scales  23.  Lateral  line  interrupted.  Tw^o  rows  of 
.scales  on  the  cheeks,  the  lower  row  with  three  scales.  Two  anterior 
teeth  enlarged,  canines;  no  canine  tooth  at  angle  of  jaws.  Color 
in  spirits:  Green,  with  seven  and  one-half  narrow  yellowish  cross 
bands,  two  incomplete  ones  on  the  nape.  The  third  is  from  the 
3-4  dorsal  spines  to  posterior  of  ventrals;  the  fourth  is  from  the 
sixth  dorsal  spine  to  mid-way  between  ventrals  and  anal;  the  fifth 
is  from  8-9  dorsal  spine  to  1-3  anal  spine;  the  sixth  is  from  3-4 
dorsal  ray  to  anal;  the  sixth  and  seventh  are  on  the  caudal  peduncle, 
the  seventh  occupying  the  base  of  the  caudal  fin.  The  thorax  and 
lower  half  of  head  and  tip  of  snout  are  yellowish  white  (probably 
red  in  life).  A  short  black  line  crosses  the  opercular  flap  and  base 
of  pectorals.  One  specimen.  Length  3  inches.  Agaiia,  Guam, 
June  2,  1900.     Hab.  Polynesia,  Marianas. 

133-134.     Cheilinus  nigropinnatus  sp.  nov. 

Head  2.50;  depth  2.55;  e3^e  3.75;  snout  3.50,  about  equal  to 
interorbital;  D.  ix  10;  A.  iii  8.  the  third  anal  spine  the  longest; 
V.  I  5;  P.  II.  Scales  2-22-6.  Lateral  line  interrupted.  Teeth  in 
a  single  row  in  each  jaw,  the  six  anterior  ones  the  largest,  curved 
and  proje(5ling.  Snout  sharp-pointed,  mouth  protradtile.  Cheeks 
with  2  rows  of  very  large  scales  which  entirely  cover  the  whole  of 
preopercle.  The  scales  all  over  the  body  are  distinctly  striated. 
The  tubes  of  the  lateral  line  are  unbranched.  Body  oblong,  slightly 
compressed.  The  upper  profile  from  anterior  base  of  dorsal  to  tip 
of  the  pointed  snout  almost  straight  and  on  an  angle  of  20°  with 
axis  of  body,  its  length  2.50  into  length  of  fish  exclusive  of  caudal. 
Eight  rows  of  scales  in  front  of  dorsal.  Pharyngeal  teeth  J_ shaped 
with  2  rows  of  teeth  on  po.sterior  limb.  Fins:  Origin  of  dorsal 
slightly  posterior  to  origin  of  ventrals.  Base  of  anal  2  into  base  of 
dorsal.     Pectorals  2  into  head.     Ventrals  1.75  into  head.     Color  in 


Report  of  a   Mission  to  (iiiain.  87 

spirits:  Very  light  brown  (dull  red  in  life),  the  free  portion  of  tail 
with  a  distinct  band  of  yellowish  half  as  wide  as  eye  and  margined 
with  dusky  around  anterior  part.  Another  yellowish  band  bordered 
more  or  less  distinctly  with  dusky  just  back  of  eye  over  the  nuchial 
region  to  lower  edge  of  opercles.  Ventral  fins  jet  black  and  cover- 
ing a  dusk}'  spot  on  bell}'.  The  three  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays 
each  have  a  large  black  spot  margined  with  yellowish.  More  or 
less  dusky  on  tip  of  spinous  dorsal;  otherwise  fins  yellowish  white. 
Three  specimens.  Length  3  inches.  Guam,  May  25,  1900.  Hab. 
Marianas.  This  species  seems  to  be  a  conne<5ling  form  between 
C/iei/inns  and  Pseiidocheilinus.  It  is  doubtful  if  the  latter  genus  is 
well  founded.     Type  of  species  No.  134  B.  P.  B.  M. 

Genus  CORIS  Lacepede. 

135-136.     Coris  pulcherrima  Gunth. 

Head  3.55;  depth  3.55;  eye  6.50;  interorbital  5.66;  D.  ix  12; 
A.  Ill  12.  Scales  small,  84  in  lateral  line  Body  oblong,  com- 
pressed. Branchiostegals  6.  Teeth  in  a  single  row,  no  posterior 
canine  teeth.  Lateral  line  continuous.  Fins:  Caudal  rounded. 
Peclorals  1.50  into  head.  The  first  dorsal  ray  elongate.  Base  of 
anal  much  longer  than  head,  1.50  into  base  of  dorsal.  Color  in 
spirits:  Dark  brown  with  wash  of  bluish,  blue  dots  the  size  of  pupil 
scattered  over  the  body,  becoming  more  numerous  on  posterior  part 
of  fish.  A  series  of  blue  dots  run  from  eve  along  the  base  of  dorsal 
fin.  Two  broad  reddish  violet  stripes  (rather  indistinct  in  speci- 
mens before  me  )  on  the  sides  of  heacl,  one  from  tip  of  snout  through 
eye  to  flap  of  opercle,  the  other  just  below  the  orbit  from  gape  to 
po.sterior  edge  of  opercle  on  a  line  with  base  of  pectorals.  There 
is  a  dark  violet  line  on  the  isthmus.  The  general  color  of  head  is 
a  shade  lighter  with  a  3'ellowish  wash.  Lips  yellow.  Caudal  and 
pecftorals  bright  yellow.  Dorsal  and  anal  yellowish  with  2  rows  of 
blue  dots  and  margined  with  blue.  Ventrals  yellowish  with  wash 
of  blui.sh,  the  first  rays  of  deep  blue.  Two  specimens.  Length 
6-8  inches.  Agaiia,  Guam,  July  12,  igoo.  The  material  at  hand 
will  not  warrant  the  writing  of  C.  pulchcrrinia  with  C.  formosa. 
Hab.   Western  Pacific,  Polynesia,  Hawaiian  Islands,  Marianas. 

137.     Coris  aygula  Lacep.     Tatanung. 

Head  3.20;  depth  3.20;  eye  8.25;  interorbital  5;  D.  ix  12;  A.  iir 
12;  P.  14;  V.I  5.  Scales  19-65-5.  Lateral  line  continuous.  No 
scales  on  the  head.  Nape  of  neck  with  rather  prominent  hump. 
Body  oblong,  compressed.  The  upper  lip  is  very  broad,  with  folds. 
Teeth:  The  two  anterior  teeth  are  large,  curved  canines;  no  canine 
tooth  at  angle  of  jaws;  pharyngeal  teeth  J_shaped,  with  blunt 
round  teeth  in  more  than  2  rows  on  lower  limb.  Fins:  Caudal 
sub-truncate.     Pectorals    1.66    into  head.     Outer  rav  of  ventrals 


88  Dircfloj-^s  Annual  Report. 

elougate,  1.30  into  head.  Base  of  anal  1.66  into  base  of  dorsal. 
The  2  anterior  dorsal  spines  somewhat  elongate.  Color  in  spirits: 
Blackish,  fins  seem  to  be  almost  uniform  with  color  of  body,  ex- 
cept there  is  a  wash  of  bluish  green  on  the  pe(5lorals  which  are 
margined  wnth  yellow.  The  opercular  flap  is  a  very  deep  blue. 
One  specimen.  Length  13  inches.  Guam,  June  28,  1900.  Hab. 
Mauritius,  Red  Sea,  Australia,  Marianas. 

Genus  HAIylCHOERES  Ruppell. 

138.     Halichoeres  hortulanus  Lacep. 

Head  3;  depth  3;  eye  6.50;  interorbital  4.66;  D.  ix  11;  A.  11  10; 
P.  14.  Scales  3-24-10.  Lateral  line  continuous,  but  bent  abruptly 
down  on  posterior  part  of  bod}'.  No  scales  on  head,  the  scales 
on  thorax  smaller  than  those  on  sides.  Teeth:  A  single  row  in 
each  jaw,  the  four  anterior  ones  in  each  jaw  curved  canines;  the 
two  anterior  ones  the  longest;  a  single  canine  at  angle  of  jaws. 
The  pharyngeal  teeth  are  _L shaped,  with  one  or  two  big  teeth  in 
middle  of  lower  limb  slightly  convex,  1.50  into  head,  same  length 
as  pe(5torals.  Base  of  anal  is  contained  2.66  into  base  of  dorsal. 
The  first  ventral  rays  prolonged  1.66  into  head.  Color  in  spirits: 
Posterior  two-thirds  of  body  a  light  brown  slightly  washed  with 
)^ellowish.  Each  scale  has  a  square  black  spot  in  centre;  belly 
without  spots.  Head  wdth  bluish  longitudinal  bands,  two  on  the 
forehead;  another  extends  from  shoulder  to  snout  through  the 
upper  part  of  eye;  the  next  is  a  short  line  from  posterior  edge  of 
orbit  to  shoulder,  two  short  lines  on  opercle,  and  the  other  extends 
from  anterior  edge  of  opercle  to  the  under  jaw.  The  anterior  part 
of  back  has  a  series  of  round  bluish  spots.  Two  3'ellowi:sh  spots  on 
the  back,  the  first  below  4-5  dorsal  spine,  the  second  below  the  4-5 
dorsal  rays;  the  anterior  of  these  spots  is  followed  by  a  black  splotch 
larger  than  the  spot.  Caudal,  anal,  ventral  and  pectoral  white, 
with  wash  of  yellowish.  Dorsal  fin  with  brown  oblique  lines  enclos- 
ing round  spots.  Two  specimens.  Length  1-6  inches.  Agafia, 
Guam,  July  14,  igoo.     Hab.   Africa  to  Pol5mesia,  Marianas. 

139.     Halichoeres  nebulosus  (Cuv.  &  Val.). 

Yo2ing:  Head  3;  depth  3.50;  eye  4.20;  interorbital  5;  D.  ix  11; 
A.  Ill  11;  P.  13;  V.  15,  the  outer  raj'S  prolonged.  Scales  2-29-9, 
no  scales  on  head.  Lateral  line  continuous.  Scales  on  thorax 
smaller  than  on  sides.  Body  oblong,  compressed.  Pharyngeal 
teeth  J_ shaped,  the  two  middle  ones  on  lower  limb  the  largest. 
Teeth  of  jaws  in  single  row,  the  two  anterior  ones  in  each  jaw  the 
largest,  sharp,  conical,  and  projecting  forward.  A  canine  tooth  at 
angle  of  jaws.  Fins:  Caudal  square.  Petlorals  1.66  into  head, 
its  base  5,  its  shortest  ray  3  into  head.  Base  of  anal  r.83  into  base 
of  dorsal.     Color  in  spirits:   ITpper  part  of  body  with  light  and  dark 


Report  of  a   A  fission  /<>   (iiia»i.  89 

blotches  and  spots.  Three  or  four  indistinct  short  silver\-  bands 
on  sides  of  belly  covered  by  the  pectorals.  A  bluish  black  spot 
just  back  of  orbit.  Opercular  lobe  dark  violet  preceded  by  a  silvery 
spot.  About  7  yellowish  white  spots  on  the  bach,  along  the  base 
of  the  dorsal.  Head  with  several  reddish  violet  bands,  the  outer 
one  extending  from  gape  to  the  middle  of  opercle;  the  one  just 
above  it  extends  from  raaxillar\-  through  lower  part  of  orbit,  where 
it  branches,  one  branch  curving  down  along  the  posterior  margin 
of  the  opercle  but  not  forming  a  complete  ring.  There  are  about 
three  yellowish  cro.ss  bands  on  top  of  the  head.  Dorsal  fin  with  a 
small  black  spot  between  its  1-2  spines  and  a  larger  black  ocelus 
between  the  2-3  soft  rays,  and  blue-tipped  with  a  yellowish  white 
dark-edged  band  through  the  middle.  Caudal  yellowish.  Ventrals 
and  pectorals  yellowish  white.  Three  specimens.  Length  3  inches. 
Guam,  July  14,  1900.     Hab.  Red  Sea,  East  Indies,  Marianas. 

140.  Halichoeres  opercularis  Gunth. 

Voioig:  Head  3;  depth  3.50;  eye  4;  interorbital  5;  D.  ix  11; 
A.  Ill  10.  Scales  2-29-9.  Body  oblong,  compressed.  Color  in 
spirits:  Scales  of  upper  half  of  bod\-  have  dark  brown  margins  with 
lighter  centres.  A  series  of  five  or  six  whitish  spots  along  base  of 
dorsal.  A  silver}-  dark -edged  band  from  gape  to  opercles.  A  violet 
spot  behind  orbit;  another  larger  one  edged  with  dark  brown  on 
the  extremity  of  operculum.  Lower  half  of  body  whitish,  with  two 
silvery  lines  on  the  sides  of  abdomen  descending  obliquely  fonvard. 
A  black  spot  on  dorsal  between  1-2  spines;  a  larger  vellow-edged 
spot  between  1-3  dorsal  soft  rays.  Anal  white  with  grayish  spots 
at  base.  Caudal  yellow,  tipped  with  dusky.  Two  specimens. 
Length  2  inches.  Guam,  July  14,  1900.  Hab.  Fiji  Islands,  Am- 
boyna,  ^^larianas. 

141.  Halichoeres  leparensis  (Bleek.). 

Youn^:  Head  3.30;  depth  4.20;  eye  4;  interorbital  4.  Scales  26. 
Lateral  line  continuous,  no  scales  on  head.  Bodj-  oblong,  com- 
pressed. Color  in  spirits:  Faded  into  almost  uniform  light  olive 
^ray.  Dorsal  fin  with  large  black  spot  between  1-2  spines  and  1-2 
soft  rays;  also  indication  of  8-9  minute  dark  dots  along  base  of 
dorsal  and  a  small  black  spot  at  base  of  caudal;  otherwise  fins 
white.  An  indication  of  narrow  vertical  bands — a  brownish  white 
line  from  behind  margin  of  orbit  continued  in  lighter  shade  of  color 
to  caudal.  One  specimen,  badl}'  faded.  Length  1.50  inches. 
Guam,  July  14,  1900.     Hab.   East  Indian  Archipelago,  Marianas. 

142.     Halichoeres  nigropunctatus  sp.  nov. 

Head  Z-Zl'-  depth  3.33;  eye  5;  interorbital  4,  equal  to  snout; 
D.  IX  11;  A.  iir  11;  P  12;  V.  I  5.  Scales  2-30-9.  Lateral  line 
continuous.     No  .scales  on  head;  scales  on  the  thorax  smaller  than 


go  Director  s  Annual  Report. 

those  on  the  sides.  Teeth:  A  single  row,  with  the  four  anterior 
teeth  in  each  jaw  enlarged;  projedling  canines;  a  canine  tooth  at 
the  angle  of  the  jaws.  The  pharyngeal  teeth  J_  shaped,  with  one 
very  large  tooth  in  the  middle  of  the  cross,  flanked  on  each  side 
hy  two  smaller  ones,  the  anterior  limb  of  the  J_  with  about  12 
saw-tooth-like  teeth.  Body  oblong,  compressed.  Fins:  The  cau- 
dal is  square;  length  of  its  exposed  rays  on  median  line  equal  to 
longest  ra}'  of  ventrals,  1.66  into  head.  Height  of  caudal  peduncle 
2  into  head.  Longest  ray  of  pe(5lorals  1.33  into  head,  the  shortest 
rav  2.50,  the  base  4.  Base  of  anal  1.66  into  ba.se  of  dorsal.  The 
last  ra}'  of  dorsal  equal  in  length  to  last  ray  of  anal,  2.50  into  head. 
The  spinous  portion  of  dorsal  fin  not  so  high  as  soft  portion.  Color 
in  .spirits:  Ground  color  pearl  white  with  a  slight  wash  of  pinkish 
and  yellow.  The  entire  body  and  opercles  covered  with  black  spots, 
larger  than  the  interspaces;  in  fact,  the  ground  color,  except  on  the 
back  and  belly  appears  as  narrow  3'ellowish  white  reticvilations  all 
over  the  body.  These  colors,  being  very  sharply  defined,  give  the 
fish  a  most  striking  calico-like  appearance.  On  the  back,  for  a 
space  about  two-thirds  the  width  of  eye  on  each  side  of  the  dorsal 
fin  the  ground  color  appears  without  black  markings,  which  gives 
the  appearance  of  a  yellowish  band  from  the  snout  along  the  back 
to  caudal  fin.  This  yellowish  white  of  the  back  is  marked  by  about 
9  small  indistinct  silvery  splotches  on  each  side  of  the  dorsal;  the 
last  three  form  short  narrow  silvery  bands  over  the  caudal  peduncle; 
a  small  silvery  line  extends  down  on  the  snout  from  the  forehead 
to  lips;  a  pinkish  dark-margined  stripe  half  as  wide  as  eye  from 
anterior  of  orbit  to  maxillary;  a  .silvery  stripe  of  equal  width  below 
it  from  orbit  to  gape;  below  this  is  another  pinkish  dark-edged  .stripe 
from  lower  margin  of  orbit,  forming  a  complete  band  under  chin;  a 
branch  of  this  line  encircling  a  silver}'  spot  on  the  posterior  part  of 
each  lower  mandible.  The  remaining  markings  on  sides  of  head 
are  uniform  with  markings  of  the  body.  Caudal  fin  yellowi-sh  with 
five  dark  cross  bands.  Dorsal  with  short  oblique  line  alternating 
with  dark  lines  which  fade  out  on  upper  part  of  fin.  Anal  with  12 
round  black  spots  edged  with  .silvery  white  on  its  inner  half;  outer 
half  whiti.sh  with  faded  darker  spots;  margin  of  fin  blackish. 
Ventrals  with  a  black  spot  at  base,  and  two  dark  cross  bands  on 
the  ray,  the  inner  one  wider  and  mo.st  distinct;  outer  third  of  fin 
yellow.  Pectorals  yellow.  One  specimen.  Length  4.50  inches. 
Agafia,  Guam,  Julv  2,  1900.  Hab.  Marianas.  Type  is  No.  142, 
B.  P.  B.  M. 

Genus  JUI/IS  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes. 
143-146.    Julis  anertensis  (Gunth.). 

Head  3.50;  depth  3.50;  eye  5.50;  interorbital  4;  D.  viii  13; 
A.  II  13.  Scales  28.  Body  oblong,  compressed.  Snout  not  pro- 
duced.   Anterior  teeth  conical.     Inferior  pharyngeal  teeth  not  con- 


Report  of  a  Mission  to  (iuaiii.  91 

fluent  or  pavement-like.  Branchiostegals  6.  Fins:  Caudal  deeply 
lunate.  Length,  longest  ray  etjual  to  head;  the  shortest  ray  2.20 
into  head.  Pecftorals  1.25  into  head.  Ventrals  1.50.  Base  of  anal 
about  I  into  head,  2  into  base  of  dorsal.  Color:  Head  violet  with 
about  five  oblique  or  longitudinal  lines  of  greenish  with  darker 
edges;  three  of  these  lines  centre  in  the  orbit.  Body  greenish,  the 
vertical  streak  on  each  scale  very  indistinct.  Pecflorals  with  a  broad 
obliqvie  black  band  across  its  posterior  half,  and  with  a  black  spot 
at  the  axis.  A  black  spot  between  second  and  third  dorsal  spines; 
two  fine  brown  lines  run  the  entire  lenth  of  the  dorsal,  one  near  the 
base,  the  other  just  above  the  middle  of  its  height;  they  are  the 
margins  of  a  broad  band  of  greenish  along  the  middle  of  the  fin. 
Anal  with  a  similar  line  running  a  little  above  its  middle,  sepa- 
rating the  bluish  basal  portion  from  the  outer  yellowish  white. 
Caudal  yellowish  white  with  a  yellowish  band  having  fine  brown 
edges  along  the  upper  and  lower  margins  of  the  fin.  Six  speci- 
mens. Length  2.50-7  inches.  Guam,  July  14,  1900.  Hab.  North 
coast  of  Australia,  New  Hebrides,  Norfolk  Island,  Marianas. 

147.  Julis  purpurea  (Forsk.). 

Head  3.33;  depth  3.33;  eye  7.50;  interorbital  4.33;  D.  viir  13; 
A.  II  11;  V.  I  5.  Scales  27.  Head  entirely  naked.  Body  oblong, 
slightly  compressed.  Snout  not  produced.  Branchiostegals  6. 
Teeth  in  a  single  row,  two  anterior  canines  in  each  jaw,  no  posterior 
canine.  Fins:  The  caudal  is  slightly  emarginate,  the  upper  and 
lower  rays  being  slightly  produced.  Pectorals  1.50.  Ventrals 
about  2.  Base  of  anal  equal  to  length  of  head,  1.66  into  base  of 
dorsal.  Color  in  spirits:  Grayish  with  a  wash  of  green,  two  broad 
red  bands  (faded  into  whitish)  from  head  to  caudal  fin;  another 
brownish  violet  band  along  the  back  to  the  caudal  fin,  the  red  lines 
along  the  sides  send  up  vertical  processes  joining  each  other. 
A  broad  red  line  extends  from  posterior  part  of  orbit  obliquely  back, 
branching  into  two  on  the  opercle.  An  orange  line  on  lips  and 
another  across  snout  just  above  the  lips.  Top  of  head  purplish. 
A  yellowish  line  across  upper  boundary  of  interorbital.  Dorsal  fin 
with  upper  half  pea-green,  lower  half  whitish  separated  by  a  dusky 
line.  A  black  spot  between  1-3  spines.  Anal  with  upper  half 
}ellowish  white,  the  lower  half  greenish  separated  by  a  dusky  line. 
Pecliorals  yellow  with  black  tips.  Caudal  greenish.  One  speci- 
men— length  8  inches,  and  8  young,  2-5  inches.  Agaiia,  Guam, 
July  14,  1900.     Hab.  Seas  of  India,  Africa,   Poh'iiesia,  Marianas. 

148.  Julis  punctatus  sp.  nov. 

Head  3.25  ;  depth  4  ;  eye  6  ;  interorbital  4.25  ;  D.  viii  13  ; 
A.  Ill  10;  P.  15;  V.  I  5.  Scales  8-27-2.  Head  entirely  naked. 
Scales  on  thorax  smaller  than  on  sides.  Body  oblong,  slightly 
compressed.     Teeth  in  single  row,  tw^o  large  canines  in  each  jaw, 


92  Di'jrclors  Annual  Report. 

no  canine  at  angle  of  jaws.  Fins:  Caudal  is  slightly  convex  with 
the  angles  scarcely  prolonged.  Pedlorals  1.50  into  head,  its  base 
4.50;  the  shortest  ray  is  equal  to  base.  Ventrals  short,  their  long- 
est ray  2.25  into  head.  Base  of  anal  is  contained  1.86  into  base  of 
dorsal.  The  last  soft  rays  of  anal  and  dorsal  of  equal  length,  4  into 
head.  Anterior  dorsal  spine  5.75.  Color  in  spirits:  Ground  color 
whitish  with  wash  of  grayish  olive.  The  scales  of  the  back  and 
down  to  lateral  line  on  sides  have  dark  brown  centres.  A  black 
spot  about  size  of  eye  forms  a  saddle  on  the  caudal  peduncle  just 
back  of  the  dorsal  fin.  The  scales  of  the  lateral  line  are  without 
dark  centres.  On  the  sides  of  the  body  below  the  lateral  line  are 
two  longitudinal  rows  of  alternating  dark  and  white  (probably  red 
in  life)  blotches  of  about  equal  size,  there  being  six  pairs  of  dark 
blotches  on  each  side;  these  blotches  are  separated  vertically  b}'  a 
row  of  scales  without  brown  centres.  Belly,  thorax  and  chin  with- 
out markings.  Sides  of  head  without  definite  lines,  a  yellow  dark- 
edged  band  over  snout.  Top  of  head  and  upper  part  of  snout  with 
narrow  bluish  reticulations.  Caudal  clear  yellow  (base  probably 
red  in  life ) .  Dorsal  yellow  with  a  dusky  blotch  between  2-3  dorsal 
spine.  Pedlorals  j^ellow  with  axil  dusky.  Ventrals  yellow.  The 
upper  parts  of  opercles  are  brownish.  One  specimen.  Length 
7  inches.     Agaiia,  Guam,  Jul}'  14,  1900.     Hab.  Marianas. 

Genus  STETHOJULIS  Gunther. 

149.     Stethojulis  renardi  (Bleek.). 

Head  2.83  ;  depth  3.75  ;  eye  6  ;  interorbital  4.25  ;  D.  ix  11; 
A.  II  II  ;  P.  14.  Scales  10-29-2;  no  scales  on  the  head;  the  scales 
on  the  thorax  as  large  or  larger  than  those  on  the  sides.  Lateral 
line  continuous.  Body  oblong,  compressed.  Fins:  Ba.se  of  pec- 
torals slightly  above  the  axis  of  bod}',  their  length  1.50  into  head. 
A^entrals  2.60  into  head.  Base  of  anal  2.20  into  base  of  dorsal. 
Caudal  rounded.  Color  in  spirits:  Bluish  above,  white  with  slight 
wash  of  blue  below.  Body  with  four  longitudinal  stripes;  the  upper, 
very  narrow  and  indistinct,  extends  from  occiput  along  base  of  dorsal 
fin;  the  others  are  j-ellowish  white — the  second  is  from  in  front  of 
nostrils  through  upper  part  of  eye  to  caudal;  there  is  a  small  black 
dot  above  its  termination;  the  third  extends  from  the  maxillary, 
below  the  eye  to  a  line  with  posterior  edge  of  base  of  peclorals;  the 
fourth,  so  far  as  can  be  distinguished,  extends  up  from  the  isthmus 
along  the  gill  openings  to  a  little  below  base  of  pedlorals,  whence 
it  curves  backwards  and  ends  on  a  line  front  of  anal.  One  speci- 
men. Length  4  inches.  Agaiia,  Guam,  July  14,  1900.  Hab. 
East  Indiaii  Archipelago,  Marianas. 

150.     Stethojulis  fulvoventris  sp.  nov. 

Head  3;  depth  3.20;  eye  4.75;  interorbital  4.20;  D.  ix  11; 
A.  Ill  11;   P.  15;   V.  I  5.     Scales  2-29-9.     Lateral  line  continuous. 


Repoii  oj  a   Mission  to  (iiiani.  P3 

No  scales  on  the  head,  the  scales  on  the  thorax  larger  than  on 
the  sides.  Upper  lip  broad,  lower  lip  double.  The  pharyngeal 
teeth  _Lshaped,  not  pavement-like.  Teeth  in  jaws  in  single  series, 
the  anterior  ones  (in  young)  not  especially  long,  a  canine  tooth 
at  angle  of  jaws.  Body  oblong,  compressed.  Branchiostegals  6. 
Fins:  Caudal  is  rounded.  Pec^lorals  1.50  into  head,  base  4.50, 
.shortest  ray  equal  to  base.  Base  of  anal  1.86  into  base  of  dorsal. 
\'entrals  2.33  into  head.  Color  in  spirits:  Above  brownish  with 
purplish  wash,  each  scale  with  three  or  four  small  dots  of  blui.sh 
green,  dots  thicker  and  more  minute  on  top  of  head  and  upper  half 
of  opercle.  Sides  of  body  below  axis,  belly,  thorax  and  chin  yel- 
lowish white  with  slight  bluish  wash;  the  centre  of  the  scales  a 
shade  darker,  which  gives  an  indistinct  streaked  appearance. 
A  3-ellowish  white  line,  broadest  anteriorly,  extends  from  lips  acrcss 
cheeks,  just  touching  lower  margin  of  orbit,  and  back  to  caudal, 
becoming  indistinct  posteriorly.  Just  above  this  line,  extending 
from  head  to  caudal  fin,  is  a  narrow  dusky  line.  Two  small  black 
dots  on  each  side  of  caudal  peduncle;  these  dots  are  margined  with 
blue.  Base  and  axes  of  pectorals  blackish.  A  curved  white  line, 
wide  as  the  pupil,  extends  from  edge  of  opercle  above  and  around 
the  inside  axis  of  the  pecftorals.  Fins:  All  whitish,  an  indistinct 
indication  of  bluish  dots  on  dorsal;  no  black  spot  on  last  dorsal  ray. 
Four  specimens.  Length  about  3.50  inches.  Agaiia,  Guam,  June 
14,  1900.  This  species  is  near  S.  strigivcntcr  (Benn.).  Hab. 
Marianas.     Type  specimen  150  B.  P.  B.  M. 

Genus  GOMPHOSUS  Lacepede. 

151-154.     Gomphosus  pectoralis  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

Head  2.66;  depth  4;  e>e  7.5;  interorbital  6.50;  D.  viii  13; 
A.  II  II.  Scales  2-29-1 1  Snout  much  produced.  Body  oblong, 
compressed.  Teeth  conical,  no  po.sterior  canines.  Fins:  Caudal 
truncate,  the  outer  rays  not  produced.  Pectoral  2  into  head,  its 
base  equal  to  length  of  its  shortest  ray.  Base  of  anal  i  .86  into  base 
of  dorsal.  Color  in  spirits:  Reddish  brown  on  top  of  head  and  body, 
becoming  lighter  on  belly  and  whitish  on  thorax  and  lower  half  of 
head.  The  scales  of  body  darker  at  their  ba.ses.  A  dark  band 
from  snout  through  eye — in  some  specimens  two  bands  maj'  be  dis- 
tinguished behind  the  eye.  A  black  spot  at  upper  axis  of  pectorals. 
Caudal  yellow  for  its  posterior  half.  Dorsal  and  anal  dusky,  with 
a  narrow  margin  of  yellow,  the  anal  with  a  row  of  transparent  spots 
on  its  inner  half.  Pectorals  and  ventrals  yellow.  Five  specimens. 
Length  3-5.50  inches.  Guam,  June  19,  1900.  Hab.  Mauritius  to 
Malay  Archipelago,  Marianas. 

155-156.     Gomphosus  tricolor  Quoy  &  Gaim.     I/Oro. 

Head  2.50;  depth  4.20;  eye  10.5;  interorbitals  7;  distance  from 
anterior  of  orbit  to  tip  of  snout  i  .86  into  head:   D.  viii  13:   A.  11  11. 


94  Direflor's  Anmial  Report. 

Scales  2-26-8.  Bod}-  obloug,  elevated,  compressed.  Snout  ver}' 
much  produced.  Anterior  teeth  conical,  no  posterior  canines. 
Branchiostegals  6.  Fins:  Caudal  with  its  outer  rays  rather  pro- 
duced. Pe(5torals  2  into  head.  Base  of  anal  2  into  base  of  dorsal. 
Color  in  spirits:  Deep  bluish,  a  yellow  splotch  extending  from  lower 
part  of  pecloral  axis  to  a  little  above  a  lateral  line  on  the  shoulders; 
this  splotch  is  as  wide  as  the  orbit.  Pedlorals  dusky  with  a  deep 
blue  band  across  posterior  third.  Dorsal  and  anal  fins  yellowish, 
without  markings  of  any  kind.  The  caudal  is  yellow,  with  the 
three  outer  rays  on  each  margin  bluish  green.  Ventrals  greenish. 
Two  specimens.  lycngth  10  inches.  Guam,  June  14,  1900.  Hab. 
East  Indian  seas,  west  part  of  Pacific,  Marianas,  Hawaiian  Islands. 

157.    Gottiphosus  pacificus  sp.  nov. 

Head  2.50;  depth  4;  e3^e7.5;  interorbital  6;  D.  viii  13;  A.  iii  11. 
Scales  2-27-9,  the  tubes  of  the  lateral  line  much  branched.  Body 
oblong,  compressed,  the  snout  much  produced.  Teeth  small,  coni- 
cal; no  po.sterior  canine  teeth.  Branchiostegals  6.  Height  of  cau- 
dal peduncle  3  into  head.  Pins:  Caudal  truncate.  Pedlorals  are 
half  as  long  as  head,  their  base  6  into  head,  and  their  shortest  fin 
ray  is  one-half  the  length  of  the  longest  ray.  The  ba.se  of  anal  is 
contained  2.55  times  into  base  of  dorsal.  Ventrals  short,  about  3 
into  head.  Color  in  spirits:  Head,  including  lower  part,  back, 
caudal  peduncle  and  sides  a  sepia  brown,  the  scales  with  a  black 
spot  at  base.  The  thorax  and  belly  is  lighter,  being  a  bistre,  with- 
out the  dark  spot  at  base  of  scales.  A  narrow,  indistinct  whitish 
line  half  as  wide  as  eye  in  axis  of  peAorals  and  extending  two  rows 
of  scales  above  the  base  of  the  fin.  The  pectorals  are  brown,  with 
a  broad  indistinct  white  band  across  their  outer  half,  the  base  of 
the  fin  black.  Ventrals  yellowish  white,  with  outer  ra}^?  reddish 
brown.  Posterior  half  of  caudal  yellowish.  The  inner  half  of  dorsal 
and  anal  is  dark  greenish,  while  the  outer  half  is  3'ellowish  white. 
One  specimen.  I^ength  6.20  inches.  Guam,  June  14,  1900.  This 
species  is  probably  more  nearl}-  related  to  G.  pedoralis  than  any 
other  described  form,  but  it  differs  markedly  in  having  the  under 
chin  sepia  brown  instead  of  white,  in  having  a  whitish  band  on  the 
pectorals,  in  the  different  length  of  the  base  of  anal  fin  into  base  of 
dorsal,  and  in  having  a  whitish  line  behind  the  pedlorals;  also  in 
the  different  markings  of  the  dorsal  and  anal  fins.  Hab.  Marianas. 
Type  is  No.  157  B.  P.  B.  M. 

Genus  CHEILIO  Lacepede. 

158.    Cheilio  inermis  Bl. 

Head  3;  depth  7;  eye  5.66;  maxillary  4.20;  mandible  2.59; 
interorbital  4  into  length  of  snout;  D.  ix  14;  A.  iii  12.  Scales  50. 
Body  elongated  and  nearly  cylindrical,  mouth  more  or  less  pro- 
tractile.    Teeth  in  a  single  row,  the  two  anterior  teeth  in  each  jaw 


Report   of  a  Mission  to   Guam.  95 

the  largest,  110  posterior  canines.  Fins:  Caudal  slightly  rounded. 
Pectorals  2.20  into  head.  Base  of  anal  1.40  into  base  of  dorsal. 
Ventrals  small,  1.50  into  snout.  Color  in  spirits:  Brown,  with  a 
slight  wash  of  reddish;  lower  parts  white,  a  dark  line  along  sides 
from  caudal  to  eye.  Caudal  brownish.  Dorsal,  pectorals  and  ven- 
trals whitish.  Anal  whitish,  with  short  oblique  lines  and  dots  of 
pale  bluish.  The  margin  of  the  fin  is  dusk}-.  One  specimen. 
Length  8  inches.  Guam,  June  2,  1900.  Hab.  Red  Sea,  .seas  of 
India,  Polynesia,  Marianas. 

Family  SCARID^. — Parrot-fishes. 

Genus  SCARTJS  Forskal. 

466.     Scarus  celebricus  (BL). 

Head  2.66;  depth  3;  eye  8.50;  interorbital  about  3;  D.  ix  11; 
A.  II  8;  V.  I  5;  P.  15.  Scales  2-23-6.  Body  oblong,  oval.  Jaws 
large,  very  convex,  the  upper  slightly  projecting.  Anterior  teeth 
soldered  together;  a  conical  tooth  at  the  angle  of  the  upper  jaw. 
Upper  lip  narrow,  not  covering  half  the  upper  jaw.  Scales  very 
large,  c^-cloid ;  lateral  line  interrupted  ;  two  row^s  of  scales  on 
cheeks,  no  scales  on  lower  limb  of  preopercle.  Fins:  The  first  dor- 
sal spine  is  the  shortest,  its  length  about  equal  to  diameter  of  eye. 
Caudal  is  almost  square.  Pectorals  1.50  into  head.  Ventrals 
smaller,  about  2  into  head.  Base  of  anal  equal  to  length  of  pec- 
torals, about  2  into  base  of  dorsal.  Color  in  spirits:  The  teeth  are 
a  faded  bluish  green,  with  cutting  edges  white.  The  general  color 
of  the  fish  is  a  du.sk}'  greenish.  A  line,  probably  red  in  life,  passes 
longitudinally  through  or  behind  the  eye;  these  lines,  and  indeed 
all  the  distinctive  colorings,  are  badly  faded.  The  caudal  peduncle 
seems  to  be  lighter  in  color.  The  fins  have  faded  so  the  markings 
are  not  distinguishable,  although  evidenth-  made  up  of  two  colors, 
probably  red  and  green.  One  specimen.  Length  8  inches.  Agaiia, 
Guam,  July,  1900.     Hab.   China  Seas,  Western  Pacific,  Marianas. 

160.     Scarus  cypho  sp.  nov. 

Head  3;  depth  3.20;  eye  6;  interorbitals  3.50;  D.  ix  10;  A.  iii  9; 
P.  14.  Scales  2-24-6,  lateral  line  interrupted,  the  tubes  branched. 
Two  rows  of  scales  on  the  cheeks,  \\\\\\  five  scales  in  lower  row;  the 
opercular  limb  is  entirely  bare.  Pharyngeal  teeth  pavement-like, 
about  twice  as  long  as  wide,  the  anterior  ones  the  longest.  Teeth 
in  jaws  quite  projeAing,  their  length  equal  to  orbit;  two  canine 
teeth  at  angles  of  upper  jaw.  Body  oblong,  compre.s.sed;  the  upper 
profile  of  back  quite  convex.  The  snout  is  much  produced.  The 
lips  are  rather  narrow^  scarcely  covering  one-half  the  jaws.  Fins: 
The  caudal  is  lunate.  The  pectorals  1.33  into  head,  their  base  5, 
their  shortest  ray  4.  Ventrals  1.50.  Base  of  anal  1.50  into  head, 
2.83  into  base  of  dorsal.     The  dorsal  has  4  .series  of  scales  in  front 


96  Dircilors  Annual  Report. 

of  it  and  four  behind  it,  its  base  is  convex,  its  posterior  rays  are  the 
longest,  being  about  3  into  head.  Color  in  spirits:  A  uniform  light 
green,  a  darker  blotch  extending  over  top  of. head  and  upper  part 
of  opercles.  Teeth  greenish  at  base  with  white  margins.  Lips  a 
brighter  green  with  wash  of  yellowish,  a  narrow  black  line  near 
their  margins.  Fins  greenish,  dorsal  with  narrow  intermarginal 
line  of  black.  Anal  with  broad  edge  of  brighter  green,  a  narrow 
black  line  through  its  outer  third,  inner  two-thirds  white  with  wash 
of  green.  \"entrals  white  with  slight  greenish  wash.  Caudal  green, 
lighter  in  centre,  with  dusk}-  intermarginal  line.  One  specimen. 
Length  9.5  inches.  Agaiia,  Guam,  July  12,  1900.  This  species 
is  characterized  by  the  five  scales  in  lower  row^  on  cheeks,  its  con- 
vex back,  projecting  snout,  elongated  dorsal  fins,  and  rather  narrow 
lips.  Its  coloring  is  similar,  in  spirits,  X.o  P.  batavicnsis,  Bl.  Hab. 
Marianas.     Type  is  No.  160,  B.  P.  B.  M. 

Genus  PSEUDOSCARUS  Bleeker. 

161.  Pseudoscarus  bataviensis  (Bl.). 

Plead  3.25;  depth  3.25;  eye  6.25;  interorbital  3.20;  D.  ix  10; 
A.  Ill  9;  P.  14.  Scales  2-23-5.  Two  rows  of  scales  on  the  cheeks, 
the  lowest  with  six  scales.  The  lips  are  broad,  almost  covering 
.the  upper  teeth.  A  conical  tooth  at  angle  of  jaws.  The  preoper- 
cular  limb  is  entirely  bare.  Body  oblong,  compressed.  The  upper 
profile  of  back,  from  shoulders  to  middle  of  soft  dorsal,  straight. 
Snout  short,  blunt:  length  from  anterior  edge  of  orbit  to  tip  of  teeth 
2.66  into  head.  Fins:  Caudal  is  lunate,  the  outer  rays  being  about 
one-third  longer  than  middle  ray.  Pectoral  ray  1.20  into  head. 
Ventrals  i  .50.  Base  of  anal  i  .50  into  head,  2.50  into  base  of  dorsal. 
Color  in  spirits:  Greenish,  more  or  less  dusky  on  upper  opercles 
and  shovilders.  Teeth  whitish.  Fins  greenish,  the  caudal  yellow 
in  the  middle,  the  tip  black.  Dorsal  with  dusky  margin.  Outer 
third  of  anal  green,  a  black  line  through  the  middle,  the  inner  two- 
thirds  being  greenish  white.  \'entrals  with  a  wash  of  yellow.  One 
specimen.  Length  9  inches.  Agafia,  Guam,  July  12,  1900.  Hab. 
Batavia,  Marianas. 

162.  Pseudoscarus  platodoni  sp.  nov. 

Head  2.66:  depth  3.25;  eye  6.50:  interorbital  3.25;  D.  ix  10; 
A.  II  9;  \\  I  5;  P.  14.  Scales  2-23-5,  the  lateral  line  interrupted. 
Two  rows  of  scales  on  cheek,  no  scales  on  lower  limb  of  opercle. 
Lips  rather  narrow,  scarcely  covering  half  the  jaws.  Body  oblong, 
slightly  compressed.  Snout  very  blunt;  from  the  interorbital  to 
the  posterior  edge  of  upper  teeth  the  profile  is  straight;  the  length 
of  the  upper  front  teeth  being  slightly  greater  than  e^'e;  no  pos- 
terior canine  tooth.  There  are  4  rows  of  scales  in  front  of  dorsal. 
The  distance  from  anterior  edge  of  orbit  to  tip  of  teeth  is  2.50  into 


Repoi't  of  a  Mission  to  Guam.  97 

head.  Fins:  The  caudal  is  slig^htly  rouuded,  its  length  1.66  into 
head.  The  longe.st  ray  of  pe(5loral  is  1.50  into  head,  its  base  4.50. 
Ba.se  of  anal  is  1.50  into  head,  2.25  into  base  of  dorsal.  The  ven- 
trals  are  short,  about  2  into  head — about  equal  to  longe.st  dorsal 
spine.  Color  in  spirits:  Olive  brown,  the  scales  covered  with 
slightly  darker  centres.  All  the  fins,  with  the  exception  of  the 
pectorals,  are  black.  Pecftorals  yellowish  white,  teeth  yellowish 
white,  chin  whitish,  iris  yellowish.  The  young  are  similarly 
colored.  Two  specimens.  Length  3-6  inches.  Agaiia,  Guam, 
July  14,  1900.  This  species  is  chiefly  characfterized  by  the  very 
broad  yellowish  teeth,  which  give  the  snout  a  very  blunt — almost 
square — tip;  by  the  narrow  lip,  and  the  uniform  coloring  of  the 
body.     Hab.   Marianas.     Type  No.  162  B.  P.  B.  M. 

163.    Pseudoscarus  sumbawensis  Bl. 

Head  3;  depth  3;  eye  5.50;  interorbital  3.25;  D.  ix  10;  A.  11  9; 
V.  I  5;  P.  14.  Scales  2-24-5.  Body  oblong,  compressed.  Upper 
jaw  slightl}'  the  longer.  A  .sharp  canine  tooth  at  angle  of  upper 
jaws.  Two  rows  of  scales  on  cheek.  The  lower  preopercular  limb 
is  naked.  Upper  lip  very  broad,  almost  covering  the  upper  teeth. 
The  pharyngeal  teeth  pavement-like,  their  width  2  into  their 
length.  Lateral  line  is  interrupted.  Fins:  Caudal  is  emarginate, 
with  angles  produced.  Pectorals  1.25  into  head.  Ventrals  1.25. 
Base  of  anal  1.50  into  head,  2.50  into  base  of  dorsal.  Color  in 
spirits:  Violet-olive.  Dorsal,  anal  and  caudal  fins  darker.  Ven- 
trals and  pedtorals  yellowish.  Two  specimens.  Length  3-7  inches. 
Guam,  July,  1900.     Hab.   Marianas. 

Family  CH^TODONTID^.— Coral-flshes. 

Genus  CH^TODON  (Artedi)  Linn^us. 

164-168.     Chsetodon  ephippium  Cuv.  &  Val. 

Head  3.88;  depth  1.66;  eye  3.50;  interorbital  4;  D.  xiii  23; 
A.  Ill  22;  V.  I  5.  Scales  9-37-14.  Bod}'  elevated  and  .strongly 
compres.sed.  The  snout  rather  produced,  the  lower  jaw  longer. 
Lower  edge  of  the  preopercle  slightl}'  serrated.  Branchiostegals  6. 
Teeth  setiform.  Fins:  Dorsal  spines  are  of  moderate  strength,  the 
longest  spine  2  into  head.  Posterior  part  of  dorsal  and  anal  rounded, 
the  soft  dorsal  has  a  short  projedling  filament.  Caudal  square,  the 
longest  ray  1.50  into  head.  Color  in  spirits:  Yellowish  white  with 
about  9  indistinct  browni.sh  longitudinal  lines,  half  as  wide  as  iris, 
below  the  axis.  A  big  black  patch  broadly  edged  with  white  an- 
teriorly occupies  all  the  upper  posterior  part  of  the  fish,  including 
most  of  the  dorsal  fin.  Posterior  edge  of  the  dorsal  yellow,  fol- 
lowed by  a  narrow  black   line  and  terminally  tipped  with  white. 

O.  p.  B.  p.  B.  M.— Vol.  I.,  No.  .^. 


gS  Direflor's  Annual  Report. 

A  short  and  narrow  but  perfecliy  distinct  ocular  band  of  black 
extends  through  the  eye  and  to  about  the  width  of  the  eye  above 
and  below  the  orbit.  A  short  vertical  line  extends  up  from  the 
base  of  the  pectorals  just  behind  the  posterior  edge  of  the  opercles. 
Another  narrow  black  line  beginning  at  the  base  of  the  fourth 
dorsal  spine  extends  obliquely  downward  and  forward  to  near  the 
base  of  the  pe(51:orals.  \>ntrals,  pecftorals,  anal  and  caudal  fins 
white.  Tip  of  snout  yellow.  Iris  yellow,  invaded  by  the  black 
ocular  band.  Four  specimens,  3-4  inches  in  length,  were  secured 
inside  the  coral  reef,  Agaiia,  Guam,  July  14,  1900.  Hab.  Western 
Pacific,  Polynesia,  Marianas. 

169-171.     Chaetodon  satifer  Bl. 

Head  3;  depth  1.50;  eye  3.50  into  head;  D.  xiii  24;  A.  in  20. 
Scales  rather  large,  about  35  in  lateral  line.  Teeth  setiform,  the 
jaws  rather  projecfling,  the  under  one  slightl>-  the  longer.  A  black 
ocular  band,  indistinct  and  narrow  above  the  eyes;  below  it  is  dis- 
tinct, slightly  wider  than  eye  and  edged  anteriorly  with  white. 
Color:  Whitish;  the  posterior  part,  including  caudal  peduncle  and 
fin,  all  of  soft  dorsal,  and  a  broad  edge  to  anal,  a  bright  yellow. 
Body  with  about  five  darkish  hypo-dermal  bands  passing  back- 
wards and  upwards  on  the  upper  anterior  third  of  body,  and  about 
ten  passing  downward  and  backward  on  posterior  two-thirds  of 
body.  Top  of  dorsal  behind  the  fifth  ray  with  a  round  black 
white-edged  spot.  The  .soft  dorsal  is  narrowh'  edged  with  black, 
and  has  a  fine  filament  from  upper  posterior  part.  vSoft  anal  and 
the  caudal  with  a  narrow  submarginal  line  of  black,  the  margin 
white.  On  the  upper  posterior  third  of  the  body  two  or  three  of  the 
spaces  between  the  black  lines  are  colored  yellow,  which  gives  the 
appearance  of  there  being  three  yellow  lines  angularly  bent  with 
the  angle  pointing  forward  on  that  part  of  the  body.  There  are 
about  five  bright  yellow  lines  on  the  forehead,  between  and  above 
the  eyes.  The  young  specimen  before  me  has  the  upper  posterior 
third  of  body  dusky;  descending  from  the  posterior  part  of  this 
dusky  patch  is  a  rather  indistinct  blackish  line  extending  into  the 
soft  anal  fin  where  it  forms  an  acute  angle  and  extends  forward. 
There  is  a  very  slight  indication  of  this  marking  in  the  larger 
specimens.  Three  specimens,  length  4-5  inches,  were  caught  inside 
the  reef.  Guam,  July  14,  1900.  Hab.  From  the  Red  Sea  through 
all  the  Indian  Seas  to  Polynesia,  Marianas. 

172.     Chaetodon  citrinellus  (Brouss.). 

Head  3.50;  depth  1.75;  eye  3.13  into  head;  D.  xiV2i;  A.  in  17. 
vScales  6-40-14.  Color:  Yellowish  with  round  bluish  spots  in  the 
skin  under  the  translucent  scales,  the.se  spots  forming  more  or  less 
distinct,  slightly  oblique  lines  from  head  to  tail,  less  distinct  pos- 
teriorly.    A  black  ocular  band   edged   with   yellow  from   base  of 


Report  of  a  Missjo)i  to  (iitaiit.  99 

spinous  dorsal  through  eye  to  isthmus.  Tip  of  snout  black.  Fins: 
Anal  tipped  \vith  a  black  band,  almost  as  wide  as  ocular  band. 
This  black  band  on  anal  is  edged  inwardly  with  a  bright  yellow 
band  of  about  equal  width.  Pecftorals,  ventrals,  caudal  and  dorsal 
white,  the  dorsal  narrowly  edged  with  dusky.  The  dorsal  and  anal 
forming  an  acute  angle  posteriorly.  A  series  of  four  specimens 
were  secured  inside  the  coral  reef,  Agaiia,  Guam,  July  9,  1900. 
These  range  in  length  from  3-3.75  inches.  Hab.  Polynesia,  Mo- 
lucca Sea,  Marianas. 

173.     Chaetodon  collaris  Bl. 

Head  3.50;  depth  1.20;  eye  2.75  into  head;  snout  obtuse,  about 
equal  in  length  to  diameter  of  eye;  preopercle  slightly  serrated; 
D.  XII  26;  A.  Ill  21.  Scales  5-45-22.  Fins:  The  peClorals  and 
spinous  dorsal  are  white;  the  ventrals  and  anal  are  black;  the  cau- 
dal is  white  with  two  black  lines  and  one  yellow  line  near  the  end: 
the  dorsal  is  grayish  with  a  bright  yellow  line  near  edge  of  soft 
dorsal — this  fin  also  has  a  minute  subterminal  line  of  black.  The 
posterior  part  of  dorsal  and  anal  are  sharply  rounded,  the  general 
outline  forming  an  acute  angle.  The  caudal  peduncle  is  black. 
Color  in  spirits:  The  general  color  is  a  blackish  olive  with  irreg- 
ular rows  of  longitudinal  or  oblique  lines  of  yellowish  round  dots 
showing  through  each  scale.  This  coloring  extends  from  the  black 
belly  and  anal  fin  up  to  the  lateral  line.  In  the  specimen  before 
me  the  lateral  line  is  made  very  conspicuous  by  having  five  or  six, 
rows  of  the  round  yellow  dots  running  parallel  with  it.  It  is  \i«3nr 
noticeable  that  these  color  dots  are  not  so  bright  a  yellow^  on' 
the  upper  half  as  on  the  lower  part  of  the  body;  the  fading,  how- 
ever, is  gradual.  There  is  a  broad  black  ocular  band  wider  than 
the  e3'e  and  edged  with  bright  yellow,  except  on  upper  third;  this 
black  band  extends  to  and  embraces  the  ventrals.  All  the  front 
part  of  head  is  black  or  dark  brown,  with  a  bright  yellow  line  which 
forms  the  anterior  border  of  ocular  band,  extending  vertically  down 
from  the  front  edge  of  one  orbit,  under  chin,  to  the  other  orbit. 
The  interorbital  space  is  slightly  lighter  brown  and  is  indistinctly 
surrounded  by  pale  yellowish  lines,  the  upper  one  of  which  forms 
the  upper  anterior  border  of  the  black  ocular  band.  From  base  of 
pectorals  to  base  of  ventrals  and  forward  to  ocular  band  there  is  a 
bright  yellow  area;  above  this  and  just  back  of  ocular  band  there 
is  a  grayish  area  or  band  wider  than  the  ocular  band.  This  gray- 
i.sh  color  embraces  all  the  dorsal  fin  and  extends  down  to  the  lateral 
line.  Variations:  In  the  "Fische  d.  Sudsee"  this  species  is  figured 
as  having  the  grayish  coloring  extending  more  than  half-way  down 
the  sides  wdth  an  abrupt  whitish  line  (gray  area  in  my  specimen) 
between  this  color  and  the  ocular  band.  In  "Fishes  of  India"  this 
species  is  figured  with  a  narrow  "bluish  white"  band  just  posterior 
of  ocular  band,    and   all   the   color  dots   run  in  a  marked  oblique 


lOO  Dire n or' s  Annual  Report. 

direction,  and  apparently  there  is  no  difference  in  the  coloring  on 
the  sides  of  the  fish.  Da3''s  figure  also  shows  an  additional  yellow 
ring  around  the  snout.  Four  specimens  were  secured.  lycngth 
about  2-4  inches.  Guam,  July  14,  1900.  Hab.  Seas  of  India  to 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  Marianas. 

174.     Chsetodon  ornatissimus  (Solander). 

Young:  Head  3;  depth  1.36;  eye  2.50  into  head;  D.  xii  24; 
A.  Ill  23.  Scales  in  lateral  line  55.  The  snout  is  but  slightly 
pointed  and  shorter  than  diameter  of  the  eye.  Fins:  Ventrals  and 
caudal  yellow,  the  latter  with  black  cross  band  in  middle.  Pedforals 
white,  about  equal  in  length  to  ventrals.  Posterior  edge  of  soft 
dorsal  and  anal  yellow  with  black  tips.  Color:  Yellowish  white 
with  seven  dusky  j^ellow  oblique  bands,  about  half  as  wide  as  orbit, 
extending  backward  and  upward  along  sides  of  the  body.  A  black 
band  along  the  division  of  opercle  and  preopercle.  A  black  ocular 
band,  equal  in  wddth  to  iris,  extends  through  the  eye  and  around 
head;  it  is  widest  on  forehead.  Interorbital  space  black.  A  black 
line  around  snout  and  chin.  L<ower  jaw  black.  Two  specimens  were 
secured  inside  the  coral  reef  of  Guam,  June  9,  1900.  Length  1.75 
inches.     Hab.   From  the  Molucca  Sea  to  Polynesia,  Marianas. 

175.     Chaetodon  lunula  Lacep. 

Head  about  3;  depth  1.50;  eye  3.50  into  head,  1.20  into  snout; 
D.  XII  24;  A.  Ill  18.  Snout  slightly  produced.  Teeth  setiform. 
Fins:  Yellowish,  white  in  spirits.  Scales  in  lateral  line  42.  Color: 
A  black  ocular  band,  broader  than  eye,  crossing  the  interorbital 
space  and  extending  to  branchiostegals.  Head  behind  this  band 
is  white.  Snout  and  throat  yellowish  white,  white  in  spirits.  Bor- 
dering on  the  w^iite  band  on  back  of  head  is  a  triangular  black  area 
extending  back  to  base  of  fifth  dorsal  spine;  three  oblique  yellow 
lines  extend  across  this  black  area  up  and  backwards  towards  the 
dorsal,  the  lower  one  forming  the  lower  border  of  the  black  area. 
About  the  seventh  dorsal  spine  a  black  line  begins,  which  widens 
and  extends  along  the  base  of  soft  dorsal,  forming  a  band  on  caudal 
peduncle.  This  black  band  on  caudal  peduncle  is  bordered  front 
and  rear  with  yellow.  The  remaining  surface  of  fish  is  yellowish, 
slightly  dusky  above,  with  about  fourteen  indistinct  dusk}-,  oblique, 
epidermal  lines  on  the  sides  extending  upward  and  back.  Caudal 
fin  almost  square,  broadly  wdiite -tipped,  with  a  fine  sub-terminal 
curved  line  of  black.  In  specimens  preserved  in  spirits  the  yellow 
coloring  all  fades  into  white.  Variations:  The  young  have  a  black 
spot  with  white  rim  on  the  soft  dorsal.  In  "Fishes  d.  Sudsee"  this 
species  is  figured  as  having  the  ocular  band  extending  dow^n  to  the 
margin  of  the  preopercle.  It  is  so  described  by  Day  in  "Fishes 
of  India".  Thus  differing  from  the  Guam  specimens  which  have 
the   ocular  band  extending  to  the  branchiostegfals.     The   Guam 


Report  of  a  Jl/issioii  to  (luaiii.  loi 

form  also  has  more  dusky  on  the  upper  part  of  body.  Two  speci- 
mens, length  about  2.50  inches,  were  secured  inside  the  coral  reef 
near  Agaiia,  Guam,  July,  1900.  Hab.  Seas  of  India,  Andaman 
Island  to  Malay  x\rchipelago,  Polynesia,  Marianas. 

176.     Chsetodon  fulcula  Bloch. 

Head  3;  depth  about  1.50;  eye  3.75  into  length  of  head;  D.  xii  26; 
A.  Ill  23.  Snout  rather  produced,  longer  than  diameter  of  eye. 
Scales  6-29-16.  The  black  ocular  band  beginning  at  a  distance 
equal  to  the  length  of  the  first  dorsal  spine  anterior  of  the  base  of 
dorsal  fin,  and  extending  through  the  eye  to  isthmus,  the  lower 
part  broadest.  Teeth  setiform.  Fins:  Posterior  of  dorsal  and  anal 
rounded.  Dorsal  spines  stout  and  slightly  curved;  the  median 
ones  are  longest.  Caudal  square,  pedlorals  and  ventrals  are  about 
equal  length.  Color  whitish  with  two  du.sky  bands  about  as  wide 
as  the  length  of  caudal  fin.  These  black  bands  extend  from  the 
dorsal  to  half-way  down  the  sides  of  the  fish,  where  they  end  indis- 
tinctly; the  first  from  1-5  spinous  dorsal,  the  second  from  8-12 
spinous  dorsal.  Posterior  of  this  last  black  line  the  color  is  a  bright 
yellow,  including  all  the  soft  dorsal,  caudal  and  anal.  The  caudal 
peduncle  has  a  round  black  spot  near  the  middle.  The  caudal  has 
a  narrow  black  intermarginal  band  of  white;  the  soft  anal  has  two. 
There  are  about  19  subcutaneous,  narrow,  blackish,  oblique  lines 
passing  down  the  body.  Variations:  This  species  is  undoubtedly 
subject  to  a  large  amount  of  variation.  In  Garrett's  "P'isches  d. 
vSudsee"  the  two  dark  vertical  bands  from  the  dorsal  are  conjoined 
superiorly  and  extend  so  far  as  the  fourth  dorsal  spine,  and  end 
sharply  on  about  the  middle  of  the  sides,  /.  e.,  on  a  line  with  snout 
and  middle  of  caudal  peduncle.  And  the  body  bands  sometimes 
have  white  edges.  In  Da3''s  "Fi.shes  of  India"  these  black  bands 
are  less  wide  and  extend  only  to  about  the  lateral  line,  while  the 
caudal  peduncle  has  a  complete  black  band.  Only  one  specimen 
was  secured.  lycngth  4.50  inches.  Coral  reef,  Guam,  May  29, 
1900.  Hab.  Sea  of  Batoe,  Seas  of  India  to  Malay  Archipelago, 
Marianas. 

177.     Chsetodon  strigangulus  (Solander).    Sea  Butterfly. 

Head  3.20;  depth  1.75;  eye  3  into  length  of  head;  D.  xiv  15; 
A.  Ill  18.  Scales  26  in  the  lateral  line.  Fins:  Pe(5lorals,  ventrals, 
anal  and  dorsal  white;  the  latter  two  tinged  with  yellowish  and 
tipped  wath  black.  Caudal  black,  tipped  with  white,  through  which 
runs  a  fine  black  line.  Mouth  small,  teeth  minute.  Color:  Body 
whitish  with  about  twenty-five  black  stripes  angularly  bent,  with 
the  angle  pointing  forward.  A  black  ocular  band,  edged  with 
white,  not  quite  so  broad  as  eye.  One  specimen,  4.50  inches  in 
length,  was  secured  inside  the  reef.  Guam,  July  14,  1900.  Hab. 
From  the  Red  Sea  to  Polynesia,  Marianas. 


I02  Dircnor  s  Anmial  Report. 

178.     Chsetodon  trifasciatis  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

Head  3;  depth  1.75;  eN'e  3.50,  i  into  snout;  interorbital  2.75; 
D.  XIV  17;  A.  IV  16;  \ .  I  5.  Scales  9-37-14.  Bod}-  moderately 
elevated  and  strongly  compressed.  The  snout  rather  sharp-pointed. 
Lower  edge  of  pre.opercle  serrated.  Branchiostegals  6.  Teeth 
setiform.  The  dorsal  spines  are  of  moderate  strength,  the  longest 
spine  1 .75  into  head.  Pedlorals  and  ventrals  of  about  equal  length, 
1.60  into  head.  Color  in  spirits:  Yellowish  white,  wdth  about  15 
rather  indistinct  oblique  dusky  lines,  angularly  bent,  with  the 
angle  directed  forward.  The  black  ocular  band  edged  wdth  white 
of  about  the  same  width  as  eye,  extends  from  the  neck  to  chest, 
forming  a  complete  ring.  A  black  band,  slightly  wider  than  eye, 
covers  all  the  soft  dorsal  and  extends  down  to  posterior  part  of  soft 
anal;  this  band  is  anteriorly  margined  with  white.  The  fins  are 
white,  the  caudal  with  a  wash  of  yellow,  a  narrow  black  line  near 
the  middle.  Only  one  specimen,  2  inches  in  length,  was  taken. 
Guam,  July  14,  1900.  This  species  is  well  figured  in  Freycinet, 
"Voy.  Uranie."  Zool.,  PL  62,  Fig.  6.     Hab.  Polynesia,  Marianas. 

Genus  HBNIOCHUS  Cuvikr  &  Valenciennes. 

179-180.     Heniochus  chrysostoma  (Solander). 

Head  3;  depth  1.40;  D.  xii  23;  A.  11  18;  eye  2.75.  Scales 
small,  about  67  in  the  curved  lateral  line.  Fins:  Dorsal  with  fourth 
spine  elongated  into  a  filament  almost  as  long  as  depth  of  fish. 
Pe(5torals  white,  reaching  to  middle  of  black  band  on  bod}'.  Ven- 
trals black,  reaching  to  base  of  anal.  Caudal  square,  white  with 
dusky  spot  at  base.  Soft  dorsal  white,  soft  anal  mostly  black.  The 
snout  is  short  and  sharp-pointed,  mouth  small,  teeth  villiform  in 
jaws.  Color:  Yellowish  wdiite,  with  three  broad  oblique  bands  of 
black.  The  first  black  band  extends  from  the  front  of  orbit  and 
near  first  dorsal  spine,  obliquely  down  to  base  of  ventral  fins  and 
near  to  anus;  the  second  black  band  extends  from  the  3-7  dorsal 
spines  to  third  and  the  last  soft  ra3'S  of  anal;  the  third  black  band 
extends  from  about  the  ninth  dorsal  spine  along  the  base  of  soft 
dorsal  to  the  base  of  caudal.  Snout  dusky.  Length  3.50  inches. 
Several  specimens  were  taken  inside  the  coral  reef,  near  Agana, 
Guam,  July,  1900.    Hab.  Indian  Archipelago,  Polynesia,  Marianas. 

Family  ^ANCLID^.— Moorish  Idols. 

Genus  ^ANClvUS  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes. 

181-188.     ^anclus    canescens   (Linn.).     Ababang. 
Butterfly-fish. 

Head  2.45;  depth  about  the  same  as  length;  eye  2.50  into  snout; 
D.  VII  37;  A.  Ill  35.  A  frontal  horn  above  each  orbit  in  adult 
specimens.     Snout  produced,  teeth  slender  and  brush-like,  much 


Report  of  a   Missio)!  to  (iuavi.  103 

projecled.  The  anterior  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  elon<^ated.  First 
and  second  dorsal  spines  very  short;  the  third  greatl>-  produced, 
ending  in  a  filament  about  as  long  as  the  fish.  Pecflorals  about 
equal  in  length  to  the  ventrals.  Caudal  peduncle  unarmed.  Fins: 
Caudal  lunate.  Pe(5lorals  about  equal  to  length  of  snout.  Ventrals 
(including  filament)  about  the  same  length  as  anal.  Colors:  Yel- 
lowish white  with  three  broad,  dark,  vertical  bands,  the  anterior 
one  forming  a  somewhat  oblique  line  with  anterior  of  orbit  to  sec- 
ond dorsal  spine,  and  extending  to  midway  between  pecflorals  and 
anal:  the  second  extends  from  the  bases  of  5-25  anal  rays  to  about 
8-23  dorsal  rays;  this  dark  band  broadens  out  on  the  anal  fin,  while 
on  the  dorsal  it  contracts  to  a  point;  there  is  also  a  narrow  line  of 
white  in  the  posterior  part  of  this  dark  band;  the  third  dark  band 
includes  the  base  of  caudal  peduncle  and  abovit  all  of  caudal  fin. 
The  anterior  one  of  these  broad  black  bands  is  traversed  b}-  two 
more  or  less  distinct  narrow  blue  lines;  in  larger  specimens  these 
are  almost  obsolete,  excepting  the  line  which  extends  from  anterior 
ba.se  of  peclorals  to  the  gill  openings.  A  dusky  stripe  extends  from 
the  Ashaped  narrow  blue  line  above  and  on  a  line  with  the  middle 
of  orbit  to  the  tip  of  the  snout;  half-way  between  orbit  and  tip  of 
snout  a  black  line  branches  off  on  each  side  from  this  dusky  frontal 
band,  and  unites  with  two  other  dark  lines  given  off  near  the  pre- 
maxillar}',  to  form  a  right-angle  triangle  on  each  side  of  the  snout. 
Lower  jaw  mostly  black.  Eight  specimens,  from  2.75-5.25  inches 
in  length,  were  secured  inside  the  coral  reef.  Agaiia,  Guam,  July 
15,  1900.  Hab.  This  is  a  common  and  wide-ranging  form  extend- 
ing from  East  Indies  and  Polynesian  islands  to  Revillagigedo  Archi- 
pelago on  the  ea.st  to  western  Pacific,  Marianas. 

190.     Holacanthus  cyanotis  Giinth.    Ugtipa  Amrilla. 

Head,  exclusive  of  flap,  4;  depth  1.86;  eye  3.50;  the  preopercle 
spine  smooth,  slightly  curved,  reaching  to  base  of  pedtorals,  2  into 
head  ;  interorbital  equal  to  eye  ;  snout  2  into  head;  D.  xiv  15; 
A.  Ill  16;  V.  I  5.  Scales  48.  Preopercle  serrated,  the  strong  .spine 
at  its  lower  angle  directed  back.  Teeth  setiform.  Branchioste- 
gals  6.  Scales  small,  and  mixed  with  these  are  many  minute  ones. 
Body  elevated  and  strongly  compressed.  Fins:  Caudal  rounded. 
The  spinous  dorsal  commences  above  the  opercles.  The  pectorals 
and  ventrals  each  equal  to  length  of  head.  Soft  dorsal  and  anal 
sub-angular  posteriorly.  Color  in  life:  Yellow;  a  fine  blue  ring 
around  the  ej^e  and  across  interorbital;  a  blue  line,  as  wide  as 
pupil,  down  the  posterior  edge  of  opercle.  Fins  vellow;  dorsal, 
caudal  and  anal  with  a  fine  marginal  line  of  deep  bluish  black. 
In  spirits  the  color  fades  into  a  uniform  3'ellowish  white  with  a  blue 
line  around  eye  and  down  posterior  margin  of  opercle;  caudal,  soft 
dorsal  and  anal  with  a  fine  marginal  line  of  black.  Two  specimens. 
Length  5  inches.    Guam,  June  14  ,1900.    Hab.  Polynesia,  Marianas. 


I04  DireHors  Annual  Report. 

Genus  HOI^ACANTHUS  I^acepede. 

191.    Holacanthus  imperator  (Block.). 

Head  4;  depth  1.75;  e3'e  3.36,  about  equal  to  width  of  inter- 
orbital  space;  D.  xiv  20;  A.  iii  19.  Preopercle  serrated  and  armed 
with  a  spine  which  in  adults  is  almost  a  third  longer  than  width  of 
opercle.  Teeth  setiform  in  closely  set  rows.  Fins:  The  dorsal 
spines  short,  the  longest  about  equal  in  length  to  the  base  of  pec- 
torals. Posterior  of  anal,  dorsal  and  caudal  rounded.  All  the  fins 
black,  except  the  caudal  which  is  yellowish.  The  vertical  edge  of 
dorsal  is  also  tipped  with  yellowish.  The  anal  is  edged  with  a 
narrow  line  of  blue,  and  a  blue  line  runs  out  on  the  spine  of  the  ven- 
trals.  Color  dusky  blue,  with  about  14  yellowish  lines  passing 
obliquely  upward  to  the  dorsal,  or  horizontally  to  the  caudal,  or  the 
anal;  the.se  stripes  are  about  one-fourth  as  wide  as  the  interorbital 
space,  and  the  ones  passing  to  the  dorsal  are  most  oblique. 
A  large  black  descending  band,  with  a  blue  anterior  edge,  on  the 
shoulder.  Another  black  band  of  almost  equal  width,  and  edged 
all  around  with  blue,  occupies  the  interorbital  space,  passes  over 
eyes  and  comes  to  a  sharp  point  on  the  preopercle  just  above  the 
spine.  The  opercle  is  yellowish  brown  with  the  above  mentioned 
blue  lines  bordering  it  fore  and  aft.  Length  about  6  inches.  Speci- 
mens were  secured  inside  the  coral  reef  near  Agana,  Guam,  June  14, 
1900.  Hab.  East  coast  of  Africa,  through  seas  of  India  to  Malay 
Archipelago,  Marianas. 

192.     Holacanthus  marianas  sp.  nov. 

Head  3.50;  depth  1.50;  eye  2.75;  maxillary  3.50;  interorbital 
3.20;  D.  XIV  20;  A.  Ill  19;  V.  I  5.  Scales  very  small,  feeling 
velvety  to  the  touch.  Body  elevated  and  compressed.  Head  with 
moderately  rounded  profile,  the  snout  but  slightly  projedling. 
Teeth  .setiform.  Branchio.stegals  6.  P.seudobranchiae  well  de- 
veloped. Preopercle  serrated,  with  a  .spine  on  lower  part  equal  in 
length  to  the  width  of  the  opercle;  this  spine  contained  3.50  times 
into  head.  Fins:  Dorsal  spines  of  moderate  strength,  the  longest 
spine  2  into  head.  Po.sterior  of  dorsal  and  anal  rounded.  Caudal 
1. 16  into  head,  its  posterior  margin  rounded.  Pe(5torals  the  same 
length  as  head,  the  width  of  base  3.  Ventrals  with  second  ra}'  pro- 
duced into  a  .short  filament.  Color  in  spirits:  Bluish  black,  with 
about  13  more  or  less  complete  yellowish  lines;  the  anterior  of  these 
lines,  beginning  at  the  base  of  the  eighth  dorsal  spine,  curves  for- 
ward forming  a  margin  of  the  jet  black  area  of  shoulders  and  then 
curves  back  to  the  anal  opening;  the  remaining  yellow  lines  above 
the  axis  are  almost  horizontal;  the  lines  below  the  axis  are  verv 
oblique,  extending  downward  and  back.  Three  of  the  lines  on 
the  axis  are  incomplete,  being  shorter  than  the  head.  There  is  a 
black  area,  the  width  of  the  eye,  on   the   shoulders   forming  a  line 


Report  of  a  Mission  to  Guam.  105 

slightly  above  the  eye  to  the  pe(5loral  fins;  this  area  is  bounded 
anteriorly  by  a  blue  line  which  extends  down  the  middle  and  lower 
edge  of  the  opercle.  A  black  area,  margined  with  blue  lines  across 
the  forehead  and  over  eyes  like  a  mask;  this  black  area,  however, 
does  not  extend  down  on  preopercles,  as  in  H.  imperator,  but  the 
blue  borders  unite  direcflly  behind  the  eye  and  send  a  vertical  blue 
line  down  to  the  base  of  the  opercular  spine.  Four  narrow  oblique 
blue  lines  on  the  thorax,  and  also  a  short  blue  cross  line  just  back 
of  isthmus.  Anterior  of  these  are  blue  lines  running  from  near  the 
base  of  opercular  spine  to  the  tip  of  the  first  ventral  ray.  A  blue 
line  over  the  nape  midway  between  first  dorsal  spine  and  black  area 
of  forehead.  Spinous  dorsal  and  anal  yellowish  white;  soft  dorsal 
blackish,  the  yellowish  body  lines  forming  a  few  reticulations  in  the 
posterior  part  of  the  fin.  Pe<ft;orals,  ventrals  and  anal  blackish,  the 
anal  narrowly  margined  with  blue,  and  with  about  three  blue  lines 
running  through  it,  forming  reticulations  in  posterior  part.  This 
species  is  closely  related  to  H.  impcrator  (Bloch.),  but  differs 
markedly  from  specimens  of  that  species  before  me  in  the  shorter 
head  and  shorter  preopercular  spine,  and  the  almost  entirely  differ- 
ent markings  of  the  body.  One  specimen.  Length  4.50  inches. 
This  species  was  taken  inside  the  coral  reef,  Agana,  Guam,  July 
14,  1900.  Type  specimen  is  No.  193  in  the  B.  P.  B.  M.  Hab. 
Marianas. 

193.    Holacanthus  nicobariensis  Bl. 

Head  3.50;  depth  1.50;  D.  xiv  20;  A.  in  19;  eye  3.5  into 
head,  same  as  width  of  interorbital  space.  Preopercle  serrated  and 
armed  with  a  spine  which  is  equal  in  length  to  the  width  of  the 
opercuhim.  Teeth  brush-like,  much  produced.  Snout  concave. 
Fins:  The  posterior  part  of  dorsal,  anal  and  the  caudal  rounded; 
dorsal  continuous.  Pectorals  1.16  into  length  of  head,  their  bases 
black  crossed  by  one  crooked  blue  line.  Ventrals  i  5,  the  first  ray 
produced  into  a  short  filament.  Color:  Black  with  curved,  con- 
centric alternating  white  and  blue  lines;  four  of  these  white  lines 
are  especially  wide  and  distinct,  /.  e.,  one  running  obliquely  for- 
ward just  posterior  to  the  eye — this  touches  the  base  of  the  pre- 
opercle spine  and  runs  out  on  the  spines  of  the  ventrals.  The 
second  crosses  the  vent,  curves  up  along  sides  of  body,  runs  along 
the  base  of  the  dorsal  and  ends  in  reticulations  on  the  posterior  part 
of  this  fin.  The  third  strongly  marked  white  line  extends  in  a  deep 
crescent  from  posterior  base  of  dorsal  to  posterior  base  of  anal  fin. 
The  fourth  and  broadest  line  forms  a  complete  circle  around  a  short 
straight  white  line  just  anterior  of  caudal  peduncle.  In  addition 
to  these  heavy  white  lines  there  is  a  lighter  w^hite  line  midway 
between  each  of  them,  and  on  each  side  of  these  narrow  white 
lines  and  midw^ay  between  them  and  the  heavy  w-hite  lines,  are 
narrow  concentric  lines  of  blue.  So,  for  example,  beginning  wdth 
the  heavv  white  line  which   crosses  the   vent,   we   have   first  the 


io6  DireRor  s  Annual  Report. 

heavy  white  line;  second,  a  narrow  blue  line;  third,  the  light  white 
line;  fourth,  a  narrow  blue  line;  and  fifth,  the  heav}'  white  line 
again.  This  is  the  uniform  pattern  of  the  fish;  however,  the  blue 
lines  may  be  more  or  less  irregular,  and  between  the  two  posterior 
heavy  white  lines  they  are  incomplete,  the  last  one  being  repre- 
rented  merely  by  three  blue  dots.  There  is  a  white  cross  band  on 
the  forehead  with  a  narrow  bkie  line  above  it.  A  white  spot  be- 
tween nostrils.  A  bluish  line  running  vertically  down  the  cheeks 
makes  an  acute  angle  in  front  of  e3-e  and  extends  down  the  snout. 
A  short  blue  line  from  gape  to  branchiostegals.  Reticulations  of 
bluish  white  on  posterior  part  of  dorsal  and  anal.  Caudal  dusky, 
with  two  white  bands  at  base,  and  two  irregular  white  bands  on  cau- 
dal peduncle.  Length  4.50  inches.  Specimens  taken  agree  perfecftl}- 
with  Garrett's  figure,  "Fisches  d.  Sud.see,"  p.  41.  Hab.  Seas  of 
India  to  Malay  Archipelago  and  beyond.  Red  Sea,  east  coast  of 
Africa,  Marianas.  My  specimens  were  secured  among  the  coral 
reefs  of  Guam,  May  25,  1900. 

194.     Holacanthus  bishopi'  sp.  nov. 

Head  3.66  ;  depth  1.66  ;  eye  2.50,  i  into  snout ;  interorbital  3 
into  head;  D.  xiv  19;  A.  iii  21;  V.  i  5.  Scales  minute  and  feel 
like  velvet  to  the  hand.  Bod}-  elevated,  strongly  compressed;  the 
snout  not  produced.  Hind  margin  of  preopercle  finel}'  serrated, 
the  spine  equal  in  length  to  diameter  of  eye.  Branchiostegals  6. 
Pseudobranchise  present,  teeth  setiform.  Fins:  Dorsal  spines  rather 
short,  the  first  spine  3.66  into  head,  the  second  about  as  long  again. 
The  peclorals  are  the  same  length  as  head,  their  bases  2.50  into  head 
and  equal  to  preopercular  spine;  the  first  ray  of  pecloral  prolonged 
into  a  small  filament,  length  3  into  total  length  of  fish.  The  hind 
margin  of  dorsal,  caudal  and  anal  rounded.  Color  in  spirits:  Black 
with  about  8  concentric  bluish  white  lines,  alternatel}'  rather  wide 
and  very  narrow  as  follows:  First,  as  wide  as  pupil,  forms  a  circle 
around  snout  and  anterior  edge  of  preopercle;  second,  encircles 
nape,  passes  just  in  front  of  preopercle  spine,  extends  oblique!}' 
back  on  thorax  and  out  on  the  first  ray  of  ventrals  ;  third,  a 
narrow  stripe  forms  a  circle  just  in  front  of  dorsal  spine,  crosses 
base  of  pedlorals  and  around  the  belly  just  back  of  the  ventrals; 
fourth,  a  wide  line  forms  reticulations  on  soft  dorsal,  cur^^es  forward 
to  almost  a  line  with  pecftorals  and  then  encircles  belly  at  the  vent; 
fifth,  a  narrow  line  extends  from  soft  dorsal,  forms  a  half-circle  and 
ends  in  reticulations  on  posterior  of  anal  fin;  sixth,  a  wide  line  ex- 
tends as  a  circle  from  posterior  edge  of  dorsal  to  posterior  edge  of 
anal  ;  seventh,  a  narrow  incomplete  half -circle  ;  eighth,  a  wide 
line  forms  a  complete  circle  just  in  front  of  caudal  peduncle.  In 
addition  to  these  markings  there  is  a  narrow  blue  line  extending 
perpendicularly  down  from  front  of  eye  to  edge  of  opercle;  another 

5  Named  in  honor  of  Charles  R.  Bishop,  founder  of  the  Bernice  Paiiahi  Bishop  Museum. 


Report  of  a  Mission  to  Cuani.  107 

across  the  interorbital  space,  and  another  between  the  nostrils. 
A  simple  reticulation  of  blue  lines  on  the  base  of  caudal  fin.  The 
fins  are  all  dark,  the  caudal  with  a  slight  wash  of  yellowish.  This 
species  differs  from  the  H.  nicobarcnsis,  Bl.,  before  me  in  its  shorter 
head,  longer  spine,  larger  eye,  and  additional  .soft  dorsal  ray,  one 
less  anal  ray,  and  the  markedly  different  arrangement  and  number 
of  the  body  markings.  Length  of  specimen  3.50  inches.  Agaiia, 
Guam,  July  14,  1900.  Type  specimen  is  No.  194,  B.,  P.  B.  M. 
Hab.   Marianas. 

Family  TBUTHIDID^.— Surgeon-fishes. 

Gknus  TBUTHIS  Linx^us. 

195.     Teuthis  olivaceus  Bl. 

Head  3.50,  the  profile  rounded — the  snout,  however,  is  straight; 
depth  2;  eye  3.20  into  head;  D.  ix  24;  A.  iii  22;  V.  i  5.  Scales 
minute,  ctenoid,  about  20  between  lateral  line  and  dorsal.  Teeth: 
Sixteen  broad  flat  teeth  in  the  upper  jaw,  dentate  at  extremity; 
about  14  in  lower.  Color:  Dark  brown;  extending  longitudinally 
backwards  from  the  upper  articulation  of  the  opercle  is  a  bright 
cadmium  orange  line  ( bluish  in  spirits ) ,  about  equal  in  length  to  the 
snout,  and  half  as  wide  as  the  interorbital  space.  This  blue  line  is 
surrounded  by  a  black  zone  of  about  the  same  width.  There  is  a  blue 
splotch  just  posterior  to  base  of  peroral  fins;  this  splotch  is  com- 
pletely hidden  by  the  pectorals  when  they  are  pressed  again.st  the 
sides  of  the  body.  The  general  color  of  fins  is  brown.  The  pectorals 
are  broadly  edged  posteriorly  with  bluish  white.  The  ventrals 
have  a  trace  of  blue.  The  caudal  fin  is  deeply  lunate,  the  upper 
lobe  the  longer;  color  entirely  black,  except  the  soft  rays  of  the 
middle,  which  have  a  broad  subterminal  band  of  white,  with  a  nar- 
row terminal  line  of  black.  Caudal  peduncle  entirely  brown,  with 
one  movable  spine  which  is  equal  in  length  to  the  width  of  the  CA-e. 
The  pectoral  fin  is  equal  in  length  to  the  head.  The  ventrals  are 
considerably  shorter.  The  posterior  edge  of  dorsal  and  anal  form 
acute  angles.  One  specimen,  length  6  inches,  was  secured  inside  the 
coral  reef,  Agaiia,  Guam,  July  15,  1900.    Hab.  Polynesia,  Marianas. 

196.     Teuthis  mata  Cuv.  &  Val. 

Head  3.50;  depth  1.88;  ej'e  3.50,  2  into  snout;  interorbital  3 
into  head;  D.  ix  26;  A.  iii  25;  V.  i  5;  P.  16.  Scales  minute.  The 
spine  on  side  of  caudal  peduncle  short,  about  equal  to  one-half  the 
width  of  orbit;  it  is  less  than  one-half  the  depth  of  the  caudal 
peduncle.  Body  compressed,  elevated.  The  snout  is  straight;  the 
mouth  is  small,  with  about  9-10  elobate  teeth  on  each  side  of 
either  jaw.  Fins:  The  caudal  is  emarginate — the  upper  lobe  the 
longer — the  outer  rays  somewhat  prolonged,  2.50  in  length.     The 


io8  DireHor' s  Annual  Report. 

pectorals  are  equal  to  length  of  head.  The  ventrals  are  shorter, 
1.33  into  head.  Posterior  margins  of  anal  and  dorsal  form  acute 
angles.  Color  in  spirits:  Uniform  dark  brown;  fins  all  black,  ex- 
cept posterior  two-thirds  of  pecfloral  which  is  yellowish  white. 
Iris  yellow  with  inner  ring  of  black.  In  the  young  the  pedlorals 
are  colorless.  Five  specimens,  2-7  inches  in  length,  were  taken  in- 
side the  reef  at  Agafia,  Guam,  June  9,  1900.  Hab.  Western  Pacific, 
Polynesia,  Marianas. 

197.     Teuthis  triosteg^us  (Ivinn.). 

Head  3.66;  depth  2;  eye  3.66;  interorbital  3;  D.  ix  22  ; 
A.  Ill  19;  V.  I  5;  P.  15.  Scales  minute.  Body  ovate,  compressed. 
Anterior  profile  curved,  most  convex  over  eye.  Mouth  small  with 
about  seven  wide  lobate  incisors  on  each  side.  Fins:  Dorsal  with 
anterior  spines  more  or  less  concealed  in  the  skin.  Caudal  eniar- 
ginate,  the  upper  lobe  slightly  the  longer.  Color  in  spirits:  Yel- 
lowish white  with  a  wash  of  green,  under  surface  white.  Vertical 
fins  dusky,  pe(5torals  white  with  yellow  wash.  Anal  has  a  narrow 
margin  of  white.  Body  with  five  black  vertical  bands  about  as 
wide  as  pupil ;  first,  from  top  of  head  through  eye  to  branchioste- 
gals;  second,  from  base  of  first  dorsal  spine  to  base  of  pecftorals 
where  it  branches,  one  branch  going  obliquely  forward  and  down 
towards  the  isthmus,  the  other  branch  obliquely  back  and  down  to 
about  ventrals;  third,  band  from  sixth  dorsal  spine  to  belly  between 
anus  and  anal  fin;  fourth,  from  first  dorsal  ray  to  first  anal  ray; 
fifth,  from  seventh  dorsal  ray  to  fifth  anal  ray.  A  short  black  line 
over  top  of  caudal  peduncle,  and  a  black  dot  on  each  side  below. 
There  is  also  a  black  line  down  the  middle  of  snout.  Eight  speci- 
mens. Length  2-6  inches.  Guam,  May  26,  1900.  Hab.  Poly- 
nesia, Marianas. 

198-204.     Teuthis  lineatus  Bl.     Hijug. 

Head  4;  depth  2;  eye  3-3.50  into  head;  profile  rounded,  the 
snout,  however,  below  the  nostrils,  is  almost  straight;  D.  ix  28; 
A.  Ill  27;  P.  17.  Scales:  About  8  rows  between  the  lateral  line 
and  the  base  of  the  dorsal.  Ground  color  of  the  sides  and  back 
canary  yellow,  with  seven  slightly  oblique  lines,  blue  in  middle 
with  dark  on  each  side;  these  lines  extend  back  to  root  of  caudal 
fin.  lyower  part  of  body  and  belly  grayish.  A  blue  line  passes 
down  the  middle  of  the  forehead  to  the  maxillar}-  where  it  divides 
and  forms  a  ring  around  the  mouth;  two  other  blue  lines  extend 
down  on  each  side  of  this  mid-line  of  the  forehead;  two  or  more 
blue  lines  begin  on  each  side,  just  in  front  of  the  orbit,  and  curve 
down  the  sides  of  the  snout  to  opercles.  Other  blue  lines  pass  up 
and  back  from  the  hind  edge  of  orbit  to  the  lines  of  the  body . 
Teeth  flat,  with  dentate  edges,  12  in  each  jaw.  Fins:  Ventrals  with 
the  longer  outer  ra}'  blue,  inner  ones  yellowish.     Pectorals  bluish. 


Report  of  a  Mission  to  Guam.  109 

Dorsal,  anal  and  caudal  dark,  the  dorsal  with  three  or  more  blue 
lines  running  through  it  and  terminating  at  the  acute  posterior 
angle  of  the  fin.  The  anal  has  a  narrow  subterminal  line  of  black, 
while  tip  of  fin  is  bluish — the  posterior  part  forms  an  acute  angle. 
Caudal  fin  deeply  lunate,  the  upper  lobe  the  longer.  There  is  a 
.semi-lunar  blue  band  about  the  middle  of  the  caudal.  Caudal 
peduncle  strong,  and  armed  with  one  white  movable  spine,  con- 
siderably longer  than  the  width  of  the  eye.  Variations:  In  spirits 
the  bright  canar}'  yellow  ground  color  fades  into  a  dirty  white. 
Guam  specimens  show  a  considerable  variation  in  the  arrangement 
of  the  blue  lines  about  the  base  of  caudal  fin.  They  also  fail  to 
show  the  concentric  arrangement  of  the  blue  lines  in  the  dorsal  fins 
as  figured  in  "Fisches  d.  Sudsee,"  Vol.  I.,  Haft  IV.  Seven  speci- 
mens, length  4-1 1  inches,  were  taken  inside  the  reef,  Agaiia,  Guam, 
July  9,  1900.     Hab.   Polynesia,  Marianas. 

205.     Teuthis  aliala  Linn. 

Head  3.66;  depth  1.50;  eye  3.50;  interorbital  3;  D.  ix  29; 
A.  Ill  27;  V.  I  5;  P.  16.  Scales  minute.  Bod}' elevated  and  com- 
pressed. Snout  slightly  concave  ;  jaws  with  5  elobate  teeth  on 
each  side.  Caudal  peduncle  about  equal  in  height  to  length  of  its 
spine.  Branchiostegals5.  Pseudobrauchiae  developed.  Fins:  Cau- 
dal lunate,  its  longest  ray  3.50  into  length  of  fish.  Pectorals  equal 
to  length  of  head;  the  ventrals  are  about  one-third  shorter.  The 
posterior  margins  of  the  dorsal  and  anal  are  rounded.  Color  in 
spirits:  Blue-black,  a  sub-crescentic  area  of  Indian  red  just  below 
the  eye.  A  white  ring  around  mouth.  A  line  of  yellowish  white 
along  the  bases  of  anal  and  dorsal;  posteriori}'  these  lines  broaden 
out  and  occupy  about  a  third  of  the  fins.  Caudal  is  yellowish  white 
with  a  white  band  and  a  black  posterior  margin.  Spine  on  free 
portion  of  tail  yellow.  Pecftorals  and  ventrals  black.  Dorsal  and 
anal  black,  excepting  the  yellowish  white  marking  mentioned 
above.  Twelve  specimens,  one  7  inches  in  length,  the  others  (very 
young)  1-2  inches  in  length.  Agaiia,  Guam,  July  14,  1900.  Hab. 
Western  Pacific,  Polynesia,  Marianas. 

Genus  CTKNOCH^TUS  Swainson. 

306.    Ctenochsetus  strigosus  Bennett. 

Head  4  ;  depth  2  ;  eye  3.50  into  head  ;  D.  viii  30;  A.  in  27; 
V.  I  5.  Scales  small,  about  19  between  lateral  line  and  the  base  of 
the  last  dorsal  spine.  Teeth  setiform,  movable  with  their  outer 
end  dilated  and  bent  in  and  notched;  42  in  upper  row,  46  in  lower. 
Color  in  spirits:  Brown,  faint  traces  of  slight  blue  lines  under  the 
pecloral  fins.  Fins  all  black,  except  pecflorals  which  are  slightl}^ 
yellowish  blue.  Caudal  deeply  lunate.  The  posterior  parts  of 
dorsal  and  anal  not  rounded,  but  forming  very  acute  angles.  Caudal 
peduncle  stout  and  armed  with  movable  black  spine   1.30  times  as 


no  Dircclor's  Annual  Report. 

long  as  width  of  eye.  Probably  A.  denodon,  Cuv.  &  Val.,  should 
stand  for  this  fish,  as  such  a  marked  increase  in  the  number  of 
teeth  and  scales,  if  fixed  characfters,  would  give  it  specific  rank. 
Two  specimens  were  taken.  IvCngth  1.50-6  inches.  Guam,  July, 
1900.     Hab.   Polynesia,  Marianas. 

Genus  :^ABRAS0MA  Swainson. 

207-310.     ^abrasotna  guttatus  Forst.     Hamoktan. 

Head  3.50:  depth  1.50;  eye  3.50,  3  into  snout;  interorbital  2 
into  snout;  D.  ix  28;  A.  iii  23;  V.  i  5;  P.  15.  Scales  very  small, 
about  120  in  lateral  line.  Body  elevated  and  compressed.  vSnout 
slightly  concave,  each  jaw  with  six  deeply  lobate  incisors  on  each 
side.  Branchiostegals  5.  Pseudobranchise  present.  F'ins:  Caudal 
sub-truncate,  the  longest  ray  equal  to  length  of  pedlorals,  3.33  into 
length  of  fish.  Caudal  peduncle  high,  about  2  into  head,  the  spines 
about  equal  to  one-half  the  height  of  the  peduncle.  Color  in  spirits: 
Brownish  with  two  bluish  white  cross  bands  on  the  body  and  one 
on  the  shoulders  extending  down  on  opercles.  These  bands  are 
slightly  oblique,  the  first  and  second  (measured  on  the  median  line) 
are  about  half  as  wide  as  eye;  the  third  is  narrow.  The  posterior 
two-thirds  of  the  fish,  including  .dorsal  and  anal  fins  are  covered 
with  numerous  round  whitish  dots  about  the  size  of  the  pupil;  these 
dots  are  blue  in  life.  The  thorax  and  ventrals  are  bluish  white. 
The  anterior  half  of  caudal  is  yellowish  white  shading  into  dusky 
on  posterior  edge.  Pecftorals  yellow.  Four  specimens,  length  6-8 
inches,  were  taken  at  Agaiia,  Guam,  June  28,  1900.  Hab.  Western 
Pacific,  Marianas. 

211.    :^abrasoina  agana  sp.  nov. 

Head  3;  depth  1.66;  ej-e  3,  2  into  snout ;  interorbital  3.33, 
equal  to  e^e  in  specimens  4  inches  long;  D.  v,  25;  A.  iii  20;  V.  i  5. 
Scales  minute,  rough.  Body  very  much  compres.sed  and  elevated. 
Snout  concave  and  somewhat  produced.  The  caudal  peduncle  is 
equal  in  height  to  width  of  eye,  and  is  one-third  longer  than  the 
.spine,  which  is  white.  The  mouth  is  small;  there  are  about  9  lobate 
teeth  on  each  side  of  upper  jaw.  Branchiostegals  5.  Pseudo- 
branchiae  present.  P'ins:  Caudal  almo,st  square,  but  the  upper 
edge  is  a  little  the  longer;  the  longest  ray  4  into  length  of  fish 
without  caudal.  The  pectorals  are  equal  in  length  to  head,  and 
about  one-third  longer  than  the  ventrals.  The  posterior  angles  of 
dorsal  and  anal  are  rounded.  Color  in  spirits:  Yellowish;  fins  all 
similar  in  color;  in  some  specimens  the  fins  are  a  little  brighter 
yellow^  A  white  streak,  one-half  as  wide  as  eye,  extends  back  on 
the  median  line  from  near  posterior  edge  of  opercle  to  about  on  a 
line  with  base  of  tenth  soft  dorsal  ray.  Seven  specimens,  2-4.50 
inches  in  length,  taken  at  Agaila,  Guam,  June  14,  1900.  Hab. 
Marianas.     Type  is  No.  211,  B.  P.  B.  M. 


Report  of  a  J/iss/o/i  to  Cuam.  iii 

Genus  SIGANAS  Forskal. 

212.     Siganas  tnarmorata  (Quoy  &  Gaim.). 

Head  4.33;  depth  2.33;  eye  3.33,  equal  to  maxillary;  inter- 
orbital  3.66;  D.  XIV  10;  A.  VII  9;  V.  131.  Scales  minute.  Branchi- 
ostegals  5.  Pseudobranchise  well  developed.  Body  oval,  strongly 
compressed.  Snout  rather  blunt  and  rounded;  upper  jaw  some- 
what overhanging.  Teeth:  A  single  row  of  cutting  incisors  in  each 
jaw.  Fins:  Dorsal  spines  strong,  the  fourth  the  longest,  its  length 
equal  to  distance  from  the  first  vertical  spine.  Caudal  only  slightly 
forked,  its  longest  ray  equal  to  head;  first  ventral  spine  1.33  into 
head,  reaching  more  than  half-way  to  anal.  Color  in  spirits:  Brown 
with  wash  of  bluish;  head  and  back  covered  all  over  with  blue 
vermiculated  lines  which  are  wavy  and  longitudinal  on  the  sides. 
Caudal,  dorsal  and  anal  with  brownish  lines.  Peclorals  yellow. 
Two  specimens.  Length  3-7  inches.  Agana,  Guam,  May,  1900, 
Hab.   Western  Pacific,  Marianas. 

213.     Siganas  hexagonata  Giinth. 

Head  4;  depth  2.20;  eye  3.50;  interorbital  3;  D.  xiv  10; 
A.  VII  9;  V.  I  3  I.  Scales  distinct  but  small.  Body  oval  and  com- 
pressed; profile  slightly  convex.  Maxillary  equal  to  diameter  of 
orbit,  3.50  into  head,  its  distance  from  orbit  equal  to  its  length. 
Teeth:  A  single  row  of  cutting  incisors  in  each  jaw.  Branchi- 
o.stegals  5.  Pseudobranchiae  well  developed.  Caudal  peduncle 
much  compressed,  its  height  3  into  head.  Fins:  Caudal  deeply 
forked,  its  upper  lobe  slightly  the  longest,  3.20  into  length  of  body; 
the  depth  of  fork  1.50  into  head.  Soft  dorsal  and  soft  anal  about 
equal  in  height  and  length;  the  longest  ray  of  dorsal  is  1.66  into 
head.  PeCloral  1.25  into  head,  its  base  a  little  greater  than  diam- 
eter of  orbit.  Color  in  spirits:  Blue  with  yellowish  spots  about 
one-half  the  diameter  of  pupil  in  size  all  over  the  body  and  head. 
These  golden  spots  have  narrow  margins  of  black,  outside  of  which 
the  blue  ground  color  show^s  in  more  or  less  hexagonal  form. 
Dorsal,  caudal,  anal  and  ventral  dusk}-  bluish.  Pecftorals  yel- 
lowish. Length  of  above  specimen  13  inches.  Four  small  Tciithis 
length  4-5  inches,  which  I  take  to  be  the  young  of  this  species, 
were  captured  at  the  same  time.  These  show  very  indistinct  hex- 
agonal markings,  and  the  general  color  is  a  much  lighter  l)lue  with 
from  8-12  round  black  dots,  one-half  the  size  of  pupil,  scattered 
over  the  sides  of  the  body.  There  is  also  a  black  opercular  splotch 
on  the  upper  posterior  margin  of  opercle.  The  caudal  is  deeply 
forked.  Head  4;  depth  2.50;  eye  3;  interorbital  3.  Agaiia,  Guam, 
July  12,  1900.     Hab.   Polynesia,  Marianas. 

214-215.     Siganas  rostrata  Cuv.  &  \'al. 

Head  4.50;  depth  3;  eye  3.25;  interorbital  3.20;  D.  xiv  10; 
A.  VII  9;   V.  I  3  I.     Body  oval  and  compressed.     The  dorsal  and 


112  Direnor' s  Annual  Report. 

abdominal  profiles  are  equally  convex.  Mouth  is  rather  small; 
the  maxillary  is  contained  about  4  into  head,  its  distance  from  the 
anterior  edge  of  orbit  is  one-half  its  length.  Teeth:  A  single  row 
of  cutting  incisors  in  each  jaw,  about  18  on  each  side  of  upper. 
Branchiostegals  5.  Pseudobranchise  well  developed.  Fins:  The 
caudal  is  deeply  forked,  its  upper  lobe  a  little  the  longest,  3.66 
into  length;  the  depth  of  the  fork  is  1.20  into  head.  Caudal 
peduncle  unarmed,  its  height  is  4.50  into  head.  Soft  dorsal  and 
soft  anal  of  about  equal  length,  but  the  dorsal  is  a  little  the  high- 
est; its  longest  ray  is  contained  2  into  length  of  pe(5lorals.  The 
base  of  peAorals  equal  the  diameter  of  eye.  Color  in  spirits:  Bluish, 
the  body  covered  with  indistinct  mottlings  of  yellowish  spots  and 
lines,  wider  than  the  interspaces  of  blue  ground  color;  lighter  blue 
on  belly  and  thorax.  The  caudal  in  one  specimen  seems  to  be  a 
uniform  dusky  bluish;  in  the  other  there  are  indistinct  blotches  of 
yellowish.  PeAorals  are  yellowish,  ventrals  bluish  ;  dorsal  and 
anal  dusky,  the  webs  more  or  less  yellowish  white.  Two  specimens, 
length  I o-i  I  inches.  Guam,  July  12,  1900.  i/<a;<^.  Western  Pacific, 
Polynesia,  Marianas. 

Genus  MONOCBROS  Bi^ock. 

216-221.    Monoceros  garretti'^  sp.  nov. 

Head  3.50;  depth  2;  eye  3.50,  2  into  snout;  D.  vi  28;  A.  11  29; 
V.  I  3;  P  16.  Scales  minute,  rough.  Body  elevated  and  com- 
pressed. Two  bony  plates  on  the  caudal  peduncle  with  short,  sharp 
keels.  The  yellow  covering  of  the  base  sharply  defined  and  sepa- 
rated by  a  black  line.  The  snout  is  concave,  but  the  profile  is 
more  rounded  than  in  M.  lituratus.  The  distance  from  base  of  first 
dorsal  to  the  upper  nostril  is  1.33  into  head.  Mouth  is  perfectly 
horizontal  on  the  median  line.  Teeth:  A  single  series  of  sharp, 
compressed  incisors,  not  serrated,  abovit  10  on  each  side  of  upper 
jaw.  Branchiostegals  4.  Pseudobranchiae  developed.  Fins:  The 
height  of  the  fourth  dorsal  spine  equal  to  length  from  its  base  to 
anterior  base  of  first  dorsal  spine.  The  first  dorsal  spine  2  into 
head.  The  caudal  fin  is  emarginate,  the  upper  lobe  slightly  the 
longest,  its  length  4.20  into  height.  lyongest  ray  of  pe(5toral  1.50 
into  head,  its  base  4.88.  Longest  ray  of  ventrals  about  equal  to 
pe(5torals.  The  posterior  margins  of  dorsal  and  anal  forming  acute 
angles.  Color  in  spirits  is  a  uniform  lamp-black  with  a  slight  wash 
of  neutral.  There  is  a  narrow  yellowish  green  line  extending  down 
each  side  the  snout  from  anterior  of  orbit  to  form  a  more  or  less 
complete  circle  on  the  lips.  Two  round  yellow  spots  on  caudal 
peduncle  forming  the  bases  of  the  keels.  The  caudal  is  black  with 
a  sub-terminal  band  of  yellow,  and  a  marginal  band  of  white.  The 
dorsal  is  black  with  a  sub-marginal  line  of  white  which  begins  very 
narrow  and  gradually  widens  posteriorly  to  half  the  width  of  the 

^Nanied  after  Andrew  Garrett. 


Report   0/  a   J//ss/o?/  to   Guam.  113 

fin;  there  is  a  narrow  margin  of  lilack  a])ove  this.  There  is  no 
cok:)recl  lin*^  at  base  of  dorsal,  as  in  M.  lituratus.  The  anal  fin  is 
greenish,  with  a  narrow  black  margin  and  the  inner  third  with  a 
wash  of  brown.  Pedlorals  and  ventrals  brownish.  This  species  is 
closely  related  to  M.  lituratus  (  Forst. ) ,  but  differs  in  having  a  more 
rounded  profile,  a  decreased  number  of  dorsal  and  anal  rays,  a 
much  darker  general  coloring,  without  a  yellow  line  at  base  of 
dorsal,  and  with  two  distinct  yellow  spots  on  caudal  peduncle  .sep- 
arated by  a  sharply  defined  black  area.  These  color  markings  are 
fixed  and  distinct  in  the  entire  series.  This  is  undoubtedh'  the  fish 
figured  by  Mr.  Garrett  in  "Fisches  d.  Sudsee,""  Tafel  28,  but  it  is 
not  the  fi.sh  described  in  the  text,  Vol.  I.,  p.  124,  which  is  a  good 
description  of  Moiioccros  lituratus  now  before  me.  I  have  carefully 
compared  a  series  of  these  two  species  of  the  same  size  and  age, 
and  as  the  differences  stated  above  hold  good,  even  in  the  details 
of  the  markings,  I  cannot  put  them  under  one  species.  Qiio}-  & 
Gaimard,  description  and  figure,  will  not  fit  either  of  these  species, 
and  I  think  their  species  should  stand  M.  carolinarum ,  Ouoy  & 
Gaim.,  until  the  fi.shes  of  the  Caroline  Islands  are  better  known. 
Their  type  specimen  was  eaten,  and  the  figure  may  be  approxi- 
mately correct.  Six  specimens,  length  3-6  inches.  Agafia,  Guam, 
Julv,  1900.  Hab.  Polvnesia,  Marianas.  Tvpe  of  species  is  No. 
216,  B.  P.  B.  M. 

222-323.     Monoceros  annulatus  (Quoy  &  Gaim.). 

Head  4;  depth  2.33;  eye  2.66;  interorbital  3;  D.  vi  27;  A.  11  28; 
V.  I  3.  Scales  minute,  rough.  Body  compressed  and  elevated. 
Forehead  with  a  short  projecting  horn,  situated  below  the  level  of 
the  centre  of  orbits.  In  specimens  6.50  inches  in  length  the  tip 
end  of  this  horn  is  equidistant  from  the  orbit  and  teeth  of  upper 
jaw.  Its  length,  measured  from  the  orbit,  2.33  into  head.  Teeth 
small,  finely  serrate  on  inner  side.  The  profile  from  first  dorsal 
spine  to  tip  of  snout  is  slightly  convex.  Caudal  plates  absent  in 
young;  in  specimens  6  inches  in  length  are  scarcely  visible,  and 
are  entirely  unkeeled.  Color  in  spirits:  Uniform  light  grayish 
brown,  lighter  on  the  caudal  peduncle.  Fins  dusky,  the  caudal 
greenish  yellow  on  the  posterior  half.  Two  specimens.  Length 
4-6.50  inches.  Agafia,  Guam,  July,  igoo.  Hab.  Western  Pacific, 
Marianas. 

224.     Monoceros  lituratus  (Forst.). 

Head  3.50;    depth  2;    eye  3.25,  2  into  snout:    D.  vi  30;   A.  30; 
V.  I  3;   P.  16.     Scales  minute,    rough.     Body   elevated   and   com- 
pressed.    Two  bony  plates  on  caudal  peduncle  with  short,   sharp 
keels — the  yellow  coloring   of  the   bases   intermingling.     The  dis- 
ci, p.  B.  p.  B.  M.— Vol.  I.,  No.  ^. 


114  Director  s  A)nuial  Report. 

tance  from  the  base  of  first  dorsal  spine  to  upper  nostril  is  1.33  into 
head.  The  mouth  is  perfectly  horizontal  on  the  median  line. 
Teeth:  A  single  series  of  compressed  incisors,  10  on  each  side  of 
upper  jaw.  Branchiostegals  4.  Pseudobranchise  developed.  Fins: 
The  height  of  the  fourth  dorsal  spine  a  little  greater  than  the  dis- 
tance from  its  base  to  anterior  base  of  first  dorsal,  the  first  dorsal 
-spine  about  2  into  head.  The  caudal  emarginate,  the  upper  lobe 
slightly  longer,  its  length  4.20  into  length  of  fish.  Longest  ray  of 
pectoral  1.33  into  head,  its  base  4.25.  Longest  ray  of  ventrals  1.66 
into  head.  Color  in  spirits:  Light  brown  with  a  wash  of  grayish; 
a  greenish  streak,  beginning  at  anterior  edge  of  orbit,  descends  in 
a  curve  along  sides  of  snout  to  angles  of  the  mouth.  Back  with  a 
blue  line  along  base  of  dorsal  fin.  The  interorbital  space  is  crossed 
b}-  a  green  band  about  half  as  wide  as  eye;  this  band  crosses  fore- 
head and  curves  back  over  orbit  to  near  top  of  opercles — in  speci- 
mens long  in  spirits  this  green  interorbital  marking  is  apt  to  be  faded 
out.  The  sides  of  caudal  peduncle  are  yellow  without  a  black  area 
between  the  two  spiny  plates.  Dorsal  black  with  a  white  line  begin- 
ning narrow  in  front,  broadening  posteriorly  to  half  the  height  of 
the  fin;  above  this  is  a  narrow  terminal  line  of  black.  Anal  green- 
ish white  margined  with  a  narrow  line  of  black,  the  inner  third 
without  the  conspicuous  wash  of  brown  seen  in  M.  garretti.  Pect- 
orals and  caudal  brownish,  the  latter  with  a  green  and  white  mar- 
gin posteriorly.  Three  specimens,  length  5  inches.  Agaila,  Guam, 
July,  1900.     Hab.   Polynesia,  Marianas. 

225-227.     Monoceros  marginatus  Cuv.  &  Val.     Taloga. 

Head  3.66;  depth  2.33;  interorbital  3.50;  eye  4.50,  3  into  snout. 
Forehead  with  a  short  horn-like  prominence  projecfting  forward 
diredtly  in  front  of  eye.  In  specimens  1 1  inches  in  length  this  horn 
is  about  three-quarters  of  an  inch;  measured  from  the  orbit  to  tip 
it  is  3  into  head;  in  younger  specimens  it  is  shorter,  and  is  entirely 
absent  in  specimens  three  inches  in  length.  D.  vi  29;  A.  ii  28; 
V.  r,  3.  Scales  minute,  rough.  Mouth  perfedlly  horizontal;  about 
15  small  sharp  teeth  on  each  side  of  upper  jaw,  about  12  on  each 
side  below;  these  teeth  are  minutely  serrated  on  their  inner  side. 
Branchiostegals  4.  Pseudobranchise  well  developed.  Caudal  pe- 
duncle with  two  sharply  keeled  bou}'  plates  with  blue  bases,  absent 
in  young.  Fins:  The  caudal  is  broad  and  emarginate,  the  upper 
ray  the  longest,  being  equal  to  length  of  head.  The  dorsal  has  its 
origin  direcftly  above  the  posterior  line  of  the  head;  its  spines  and 
rays  are  markedly  triangular  in  transverse  secflion,  the  first  spine 
the  longe.st,  1.66  into  head.  Ventrals  are  .short,  2  into  head.  Pect- 
orals 1.33  into  head,  their  bases  equal  to  eye.  Color  in  spirits: 
A  dirty  bistre  olive,  slightly  lighter  below,  dorsal  and  anal  slightl}- 
darker  with  a  narrow  black  margin.     Anal  with  from  1-3  longitud- 


Report  of  a   Mission   to   (iuaiii.  115 

inal  lines.  The  caudal  and  pectorals  with  a  more  decided  wash 
of  yellowish,  and  with  lighter  margins.  Five  specimens,  length 
3-1 1  inches.  Agaiia,  Guam,  Juh"  14,  1900.  Hab.  Western  Pacific, 
Marianas. 

Family  BAI^ISTID^.— Trigger-fishes. 

Gknus  BAIvISTES  (Artedi)  Linn.^ius. 

228-229.     Balistes  undulatUS  Mungo  Park. 

Head  3;  depth  2.25;  eye  5.50;  interorbital  4.50;  D.  in,  28; 
A.  24.  Scales  31,  in  series  from  base  of  spinous  dorsal  to  vent, 
about  48  in  lateral  line.  Caudal  peduncle  with  6  strong  spines  on 
each  side,  arranged  in  a  double  row — sometimes  with  an  extra 
spine  on  one  side.  Color  in  spirits:  A  lamp-black;  head  and  bod}' 
with  about  15  oblique  or  undulating  lines  of  j^ellowish  (reddish  in 
life)  about  as  wide  as  pupil;  a  broad  line  comes  from  each  lip  and, 
uniting  about  on  a  line  with  the  eye,  extends  back  to  a  little  past 
and  below  the  pectorals;  another  very  distinct  red  line,  just  above 
this,  extends  from  the  upper  lip  to  anus;  a  yellow  line  around  lower 
lip;  thorax  black,  without  markings;  spinous  dorsal  black;  pec- 
torals, anal  and  soft  dorsal  yellowish,  the  rays  dusky  at  base;  rays 
of  caudal  dusky,  the  membrane  3'ellow,  the  fin  white  at  tip.  Two 
specimens.  Length  7  inches.  Guam,  July  13,  1900.  The  mark- 
ings of  this  species  are  very  well  shown  in  Quo}'  &  Gaimard's 
figure  (Voy.  Uran.  ZooL,  p.  208,  pi.  47,  fig.  i),  but  the  caudal 
peduncle  is  drawn  much  too  thin.  In  the  specimens  examined  the 
caudal  peduncle  is  very  short  and  high,  its  height  2.50  into  head. 
Hab.   Western  Pacific,  Polynesia,  Marianas. 

Genus  BAI^ISTAPUS  Tiles. 
230-233.     Balistapus  aculeatus  (Linn.). 

Head  2.75  ;  depth  2.50;  eye  5.50;  D.  in,  25;  A.  22.  Scales 
23,  in  a  series  from  dorsal  fin  to  vent.  The  caudal  peduncle  is 
armed  with  two  and  a  half  rows  of  sharp,  curved  spines  with,  black 
bases.  Fins:  Caudal  fin  contained  6.5  times  into  length  of  the  fish. 
Ventrals  almost  obsolete,  represented  by  a  single  movable  spine. 
Second  dorsal  and  anal  of  moderate  height.  Pectorals  short,  about 
as  broad  as  long,  their  bases  black,  the  rays  white.  Scales  rather 
large,  some  osseous  scutes  behind  gill  openings.  Cheeks  entirely 
scaled.  Colors:  Sides  blackish,  with  two  pairs  of  oblique  whitish 
or  yellowish  bands  descending  from  middle  of  sides  to  the  anal  fin. 
A  broad  black  cross  band  between  the  eyes.  Three  blue  vertical 
lines  from  the  eye  to  the  base  of  the  pectorals.  A  yellowish  band 
runs  from  the  bases  of  the  pectorals  along  the  sides  of  the  head  to 


ii6  Dircfiors  Annual  Report. 

the  snout;  a  brighter  yellow  line  on  premaxillary.  Variations:  One 
adult  specimen  has  two  extra  spines  on  one  side  of  caudal  peduncle; 
these  are  just  above  the  normal  rows.  The  young  are  shorter  and 
deeper,  the  head  being  2.50  into  total  length,  and  the  depth  2. 
A  good  series  of  specimens  were  secured,  taken  for  the  most  part 
inside  the  reef,  near  Agaiia,  Guam,  June,  1900.  Hab.  Western 
Pacific,  Marianas. 

234-237.     Balistapus  rectangulus  Bl. 

Head  2.66;  depth  2.33;  eye  6;  interorbital  4;  D.  iii  23;  A.  21. 
Scales  of  medium  size,  entirely  covering  the  cheeks;  4-5  osseous 
plates  behind  gill  openings,  three  and  one-half  rows  of  recurved 
black  spines  on  sides  of  the  caudal  peduncle;  no  groove  in  front  of 
eye.  Teeth  tiotched  and  compressed,  about  4  on  each  side  of  upper 
jaw.  Fins:  First  dorsal  spine  very  strong,  2.25  into  head;  caudal 
square;  ventral  spine  movable.  Color  in  spirits:  Olive;  belly,  tho- 
rax and  chin  yellowish;  a  broad  black  band  with  lighter  (bluish) 
edges  over  top  of  head  through  eyes,  and  widening  as  it  extends 
obliquely  back  on  sides  of  body  to  anas  and  anterior  two-thirds  of 
anal  fin.  Caudal  peduncle  encircled  with  black,  which  extends 
horizontalh"  forward  on  the  sides  in  the  .shape  of  an  acute  angle; 
this  black  is  edged  with  lighter  colored  lines  (yellow  in  life);  a 
light  yellow  line  passes  from  posterior  base  of  soft  dorsal  horizon- 
tally forward  to  the  big  black  line  mentioned  fir.st;  a  narrow  line 
extending  down  from  anterior  of  orbit  to  a  little  in  front  of  peclorals; 
the  interorbital  space  is  crossed  by  three  narrow  deeper  black  lines 
on  the  black  field;  webs  of  spinous  dorsal  and  base  of  pectorals 
black;  fins  j-ellowi-sh  white.  Four  specimens,  4-6  inches  in  length. 
Agaiia,  Guam,  June  28,  1900.  Hab.  Polynesia,  Western  Pacific, 
Marianas. 

Family  MONACANTHID^.— File-fishes. 

Gexu.s  AMANSES  Gray. 

238-241.     Amanses  sandwichensis  (^ray.     Paloman. 

Head  3.25;  depth  2;  eye  5;  interorbital  3.50;  D.  i  36;  A.  31. 
vScales  minute,  the  skin  velvet}-  to  the  touch.  Two  pair  of  .strong 
curved  spines  on  each  side  the  tail.  Body  elevated  and  compressed. 
Profile  of  .snout  slightly  concave.  Dorsal  spine  without  barbs. 
Caudal  fin  rounded.  Ventral  spine  not  movable.  Dorsal  spine 
situated  above  anterior  half  of  orbit.  Color  in  spirits:  A  dirt>- 
light  brown;  the  soft  fins  yellowish  white;  the  dorsal  spine  brown; 
the  caudal  du.sky  with  yellowish  white  on  posterior  part.  Four 
specimens,   length  4-12  inches.     Guam,  July,    1900.     The  young 


Report  of  a  Mission  to  Guavi.  117 

specimens  do  not  have  spines  on  the  sides  of  the  tail,  and  have  the 
dorsal  spine  much  rougher,  with  indication  of  two  or  three  rows  of 
barbules.     Hab.  Western  Pacific,  Marianas. 

Gkxus  OXYMONACANTHUS  Bleekek. 

242.     Oxymonacanthus   longirostris  Bleek. 

Head  2.66;  depth  2.66;  eye  5;  interorbital  4;  D.  i  35;  A.  29. 
The  sides  of  the  caudal  peduncle  with  brush-like  setiform  spines. 
Body  oblong,  compressed.  The  upper  and  lower  profile  about 
equally  oblique;  the  snout  much  prolonged,  upper  profile  concave, 
turned  up  at  tip.  Skin  velvety.  Mouth  tubular,  lips  very  thin.  Gill 
openings  small,  situated  on  a  vertical  line  a  little  posterior  of  orbit. 
P'ins:  The  dorsal  spine  is  of  moderate  strength,  more  or  less 
rounded — not  4-edg,ed:  the  middle  of  its  base  is  dire(5tly  (in  line) 
above  the  pupil  of  the  eye;  its  length  is  1.50  into  head,  and  it  is 
equal  to  the  distance  from  anterior  margin  of  eye  to  posterior  mar- 
gin of  lips.  The  barbs  are  .small  and  more  or  less  irregularly  ar- 
ranged, the  most  prominent  being  a  row  deflected  downward  on  the 
back  of  the  spine.  The  ventral  spine  is  rather  prominent,  rough, 
fixed,  with  a  thin  abdominal  membrane  between  it  and  bell}-. 
Caudal  rounded,  short,  2.25  into  head.  Ventrals  3.50  into  head. 
Color  in  life:  Blue,  with  3'ellow  dots.  In  spirits:  Light  gray,  with 
a  slight  wash  of  bistre-brownish.  Seven  longitudinal  rows  of  round 
white  spots  about  the  size  of  the  pupil  extending  from  the  head  to 
tail;  tip  of  snout  white,  followed  by  a  narrow  black  ring;  a  line  of 
white  extends  from  near  gape  to  a  little  below  the  orbit:  another 
white  line  extends  from  the  middle  of  sides  of  the  snout  to  orbit, 
more  or  less  white  dots  below  the  eye  and  on  sides  of  the  thorax; 
just  above  the  ventral  spines  is  a  black  splotch  with  numerous  very 
fine  white  dots.  Caudal  fin  brownish,  white  at  tip,  with  an  incom- 
plete intermarginal  black  line  half  the  width  of  eye.  Dorsal,  anal 
and  pectorals  white.  Two  specimens,  length  4  inches.  Agaiia, 
Guam.  June  14,  1900.     Hab.   Marianas. 

Family  OSTRACIID^.— Trunk-fishes. 
Genus  I^ACTOPHRYS  Swainsox. 
243.     I/actophrys  nasus  (Bloch.). 

Carapace,  5 -ridged  and  spineless;  P.  10;  A  9;  C.  10.  Color 
in  spirits:  Greenish  yellow,  with  numerous  black  spots  along  sides. 
One  specimen  of  a  very  young,  length  three-quarters  of  an  inch, 
was  secured.  Guam,  July  14,  1900.  Hab.  Seas  of  India  to  Malay 
Archipelago  and  western  Pacific,  Marianas. 


ii8  OircHor's  Annual  Report. 

Genus  OSTRACION  Artedi. 

244.     Ostracion  ctibicus  Artedi. 

Carapace,  4-ridged,  without  spines;  D.  10;  A.  9.  The  back 
slightly  convex,  no  raised  ridge  on  median  line.  Color  in  spirits: 
White  with  scattered  round  black  dots  all  over  the  body.  One 
specimen,  length  three-quarters  of  an  inch.  Guam,  July  14,  1900. 
Hab.   Red  Sea,  western  Pacific,  iVustralia,  Marianas. 

358-361.     Ostracion  cornutus  (Linn.). 

Head  3.50  ;  depth  (at  hvimp)  2.50;  eye  about  2;  interorbital 
very  concave,  4  into  length;  frontal  .spines  5.50  into  length;  pos- 
terior spines  abovit  the  same:  D.9;  A.  9;  P.  II.  Scales:  About  10 
plates  in  a  line  between  caudal  and  eye.  Body  shortened  and  angu- 
lar, the  carapace  4-ridged,  with  a  small  ridge  in  the  middle  of  back. 
The  hind  portion  of  tail  covered  by  soft  skin.  Mouth  small,  max- 
illaries  and  premaxillaries  coalescent.  Teeth  rather  slender  and 
in  one  row,  about  10  in  each  jaw.  Color  in  spirits:  Carpace  bistre- 
brown,  with  numerous  irregular  and  indi.stinct  darker  blotches; 
below  yellowish.  Four  specimens,  length  i  .50-5.50  inches.  Agana, 
Guam,  July  12,  1900.  Hab.  Western  Pacific,  Malay  Archipelago, 
Marianas. 

246-248.     Ostracion  punctatus  Bl.     Danglum. 

Head  3.50  ;  depth  3  ;  eye  3,  about  2  into  snout  ;  interorbital 
1. 12;  D.  9;  A.  9;  C.  8;  P.  10.  Carapace  4-ridged  without  spines. 
Back  somewhat  rounded  without  any  ridge  in  median  line.  Inter- 
orbital space  almo.st  fiat.  Teeth:  About  10  conical  brown  teeth  in 
each  jaw.  Fins:  Caudal  4.50  into  length.  Pecftorals  1.50  into 
head.  Dorsal  and  anal  slightly  shorter.  Color  in  spirits:  Brown, 
with  small  blue  dots  all  over  the  body;  older  specimens  have  few 
or  no  .spots  on  snout,  and  the  spots  are  larger  on  sides  and  belly. 
Fins  are  du.sky,  with  black  bases.  Young  specimens  have  bkiish 
spots  on  cavidal  fin,  while  old  specimens  have  the  po.sterior  third  of 
fin  white.  Three  specimens,  length  3-6  inches.  Guam,  June  14, 
1900.     Hab.   Polynesia,  western  Pacific,  Marianas. 

Family  TBTRAODONTID^.— Puffers. 

Genus  TETRODON  Linn^us. 

249.     Tetrodon  papua  Bl. 

Head  2.66;  depth  2.1  ;  eye  5,  3  into  snout;  interorbital  con- 
cave, 3  into  head;  D.  9;  A.  10;  P.  16;  C.  10.  Spines  minute,  cover- 
ing the  entire  bod}-,  except  caudal  peduncle.      Nasal  organs  quite 


Report  of  a  Missio)i   to  (iitaiii.  119 

inconspicuous.  Back  compressed  into  a  ridge.  Bones  of  the  upper 
and  lower  jaw  in  the  form  of  a  beak,  with  cutting  edge.  A  median 
suture  present.     Fins:   Longest  dorsal  ray  equal  to  longest  anal  ray, 

2  into  head;  longest  ray  of  caudal  3  into  length  of  fish;  the  space 
between  the  hind  margin  of  dorsal  and  the  base  of  caudal  4  into 
length.  Color  in  spirits:  Above,  a  sepia  brown  covered  with  blue 
spots  with  black  edges ;  these  spots  thicker  and  smaller  than 
pupil,  on  the  posterior  half;  on  the  sides  of  head  the  spots  are 
as  large  or  larger  than  the  pupil  ;  several  short  radiating  blue 
lines  about  eye;  three  or  four  across  interorbital  space.  Older 
specimens  have  blue  lines  over  the  snout  and  on  sides  of  the  mouth. 
Under  parts  3-ellowish  white  with  a  median  bkie  line  on  belh'  to 
anal  in  larger  specimens.  A  black  spot,  a  little  larger  than  eye, 
covering  the  base  of  dorsal.  Petlorals,  anal  and  dorsal  fins  yellow- 
ish white.  Caudal  dusky  yellow  with  numerous  blue  lines  and 
dots.  Six  specimens,  1.25-3  inches  in  length,  were  taken  at  Agaiia, 
Guam,  inside  the  coral  reef,  July  12,  1900.  These  fish  are  usuall}' 
found  in  pairs  swimming  about  the  coral  reef;  it  is  even  difficult  to 
frighten  them  so  the  two  will  separate,  and  when  this  is  accom- 
plished thev  seem  to  invariably  join  the  same  partner  again.  Hab. 
Polynesia,  Marianas. 

250.     Tetrodon  reticularis  Bl. 

}'o/nig-:  Head  2.50;  eye  3.50;  caudal  rays  4  into  length  of  fish 
and  equal  to  distance  from  caudal  to  anterior  base  of  dorsal;  pec- 
torals 2  into  head;  small  spicules  all  over  except  at  base  of  caudal; 
interorbital  3.50  into  head.  Color:  Back,  head  and  cheeks  brown, 
with  scattered  blue  spots.  Two  blue  concentric  lines  below  eye. 
Base  of  pectorals  black  with  one  or  two  concentric  bluish  rings. 
Belly  yellowish  white  with  about  1 8  longitudinal  brown  lines  about 
three  times  as  wide  as  the  interspaces.  Caudal  dusk}-.  Pecftorals, 
dorsal  and  anal  yellowish.  One  specimen,  a  voung,  1.50  inches  in 
length,  was  the  only  representative  of  this  species  secured.  Agana, 
Guam,  July  12,  1900.     //ad.   Western  Pacific,  Marianas. 

251.    Tetrodon  immaculatus  Bl. 

Yomig:  Head  2.33;  eye  3.50  into  head;   length  of  caudal  ray 

3  into  head;  pedl orals  3;  interorbital  3  into  head.  Color  in  spirits: 
Browniish  above  wdth  about  8  oblique  narrow  black  lines  extending 
up  and  back  from  vicinity  of  pectorals  to  caudal  and  dorsal;  below 
yellowish  white,  unstreaked.  Caudal  dusky,  with  black  upper  and 
lower  margins.  Peclorals,  anal  and  dorsal  white.  One  specimen, 
length  1.50  inches,  taken  at  Agaiia,  Guam,  July  12,  1900.  //ab, 
Polynesia,  Marianas. 

252.     Tetrodon  stellatus  Bl. 

Young:  Head  2.50;  eye  3;    interorbital  4;   caudal  rays  3.50 
into  length;  pe(5lorals  3.     Color:   Almost  a  lamp-black  above,  un- 


I20  Direclof  s  Annual  Report. 

spotted;  white  below,  with  i6  ver\'  black  longitudinal  lines  of  about 
the  same  width  as  the  interspaces.  A  brown  ring  around  snout. 
A  few  small  blue  spots  on  caudal  peduncle.  A  black  splotch  larger 
than  eye  at  base  of  pe(5torals.  One  specimen,  length  2.25  inches, 
from  coral  reef  at  Agaiia,  Guam,  June  12,  1900.  Hab.  Western 
Pacific,  Polynesia,  Marianas. 

Family  DIODONTID^.— Porcupine-fishes. 

Genus  DIODON  Linn^us. 

353.     Diodon  hystrix  Linn.     Porcupine-fish. 

Heads;  depth  3.33;  D.  15;  A.  14.  vSpines  strong;  the  spines 
behind  the  peAorals  longest  and  strongest;  frontal  spines  shorter, 
about  as  long  as  eye;  spines  about  the  dorsal  and  anal  fins  short, 
their  bases  free  from  spines.  Caudal  peduncle  with  two  or  three 
half  rows  of  short  spines  above  and  below.  Anal,  dorsal  and  cau- 
dal of  about  equal  length,  2  into  head.  Pectorals  a  little  shorter, 
the  upper  lobe  slightly  longer.  Color  in  spirits:  Back  and  sides 
dusky,  with  numerous  black  spots.  Belly  w^hite.  All  the  fins 
greenish,  with  numerous  round  black  dots.  One  specimen,  length 
15  inches.  Agaiia,  Guam,  July  12,  1900.  Hab.  Seas  of  India, 
western  Pacific,  Marianas. 

Family  SCORP^NID^.— Rock-fishes. 

Genus  SCORP^NA  Artedi. 

254.     Scorpsena  bakeri  sp.  nov.     Baker's  Rock-fish. 

Head  2.50;  depth  equal  to  head;  eye  4;  interorbital  5.50  into 
head;  snout  3  into  head;  D.  xii  10;  A.  iii  5;  V.  i  5.  Maxillary 
1.80  into  head.  Scales  about  34,  breast  scaly,  head  naked.  Body 
oblong,  somewhat  compressed.  Head  large,  naked  above,  with 
horny  spines  and  dermal  filaments.  Teeth  villiform  on  jaws,  vomer 
and  palatines.  Supraocular  tentacle  more  than  twice  diameter  of 
eye.  The  dermal  flaps  along  sides  of  body  less  than  diameter  of 
eye.  Occiput  with  a  very  shallow  depression.  Interorbital  groove 
deep  and  narrow;  suborbital  stay  weak,  a  small  spine  in  its  middle 
and  at  its  posterior  end.  Po.sterior  edge  of  preopercle  with  four 
strong  spines,  the  upper  one  the  longest,  equal  to  diameter  of 
pupil  and  with  a  minute  superimposed  spine  on  its  base.  Pre- 
orbital  with  a  strong  spine  directed  forward  and  a  strong  one 
direcfted  back  and  down.  Nostrils  with  a  distinct  spine  and  dermal 
filament.  Supraorbital  bones  each  with  four  spines.  Opercle  with 
three  or  four  spines;  seven  spines  on  each  side  of  nape  above 
opercles.     Fins:   The  second   anal   spine   longest  and  .strongest,  its 


Report  of  a   Mission   to  (in am.  121 

length  2  into  head;  fourth,  fifth  and  sixth  dorsal  spines  the  long- 
est, 2.50  into  head.  Pecflorals  equal  to  distance  from  posterior 
margin  of  opercle  to  no.stril.  Base  of  anal  3.20  into  base  of  dorsal. 
Caudal  rounded,  about  equal  in  length  to  pecftorals.  None  of  pec- 
toral rays  branched.  Color  in  spirits:  Body  mottled  with  dusky 
and  grayish,  with  slight  trace  of  Indian  red;  the  under  side  of  head 
is  white  with  about  6  distinct  brownish  cross  bands  half  as  wide  as 
interspaces.  Fins  grayish,  mottled  with  black  and  white.  Four 
specimens,  length  1.50-2.50  inches.  Guam,  July  14  ,  1900.  Hab. 
Marianas.  Named  in  honor  of  Capt.  Jesse  E.  Baker,  U.  S.  A., 
who.se  assistance  in  the  author's  field  work  has  been  greatly  appre- 
ciated. 

Gexus  SCORP^NOPSIS  Meckel. 

255.     Scorpsenopsis  guamensis  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

Head  2.35:  depth  3;  eye  3;  interorbital  2  into  eye;  length  of 
•suout  slightly  less  than  eye;  maxillary  2.50;  D.  xii  9;  A.  iii  5; 
V.  I  5;  P.  19.  Scales  44;  cheeks  and  opercles  .scaled.  Teeth  villi- 
form  in  jaws  and  vomer.  Interorbital  space  concave.  No  orbital 
tentacles,  no  groove  beneath  the  eye.  Maxillary  reaches  to  below 
middle  of  orbit.  Supraorbitals,  occipitals,  opercles  and  orbitals 
with  acute  spines.  Color  in  spirits:  Brownish,  with  marblings  of 
dark  brown.  One  specimen,  length  about  3  inches.  Guam,  July 
13,  1900.     Hab.  Malay  x-Vrchipelago,  Marianas. 

Genus  SYNANCBIA  Block. 

256-257.     Synanceia  thersites  sp.  nov. 

Head,  exclusive  of  skinny  flap,  2.50;  depth  2.66;  eye  8;  pre- 
maxillary  3,  very  narrow  and  bearing  the  villiform  teeth  of  upper 
jaw;  the  maxillary  flat  and  wide,  its  width  slightly  greater  than 
orbit ;  interorbital  space  fossa-like,  3.50  into  head ;  D.  xiii  7; 
A.  Ill  6;  p.  19;  V.  I  5.  Numerous  dermal  flaps  on  head  and  body. 
Head  monstrous  and  irregularly  shaped;  low^er  jaw  almost  vertical; 
the  upper  margin  is  on  the  dorsal  surface,  its  length  i  .50  into  head. 
\'illiform  teeth  in  both  jaws,  but  none  on  vomer  or  palatines.  Gill- 
rakers  consisting  of  villiform  teeth  slightly  longer  at  angle,  and 
longer  curved  teeth  on  head  of  pharyngeals.  Branchio-stegals  7. 
Pseudobranchise  present.  Fins:  The  dorsal  is  continuous,  the  soft 
part  highest.  Caudal  more  or  less  rounded,  2  into  head.  Ventrals 
1.20.  Pectoral  very  wide,  its  base  about  equal  to  its  longest  ray. 
Color  in  spirits:  The  general  ground  color  is  almost  a  sepia  brown, 
darker  with  a  wash  of  greenish  on  posterior  part.  There  is  a  more 
or  less  greenish  white  area  near  the  middle  of  the  body,  under  6-8 
dorsal  spines.  There  is  a  greenish  white  band  about  as  wide  as 
eve  which  forms  a  band   about  the   middle  of  the  soft  dorsal,  anal 


122  Direilor  s  Annual  Report. 

and  the  posterior  part  of  body.  The  caudal  fin  is  narrowly  tipped 
with  yellowish  white  with  a  black  subterminal  band  as  wide  as  eye; 
anterior  of  this  is  a  white  band  of  about  equal  width;  the  remainder 
of  the  fin  is  blackish.  The  pe(5lorals  are  margined  with  white, 
their  ground  color  is  dusky  with  more  or  less  mottling  of  greenish 
white.  Ventrals  are -similarly  colored,  except  that  the  mottlings 
take  more  of  the  form  of  four  or  five  incomplete  cross  lines.  Pec- 
torals and  anal  dusky,  with  mottlings  of  greenish  white.  Two 
specimens,  length  about  9  inches.  Guam,  July  12,  1900.  The 
dorsal  spines  of  this  fish  are  very  poisonous,  and  the  natives  fear 
them  more  than  scorpions.  One  of  the  above  specimens  was  dam- 
aged by  having  its  head  crushed  by  a  native  who  was  intent  on 
killing' the  fish.  Type  No.  256,  B.  P.  B.  M.  Hab.  Marianas. 
Named  for  Thersites,  "The  ugliest  of  the  Greeks." 

Genus  PTEROIS  Cuvier. 

258.     Pterois  ^ebra  Cuv.  &  Val. 

Head  2.66;  depth  2.66;  eye  2.66  into  head;  interorbitals  4.50 
into  head;  D.  xi  i  13;  A.  iii  6;  P.  17;  V.  i  5;  C.  11  14  11.  Scales 
10-59-13.  Mandibles  1.16  into  head.  Maxillary  1.50  into  head, 
reaching  to  a  line  with  anterior  margin  of  pupil.  Gill-rakers  short 
and  blunt,  about  9  on  lower  arm — armed  with  minute  teeth.  Body 
oblong,  compressed.  Teeth  villiform  in  jaws  and  vomer.  Inter- 
orbital  space  deeply  concave,  the  upper  margins  each  with  a  fleshy 
tentacle  one-third  as  long  as  head,  and  alternating  white  and  brown 
in  color.  There  are  four  fle.shy  tentacles  on  the  snout,  one  just 
posterior  of  each  anterior  nostril,  and  two  in  the  middle  near  tip  of 
snout.  There  is  also  a  short  fleshy  tentacle  on  lower  anterior  cor- 
ner of  preorbitals,  and  two  on  each  lower  posterior  margin  of  each 
preopercle.  The  upper  margin  of  orbit  is  armed  with  one  large 
and  three  small  spines.  Preorbital  is  armed  with  several  spines 
and  ridges,  one  ridge  extending  back  near  the  lower  margin  of  in- 
ferior orbital  to  the  preopercle.  Immediately  beneath  this  ridge 
are  several  small  spines.  Posterior  margin  of  preopercle  armed 
with  three  spines.  About  eight  spines  on  top  of  head  just  back  of 
interorbital  region.  Continuing  from  the  anterior  end  of  lateral  line 
is  a  row  of  five  small  spines  extending  to  orbitals.  Scales:  lyateral 
line  well  developed;  scales  on  nape,  body  and  head,  except  on 
snout  and  interorbitals.  Branchiostegals  7.  Pseudobranchise  well 
developed.  Fins:  Caudal  is  rounded,  1.15  into  head.  Pecftorals 
very  elongate,  reaching  tip  of  caudal.  Spinous  dorsal  long,  the 
longest  spine  2  into  length.  Ventrals  slightly  longer  than  head. 
Soft  dorsal  and  anal  reaching  be^-ond  the  base  of  caudal,  their 
longest  rays  about  equal,  1.50  into  head.  Base  of  anal  3.08  into 
base  of  dorsal.  Color  in  spirits:  Ground  color  sepia  brown;  three 
siug^le  vellowish  white  lines  over  back  of  neck  between  the  orbitals 


Report  of  a   Mission   to   (iuani.  123 

and  first  dorsal  spine.  Beginning  with  the  third  dorsal  spine  the 
body  is  banded  with  twelve  narrow,  double,  white  lines  with  a  nar- 
row interspace  of  brown  between  each  line;  these  lines  seem  to  be 
in  pairs,  four  of  the  narrow  white  lines  with  their  interspaces  mak- 
ing up  a  band,  ot  which  there  are  seven  on  the  body  with  interspaces 
about  equal  to  diameter  of  eye.  The  last  three  pairs  of  bands  ex- 
tend obliquely  forward  and  down,  on  the  caudal  peduncle.  Thorax 
is  }ellowish  white  with  one  broad  band  of  brown  extending  from 
the  base  of  one  dorsal  fin  to  the  other.  Snout  and  under  part  of 
head  yellow,  the  snout  having  two  brown  spots  on  each  side;  a 
broad  brown  band  from  lower  anterior  margin  of  eye  to  posterior 
end  of  maxillaries;  another,  edged  with  white  extends  from  top  of 
orbitals  through  eye  to  lower  anterior  margin  of  opercles.  Axis  of 
peclorals  black,  with  a  wide  white  line;  a  curved  white  line  on  the 
fin  just  posterior  of  axis.  The  base  of  pecloral  is  brown;  a  white 
area  on  base  of  rays  surrounded  bj^  a  clouded  black  area,  the  black 
extending  half  the  distance  of  the  rays.  Ventrals  have  yellow  rays 
and  black  membranes.  All  the  remaining  fins  are  marked  with  alter- 
nating irregular  lines  of  brown  and  white.  The  above  description 
is  of  a  male,  length  4  inches.  Guam,  July  13,  1900.  A  young 
female,  length  about  3  inches,  taken  at  the  same  time,  while  struc- 
turally similar  is  quite  differently  marked,  and  much  more  nearly 
resembles  Ouoy  &  Gaimard's  figure  (Vov.  Astrol.  Poiss,  Pi.  XI., 
p.  6),  except  the  upper  portion  of  the  white  lines  are  not  distinctly 
divided.     Hab.   Polynesia,  Marianas,  seas  of  India. 

Family  PI,ATYC:ePHAI,ID^. 

Genus  PLATYCBPHALUS  Block  &  vSchxeider. 

259-60.     Platycephalus  punctatus  Cuv.  &  Val. 

Head  2.66;  depth  3.50  into  head;  eye  4.20  into  head;  snout  3; 
interorbital  4  into  eye;  D.  viii,  11  ;  A.  12.  Head  flat,  spinate; 
lower  jaw  the  longer.  Body  sub-cylindrical.  The  lateral  line 
smooth.  Teeth  villiform;  the  maxilla  reaches  to  anterior  margin 
of  eye.  Supraorbital  margin  toothed  posteriorly,  and  with  a  dis- 
tinct spine  anteriorly.  Lower  margin  of  inferior  orbital  with  a  row 
of  spines  which  end  in  the  strong  spine  of  preopercle;  two  small 
spines  just  below  the  preopercular  spine.  Two  spines  on  snout. 
Occipital  region  with  several  spines.  Opercle  with  two  spines  on 
upper  posterior  part ;  just  above  opercle  is  an  irregular  row  of 
about  .six  spines  reaching  to  orbit.  Fins:  Caudal  square.  Ventrals 
1.20.  The  first  dorsal  and  anal  fins  of  about  equal  length,  2  into 
head.  Base  of  soft  dorsal  slightly  less  than  base  of  anal.  Color  in 
spirits:  Grayish,  with  four  or  five  wide  brownish  cross  bands  from 
the  back  to  middle  of  sides.  Under  surface  white.  Pecftorals  yel- 
lowish,   with   brown   dots   and   lines.     First  dorsal  yellow,  with  a 


124  Dircclof  s  Animal  Report. 

broad  black  mark  on  posterior  third.  Veiitrals  dark  above  and  on 
posterior  third.  vSoft  dorsal  and  caudal  3-ellowish,  with  brownish 
lines  or  dots.  Anal  yellow.  Two  specimens,  length  4-6  inches. 
Guam,  July  13,  1900.  Hab.  Seas  of  India  to  Malay  Archipelago, 
Marianas. 

Family  AGONID^.— Sea-poachers. 

Genus  PBRCIS  Scopoij. 

261-62.    Percis  cephalopunctatus  sp.  nov.     Pipupu. 

Head  3.66  ;  depth  6.30  ;  eye  4.66  ;  snout  2.66  ;  interorbital  3 
into  eye;  D.  iv  21  ;  A.  17  ;  W  i  5.  Scales  71.  Mandible  2.15. 
The  lower  jaw  the  longer.  Two  opercular  spines.  Body  some- 
what elongate  and  sub-cylindrical.  Head  somewhat  depressed. 
Villiform  teeth  in  jaws  and  vomer,  none  on  palatines;  outer  row  in 
jaws  somewhat  enlarged  with  three  canines  on  each  side  in  anterior 
part  of  lower  jaw.  Branchiostegals  6.  Pseudobranchise  present. 
Scales  ctenoid.  The  spinous  dorsal  is  scarcely  conne(5led  with  .soft 
dorsal.  Gill  membranes  connected  at  isthmus.  The  second  dorsal 
spine  the  longest,  equal  to  orbit.  Fins:  Caudal  slightly  rounded. 
Pedlorals  1.50  into  head.  Base  of  anal  1.50  into  base  of  dorsal. 
Ventrals  1.15  into  head.  Color  in  spirits:  Upper  surface  greenish, 
with  9  indistinct  darker  lines  over  the  back.  Below  axis  the  color  is 
yellowish  white  with  9  greenish  bands;  the  upper  parts  of  these  bands 
are  all  united  by  a  narrow  greenish  line  on  the  axis  extending  from 
axis  of  pe(5lorals  to  lower  part  of  caudal  fin;  just  above  this  line  and 
alternating  with  the  green  bands  of  the  lower  half  are  9  greenish 
spots  almost  as  large  as  eye,  which  have  wide  yellowish  white  mar- 
gins; these  extend  from  pectoral  fin  to  caudal.  A  large  brown  spot 
at  base  of  pectoral  fins.  Two  brown  spots  on  lower  part  of  opercle. 
Four  large  brown  spots  on  cheeks,  and  two  or  more  on  jaws.  About 
fourteen  small  brown  dots,  smaller  than  pupil,  scattered  over  snout 
and  top  of  head.  Spinous  dorsal  white.  Soft  dorsal  with  three  rows 
of  brown  spots.  Caudal  with  a  big  dark  brown  blotch  on  its  basal 
half,  with  scattered  brown  dots  around  it.  Pedlorals,  ventrals  and 
anal  white.  Three  specimens,  length  4-5.50  inches.  Guam,  June 
14,  1900.     Hab.   Marianas. 

Family  GOBIID^.— Gobies. 

Genus  BI/BOTRIS  (Gronow)   Buoch  &  Schneider. 

263-66.    Bleotris  fusca  (Bl.). 

Head  3;  depth  4;  eye  6.30;  snout  3.66;  D.  vi  9;  A.  9.  Scales 
rather  small,  about  62  series  behind  pectoral  fin.  Preopercle  with 
blunt  spine  bent  down  and  forward.  Body  subcylindrical,  head 
oblong.     Teeth   in   setiform   bands,    none   on   vomer  or  palatines. 


Report  of  a  Mission  to  Guam.  125 

Two  dorsal  fins.  Anal  papillae  distinct.  The  back,  in  front  of  first 
dorsal  somewhat  concave.  Fins:  Caudal  rounded.  First  dorsal  fin 
small,  its  height  a  little  more  than  one-half  depth  of  body.  Pect- 
orals equal  to  distance  from  hind  margin  of  preopercle  to  anterior 
of  orbit.  Soft  dorsal  fin  almost  one-half  higher  than  spinous  dorsal, 
its  base  slightly  greater  than  base  of  anal.  Color  in  spirits:  Leaden 
black,  sometimes  lighter  below  with  slight  wash  of  yellowish.  Fins 
dusky  with  lighter  fine  yellowish  lines  or  dots.  Four  specimens, 
length  5-6.50  inches.  Guam,  May  31,  1900.  Hab.  Polynesia, 
India,  Malay  Archipelago,  Marianas. 

Genus  GOBIUS  (Artkdi)   Linx.eus. 

267.  Gobius  deltoides  sp.  nov. 

Head  3.50  ;  depth  5  ;  eye  4  ;  interorbital  2  into  eye  ;  snout  3 
into  head  ;  U.  vi,  i  11  ;  A.  i  11.  Scales  28  from  upper  posterior 
margin  of  opercle  to  caudal  ;  no  lateral  line  ;  head  fully  scaled. 
Body  slightly  elongate,  compressed  posteriorly.  Branchiostegals  5. 
Pseudobranchiae  present.  Teeth  in  two  series  in  each  jaw,  the 
outer  row  with  larger  recurved  canines.  \'entral  fins  united,  form- 
ing a  disk  which  is  attached  only  at  its  base.  Caudal  rounded. 
Base  of  anal  about  equal  to  base  of  soft  dorsal.  Color  in  spirits: 
Yellowish  white  with  about  seven  reddish  brown  blotches  along  the 
sides  above  the  axis,  alternating  with  similar  spots  below  the  axis. 
A  black  line  extends  vertically  down  from  the  lower  margin  of  orbit 
to  a  brown  spot  below  the  eye;  here  the  line  divides  into  two,  which 
extends  under  the  chin,  one  on  a  line  with  the  eye,  the  other  form- 
ing an  angle  directed  forward,  the  two  lines  thus  forming  the  Greek 
letter  delta.  These  two  lines  are  broken  by  the  isthmus.  Anal 
fins  slaty  blue.  \'entrals  with  a  wash  of  bluish.  The  remaining 
fins  are  grayish  with  numerous  small  brown  spots  and  lines. 
Eighteen  specimens,  length  1-2  inches.  Guam,  June  2,  1900. 
Hab.   Marianas. 

Gexus  EI/EOTRIS  (Gr?:xow)   Block  &  Schneider. 

268.  Eleotris  miniatus  sp.  nov. 

Head  3.50;  depth  3.25;  eye  3;  snout  equal  to  diameter  of  eye; 
the  interorbital  equal  to  pupil;  D.  vi  7;  A.  11  9.  Scales  26.  Body 
oblong,  slightly  elongated.  Teeth  in  jaws  villiform,  with  some 
outer  enlarged  canines  ;  no  teeth  on  vomer  or  palatines.  P'ins: 
The  third  dorsal  spine  terminates  in  an  elongated  filament  reaching 
half  of  the  distance  to  base  of  caudal.  The  longest  soft  rays  of 
dorsal  and  anal  are  about  equal  in  length,  and  eqvial  to  length  of 
head.  Caudal  slightly  rounded.  Pedlorals  slightly  longer  than 
head.     Color  in  spirits:   Olive  brown  with  darker  markings  above 


126  DircHor's  Annual  Report. 

the  axis  which  take  ou  more  or  less  the  form  of  half  bands  from 
the  back  to  the  axis  of  the  body.  Most  of  the  scales  of  the  body 
have  a  small  central  dot  of  pearly  white.  There  is  a  black  band 
vertically  down  from  the  lower  margin  of  the  eye  to  the  isthmus. 
Fins  are  all  dusky.  Three  .specimens,  length  1.50  inches.  Guam, 
Julv  I,  1900.     Hab.   Marianas. 

Genus  PERIOPHTHAI^MUS  Block  &  Schneider. 
269.     Periophthalmus  koelreuteri   (Pall.).     Maching. 

Head  3.50;  depth  2  into  head;  eye  4.20  into  head;  D.  xv,  12; 
A.  II.  Scales  90.  Eyes  large  and  elevated.  Anterior  profile  of 
head  very  abrupt.  Body  elongate,  sub-cylindrical  anteriorly,  com- 
pressed behind.  Teeth:  About  23  conical  pointed  teeth  in  each 
jaw.  Fins :  lyOwer  margin  of  caudal  obliquely  truncate.  The 
spines  of  anterior  dorsal  iin  very  flexible.  Pe<ftoral  with  its  basal 
portion  muscular  and  free.  Ventrals  short,  connedled  on  their 
basal  third.  Color  in  spirits:  Body  olive  brown;  head  may  have 
numerous  small  dots  of  lighter  color.  Spinous  dorsal  dusky,  tipped 
with  white,  and  with  a  rather  wide  and  distinct  sub-terminal  band 
of  black.  Soft  dorsal  broadly  tipped  with  white,  with  a  sub- 
terminal  black  band,  below  which  is  a  narrow  irregular  line  of 
white,  the  basal  third  of  the  fin  being  more  or  less  white-dotted. 
Caudal  and  pedlorals  dusky.  Ventrals  white  below,  dusky  above. 
Anal  white.  Four  specimens,  length  4-5  inches.  Guam,  June  14, 
1900.  Hab.  Coasts  of  India,  Andamans,  Malay  Archipelago, 
Marianas.  These  lung  fishes  are  very  abundant,  and  when  fright- 
ened usually  hop  out  of  the  water  and  take  to  land  for  safety. 

Family  BIvBNNIID^.— Blennies. 

Genus  SAI^ARIAS  Cuvier. 

270.     Salarias  periophthalmus  Cuv.  &  Val. 

Head  4.66;  depth  5.33;  eye  3.50;  interorbital  2  into  eye; 
D.  XII,  20;  A.  21;  C.  15.  No  scales.  Maxilla  reaches  to  below 
hind  margin  of  eye.  Body  elongate,  cylindrical  anteriorly.  Snout 
blunt. ,  Gill  openings  wide.  A  simple  tentacle  about  half  the 
length  of  eye  above  the  orbit,  and  a  fringed  one  at  the  nostrils. 
A  row  of  small  movable  teeth  in  each  jaw.  Fins:  Dorsal  fin  not 
continuous  on  to  the  caudal.  Caudal  is  almost  square;  the  lower 
rays,  however,  are  a  little  the  longest.  Color  in  spirits:  Yellowish 
white  with  about  six  pairs  of  slightly  darker  cross  bands  down  the 
sides.  A  short  oblique  blue  line  just  back  of  and  below  the  e)'e. 
A  few  small  dusky  spots  on  side  of  head.  Two  rows  of  dark- 
margined  ovate  blue  spots  down  the  sides  of  bod3\    Fins:  Yellowish 


Report  of  a   Mission   to  (luaw .  127 

white,  the  anal  with  a  dark  margin.  Three  specimens,  length 
2-4.50  inches.  Guam,  June  2,  1900.  Hab.  Andamans  to  Malay 
Archipelago,  Marianas. 

271.     Salarias  nigripes  sp.  nov. 

Head  3.66  ;  depth  3.20  ;  eye  3  ;  interorbital  2  into  eye;  I).  25; 
A.  17;  V.  3;  P.  15.  No  scales,  but  an  incomplete  lateral  line  which 
seems  to  terminate  on  a  line  with  the  tip  of  the  perioral  fins.  Max- 
illae reaching  to  below  the  posterior  part  of  eye.  Teeth  small, 
movable;  a  single  row  in  each  jaw;  no  canines.  A  small  tentacle 
over  the  eye,  and  another  at  nostril.  A  fringed  row  of  these  short 
fleshy  tentacles  over  the  posterior  margin  of  the  head,  from  the 
upper  margin  of  one  opercle  to  the  other.  Bod}'  slightly  elongate, 
compressed  posteriorly.  Branchiostegals  6.  Pseudobranchise  pres- 
ent. Fins:  The  caudal  is  square,  and  equal  in  length  to  pectorals. 
The  dorsal  commences  on  a  line  with  tip  of  opercle  and  extends  to 
base  of  caudal  fin.  The  base  of  anal  is  contained  twice  into  base 
of  dorsal.  Length  of  pectorals  about  equal  to  depth  of  body,  their 
base  2  into  head.  Ventrals  small,  1.50  into  head.  Color  in  spirits: 
A  uniform  warm  sepia  brown,  with  a  few  small  white  dots  on  snout 
and  below  the  eye.  Anal  fin  a  uniform  black.  The  remaining 
fins  uniform  with  coloring  of  the  body,  except  the  upper  anterior 
part  of  dorsal,  and  the  upper  third  of  caudal,  which  are  white;  the 
white  on  caudal  beginning  on  the  base  of  the  upper  two  or  three 
rays  and  broadening  posteriorly. ^  Thirty  specimens,  length  1-2.75 
inches.     Guam,  July  12,  1900.     Hab.  Marianas. 

372.     Salarias  nitidus  Gunth. 

Head  4.50;  depth  5.66;  eye  3  into  head;  interorbital  2  into 
eye  ;  maxillse  reach  to  below  posterior  margin  of  eye  ;  no  scales; 
D.  32;  A.  21.  Branchiostegals  6.  Gill  openings  wide.  Teeth: 
A  single  row  of  small  movable  teeth  in  each  jaw;  posterior  canines 
not  always  present.  Body  somewhat  elongate  and  compressed  pos- 
teriorly. IMouth  transverse,  a  tentacle  about  as  long  as  width  of 
eye,  on  upper  part  of  orbit;  also  a  small  one  at  nostril.  Dorsal  fin 
scarcely  notched,  beginning  above  the  opercle  and  terminating  just 
in  front  of  caudal.  Color  in  spirits:  Yellowish  white,  with  indis- 
tinct indications  of  seven  or  eight  brownish  cross  bands.  A  round 
black  dot,  slightly  smaller  than  eye,  on  each  side  of  body,  below 
the  notch  of  the  dorsal  fin.  Head  and  body  with  numerous  lighter 
yellowish  dots.  Dorsal  fin  with  a  row  of  brown  dots  along  middle. 
Anal  and  caudal  with  dark  margins.  Six  .specimens,  length  1-3.50 
inches.  Guam,  June  14,  1900.  Hab.  Samoan  Islands,  Marshall 
Islands,  Marianas. 

^Regardless  of  anj'  other  differences  this  white  pattern  of  the  caudal  fin  would  seem  suf- 
ficient to  warrant  this  form  to  stand  as  a  distinct  species,  for  in  the  thirty  specimens  before 
me  there  is  no  variation  from  this  type  of  caudal  marking'. 


128  Dircclor^ s  Annual  Report. 

Family  PI^BURONBCTID^.— Flounders. 

Genus  PI^ATOPHRYS  vSwainson. 
273-74.     Platophrys  pavo  Quoy  &  Gaim.     Tampat. 

Head  3.66;  depth  2;  eye  6.50;  interorbital  3,  concave  ;  D.  95; 
A.  73.  Scales  94,  the  lateral  line  curved.  Maxillary  2.66,  the 
posterior  end  being  on  a  line  with  anterior  margin  of  eye.  Mandi- 
ble 2  into  head.  The  posterior  two-thirds  of  the  interorbital  space 
is  scaly.  The  cleft  of  the  mouth  is  of  moderate  width.  The  teeth 
are  small,  in  a  single  series  in  each  jaw.  The  whole  of  the  lower 
eye  is  anterior  of  the  upper.  Body  elliptical,  ovate,  strongly  com- 
pressed. Anterior  profile  slightly  concave,  the  snout  projedling 
(more  noticeable  in  old  than  in  young  specimens) .  Lower  jaw  with 
a  well  developed  knob  at  symphysis.  Anterior  end  of  maxillary 
with  a  small  blunt  spine.  The  elevated  orbital  rims  are  smooth. 
Gill-rakers  moderate,  their  length  equal  to  diameter  of  pupil — 10  on 
lower  limb,  none  on  upper.  Scales  ctenoid.  All  the  fins  except 
pectorals  more  or  less  scaled.  Fins:  The  caudal  is  rounded.  The 
base  of  the  ventral  of  the  colored  side  is  3  into  head,  the  base  of 
the  ventral  on  the  white  side  being  only  one-half  as  long.  The 
dorsal  begins  on  the  snout  in  front  of  the  eye;  the  longest  ra}-  is 
2  into  head.  The  upper  ra\  s  of  the  colored  peclorals  are  elongated 
and  filiform.  The  longest  ray  of  anal  is  about  2  into  head. 
Color  in  spirits:  A  mottled  yellowish  brown,  covered  everywhere 
with  numerous  ocelli  of  various  sizes,  those  on  middle  of  sides 
largest,  being  equal  to  longitudinal  diameter  of  orbit;  these  ocelli 
usually  have  a  minute  brown  dot  in  the  middle  on  a  small  whitish 
zone,  surrounding  which  is  a  blue  ring  with  brown  margins,  the 
blue  zone  making  up  the  largest  part  of  the  ocellus.  There  are 
three  large  dusky  blotches  on  the  lateral  line.  The  dorsal  and  anal 
fins  are  slightl}'  darker  in  color,  the  anal  with  six  small  dark 
blotches  along  its  inner  half;  the  dorsal  with  about  eleven  of  these 
dusky  splotches ;  otherwise  these  fins  are  mottled  with  bluish, 
brown,  and  whitish  spots.  Colored  peroral  with  a  dusky  blotch 
near  its  centre.  Four  specimens,  length  1-9  inches.  Guam,  June 
2,  1900.    Hab.  China,  Kokas  Islands,  New  Hebrides,  Marianas. 


Notes  on  the  Birds  of  Kauai. 

BY  WM.   A.   BRYAN    AND    ALVIN    SEALE. 

The  following  observations  are  based  on  a  collection  made 
jointly  by  the  authors  for  the  Bernice  Pauahi  Bishop  Museum 
during  a  short  sojourn  on  the  island  of  Kauai,  extending  from 
April  12  to  May  4,  1900.  The  two  principal  centres  of  field  work 
were  the  Kaholuamano  mountain  house,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Mr. 
August  Knudsen's  home  near  Waimea. 

Kaholuamano,  which  is  the  place  where  Messrs.  Wilson,  Palmer 
and  Perkins  carried  ou  much  of  their  work,  is  the  property  of  Mr. 
Francis  Gay  and  is  splendidly  located  in  the  midst  of  the  forests  on 
the  western  slopes  of  Mount  Waialeale  at  an  elevation  of  about 
3800  feet  above  the  sea.  To  the  Messrs.  Gay  and  Knudsen  we  are 
indebted  for  much  of  the  success  of  the  trip. 

The  collection  numbers  one  hundred  and  forty  skins  and  skele- 
tons, besides  some  nests  and  eggs  and  much  valuable  alcoholic 
material.  In  most  cases  a  very  full  series  w^as  secured  of  the  seven- 
teen species  taken.  The  field  jottings  are  for  the  most  part  taken 
from  Mr.  Scale's  notes  whose  diary  extended  over  the  whole  period. 

Larus  barrovianus  Ridgw.     Point  Barrow  Gull. 

Attention  has  elsewhere  (Memoirs  B.  P.  B.  Mus.,  Vol.  I., 
pt.  3,  p.  96)  been  called  to  the  securing  of  two  specimens  of  this 
gull  on  the  island  of  Kauai  by  Mr.  Francis  Gay,  whose  hospitality 
we  enjoyed,  and  who  was  so  abundantly  able  to  help  us  in  our 
work.  He  kindly  presented  one  of  the  specimens  to  the  Museum. 
It  was  the  opinion  of  that  gentleman  that  they  had  wandered  down 
to  the  island  from  the  far  north,  having  been  lost  at  sea.  Both  speci- 
mens were  in  poor  flesh  when  they  were  secured,  one  being  unable 
to  fly.    One  of  the  birds  is  still  in  Mr.  Gay's  private  collection. 

Diomedea  nigripes  And.     Black-footed  Albatross. 

Our  notes  for  the  morning  of  April  12  take  account  of  this 
.species  flying  about  the  ship  as  we  were  crossing  the  channel  be- 
tween Oahu  and  Kauai. 

Puffinus  newelli  Henshaw.     Ao. 

This  species  has  long  been  knowai  to  the  natives  of  Kauai, 
where  it  was  called  Ao.     A  single  specimen  in  Mr.  Gay's  colle(5lion 

().  p.  B.  p.  B.  M.— Vol.  I.,  No.  r-,-  (  129  ) 


130  DircFtof  s  Annual  Rcpori . 

was  presenttd  to  the  Museum  and  was  the  only  example  of  the 
bird  secured.  Mr.  Gay  states  that  it  is  fairly  common  in  certain 
cliffs  in  the  mountains.  It  has  been  his  observation  that  they 
live  at  lower  elevations  and  closer  to  the  sea  than  does  the  Uau 
{.-Estrelata  phccopygia).  Even  when  they  are  found  in  the  same 
cliffs  the  Ao  keep  by  themselves  in  the  lower  part,  and  the  Uau 
to  themselves  higher  up.  The  fact  that  the  native  name  of  this 
bird  has  come  down  to  us  through  all  these  years,  but  that  the 
species  to  which  it  had  been  applied  by  the  kanaka  naturalists 
should  but  so  recently  come  to  the  light  of  science  speaks  much  in 
the  favor  of  those  skilled  old  bird-catchers  who  had  worked  out  the 
ornithology  of  their  land  with  such  exacftness. 

Oceanodroma  castro   (Harct.).     Hawaiian  Storm  Petrel. 

Oeoe. 

No  examples  of  this  bird  were  seen  except  in  the  private  col- 
led:ion  of  Mr.  Gay.  He  has  found  them  many  times  in  suitable 
cliffs  on  the  higher  mountains. 

Phaethon  lepturus   Lacep.  c\:  Daun.     White-tailed  Tropic 

Bird.     Koae. 

(3n  April  14  our  notes  state  that  six  tropic  birds  were  seen  at 
different  times  sailing  about  the  cliffs  above  the  Waimea  river, 
along  which  stream  the  path  leads  for  a  considerable  distance 
of  the  way  to  the  mountain  house.  The  splendid  cliffs  which 
are  in  many  places  hundreds  of  feet  high  seem  to  be  ideal  nesting- 
sites  for  this  species  which,  so  far  as  it  has  been  possible  to  learn, 
chooses  high  cliffs  in  preference  to  flat  rocks,  etc.,  as  is  the  habit  of 
the  Red-tailed  Tropic  Bird  on  Laysan  and  Necker  Islands.  While 
no  specimens  were  taken  during  our  stay  they  were  seen  in  various 
places  at  intervals  during  our  visit.  The  specimens  in  Mr.  Gay's 
colleclion  taken  on  Kauai,  all  of  which  were  undoubtably  the  same 
as  species  seen,  were  the  white-tailed  form,  as  are  also  the  skins  in 
the  Museum  series. 

Anas  wyvilliana  vSclater.    Hawaiian  Duck.     Koloa 

maoli. 

On  the  morning  of  April  23,  while  riding  along  the  turbulent 
mountain  stream  Wailie,  Mr.  Scale  saw  a  flock  of  fourteen  of  these 
ducks  swimming  about  in  a  quiet  eddy.  Three  were  taken — two 
males  and  a  female.  Later  on  three  more  ducks  were  seen,  but 
none  taken.  On  May  4,  while  collecting  at  Mr.  Knudsen's  place, 
several  flocks  were  seen  in  the  low  swamps.  The  pair  (Museum 
No.  9424^  ,  9423  9  )  are  in  full  plumage.  The  freshly  killed  speci- 
mens have  dark  hazel  eyes ;  the  bill  dark  sepia,  darkest  on  the 
upper  mandible,  and  with  a  greenish  tinge  on  the  sides  of  upper 


jVo/cs  0)1   flir  Hiidx  of  Kauai.  131 

mandible  in  the  male.     The  feet  are  white,  with  a  \ellowi.sh  cast 
in  the  female,  and  white  with  an  orano^e  yellow  tint  in  the  male. 

Nycticorax  nycticorax  nsevius  (Bodd.).     Black-crowned 
Night  Heron.     Auku  kohili. 

One  immature  female  (Mus.  No.  9433)  was  taken  from  flocks 
near  Waimea,  where  it  was  abundant  in  the  low  lands. 

Gallinula  sandvicensis  Streets.     Hawaiian  Gallinule. 

Alae. 

While  collecting  in  the  swamps  about  Waimea  on  May  4  this 
species  was  noted  as  especially  abundant. 

Fulica  alai  Peale.     Hawaiian  Coot.     Alae  keokeo. 

A  female  (Mus.  No.  9432)  was  taken  in  the  ponds  near  Mr. 
Knudsen's  home.  The  freshly  killed  bird  has  a  cherry-red  eye; 
the  frontal  shield  is  white  with  a  light  blui.sh  tip  to  the  upper  man- 
dible; the  feet  are  a  bluish  green.  A  number  of  nests  of  the  white- 
shielded  coot  were  seen  among  the  rushes  looking  very  much  like 
a  small  platform  of  grasses  with  a  siight  hollow  in  the  centre  for 
the  eggs.  Usually,  though  not  always,  the  grass  was  bent  down 
over  the  nest  so  that  it  was  partly  concealed.  The  nests  were  in 
colonies  of  six  or  eight.  One  set  of  six  eggs  was  taken.  The  nest 
was  among  the  rushes  about  twenty  feet  back  from  the  open  water; 
the  rushes  were  in  water  fourteen  to  eighteen  inches  deep. 

Himantopus  knudseni  vStejn.     Hawaiian  Stilt. 
Kukuluaeo. 

The  eggs,  nestlings,  a  half-grown  bird  and  four  adults  were 
taken  on  May  4.  The  ponds  near  Mr.  Knudsen's  house  cover  an 
area  of  several  acres,  and  at  this  time  of  year  are  so  shallow  that 
one  can  wade  anywhere  in  them.  Indeed  rushes  occupy  a  large 
part  of  them.  From  the  great  excitement  our  approach  caUvSed  it 
was  plain  that  the  birds  were  nesting.  The  stilts  were  wading 
about  in  the  water  or  running  about  on  the  land.  There  were 
hundreds  of  these  birds  in  sight.  They  uttered  a  sharp,  rather 
harsh  cry  almost  incessantl}-  when  on  the  wing.  A  nest  was  soon 
found  which  proved  to  be  an  old  one  with  one  bad  ^'g'g  in  it.  Shortly 
after  Mr.  Knudsen  found  a  nest  containing  two  eggs  and  two  re- 
cently hatched  young.  The  nest  is  usually  little  more  than  a  slight 
depression  in  the  ground — often  an  old  cow  track — with  a  few 
broken  bits  of  coarse  w^eeds  scratched  into  it.  The  nest  taken  was 
among  some  weeds  about  fifty  yards  from  the  water.  The  old  birds 
were  quite  fearless.  Approaching  to  within  a  few  feet  of  us,  they 
would  affect  all  sorts  of  ailments  to  decoy  us  from  the  nest.  A  favor- 
ite method  of  decoying  was  to  lay  flat  on  the  ground  with  their 
wings  spread  out.     They  would  often  affect  the  broken  wing  trick 


132 


Dircllor's  Annual  Rcpoii. 


Avhich  is  so  frequentl}'  adopted  by  waders.  They  have  a  curious 
sort  of  dance,  in  which  they  bend  their  long  legs  at  the  tibio-tarsal 
joint  and  bob  up  and  down  in  a  most  ridiculous  fashion.  Mr. 
Knudsen  said  that  he  had  only  noticed  them  performing  in  this 
manner  during  the  nesting  season.  One  specimen  taken  (Mus. 
No.  9427)  was  almost  half-grown,  but  as  a  rule  nesting  was  not  so 
far  advanced.  A  set  of  four  eggs  were  taken  which  were  too  badly 
incubated  to  save. 

Heteractitis  incanus  (Gmel.).    Wandering  Tattler.    Ulili. 

Occasional  specimens  were  seen.  On  April  23  two  birds  were 
noted  at  an  elevation  of  3500  feet^  while  on  May  4  in  the  marshes 
and  ponds  they  were  fairly  common. 

I/imosa  lapponica  baueri  (Naum.).     Pacific  Godwit. 

Notice  has  been  taken  (Memoirs  B.  P.  B.  Mus.,  Vol.  I.,  pt.  3, 
p.  27)  of  the  specimen  in  Mr.  Gay's  collection  which  was  secured 
by  him.  The  specimen  is  in  winter  plumage  and  was  secured  in 
the  late  autumn. 

Charadrius  dominicus  fulvus  (Gmel.).     Pacific  Golden 
Plover.     Kolea. 

On  x\pril  14  a  flock  of  five  were  seen  feeding  at  an  elevation  of 
1200  feet,  and  at  2000  feet  another  flock  was  sighted.  They  were 
noted  again  on  Ma}-  4  as  being  quite  plentiful  at  the  Waimea  ponds. 
On  April  23  a  male  was  taken  (Mus.  No.  9397)  with  the  testes 
very  much  enlarged  (.19X.60),  going  to  .show  that  the  mating 
season  was  well  advanced. 

Phasianus  torquatus  Gmel.     Ring-necked  Pheasant. 

Pheasants  were  seen  on  a  number  of  occasions,  but  no  place 
were  they  as  common  as  in  the  Waianae  mountains  on  Oahu. 

Turtur  chinensis  (Scop.). 
Chinese  Turtle  Doves  are  quite  common  on  Kauai. 

Asio  accipitrinus  sandvicensis  (Blox.).     Hawaiian  Owl. 

Pueo. 

This  bird  was  seen,  toward  nightfall  especially,  sailing  about 
the  cliffs  and  over  the  valleys.  On  one  occasion  one  was  seen  to 
drop  almost  straight  down  for  perhaps  three  hundred  feet,  and  after 
a  short  time  to  rise  from  the  bushes  and  wing  off  to  a  tree  with  what 
looked  like  a  wild  chicken  a  fourth  grown. 

Chasiempis  sclateri  Ridgw.     Apekepeke. 

vOf  this  interesting  little  fly-catcher  a  very  complete  series  was 
sectrred.  They  are,  like  their  cousins  on  Oahu  and  Hawaii,  the 
most  abundant  and  mo.st  easily  obtained  of  any  of  the  native  birds. 


A^o/(S  oil   tJic  Birds  of   Kauai.  13-^ 

It  is  not  uncoininon  to  have  them  approach  to  within  a  few  feet  of 
one,  and  after  satisfying  their  curiosity  to  resume  their  feeding  and 
calling,  so  that  they  are  easily  studied  while  alive.  They  are  met 
with  almost  invariably  in  pairs.  The  ochreous-colored  immature 
birds  keeping  together  and  the  adult  white-rumped  ones  keeping 
together,  so  that  we  have  not  yet  seen  au  adult  and  an  immature 
bird  mated.  No  nests  were  taken.  Everything  indicated  that  it 
was  past  the  nesting  time.  An  adult  was  seen  feeding  a  young 
which  was  just  able  to  fiv.  At  another  time,  April  iS,  a  pair  of 
adults  were  seen  feeding  four  young  w^iich  were  quite  able  to  fly- 
however,  they  were  being  cared  for  with  as  much  solicitude  as  they 
would  have  been  if  the}^  were  perfe(5lly  helpless.  One  of  the  four,, 
a  juvenile  female  (Mus.  No.  9408),  was  taken,  and  since  there  is. 
no  description  of  this  interesting  plumage  it  might  be  well  to  note 
that  it  more  nearly  resembles  the  mature  bird  than  it  does  the  im- 
mature plumage  which  intervenes.  The  plumage  all  over  has  a 
cottony  appearance.  The  sides,  top  and  back  of  the  head  are  pale 
ochraceous  mixed  with  brown,  and  with  bluish  gra}'  bases  to  the 
feathers.  The  throat  is  white  with  some  buffy  markings.  The 
breast  whitish  with  faint  smoky  and  ochraceous  markings  to  most 
of  the  feathers.  The  abdomen  is  whitish.  The  back  and  rump  mot- 
tled with  sepia,  pale  ochraceous  and  whitish.  The  wing  feathers 
and  coverts  are  sepia-tipped  and  narrowly  edged  with  pale  ochra- 
ceous. The  tail  is  dark  sepia  with  whitish  tips  on  the  inner  web 
of  all  but  the  centre  pair  of  feathers,  and  with  a  faint  indication  of 
whitish  on  the  outer  edge  of  the  outer  pair.  The  bases  of  the 
feathers  of  the  bod}-  all  over  are  mouse-gray  which  in  life  adds 
much  to  the  adult  appearance  of  the  fledgling  stage.  The  feet  are 
bluish;  the  eye  dark  hazel,  and  the  upper  mandible  dark  while  the 
lower  is  quite  yellowish.  Length  4.75,  wing  2.50,  tarsus  i.oo, 
culmen  .44.  Aside  from  the  fledgling  just  described  the  series 
taken  is  divided  into  ochraceous  immature,  and  adults,  indicating 
that  it  requires  at  least  two  years  to  reach  the  adult  plumage. 

Acridotheres  tristis  (Linn.).     False  Mina. 
Common  everywhere,  ranging  to  the  summit  of  Waialeale. 

Carpodacus  mexicanus  obscurus  McCall.     House  Finch. 

''Rice  Bird." 

Common  on  lowlands  ;  one  specimen  taken  at  Kaholuamano. 

Munia  nisoria  (Temm.).     Chinese  Sparrow. 

Common  in  flocks  in  the  valleys. 

Vestiaria  coccinea  Forster.     liwi. 

A  fine  series  was  taken  in  both  immature  and  adult  plumage. 
It  seems  to  require  at  least  two  years  for  the  liwi  to  assume  the 
plumage  of  the  adult. 


134-  Dircflor  s  Annual  Acj-orf. 

Himatione  sanguinea  (Gmel.).     Apapane. 

The  Apapane  is  fairly  common  on  Kauai.  Several  flocks  of 
from  five  to  fifteen  individuals  were  seen  feeding  on  a  single  koa  or 
oliia  tree.     The  bird  is  far  more  abundant  on  Kauai  than  on  Oahu. 

Chlorodrepanis  stejnegeri  (Wilson).     Kauai  Amakihi. 

Of  this  sturd}'  species  only  four  examples  were  taken.  All  the 
specimens  seen  were  feeding  among  the  flowers  of  the  ohia  growing 
at  an  elevation  of  not  less  than  4000  feet.  None  were  noted  about 
Kaholuamano.  Doubtless  they  were  more  plentiful  towards  the 
summit  of  Waialeale,  but  the  rainy  season  was  on  and  as  a  result 
the  whole  forest  was  one  all  but  impassable  quagmire,  in  which  it 
is  perilous  to  even  follow  the  rude  trail,  to  say  nothing  of  taking 
the  chances  ot  losing  it  in  the  dense  fogs  and  rains  which  envelope 
the  summit  almost  continuously. 

Chlorodrepanis  parva  (Stejn.). 

Perhaps  the  most  interesting  series  of  skins  secured  during  the 
trip  was  of  this  species.  About  Kaholuamano  they  were  seen  but 
rarely,  but  along  the  ridges  towards  the  summit  of  Waialeale  they 
were  more  and  more  abundant  so  far  as  our  explorations  extended. 
Afthis  sea.son  they  are  met  with,  feeding  about  in  loose  flocks  of  a 
dozen  or  more,  picking  at  the  flowering  ohia.  Many  times  they 
were  secured  from  trees  in  which  /,.  ccrruleirostris  (Wils.)  and 
H.  sanguinea  (Gmel.)  were  feeding.  Often  they  would  alight  on 
the  low  branches  to  sing  or  to  preen,  but  they  seemed  to  confine 
their  feeding  grounds  to  the  flowers  of  the  ohia  which  at  this 
season  were  blooming  profusel}'.  On  the  morning  of  April  18, 
while  coUecTiing  in  a  little  valley  which  sloped  off  from  the  main 
ridge  two  miles  northeast  of  the  mountain  house,  at  an  elevation  of 
about  4000  feet,  we  noted  a  tall  slender  ohia  that  was  growing  down 
close  beside  the  little  mountain  stream,  in  rather  open  ground, 
though  well  prote(5led  from  the  wind.  Attention  was  attracted  to 
it  by  the  rather  unusual  flight  of  what  proved  to  be  a  fine  adult 
male  (Mus.  No.  9365)  of  C.  parva.  By  a  careful  search  it  was 
po.ssible  to  locate  the  ne.st  of  the  bird  in  the  topmost  branch  of  the 
tree  some  fort}'  feet  from  the  ground.  Shortly  after  the  male  was 
secured  the  female  (Mus.  No.  9366)  flew  straight  to  the  nest  and 
proceeded  to  feed  the  young.  Climbing  the  slender  swaj'ing  tree 
was  a  difficult  and  somewhat  dangerous  task,  but  it  was  rewarded 
by  the  securing  of  the  nest  figured  on  the  opposite  page,  and  three 
young  birds  in  the  pin  feather.  A  careful  search  was  made  on  the 
ground  and  all  about  for  fragments  of  the  Q:'g%  shells  but  nothing 
was  found. 

The  ne.st,  which  is  believed  to  be  the  first  one  secured,  is  situ- 
ated in  a  vertical  crotch  and  was  virtually  hidden  from  view  by  the 
leaves  which  surrounded  it.     It  is  composed  externall}'  of  coarse 


A\i/cs  o?i   flic  III  ids  o/   /\a/!ai. 


135 


FIG.   7.       NEST    OF    CHLORODREPANIS    PARVA   (STEJN.)- 


136  DircFlor's  Annual  Repo?'t. 

moss  and  lichens,  into  which  are  loosely  placed  weed  stems,  skele- 
tons of  leaves,  and  a  few  roots.  The  inside  lining  is  made  up  almost 
entirel}^  of  stiff  black  hair-like  rootlets.  The  nest  is  3.50  inches 
deep  by  4.00  broad  outside;  inside  it  is  2.25  across  the  bowl  by 
1.50  deep.  In  general  appearance  it  more  closely  resembles  nests 
of  Chlorodrcpanis  and  Himatione  than  it  does  the  nests  of  Oiromyza 
in  the  Museum. 

A  close  study  of  the  material  secured  has  resulted  in  placing 
parva  in  the  genus  Chlorodrcpanis  (Memoirs  B.  P.  B.  Mus.,  Vol.  I., 
pt.  3,  p.  46).  Orcomyza  bairdi,  which  is  given  by  Dr.  Stejueger 
as  the  type  of  the  genus  Orcomyza  ^  has  the  tongue  but  slightly 
rolled  up  on  the  edges,  and  the  tip  is  bifurcated;  while  \\\ parva  it 
is  perfe(5tly  tubular  in  form,  with  the  brush-like  ciliae  at  the  tip, 
which  is  a  characfter  well  marked  in  all  the  members  of  the  Chloro- 
drcpanis genus.  In  adult  parva  the  edges  of  the  tongue  meet  and 
roll  past  each  other  to  form  the  sucking  tube.  While  in  the  very 
young,  as  exhibited  by  the  nestlings  just  mentioned,  the  tongue 
shows  no  marked  lateral  rolling,  nor  does  it  meet  to  form  a  tube. 
This  would  seem  to  indicate  most  clearly  that  this  form  has  been 
evolved  from  an  ancestral  type  in  which  this  organ  was  normal, 
and  would  remove  the  form  farther  from  the  parental  stem  than  the 
more  typical  genus  Orcomyza . 

Oreottiy^a  bairdi  Stejn.     Akikihi. 

We  secured  a  good  series  of  this  energetic  little  creeper-like 
bird.  In  its  search  for  food  it  would  often  come  down  on  the  ferns 
and  trunks  of  trees  to  within  a  couple  of  feet  of  the  ground,  but  it 
was  never  seen  to  alight  on  the  ground.  On  other  occasions  it  was 
seen  feeding  high  up  among  the  ohia  branches,  but  always  keeping 
to  the  bark  and  limbs,  where  its  antics  remind  one  of  the  nut 
hatches  of  America.  In  habit  it  is  totally  different  from  either  of 
the  Chlorodrepanis  of  Kauai. 

lyoxops  cseruleirostris  (Wils.).     Ou  holowai. 

On  the  ridges  two  or  three  miles  above  Kaholuamano  this 
species  is  quite  plentiful,  feeding  about  the  blooming  ohia.  They 
are  somewhat  gregarious — eight  to  fifteen  will  sometimes  alight  in 
a  clump  of  trees.  Their  graceful  movements  and  beautiful  olive 
and  yellow  plumage  make  them  one  of  the  one  of  the  most  charm- 
ing of  the  Kauai  mountain  birds.  Young  birds  were  secured  which 
would  indicate  that  the  breeding  season  was  as  early  as  Februar3^ 

Hetnignathus  procerus  Cab.     Kauai  Akialoa. 

We  colle(5led  four  specimens  of  this  bird  and  saw  a  number  of 
others.  One  young  male  (Mus.  No.  9220)  taken  April  27  is  in  a 
plumage  that  would  make  February  or  March  the  probable  nesting 


A^ofrs  on   the  Birds  of  Kauai .  137 

season.  The  food  seems  to  be  largely  inse(fts.  The  eye  in  the 
young  bird  is  a  dark  hazel,  the  feet  gra}',  and  the  bill  dusky  gray- 
ish. The  above  specimen  was  taken  while  feeding  about  the  trunks 
and  limbs  of  an  oliia  tree  much  the  same  as  a  flicker  would  do. 
They  use  their  long  bills  to  feel  under  bits  of  bark  and  in  cracks 
and  holes.  One  was  seen  to  reach  under  a  bit  of  bark  and  pull  out 
a  big  larva  which  it  devoured  greedily.  Three  others  were  seen 
near  the  same  place.  They  are  very  war}'  and  hard  to  approach, 
generally  keeping  to  the  higher  altitudes,  none  being  .seen  below 
,^500  feet.  A  fine  male  was  taken  on  April  30  from  a  flowering 
ohia  tree  well  on  towards  the  summit  of  Waialeale. 

Psittacirostra  psittacea  (Gmel.).     Ou. 

A  single  beautiful  male  specimen  was  taken  on  April  30  at 
upwards  of  4000  feet  elevation.  Mr.  Gay  .states  that  the  species  is 
far  more  plentiful  in  the  valleys,  where  it  feeds  ou  the  guava  often 
coming  down  lower  than  300  feet  elevation  after  them;  and  it  was 
his  impression  that  in  favorable  localities  they  would  come  dowm 
almost  to  the  sea  level  if  food  was  more  plentiful  there. 

Phseornis  myadestina  Stejn.     Kamau. 

On  April  18,  while  sitting  in  ambush  under  some  trees,  two  of 
these  birds  came  and  alighted  quite  near  us.  They  were  very 
quiet,  but  seeing  us  their  curiosity  was  aroused,  and  coming  nearer 
they  dropped  their  wings  so  that  they  almost  touched  the  branch 
they  were  sitting  on,  keeping  them  all  the  wdiile  in  a  quiver.  After 
satisfying  themselves  that  we  were  not  liable  to  molest  them  they 
flew  very  near  to  each  other  when  one  seemed  to  be  taking  food 
from  the  other's  bill,  or  at  least  to  rub  his  bill  through  the  mouth 
of  the  other.  These  birds  were  quite  similar  in  color  and  were 
billing  probably  preparatory  to  mating.  The  song  of  this  species 
is  remarkably  sweet.  While  the  birds  are  shy,  their  size  together 
with  their  song,  which  is  given  at  all  times  of  day — and  on  one 
occasion  was  heard  in  the  dead  of  the  night — make  them  not  a 
difficult  bird  to  secure.  No  young  were  colle(5led,  which  taken 
in  connection  with  the  mating  performance  just  detailed  would 
indicate  May  as  their  probable  nesting  time.  This  species  was 
fairly  common,  while  Phcrornis  palnicri  was  not  met  with  during 
our  staj'. 


List  of  Accessions. 


Department  of  Ornithology  and  Mammoeogy. 
Mamniah  Pin  chased. — Mounted. 

8780  Zalopluis  calif orniauus,  Less.     San  Francisco,  Cal. 

8781  Macropus  frsenatus,  Gould.     New  South  Wales. 

Mammals  Colleffed. 

8782  Herpestes  griseus,  Geoff,  c?      Colle(5ted  by  A.  vSeale. 

8968    Cervus  philippinus,  H.  Smith.     Skull  and  antlers.     Guam, 
Marianas.     Colle(5led  by  y\.  Seale. 

Birds  Pu  1  rh a sed.  — Man n  ted. 

9185  Macropteryx  mystacea,  Miiller.     Duke  of  York  Ids. 

9186  Hirundo  neoxena,  Gould.     New  South  Wales. 

9187  Sauromarptis  gaudichaudi,  Q.  &  G.     New  Guinea. 

9188  Melidora  macrorhina,  Less.     New  Guinea. 

9189  Tanysiptera  sah-adoriana,  Ramesq.     New  Guinea. 

9190  danse,  vSharpe. 

9 19 1  microrh^-ncha,  Sharpe.      New  Guinea. 

9192  Alcyone  azurse,  Ewing.     Tasmania. 

9193  Menura  superba,  Davis.  J'      Vi(5loria,  Aust. 

9194  Chilonyx  ochrocephala,  Gmel.     New  Zealand. 

9195  Merula    obscura,  Gmel.     Samoa. 

9196  Chibia  laemosticta,  Sclater.      New  Britain. 

9197  Pitta  mackloti,  Temm.     New  Guinea. 

9198  Lalage  tricolor,  Swains.     New  Guinea. 

9199  Eopsaltria  australis,  White.     New  South  Wales. 

9200  Gymnorhina  hyperleuca,  Gould.     Tasmania. 

9201  Gymnocorvus  senex,  Less.     New  Guinea. 

9202  Paradisea  raggiana,  Sclater.     New  Guinea. 

9203  Manucodia  atra,  Less.     New  Guinea. 

9204  chalybeata,  Penn.     New  Guinea. 

9205  conirii,  Sclater.     New  Guinea. 

9206  Msenatus  religiosus.  Less.     Malay  Peninsula. 

9207  Rhytidoceros  subruficollis,  Elyth.     New  Zealand(?). 

9208  plicatus,  Forster.     New  Guinea. 

9209  Lorius  hypoenochrous.  Gray.     Fiji. 

9210  Chalcopsittacus  scintillatus,  Temm.      New  Guinea. 

9211  Trichoglossus  rubritorques,  Vig.  &  Horsf.     Queensland. 

9212  Nasiterna  pusio,  Sclater.     Solomon  Ids. 
( 13S ) 


List  of  Acccssio)is.  139 

9213  Clyptorhynclius  xanthoiiotus,  Gould.     vSoutli  Australia. 

9214  Microglossu.s  aterrimus,  Vieill.     New  Guinea. 

9215  Crlobicera  oceanica,  Less.     Samoa. 

9216  Carpopliaga  rufiventris,  Salvad.     New  Guinea. 

9217  Melagoprepia  assiniilis,  Gould.     Cape  York,  Aust. 

9218  Reinwardtoenas  reinwardti,  Heine  &  Rhno.     New  Guinea. 

9219  Otidipliaps  cervicalis,  Rams.     New  Guinea. 

9220  Goura  albertisii,  Salvad.      New  Guinea. 

9221  Didunculus  strigirostris,  Jard.      Samoa. 

9222  Megapodius  cumingi,  Dillwj-n.     Solomon  Ids.(?) 

9223  Demiegretta  sacra,  Gmel.      (vSum.  plum.)      Samoa. 

9224  sacra,  Gmel.      (\\'int.  plum.)      Samoa. 

9225  Carphibis  spinicollis,  Reich.      New  South  Wales. 

9226  Himantopus  leucocephalus,  Gould.     Australia. 

9227  Porphyrio  melanotus,  Newt.      New  Zealand. 

9228  Tribonyx  mortieri,  Dubos.      Queensland. 

9229  Amaurornis  moluccana,  Wall.     Duke  of  York  Id. 

9230  Chenonetta  jubata,  Brandt.     Tasmania. 

9231  Nettopus  pulchellus,  Gould.     New  Guinea. 

9232  Spatula  rhj'ncholus,  Gra}'.     New  Zealand. 

9233  Gabianus  pacificus,  Bruch.     Australia. 

9234  Larus  dominicanus,  Licht.      New  Zealand. 

9235  Phalacrocorax  carunculatus,  Steph.     New  Zealand. 

9236  Pelicanus  conspicillatus,  Reich.     New  South  Wales. 

9238  Mino  dumonti,  Less.      Duke  of  York  Id. 

9239  Phalacrocorax  varius,  Gmel.     New  Zealand. 

9240  Drepanornis  albertisi,  Sclater.     New  Guinea. 

9241  Parotia  sexpennis,  Bodd.     New  Guinea. 

9242  Lophorhina  superba,  Vieill.     New  Guinea. 

9243  Paradigalla  carunculata,  Eyd.  &  Souleyet.     New  Guinea. 

9244  Xipholena  pompadora,  Gould.     New  Guinea. 
9255  Megaloprepia  magnilica,  Temm.      New  Guinea. 

Birdskins   Given. 

92S5    \'estiaria  coccinea,   Forster.  9      Oahu,   H.I.     Given  by  Dr. 
Huddy,  Honolulu. 

9305  Larus   glaucus,    Brunn.     Kauai,    H.   I.     Given  b}-  Francis 

Gay  Esq.,  Waimea,  Kauai. 

9306  Puffinus  newellii,  Henshaw.     Kauai,  H.  I.    Given  by  Francis 

Gay  Esq.,  Waimea,  Kauai. 

Birdskins    CoUeclcd. 

By  A.  Seale,  on  Oahu,  H.  I. 

9149-55    Haliplana  fuliginosa,  Gmel.     6  <?  ,  i9. 
9156-58    Anous  stolidus,  Liun.     3  J' . 

9159  Totanus  incanus  (Gmel.).? 

9160  Phasianus  torquatus,  Gmel.  9 

9161  Charadrius    dominicus    fulvus    (Gmelin).9 


140  DircHor  s  Annual  Report. 

9162-3    Totaniis    incanus    (Ginelin).      i^,    i9. 
9164-5    Microanous  hawaiiensis,  Roths.      2$  . 
9166-7    Dafila  acuta,  lyiuii.      \  $  ,  i  9  . 

9168  Anas  wyvillianus,  Sclater.  $ 

9169  Porphyrio  melanotus,  Newt.  $ 

9170  Nycticorax  nycticorax  naevius  (Bodd.).(? 

91 7 1  Arenaria  iuterpres  (Linn.).  9 

9172-3    Charadrius  dominicus  fulvus  (Gmel.).<? 

9 1 74  Arenaria  interpres  ( I^inn . ) .  9 

9175  Nycticorax  nycticorax  ncevius  (Bodd.). 

9176  Acridotheres  tristis,  Linn. 
9180    Asio  accipitrinns,  Pall.  9 

9182-4    Turtur  chinensis,  Scop.     29,  \$  . 
9246-70    Chasiempis  gayi,  Wilson.      i6<?  ,  99  . 

9271  Turtur  chinensis,  Scop.  ^ 

9272  Asio  accipitrinns,  Pall.  $ 

9273  Acridotheres  tristis,  \Jn\\\.$ 

9274-84    Himatione  sanguinea,  Gmel.     6^,  59. 

9286    Himatione  sanguinea,  Gmel.  $ 

9287-89    Chlorodrepanis  chloris,  Cab.      2$  ,  i9. 

By  Wm.  A.  Br\'an  and  A.  Scale,  on  Kauai,  H.  I. 

9307-25    Himatione  sanguinea,  Gmel.      12^,  79. 
9326-51    Vestiaria  coccinea,  Forster.      17^,  S9,  i  juv 
9352-61    Loxops  caeruleiro.stris,  Wilson.     8c?,  29. 
9362-82    Chlorodrepanis  parva,  vStejn.      lOt?,  11  9. 
9383-92    Phaeornis  myiadestina,  Stejn.     5^,49,  i  ?. 
9393-96    Chlorodrepanis  stejnegeri,  Wilson.     3  c?  ,  i9. 
9397    Charadrius  dominicus  fulvus,  Gmel. 
9398-9403    Oreomyza  bairdi,  vStejn.      2^^,49. 
9404-17    Chasiempis  sclateri,  Ridgway.      7^,69,  i  ? 
9418-22    Hemignathus  obscurus,  Gmel.     3c?,  29. 
9423    Psittirostra  psittacea,  Gmel.  <? 
9424-25    Anas  wyvilliana,  Sclater.  $ 
9426-30    Himanotopus  knud.seni,  Stejn.     2  <?  ,  39. 

9431  Charadrius  dominicus  fulvus,  Gmel.  9 

9432  Fulica  alai,  Peale,  <? 

9433  Nycticorax  nycticorax  nsevius,  Bodd.  9 

9434  Anas  wyvilliana,  Sclater.  $ 

9435  Loxops  caeruleirostris,  Wilson.  $ 

9436  Chlorodrepanis  parva,  Stejn.  <? 

9437  Oreomyza  bairdi,  Stejn.  $ 

9438  Chasiempis  sclateri,  Ridg.  $ 

9439  Himatione  sanguinea,  Gmel.  9 

9440  Ve.stiaria  coccinea,  Forster.  9 
9441-44    Gallus  gallus,  Linn.      J^  ,  9  ,  and  juv. 

By  A.  Seale,  on  Guam,  Marianas, 

9449-69    Myzomela  rubrata.  Less.      15^  ,  29,4  juv. 
9470-75    Rhipidura  uraniae,  Ou.st.     3,^,39. 


List  of  ^Icci'ssioiis.  141 

9476-86    Myiagra  freycincti,  Oust.     3  J' ,  6  9  ,  i  jiu'.,  i  ?. 

9487    Corvus  kubaryi,  Rcliw.  9 

9488-98    Ptiliuopus  roseicapillus,  Less.     8^,  29,  1  juv. 

9499-9501    Turtur  dussuinieri,  Temm.      i  ^  ,  29  . 

9502-15    Phlegoeuas  xauthoiiura,  Teniin.     8  J' ,  69. 

9516    Sula  piscatrix,  Liim.  (? 

9517-23    Charadrius  fulvus,  Ginel.  ^ 

9524-5    Heteractitis  incanus,  Gmel.  $ 

9526    Charadrius  mongolus,  Pall.  9 

9527-8    Excalfactoria  sinensis,  Gniel.      i  $  ,  i  9  . 

9529-32    CoUocalia  fuciphaga,  Thunb.      2  <?  ,  29. 

9533-35    Anas  oustaleti,  Salvad.      1$  ,  29  . 

9536-40    Hj^potsenidia  oustini,  Roths,     i  <?  ,  3  9  ,  i  juv. 

9541-44    Acrocephalus  luscinia,  Quoy  &  Gaini.     3  J"  ,  i  9  . 

9545-50    Halcyon  cinnanionea,  Swains.     3  (?  ,  39. 

9551    Poliolinmas  cinereus,  Vieill.  9 

9552-65    Aplonis  kittlitzi,  F.  &  Hartl.     4^,69,4  juv. 

9566-77    Zosterops  conspicillata,  Kittl.      i  J"  ,  9  9  ,  2  juv. 

9578-84    Gygis  alba   Kittlitzi,  Hart.     5  <?  ,  i9,  i  juv. 

9585-88    Demiegretta  sacra,  Gmel.      i  <?  ,  3  9  . 

9589-93    Anous  stolidus,  L,inn.     3^,  29. 

9594-99    Gallinula  chloropus,  Liun.      2 «?  ,  4  9  . 

9600-02    Ardetta  sinensis,  Gmel.     2$  ,  i9. 

9603  sinensis  bryani,  Scale.      (Type.) 

9604-07  sinensis  bryani.  Scale,      i  <?  ,  39. 

9608  P'regata  aquila,  Pinn.  ^    (Given  by  Lieut.  W.  E.  Safford.) 

By  A.  Seale,  in  Monterey,  Cal. 

9609  Archimophorus  occidcntalis,  Lawr.  S 

9610  Gavia  pacificus,  Lawr.  S 

9611-12    Colymbus  nigricollis  californicus,  Heerm.      i  $  ,  i  9  . 

9613  Stercorarius  pomarinus,  Temm.  9 

9614  longicaudus,  Vieill.  9 

9615  Sterna  maxima,  Bodd.  $ 
9616-20  elegans,  Gamb.     4  c?  ,  i9. 
9621-24    Larus  Philadelphia,  Ord.      2$  .  29. 

9625  heermanii,  Cass.  $ 

9626  brachyrhynchus.  Rich.  9 
9627-29  occidcntalis,  And.      1$  ,  29  . 
9630-34    Ceratorhyncha  monocerata.  Pall,      i  <?  ,  4  9  . 
9.635-36    Fulmarus  glacialis  glupischa,  Stejn.      i  <?  ,  i  9  . 
9637    PufBnus  opisthomelas.  Cones.  9 

9638-9  grisetis,  Gmel.      i  <?  ,  i  9  . 

9640  Cepphus  columba,  Pall.  S 

9641  Brachyramphus  marmoratus,  Gmel.  9 

9642  Uria  triole,  Linn.  $ 

9643  Munia  nisoria,  Temm.  $     Oahu,  H.I. 


142  Dircfior  s  Amiital  Report. 

Department  of  ExXTomology. 

Received  27  boxes  insedls,  divided  as  below,  being  part  of  the  col- 
lecftion  made  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands  by  Mr.  R.  C.  L.  Perkins: 
7  boxes  containing  Lepidoptera  ;  9  boxes  containing  Neiirop- 
tera  ;  3  boxes  containing  Coleoptera  ;  3  boxes  containing  Hy- 
menoptera  ;  5  boxes  containing  Orthoptera. 

Collection  of  American  Butterflies  from  Mrs.  Sarah  H.  Mitchell. 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Department  of  Conchologv. 

Part  of  the  collecftion  made  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands  b^'  Mr.  R.  C. 

L.  Perkins,  consisting  of  the  land  shells  of  the  xVchatinellidae, 

Succineidae  and  Tornatellidse. 
Collection  of  land  and  marine   mollusca   made  in  Guam  by   Mr. 

Scale.     Not  yet  classified. 

Departments  of  Botany  and  Geology. 

Collection  of  botanical  specimens  made  on  Kauai  b}^  Messrs.  Bryan 
and  Scale,  and  a  collection  made  by  Mr.  Scale  in  Guam. 
These  will  be  classified  later. 

8575-8577  Argyroxiphium  sandwicense,  De  Cand.  Haleakala, 
Maui.     Three  specimens  given  by  Miss  Carrie  Castle. 

Department  of  Geology. 

8,566    Zeolite,    from    Nuuanu    \'alley,     Oahu,    H.   I.     Given  by 

Mr.   F.   Rowald. 
10,010    Collecftion,  25  specimens  from  North  America  and  the  West 
Indies.     Given  by  Mrs.  S.  M.  Damon. 

Departmf:nt  of  Herpetology. 

7.960  Cast  of  Crotalus  adamanteus.     Arizona. 

7.961  Cast  of  Crotalus  adamanteus  (juv.).     Arizona.     Given  by 
Mr.  John  \V.  Thompson. 

Given  by  Prof.  II.  W.  Ileiishaw.  Hilo,  H.  I. 

10,042    Enioia  cyanvira,  Lesson.      Keaukaha,  Hawaii. 
10,043-4    Ablepharus  boutonii  pcccilopleurus,  Wiegmann.    Keau- 
kaha, Hawaii. 

10.045  Ablepharus  boutonii  pcccilopleurus,  Wiegmann.  Naolelo, 
Kau,  Hawaii. 

10.046  lyciolopisma  noctua,  Lesson.     Coconut  Island,  Hawaii. 
10,047-8    Peropus  mutilatus,  Wiegmann.     Kau,  Hawaii. 
10,049    Hemidactylus  garnotii,  Dumeril  &  Bibron.     Hilo.  Hawaii. 
10,050-4    Lepidoclactylus  lugubris.   Dum.  «&  Bib.      Hilo,  Hawaii. 

10.055  Lepidodactylus  kigubris,  Dum.  &  Bib.      Kau,  Hawaii. 

10.056  Lepidodactylus  lugubris.  Dum.  &  Bib.    Keaukaha,  Hawaii. 


/,/.sV  of  Accessions.  143 

Dkpartimkxt  ()i-  Iciithvoloc.v. 

Collection  of  fishes  made  by  Mr.  A.  Seale  on  Giiani.     Named  and 
numbered  on  previous  pages. 

Sponges,  Corals,  Asteroids  and  Miscellaneous. 

8,996-7  Knplectella  aspergillum,  Owen.  Zamboanga.  Philip- 
pine Islands.  Given  by  Hon.  Dean  C.  \\"orcester,  Philippine 
Commission. 

10.011  Hyalonema  sieboldii,  Gray.     Japan. 

8.935  Asterias  sp.      Koloa,  Kauai.     Given  by  A.   F.  Judd  Esq. 

8.936  Ophidiaster  sp.  Koloa,  Kauai.  Given  by  Miss  Georgiana 
Williams. 

10.012  Pocillopora  granis,  Dana.     Society  Islands. 
10,016    Renilla  amethystina.     California. 

Ethnoloc'tV  and  Anthropology. 

7.508  Pohaku  liana  ikaika.      Kauai.     Given  by  \V.  H.  Rice,  Jr. 

7.509  Skull  of  young  Hawaiian  girl.  Kauai.  Given  by  J.  K. 
Farley  Esq. 

7,551    Canoe  model.      Marshall  Ids.     Given  by  A.  F.  Judd  Esq. 
7,625    Stone  dish,  oval,  knob  on  each  end.      Hawaiian  Ids. 
7,628    Sling  stone.     Oahu. 
7,868-70    Umeke  poi,   kou   {Cord/a  siibcordata) .    Wooden  bowls. 

Hawaiian  Ids. 
7,952-3    Poi  boards  of  koa.     Hawaiian  Ids. 
7,954-5    Poi  pounders,  ring  form.     Kauai,  H.I. 

7.956  Disk,  thick,  wooden.      Hawaiian  Ids. 

7.957  Polishing  stone.      Hawaiian  Ids. 

7.958  Stone  lamp.     Hawaiian  Ids. 

7.959  Stone  mortar  or  lamp.     Hawaiian  Ids. 

8,090    Basket  of  fern  stems  ;   modern  Hawaiian  manufacture. 

8.540  Strips  of  plaited  Pandanus  and  fern  steni  prepared  for  hat 
making.     Kauai.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8.541  Fern  stem.     Kauai.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8.542  Peelings  from  No.  8541  used  in  No.  8540.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8.543  Leaves  of  loulu  (Pritchardia  sp.)  palm.     Coll.  A.  Seale. 

8.544  vStrips  of  loulu  palm  prepared  for  weaving.    Coll.  A.  Seale. 
8,569    Body  of  very  young  baby  (Hawaiian)  dried  and  wrapped 

in  kapa.     Oahu. 
8,578    Hat  of  bambu,  Samoan.     Given  by  Mrs.  Falke. 
8,636-64    Umeke  poi  (29)  of  kou   {Cordia  subcordata)   and  milo 

{Thcspcsia  populnca),    ranging    in    sizes    from   7X2^2    inches 

to  19X7/2  inches.     Purchased  in  Honolulu. 
8,665    Ipu  kai.  Fish  dish,  kou.     Purchased  in  Honolulu. 
8,666-7    Tw^o  wooden  boxes  containing  outfits  for  members  of 

Hale  Nana,  Honolulu.     Bequeathed  by  deceased  members. 


i_|.4  Direfioi''' s  Annual  Report. 

■j,g-j4    Filipino  skull.     Given  by  Col.  Woodruff. 

Given  by  the  Trustees  of  Oahu  College,  Honolulu. 

8,671    Helmet  of  ieie  {Freycinctia  arnottii).    Hawaiian  Ids. 
672-7    Kapa  beaters.     Hawaiian  Ids. 

8.678  Ulu  niaika.     Hawaiian  Ids. 

8.679  Adz  head,  unfinished.     Hawaiian  Ids. 

8.680  Adz  head.     Hawaiian  Ids. 

8.681  Drum,  sharkskin  head.     Marquesas  Ids. 

8,682-5    Wooden  legs,  showing  tatu  pattern.     Marquesas  Ids. 

8.686  Carved  wooden  dish.     Marquesas  Ids. 

8.687  Neck  ornament  of  human  hair  bound  with  sennit.     Mar- 
quesas Ids. 

688-g    Anklets  of  human  hair.      Marquesas  Ids. 

6go    Coronet,    band    of   braided  sennit    supporting  pearl  shell. 

Marquesas  Ids. 
691    Pair  bone  ornaments.     Marquesas  Ids. 
642-3    Staves  of  wood  ornamented  at  one  end  with  human  hair. 

Marquesas  Ids. 

694  Club.     Marquesas  Ids. 

695  Nose  flute.     (?) 

696  Club,  pineapple  type.     Fiji. 
8,697    Club.     Tonga. 
8,698-9    Club-shaped  sword,  coconut  wood.     Gilbert  Ids. 

700-2    Spears  edged  with  shark's  teeth.     Gilbert  Ids. 

703  String  of  human  teeth.     Gilbert  Ids. 

704  Large  round  ball  of  sennit,  3  feet  3  inches  in  circumference. 
Marshall  Islands. 

785  Cinet  covered  with  fine  matting.     Marshall  Ids. 

786  Shell  adz.     Marshall  Ids. 

787  Canoe  bailer,  breadfruit  wood.     Caroline  Ids. 

788  Canoe  bailer  (model).     Ruk,  Caroline  Ids. 

789  Tol,  male  dress  of  banana  fibre.     Caroline  Ids. 

790  Dance  paddle.     Mortlock  Ids. 

791  Walrus  head  {Ti'icheais  obesus).     Alaska. 

8.819  Bracelet  of  bear  tusks.     Hawaiian  Ids. 

8.820  Kvipee  niho  ilio,  in  fragments.     Hawaiian  Ids. 

8.821  Bundle  of  kapa  markers  ( 10).      Hawaiian  Ids. 

8.822  Kapa  ruler.     Hawaiian  Ids. 
8,823-4    Baskets  of  unknown  locality. 

From  other  sources. 

8,811    Stone  idol.     Kailua,  Hawaii. 
8,812-14    Kapa.     Hawaiian  Ids. 

815    Poi  pounder,  unfinished.     Oahu.     Given  by  Edw.  Aikua. 
8,816-17    Kapa.     Hawaiian  Ids. 
8,818    Notification  of  the  cession  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  to  Great 

Britain    in    1843  ;    marked   on  copper.     Given  by   Prof. 

F.  A.  Hosmer. 


List  of  Accessions.  145 

8,931    Stone  adze  head.      Hawaiian  Ids. 

8,932-3    Samoan  paddles.     Given  by  Lieut.  W.  E.  Safford. 

8.934    Samoan  club.     Given  by  Lieut.  W.  E.  Safford. 

Collected  by  Mr.  A.  Seale,  in  Guam,  Marianas. 

8,937    Bambu  water  carrier.  Agaiia. 

8,938-41    Mats,  Pandanus.  " 

8.942  Basket,  Pandanus.  " 

8.943  vSack,  Pandanus.  " 

8.944  Rope  of  Hibiscus  fibre.  " 

8.945  Basket,  Pandanus.  " 

8.946  Bag,  Pandanus.  " 

8.947  Basket,  Pandanus.  " 
8,948-9  Pandanus  leaves,  dried.  " 
8,950-1    Hats  of  Pandanus.  " 

8.952  Bambu  fire  sticks.  " 

8.953  Fillet  of  grass  and   Pandanus.      From  the  Caroline  Island- 

ers' settlement  at  Guam. 
8,954-6    Dresses  of  Hibiscus.     Caroline  Islanders'  settlement  at 

Guam. 
8,957    Dress  of  Hibiscus.      Ruk,  Caroline  Ids.     Given  by  Lieut. 

W.  E.  Safford. 
8,958-59    Hats  of  Pandanus.     Caroline   Islanders'   settlement  at 

Guam. 

8.960  Necklace  of  flower  stamens,  plaited.     Caroline  Islanders' 

settlement  at  Guam. 

8.961  Iron  ground  cultivator.     Agaiia. 
8,962-3    Iron  lance  heads.  " 

8.964  Iron  fish  spear.  " 

8.965  Machete  and  sheath.  Given  by  Lieut.  W.  E.  Safford.  Agaiia. 

8.966  Sling  stone.     Given  by  Padre  Paloma.     Agaiia. 

8.967  Sling  stone.     Agaiia. 

8,998    Broom,  made  of  midribs  of  coconut  leaves.     Agaiia. 
8,999-9,000    Brooms,  made  of  grass.     Lu^on,  Philippine  Ids. 

Received  from  the  late  C.  M.  Hyde,  D.D. 

8.969  Spear.     Samoa. 

8.970  Fly-flap.     Samoa. 

8.971  Drill.     Tapituea,  Gilbert  Ids. 

8.972  Club  made  from  a  whale  rib.     Gilbert  Ids. 

8.973  Club  made  from  coconut  wood.     Maiana,  Gilbert  Ids. 

8.974  Adze.     Maiana,  Gilbert  Ids. 

8.975  Adze. 

8.976  Ladle  of  coconut.     Gilbert  Ids. 

8.977  Implement  of  unknown  use.     Micronesia. 

8.978  Dance  wand,  small.     Marshall  Ids. 

8.979  Dance  paddle.     Ponape,  Caroline  Ids. 
8,980-1    Dance  wands.     Ruk,  Caroline  Ids. 

O.  p.  B.  p.  B.  M.— Vo-^.  I.,  No.  Tv 


146  Direflor's  Annual  Report. 

8.982  Poi  pounder  of  coral  rock.     Caroline  Ids. 

8.983  Canoe  model.     Caroline  Ids. 

8.984  Club.     Samoa.  , 

8.985  Pillow,  bambu.     Samoa. 
8,986-90    Sandals.     Hawaiian  Ids. 

8.991  Basket  for  fish  or  shrimps.      Hawaiian  Ids. 

8.992  Coconut  cup.      (?) 

8,993-4    Strings  of  Conus  disks.     Gilbert  Ids. 

10.033  Adz  head,  stone,  small.      Hawaiian  Ids. 

10.034  Fragment  of  the  stalagmite  used  in   Bonabe,  Gilbert  Ids 
to  make  fish  hooks  for  bonita. 

Silveriuare . — Given  by  the  Hon.  C.  R.  Bishop. 

10.001  Tea  service,  at  one  time  property  of  Kanaina. 

10.002  Forks  (8),  at  one  time  property  of  Kekuanaoa. 

10.003  Sugar  tongs,  at  one  time  property  of  Kekuanaoa. 

10.004  Dessert  spoon,  at  one  time  property  of  Paki. 

10.005  Soup  ladle,  at  one  time  property  of  Kuakini. 

10.006  Tea  spoons  (7),  at  one  time  property  of  Kuakini. 

10.007  Tea  spoons  (10),  at  one  time  property  of  Keelikolani. 

10.008  Forks,  small  (12),  at  one  time  property  of  Kekauluohi. 

10.009  vSugar  tongs,  at  one  time  property  of  Kuakini. 


10,013-14    Clubs  from  New  Guinea. 
10,015    Club.      New  Britain. 


ADDITIONS    T(3    THE    LIBRARY. 

[Those  marked  with  an  asterisk  were  obtained  liy  exchange.] 

*  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia:  Journal,  Vol.  XL, 

part  3.    Proceedings  1899,  part  3.    Proceedings  1900,  parts  1-2. 

American  Anthropologist,   new  series.  Vol.  II.,  Nos.  1-3. 

American  Museum  of  Natural  History:  Tenth  and  eleventh  an- 
nual reports  1879  and  1880.  Given  by  Wm.  T.  Brigham  Esq. 
*  Annual  reports  for  1896,  1897,  1898  and  1899.  *  Bulletin, 
Vol.  XL,  parts  1-3,  Vol.  XII.  Jesup  North  Pacific  Expe- 
detion — Ethnographical  album  of  the  North  Pacific  coasts  of 
America  and  Asia,  part  i,  1900. 

*American  Philosophical  Society:  Proceedings,  Vol.  XXXVIIL, 
Vol.  XXXIX,  Nos.  161,  162  and  163.  Transactions,  new 
series.  Vol.  XX.,  part  i. 

Journal  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  Vol.  XXXIV.  London, 
1 899- 1 900. 

*  Anthropological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and   Ireland  :  Journal, 

Vols.  I.  and  11.      London,  1898-1899. 
*Anthropologie  de  Paris,   Societe  d' — :   Bulletins,  tomes  IX. -X., 
1898-1899. 


List  of  Acccssio)is.  147 

*Antliropolo^i.sclien  Gesellscliaft  in  Wien,  Mittheihingen  der — : 
XXIX  Band.  VI.  Heft,  XXX  Band,  Heft  I.-V. 

*Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal:  Proceedings  for  1899,  Nos.  9-1 1. 
Proceedings  for  1900,  Nos.  1-8.  Journal,  Vol.  LXVIII., 
Part  2,  Nos.  2-4.     Journal,  Vol.  LXIX.,  Part  2,  No.  i. 

The  Auk,  Vol.  XVII.,  No.  3,  July  3,  1900.  Given  by  Henry  C. 
Carter  Esq.,  New  York. 

*Australian  Museum:  Memoir  III.,  Part  10.  Memoir  IW,  Trawl- 
ing results  of  "Thetis'",  Part  2,  Crustacea.  Records,  \'ol. 
III.,  Nos.  7-8. 

Bailey,  L.  H. — Cyclopedia  of  American  horticulture,  Vols.  I.,  II.. 
New  York,  1900. 

Banks,  Sir  Jos.  and  Solander,  Dr.  Daniel. — Illustrations  of  the 
botany  of  Captain  Cook's  voyage  in  the  "Endeavour",  1768- 
1871.      Part  I,  Australian  plants.     London,  1900. 

Bates,  Henry  Walter. — The  naturalist  on  the  River  Amazon,  2 
vols.      London,  1863. 

Beddard,  F.  E. — A  book  of  Whales.     London,  1900. 

Bentham,  Geo. — P'lora  Hongkongensis.     London,  1861. 

Berkeley,  M.  J. — Outlines  of  British   Fungology.     London,    i860.. 

Berlin  Gesellschaft  fiir  Anthropologic,  Ethnologic  und  Urges- 
chichte  :  Verhandlungen  der — .  Sitzung  vom  17  Feb.  und  17 
Marz  1900.     Zeitschrift  fiir  Ethnologic,   1900.     Heften  I-IV.. 

Bible,  owned  by  Kaahumanu,  wife  of  Kamehameha  I.  Given  by 
Mrs.  Irene  li  Brown. 

Biro,  Ludwig ;  Beschreibender  Catalog  der  Ethnographischen 
Sammlung  aus  Deutsch-Neu-Guinea  (Berlinhafen).  Buda- 
pest, 1899. 

*Boston  Public  Library:  Forty-eighth  annual  report,  1899-1900;: 
Monthly  bulletins,  1900,  Vol.  V. 

Boulenger,  G.  A. — Reptiles  and  batrachians  of  the  Solomon  Islands. 

Brinton,  D.  G. — Catalogue  of  the  Berendt  Linguistic  Collection. 
Philadelphia,  1900.     Given  by  Stewart  Culin,  Esq. 

British  Admiralty:  Catalogue  of  charts,  etc,  London,  1900;  A  con- 
secutive list  of  charts,  London,  1900. 

British  Admiralty:   Charts — 

No.     214.     Solomon  Islands. 

No.    440.     Fiji,  Eastern  Archipelago,  Northern  portion. 
"  "  "  Southern  portion. 

Anchorages   in   New   Hanover,   New  Ireland  and 

New  Britain. 
Admiralty  and  Hermit  Islands. 
Caroline  Islands. 
Marshall  Lslands. 
Marquesas  Islands. 
Papua;  sheet  7  British  New  Guinea. 

"8  Louisiade  Archipelago. 
No.  2421.     Tonga. 


No. 

441. 

No. 

764. 

No. 

769. 

No. 

980. 

No. 

983- 

No. 

1640. 

No. 

2123. 

No. 

2124. 

148  Direflor's  Annual  Report. 

No.  2766.     Northeast  coast  of  New  Guinea,  with  Bougainville, 
New  Britain,  New  Ireland  and  Admiralty  Ids. 

Briti  h  Museum:  Catalogue  of  Lepidoptera  Phalaenae,Vol.  II.,  1900. 
A  monograph  of  Christmas  Island,   by  C.  W.  Andrews,  1900. 

Bronn,  H.  G. — Die  Klassen  und  Ordnungen  des  Thier-Reichs: 
III  Band — MoUusca,  Leipzig,  1862-1866.  Neu  bearbeitet  von 
Dr.  H.  Simroth:  III  Band — Mollusca,  Leipzig,  1892-99  (com- 
pleted to  p.  432). 

*California  Academy  of  Sciences:  Proceedings,  third  series.  Bot- 
any, Vol.  I.,  No.  10;  Vol.  II.,  Nos.  I  and  2.  Zoology,  Vol.  II., 
Nos.  1-3.     Geolog}-,  Vol.  I.,  Nos.  7  and  9. 

Canterbury  College:   Annual  report  for  1899.    Christchurch,  N.  Z., 
900.     Given  by  the  College. 

*Canterbury  Museum,  Guide  to  the  collections  in  the.  Christ- 
church,  N.  Z.,  1900. 

*Carnegie  Museum:  Publications,  Nos.  6  and  7.  Pittsburgh,  Pa., 
I 899- I 900. 

Christian,  F.  W. — The  Caroline  Islands,  London,  1899. 

Cincinnati  Museum  Association:   Nineteenth  annual  report,    1899. 

Colorado  Experiment  Station:  A  preliminary  list  of  the  hemiptera 
of  Colorado,  by  Gillette  and  Baker.     Fort  Collins,  Colo.,  1895. 

*Cory,  Chas.  B. — Birds  of  Eastern  North  America:  Part  2,  Land 
birds.     New  York,  1900. 

Cushing,  F.  H. — Exploration  of  ancient  key-dweller  remains  on 
the  Gulf  coast  of  Florida.  Philadelphia,  1897.  Given  by 
Stewart  Culin,  Esq. 

*Dorsey,  Geo.  A. — Review  of  the  Department  of  Anthropology  in 
the  Field  Columbian  Museum.     Chicago. 

Dublin  Science  and  Art  Museum  :  Collecftion  of  weapons,  etc., 
chiefly  from  the  South  Sea  Islands,  deposited  by  the  Board  of 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  1894. 

*L'Ecole  d' Anthropologic,  Revue  de — .  1899  Decembre,  1900 
Janvier-Novembre. 

Eyton,  Thos.  C. — Osteologia  avium.     London,  1867-75. 

*Field  Columbian  Museum:  Publications — Botanical  series,  Vol. 
I.,  Nos.  5,  6;  Vol.  II.,  Nos.  i,  2.  Zoological  series,  Vol.  I., 
Nos.  11-18;  Vol.  III.,  Nos.  I,  2.  Geological  series.  Vol.  I., 
Nos.  3-7.  Anthropological  series.  Vol.  II.,  Nos.  2,  3.  Report 
series.  Vol.  I.,  No.  5. 

^Finsch,  Otto. — Carolinen  und  Marianen,  Hamburg,  1900. 

Fischer,  Paul. — Manuel  de  conchyliogie  et  de  paleontologie  con- 
chyliogique.     Paris,  1887. 

Flore  des  Serres  et  des  Jardins  de  I'Evirope;  Louis  van  Houtte, 
^diteur;   Tomes  I-XXIII.     Gand  ( Belgique),  1845-80. 

*Free  Museum  of  Science  and  Art,  University  of  Pennsylvania: 
Bulletins,  Vol.  I.,  II.,  Philadelphia,  1 897-1900. 

Gaussin,  P.  L.  J.  B. — Du  dialedte  de  Tahiti.  Paris,  1853.  Given 
by  Henry  C.  Carter  Esq.,  New  York. 


List  of  Accessions.  149. 

Hagen,  B.  —  Anthropologischer  Atlas  Ostasiatisclier  unci  Mela- 
nischer  Volker.      Wiesbaden,  1898. 

Hagen,  B. — Unter  den  Papua's.     Wiesbaden,  1899. 

Hall,  Robert. — Key  to  birds  of  Australia  and  Tasmania.  Mel- 
bourne, 1899. 

Hamilton,  A. — Maori  Art,  Part  4.     Wellington,  N.  Z.,  1899. 

Harris,  Thaddeus  Wm. ^Edited  by  Chas.  ly.  Flint;  A  treatise  on 
some  of  the  inse(5ls  injurious  to  vegetation.      Boston,  1862. 

*Har\^ard  University:  First  and  second  reports  of  the  librarian. 
1898-1899. 

Hawaiian  Evangelical  Association:   Thirty-seventh  annual  report. 

Heeres,  J.  E. — Het  Aandeel  der  Nederlanders  in  de  Ontdekking 
van  Australie  1606- 1765.     Eeiden,  1899. 

Hitchcock,  C.  H. — Geology  of  Oahu.      1900. 

Hooker,  J.  D. — Himalayan  Journals,  2  vols.     Eondon,  1854. 

Huxley,  Thomas  Henry,  The  scientific  memoirs  of:  Vol.  W.  Eon- 
don,  1899. 

*Indian  Museum:  Annual  report,  1898-99,  Calcutta,  1899.  Guide 
to  colleclions  in  the  Fish  Gallery,  1899.  Guide  to  colle<5lions 
in  the  Bird  Gallery,  1900. 

Collecftions  by  R.  I.  M.  ft.  "Investigator". 

Alcock,  A. — Account  of  the  deep-sea  Madreporaria  :  Cal- 
cutta, 1898.  Account  of  the  deep-sea  Brachyura  :  Calcutta, 
1899.  Descriptive  catalogue  of  Indian  deep-sea  fishes  in  the 
Indian  Museum  :   Calcutta,  1899. 

Koehler,  R. — Account  of  the  deep-sea  Ophiuroidea  :  Cal- 
cutta, 1899.  Illustrations  of  the  shallow-water  Ophiuroidea: 
Calcutta,  1900. 

Internationales  Archiv  fiir  Ethnographic;  Band  XI. -XII.  Leiden, 
1898-1899. 

Jardin  Botanique  de  Buitenzorg:  Annales,  tome  I.:  Batavia,  1876. 
Annales,  tome  II. -XII.:  Eeide,  1883-1895.  Icones  Bogori- 
enses,  fascicule  I. -III.:  Eeide,  1897-1899.  *Bulletin,  No.  i,. 
Buitenzorg,  1898. 

*Johns  Hopkins  University:  Memoir  IV.,  4;  The  Cubomedysse,  by 
E.  W.  Berger:   Baltimore,  1900.     Circular,  Vol.  XIX,  No.  146. 

Johnstone,  Wm.  G.,  and  Croall,  Alex. — The  Nature-printed  Brit- 
ish Seaweeds,  4  vols.:     Eondon,  1859-60. 

*Jordan,  D.  vS.  and  others. — Fur  .seals,  and  fur  seal  islands  of  the 
North  Pacific  Ocean,  4  vols.     Washington,  1898. 

Kolb,  M.  Peter. — Beschreilmng  des  Vorgebiirges  der  Gviten  Hoff- 
nung  und  derer  darauf  wohnenden  Hottentotten:   Frankfurt, 

1 745  ■ 
*K.  K.  Naturhistorische  Hofmuseum:  Annalen,  Band  XIII. ,  Nr.  4; 

Band  XIV.;   Band  XV.,  No.  i:   Wien,  1898-1900. 
Langlis,  E.,  and  Eamarck,  J.  B. — Voyages  de  C.  P.  Thunberg  au 

Japon.      Paris,  1796. 


150  Direflor' s  Annual  Report. 

Leuschner,  Arniin  Otto:   Beitriige  zur  Kometenbahnbestimnniiig. 

Berlin,  1897. 
lyinuean  Societ}^  of  IvOndon  :    Proceediugs  from  November,  1897, 

to  June,  1899.     Journal:    Zoology,  Vol.  XXVII.,    1899-1900. 

Transadlions  :   Zoology,  Vol.  VII.,  1896-1900. 
*Linnean  Society  of  New  South  Wales:   Proceedings,  Vols.  XIII. 

and  XIV.,  and  Vol.  XV.,  Parts  i,  2.     Sydney,  1898-1900. 
Ludlow,  Helen  W. — Biography  of  Clarissa  Chapman  Armstrong. 

Given  by  Mrs.  Bernard  Whitman. 
*Madras  Government  Museum:   Bulletin,  Vol.  III.,  No.  I. 
*Marine  Biological  Association  of  the  United  Kingdom:  Journal, 

Vol.  v.,  and  Nos.  i  and  2  of  Vol.  VI.     Plymouth,  1897-1900. 
Martini    und    Chemnitz.  —  Systematisches    Conchylien  -  Cabinet. 

Niirnberg,  1837- 1900. 
*Maryland  Geological  Survey,  Vol.  III.     Baltimore,  1899. 
■*Maryland  Weather  Service,  Vol.  I.     Baltimore,  1899. 
Masters,  Maxwell  T. — Vegetable  teratology.     London,  1869. 
Quarterly  Journal  of  Microscopical  Science,  Vols.  42,  43.    London, 

1 899- 1 900. 
*Museo   Nacional  de   Buenos   Aires  :    Communicaciones,   tomo   I 

no.  1-7.      1898-1900. 
*Museu  Paulista  :    Revista,  Vols.  I-IV.     Sao  Paulo,  Brazil,  1895- 

1900. 
*Museum  of  Comparative  Zoolog}"   Memoirs,  Vol.  XXIV,  Reports 

of  Albatross    expedition,    1891 — The    fishes,    bv   S.   Garman: 

Cambridge,    1899.     Bulletins.  Vol.  XXXV.,   Nos.   3-8;   Vol. 

XXXVI.,    Nos.    I,    2,   4  in  duplicate,  5,  6;  Vol.  XXXVII., 

Nos.  I,  2;  Vol.  XXXVIII,  No.  I.     1899-1900. 
*Museum  of  Fine  Arts:   Report  for  1899.     Boston,  1900. 
*New  York  Botanical  Garden:   Bulletins,  Vol.  I.,  Nos.  1-5.     1900. 
van  Nooten,    Mme.    Berthe    Hoola.  —  Fleurs,    fruits    et    feuillages 

choisis  de  I'lle  de  Java,  peints  d'apres  Nature.     (?)     1880. 
Oahu  College,  Honolulu  :    Catalogues    1893- 1900  bound   together. 

Given  by  Frank  A.  Hosmer  Ksq. 
Oliver,    Daniel,    and  Thistleton-Dyer,   W.  T. — Flora  of   Tropical 

Africa,  Vols.  I. -III.,  1868-1877,  and  Vol.  VII.,  1898.    London. 
Pepper,  George  H. — Hyde  Expedition;   Ceremonial  deposits  found 

in  an  ancient  Pueblo  estufa.     New  York,  1899. 
*Philadelphia    Museums,    The.  —  Scientific   bulletins,    Nos.    i,   2: 

1899-1900.     Pamphlets: —     (Philadelphia,  1899-1900.) 

The  conditioning  of  wool  and  other  fibers. 

For  trade  expansion. 

Philadelphia  as  a  seaport  and  manufa(5turing  city. 

Mulhall-Harper  comparative  statistical  tables  and  charts  of 
the  commerce  of  the  world. 

Patent  laws  and  trademarks  ot  the  lead  nig  countries  of  the 
world . 


List  of  .\iccssio)is.  i  5  i 

Directions  for  collecling  herbarium  specimens. 
American  trade  with  India. 
Conversion  tables  of  weights  and  measures. 
Paper  and  pulp. 

The  world's  commerce  and  the  United  States'  share  of  it. 
Manufactures  of  cotton. 
^Polynesian    Society:    The    Polynesian    Journal,  Vol.  IV.,  No.  i; 

Vol.  VII.,  No. '4:  Vol.  Vlli.,  Nos.  I,  4;  Vol.  IX.,  Nos.  i,  2. 
*Rijks  Ethnographisch  Museum  te  Leiden  :  Verslag,  1898-1899. 
Ripley,  William  Z. — Selected    bibliography    of   the    anthropology 

and  ethnology  of  Europe.     Boston,  1899.    Given  by  the  Boston 

Public  Libi-ary. 
von  Rosenberg,  C.  B.  H. — ReLstochten   naar  de   Geelvinkbaai   op 

Nieuw-Guinea  in  de  Jaren  1869  en  1870.    'S  Gravenhage,  1875. 
Rothschild,    \V.,    Hartert,    E..    and   Jordan,    K. — Novitates    zoo- 
logies. Vols.  I-VI,  \o\.  VII,  Nos.  I,  2.     London,   1 894-1900. 
Roval   Botanical  Garden,   Calcutta:    Annals,  Vol.   11.,    18S9,   and 

'  VII.,  1896. 
Royal   Geographical    Society  :    The   Geographical   Journal,    \'ols. 

XIV.  and  XV.     London,  1899-1900. 
*Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh:   Proceedings,  Vol.  XXII.,  1897-99. 
*Royal  Society  of  New  South  Wales:  Journal  and  Proceedings  for 

1899.     Sydney. 
*Royal    Society    of    Queensland  :    Proceedings,    Vols.    XIII. -XV. 

Brisbane,  1898- 1900. 
*Royal  Society  of  South  Australia:    Memoirs,  Vol.  I.,  Parts  i,  2; 

Transactions,  Vols.   XXIII.  and  XXIV.,  Part  i.     Adelaide, 

1899-1900. 
St.   Louis    Mercantile    Library    Association :    Fifty-fourth    annual 

report.      1899. 
vSalmon,  Philippe. — L' Anthropologic  au  Congres  de  Boulogne-sur- 

mer  (14-21  Septembre  1899). 
Schaaffhausen,  Hermann. — Anthropologische  Studien.   Bonn,  1885. 
Schaeffer,  Georg. — Ueber  die  Sandwichinseln.     (An  article  written 

in  1842  for  the  St.  Peterburg  Gestifteten  Russisch-Kaiserlichen 

Gesellschaft  fur  die   gesammte   Mineralogie. )      Given  by  Dr. 

Wm.  H.  Dall. 
Schweizerische  Naturforschende  Gesellschaft:  Verhandlungen  den 

I,  2,  3.     August,  1898.     Bern. 
Seebohm,  Hy. — The  geographical  distribution  of  the  Charadriidae. 

London. 
Smith,  Harlan  I. — Archaeology  of  Lytton,   B.  C.     (Abstract  from 

memoir  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.)      New  York,  1899. 
*Smithsonian  Institution:    Annual  report  for   1897.     Washington, 

1898. 
*Societe  Royale  Malacologique  de  Belgique:   Annales  tome  XXXI- 

XXXlil,  Bruxelles,  1896-1898.    Proces-verbeaux  des  seances, 

tome  XXV,  1896.     Bulletin  des  seances,  1899,  pp.  33-12S. 


152  DireRo?-' s  Annual  Report. 

Soule,   Richard. — Revised  by  Geo.    H.    Howison  :    Dicflioiiary  of 

English  syiiouymes.     Boston,  1899. 
*South  African  Museum:  Annals,  Vol.  I.,  and  Vol.  II.,  Parts  1-3; 
lyondon,  1899- 1900.     Reports  for  years  1898- 1899.     Capetown. 
South  Australia  in  1887-8;   A  handbook   of  the   Centennial   Inter- 
national   Exhibition,    Melbourne,    1888.     Given  by  Wm.  T. 
Brigham  Esq. 
Streeter,  Edwin  W. — Pearls  and  pearling  life.     Eondon,  1886. 
Tenison- Woods,  Rev.  J.   E. — Fish   and   Fisheries  of   New   South 

Wales.     Sydney,  1883.     Given  by  Wm.  T.  Brigham  Esq. 
Thrum,  Thos.  G. — The  Hawaiian  Annual,  Honolulu,  1900.    Given 

by  the  publisher. 
Trouessart,   E.-E. — Catalogus  mammalium.     Berolini,   1897-1899. 
Udden,  Johan  August. — An  old  Indian  village.     Rock  Island,  111. 

I  goo.     Given  by  Augustana  College. 
U.  S.  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey. — Charts  given  by  the  Survey: 

No.  17.     Gulf  Coast  from  Tampa  Bay  to  San  Bias. 

No.  168.     Florida  Reefs  from  Long  Key  to  Newfound  Har- 
bor Key. 

No.  169.     Florida    Reefs   from    Newfound   Harbor   Key  to 
Boca  Ground  Key. 

No.  194.     Mississippi    River,    from    The    Passes   to    Grand 
Prairie,  Louisiana. 

No.  195.     Mississippi   River,    from   Grand   Prairie  to   New 
Orleans,  Louisiana. 

No.  910.     Puerto  Rico. 

No.  911.     Puerto  Rico,  Ponce  Harbor. 

No.  3008.     North  Carolina  and  Tennessee. 

No.  3054.     City  of  San  Francisco. 

No.  3055.     San  Francisco  Peninsula. 

No.  3056.     Mount  Desert  Island,  Maine. 

No.  3214.     St.  Paul  Island,  Pribilof  Group,  Alaska. 

No.  3215.     Reef,  Gorbatch  and  Ardigren  Rookeries,  St.  Paul 
Island,  Alaska. 

No.  3216.     Lukanin  and  Kitovi  Rookeries,  St.  Paul  Island, 
Alaska. 

No.  3217.     Tolstoi  Rookery,  St.  Paul  Island,  Alaska. 

No.  3218.     Zapadni  Rookery,  St.  Paul  Island,  Alaska. 

No.  3219.     Little    Zapadni   and    Zapadni    Reef    Rookeries, 
St.  Paul  Island,  Alaska. 

No.  3220.     Polovina,    Polovina    Cliffs    and   Little  Polovina 
Rookeries,  St.  Paul  Island,  Alaska. 

No.  3221.     Morjovi  Rookery,  St.  Paul  Island,  Alaska. 

No.  3222.     Vostochni  Rookery,  St.  Paul  Island,  Alaska. 

No.  3223.      Lagoon  Rookery,  St.  Paul  Island,  Alaska. 

No.  3224.     St.  George  Island,  Pribilof  Group,  Alaska. 

No.  3225.     Zapadni  Rookery,  St.  George  Island,  Alaska. 


IJst  of  Accessions.  153 

No.  3226.      North  Rookery,  St.  (ieorge  Island,  Alaska. 

No.  3227.  Staraya  Artil  and  Little  East  Rookeries,  St. 
George  Island,  Alaska. 

No.  3228.     East  Rookery,  St.  George  Island,  Alaska. 

No.  3231.     Guanica  Harbor,  Puerto  Rico. 

No.  3232.  Chart  of  part  of  the  Bahama  Islands,  showing 
the  tracks  ascribed  to  Columbus  on  his  discovery  of  the  New 
World. 

No.  4100.      Hawaiian  Islands. 

No.  5200.  Pacific  Coast,  from  Santa  Monica  to  Point  Con- 
ception, including  Santa  Barbara  Channel,  California. 

No.  5600.  Pacific  Coast,  from  San  Francisco  to  Point 
Arena,  California. 

No.  8500.     Northwest  coast  of  America;   Icy  Cape  to  Simedi 
Islands. 
U.S.  Department  of  Agriculture.     Given  by  the  Department: 

Reports  of  the  Secretary  for  the  years  1876,  1886,  1888,  1889^ 
1890,  1892,  1893,  and  1899. 

Ofhce  reports,  Nos.  58,  59-62,  65.      1898-1899. 

Year  books,  for  1894- 1898. 

Division  of  agrostology. — Bulletins  i,  2,  4,  6,  9-16:  1895-99. 
Circulars,  1-8,  10-20:    1895-99. 

Bureau  of  animal  industry. — Bulletins  8-12,  14,  15,  17-23 
1895-99.     Circulars  1-8,  17-19,  21-27.      1897-99. 

Biological  survey.  Bulletins  i,  5-1 1 :  1889-98.  Circular  17 
1896.    North  American  Fauna,  1-5,  8,  10-13,  15,  16.      1889-99 

Division  of  botany. — Bulletins  6,  8,  16-18,  20,  21:  1888-98 
Circulars  1-3,  5,  10-21:  1894-99.  Contributions  from  the  U.  S 
National  Herbarium:  Vol.  I.,  Nos.  1-6,  8,  9  (1890-95);  Vol 
II.,  No.  I  (1891);   Vol.  III.  (1892-96).     Inventories,  1-4. 

Division  of  chemistry. — Bulletin  No.  13,  pt.  9  (1898);  Bul- 
letins No.  28,  39,  45-48,  50-53,  55,  56  (1891-99).  Analysis  of 
sugar  beets  grown  in  various  states  ( 1894-99).    Circulars,  1,2,5. 

Division  of  entomology.— Bulletins  (old  series)  6,  17,  29,  31 
(1888-93):  Bulletins  (new  series)  1-21  (1895-99).  Circulars, 
2,  4-14,  16-29,  31-39  (1891-99).  Insect  Life,  Vol.  I.,  Nos.  1-4, 
6-12  (1888-89);  Vol.  II.,  Nos.  3,  6-8,  10-12  (1889-90);  Vol. 
VII.,  Nos.  1-5  (1894-95).  Howard,  L.  O.:  Further  Notes  on 
the  San  Jose  .scale  (1895).  Riley,  C.  V.:  The  ox  bot  in  the 
United  States  (1892).  Townsend,  C.  H.  T.:  Report  of  the 
Mexican  cotton  ball  weevil  in  Texas  (1895).  Henshaw, 
Samuel:  Bibliography  of  the  more  important  contributions  to 
American  economic  entomology,  pt.  5  (1896). 

Office  of  experimental  stations. — Bulletins  i,  2,  4,  7,  11,  14- 
17,  20,  22-26,  28,  29,  31-33,  35-48,  51-60,  62-64,  66-69,  71.  72 
(1889-99).     Circulars,    iV,   25,   27-33,35,36,38-43(1891-99). 

Division  of  statistics. — Fibre  reports,  i,  3-11  (1890-98). 


154  Direflor s  Annital  Report. 

Division  of  foreign  markets. — Bulletins  i-8,  10-15  (1895-99); 
Circulars  10,  12,  15,  18,  19,  21,  22  {1896-99). 

Division  of  gardens  and  grounds. — Circular  i  (1897). 

Division  of  pomology. — Bulletins  2,  5-8  (1888-99).  Circu- 
lars 2,  3  ( 1897). 

Division  of  publications. — Bulletins  1-4  (1896-98). 

Office  of  road  enquiry. — Bulletins  4-8,  15,  16,  18-20  (1894- 
1897).     Circulars  14,  15,  17,  18,  20,  22-33  (1894-99). 

Division  of  agricultural  soils. — Bulletins  1-15  (1895-99). 
Circular  3  (1899). 

Division  of  vegetable  plij'siology  and  pathology. — Bulletins 
I,  2,  5,  8,  9,  II,  15-18,  19,  21,  22  (1891-1900).  Circulars 
15-17  (1888-99). 

Miscellaneous  works. —  Saunders,  \Vm.:  Papers  on  horti- 
cultural and  kindred  subjecfts  (1891).  Progress  of  the  beet 
sugar  industr}^  in  the  United  States  in  1898  (1899).  Special 
report  on  the  beet  sugar  industr}-  in  the  United  States  (1898). 
Mulder,  Emile:  Cultivation  of  tobacco  in  Sumatra  (1898). 
Loew,  Oscar :  The  phvsiological  role  of  mineral  nutrients 
(1899). 
U.  S.  Geological  Survey. — Nineteenth  annual  report,  parts  2,  3,  5 
(1898).  Twentieth  annual  report  ( 1899).  Monographs,  Vols. 
32-34,  36-38  (1899).  Bulletins  157-163  (1899).  Given  by  the 
Survey-. 
*U.  S.  National  Museum. — Annual  report  for  1897.  Special  bul- 
letin— American  h^'droids:  pt.  i.  The  Plumularidge,  by  C.  C. 
Nutting  ( 1900).  Bulletin  No.  47:  The  fishes  of  North  and 
Middle  America,  by  D.  S.  Jordan  and  B.  W.  Evermann, 
pt.  4  (1900). 
U.  S.  Treasury-  Department. — Bureau  of  statistics:  Annual  report 
on  the  foreign  commerce  of  the  United  States  for  the  3'ear  end- 
ing June  30,  1900. 
*University  of  California. — The  University  Chronicle,  Vols.  I.,  II., 
and  Vol.  III.,  Nos.  1-5  (1898-1900).  Biennial  report  of  the 
president  (1894-96).  Annual  report  of  the  secretar3%  1899. 
Bulletins  (new  series),  Vol.  I.,  Nos.  i,  2  ( 1899).  Library  bul- 
letins, I,  3,  4,  6,  7,  9-13  (1882-99).  Catalogue  of  books  in  the 
pedagogical  sedtion  of  the  University  library  (1895).  Depart- 
ment of  mechanical  engineering:  Bulletins  2,  3.  Bulletin  on 
the  building  stones  of  California  (1888).  Holden,  Edward  S.: 
Eist  of  recorded  earthquakes  in  California,  Oregon  and  Wash- 
ington Territory  (1887).  Bailey,  Thos.  P.  Jr.:  Ethnology; 
standpoint,  methods  and  tentative  results  ( 1899).  McGilvary, 
Evander  B.:  The  principle  and  methods  of  the  Hegelian  Dia- 
lecflic;  in  two  parts  (1897).  Harrison,  G.  F.  E.:  Report  on 
physical  training  (1888).  Waymire,  J.  A.:  Utility  of  Univer- 
sity education.     Greene,   Chas.   S.:   University  of  California. 


I.isf  of  Aarssioiis.  155 

Rivers,  J.  J.:  The  oaks  of  Berkeley  and  some  of  their  insect 
inhabitants  (1887).      Wright,  J.  W.  A.:   Cotton  enhure. 

*University  of  Kansas. — Kansas  University  Qnarterly,  Vol.  VI.- 
VIII.  (1897-99).  Bulletins,  Vol.  I.,  Nos.  2,3  (1900).  Cata- 
logue of  the  School  of  Pharmacy,  1898-99.  University  Geo- 
logical vSurve^■  of  Kansas;  Vol.  IV.,  Paleontologv,  part,  i 
( 1^898  ) .  " 

*University  of  Pennsylvania. — Bulletins,  Vol.  IV.  (1899-1900.). 
Contributions  from  the  zoological  laboratory,  Vol.  I.,  No.  i 
(1893).     Annual  report,  1898-99.     Catalogue  1899- 1900. 

Valentine  Museum. — Catalogue:  Richmond,  Va.,  1898.  Given  by 
W.  V.  Allen  Esq.  Annual  report  for  1899.  Given  b}'  the 
Museum. 

Ward,  H .  A. — The  Ward-Cooney  collection  of  meteorites.  Chicago, 
1900. 

Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science:  Transactions,  Vol.  V.  Phila- 
delphia, 1898.     Given  by  Stewart  Culin  E.sq. 

Watt,  George. — Memorandum  of  the  organisation  of  Indian  Mu- 
seums.    Simla,  1900. 

Web,ster,  W.  D. — Catalogues  1-26  of  ethnographical  specimens. 
Bicester,  1895- 1900. 

Zoological  Society  of  London:   Proceedings  for  1899. 

Books,  Paiuplilcts  and  Papers  received  during  i goo  from  the  late 
Rev.  C.  M.  Hyde,  D.D. 

Ahahui  Euanelio  Hawaii  ;  Moolelo,  Honolulu,  1863-1880.  Hoike 
makahiki,  Honolulu,  1882-1894,  1896,  1898.  (Almost  com- 
plete set  of  duplicates. ) 

Ahahui  Euanelio  o  ka  Mokupuni  o  Oahu  ;  Kumukanawai,  Hono- 
lulu, 1892. 

Ahahui  Kula  Sabati;  Ka  Hoike,  Honolulu,  1867  and  1868,  1880; 
1882,  1885,  1891,  1892. 

Ahahui  Kula  Sabati  Nui  o  ka  Paeaina  Hawaii;  Moolelo,  Hono- 
lulu, 1879,  1882,  1883,  1885,  1886,  1892. 

Ahahui  Imi  Pono  Karistiano;   Kumukanawai,  Honolulu,  1884. 

Ahahui  Nui  o  na  Opio  Imi  Pono  Karistiano;  Moolelo,  Honolulu, 
1885  and  1886. 

Ai  o  ka  La;  Honolulu,  1833,  1841,  1843,  1847,  1849,  1850,  1856. 
New  York,  i860. 

Alakai  mua  kamalii,  Honolulu,  1854. 

Alakai  no  ke  kumukula,  Honolulu,  1872,  and  1875  (two editions). 

Ke  Alaula;   Buke  4,  helu  9. 

Akeakamai  no  na  kamalii,  Eahainaluna,  1837. 

Alemanaka  Hawaii;    1835. 

Alemanaka  Hawaii;   Honolulu,  1887. 

Alemanaka  Keristiano;   Honolulu,  1860-61. 


156  Dit'efioj'' s  Afnutal  Report. 

Alexander,  W.  D. — Synopsis  of  Hawaiian  Grammar:  Honolulu^ 
1S64.  A  review  of  a  pastoral  address  b}'  the  R't  Rev.  T.  N. 
Staley,  D.D.:  Honolulu,  1865.  He  buke  ola  kino  no  ka 
kamalii.      New  York,  1887. 

A.  B.  C.  F.  M. — The  day  breaking:  Boston,  1870.  Instrucftions 
to  the  Sandwich  Islands  Mission:  Lahai:ialuna,  1838.  Maps 
and  illustrations  of  the  missions:  Boston,  1845.  Letter  to  the 
brethren  in  the  Sandwich  Islands  and  Micronesia  :  Boston, 
1 86 1.  Proceedings  in  relation  to  a  recent  interference  with  its 
work  on  the  Sandwich  Islands:    1864. 

American  Journal  of  Science,  Vol.  XXXII.,  No.  190. 

American  Oriental  Society:   Proceedings,  1865  and  1874. 

Anahonua,  Lahainaluna,  1834.     Oahu,  1854. 

Andrews,  ly. — O  ka  hulepoepoe  :  L,ahainaluna,  1841.  Grammar 
of  the  Hawaiian  language:   Honolulu,  1854. 

Anglican  Church  in  Hawaii;   Two  letters  re.      1898. 

Ano  o  ke  Akua  oiaio.     1840. 

Ao  Kiko.     Honolulu,  1844. 

Appropriation  Bill  for  1855.  (Hawaiian  Legislature.) 

Archives;  Special  report  in  reference  to  the  preservation  of  the 
Hawaiian  Government  archives.     Honolulu,  1892. 

Armstrong,  Richard,  Biograph}^  of.      1887. 

Armstrong,  S.  C. — Lessons  from  the  Hawaiian  Islands.      1884. 

Arning,  Ed. — Copies  of  report  of  Dr.  Ed.  Arning  to  the  Board  of 
Health.      Honolulu,  1886. 

Ayacucho  ;  Documentos  de  la  Campafia  de  treinta  dias  sobre  las 
fronteras  del  Sur  de  Colombia  contra  el  ejercito  Peruano 
invasor  :  terminada  por  la  Batalla  de  Tarqui,  bajo  la  direc- 
cion  del  Gran  Marischal  de  Ayacucho.     Cuenca,  1829. 

Ka  Baibala  Hemolele.     New  York,  1884  and  1886  (Two  editions). 

Bailey,  W.  C. — A  glimpse  at  the  Indian  Mission-field.   London,  1888. 

Baker,  Robert  Hoapili.  —  A  reply  to  the  ministerial  utterances. 
Honolulu,  1880.     Translation  into  English. 

Ballantyne,  R.  M. — The  Cannibal  Islands.     London,  1888. 

Bartimeus,  the  blind  preacher  of  Maui.     New  York,  1866. 

Bible  Didlionarv  in  Hawaiian,  bv  Rev.  E.  W.  Clark.  New  York, 
1872. 

Biblical  Catechism,  by  Hervey  Wilbur.     Exeter,  18 14. 

Bingham,  Hiram,  Jr. — Story  of  the  Morning  vStar.     Bo.ston,  1866. 

Bishop,  Sereno.  —  Two  pamphlets  published  in  Honolulu  —  The 
Equatorial  smoke  stream  from  Krakatoa,  and  Why  are  the 
Hawaiians  dying  out  ?    InMemoriam:  Edward  S.  Bishop,  1875. 

Bond,  E. — Sermon  on  home  missions.     Honolulu,  1866. 

Boston  Society  of  Natural  History:    Memoir,  Vol.  I.,  pt.  4.      1869. 

Brigham,  W.  T. — Contributions  of  a  venerable  savage  to  the  ancient 
history  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands.  Translation  from  the  French 
of  Jules  Remy.     Boston,  1868. 


f.ist  of  Accessions.  157 

Bmiiana,  loane  (John  Buiiyan). — Ka  hele  nialihiiii  ana  niai  keia 
ao  aku  a  hiki  i  kela  ao.      Honoluln,   1842.      (Pilgrim's   Pro- 
curess. ) 
Eurritt.  E.  H. — Geography  of  the  heavens.      New  York,  1842. 
Calendar  in  Fijian.      Ai  vola  ni  vula.      1886. 

Caroline  Islands.      Memorial  presented  to  the  United  States  Com- 
missioners for  the  arrangement  of  terms  of  peace  between  the 
United  States  and  Spain.      (Deals  only  with  the  mission  sta- 
tions of  the  Caroline  Islands.)      Honolulu,  i8g8. 
Census  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  taken  December  27,  1884.     Report 

made  in  English  and  Hawaiian.      Honolulu,  1885. 
Central  Union  Church.      Reports  i,  2,  6-1 1. 
Clarke,  Samuel. — vSermons  in  Hawaiian.      New  York,  1858. 
Colombo   Auxiliary   Bible   Society :    Miracles  extra(5led   from   the 
New  Testament.     In  the  English  language  and  that  of  Mala- 
bar.    Colombo,  181 7. 
Constitution  granted  by  Kamehameha  III.     Honolulu,  1852. 
Constitution  of  the  Republic  of  Hawaii.     Honolulu,  1894. 
Coronation  of  the  king  and  queen  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  Feb- 
ruary 12,  1883. 
Commerce,  Chamber  of:   Charter.     Honolulu,  1871. 
Cust,   Robt.   N. — Language    as    illustrated    by    Bible    translation. 

London,  1886. 
Damien,  Father,  and  his  work  for  the  Hawaiian  lepers,  by  C.  M. 

Hyde.     Honolulu,  1890. 
Damien,   Life  and  letters  of  Father.     Edited  with  introducftion  by 

his  brother,  F'ather  Pamphile.      London,  1889. 
Damon,  S.  C. — Puritan  missions  in  the   Pacific:    Honolulu,  1866. 

Morning  Star  papers:   Honolulu,  1861. 
Davies,  Theo.  H. — Letter  to  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury:    1886. 

Open  letter  upon  the  Hawaiian  crisis;   Southport,  1893. 
Dibble,     Sheldon.  —  Voice    from    abroad:     Lahainaluna,     1844. 

Thoughts  on  missions:   New  York. 
Drummond,   Hy. — O  ke  aloha.     Chicago,   1892.     Translated  into 

Hawaiian  by  Rev.  W.  D.  Wester\'elt. 
Education,  Board  of:   Historical   sketch   of  education   in   the  Ha- 
waiian Islands.     Honolulu,  1888. 
Elele  Euanelio;   Honolulu,  1888. 
Elele,   Ka  ;    Honolulu:   Buke  I.,  pepa  12-14,  1845;    Buke  II. -III., 

1 846- 1 848. 
Elele  o  ka  La  ;  Jan.  20,  22,  28,  29,  and  Feb.  2,  1886. 
Elele  Poakolu:   Buke  I.,  Helu  6;   Buke  V.,  Helu  44. 
Ellis,  Rev.  W. — The  American  mission  in  the  Sandwich  Islands. 

Honolulu,  1866. 
Emma  Laleleonalani:   In  Memoriam.      1885. 

Evangelische  Heidenmission.     Der  Stand  der  Evangelischen  Hei- 
denmission  in  den  Jahren  1845  und  1890. 


158  Diirflor  s  Annual  Report. 

Fatuhiva,  He  hamani.    (Primer  in  Fatuhivan  dialect.)    Honolulu. 

Foreign  relations. — Biennial  report  of  the  Minister  for:   Honolulu, 

1862.     Appendix  to  report  of   Minister  for:   Honolulu,  1855. 

Report  of  Minister  for:   Honolulu,  1848. 

Forster,  Wni. — A  salutation   of  gospel   love  :    Philadelphia,    1859. 

Aloha  kristiano:   Honolulu,  i860. 
Gilbert  Islands.     Works  in  Gilbert  Island  dialect: — 

Bible  dictionary  and  concordance.      Honolulu,  1895. 
Te  boki  n  anene.     Apaiang,  1863.      (Hymn  book.) 
Te  boki  n  anene.     Honolulu,  1881,  1883,  1887  and  1892. 
Te  boki  n  anene  ma   b'ana.     New  York,    1897.      (Hymns 
and  tunes.) 

Te  boki  n  reirei  te  ware-boki.      Honolulu,    1876  and  1891. 
(Primer. ) 

Te  boki  n  rei  te  ware-bai.     San  Francisco,  1884.      (Arith- 
metic. ) 

Karaki  aika  Baibara.     New  York,    1885.      (Bible  stories.) 
Boki    aika    onoua    mai    nanon  te   o   Tetemanti,    aika   lobi, 
Areru,   Taeka   n    Rabakan,    te   minita,    ana   anene   Toromon, 
Itaia,  aika  kaetaki  man  aia  Taeka  Kbera.     Honolulu,  1886. 

Apaiang.    Ane  Taeka  napankai  ara  uwea  ao  ara  Tiakamain 
lesu  Kristo  ae  kaetaki  man  taetae  n'elene.     Honolulu,  i860. 
Greek  arithmetic,  in  modern  Greek.      Meath,  1832. 
Greek  reader,  in  modern  Greek.     Meath,  1831. 
Guide    books,    by    various    publishers,    relating  to   the   Hawaiian 

Islands. 
Gulick,  ly.  H. — Climate,  diseases  and  materia  medica  of  the  Ha- 
waiian Islands.     New  York,  1855. 
Gulick,  L,.  L,. — Primer  sent  to   Micronesian   missionar}'  teachers. 

1859. 
Gynberg  ballads.     Illustrated.     Anonymous. 
Gynbergdrinkenstein,  The  Grand  Duke  of.     Anon}-mous. 
Haawina  Baibala.      (Bible  lessons. )      Honolulu,  1852. 
Haawina  kamalii  ma  ke  kula  Sabati.     Honolulu,  1838. 
Haawina  kamalii  no  na  keiki  opiopio.     Honolulu,  1866. 
He    mau    Haawina    no    ka    olelo    Beretania.      Honolulu,    1844. 

(Primer  of  the  English  language.) 
He  Haiao  ola  kekahi  olelo  a  na  misionari  i  hai  aku  ai  i  ka  la 

Sabati.     lyahainaluna,  1835. 
Na  Haiao  i  kekauia  e  na  misionari  me   Hawaii  nei.     Honolulu, 

1 84 1. 
Na  buke  o  na  Halelu  i  unuhiia  mai  ka  olelo  Hebera.      (Book  of 

Psalms  translated  from  the  Hebrew.)      New  York,  1869. 
Hassinger,  John  A. — Catalogue  of  Hawaiian  exhibits  at  the  Expo- 
sition Universelle,  Paris,  1889. 
Hawaiian  Kingdom,   Penal  code  of  the:   Honolulu,   1869.      Penal 
code  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  passed  in  1859. 


IJst  of  jlcccssions.  159 

Hawaii  Holomua;   Buke  II.,  lielu  21.      Puka  la;   Buke  I.,  helu  50. 
Hawaii  Paeaina,  Ke;    Buke  VI.,  helu  10;   Buke  VII.,  helu  10,  12, 

14,  22-27,  40- 
Hawaiian    Missionaries'    Children,     Catalogue    of   books    of   the. 

•     Honolulu,  1S35. 
Hawaiian  Islands.     Works  in  Hawaiian: — 

He  luiinahelu.      Honolulu,  1852.      (Arithmetic.) 

Iheniua.     Honolulu,  1837  and  1840. 
Hymn  books  in  Hawaiian: 

Mau  mele  no  na  kamalii  puali  inuwai.     Honolulu,  1849. 

No  ke  kula  Sabati.     New  York,  1872,  and  1874. 

Himeni  Hawaii.     Oahu,  1836.     Honolulu,  1897. 

Himeni  lioolea.     Honolulu,  1837. 

Ka  leo  hoomana. 

Ha  mele  no  ka  holo  ana  o  hoku  ao  iloko  o  June,  1873. 

Buke  himeni  Hawaii  i  hooponoponoia  e  L,.  Laiana.     New 
York,  1872. 

Ka  hea  nei  lesu. 

Himeni  euanelio.     Honolulu,  1882,  1883,  1886  and  1892. 

Himeni  kamalii.     Honolulu,  1837  and  1842. 
Religious  works: 

Ui  no  ke  Akvia  a  me  na  kanaka.     Honolulu,  i860. 

Ui  kamalii  no  na  kula  Sabati.     Honolulu,  1S68. 

Ui  Kula  Sabati.     Honolulu,  1869. 

Ui  no  ka  olelo  a  ke  Akua.     Honolulu,  1831. 

Ui  ma  ka  Ekalesia  o  lesu  Kristo.     Honolulu,  1841. 

Mane  lani  ka  ai  na  ka  uhane.      Honolulu,  1841. 

Olelo  o  lesu  ma  ka  mauna. 

O  ka  la  hea  kau  e  malama  nei  ? 

He  vati  katekimo.     Honolulu,  1847. 

Manaoio  a  me  ka  berita  a  ka  Ekalesia.     Honolulu,  1843. 

New  Testament  in  Hawaiian.     New  York,  1869  and  1871. 

Ui  no  ke  Akua.      (Bible  questions. )      1S65. 

He  palapala  no  na  mea  ona.     Honolulu,  1837. 

Ua  hiki  anei  ia  kakau  ke  hoomaopopo  ? 

No  ka  aoao  Moremona.     Honolulu,  1856. 

Ka  hiki  hou  ana  mai  o  Karisto  a  he  wehewehe  pokole  ana  o 
Mataio  XXIV.     Oakland,  1894. 

Buke  lawe  lima  a  ke   kahuekalesia.     Honolulu,    1866  and 
1887. 

Four  tracfts  printed  in  1836  by  the  High  School  Press  at 
Lahainaluna,  Maui. 
Hawaiian  Association,  Extracfts  from  records  of;  1823-1836.  Hono- 
lulu, 1837. 
Hawaiian  PZvangelical  Association  :  Minutes  of  meetings  of  vSand- 
wich  Island  Mission.  Honolulu,  1830,  1832,  1834-1844,  1848, 
1851-1855- 


i6o  Direflor's  A?inual  Report. 

Hawaiian  Evangelical  Association:  Minutes;  Honolulu,  1856-1863. 

Annual  reports;   Honolulu,  1878-1898. 
Hawaiian  Missionary  Society:   Reports;   Honolulu,  1852-1863. 
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1892-1894.     Annual  reports  ;    Honolulu,   1895,  189^  and  1898. 
Hawaiian  Mission  Children's  Society:   Annual  reports;   Honolulu, 

1853-1899.     Jubilee  celebration,  1887. 
Hawaiian  Agriculturist  and  Chemist.     Honolulu,  1888. 
Hawaiian  Sugar  Company:  Charter  and  by-laws.      Honolulu,  1891. 
Hawaiian  treaty. 
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Biennial  report  of;   1888. 
Helu  kamalii — ao  mua  o  ke  aritemetika.     Honolulu,  1847.      (Ele- 
mentary arithmetic.) 
Hill,  Daniel. — The  Crucifixion  of  Christ.      Philadelphia,  1859. 
Ka  Hoahana:   Buke  HI.,  helu,  i,  2;   Buke  V.,  helu  2,  3. 
Hoikehonua.      (Geography.)     Oahu,  1845. 
Hoike  Uhane:   Buke  I.     Honolulu,  1839. 
Hoike  moeuhane  ao  ka  buke  kilokilo. 
Hoonanea  o  na  home  Haw^aii.     Honolulu,  1888.      (Story  book  for 

the  Hawaiian  home.) 
Hope  no  ka  helunaau.     Oahu,  1835. 

Horner,  J.  M. — Hawaiian  banking  department.     Honolulu,  1886. 
Hyde,   C.   M.  —  Father   Damien   and   his  work  for  the    Hawaiian 

lepers :   Honolulu.    1890.      He   wahi   olelo   ao   no   ka   piliolelo 

Hawaii.      ( Introdu(5tion  to  a  Hawaiian  Grammar.)      1896. 
I.  O.  O.  F. — Constitution,  by-laws  and   rules  of  Excelsior  Lodge 

No.  I.     Honolulu,  1857. 
luglis,  John. — Dicftionary  of  the  Aneityumese  language.     London, 

1882.  (Specimen,  32  pp.  only.) 
Japanese  hymn  book.  Osaka,  1882. 
Kakimototoakin  taekan  ana  main  ara  uea  are  letu-Kirito.     Paris, 

1894. 
Kamehameha  V. — Speech  at  the  opening  of  the  convention. 
Kapiolani,  the  heroine  of  Hawaii.      New  York,  1866. 
Ke  Karistiano:   Buke  I.,  helu  2-23. 
Kaimiloa,  Expedition  of  ;    Manuscript  journal   of  the   expedition, 

from  Dec.  26,  1886  to  May  24,  1887. 
Kaua  kuloko  1895  Repubalika  o  Hawaii.     Honolulu,  1895.     (1895 

Rebellion.) 
Keopuolani,  late  queen  of  the  Sandwich  Islands.     Boston,  1825. 
Kilauea  after  the  eruption  of  1886.     By  the  Hawaiian  Government 

Survey  staff  and  James  D.  Dana. 
Kumu  Hawaii,  He:   Buke  IH.,  pepa  3-27.     Honolulu,  1837. 
Kumu  kahakaha.     Lahainaluna,  1836. 

Kumu  kamalii:   Buke  I.,   pepa  3,  4,  7,  8,  10-12.     Honolulu,  1837. 
Kumu  kanawai,   a  me  ke  kanawai    hooponopono   waiwai,   no  ko 

Hawaii  nei  pae  aina  na  Kamehameha  III.     Honolulu,  1840. 


List  of  Accessions.  i6i 

Kumumua.     Honolulu,  1844,  1846  and  1848. 

Kuokoa,  Nupepa:  Buke  XXII.,  helu  i:  Buke  XXIII.,  helu  6,  10, 
24,  25,  27,  30-33,  36  and  40;  Buke  XXVII.,  helu  39;  Buke 
XXXII.,  helu  2,  II,  12,  17-19,  25  and  26;    Buke  XXXVII., 

helu  28.     Nupepa  puka  la — ;   Buke  I.,  helu  66,  69  and  70. 
Kusaie  :   Hymn  book  in  the  Kusaiean  dialect.     Honolulu,  1894. 

San  Francisco,  1897. 
Lahainaluna  Seminary  :    Catalogue  of  the  officers  and  students. 

Lahainaluna,  1843. 
Ka  Lahui  Hawaii;   Buke  I.,  complete  except  helu   10,   26  and  39; 

Buke  II.,  except  helu  5,  6,  42-44  and  49;   Buke  III.,  wanting 

helu  5.     Honolulu,  1875-1877. 
Latterday  Saints:  Na  buke  o  ka  berita  ame  na  kauoha  o  ka  Ekalesia 

o  lesu  Karisto  no  na  poe  hoano  o  na  la  hope.    Honolulu,  1893. 
Ka  Lau  Oliva;   Buke  I. -III. 
Laws  of  Kamehameha  V.     In  English  and  Hawaiian.     Honolulu, 

1870. 
Statute  Laws  of  Kamehameha  III.,  1845  and  1846.     English  and 

Hawaiian.     Honolulu,  1846. 
Legislature  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  Rules  of  procedure  of. 
Leonard,  George. — Hawaiian  arithmetic.     Honolulu,  1852. 
Leprosy  :   Report  of  special  committee  to  visit  the  leper  settlement 

at  Molokai;   Honolulu,  1888.     Report  of  special  committee  to 

visit  Kakaako  leper  settlement;    Honolulu,    1888.     Hawaiian 

Government  report  and  appendix.      1886. 
Lidgate,  J.  M. — Short  synopsis  of  Hawaiian  ferns.      1873. 
Lobscheid,  Wm. — Chinese-English  grammar,  part  2.     Hongkong, 

1864. 
Logan,  Robert  W. — The  work  of  God  in  Micronesia,  1852-1883. 

Boston,  1884. 
Loio  kuhina  ;   Hoike  a  ka  Loio  kuhina  i  ka  Hale  Ahaolelo  o  ka 

makahiki,  1886. 
Lord,  E. — A  compendious  history  of  the  principal  Protestant  mis- 
sions.    Boston,  1 81 3. 
Lyons,  C.  J.  (Translator.) — The  song  of  Kualihi,  of  Hawaii. 
Maile,  Quarterly,  Vols.  I. -III.     Honolulu,  1865-186S. 
Ka  Makaainana,  Buke  IV.,  helu  39. 
Mallery,  Garrick. — The  gesture  speech  of  man.      1882. 
Malo,  Davida. — Wahi  kumu-manao  no  na  mea  nui  maloko  o  ka 

ke  Akua  olelo.     Honolulu,  1865. 
Marquesas  Islands.     Works  in  dialect  of  Marquesas  Islands  :  Te 

evanelia    i    Patutia   e    loane ;    Honolulu,    1858.     Arithmetic; 

Honolulu,  1869.     Geography;   Honolulu,  1869.     Primer;   Ho- 
nolulu, 1858  and  1868. 
Marshall  Islands.     Works  in  dialect  of  Marshall  Islands:   Hymn 

book;    Honolulu,    1873;    Oakland,    1881  ;    New  York,    1891. 

Arithmetic;  Honolulu,  1873. 

O.  p.  B.  p.  B.  M.— Vol.  I..  No.  3- 


i62  DiJ-eHor' s  Annual  Report. 

Martin,  \Vm.  —  Catalogue  d'oiivrages  relatifs  aux  Isles  Hawaii. 
Paris  ,^  1867. 

Missions  E^vangeliques,  Societe  cles.   Reports.      1896  and  1897. 

Moolelo  Hawaii.     I^ahainaluna,  1836.     Honolulu,  1858. 

Moolelo  no  na  hololiolona  wavvae  elia.  I^ahainaluna,  1834.  (Ele- 
mentary zoolog}'.) 

Moreno,  Celso  Caesar. — The  position  of  men  and  affairs  in  Hawaii; 
Open  letter  to  H.  M.  Kalakaua,  1886  and  1887.    Washington. 

Morning  Star,  Missionary  packet;  Boston,  1857.  Second  sequel 
to  the  story  of  the;   Boston,  1885. 

Mortlock  Islands.  Works  in  dialect  of  Mortlock  Islands  :  New^ 
Testament;  New  York,  1883.  Bible  stories  in  Mortlock. 
Gospel  of  Mark  ;  Honolulu,  1880.  Old  testament  history; 
Honolulu,  1880.  Mark,  Luke  and  The  Ac5ls ;  New  York, 
1882.  Hymn  book;  Cincinnati,  1881.  Catechism;  Honolulu, 
1888.  First  reader;  Honolulu,  1881.  Primer;  Honolulu, 
1876;  Ponape,  1879. 

Narrative  of  five  youth  from  the  Sandwich  Islands.  New  York, 
1816. 

New  Zealand,  Grammar  and  vocabulary  of  the  language  of.  Pub- 
lished by  the  Church  Missionary  Society.     London,  1820. 

Ka  Nonanona,  Buke  IV.,  pepa  1-24.     Honolulu,  1844  and  1845. 

Oahu  College:  Catalogues  1861,  1866,  1869,  1880,  1881,  1883-1900. 
Numerous  printed  sermons  and  notices. 

Ka  Oiaio,  Jan.  16,  26-29.      1886. 

Oiaio,  Nupepa  ka:  Buke  VI.,  helu  7,  14-17,  19-21. 

Olelo  ao  liilii :  Helu  I.     Honolulu,  1865. 

Oleson,  W.  B. — English  sentences  for  Hawaiians.     1884. 

Opukahaia,  Ka  moolelo  o  Heneri  Opukahaia.     New  York,  1867. 

Pacific  Commercial  Advertiser,  Vol.  XX.     Honolulu,  1895-96. 

Palapala  honua  nie  na  ninau.      1840. 

Peabody,  Andrew  P. — The  Hawaiian  Islands  as  developed  by  mis- 
sionary labors.     Boston,  1865. 

Phillips,  S.  H. — Address  delivered;   Honolulu,  March  11,  1873. 

Pickering,  John. — Essay  on  a  uniform  orthography  of  the  Indian 
language  of  North  America.     Cambridge,  Mass.     1820. 

He  Piliolelo  no  ka  olelo  Beretania.      1837. 

The  Polynesian,  Vol.  VII.,  No.  4;   Vol.  VIII. 

Ponape.  Works  in  the  dialect  of  Ponape  :  Story  of  the  gospels; 
New  York.  Books  of  Genesis  and  Joshua;  New  York,  1875 
and  1882.  Hymn  book;  Honolulu,  1891.  Primer;  Honolulu, 
1858.  Grammar;  Honolulu,  1858.  New  Testament;  New 
York,  1887.     Ponape-English  primer;   Mokil,  Ponape,  1892. 

Poomaikelani :  Report  of  the  Board  of  Genealogy  of  Hawaiian 
chiefs.     In  English  and  Hawaiian.     Honolulu,  1884. 

Postmaster's  biennial  report,  1892-94.     Honoluki. 

Pratt,  George. — Grammar  and  dicftionary  of  the  Samoan  language. 
London,  1878. 


Lisf  of  Accessions.  163 

Pritcliartl,  Dr. — Kthnological  extracts  :   On   the   extinttioii   of   the 

human  races.     Birniinghani,  1839. 
Queen's  Hospital:   Charter  and  by-laws.     Honolulu,  1859. 
Rarotonga.     Works  in  the  dialect  of  Rarotonga  :   New  Testament; 

London,    1836.     Hymn    book;     Rarotonga,    1843.     Books    of 

Moses  and    Exodus.     Te   Puuavai   Rarotonga,  Vol.   I.,   Nos. 

2  and  3  ;    1843.     Te  au  Salamo  te  moata  i  Tataia  e  Davida  ra 

kiritiia  ei  reo   Rarotonga;    Rarotonga,  1841.     Te  au  Buka  a 

Mose    kiritiia   ei   tuatua    Rarotonga;     Rarotonga,    1838.     Te 
.   korero-motu  ou  a  to  tatou  Atu  e  te  ora  a  Jesu  Mesia;   L,one- 

dona,  1836.     K  tuatua  enua,  te  mea  ia  e  takai  te  to  o  te  au 

enua   katoa   nei ;    Rarotonga,   1840.     Arithmetic;   Rarotonga, 

1841. 
The  Rebellion  of   1895  :    A  complete    history   of  the   insurrecftion 

against  the  Republic  of  Hawaii.     Honolulu,  1895. 
Rochefort.  Henri. — De  Noumea  en  Europe.     Paris,  1881. 
Roman   Catholics  :    A  refutation   of  the   charges   brought  by  the 

Roman  Catholics   against  the   American  missionaries   at   the 

Sandwich  Islands.      1841. 
Rula  hookeonimana.     Honolulu,  1886. 
Ruk:   Arithmetik  ;   Honolulu,  1887. 

Russian:   Four  tracts  in  Russian.     London,  1856  and  1857. 
Samoa.     Works   in    Samoan   dialect :    New  Testament ;   London, 

1849.     O  le  Sulu  Samoa;   Samoa,  1842.     Notes  on  the  Epistle 

to  the   Hebrews;    London.     Catechism;   Samoa,  1861.     O  le 

evangelia  ia  lesu  ;   Samoa,  1842.     Primer;   Upolu,  1839. 
Scott,   Thos.  —  The   power  of   truth.      (Translation   into   Greek.) 

Meath,  1825. 
The  Second  Interregnum:    Resume  of  events  from  the  death  to  the 

burial  of  H.  late  M.  Lunalilo.     Honolulu,  1874. 
Shattuck,  Harriette  R. — The   woman's  manual  of    Parliamentary 

Law.     Boston,  1892. 
Shepherd  Saint  of  Lanai.     Honolulu,  1882. 
Society  Islands.     Works  in  the  diale(5ls  of  the  Society  Islanders: 

Huahine — The  Book  of  Isaiah;  Huahine,  1833.     Tahaa — The 

Acts  of  the   Apostles;    Tahaa,    1823.     Tahiti — Hymn  book; 

Tahiti,  1827.     Te  mau  haapii  raa  Kerisitiano;    Tahiti,  1864. 

Grammar;    Tahiti,    1823.     Tahitian  and   English   Dicftionary; 

Tahiti,  1851. 
Spencer,  T.  P. — Haku  Nelekona.     Honolulu,  1887. 
Stockdale,  J.  J. — The  history  of  the  inquisitions.     London,  18 10. 
Stoddard,  C.  W. — The  lepers  of  Molokai. 
Tahitian  Mission:   Annual   circular  to  the  Windward  Division  of 

the  Tahitian  Mission.      1819. 
Taylor,  Isaac. — The  origin  of  the  Aryans.     Part  I. 
Tonga:   History  in  the  Tongan  dialect.     Tonga,  1886. 
Tracfls:   Large  bundle,  published  in  1837  and  succeeding  years. 


164  DireHor's  Annual  Report. 

U.S.  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey  :  Determination  of  latitude  and 
gravity  for  the  Hawaiian  Government;  1888.  Bulletin  22; 
Observation.s  made  to  determine  gravity  and  the  magnetic  ele- 
ments on  the  West  Coast  of  Africa,  and  some  islands  in  the 
North  and  South  Atlantic;   1899- 1900. 

Vance,  Spencer. — Ka  maikai  kiu  puowai  hao  kila  o  America,  a  o 
ka  olali  o  na  kapakai  o  Nu  loka. 

Wailuku  Female  Seminary:  Report;  July,  1840. 

War:   Report  of  the  Secretary  of  War.     Honolulu,  1856. 

Welinetona  me  kekahi  mau  moolelo  kaulana.     Honolulu,  1886. 

Whitmee,  S.  J. — Polynesia.     London,  1880. 

Whitney,  Henry  M. — The  Hawaiian  guide  book.    Honolulu,  1875. 

Williams,  John. — A  narrative  of  missionary  enterprise  in  the  South 
Sea  Islands.     London,  66th  edition. 

Williams,  W.  L- — First  lessons  in  the  Maori  language.  Auck- 
land, 1872. 

Wilson,  Captain  James,  Memoirs  of.     Boston,  1822. 

Woman's  Board  of  Missions  for  the  Pacific  Islands  :  Annual  re- 
ports.    Honolulu,  1874,  1877,  1878,  1880-1900. 

Wyllie,  R.  C.  (Translator). — Instru(5lion  on  the  cultivation,  pre- 
paration and  packing  of  tobacco.  Honolulu,  1857.  Trans- 
lated from  Spanish. 

Zulu.     The  book  of  Luke  in  the  Zulu  language.    New  York,  1883. 

Manusa'ipt. 

Lists  of  Hawaiian  words  classified  according  to  their  arts,  manu- 
faclures,  worship,  etc. 

Notes  in  preparation  of  a  Hawaiian  grammar. 

Papers  on  Hawaiian  relationships. 

A  chronological  catalogue  of  publications  in  the  Haw^aiian  lan- 
guage, not  including  the  sacred  scriptures,  nor  laws,  nor  re- 
ports nor  periodicals. 

vSeveral  loose  notes  on  Hawaiian  literature,  including  "The  story 
of  Loe"  in  Hawaiian  and  translated  into  English. 

Mele  kumuhonua. 

Mele  olioli  keia. 

List  of  birds,  fish  and  plants  in  the  Hawaiian  language. 

Texts  in  Hawaiian. 

Biblical  introdudlion  in  Hawaiian. 

Portion  of  dictionary  in  a  dialect  of  Micronesia. 

Notes  on  Polynesian  matters. 


n-^r    ■      ;,o, 


OCCASIONAL  PAPERS 


OF   THE 


BERNICE   PAUAHI    BISHOP   MUSEUM   OF 

POLYNESIAN   ETHNOLOGY  AND 

NATURAL  HISTORY. 


Voi,.  I.  — No.  4. 


A.  Seale:  New  Hawaiian  Fislies. 


-'honoi.ui.u,  h.  i. 

Bishop   Museum   Press. 

1 901. 


OCCASIONAL   PAPERS 


OF    THK 


BERNICE    PAUAHI    BISHOP    MUSEUM    OF 

POLYNESIAN    ETHNOLOGY  AND 

NATURAL  HISTORY. 


Vol..  I.  —  No.  4. 


A.  Seale:  New  Hawaiian  Fishes. 


honolulu,  ii.  i. 

Bishop    Museum    Press. 

1901. 


DEC  16  <Mt 


Seale:  New  Hawaiian  Fishes. 


481.    Bpinephelus  quernus  sp.  nov.     Fig.  i. 

Head  2.50  into  length,  exclusive  of  caudal  ;  depth  2.50  ;  D. 
XI  14;  A.  Ill  9;  P.  19;  V.  1-5.  Scales  ctenoid,  very  small,  130 
in  the  lateral  line.  Opercles  and  top  of  head  scaled  ;  eye  5.75  into 
head,  equal  to  interorbital  space.  Snout  3.85.  Body  compressed. 
Mouth  protracftile.  Teeth  :  Cardiform  teeth  on  jaws,  vomer  and 
palatines  ;  those  on  jaws  in  two  or  more  rows,  the  inner  ones  de- 
pressable  ;  two  rather  prominent  anterior  canines  in  each  jaw. 
Tongue  smooth.  Maxillary  reaches  posterior  of  orbit  and  is  with- 
out a  supplemental  bone,  its  length  2.79  into  head.  Preopercles 
serrated,  the  serri  larger  at  angle.  Opercle  with  three  flat  spines, 
the  middle  one  nearer  the  lower  than  upper.  Pseudobranchise 
developed.  Gill-rakers  rather  fiat  and  triangular  in  shape,  15  on 
the  lower  limb,  the  longest  equal  to  one -half  the  diameter  of  eye. 
Pins:  Caudal  rounded,  about  equal  in  length  to  pedloral.s — 1.75 
into  head.  Dorsal  spines  long  and  strong,  the  fourth  spine  the 
longest,  2.16  into  head,  and  three  times  as  long  as  first  spine. 
Ventrals  situated  dire(5lly  below  the  lower  base  of  pediorals  and 
about  equal  to  ped: orals  in  length.  Third  anal  spine  the  longest, 
equal  in  height  to  caudal  peduncle;  base  of  anal  3.20  into  base  of 
dorsal;  posterior  of  soft  dorsal  and  anal  rounded. 

Color  in  life:  Reddish  brown,  the  lower  third  of  belly  bluish, 
with  irregular  splotches  of  brown  ;  there  are  a  few  indistinct  white 
spots  scattered  over  the  body.  Basal  half  of  pedlorals,  ventrals  and 
anal  bluish,  their  outer  half  black.  Dorsal  dusky,  with  a  bluish 
wash  on  webs  of  spinous  dorsal.     Caudal  dusk}-.     Iris  j'ellow. 

Color  in  spirits:  Reddish  brown,  lower  third  of  fi.sh  with  wash 
of  bluish  ;  a  few  indistinct  bluish  white  dots  on  body.  These  dots 
seem  to  be  arranged  in  about  five  vertical  rows,  but  are  so  indis- 
tinct as  to  be  readih'  passed  over  without  being  seen.    Fins  dusk}'. 

One  specimen.    Length  10  inches.    Honolulu.  August  9,  1901. 

Hab.  Hawaiian  Islands.     Type  No.  4S1,  B.  P.  B.  M. 

(3) 


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Sea/c:   iVnc  Hawaiian   Fishes.  5 

611.     Novaculichthys  tattoo  sp.  nov.     Fig.  2. 

Head,  from  tip  of  opercle  flap  to  base  of  caudal,  3.30;  depth 
3.20;  eye  5.12;  interorbital  equal  to  eye;  snout  2.75  into  head; 
D.  IX  12;  A.  Ill  12;  \'.  1-5;  P.  12  Scales  2-27-8.  Head  naked. 
Lateral  line  interrupted.  Body  oblong,  compressed.  Teeth: 
A  single  row  of  small  sharp-pointed  teeth  in  each  jaw,  the  two 
anterior  ones  enlarged  canines  ;  the  upper  jaw  has  a  few  minute 
teeth  just  inside  the  outer  row  near  tip  ;  no  canine  tooth  at  angle 
of  jaw.  Branchiostegals  7.  Pseudobranchiae  well  developed. 
Fins  :  Dorsal  spines  rather  short  and  weak,  the  longest  spines 
equal  to  interorbital  space.  Caudal  rounded.  The  first  ventral 
spine  is  somewhat  elongate,  1.50  into  head.  Base  of  anal  1.50 
into  head. 

Color  in  life  :  \qx\  light  yellowish  brown,  with  a  wash  of 
pinkish.  A  large  yellow  splotch  on  the  sides  of  the  belly,  from 
which  five  pairs  of  narrow  but  bright  and  distinct  yellow  lines  ex- 
tend entireh'  around  the  belly  almost  like  ribs,  or  the  tattoo  marks 
used  by  the  blacks  of  Australia.  Fins  all  uniform  yellowish  white, 
except  the  spinous  dorsal  which  has  a  round  black  dot  between 
each  spine  along  the  middle  of  the  fin.  In  spirits  the  general  color 
becomes  more  pink. 

One  specimen.  Length  6  inches.  Honolulu,  August  9,  1901. 
Hab.   Hawaiian  Islands.     Type  No.  6ir,  B.  P.  B.  M. 


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lOM'-.-jk^^:  AL^dfySSHL. 


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en 

S  . 

O   i 

S  1 

X  I 

<  \ 

o  = 

<;  i 

Ql, 

W 

o 

w 


Scale:  New  Haicaiian  Fishes.  7 

625.     Serranus  brighami*  sp.  nov.     Fig.  3. 

fHead,  with  opercular  flap,  3  into  length  to  base  of  caudal; 
depth  3;  D.  X  11;  A.  in  8;  V.  1-5;  P.  15.  Scales  8-70-17.  I^ateral 
Hue  continuous.  Top  of  head,  the  snout  and  chin  naked.  Eye 
3.75  into  head  ;  interorbital  4  ;  snout  3.10.  Bod}-  oblong  and  com- 
pressed. Maxillary  without  a  supplemental  bone;  the  entire  max- 
illary, except  the  distal  end,  hidden  in  the  preorbital.  Preopercle 
serrated.  Opercle  with  two  flat  spines  at  posterior  edge.  Teeth: 
Patches  of  small  teeth  in  jaws,  vomer  and  palatines  ;  jaws  with  an 
enlarged  outer  row  of  canines  ;  no  teeth  on  tongue.  Gill-rakers 
rather  long  and  flat,  12  on  lower  limb,  the  longest  equal  to  diameter 
of  pupil.  Preorbital  wide.  Fins  :  Caudal  deeply  forked,  the  lobes 
equal ;  middle  ray  of  fin  about  equal  to  diameter  of  eye.  The 
fourth  dorsal  spine  the  longest,  2.75  into  head  ;  the  last  rays  of  the 
soft  dorsal  and  anal  slightly  prolonged,  2  into  head  ;  base  of  anal 
3  into  base  of  dorsal.  Pe(5lorals  long  and  somewhat  falcate,  equal 
to  length  of  head.  Ventrals  situated  slightly  posterior  of  line  with 
pedlorals,  long,  reaching  to  anus. 

Color  in  life  :  Ground  color  pinkish  white  ;  three  distinct  wide 
yellow  bands,  as  wnde  as  interspaces,  extending  obliquely  down 
and  back  on  sides  of  the  body  ;  the  first  from  nauchal  region  to 
a  little  posterior  of  axis  of  pe(5lorals  ;  the  second,  from  third  to 
sixth  dorsal  spines,  ending  above  and  anterior  of  vent  on  a  line 
with  lower  base  of  pedlorals  ;  the  third,  from  eighth  dorsal  spine  to 
third  dorsal  ray,  ending  above  and  on  a  line  with  fifth-eighth  anal 
rays  ;  posterior  of  this  last  band,  above  the  lateral  line,  there  is  a 
wash  of  yellowish  reaching  to  base  of  caudal.  Dorsal  fin  cadmium 
yellow  ;  caudal  yellow,  the  upper  lobe  with  tint  of  pink  ;  pe(5torals 
pinkish.  Ventrals  and  anal  white;  iris  whitish,  the  pupil  deep 
blue.  Sides  of  head  and  jaws  with  a  few  deeper  splotches  of  pink- 
ish. In  spirits  the  yellow  bands  fade  so  that  the  interspaces  show 
more  distinctly  than  the  bands.  The  fish  also  becomes  a  deeper 
pinkish,  the  fins  becoming  whitish. 

One  specimen.  Length  15.50  inches.  Honolulu,  0(5lober,  1901. 
Hab.  Hawaiian  Islands.     Type  No.  625,  B.  P.  B.  M. 

♦Named  in  honor  of  my  esteemed  friend  Wm.  T.  Brigham,  Diredlor  of  the  Bernice 
Pauahi  Bishop  Museum. 


FIG.  4.       BAI.ISTES    FUSCOLINEATUS    SP.    NOV. 


Sea/e:   New  Ila^caiian   /•'/s/ics.  9 

664.     Balistes  fuscolineatus  sp.  nov.     Fig.  4. 

Head  3.50  into  length,  exclnsive  of  caudal  ;  depth  2  ;  eye  4.50 
into  head;  interorbital  2.50;  D.  iii,  32;  A..  29.  Scales:  Body  and 
head  entirely  covered  with  medium-sized  scales,  ctenoid  and  scute- 
like, about  57  on  a  line  from  orbit  to  caudal,  16  in  a  series  from 
base  of  pedtorals  to  gape  of  mouth  ;  six  or  seven  enlarged  scute- 
like plates  just  back  of  gill  openings.  The  centre  of  the  scales  ou 
the  caudal  peduncle  is  slightly  raised,  forming  about  five  short, 
roughened  lines.  Teeth:  A  single  series  of  white  uneven  cutting 
incisors  in  each  jaw — eight  in  upper.  A  distinct  groove  in  front  of 
eye.  Fins  :  The  ventral  spine  is  immovable,  except  at  tip,  the 
membranous  portion  of  the  ventral  does  not  reach  beyond  the  spine. 
The  first  dorsal  spine  is  very  strong  with  four  lines  of  barbs  point- 
ing down;  the  length  of  spine  equal  to  snout;  the  second  and  third 
spines  are  very  small,  less  than  half  the  length  of  first.  Caudal  is 
slightly  rounded,  its  middle  ray  2  into  head.  Base  of  soft  dorsal 
very  little  longer  than  base  of  anal. 

Color  in  life  :  Silvery,  with  more  or  less  opalescent  refle(5tions. 
Three  narrow  dusky  lines  extend  from  anterior  margin  of  orbit 
horizontally  forward  over  snout ;  another  dusky  line  over  snout 
just  above  upper  lip  ;  two  dusky  lines  over  interorbital  space ;  two 
rather  indistinct  dusky  lines  along  base  of  dorsal  fins,  the  lower  of 
these  lines  beginning  at  orbit;  also  a  narrow  indistinct  dusky  line 
extends  from  posterior  margin  of  orbit  obliguely  back  and  down  to 
slightly  above  anal  fin;  another  short  dark  line  from  upper  pos- 
terior edge  of  orbit  to  axis  of  pe(5lorals;  two  narrow  dusky  lines 
extending  along  bases  of  ventrals  and  anal  fins.  Spinous  dorsal 
black  ;  soft  dorsal,  pe(5torals,  ventral  spine,  and  anal  fin  white; 
caudal  dusky.  Color  in  spirits  :  Similar,  excepting  the  dusky 
lines  are  less  distinct. 

Two  specimens.  Length  3-5.50  inches.  Honolulu,  0(ftober 
20,  1901.  Hab.  Hawaiian  Islands.  Type  of  species  is  No.  664, 
B.  P.  B.  M. 


^^ 


Scale:  N'cw  Ha-waiian  Fishes.  ii 

666.     Scorpaenopsis  cocopsis  Jenkins.*     Fig.  5. 

Head  2.45,  exclusive  of  caudal  ;  depth  2.75  ;  eye  6.20  into 
head  ;  snout  3  ;  interorbital  4;  D.  xii  10;  A.  iii  5;  V.  1-5;  P.  18. 
Scales  of  moderate  size,  44  in  lateral  line.  Head  naked,  but  with 
many  spines  and  dermal  flaps;  there  are  also  many  dermal  flaps  all 
over  the  body.  Teeth  villiform  in  jaws  and  vomer;  no  teeth  on 
palatines.  A  deep  fossa  below  anterior  of  orbit;  interorbital  and 
nauchal  regions  also  deeph-  concave.  Conspicuous  dermal  flaps 
just  posterior  of  and  overhanging  anterior  nostril,  with  a  cluster  of 
three  spines  just  above  them.  Premaxillaries  reaching  to  below 
hind  margin  of  eye,  1.85  into  head.  About  12  spines  on  each  side 
of  nauchal  fossa,  and  about  12  on  each  side  of  the  face,  exclusive 
of  the  spines  at  posterior  margin  of  opercle  and  preopercle.  Fins: 
The  caudal  is  rounded.  The  dorsal  spines  are  strong,  the  fourth 
is  the  longest,  being  equal  to  length  of  snout ;  the  second  anal 
spine  is  the  longest,  2.88  into  head.  The  base  of  the  anal  is  con- 
tained 3.75  into  base  of  dorsal.  Pectorals  very  large,  the  upper 
six  rays  branched,  the  longest  ray  1.50  into  head;  the  base  is  2 
into  head.     Ventrals  1.88  into  head. 

Color  in  life  :  A  mottled  grayish  and  dusky,  some  specimens 
with  reddish.  A  large  dusky  splotch  covering  the  highest  part  of 
the  back  from  nauchial  region  to  .seventh  dorsal  spine,  and  down 
on  sides  to  axis  of  body;  the  belly  is  covered  with  fine  vermicu- 
lations  of  brownish  ;  there  is  a  lighter  area  on  sides  of  caudal 
peduncle.  The  fins  are  gray,  specked  and  mottled  with  du,sky;  a 
broad  submarginal  band  on  caudal  somewhat  darker;  a  dark 
splotch  on  anterior  and  posterior  of  soft  dorsal;  a  black  band  at 
base  of  caudal.  The  simple  rays  of  the  pecftorals  are  yellow, 
banded  with  dusky;  the  branched  rays  have  a  dark  area  near  their 
base.  The  under  surface  of  the  pe(5t orals  are  yellowish  white,  with 
a  black  band  on  the  middle  of  the  branched  rays,  and  a  black  area 
in  the  axis.  The  upper  surface  of  the  ventrals  is  almost  uniform 
brown  tipped  with  white.  Two  specimens.  Length  8-9  inches. 
Honolulu,  OcT:ober  19,  1901.     Hab.  Hawaiian  Islands. 

*  Dr.  Jenkins'  description  of  this  species  was  received  just  as  this  MS.  was  going  to 
press.  It  was  thought  best  to  let  the  description  go  in,  as  there  seems  to  be  a  few  slight 
variations  in  coloring,  etc. 


Scale:   A^nv  Ifaii.'aiia/i   Fishes.  13 

667.     Monocanthus  albopunctatus  sp.  nov.     Fig.  6. 

Head  3  into  length,  exclusive  of  caudal  ;  D.  11,  38  ;  A.  33; 
P.  15;  eye  5  into  head;  snout  1.20  into  head,  its  profile  concave. 
First  dorsal  spine  long  and  strong,  about  equal  in  length  to  snout, 
and  with  four  rows  of  small  barbs  directed  down;  the  insertion  of 
the  spine  is  direclly  over  anterior  half  of  eye.  Teeth:  Uneven 
cutting  incisors  in  each  jaw;  a  single  row  of  three  on  each  side  of 
lower  jaw;  an  additional  row  of  small  inner  teeth  in  upper  jaw. 
Caudal  peduncle  with  four  short  round  spines  on  each  side.  Skin 
without  distinct  scales,  everywhere  rough  with  a  velvety  feeling 
to  the  touch.  Fins:  Caudal  rounded,  its  longest  ray  1.75  into 
head.  Ventral  spine  coalesced  to  the  pelvic  bone,  the  membrane 
rather  well  developed,  extending  slightly  beyond  the  spine.  Dor- 
sal and  anal  rays  of  about  equal  length;  the  base  of  the  anal  is 
contained  1.20  into  base  of  dorsal;   pedlorals  short,   2.50  into  head. 

Color :  Light  gray,  with  slight  silvery  gloss  everywhere 
covered  with  scattered  round  white  spots  about  size  of  pupil.  On 
the  lower  half  of  fish  there  are  also  a  small  number  of  scattered 
black  dots,  smaller  than  the  white  dots.  Dorsal  and  anal  with  the 
basal  fourths  black,  the  remaining  yellowish  white.  Caudal  dusky. 
Iris  yellow. 

One  specimen.  Length  6  inches.  Honolulu,  0(5lober,  1901. 
Hab.   Hawaiian  Lslands.     Type  No.  667,  B.  P.  B.  M. 


Sra/i\-  New  Ha^vaiian   Fishes. 


15 


681.     Thalassoma  berendti  sp.  uov.     Fig.  7. 

Head  2.80  into  length,  exclusive  of  caudal;  depth  2.80;  eye  9 
into  head;  snout  3  into  head;  interorbital  4.  Scales  :  The  scales 
are  very  large,  cycloid,  3-27-9;  head  naked;  lateral  line  continu- 
ous. D.  VIII  13;  A.  Ill  12;  V.  1-5;  P.  14.  Teeth:  A  single  row 
of  round  canines  in  each  jaw,  the  two  anterior  ones  enlarged;  no 
canines  at  angle  of  jaw.  Fins:  Dorsal  low,  the  spines  rather  weak; 
ventral  small,  2.50  into  head,  and  situated  below  base  of  pedlorals; 
longest  ray  of  pectorals  1.50  into  head;  caudal  almost  square,  with 
its  outer  rays  slightly  produced.     Base  of  anal  2  into  base  of  dorsal. 

Color  in  life:  Ground  color  pea  green,  bluish  on  belly  and 
chin;  three  wide,  bright  red  lines,  as  wide  as  ej^e,  from  head  to 
caudal,  the  upper  one  more  or  less  disconnecfted;  the  lower  one 
beginning  at  lower  axis  of  pedlorals,  extends  to  lower  third  of 
caudal;  the  second  extends  from  opercular  flap  to  a  little  above 
middle  of  caudal;  the  upper  line  extends  along  base  of  dorsal. 
A  broad  wedge-shaped  red  line  extends  from  lower  posterior  mag- 
gin  of  orbit  obliquely  back  and  down  on  sides  of  head,  dividing 
into  two  on  posterior  edge  of  preopercle  and  extending  to  lower 
posterior  edge  of  opercles.  A  red  triangular  spot  on  each  side  of 
snout.  A  row  of  six  round  red  spots  just  below  base  of  pecftoral 
fins.  Dorsal  red  at  base,  a  dark  green  line  through  middle  and 
the  outer  half  of  fin  bright  green.  Anal  is  similarl}-  colored.  Ven- 
trals  green.  Caudal  green,  the  middle  yellowish.  Pe(5torals  bluish 
green.  In  spirits  the  fish  becomes  greenish  blue;  the  red  mark- 
ings become  whitish. 

One  specimen.  Length  14.50  inches.  Honolulu,  0(ftober, 
1901.     Hab.   Hawaiian  Islands.     Type  No.  681,  B.  P.  B.  M. 

Ordered  printed  October  11,   igoi. 


OCCASIONAL  PAPERS 


OF  THE 


BERNICE    PAUAHI    BISHOP   MUSEUM   OF 

POLYNESIAN   ETHNOLOGY  AND 

NATURAL  HISTORY. 


Vol.  I.  —  No.  5. 


Director's  Report  for  1901. 


'  honolulu,  h.  i. 

Bishop  Museum  Press. 

1902. 


#^ 


BOARD   OF  TRUSTEES. 

Sanford  B.  Dole,  hlc'D President. 

William  O.  Smith Vice-President. 

Alfred  W.  Carter Secretary. 

Henry  Holmes        .......      Treasurer. 

Joseph  O.  Carter.     Samuel  M.  Damon.     William  F.  Allen. 


MUSEUM    STAFF. 

William  T.  Brigham Dire<5tor. 

William  H.  Dall  .  .  Honorary  Curator  of  Mollusca. 

William  A.  Bryan Curator  of  Birds. 

John  F.  G.  Stokes         .         .       Assistant  and  Adting  Librarian. 

Allen  M.  Walcott Assistant. 

John  W.  Thompson        ....        Artist  and  Modeller. 

Alvin  Seale Colledlor. 

John  J.  Greene Printer. 


OCCASIONAL   PAPERS 


OF    THE 


BERNICE    PAUAHI    BISHOP   MUSEUM    OF 

POLYNESIAN    ETHNOLOGY  AND 

NATURAL  HISTORY. 


Vol.  I.  —  No.  5. 


Director's  Report  for  1901. 


honolulu,  h.  i. 

Bishop    Museum    Press. 

1902. 


To  the  President  and  Trustees  of  the  Bernice  Panahi  Bishop  Museum. 

Sirs: — In  accordance  icith  the  vote  of  the  Trustees  at  the  stated 

meeting  held  Ja)iuarv  /j,  igoo,  I  present  my  report  of  the  condition 

of  the  Museum  and  the  icorl;  done  in  the  various  departments  during 

the  year  igoi . 

WILLIAM   T.   BRIGHAM, 

Direftor  of  the  Museum. 
Honolulu,  March  ig,  igo2. 


OCT 


190? 


REPORT. 


THE  difficulty  mentioned  in  ni}-  last  Annual  Report,  relating  to 
the  absence  of  sufficient  case  room,  has  continued  through  the 
year,  but  it  is  hoped  that  a  few  months  more  will  put  an  end 
to  a  condition  seriously  impeding  the  progress  of  the  Museum.  No 
new  collecftions  of  great  importance  have  been  received  during  the 
year,  although  single  specimens  have  come  in  by  gift  and  some 
important  ones  by  purchase ;  among  the  latter  the  fine  specimen 
of  Sperm  Whale  {Physeter  macrocephahis)  which  was  ordered  by 
the  Trustees  some  two  years  ago.  It  was  then  considered  that 
as  Honolulu  owed  much  of  its  early  prosperity  to  the  whaling 
industry  which  at  one  time  made  this  port  the  centre  of  its 
operations  in  the  Pacific  it  would  be  desirable  to  have  specimens 
of  the  seven  or  more  species  of  whale  formerly  caught  in  these 
waters.  As  a  beginning,  the  Wards  Natural  Science  E-stab- 
lishment  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  was  commissioned  to  procure  as. 
fine  a  skeleton  of  a  sperm  whale  as  possible,  and  to  not  only 
mount  this  carefully  as  a  skeleton,  but  following  the  sugges- 
tion of  the  late  Sir  William  H.  Flower  of  the  South  Kensington 
Museum,  prepare  a  covering  of  suitable  material  to  represent  the 
actual  appearance  of  the  living  whale  so  far  as  possible.  As  this 
covering  extends  over  only  a  longitudinal  half,  inspedlion  of  the 
bony  vStru(5lure  is  in  no  wise  hindered ;  and  as  the  whale  is  now 
hung  in  Hawaiian  Hall  about  on  a  level  with  the  upper  gallery  it 
is  in  a  very  favorable  position  for  examination.  The  specimen  is 
a  full  grown  male  55.7  feet  long.  The  skull  alone  is  18  feet  long, 
8  feet  wide  and  6  feet  high,  weighing  6000  pounds.  The  lower 
jaw,  which  contains  50  teeth,  weighs  onl}^  900  pounds.  The  fram- 
ing of  the  skeleton  is  very  skilfullv  done,  two  strong  steel  rods. 

(3) 


4  Director' s  Annual  Report. 

piercing  the  body  of  the  vertebrae  and  holding  the  spine  in  rigid 
curvature.  It  is  believed  that  there  is  no  better  or  more  instruc- 
tive specimen  in  the  United  States.  Illustrations  both  of  the  skele- 
ton and  of  its  covering  are  herewith  given.  Figs,  i,  2  and  3.  It  is 
hoped  that  soon  a  similar  specimen  of  the  Right  Whale  may  be 
placed  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Hall. 

Also  b}^  purchase  a  skeleton  of  a  smaller  whale,  17.6  feet  long, 
from  New  Zealand  {Mesoplodon  gravi)  has  been  obtained  and  well 
■cleaned  and  mounted  b}-  Mr.  Bryan  of  the  Museum  staff.  It  is  well 
shown  in  the  accompanying  illustrations,  Figs.  4-8,  and  as  it  is  not 
a  common  specimen,  the  skull  has  been  photographed  as  well  as  the 
•ear  bones.  It  presents  features  in  common  with  the  description  of 
another  species  of  Mesoplodon  and  in  the  absence  of  material  for 
(Comparison  the  determination  of  its  specific  place  is  not  certain. 

As  far  as  possible  in  the  absence  of  cases  the  work  of  preparing 
the  bird  groups  has  gone  on,  and  a  fair  illustration  of  one  of  the 
larger  grovips  is  given  in  Fig.  9,  where  Mr.  Bryan  has,  as  it  were, 
taken  a  secliion  of  the  rocky  breeding  place  of  the  Tropic  bird. 
Eggs,  young  and  adults  are  all  skilfully  shown,  and  our  thanks 
are  due  to  Mr.  F.  M.  Swanzy  for  permission  to  secure  the  needed 
specimens  from  the  islet  Mokolii.  For  the  smaller  birds  a  differ- 
ent but  not  less  effeclive  treatment  is  shown  in  Fig.  10.  This  is 
certainly  much  more  attraclive  and  truer  to  Nature  than  the  old 
method  of  mounting  stiffly  on  .stands.  Twenty-seven  such  groups 
are  planned  for  the  Hawaiian  avifauna. 

The  grass  house  mentioned  in  ni}-  last  report  has  been  com- 
pleted and  furni.shes  a  very  satisfadtory  illustration  of  an  ancient 
grass  house  of  the  simpler  sort.  It  will  be  fully  described  and 
illustrated  in  the  account  of  Hawaiian  house  building  which  it  is 
proposed  to  publish  in  the  Museum  Memoirs.  It  may  be  said  here, 
however,  that  it  is  large  enough  to  live  in,  and  not  a  mere  model, 
and  it  has  been  construdled  in  the  ancient  way,  except  that  the 
human  sacrifice  was  not  deemed  necessary,  from  the  frame  of  an 
old  house  in  a  valley  on  Kauai,  and  this  was  given  by  the  Knudsen 


Diirdor's  Ainnial  Report.  5 

Estate.  This  frame  was  cut  by  stone  tools  from  the  hardest  and 
most  durable  of  Hawaiian  woods,  as  naio  and  kaiiila  and  u hi  11  hi, 
so  that  while  the  ends  buried  in  the  earth  show  signs  of  decay  the 
part  exposed  to  the  air  is  fresh  and  complete  as  when  made  so 
many  score  of  years  ago.  The  frame  has  been  bound  together  b}- 
braid  of  iikiit/ci  leaves  and  the  thatch  of  t>ili  grass  attached  by  the 
same  means. 

Mr.  Stokes  has,  during  the  year,  nearly  completed  his  admir- 
able model  of  the  Wahaula  heiau  which  is  to  be  exhibited  in 
Hawaiian  Hall.  As  this  ancient  temple  was  the  last  one  adlually 
used  in  the  former  worship,  and  is  in  a  situation  remote  from  the 
present  population,  and  unsuited  to  the  cultivation  of  sugar  cane, 
it  has  been  possible  to  secure  most  of  the  original  constru(5tion,  or 
rather  (as  it  was  rebuilt  several  times  by  chiefs  of  Hawaii)  of  the 
construction  last  used  for  worship.  Mr.  Stokes  and  the  Director 
spent  some  time  camping  in  the  heiau  making  careful  measure- 
ments and  photographs,  from  which  Mr.  Stokes  has  built  with  the 
very  stones  of  the  temple,  what  I  consider  a  ver}'  accurate  repre- 
sentation of  an  ancient  heiau.  Mr.  Bryan  has  added  with  great 
skill  a  miniature  grove  of  coconut  trees. 

Mr.  Walcott  has  completed  the  great  task  of  rewriting  the  ac- 
cession book,  comparing  each  specimen  with  the  description  and 
number  in  the  most  pain.staking  manner.  He  has  also  arranged 
the  very  extensive  card  index  of  contemporar}-  zoological  literature 
of  the  Concilio  Bibliographico  of  Zurich. 

Mr.  Thompson  has  made  many  casts  of  the  Hawaiian  fishes, 
and  already  the  collection  stored  in  Hawaiian  Hall  is  a  most  inter- 
esting and  beautiful  illustration  of  the  Hawaiian  fish  fauna  ;  one 
that  we  should  hope  to  complete.  Mr.  Thompson's  work  received 
the  emphatic  approval  of  the  gentlemen  of  the  United  'States  Fish 
Commission,  and  I  doubt  if  so  good  representations  of  fish  can  be 
found  in  an}'  museum.  Few  persons  can  have  a  ju.st  idea  of  the 
variety  and  beauty  of  the  Hawaiian  fish  as  shown  in  this  work. 
The   necessary   removal   and   partial   demolition  by   storm  of  Mr. 


6  Director  s  Annual  Report. 

Thompson's  workshop  has  caused  considerable  loss  of  casts  and  no 
little  delay  in  his  work. 

During  the  year  the  Museum  Printing  Office  has  been  con- 
stantly employed,  and  the  t^'pographical  beauty  of  the  publications 
attests  the  skill  and  industr}-  of  our  one  printer.  Bryan's  Key  to 
the  Hawaiian  Birds  has  been  issued  as  Memoir  No.  3,  and  besides 
the  Annual  Report,  a  description  of  new  Hawaiian  Fishes  by 
Mr.  Scale  as  No.  4  of  the  Occasional  Papers.  Memoir  No.  4,  on 
Hawaiian  Stone  Implements,  is  more  than  half  printed  and  will  be 
issued  in  the  first  half  of  1902.  The  demand  for  the  publications 
has  increased  in  a  gratifying  manner. 

Late  in  the  3-ear  Mr.  vSeale  started  on  his  second  expedition, 
this  time  to  the  southeastern  Pacific.  He  has  already  spent  a 
month  on  Makatea,  of  the  Paumotu  archipelago,  where  he  made 
photographs  and  notes  of  the  process  of  kapa-making,  as  this  island 
was  once  the  centre  of  the  kapa  industry  in  the  Paumotus,  but  now 
has  quite  given  up  the  interCvSting  manufadlure,  although  Mr.  Scale 
found  skilled  old  women  who  made  kapa  for  him.  Evidently  it 
will  not  be  long  before,  the  old  women  gathered  to  their  fathers, 
the  art  will  be  lost.  A  considerable  collection  of  fish  w^as  made  in 
Tahiti,  and  from  that  island  our  explorer  will  proceed  to  the 
Tubuai,  Gambler,  Hervey,  Marquesas,  Samoan  groups,  whence 
we  are  looking  for  abundant  treasures  on  his  return. 

In  the  Ethnological  department  the  acquisitions  are  fully  shown 
in  the  list  appended.  In  the  other  departments  of  Natural  History 
the  gentlemen  in  charge  have  prepared  similar  lists. 

REPORT   ON   THE   LIBRARY. 

To  THE  Director: — 

During  the  3'ear  igoi  the  library  of  the  Museum  has  been  in- 
creased by  the  addition  of  299  volumes  and  530  parts  and  pamphlets 
acquired  principall}'  by  exchange  of  publications,  also  by  gift  and 
purchase. 

Since  the  foundation  of  this  library  efforts  have  been  made  to 
secure  all  the  available  material  relating  to  the  early  voyages  in 


Director's  Annual  R-^port. 


FIG.     lO.       BIRDS    ON    KOA    BRAXCH. 


the  Pacific  ocean,  and  by  closely  watching  the  catalogues  of  the 
book  dealers  in  Europe,  which  are  promptly  mailed  to  the  Museum, 
and  through  the  reports  of  our  appointed  book  agents  in  London 
and  Berlin,  many  old  and  rare  volumes  have  been  gathered.  In  the 
year  under  review  but  five  books  of  voyages  were  picked  up,  and 
these  are  :  Dampier's  Vo3'ages,  Burney's  History  of  Discoveries  in 
the  Pacific,  Fleurieu's  Discoveries  of  the  French,  Flinder's  Vo^-age 


8  Director'' s  Anmial  Report. 

in  the  Investigator,  and  Bligh's  Mutiny  of  the  Bounty.  These 
volumes  all  but  complete  the  long  series  in  the  Library  referring  to 
the  subject. 

Considerable  active  study  and  investigation  by  the  departments 
of  Ornithology  and  Ichth3'ology  called  for  a  fuller  representation 
of  books  pertaining  to  such  studies,  and  complete  sets  of  the  Ibis 
and  Auk  being  offered  for  sale  in  London  they  were  purchased,  as 
well  as  a  set  of  the  Journal  fiir  Ornithologie  in  Berlin.  To  aid  the 
determination  of  the  fishes  Bleeker's  Atlas  Ichthyologique  in  nine 
folio  volumes  was  purchased ;  and  from  the  United  States  Fish 
Commission  and  Dr.  O.  P.  Jenkins,  the  Fishes  of  Puerto  Rico  by 
Evermann  and  Marsh,  with  several  other  pamphlets  published  b)^ 
the  Commission  have  been  gladly  received. 

Few  works  relating  to  Ethnology  and  Anthropology  were 
added  during  the  ^-ear  as  compared  with  1900,  when  files  of  publi- 
cations from  several  European  societies  were  purchased.  The 
Societa  Italiana  di  Antropologia  e  Etnologia  was  among  those 
whose  early  publications  were  bought,  and  has  completed  its  set  in 
the  Museum  by  adding  the  four  volumes  of  most  recent  date. 
Several  institutions  with  whom  exchange  of  publications  has  been 
condu(fted  have  very  kindly  contributed  many  of  their  early  vol- 
umes not  due  the  Museum  by  right  of  exchange,  and  a  grateful 
acknowledgment  is  tendered  the  Cambridge  Museum  of  Comparative 
Zoology,  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  Field 
Columbian  Museum,  Royal  Societ}'  of  A^ictoria  (Australia),  and 
the  Real  Academia  de  Ciencias  y  Artes  de  Barcelona  for  these 
appreciated  gifts. 

Books  have  also  been  received  from  Henr}'  C.  Carter,  Esq.,  of 
New  York,  who  has  presented  many  books  long  out  of  print  con- 
cerning this  region;  the  Hon.  Charles  R.  Bishop,  the  U.  S.  Treas- 
ury Department,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  the  U.  S.  Geo- 
logical Survey,  and  other  individuals  and  institutions  mentioned 
in  the  accompanying  li.st  of  acquisitions.  To  the  list  of  exchanges 
man}'  new  names  were  added,  and  it  is  pleasing  to  remark  the  in- 
crease of  offers  from  other  scientific  bodies  to  exchange  pviblica- 
tions.     The  exchange  list  is  appended. 

The  condition  of  the  books  is  good  although  continually 
threatened  by  inroads  of  insects  which  breed  uninterruptedly  in 
our  even   climate,   and    considerable    difficulty  is  experienced  in 


Director's  Annual  Report.  9 

fighting  these  pests  owing  to  the  crowded  state  of  the  shelves  and 
the  want  of  suitable  and  permanent  cases.  While  the  library  re- 
mains as  it  is,  stored  in  the  old  cases  in  the  basements,  these  dis- 
advantages will  only  be  overcome  by  great  expenditure  of  time 
and  labor.  The  arrangement  and  classification  of  the  Library  also 
suffers  through  the  same  over-crowding,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that 
the  new  cases  to  be  placed  in  Hawaiian  Hall  will  soon  arrive  and 
be  erected.  At  present,  to  provide  room  it  is  found  necessary  to 
box  those  books  for  which  there  is  less  call,  and  store  them  in  other 
parts  of  the  Museum. 

The  Library  was  established  for  assisting  the  Museum  staff  in 
researches,  but  free  use  has  also  been  offered  to  and  taken  advan- 
tage of  b}'  scientific  gentlemen  in  these  islands  who  have  come  to 
the  Museum  for  study.     Respectfully, 

John  F.  G.  Stokes, 

Acting  Librarian. 

ATTENDANCE   OF   VISITORS. 

If  it  were  possible  to  make  a  table  of  the  apparent  intelligence 
of  the  visitors  the  results  would  be  most  interesting.  I  do  not  think 
any  visitors  study  the  collections  more  carefully  than  the  Chinese. 
The  Hawaiian  attendance  is  largeh^  of  school  children,  and  the 
Portuguese  and  Japanese  is  mosth'  from  the  laboring  classes. 
Some  visitors  not  only  stay  all  day  but  come  repeatedly,  while  the 
average  tourist  perhaps  spends  half  an  hour  or  less  in  a  glance  at 
the  rooms,  for  the  colledlions  seem  to  them  to  be  merely  furniture 
to  these.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  Museum  was  open  to  visitors 
150  days,  or  nearly  half  the  time,  omitting  Sundays.  No  damage 
was  done  by  any  visitor,  and  all  were  orderly  and  observant  of 
rules  as  in  any  communit}'. 

The  attendance  of  school  children  perhaps  needs  some  regula- 
tion that  they  ma^-  get  the  greatest  possible  good  from  their  visits 
to  the  Museum  and  cause  the  least  possible  annoyance  to  the  other 
visitors.  Not  more  than  twenty  in  a  class,  and  not  more  than  two 
classes  at  once  should  be  allowed  ;  and  the  teachers  who  come  with 
them  should  be  competent  to  give  some  instrucftion  to  the  pupils. 


lo  Director' s  Annual  Report. 

At  present,  I  am  sorry  to  say,  a  visit  to  the  Museum  is  much  in 
the  nature  of  a  half-holida}'  to  most  of  the  children,  and  I  have  seen 
little  instrudlion  given  by  the  teachers  to  the  pupils  :  there  are 
some  marked  exceptions. 

TABLE    OF   ATTENDANCE. 


3 

s. 

% 

S 

s 

1 
5" 

o 

Open  on 

Average 
Attendance. 

t 

o 

.i  o 

5 

•A 

3 

S 

1901. 

aj 
O 

> 

1 
o 

Eh 

January 

February  

March    

334 
460 
Wl 
349 
349 
3(59 
329 
684 
256 
244 
320 
321 

109 

78 

170 

.58 

159 

175 

60 

53 

114 

153 

130 

153 

29 
34 
16 
21 
28 
25 
26 
14 
21 
34 
47 
12 

73 

126 

111 

74 

75 

98 

114 

123 

91 

104 

94 

89 

70 
42 
88 
95 
42 
67 
42 
68 
44 
53 
109 
81 

■■"4 

3 
1 

"i 

"  8 

9 

8 

10 

8 

9 

9 

8 

10 

7 

8 

10 

8 

3 
2 
2 
7 
3 
3 
3 
7 
5 
5 
3 
3 

10 
51 
17 
45 
22 
49 
64 
152 
53 
15 
24 
32 

67.5 

86 

97 

69 

70.5 

76 

63 

79 

68 

70.4 

68.4 

78 

3.3 

25.5 
8.5 
6.5 
7.3 

16 

21 

22 

10 
3 
8 

n 

617 
740 
986 
597 

656 

735 

July    

571 

August 

September   

October    

November    

December 

942 

527 

588 
708 
656 

Totals 

4612 

1412 

307 

1172        801 

19 

104 

46 

534 

74.4 

11.8 

8323 

List  of  Accessions. 


DEPARTMENT   OF   ETHNOLOGY   AND   ANTHROPOLOGY. 

Given . 
5621     Palm-leaf   basket.     Guam.     Given    by   Lieut. -Commander 

Stoney. 
5872-7     Bas-reliefs  of  Maori  heads,  done  by  Mr.  Allen  Hutchinson. 

Given  by  Col.  W.  F.  Allen:— 

5872  Old  man,   Te  Arawa  tribe. 

5873  Old  woman,  Te  Arawa  tribe. 

5874  Man,  Waikato  tribe. 

5875  Woman,  Taupo  tribe. 

5876  Boy,  Taupo  tribe. 

5877  Boy.      (?) 

5880  Colle(5tion  of  implements  from  the  Swiss  Lake  Dwellers, 
given  by  Paul  Hofer,  Esq.,  and  comprising:  15  .stone  axes, 
9  sockets  of  deer  horn  for  axes,  8  stone  knives,  2  grind.stones. 


List  of  Accessions.  ii 

I  stone  hammer,  7  sinkers,  15  lance  heads,  11  arrow  heads, 
7  chisels  (4  of  bone,  2  oi  stone  and  i  made  from  a  tooth),  13 
bone  awls,  2  bone  needles,  quantity  of  cores  and  flakes  of  flint, 
and  fragments  of  horn,  bone  and  boar  tusk. 

7534     Stone  lamp.     Hawaiian  Ids.     Given  by  Rev.  Silas  Perry. 

7585-7     Flax  bags.     New  Zealand.     Given  by  Mrs.  W.  F.  Allen. 

7588  Palm-leaf    basket.     New  Zealand.     Given  by  Mrs.   W.   F. 
Allen. 

7589  Pair  of  balls  for  playing  poipoi.     New  Zealand.     Given  by 
Mrs.  W.  F.  Allen. 

7590  Lime  box.      Solomon  Ids.     Given  by  Mrs.  W.  F.  Allen. 
7974     Stone  chisel.     Kauai,  H.  I.     Given  by  Paul  Hofer,  Esq. 
7995     Stone  sinker.     Kauai,  H.  I.     Given  by  Paul  Hofer,  Esq. 

CoUccicd. 
10,023-4     Grindstones  for  adzes.     Oahu,  H.  I. 
10,025-8     Polishing  stones.     Oahu,  H.  I. 

10.029  Stone  sinker.     Oahu,  H.  I. 

10.030  Stone  hammer.     Oahu,  H.  I. 
10,031-2     Poi  pounders.     Oahu,  H.  I. 

Purchased. 
2792-4     Car^-ed  human  skulls.     New  Guinea. 

2795  Bambu  drill  for  making  shell  rings.     New  Guinea. 

2796  Piece  of  shell  parti}-  cut.     New  Guinea. 

2797  Block  of  wood  for  holding  shell.     New  Guinea. 
2799     Paddle.     Trobriand  Ids. 

3070-1      Koko  puupuu.     Hawaiian  Ids. 
3568-9     Stone  lamps.     Hawaiian  Ids. 
3848     Stone  lamp.  .   Hawaiian  Ids. 
6731-2     Dancing  masks.     New  Ireland. 

6760  Spear.     New  Guinea. 

6761  Spear.     South  Au.stralia. 
6762-3     Nosepins.     Solomon  Ids. 
6816     Wooden  idol.     Oahu,  H.  I. 

7646  Stone  dish.     Hawaiian  Ids. 

7647  Stone  lamp.      Hawaiian  Ids. 
7905     Club.     Marquesas  Ids. 
10,035-8     Stone  adzes.     Hawaii,  H.  I. 
10,039     Stone  pestle.     Hawaii,  H.  I. 


12  Director's  Animal  Report. 

10.040  Stone  lamp.     Hawaii,  H.  I. 

10.041  Iron  adze.     Hawaii,  H.I. 

10,057-61     Ornamented  gourd  water  bottles.     Niihau,  H.  I. 
10,062     Large   mat   made   from   "Makaloa"    {Cyperiis  Iccvigatus). 

Niihau,  H.  I. 
10,063-72     Small  samples  of  mats  made  from  "Makaloa."  Niihau, 

H.  I. 
10,073-4     Stone  poi  pounder.     Hawaii,  H.  I. 
10,075-6     Iron  fish  barbs.     Hawaii,  H.  I. 
10,077-9     Kapa  beaters.     Hawaii,  H.  I. 
10,080-1     Wooden  dishes.     Hawaii,  H.  I. 

10.082  Old  pistol.     Kealakekua  bay,  Hawaii,  H.I. 

10.083  Poi  bowl.     Hawaii,  H.  I. 


DEPARTMENT   OF   ORNITHOLOGY   AND    MAMMALOGY. 

Mammals  Purchased. 

10.096  Mesoplodon  grayi  Haast.     Chatham  Ids.     (Skeleton.) 
10,202    Physeter  macrocephalus  Linn.    Pacific  Ocean.    (Skeleton.) 

Bi?'d skills  Purchased. 

10.097  Glaucopis  wilsoni  Bonap.  ^     Wellington,  N.  Z. 

10.098  "  cinerea  Gmel.  ^     Nelson,  N.  Z. 

10.099  Creadion  carunculatus  (Gmel.).  ^     Otago  Sound,  N.  Z. 

10.100  "  "  "  <?&9"  " 

10.101  Turnagra  crassirostris  (Gmel.).^     Nelson,  N.  Z. 

10.102  Gerygone  flaviveutris  Gray.  J'     Nelson,  N.  Z. 

10.103  Chitonyx  albicapilla  Buller.  9     Wellington,  N.  Z. 

10.104  Sphenoeacus    punctatus     (Quoy    &    Gaim.).9      Welling- 
ton, N.  Z. 

10.105  Acanthidositta  chloris  (Sparrm.).^     Otago,  N.  Z. 

10.106  Chrysococcyx  lucidus  (Gmel.).  9     New  Zealand. 

10.107  Platycercus  novse-zealandiae  (Sparrm.).  9     Chatham  Ids. 

10.108  Stringops  habroptilus  Gray.  ^     Nelson,  N.  Z. 

10.109  Hieracidea  ferox  Peale.  (?     Wellington,  N.  Z. 

10.110  Thinornis  novae-zealandiae  (Gmel.).  ^     Chatham  Ids. 

10.111  Larus  scopulinus  Forst.     New  Zealand. 

10.112  Botaurus  pceciloptilus  (Wagl.).J'     Wellington,  N.  Z. 
10,113-4     Phalacrocorax  featherstoni  Buller.  (?&  9     Chatham  Ids. 


List  of  Accessions.  13 

10,115-6     Apteryx  australis  Shaw  &  Nodd.  ^  &  9    Otago,  N.  Z. 
10,117-8  "         haastii  Potts.  ^&9     Nelson,  N.  Z. 

10,119-20          "         maxima  Hutt.^&9     Stewarts  Id. 

10.121  Diomedea  culminata  Gould.     New  Zealand. 

10.122  "  fuliginosa  Gmel.  9      Campbell's  Id. 

10.123  "  regia  Buller.  9     New  Zealand. 

10,124-5     Thiuornis  novse-zealandiae  (Gmel.).  9     Chatham  Ids. 
10,206     Sula  cyanops  Sund.     Oahu,  H.  I. 

Bird  skins  by  Exchange, 

10,090     .^strelata  phseopygia  Salv.     Galapagos  Ids. 
10,264     Buteo  solitarius  Peale.     Olaa,  Hawaii. 

Bird  skin  s  Given . 

9892  Larus  delawarensis   Ord.     Molokai,   H.   I.     Given  by  Mr. 
G.  P.  Wilder. 

9893  Anous   stolidus    (Linn.).     Molokai,   H.   I.     Given  by  Mr. 
G.  P.  Wilder. 

10,062-3     Phaethon  lepturus  L,.  &  D.  ^  &9    Hawaii,  H.  I.    Given 
by  Prof.  H.  W.  Henshaw. 

Bird  skins  Collected. 

Colledled  by  Wm.  Alanson  Bryan,  Alvin  Scale  and  Allen  :M.  Walcott. 
On  Waianae  Mts.,  Oahu,  H.  I. 

9644-93     Oreomyza  maculata  (Cab.).    26  J' ,  249. 
9694-9745     Chlorodrepanis  chloris  (Cab.).    24  c?  ,  28  9. 
9746-87     Chasiempis  gayi  Wilson.    17^,  259. 
9788-93     Vestiaria  coccinea  (Forster).    3  J' ,  29,  i? 
9794-9826     Himatione  sanguinea  (Gmel.).     19^,  139,  i? 
9827-32     Acridotheres  tristis  (lyinn.).     \$  ,  i  9  ,  i  juv. 
9833-4     Charadrius  dominicus  fulvus  (Gmel.).     29. 
9835     Asio  accipitrinus  (Pall.).(? 
9836-51     Carpodacus  mexicauus  obscurus  McCall.     \$  ,  79. 

9894  Phasianus  versicolor  Vieill. 

9885  and  91     Himatione  sanguinea  (Gmel.).^&9 
9886-7     Chlorodrepanis  chloris  (Cab.).  ^  &  9 
9888-9     Oreomyza  maculata  (Cab. ) .  (?  &  9 

On  Hawaii,  H.  I. 

9922     Phaeornis  obscura  (Gmel.).^ 

9923-4     Chasiempis  sandvicensis  (Gmel.).^&9 


14  Director' s  Annual  Report. 

9925     Phaeoniis  obscura  (Gniel.).J' 

9926-47     Chasiempis  sandvicensis  (Gmel.).     7  J"  ,  15?. 

994S-62     Himatione  sanguiuea  (Gmel.).     7^,  89. 

9963-79     Vestiaria  coccinea  (Forster).     10^,  7?. 

9980-10,019     Chlorodrepanis  virens  (Gmel.).     24c?,  15?,  i? 

10,020-33     Oreomyza  maiia  (Wilson).     7  (?  ,  4?  ,  3? 

10,034-9     Heterorh5'nchus  wilsoni  Roths.    2$  ,  2?,  2? 

10,040     Chasiempis  sandvicensis  (Gmel.).J' 

10,041-4     Loxops  coccinea  (Gmel.).     3  c?  ,  i9. 

10,045-53     Phaeornis  obscura  (Gmel.).     6  (?  ,  3  ? 

10,054-7     Viridonia  sagittirostris  Roths.    3  J' ,  i9. 

10,058-9     Carpodacus  mexicanus  obscurus  McCall.  $ 

10,060-1      Psittirostra  psittacea  Gmel. 

10,065-6     Buteo  solitarius  Peale.     i  9  ,  i  ? 

10,068-9     Chlorodrepanis  virens  (Cab.).  9 

10,070-1      Chasiempis  sandvicensis  (Gmel.).     (?  &  ? 

10,072-7     Corvus  hawaiiensis  Peale.    2$  ,  29,  2? 

10,078     Chasiempis  sandvicensis  (Gmel.).  9 

10,079-80     Nesochen  sandvicensis  (Vig.  ).<?&  9 

On  Oahu,  H.  I. 

10,085-6     Nycticorax  njcticorax  naevius  (Bodd.).    $  and  juv. 

10.087  Heteractitis  incanus  (Gmel.). 

10,091-5     Phaethon  lepturus  Iv.  &  D.     i  <?  ,  3  9  and  juv. 

10.203  Nycticorax  nycticorax  naevius  (Bodd.).  9 

10.204  Spatula  clypeata  (Linn.).  9 

10.205  Charadrius  dominicus  fulvus  (Gmel.).(? 

10.088  Acridotheres  tristis  I^inn.;    15  specimens  for  skin  group. 
Honolulu. 

10.089  Acridotheres  tristis  Linn.  $      Honolulu. 

Bird  Skeletons. 

Collected  by  W.  A.  Bryan:   On  Waianae  Mts.,  Oahu,  H.  I. 

9852     Carpodacus  mexicanus  obscurus  McCall.  $ 
9853-4     Oreomyza  maculata  (Cab.).<?&9 

9855  Chlorodrepanis  chloris  (Cab.). 

9856  Chasiempis  gayi  Wilson.  $ 

9857  Vestiaria  coccinea  (Forster).  <? 

Birds  in  Aleohol. 

Collected  by  W.  A.  Bryan:    On  Waianae  Mts.,  Oahu,  H.  I. 

9878     Chasiempis  gayi  Wilson. 

9879-80     Oreom^'za  maculata  (Cab.).  J"  &  9 


List  of  Accrssio7is.  15 

9881  Vestiaria  cocciuea  (Forster). 

9882  Acridotheres  tristis  (Ivinu.). 

9883  Carpoclacus  mexicanus  obscurus  McCall. 

9884  Munia  uisoria  (Temm.). 

Ak'sis  and  Eggs. 

Collected  by  W.  A.  Bryan  and  A.  Seale  :   On  Waianae  Mts.,  Oahu,  H.  I. 

9858-63     Carpodacus  raexicauus  obscurus  McCall. 
9864     Turtur  chiuensis  (Scop.)- 
9865-6     Oreomyza  maculata  (Cab..). 
9867-73     Chlorodrepauis  chloris  (Cab.). 
9874-7     Chasiempis  gayi  Wilson. 


DEPARTMENT   OF    ICHTHYOLOGY. 

Collected  by  Alvin  Seale,  John  W.  Thompson  and  Allen  M.  Walcott. 
In  Hilo,  Hawaii,  H.  I. 

275  Cheilio  inermis  (Forsk.). 

276  S3'nodus  variegatus  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

277  Polydactylus  sexfilis  (Cuv.  &  Val.). 

278  Parapercis  schauinslandi. 
279-80     Teuthis  annularis. 

281  Gomphosus  tricolor  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

282  Upeneus  vilifex  Smitb  &  Swain. 

283  Julis  ( ?  trilobata  Lacep.). 

284  Malacauthus  hoedtii  Bleek. 

285  Abudefduf  saxatilis  (Linn.). 

286  Cheilinus  zonurus  Jenk. 

287  Iniistius  tetrazonus  Bleek. 

288  Cheilinus  sp. 

289  Pomacentrus  emarginatus  Cuv.  &  Val. 

290  Albula  vulpes  (L,inn.). 

291  Upeneus  porphyreus  L,inn. 

292  Upeneoides  vittatus  (Forsk.). 

293  Hemirhaniphus  pacificus  Cuvier. 

294  Fistularia  depre.ssa  Giintli. 

295  Iniistius  tetrazonus  Bleek. 
296-7     Thalassonia  verticale. 

In  Honolulu,  Oahu,  H.  I. 

298  Gymnothorax  leucosticus. 

299  Novaculichthys  vanicorensis  Quoy  &  Gaim. 


1 6  Director  s  Annnal  Report. 

300-1     Thalassoma  duperryi  Quoy  &  Gaini. 
302-3     Gomphosus  tricolor  Quoy  &  Gaim. 
304  "  pectoralis  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

305-6     Iniistius  pavo  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

307  Hemipteronotus  umbrilatus  Jenk. 

308  Thalassoma  quadricolor  (Less.). 
309-13     Pseudocheilinus  octotaenia  Jenk. 

314  Thalassoma  sp. 

315  Coris  schauinslandi. 
316-23     Chaetodon  setifer  Ren. 
324  "  fremblii  Benn. 

325-6  "  quadrimaculatus  Gray. 

327-8  "  vittatus  Ren. 

329  "  unimaculatus  Bloch. 

330-3  "  lunula  (Lacep.). 

334-42  "  mantelliger  Jenk. 

343-6     Zanclus  canescens  Giinth. 

347-8     Calotomus  sandwichensis  Cuv.  &  Val. 

349  Paracirrhites  cinctus  (Benn.). 

350  Upeneus  trifasciatus  L,acep. 

351  Abudefduf  saxatilis  (Linn.). 
352-4     Dascyllus  trimaculatus  (Riipp.). 
355-8     Synodus  varius  Lacep. 

359-60     Caranx  speciosus  (Forsk.). 

361-4     Teuthis  triostegus  (I^inn.). 

365-9     Cheilio  inermis  (Forsk.). 

370     Parapercis  schauinslandi. 

371-2     Polydactylus  sexfilis  (Cuv.  &  Val.) 

373-83     Parachirrites  arcatus  (Parkins). 

384-9     Caranx  sp. 

390  Cheiliuus  bimaculatus  Cuv.  &  Val. 

391  Apogon  sp. 

392  Chaetodon  ornatissimus  (tSoland.). 
393-5     Aprion  virescens  Cuv.  &  Val. 

396  Teuthis  olivaceus  (BL). 

397  Ctenochsetus  strigosus  Benn. 
398-400     Teuthis  sp. 

401  Caranx  affinis  Riipp. 

402  Trachurops  crumenopthalmus  (Bloch.). 
403-4     Caranx  sp. 


List  of  Accessio7is.  17- 


405  Scomberoides  toloo  Russel. 

406  Anianses  sandwicheusis  Bleek. 
407-9     Cougrellus  sp. 

410-12     Eleotris  fusca  (Schneid.). 

413-14     Holocentriis  sp. 

415-16  "  sp. 

417  "  fuscostriatiis  Seale. 

41 8-2 1      Parexocoetus  mesogaster  (Bloch). 

422     Malacanthus  hoedtii  Bleek. 

423-5     Platophr_vs  pantherinus  (Riipp.). 

426     Apogou  meuesenus. 

427-30     Paracirrhites  forsteri  (Schneid.). 

431-3     Trachiuocephalus  limbatus. 

434     Carassius  auratus  (Cuv.  &  ^"al.). 

435-6     Myripristis  pralinus  Cuv.  &  Val. 

437  "  (  ?  pralinus  Cuv.  &  Val.). 

438-41     Cirrhites  marmoratus  Lacep. 

442     Paracirrhites  arcatus  (Parkins). 

443-44     Carangus  ciliaris  Bloch. 

445     Gobius  genivittatus  Cuv.  &  Val. 

446-48     Cossyphus  bilunulatus  (Lacep.). 

449-52     Gobius  sp. 

453  Abudefduf  saxatilis  (Linn.). 

454  Balistes  buniva  (Will.). 
455"6       ",       capriscus  Gniel. 

457  Amiurus  nebulosus  (Le  Sueur). 

458  Ophicephalus  sp. 

459  Anampses  cuvieri  Quoy  «&  Gaim. 

460  Cymolutes  leclusii  (Quoy  «&  Gaim.).     • 

461  Novaculichthys  vanicorensis  Quoy  &  Gaim. 
462-4     Iniistius  niger. 

465  Hemicoris  iridescens  Jenk. 

466  "  keleipionis  Jenk. 

467  Acanthurus  guttatus  (Forst.). 
468-g     Cheilinus  zonurus  Jenk. 

470-1      Thalassoma  pj-rrhovinctum  Jenk. 

472  Gomphosus  pectoralis  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

473  "  tricolor  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

O.  p.  B.  p.  B.  M.— Vol.  I.,  No.  5. 


i8  Director's  Anmial  Report. 

474-6     Thalassoma  verticale. 

477-9  "  SP- 

480  Cossyphus  sp. 

481  Epinephelus  quernus  Seale,  Type. 

482  Echidna  nebulosa  (Ahl). 

483  Cossyphus  bihinulatus  (Lacep.)- 

484  Priacanthus  crueutatus  Lacep. 

485  Cossyphus  (Diastodon)  modestus. 
.486  Scomberoides  toloo  Russel. 

.487     Cephalacauthus  sp. 
.488-9     Balistes  buniva  (Will.). 
.490  "         mitis  Beuu. 

.491-5  "         vidua  Ren. 

496-7  "         capriscus  Gmel. 

498-9  "         bursa  Valent. 

500     Priacanthus  cruentatus  Lacep. 
501-3     Upeneus  velifer  Smith  &  Swain. 
J504-5  "  cherserydros  (Lacep. ). 

506-8  "  pleurostigma  Benn. 

^09  "  cyclostoma  (Lacep.). 

510  "  punctatus  Cuv.  &  Val. 

511-12  "  multifasciatus  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

.513  "  sp. 

.514-16     Carangus  sp. 
517-18     Myripristis  pralinus  Cuv.  &  Val. 
.519-21     Holotrach3-s  lima  (Cuv.  &  Val.). 
522-3     Holocentrus  microstoma  Giinth. 
^24  "  sammara  (Forsk.). 

525-7  "  tiere  Cuv.  &  Val. 

528     Iniistius  pavo  (Cuv.  &  Val.). 
529-30     Xj'richthys  sp. 

531  Coris  gaimardi  Valent. 

532  "       pulcherrima  \"alent. 

533  "       flavovittata  Benn. 
,534     Thalassoma  sp. 

535     Tylosurus  annulatus  (Cuv.  &  Val.). 
536-8     Albula  vulpes  (Linn.). 

539  Trachurops  crumenopthalmus  (Bloch). 

540  Scorpsenapus  gibbosa  (Schneid.). 
541-4     Aulostoma  chinense  (Linn.). 


f.ist  of  Accessions.  19 

545  Sph^-rsena  vulgaris  Cuv.  &  Val. 

546  Euleptorhaniphus  macrorhyuchus  (Cuv.  &  Val.). 

547  Hemirhamphus  pacificus  Cuvier. 

548  Chroniis  velox. 

549  Aprion  virescens  Cuv.  &  Val. 
550-2     Fistularia  depressa  Giinth. 

553  Tj-losurus  anuulatus  (Cuv.  &  Val.). 

554  "  sp. 

555-6  Euleptorhamphus  macrorhynchu.s  Cuv.  &  Val. 

557-9  Cliaetodou  lunula  (Lacep.). 
560-3  "  meiitelliger  Jenk. 

564  "  unimaculatus  Bloch. 

565  "  ornatissimus  (Solaud. ). 
566-8              "  setifer  Ren. 

569-71     Balistapus  rectangulus  (Bloch). 

572  Balistes  vidua  Ren. 

573  "         buniva  (Will.). 

574  Coris  gaimardi  Valent. 
575"7     "      pulcherrima  Valent. 

578  Heniicoris  keleipionis  Jenk. 

579  Paracirrhites  forsteri  (Schneid.). 

580  "  cinctus  (Benn. ). 

581  Pomacentrus  sp. 

582  Cheilinus  bimaculatus  Cuv.  &  Val. 
583-4     Zanclus  canescens  Giinth. 

585-7     Abudefduf  saxatilis  (Linn.). 

588  "  [?  saxatilis  (Linn.)]. 

589  Scolopsis  sp. 

590  Kuhlia  malo  (Cuv.  &  Val.). 

591  Echidna  nebulosa  (Ahl). 

592  Cephalacanthus  sp. 

593  Eleotris  fusca  (Schneid.). 

594  Balistes  capriscus  Gmel. 

595-8     Thalassoma  duperryi  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

599  Tetrodon  hispidus  Linn. 

600  Hemipteronotus  umbrilatus  Jenk. 
601-2     Holocentrus  rubrum  (Forsk.). 
603-4  "  sp. 

605  Gomphosus  tricolor  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

606  Coris  pulcherrima  \"alent. 


20  Director' s  Annual  Report. 

607  Upeneus  velifer  Smith  &  Swain. 
608-10     Thalassoma  qiiadricolor  (Less.). 

611  Novaculiclithys  tattoo  Seale,  Type. 

612  Cheilio  inermis  ( For.sk . ) . 

613  Thalassoma  sp. 

614  Scolopsis  sp. 

615  Synodus  varius  Lacep. 

616  Tylosurus  sp.  juv. 

617  Thalassoma  quadricolor  (Less.), 
618-19         "  sp. 

620  Aetobatus  narinari  (Euphrasen). 

621  Balistapus  rectaugulus  (Bloch). 

622  Teuthis  nigrosus. 

623  Monoceros  unicornis  (Forsk.). 

624  Thala.ssoma  sp. 

625  Serranus  brighami  Seale,  Type. 

626  Holocentrus  (  ?  binotatum  Quoy  &  Gaim.). 

627  Bali.stes  buniva  (Will.). 

628  Chsetodon  lunula  (Lacep.). 

629-31     Gomphosus  tricolor  Quoy  &  Gaim. 

632  Dascyllus  triniaculatus  (Riipp.). 

633  Pomacentrus  emarginatus  Cuv.  &  Val. 

634  Balistopus  rectangulus  (Bloch). 

635  Synodus  varius  Lacep. 

636-8     Gomphosus  pectoralis  Quo}'  &  Gaim. 

639  Eleotris  fusca  (Schneid.). 

640  Heniochus  macrolepidotus  Ren. 
641-2     Inii,stius  tetrazonus. 

643  Antennarius  commersoni  (Lacep.). 

644  Coris  sp. 

645  Holocentrus  microstoma  Giinth. 

646  Holotrachys  lima  (Cuv.  &  Val.). 

647  Calotomus  sandwichensis  Cuv.  &  Val. 

648  Teuthis  triostegus  (Linn.). 

649  Caranx  speciosus  (Forsk.). 

650  Scorpaena  parvdpennis. 

551     Cheilinus  bimaculatus  Cuv.  &  Val. 

652  Platophrys  pavo  (Bleek.). 

653  Cheilio  inermis  (Forsk.). 


List  of  Accessions.  21 


654  Stethojulis  albovittata  Lacep. 

655  "  axillaris  (Quoy  &  Gaini.). 

656  Beloiie  platura  Riipp. 

657  Aulostoma  chinense  (Linn.). 
65S  Caranx  ferdau  (Forsk.). 

659  Cheilio  inermis  (Forsk.). 

660  Monocanthus  sp. 

661  Teuthis  uigrosus. 

662  Scorpaeua  cirrliosa  (Thunb.). 

663  Aetobatus  narinari  (Euphraseu). 

664  Balistes  fuscolineatus  Seale,  Type. 

665  Thalassoma  quadricolor  (Less.). 

666  vScorpaeuopsis  cacopsis  Jeiik. 

667  Monocanthus  albopunctatus  Seale,  Type. 

668  Scarus  gilberti  Jenk. 

669  Echidna  sp. 

670  "         sp. 

671  Ophichthys  colubrinus  (Bodd.). 

672  Scorpaenopsis  cacopsis  Jenk. 
673-4     Teuthis  achilles. 

675  Chaetodon  unimaculatus  Bloch. 

676  Brotula  marginalis  Jenk. 

677  Cephalacanthus  sp. 

678  Ovoides  latifrons  Jenk. 

679  Chsetodon  bleekeri. 

680  Teuthis  sp. 

681  Thalassoma  berendti  Seale,  Type. 

682  Zanclus  canesceus  Giintli. 

683  Tylosurus  sp. 

684  Reniora  albescens  (Temm.). 


LIST  OF  ACQUISITIONS  TO  THE   LIBRARY. 

Those  received  by  exchange  are  denoted  bv  an  asterisk. 

Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia.— Journal,  second 
series,  Vols.  VII. -X.  Proceedings,  1871-1898;  given  by  the 
Academy.     *Proceedings,   1900,   Part  3  ;    1901.  Parts  i  and  2. 

Alfken,  J.  D. — Neue  Orthopteren  von  Neu-Seeland  und  den  Ha- 
waiischen  Inseln.     Bremen.     Given  by  the  author. 


22  Director's  Annual  Rcpoj't. 

American  Anthropologist,  A'ol.  II.,  No.  4. 

*  American    Museum   of   Natural    History.  —  Bulletin,  Vol.  XIII. 

New  York,  1900. 

*American  Philosophical  Society.  —  Proceedings,  Nos.  164-166. 
Memorial  Volume  I.  Transadlions,  Vol.  XX.,  Part  2.  Phila- 
delphia, 1 900- 1. 

Anatomy  and  Physiology,  Journal  of. — New  series.  Vol.  XV.; 
Vol.  XVI.,  Part  i.     L,ondon,  1900-1. 

Anthropological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. — Journal, 
Vol.  XXIX.,  duplicate  ;  *Vol.  XXX.,  XXXI.  London,  1899- 
1901. 

*  Anthropologic  de  Paris,  Societe  d'. — Table  generale  des  publica- 

tions de  la depuis  sa  fondation  (i860- 1899);    Bulletins 

et  Memoirs  de  la V^   serie,  tome  I.;  tome  II.  fasc.  1-3. 

Paris,  1899-1901. 
*Anthropologischen   Gesellschaft  in  Wien,    Mittheilungen  der. — 
XXX  Band,  VI  Heft;  XXXI  Band,   I-IV  Heften ;  General- 
Register  zu  den  Banden  XXI-XXX.     Wien,  1899-1901. 

*  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal. — Journal,  Vol.  LIX.,  Part  2,  Nos.  2-4; 

Part  3,  No.  I.     Proceedings,  1900,  Nos.  9-12;   1901,  Nos.  1-8. 

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Auk,  The.— Vol.  I. -XVI.  (1884-1899.)     Boston  and  New  York. 
Australasia. — British  Empire  Series,  No.  4.     London,  igoo. 
*Australian  Museum. — Annual  reports  for  1899  and  1900.    Memoir 

IV.,  Part  3.     Records,  Vol.  III.,  Part  8;   Vol.  IV.,  Parts  i,  3 

and  4.     Nests  and  Eggs  of  Australian  Birds,  Part  I.     Sydney, 

1 900- 1. 
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1768-1771,  Part  2. 
Bland,  Thos. — Distribution  of   Land   Shells  in  the   West  Indies. 

1 86 1.     Given  by  Henry  C.  Carter,  Esq. 
Bleeker,  M.  P. — Atlas  Ichthyologique  des  Indies  Orientales  Neer- 

landaises.     Amsterdam,    1862-1878.     Nine  volumes,  all  pub- 
lished. 
Bligh,  William. — Narrative  of  the   Mutiny  on  board  H.   M.   S. 

Bounty.     London,  1790. 
*Bo.ston  Public  Library. — Annual  lists  of  books  added,  1899-1900. 

Forty-ninth  Annual  report,  1900- 1 .    Current  monthly  bulletins. 
British  Museum. — Catalogue  of  Lepidoptera  Phalsenae,  Vol.  III.; 

Catalogue  of  Birds'  Eggs,  Vol.  I.     London,  1901. 


List  of  Accessions.  25 

Bronn,  H.  G. — Thier-Reichs,  Molhisca,  Lieferungen  53-61. 
*Brooklyu  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences. — Science  Bulletin,  Vol. 

I.,  No.  I. 
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the  South  Sea  or  Pacific  Ocean,  5  vols.     London,  1803-17. 
*California   Academy  of   Sciences.  —  Proceedings,    Third   Series: 

Geology,  Vol.  I.,   No.  8.     Zoology,  Vol.  II.,   Nos.  4-1 1  ;   Vol. 

III.,  No.  I.    Mathematics  and  Physics,  Vol.  I.,  No.  7.    Botan}% 

Vol.  II.,  Nos.  3-5,     San  Francisco,  1 900-1. 
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ports of. —     Vol.  II.,  Part  I. 
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1900. 
*Carnegie  Museum. — Publications,  Nos.  8-10.     Pittsburg,  1901. 
Carrick,   R°.  —  New  Zealand's    Lone    Lands.     Wellington,    1892. 

Given  by  Alex.  H.  Turnbull,  Esq. 
Central  Union  Church. — Thirteenth  Year  Book.     Given  by  Allen 

M.  Walcott. 
Cincinnati  Museum  Association. — Twentieth  Annual  Report.    Cin- 
cinnati, 1900.     Given  by  the  Association. 
*Connecticut  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences. — Transactions,  Vol. 

X.,  Part  2.     New  Haven,  1900. 
Cuba. — Report  of  the  Census  of  Cuba,  1899.     Washington,  1900. 

Given  by  the  U.S.  Treasury. 
*Cubas,  A.  G. — Mexico:  Trade,  Industries  and  Resources.  Mexico, 

1893.     From  the  Philadelphia  Commercial  Museums. 
Dampier's  Voyages. — Four  volumes.     London,  1729. 
Delacroix,  G. — Les  Maladies  et  les  Ennemis  des  Cafeiers.     Paris, 

1900. 
Detroit  Museum   of   Art. — Annual   Report,    1900.     Given  by  the 

Museum. 
*Ecole  d' Anthropologic  de  Paris,   Revue  del'. — 1900,  Decembre; 

1901,  Fevrier-Novembre. 
Ethnographic,  Internationales  Archiv  fiir. — Band  XIII.     Leiden, 

1900. 
Evermann  and  Marsh. — The  Fishes  of  Porto  Rico.     Washington, 

1900.     Two  copies,  given  by  the  U.  S.  Fish  Commission  and 

S.  M.  Damon,  Esq. 
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Vol.  I.;   Vol.  II.,  Nos.  I,  4  and  5:   Vol.  3,  No.  i.     Geological 


24  Director's  Annual  Report. 

Series,  Vol.  I.,   No.  8.,    Ornithological  Series,  Vol.  I.,  Nos.  i 

and  2.     Report    Series,    Vol.    I.,    Nos.    i    and  6.     Zoological 

Series,  Vol.  I.,  Nos.  i-io;   Vol.  II.;  Vol.  III.,  Nos.  3-5.     Pub- 
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Archbishop  Nares.     London,  1791. 
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1 80 1 -3  in  H.   M.   S.   Investigator.     Two  volumes  and    atlas. 

London,  18 14. 
*Free  Museum  of  Science  and  Art. — Bulletins,  Vol.  III.,  Nos.  1-3. 

Philadelphia,  1 900-1. 
•Gadow,  H. — Amphibia  and  Reptiles.     London,  1901. 
*Gordon  Technical  College. — Annual  Report,  1900. 
■Grave,  Caswell. — The  Oyster  Reefs  of  North  Carolina.      1901. 
Hartzer,  Le  Pere  Fernaud. — Les  lies  Blanches  des  Mers  du  Sud. 

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Secretary  of  the  Interior.     Washington,  1900.     Given. 
Hawaiian    Mission    Children's    vSociety.  —  Historical    Missionary 

Atlas.     Honolulu,  1901.     Given  by  the  Hon.  Chas.  R.  Bishop. 
Henshaw,  H.  W. — Notes  on  the  Habits  and  Haunts  of  the  Noio. 

Given  by  the  author. 
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Geyer.     Bruxelles.     New    edition    by    W.    F.    Kirby  and  V . 

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Hutton,  F.  W. — The  Diptera  brachycera  of  New  Zealand.      1900. 

Given  by  the  author. 
Hutton,  Y .  W. — Our  Migratory  Birds.     1900.    Given  by  the  author. 
Huxley,   Thomas  Henry,   The  Scientific  Memoirs  of.  —  Vol.  III. 

London,  1901. 
Hyde,    Charles   McEwen.  —  Memorial    by    Henry   Knight    Hyde. 

Ware,  1901. 
Ibis,   The. — F^irst  to   Seventh    Series,    1859-1898.     With  indexes. 

London. 
■■*Jndian  Museum. — Annual  Report,    1899- 1900.     Indian  Deep  Sea 

-Crustacea — Decapoda,  Macrura  and  Anomala.     List  of  Birds. 


List  of  Acccssiois.  25 

Part   I.     Catalogue    of    Indian    Decapod    Crustacea,    Part    I. 

Bracliyura  fasc.  i.     Calcutta,  1900-1. 
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Interstate   Commerce   Commission.  —  Fourteenth   Annual   Report. 

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lolani  College  Magazine. — \o\.  I.,  Nos.  3  and  4.     Honolulu,  1900. 
Jardin  Botanique  de  Buitenzorg. — Icones  Bogoriensis,  4'"^  fascicule. 

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*Johns    Hopkins    University.  —  Memoirs,    Biological    Laboratory, 

IV  5  Ophiura  brevispina,  by  Caswell  Grave.     Baltimore,  1900. 
*Kongl.  Vitterhets    Hi.storie  och  Antiquitets  Akademien. — Cata- 
logue   of   the    Stockholm    National    Museum    of    Antiquities. 

Stockholm,  1899. 
*Konigliche   Zoologische    und   Anthropologisch  -  Ethnographische 

Museum  zu   Dresden.  —  Abhandlungen  und  Berichte,   No.  6 

Aves  Polynesiae. 
*K.  K.  Naturhistorischen  Hofmuseums,  Annaleu  des. — Band  XV 

Nr  2.     Wien. 
Kramer,  Augustin. — Der  Steinnagel  von  Samoa.    Sonder-Abdruck 

aus  dem  Globus.     Baud  LXXX  Nr.  i. 
Labor. — Thirteenth  Annual  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Labor, 

1898,   2  vols.     Fifteenth  Annual  Report,  1901.     Bulletin  No. 

35.      Washington,  1899-1901.     Given  by  the  U.  S.  Treasury. 
*Leland  Stanford  Jr.  University.  —  Contributions  to  the  Hopkins 

Biological  Laboratory,  Nos.  2,  3,  5,  7-15,  17-26. 
Linnean   Society   of   London.  —  Botany,    Journal,    Vol.    XXXIV. 

Transactions,    Vol.    V.      London,    1895- 1901.      Proceedings, 

1899  - 1900. 
*Linnean  Society  of  New  South  Wales. — Proceedings,  Vol.  XXV., 

Parts  3  and  4;   Vol.  XXVI.,   Parts  i  and  2.     Sydney,  1900-1. 
Lyceum  of  Natural  History  of  New  York. — Annals,  Vol.  V.,  No.  2, 

1850.     Given  by  Henry  C.  Carter,  Esq. 
Madras  Government  Museum. — Bulletin,  Vol.  IV.,  Nos.  i  and  3. 

Catalogue  of  the  Prehistoric  Antiquities.     Madras,  1901. 
*Societe   Royale   Malacologique  de  Belgique.  —  Annales,  Aunees 

1899  et  1900. 
Maldive  and  Laccadive  Archipelagoes,  The  Fauna  and  Geography 

of  the. — Edited  by  J.  Stanley  Gardiner.     Vol.  I.,  Part  i. 
Man. — 1901,  January,  June  and  July. 
Martini  und  Chemnitz. — Conchvlien  Cabinet.     (Current  issues.) 


26  Director' s  Ayimial  Report. 

*Maryland    Geological    Surve)^ — Alleghauy   Count}'   and   Atlas. 

Eocene  Report.     Mar3'land  and  its  Natural  Resources.    Balti- 
more, 1 900- 1. 
Massachusetts   Horticultural   Society. — Report  of  the   Committee 

on  School  Gardens.     Boston,  1901.     Given  by  Mrs.  H.  L.  T. 

Wolcott. 
Microscopical  Science,   Quarterly  Journal  of. — Vol.  XLIV.,  Parts 

2-4;  Vol.  XL,V.,  Parts  i  and  2.     London,  1901. 
Le  Mouvement  Geographique. — 18  Annee. 
*Museo   Nacional  de   Buenos   Aires.  —  Communicaciones,  tomo  I 

no.  8  and  9.     Buenos  Aires,  1901. 
*Museo    Nacional   de    Mexico.  —  Apuntes  para   una   Bibliografia 

Antropologica  de  Mexico.      (Somatologia.)      1901. 
*Museu  Paraense. — Boletim,  Vol.  I.,  Nos.  2-4  ;   Vol.  II.,  Nos.  i,  3 

and  4  ;  Vol.  III.,  No.  i.     Para,  1895-1900. 
*Museu  Paulista. — Revista,  Vol.  I. -III.     Sao  Paulo,  1895-98. 
*Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology. — Annual  Reports,   1859-1867, 

1869-1876,  1879-1901.     Bulletins,  Vol.  I.,  Nos.  4-6,  8-11;  Vol. 

II.,  Nos.  3-5;  Vol.  3,  Nos.  I,  4-7,  9,  10,  14-16;  Vol.  V.,Noj. 

2,  3,  9,  1 1-13,  15  and  16  ;   Vol.  VI.,  Nos.  8  and  9 ;  Vol.  VII., 

No.  11;    Vol.  XI.,   No.  7;    Vol.  XIII.,   No.  7;    Vol.   XVII., 

Nos.  3  and  5;    Vol.  XIX.,   No.  4;    Vol.  XX.,  No.  2;    Vol. 

Vol.   XXIII.,   No.    i;   Vol.   XXIV.;    Vol.   XXV.,   Nos.  \-i\ 

Vol.    XXVII.,    Nos.    4-7;     Vols.    XXVIII. -XXXII.;    Vol. 

XXXV.,  Nos.  I  and  2;  Vol.  XXXVI.,  Nos.  3,  7  and  8  ;  Vol. 

XXXVII.,  No.  3  ;  Vol.  XXXVIII.,  Nos.  2-4 ;  Vol.  XXXIX., 

No.  I.     Cambridge,  Mass.,  1859-1901. 
*Museum  of  Fine  Arts. — Twenty-fifth  Annual  Report.   Boston,  1901 . 
Nature. — London,  1900-1. 
Newcomb,   W.  —  New   Species  of   Achatinella,    1853.     Given   by 

Henry  C.  Carter,  Esq. 
*New  York  Botanical  Garden. — Bulletin,  Vol.  II.    New  York,  1901. 
Ornithologie,  Journal  fiir.  —  1853-date,   49  volumes.     Cassel  and 

Leipzig. 
Ost-Asien. — No.  43,  October,  1901.     Berlin. 
*Peabody  Museum. — Archaeological  and  Ethnological  Papers,  Vol. 

II.     Memoirs,  Vol.  IX.,  Nos.  3  and  4.     Cambridge,  1901. 
Perkins,  R.  C.  L. — A  New  Genus  of  Hawaiian  Geometridse. 
Petermann.  —  Dr.     A.     Petermann's     Mittheilungen    aus    Justus 

Perthes'  Geographischer  Anstalt.     47  Band  1901,  I-X. 


List  of  Accessions.  27 

Pilsbr}-,  Yiy . — Manual  of  Conchology. 

*Polynesiau  Society,  Journal  of. — Vol.  IX.,  Nos.  3  aud  4  ;  Vol.  X., 

Nos.  1-3.     Wellington,  1 900-1. 
Popular  Science  Monthly. — New  York,  1900-1. 
Porto  Rico. — Report  on  the  Census  of  Porto  Rico,  1899.    Washing- 
ton, 1900.     Given  by  the  U.  S.  Treasury. 
*Public  Museum,  Wanganui,  N.  Z. — Annual  Report,  1899-1900. 
*Real   Academia  de   Ciencias   y    Artes   de    Barcelona.  —  Boletin, 

Vol.  I  nr  2-30.     Nomina  del  Personal  Academico.     Historia 

dela....      Barcelona,  1892-1901. 
Reinecke,  F. — Die  Flora  der  Samoa-Inseln.      1896-98. 
*Rijks    Ethnographisch    Museum   te    Leiden. — Director's  Report, 

I 899- I 900. 
Rothschild,  Walter. — The  Avifauna  of  Laysan,  Part  3.     London, 

1900.     Given  by  the  Hon.  Chas.  R.  Bishop. 
Rothschild,  Hartert  and  Jordan. — Novitates  Zoologicse,  Vol.  VII., 

No.  4;   Vol.  VIII.,  Nos.  1-3.     Tring,  1900-1. 
Royal    Geographical    Society. — The    Geographical  Journal,  Vols. 

XVI.  and  XVII.     London,  1900-1. 
*Royal  Society  of  New  South  Wales. — Journal  and  Proceedings, 

Vol.  XXXIV.     Sydney,  1900. 
*Royal  Societ}'  of  Queensland. — Proceedings,  Vol.  XVI.    Brisbane, 

1900. 
*Royal  Society  of  South  Australia. — Transactions,  Vol.  XXIV., 

Part  2;  Vol.  XXV.,  Part  i.     Adelaide,  1900-1. 
*Royal  Society  of  Victoria.  —  Proceedings,  Vol.  VI. -Vol.  XIV., 

Part  I.     Melbourne,  1892-1901. 
Salvin,  O.  —  On   the    Avifauna   of    the    Galapagos    Archipelago. 

London,  1876. 
Sawyer,  Frederic  H. — The  Inhabitants  of  the  Philippines.    London, 

1900. 
Science. — New  York,  1901.     Given  by  Mrs.  H.  L.  T.  Wolcott. 
Sergi,  G. — The  Mediterranean  Race.     London,  1901. 
Smith,  Jared  G. — Commercial  Plant  Introduction.     1900.     Given 

b}-  the  author. 
*Smithsonian   Institution.  —  Annual    Reports  for   1898,    1899  and 

1900.    Washington.     Bureau  of  American  Ethnology  :   Seven- 
teenth and  Eighteenth  Annual  Reports.    Washington,  1898-9. 
*South  African  Museum. — Annals,  Vol.  II.,  Nos.  4-8.     Report  for 

year  1900.     Capetown,  1900-1. 


28  DiTcdor' s  Annual  Report. 

St.  Louis  Library  Association. — Fiftj'-fifth  Annual  Report,  1900. 
Given  by  the  Association. 

Steindachner,  Franz. — Fische.  Frankfurt  uni  Main,  1901.  Given 
by  the  author. 

Stewart,  C.  S. — A  Visit  to  the  South  Seas  in  U.  S.  Ship  Vincennes, 
2  vols.     New  York,  1831.     Given  by  the  Hon.  Chas.  R.  Bishop. 

*Universiteit  van  Amsterdam. — Catalogus  der  Handschriften  I. 
Catalogus  van  de  Paedagogische  Bibliotheek  van  het  Neder- 
landsch  Ouderwijzers-Genootschap,  1891  ;  Supplement,  1899. 
Aanwinsten.     Amsterdam,  1891-1900. 

U.  S.  CommivSsion  of  Fish  and  Fisheries. — Pamphlets,  Nos.  433, 
456,  459,  465-7,  472,  473  and  476.     Given  b}"  Dr.  O.  P.  Jenkins. 

U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture. — Division  of  Vegetable  Physi- 
ology and  Pathology,  Bulletin  No.  26.  Division  of  Botany, 
Bulletin  No.  25.  F'armers'  Bulletins,  Nos.  23,  24,  26,  27,  29, 
31,  33-36,  38,  40,  42-45,  52-56,  58-67,  70,  73,  74,  77,  81,  82, 
84,  85,  87-90,  92,  93,  97,  99-109,  III,  113-124,  126,  128-130. 
Given  by  the  Department. 

U.  S.  Geological  Survey.  —  Twentieth  Annual  Report,  Parts  2-5 
and  7.  Monograph,  Vol.  XXXIX.  Bulletins,  Nos.  163-176. 
Map  of  Alaska.  Preliminary  Report  on  the  Cape  Nome  Gold- 
bearing  Region.  Washington,  1898-1901.  Given  b}- the  Sur- 
vey Department. 

*U.  S.  National  Museum. — Annual  Reports  for  1897,  Part  2,  1898 
and  1899.  Proceedings,  Vol.  XXII.  Bulletin  50.  Washington, 
1899-1900. 

*University  of  California. — The  University  Chronicle,  Vol.  III., 
No.  6;  Vol.  IV.,  Nos.  1-4.  Bulletins,  Vol.  II.,  Nos.  i  and  3. 
Agricultural  Experimental  Station,  Bulletins  127-30.  Report 
on  Work,  1897-8.  Our  New  Interests.  Topographical  Studies 
of  Islands  of  Southern  California.     San  Francisco,  1900-1. 

University  of  Cambridge,  Museum  of  Archaeology  and  Ethnology. — 
Sixteenth  Annual  Report.     Given  by  Baron  von  Hugel. 

*University  of  Kansas. — Bulletins,  Vol.  I.,  Nos.  4  and  8  ;  Vol.  II., 
Nos.  I  and  6. 

*University  of  Pennsylvania. — Bulletins,  new  series,  Nos.  i ,  2  and  9. 
Contributions  from  the  Zoological  Laboratory,  1900.  Phila- 
delphia, 1900. 

*Villafranca,  Richard. — Costa  Rica.  New  York,  1895.  From  the 
Philadelphia  Commercial  Museums. 


List  of  Exchano;€S.  29 

Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science.— Transactions,  Vol.  III.,  Part  3. 

Philadelphia,  1895. 
Webster,  W.  D. — Illustrated  Catalogues  Nos.  28  and  29.     Bicester 

and  London,  1901. 
Whitney,  Caspar.— Hawaiian  America.     New  York,  1900. 
*Yale  University. — Report  of  the  Librarian,  January  1899  to  July, 

1900.     New  Haven,  1901. 
*Zeitsclirift  fiir  Ethnologic,  Berlin.  —  1900  Heften  V  <&  VI,   1901 

Heften  I-III. 
Zoological  Society  of  London. — Proceedings  for  1900. 


LIST   OF   EXCHANGES. 

Amherst  College  Library.     Amherst,  Mass. 

Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal.     Calcutta,  India. 

Ecole  d' Anthropologic  de  Paris. 

Societe  de  Anthropologic.     Paris. 

Anthropologischer  Gesellschaft.     Berlin. 

Anthropological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.     Londoi: 

AnthropologLscher  Gesellschaft  in  Wien. 

American  Museum  of  Natiiral  History.     New  York. 

American  Philosophical  Societ}'.     Philadelphia. 

Australian  Museum.     Sydney. 

Auckland  Institute.     Auckland,  N.  Z. 

Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 

Anthropologische  -  Ethnographische  Sammlung.     Berne. 

Boston  Public  Library. 

Boston  Society  of  Natural  History. 

Brooklyn  Institute  of  Fine  Arts  and  Sciences. 

California  Academy  of  Sciences.     San  Francisco. 

Carnegie  Museum.     Pittsburg,  Penn. 

Canterbury  Museum.     Christchurch,  N.  Z. 

Columbia  University  Library.     New  York. 

Connecticut  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences.     New  Haven. 

Colonial  Museum.     Wellington,  N.  Z. 

Field  Columbian  Museum.     Chicago. 

Free  Museum  of  Science  and  Art.     Philadelphia. 

Gordon  Technical  College.     Geelong,  Vic. 

Harvard  University  Library.     Cambridge,  Mass. 


30  Director's  Annual  Report. 

Hilo  Public  Library.     Hilo,  Hawaii. 

Honolulu  Librar}'  Association.     Honolulu. 

Indian  Museum.     Calcutta,  India. 

Societa  Italiana  di  Antropologia  e  Etnologia.     Firenze. 

Jardin  Botanique  de  Buitenzorg.     Buitenzorg,  Java. 

Johns  Hopkins  University.     Baltimore. 

Konigliche  Ethnographische  Museum.     Miinchen. 

Kongl.  Vitterhets  Historie  och  Antiqvitets  Akademien.    Stockholm. 

Konigliche  Museum  fiir  Volkerkunde.     Berlin. 

Kgl.  National  Museet.     Copenhagen. 

Konigliche    Zoologische    und    Anthropologisch  -  Ethnographische 

Museum.     Dresden. 
K.  K.  Naturhistorische  Hof museum.     Wien. 
Leland  Stanford  Jr.  University.     California. 
Linnean  Society  of  Eondon. 

Einnean  Society  of  New  South  Wales.     Sydney. 
Madras  Government  Museum.     Madras,  India. 
Marine  Biological  Association  of  the  United  Kingdom.    Plymouth. 
Maryland  Geological  Survey.     Baltimore. 
Museo  Nacional  de  Buenos  Aires. 
Museo  Civico  di  Storia  Naturale  di  Genoa. 

Museu  Paraense  de  Historia  Naturale  e  Ethnographia.   Para,  Brazil. 
Museu  Goeldi.     Para,  Brazil. 
Museu  Paulista.     Sao  Paulo,  Brazil. 
Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology.     Cambridge,  Mass. 
Museum  of  Fine  Arts.     Boston. 

Museum  fiir  Natur-,  Volker-  und  Haudelskunde,     Bremen. 
New  Zealand  Institute.     Wellington. 
Oahu  College.     Honolulu. 
Peabody  Museum.     Cambridge,  Mass. 
Polynesian  Society.     Wellington,  N.  Z. 
Philadelphia  Commercial  Museums. 
Public  Museum.     Wanganui,  N.  Z. 
Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh. 
Royal  Geographical  Society.     London. 
Societe  Royale  Malacologique  de  Belgique.     Bruxelles. 
Royal  Society  of  New  South  Wales.     Sydney. 
Royal  Society  of  Queensland.     Brisbane. 
Roval  Societv  of  South  Australia.     Adelaide. 


List  of  Exchanges.  31 

Royal  Society  of  Tasmania.     Hobart. 

Royal  Society  of  \'ictoria.      Melbourne. 

Real  Academia  de  Cieucias  y  Artes  de  Barcelona. 

Societe  Royale  des  Antiquaires  dii  Nord.     Copenhague. 

Rijks  Ethnographisch  Museum.     Leiden. 

's  Rijks  Museum  van  Naturvlijke  Historic.     Leiden. 

Smithsonian  Institution.     Washington. 

"  "        Bureauof  American  Ethnology.   Washington. 

"  "        U.  S.  National  Museum.    Washington. 

South  African  Mu-seimi.     Capetown. 
South  Australian  Museum.     Adelaide. 
U.  S.  Experiment  Station.     Honolulu. 
Universiteit  van  Amsterdam. 
University  of  California.     Berkeley,  Cal. 
University  of  Pennsylvania.     Philadelphia. 
University  of  Kansas.     Lawrence,  Kansas. 
Wytsman,  P.     Bruxelles. 
Yale  University  Library.     New  Haven. 


FIG.    3.      END   VIEW   OF    SPERM    WHALE. 


FIG.    4.       -^lESOpLODON    GRAYI. 


FIG.    5.       SKULL    OF    MESOPLODON    (SIDE    VIEW), 


FIG.  6,   SKULL  OF  MESOPLCrCN  (FROM  BELOW ), 


FIG.  7.   SKULI.  OF  MESOPLODON  (FROM  ABOVE), 


^^M 

1 

BERNICE  PAUAHI  BISHOP  MUSEUM. 

1 

WilUniii  T.  felrlHtiniii.   nirwtitor, 

1 

1    1 

'al    '    '; 

,  1  1     1  1  1     1  1  1, 

4                   5                   6 

^**!^B 

^^^■s   -  Vj  ^  C^^^H 

^^^ 

^^^^^^^^^^Kj2,i^jL 

mm 

FIG.    8.       EAR    BONES    OF    MKSOPEODON. 


FIG.    9,      GROUP   OF   TROPIC    BIRDS. 


i 


rr^H 


fi^.. 


'  ^'i  :\ 


'^4M. 


'4^  ^W  ■ 


it^>^- 


■^ ,  -#* 


^  ?^- 


- — i*>: 


->  )r    ^ 


V^- 


^J 


mm 


m- 


>:C<fS*