Oceanus

\

VOL VIII NO. 4 JUNE 1962

•

EDITOR: JAN HAHN

Published periodically and distributed to the

Associates of the Woods Hole Oceano-

graphic Institution and others

interested in Oceanography

The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Woods Hole, Massachusetts

VOL. VIM, No. 4, June 1962

From

bottom

to Top

.HE cover photo by I was made
while lying flat on his back on the
foredeck of the 'Atlantis'. Jib, stay-
sail and mainsail are shown.

The imaginative photograph on
this page was made by D. M. Owen
from about two-thirds up the main-
mast by taking a series of five
photographs and overlapping the
negatives. The 'Atlantis' was leaving
Mobile, Alabama, hence the beauti-
fully straight wake and calm water.

Editorial

VOL. VIII, No. 4, June 1962

H

.ENRY STOMMEL once asked: "why do so many of
our ideas . . . have such a peculiar dreamlike quality?" It
seems strange that when oceanographers are able to dream
so well they have so little imagination in naming their
new ships. The British are building the Discovery IV,
the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries is building the
Albatross IV and now we are building the Atlantis II!

The editor feels with many others that a better name
could be found, although he realizes the name is the result
of a poll. There is a rather large pool of sentimentalists,
including ourselves, who feel there is but one Atlantis.
Apart from this emotional reasoning, the naming of a ship
after a famous predecessor provides the new ship with an
awe inspiring challenge to have to live up to. Moreover,
there are two most practical aspects. Are the Atlantis
stations going to be numbered on or are they going to be
numbered AII-1111? As is obvious, in this example, this
may lead to untold confusion and printing errors in the
literature. Finally, both ships will be operating at the
same time. "Where is the Atlantis?" "Which one?" This
is confusing.

D e s i g n

34 W-L
32' v.U
30' w-u
• 16 VMX

of

our

STA. \0
•OONDIM* OFF

BY JONATHAN LEIBY

The oceanographic research ship now under construction
for the Institution will be the first major vessel designed
and constructed for oceanographic service by a private
laboratory in the United States since we built the 142 ft.

ketch 'Atlantis' in 1931.

new

Res e arch

Vessel

T.

HE unprecedented expansion in scientific effort, in personnel, and in
facilities which now faces oceanography presents problems directly affecting
the construction of a new research vessel. Costly research ships are required
and they must be designed to extract the maximum scientific return through-
out the useful life of the vessel. In the present rapid expansion of oceanog-
raphy the requirements of the scientists are changing, and there are often
complete shifts in emphasis with the adoption of modern and advanced tools
for research. These changing requirements demonstrate the need to allow for
expected future changes by providing a vessel which will afford the greatest
freedom in the use of new tools and techniques. Facilities and favorable

New Ship

conditions for the development, test-
ing, and operation of acoustical
equipments must have high priority
in any new ship construction. In
addition the Institution, as a result
of long experience in the successful
operation of research vessels, has
determined to build a ship to the
highest requirements for safety,
reliability, flexibility, quietness, low
vibration, low maintenance cost, low
operating cost, slow speed capability,
and sea-keeping ability.

The ship, to be named 'Atlantis II',
has been designed to do effective all
weather oceanographic research
from the fringe ice to the tropics and
will be able to accommodate more
than one scientific discipline on a
given cruise.

Construction

The vessel will be of welded steel
construction and have twin screws
with twin rudders. She will carry
advanced navigational and scientific
equipment and will be fitted with
modern, quiet, and versatile labora-
tories. Special features will include
bow maneuvering by means of a
transverse bow thruster with bridge
control, an underwater observation
chamber in the bow, a center well,
an anti-rolling tank, articulated
cranes to handle scientific and other
equipment in a seaway, a stern
ramp, and full control of propulsion
and steering from five topside loca-
tion including the bridge.

Scientific handling gear includes
a steam powered deep sea winch, a
thermistor winch, two hydrographic
winches, two bathythermograph
winches, a hydraulically actuated
"A" frame, a centerwell hoist and an
inter-laboratory hoist. Provision has
been made for the installation of
two portable laboratories, one on the
main deck and one on the upper
deck. The vessel will carry a rescue
type lifeboat, five inflatable life-rafts
and a utility boat. A magazine for
stowage of explosives used in seismic
studies is provided. The design con-
tains special features for reducing

noise and vibration to a minimum.
In addition, all living quarters,
public rooms, laboratories and other
work spaces will be air conditioned.

The propelling machinery consist-
ing of two three-cylinder Unaflow
steam engines, will have its steam
supplied from two oil burning water-
tube steam generators and will
develop a rated shaft horsepower of
1400. Speed and direction of the
propellers will be completely con-
trolled from either the bridge or four
auxiliary bridge wing maneuvering
stations by means of a single lever
for each main engine. The boilers
will be automatically controlled to
meet the steam demand. The two
auxiliary generators are rated at
300 kilowatts with 440 volt, 60 cycle,
three phase alternating current. An
emergency diesel generator of 60 kw
will be fitted and will also supply
"silent ship" power.

The vessel and equipment will be
built under survey of the American
Bureau of Shipping and will be
inspected by the U.S. Coast Guard
and by the U.S. Public Health
Service.

History

The design of the vessel is the
result of long experience in the
operation of research vessels and of
intensive study of the requirements
and desirable features of such vessels
at sea. Experience with specially
designed and constructed ships at
the Institution began with the build-
ing of the 'Atlantis' in 1931 coinci-
dent with the founding of the
Institution. The long and successful
career of the 'Atlantis' is to be a
considerable degree attributable to
the fact that she was designed for
oceanographic research in view of
the best experience and knowledge
available at the time of construction.
It is noteworthy that the 'Atlantis'
remains today the only major re-
search vessel under the U.S. flag
which was especially designed and
built for the task.

_ ^ / 1

I £ /O J 0-*M.««

The outboard and inboard profiles of our new 195' ship.

New Ship

Later in 1959, with a preliminary
design at hand, the Institution sub-
mitted a proposal to the National
Science Foundation for funds for the
design and construction of the vessel.
The National Science Foundation is
an agency of the U.S. federal govern-
ment for initiating and supporting
basic scientific research and pro-
grams. Upon receipt of the grant,
the Central Technical Department
of the Shipbuilding Division of the
Bethlehem Steel Company was re-
tained as a design agent for the
Institution. The firm of M. Rosen-
blatt & Son was retained by CTD as
an associate in the design while the
acoustics group of the Electric Boat
Company was employed as acousti-
cal consultants.

In June 1961 bids were received
for the construction of the vessel and
a $3,876,312 contract for the construc-
tion was placed with the Maryland
Shipbuilding & Drydock Company
of Baltimore, Maryland.

Model Test Program

The preliminary design showed a
ship 170 ft. long. Model tests were
made of the research vessel 'Chain'
and the preliminary design to evalu-
ate comparative seagoing qualities.
Each model was tested in irregular
waves corresponding to a sea gener-
ated by a force 6 wind on the
Beaufort scale. The models were
tested in head seas, in a hove to
condition, and in beam and quarter-
ing sea. Comparative bow and stern
accelerations of the 170 ft. design
ranged from 20% to 40% above
those of the 'Chain' in head seas, but
were about equal to those of 'Chain'
in quartering seas. The increased
accelerations in head seas appeared
to be associated with the shorter
length of the 170 ft. design. Lateral
midship accelerations of the 170
footer were about 15% higher than
those of the 213 ft. 'Chain'. Later,
when it was found necessary to
lengthen the design for other con-
siderations, the results of the sea-
keeping tests assisted that decision.

MR. LEIBY joined our staff as naval
architect in 1959, and is concerned with
our fleet's problems and the design and
building of our new ship.

Special Features

The bow observation chamber will
be essentially a 7 ft. diameter cyl-
inder with a hemispherical end
superimposed on a normal bow. This
space will accommodate two ob-
servers and have six ports to view
ahead, down, and up to the water
surface at the stem. The vessel also
will be fitted with a passive anti-
rolling tank system of 31 tons
capacity (50% full) which is approx-
imately 1.5% of displacement. The
operating liquid generally will be
fresh water. The passive anti-rolling
tank is employed because it operates
at all speeds in contrast to anti-
rolling fins which depend upon for-
ward motion of the ship. A gyro
stabilizer was also considered and
would be effective at zero vessel
speed, but the cost was considerably
greater when compared to the tank
system and it cannot be used during
a "silent ship" condition.

General Arrangement

The ideal arrangement of an ocean-
ographic vessel will provide the
scientist with a sea-going vehicle on
which he may enjoy the highest
possible ratio of effective research
manhours to total operational man-
hours. The interrelation of labora-
tories, working decks, navigational
manhours. The interrelation of lab-
oratories, working decks, naviga-
tional spaces and other areas is of
vital importance to the success of
such a vessel.

The entire after half of the main
deck, with the exception of the
machinery casing, is devoted to the
exposed working deck and the main
laboratory. The largest expanse of
the laboratory is within the area of
minimum motion. Three large doors
provide direct access from the ex-
posed deck and are protected by
overhangs of the deck above. This

location of the working deck allows
the forecastle deck to extend past
amidships and cover fully two thirds
of the main deck to give the maxi-
mum internal volume for laborator-
ies and accommodations. This high
freeboard forward allows the vessel
to be driven into head seas while
the scientists work on the after deck
comparatively free of wind and
spray, to prepare for the next sta-
tion. Great care has been taken to
provide convenient access from both
the exposed working deck and the
main laboratory to the other decks.

The top laboratory is connected
directly to the chart room and there-
by to the wheelhouse. It will have
a 360° view of the horizon, and
principally will be the center for
geophysical, acoustical, and naviga-
tional work.

Versatility

Since much of the equipment
comes on and off our ships for nearly
every voyage, versatility must be
the keynote of a research ship. We
have tried to facilitate the complete
change-over, while in port, from one
discipline to another and to permit
ease of modifications as necessary
while at sea. Failure to provide such
versatility means either that things
do not get done or that they are done
at too great expense.

There have never been enough
convenient ways to hold or lash
things down on our ships. Therefore,
the deck aft and to starboard of the
main laboratory will be completely
flush except for the "A" frame, two
vertical capstans, and the bulwarks.
Flush tie-down pads for 1 inch diam-
eter bolts are spaced 24" on centers
throughout the deck area. Tempo-
rary, portable equipment can be
bolted to these flush pads in the
deck and will be powered by con-
nection to the watertight electric
outlets on the working decks. Such
equipment can include special
winches, such as a variable depth
sonar hoist, special boat hoists, etc.

Hatches are flush watertight, but if
required to be open at sea (for
instance, when using explosives from
the magazine), coamings of the re-
quired height may be bolted on to
provide protection from flooding. At
the "A" frame a portion of the bul-
wark is removable to decrease the
lift required in putting heavy
weights or bulky objects over the
side of the ship. A stern ramp leads
from the deck to the waterline aft.
The low laboratory door sill heights
are invaluable when handling lab-
oratory equipment and-or-stores at
the end of a cruise.

In the area of least motion the
laboratory for gravity measurements
will be located as well as the gyro-
scopes for the GEON navigation
system."

Each laboratory will have a gyro
compass repeater, electro-magnetic
log indicator, sound powered tele-
phone, intercommunication system,
closed circuit television receivers,
and a patch panel system. When
needed, six aquaria, each 3' x 3', built
of non-toxic material (fiberglass)
will be located in the main lab. Each
tank will have individual and sepa-
rate temperature control so that
organisms can be maintained at the
temperature of their natural habitat.
The non-toxic running salt water
system will have one or more taps
available in each lab, and at appro-
priate places on deck for the rinsing
of plankton nets.

Center (or internal) Well

In a broad sense the centerwell is
regarded as a scientific space in
which the adverse problems of wea-
ther and accelerations due to roll
and pitch are minimized; a space
through which the scientist can best
make visual and mechanical contact
with the water. For many observa-
tions it should provide the capability
of doing good work in higher sea
states than working over the side.

* See; "The level of sea level at sea",
Oceanus, Vol. VIII, No. 2.

New Ship

The advantages of a centerwell
will be to permit the cable or tow
point to leave the ship near the point
of least motion. Protected from spray
and inclement weather the oceanog-
rapher may operate more efficiently,
while the chance of fouling a cable
on screws or rudder should be re-
duced as the cable leaves the ship at
keel level. By changing or closing
the bottom opening the centerwell
space can be used as a fuel tank, fish
tank, wet lab, dry lab, or cargo
space for extra heavy equipment.

The centerwell should permit elec-
tronic, photographic gear, etc., to be
handled, serviced, and repaired on
the wire and under cover away from
ice - - rain - - wind and, spray. High
speed underway sampling may also
be done through the well and with
the aid of a large scoop and filter for
catching and filtering near surface
marine life.

Power Plant

The choice of the most suitable
propulsion system and the selection
of the most appropriate machinery
has been basic to the whole concept
of the the ship under construction
and is a matter which affects every
feature of design. The fact that the
propulsion of the vessel -will be
steam is perhaps unique for this size
craft.

The use of underwater sound is
rapidly advancing as one of the
major tools of oceanography and
bears upon important scientific, mili-
tary, and commercial problems.

It would have been possible to
install a diesel-electric propulsion
system. However, the steam plant is
definitely superior for continuous
low speed operation and for reduced
noise and vibration. Even the most
optimistic of the experts consulted
on sound isolation predicted a
greater sound level for the isolated
diesel engines and this at a cost

above that of the steam plant. Our
operating experience with diesel and
diesel-electric powered vessels and
experience with the steam-powered
USCG 'Yamacraw' supports these
findings. The latter vessel was re-
markably quiet and free from vibra-
tion.

The steam plant requires a larger
ship because the vessel must carry
twice as much fuel oil as the diesel
ship to obtain the required range. It
was found that if this increase in
ship size were added in the form of
greater length the additional cost
would be equal to the cost of a sound
isolated diesel-electric installation.
Comparative fuel costs should be
equal because the cost per ton of fuel
is about half that of diesel oil.
Furthermore, the larger ship with
proportionately more tankage has
qualities, due to its increased size,
which offset this apparent disadvan-
tage. The 195 foot design has 30%
more laboratory space and 25% more
useable deck space, while, of course,
the sea-keeping ability increased
with the size.

By use of the duplicate propulsion
system with simple steam engines
there is a reduction of on-board
spare parts which relieves the space
problem always present on a re-
search ship. Simplicity of construc-
tion and operation, low rotative and
reciprocating speeds, and conserva-
tive mechanical rating are character-
istic of the Unaflow steam engine.
Information gained from one of the
largest tugboat operators shows that
such a power plant results in main-
tenance costs which are about one
half as great as for a similar diesel
plant.

First Cruise

The keel for our new ship will be
laid down in early June and we
expect delivery of the 'Atlantis II'
in December. After a few short trial
cruises, the ship is scheduled to go
to the Indian Ocean to participate
in the International Indian Ocean
Expedition through 1964.

8

Two views of the model testing in the Davidson Laboratory of the
Stevens Institute of Technology. Above without the bulbous bow,
below with the modified bow. Both tests at a speed of 12.9 knots.

General characteristics

Length overall

Length on waterline

Breadth molded

Depth amidship (main deck)
Design draft (mean)

209 feet 9 inches
(63.8 meters)

195 ft. (59.4 m.)
44 ft. (13.4 m.)
22 ft. (6.7 m.)
16 ft. (4.8 m.)

Displacement at design draft
Continuous power

Trial speed

Service speed . .
Radius of action
Complement ....

2110 tons

1400 SHP
at 175 r.p.m.

13 knots
12 knots
8000 naut. miles

25 scientists
9 officers, 19 crew

Arrangement of

Main and
Lower decks.

2

I

ii
0

7
j

TT

J J

"-

8

'i

;

H

e

t

n

I

1

•
1

f
li.

1

V r\ ' [E

' 1

P'

4

u "I f

V3

7

10

•®

-#-

£

"1 i «

n

s

la

o

1 UJ

Q
LJ

o
o

u

LJ

_j

Ul

I/)
D
O

I

I—
o

_J

ol

Arrangement of Upper and Bridge decks.

11

12 -

- B .

>•
<
u.

The Ravages of Time

1\T the left is the 'Atlantis' in her original splendor during her trial run
off Copenhagen, Denmark on June 18, 1931. Designed by Owen and Minot
and built for the Institution by Burmeister and Wain, the ship first arrived in
the United States on August 26, 1931. Her cost of $300,000 was part of a grant
made by the Rockefeller Foundation.

13

they ranged from beautiful yachts

to fishing boats . . . the 'Saluda' and

the "big" 'Reliance' . . .

RONNE

. . . and then there was a whole fleet of little things during the war. There
was the "Little" 'Reliance,' the 'Asterias,' the 'Mytilus,' the 'Claire,' the 'Risk,'
the 'Anton Dohrn,' the 'Lobster,' and the 'Dot III' . . .

and (oh, fond memory) the

15

. ... on charter, loan or use were the 'Albatross III,' and the U.S.C.G.
'Yamacravv,' the 'Hazel II' and many others

16

Y

t

FAY

while, for years we owned the lovely teak-built 'Caryn'.

and sights as this

may never be seen again.
The 'Atlantis,' the 'Blue
Dolphin' and the visit-
ing brigantine 'Yankee'...

17

s

I-*

•">

,Dfi**

I \ -^ -**mr ,.'

ft

n

SPOONER

the 213 foot 'Chain' is the largest ship in
our fleet and is a converted Navy ship

Still

very much

the 36 foot 'Asterias,' a New England

draggertype, built for the Institution in 1930.

18

in use . . .

.... the 125 foot 'Crawford' was acquired
in 1956 and was a U.S. Coast Guard vessel.

.... the 103 foot 'Bear' was acquired in
1950; she had been an Army transport. . . .

SPOONER

19

the 'Eugenie VIII,' acquired in

1961, is most useful for our game
fish studies

the chartered 'Cap'n Bill II'

found large concentrations of lob-
sters in deep water

and then — and then there was

the poor old 'Balanus,' almost lost at
sea . . . but finally recovered — the
Gulf Stream was too much for her.

but no story about our ships is

complete without our "Senior Em-
ployee" Chief Harold Backus, for 25
years Chief Engineer of the 'Atlantis'.

20

Bound for
New Careers
In Research

IKE 243-foot 'Williamsburg', once
Harry S. Truman's presidential yacht,
will be used for the U.S. biology
program during the International
Indian Ocean Expedition, under the
direction of Dr. John H. Ryther of our
staff. The Institution will operate her
under a contract from the National
Science Foundation, which has taken
title from the Navy. Nine cruises of
two to three months from a base in
Bombay are planned for 1963-64.
'Williamsburg' was built as a private
yacht in 1931, joined the Navy as a
gunboat early in the war and was
laid up in 1953. She will accommodate
29 scientists (four in the presidential
suite) and is capable of 16 knots.

U.S. NAVY

The 99-foot 'Gosnold' will join the
Institution fleet this summer. She will
be used primarily for short cruises,
with a crew of six and scientific party
of seven. Built in 1941 for Army
service, she has been laid up in
Florida for 10 years.

OUT BCAR 0 PROF I LL

21

Briefly:

Atlantis cruise 275

,HE 'Atlantis' is on her way home. After a stormy winter season in the
Mediterranean she has left that short choppy swell for the long rolling waves
of the blue Atlantic. There are many names given to those winds of the
Mediterranean, among them: the Mistral, the Bora, and the Sirocco — it seems
that the A-boat endured them all and accomplished her task in spite of them.
One hundred and nineteen hydrographic stations were made with particular
concentration in the Adriatic-Ionian area where work was combined with the
efforts of the Yugoslavian ship 'Bios' in the straits of Otranto, and, in the
Aegean-Cretan Seas in the company of the NATO-operated Italian vessel,
'Aragonese'. It is curious that the number of foreign scientists on the roster
of Cruise 275 exceeded those from the U.S.A. This was not a guest list; each
contributed his part in a cooperative endeavor. Scientists participating were
A. R. Miller, Chief Scientist, C. D. Densmore, R. G. Munns and R. E. Riegel,
all from Woods Hole; P. Tchernia, P. Guibout, and A. de Quay from the Labor-
atoire d'Oceanographie Physique in Paris; A. Skrivanic of the Oceanographic
Institute at Split, Yugoslavia; H. Kolokythas, director of the Greek Hydro-
graphic Service, and A. de Maio of the Naval Institute in Naples. M. Zor-
Amanda of Split was la cheffe de mission aboard the 'Bios'. H. Charnock of
the National Institute of Oceanography and of the SACLANT ASW Research
Center was in charge of the 'Aragonese' with our own John Bruce aboard.

It was said of the 'Atlantis' aboard the 'Aragonese', lying-to in a lee
while her anemometer went off scale: ''Such a small ship! Why does she not
seek a lee?"

Someone responded, "She was built to stay out in deep water no matter
what the weather. It is land that frightens her."

-A. R. Miller

The editor greatly appreciates the messages so many people wrote on their
reply cards. As he went to sea he was unable to answer each individually.

22

Summer Fellows, 1962

OUMMER fellowships continue to be an important part of the educational
program of the Institution. They have been awarded this year as follows:

Barbara Alexander, a junior at Reed College majoring in chemistry, will
work with Dr. Alvin Siegel.

Evelyn Aliferis, a senior at the University of Massachusetts majoring in
zoology, will work with Dr. Vaughan T. Bowen and Dr. Roger Bachmann.

Philip L. Ballard, a graduate student in biochemistry at the University of
Michigan, will work with Dr. Paul C. Mangelsdorf Jr.

Charles Henry Copeland, a junior at the University of Alabama majoring
in chemistry-physics, will work with Dr. William S. Richardson.

Susan Ann de Ropp, a junior at Cornell University majoring in biochemistry,
will work with Mr. Charles S. Yentsch.

Vincent P. V. Flanagan, a graduate student in physics at Cambridge Uni-
versity, will work with Mr. Alfred H. Woodcock and Dr. Duncan
C. Blanchard.

Lois May Fleischer, a junior at Allegheny College majoring in chemistry,
will work with Dr. Max Blumer.

Peter Herring, a senior at Cambridge University majoring in zoology, will
work with Dr. Bostwick H. Ketchum and Dr. George D. Grice, Jr.

David S. Hirschfeld, a junior at Harvard College majoring in biochemical
sciences, will work with Dr. Edward R. Baylor.

Joel Anthony Huberman, a senior at Harvard College majoring in bio-
chemical sciences, will work with Dr. Francis G. Carey.

Eric L. Mills, a graduate student in zoology at Yale University, will work
with Dr. Howard L. Sanders.

Dr. Alvin Nason, McCollum-Pratt Institute, The Johns Hopkins University,
will work with Dr. Stanley Watson and Dr. Ketchum.

Jean M. Noel, a graduate student in geophysics at California Institute of
Technology, will work with Dr. John B. Hersey.

Samuel M. Savin, a graduate student in geochemistry, California Institute
of Technology, will work with Dr. Bowen and Dr. Dayton E. Carritt.

Bert I. Shapiro, a senior at Swarthmore College majoring in zoology, will
work with Dr. John M. Teal.

John H. Steele, of the Marine Laboratory in Aberdeen, Scotland, and the
Institute of Marine Science at the University of Miami, will work with Dr.
John H. Ryther and Mr. L. V. Worthington.

Fellowships have also been awarded to six of the group who will take part
this summer in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Course, under the direction
of Dr. George Veronis and Dr. Melvin E. Stern. They are:

Peter J. Bryant, a graduate student in applied mathematics at University of
Cambridge.

James Reed Holton, a graduate student in meteorology at Massachusetts
Institute of Technology.

Joseph Pedlosky, a Ph.D. candidate at the International Meteorological Insti-
tute in Stockholm.

H. Thomas Rossby, a Ph.D. candidate in the department of applied mathe-
matics at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.
Pierre Souffrin, a graduate student at Institut d'Astrophysique in Paris.

Roger Terry Williams, a doctoral candidate in meteorology at the University
of California, Los Angeles.

23

In addition, the following students will take part in a course in Observational
Physical Oceanography, under the direction of Dr. Arthur D. Voorhis:

Yanglai Cho of the physics department at Vassar College.

Robert C. Clarke Jr., a junior majoring in chemistry at Harvey Mudd College.

Robert C. Elvander, a graduate student in meteorology and oceanography at
New York University.

William D. Nathan, a junior majoring in mathematics at Hiram College.

Everett C. Nickerson, a senior majoring in meteorology at University of

California, Los Angeles.

Roger J. Breeding, a senior majoring in physics at Wesleyan University.
John H. Schwarz, a senior majoring in mathematics at Harvard University.

Associate Director is Named

DR. BOSTWICK H. KETCHUM,
a member of our research staff
since 1940 (and author of several
OCEANUS articles), has been named
Associate Director of Biology and
Chemistry, a new position at the
Institution.

Dr. Ketchum has been Senior
Oceanographer since 1954, having
previously held positions of Associate
Marine Biologist, Marine Microbiolo-
gist and Senior Biologist. A graduate
of Bard College and Columbia Uni-
versity, he received his Ph.D. from
Harvard University, after spending

three summers at the Institution on
a graduate fellowship. Before joining
our staff he worked at the Biological
Laboratories at Harvard and taught
biology at Long Island University.

In addition to his work at the
Institution, he is a lecturer on bio-
logical oceanography at Harvard and
has served on many national com-
mittees. Among them are the Na-
tional Academy of Sciences Commit-
tee on Atomic Radiation in Relation
to Oceanography, Marine Biology and
Fisheries; the American Institute of
Biological Sciences Committee on
Hydrobiology; the National Science
Foundation Advisory Panel for En-
vironmental Biology; and the Advis-
ory Screening Committee for Biology
and Agriculture for awards under
the Fulbright and Smith-Mundt acts.
He has been consultant to the U.S.
Public Health Service since 1953 and
has taken part in several interna-
tional meetings, including the Second
International Conference on Peaceful
Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva in
1958. He has served as vice president
of the Ecological Society of America
and as president of the American
Society of Limnology and Oceanog-
raphy.

Despite all this, he has also been
very active in local civic affairs. He
has been a town meeting member
(Falmouth has a representative town
meeting) for 12 years, is on the Town
Committee on Fluoridation of Drink-
ing Water and has been president of
both the Woods Hole Civic Associa-
tion and the Woods Hole Child
Center.

24

MBL WHO1 LIBRARY

UH 17Z1 F

Associates' News

M.

.ORE than 800 Associates, wives and friends attended a highly successful
series of three Associates' dinner meetings during the first week in May.
Wilmington on Monday, New York on Tuesday and Boston on Thursday made
it a hectic week for Dr. Fye, Ronald Veeder, Homer Ewing and of course, for
the principal speaker of all three evenings, Dr. John C. Lilly, Director of the
Communication Research Institute of St. Thomas, V. I., and author of the book
"Man and Dolphin".

Dr. Lilly used colored slides, motion pictures and tape recordings to illus-
trate his studies of dolphins, their ability to communicate with each other and
the likelihood that they may some day communicate with man. Most of the
pictures showed a bottle-nosed dolphin named Elvar-- who has become very
much of a Lilly household pet - - reacting to various human actions. The
sound track reproduced Elvar's response to spoken words; Dr. Lilly noted that
an optimist — and he is one — could detect a real similarity in the two sounds.

Dr. Fye also spoke briefly at each meeting, to describe the work of the
Institution during the past year. He stressed particularly the role of the
Associates in helping to provide funds for fellowships and other educational
efforts at Woods Hole.

LHE

ASSOCIATES of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is a group
of individuals, corporations and other organizations who, because of their love
for the sea and interest in science and education, support and encourage the
research and related activities of the Institution.

Membership dues in the Associates are as follows:

Member $50

Contributing Member $100

Patron $500

Life Member $1,000

Corporate Member $1,000

Sustaining Corporate Member $5,000 or more.

All contributions and dues are tax deductible to the extent provided by law.

HOMER H. EWING, President

RONALD A. VEEDER, Executive Assistant

VOL V(\\, No. 4, June 1962

DESIGN OF OUR NEW RESEARCH VESSEL
by Jonathan Leiby

THE RAVAGES OF TIME

SOME OF THE SHIPS

STILL VERY MUCH IN USE

BOUND FOR NEW CAREERS

ATLANTIS CRUISE #275

FELLOWSHIPS

ASSOCIATES'. NEWS

BACK COVER

Published by the

WO

CEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION

WOODS HOLE, MASSACHUSETTS