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BY HENRY BRADLEY
HON. M.A. OXO\ ., HON. I ll.D. IIKTIiKUlKKO FELLOW OK THK BRITISH ACADI MV.
PREFACE TO THE LETTER M.
THE portion of the Dictionary which treats of the words beginning with M contains 1 2,988 Main words,
2,986 Special Combinations explained under these, 6,422 Subordinate entries, and 3,636 Obvious Combina
tions ; in all 26,032 words. Of the Main words, 2,838 arc marked f as obsolete, and 866 are marked || as
alien or not fully naturalized.*
Etymologically considered, the words beginning with M form a typical portion of the English vocabulary.
every one of the many sources of our composite language being represented, while none is "overwhelmingly
predominant. The words inherited from Old English are relatively less numerous than in some other letters,
but some of them occupy unusually large space in the Dictionary on account either of their great variety of
senses and applications, or of the multitude of their combinations. Among them is the verb make, the article-
on which fills eleven pages, and would have been much longer if every subtle variety of meaning had been
explained and illustrated. Other native words of importance are man, meet vb., mind sb. and vb., moon,
month, mother, much, more, most. The articles on the pronouns me, mine, my, myself, and the auxiliaries may
and must, contain much that is instructive as bearing on the history of English syntax and idiom. The
Scandinavian element is very sparsely represented, chiefly by words of local or dialectal currency, such as
marram, mangh, may (a maiden) ; but there are also meek, mire, and a few other words in general use. The
Latin and French derivatives surpass the native words both in number and in the amount of space required for
their treatment, and a very large proportion of them have an interesting history. Such instances as manner,
market, master, matter, measure, medicine, memory, mend, mischief, mission, mode, model, moment, monster,
mount vb., move, movement, multiply (to mention only a few of the more prominent) show how indispensable
a part of the word-store of modern English has come from French. Greek derivatives are present in
more than average proportions. Besides those which were introduced in the Middle Ages through the
medium of Latin and French, such as magic, mathematics, metaphysics, muse sb. 1 , music, mystery, there are
many later formations, especially with the prefixes mega-, mcso-, met a-, micro-, miso-, mono- ; and the words
beginning with my- are also mainly of Greek origin. Of words from Celtic there arc nearly a score, but few,
if any, of them would be recognized as familiar by Englishmen generally. The adoptions from Continental
Teutonic, and from Italian and Spanish, are somewhat numerous. One very characteristic feature of the
M portion of the Dictionary is the multitude of words from Oriental, African, Australian, and American
languages. It may be noted that in Arabic ma-, mi- (or me-], and ;//- (or mo-) are prefixes forming participia
and other derivatives ; formations of this kind, which have been adopted into English from Arabic through
the medium either of European or Indian languages, are macrame, magazine, mahal, marabout, Maugrabi
minaret, miskal, Mofnssil, monsoon, Moslem, mosque, Mosarabic, muezzin, mufti, mullah, musellim. Mussulman
As the sound of the letter M is one that lends itself easily to echoic use, the number of onomatopa-ic words
with this initial is considerable.
Among the many words the etymology of which is here more fully or more accurately treated than
in other English dictionaries are macaronic, mad-apple, madrepore, maelstrom, magic lantern, major sb. 1 ,
malignant, malmsey, mammon, mammoth, melanochroi, menstruum, meter sb. 3 , methyl, middling, minus, minute,
mire sb. 1 and sb. 2 , mire-drum, miss sb. 1 , mix vb., mohair, moor vb. 1 , mother sb.-, mould sb. 2 , moxa, muckender,
mustachio, mutton, mystery.
The material for MA- was sub-edited (before 1888) and subsequently revised (before 1900) by Mr. Joseph
Brown, M.A., of the Grammar School, Kendal, who has since sub-edited some part of S, and is now working
J ; ME- and Ml- were sub-edited in 1884-5 by the late Rev. T. Sheppard, Exeter College, Oxford ; Mo-
to MOND- in 1885 by the late Hon. and Rev. S. W. Lawley, Spurfield, Exminster ; MONE- to MUCK- by the
late Mr. J. Anderson, Markinch, Fife ; and the remainder of the letter (MUCH to the end) in 1894 by the late
Rev. J. Smallpeice, M.A., then of St. Bees. In 1899-1904 the whole of the material from ME- to MYX-, which in
the interim had more than doubled in quantity, was laboriously re-subedited by Mr. James Bartlett B A
Cloverlea, Bramley, near Guildford.
Among those who have rendered help of various kinds in the later stages of preparation of this portion of
:tionary, it is fitting to mention in the first place three honoured workers who are no longer livin^ to
the grateful acknowledgement which is their due. Lord Aldenham. who had been a zealous and able
illaborator in the work from its beginning, continued, in spite of his advanced age, to read the proofs and
i valuable suggestions, until very shortly before his death. Dr. W. Sykes, F.S.A, who died in
er, 1906, had read the proofs for the greater portion of the letter M, supplying a great number of
For tl-e letter M the comparative scale of this work and of certain other Dictionaries is shown by the following figures :
Cassell s
Johnson. (tocludmg the Century Diet. Funk s Standard . Here.
Supplement).
\\ ords recorded o nnn
Words illustrated by quotations *g ^ "% 3 * 6 >3*
Number of quotations 5> * 6l , , ^
The number of quotations in the M part of Richardson s Dictionary is 5,121.
PREFACE TO THE LETTER M.
additional instances of the words relating to medicine and the kindred sciences. Mr. E. L. Brandreth, whose
abundant work for the Dictionary has been acknowledged in the prefaces to former issues, had latterly devoted
himself to the verification at the British Museum of quotations from works not accessible in Oxford, a service
which since his death has been performed by Mr. W. W. Jenkinson. In the revision of the proofs continued
aid has been received from Mr. A. Caland, of Wageningen, Holland, the Rev. Canon Fowler, D.C.L., of Durham,
Mr. H. Chichester Hart, the Rev. Professor Skeat, and the Rev. W. B. R. Wilson, of Dollar. For information
on etymological questions thanks are due to Professors Margoliouth, Morfill, Napier, and Wright, of Oxford ;
Prof. A. Salmon, of Reading ; Hr. Verner Dahlerup, of Copenhagen ; Dr. A. Kluyver, of Leiden ; and
Mr. J. Platt, jun., whose extensive researches into the history of words from American Indian and other remote
languages have been of great service. In the explanation of scientific terms valuable aid has been received
from Professors Clifton and Love, Dr. V. H. Veley, Mr. A. E. Jolliffe, and Mr. C. Leudesdorf, of Oxford,
and Prof. Sylvanus Thompson, of London. Among others who have rendered help on special points are
Professors Bywater and Robinson Ellis, of Oxford ; Sir W. R. Anson, Bart. ; Sir Howard Elphinstone, Bart. ;
Mr. Horace Hart, M.A., Controller of the Oxford University Press ; Mr. E. W. Hulme, of H.M. Patent Office ;
Sir F. Pollock, Bart. ; Mr. W. H. Stevenson, M.A., of St. John s College, Oxford ; Mr. R. J. Whitwell,
B.Litt.. Oxford ; Mr. J. Maitland Anderson, St. Andrews University ; and Mr. C. W. Ernst and
Mr. Albert Matthews, of Boston, U.S.A. The constant assistance of Dr. F. J. Furnivall has, in this as in
all former parts of the work, been of inestimable value. Special thanks are also due to Bodley s Librarian,
Mr. Falconer Maclan, Mr. A. E. Cowley, and the staff of the Bodleian Library generally; and to the Editor of
Notes and Queries and the many correspondents of that periodical who have furnished replies to inquiries.
The members of the editorial staff who have been engaged on M are : Mr. Walter Worrall, B.A.,
Mr. C. T. Onions, M.A. (who has specially prepared the portions containing the words beginning with Mis-,
Mnlti-, and My-}, Mr. W. J. Lewis, Mr. H. J. Bayliss, Mr. James Dallas, Mr. G. R. Carline, and Miss
E. S. Bradley.
OXFORD. JULY, 1908. HENRY BRADLEY.
ADDITIONS AND EMENDATIONS.
Machit, v.ir. of MKSQUITA 2 .
Macute. The Rev. \V. Ilolman Bentley, writing from the Congo Free
State, informs us that makuta is the plural of *ekuta, and denotes
a bundle of ten mats of palm-fibre, still used as currency north of the
Congo near the French frontier. Elsewhere the word survives (inly as
the name of the Angola penny piece or its value. Mr. Bentley says
that it is derived from a Congo verb kuta to tie, now obsolete, but
preserved in the reversing form kutuhtfa to untie.
Mademoiselle. Earlier example : 11450 Knt. de la Tour (iS6^)
1 26 Madamoiselle ! y praie you that ye ansuere not vnto this fole.
Mag-hoore, obs. variant of MOGUL.
Mag-netician. Example: 1854 Percira s Polarized Light (ed. 2}
65 The electrician and the magnetician have assumed, respectively, an
electric and a magnetic fluid.
Mahone. Earlier example : 1572 MALIM in HaMuyts Voy. (1599)
II. I. 122 Great Hulkes called Maones.
Maidfeloun, obs. variant of MATFELLON.
Maim sl>. Earlier example : c 1475 J arlenay 6356 That mariage
no mahyme to his kinred.
Main-brace ". Earlier example : 1680 Sin J. FOULIS Accl. Ilk.
13 Aug. (Sc. Hist. Soc.) 487 To James Wilson, sadler, for . . helping
y" main braces.
Mainmort. Earlier example : 1387 TREVISA HigJcn (Rolls) VIII.
265.
Maiolica, var. form of MAJOLICA.
Man rf.i ij. The view that CHESS-MEN originated as a corruption
of chess-meinie is untenable, the word for (chess-)man in AH. being
regularly horn. Earlier instances of man in this sense are : c 1400
Beryn 1820 The Bnrgeyse seid : comyth nere ! ye shul se )is man,
How he shall be matid, with what man me list ! He drouje, & seyd
chek mate ! c 1440 Gesta Rom. xxi. 71 (Harl. MS.) The first man,
)>at goth afore hath not but oo poynt, but whenne he goth aside, he
takith ano}>er. . . The secund, scil. alphyn, renneth iij poyntes both
vpward and donneward.
Mandarin i b. Earlier example : 1 791 EosvfELLjo/msm (cd. Hill)
I. 31 From a man so still and so tame . . conversation could no moiv l,e
expected, than from a Chinese mandarin on a chimney-piece.
Mandragne. Add etymology : Corruptly a. F. madragtte.
Mandrake 3. Earlier example : 1836 Backwoods of Canada 248
There is a plant in our woods, known by the names of man-drake, may-
apple, and duck s-foot.
Mangy a. i. Earlier example : 1526 SKELTON Magnyf. (E.E.T.S.)
1123 Fol. In faythe, there is not a better dogge. . . Fan. Ye, but trowest
thou that he be not maungey /
fMantist. Obs. [f. Gr. iiavTis + -jsi.~\ A seer, prophet. 1588 J.
HARVEY Disc. Probl. \. 84 Without which felicitie, neither Persian
Magician . . nor Athenian Mantist . . shall euer passe with me for a
prophet.
Manumotive. Earlier example : 1825 Mech. Mag. V. 97 (heading)
Idea for a manumotive carriage.
Maracaibo. Earlier example : 1843 HOLTZAPFFEL Turning I. 94
Maracaybo is a furniture wood of moderate size, as hard as good
mahogany, and in appearance between it and tulip-wood.
Marble sb. 3. Earlier example : 1671 SALMON Syn. Med. III. 474
The reducing of an}- thing into a fine powder, by grynding it on a Marble.
Margent sb. 2. Additional form and earlier quot. : 1432-50
tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 41 Y schalle purpulle the mariantes [TREVISA
margyns] .. with a dowble ordre of yeres.
Mariner i b. See also MASTER sbl 29. Mariner portage (in
MARINER 4) : Delete the explanation ; see PORTAGE.
Maritime. Add form and quot.: 1654 EARL MONM. tr. Benti-
voglio s Wars Flanders 56 One of the most considerable Towns of all
the Maretine part.
Mark j^. 1 n i. Earlier quot. : 1625 B. JONSON Staple of News IV.
iv, Were he a learned Herald, I would tell him He can giue Armes,
and markes.
Marriage 8. Earlier example of marriage-rites : 1621 BRATHWAIT
A r alttrcs Embass., Sheph. Tales Egl. ii. 198 For I your patience might
wrong, To stand vpon these marriage rites too long. According to
modern editors marriage rite or rites should be read in SHAKS. Pericles
iv. Gower 17, where the first Quarto (1608) has Euen right for
marriage sight .
Masse(u)ger(e, -inger(e, obs. forms of MESSENGER.
Massy a. 5. The following quot. should have been given : 1632
MILTON Pcnseroso 158 With antick Pillars massy proof.
Master-hunt in MASTER sbl 28. Read master-hunt [see HUNT
st. 1 "], a head huntsman and transfer to 29, adding the following earlier
instance: c 1369 CHAUCER Dethe Blaunche 375 (Fairf. MS.) The
mayster hunte anoon fote hole With a gretc home blewe thre mote.
Mere <z. 2 i c. Earlier example : c 1400 MAUNDEV. (Roxb.) xxv. 1 16
liringand cowpez of gold full of meere mylk.
Mesqnital. Earlier example : 1477 CAXTON Dictes 58 b, Somme
men sayc that legmon is buried in a town called karauelle bitwene the
mesquitte & the marche.
Mickle;>. Additional example :a i22$Ancr. R. 182 Sicnesse . . halt
ine edmodnesse & mucheleS J>e medc.
Minute rf.l 7. To the definitions of minute-hell, -gun, add : used
as a sign of mourning or distress .
Montanous a. Earlier example : 1658 ROWLAND tr. Moufefs
Thcat. Ins. 947 Jlombilophagits, is a Fly, montanous, big, very black.
Moot v. 1 i. Quots. 1642 ff. probably do not belong to this word :
see MUTE ii. z
Moqnet. Delete this article, and substitute : Moqnet, obs. var.
MUGGET 2.
Morhwell. The word (tnorliuer) is quoted as English by Rondelet
De Pise. Mar., 1554, p. 280.
Motional a. Earlier quot. : 1679 tr - Willis Pharmac. Rationales
I. i. ii. 7 This Coat contains manifold orders of motional Fibres.
Motor sb. i a. (a] The explanation given is erroneous ; read : in
mediaeval astronomy, = PRIMUM MOBILE i .*
Moustache 6. Mustache monkey occurs in Pennant Syn Quadrup
1771, p. 114.
M.
M(em), the thirteenth letter of the modern
and twelfth of the ancient Homan alpha
bet, represents historically the Greek mu and the
Semitic mem. The Phoenician form of the letter
is v ^, whence the early Gr. and L. ^ , |w, M. Its
phonetic value has varied little ; in Kng. it has
always expressed what was doubtless its original
sound, that of the bilabial nasal consonant, which
is normally voiced, though when it is followed by
an unvoiced consonant it has an unvoiced ending.
Like the other nasals, m is capable of being used
as a sonant or vowel, denoted by ( m) in the pho
netic notation here employed ; but in Eng. this
occurs only after S and z at the end of words (of
Gr. etymology), as rhythm, spasm, schism, and
the suffix -ism; in these words many speakers
substitute (-am). The letter is never silent, exc.
initially before n in Gr. derivatives, as mnemonic.
I. 1. The letter and its sound.
e 1000 .^LPHIC Gram. iii. (Z.) 6 Semii ocales syndon seofau :
f, I, m, n, r, s, x. 1530 PALSGR. Introd. 17 These thre letters
M, N or E fynalK.be the very and onely causes why these
thre vowelles A, E, O, be formed in the brest and sounded
by the nose, a 1637 B. JoxsoN ftng. Grant, iv, M . . is
pronounc d with a kind of humming inward, the lips clos d.
Open, and full in the beginning : obscure in the end : and
meanly in the midd st. 17x0 STEELS & ADDISON TatlerNo.
260 F 5 Which Would . . pronounce the Letters M or N and
in short, do all the Functions of a Genuine and Natural
Nose. 1727-41 CHAMBERS Cycl. s.v., Ouintilian observes,
that the M sometimes ends Latin words, but never Greek.
1854 BUSIINAN in Circ. Sci. (c 1865) I. 288/1 The mouth is
closed by the lips while in is pronounced. 1900 Pilot 3 Mar.
28 The middle stage of the evolution of the eagle, namely,
its transformation from the Gothic M to the fleur-de-lis.
b. M roof : see quot. 1825.
1797 Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) II. 246/2 Fig. 2. Exhibits an M
root. 1825 J. NICHOLSON Operat. Mechanic 573 In roofs of
rectangular buildings, .a valley is introduced, which makes
the vertical section in the form of the letter M, or rather an
inverted W; hence it has obtained the name of an M roof.
1842-59 GWILT Encycl. Archil. Gloss.
2. Printing. KM. Comb, m-thiek : see quot.
1683 MOXON Meclt. Exerc., PrintingiCm. i Some [types]
are m thick ; by m thick is meant m Quadrat thick, which
is just so thick as the Body is high. 1868 Daily Kcu s
10 Aug., Compositors are allowed 60 cents per thousand m s
(not reckoning by n s as in England). 1892 Academy 3 Sept.
199/3 (advt.), 49,000 American ems (equal to 98,000 English
ens) were set in eight hours.
II. Symbolical uses.
3. Used like the other letters of the alphabet to
denote serial order ; applied e.g. to the thirteenth
(or more usually the twelfth, either I or J being
often omitted) group or section in classification,
the twelfth sheet of a book or quire of a MS., etc.
1850 FOBSHAI.I, & MADDEN H yclif s Bible Pref. 20 The
MS. M (Queen s Coll. 23!. 1899 Blackw. Mag. Sept. 354/1,
I to M are the most original passages of the hymn. 1900
Dundee Advert. 21 Mar. 5, M Battery Royal Horse
Artillery.
4. The Roman numeral symbol for : A thousand.
(In the i5-i6th c. it could be substituted for the numeral
word in any context ; it is now rare exc. in dates.)
1412-20 LYDG. Citron. Troy i. ix, There came .. seuen M
kmghtes. 1535 COVERDALE Judg. xii. 6 There fell of
Ephraim two & fortye M. 1353 Short Catcch. 62 I), We be
feble, weake.subiect to a thousand periles, a M. temptations
1603 OWEN Pembrokeshire (1892) 139 The M of oysters at
the waterside is vsuallie sold for x d or xij d .
III. 5. Abbreviations.
M. = various proper names, as Mark, Margaret,
etc. ; f = Majesty ; used in ancient criminal pro
cedure (see qnots. 1487, 1727-41) ; = Member, as
m M.P. (q. v .\ M.C., Member of Congress (U.S.],
M.R.C.P., Member of the Royal College of Phy
sicians, M.R.C.S., Member of the Royal College
of Surgeons; Mas. = metronome ; Math. = modu
lus ; (M. or m.) in astronomical tables, etc. = meri
dian or meridional ; also (after the numeral twelve)
-L. meridies noon (cf. A.M., P.M.) ; m. = mass,
in Meek. ; - molar, in dental formula? ; = minute,
metre (mm. = millimetre) ; in log-books = mist ;
Mas. = It. mono or F. main (as memo Astra,
mam droite, right hand), mezzo (as ;/= mezzo-
forte), in organ music, manual. See also M.B..
M.D., MS.
1487 Act 4 Hen. VII c. 13 Every suchepersone so convicted
for murdre to be marked with a M. upon the brawne of the
lefte JllV^ nkf 5 ? 1 J- HAMILTON in Cath. Tract. (S. T. S.)
VOL. VI.
day. M, in law, the brand or stigma of a person convicted
of manslaughter, and admitted to the benefit of clergy.
1840 K. II. DAXA Bcf. Mast xxxiv. 129 At twelve M., it
bore N.W. i N. 1869 D. <>. ROSSETJI in Mackail If.
Mam s (1899) I. 204 The Ms [ = Morrises] at Ems.
b. Abbreviation for MASTER: f(n) generally,
and as a conventional title of address or mention
= the later MISTKB, MR. Phr. To /tare (or carry)
an M under one s girdle : to use a respectful prefix
(Mr., Mrs.) when addressing or mentioning a person.
(ff) Used for master or the L. magister in academ
ical degrees, as M.A. or A.M. (magistcr artium],
Master of Arts; M.Ch. (magister chintrgi.v .
Master of Surgery ; ^also in M.C., Master of the
ceremonies ; M.K.H., Master of fox-hounds.
n 1540 BARNES ll is. (1573) 349/1 Our M. Christ teaching
al creatures to pray. 1549 1. at inter s ^nd Serin. bcf. Edu<. [ 7
To Kdr. lArb.) 52 The deuourer of townes and countrycs a,
M. Latimer tearmeth them rightly, a 1553 UDAI.I. Rtystei-
D. III. iii. (Arlj.) 48 If faire tine niistres.se distance sawi:
you now Ralph Royster Doister were hir ownc I warrant
you. A*. Royster. Neare an M by your girdle? 1553 ]- .i,i \
1 reat. tVenv hid. (Arb.) 39 Where .. the M. Pilate of ibis
name lost his shippe. 1579 E. K. Spenser s Sheph. I a/.
Epistle, Postscr., Now I trust, M. Harvey, that [etc-]. 1596
Si ENsr.R Prothaleunion (heading, The two worthie Gentle-
men M. Henry Gilford, and M. William Peter, Esqnyeis.
1605 H. JON-SON, etc. East. Hoe ! iv, Quick. Must Goldin;,
sit upon us? Con. You might carry an M under your girdle.
to Mr. Deputy s worship. 1712 Great Britons llimycoutic
(M.S.) (N.i, What, plaine Budwaies ! have you nere an M.
under your girdle. 1730-6 BAII.EV (folio), M, is an abbrevia
tion of Magistcr, as A/..-1 . or,-?..]/. Magister Artium, i.e.
MaSterofArts. 1738 SWIFT Pol. Contvrsat. \. 28 Vou iniri.t
have an M under your Girdle, Miss. 1811 BYRON Hints ji.
Horace 240 He., retires M.A. ; Master of arts 1 iSiSScorr
Old Mart, xxi.v, Ye might hae had an M under your belt
for Mistress Wilson of Milnwood. 1843 SURTEES llandlcv
Cross I. v. 92 The loose riding M.C. sitting like the Drunken
Hussar at the circus. Ibid. II. vii. 147 First public day as
an M.F.H. 1869 BRAUWOOB O. V. H. I. iii. 33 He was
not the man to violate modesty by proposing himself to a
nearly strange Hunt as a new M.F.H.
II C. = MONSIEUR (q.v.) as prefixed title.
M-, a clipped form of ME sometimes found in
Middle English before vowels.
C 393 CHACCER Scogait 36, I mexcuse. 1426 I.vnn. !>,
Gltil, Pilgr. 9802 Out off my shyp make maryue.
-m, in I ii = I am : see HE v., A. I. i.
JILSi (ma). A childish and colloquial shortening
of MAMMA. Now often ridiculed as vulgar.
[1823 Moon Suffolk Words s.v. Pa, It is sometimes rather
comic to hear a great chuckle-headed lout /<i<z-ing his
father or ntfia-mg his mother.] 1829 Censor 225 Those
exhibitions, though affording wonderous delight to afi er-
tionate J as and Af.is, are productive of the most injurious
results to their children. 1829 LYTTON Disentitled 20 How
could he admire that odious cap of Ma s. 1836 T. HOOK
C. Gitrney I. 196 Gussy, as her ma called her. 1885 F.
ANSTEY Tinted i enits 119, I ve got to dine with aunt and
meet Matilda and her ma.
Ma., obs. abbreviation of MAJESTY, MASTKB.
1579 E. K. fifenier s Slieph. Cal. Epistle, Myne owne
good friend Ma. Harvey. 1605 BACON Adi . Learn, n. To
King i Since wee have so bright and benigne a starre, as
your Ma: to conduct and prosper us.
Ma: see MAKK v., MAY v., ME, Mo, MY.
Maa, obs. f. MAKE v. ; var. Mo Obs., more.
Maac, maad : see MAKE v.
Maakins, variant of MACKIN(O)S.
fMaal. Obs. rare- 1 . Wyclif s transl. of L.
maluin apple, taken by him to mean fir-tree, by-
confusion with mCihis mast (see quot.).
1382 WVCLIF Joel \. 12 Poumgarnet, and palme tree, and
in.i.il tree, or fir, of whom mastis ben maad.
Maale, obs. form of MAIL.
Maam (mam). A South American bird, the
1825 WATKRTOX H anii. S. A met: 23 The forest contains
an abundance of., niaams, maroudis and waracabas. Ibid.
32 The maam sends forth its plaintive note.
Ma am (mam ; usually unstressed mam, m).
Also 7 mam. In representations of vulgar speech
written marm, mem, mini, mum, m. A collo
quial shortening of MADAM.
1. Used vocatively, as the usual oral equivalent
of MADAM.
Now only used parenthetically or at the end of a sentence.
Formerly the ordinary respectful form of address to a woman
(originally only to a married woman) of equal or superior
rank or station (unless entitled to be called my lady ). The
present tendency is to confine it to the speech of servants or
other persons of markedly inferior position. (Used at Court,
instead of madam, in addressing the Queen or a royal
princess.)
1668 DRYDF.N Evening s Love m. i. (1671) 33 Madam me
no Madam, but learn to retrench your words; and say
Mam ; as yes Mam, and no Mam, as other Ladies Women
said, in a voice which trembled with repressed rage. 1887
</&& xi. 104 What have you been doing? Nothing
mem . 1900 .s/, /,,-, 21 June 324/2 In Thackeray s time every
man ammi K equals of a certain refinement was Sir, and every
W >man Ma am.
2. Prefixed to a surname. Obs. exc L S nil iir
(See MADAM.)
1837 HAI.IIU nn.x Clockm. Ser. i. x, Maim Pugwasli is as
onsartiil in her temper as a mornin in April.
f 3. A person addresseil as ma am , a married
woman. Obs.
1765 Meretriciiid (ed. 6! 43 Or when Mam walks, he, twenty
steps behind. 1779 SHERIDAN Critic \. i, Then to be con
tinually alarmed with mi-sis and ma ams piping hysteric
changes on Juliets, and Dorindas.
4. attrili.; ma am-school I .S.. a dame-school.
1857 S. G. Gi, in -ii Keci ll. Lifetime iv. I. 39, I found
a girl, .keeping a ma am-school for about twenty scholars.
Hence Ma am v. trans., to address as ma am .
1813 Sketches Cliarac. fed. 2) I. 121 Vou should not sir
and ma am people as you do, unless you wish to keep them
at a distance. 1887 ( ,. K. SIMS Mary Jane s Mem. b Don t
ma am me I m a miss. 1889 11. JOIIXSION C/iran. C,len-
Mickiev. 58 Indeed, mem . . . Veneedna " mem " me.. I m
a common body like yoursd .
Ma amselle. Corresponds to F. mam selle,
familiar abbreviation of MAIIEMOISRI.LE.
c 1794-SVvin/; aft. Perfect, i. i. in New Brit, Theatre (1814!
Ill- 37 The first four out of the eleven were ma amselles.
Maand, variant of MAUXD (basket).
Maane, ob. form of MANE.
Maarmor, erron. form of MAOBMOR.
Maas, Maat, obs. forms of MACE, MATE.
I Mab, sb. Olis. [Cf. MAD v. and map, 171)1 c.
form of Mop i/>. also Mali, short for Mabel,]
1. A slattern ; a woman of loose character.
"557-8 "Jacob <$ Ksaii v. vi. (1568) Gj, Come out thou
mother Mab, out olde rotten witche. 1691 RAY A . C. ll ords
47 To Ma/i; to dress carelessly : Mafa are Slatterns. 01700
B. E. Diet. Cant. Crew, Mal>,^ Slattern. Mab d iif, Dre-t
carelesly, like a Slattern. 1725 New Cant. Diet., Mob, or
Mcib, a Wench or Harlot.
2. A mop.
1623 WHITBOI-RXE Xf .i fanntlland 75 Thrummes for Pilch
mabs, ooo//. 01 s. td.
tMab, v. Obs.-" [Belongs to MAR sl>. Cf.
M.vnm.E, Mini vbs.} intr. To dress untidily.
1691, a 1700 [see MAB sl>.\, 1829 BROCKETT K. C. ll ords,
Ma(>, v. to dress carelessly. Hence, Mab-cap, generally
called mnb-caf , n. cap which ties under the chin worn by
elderly women.
t Mabble, v. Ol>s. Also mable. [Cf. MOBI.E
z>.] trans. To wrap or muffle up (the head).
1615 G. SANDYS Tray. 6u Their heads and faces so mabled
in fine linnen, that no more is to be scene of them then their
eyes. Ibid. 148 The elder mabble their heads in linnen.
Mac^mrck). Also MACK. [Irish and Gaelic
mac : OCeltic *makko-s, cogn. w. Welsh mr.b:
O Welsh map: OCeltic *iakivo-s.\ The Gaelic
word for son , occurring as a prefix in many
Scottish and Irish names of Celtic origin, and thus
equivalent to the Eng. suffix -son. Hence : A
person whose name contains the prefix Mac.
The prefix is written also Me, M c , AI ; e. g. Macdonaid,
RlacDonald, McDonald, AFDcnaU, M Donald.
1656 in BLOUNT Glossogr. 1689 [FAREWELL] Irish Hudi-
l>ras 108 The Champions of the Irish Cause, A numerous
b i.
1764
Train of Mac s and O s. 1730 Fm.nixc; Tout Thnmt
iii, Ireland her O s, her Macs let Scotland boast, r, _ T
WILKES Corr. (1805) III. 126 The list of the company tof
the Macs and Sawneys not in the French service) would
divert you. 1828 SCOTT /". M. Perth vi, If the son of some
great Mac or O was to become an artizan. 1830 N. S.
WHEATON Jrnl. 472 A feather or two stuck in his bonnet
denotes his alliance in the ^oth degree with some Highland
Mac. 1887 [see O ,i. 2 ]. 1898 Tit-Bits 21 May 148/1 In the
house of Commons the Macs are numerically strong enough
to form a considerable party of their own.
Iffiac 2 (msek). colloq. Short for MACADAM.
1851 MAYHEW Land. Lal onr II. 197 The Scavengers call
mud all that is swept from the granite or wood pavements, in
contradistinction to mac which is scraped and swept on the
macadamized roads. 1886 Pall Mall G. z Oct. 2/2 The thou
sands of yards of old mac that were taken offthe roads for use
elsewhere.
67
MACABERESQUE.
Mac : see MACK, MAKE T.
Macabaa, -bao, variants of MACCOBOY.
Macaberesque (makabare sk), a. [f. MACA-
J5RE + -t.SQjUE.] MACABRE 2.
1876 Encyd. lirit. V. 104/1 A curious reaction is visible in
the work of Peter Breughel (1510-1570) towards the grotesque
ctial lerie and macaberesque morality of medieval art.
II Macabre (makii br), a. Also 5 Machabree, ;
7 Machabray, 9 Macaber. [The form now usual
represents F. macabre, an error for OF. macabrt,
whence the earlier Kng. forms.
The OF. word occurs first in Jean le Fevre s Respit tie la
Mort (1376), where the author, if he be correctly interpreted
by M. Gaston Paris (Kfliiiania XXIV. 131 , claims to have
written a work called la danse JMacabrf. The etymology
of the word is obscure ; so far as its form is concerned it
nii^ht be a popular corruption of OF. Alacabe = Macca- [
bieus (an example of Judas Macabre has been found),
and in the isth c. the Dance of Death was called chorea
Macha&aontm in Latin (Du Cange cites a liesancon docu- ;
ment of 1453), and Makkabeusdansm Du. M. Gaston Paris, ,
however, thinks ftlacal re may have been the name of the !
artist who painted the picture which suggested the first poem
on the subject.]
1. JJaiise Macabre, also in anglicized forms
f dance of Machabree, -bray (obs.), dance Macaber :
the Dance of Death (see DAXCE // . 6c).
14.. I.YDG. (fitM The daunce of Machabree wherin is
liuely expressed and shewed the state of manne, and howe
he is called at vncertayne tymes by death, and when he
thinketh least theron. Ibia, Prol. iii, I toke on me to
translatc-n all, Out of the Frenche Machabrees diumce. 1598
STOW Siff- . 264 About this Cloysterwas artificially & richly
painted the dance of Machabray, or dance of death, com
monly called the dance of Pauls. 1833 J. DALLAWAV Disc. *
Atrhit. I -ng- J 37 I he Dance of Macabre (Holbein s Dance
of Dentil i was painted on the walls of the cloisters. 1851
I.ONGK. Gold. Leg., Xatir.v. 12 Elsie. What are these paint
ings on the walls around us ? H fitly. The Dance Macaber !
Elsie. What? Henry. The Dance of Death.
2. Characterized by the gruesomeness of the
danse Macabre (see l): applied chiefly to literary
or artistic productions.
1889 A t/it H.THiH 14 Sept. 347/2 One Dance of Death circles
uninterruptedly from end to end. . .The book is macabre, but
unaffectedly macabre. 1892 Speaker 2} Oct. 528/1^ It was
the material representation, .of the ghastly, the grim, and
the macabre which Webster intended. \qoz. Spectator \z Apr.
557 Her habits are bizarre, even macabre.
Macac, variant of MACAQUE.
Macaco ] (makv -ko\ Also 7-8 macaque,
(erron. -guo), 9 macauco, vulgar maccacco, mur-
karker. [a. Pg. macaco monkey, ape (whence
macaquear to ape) ; cited i^in the form macaque)
by Marcgrave Hist. Nat. JJrazil (1648) 227 as
the name used in Congo for this species of monkey.]
1. Originally, a South African monkey incident
ally described by Marcgrave in his Natural His
tory of Brazil, and after him by various writers
on zoology. Subsequently applied to any monkey
of the genus MACACUS (either in its earlier or
later extension) ; = MACAQUE.
(1693 RAY Syn. Aiiim. Quad. etc. 155 Cercopithecus ango-
lensis major, Congensibus Macaquo Marc^r. ] I774GOLDSM.
Kal. Hist. IV. 233 Of the monkiesof the ancient continent,
the first, he [Buffon] describes, is the Macaguo; somewhat
resembling a baboon in size. 1854 BUSHXAN in Circ. Sci.
(c 1865) I. 200/2 In the mandril, pavian, and macacos, mem
branous sacs are observed. 1874 Slang Diet., Murkarkcr,
a monkey, vulgar Cockney pronunciation of Macauco. . .
Jacko Macauco, or Maccacco, as he was mostly called, was
the name of a famous fighting monkey, .who used nearly fifty
years ago to display his prowess at the Westminster Pit.
2. Comb. : macaco-wood, Tococa guiancnsis, a
Brazilian shrub (Cassell); macaco-worm, the larva
of a South American insect, Dermatobia noxialis,
which infests the skin of animals.
1876 Btnedtn i Anim. Parasites viii. 175 A gadfly found
at Cayenne is distinguished by the name of the Macaco
Worm ; it. .usually attacks the skin of oxen and dogs.
Macaco 2 (makj -ko). Also 8 mococo, 8-9
maucauco, 9 niacauco. [a. F. (Buffon) mococo ;
ulterior origin obscure. Cf. MAKI.] A name ap
plied to certain lemurs, esp. to the genus Lemur.
1751 G. EDWARDS Nat. Hist. Birds, etc. iv. 197 The
Maucauco .. is about the Bigness of a middling sized Cat.
1774 GOI.DSM. Xat. I/is!. IV. 239 The last of the monkey
kind are the Makis...T he first of this kind is the Mococo;
a beautiful animal about the size of a common cat, but. .of
Makis, or Macaucos, properly so called, Leiinir. 1840
Ui.YTii ir. Cnviers Anim. Kingd. (1849) 64 The Murine
Macauco (Leinnr iimn mis). 1884 Riverside Nat. Hist.
(1888) I. 228 The Mongoose Lemur, or Woolly Macaco
II Macacus (mHtffWt). PI. macaci (ma-
k^i-soi). [mod.L., ad. F. macaque: see MACAQUE.]
A genus of Old World catarrhine monkeys of the
family Cercopithccidiv ; originally including a great i
number of African and Asiatic species, but now j
restricted to species resembling the bonnet ma-
caque or toque ; a monkey of this genus.
1871 DARWIN Desc. Man I. i. 23 In . . baboons ^and some
species of macacns the upper portions of the ear is slightly
pointed. 1875 Enc_vcl. Brit, II. 152/1 The Macaci present |
2
u* with the most northern forms of apes. 1893 Daily
News 8 June 5/3 A small monkey, a macacus, has been
placed in his cell to keep him [an ourang-outang] company. }
Macadam (mitkre dam). (Formerly with ;
capital M ; also Mac-Adam, M c Adam.)
1. The name of John London M c Adam (1756-
1 836) used attrib. to designate the kind of roadway >
which he invented and the material used in making
it: see MACADAMIZE.
Now apprehended as an attributive use of 2.
1824 Miss MITI--QRD Village Ser. i. 277 We shall see no
more of him [our surveyor]; for the Mac-Adam ways are
warranted not to wear out. 1878 .V. Aiiicr. AYr p . CXXVI.
91 Closet warriors, in coxy studies, with smooth McAdam
roadways before their doors. 1881 Alacnt. Mag. XLIV.
342 All piles of spare macadam material were carefully ,
removed.
2. The material of \vhich a macadamized road
is made.
1826 J. WILSON Noct. Amir. Wks. 1855 I. 178 What a. .
rattle o wheels !. .intolerable aueuch ower the macadam, I
hut Lord hae mercy on us, when you re on the causeway !
1831 MOORE Smnmcr Fete 121 Where never gleam of gas
must dare Gainst ancient Darkness to revolt, Nor smooth ,
Macadam hope to spare The dowagers one single jolt.
1856 FONBLANQUE in Life fy Labours (1874) 520 He may
gravely serve out Macadam for rations, and supply biscuit
for making roads. 1862 Athcnx&m 30 Aug. 268 The drab-
coloured mud of the macadam. 1892 Times 20 Apr. 7/4 It
is broken up into macadam, and forms a f-plendid material |
for making roads.
fig. 1871 R. H. HUTTON Ess. II. 126 He sprinkles a (
little macadam of stony fact along the fair upland path of
his imagination. 1892 Academy 29 Oct. 382/3 It ts an un- |
finished macadam of inverted commas and references.
3. nonce-use as adj. Level as macadam.
CM 845 HOOD St. to Tom M oodgate v, Does that hard,
honest hand now. .tug the oar, a gondolier On smooth Mac
adam seas ?
Macadamite (msekae dfimwt), sfr.smda. Now
rare or Obs. [f. MACADAM + -ITK,]
A. si. One who practises or advocates M c Adam s !
system of road-making.
1821 Monthly Mag. LII. 104 Some incidental remarks of |
mine in a paper I sent you in May last, have caused the !
Mackadamites to throw some of their spare dirt about. |
1839 MURCHISON Silttr. Syst. i. xxxix. ^35 In certain i
districts, .they [boulders] are fast disappearing through the !
labours of the Mac.idamites.
B. adj. 1 ertaining to M c Adam s system of road-
making.
1824 Miss MITFORD Village Ser. i. 276 The Mac- Adamite
enormity of the stony road. 1846 THACKF.KAY Corn/till to
Cairo vii. Wks. 1900 V. 650 Roads were being repaired in
the Macadamite manner.
Macadamization
(Formerly with capital M.) [f. next + -ATION.]
The process, practice, or system of making mac-
adamized roads; rarely r<7rr. a macadamized road. I
Also, the converting of stone into road-metal. *
1824 Loud. Mag. X. 350 Major-Taylorization against Mac-
nihimi/ation any day ! 1824 Newcastle Mag. HI., 97 The
only road in our neighbourhood on which something like
Macadamization has been attempted. 18*5 filackw, Mag. ,
XVII. 87 Along street under the process of Macadamization. i
1826 Miss MIITOKD I illa^e Ser. n. 2 That, .turnpike-road. .
is now so perfect and so beautiful a specimen of Macadam-
i/ation, that [etc.]. 1861 MUSURAVE By-roads 75 Mac-adam-
ization. 1869 BRADWOOD O. I . H, (1870) 184 Miss Warren
. .was cantering down the turf border that fringed the mac-
adamisation. 1871 L. STEPHEN Playgr. Eur. \. (1894) 121
The glacier, .crushed into smaller fragments, producing ..
a kind of incipient macadanmation.
Jig. 1847 Tail s Mag. XIV. 746 So very strange a
macadami/ation of parties has taken place.
Macadamize (msekcc d amsiz) , v. Also :
M Adamise, -ize. [f. MACADAM + -m:.]
1, trans. To make or repair (a road) according
to J. L. M r Adam s system, which consists in
laying down successive layers of stone broken into
pieces of nearly uniform size, each layer being
allowed to consolidate underthe pressureof ordinary
wheel traffic before the next is Inid upon it.
See M c Adani s pamphlet, Remarks on the Present System
of Road- Making (t&. 5, 1822). He did not approve of the !
placing of any kind of foundation under the layers of stone, (
of the use of sand or gravel as binding material, or of the ,
smoothing of the surface by heavy rollers ; though the name I
of macadamizing is now often given to methods in which
some or all of these practices are admitted.
1826 /, ion H nnting 78 The road . . was what we now deemed <
a great luxury, M Adamized, instead of paved. 1828
SOUTHEY To A. Cunningham 23 A street not yet Macadam
ized. 1863 A. C.RAMSAY/ ^yj.GVo.f.f 1 878) 613 Basalts, .are ill ,
adapted for macadamising roads. 1871 1-.. STEPHEN Playgr. -
Eur. (1894) 135 A heap of granite stones prepared for
macadamising a road.
ai sol. 1871 M. COLLINS Mrq. $ Merck. I. vi. 188 There ,
is no hard stone nearer than Mount Sorel, so they mac- :
adamize with something almost as soft as loaf sugar.
b. fig. To render level or even ; to level, raze.
1826 J. SHERMAN in Mem. (1863) 219 Grace indeed
macadamises the road, makes the stones smaller. 1827 JELF
Let. to Pttsey in Liddou, etc. I~if? P. (1893^ I. 117 Your
mind is certainly macadamized ; mine resembles the road
between this [Berlin] and Strelitz. 1829 MARRY AT P. Mild-
way m, The enemy s centre should have been macadamised
by our seven three-deckers. 1842 ORDERSON Crcol. iv. 38
Our. . Bishop has. . macadamized the way for his successor.
1868 PEARD Water-Farm. \\. 14 Each successful labour of
to-day will macadamise the road for to-morrow.
MACAQUE.
2. To convert into road-metal.
1841 J. T. HEWLETT Parish Clerk II. 154 Coarse, thick
slates, that would certainly have been macadamized in these
days as excellent materials for road-making.
b. transf. and fig. To break up (something
hard or figured as being hard) into pieces. ? Obs.
1825 GOOD Study Med. (ed. 2} V. 539 By grinding, or as
we should now perhaps call it macadamizing the stone into
granules. 1825 AVw Monthly Mag. XV. 296 In Macadamiz
ing a few broad, simple, and impressive sounds into passages
of numberless rapid notes, there is no time left for giving the
emphasis required. 1852 SMEDLEY L. Antndel xxxvi. 270
Richard Frere. .devoted himself to that indurated specimen
of the original granite formation,.. and by trying to mac
adamise her into small-talk [etc.J, 1855 //. Coverdalc
i. 2 Fathers have flinty hearts, and even the amenities of
the nineteenth century have failed to macadamise them.
Macadamized (msekse-damaizd), ppl. a. [f.
MAC.VDAMIZK + -ED *.]
1. Of a road (see MACADAMIZE i).
1827 tilackw. Mag. XXI. 791 We were not seen stumbling
even upon a Macadamized road. 1837 Civil Kng, fy Arch.
Jrnl. 1. 1/2 Filled in with broken stones, such as are used for
M Adamized roads. 1861 MUSGRAVE By-roads 282, I found
even a Mac-adamized road, which crosses the plain, miry
enough, in heavy rain. 1889 p. FIXDLAY Eng. Railway 49
A well-constructed macadamized road.
fig. 1827 LYTTON Falkland 45 Neither in person nor in
character was he much beneath or above the ordinary
standard of men. He was one of Nature s Macadamized
achievements. His great fault was his equality. 1863
COWDEN CLARKE Shaks. Char. xi. 291 The hard and mac
adamised road of dry duty and daily labour.
2. Broken up into road-metal. Also (nonce-its^ ,
strewn with broken stones.
1849 CAPT. C. STURT Expcd. Cenir. Austral. I. 238 \Ve
then proceeded . . down the creek, keeping close upon its
banks to avoid the macadamized plains on either side. 18
Times (weekly ed.) 23 Nov. 3/3 Some loose macadamised
stones lying about.
Maca damizer. [f. MACADAMIZE + -EB .]
1. One who makes macadamized roads.
1824 Xrutcastle Mag. 1 1 1. 26 [The paviours] have . . nothing
to do but to transform themselves into Macadamizers. 1864
Reader n June 747/3 Our London macadamise rs go about
their work in a very unscientific way. i3i Instr. Census
Clerks (1885)87 Paviour. ..Macadamiser.
2. One who rides on a macadamized road ; esp.
one who keeps to the roads when hunting.
1832 G. DOWNES Lett. Cont. Countries I. n Our little
Gallic Macadamizer asked one of the Hibernians present
[etc.]. 1838 SURTEES Jorrocks s Jaunts 55 A private road
and a line of gates through fields now greet the eyes of our
M Adarnisers. 1869 BRADWOOD O. J . H. I. xii. 219 Here
come all the roadsters ! growled the latter, as the hounds..
crossed a bye-road along which in the rear clattered some
fifty macadamisers.
Macada inizing, vbl. sb. [-ING *.] The
action of the verb MACADAMIZE; macadam ization.
1851-61 MAYHEW Loml. Labour\\. 181 The macadamiz-
ing of the latter thoroughfare. 1876 PAGE Adv. Text-Bit.
Geol. vii. 136 Their extensive use in causewaying and mac
adamising.
Macadamizing,///. a. [-ING-.] a. That
macadamizes, b. (Cf. MACADAMIZER a,)
1826 HENTHAM in ll estin. Rev. VI. 457 It performs the
function of a Mac-adami/ing hammer, in breaking down the
in the safe pursuit of pleasure, as far as compatible with
macadamising action, nad suddenly espied .. the Maule
carriage.
Macaleb, obs. form of MAHALEB.
Macalive, variant of MACKALLOW Obs.
Macamethe, obs. form of MAHOMET.
II Macaiia (makirna). South American. [Said
by Humboldt to be Haytian.] An ironwood club.
1622 R, HAWKINS I oy. S. Sea 27 (1847) 98 Their armes
for the warre, which is a sword of heavie blacke wood...
They [the Indians of Brazil] call it macana, and it is carved
and wrought with inlayd works very curiously, but his edges
are blunt. Ibid. % 41. 147 Their [the islanders of Mocha,
Chile] weapons are bowes and arrowes and macanas. 1822
SARA COLEHIDGK tr. Dobrizhoffers Hist. Ahif>ones [Para
guay] 1 1. 360 The wooden club, macana. 1861 W. BoUJUUT
tr. P. Simon s Ji.vfied. Aguirre (Hakl. Soc.) xix. 79 Darts
and macanas (a sort of club). [The reference is to Peru.]
t Maca O. Obs. Also makao. [f. the name
of AfacaOj a Portuguese settlement on the coast of
China, noted for gambling. In Fr. macao. Cf.
MACCO.] A gambling game at cards, a kind of
vingt-et-un (Littre).
1778 EARL MALMESBURY Diaries fy Corr. I. 170 Macao,
(a game much in vogue here at present). 1783 H. WAI-POLK
Lett. (1858) VIII. 388 When she wants to play at macao.
1794 C. PIGOT Female Jockey Club 109 We have beheld her
ready to burst with rage, when the consequences have been
against her at Macao. 1827 Sporting Mag. XX. 58 A
diplomatic character and member of a fashionable Club at
Brussels, has been accused of cheating at Macao. 1883
Times n July 7 He consorted much with . . needy players
at . . roulette, makao, and similar games of hazard.
Macao, obs, form of MACAW.
Macaque (maka k). Also 9 macac. [a. F.
macaque^ ad. Pg. macaco : see MACACO 1.]
+ 1. SomeBrazilianspecies of monkey. Obs. rare~ l .
1698 FROGER Voy. 115 We observed two sorts of Monkeys
there [viz. Brazil], which they distinguished by the Names
of Sagovins and Macaques [Fr. orig. Alacaqs}, . .The
Macaques are.. of a brown Colour.
MACARISM.
2. A monkey of the genus MACAGC8.
1840 HLYTH tr. Cuvier s Anim. Kingd. (1849) 5& Tta
Macaques (jVt,YZ//.y, Desm. I. /^zV.sgThe Bonneted Macaque
(J/. Sinicus). Ibid., The Pig-tailed Macaque. . .The Bl&ck
Macaque. \&]$Kncycl. Brit. \\. 152/1 The Thibet Macaqtm
(Macacus tkikelawis}. 1878 BROWNING Z,t Siiisiaz 590
\Viiat though monkeys and macaques Gibber* Byron i 1885
E. BALFOUR Cycl. /<//a(ed. 3) II. 753/2 Macacus cynomol-
gus, common macac.
Macare, obs. form of MAKEK.
Macarisill (ma,"kariz m). rare. Also ma-
kariam. [ad. Or. paKapiffp-os, f. ftaieapifctv : see
next and -JSM.] a. (See quot. 1818-60; and cf.
next vtO b. = BEATITUDK 2.
1818-60 WHATELY Comn/pl. Bk. 11864) 25 note, The words
1 felicitate and * congratulate are used only in application to
events, which are one branch only of macarism . Ibid. 28
To admiration, contempt seems to be the direct contrary ;
censure to commendation ; pity to macarism. a 1860 J. A.
ALEXANDER Gos/>. Mattk. (1861) no A series of beatitudes
or macarisms [Footnote, /j-oncapitr/xos], so called from the
word with which they severally open. 1882 A. B. BKUCE
Parab. Teach. Christ 380 The makarisms and woes with
which Luke s version of the Sermon on the Mount begins.
i88<j Kingd. God In trod. 10 Luke s .. form of the ma-
carisrns \
IVCacarize (markaroiz), v. rare. Also ma-
carise, makarize. [f. Or. ftaJcapifttVj f. f^nnap
happy : see-lZE.] trans. To account or call happy
or blessed (cf. quot. 1816-60).
1816-60 WHATKLY Commit. Bk. (1865) 9 A man is admired
for what he is, macarized for what he has, praised for what
he does. Ibid. (1864) 25 If _a man possess a genius, or a
person that is admirable, he is himself admired ; but not if
he has an admirable horse or house ; the sentiment we feel
towards him is of a different nature, and we have no English
word to express it ; so much are we at a loss as to resort to
the word envy . I should like to introduce the word ma-
carise . 1840 ARNOLD Let. in Stanley Life <y Corr. (1844)
II. ix. 227 Therefore I macarize you the more, for having
both an inherited home, and in a county and part of the
county per se delightful, a 1871 GROTE Eth. l- ragin. v.
(1876) 177 No man praises happiness, as he praises justice,
but macarises (blesses) it as something more divine and
better.
Macaron, variant of MACAROON.
Macaroni (mjekar^-ni). PI. -ies. Also 6-9
maccaroni, 8 mac(e)arone, makarony, 9 mack-
erouy. [a. It. /naccarom (flono 1598), earlier form
of maccheronl ^Florio 1611) pi. of maccheront\
the ulterior etymology is obscure.
Some scholars have suggested connexion with Gr. na.ita.pta,
explained by Hesychius to mean a sort of barley-broth.
Diez regarded the word as a derivative of It. maccare to
bruise, crush.]
1. A kind of wheaten paste, of Italian origin,
formed into long tubes and dried for use as food.
The same Italian paste is prepared also in the form of
VERMICELLI, q.v.
1599 13. JONSON Cynthia s Rev. n. i, He doth Iearne..to
eat senchouies, maccaroni, bouoli, fagioli, and cauiare. 1750
CHESTEKF. Lett. (1792) II. 345 You would do very well to
take one or two such sort of people home with you to
dinner everyday; it would be only a little mincstra and
macaroni the more. 1769 MRS. RAPFALU Eng. llousekpr.
(1778) 285 To dress Macaroni with Parmesan Cheese. 1813
SIR H. DAVY Agric. Chem. (1814) 142 The wheat of the
south of Europe, in consequence of the larger quantity of
gluten it contains, is peculiarly fitted for making macaroni.
i8zs LVTTON Zicci 45 Merton had heard much of the excel
lence of the macaroni at Portici. 1893 Spectator 10 June
768 A Sicilian sawyer fed on macaroni and melons.
2. a. Hist, An exquisite of a class which arose
iu England about 1760 and consisted of young
men who had travelled and affected the tastes and
fashions prevalent in continental society, b. dial.
A fop, dandy.
[This use seems to be from the name of the Macaroni Club,
a designation prpb. adopted to indicate the preference of the
inembersfpr foreign cookery, macaroni being at that time little
eaten m England. There appears to be no connexion with
the transferred use of It. maccheronc in the senses block
head, fool, mountebank , referred to in 1711 by Addison
Sped. No. 47 p 5.]
[1764 H. WALPOLEZ.C/. Earl Hertford 6 Feb. (1857) IV.
178 The Maccaroni Club (which is composed of all the
travelled young men who wear long curls and spying,
glasses).] ^ 1764 Let. Ear t Hertford ? 7 May Ibid. 238 Lady
ralkener s daughter is to be married to a young rich Mr.
Crewe, a Macarone, and of our Loo. 1770 Oxford Mag.
June 228/2 There is indeed a kind of animal, neither male
nor female, a thing of the neuter gender, lately started up
doner; you are a maccaroni; you can t ride. 1773 [C.
rliTCHcoCK] Macaroni i. 5, I wanted you to be a man of
spirit ; your ambition was to appear a first-rate Macaroni ;
you are returned fully qualified, and determined, I see, to
shew the world what a contemptible creature an English
man dwindles into, when hejadopts the follies and vices of
his bait., ua the fashion which I remember to have seen in
caricatures of what wen
air 01 a macaroni. *jAt*nmm 5 Nov. 603/2 The weak Ws., Life 5 For diverling him
nm,.. resolute brow, and good forehead, portray Sheridan to wrote a Sheet which he called
the life, as he appeared, a macaroni and brilliant lounger in
CarUon House. 1891 Sheffield Gloss., M^ackerony, an over
dressed, or gaudily-dressed person.
trans/. 1778 [W. MARSHALL] Minntts Agric. 3 Feb. 1775
Harnessed the old oxen in all their new finery. . ; the Pan
theon never saw two more ridiculous Macaronies.
3. A species of crested penguin, JLindyptes chry-
sohphus. In full macaroni penguin*
[App. so called because its crest was thought to resemble
the coiffure of the macaronies \ The Pall Mall Gaze tic
Extra of 24 July 1884, p. 29/2 gives from a print of 1777
two figures of head-dresses then in use, one of which is called
the macaroni . Cf. also quot. 1820 in 2.]
1838 POE A. G. Pym Wks. 1864 IV. 123 The maccaroni,
the jackass and the rookery penguin. 1860 C. C. ABBOTT
in Ibis 338 This bird is called in the Falkland Islands the
Maccaroni Penguin. . . It has an orange-coloured crest. 1885
Encycl. Brit. XVI II. 492/1 ./iWy/jVi-, containing the crested
Penguins, known to sailors as . . Macaronis \
4. A medley (such as a macaronic poem).
1884 ROGERS Six Cent. Work $ ll agcs (18861 166 Poli
tical songs in Latin or in a maccaroni of Latin and Enylisli.
5. In the \Vest Indies, a coin of the value of a
quarter of a dollar. ? Obs.
1834 M. G. LF.WIS Jrnl. H\ Ind. 403 Each grown person
received a present of half a dollar, and every child a mac
caroni. 1838 W. JAMKSOX in A. Robb6Vs/. Afrii ans \i^\)
iv. 88 The masters began to offer a macaroni, or is. sterling,
a day.
f6. The name of a gambling-room at New-
market. (Cf. MACCO.) Obs.
1771 P. PAKSOXS Newmarket I. 186 The Maccaroni is no
other than a pretty large and whimsically painted room.
7. (See quot.)
1876 R. L. WALLACE Canary Bk. xiv. 165 Lizards \sc.
canaries] are known among Scotchmen as macaronics .
8. Short for macaroni tool.
1867 G. A. ROGERS Wood Carving 12 Now take the mac
caroni and cut away the wood on either side of the vein.. .
The maccaroni. .is shaped to cut at both angles.
9. attrib.) as (sense i) macaroni dealer, -stall,
wheat \ (sense 2) macaroni cane, dress, intelli-
gt ntcr, marquis, philosopher, shrug, train; frni-
caironi fiddle, V some kind of small violin ; f ma
caroni gin, a kind of colliery gin (,K. D. 1).);
t macaroni stake (see quot.); macaroni tool,
a square-cutting tool used in wood-carving.
1781 Ir esttn. Mag. IX. 71 A supple-jack or a macaroni
cane, embellished with silk and gold tassels. 1851 in I llut.tr.
Loud. News 5 Aug. (1854) nu/i Occupations of the People,
. . *Maccaroni-dealer. 1772 FOOTE Nabob i. (1778) 26 The
waiter at Almack s has just brought him home his macaroni
dressfor the ha/ard table. 1777 MME. D AKBLAY Early Diary
Apr. -July (1889) II. 185 First came a French horn, .ahen
a violin, a bass, a bassoon, a * Macaroni fiddle. 1789
UKAND Hist. Newcastle II. 684 There is a .sort of gins
called whim gins , and a kind known by the name of
*macaroni gins . 1769 Public Advert. 18 May 4/2 Thy
Paper is the *Macarony Intelligencer. 1859 THACKERAY
I irgin. xcii. (1878; 758, I never bargained to have a * Mac
caroni Marquis to command me. 1797 Monthly Mag. III.
92 In this fanciful sera, when ^macaroni philosophers hold
flirtation with science. 1775 M.ME. D AKBLAY Early Diary
21 Nov., It is not at all the ton to like htr : .. (with
a Macarony shrug). 1823 * JON BEE Diet. Turf t *Ma-
caroni stakes, those ridden by gentlemen, not jockies. 1814
Sporting Mag. XLIV. ioj You dash among the pots of
a *maccaroni-stall. 1867 G. A. ROGERS WoodCamingz A
*maccaroni tool. 1890 C. G, LKLANU Wood Carving 10 The
Macaroni Tool.. is for removing wood on each side of a
vein or leaf, or similar delicate work. Ibid, 42 The so-called
macaroni-tool .. is really very little used, owing to the
great difficulty of keeping it sharp, and its liability to break.
1773 GOLDSM, Stoops to Com/. Epil., Ye travtll d tribe, ye
*macaroni train. 1901 li- cstm.Gaz. zs July 7/3 The *ma-
caroni wheat crop (a new venture in the United States).
t Macaro iiian, a. Ol>s. [f. prec. + -AN.]
1. = MACARONIC#. i.
1727-41 CHAMBERS Cycl., Macaronic, or Macaronian t a
kind of burlesque poetry... We have little in English in the
Macaronian way. 1731 CAMBRIDGE Scriblcriad n. 184 note,
The Macaronian is a kind of burlesque poetry, consisting
of a jumble of words of different languages, with words of
the vulgar tongue latinized, und latin words modernized.
2. MACARONIC a. 3.
1788 R. GALLOWAY Poems (1792) 16 Give ear ilk Maca
ronian beau, Tween George s Square an eke Soho.
Macaronic (meekar^nik), a. and sb. Also 7
makeronick, 8 maccaronic. [ad. mod.L. maca~
ronic-us It. (^\ niacaronico} niacchcronico, f. (^ma
caroni] maccheroni MACARONI.
The word seems to have been invented by Teofilo Folengo
( Merlinus Cocaius ) whose macaronic poem (Liber
Macarouices) was published in 1517. He explains (ed. 2,
1521) that the macaronic art is so called from macaroni,
which is quoddam pulmentum farina, caseo, botiro com-
paginatum, grossum, rude, et rusticanum .]
A. adj. 1. Used to designate a burlesque form of
verse in which vernacular words are introduced
into a Latin context with Latin terminations and
in Latin constructions. Also, applied to similar :
verse of which the basis is Greek instead of Latin ; (
and loosely to any form of verse in which two or j
more languages are mingled together. Hence of
language, style, etc. : Resembling the mixed jargon
of macaronic poetry.
1638 SIR J. BEAUMONT in Jonsontts Virbins 12 He Latin
Horace found. .Translated in the Macaronicketoung,Cloth d
such raggs as [etc.]. 1711 Drumm. of ilatutlt^s
.-/. i-.-A - ir__ jS.__S__ - :jnself and his F r i en ds, he
PolwW Middinia. \ Tis a
MACAROON.
I sort of Macaronick Poetry, in which the ScoU Words are
< put in Latin Terminations. 1778 JOHNMJN 14 Apr. in
: Bos-well, Maccaronick verses are verses made out of a mix
ture of different languages. 1837 HALLAM Hist. Lit. i. vi.
i S 31 I. 519 Maillard. .whose sermons, printed if nut preached
j in Latin, with sometimes a sort of ulmo.tt macaronic inter
mixture of French. 1897 DO\V[>EN h r. Lit. n. i. 90 The
macaronic poet Folengo. 1898 STEVENSON ^7. f vfs 236
Grace was said, .in a macaronic latin.
f2. Of the nature of a jumble or medley. Obs.
1611 \titlc) Coryats Cramhe, or his Col wort Twise Sodden,
And Now serued in with other Macaronicke dishes, as the
second course to his Crudities. 1806 J. DAI.LAWAY Obs.
Ettg. Arch. 222 Tliose Travellers who have seen the new
buildings of Edinburgh and Glasgow will look on the archi
tecture of Bath, as belonging to the maccaronick order. 1816
G. COLMAN Br. Grins, Lament, xiv. (1872.) 271 My coarse,
macaronic style may here and there excite a smile.
3. Pertaining to a macaroni, rare ".
1828-34 WEBSTER, Alacarwtic, pertaining to or like a
macaroni ; empty ; trifling ; vain ; affected.
B. sb.
1. a. Macaronic language or composition, b.
//. Macaronic verses.
a 1668 DENHAM Dialogue 33 You that were once so (econo-
mii.k, Quitting the thrifty style I.aconick, Turn Prodi.uiil in
Makeronick. 1693 AfoL Clergy Scot. 31 When some of his
Tarty mounts the Desk and declaims their Maccaronicks.
1727 BAILEY vol. II, Macaronicks [among the Italians], a
.sort of Burlesque Poetry made out of their Language, and
the Scraps and Terminations of divers other. 1839 HALLAM
fntrod. Lit. Europe II. v. 267 note, Folengo.. sat down for
the rest of his lite to write Macaronics, a 1864 LUCY AIKIN
in Man. etc. 77 Our own people were turning Scotch with
out knowing it. We began to allow the macaronic of the
Edinburgh Review for actual Kngli-h !
f 2. A jumble or medley. Obs.
1611 CcmiR., Macaron i^jic, a Macaronick; a confuted
liL-ape, or huddle of many heueiall things.
t MacarO Hical, a. Obs. Also 6 macheron-
icall. [See prec. and -ICAL.] = MACARONIC a.
1585 K. 1). Praysc of Nothing Hj b, The macheruiiicall
phantasies of Merlinus Cocaius. 1596 NAMIF. .v?//;vw ll al-
iten F, Who. .hath translated my Piers Ptnnilessc into the
Macaronicall tongue.
Macaro iiically, adv. [f. MACAKO.MC: see
-ICALLV.J In the macaronic manntr.
I 1821 W. TAYLOR in Monthly Rev. XC\T. 82 That strange
[ mixture of Portuguese, Spanish, .. [etc.) nanie.s with which
; most European maps of South America arc macaronically
j diversified. 1900 G. W. K. KUSSKLL Conferences ii. 24 The
j earliest pieces .. are in the learned language, sometimes
macaronically interspersed with the vernacular.
Macaroilicism (msekar^-nisiz m). [f. MA-
I CAHOXJC + -JSM.] Macaronic style.
1830 Ccntt. Mag. C._ n. 123 Moliere gives an amusing
specimen of macaronicism, in the troisicmc intcrmede of
l,e Maladc Ima-iiudre. 1845 Kncycl. Mctrop. XXI. 629/2
It maybe doubted, however, whether the Ancients would
be very solicitous to establish a prior claim to Macaronicism.
Macarouisni (mrckartm-niz m). Also 8 maca-
ronyism, 9 maccaroni -isru, [f. MACARONI +
-ISM.] Behaviour characteristic of a macaroni;
dandyism.
1775 MME. D ARBLAY Early Diary 21 Nov., He is a good
dt-al in the present ton, which is not Macaroi:>isn). 1835
TalCs Mag. II. 20 His colonel, .requited his maccaroni-ism
1y a week s arrest. 1863 SAL A Capt. Dangerous II. viii.
252 We would have thought it vile poltroonery and ma-
caronism to have worn wigs. 1868 C IKSS MINIO Man.
\ 11 . Elliot \. 28 His maccaronism seems to have been a sub
ject of jest among his friends.
Macaro nyish, a. rare- 1 , [f. MACARONI +
1SH.] Characteristic of dandyism.
1859 SALA Tiu. round Clock (iS6iJ 288 There is something
supercilious, pragmatical, macaronyish, un-English, in tbe
announcement, No half-price .
Macaroon (msekar-n). Also 7 makeron(e,
maquaroon, mackroomj mackroon, 7-8 macke-
roon(e, mackaroon(e, macaron, S makeroon,
macron, 7-9 maccaroon. [a. Y.macaron (i6thc.),
ad. It. niaccaront (now maccherone) sing, of
maccaroni: see MACARONI.]
1. A small sweet cake or biscuit consisting chiefly
of ground almonds, white of egg, and sugar.
1611 COTGR., M^acarons, Macarons ; little Fritter-like
Bunnes, or thicke Losenges, compounded of Sugar, Almonds,
Rosewater, and Muske. 1611 MARKHABI Country Content. \\.
ii. (1668) 98 To make Jumbals more fine and curious . . and
nearer to the taste of the Macaroon. 1630 J. TAYLOR (Water
P.) Gf. Eater Kent Wks. i. 146/1 Whether it bee . . Fritter,
or Flapiacke, or Po>set, Galley-Mawfrey, Mackeroone,
Kickshaw, or Tantablin. 1688 R. HOLME Armoury in.
83/2 Mackrooms, a kind of ruul of sweet Bread. 1725
URADLKY Fain. Diet. s.v. Tourte, You may also put a
pounded Macaroon into the Artichoke Cream. 1747 MRS.
GLAssiiC twXrfrj xv. 141 To make Maccaroons. 1848 J. GRANT
Adv. Aide-de-C .y.^.\\\\. (Rtldg.) 227 Little maccaroons, sweet
as sugar and almonds could make them. 1875 A. R. Hoj L
My School-boy I r. 138 We were regaling on macaroons.
ctttrih. 1783 M.MK. U ARBLAY Diary f) Uec., I had no more
power to prevent it than this macaroon cake in my hand.
1836 T. HOOK G. Giirney I. 297 A Jew boy, selling maca
roon cakes. 1898 GULLY in Daily News 21 July 7/5 A
Marchpane is an edifice in macaroon work.
f2. = MACARONI i. Obs.
17*04 J. PITTS Ace. Mahometans iii. (1738) 24 What they
call Mackaroon is some Paste made only with Flour and
Water. 1738 [G. SMITH] Curious Rtlat. II. 302 A Sort of
Pudding, which they [in Malta] call Macron. 1753 CHAJI-
LIEKS Cyil.Suf>j>,, Mncaron, the name of a sort of vermicelli,
a paste made of flour and water, and formed into the shape
of the band uf a quill, or the guts of small fo\\ Is.
MACARTNEY.
f3. A buffuou ; a blockhead, dolt. Also dial, a
fop ( ^ MACAKOXI 2). Obs. [Cf. It. macckerone.]
a 1631 DONNE Sat. iv. 117 Like a bigge wife, at sight of
lothed meat. . ; so I sigh and sweat To heare this Makeron
talke in value, a 1633 R. B. In Me>n. t Donne s Poems 401
A Macaroon And no way fit to spcake to clouted shoone.
a 18*5 FORIIY I oc. E. Anglia, Macaroon^ a fop.
Macartney (makautni). [Thenameof George,
Yax\ Macartney 1^1737-1806).] Used in Macartney
cock, pheasant, and in shortened form Macartney :
A pheasant of the genus Euplocamus, esp. .
ignitus ; a fireback.
[179. OR. SHAW in Sir G. Staunton Macartney $ Embassy
to China (1797) I. 248 Jt may be called the fire-backed
pheasant. 1813 TKMMINCK Hist. Nut. des Pigeons etc. II.
273 Houpifere Macartney. Callus Macartneyi. Mihi. ..
Cette belle espece de Gallinace .. a etc indiquee .. par
sir Georges Staunton, d apres un individu qui fut offert a
Lord Macartney, Ambassadeur Anglais auprcsde 1 Empereur
de la Chine.] 1834 SIR W, JAKDIN*E A"<t/. Hist. Gallinaceous
Birds I. 214 Tlie Macartney Cock. Knplocamus ignittis.
Fire-backed Pheasant of Java. 1840 BtVTH tr. Cuviers
Aniin. Kingd. (1849} 227 i he Macartneys.
Macary bitter. A \Yest Indian name for/V-%^
cramnia Antidesma (Treas. Bot. 1866).
111726 H. l!\r.HAM Hort us Awericanns (1794)96 Majoe.
. . It is aUo called Macary bitter from its growing in great
plenty in the bay of Macary.
Macassar (makse sai). [The name (in the
native form Mangkasitra \ of a district in the island
of Celebes.] Macassar oil, an unguent for the
hair, grandiloquently advertised in the early part
of the 1 9th century, and represented by the makers
(Rowland and Son \ to consist of ingredients ob
tained from Macassar. The name has subsequently
been given commercially to various natural pro
ducts imported from the East, e.g. to the oils ex
pressed from the seeds of Schleichera, trijuga^ Car-
( ha in us tinctoriits, and the berries of Stadtniannia
Sideroxylon. (Hence Macassar-oiled a., anointed
with this oil. Macassar poison, the gum of a
tree, with which the Malays poison their arrows.
1666-7 /YV. Trans. II. 417 Whether it be true, that the
onely Antidote hitherto known, against the . . Macassar-
poison, is humane Ordure, taken inwardly? 1797 Enfycl*
firit. ^ed. 31 X. 357 i Macassar Poison,, .called ippo in the
Macassar and Malayan tongue. 1809 ALEX. ROWLAND jun.
(title) Essay on. .the Human Hair, with Remarks on the
Virtues of the Macassar Oil. 1819 BVKON yuan I. xvii, In
virtues nothing earthly could surpass her, Save thine *in-
nmiuarable oil, Macassar ! 1831 TKELAWSV A dr. Yoitngcr
Si n III. 280 [The author professes to have met in Celebes
with] the oleaginous extract from a fruit-tree, since that
period become so notorious in Europe, (by name 1 mean,)
Macassar oil. 1842 S. LOVER Handy Andy x. 99 He ran
his fingers through his Macassar-oiled ringlets. 1896 BRANNT
I ats <y Oils (ed. 2) II. 82 Macassar oil .. is obtained from
the seed of Schlfichera trijnga . . Considerable quantities
of the oil were formerly imported, but what at present comes
into commerce under the name of macassar oil 1 is mostly
a mixture of cocoa-nut oil and ylang-ylang extract, coloured
red with alkannin.
Macauco, variant of MACACO.
Macaulayism (m&kSl/iU m). [f. the name
of Thomas Kabington (Lord) Macau/ay (1800-
1859) + -ISM.] The characteristic historical method
or literary style of Macau lay ; an instance of this. So
Macau layan, Macaulaye sque, Macau layish
adjs.j pertaining to or modelled upon Macaulay s
method orstyle. Macaulaye se (erron. Macaulese)-,
Macaulay s kind of diction.
1846 POE Cary Wks. 1864 1 1 1. 63 Models of style in these
days of r Rodomontade s and Macaulayisms. 1839 NAPIKR
Lift Visct. Dundee I. 4 note, How often does he give us
Macaulese for history ! 1865 Spectator 492 Lord Derby
does not talk leading articles after this Macaulayish fashion.
1871 M. ARNOLD Friendship s Garland 71 Why do you
call Mr. Hepworth Dixon s style middle-cta^s Macaulayese?
1884 Pail Mall^G. 26 Sept. 3/1 There is something quite
Macaulayesque in the description . . of the way in which [etc.].
1887 Spectators? Aug. 1159 Macaulayan and other historical
or at least other historians incrustations. 1893 At/tt~
HXmti ii June 758/3 Dressing up platitudes in a sort of
faded Macaulayese.
Macaw 1 ^mak \ Also 7 machao, 7-8 macao,
7-9 maocaw, 8 raaccau, 8-9 mackaw. [a. Pg. i
macao, of obscure origin ; a Tupi name for the bird
is macavuana,
Cf. Sp. mdca, a Bird in the Province of Quito, in South-
America, less than our Cocks, with a long Bill Red and
Yellow, and its Feathers of such Variety of Colours as is
admirable (Pineda, 1740).]
1. Th* name for several species of large long-
tailed birds of the parrot kind constituting the
genus Ara ; they inhabit tropical and subtropical
America and are remarkable for their gaudy
plumage.
1668 CHARLETOS Onontasticon Zoicon 66 Great blew and
yellow Parrat called the Machao^ or Cockatoon. a 1671
WltLUGHBV Oniiihol. n. xi. (1676) 73 Psittacus maximus
alter Aldrov. Angl. Maccaw, seu Macao & Cockatoon. 1703
DAMI*IKK I oy. (1729) III. I. 405 The Red Maccaw. 1707 FUN-
NKLL I oy. iv. 70 The Maccaw. .is about the bigness of a Hawk. ,
1788 Xciv Lond. Mag. 6r The larger Pshtaci are called
Macaos. i8oa BINCLEV Anim. Kiog. (1813) II. 75 The
Brasilian Green Macaw. 1821-30 Lu. CocKeruN atm, v.
(1874^ 25^ [Hel was walking., dressed like a mackaw,asthe
Commissioner s purse-bearer. 1870 DISKAKU Z,tf///a*>xxxv,
Upon gilt and painted perches also there were . . macaws. t
f 2. Applied (? erron.) to some oriental bird. Obs.
1699 DAM PIER Voy. II. i. 128 In the [Achinl Woods there
are many sorts of wild Fowls, viz. Maccaws, Parrots [etc.].
3. attrib.t as macaw tribe \ t^acaw-fish, some
brightly coloured fish (cf, parrot-fish^}.
1753 CHAMBERS Cycl. Sufp. s.v., With some it [cockatoon]
is made the synonymous name of all the Macaw tribe, 1792
MAR. RIDDELL Voy t Madeira 69 The parrot-fish, the ma
caw-fish.
Macaw- (makg). Also 7 macow, 7-8 mac-
caw, 8-9 mackaw, 9 macca-. [Prob. repr. one
or more Carib words; cf. Arawak (Guiana) mo-
caya t macoya t the macaw-palm.] The West Indian
name for palms* of the genus Acrocomia\ formerly
also f-the fruit of these palms. Now only attrib.
in macaw-berry ) -palm, -lree\ also macaw-bush,
a West Indian plant, Solatium niammosum (Treas.
Bot. 186*5) ; macaw-fat, a West Indian name for
tlic Oil Palm, Ehvis gitineensis.
1657 Licov Barbados 72 The Macow is one of the strangest
trees the Hand affords. 1672 R. BLOME Jamaica^ etc. 73
[Descr. Uarbadoes] I.imes, Lemons, Macows, Grapes [etc.].
. ..,t greedily.
being the ?th Day of our Fast, save only the Maccaw- berries
before related. 1756 P. UKOWNE Jamaica 343 The Mackaw
Tree.. is very common in most of the sugar-colonies. 1858
SIMMONDS Diet. Tradti Macaw-fat, a West Indian name
for oil palm, fclais GuitU t nsis. Macaw-Palm^ the Acro-
comia sclerocarpa of Martius. 1864 GKISEBACH Flora /K.
Ind. 785 Mackaw Tree, Acrocomia sclerocarpa. 1882 J.
SMITH Diet. Pop. Names Plants, Macaw Palm or Gm-
Gru (Acrocomia fnsif or nris\. 1894 Outing (U.S.) XXIII.
380/2 The oil palm or macca-fat.
1- Maccarib. Obs. [App. cogn. w. caribou , a.
Micmac kaleboo> lit. shoveller (N. & Q. 9th Sen
IX. 465). Cf. F. macaribo (Littre).] =- CARIBOU.
1672 JOSSELYN New Eng. Rarities 20 The Maccarib^
Caril>o t or rohano^ a kind tf Deer, as big as a Stag, round
hooved) smooth hair d and soft as silk.
Maccaroni, Macease^ne, Maccaw: see
MACAKOXI, MOCCASIX, MACAW.
Macche, obs. form of MATCH.
Macciavelian : see MACHIAVELLIAN.
MaCCO (ma;-k(?). ? Obs. f?A variant spelling
of MACAO.] A gambling game; = MACAO.
1809 HYRON in Moore Life (1875) 143 When macco (or
whatever they spell it) was introduced. i&v^S/nirting Mag.
XVI. 277 A rubber of whist, or a game of Macco. 1859
THACKERAY Virgin, xli, He dines at White s ordinary, and
bits down to macco and lansquenet afterwards.
atirib. 1825 T. HOOK Man of Many />-., Say. fy Doings
Ser.u. II. 18 His uncle was still ;it the Macco table. 1859
THACKKRAY \ irgin. xliv, I ..left it at the Macco-table.
Maccoboy (mae ktfboj). Also 8 macabao,
macauba, 9 maccaboy, maccubau, mac(c)ouba,
maakabaw, Sc. macabaa, -baw, maccaba^w.
[Named from Macouba^ a district in Martinique.]
A kind of snuff, usually scented with attar of roses.
1740 li inil les List of Snuffs in Fairholt Tobacco (1859)
269 Macabao. 1799 Hull Advertiser 27 July 4/4 You are
famous . . For having the best Macauba [rime draw]. 18. .
G. WUSHART in Mactaggart Callm-id, Encycl. (1824) 223 Ye
maun bring me a teat o this same Macabaa. 1823 J. BAD-
COCK Dom. Amusem. 99 The snufFof Martinico, celebrated
under the term Macouba . 1849 THACKERAY Pendcnnis
II. ii. 14 [He] pocketted his snuff-box, not desirous that
Madame Brack s dubious fingers should plunge too fre
quently into his Mackabaw. 1858 SIMMONDS Diet. Trade,
flfac0ffty t Maccid>au t a kind of snuff. 1893 STEVENSON
Catriona xix. 218 Him I found already at his desk and
already bedabbled with maccabaw. 1896 E. MARRIAGE tr.
Balzac s Old tioriot 21 His snuff-box is always likely to be
filled with maccaboy.
Mace (nv ! s), j.l Also 4-5 mas, 4-7 rnase,
5 6 mais, (5 maas, mass, meyce, 6 maysse,
"--7 masse), [a. OF. masse, mace = r* massa, It.
wazza, Sp. maza, Pg. maca : L. type *mat(t}ea
v prob. the origin of the rare mat(t}eola ? mallet).]
1. A heavy staff or club, cither entirely of metal
or having a metal head, often spiked: formerly a
regular weapon of war. (Also called \mace of
arms !?, masse cTartnes.*) fin early use also, a
club of any kind.
1297 R. GLOUC, (Rolls) 4210 pis geant .. bigan is mace
adrawe. c 13*0 Sir Bents 3800 pel leide on . . Wib swerdes and
wl|> maces, a 1330 Otittl 1112 He cam wij? a masc of bras.
375 HARBOUR Bruce xi. 600 The Ynglis men . . Ke^t emang
thame.swerdisandmas. c 1386 CHAUCER Knt. s T. 1753 With
myghty maces the bones they tobreste. 1390 GOWER Cotif.
III. 359 And Hercules.. Was ther, berende his grete Mace.
1416 LYUG. DcGitil. Pilgr. 22171 And with this ylke sturdy
Maas, Iputte hemoutafTul greet paas. Ibid. 93100 Then cam
Treason with hir mas Hevy as a clobbe of leed. 1555 EUI-LN
Decades 161 Laton whereof they make such maces and ham
mers as are vsed in the warres. 1585 T. WASHINGTON tr.
Nichalays Voy. in. v. 78 Vppon their saddle bow, their
roundel & the Busdeghan (being the mase of armes). 1678
WANLKY Wond. Lit. Worlds, ii. 86. 473/1 He would cast a
Horseman s Mace of nine or ten pounds weight farther than
any other of his Court, 1728 POPE Ditnc. i. 85 Pomps without
guilt, of bloodless swords and maces. 18*5 SCOTT Talism. i,
A steel axe, or hammer, called a mace-of-arms. 1834
PLANCH Brit, Costume 244 The pistol superseded the
mace in the hands of officers during this reign [Hen. VIII].
fb. Applied to the trident of Neptune. Obs.
1582 STANYHURST sEncis n. (Arb.) 6j Thee wals God Nep
tune, with mace thrceforcked, vphurleth. 1590 St ENStn
MACE.
Muiopotmos 315 The God of Seas, .strikes the rockes with
his three-forked mace. 1791 Cowi KK llittd xn. 29 Neptune
with his tridental mace himself Led them.
1601 SHAKS. Jul. C. iv. iii. 268 O Murd rous slumber !
Layest thou thy Leaden Mace vpon my Boy ? 1667 MILTOS
P. L. x. 294 I he aggregated Soyle Death, with his Mace
petrific, cold and dry, As with a Trident smote . 1840 LONGF.
Sp. Stud. i. v, Hark ! how the loud and ponderous mace
of Time Knocks at the golden portals of the day ! 1878
BROWNING La Saisiaz 385 As .. Beethoven s Titan mace
Smote the immense to storm.
2. A sceptre or staff of office, resembling in
shape the weapon of war, which is borne before
(or was formerly carried by) certain officials,
t Also formerly the sceptre of sovereignty.
For Sergeant at (or of) Mate* see SKRGHANT. The mace
which lies on the table in the House of Commons when the
Speaker is in the chair is viewed as a symbol of the autho
rity of the House (cf. b).
< 1440 /Vow//, /^rr .sig/i Mace of aseriawnt, s[c]cj>tntni t
ilavn. 1471 Rii LEY Contp. Alch. v. xxviii. in Ashm. (1652)
155 WythSylver Macys. .Sarjaunts awaytingon them every
owre. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 253 They gaue hym
a rede in his hande for a septer or a mace. 1559 Mirr. Jfng ,,
yas. f xx. 5 Mymurdring uncle. .That longed for my king-
dome and my mace. 1580 Nottingham Rec. IV. 195 Payd
to Towley for the other ii. maces mendyng. 1593 SHAKS.
2 lien, t */, iv. vii. 144 With these borne before vs, in steed of
Maces, Will we ride through the streets. 1623-4 i" Swayne
C/iurc/nu. Ace. Sarum (1896) 177 The Iron w fh holds the
Mase at the end of M r . Maiors pe\ve. 1677 E. SMITH in ivth
Kcf>, Hist. AfSS. Comm. App. v. 37 Some mischievous persons
to dishonour my Lord Chancellour.. stole the mace and the
two purses. 1708 J. CHAMBKRLAYNK St. Gt. Brit. \. \\. xiii.
(1710) 100 The Mace, while the Speaker is in the Chair, is
always upon the Table, except when sent upon any extra
ordinary Occasion into Westminster-Hall, and Court of
Requests, to summon the Members to attend. i758JoHNSON
Iiiler^ No. 96 i He. .read the Gothick characters inscribed
on his brazen mace. 1856 EMERSON Eitg. Ti aits, Ability
Wks. (Bonn) II. 45 The chancellor carries England on his
mace. 1877 J. D. CHAMBERS Di?>. Worship 186 A Beadle,
or other official, with a wand or mace, clearing the way.
b. By (ivarrant of) the mace: in House of
Commons use, said of occasions when the Serjeant-
at-Arms is sent with the mace as his warrant for
demanding obedience to a command of the House.
1576 Jrnl. Ho. Comm. 22 Feb. 1. 107 The said Committees
found no Precedent for setting at large by the Mace any
Person in Arrest ; but only by Writ. Ibid. 27 Feb. I. 108
It is Resolved, That Edward Smalleye. .shall be brought
hither To-morrow, by the Serjeant ; and so set at Liberty,
by Warrant of the Mace, and not by writ.
c. A mace-bearer.
1663 Flagcllttm or O. Cromwell (1672) 26 And here upon
a Mace was sent to bring Cromwell into the Court. 1670
MARVKLL Let. 21 Mar. li ks. (Grosart) II. 315 Sir 1 homas
Clifford carryed Speaker and Mace, and all members there,
into the King s cellar, to drink his health. 1753 QVL.\\ Long
Story iii, My grave Lord-Keeper led the brawls \ The seals
and maces danc d before him. 1855 MACAULAY Hist. Eng.
xi. III. i Garter King at arms., was followed by the maces of
the two Houses, by the two Speakers [etc.].
3. a. Billiards. A stick with a flat square head,
formerly used for propelling the balls ; now super
seded by the cue. (Cf. MAST sb$) b. A similar
instrument lu-ed in Bagatelle.
1727 DOVER />. Diet., jl/,w,(Billard dont on joue) Mass,
or Billiard Stick. 1734 R. SEYMOUR Cotnpl. Gamester \\\.
ied. 5) 84 If a Person breaks a Stick, or the Mace, he must
pay Six-pence for the Stick and two Shillings for the Mace.
1744 J. LOVE Cricket 4 The dull Ball trails before the feeble
Ma.ce. 1797 Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3 III. 229 (Billiards] is
played with sticks, called maces, or with cues; the first
consist of a long straight ^tick, with a head at the end, and
are the most powerful instruments of the two.. .In England
the mace is the prevailing instrument, which the foreigner*
hold in contempt. 1814 Cot.. HAWKER Diary (1893)1. 119
We . . enjoyed the novelty of playing with the Emperor s
favourite cue, and Maria Louisa s mace. 1856 *CAI I T.
CKAWLEY* Billiards (i%$<)) 8 The Mace, by the way, is seldom
or never used by the present generation of billiard players.
1873 BKNNKTT & CAVKNDISH Billiards 4 Maces (called
masts ) only were used, made of lignum vitse or some other
weighty wood, and tipped with ivory. 1883 Casselfs Sports fy
Past. 329 [Bagatelle}. The balls are struck with either a cue
or a mace ; of these two the latter will be found the easier.
4. Tanning. (See quots.)
1839 U RE Diet. A rts 378 The chief operations of the currier
are four ; i. Dipping the leather, which consists in moisten
ing it with water, and beating it with the mace, or a mallet
upon the hurdle. 185* MORFIT Tanning $ Currying (1853)
462 The leather may either be beaten out with the feet, or
with an instrument called the mace.
5. attrib. and Comb.) as mace-blow, head ; fmace-
proof <?., nonce-wd*.) safe from ai rest.
1879 G. MEREDITH Egoist II. v. 104 The effect .. was to
produce an image of surpass! ngness in the features of Clara
that gave him the final, or *mace-blow. 1899 Daily News
12 Sept. 7/2 Sargon of Accad. .of whom a *mace head bear
ing his name is to be seen in the British Museum. 1633
SHIRLEY Bird ina Cage\\. O^b, You shall. .come vp to the
face of a Sergiant,. .and be *mace proofe.
Mace (m^ sj, sb.- Forms : a. 4-5 macys, 4-6
macis, maces, 1^4 macz, 5 macez, masis, 6
mases). 0. 4- mace, (6 mase). [ME. macis,
a. F. macis (i4th c. in Godef.), of unknown origin ;
cf. F. (i6th c.) ntassia, ? cinnamon flower. The
form wads being in Eng. apprehended ns a plural,
the new singular mace was formed from it.
It is not likely that the word has any connexion with
L. maccis (accus. maaida} occurring once in Plautiis in
a bombastic list of unknown and perhaps imaginary BplOM.]
MACE.
1. A spice consisting of the dried outer covering
of the nutmeg.
a 1377 A&ittgJon Ace. (Camden) 38 In farina XXviljuF. In
croco x\s. In macys ijs. Xii. [etc.]. 1398 TKEVISA Earth.
DC P. K. xvn. ii. (1495) 595 The Mace is the flowre,and the
Notinygge U the fruytc. Ibid. cix. 672 The rynde of Nux
rmisticata, the notmygge, hight Macis. ^1400 MAUNDKV.
(Roxb.) xxi. 94 pe macezer (?e huskesof |enutemug. t 1420
Lihcr Cecorum (1862) 13 Forshit withclowes or macys gode.
1471 Ptiston Lett. III. 25 Seiide me word qwat price a /r. of
peppyr, clowys, maais, gingyr [etc.]. 1527 K. THOKNK in
Hakiuyfs Voy. (1589) 252 The Islands are fertile of Cluucs,
Nutmegs, Mace, and Cinnamom. 1544 PH ASH KegiHi. Ly/e
(1553) Eja, Mithridatum-.wel tempered in a littel white
wine with afewe maces. 1594 BLUNDKVIL Excrc. v. xi. (1636)
554 But when the Nut waxeth dry, the Mace do sever from
the Nut. Ibid. xii. 557 From the He Banda doth come Nut
megs and Maces. 1732 AKBUTHNOT Rules of Diet 259 Spices,
as Cinnamon, Mace, Nutmeg. 1747 MRS. GLASSK Cookery
ii. 32 Add some. . Pepper and Salt, and a little beaten Mace.
1811 A. T. THOMSON Loud. Disp. (i8i8j 262 Oil of Mace.
1871 C. KINGSI.KY At Last v, The nutmegs, the mace still
clinging round them, He scattered on the grass.
2. attrih. : t mace-ale, ale spiced with mace.
1611 BBAUM. & FL. Four PI., Triumph of^Lovc iv, She
hail more need of mace-ale .. than your aged discipline. 1676
WISI;MAN Stirg. iv. v. 318 That night she took an anodyne
Syrup in a draught of Mace-ale.
Mace OTU T S}, sb$ Forms: 6 mase, 7 mas(se,
maz, mess, 8 niasscie, 8- mace. [a. Malay ^^L*
mas (also ^U! etnas ] ; said to be repr. Skr. masha
a weight of about 17 grains.]
1. In Malay countries : A small gold coin weigh
ing 9 grains and worth about u. lit. Also, *a
weight used in Sumatra, being according to Craw-
furdi-iGthof a Malay tael, or about 40 grams (Y.).
1598 W. PHILLIP tr. Linschotetis Voy. 44 A Tael of Malacca
isx6Mases. i6ooj. DAVIS in Purchas Pilgrimage {\b\if[ I.
ill. i. 117 That [coin] of Gold is named a Mas, and is nine
pence halfe penie neerest. Those of Lead are called Caxasl
whereof a thousand sixe hundred make one Mas. 1699 DAM-
PIEK Voy. II. i. 132 Of these [cash] 1500 make a Mess, which
..Is a small thin piece of Gold. .. It is in value 15 pence Eng
lish. 1727 A. HAMILTON AVzu Ace. / . Ind. II. xli. 109 At
Atcheen they have a small Coin of Leaden Money called
Cash, from twelve to sixteen hundred of them goes to one
Mace, or Masscte. 1813 MILBI/RN Oriental^ Coinin. (1825)
348 The currency here [Tringano, Malay Peninsula] consists
also of the following : . . 16 mace equal to i tale. Ibid, 360
[Sumatra] The lesser weights are as follow : 4 Copangs
equal to i Mace.
2. A Chinese money of account equivalent to
one-tenth of a silver Hang or tael.
1615 R. COCKS Diary (1883) 1. 1 We bought 5 greate square
postes..cost2/J 6coftttrifisper peece. 1796 MORSE. -liner.
Geog. II. 531 Although the terms candereen and mace are
employed to certify a certain quantity of caxees, there are
no coins. .which bear that specific value. 1802 CAPT. EL-
MORE in Naval Chron. VIII. 382 At seven mace two can
dereen per head. 1896 Black v. Mag. Apr. 580/2 The [poppy]
tax is stated to be one mace or six-tenths of a mace the plot.
Mace (miMs), sb^- slang. Swindling, robbery
by fraud. On mace : on credit, * on tick .
1781 G. PARKER View Sac. II. 34 The mace is a man who
goes to any capital tradesman . . in an elegant vis-a-vis [etc.].
1879 J. W. HORSLEY in Afacw. Mag. XL. 502 The following
people used to gc^in there toy-getters (watch-stealers)..
men at the mace (sham loan offices). 1893 P. H. EMKKSON
Signer Lippo xxii. 100 Letting em have the super and slang
on mace, for he gets to know their account and he puts tbe
pot on em settling day,
b. Conib.\ mace-cove, -gloak, -man = ^ACEK^.
1812 J. H. VAUX Flash Diet., Mace-gloak, a man who lives
upon the mace. i823 J.Bt:K Z>rV/. Turf %.v. Mace, The mace-
cove is he who will cheat, take in, or swindle, as often as may
be. 1859 SALA Tw. round Clock (1861) i6oThe nightside of
London is fruitful in macemen , mouchers , and *go-
alongs . 1865 M. COLLINS Who is t/ie Heir? II. 245 What
is a maceman?. . A person who buys anything he can get with
out paying for it, and sells it again at once for anything
he can get. 1884 Dtttfy Nt>ws 5 Jan. 5/2 The victim appears
to have entered an omnibus and to have been at once pounced
upon by two * macemen , otherwise * swell mobsmen .
Mace, vJ- rare~ l . [f. MACE sfr. l ~\ trans. To
strike as with a mace.
18^0 DICKENS Barn. Rudge iv, The prentices no longer
carried clubs wherewith to mace the citizens.
tMace, z>. a Obs. rare- 1 , [f. MACE j.2] trans.
To season with mace. In quot.y^f.
a 1640 DAY Peregr. Schol. (iSSi) 70 If anie of you come
vnder there clowches theile pepper you and mace you with
a vengeance.
Mape, v.i slang, [f. MACE j//.*] trans, and
utti: To swindle. Hence Ma cing vbl. sb.
1790 POTTER New Diet. Cant. (1795) A hue, to cheat.
A-u Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 138 A . . party of inferior
pugilists had been macing in the southern towns. 1819 I. H.
VAUX Mem. I 53, 1 sometimes raised the wind by. .obtaining
goods on credit, called in the cant language maceing. 1885
Daily Pel 18 Aug. 3/2 Fancy him being so soft as to give
that jay a quid back out of the ten he d maced him of!
Ma ce-bearer. One who carries a mace; spec.
an official whose duty it is to carry a mace, as a
symbol of authority, before some high functionary.
mace-bearer out of the room. 1835 ist Mimic. Corf.
Cotinti. Rep. App. Ml. 1686 Other officers of the Corpora
tion [of Preston] are, Mace- Bearer, Beadle [etc.]. 1841
ELPHINSTONK Hist. Ind. II. 349 A mace-bearer called out to
him, wilh mock solemnity, to receive the salutations of his
servants. 1870 BRYANT Iliad I. vn. 210 The mace-bearer
Areithous.
Macedon (mse 1 B/d<fo). [ad. L. Afacedon-em
\AIuccdo; , Gr. Mae5oV-a (-aw).]
f 1. One of the people (to which Alexander the
Great belonged) that inhabited Macedonia. Obs.
[1382 WYCLIF 2 Cor. ix. 4 When Macedonyesscliulen come
with me.] ii 1400-50 Ate.tamterg^, 1179, 1253, etc., Messa-
dones, Messedones.-edoyns, Mas(s)ldons. 1594 Kvn Cornelia
i. 6 ; Macedoiis or Medes. 1632 MASSINGKK City Madam iv.
ii, The valiant Macedon. . Lamented that there were no more
[worlds] to conquer. 1700 DKYDKN Fables, To Ductless tr/
Orinond 133 As once the Macedon, by Jove s decree, Was
taught to dream an herb for Ptolemy.
t b. off os. or quasi-fl(# . = Macedonian. Obs.
1710 The Tipling Philosophers 17 Diogenes, Surly and
Proud, Who Snarld at the Macedon Youth.
2. Anglicized name of Macedonia. arch.
1584 C. ROBINSON llaiidf. I lcs. Delites (Arb. 46 The
famous Prince of Macedun. 1625 i;.\( ON AV.v., / /vJ///t i/f.v,
Phillip of Macedon. 1871 S. J. STONE Hymn, Through
midnight gloom from Macedon.
Macedonian (iiKcs/dinniian). .i and rf.i [f.
L. Macedoni-us ( - Gr. MaxfSovios, f. Maneoaii : sec
prec.) + -AX.] A. aJj. 1 ertaining to Macedonia,
a country north of Greece.
Mactdoniall Parsley : see PARSLEY.
1556 Kcl instnis ty. More s I topia Printer to Reader
(Arb.) 168 Scyng it is a tongue to vs muche stratinger then
the Indian,, .the Macedonian,, .etc. 1607 TorM.M. l our-f.
Beasts 106 At one time is giuen them nine Macedonian
Bushels, but.. of drinke eytlier wine or water thirty Mace
donian pintes at a time. 1707 Crtrios. in 1 1 ml*. ,y Cant. 257
To make Celery, and Macedonian Parsly grow very fast.
1844 TMIKLWAU. 6>mt Ixvi. VIII. 419 It had received a
Macedonian admiral in its port.
B. s/i. A native of Macedonia.
1582 N. T. (Rhem.) 2 Cor. i.v. 2, I knowyour prompt tninde :
for the which I glorie of you to the Macedonians. 1834 Lvi-
TON rompciii\. i, I will teach thee, young hra^uait, to play
the Macedonian with me. 1840 I etiny Cyd. XVIII. 75,2
He was stabbed by a young Macedonian of his own body
guard.
Macedonian (nuesftl<5ta uian), <i. a and sb.~ [ad.
Eccl. L. Macedonian-us, f. Macedonius : see -AN.]
A follower of Macedonius, a heretical Bishop of
Constantinople in the 4th century.
1577 VAUTRUUILLIER Luther on Ep. Gal. 18 Arians, Euno-
mians, Macedonians, and such other heretikes. 1701 tr. /.^
Clcrc s I riin. Fathers 252 He [Gregory] disputes about the
Consubstantiality of the Holy Spirit against the Mace
donians. 1727-52 CHAMBICKS Cycl. s.v. Semi-AriaHS, Anew
branch of Macedonian Semi-arians, or Pneumatomachi.
1882-3 Schaff s Kncycl. Kelig. Knmvl. II. 1578 They are
Macedonians, esteeming the Holy Spirit as no person, but
only an influence or emanation.
Hence Macedomianism.
1642 HALES Schism 9 Manichanisme, Valentinianisme, Ma-
cedonianisme, Mahomettsme, are truly and properly Here
sies. 1646 Bp. MAXWELL llnrd. Issach. 21 The grossest
Heresies, Arianisme, Arminianisme, Macedonianisme [etc.].
[Maoegriefs, such as willingly buy stolen flesh
(Cowcll 1607, whence in later Law Diets.), is a
spurious word, due to misunderstanding of the AK.
text of Britton I. xxx. 3, which speaks of butch
ers [niacegriers] who knowingly sell stolen flesh .]
Maceleney, obs. form of MACILEKCY.
tMacella-rious, a. Oh.- [f. L. macel-
lari-tts ((. inacfllmii meat market) + -008.]
1656 BLOUN r Glosscgr. , Maccllarious, pertaining to the
Butchers Row or Shambles.
Macer 1 (m^-sai). Also Sc. 5-6 maser(e,
masar, 6 messer, measer, masser, 6-7 maissar,
-er. [a. OF. inaissier, mossier, i. masse MACE
si. 1 : see -KB 2 .] A mace-bearer; spec, in Scot
land, an official who keeps order in courts of law.
13. . St. Erkemuolde 143 in Horstm. AUcugLLeg. (1881) 26
pe maire with mony majti mene & macers before hyme. 1377
LANGL. P. PI. B. in. 76 Meiresand maceres that menes ben
bitwene The kynge and the comune to kepe the lawes. c 1440
Sextie that tyme quhilk war summond aw Be ane masar
for to cum to the law. 1546 Kef. Prhy Contuil Scot. I. 26
Heraldis, pursevantis, masseries, and utheris officiaris of
armes. 1550 Ibid. 105 Ane messer or uthir officiar of armes.
1583 Leg. Bj>. St. Aiuirois 1065 A meas r vpon the gait him
mett. 1679 RpyalProclain. in Lond.Gaz. No 1406/1 Charles
by the Grace of God [etc.] . . To Our Lyon King at Arms, and
his Brethren Heraulds, Macers, or Messengers at Arms.
1709 STRYMi Ann. Ref. I. xxi. 237 Thomas Lever, S.T.B.
formerly of S. John s College and sometime macer (as was
the Bishop himself). 1710 Chainbcrlayne s St. Gl. Brit. II.
"---- Sal. so/, per Ann.
MACERATING.
Hence Ma cership.
1883 Editib. Daily Rev. 6 June 2/5 Mr. G. G. has been
appointed . . to the vacant macership in the Court of Session.
Macer - ^nvi s.u). slang, [f. MACE z. : > + -KU 1.]
A swindler.
1819 Sforting AFaff. V. 123 The cup-and-ball Macers.
1870 STI:INMLIZ Gaming Table II. vii. ^20 A well known
macer, who was celebrated for slipping an old gentleman
(a long card) into the pack.
t Ma cerable, <* Obs. rare, [as if ad. L.
*macerabilis, f. macerare to MACERATE.] That
may be macerated.
a 1631 UONNE 6V.r .SYrw. i. (1634) 30 Miserable, une\-
pressible, unimaginable macerable condition, where the
sufferer would be glad to be but a devil. 1742 KAMLS in
1 ftil. Trans. XLII. 33 The Auditory Hones are of a tar-
lareous kind of friable and easily macerable Substance.
t Macerate, ///. a. Obs. [ad.i,.tndcerat-us,
(. macerare to MACKBATE.] Wasted, weakened :
- the later MACEKATED.
1540-1 KLVOT Intake Gin . 30 Macerate with labour-, and
made feeble with age. 1632 H OHH-HS Kiglits 332 Shee
chuse. .not a man macerate and dryed vp with study.
Macerate (ina."scn:it), v. Also 6 7 masserate,
7mascerate. [f.],. maccrat-, ppl.stemof/it ;v;;v,
f. root mac-, pern. cogn. w. Gr. paacrttv (:*ititiky-,
innky-} to knead. > or the suffix cf. lolerare, rc-
, itperare. Cf. F. macfrcr]
1. ti-ans. To soften by steeping in a liquid, with
or without heat; to wear away or separate the
soft parts of, by steeping. Also with away. Ap
plied also to the treatment of food in the process
of digestion.
1563 T. GAI.K Antitfi f. n. TO Macerate them [s t . lard ami
rose leaves] and let them stand together -euen dayes. 1620
VKNNKK Via Recta vii. 133 They [jv. I ine-Apple .>r Null
must first be macerated the space of an home in uanne
uater,and then eaten. 1660 K. COKE l\Kucrl<( ^nl j. I-JM Imn
macerated with \inegar, so as it should be inflexible. 1691
RAY Crtalion 11714) 27 It is by the Heat thereof concocted
macerated and reduced into a Chyle or Cremor. 1759
Bko\\N Coinplcat Farmer 79 The gizzard that ma(.erati>
their food. 1773 COOK l iy. (1790) IV. 1418 The batk i-
rolled up, and macerated for s^ine time in water. 1822
IMLSON Sci. \ Art II. 178 Soak, or macerate the rags suf-
: liciently. 1835-6 Tonu Cycl. Anat. I. 47^/1 More < >m-
plete mastication is performed after the fuod has bc< n l-n.^
macerated in the paunch. 1875 DARWIN Inscctiv. I l. \i. oS
The leaves were macerated for some hours. 1899 Alllnitts
l Syst. Mcd. VI II. 558 In the axillary, anal and scrotal region,
i where the scales are often macerated away.
Jig. 1829 I.ANDOU linag. Cuir.: NVks. 1^46 II. 211 A gi
\\-iiter will nv>t. .maLerate things into such paiticles that
nothing shall be remaining of their natural contexture.
b. iiiti: for/rtw. To undergo maceration.
1610 I!. JoNSON.-JA//. ll. v, Let hem macerate, together. 1641
FRENCH Distill, ii. (1651)48 Beat the spices small and hrui-e
the Hearbs, letting them macerate twelve houres. 1755 II.
M \K i IN. Mag. Arts ff Sci. III. viii. 329 The ignoiant Farmer
cuts down his Corn and his Hay .. and leaves them tu
macerate.. in the soaking Showers. 1816 ACCUM Chat/.
Tests (iBiS) Si SufTering the whole to macerate for a few
hours. 1889 J. M. DUNCAN Led. Jlis.H cm. v. (ed. 4) .
If the liquor ainnii is not discharged it is absorbed, and llu:
: contents of the uterus either macerate or become mummified.
2. trans. To cause (the body, flesh, etc.) to waste
or wear away, esp. by fasting.
1547 BOOEUE Ere-.: Health i. 7 Fastynge to much it dryeth
and macerateth the body. 1613 PI-UCHAS Pilgrimage v.
xiv. 442 To.. macerate his body for his owne sinnes. 1647
CLAKKNUOX Contcinpl. t s. Tracts (1727) 415 Macerating
our bodies with imprisonments and torments. 1712 STKKI.K
Sfect. No. 282 T 5 The Happiness of him who is macerated
by Abstinence. 1830 D ISRAELI C/ias. /, III. vii. 135 Her
frame was macerated by her secret sotrows. 1860 I.
MARTIN Horace 24 The fierce unrest, the deathless flame,
That slowly macerates my frame. 1877 C. GEIKIE Christ
xxxiii. (1879) 385 Men who lodged in tombs and macerated
themselves with fasting.
t b. fig. To oppress, crush . Obs.
1637 BASTWICK Litany i. 4/1 They greatly dishonour his
Cesarean Majestic, & miserably afflict and macerate {printed
macecrate] his poore subiects. 1640 H. PARKER Case Shif
Money 46 Civill wars have . . infected and macerated that
goodly Country.
t c. intr. tor pass. To waste, pine away. Obs.
1599 MARSTON Sea. Villanie l. ii. 176 Once to be pursie
fat Had wont be cause that life did macerate.
t3. In immaterial sense : To fret, vex, worry. Obs.
1588 SPENSER / irg. Gnat 94 No such sad cares, as wont to
macerate And rend the greedie mindes of covetous men. 1591
Trout. Kaigne A , lohn (1611) 14 A viper, who with poysoned
words Doth masserate the bowels of my soule. a 1695 /.
CRADOCK .SVr/. on Charity duo) 8 Why dosome Christians
..macerate and torment themselves? 1761 STERNE T r.
Shandy III. iv, A city so macerated with expectation.
Macerated (mse-iras ted), ///. a. [(. MACK-
BATE v. -I- -ED 1 .] Ill senses of the vb.
1587 FLEMING Contn. Holiiuhtd\\\. I399/ 1 Whether it
were possible to find a bodie more withered, afflicted.
macerated,.. or pale. 1659 Gent/. Calling (1696) 98 It need
not doubt to maintain the Field against poor macerated
hearer, mace-bearer^ [etc.]. 1823 DK QUINC EY Incognito
Wks. 1862 X. 2 The chief-burgomaster .. turned the
1818 SCOTT Hrt. Midi, v, A"o oinnia as Mr. Crossmy-
loof said, when he was called by two macers at once, nan
omnia possniimspessimiispossimis. 1893 STEVENSON
Catriona 189 And the very macer cried Cruachan .
b. allrib. : t macer wand, a mace.
1535 STKWAR r Cron. Scat. 1 1. 677 [He] Arreistit thame, syne
with ane maissar wand, Or tha passit out of Northumber-
I land, Richt mony thousand of thame thair wes slane.
: Chastity. 1706 HEARNE Collect. 4 Mar. (O. H. S.) I. 197
What might recruit his macerated Body. 1899 AUtulfs
Syst. Met/. VIII. 611 This application is repeated, and the
macerated skin cleansed, every forty-eight hours.
al sol. 1694 MOTTF.UX Rabelais U737) v - 2 32 Th Opime
you d linquish for the Macerated.
Macerating (marseritin), vbl. sb. [f. MACE-
RATK v. t -ING !] The action of MACERATE v.
1600 SURFLET Country Faniie ill. Ixiii. 575 Infusion is
nothing else but a macerating or steeping of the thing
MACERATING.
6
MACHICOULIS.
intended to be distilled in some licour. 1630 BKAIHWAIT
Eng. GttUtew. (1641) 185 It is macerating ofthe flesh that
fattens the spirit. 1775 in ASH, Suppl.
Macerating (mce-sereitin ),///. a. [f. MACE
RATE v. + -ING -.] That macerates (see the vb.).
1689 HARVEY Curing Dis. by Expect, xiv. 113 The Jesuit
Confessor redoubles his macerating penance. 1836 J. M.
GULLY Magcndie s Formal, (ed. 2) 1^2 The disgusting
odour arising from the macerating intestines. 1899 Allhutfs
Syst. Mcd. VIII. 605 The macerating action of a plaster.
Maceration (mtt*erl Jan). [ad. L. macera
tion-em ^ n. of action f. macerare to MACERATE.]
1, The action or process of softening by steeping
in a liquid; also, the state of being subjected to
this process ; an instance of this.
1612 WOODALL Sttrg. Mate Wks. (1653) 2 7 2 Maceration is
preparation of things not unlike to Humectation. a 1652
J. SMITH Set. Disc. iv. 75 The very grass, .may,, .after many
refinings, macerations, and maturations .. spring up into so
many rational souls. 1691 RAY Creation I. (1692) 121 For
the maceration and dissolution of the Meat into a Chyle.
1794 SULLIVAN View Nat. II. 157 Decomposed by long
maceration in water. 1861 BUMSTEAD V cn. Dis. (1879) 59 1
The constant maceration of the mucous membrane of tlie
mouth. 1880 HUXLKY Crayfish iii. 100 When the exoskeleton
is cleaned by maceration.
attrib. 1898 A* cv. Brit.Pharm. 34 The maceration tinctures
are not to be made up to a prescribed volume with the
menstruum.
b. In smelting iron ore (see quot.).
1868 Ri p. to Govt. U. S. Munitions M ar 120 It [the
ore] is then allowed to remain exposed to the air for
a time long enough to permit the small traces of sulphur to
be dissipated, [etc.].. .This process is termed maceration.
c. quasi-a?w/ . A product of maceration.
1836 J. M. (ILLLY Magcndie*s Fonnul. (ed. 2) 153 He
collects ihe different spirituous macerations in an alembic.
2. The process of wasting or wearing away (the
body, flesh, etc.) ; mortification ; an instance of
this ; also the condition of being macerated.
1491 CAXTON I itas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) i. xl. 57 b/2
She ganf . . her body.. to were the hayre, and other macera-
cyons of the flesshe. 1605 BACON Adv. Learn, it. ix. 3. 37
Fu-am^, abstinences, and other macerations and humilia
tions of the bodie. 1628 UP. HALL Scrni. 30 Mar., Wks.
iSoS V. 361, I speak of a true and serious maceration
of our bodies by an absolute and total refraining from
sustenance. 1827 HAUL; Guesses Ser. i. (1873) J 7^ The
voluptuousness and the macerations of Oriental religions.
1856 KMEKSON Eng. Traits^ Race Wks. (Bohn) II. 31
In desciibing the poverty and maceration of Father Lacey.
1881 STEVENSON Virg. Puerisque 167 It should be a place
for nobody but hermits dwelling in pr.tver and maceration,
t 3. In immaterial sense : Fretting, vexation,
worry ; an instance of this. Obs.
1616 Kick Cabinet 142 b, Sorrow is the cause of., many
melancholike maladies and maceration.-.. 1645 IJr. HALL
Rente fy Discontents 163 What maceration is there here
with fuarei, and jealousies. 1669 CLARENDON Ess. Tracts
11727) 174 This maceration,, .is a saucy contradiction of
God s wisdom in the creation.
Macerator (mse wfoitar). Also macerater.
[ageut-n. f. MACERATED. : see -OR.] a. One who
macerates or mortifies (the bod\ r ). rare. b. A vessel
used for the process of maceration (Cent. /V<Y. 1891).
1891 AUGUSTA T. DRANE Hist. St. Dominic 167 A man of
rare abstinence, the frequent macerator of his own body.
t Ma Cery. Obs. In 6 masarie. [f. M.VCEU +
-Y.J The functions of a macer.
1545 Reg. Priry Council Scot. I. 7 Discharges all the saidis
ma^erU of all using of thair offices of masarie in all tymes
cuming.
Macfa rlanite. Min. [Named by A. H.
Siblcy, 1880, after T. Maffarlane^ who described
it: see -ITE.] *A mixture of huntilite, animikite
and ulher minerals, which constitutes the ore of the
mines at Silver Islet, Ontario* (A. H. Chester).
Mach, obs. form of MATCH sb. and v.
Mach@erod.ont (makl-JT^d^nt), a. ZooL ff.
Gr. f^a^atpa sword, sabre 4- 6bvvr- t oSovs tooth.]
Charactered by teeth like those of the genus
^IcicJiairodiis ; sabre-toothed.
1883 FLOWER in Kncycl. Brit. XV. 435, - Many modifica
tions of this commonly-called machairodont type have been
met with. Ibid.) The sabre-toothed or mach;erodont den
tition, the most specially carnivorous type of structure known.
t Machseromancy. Obs. rare- 1 , [f. Gr. ^a-
Xaipa sword + fjuivrtia divination.] (See quot.^
1653 GAULE Magastroni, 165 Macharomancy (sic] t [divin
ing] by knives or swords.
II Machairodus [mftkafrTtfd&s); Pafaont. Also
machserodus. [mod. I,. (Kaup 1^33), f, Gr.
paxatpa sword, sabre + oSouy tooth.] A genus of
extinct animals of the cat family, having the upper
canines enormously developed.
1836 BUCKLAND Geol. % Min. (1837*1 ! 9* ""^* 1839 /Vy
Cyci. XIV. 244/1 The canine teeth of Machairodus are very
far from those ofthe bears. 1880 HAWKINS Early Man 31
The Machairodus^ or sabre-toothed lion.
tMacham. Ofo.rarr- 1 , (See quot.)
i689[FAKK\\ I;I.L] Irish Hndibras^ Some play the Trump,
some trot the Hay, Some at Machain, some Noddy play.
inarg, note A Game at Cards.
Machamete, -ote, -yte, obs. ff. MAHOMET.
Machaii um>|tjirn). Also 9 muchan, mu-
charn. [Hindi machan^\ An elevated platform ;
a scaffolding erected to watch for a tiger, etc.
1886 YULE Hobson-Jobson t Muchan. 1887 J. C. FiFE-CooK-
SON Tiger Shooting 4i\V. at once arranged for a machan, or
platform, to be made in a neiglibouring tree from which be
could watch the kill. 1890 SIR S. W. UAKEK Wild Beasts I.
1 53 Branches . . so arranged as to form a screen that will con
ceal the watcher. . .This arrangement is called a mucharn .
IQOZ Speaker 6 Sept. 600/2 We struggle up the ravine to
our machans or rather the trees they are to be slung in.
Machance : see MAYCHANCK adv.
Machanic, obs. form of MECHANIC a.
Machavil(l )ian, obs. form of MACHIAVELLIAN.
Mache, obs. form of MATCH sb. and v.
Macheat, variant of MATCHKT.
i Machecole, v. Obs. Also 5 magecolle,
matchecole. [a. OF. machecoller, connected with
MACHICOULIS.] trans. To machicolate. Chiefly
in pa. pple.
I4i2-zo LYDG. Chron. Troy n. ii, The walles were. .Mage-
colled without for sautes and assaye. 1470-85 MALORY
Arthur vn. x, 226 They sawea toureas whyteas ony snowe
ui.l matchecold al aboute. ^1500 Melmine xix. 103 Forty-
fyed round aboute with grete toures machecolyd. 1530
PALSGR. 616/2, I mage colle (Lydgate).
Machecollate, obs. form of MACHICOLATE v.
Machecoulis : see MACHICOULIS.
t Maches. Obs. Also 8 masches, maschets,
maskets. [a. F. machc^\ The plant corn-salad
( Valerianella olitoria}.
1693 EM.LVN / t la Quint. Cotiipl, Card. II. 197 Maches,
are a sort of little Sallet . . seldom . . brought before any noble
Company. They are multiplied by Seed which is gathered
in July, and are only used towards the end of Winter. 1704
l)i<.t. Rust, fy Urb.) Maches or Maschets, 1706 PHILLIPS
(ed. Kersey), Maches or Masches, a kind of Corn-Sallet.
1719 LONDON & WISE Contpl. Card. 221 Maches.
Machetie, macheto, -ette: see MATCHET.
IVIacliiavel ma;*kiavel). Also 6 Machivell,
6 S Machiavell, 7-0 -vil. l, 7-9 Macchiavel.
[Anglicized name of Niccolo Machiovelli^ a cele
brated Florentine statesman, who advocated in his
work Del Principe the pursuit of statecraft at the
expense of morality.] One who acts on the prin
ciples of Machiavelli; an intriguer, an unscrupulous
schemer, f Also appositive.
1570 BUCHANAN Admonitioun \\ k^. (S. T. S.) 24 Proud
contempnars or machiavdl mokkans of all religioun and
vertew. 1597 J- PAYNE Royal Kxch. n, I wyshe you
bannishe from your tables niche Atheists and machlvells.
1598 SHAKS. Merry It/, m. i. 104 Am I politicke? Am I
subtle? Am I a Machiuell? l6 U. JUNSON Magn. Lady
i, The very Agat Of State and Politic: cut from the Quar of
Macchiavel. 1691 NOKKIS Pract. Disc. 20 Intreaguers and
Projectors, the very Machiavels of their age. 1712 ADDISOS
Sficct. No. 305 P 15 These young Machiavils will, in a little
time, turn their College upside-down with Plots and Strata
gems. 1775 SHERIDAN Duenna n. iv, Oh, this little cunning
head ! I m a Machiavcl a very Machiavel. 1863 KI-:ADI.
Hard Cash xxix, This artful man, who had now become a
very Machiavel.
Hence fMachiavelize v. intr. = Machiavdlianize.
t Machiavelizing 1 vhl. sb.
1611 COTGK., Machiavclizcr^ to Machiauelize it ; to prac
tise Machiauellisme. 1617 MINSHEU Dnctor, Mackwali~e.
1656 I!LOLNI Glos.ssgr.) Machcvalize or Machiavfliani -c.
1775 Asu, Suppl-, Machiavcli-ing) the act of practising the
politics of Machiavel.
Machiavellian (mcc^kiave-liau), a. and sb.
Forms: 6 Macciaveliau, 67 Mac(h)avil(l)ian,
Machevelian, -vilian, Machivil(l)ian, 7 Mac-
chiavilian, Matchia-, Matchievil,l;ian, 7-8
Machiavil(l)ian, 7-9 -velian,6- Machiavellian.
[f. MACHIAVEL or Machiavelli + -(T)AN.]
A. adj. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of
Machiavelli, or his alleged principles ; following
the methods recommended by Machiavelli in pre
ferring expediency to morality ; practising dupli
city in statecraft or in general conduct ; astute,
cunning, intriguing.
S79J -SiUBBES Gaping Ctil/C \ii.i, Thy:* absurd manner
of reasoning is very Macciauelian lugick. 1592 GKEENE
Croat s W, Wit (1617) ^5 Is it pestilent Machiuilian pawn
that thou hast studied? 1613 CHAI-MAN -AVrvw.o 1 /fussy
D Atiibois Plays 1873 II. 159 These are your Macheuilian
Villaines. 1631 GoumGMTv Arrows \. xix. 26 What got
that Machivillian politician Achitophell. 1637-50 Row I list.
Kirk (1842) 162 Divide ct rcgntt is an old Matchiavilian
max! me and trick. 1653 A. WILSON fas. I 185 The true
way of Treaties is with Christian, not Machiavclian policy.
i?za W. BOND Ded. to Hartcliffc s Virtues 5 The iclined
Matchiavillian thinkers have .. altered the very nature oi
tthicks. 1790 BUKKE Fr. Rw. Wks. V. 158 Where men
follow their natural impulses, they would not bear the odious
maxims of a Machiavelian policy. 1848 THACKERAY I an.
/ air xxiii, So this Machiavellian captain of infantry cast
about him for some, .stratagem, 1878 K. JENKINS ila--cr-
hclnic 63 Conducting hU party with Machiavellian subtlety.
B. sb. A follower of Machiavelli ; one who
adopts Machiavelli s principles in statecraft or in
general conduct.
1568 Satir. rociu^ Reform, ix. 1 13 This false Machivilian.
1598 MAKSTON I ygntal. it. 145 A damn d Macheuelian
Holds candle to the deuill for a while. 1608 WILLLT
II c.vapla Kxod. 320 Protagoras with the Machiauellians. .
were doubtful whether there were any God. i6d7 Husband-
watt s Pl,-a agst. Tithes 91 Never any Machivilian, or cruell
State Politician . . could never have devised a more effectuall
way. 1668 R. STKELK Husbandtnans Calling vii. (1672)
187 He hath need of discretion, .that he be neither monk
nor Matchevillian. 1710 STEELE Taller No. 193 f3 During
tliis Retreat the Machiavilian was not idle, but secretly
fomented Divisions. 1814 SCOTT Let. to J. B. S, Morritt
30 Ajir., An awful lesson to sovereigns that morality is not
bo indifferent to politics as Machiavellians will assert.
Hence Machiavellianism, the principles and
practice of Machiavelli or of the Machiavellians,
the employment of cunning and duplicity in state
craft or in general conduct ; an instance of this,
t MacMave llianize ?/., to practise Machiavellian
ism (Blount Glossogr. 1656). fMacMavcllianly
adv.) in a Machiavellian manner.
1626 BERNARD IshcfMaii (1627) 104 The Biljs of Indite-
nient framed by those false informers. . Formaline. . Mach ia-
\iliianisme, Statisme. .against Christian Conference. 1640
HOWELI. Dodona s Gr. 173 Behold a notable peece of machia-
villianisme. 1660 EVKI.VN A r c;M/r. />V.v5/^MLsc. Writ. 1805)
198 This impress he hath so Machiavelianly, and with such
art and cunning, besprinkled and scattered over the whole
paper. 1711 W. KING tr. Kande s Ref. Politics \. 19 The
courts . . where these M achiavilianisms are so common. i88z
PALGRAVE in Grosart Spenser s Wks. IV. p. xxv, The
Machiavellianism ofthe sixteenth century.
Machiavellic mx kiave lik), a. Also -velic.
[formed as prec. adj. +-IC.] Machiavellian.
\*&Blacku>. Mag. XLIII. 510 The Whigs indeed had
concocted their schemes beforehand with all the Machiavelic
forecast of veterans in the art of creating family broils. 1879
FAKKAR St. Paul (1883) 350 The astute and machiavellic
policy of Rome.
t Machiavelline, a. Obs. rare-*. In 7
Machiaveliiie. [funned as prec. -f -INK.] =-prec.
1602 PATEUICKE tr. Gcntillct 312 They have so well profited
in their Machiaveline philosophic, that [etc.].
Macliiavellism ^nw-ki&verliaan). Also 6-7
Machiavilisme, 7 -velism(e, iratchiavellisme,
9 Mac(c hiavelism. [formed as prec. -f -ISM.]
= MACHIAVELLIANISM.
1592 NASHE /*. Penilessc (Shaks. Soc.) 68, I comprehend
. . vnder hypocrisie, al Machiavilisme. 1607 WALKINGTON
Opt. Giass 66b, A brocher of dangerous matchiauellisme.
1617 Bi 1 . HALL Quo I adis f 21 Where had we . . the art of
dishonestie in practical! MachiaueHsme, in false equiuoca-
tions? 1810 BENT HAM Offic. Apt. Ma-vimizd t Def. Econ.
(1830* 57 A Government, in which, under the guidance of
upstart Machiavelism, titled and confederated imbecility
should lord it over King and people. 1897 Daily News
3 June 6/1 What., is the history of the Italian Republics.,
but the history of Macliiavellism before Machiavelli?
Ma chiave llist. Also 6 Machivelist, 7
BCfttohl(a)Tel(l)lct, 8-9 Machiavelist. [formed
as i>rcc. + -IST.] One who practises or favours the
principles of Machiavelli.
1589 NASHE Martins Months Mitidc To Rdr., I meddle
not here with the Anabaptists, Famely louists, Machiauel-
lists, nor Atheists. Ibid. H, Vee Machiuelists, Athiests,
and each mischieuous head. 1640 K. BAILLJE Cantcrb. Self-
Ctmvict. 7 The contrarie maximes of the Turkish Empire,
wherewith Matchivelists this day e^-ery where are labouring
to poyson the eares of all Christian Princes. 1799 Hull
Advertiser 6 July 1/4 A profound Machiavelist. 1829
Soi mi v.V/r T.. More II. 80 The art of directing enthusiasm
. . is the most difficult which the Machiavel lists of Papal
Rome have ever been called upon to practise.
Machicolate (matji-k^k t), v. Also 8-9 ma-
checollate, matchicolate. [f. ppl. stem of med.L.
wackicolJ^are^QY. machecoller: seeMACHECOLi:
j;.] trans. To furnish with machicolations. Chiefly
in Machi colated/tf. pple. and/p/. a.
1773 Gent I. Mag. XLIII. 5.^6 The gate-house, .is fortified
with a port-cluse or port-cullis, and machecollated. 1814
BKITION A re kit. Anttq. IV. ibi Cesar s- tower . . is sur
mounted by a bold maclncolated parapet. 1842 BAKHAM
Infll. Leg-* Bloitdie Jackc, With iron it s plated And
machecollated, To pour boiling oil or lead down. 1860
HAWTIIOKNE Marble Faun (1879! I. vi. 61 A mediaeval
tower, . . baitlemuited and machicolated at the summit. 1890
Times 8 Apr. 1 1/3 The machicolated towers of Kaglan Castle.
traasf. 1848 W. S. MAYO Kaloolah (1887) 7, I could see
t\ery .stone ofthe towers, matchicolated with stork s nests.
Machicolation (inatjik^ -jon). Arch. . [f.
pK C. : bCe -ATION.]
1. An Opening between the corbels which support
a projecting jiaiapet, or in the vault of a portal,
through which combustibles, molten lead, stones,
etc., were dropped on the heads of assailants.
Also, a projecting structure containing a range of
such openings*
1806 DALLAWAV Ofisfrv. Jyig. Archit. 92 Lofty embattled
walls . . cie.sted with hanging galleries and macuhicolations
which served the double purpose of military defence and
great external beauty. 1838 G. DOWNKS Lett. Ct>nf. Ow-
}rii s I. 521 The antique castle is furnished with a machico-
laiion. 1848 KICKMAN Arc/tit. 119 Wakefield steeple .. is
Mii-ular for its machicolations in the top of the tower. 1871
Miss BKAUDON Lovefyv. 87 The crenellated roof, with it*
machicolations, is considered a great success.
2. The action of discharging missiles, etc., through
such apertures. rare~ v ; perh. an error.
1828 32 in WEBSTER; and in later Diets.
II Machicoulis (m5fiktt*li). Also 9 mache-
coulis. machicouli, and in (juasi-anglicized form
machicoule. [F. machecoulis^ machicoulis, OF.
masihccoitlis.] =MACHIC<ILATIUN i.
1 793 SMEATON Edystone L. In trod. 4 A lodgment, in forti
fication called a Machicoulis, is built upon ihe wall over the
stairs. 1802 JAMKS Miiit. Dict.*.\., When a place is be
sieged, detached parties of the garrison may be posted in
I the several machicoulises 1851 J- m^rs Mag. XLIII.
I 154 A large granite block, formed like a muchicuule, and
MACHINA.
projecting from the front wall of the castle. 1859 PARKER
Hum. .4 rckit. III. i. 5 The bastions carried upon corbels,
with open intervals between them for throwing down, .mis
siles, and commonly known by the name of muckteofltt,
1865 STREET Gothic Archil. Stain 193 A parapet boldly
corbelled out on machicoulis from the walls. 1885 L\nv
HKRBKRT Ir. Lagrnngc s Life l~>upanlonp I. 340 This
picturesque old chateau, with its postern gate, its portcullis,
and machicoulis.
nltrili. 1834-47 J. S. MACAM.AY Field Forty. (1851) 151
The machicoulis gallery is made to project 2 feet from the
wall. 1860 TRISTRAM Gt. Sahara xi. 180 Guardrooms with
loopholes, -and machicouli qallery.
II Ma-china. Obs. PI. machinas. [L. mti-
tliina MACHINE.] = MACHINE in various senses.
1612 SMFI.TON >H/.r. I. v. I. 32 The Labourer grew almost
mad for Anger to heal- that Machina of Follies. 1622
MABBE tr. Ait man s Guzman ifA/f. n. 97 So great a Ma-
i hinri, and such a masse of things. 1640 GLAPTHORNE Hot-
l.intler IV. G 3, If I doe not second you confidently, may my
tongue be cramped,, .and the machma of my invention ruind
perpetually. 1653 H. MORE AnliJ. Ath. in. xi. (1712) 124
To assert that Animals themselves were Machinas. 1676
HALE Cinitempl. I. 220 One poor unthought of accident.,
breaks all to shivers the whole elaborate Machina.
t Machinal, a. Obs. [ad. L. machintll-is, f.
machina MACHINE. Cf. F. machinal^ Of or
pertaining to a machine or machines ; mechanical.
1680 Moxox Mec.h. Exerc., Turning 236 I!ut to make
it move thus . . there are required several Machinal Helps.
erection of the machinal crane-works.
t Machinament. Obs. [ad. L. machinll-
ment-nm, f. machinari (see next).] A contrivance,
engine, machine, vehicle.
1413 Pilgr. Sfnvle (Caxton) iv. xxix. (1859) 60 At the last
I saw before me a wonder machynament, and meruaylous !
c 1425 Found. St. Bartholomews 37 And skippynge forth
with all Iryne machynamentis he came to the doer. 1658
BROMHALL Treat. Specters IV. 255 A very stormy South-
wind did . . palsie and shoulder-shake . . machinaments and
fortifications. 1674 PETTY Disc. Ditpl. Proportion 7 Mate
rials applied . .to Carts, or any other Machinaments intended
for strength. 1727 in BAILEY vol. II.
Machinate (mse kin<rit), v. Also 7 machinal,
[f. L. machinal-, ppl. stem of mSchindri to con
trive, f. machina MACHINE.]
1. intr. To lay plots; to intrigue, scheme.
1600 W. WATSON Decacordon (1602) 243 Such persons as
shall machinate and deuise to execute such outragious
designements against their prince, 1680 DC/. Liberty agst.
Tyrants 130 A Tyrant conspires, machinates, and lays his
plots and practises. rt$oFrastr s Mag. I. 101 The blackest
treason may lurk and machinate at his very threshold. 1838
KABER liartoli ff Maffcis Life Xa- ier 3 1 2 Whilst the Portu
guese had been preparing for their departure, the bonzes
had been machinating against them.
2. trans. To contrive, plan, plot. Now rare.
1602 FULBKCKE inii rt. Parallel 23 Dolus bonus, is when
a man dotli machinate or deuise anie tiling to entrap a
thiefe, or a traytour. 1643 PRYNNE Konics Masttrptte* 14
He thought tit, that a desperate Treason, machinated against
so many soules was to be revealed. 1651 HOWKLL Venice
187 Which makes Urban the 8. ..to machinat violent means
for to invest his Nephews in another Princes Estate. 1760-72
H. BROOKE Fool of QueiL (1809) I. 122 The .. robberies,
massacres, and assassinations, that the violent machinate
against the peaceful. 1821 T. TAYLOR Apuleius 359 [He]
injures himself in a greater degree than he injures him
against whom he machinates destruction.
Machinating (mse-kiriitiq ),///. a. [-i.vc 2 .]
That machinates or plots ; given to plotting.
1748 RICHARDSON Clarissa (1811) III. 355 Willingness to
think well of a spirit so inventive, and so machinating. 1754
Grandisan (1781) V. xlii. 261 It was all open day, no
dark_ machinating night, in the heart of the undissemblin^
Olivia. 1900 O. ONIONS Compl. Bticlu-lvr v. 57 The ma
chinating married woman ! No bachelor is safe with her.
Machination m^ k hit J. HI \ Also7matchin-
ation. [ad. L. mSckitt&ttfn-m (either directly,
or through F. machination), n. of action f. inii-
chinan to contrive, MACHINATE.]
1. The action or process of contriving or plan
ning ; contrivance, intrigue, plotting. Now rare.
. S49 Compl. Scot. xi. 50 There liherte. .vas ane lang tyme
in captiuite, be the machination of $our aid enemes. 1605
SHAKS. Lcarv. i. 46 If you miscarry, Your businesse of the
world hath so an end, And machination ceases. 1651
HOBBES Ln>iat!i. I. xiii. 60 By secret machination, or by
confederacy with others. 1667 MILTON / . L. vi. 504 Some
one ..inspired With dev lish machination, might devise
Like instrument. 1835 I. TAYLOR Spir. Despot, iv. 159 The
machination in closets of interests that ought to be openly
discussed is a treason against the community.
2. An instance of plotting or contrivance ; an
intrigue, plot, scheme. Usually in bad sense.
i ] 477 P. AXT N J nsm 77 b . Some welwillars of the king . .
tolde to him the machinacion of Zethephius. 1339 CROMWELL
Let. 286 in Merriman Life <y Lett. (1902) II. 168 Albeit his
nignnes dothe in no wise feare any of his Censures attemp-
tates^or other malicious & devilishe machinacions. 1656
_: ~/-J " ^rtguarurui/t j.1 u. \ . OI OUt-ll iVICll
would stand up .. against the Machinations of Popery and
Slavery. 1749 FIELDING Tom Jones xvi. iv, To defeat my
wisest machinations by your blunders. 1855 MACAUI.AY Hist.
Eng. xiii. III. 306 Ludlow escaped unhurt from all the ma
chinations of his enemies. 1867 FREEMAN Norm. Conq.
(1876) I. iv. 224 The French and German writers know
nothing of these machinations of Arnulf,
f3. The nse or construction of machinery. Obs.
1641 EARL MONM. tr. Biondis Civil Warrcs iv. 50 Hoping
that time and hunger might effect that, which.. by all their
machinations and assaults they could not doe_. 1711 W.
SUTHERLAND Shipbuild. Assist. 21 Machination, or the
forming Machines or Engines.
f4. Something contrived or constructed ; esp. in
material sense, e.g. a mechanical appliance for war,
a framework or apparatus. Oh.
1605 BACON Adv. Learn, i. vi. 14 The Edict .. was ..
accounted a more pernitious engine and machination against
the Christian faith, than [etc.], 1613 R. CAWHRKY Table
Alph. (ed. 3), Machinations, war-like weapons. 1652 GAULE
Magastroin. 108 Will not then their whole machination, or
fabrick of judiciall Astrologie fall to the ground? 1680
MOXON Mech. E.rerc.) Turning 235 If the Puppet be made
to it with the Machination described in Plate 17.
Machinator (markin toj\ [a. L. machinator.
agent-n. f. machinari to contrive, MACHINATE.]
One who contrives or schemes; a contriver, intriguer,
plotter, schemer ; usually in bad sense.
1611 COTGR,, Machinatcur, a machinator, framer, deuiser,
(especially of bad things). 1627 H. BURTON Baiting Pope s
Bull 26 Their art infernal!,, .infused into them by that ..
chiefe machinator of all mischiefe. 1760 ( . JOHNSTON
C7iryj/(i822) II. 152 Not only escape the ruin meditated
against him, but also retort it on the machinators. 1839
I. TAYLOR Anc. Chr, I. Pref. 7 Certain wary machinators
around us. 1862 LATHAM Channel Isl. in. xvi. (ed. 2) 381
There were intrigues and divisions of all sorts : Lord Digby
being the chief machinator. 1892 / nil Mall G. 3 May 2/2
The machinators of the Union ..destroyed nearly every
document bearing on that shameful transaction.
Machine (mafrn), sb. Also "-S machin. [ad.
l \ machine ( ----- ^.maquina, Pg. maquina, machina.
It. macehina)j ad. L. machina t ad. Gr. fj.r]xavrj,
f. /*7?x oy contrivance, cugn. w. Teut. *magau to
be able (see MAY v.}.
The Fr. word has passed into all the mod. Teut. langs. :
G. waschinc, Du. machine, Da. in ask i tic, Sw. maskin.
In i7~i8th c. the word was often stressed on the first syll.]
1. A structure of any kind, material or im
material ; a fabric, an erection. Now rare.
\yftCompl.Scot. Ep. to Queen 3 The maist illustir potent
prince of the maist fertil & pacebil realme, vndir the machine
of the supreme olimp. 1599 A. HUME Hymnes ii. 38 Be
his wisdome. .so wondrouslie of nocht, This machin round,
this vniuers, this vther world he wrocht. 1674 PI.AYRWD Skill
Mus. Pref. 2 Disposing the whole Machine 01 the World. 1674
HICKMAN Quinquart. Hist. (ed. 2) 225 They that asserted
Universal redemption by the death of Christ destroyed
the whole Machine of the Calvinian predestination. 1682
N. O. tr. Hoileaus Lutrin i. 239 Behind this Machine
[a pulpit], cover d as with askreen, The Sneaking Chanter
scarce could then be seen. 1687 A. LOVELL tr. Thettenofs
7Vz . in. 23 They put fire next to a Machine which
seemed to be a blew Tree when it was on lire. 1697
DRVDEN dSntidn. 25 With inward Arms the dire Machine
[sc. the wooden horse] they load. 1753 HANWAY Trai 1 . (1762)
I. v. Ixii. 286 Her imperial majesty is drawn . . in a large
machine, which contains her bed, a table, and other conveni
ences. .. This machine is set on a sledge, and drawn by
twenty-four post horses. 1784 J, BARKY in Lcct. Paint, v.
(1848) 196 Had th 
