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876
Al
1915b

C. BERKELEY LIBRA; ,

- PACIFIC
INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION
SAN FRANCISCO 1915

The WaihUreen Co.

A
Cordial Welcome Awaits You

at the

Vvestinghouse Electric Exhibits

The Palace of Transportation

The Palace of Machinery
The Mine — Palace of Mines and Metallurgy

BEDS

Westinghouse Electric products are to be found
throughout the Exposition Grounds in the Exhibit
Palaces, Nation Buildings, State Buildings, and
the "Zone."

Westinghouse Electric achievements have made
large Expositions possible.

Its devices generate electric energy; transmit this
energy long distances to you; haul trains; operate
the street cars in which you ride; light your city;
convey minerals from vein to surface; drive ma
chinery in every kind of factory; bring assistance
and comfort to your home; start and light your

motor car; drive your electric pleasure vehicle

and do a multitude of other things.

Such devices can be seen in these exhibits. See
them, and when you buy

Specify Westinghouse Electric

Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co.

East Pittsburg, Pa. U. S. A.

Sales Offices in 45 American Cities

SEE OUR EXHIBIT

IN THE MINES BUILDING

A MINIATURE WHITE LEAD
FACTORY IN OPERATION

THE GRAND PRIZE

TWO GOLD MEDALS OF HONOR
ONE GOLD MEDAL

ARE THE AWARDS OF THE

PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL
EXPOSITION

W. P. Fuller & Co

Manufacturers of

Paints - Colors - Varnishes

and

Pioneer White Lead

OY INVITATION

MCMBCR or

MAGNETOS
SPARK PLUGS

VISIT OUR EXHIBIT IN THE
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING

BLOCK 13-A

Splitdorf Electrical Co,

NEWARK, N. J.

THE APPLE ELECTRIC CO.

NEWARK, N. J.

STARTING AND LIGHTING APPARATUS

STORAGE BATTERIES

AMMETERS

TIMERS

Our Entire Line is shown in the
Transportation Building, Block 1 3- A

Remington Typewriter Company Awards

at the

Panama-Pacific

International

Exposition

(Confirmed by Superior Jury)

Outrank and Outnumber All Others in Its Line

GRAND PRIZE— FOR "EXCELLENCE OF ITS PRODUCT."
GOLD MEDAL OF HONOR— FOR ITS "EDUCATIONAL VALUE."

GOLD MEDAL-FOR "FLEXIBILITY AND WIDE RANGE OF ITS
COMBINED TYPEWRITING AND ADDING MA
CHINE." (Wahl Mechanism.)

GOLD MEDAL— FOR ' 'QUALITY AND VARIETY" OF "REMTICO"
TYPEWRITER RIBBONS AND CARBON PA
PERS.

The Highest Possible Award in Every Department of Our Business

REMINGTON TYPEWRITER CO. [Inc.]

New York and Everywhere

San Francisco in 1915

A City of Remarkable
Development

San Francisco within the last ten years has been erected
anew Its buildings, its skyscrapers, are the products
•of splendid resourcefulness and energy And in this-
development no small part has been played by

OTIS ELEVATORS

The extent of the vertical expansion of any city rests
with the degree to which elevators are made practical
and safe. Otis Elevators are what they are and where
they are only because of anticipating and meeting every
modern requirement in elevator service The absorbing
chapters of the elevator's development, the devices by
which modern elevators are made safe, the methods of
their construction, operation, and application to our
tallest buildings, are picturesquely revealed in the

Palace of Machinery

just to the right of the west main entrance. Be sure to
visit the elevator exhibit

Otis Elevator Company

Offices in all Principal Cities of the World

See the Exhibit

H « A T> A " American /^il

I A.D.A. A^clSn Cheques

m the Palace of Mines
and Metallurgy, near the
main West entrance. It
is unique and interest
ing. Ask the Officers in
charge to explain the
advantages of "A.B.A."
Cheques, the safest, han
diest "travel money/

Illilji

The

HOTEL MCALPIN

Herald Square
NEW YORK

'HpHE perfect hotel; chosen by
:•* general preference not only
for its accessibility and superior
service, but quite as much for its
distinct atmosphere of sociability

Headquarters for the

PANAMA-PACIFIC

EXPOSITION
ORGANIZATION

in New York City

Tariff— $2.00 and up
wards for single rooms,
to $5.0C and upwards
fir luxurious suites

MANAGEMENT OF MERRY & BOOMER

Ifi

SEE

Ceresit First

In our exhibit in Machinery
Hall at San Francisco you will
find the waterproofing problem
presented in an artistic, interest
ing and forceful manner.

At International Exhibitions
CERESIT has been awarded 3
Grand Prizes, 1 State Prize and
6 Gold Medals. This testifies
to the efficiency of CERESIT
Compound as a waterproofer for
basements, reservoirs, cisterns,
cement coat houses, or any con
struction where dampness is to
be overcome.

You will find displayed the
merits of CERESIT Damp-proof
Coating, Damp-proof Plaster
Bond, Damp-proof Stone Back
ing, Concrete Floor Hardener,
and WEATHER-WEAR Storm
proof Roof Coat.

Write for our literature.

Ceresit Waterproofing Co.

General Offices:

900 Westminster Bldg., Chicago
101 Park Ave., New York

Made In U. S. A.

WOODROW
WILSON

'RESIDENT
THE UNITED STATES
COLGEOWGOETHALS CC.MOOR

VISITATION

T^namaT^ciflc
InternalionaHxposilio

|it IN CELEBRATION OJ7 THE OPENING

COPYRIGHTED, 1914
CAPT. J. RUPERT FOSTER, CONCESSIONAIRE, MARYSVILLE, CAL.

Perpetuate your visit to the Ex
position by the purchase of a
certificate of visitation. Prices
25 cents, 50 cents and $1.00

Head Office, Plaza on the Zone, next to
Gunst Cigar Store.

Booths, Palace of Manufactures. Palace of
Education.

Or order by mail Jrom Capt. J. Rupert Fos
ter, Marysville, Cal., Concessionaire

iiiiimmiimnniBlfl

T:
SERVICE:

SCENERY:

MEANS

Through Standard and Tourist
Sleepers— Observation Cars-
Dining Cars— Electric Lights-
Steam Heat- Day Coaches

Thru Daily Service to Denver,
Omaha, Kansas City, St. Louis
and Chicago, in connection with
Burlington — Missouri Pacific
-Rock Island

Marvelous Scenic Attractions
of Sierra and Rocky Mountains
seen from Car Window Without
Extra Expense for Side Trips

Tfie Distinctive San Francisco Line

FOR f ULL INFORMATION APPLY TO ANY
WESTERN PACIFIC AGENT OR

f. A. WADLEIGH

Passenger Traffic Manager, Denver, Colo.

E. L LOMAX

Assistant Passenger Traffic Manager, San Francisco, Cal.

iiiimmrl

SEPTEMBER EDITION

Official Guide

of the

Panama- Pacific International Exposition — 1915

San Francisco, California, U. S. A.

Opening Day February 20, 1915
Closing: Day, December 4, 1915

Containing a complete index to all features of the Exposition, maps,

locations of all buildings and Exposition structures

as well as

A complete guide to the Exposition sculpture, mural paint
ings, architecture and inscriptions and brief descriptions

of the exhibit .palaces, state, t-eiritorial and foreign .

buildings, from official data supplied
by the- several Exposition
'

Illustrated with photographs of the distinctive

structures, statuary and best views

about the grounds

Issued by Authority of the

Panama-Pacific International Exposition

The Wahlgreen Company

Official Publishers

San Francisco

Introductory.

The principal function of the Official Guide
being to direct rather than to describe, the aim
has been to indicate the principal objects of
interest without comment; in other words, to
tell what there is to be seen and where to find it.

The arrangement of the Guide follows, in
general, the natural divisions of the Exposition.

The visitor is first confronted with the general
Exposition spectacle. Therefore, each of the
features that contribute to the spectacle —
architecture, sculpture, color scheme, mural
paintings, gardens, illumination, etc. — have
been treated first, separately and in brief, under
"General Description of the Exposition."

These subjects are also treated in relation to
the several "Palaces and Courts." under that
heading. -

The palaces and courts are presented in a
definite order as though the visitor were being
conducted personally about the grounds.

The indexed map under the front cover will
give the location of any building on the
grounds.

A complete index will be found at the end of
the Guide.

The illustrations are from photographs fur
nished by the Cardinell-Vincent Co., official
photographers, studio located at the Fillmore
Street entrance to. the. Zone. m

HOW TO REACH THE EXPOSITION GROUNDS

All of the principal street car lines that do not run direct to the
Exposition grounds give transfers to direct lines.

There are two principal street car systems: the Municipal Railroad,
owned and operated by the city, and the United Railroads. At the
main points of intersection along Geary street, at Stockton and Ellis,
and at Union and Hyde streets, transfers are exchanged between the
cars of the two systems.

Direct lines to the Exposition grounds run from the Union Ferry
Depot at the foot of Market street, and from the section of the city
south of Market street west on Polk street and Fillmore street.

From the Ferry Depot boats connect with the Key Route, Southern
Pacific and all other railroads on the other side of the bay.

A regular schedule is maintained by the ferry boats of the Key
Route System between the Exposition Ferry slips and the Key Route
pier, on the east side of the bay, where trains communicate with
Oakland, Berkeley and other points in Alameda county

ENTRANCES TO THE GROUNDS

There are eight entrances to the Exposition grounds, as follows:

Ferry Station, north east of Palace of Machinery, reached by ferry
boats of the Key Route system.

Laguna Street Entrance, north side of grounds, reached by cars
of the Municipal Railroad. This entrance leads to the western portion
of the Zone (street of amusements.)

Van Ness Avenue, at eastern end of the grounds, reached by United
Railroads and Municipal Railroads. This entrance gives onto the east
ern end of the Zone.

Fillmore Street Entrance, south side of the grounds, reached by
United Railroads and Municipal Railroad. This entrance gives onto
the Avenue of Progress which lies between the Palace of Machinery
and the main group of Exposition palaces.

Just within this entrance on the west is the Service Building, and on
the east the entrance to the Zone.

Scott Street, the main entrance to the grounds, reached by Municipal
Railroad. This entrance gives access to the central portion of the
Exposition, and is the starting point for the circuit of the main features
of the Exposition as presented in this Guide. See "Palaces and
Courts."

Baker Street, south side of grounds, reached by Union Street cars
of the Municipal Railroad. This entrance gives onto Administration
Avenue, which runs between the main group of palaces and the Palace
of Fine Arts, and terminates at the California building, where the
administrative offices of the Exposition, the quarters of the Woman's
Board, and the displays of the California Counties are to be found.

Just within this entrance, on the left, is the Inside Inn. On the right
are the Horticulture Gardens and the Palace of Horticulture.

Lyon Street, south side of grounds, for the use of automobiles and
other vehicles only.

Presidio Entrance, from the Presidio, south side of the grounds,
reached by the Union Street car line of the Municipal Road. This
entrance leads from the United States Military Reservation directly to
the foreign section of the grounds. It is also the most convenient to
the State Buildings, the Live Stock section, the Race Track, the Polo
Field and the Athletic Field at the Western end of the grounds.

Post Road Entrance, from the Presidio. Service entrance for
vehicles only.

BRIEF DIRECTIONS

The visitor will be guided by remembering that the Tower of
Jewels is about the center of the Exposition and is immediately op
posite the Scott street entrance — the main gate.

North is the water side of the Exposition. The Zone is to the east
of the Exhibit Palaces, while the State and Foreign buildings, the Live
Stock section, the Race Track and Athletic Fields are to the west.

A General Information Bureau will be found in the Press Building,
the first structure to the right of the Scott street entrance.

The Eight Exhibit Palaces, Education, Liberal Arts, Manufactures,
Varied Industries, Mines and Metallurgy, Transportation, Agriculture
and Food Products, form the main group of the "walled city," with the
Tower of Jewels in the center. Machinery Palace is on the east of this
group. The Fine Arts Palace is at the west. The Palace of Horticul
ture is at the left hand as you enter the Scott street entrance. Festival
Hall is at the right.

The Courts which connect the main group of exhibit palaces are: at
the east "Court of Abundance," surrounding which are Palaces of
Varied Industries, Manufacturers, Transportation, and Mines. South of
this is a smaller court, "The Court of Flowers." The central link in the
chain of courts is the "Court of the Universe." "The Court of the
Four Seasons," on the west, completes the chain. Surrounding it are
Palaces of Agriculture, Food Products, Education, and Liberal Arts.
The smaller court south is the "Court of Palms."

The South Gardens fill the area between the Scott street entrance,
the Avenue of Palms, the Palace of Horticulture and Festival Hall.

The Marina lies north of the main group of exhibit palaces, the Es
planade forming its south boundary, with the Yacht Harbor and the
California Building on the west, the Ferry slips on the east; San
Francisco Bay forming its northern line.

The Yacht Harbor, at the western end of the Marina, has on its
outer breakwater a" reproduction of Morro Castle, from which the
searchlights are played.

A Lost and Found Department is located in the Office of the Guards,
in the small building, west of the Service Building.

Lost Children will be taken to the lost and found department in the
Service Building.

The Stadium is in the center of the Live Stuck area.

The Band Concourse is at the west end of the Avenue of Palms,
adjoining the Inside Inn and close to the Baker Street entrance.

Location of Offices. — The President, Secretary, Treasurer, Director
in Chief, Board of Directors, and general administration offices are lo
cated in the administration wing of the California Building.

The Director of Exhibits, Director of Works, Director of Conces
sions and Admissions, Chief of Special Events, Comptroller, and
Commandant of the Guards are located in the Service Building.

The Director of the Division of Exploitation is located in the Press
Building.

The offices of the chiefs of the various exhibit departments are lo
cated in their respective buildings.

(For exact locations of buildings, etc., see indexed map under cover.)

General Description of the Exposition.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY

The Panama-Pacific International Exposition originated in a sug
gestion by R. B. Hale, now Vice-President of the Exposition Company,
as far back as January }2, 1904, in a letter from Mr. Hale to his
fellow members of the directorate of the Merchants' Association.

The first Exposition Bill in San Francisco's behalf was introduced
at Washington early in 1906 and was notice that San Francisco
claimed the next international exposition. In November, 1909, 2,500
representatives of the membership of the commercial organizations of
the city were interrogated by mail as to whether they wanted an
exposition, and as the return vote was almost unanimously in favor,
a mass meeting was called for on the floor of the Merchants' Ex
change on December 7, 1909. This was one of the several meetings
that resulted in the formation, on March 22, 1910, of the Panama-
Pacific International Exposition Company.

A mass meeting, at which $4,098,000 was subscribed by popular
subscription, was held on the floor of the Merchants' Exchange
April 28, 1910.

On February 15, 1911, President William H. Taft signed the bill,
recognizing San Francisco as the city to hold the official Exposition in
Celebration of the Building and Completion of the Panama Canal, San
Francisco having won the endorsement of Congress after a spirited
contest for that honor with New Orleans. The Exposition site was
selected in July, 1911. President Taft broke ground for the Exposition
October 14, 1911. The first contract let for an exhibit palace was for
the Palace of Machinery, January 7, 1913, and the building was com
pleted on March 10, 1914. The Exposition established a record in
the history of world expositions by being structurally complete three
months beforehand, and completely ready on the opening day.

PREPARATION OF GROUNDS

At the beginning of 1912 much of the site was low and some of it
under water. The first work necessary was to fill these low places,
which was done by dredging sand from the bay. The amount and cost
of this fill was approximately as follows:

Harbor View basin, 1,300,000 cubic yards, cost $220,000

Presidio lands, 400,000 cubic yards, cost 81,000

$301,000

The dredging was completed about the end of 1912.
In October, 1912, grading by teams for streets, courts, etc., was start
ed. The total cost was approximately $200,000.

A $50,000,000 INVESTMENT

Beginning with a nucleus of $4,000,000, subscribed by citizens of
San Francisco in two hours at a mass meeting at the Merchants
Exchange, the Exposition rapidly grew until it stands today as a $50,-
000,000 enterprise. To this initial subscription the citizens of San Fran
cisco at a later meeting contributed $3.500,000 additional, making a
total by popular subscription of $7,500,000. Other sums, making up
the grand total of $50,000,000, are: State of California, $5,000,000 by
bond ksue, City of San Francisco by bond issue, $5,000,000; expended
by states and territories in buildings and displays, exclusive of Cali-

fornia, $8,000,000; counties of California, $3,000,000; invested in con
cessions, $10,000,000, expenditures by foreign governments, $5,000,000,
and expenditure by individual exhibitors, $6,500,000.

SCOPE

The Panama-Pacific International Exposition at San Francisco is
the world's celebration of the opening of the Panama Canal. It is
the third Exposition of its class held in the United States, and the
twelfth in the history of Expositions. It is essentially contempo
raneous, no exhibit being eligible for award unless produced since the
St. Louis Exposition ten years ago, or unless it is a product that has
not been impro'ved upon within that period. The Panama-Pacific Inter
national Exposition therefore represents a decade in the material prog
ress of civilization. In order to receive rating as a universal Exposi
tion, it must make a comprehensive showing of the achievements of
all civilized nations in all lines of human endeavor. The Exposition
does this. It is an epitome of civilization. The long step forward
taken by the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, over all expo
sitions that have preceded it, is largely a reflection of the advance
made by the world in the arts, sciences and industries since the last
Exposition was held.

EXHIBITS.

The exhibits and their installation represent an expenditure of more
than $10,000,000. In the eleven exhibit palaces are some 70,000 sepa
rate exhibits. More than fifty miles of exhibit aisles divide the inte
rior of the palaces.

The units of representation include nations of the world, States of
the United States. Municipalities, the fifty-eight Counties of California
and individual exhibitors. Displays are placed in many of the Na
tional and State Pavilions, as well as in the Exhibit Palaces.

Under the head of "Palaces and Courts" in this guide will be found
an outline of the scope of the exhibits within each palace. With the
descriptions of the several State and Foreign Buildings the distribu
tion of the exhibits of each State and Nation is indicated.

Locations of exhibits may be ascertained by consulting the complete
list of exhibits in all palaces printed in the Official Catalogue of
Exhibits, for sale on the grounds.

LOCATION

The Exposition covers two and one-half miles along the southern
shore of San Francisco Bay, just inside the famous Golden Gale.
On each flank are eminences crowned with the Government fortifica
tions of Fort Mason, to the east, and the Presidio battlements to the
west. Across the bay are the hills of Marin County and majestic Mt.
Tamalpais. In back of the Exposition and framing it in a natural
amphitheater are the heights of San Francisco. The Exposition is
within a twenty-minute ride from the heart of the downtown district
and transportation facilities are ample for any pressure of attendance
by many routes of superior accessibility.

LAYOUT OF GROUNDS

There are three main divisions of the Exposition: the central, con
taining the exhibit palaces and the courts; the western, containing
the state and foreign buildings and live stock section, race track,
aviation and athletic fields; the eastern containing the amusement
structures of the Zone, on either side of a 3,000 foot boulevard.

The 635 acres covered by the site are divided as follows:

Exhibit Palaces 220 acres

State and Foreign Sites 110 acres

Live Stock Section 30 acres

Aviation Field and Race Track • 40 acres

Concessions 70 acres

R. R. Terminals, docks, ferry slips, service yards, etc 165 acres

ARCHITECTURE

Considered by the standards established in the building of previous
expositions, the general architectural scheme of the structures at San
Francisco, is revolutionary. Here there is harmony of effect attained
without the monotony that comes with rigorous uniformity.

The idea of a complete, definite plan to which each building is
contributory as a unit has, at this Exposition, supplanted the more
familiar method of grouping together a great number of individual
structures and the dominant influence in determining this architectural
treatment was the unique and magnificent site on which the completed
structures now stand.

Bordering on the broad expanse of San Francisco Bay, the site
and atmospheric color both strongly suggest the Mediterranean,
and in this setting the scheme that seemed most appropriate to the
architectural commission and capable of a high expression of beauty
was that of a city of the Far East, its great groups of buildings
"walled in" and sheltering its many courts. Aside from the possi
bility of great architectural beauty that such a scheme presents,
its adoption was further recommended by its value as a practical
working plan — minimizing the difficulties of handling crowds, as
well as enabling the visitor to get over the grounds with the least
effort, demonstrating that the practical may also be beautiful, and that
neither quality need be weakened by the presence of the other.

Planning and executing the architecture of the Exposition, the
builders have wrought in a complete harmony, trying insofar as it \
might be possible to, make of painting, sculpture, landscape and archi- \
tecture, a composite mind, which should always feel the absolute
need of each of its parts, and realize that no one of them could
stand alone.

As is fitting in an Exposition which is a meeting place of the na
tions, expression has been given to many of the great types of
architecture, both of the old world and the new. Thus the Court
of the Universe, the Palace of Fine Arts, Machinery Hall, the Court
of Four Seasons, all may be said to spring from the same Roman
or Greek models, yet nothing could be more distinct in detail, charac
ter and effect than are these different spots. So, too, both Fes
tival Hall and the Palace of Horticulture, are designed in the feeling
of the French Renaissance and are at the same time as unlike as
one can imagine.

The Court of Abundance, which has a suggestion of the Spanish and
the Gothic has been given by its designer an atmosphere quite its
own, while the Courts of Palms and Flowers show strongly the
influence of different periods of the Italian Renaissance, although an
effort has been made to let it be merely an influence and not a complete
dominance.

In the Tower of Jewels, the most commanding feature of the
plan, an almost entirely new note has been struck. While all the
detail may be quite familiar to us, its massing and composition are
such that we feel at once a real freedom of thought.

Lastly, the California Building, perhaps the most interesting from
this standpoint, is a collection of motives taken literally from the
different missions of California, yet so combined and developed as
to form a structure which would certainly seem unfamiliar to the
old Mission builders.

The north and south facades of the Palaces composing the outer
wall (of the "Walled City") are in general a liberal treatment of
the "Plateresque" period of Spanish architecture, so called because
of its resemblance to the work of the "plateros" or silversmiths, of
the 16th century.

THE ARCHITECTS

The men who contributed to the exposition include some of the
best known architects in the United States.

The block plan, for the laying out of the exposition, and the
arrangement and design of the palaces were adopted by an Archi
tectural Council of nine, into which was incorporated an original
Architectural Commission of three, consisting of Willis Polk, W. B.
Faville and Clarence R. Ward, all of San Francisco.

During its deliberations the Architectural Council was assisted
by E. H. Bennett, the eminent authority on city planning, who was
engaged for the purpose by the Division of Works.

The Architectural Council appointed George W. Kelham, of San
Francisco, chief of architecture, and assigned to each of its members,
and to certain other architects of note, a particular portion of the
work.

The architects, with the work for which they are responsible, are
enumerated below:

W. B. Faville, of San Francisco — Exterior wall of the "main
group" of palaces, with its entire architectural decoration.

Clarence R. Ward, of San Francisco — Palace of Machinery.

George W. Kelham, of San Francisco — Court of Palms and Court
of Flowers.
— Carrere & Hastings, of New York — Tower of Jewels.

McKim, Mead & White, of New York — Court ^f the Universe.

Henry Bacon, of New York — Court of the Four Seasons.

Louis Christian Mullgardt, of San Francisco— Court of Abundance.
-Robert D. Farquhar, of Los Angeles — Festival Hall.

Bakewell & Brown, of San Francisco — Palace of Horticulture.

B. R. Maybeck, of San Francisco — Palace of Fine Arts.

MATERIALS

The soft tone of the Exposition palaces and their substantial
appearance is supplied by the use of a specially prepared material
that simulates the travertine marble of which many of the structures
of ancient Rome were built. The artificial travertine was perfected
for the Exposition's use by Paul E. Denivelle. The material has
never before been used extensively in this form, though a portion
of the Pennsylvania Terminal in New York City is of a somewhat
similar substance.

The simulation of travertine is composed of fibre and a gypsum
product mined in Nevada. The coloring, which is similar to old-
ivory, is supplied by special formulae. The dull tone is easy on the
eyes, even in the most glaring sunshine; a distinct departure from
the vast white wall-spaces of previous expositions.

All of the Exposition buildings with the exception of the frames
of the Tower of Jewels, the Palace of Fine Arts and the Palace of

Horticulture dome are of wood, more than 70,000,000 feet of lumber
having been used in their erection.
The three structures enumerated are of steel.

THE EXPOSITION SCULPTURE

The sculpture is the real key to the spirit^ of this Exposition. It
symbolizes the achievement and tells the' story of the great triumph of
the United States, and the devotion of those who toil, which has
made possible the completion of the Panama Canal after more than
fifty years of unavailing effort.

Sculpture is the most important of arts to an Exposition. Archi
tecture, without it would be cold and without appeal; color have no
lovely shapes on which to rest.

The work represents the last word in Exposition sculpture. It
is remarkable for the evidence it gives of increasing development
in the art as contrasted with the looser work of former expositions.
Never before have sculptors anywhere, so completely played their
most important roles in the ensemble setting that constitutes our
Exposition visually. On arches and columns, in niches, fountains
and free standing groups, they sing of many themes, always in
harmony, but with no loss of character or individuality.

The heart of the symbolic significance of the sculpture is centered
in the motifs that have been treated in the central axis of the plan
of the Exposition from south to north, from the main Scott street
entrance, to the bay. The "Fountain of Energy" — a joyous aquatic
triumph, celebrating the completion of the Panama Canal — first greets
the visitor in the center of the South Gardens. Passing this, on each
side of the great archway of the Tower of Jewels, are stationed the
equestrian statues of "Pizarro" and "Cortez." Within the colonnades
at each end are the mural fountains "Youth," by Edith Woodman
Burroughs in the east, and "El Dorado," by Mrs. Harry Payne Whit
ney, on the west. Arriving within the Court of the Universe, which
is of any one place the best to obtain a general conception of the
scope of the sculpture, we realize that here enclosed by the sweeping
starcapped colonnade is the arena of universal themes; the titani^
Elements slumber on the terrace wall; the lighter themes of Musir
and Dance decorate positions in front of the Triumphal arches o{
the Rising and Setting Sun, themselves richly loaded with delicate
relief sculpture of great beauty, they form magnificent piles crowned
by the distinguished groups of the "Nations of the East" and "Na
tions of the West" here brought face to face. Before them in the
Sunken Garden the handsome architectural fountains of the two suns
play. At the north entrance, a colossal sentinel, stands the "Col
umn of Progress," symbolizing progressive human effort, balanced at
the end of the south vista by the "Fountain of Energy" joyously
proclaiming the triumph of the monument — the Achievement of the
Canal.

Sculpture, like music, embodies a mood. The fountains, of which
there are nine, may be described in a word as follows:

1. Fountain of Energy: Joyous.

2. Fountain of Life: Dramatic.

3 and 4. Fountains of Rising and Setting Sun: Architectonic

5. Fountain of Youth: Naive.

6. Fountain of El Dorado: Realistic.

7. Fountain of Ceres: Classic.

8. Fountains of Four Seasons: Pastoral.

9. Fountain of Beauty and the Beast; Playful.

"The Setting Sun"

Figure at top of Fountain of the Setting Sun in Court of the Universe

The small models for the Exposition sculpture were executed mostly
in New York. The enlargements to the size desired, were made in
the sculpture studios on the grounds by means of a pointing device
perfected by one of the sculptors, Robert Paine. Upwards of five
hundred enlargements were made with this apparatus.

"The Rising Sun"

Figure at top of Fountain of Rising Sun in Court of the Universe

Forty-two sculptors in all have contributed to the Exposition. The
list of artists with their work and the location of each is printed below.
Description of the sculpture will be found under the heading "Palaces
and Courts" in this Guide, where each work is treated in relation to
its position.

FOR COMPLETE INTERPRETATION OF THE SCULPTURE
AND MURAL PAINTINGS SEE "OFFICIAL SCULPTURE
BOOK," BY STELLA G. S. PERRY, FOR SALE ABOUT THE
GROUNDS AND ELSEWHERE.

LIST OF SCULPTURES
South Gardens:

Fountain of Energy (center) ..................... ........ A. Stirli Calder

The Mermaid (fountains in long pools) ..................... Arthur Putnam

Equestrian Statue "Cortez"

Equestrian Statue of "Pizarro" ................. '. /...V'.VCtortc Rumsey

Horticultural Building:

Frieze at Base of Spires ................................ Eurene Louis Boutier

Pairs of Caryatides ............ , ............................... John Bateman

Tower of Jewels:

Statues of "Priest," "Soldier," "Philosopher" and "Adventurer". John Flanagan
The Armored Horseman (Terrace of Tower) .................. F. M. L. Tonetti

Tower of Colonnades:

Fountain of Youth (east end) ............. . ........ Edith Woodman Burroughs

Fountain of El Dorado (west end) .................. Mrs. Harry Payne Whitney

Festival Hall:

Figure crowning minor domes .................................. Sherry E. Fry

Two groups in front of Pylons ................................. Sherry E! Fry

Cartouche over entrance (figures only) ......................... ' Sherry E! Fry

Reclining figures on Pylons ..................................... Sherry E. Fry

Court of Palms:

Equestrian statue, "The End of the Trail." at entrance ......... James Earl Fraser

The Fairy (Italian Towers — Palms and Flowers) ................... Carl Gruppe

Caryatides ..................................... John Bateman and Mr Calder

Spandrels ................................................ '. . Albert Weinert

Court of Flowers:

Equestrian statue, "The Pioneer" ............................... Solon Borglum

Lions (at entrances) .......................................... Albert Laesslie

The Fairy (above Italian Towers) ................................ Carl Gruppe

Central Fountain, "Beauty and the Beast" ....................... Edgar Walter

Flower Girls (in niches) .................................. . .A. Stirling Calder

Court of Abundance:

Group on altar in main tower .................................. Chester Beach

Group at base of altar ......................................... Chester Beach

Group on top of cascade ...................................... Chester Beach

Group at column base and finials (foot of cascades) ................. Leo lentelli

Fountain of the Earth (central pool) .......................... Robert I. itken

Figures on top of Arcade ...................................... Albert Weinert

Aquatic Life (north extension) ................................. Sherry E. Fry

Court of the Universe:

Nations of the _East; Nations of the West ...............................

..... A. Stirling Calder, Leo Lentelli and Frederick G. R. Roth, collaborators

Statues on columns (eastern and western arches) .................. Leo Lentelli

Spandrels, Pegasus ....................................... Frederick G. R. Roth

Medallion ...................................................... B. Bufano

Medallion ................................................. A. Stirling Calder

The Stars (colonnades) ..................................... A. Stirling Gilder

Frieze on corner pavilions, "Signs of the Zodiac" ........... Herman A. MacNeil

Two fountains, "Rising Sun" and "Setting Sun" ............ Adolph A. Weinman

Four reclining figures, "The Elements" ....................... Robert I. Aitken

Four groups ................................................. Paul Manship

Plaza Front of Machinery Palace:

Monument, "Genius of Creation" ................. ....... Daniel Chester French

Court of Four Seasons:

Four groups representing "The Seasons" ....................... Furio Piccirilli

"The Harvest" (above the half dome) ........................... Albert Jaegers

"Rain" and "Sunshine" (figures on columns) .................... Albert Jaegers

Groups, "Feast of Sacrifice," on pylons in forecourt ............... Albert Jaegers

Fountain, "Ceres" .................................. Evelyn Beatrice Longman

Spandrels (arcade) ........................................... August Jaegers

Attic figures ................................................. August Jaegers

Varied Industries Palace:

Tympanum group ............................................. Ralph Stackpole

Secondary group, doorway .................................... Ralph Stackpole

Figure for niches, doorway (man with the pick) ................ Ralph Stackpole

Figure for keystone ......................................... Ralph Stackpole

Figure for niches, east facade, this palace ...................... Albert Weinert

West Wall of Palaces (Facing Fine Arts):

Motifs for wall niches ("Triumph of the Field and Abundance")

Charles R. Harley

Figures on columns (flanking half dome) of "Philosophy" and of "Physical

Vigor" Ralph Stackpole

Palace of Fine Arts:

Figures on column, interior of rotunda , . . . .Herbert Adams

Figures in attic, rotunda Ulric H. Ellerhusen

Frieze on altar * Bruno Louis Zimm

Relief panels for rotunda Bruno Louis Zimm

Friezes around base on ground Ulric H. Ellerhusen

Figures on flower boxes Ulric H. Ellerhusen

Kneeling figure on altar Ralph Stackpole

North Facade, Main Group of Exhibit Palaces:

Figure for central niches, "Conquistador" Allen Newman

Figure for side niches, "The Pirate" Allen Newman

Column of Progress:

Bas relief (four sides of pedestal) Isidore Konti

Finial group, "Adventurous Archer," frieze and decoration. .. .Herman A. MacNeil

Palace of Machinery:

Figures on columns (Four "Powers") Haig Patigian

Eagles C. H. Humphries

Friezes for columns, vestibule Haig Patigian

Spandrels (two pair) Haig Patigian

Repeated figure within Half Dome of Philosophy Albert Weinert

Repeated figure within Half Dome of Physical Vigor Earl Cummings

Friezes and figures in niches, main south entrance (portals, Manufactures and

Liberal Arts Palaces) Mahonori Young

Tympanum panels (west and south entrances Palace of Education) . Gustave Garlach

Panels inlaid in walls over minor entrances

Pupils of School of Sculpture of Society Beaux Arts, Architects and Na
tional Sculpture Society.
"Victory," figure on gables of palaces Louis Ulrick

THE COLOR SCHEME

The Panama-Pacific is the first Exposition at which a definite and
comprehensive color scheme has been employed. It has been utilized,
too, with such success as to be recognized as one of the principal
distinguishing features of the Exposition. Jules Guerin, the famous
illustrator and colorist, made the selection of colors to harmonize
with the Exposition -setting on the shores of San Francisco Bay, and
supervised their application to every detail of the Exposition, from
the tops of the domes to the uniforms of the Exposition guards.

The color ground of all building surfaces is that of the simulation
of travertine marble of which they are composed. On this has
been applied the series of colors for decorative effect in the following
general manner:

Pompeiian red predominates for flat walls.

Cerulean blue has been used frequently on the ceilings of vaults
and in recesses.

A deep gold and a blue-green have been used for picking out various
features of ornamentation.

The domes generally are a Nile or Turquoise green, with burnt
orange for the smaller domes.

A terra cotta gold tone has been used extensively for the statuary,
also in enriched backgrounds of ornament.

The flag poles are an orange-pink.

The lattices and woodwork and the benches about the gounds
are French green.

In addition to these colors numerous similar tones and modified
tints have been used.

The Official Exposition Colors are those used in the flags and
streamers. They are: Cerulean Blue, Pastel Red, and Burnt Orange,
with Red and Orange predominating.

THE MURAL PAINTINGS

The Exposition marks a triumph in exterior decorative effects, par
ticularly in the character and placing of the mural paintings which
adorn the courts and palaces.

In addition to the most celebrated painters of America, Frank
Brangwyn, doubtless the most famous mural painter of England, is
represented. Dodge and Robert Reid have won French medals;
Hassam, Reed and Simmons are of the "Ten American Painters" who
seceded from the Academy and formed a society of their own. The
other painters, all of whom have won numerous honors, are Frank
DuMond, William DeLeftwich Dodge, Charles Holloway, Milton
Bancroft, Arthur Matthews.

A list of the mural paintings with their location follows. Interpre
tations of the paintings will be found under "Palaces and Courts" in
this Guide, AND MORE IN DETAIL IN THE "OFFICIAL
SCULPTURE BOOK," BY STELLA G. S. PERRY, SOLD ON
THE GROUNDS AND ELSEWHERE.
Court of Abundance:

Earth, Air, Fire and Water (two of each) Frank Brangwyn

Court of the Four Seasons:

Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter (two of each) H. Milton Bancroft

Man Receiving Instruction in Nature's Laws H. Milton Bancroft

Court of the Universe:

Arch of the Rising Sun: The nations that have crossed the Atlantic, and in
the opposite panel the hopes and inspirations that led the adventurers on
Edward Simmons

Arch of the Setting Sun:

The Departure from the Atlantic Frank V. DuMond

The Arrival on the Pacific Frank V. DuMond

Tower of Jewels:

Six panels depicting aliegorically the history and construction of the Panama

Canal : Wm. De Leftwich Dodge

Court of Palms:

Fruits and Flowers Childe Hassam

The Pursuit of Pleasure Charles Holloway

The Victory of Culture and the Humanities over Brute Force. .. .Arthur Mathews

Palace of Fine Arts Rotunda:

The Four Golds of California (four panels) Robert Reid

The Birth of European Art Robert Reid

The Birth of Oriental Art Robert Reid

Tdeals in Art Robert Reid

Inspirations of all Art Robert Reid

THE MAIN GARDENS

The Exposition gardens cover approximately 80 acres.

Prior to the commencement of the Exposition work practically all
of this area was a waste expanse of marsh and water. Atop of the
fill of silt from the bottom of the bay was placed 50,000 cubic yards
of loam and 16.000 cubic yards of fertilizer. The total cost of prepara
tion of the gardens and the actual performance of the landscape work
in planting trees, shrubs, flowers, etc., was approximately $500,000.

The duration of the Exposition from winter to winter made neces
sary the use of evergreen trees and shrubs throughout. In addition
a series of plantings of various flowers will keep the gardens in
continuous bloom through the Exposition year. Owing to varying
atmospheric and thermal conditions in various parts of the grounds
flora from widely separated parts of the world have been made use of.

The landscape treatment is generally the same along the outside
walls of all of the buildings of the main group. Here are to be found
the hundreds of cypress and eucalyptus trees varying in height from
30 to 60 feet. Most of these trees vrere brought from the Presidio and

Golden Gate Park. They comprise the largest quantity of evergreens
ever transplanted.

Against the south walls of the buildings eucalyptus globulus or blue
gum has been used. The larger trees are banked up with smaller
varieties. In front of these are banks of yellow flowering acacias,
spring-flowering shrubs and pansies, to be followed, later in the year
by flowering perennials and by dahlias and chrysanthemum.

Each of the Courts has its distinctive gardening scheme. (See "Pal
aces and Courts.")
How the Trees Were Moved

In boxing the large trees that ornament the grounds, the following
method was used: The trees were side-boxed after the side roots had
been cut. Three inches of space was allowed between the root-ball
and the sides of the box, the space being secured by good surface soil,
so as to start side-root action. The plants were mulched and watered
for a period of from four to six months when the down roots were
cut and the bottoms of the boxes put on. The method proved very
successful, none of the palms or large trees having been injured in
transplanting.

EXHIBIT GARDENS

In addition to the Exposition gardens proper there are numerous
other important gardens about the grounds. Many of the state and
foreign commissions imported native flora to the Exposition for the
gardens surrounding their respective buildings, notable among them
being the Chinese and Japanese Gardens.

Within the Baker Street gate, on the east, are the horticultural
department's exhibit gardens, about eight acres in extent. They in
clude:
The Netherlands Garden .

In the Holland garden (first to the east) the 60,000 bulbs of hya
cinths, tulips, narcissus and daffodils of the spring show will be re
placed by gladioli, begonias, and dahlias, which bloom until the close
of the Exposition.

The flowering shrubs on display here include rhododendrons in a
great variety of colors, from the palest shade of the "Pink Pearl" to
the rich wine red of a newly created sort; "Kalmea" with glossy
foliage much like that of the rhododendron but blossoming in clus
ters of small bells; Japanese maples of several sorts, with deep red
foliage, and golden alder, with yellow leaves, and decorative shrubbery,
some of which has been shaped to standard patterns — a development
of the trellis idea new to us. Here also box and yews, clipped to re
semble birds, bottles, spirals, interlaced hoops and the like. Airie van
Vliet, the government expert in charge, or one of his assistants, will
answer questions and explain to interested visitors horticultural meth
ods in which the Netherlands excel.

Rose Garden

There are about a hundred entrants in the rose contest, in which
a prize of $1,000 will be awarded for the best new unnamed rose
shown. The plot containing the roses is bordered with annuals.
California Garden

In the California garden are dahlias, roses, gladiolus, pinks and the
famous winter-flowering sweet pea exhibited by Antone Zvolenak, who
originated it. Also specimens of the many species of evergreens native
to the state — firs, spruces, cedars and redwoods.

Miscellaneous Garden

The miscellaneous garden has a collection of cannas, gladioli exhibits
by the world's largest growers, and others; dahlias and a collection of
rare irises, including 166 varieties from Pennsylvania.
Massachusetts Garden

The Massachusetts garden has an excellent exhibit of conifers, phlox,
dahlias and perennials.
The Forbidden Garden

In the patio of the California building is a copy of the so-called
"Forbidden Garden," plot for plot and plant for plant as the original
stands today in the Mission Santa Barbara, many of the vines, flow
ers, grasses and palms therein having come from Spain in the early
clays of California. The rule forbidding women to enter the garden at
Santa Barbara has never been broken except in two instances, one
of these being the occasion on which Mrs. William McKinley was a
guest.

The Exposition garden is lighted with old-fashioned lanterns, and
the cypress hedge which encloses it is a landmark of early San Fran
cisco, being part of the hedge which belonged to Harbor View Baths.

ILLUMINATION OF THE EXPOSITION

The illumination of the Exposition marks an epoch in the science
of lighting and the art of luminous coloring. Most of the effects are
new, not alone to Expositions, but to the world.

The cost of the illumination is approximately $500 a night.

The system is composed of 900 magnetite arc lamps, 347 searchlights,
250 incandescent projectors for flag lighting, 200 projectors of the
locomotive headlight type for illuminating the statuary, 250 high-
pressure gas arc lamps for the streets of the state and foreign sec
tion and about 30,000 incandescent bulbs, concealed. There are nearly
700 searchlight mirrors used in the illuminations, all of Bausch &
Lomb manufacture, including forty-eight 36-inch lights in the "Scin-
tillator1' on the yacht1 harbor. This constitutes the greatest aggregation
of such apparatus ever assembled.

The fundamental feature of the illumination system consists pri
marily in the use of masked or concealed sources for all lights. "Flood
lighting" predominates.

The palaces are lined with ornamental arc-light standards hung
with banners that reflect the light against the walls of the buildings.
The banners along the main avenues were designed from the coats
of arms of the Spanish conquistadors and explorers.

All of the courts and the palaces that are separated from the main
group have distinct illuminative features.

The glare of the Zone with its festive atmosphere on the one hand
and the soft flood of light that pervades the central portion of the
grounds affords an opportunity to contrast the old methods of light
ing with the novel achievements of the Exposition's illumination de
partment.

In the Court of Abundance, all is radiant energy and mystery in
keeping with the architectural and sculptural symbolism.

In the Court of the Universe the illumination supplements the dig
nity and grandeur of the scene. The main area of the court (450,000
square feet) is illuminated principally by the two electric fountains—
The Fountain of the Rising Sun and the Fountain of the Setting Sun.
Their combined spherical candle-power is 500,000, yet there is no dis
agreeable glare.

In the Court of Four Seasons the quiet illumination is in perfect
harmony with the classic architecture, while the placid central pool
catches the reflections of the softly illumined archways and collonades.

The great glass dome of the Palace of Horticulture is illumined from
within by a battery of colored searchlights. When the moving lights
are in operation the effect is opalescent.

The Tower of Jewels is the focus of the rays of searchlights from
all directions. The light is caught and flashed back by the myriads of
jewels with which the tower is hung. (See Tower of Jewels under
"Palaces and Courts.")

The illumination of the grounds commences about six thirty in the
evening (or later as the days get longer) and continues until the
Exposition closes for the night. Three nights a week there is a special
showing of fireworks on the Marina in conjunction with the scintillator,
the combined searchlights having 3,600,000,000 candle-power. Alto
gether the light supplied by the Exposition system would be sufficient
for a city of 200,000 population.

The fireworks furnished to the Exposition are Pacific Coast products,
being manufactured by the Hitt Fireworks Co., Inc., of Seattle, Wash.

Three hundred steel mortars to shoot the bombs in the air are
buried in sand behind heavy timbers. These mortars range from twelve
inches to three and a half feet in circumference. The Exposition has
taken every precaution to ensure safety. That these precautions are
necessary may be realized when it is remembered that in the final
Zone salvo of a fireworks display over half a ton of explosives are
shot into the air, producing a series of detonations never before
equalled in times of peace.

Programs for special illumination and fireworks demonstrations will
be found in the Daily Official Program.

THE INSCRIPTIONS

The twenty-two inscriptions on the monuments and buildings of the
Exposition are divided into three groups as follows: Group 1. — The
Tower of Jewels (8 panels). Group 2. — The Court of the Universe,
Arch of the Rising Sun (6 panels), Arch of the Setting Sun (6 panels).
Group 3. — The Court of the Four Seasons (6 panels.)

The inscriptions in Group 1 commemorate the following events:
The discovery of Panama by Bastides, the discovery of the Pacific
Ocean by Balboa, the beginning of the Panama Canal by the United
States, the opening of the Panama Canal, the discovery of California
by Cabrillo, the foundation of the Mission of San Francisco de Asis
(Mission Dolores), the Conquest of California by the United States,
and the admission of California into the Union.

The inscriptions in Group 2 are representative of the nations of the
Orient and the Occident. The authors chosen to represent the various
nations are as follows: America, Walt Whitman; England, Shakes
peare; Spain, Cervantes; Germany, Goethe; France, Pascal; Italy,
Dante; India, Kalidasa; China, Confucius; Japan, Hitomaro; Persia,
Firdausi; Arabia, Zuhayr; Siam, Phra Ruang.

The inscriptions in Group 3 relate — as suitable to their place in the
Court of the Four Seasons — to Nature, and are drawn from the works
of Spenser and Sterling.

The selection of the inscriptions is the work of Porter Garnett, of
the University of California. (See "Palaces and Courts" for text of in
scriptions.)

Palaces and Courts

A TRIP THROUGH THE GROUNDS

The various palaces and courts are here given in a definite sequence
as though the visitor were being conducted through the grounds in
person. Reference to the map under the front cover will give their
relative locations and make clear the route followed in this "trip."

With each palace and court, or division of the grounds, the follow
ing subjects are treated: General information, architecture, sculpture,
mural paintings, and gardens. (See also, General Description of the
Exposition.) With each palace is given an outline of the character of
exhibits displayed within.

The North Sea

Detail of Fountain of Energy

The main group of palaces, comprising the "walled city" is enclosed
by the Avenue of Palms on the South, the Esplanade on the north,
the Avenue of Progress, on the east and Administration Avenue, on
the west.

The eight palaces of this group are as follows: Varied Industries,
Manufactures, Liberal Arts and Social Economy and Education (from
east to west along the Avenue of Palms.)

Mines and Metallurgy, Transportation, Agriculture and Food Pro
ducts (from east to west along the Esplanade.)

To the east of the main group is the Palace of Machinery; to the
west, the Palace of Fine Arts; to the south, the Palace of Horticul
ture and Festival Hall

FOR COMPLETE INTERPRETATION OF THE SCULPTURE
AND MURAL PAINTINGS SEE "OFFICIAL SCULPTURE
BOOK," BY STELLA G. S. PERRY, FOR SALE ABOUT THE
GROUNDS AND ELSEWHERE.

Marking the center of the south line of the palaces is the Tower of
Jewels.

Entrances will be found on each side of all palaces.

The Courts are between the buildings.

On entering the grounds through the main entrance at Scott Street
the first object that meets the eye is the

FOUNTAIN OF ENERGY

This fountain by A. Stirling Calder, acting chief of the Exposition
sculpture, typifies the whole spirit of the Exposition and expresses,
allegorically the triumph of the Victor of the Isthmian Way.

The sphere of the earth, supported in the water by sea monsters
is the pedestal of the Victor. About it in rotary movement are
grouped the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the North Sea and the
South Sea, expressed by mermen or mermaids riding on appropriate
sea creatures.

Across the upper portions of the sphere stretch slumberous Titans
representing the Western Hemisphere and the Eastern Hemisphere.
Above them is a frieze of flying fish spouting sheets of water.

Surmounting all, Energy the Victor advances, standing in his stir
rups. Springing from his shoulders are winged Fame and Valor, with
trumpets.

THE TOWER OF JEWELS

Marking the main entrance to the "walled city" of Exposition pal
aces is the Tower of Jewels, the most conspicuous feature of the
Exposition picture.

With its unique arrangement of successive stages, one above the
other, the Tower cannot be said to be even representative of any single
architectural epoch, but its principal architectural features ure the
Roman arch and the successive tiers of Corinthian and Doric columns.
Atop of the tower is a large single column bearing four sculptured
Atlases which support a sphere, 17 feet in diameter.

The following are the principal dimensions of the tower:

Height: 435 feet, or the equivalent of a thirty-seven story building
of standard construction.

Base: 125 feet square.

Height of arch: 120 feet.

Width of arch: 60 feet.

Construction: Fourteen hundred tons of steel and more than 1,000,-
000 feet of lumber were used.

On a hot day the Tower is higher than on a cold day. With a rise
in temperature of one hundred degrees the steel in the frame expands
so that the height of the structure is increased four inches.

The Tower is equipped with elevators for use in case of fire but
visitors are not permitted to make the ascension. The platform at the
top is used as a lookout by the guard department. North of the
Tower is the great Central Court of the Universe.

Sculpture :

In front and to the left of the Tower is the equestrian statue of
Cortez by Charles Niehaus. Balancing it on the opposite side is the
equestrian of Pizzaro by C. C. Rumsey.

On top of the columns are the figures of the "Adventurer," "The ,
Priest," "The Philosopher" and "The Soldier" by John Flanagan.
These figures are repeated on each of the four sides of the Tower.

Repeated four times on each side of the first stage is "The Armored
Horseman" by F. M. L. Tonetti.

On either side of the Tower are small courts enclosed by double
rows of columns and containing sculptured fountains. The "Fountain
of Youth" by Edith Woodman Burroughs is on the east. The vain
human search for the fountain of y^uth is the subject of the sculpture.

To the west of the Tower is the "Fountain of El Dorado" by Mrs.
Harry Payne Whitney. The work portrays the search for the "land
of gold" (El Dorado) which led the Spanish conquerors to their
explorations and which led the pioneers across the plains. The Aztec
origin of the legend of El Dorado — that somewhere there existed a
land of gold whose king scattered jewels and gold broadcast — is
suggested by the Aztec dress of the male and female figures, the
guardians of the portal to El Dorado.
Mural Paintings:

An allegorical presentation of the purpose, the progress and thv.
historical phases of the Panama Canal form the themes of the paint
ings by William De Leftwich Dodge, under the arch of the Tower
of Jewels. This position of the paintings is intended to emphasize the
fact that the Exposition is held in celebration of the comple
tion of the Canal.

Each of the paintings is divided into three panels. The titles of the
two larger panels are "The Atlantic and Pacific" (on the west) and
"The Gateway of All Nations" (on the east.) Each group of three
is ninety-six feet long.

The first panel on the western side of the arch is entitled "Dis
covery" and represents Balboa gazing on the waters of the Pacific,
while the Spirit of Adventure that led him to the discovery hover*
above him. In the left of the panel a group of knights represents the
era that preceded the age of discovery. In the central background
is a galleon of Balboa's time, and in the right of the panel an Indintj
crouches on ruins that symbolize the ancient civilization of Central
America.

The rear of the prairie schooner is prophetic of the migrations that
are to come as a result of the discovery.

The central panel — "The Atlantic and Pacific" — shows an idealized
figure of Labor, standing at the junction of the waters, joining the
hands of the figures representing the two oceans. In the background
are the fleets of the world waiting for the opening of the Canal
passage. At the left the ox team of the pioneers, who crossed the
Isthmus and the plains in earlier days suggests the contrast between
the old route and the new.

On the right are typical figures of the Oriental nations that are
brought into closer relations with the western world by the com
pletion of the canal.

The right panel — "The Purchase" — shows France handing a scroll
to America. The Spirit of Good Will gives her benispn to the trans
action. On one side the French workmen are laying down their
tools while the American toilers opposite prepare to take up the
work. Back of them is the figure of the West Indian negro.

On the eastern side of the arch is "The Gateway of All Nations."
showing Neptune leading the navies of the world through the canal
The builders rest from their labors while a divine messenger summons
mankind onward and Progress (with the torch) leads the way.

The panel on the left shows "Labor Crowned." The figure of Labor
enthroned is crowned with a wreath by Achievement, and is acclaimed
by the toilers. The soldier takes up his arms for the defense of the
Canal, and other toilers are seen taking their departure.

The panel on the right — "Achievement" — shows the Intelligence
that conceived the work enthroned. At the right are the Sciences that
made the work possible. The Aborigine acknowledges the benefits
bestowed by civilization.

Inscriptions: A series of inscribed tablets on the Tower is used
to present the principal historical events that culminated with the com
pletion of the Panama Canal and the holding of the Exposition. The
inscriptions on the south side are as follows:

1501 1904

Rodrigo de Bastides The United States

Pursuing his Course Succeeding France

Beyond Begins Operations

The West Indies on the

Discovers Panama. Panama Canal.

1513 1915

Vasco Nunez De Balboa The Panama Canal

Crosses Is Opened

The Isthmus of Panama To the Commerce

and Discovers of

The Pacific Ocean. The World

On the North Side of the Tower:

1542 1846

Juan Rodrigues Cabrillo The United States

Discovers Upon the Outbreak of

California War with Mexico

and Takes Possession of

Lands on its Shore. California.

1776 1850

Jose Joaquin Moraga California

Founds Is Admitted to

The Mission the Union

of As

San Francisco De Asis A Sovereign State.

Illumination. The Tower at night supplies one of the most mag
nificent features of the Exposition's illumination. The colonnades of
its various stages are suffused by a glowing red light from within,
while the Tower as a whole is the focus of searchlights turned upon
it from all directions.

The Jewels. The Tower takes its name from the profusion of jewels
with which it is ornamented. The jewels or "novagems" as they
are called are one of the novel features of the Exposition illumina
tion system. More than 120,000 of them clothe the tower and lend
a shimmering brilliance to the tower under the play of searchlight
rays at night. These jewels were especially cut for the Exposition by
Austrian peasants with whom the gemcutter's art is an hereditary
craft. Their particular design was selected after numerous tests to
obtain a maximum of brilliancy, and the cutting given over to the
peasants by reason of the Austrians' expertness and the fact that the
most suitable glass for the purpose was available only in that country.

THE SOUTH GARDENS

Between the exhibit Palaces and the wall bounding the Exposition
grounds on the south are the South Gardens, distinguished by
stretches of flower beds, groups of shrubs and trees (that follow the
general outline of the domed palaces at either end of the gardens),
ornate balustrades and rectangular pools.

The flower beds will be in continual bloom throughout the Expo
sition period of ten months. This effect is obtained through a series
of plantings. As soon as one variety has ceased blooming, the plants
are removed and others put in their places. Here the yellow pansies
have already succeeded the daffodils and tulips.

At the western end of the South Gardens is the Palace of Horticul
ture; at the eastern end is Festival Hall.

South Portal of Palace of Liberal Arts
Repeated on Palace of Manufactures

Just within the Scott street entrance, on the right and left respec
tively, are the Press Building and the Y. W. C. A. Building.

The fountains in the larger pools fronting these two Palaces are
topped by the figure of "The Mermaid" by Arthur Putman.

Avenue of Palms. Separating the Palaces from the South Gardens
is the Avenue of Palms. Terminating the western vista of this ave
nue is the Cuban Pavilion and terminating the eastern vista is the
Southern Pacific Building. The Avenue is half a mile in length and
is borded by a double row of Canary Island Date Palms and Cali
fornia Fan Palms alternately spaced every 30 feet, and all averaging
from 18 to 25 feet in height. The trunks of the Date Palms are planted
with hardy ferns and ivy leaf geraniums and mesembryanthemum.
Passion vines are also planted at the base of the Palms.

Along the front of the Palaces are eucalyptus globulus, or blue
gum, 40 to 50 feet in height, banked with smaller varieties of euca
lyptus and cypress. In front of these are yellow flowering acacias
and spring-flowering shrubs and pansies that will be followed by
flowering perennials and other later flowering varieties.

The Outside Wall. The great green wall that marks the southern
boundary of the Exposition, along Chestnut Street, is one of the most
di>tinctive features of the Exposition landscape engineering It is the
first effect of its kind ever created. The wall is 1150 feet long and 20
feet high with arches 30 feet in height over the main entrance. The
wall is constructed of shallow boxes of growing "ice plant" or mesem-
bryanthemum fastened to the wooden frame. The plants were set out
in horizontal position until they had attained a certain stage of growth
ai'd then placed on the wall frame. The earth is held by the roots of
the plants and a covering of wire netting over the boxes.

PALACE OF MANUFACTURES

The first building to the east of the Tower is the Palace of Manu
factures. The main entrance is a Spanish renaissance portal, identi
cal with that of the Palace of Liberal Arts on the west of the Tower.

Sculpture. Above the doorway is a freize by Mahonri Young, en-
ntled "The Useful Arts." Here are shown workmen at the wheel,
the anvil, the forge and busied with various occupations. In the
niches are figures of a woman with a distaff (spinning) and a laborer
with a sledge, also by Young.

On the gable above the doorway is a winged figure of "Victory" by
Louis Ulrich. This figure is repeated on the acroteria (as the gable
platforms are called) of all of the Palaces of the main group.

Exhibits. The specific lines of trade represented in this mammoth
display are manifold, covering hundreds of industries, and including
net only the goods one would find in a retail shop, but also every
tbing that goes into the interior finish and decoration of public and
private dwellings; plumbing, heating, lighting and certain forms of
machinery.

The idea of utility controls in the Palace of Manufactures, there
being two great divisions; one inclusive of heating, hardware, glass
lighting and merchandise in woods and metals; in the other clothing
and textiles. Of the total vast area embraced within the confines of
this great structure, 55 per cent of the floor space is given over to the
products of the manufacturers of the United States and 45 per cent to
those of the foreign nations. The United States Exhibits are arranged
in industrial groups while the foreign displays are installed according
to nationality. The foreign displays are from France, Italy, Japan and
Great Britain.

THE COURT OF FLOWERS

Equidistant from the Tower of Jewels on the east and west are
the two sets of twin towers, 210 feet in height, resembling in mass
and general outline the Tower of Geralda, at Seville, Spain, one of
the most celebrated towers in the world.

The towers on the east mark the location of the Court of Flowers.

The architecture of the court proper is Italian. A colonnade con
nects the two towers. The colonnade is broken by three entrances
giving respectively into the Palace of Manufactures on the west, the
Palace of Varied Industries on the east and the Court of Abundance
• in the north.

Above the colonnade is an arcade.

Water Sprite

By Leo Lentelli, Court of Abundance

"Beauty and the Beast"

Fountain by Edgar Walter in Court of Flowers
37

The roof over the arcade is of Spanish tile such as is used along the
top of all the walls that enclose the "walled city."

Back of this court rises the richly ornamented square tower which
marks the Court of Abundance.

Sculpture. The niches in the piers of the arcade of the court carry
the repeated figure of "The Flower Girl," by John Bateman. The
figure is decked with wreaths of flowers in keeping with the name and
character of the court.

At the front of the court is the equestrian statue of "The American
Pioneer," by Solon Borglum. The rider, typical of the Americans who
forged their way through the wilderness and deserts of the west,
holds an axe and a gun, symbols of pioneer life. The leather trappings
of his horse are ornamented with Indian emblems

At the rear of the court is the sculptured fountain, by Edgar Walter.
"The Beauty and the Beast" is the title of the work. It is in sympathy
with the flowery-fairyland idea that inspired the creation of the court.

At the tops of the towers is "The Fairy" figure by Carl Gruppe.

Flora. Orange trees and groups of eugenia myrtifolia placed in ex
tensive flower beds of color, containing yeMow pansies, daffodils, red
anemones and red tulips.

FESTIVAL HALL

At the eastern end of the South Gardens and opposite the Court
of Flowers is Festival Hall. This is a French renaissance structure
resembling somewhat the Theatre des Beaux Arts in Paris.

The purpose of the building is to supply a center for the Exposition
musical events and festivals, which fact has been the inspiration for
the festive character of its architectural and sculptural treatment.

Sculpture. All of the sculpture on the building is the work of
Sherry E. Fry, of Iowa. On top of the pylons, .at either side of the
main entrance, are reclining figures, one of "Bacchus," the other of a
nymph. In front of each pylon is a figure of "Euterpe," the Muse of
music. At the feet of one is the God Pan with his pipes and beneath
the other is a reclining Nymph.

Above the smaller domes, that mark the four corners of the build
ing is the repeated figure of "The Dancer."

Flora. The plots on the north side of the building are planted with
a mass of hydrangeas. Primroses and daisies are also placed about the
building in abundance. Along the walls are eucalyptus and cyress
trees.

Illumination. The cupola of the central dome and the four small
pavilions at the corners are suffused with a reddish light at night
while the building is bathed with the rays of searchlights, the effect
contributing one of the most striking features to the night picture
of the Exposition.

The interior of the building is illuminated entirely from beneath
the floor. The light comes through a three foot aperture from a
battery of searchlights.

The main auditorium of the building contains one of the largest
pipe organs in the world, which was constructed especially for the
Exposition. The instrument will be used by some of the world's most
famous organists during the Exposition period. (For organ recitals
and other musical events in Festival Hall, see article on Music in
this guide, also see the Daily Official Program.)

The main hall of the building has a seating capacity of 3000.

THE PALACE OF VARIED INDUSTRIES

This Palace forms the southeastern unit of the main group.

Architecture. On the south front of the Palace of Varied Indus
tries is one of the most beautiful portals of the Exposition. This
doorway is a reproduction of the entrance to the Hospital of Santa
Cruz at Toledo, Spain, and represents an expenditure of $15,000.

The eastern facade of the Palace presents a massive Italian renais
sance portal with sculptured figures occupying the niches.

The east and west walls of the Palace are broken by buttresses.
At the tops of the buttresses are idealized California bears with
shields.

Sculpture. The sculptured decoration of the south portal is Plat-
eresque, so called because of its resemblance to the work of the
Spanish silversmiths of the 16th century (Plateros.) The modern
sculpture is by Ralph Stackpole, a young Californian.

"The Laborer" or Man with the Pick is repeated four times in the
niches at the side of the doorway. In the tympanum, directly above
the doorway are figures representative of the various industries, and
suggestive of the contents of the building. In the small niche above
the doorway is a seated figure of "Labor." In the large niche sur
mounting the whole composition is a group of figures called "From
Generation to Generation." Age is passing the burden of industry to
Youth.

The figure of the "Miner" ornamenting the eastern entrance to this
Palace is by Albert Weinert.

Exhibits. In this Palace are to be found exhibits of stationery,
desk accessories, artists' materials, silversmiths' and goldsmiths'
ware, jewelry, clock and watch making, objects of ornamental de
sign, glass, fine leather articles, fancy articles and basket work, cer
amics, equipment and processes for finishing textiles, threads and
cotton fabrics, silk and silk fabrics, laces, embroidery, wearing apparel,
furs and skins, mortuary monuments and undertakers' furnishings
and various industries connected with clothing.

About 55 per cent, of the floor space has been devoted to the pro
ducts of United States manufacturers and 45 per cent to foreign. The
United States exhibits are arranged in industrial groups, while the
foreign displays are classified according to nationality. Foreign
countries exhibiting are: Argentine, China, Netherlands (Holland
and Colonies,) Denmark, Germany, Austria, Turkey, India, Spain,
Uruguay, Balkan States, Japan and Duchy of Luxemberg.

THE AVENUE OF PROGRESS

At the eastern end of the Avenue of Palms, running north and
south is the Avenue of Progress, one of the most magnificent of the
Exposition boulevards.

The northern vista along this avenue affords an excellent opportunity
to observe the exquisite harmony that exists between the Exposition
picture and the coloring that Nature has given to the California sky,
the bay and the hills beyond. This particular vista is terminated by
Angel Island on the Marin side of the bay.

On the eastern side of the Avenue of Progress is the entrance to
the Zone, the Southern Pacific Building, the Palace of Machinery and,
at its northern end, the buildings erected by several of the trans
continental railroads.

On the western side is the Palace of Varied Industries, the Court

of Mines, which leads into the Court of the Ages, and the Palace of
Mines and Metallurgy.

Opposite the Court of Mines and in front of the Palace of Machinery
is "The Genius of Creation," a sculptured group by Daniel Chester
French, "the dean of American sculptors."

A winged figure, "The Genius of Creation," is seated on a rock,
"Man and Woman" stand on either side, their hands clasped behind
the central figure. A serpent suggesting the story of Genesis encircles
the base.

Landscape Effects. Some of the most successful landscape effects
of the Exposition have been achieved along this avenue. Groups of
individuals specimens of dracena indivisa — branched plants of an aver
age height of 20 feet — have been placed along the avenue. The build
ings are clothed with Monterey cypress, banked with Lawson cypress
and thuya gigantea, in front of which are planted various firs and
spruces, while specimens of Spanish fir have been set out between
them and the dracena avenue. Color is supplied in front of the firs
and spruces by cinerarias for the early part of the Exposition period
and by fuschias later.

Palace of Machinery, looking north from the junction of the
Avenue of Palms and the Avenue of Progress

PALACE OF MACHINERY

Flanking the eastern end of the main group of Palaces is the great
Palace of Machinery, the largest wooden building in the world. This
structure is 968 feet long by 368 feet wide and 135 feet high. It was
within its central nave that the late Lincoln Beachey made the only
indoor aeroplane flight ever attempted.

Though its frame is of wood, something like 1500 tons of steel bolts
and fastenings were used in the process of construction. Eight million
feet of lumber went into its walls, frame and floor.

The building cost $659,665 and covers approximately nine acres.

Architecture. The architectural motif of this Palace, particularly in
the arrangement of its eables, is supplied by the ancient Roman baths

of Diocletian. The western facade of the Palace is relieved by double
columns at intervals and niches containing fountains. The principal
architectural feature of the Palace is the main entrance on the western
side, facing the Court of Mines.

The main entrance is composed of three massive arches set off by
free standing columns in simulation of Sienna marble. Forming a tie
between the arches in the background are grills of amber-glass. One
of the best impressions of this magnificent entrance is afforded by
stepping within the vestibule at the south end in the late afternoon,
when the sun's rays are slanting through the arches.

Sculpture. All of the sculptural decoration of this Palace is by Haig
Patigian, a California sculptor.

Topping the columns in front of the main entrance are four huge
figures representing "The Power of Invention," "Electric Power" (this
figure holds a shaft of lightning). "The Power of Imagination," and
"Steam Power" (the figure with an engine lever).

These "four powers" are repeated on the columns of the north and
south entrances.

Around the base of the smaller columns in the main entrance are
friezes containing the figure of "The Genius of Mechanics" and other
figures suggesting the contents of the building.

Exhibits. The exhibits of this Palace are not only arranged to be
of interest to the engineer, but are intended as a school of instruction
to students and to those not familiar with machinery or electrical ap
pliances. Besides a great many exhibits in operation other exhibits
are arranged to present explanatory features for easy study. The
exhibits include engines and water motors of the latest type and a great
variety of machines for shaping wood and metals, apparatus for adapt
ing electricity to a wide range of uses, and many other classes of
machinery for manufacturing and household uses. A series of highly
scientific and spectacular electric displays are a feature of this de
partment.

The U. S. Government has exhibits of the War and Navy depart
ments, Coast Guard Service, Light House Service, Bureau for Inspec
tion of Vessels and Office of Public Roads, in this palace.

THE PALACE OF MINES AND METALLURGY.

The Palace of Mines and Metallurgy, the northeast unit of the
main group, is appropriately flanked by the Machinery Palace
on the east and the Transportation Palace on the west. The main
entrances are on the Marina and the Avenue of Progress. The south
west corner adjoins the Court of Abundance.

Architecture. Being at a corner of the main group, this Palace pre
sents a different spectacle and different architecture with each facade.

The west wall also serves for the cloister of the Court of Abund
ance. The facade opposite the Palace of Machinery harmonizes with
the Roman architecture of that massive structure, while the north
facade is in the "Plateresque" style common to the north facades of
all Palaces abutting on the Esplanade.

The Palace covers an area of six acres. It cost $350,000.

Exhibits. The natural mineral resources (metallic, non-metallic and
fuel) of the world; their exploration and exploitation; their conver
sion into metal; their manufacture into structural forms and into
raw materials for the various industries.

The object of the Mines and Metallurgical exhibit is two-fold: First,
to draw attention to the natural mineral resources of each country,
state and community, so that the public may learn of the mode of
occurrence of the minerals and metals of commerce and of their
distribution; of the stage of development of the various countries
and districts; of present and possible future sources of supply and
consumption; of general market and trade conditions in the many in
dustries which are based on the utilization of mineral resources.

Second, to educate the public in a general way regarding the de
tails of the numerous subdivisions of this great basic industry, both
at home and abroad, in the hope that the hundreds of thousands who
will visit the palace will tarry long enough to grasp the tremendous
importance of this industry in the development and settlement, not
only of the United States, but of the world.

Plateresque Portal

Repeated on north facades of the four palaces fronting on the Esplanade —
Mines and Metallurgy, Transportation, Agriculture, and Food Products

The aim of this department has also been to illustrate every min
eral of economic importance, not merely by mineralogical and geo
logical specimens, but" by complete industrial exhibits which begin
with the undeveloped mineral resources, and end with the article sold
to the retail trade of the country, and show, in so far as possible, the
intermediate processes of mining, reduction and manufacture.

Especial attention has been given to petroleum and coal, to copper,
to lead and zinc, to the precious metals, to the gems and semi-precious
stones. The iron and steel industry is shown by the most compre
hensive and complete exhibit ever assembled. The rarer minerals and
processes for their reduction have received due attention, particularly
the radio-active ores.

A co-operative metallurgical exhibit has been arranged where stan
dard metallurgical methods are illustrated on a working scale. An
open metallurgical forum is conducted by the United States Bureau
of Mines. It is expected that this will prove to be a rendezvous
for technical men from all parts of the world and many important
problems will be investigated during the life of the Exposition.

Mining methods are illustrated by a novel and most instructive ex
hibit beneath the floor of the Palace in the Demonstration Mine. The
leading metal mining companies and coal producers of the United
States, and the various manufacturers of machinery and equipment
have joined in a comprehensive exhibit illustrating mining practice.
Daily demonstrations of mine rescue work are given at 2 P. M. Access
to THE MINE is obtained through the Bureau of Mines space near
the north main entrance. The display of the W. P. Fuller Co. is
housed in a reproduction of the celebrated Indian temple of Taj
Mahal.

THE COURT OF MINES.

Turning west from the main entrance of the Palace of Machinery
into the Court of Mines one looks along the main axis of the Exposi
tion. The vista is through the various courts which will be described
in the order in which they lie to the west. Terminating the vista- on
the west is the rotunda of the Palace of Fine Arts.

This small court forms a passageway between the Palace of Varied
Industries on the south and the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy on
the north. The entrances to these two buildings are Italian renais
sance in treatment. Sculptured figures occupy niches on either side of
the doorways. Below the figures are highly ornamental lamps sug
gestive of sacrificial altars.

Illumination. This court is a good place to observe the placing
of the ornamental green lighting standards distributed along the
walls of buildings. These standards are one of the principal compon
ents in the system of floodlighting from concealed sources that is
characteristic of the Exposition. The lights are hidden from the
eyes of the spectator within the shells at the tops of standards. The
shells also serve as reflectors, throwing the light against the walls
of buildings.

The Court of Mines is terminated on the west by the wall of the
cloister of the Court of Abundance.

THE COURT OF ABUNDANCE

The Court of the Ages, or Court of Abundance, as it has been of
ficially designated by the Exposition, is the farthest east in the series
of main courts. It is surrounded by the Palace of I^ines and Metal
lurgy, on the northeast; the Palace of Varied Industries, on the south
east; the Palace of Manufactures, on the southwest, and the Palace
of Transportation, on the northwest.

The location of the court is marked, from the exterior of the
"walled city" of Exposition palaces, by the lofty square tower which
stands at the north entrance.

The following description of the court is supplied by its architect,
Louis Christian Mullgardt, who has expressed a preference for the
use of the name "Court of the Ages."

Architecture. The floor of the Court declines to the central basin,
affording the observer a full view of the surroundings. The arcaded
and vaulted ambulatory extends continuously around the four sides.
The floor of this ambulatory is elevated above the upper floor level

of the Court for the convenience of observers. Its architecture has
not been accredited to any established style.

The Court is an historical expression of the successive Ages of the
World's growth. The Central Fountain symbolizes the nebulous
world with its innate human passions. Out of a chaotic condition
came Water (the Basin) and Land (the Fountain) and Light (the
Sun supported by Helios, and the Electroliers). The braziers with
their flaming serpents and cauldrons symbolize Fire. The floor of
the court is covered with verdure, trees, flowers and fruits. The two
Sentinel Columns to the right and left of the tower symbolize Earth
and Air. The eight paintings, by Brangwyn, in the four corners oi
the ambulatory symbolize the elements of Earth, Air, Fire and
Water. The central figure in the avenue north of the court symbol
izes "Modern Time Listening to the Story of, the Ages."

The decorative motifs employed on the surrounding arcade are sea
plant life and its animal evolution. The piers, arches, reeds and
columns bear legendary decorative motifs of the transition from
plant to animal life in the forms of tortoises and other shell motifs,
kelp and its analogy to pre-historic lobster, skate, crab and sea urchin.
The water-bubble motif is carried through all vertical members which
symbolize the Crustacean Period, which is the second strata of the
court.

The third strata, the pre-historic figures, surmounting the piers of
the arcade, also the first group over the tower entrance, show earliest
forms of human, animal, reptile and bird life, symbolizing the Stone
Age period.

The fourth strata, the second group in the Altar Tower, symbolize
human struggle for emancipation from ignorance and superstition, in
which religion and war are dominating factors. The kneeling figures
on the side altar are similary expressive. The torches above these
mediaeval groups symbolize the Dawn of Understanding. The Chanti
cleers on the finials surrounding the court symbolize the Christian
Era. The topmost figure of the altar symbolizes Intelligence, "Peace
on Earth," "Good Will Towards All Men" — the spirit of Learning
and Industry is at her feet. The topmost figure surmounting the
side altar symbolizes Thought.

The arched opening forming the enclosure of the altar contains
alternating masks expressing Intelligence and Ignorance in equal
measure, symbolizing the Peoples of the World.

A gradual development to the higher forms of Plant Life is ex
pressed upward in the Altar Tower, the conventionalized Lily Petal
being the highest form.

Sculpture. The general meaning of the sculpture and its relation to
the underlying motifs of the court are expressed in the description
of the architect. - The architectural detail and the sculpture supple
ment each other in symbolizing biological change and evolution.

The central feature of the court is the "Fountain of the Earth"
by Robert Aitken, which has attracted such widespread attention
that it has been deemed best to here present a detailed interpretation
of the work and the meaning of the various figure*

At the south end of the central pool is a figure of Helios, the sun-
god, symbolic of the setting sun, the whole having a suggestion of
primitive man's idea of the sun splashing into the water of the ocean
as it sets.

FOR COMPLETE INTERPRETATION OF THE SCULPTURE
AND MURAL PAINTINGS SEE "OFFICIAL SCULPTURE
BOOK" BY STELLA G. S. PERRY, FOR SALE ABOUT THE
GROUNDS AND ELSEWHERE.

First and second panels of the "Fountain of the Earth"

And front group, which is the arm extending from the second panel

In the Court of Abundance, by Robert Aitken

Third and fourth panels of the "Fountain of the Earth"

In the Court of Abundance, by Robert Aitken.

Th« great orb has thrown off a nebulous mass that has subsequently
resolved itself into the earth (the globe in the center of the main
fountain).

The Fountain of the Earth: To follow the sculptor's purpose one
should first observe the figures on the west side of the group in front
of the main fountain, then the four panels that surround the globe,
commencing on the south side, and end with the east side of the
front group.

Front Group: A symbolized Destiny, in the shape of two arms and
hands giving life with the one and taking it away with the other, is
first in the front group.

On the side are figures suggesting the Dawn of Life.

The first figure on the west, Prenatal Sleep, is the crouched form of
a woman, while successively come the Awakening, the Ecstatic Joy
of Being, the Kiss of Life, with the human pair offering up the chil
dren of their loins representative of the beginnings of fecundity; a
female strong of limb and superb of physique enfolds in her arms two
infants, while her mate of no less powerful build and rude force,
kneeling beside her, gives her an embrace, typical of the over-powering
parental instinct. Here is the suggestion of the elemental feelings,
the beginnings of things.

First Panel: Between the front group and the central fountain
comes a gap, a space typical of unknown time before history began,
and the story is taken up again with the first of the panels,
wherein stands a figure of Vanity, glass in hand, symbolizing the
compelling motive of so much in human endenvor. To the left, in
contrast, are primitive man and woman carrying their burdens of
life, in the form of their progeny, into the unknown future. The two
figures to the right represent "Lust."

Second Panel. Between each of the panels is a figure of Hermes
suggesting the passage of time. (Similar figures were used by the
Greeks as milestones along the roads).

In the second panel are the children of the men and women in the
first panel, now grown to man and womanhood, and in their rude
strength, finding themselves, with the result of natural selection. This
is a group of five personages. The center figure is a man of splendid
youth and vigor, suggesting the high state both of physical and in
tellectual perfection, unconsciously attracting the female, two of whom
regard him with favor, while two males on either side, deserted for
this finer type, give vent to deep regret, expressed by despair and
anger. One attempts by brute force to hold the woman, the other
reluctantly gives up his choice.

Third Panel. In the "Survival of the Fittest," as this panel is called,
we have a militant group, in which physical strength begins to play
its part. The powerful chieftains struggle for supremacy of their
time and tribe, their women making futile efforts to separate them.
Here the sense of conquest receives its first impression, while there
is symbolism of the conflict of the nations that has ever gone on,
for one cause or another, and that struggle for the female that has
ever been the actuating motive in war and conquest.

Fourth Panel: The next group discloses "The Lesson of Life,"
wherein the elders with the experience of the years offer to hot
headed youth and to the lovelorn the benefit of their own trials and
struggles. A beautiful woman is the central figure, and she draws
to her side splendid manhood, the warrior willing to fight for his love
and his faith. To his left his mother offers him her affectionate ad-

vice, while to the right a father restrains a wayward offspring, who,
rejected by the female, is in a state of frenzied jealousy.

Finally, looking at the first panel again, are the two figures repre
senting Lust, a man struggling to caress the unwilling woman shrink
ing from his embraces, and we are led down from this pair to the
crouching figures on the east side of the group in front of the fountain.

First is a figure of Greed looking back on the Earth. He holds in
his hands a mass suggestive of his futile and unsavory worldly pos
session, the unworthy bauble toward which his efforts have been di
rected. Back of him we have the group of Faith, wherein kneels a
Patriarch, who offers consolation to a woman to whom he presents the
hope of immortality, holding in his hands a scarab, ancient symbol of
renewed life. Next come two recumbent figures, a man and a woman,
the first Sorrow, the other typifying Final Slumber. These are about
to be drawn into oblivion by the relentless hand of Destiny.

The Tower: The sculpture on the Tower by Chester Beach is in
three principal stages, representing the evolution of the race. In the
first, Man is just emerging from the lower forms of animal life. He is
still brutish, but within him intelligence is dawning. ,

The second stage shows mediaeval civilization. Here is the crusader,
the priest and the soldier.

The third group is of the present civilization. Woman, representing
motherhood, is enthroned and crowned.

The figures at the sides of the tower are called Mutation or Change.
Man and woman, now enlightened, are still struggling toward better
things, and to throw off the evil heritages that persist from primitive
ages.

In front of the Tower are two columns bearing the Water Sprite
by Leo Lentellt. Water nymphs by the same sculptor are grouped
about the bases of the columns. (It was originally intended to utilize
the columns as fountains.)

Along the top of the cloister are the repeated figures of Primitive
Man (the hunter) and Primitive Woman, by Albert Weinert.

In the north avenue of the court is the statute of "Modern Time
Listening to the Story of the Ages," by Sherry E. Fry.

Mural Paintings

Tn this court are the eight paintings by Frank Brangwyn of London.
The canvases have for their subjects the four elements: "Earth,"
'"Water," "Fire" and "Air." Unlike most of the other murals, these
have no abstruse symbolism, and the subject is conveyed by the
picturing of simple, primitive human uses of the several elements.

The paintings tell no particular "story," in the sense of the histori
cal canvases of the Exposition, their chief features being their artistic
qualities and the artist's method of execution.

Earth. The abundance and fruitfulness of the earth at harvest time
pre the means of suggesting the subject in both paintings of "Earth,"
in both the scene is fairly teeming with productivity. In one men and
women are gathering flowers and the crops of fruit and vegetables,
pnd in the other a vintage is in progress, the great clusters of grapes
furnishing one of the dominant notes of the picture.

Water. Girls and men are filling their water-jugs from a spring.
The tall water-birds (flamingoes) also suggest this element. The prox
imity of the water is again suggested by the abundance of verdure.

In the second of the "Water" pictures fishermen are drawing their
seines in, while others are coming with baskets to bear away the catch.

"Air"

Mural painting in Court of Abundance, by Frank Brangwyn

Fire. One of the paintings has Primitive Fire for its subject and
the other the Fire of Industry. In the first the thin column of smoke
indicates the presence of fire. The men are grouped about it fanning
and blowing the flame into life. Others are bringing faggots while
the old folk gather about for warmth.

A rough kiln to which men are bringing pottery for burning is the
means of conveying the idea of fire in the second painting.

Air. The power of air is immediately suggested by the great wind
mill and rain clouds. Boys flying kites, wind-swept grain, and the
workers going to their winnowing with the wind at their backs are
seen.

In the second painting a trio of archers are about to dispatch their
missies through the air. Birds flying about in the trees above show
the purpose of their hunt and the element which is treated.

Flora:

Orange trees brought from the interior valleys of the state in full
bearing; formal Italian cypress and Irish yews with standard acacias.

THE FLORENTINE COURT.

Connecting the Court of Abundance with the Court of the Universe is
the Florentine Court, so called because of the characteristic Florentine
treatment of the facades of the Palace of Manufactures and the Pal
ace of Transportation which form its walls. Ornamental columns of
varied design flank the walls, while beds of flowers and clumps of
evergreen shrubs border the paths.

From this court one has the first view of the Arch of the Rising
Sun, the eastern entrance to the Court of the Universe. Two medal
lions by A. Stirling Calder ornament this side of the arch. The Na
tions of the East group at the top can best be seen from within the
Court of the Universe.

Beneath the sculptured group are these inscriptions:

Left panel: HE THAT HONORS NOT HIMSELF LACKS
HONOR WHERSOE'ER HE GOES.— ZUHAYR (Arabian Poet).

Center panel: THE BALMY AIR DIFFUSES HEALTH AND
FRAGRANCE— SO TEMPERED IS THE GENIAL GLOW THAT
WE KNOW NEITHER HEAT NOR COLD— TULIPS AND
HYACINTHS ABOUND— FOSTERED BY A DELICIOUS CLIME
THE EARTH BLOpMS LIKE A GARDEN.— FIRDAUSI (The
national poet of Persia).

Right panel: A WISE MAN TEACHES BE NOT ANGRY
FROM UNTRODDEN WAYS TURN ASIDE.— PHRA RUANG
(an ancient King of Siam).

The figure of the Guardian Angel, by Leo Lentelli, tops the Sienna
columns on either side of the arch.

PALACE OF TRANSPORTATION

The Palace of Transportation is just to the west of the Palace of
Mines and Metallurgy in the north half of the main group of palaces.

The east, south and west walls of this palace contribute respectively
to the Court of the Ages, the Florentine Court and the Court of the
Universe. The north front is in the Plateresque treatment common
to the north facades of all four palaces fronting on the Esplanade,

The building covers seven acres and cost $500,000.

Exhibits. The whole development of transportation from the most
primitive forms of locomotion to the most rapid and scientific means
of conveyance of today are shown in this building.

Here also are shown the principal methods of utilizing steam and
electric power for transportation, as well as rolling stock that is used
for passenger and freight traffic; construction material and methods
used under the best practice; expeditious handling of mail and express;
safety devices; routes of travel; pictures, views and spectacular presen
tations of world renowned points of interest.

Marine travel is fully illustrated through models of ships; photo
graphs, full size sections of modern merchant vessels; charts and
other methods. In Machinery Palace, yet having a place in this de-

Arch of the Rising Sun, Court of the Universe

partment, are the latest types of marine engines and motor boat ap
pliances. Oversea travel, both domestic and foreign, are shown.

The automobile, which is the flexible unit of transportation and
which is a great factor in the development of the country, is seen in
all the varied types and body styles known to the motoring world.

The exhibits typify every phase of development in modes of modern
transportation and faithfully record the marvelous advances thus made
in recent years.

Some of the main features of interest include a 4,000 horsepower
electric locomotive mounted on a revolving turntable, the aero
plane used by Robert Fowler in his flight across the Panama Canal
Zone, the biplane used by the late Lincoln Beachey, in which he
made over a thousand aerial loops, an automobile assembling plant
in operation, one of the two surviving locomotives used in the early
'60s by the Central Pacific Railroad across the Sierra Nevada moun
tains, one of the largest passenger locomotives in use today, and many
other features of interest in land and marine transportation.

COURT OF THE UNIVERSE

The Court of the Universe, the great central court of the Exposi
tion, symbolizes both the purposes oi the Exposition, which celebrates
the completion of the Panama Canal and the far-reaching effects that
the building of the Canal itself will have in unifying the nations of
the world.

The southern edge of the sunken gardens, which occupy the center
of the court, is the best place from which to observe its numerous
features.

On the east are the Palaces of Manufactures and Transportation,
and on the west the Palaces of Liberal Arts and Agriculture, lo the
south is the Tower of Jewels, and to the north the forecourt leading
to the Marina and terminated by the heroic Column oi Progress.
Marking the east and west entrances to the Court are the Arch of the
Rising Sun and the Arch of the Setting Sun.

The architecture of the court is Roman, its principal features being
the triumphal arches and the curved colonnades ot double columns,
which border the court on the east and west and are broken by six
domed pavilions. There is a decided resemblance between the court
and the plaza of St. Peter's in Rome.

The area of the court is approximately ten acres.

Sculpture. In this court is the best place to get a general idea
of the scope of the Exposition sculpture. Much of the best sculpture
work is to be observed here, as well as the great variety of sculpture
motifs.

The two most prominent works are the Nations of the East on the
Arch of the Rising Sun and the Nations of the West on the Arch of
the Setting Sun.

Both groups are in moving composition as though advancing
toward each other. Messrs. Calder, Lentelli and Roth were >he
sculptors who collaborated on these massive works.

In the "Nations of the East" group from left to right the figures are
"The Arab Warrior," "The Negro Servitor" (bearing baskets of fruit),
"Camel and Rider," "The Egyptian," "The Falconer," elephant with
howdah containing a figure embodying the "Spirit of the East" and
attended by Oriental mystics representing India; "The Buddhist
Llama," bearing his emblem of authority; "Camel and Rider," "The
Mahometan," "The Negro Servitor," "The Mongolian Warrior."

The size of the group may be inferred from the fact that the figure
of the negro servitor is 13 feet 6 inches in height.

The following lines from the "Light of Asia," epitomizing the spirit
of the East, are inscribed on the arch beneath the group: "Unto Nir
vana. He is one with Life, yet lives not — He is blest ceasing to be
— Om Mani Padmi Om — The dewdrop slips into the Shining Sea."

In the "Nations of the West" group from left to right the figures
are: "The French Trapper," "The Alaskan," "The Latin American,"
"The German," "The Hopes of the Future" (two boys, white and
negro, riding on the prairie schooner), "Enterprise" (above the group),
"The Mother of Tomorrow," "The Italian," "The Anglo-American,"
"The Squaw," "American Indian." The group is conceived in the
same large monumental style as the "Nations of the East," and the
types of those colonizing nations that have at one time or place or
other left their stamp on our country have been selected to form it.

The following lines from Emerson's "The Young American" are
inscribed on the arch beneath the group: "There is a sublime and

friendly destiny, by which the human race is guided— the race never
dying— the individual never spared— to results affecting masses am

^Tlie medallions on the arches are by Calder and the figures of
Pegasus (the mythological winged horse) in the spandrels are by

On the free-standing columns are the figures of the Guardian
Angel by Leo Lentelli.

Along the top of the colonnades is the "Star" by A. Stirling Calder
repeated ninety-six times.

Forming the friezes on the corner pavilions of the court are the
signs of the Zodiac by Hermon A. McNeil; Aries, the Ram; Gemini,
the twins; Cancer, the crab; Leo, the lion; Virgo, the maiden; Cap-
ricornus, the goat; Aquarius, the water bearer; and Pisces, the fish.

•555?

Detail of Fountains of Setting Sun and Rising Sun

In the Court of the Universe

At the eastern end of the sunken gardens is the Fountain of the
Rising Sun and at the western the Fountain of the Setting Sun by
Adolph A. Weinman. The fountains are topped . respectively by the
figure of "The Rising Sun" and the "Setting Sun." The friezes about
the bases represent "The Triumph of Light Over Darkness."

Mermen and creatures of the sea ornament the bowls and bases of
these fountains. The bowls are said to be the largest concrete bowls
ever cast.

At the tops of the main north and south stairways leading down
into the sunken gardens are the four colossal reclining figures repre
senting the elements by Robert Aitken: "Fire," "Air," "Earth" and
"Water."

"Air," crowned with a star, is looking downward to the earth. Fast
ened to her wings is a figure representing Man, the suggestion being of
man's efforts to fly upon "the wings of wind."

"Earth" is sleeping, as are the hidden forces within the world. The
fruitfulness of the earth is conveyed by the roots of trees and the

'Air"

"Water"

"Fire"

The Four Elements

In the Court of the Universe, by Robert Aitken
56

Earth"

clusters of minerals— the wealth that Man struggles to take from the
ground.

The figure of "Fire" holds a shaft of lightning. About his limbs a
salamander writhes.

"Water" is represented by the figure of a sea god reclining on the
waves. About him are dolphins, other creatures of the deep and sea
weed.

The dancing, wreath-draped figures, at the top of the east and west
stairways are "Music" and "The Dance." Paul Manship is the
sculptor.

The Column of Progress at the northern end of the Court is the
first great sculptured column in the world whose design was inspired
by a purely imaginative motif. The only other similar work is the
Column of Trajan in Rome.

The following description of the column is furnished by the sculp
tors:

"The unconquerable impulse that forever impels man to strive on,
assailing in endless generations and confining barriers of existence,
his eternal optimism and stern joy in effort — these are the thoughts
that have inspired the conception of the Column of Human Progress
and that are embodied in its sculptural friezes and crowning group.

"The Column itself is a symbol of achievement, and the procession
of figures forming the frieze of the pedestal embody in high relief
sculpture, the successive generations, born from the teeming Earth,
irresistably pressing onward, by devious ways, seeking the golden
dreams of Life. This has been executed by Isidore Konti."

"Above the capital of the Column, crouching figures of Toilers, for
all must toil to win, form the circular frieze that in turn supports the
crowning group, representing the supreme moment of Man's prime.
This group, as well as the frieze of the Toilers is the work of Hermon
A. MacNeil. It is composed of three figures — a kneeling woman in
fearful expectation, hopeful to applaud success; a guarding male sup
porting the central figure of the Man of Purpose, or the Adventurous
Bowman, as it is called, launching his shaft at the obscure target of
Truth, unseen but to himself, and those of his kin, who, yet to come,
shall speed the World of Progress.
Inscriptions: Arch of the Setting Sun.

Left panel:

IN NATURE'S INFINITE BOOK OF SECRECY
A LITTLE CAN I READ

— Shakespeare.
Center panel:

FACING WEST FROM CALIFORNIA'S
SHORES— INQUIRING TIRELESS SEEK
ING WHAT IS YET UNFOUND— I A
CHILD VERY OLD OVER WAVES TO
WARDS THE HOUSE OF MATERNITY
THE LAND OF MIGRATIONS LOOK
AFAR— LOOK OFF THE SHORES OF MY
WESTERN SEA THE CIRCLE ALMOST
CIRCLED

— Whitman.

(The reference is to the Asiatic origin of the Aryan race.)

Right panel:

TRUTH— WITNESS OF THE PAST COUN
CILLOR OF THE PRESENT GUIDE OF
THE FUTURE

— Cervantes.
Arch of the Rising Sun.

Left panel:

THEY WHO KNOW THE TRUTH ARE
NOT EQUAL TO THOSE WHO LOVE
IT

— Confucius
Center panel:

THE MOON SINKS YONDER IN THE
WEST WHILE IN THE EAST THE GLO
RIOUS SUN BEHIND THE HERALD
DAWN APPEARS— THUS RISE AND SET
IN CONSTANT CHANGE THOSE SHIN
ING ORBS AND REGULATE THE VERY
LIFE OF THIS OUR WORLD

— Kalidasa (Sanskrit poet).
Right panel:

OUR EYES AND HEARTS UPLIFTED
SEEM TO GAZE ON HEAVEN'S
RADIANCE

— Hitomaro (Japanese Poet.)

Mural Paintings. Supplementing the general purpose of the Court
of the Universe, are the mural paintings in the Arch of the Rising Sun
and the Arch of the Setting Sun. The former are by Edward Simmons
and the latter by Frank V. Du Mond.

Simmons' subject is the coming of the Europeans to America, while
Du Mond's is the progress of civilization westward.

The painting on the south side of the Arch of the Rising Sun rep
resents the types that have crossed or attempted to cross the Atlantic.
The youthful Spirit of Adventure summons the adventurers on with
his trumpet. The figure of the savage, with his hand shading his eyes,
represents the men who sailed from the fabled continent of Atlantis
in the hope of reaching Yucatan.

Sharpening his sword is the Homeric adventurer. Then comes the
European explorer (Columbus,) the noble colonist, the priest (the
Jesuit,) the artist and the laborer. At the extreme left is the figure of
the Future hearkening to the past. In the background are the types
of vessels of the explorers of the several epochs.

In the panel on the opposite side of the arch the painter has em
bodied some of the visions and ideals that lead the adventurers to cross
the ocean. The first two figures are "Hope" and "Illusory Hope."
The latter drops bubbles which "Adventure," who follows, tries
vainly to pick up. In the center are figures representing "Commerce,"
"The Fine Arts," "Truth" and "Religion." Then comes "Wealth"
and a group symbolizing the Family.

In the Arch of the Setting Sun on the west side of the Court of the
Universe the paintings by Du Mond take up the story of the westward
march of civilization in the United States. In both panels Du Mond
has painted actual portraits of Americans of note.

In the panel on the north side of the Arch is depicted the departure

of the Argonauts from their eastern homes. There is a typical New
England home with a typical stretch of rocky coast. A young man is
taking leave of his family, his face illumined with a vision of the land
of promise.

Then comes a number of figures representing the stream of people
who joined in the westward migrations "with all their goods and
chattels." The figure of the preacher is a portrait of William Taylor,
a famous preacher who came to California in the early days. Follow
ing him is The Pioneer, James Adams, otherwise known as "Grizzly
Adams," a judge — David Dudley Field, typifying law and order, and
then the schoolmistress. Children, typifying the youth of the nation
are in the procession. In the forefront, with another group of trav
elers, is a figure representing the Call of Fortune, with her trumpet
and overflowing cornucopia.

The panel on the opposite side of the arch portrays the arrival of
the argonauts on the shores of the Pacific. First is seen the Spanish
element, the first California settlers. Captain Jaun Bautista de Anza,
one of the founders of San Francisco, and Padre Junipero Serra, "the
father of the Missions," are in this group. Then follow the figures
expressing conquest and enlightenment.

In the central group is the painter, William Keith; the literateur,
Bret Harte; a sculptor, an architect and a scientist and other figures
of pioneers. The panel is concluded with a utilization of the Seal of
California, with the figures extending a welcome to those who have
crossed the plains. In the background are great orange trees laden
with fruit, and extending their hands in greeting are the miner, the
fruit-gatherer and the agriculturist, all types of the new land.

Gardens. — The Court of the Universe is distinguished by a formal
sunken garden planted with 8,000 hybrid rhododendrons from Europe.
Veronica hedges are used against the buildings, while standard acacias
and climbing plants are also in evidence. In the north avenue of the
court are hedges of ericas in variety and standard acacias with masses
of red azaleas.

One of the distinguishing features in the south section of the court
is supplied by the lofty Italian cypress trees set against the walls of
the buildings and the square-cut cypresses in the niches beneath the
tower.

VENETIAN COURT

Connecting the Court of the Universe with the Court of. the Four
Seasons is a small Venetian Court, distinguished by the treatment
of the walls of the Palace of Liberal Arts and the Palace of Agri
culture, which enclose it on the south and north. The walls are lined
with beds of California poppies and banks of variegated evergreens.

On the wall of the Arch of the Setting Sun, facing this court, are
these inscriptions:

Left Panel:

THE WORLD IS IN ITS MOST EXCELLENT
STATE WHEN JUSTICE IS SUPREME

—Dante.

Center Panel:

IT IS ABSOLUTELY INDISPENSABLE
FOR THE UNITED STATES TO EFFECT
A PASSAGE FROM THE MEXICAN GULF
TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN AND I AM
CERTAIN THAT THEY WILL DO IT-
WOULD THAT I MIGHT LIVE TO SEE
IT BUT I SHALL NOT

—Goethe (Written in 1827).
Right Panel:

THE UNIVERSE— AN INFINITE SPHERE
THE CENTER EVERYWHERE, THE CIR
CUMFERENCE NOWHERE
— Pascal (Definition of the universe from "Thoughts").

PALACE OF AGRICULTURE

The Palace faces north on the Esplanade between the entrances to
the Court of the Universe on the East and the Court of Four Seasons
on the west. To the south is the Venetian Court.

Architecture. — The north facade is the only one that can properly
be said to belong architecturally to this palace. Its chief feature is
the richly ornamented "Plateresque" entrance, similar to those on the
facades of the other north-fronting palaces.

The other walls contribute respectively to the Court of Four Sea
sons and the Court of the Universe. The building cost $420,000 and
covers seven acres.

Exhibits. — The agricultural department includes within its extensive
scope the Palace of Agriculture, the Palace of Food Products, the
Redwood Bungalow, the White and Sugar Pine Bungalow, the House
of Hoo Hoo, or Lumbermen's Building — these three being situated
in the Forestry Court to the south of the Palace of Horticulture.
The Agriculture department also includes a number of exhibits located
in the Livestock Section, to the west of the state and foreign buildings.
In the Palace of Agriculture the exhibits are arranged to show the most
up-to-date methods in all things incidental to modern intensive agri
culture, as it exists, not only in the United States of America, but in
all the leading agricultural countries of the world.

The area is insufficient to house all these exhibits, therefore the
agricultural exhibits from several foreign countries will be found in
the national pavilions of'these participating nations, as follows: Aus
tralia, Bolivia, Guatemala, Honduras, Siam, Sweden.

In the Palace, however, will be found the following foreign coun
tries' exhibits: Argentine Republic, China, Cuba, Japan, New Zealand,
Philippines, Uruguay.

An extensive exhibit of Philippine agricultural products is just
within the south entrance.

One should give particular attention and consideration to the
products displayed by the different States of the Union, and by
the individual manufacturing interests. In these exhibits will
be found the most modern productions and equipment of the farm,
with all implements to lighten the labor and cheapen the cost of pro
duction, together with modern scientific methods of sanitation in the
production of foodstuff.

Agricultural Outside Exhibits. — In the Department of Livestock,
west of the State and Foreign buildings, is a large exhibit of silos

"The Feast of Sacrifice"

By Albert Jaegers, Court of Four Seasons

and of agricultural implements, where almost daily demonstrations
of the caterpillar tractors are given.

The Pacific Coast Condensed Milk Co.'s special condensory, south
east of the Palace of Fine Arts, is included in this department.

THE COURT OF FOUR SEASONS

In passing into the Court of the Four Seasons one should pause to
observe the frescoes that ornament the vaulted ceilings of the arcade

Fountain of Spring

In the Court of Four Seasons

over the east and west entrances. The delicate low relief depicts har
vest and field scenes and is replete with figures expressive of the title
of the court.

Architecture. — This quiet and classic court has a distinct suggestion
of Hadrian's Villa near Rome, in the great half dome at its southern
end and in the arrangement of the corner recesses that are set off by
double rows of Ionic columns. In the architectural as well as the
sculptural decoration of the court are to be found suggestions of the
seasonal festivities of the ancients.

In the center is a still pool reflecting the beauties of the court.

The quiet character of the court is further carried out by the gar
dening. Evergreens with grayish foliage are used exclusively. Euca
lyptus, olive, pittosporum, crassifolium and lasiandra are the varieties
to be found. "Maidenhair" vines hang down from the walls back of
the fountains.

Sculpture. — Surmounting the great niche or half dome is the group
of "Harvest" or "Plenty," by Albert Jaegers. On the columns at
either side of the half dome are "Rain" and "Sunshine," by the same
sculptor. The first is a nymph catching the rain in a seashell. The
other is a similar figure holding a palm leaf that shades her from
the sun.

On the pylons at the north entrance to the court is another group
by Jaegers, consisting of a male and a female figure leading a bull,
called "The Feast of Sacrifice" — an ancient harvest-time fete.

In the four corners of the court are the fountains of "Spring," "Sum
mer," "Autumn" and "Winter," by Furio Piccirrilli, and in the colon
nade associated with each fountain are the seasonal paintings by
Milton Bancroft. The arrangement of the colonnades permits the
sunlight to play upon the fountains, giving an unusual light effect.

"Spring" is the central figure in the fountain of that name, at the
right of the half dome. Beside her is a girl bearing the first flowers
of the season. The stirring of the world into life again is the idea
conveyed.

"Summer" shows "a worker with the first harvest of the year. A
mother holds up to the father their first born.

About the figure of "Autumn" in the next recess are symbols of
the rich harvest season — the great jug suggesting the vintage — and
symbols of the festivities with which the season was celebrated in
ancient Greece.

In the fountain of "Winter" the central figure is Nature, resting.
On one side an old man rests from his labors in the field, on the
other a young man is sowing for the year to come.

In the forecourt is the "Fountain of Ceres," by Evelyn Beatrice
Longman. Ceres, the goddess of agriculture and abundance, is extend
ing a stalk of corn, a symbol of the harvest, and a crown of leaves.
The frieze shows dancing maidens celebrating the Feast of Ceres.

Mural Paintings. — Milton Bancroft, of New York, has ten canvases
in this court. Eight of them are placed over the doorways of colon
nades in front of the four fountain niches around the central court.
Each season is represented by two paintings, one of the seasonal
Pleasures or Pastimes and the other of the seasonal Activities or In
dustries. The canvases are respectively entitled "Spring," "Summer,"
"Autumn" and "Winter."

In two side panels of the half dome at the south end of the court
are larger vertical compositions. The subject of the painting on the

west wall adjoining the Palace of Education is "Man Receiving In
struction in Nature's Law." On the east wall adjoining the Palace of
Liberal Arts is "The Arts Crowned by Time."

Inscriptions. — Over west arches:

SO FORTH ISSEW'D THE SEASONS OF
THE YEARE— FIRST LUSTY SPRING ALL
DIGHT IN LEAVES AND FLOWRES

THEN CAME THE JOLLY SOMMER BEING DIGHT
IN A THIN SILKEN CASSOCK COLOURED GREENE
THEN CAME THE AUTUMNE ALL IN YELLOW CLAD

LASTLY CAME WINTER CLOATHED ALL
IN PRIZE— CHATTERING HIS TEETH FOR
COLD THAT DID HIM CHILL

— Spenser.
Over east arches:

FOR LASTING HAPPINESS WE TURN

OUR EYES TO ONE ALONE
AND SHE SURROUNDS YOU NOW

GREAT NATURE, REFUGE OF THE

WEARY HEART AND ONLY BALM TO
BREASTS THAT HAVE BEEN BRUISED

SHE HATH COOL HANDS FOR EVERY

FEVERED BROW AND GENTLEST
SILENCE FOR THE TROUBLED SOUL

—Sterling.

Turning north out of the court, the visitor is confronted with one
of the magnificent vistas afforded by the Exposition. The wooded
height on the opposite shore of the bay is Belvedere.

In the opposite direction through the doorway under the half dome
is another of the beautiful Exposition vistas, an ornamental section
of the Palace of Horticulture being visible through the opening, as a
background for the equestrian statue, "The End of the Trail."

THE ESPLANADE

Going north through the forecourt one conies to the Esplanade,
which extends westward from the ferry slip along the north facades
of the Palaces of Mines, Transportation, Agriculture and Food Prod
ucts, and through the state section to the Massachusetts Building.
At the end of the court the ornamental light standards should be
noticed. These are typical of the detail on the monument of Lysicrates
at Athens. Emerging on the Esplanade one sees to the left the mas
sive walls of the California Building. To the right is the yacht harbor
and directly in front is the reproduction of Morro Castle, which stands
at the entrance of Havana Harbor, Cuba. The reproduction is used
for the battery of 48 searchlights known as the scintillator, which
supplies many of the novel features of the illumination. The locomo
tive on the opposite breakwater of the Yacht Harbor is also used for
illumination effects, its purpose being to supply clouds of steam.

• i

Ik JU

* t

ADMINISTRATION AVENUE

Going west on the Esplanade one comes to the north end of the
Administration Avenue, whence one may obtain a good view of the
California Building, which contains the administrative headquarters
and social headquarters of the Exposition as well as the California
display section. The architectural motif of this structure is taken
from the surviving missions in various parts of California. Within
the cloister is a reproduction of the Forbidden Gardens of Santa Bar
bara. (See article on gardens.) The hedges which surround this
garden and the large trees in front of the main tower of the building
were part of the Harbor View Gardens that formerly occupied this
site. These and the large eucalyptus at the south end of Administra
tion Avenue are the only trees originally on the Exposition site.
(For futher information on the California Building see State and
Foreign Buildings.)

Turning north on Administration Avenue, past the Hawaiian Build
ing, one comes to the half dome over the western entrance to the
Palace of Food Products, which is called the Portal of Plenty.

THE PALACE OF FOOD PRODUCTS

At the northwest corner of the main group of palaces is the Palace
of Food Products, occupying five and a half acres.

Architecture. — The principal feature of the north facade is the highly
ornamental "Plateresque" portal, reproduced from the cathedral of
Salamanca, Spain. The north portals of all four palaces fronting on
the Esplanade are the same.

On the west of the Palace of Food Products is the massive Roman
half dome called "The Portal of Plenty," and on the south, facing the
Palace of Education, is a grilled doorway with spiral columns.

Sculpture. — In the niches of the north portal are the figures of "The
Conquistador" (the Spanish conqueror) and two of "The Pirate," by
Allen Newman, types of the men who "sailed the Spanish Main" and
led the Spanish conquests in America.

In the niches along the west wall are repeated "The Triumph
of the Field" and "Abundance," by Charles R. Harley. The figures
are enthroned as though leading a pageant celebrating the harvest
season, and are surrounded by symbols of abundance and the fruitful-
ness of the earth.

On top of the free-standing columns on either side of the half dome
is the figure of "Youth," by Ralph Stackpole. Topping the columns
within the half dome is "Physical Vigor," by Earl Cummings. The
figure holds a wreath such as crowned the victors in the Olympian
games of ancient Greece.

Within the half dome is an old Italian fountain.

Exhibits. — In this palace will be found all of the primary products
of the farm reduced to edible form. In all sections of the building are
processing exhibits. Here one can see all kinds and classes of cereals,
reduced to different grades and kinds of flour and meal, and the prod
ucts baked into prepared foods by bakers representing ten different
nations. Here also is a small chewing gum manufacturing plant. It is
the first time in the history of expositions that chewing gum has been
made so that visitors may see how it is done and what it is made from. ,

The decortication and roasting of coffee, the firing and blending of
tea, the manufacture of confections, and numerous other activities of

unusual interest to the housewife, or to any one interested in knowing
how pure foods are produced and prepared, are among the displays.

In this palace will be found exhibits from foreign countries of in
tense interest to the visitor.

Argentine occupies a large section near the northwest corner, along
the west side of the palace.

Cuba occupies a large section along the north wall, near the north
west corner.

Great Britain. The British section will be found to be of intense
interest. The principal exhibits are those by individual concerns, who
bore the expense of their individual exhibits.

Italy shows the products of the leading industries of its great
country.

Japan has a wonderfully interesting section near the north main
entrance.

The Netherlands exhibit may be found near the northwest corner,
and contains a marvelously interesting display of food products.

Portugal, near the north main entrance, has an attractive and inter
esting installation of its wines, liqueurs and food products.

Interesting food products displays will also be found in the national
pavilions of the following mentioned countries: Argentine, Australia,
Bolivia, China, Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Italy, Japan, The Nether
lands, New Zealand, The Philippines, Portugal, Siam, Sweden,
Uruguay.

A large restroom for women is situated at the south entrance to
this palace. This restroom is free, and all are invited to avail them
selves of its use.

PALACE OF FINE ARTS

To the west of Administration Avenue is the Fine Arts Lagoon,
separating the Palace-of Fine Arts from the other Exposition palaces.

Architecture. — This structure with its surroundings presents one of
the most remarkable and artistic achievements of the Exposition. The
general treatment gives the palace a similarity to the Temple of the
Sun at Athens. Much of the detail has been taken from the Choragic
monument of Lysicrates, also at Athens.

The general effect of the building from a distance is that of an
ancient ruin overgrown with vegetation that has sprung up in the
course of centuries. This idea has been carried out with success by
the landscape department in the treatment of the borders of the
lagoon and the building itself. The sections of high hedge about the
rotunda are of the same ice-plant, or mesembryanthemum, that com
poses the outside wall of the Exposition.

Taking advantage of the sequestered position of the building, the
architect, B. R. Maybeck, has endeavored to reflect the mood of the
visitor, who leaves the building with a feeling of reverence for art.
The same idea has actuated the sculptors who have contributed to'
the ornamentation of the building's exterior.

The palace is in the shape of an arc eleven hundred feet in length.
The domed rotunda in front of the main entrance is 165 feet in height.
Following the line of the building is a Corinthian colonnade.

At intervals along the wall that traverses the colonnade are many
interesting bits of statuary (exhibits in the Fine Arts Department)
that are distinct from the Exposition sculpture and that will be found
labeled with their titles and the names of the sculptors. (See Fine
Arts catalogue.)

Sculpture. — In front of the rotunda, directly above the waters of
the lagoon, is a girlish figure kneeling at the Altar of Art and guard
ing the fires of inspiration, the work of Ralph Stackpole. The frieze
about the altar is by Bruno Louis Zimm.

The figure above the main doorway to the interior of the palace
that seems to float in the air is "Inspiration," by Leo Lentelli.

Just beneath the dome on the exterior of the rotunda is a- series of
classic Greek panels by Bruno Louis Zimm. "The Unattainable in
Art" is on the east side. Art is the central figure. Her votaries, on
either side, are struggling to reach her, while materialism, in the shape
of the centaur, intervenes and hinders their progress.

The other panels are "Poetry, or the Triumph of Pegasus," present
ing the Greek myth of the winged horse of inspiration, and "The
Chariot of Apollo."

Panel on rotunda of I

of Fine Arts

Between the Zimm panels are figures of the Classic Arts by Ulric
H. Ellerhusen.

The friezes around the flower boxes against the wall of the building
and at the base of the rotunda are also by Ellerhusen, as are the fig
ures of the "weeping woman" repeated at the corners of the boxes
that top the colonnade. With these melancholy, contemplative figures
the sculptor has carried out the architect's idea of reflecting the mood
of the thoughtful visitor to the collections of art works within the
building.

At the tops of columns within the rotunda is the repeated "Priestess
of Culture," by Herbert Adams.

Mural Paintings. — The eight panels under the dome are by Robert
Reid. The entire scheme, suggested in the four major panels, has to
do with the conception and birth of art, its commitment to the earth
and its progress and acceptance by the human intellect.

The other four panels symbolize the four "golds" of California: the;
gold of the poppy, of the citrus fruits, of the wheat and of the metal.

FOR COMPLETE INTERPRETATION OF THE SCULPTURE
AND MURAL PAINTINGS SEE "OFFICIAL SCULPTURE'
BOOK," BY STELLA G. S. PERRY, FOR SALE ABOUT THE
GROUNDS AND ELSEWHERE.

The panels are lighted from below by the reflected sunlight from
the Fine Arts Lagoon.

"The "Birth of European Art" is symbolied in the first of the major
panels. There are five dominant figures grouped about an altar on
which burns the sacred fire. An earthly messenger leans from his
chariot to receive in his right hand from the guardian of the flame
the torch of inspiration, while with his left hand he holds back his rear
ing steeds. In front of these a winged attendant checks for an instant
their flight. The central figure, the guardian of the altar, still holds the
torch, and below her are three satellites, one clasping a cruse of oil,
inother pouring oil upon the altar while she holds in her hand a flam
ing brand, ready to renew the flame should it falter, a third zealously
watching the fire as it burns. Opposite these, a figure holds a crystal
gazing-globe, in which the future has been revealed to her, but her
head is turned to watch the flight of the earthly messenger.

"The Birth of Oriental Art" is designated in the second panel. The
forces of the earth wresting inspiration from the powers of the air
are pictured in a contest between a joyous figure in ancient Chinese
armor mounted upon a golden dragon combating an eagle (Legend
of the Ming Dynasty). A female figure under a huge umbrella repre
sents Japan, one of the heritors of the victory of Earth over Air, while
on either side are two other Oriental figures in gorgeous attire, sym
bolic of the long periods of Oriental Art.

The third panel represents the "Ideals in Art." There are seven
figures, the Greek ideal of beauty dominating all in a classic nude.
Below this Religion is portrayed in a Madonna and Child. Heroism
is shown in Jeanne d'Arc, mounted on a war-horse and flinging
abroad her victorious pennant. A young girl represents youth and
material beauty, while at her side a flaunting peacock stands for
absolute nature, without ideal or inspiration. A mystic figure in the
background holds the cruse of oil. Over all of them floats a winged
figure holding a laurel wreath for the victorious living, while a shad
owy figure in the foreground holds a palm for the dead.

The fourth panel represents the "Inspirations of All Art," five figures
symbolizing Music, Painting, Architecture, Poetry and Sculpture.
Flying above these are two winged figures, one holding a torch flam
ing with the sacred oil that has been brought from the altar, the other
drawing back the veil of darknes, revealing the tangible, visible ex
pression of Art to mortal eyes.

Gardens. — Between the columns of the colonnade and along the
wall of the building are planted artemisia, Monterey cypress and small
eucalyptus.

The planting around the lagoon is confined to the natural, such as
weeping willows, groups of evergreen shrubs and the like on the small
promontories and inlets of the lake. In addition to the large trees
10,000 vinca major, or periwinkle, have been set out with 5,000 violets,
1,000 white calla lilies and 500 yellow calla bulbs.

Exhibits. — The exhibits of the Department of Fine Arts are divided
into a United States Section, a section for each foreign nation officially
participating in the Exposition and represented by a commission, an
international section, sections for different media, a loan collection,
and a number of "one-man" collections. Each of these sections has
its subdivisions.

(For location of various galleries see map on preceding page.)

The United States Section, in the formation of which the Depart
ment of Fine Arts sought the co-operation of every American artist,
whether at home or abroad, of every art institution in America, and
of individual collectors and amateurs generally, consists of an exhibit
of works produced by American artists since 1904, which will be eli
gible for award at the hands of the International Jury of Awards; of
such works by living American artists produced prior to 1904 as it
seems desirable to include, which will not be eligible for award, and
of a loan collection.

In the loan collection, in order that the popular error of supposing
that the American artist of today is without ancestry or tradition may
be refuted, there is a chronological historical showing of American
painting and sculpture covering the period from Colonial and Revolu
tionary times down to the years just preceding our own. As this line
of descent in this country has been swayed now to the right and now
to the left by the influence of foreign schools, and since the foreign
sections in this Exposition, as has already been noted, is of today,
there is shown also a collection of foreign works (not contemporane
ous) arranged by schools, which will make clear what their influence
has been upon the fine arts in America and, at the same time, serve
as a sort of index to the vast wealth of our public and private col
lections.

In the case of every foreign section officially represented in the
Department of Fine Arts the National Section is under the direct
control (subject only to the general rules and regulations of the Ex
position) of the Commissioners or National Committees.

In the International Section are shown works by artists of the
foreign nations not represented by Commissioners or by National
Committees; and such works by artists of foreign nations officially
represented as may be omitted from their own national sections.

The general purpose in the arrangement of the exhibits has been
to show tendencies.

The "one-man" exhibits include the works of John H. Twachtmann,
Edmund C. Tarbell, Edward W. Redfield, Frank Duveneck, Wm. M.
Chase, Childe Hassam, Gari Melchers, Alson Clark, John Singer Sar
gent, Francis McComas, Arthur F. Mathews, William Keith and
Whistler.

Special galleries include: Illustration, represented by the works of
Howard Pyle; etching and lithography, by Joseph Pennell; pastels by
John M. Hamilton; small bronzes, and miniatures.

The showing also includes representative works of the futurist,
cubist and other ultra-modern schools.

The international section includes works of art from all over Europe.
Among the distinctive features, as contrasted with the art exhibits at
other expositions, are the comprehensive showings of Hungarian,
Norwegian and Austrian canvases and sculpture.

A supplementary building has been constructed in the rear of the
palace to accommodate the large number of exhibits received after
the Exposition opened.

As an assistance and encouragement to exhibiting artists, the De
partment of Fine Arts has organized a sales bureau and most of the
works by living artists may be purchased for delivery at the close of
the Exposition at studio prices.

PALACE OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL ECONOMY

This palace is the southwest unit of the main group, its main facades
being on Administration Avenue and the Avenue of Palms. The
building covers a little less than five acres and cost $304,263.

Architecture. — The west wall with its great half-dome is Roman, in
keeping with the character of the Palace of Fine Arts across the
lagoon. The north and south facades present a combination of Byzan
tine and Spanish Renaissance.

Sculpture. — In the tympanum above the main south entrance is the
relief panel of "Education," by Gustave Gerlach. At one side a scien-

"The End of the Trail"
At entrance to Court of Palms, by James Earl Fraser

tist is occupied with his researches, at the other a mother is instructing
her children, while in the center is the teacher. To the left of the
doorway is a panel by Charles Peters, and on the right a panel by
Cesare Stea. Both have education for their subject.

The figures occupying the niches along the west wall, "The Triumph
of the Field" and "Abundance," are the same as those on the west
wall of the Palace of Food Products.

The figures topping the columns on either side of the half-dome or
"Portal of Thought" are of "Youth" by Ralph Stackpole. The figure
on top of the columns within the half-dome is "Philosophy" holding
the scroll of knowledge. Albert Weinert is the sculptor.

Exhibits. — The floor space is occupied by displays of the Depart
ment of Education and the Department of Social Economy, both of
which will be found unusually well planned and arranged and appli-

cable to the daily needs of most visitors. In selecting the education
exhibits, duplications have been avoided, and each State has specialized
on that feature in which it excels. New York's display demonstrates
the worth of centralized control. Wisconsin, the first State to incor
porate motion pictures in its course of study, shows how films are
used in teaching civil engineering. Oregon makes her rural schools
the center of interest, and so on through the list.

One of the exhibits here is a film course of study, with text book
and graphophone, operated in connection with it, arranged by asso
ciated firms doing business in the three industries represented.

Films play an important part throughout the Exposition, and their
possibilities for usefulness in the cause of education is fully shown
in the education displays.

Court of Palms

California has featured school architecture in photographs and
models and educational motion pictures showing school facilities and
activities. The Philippine Islands have an extensive and interesting
exhibit, showing the remarkable educational progress of the islands.

In this building also are the child welfare and child labor displays^
made by the United States Government.

The social economy offerings were so many and so worthy that
space had to be found for some of them in the Palace of Mines and
Metallurgy, the Palace of Liberal Arts and the New York City Build
ing, where the human welfare features that have been worked out by
different industrial organizations are shown in operation.

The displays of the Philippine Islands, Argentina, France, China,
Japan and Cuba, in the Palace of Education, are complete and compre
hensive, and for purposes of comparison will afford the student unusual
opportunity. Cost $304,263.

COURT OF PALMS

East of the Palace of Education and south of the Court of the Four
Seasons is the Court of Palms, the fifth and last of the principal Expo
sition courts, in the order here presented.

The entrance to the court is set off by two towers, 210 feet in height,
similar to those at the entrance to the Court of Flowers, at the other
end of the main group of palaces. Like the latter, the towers of the
Court of Palms were inspired by the Tower of Geralda at Seville.

The architectural treatment of the court is Italian, particularly good
examples of this architecture being supplied by the three deep portals
leading respectively into the Palace of Education on the west, the
Palace of Liberal Arts on the east and the Court of the Four Seasons
on the north.

"The Pursuit of Pleasure"

Mural painting by Charles Holloway, in the Court of Palms

Encircling the court is a colonnade of Ionic columns. The attic
of the court is relieved by a series of winged Caryatides. Above it is
a roof of Spanish tile.

In keeping with the name of the court, rows of palms in variety
have been set out. In the gardens between the central pools and the
colonnades are also to be found specimens of chamerops excelsa;
color being supplied by wall flowers and Spanish iris.

Sculpture. — At the entrance to the court is "The End of the Trail,"
by James Earl Fraser. An Indian rider and his pony, buffeted by the
wind, convey a sense of utter weariness. The work may be interpreted
merely as a picture of physical exhaustion, or as symbolizing the tragic
story of the extinction of the redman.

At the tops of the towers is the figure of "The Fairy," by Carl
Gruppe. The purely architectural features of the court's sculpture
were contributed by Calder, Bateman and Weinert.

Murals. — The Court of Palms has three mural paintings, semi
circular in shape, placed over the doorways leading into the Palace
of Liberal Arts, the Palace of Education and the Court of Four
Seasons.

The north panel is by Arthur Matthews, of San Francisco, and rep
resents the "Victory of Culture and the Humanities Over Brute
Force." The title of the painting explains the meaning of the figures
composing the work.

The painting by Charles Holloway is in the eastern lunette and is
entitled "The Pursuit of Pleasure." The winged aerial figure repre
sents "Pleasure." The other nude figures are mortals engaged in her
pursuit, or resting from the pursuit.

'Truits and Flowers" is the title of the painting by Childe Hassam,
in the lunette, over the western doorway. The fruits and flowers
themselves are in evidence as well as being symbolized by the chil
dren. The sea forms the background, and the general composition
of the picture is in consonance with the architecture ana floral decora
tion of the court.

PALACE OF LIBERAL ARTS

The Palace of Liberal Arts adjoins the Tower of Jewels on the west.

The main facade of this palace, on the south, is practically identical
with that of the Palace of Manufactures on the opposite side of the
tower. Its distinguishing feature is the massive Spanish Renaissance
portal with its ornamental grill and archway. Above this doorway is
repeated the frieze by Mahonri Young, described in connection with
the Palace of Manufactures.

Exhibits. — The building has nearly six acres of floor space, divided
into fifteen groups representing more than 400 of the largest domestic
and foreign firms. One-fourth of this space is occupied by the United
States Government; about one-fifth by the foreign nations, and the
rest by domestic exhibitors. The foreign nations exhibiting are Ger
many, Japan, Italy, Argentina, Uruguay, Portugal, Netherlands and
China. Some of the products in the Liberal Arts classification are
also installed in Palace of Machinery, Festival Hall, Agricultural
Palace, Varied Industries Palace, the Palace of Manufactures, the
Palace of Horticulture, and the Exposition Hospital.

The liberal arts include the sciences, philosophy, history and all of
the applied sciences.

Among the exhibits in this department are typography, books and
publications, including dictionaries, encyclopaedias, book binding,
maps and apparatus for geography, cosmography, topography, some
extremely interesting ideas in maps and the manufacture of paper.

Then comes photography, showing all the latest colored pho
tograph processes, moving picture machines, equipment of photo
graphic studios, etc. Here also are instruments of precision,
philosophical apparatus, coins and medals, surveying instruments,
astronomical instruments, telescopes, lenses, electrical instruments,
optical instruments, marine glasses, calculating machines, registers,
testing machines of various description.

One of the most interesting features is that covered by medicine
and surgery, chemical and pharmacal arts. This includes everything
pertaining to medical and surgical instruments, drugs, X-ray machines,
foot appliances, artificial limbs, etc., as well as all the chemicals used
for various purposes.

Musical instruments, including pianos, player-pianos, band instru
ments, reed instruments, organs, string instruments, accordions, phono-

graphs, talking machines, graphophones and similar devices are shown.

Perhaps most interesting of all are the electrical methods of com
munication, showing wireless telephones, radio wireless, fire alarm
systems, police systems, dictagraph phones, electrical telegraphones,
which record conversations on a steel wire, and the long-distance
telephone system from New York to San Francisco. Other exhibits
include architecture, civil and military engineering, models, plans
and designs for public works.

PALACE OF HORTICULTURE

This palace, the most ornate of the Exposition palaces, marks the
western limit of the South Gardens.

Architecture. — In general the architectural arrangement resembles
the Mosque of Ahmed I, in Constantinople. The detail and orna
mentation are French Renaissance, while the decorative trellis work is
similar to that of the French garden architecture of Louis XIV.

The great glass dome is 182 feet in height and 152 feet in diameter.
The basket which tops the dome is 100 feet in circumference. The
lighting of the dome by searchlights from within supplies one of the
most interesting features of the Exposition spectacle at night.

The cost of the building was approximately $400,000.

Exhibits. — The area beneath the dome holds a display of tropical
fruits, flowers and palms in exquisite arrangement, the choicest offer
ings from many participating nations having been assembled for this
display, notable among them being the Cuban palms and fruit trees.

The Economical Section, which adjoins the great dome on the west,
embraces pomology in all its phases, together with the mechanical
appliances used in its production and marketing. All standard varie
ties of fruits are shown in their commercial pack, and new and
interesting varieties may also be seen. The educational features are
particularly interesting, and are made with the idea of presenting the
practical handling of all fruits. The model cannery shows all processes,
from the receipt of the loose fruit from the orchard until, as canned
fruit, it is boxed ready for delivery to the grocer. Microscopists and
chemists conduct their laboratories in full view of visitors, showing
how they arrive at their results. The orange packing house shows
how the loose fruit is received, brushed, labeled, packed and boxed.
The seed-packing establishment shews the preparation of the seeds
and how they are packed for the market. The dried fruit exhibits in
standard commercial packages and in the new family size carton, and
the raisin seeding and packing establishment are worthy of considera
tion, as well as the operating exhibits of horticultural machinery,
spraying devices, etc.

As is most appropriate in the State where "plant wizardry" first
gained recognition, there are displays of many new varieties.

In the Horticulture Gardens, south and west of the palace, which
embrace floriculture and arboriculture, will be found exhibits illus
trating the improvement of variety through seed selection, the creation
of new varieties through plant hybridization, and the origination of
new species through the Mendelian theory of segregatio'n. The benefit
of expert cultural methods will also be shown, and an interesting fea
ture will be found in a number of exhibits which are made by the
originators of a particular fruit or flower. The International Rose
Contest, participated in by the leading rose originators of the world,
will be found in Block 18.

A description of the outdoor horticulture exhibits will be found
under the head of "Gardens" in this Guide.

LIVE STOCK SECTION.

The Department of Live Stock occupies sixty-five acres west of
the State Buildings.

The buildings for housing the exhibits in this department and for its
executive offices number fifteen, and were erected at a cost of $150,000,
exclusive of the cost of the mile race track. These buildings are
grouped about the central forum or judging ring in such a manner that
animals may be led directly from their stalls into the arena. The ca
pacity of the buildings is such that more animals are accommodated in
fewer buildings than at previous Expositions. These buildings are at
tractive in design and have been built for exhibition purposes and not
on the lines of the farm utility plan formerly used.

The executive offices have been built in bungalow form fronting the
Congress Hall. This hall is provided as a meeting-place for forty-six
live stock associations which will hold meetings and congresses during
the Exposition period. It is equipped with a moving picture apparatus
showing scenes taken from the live stock and agricultural activities
of different countries.

A model modern barn has been constructed especially for dairy
cattle. Adjacent to the dairy cattle barn are eight silos of different
types of manufacture, erected as containers for corn and other silage
to be used in connection with the feeding problems relating to dairy
production.

Live Stock Events. — Many contests and special events have been
provided for in the Live Stock section. The International Egg Laying
Contest participated in by six hundred hens of different breeds and
representing a number of Canadian Provinces and different sections
of Great Britain in addition to many States of the Union, will continue
for one year following November 23rd, 1914; the Polo Tournament of
six weeks' duration, on a specially prepared field located within the
infield of the Race Track; a special Society Horse Show, in
which liberal cash prizes and trophies are offered, will be
held beginning October 2nd; Cavalry events with suitable
trophies for officers and cash prizes for enlisted men; sheep dog
trials; police dog trials, and other various events of interest
to the dog lover; a sheep-shearing contest, and wool-grading contest.
A harness meeting will be held on October 30th to November 13th, for
a total of $227,000 in purses and stakes with four races of $20,000 each.

Exhibits. — The competition for premiums on recognized breeds of
Live Stock will begin on September 30th and close on December 3rd.

In addition to the provisions made for the competition for premiums
there are maintained in the barns of the Department of Live Stock a
number of animals representing different breeds and also utility ani
mals, and these are for a permanent or educational exhibit.

Among the horses the Percherons, Shires, Arabians, thoroughbreds
and standard breds are represented by excellent individuals. Holstein-
Friesian cattle are displayed for both breed characteristics and their
utility value. The American Berkshire Association maintains a herd
of well-selected Berkshire swine of both sexes and different ages in
order that interested parties may see the development of these
animals.

In the corrals of the department is installed one of the most valu
able educational exhibits in the display of a utility herd of beef pro-

ducing animals. Shorthorns, Aberdeen-Angus and Herefords are
shown in order that the type and characteristics of these several breeds
may be studied, while in contrast with them may be seen American
"Natives" and Mexicans of no breeding and of small utility value.
There is also maintained a utility show of sheep.

A large display of dogs of all nations occupies the space devoted to
this purpose, and this will be supplemented by a series of sheep dog
trials, police dog trials and other exhibitions showing the utility value
of the dog as well as his training.

In the Poultry Building, in addition to the International Egg Laying
contest, are numerous varieties of poultry showing the result of the
breeder's art. These birds are bred not for egg production so much as
for breeding purposes.

In the same building may be found several varieties of pheasants,
varieties of Bantams, a pigeon exhibit, the curious Japanese Bantams
or Silkies, and the wonderful long-tailed Japanese fowl, one of which
has tail feathers measuring nearly twelve feet in length, and about
1,000 pigeons of different varieties. Daily instruction is given in this
building in the methods of handling poultry, pigeons and pheasants,
as well as in the candling of eggs.

In a specially prepared home in the poultry building is housed a
number of racing homing pigeons, which are in training for long dis
tance speed races to take place this Fall.

VIEWS AND VISTAS OF TI}E EXPOSITION.

One of the most beautiful features of the Exposition and one that
came as a surprise with the completion of the Palaces and Courts is the
beauty of the classic vistas that were presented with the waters of San
Francisco Bay and the Marin County hills as a background, and the
colonnades of the Courts as a frame for the pictures.

Following locations afford the most advantageous views:

From either end, looking along the Avenue of Palms.

From the North side of the Court of The Ages (Abundance), looking
North across the Bay.

From the South- side of the Court of the Universe, looking North
across the Bay. Angel Island in the distance.

From the center of the Court of the Universe, looking South throu^L
the arch of the Tower of Jewels toward the hills of the city.

From the North side of the Court of the Four Seasons, looking
North across the Bay. Belvedere in the distance.

From the North side of the Court of The Four Seasons, looking
South through the doorway in the great half dome at its Southern
side, which reveals the equestrian statue "The End of the Trail," with a
portion of the Palace of Horticulture framed in the background.

From the South Gardens through the arch of the Tower of Jewels
to the North across the Court of the Universe. Note how the blue
of mural paintings by Dodge, on the sides of the arch, match the blue
of the sky on a clear day.

From the juncture of the Avenue of Palms and the Avenue of Pro
gress, looking North. Angel Island is seen across the Bay.

Through the Marin County Display in the California Building.

From the South side of the Court of Palms, looking North through
the Court of the Four Seasons toward the Bay.

Some of the best views of the Exposition are afforded from the hills
of the city to the South. A climb to the Presidio hills, back of the
Foreign section, will be rewarded with a magnificent sweep of the
Exposition.

State and Foreign Buildings and Participation.

Twenty-eight States and Territories of the United States and twen
ty-two foreign nations are represented at the Exposition by buildings.
Other States and foreign countries are participating in the Expo
sition either officially through their respective governments or unoffi
cially through manufacturers, merchants or individuals, and will be
found represented only in the exhibit palaces.

It is a notable fact that the general participation in the Exposition
was not diminished by the European war, on the contrary, in a number
of instances — notably in the cases of Argentina, France, and Japan
— the extent of participation was considerably increased after the
war commenced.

The United States has erected no building of its own, but has ex
pended more than $500,000 in presenting the largest single display of
any Nation at any Exposition. This is distributed among the several
Palaces.

Detailed lists of exhibitors will be found in the Official Catalogue of
Exhibits.

The area devoted to the State and Foreign Buildings is West of
the Palace of Fine Arts and East of the Live Stock Section.

(See map under front cover.)

NATIONS REPRESENTED.

The following Nations are represented at the Exposition: Argentina,
Austria, Australia, Bolivia, Belgium, Canada, Cuba, China, Denmark,
France, Greece, Guatemala, Great Britain, Germany, Honduras, Hol
land, Italy, India, Japan, Luxemberg, New Zealand, Norway, Panama,
Persia, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Siam, Spain, Turkey, Uruguay.

The State and Foreign Pavilions are open from 9:00 A. M. to
5:00 P. M.

Brief descriptions of the interesting exterior and interior features of
the several buildings that ornament the State and Foreign Section,
and an outline of' the participation of each of the States and Nations,
follow:

Argentine. — On the Esplanade directly to the West of the Nether
lands Building is the Argentine Pavilion, one of the handsomest
structures on the Exposition grounds. The style of the architecture
is French Renaissance. Within its walls and directly in the center
of the building is a spacious motion picture theater where lectures
with film pictures, relating to the various sections of the Argentine
Republic and their resources are given daily by representatives of
that great country.

On the lower floor are various reception rooms, and surrounding the
theater on both the upper and lower floors, are a number of diaramas.
These show the natural beauties of the rich country and the social and
commercial importance of Buenos Aires.

The earnestness with which Argentina entered into the spirit of the
Exposition can be realized when it is recited that the government ap
propriated $1,700,000 for its participation. More than 5,000 exhibits
have been installed in the pavilion and the various exhibit Palaces.

The Argentine Republic exports more chilled meat and more corn
than any other Nation, in wheat she is second only to Russia, and in

wool second only to Australia. Particular attention has been paid to
cattle and sheep, which form a large part of the country's live stock
exhibit. The tremendous diversity of agricultural life is displayed by
Argentina's farmers in more than 9,000 square feet of floor space in the
Palace of Agriculture. This is devoted mainly to the exhibits of corn
and wheat.

A large space in the Palace of Education has been devoted to the
exhibits showing marked activity and progress in social economy. Ar
gentina's system of compulsory voting, management of government-
owned railways, tram systems, parcel post and other public utilities
are also shown in this Palace. In addition are shown model schools
for which the Government last year appropriated $60,000,000. Immi-

Argentine Building

gration and the paternal treatment of immigrants is the subject of
a special exhibit. Under this system immigrants are treated on ar
rival as Government guests and lodged in the Government hotels until
they can be placed in trade or at the labor for which each is best
suited. After being properly classified they are given employment,
transported to their destination free of charge and in many instances
are provided with land, stock and agricultural implements, for which
payments are made in small yearly installments.

More than 6,000 square feet of floor space has been utilized by Ar
gentina in the Palace of Mines, where are exhibited many minerals in
which the soil of that country is rich. In the Palace of Varied In
dustries a similar amount of space is devoted to the various manufac
tured products in which the country specializes.

A fortune in paintings, sculpture, bronzes and art work of the highest
order are exhibited in the Palace of Fine Arts.

The Exposition Commission of Argentine was selected from pro
gressive and representative citizens of that country and these commis
sioners held weekly sessions for more than a year at which the sub
ject matter of exhibits was thoroughly discussed. This has caused the
Argentine exhibits to be of a most comprehensive range and excelled
by no other nation.

Australia. — The Australian Pavilion adjoins the Presidio entrance
to the Exposition at the terminal station of the Union Street cars.
Each of the three entrances is adorned with ornamental panels illus
trating the flora and fauna of Australia.

The exhibits are entirely representative of the natural resources and
primary products of Australia, which have been displayed with a well
carried out intention of allowing everything to be seen in the form in
which it takes its place in the commerce of the country and of the
world. Agricultural and pastoral industries, timber in the rough and
manufactured, every sort of mineral and a valuable collection of gems,
including the famous New South Wales black opals, a large assortment
of refrigerated produce and fruit, and a valuable lot of aboriginal and
other curios are embraced in the collection.

Bolivia. — The architectural features of the Bolivian Building, near
the center of the Avenue of Nations, are symbolical of the history of
Bolivia. The pylons at the entrance reproduce two monoliths found
in the Tihuanacu ruins. Near the top of the monoliths the god Vira-
cocha is shown, crowned and sceptered. The doorway is a copy of
the great doorway of the church at San Lorenzo, in Potosi.

Within the building is a great courtyard modeled after the patio of
the Casa Real de Moneda, the ancient Mint of Potosi. In the court is
a model of the fountain still standing in the Mint. In the rooms sur
rounding the courts are exhibits of Bolivian wines, mineral waters,
embroideries and agricultural products. The walls of the rooms are
adorned with skins of alpaca, llama, vicuna and jaguar.

One room is devoted to food products, Bolivian timber and the
cloths woven by Bolivian Indians.

Canada. — The architecture of the Canadian Building is a combina
tion of the Neo-Greek and Colonial styles. The main entrance dis
closes a lobby, splendidly decorated. The first recess to the left con
tains a large panoramic map of Canada and relief models of the
water-powers of the country. Then comes the several sections com
prising agriculture, horticultural, minerals, fish and game, water and
railroad transportation.

China. — China, like Japan, has erected a- group of buildings rather
than a single structure for her representation at the Exposition. These
are enclosed by a miniature of the Great Chinese Wall and are
separated by Chinese gardens. The trees and shrubbery were brought
from China, as were the sections of the buildings which were assem
bled and erected on the grounds. Some of the dwarf trees in the
gardens are hundreds of years old.

The group reproduces a portion of the Forbidden City of Peking.
The center pavilion is an exact model of the Tai-Ho Palace, built in
the Tsing Dynasty, and now used by the President for the reception
of all foreign diplomats.

The two pavilions at the side are modeled from the so-called "Pen
Palace" which serves, in Peking, as a waiting room for high officials
who have audiences with the President.

One of the Chinese Buildings (top), the Cuban Building,
the Norwegian Building, the Danish Building, and a corner
of the Japanese Gardens (bottom).

Within the pavilions are almost priceless collections of hand carved
furniture, carved woods, paintings, screens, cloisonne ware and objects
of Chinese art.

The Chinese exhibits proper are- distributed among the Palaces of
Varied Industries, Fine Arts, Liberal Arts, Mines, Food Products,
Transportation and Education.

Cuba.— The Cuban Building is typical of the palatial hacienda-s of
the Cuban plantations. The structure may be readily distinguished
by its pinkish color and high square tower that terminates the West
ern vista along the Avenue of Palms.

Within the building is a spacious patio decorated with potted plants
and native Cuban shrubbery. A portion of the first floor is given over
to the educational and industrial exhibits for which there was insuffi
cient room in the Palace of Education and the Palace of Varied In
dustries. The building is intended, however, more for reception than
exhibit purposes.

Denmark.— The Danish Building has been erected by the Danish-
Americans. The motifs used are mostly taken from Danish castles
of the Renaissance period. The interior is furnished as a modern rich
Danish home, with costly furniture and paintings borrowed from the
National Museum of Art at Copenhagen. Of special interest is a
copy of the famous Icelandic Legend accounting for the first dis
covery of America by the Icelanders.

On either side of the entrance a large stone has been placed. The
left is a copy of the memorial stone which King Harald placed on the
grave of his father, King Gorm, the first historical King of Denmark
and his mother, Queen Thyra.

The stone on the right side explains that the Danish-Americans
have erected the Denmark Building.

France. — Located on the Avenue of the Nations, immediately to
the West of the Japanese Gardens, is the French Building. The struc
ture is a reproduction of the Palais de la- Legion d'Honneur, in Paris.

The building fronts upon a spacious garden and contains some of
the most interesting exhibits and relics that could be collected in
France. Gobelin tapestries and goods belonging to the Mobilier Na
tional are shown, as are exhibits of the French Theater, showing mod
els of the leading actors and actresses.

One room contains souvenirs of Balzac, Victor Hugo and Renan,
while another contains exhibits of architecture. One room is given
over completely to a library of modern French literature especially
selected for the American public. There are also large exhibits of
French railroad companies, showing scenic points of France. Dresses,
earthenware, jewels and porcelains are shown by private exhibitors.

Part of the French Building has been assigned to Belgium, and con
tains interesting exhibits of old and modern laces.

Greece.— The Greek Building, located just within the Presidio en
trance, was constructed after the Exposition opened. The structure
is typical, architecturally, of the country it represents, and is well
set off with terraced gardens. The main feature of the interior of
the building is the sculpture gallery, occupying most of the main floor
space, where is to be seen a magnificent showing of ancient and
modern Greek works of art.

Guatemala. — The Gautemala Pavilion is located to the West of the
Inside Inn. near the Baker Street entrance. The building is charac
teristic of the architecture of Guatemala, the details having been
suggested by the Palace of "La Reforma" in the City of Guatemala.
The interior of the building is divided into two sections. The first
lioor is used for receptions and moving pictures. The second floor is
devoted entirely to exhibits.

Honduras. — The Honduras Building is situated near the Southern
boundary of the Foreign section of the grounds, between the Lyon
Street entrance and the Presidio entrance.

Among the exhibits particular attention is given to the mineral and
timber resources of the Republic, and there are also displays of pre
cious stones, fruits, medicinal plants, sugar, alcohol, wines, coffee,
rubber, sarsaparilla and the like.

Italy. — A group of eight buildings represents the Kingdom of Italy.
Three of the group are considered the main buildings, yet all of them
contain exhibits of interest. None of the buildings is modeled from
any particular structure, but the -architect has undertaken to show the
characteristic Italian architecture of the 13th, 15th, and 16th centuries.

The exhibits are mainly artistic, including painting, sculptures,
tapestry and furniture, although the Italian Government is well rep
resented with an industrial and educational exhibit. Other Italian ex
hibits will be found in the several Exhibit Palaces.

Japan. — Japan has built a series of characteristic structures sur
rounded by four acres of gardens, just to the West of the Band Con
course. Here are tea houses and exhibit buildings containing a
reproduction of the Nikko Shrines and a tableau illustrating the seri-
cultural industry of Japan and the Government Pavilion for the use
of His Imperial Japanese Majesty's Commission to the Exposition.

The gardens consist of shrubs and plants brought across the Pacific
especially for the Exposition.

Interesting as the Japanese gardens and pavilions are, they consti
tute the minor portion of the country's participation in the Exposi
tion, very extensive exhibits having been installed in the Exposition
Palaces of Manufactures, Agricultural, Food Products, Mines and
Metallurgy, Liberal Arts, Education and Social Economy, Transpor
tation and Fine Arts. The exhibit in the last mentioned palace in
cludes many objects loaned from the Emperor's private collection.

The Netherlands. — Immediately West of the Palace of Fine Arts
is the Netherlands Pavilion, which is modeled after one of the historic
manor-houses of Holland.

The exhibit section of the building is divided into three parts,
namely: A. — The Netherlands division. B. — The West Indies division,
which is devoted to Curacao and Suriname. C. — The East Indies di
vision, which is devoted to the different possessions of the Nether
lands in the East Indies.

In the rear is located a "Java Tea Room."

In addition the Netherlands have separate exhibits in the Palaces of
Fine Arts, Pure Foods, Varied Industries, Transportation, and Liberal
Arts, besides having a magnificent horticultural display in the "Neth
erlands Gardens," situated at the Baker Street entrance of the Expo
sition grounds, opposite the Inside Inn.

New Zealand. — The New Zealand Pavilion is situated to the South
of the Avenue of Nations.

Within the building a large number of plants indigenous to New
Zealand are displayed.

There are also displayed the woolen shawls or rugs in which New
Zealand is pre-eminent, the wool from which these rugs are manu
factured, prepared food products, resins, woods suitable for furniture
and cabinet work, specimens of the birds, pictures illustrative of
scenery and of developments in argiculture, shooting trophies, and
specimens of the Tuatara Lizards, the living representatives of a rep
tilian family extinct in other countries.

The participation of New Zealand is principally associated with
primary products. For this reason the main display is in the Palace
of Agriculture.

Siamese Building

Reproduction of royal pavilion at Bangkok

Norway. — The Pavilion of Norway is situated near the Presidio
entrance, and is typically Norwegian in design and appointment.

While the building does not reproduce any particular edifice in
Norway, it may be said to represent in its general features a Chiefs
Castle in the middle ages.

The exhibits show Norway's shipping and industrial activities, the
progress of the former being impressively set forth with models of the
different types of vessels, from the Viking period to the present day.

In the assembly room there are shown motion pictures of Nor
wegian industries, scenery and sports.

Panama. — Located to the West of the Inside Inn, in the Southern
portion of the foreign area is the Panama* Building. The structure is
of characteristic Spanish-American architecture and contains a number
of representative exhibits. The building is also used as reception
headquarters.

Portugal. — The Portuguese Pavilion is one of the most distinctive
of the edifices in the State and Foreign Section. The architecture is
of the "Manuelino Style," being characteristic of the golden age of
Portuguese exploration and discovery, during which period many of
the famous Portuguese cathedrals were erected.

Within are to be found many objects of historical interest, while the
main hall is given over to enlarged photographs and views of build
ings and scenes in Portugal. Elaborate displays are made by this
Republic in the Palaces of Fine Arts, Varied Industries and Liberal
Arts.

Siam. — Siam is represented at the Exposition by an exact copy of
the royal pavilion now within the precincts of the Maha Chakkri
Palace at the capital of the kingdom. The structure was erected in
Siam, "knocked down" and brought to the Exposition in boxed sec
tions. Siamese art, with its originality of design and beautiful coloring,
is well displayed by this building. The exhibits within the pavilion com
prise a series illustrating the educational progress of the country,
samples of its staples such as rice, timber, cotton, gums, silk fabrics,
rubber, tobacco, dyes, tannins, spices, fibres, paper plants and speci
mens of mineral ores, as well as examples of craftsmanship in silver
and lacquer.

The transportation system of the country with its 600 miles of rail
road and 400 miles of cart road, as well as picturesque customs in the
life of the country's people, are also shown within the building. In
the preparation of the country's exhibit active interest was manifested
by the sovereign, King Somdetch Phra Paramindra Maha Vajira-
wudh Mongut Klao, son of the famous King Chulalongkorn.

Sweden. — The Swedish Building, located on the South side of the
Avenue of Nations, js of distinctive Swedish architecture of the Fif
teenth Century. The building, which was designed by Ferdinand
Boberg, constitutes one of the most striking and interesting features
of the Exposition. Its principal distinguishing features are the great
square tower, the parti-colored roof and the court yard. The roof
furnishes a pleasing note of variety in the architectural mosaic of the
structures that compose the Foreign Section of the Exposition.

Entering the building one finds a wealth of exhibits representing
every important industry of the nation. To the right of the entrance
to the portico are the ofHces of the Swedish Commissioners and the
general information bureau. On the right side of the main hall a
number of models of the railway systems of Sweden. On the left is
the Navigation exhibit, illustrating the remarkable pilotage and marine
signal system, which makes safe the navigation of Sweden's many
miles of rugged coast.

Extending the entire length of the right side of the building are a
series of rooms containing the following exhibits: varied industries,
steel products, cutlery, agriculture, wood products and statistics. To
the left of the entrance and behind the Navigation exhibit are the
rooms devoted to sports and education. A spacious lecture hall forms
a part of the extreme left side of the building, and in the immediate
front of this portion arc the social rooms and the rooms devoted to
art craft and porcelain.

In the rear of the main hall, which is in the center of the building,
is the exhibit of the Nobel Foundation This consists of a number of
bronze busts of Swedish notables, and some of the winners of the
prizes given by the Foundation. A series of photographs completes
this display.

Five Nobel prizes, each amounting to many thousands of dollars,
are awarded annually to the individuals who have made the most dis
tinguished contributions to physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and
towards the furtherance of peace. This Foundation is one of the
strongest single influences in the world for mankind's progress.

Swedish Building

The Swedish display was assembled by the Royal Swedish Exposi
tion Commission. Its general purpose is to show the economic and
social institutions of the country, the activities of the Royal Govern
ment in such directions as the management of the State railroads and
the administration of water power stations, as well as to exhibit the
commercial activities and resources of Sweden. The principal exhib
its are accompanied by profuse illustrations in the shape of models,
maps, photographs and statistics. One of the most comprehensive
exhibits is devoted to the steel industry of the country, and is accom
panied by a quantity of industrial machinery and various steel pro
ducts.

The Swedish exhibit is a thorough and comprehensive display of the
country's interesting features. Its value as an Exposition spectacle
is further enhanced by the fact that it is all contained beneath the
roof of one spacious building. The one exception to this plan was

made in the case of the Art exhibit, which is to be found in the
foreign section of the Palace of Fine Arts. Here is to be seen a splen
did collection of the works of Swedish artists.

Particular attention is paid by the Swedish commission to the free
distribution of free trade information. A bureau is maintained for the
purpose where any inquiry regarding the commercial relations be
tween Sweden and other countries, with particular reference to the
United States and the Pacific Coast, will find ready answers.

Turkey. — The Ottoman Empire has erected a typical .Turkish Pa
vilion at the Exposition with characteristic dome, minarets and spires.
It stands just to the West of the Palace of Fine Arts.

Adjoining the main building is a reproduction of a mosque, from
which a corridor leads to the "prayer tower."

The display within the building is one of the most costly at the
Exposition, the actual value of the exhibits being more than $1,500,000.
The display consists of rugs, paintings, silks, jewels, carvings, and a
wealth of Oriental objets d'art. Altogether the display is the most
extensive that has ever been made of Oriental fabrics outside of the
Turkish Empire.

Participating Foreign Nations Not Represented by Buildings:

(Austria, Belgium, Germany, Great Britain, India, Luxemberg, Per
sia, Spain, Switzerland, Uruguay.)

Austria. — The war has not deterred Austria from a general repre
sentation of manufactures in the Palace of Varied Industries. Glass
ware, arts and crafts, and the finer manufactured articles will be
found among the Austrian exhibits, as well as a notable collection of
paintings in the Fine Arts Palace.

Balkan States. — Industries, native customs and huts, the famous
Royal China Crystal Set; also a reproduction of the Church of
Bucharest, where the Treaty of Peace, after the Balkan States War,
was signed August, 1913, are on display at this exhibit in the Palace
of Varied Industries.

Belgium. — Displays by Belgium will be found in the reproduction
of the Palace of the Legion of Honor, France having offered to the
war-invested nation the use of space in the French National Pavilion.
Famous canvases from Belgium will be found in the Palace of Fine
Arts.

Germany. — Germany will be found particularly well represented in
the Liberal Arts Palace with the finer products of manufactures and
in chemicals, dye stuffs and photographic improvements. Germany is
also well represented in the Palace of Varied Industries and Food
Products, while German art is splendidly revealed in the work of
forty German artists in the Palace of Fine Arts.

In the Palace of Liberal Arts Germany has an exhibit of mesotho-
rium that is at once the smallest and the most valuable exhibit at the
Exposition. This specimen of the newest derivative of radium is
valued at $300,000.

Germany's participation in the Exposition is unofficial.

Great Britain.— Great Britain is not participating officially in the
Exposition, but through her manufacturers she is represented by large
areas in the various Exhibit Palaces. One of the chief exhibits is to
be found in the Palace of Transportation, where especial attention is
given to her maritime interests. Potteries, Sheffield ware, textiles,
and numerous industrial products are shown in the Palace of Manu
factures; foodstuffs in the Palace of Food Products, and an extensive
showing of fine arts, including forty Whistler paintings, in the Palace
of Fine Arts.

Nearly all of the important British possessions are represented of
ficially, and details of their participation will be found under tht
proper headings in this guide.

India. — India's participation, while not official, is typical of the life
and manners of this great British dependency; antiques, jewels, silks
and tapestries being found on exhibition in the Palace of Varied
Industries.

Luxemberg. — The Duchy of Luxemberg is represented at the Ex
position by a number of exhibits of perfumes, jewelry, chinaware,
laces and embroideries, in the Palace of Varied Industries.

Persia. — Although Persia has no individual building, that country
is officially represented in the elaborate and costly exhibits of the
tapestries, rugs, carpetings, and rare fabricated articles for which
this nation is famous. These exhibits are to be found in the Palace
of Varied Industries.

Spain. — Spain is represented in the Palace of Varied Industries,
Food Products, and the Palace of Manufactures. The exhibits consist
of shoes, clothing, perfumes, and other manufactured goods. Spain
has a number of fine canvases on exhibit in the Palace of Fine Arts.

Switzerland. — The Palace of Varied Industries contains an inter
esting exhibit by Swiss manufacturers of articles for which that nation
is particularly noted, including Swiss watches. The Swiss-American
Auxiliary of San Francisco has been co-operating actively with the
Swiss Government and the result has been a comprehensive selection
of displays and exhibits.

Uruguay. — The Republic of Uruguay has no special building in the
Foreign Section of the Exposition, owing to the postponement of her
decision to participate until a short time before the Exposition
opened. In the several exhibit buildings, however, there has been
presented a comprehensive showing of the riches and development
of that country.

In the Palace of Fine Arts is a collection of the works of Uruguay's
artists. In the Palace of Education is shown the progress in culture
that Uruguay has made in comparison with the other South American
Republics. In the same building also her social economy exhibit re
veals the progressive trend of her legislation. In the Palace of Lib
eral Arts is demonstrated the work of her men of science. Exhibits
are also made in the Palaces of Mines and Metallurgy, or Agriculture
and of Varied Industries, to show the richness of the resources of the
country and the methods of promoting their development.

THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT.

In all, 192,000 square feet of floor space, nearly four and a half
acres, is allotted to the United States Government exhibits in the
various Palaces. All of them have the characteristic Government in
stallation — a heavy gray balustrade surmounted by ornamental posts
which bear gilded eagles and banners of bunting with the National
colors.

Nine of the ten Executive Departments and seven separate Govern
ment organizations are represented in the exhibit. It was intended
to include every activity of the Government which is capable of ob
jective representation.

As far as practicable the actual work of the several organizations is
shown, and the persons in charge of the exhibits are men who are
regularly engaged in that work. Purposes, methods and results are
set forth as fully and as attractively as may be; and every effort is
made to show what the Government is, what it does, and what the re-

lations are between the citizen and the Government which he has a
share in maintaining.
The location of the exhibits is as follows:

U. S. GOVERNMENT EXHIBITS.

In the Palace of Liberal Arts, one-fourth of the space, more than
66,000 square feet, is occupied by Government exhibits, as follows:

Department of State.— Department of the Treasury. — Bureau of
Public Health Service; Supervising Architect's Office; Department of
War. — Medical Corps, U. S. Military Academy (West Point) ; De
partment of the Navy. — Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, U. S. Naval
Academy (Annapolis), and other educational institutions; Department
of the Interior. — Office of Secretary — National Parks, General Land
Office, Office of Indian Affairs, Reclamation Service; Department of
Commerce. — Bureau of the Census, Foreign and Domestic Commerce.
Bureau of Standards, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Bureau of Naviga
tion; Smithsonian Institution. — National Museum; Government
Printing Office, Civil Service Commission, The Panama Canal, The
Commission of Fine Arts, American National Red Cross, Library of
Congress, Motion Picture exhibit.

In the Palace of Education are: Department of the Interior. — Bu
reau of Education; Department of Labor. — Bureau of Immigration,
Bureau of Naturalization, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Children's Bu
reau.

In the Palace of Agriculture are the exhibits of the U. S. Depart
ment of Agriculture, comprising: Biological Survey, Bureau of Soils,
Office of Experiment Stations, Bureau of Animal Industry, Bureau of
Chemistry, Weather Bureau, Bureau of Plant Industry, Forest Service.

In the Palace of Transportation is a model railway post-office, fully
manned with clerks conducting the work ordinarily performed on
moving trains.

In the Palace of Machinery are the following Government exhibits:
Department of the Treasury. — Coast Guard (Revenue Cutter Service);
Department of War; Department of the Navy; Department of Agri
culture. — Office of Public Roads; Department of Commerce. — Bureau
of Lighthouses; Motion Picture exhibit.

In the Palace of Mines are: Department of the Treasury.— The
Mint, Bureau of Engraving and Printing; Post Office Department;
Department of the Interior. — Geological Survey, Bureau of Mines,
Alaska, Motion Picture exhibit.

In the Palace of Food Products is a large and attractive exhibit of
the Bureau of Fisheries of the Department of Commerce.

States and Territories Represented.

The following States and Territories are represented: Arkansas,
California, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana,
Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana,
Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma,
Oregon, Pennsylvania, Philippines, Porto Rico, South Dakota, Texas,
Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Washington.

Minnesota and South Dakota are represented unofficially. New
York City is the only municipality represented by a building.

Arkansas. — On the Avenue of States, immediately to the East of
the Live Stock Section, is the combined Arkansas and Oklahoma
Building.

The building is designed chiefly as a clubhouse and for social pur
poses, the exhibits of the State being distributed among the several
Exhibit Palaces.

California. — For article on the California Building and its counties
see after State Buildings.

Hawaii. — The Hawaiian Building is located at the edge of the Fine
Arts Lagoon, at the North end of Administration Avenue.

Idaho. — On the first floor of the Idaho Building are the reception
room, the offices, and the moving picture hall. On the upper floor
are the rooms for the educational exhibit. Idaho also has a moving
picture show, displaying scenic and industrial features of the State
which will be exhibited from time to time during the Exposition.

Illinois. — The South frieze of the Illinois Building represents the
Spirit of Illinois, with the meeting of the white man and the red
man; that on the North symbolizes the progress Illinois has made in
the arts and sciences.

At the end of the East corridor the Lincoln Memorial Room is
reached. The display of Lincolnalia here is priceless and was pre
pared under the auspices of the Illinois State Historical Society.

On the second floor, at the West end, is a large Recital Hall, in
which is located a pipe-organ especially constructed for the building.

Indiana. — At the gore of the Avenue of Nations and the Avenue of
States is located the Indiana Building, Queen Anne in type, repre
senting a clubhouse of the early English period, with its spacious
porches and old hickory furniture.

All of the construction materials are Hoosier products. Upon the
library shelves -will be found the representative works of Indiana
authors.

Iowa. — The Iowa State Building is designed to present a comfort
able and home-like appearance.

A large, comfortable lounging room occupies the center of the first
floor. To the left of this rest room (as one enters), are the ladies'
rest room and the gentlemen's smoking room. To the right is the
moving picture room, where Iowa's resources and beauty spots are
shown.

There are no exhibits in the building. It is merely a rest place and
meeting place for lowans.

Kansas. — The Kansas State Building is of Colonial style. The
interior decorations are Colonial, and the edifice is used as a club
house and reception headquarters for that State. Writing and rest
rooms are provided for guests and the offices of the Kansas Building
Officials are on the second floor.

Louisiana. — The sugar industry of Louisiana is the principal feature
of the exhibits by this State, all stages in the industry being repre
sented. Particular attention is given also to the work of experimental
stations in the Palace of Agriculture. This State has no building.

Maryland. — The Maryland Building is a reproduction of "Home-
wood," the old estate of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, located in
North Baltimore, and built in the year 1802.

The interior of the building is divided into the Colonial and Revo
lutionary Period rooms, which, with the reception halls, contains the
Historical exhibit. The two rear rooms contain the Geological ex
hibit and the Baltimore City room. The left wing contains the apart-
me^s of the official family, and East wing kitchen, dining room, etc.

Massachusetts. — The Massachusetts Building is a reproduction, on
a two-thirds scale, of the so-called Bullfinch front of the Massachu
setts State House on Beacon Hill, Boston.

The building, located at the intersection of the Avenue of Nations
and the Esplanade, is conspicuously indicated by its lofty golden
dome.

The building has three floors. On the first is the motion picture
theater. On the second floor is a reproduction of the Doric Hall
of the State House in Boston.

On the third floor is a large reception hall, a Colonial tea room, and
antique room; also four Colonial bedrooms, two of which are known
as the Governor's Suite.

The only exhibits in the building are four cases of old manuscript
of historical interest, located in the Doric Hall section.

The Massachusetts exhibits proper are in the Palaces of Education
and Agriculture, and in the Horticultural Gardens, while there are
private exhibits of the resources and industries of the State in the
Palaces of Machinery, Manufactures, Varied Industries, Transporta
tion, Liberal Arts and Food Products. The State is also splendidly
represented in the Palace of Fine Arts.

Minnesota. — Industrial exhibits from Minnesota are placed in the
various exhibit palaces. A particular feature of this State's participa
tion is the agricultural experiment station work in botany, bacteriol
ogy, vegetable pathology, forestry and rural engineering.

Attention also is paid to the resources of Minnesota in the Great
Northern Building, situated to the North of the Palace of Machinery,
as the State has no building of its own.

Mississippi. — The Mississippi Building reflects the best type of
Mississippi residential architecture, but does not copy any particular
structure. It is distinguished by a large semi-circular portico in
front, with twelve Ionic columns, and a pergola at either end of the
building.

On the first floor the rooms, both to the right and left of the
lobby, are utilized for the display of exhibits of the agricultural and
forestry resources of the State particularly. A motion picture room
is also provided, where interesting aspects of the State's activities
will be shown, with an accompaniment of lectures.

The second floor is devoted to the reception and entertainment of
visitors.

Missouri. — The Missouri Building is in the Colonial style, and is
located on the Marina on a terrace overlooking the Bay.

From the South portico three entrances open into the large recep
tion room. At either end of the main reception room are the offices
of the Commission.

In the northeast section of the building is located the library, con
taining 1,500 volumes written by Missouri authors. A cafe is ope
rated in the northwestern section of the building.

In addition to the displays in the Missouri Building, Missouri has
five exhibits, in the following Exposition departments: Agriculture,
Horticulture, Mines and Metallurgy, Education, Livestock.

Montana. — The Montana Building is situated on the Marina, North
of the juncture of the Avenue of Nations and the Esplanade.

In the building will be found spacious rest and lounging rooms.
While the principal exhibits of Montana are to be found in the Hor
ticulture, Agriculture, and Mines Palaces, nevertheless, in the
Montana State Building will be found choice samples of the products
of Montana, together with a large number of paintings and colored
photographs — showing the resources and the industries of the Treas
ure State.

Nevada. — The Nevada Building is located on the Marina.

On the main floor of the building is a large reception room, with
windows facing the Bay and Harbor. On this floor also are the

ladies' rest room, tea room and gentlemen's smoking and lounging
room.

On the second floor is a large lecture and concert room, used also
for a display of fancy work and an exhibit furnished by the public
schools of Nevada.

New Jersey. — The New Jersey Building is of Colonial architecture,
having been adapted from the old Trenton Barracks, where George
Washington had his headquarters during the Revolution. On the
lower floor there are offices, lounging and reception rooms.

New York. — New York State is represented at the Exposition by
one of the largest and most substantial structures in the Avenue of
States, and also by fourteen official exhibits and displays of nearly
four hundred and fifty business and manufacturing concerns in the
various Palaces.

On the first floor of the building is a large assembly hall. Travers
ing the entire length of the building is an arched corridor, fifteen
feet in width. At one end of this corridor is a restaurant.

On the second floor are located a reception room reserved for
Governor Whitman of New York State, a suite for the Governor and
his staff, the council room and living rooms for the Commission.

Official exhibits of various Departments of the New York Stale
Government are shown in the Education, Liberal Arts, Mines, Agri
cultural and Horticultural Palaces.

North Dakota. — The lower floor of the building is divided into two
rooms. The west room is devoted to exhibits of grains and grasses
and products of grain. The east room is devoted to the coal and clay
resources of the State, the clay products being especially attractive.
In the rotunda is located a thirty-foot light-house, built of corn.

Ohio. — The Ohio Building is a copy of the State House at
Columbus.

The largest room on the first floor is used for public meetings,
receptions and other functions. On the upper floor is a suite of rooms
set apart for Governor Frank B. Willis and family.

In the lower rotunda are niches in which are placed busts of the
six presidents who were born in Ohio: — Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Har
rison, McKinley, and Taft.

Oklahoma. — Located at the intersection of the Avenue of States
and Drake Street is the building jointly occupied by the States of
Oklahoma and Arkansas. This State has extensive exhibits in the
various Palaces, particular attention having been given to the agri
cultural display.

Oregon. — The Oregon Building is one of the most picturesque on
the grounds, and is easily distinguished by its colonnade of giant logs.
The structure is in the style of the Parthenon at Athens, with logs
for pillars and bark instead of marble. In the colonnade nearly every
variety of tree that is taken from the forests of Oregon in commer
cial quantities will be found.

The entire building is open to the public, including a huge recep
tion room, a domestic science luncheon room on the top floor, and a
lecture hall where moving pictures tell the story of Oregon's re
sources and attractions. Every section of the State is represented by
special exhibit booths. There are also school exhibits and an art
room.

The building was designed more as an Oregon exhibit than as a
center for entertaining. The Oregon Building boasts the tallest
flagpole in the world — 235 feet.

Pennsylvania. — The Pennsylvania Building is distinguished by the
spacious open loggia which was closely copied from the central por
tion of Independence Hall in Philadelphia. It is surrounded by gar
dens set out with shrubs brought from that State.

In the East wing is an assembly hall, and on the left a reception
room. A number of mural paintings add to the beauty of the struc
ture.

The building also contains a specially constructed steel vault de
signed as a place of safekeeping for the Liberty .Bell.

Philippine Islands. — The Philippine Exposition Board had in mind
two prime objects when it commenced the work of assembling ex
hibits for the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. One of these
was to show the progress, development, and culture of the Filipino
people and the other was to awaken the world, and particularly the
United States, to the all but untouched resources and opportunities
of the Philippines.

The Philippine Building

Both purposes are expressed in a most interesting manner in the
Philippine Building with its contents and by the extensive displays in
the Palace of Agriculture and the Palace of Education and Social
Economy. In the Palace of Fine Arts, there is also a small but
unique showing of the works of Filipino artists.

The Philippine Building itself constitutes a remarkable exhibit of
the use of island material, as well as being one of the most attract
ive structures in the State and Foreign Nations group. The building
forms a quadrangle surrounding an open court, where concerts by the
Constabulary Band will be held daily. It has an entrance of beauti
ful hardwood paneling with a portico of natural unshaped Palma
Brava trunks, while the rotunda, though it adorns a temporary struc
ture, is one of the most elegant hardwood interiors to be found. The
use of the native translucent capis shells, instead of window panes,
and of the split bamboo matting for wall surfaces — both unique feat
ures of the building— are suggestive of future possibilities as building
materials in the warm climate of California and other equable regions.

Structurally and for exhibit purposes the building has two main
divisions. In the left wing, as one enters, are shown the products of
native manufacture with Filipino workmen engaged at their various
handicrafts. Here are to be seen the cunningly wrought brasses with
their embellishment of inlaid silver, the embroideries of the skillful
Filipino women, the hand made mats of various fibers, and the differ
ent varieties of Philippine hats, which excel the well known Panama
hats. The shell fisheries, which supply the material for a large por
tion of the button manufacture of the world are also shown.

The right wing of the building is devoted to the scientific exhibit
with its demonstration of the chemical and mineral resources of the
Islands. There is also an excellent display of printing and binding
of the government printing plant and at the far end of the wing is
the public works display with maps, showing the geographical dis
tribution of the public institutions, schools, railroads, roadways, and
the like. In the orchid conservatory to the rear of the building proper
is one of the most interesting displays of these exotic flowers ever
assembled in the country. All of the varieties, many of which are ex
ceedingly rare and valuable, are to be seen in full bloom.

The most elaborate single Philippine exhibit is that occupying
blocks 19 and 20 in the Palace of Agriculture, where practically all
of the agricultural products of the islands may be seen, studied and
appreciated. The four principal export products — abaca (Manila
hemp), sugar, copra, and tobacco — are extensively featured. Various
other products, such as rice, coffee, cocoa, maguey, kapok (tree cot
ton), pina, cotton and rubber, and many other of the most valuable
resources of the islands are also shown. The production and manu
facture of the various commodities are displayed in detail.

The forestry exhibit in the Agricultural Palace is a magnificent
display of samples of the numerous varieties of hardwoods in which
the island forests abound, as well as a showing of the conservative
methods of logging-off under the supervision of the Government. In
section 21 of this Palace 300 of the more important commercial woods
are shown.

In the Palace of Education and Social Economy the methods of
education and, in the health exhibit division, the great work of edu
cation and sanitation that has been carried on under American ad
ministration throughout the Islands is most interestingly shown.
Here, in the educational exhibit, one may see, almost at a glance, the
system whereby each pupil is given a practical and technical training
designed to fit him with a means of livelihood after only a few years
of schooling. Actual classes of Filipino children have been brought
from the Islands and may be seen at their school work.

The Philippine section in the two Palaces may be easily distin
guished upon entrance by the characteristic facade of palm tree trunks,
with shell frieze and sewale panels, which surround the space.

The Philippine Exposition Board is composed of the following
Commissioners: Dr. Leon Ma Guerrero, President; Mr. W. W. Bar
clay, Director-General, and Dr. Francisco Liongson, Member.

Porto Rico. — The territory of Porto Rico is represented at the Ex
position by a coffee display in the Palace of Agriculture. Various
photographs of the coffee industry are a feature of the exhibit. Porto
Rican girls serve coffee to guests.

The Territory has no building.

South Dakota. — Agriculture, mining, live stock and farming form
chief elements in South Dakota's representation, installed in the
exhibit palaces where they are classified. Moving pictures are used
to portray the attractive features of the State for prospective settlers.

This State has no building.

Texas. — The Texas Building, suggesting the Alamo in its design, is
just to the east of the model camp of the U. S. Marine Corps. The
building is used for both social and exhibit purposes, a display of the
industrial and educational life of the State being presented within.
The exhibits supplement the Texas displays in the various exhibit
palaces.

Utah. — At the left and rear, on entering the building, is a room
occupied by a working model of the famous Utah Copper Mine at
Bingham, Utah, showing the actual processes of removing the ore,
with miniature steam shovels, locomotives and cars in operation.

Offices and reception room occupy the right side of the main floor.
The stairway at the rear of the building leads to a mezzanine floor.

A model of a typical Utah coal mine, showing exterior and in
terior workings and geological formations, occupies the entire second
floor of the south wing. This is also an operative model, illustrating
methods of coal extraction and handling. On the north side of the
second floor is a small room devoted to miscellaneous exhibits.

Paintings and statuary by Utah artists and sculptors are to be seen
in the building. A collection of relics of the prehistoric cliff dwellers
of southern Utah, loaned by the University of Utah Museum, is an
interesting feature.

Virginia. — The State of Virginia has reproduced the home of
George Washington at Mount Vernon for her building at the Expo
sition. The rooms are furnished with colonial furniture, some of the
pieces having belonged to General Washington.

To the right as one enters the building is a large school exhibit,
photographs of odd scenes in Virginia and illuminated transparencies
showing crops and cattle.

West Virginia. — West Virginia's building is patterned after the old
Colonial mansions of the South. On the main floor are the reception
hall, office, rest rooms, etc. The mezzanine floors are used for
writing rooms. To the right of the main entrance is a motion pic
ture room.

Wisconsin.— The Wisconsin State Building is located on the Avenue
of the States adjoining that of New Jersey. Directly in front
of the entrance is the reception room and to the right a smok
ing room. To the left of the entrance is the ladies' parlor and the
office of the resident commissioner and official hostess. Motion pic
tures showing the resources of the State are exhibited. The building
also contains a large living hall, which is open to the public.

The City of New York Building is the second building west of the
New York State Building. The structure resembles a huge cube sur
rounded by a broad grass-grown terrace with plants, trees and shrubs.

The walls of the interior are covered with feature pictures and
descriptive matter of the city of New York. Directly within the
entrance is a large model of the city. In general the exhibit con
sists of models, paintings, photographs, drawings and descriptive mat
ter pertinent to the administration of the metropolis.

The Washington State Building is located at the intersection of
the Esplanade, the Avenue of States, and tlie Avenue of Nations. In
the building is a motion-picture theatre showing views of the State's
scenery, cities, educational institutions, resources and industries. The
building also contains a social hall, tea-rooms, writing and rest rooms.
Washington has extensive exhibits in the various palaces.

Nature designed the State of Washington as a place for the homes
of men, and, true to its destiny, it grew faster in the decade ending in
1910 than any other State in the Union. It is still growing rapidly, and
promises to do so for many years to come, for its rich acres cover an
area half as large as Prussia, with a population of more than forty mil
lions, and larger than the combined area of Massachusetts, New York
and Maryland, with a total population of fourteen millions.

The Cascade Mountain Range, one of the most beautiful in America,
divides the State into two distinct parts, known as Eastern and West
ern Washington, and differing sharply in climate, soil and topography.
The northern part of Eastern Washington is made up of wooded high
lands, intersected by a number of rich river valleys, into which rail
roads have been recently built or are now building, thus offering new

Washington State Building

and hopeful fields to the homeseeker. Except for the Blue Mountains
in the extreme southeast, the plain of the Columbia River, ranging
in altitude from 500 to 2,000 feet, covers the remainder of Eastern
Washington — a level or undulating country, with a soil of volcanic
ash varying in depth from one to 100 feet, and of such exceeding
richness that it yearly produces without irrigation more than 71,000,000
bushels of wheat, oats and barley. Indeed, Washington contains land
that has broken the world's record in the production of wheat per
acre, while it produces more oats per acre than any other State, and
is excelled by only one State in its per acre production of barley —
forty and one-half bushels.

In the river valleys, which intersect the Columbia plain, mainly under
irrigation, but with excellent results in some sections under dry farm
ing conditions, are produced bumper crops of apples, peaches, pears,
alfalfa and hops, of which last-named crop Washington produces more
per acre than any other State. The apple crop of Washington has an
annual value of $10,000,000, commanding the highest prices in foreign
markets, and it stands third in the Union in total yearly production
of plums and prunes.

^ outstanding features of Western Washington are the lower

Columbia region in the southwest; in the northwest the Olympic
Mountains, enfolding the peninsula of that name, and between the
Olympic and the Cascades the great basin which has Puget Sound for
its heart. Dense timber once covered all of this region, and there are
still to be found some of the thickest bodies of timber in the world —
in all about 400,000,000,000 feet of fir, cedar, hemlock, spruce and
yellow pine, more than is contained in any other State except Oregon.
Washington for a decade has led all the States in its yearly output of
lumber, producing in mills which give employment to 50,000 men two-
thirds of the shingles manufactured in the United States.

The mountains excepted, nearly all of the lands in Western Wash
ington are splendidly adapted to agriculture in one form or another,
the chief products being grasses, oats, root crops, fruits and berries.
The berries and soft fruits of this section are not excelled by those
raised in any other State or country. The dairy industry is still in its
infancy, but is growing rapidly. It has already produced a number of
world-record dairy cows, and, as Washington still imports a goodly
part of its dairy products, has before it a wonderful future.

The climate of Washington in its habitable portions is mild and
equable, and so healthful that it has the lowest death rate of all regis
tration States. Sunstroke is unknown, and in all parts of the State the
summer nights are always cool.

Mining and fishing are Washington industries of steadily growing
importance, the value of the fish product exceeding $20,000,000 a year.
The yearly value of Washington manufactures exceeds $300,000,000, and
as it stands third among the States of the Union in developed water-
power and first in quantity still undeveloped, nothing is more certain
than that it is destined to become the greatest manufacturing center on
the Pacific Coast. Supplementing its 3,500 miles of salt water frontage
and navigable rivers, it has 7,529 miles of steam and electric railways,
and one of the best built and maintained highway systems in the
Union, affording to the tourist easy access to some of the most beau
tiful scenery in the world. The State also has reason to be proud of
its district and high-school system, culminating in three normal schools,
a university, and an agricultural college. The Russell Sage Founda
tion places Washington first in educational efficiency.

The present hour is still the hour of opportunity in Washington,
particularly for the land-seeker and home-seeker. There is much good
land available for homesteading, especially in the northern counties of
Eastern Washington, while both in Eastern and Western Washington
several million acres of excellent land which has passed into private
ownership can be purchased at low prices and on reasonable terms.
Emphasis is to be placed on the opportunities offered settlers by the
stump or logged-off lands of Western Washington. These are owned
in chief part by logging companies who, having removed the timber,
are willing to sell the lands at from $10 to $40 an acre to those who
will clear and improve them. The soil of these lands in most cases is
a rich sandy loam, while, thanks to an abundant rainfall, there is no
need for irrigation. In Eastern Washington the early completion of
a number of important irrigation projects now under way will open
new and large areas to purchase on long-time and easy terms. With
less than one-fifth of the State improved, Washington will long spell
wealth and opportunity for the industrious newcomer.

For fuller particulars, call on or address Charles G. Heifner, Execu
tive Commissioner for the State of Washington, Washington State
Building, P. P. I. E., San Francisco, Cal.

California Building

THE CALIFORNIA BUILDING

The California Building, representing with its displays an expendi
ture of $2,000,000, is situated on the Marina near the northwest cor
ner of the main group of exhibit palaces.

The building is the largest ever erected by a state or nation par
ticipating in an Exposition.

In designing the structure the architect, Thomas H. F. Burditt, took
for his motifs the old Spanish Missions of California, and many
of the features of these historic structures will be found here faith
fully reproduced or adapted to modern requirements.

The structure contains the administrative headquarters of the Ex
position, the social and host headquarters as represented by the
Woman's Board, and in its eastern portion, the five acres of floor
space devoted to the displays of the fifty-eight California counties.

The divisions of the buildings embrace a large patio wherein has
been reconstructed the Forbidden Garden of the Santa Barbara
Mission.

A statue of Padre Junipero Serra, the "Father of the Missions,"
stands in a niche on the south front of the main tower of the building,
overlooking the Forbidden Garden.

Seven motion picture rooms and lecture halls with a seating ca
pacity of 2,000 are located in the building and are used by the
counties of the state for displaying their industries and the points of
interest to visitors. More than 70,000 feet of motion picture film
have been prepared for this purpose.

The general plan of the California display is collective. Instead of
each county making its own display most of them have been grouped
by sections.

100

The displays are not exhibits: that is they are not shown in competi
tion for award but are designed to show the visitor what each county
or district holds forth in the way of advantages fot vjie. 'settler and
homeseeker. County exhibits are to Ve found1 in the appropriate ex
hibit palaces. ".•*

THE" ZONE '

The Zone, as the Exposition street of amusement is called,
stretches for seven city blocks through the eastern portion of the
Exposition grounds where it occupies seventy acres. The street
is completely filled on both sides with amusement enterprises that
were selected from the best that the world offered.

The Zone represents an expenditure of approximately $10,000,000.

Altogether more than two hundred and fifty concessions were
let' but a number of these are selling concessions located in the
various exhibit palaces and elsewhere about the grounds.

Special Events.

The Calendar of Special Events has been so arranged as to present
a series of entertainments, contests, celebrations, festivals, races, and
the like, throughout the Exposition period.

A list of events, with exact dates, will be found two weeks in ad
vance in the Official Daily Program, as well as the detailed program
of every important occurrence on the Exposition Grounds.

In addition to the Special Events, the list of Musical Events and a
summary of the Conventions — more than eight hundred of which are
to be held during the Exposition Year — will be found printed below.

MUSIC.

The principal musical events of the Exposition will occur in Fes
tival Hall at the eastern extremity of the South Gardens. The main
auditorium of the building has a seating capacity of 4,500 people.
The acoustics are pronounced perfect, this feature having been given
particular attention.

Famous artists from all over the world will be heard here in re
cital, both vocal and instrumental.

The pipe organ is one of the largest in the world and the second
largest in America. There are in the organ about 7,000 pipes and
113 speaking stops. It contains four manuels, the swell, solo, choir
and great organs. The instrument is a working exhibit of the Depart
ment of Liberal Arts.

At the marine camp a band of sixty pieces has been detailed for
duty throughout the Exposition period and daily concerts are given.

Following is the schedule of principal musical events for the re
mainder of the Exposition, subject, however, to additions from time to
time:

101

The Exposition Orchestra — Eighty performers, entire season of Ex
position. Concerts daily at Old. Faithful Inn, in the Zone.

Edwin H. Lemare, the greatest living organist, will give one hundred
recitals in Festival Hall, starting- August 25th.

One hundred <&nd; eighty-seven other organ recitals by various or
ganists wjlhbc gwett on days when .Lemare does not appear, so there
will be an organ concert each day of the Exposition period. The list
includes Wallace A. Sabin, official organist; Dr. H. J. Stewart, Louis
Eaton, Chas. Heinrich, Frank W. Chace, Richard K. Briggs, John J.
Bishop, Harry L. Vibbard, Will C. Macfarlane, J. Warren Andrews,
Clarence Eddy, Warren D. Allen, Albert D. Jordan, Fred Goodrich,
Ernest Kroeger, James D. D. Comey, T. Tertius Noble, Daniel Philippi,
Charles Galloway, Uda Waldrop, John Doane, George H. Fairclough,
Frederick Chubb, H. B. Jepson, Samuel Baldwin, Clarence Dickinson,
William C. Hammond, William J. Gomph, Benjamin Moore, Bruce
Gordon Kingsley, J. Percival Davis, John J. McClellan, Sidney Durst,
James T. Quarles, Arthur Hyde, Frank Adams, Hamlin H. Hunt, Geo.
W. Andrews, and other distinguished organists.

Thaviu's Band — Fifty performers (with six grand opera singers),
A. F. Thaviu, Conductor. Eight weeks, beginning October 9th, and
ending December 4th.

The Official Band — Forty performers, Charles H. Cassasa, Con
ductor. Special daily events and concert in the evening.

The Philippine Constabulary Band — Ninety performers, Captain W.
H. Loving, Conductor. Philippine Building.

Boston Band — Sixty-five performers, Emil Mollenhauer, Conductor.
Nine weeks, beginning July 17th, and ending September 17th.

Innes Band — Fred'k. Neil Innes, Conductor; fifty performers.

The Bandstands are located in the Court of the Universe; in the
Band Concourse, West of Administration Avenue; on the Avenue of
Palms, near the intersection of the Avenue of Progress and Fillmore
Street entrance.

In addition to having these stated positions, the visiting musical
organizations give concerts in other parts of the grounds, frequently
in the other Courts, and at such points as special events require.

Programs in detail, for all musical events will be found in the Daily
Official Program, for sale at the entrances to the grounds, and else
where.

CONVENTIONS AND CONGRESSES.

Eight hundred and twenty-two conventions and congresses, whose
subjects cover the activities of the world along industrial, commercial,
professional and scientific lines, will meet in San Francisco and the
bay cities in connection with the Exposition.

This is more than double the number held at any previous exposi
tion, and to secure them practically every organization of any size or
importance in the civilized nations of the world was canvassed.

The attendance at each of the conventions and congresses will range
from seventy-five to possibly 30,000 delegates and visitors. There
will be an average of nine Exposition conventions per day throughout
the entire period. But few days are blank, and on certain days during
the summer months as many as thirty or forty meetings of various
kinds will be held.

The schedule of conventions and congresses will be found two
weeks in advance in the Daily Official Program, for sale on the
grounds. Further details may be obtained from the office of the
director of conventions and congresses in Festival Hall.

102

Special Structures.

THE EXPOSITION AUDITORIUM.

The Exposition Auditorium in San Francisco's Civic Center, al
though not included in the list of Exposition palaces, because it is
not on the grounds of the Exposition, is nevertheless one of the most
important of the buildings, for it has been built, at a cost of $1,200,000,
on a site provided by the municipality, to house the many congresses
and conventions scheduled to hold their 1915 meetings in the Exposi
tion City, there being more than eight hundred of these conventions.
The building is of steel and concrete. The great audience hall be
neath the octagonal dome has seating capacity for 11,000 people on
the floor and surrounding galleries. In addition to this there are
many smaller audience halls provided with sliding partitions so that
at need they may be converted into twenty-six halls and committee
rooms. The site which the building occupies is bounded by Hayes
Street, Grove Street, and Larkin Street, at the Market Street gore.

At the conclusion of the Exposition the Auditorium reverts to the
city, to remain as a permanent memorial of the Panama-Pacific In
ternational Exposition.

Carnation Milk Condensery. — The Pacific Coast Condensed Milk
Company has constructed a special building, in keeping with the
architecture of the Exposition, just to the south of the Palace of Fine
Arts, for the purpose of demonstrating the actual methods of handling
and distributing fresh milk in the most modern and sanitary way — in
hermetically sealed cans.

This is the first evaporated-milk condensery to be opened to the
public in the United States and is perhaps the most instructive and
educational of the food products exhibited in a special structure. In
addition to the operation of the condensing plant, the use of evaporated
milk as a substitute for ordinary milk or cream in every way is demon
strated by cooking experts.

The "contented cows" in the dairy stables of the Live Stock Section
are a part of this -exhibit, supplying the fresh milk for the average
quantity of 6.000 small cans put up daily at the condensery.

Dogs of All Nations. — Adjoining the Livestock Section on the east
is the building devoted to the "Dogs of All Nations." The animals
exhibited include bench show dogs and utility dogs. Here may be
found Rear Admiral Peary's Eskimo dogs that made the dash to the
North Pole. Many interesting events are scheduled, including show
ings of champion bench dogs, man-hunting dogs, war dogs, police
dogs, sheep dogs and canines of rare breeds.

Gas Kitchen.— The Utility Gas Kitchen, situated immediately out
side the main east entrance of the Machinery Palace, affords visitors
to the Exposition the opportunity of obtaining dainty meals and re
freshments at moderate prices, and at the same time illustrates the
practical use of gasoline gas for cooking, lighting and heating, as
manufactured by the Utility generator.

This restaurant is part of the Utility Gas Appliance and Sales Com
pany's exhibit of their various types of gas generators shown in their
booth in the center of the Machinery Palace.

The House of Hoo-Hoo. — The "House of Hoo-Hoo" or Lumber
man's Building, is situated in Forestry Court, in the Horticultural
Gardens, and was erected by the Concatenated Order of Hpo-Hoos,
a fraternal organization of men identified with the lumber interests.

103

The building is an exhibit of forestry products; the walls are paneled
with specially selected panels of the different beautiful woods of the
Pacific Coast States. The exterior is of logs and bark.

The Inside Inn. — A thoroughly modern hotel has been erected on
the grounds for the accommodation of Exposition visitors. The In
side Inn, as it is called, is situated just within the Baker Street en
trance, overlooking the Band Concourse and the Fine Arts Lagoon.
Rates are from $2.00 a day up. Provision is made for admission of
guests to the grounds as many times a day as desired.

Press Building. — Just within and to the east of the main entrance
at Scott Street is the Press Building, erected to provide quarters for
the Exposition Division of Exploitation, for the Exposition bureaus
of the San Francisco newspapers and for the reception of visiting
newspapermen.

A general information bureau for the accommodation of all Expo
sition visitors is located in the building. In connection with the in
formation bureau the United Press operates a bulletin service of the
world's news.

Exposition offices of The Wahlgreen Company, publishers of the
Official Guide, The Official Program, and the Official Catalogues of
Exhibits, are also in the Press Building.

The Redwood Bungalow is situated in Forestry Court, Horticultural
Gardens, just west of the House of Hoo-Hoo. It was erected by the
Counties of Humboldt, Sonoma and Mendocino. The serviceability
and the beauties of redwood for the construction of homes are here
shown to the best possible advantage.

Southern Pacific Building is located at the end of the Avenue of
Palms and directly south of the Palace of Machinery. This hand
some structure contains truthful reproductions of scenes along the
various lines of the railroad. Especially selected motion pictures are
shown and competent lecturers explain the pictures.

The White and Sugar Pine Bungalow. — In the Forestry Court is
another modern bungalow, constructed entirely of California white
pine and sugar pine.

Y. M. C. A. — The Young Men's Christian Association Building or
Enlisted Men's Club House is on the Avenue of Nations. The struc
ture is designed primarily for the use of the men of the United States
Army and Navy, who visit the Exposition Grounds.

Y. W. C. A. — The National Young Women's Christian Association
has a building in the South Gardens, just west of the Scott Street
entrance. An information desk in the main lobby furnishes a reliable
list of board and room accommodations, schedules of trains, and facts
about the Exposition and the city. A large lunch room is open to the
public from 11:00 a. m. to 8:00 p. m. Films, taken by Pathe,
showing the work of the Young Women's Christian Association in
college, city and country, are to be seen daily. A national exhibit
of work done in the household arts department of the Y. W. C. A. is
on display. On the upper floor is a quiet restroom for women. A
trained nurse is in attendance.

104

Portico of the Y. W. C. A. Building

General Information.

Admission to the grounds is Fifty Cents for adults and Twenty-five
Cents for children between the ages of 5 and 12. School children are
admitted in squads of twenty at Five Cents each, during school hours
and when accompanied by teachers. The grounds are open from 8
o'clock in the morning till 11:30 at night.

The Exhibit Palaces are open from 9 a. m. to 7 p. m.

The State and Foreign Buildings are open from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m.

The Zone attractions are open all day and until 12 p. m.

Automobiles. — Automobiles are admitted to the grounds through
the Lyon Street entrance on payment of $1.00, and may have access
to the portion of the grounds west of Administration Avenue. All
automobiles excepting official cars are excluded from the remainder
of the grounds for the protection of visitors.

Parking spaces will be found at convenient intervals outside the
grounds arid adjacent to the entrances.

Avenues and Streets.— See Map.

Bandstands. — Bandstands where concerts are given daily are located
as follows: Band Concourse, southwest corner of Avenue of Palms
and Administration Avenue; Court of the Universe, north of the
Service Building; and the Fillmore Street entrance.

Barber Shops. — There are two barber shops on the Zone.

Cameras. — A license is issued inside all gates at 25 cents per day
permitting cameras on the grounds without tripods not over 4x5 in
size, provided negatives are not used commercially. Special arrange
ments may be made for autochrome privilege upon application to
Cardinell-Vincent Co., official photographers, studio at junction of
Zone and Avenue of Progress inside Fillmore entrance. Here will be
found a complete line of Exposition photographs in all sizes and styles,
also cameras and supplies, film developing and printing, lantern slides
and transparencies. Pictures of conventions, banquets and special
events made and placed on sale within an hour.

Catalogues. — The official catalogues of each of the exhibit depart
ments and the combined catalogue of all departments are published
by the Wahlgreen Company and are for sale in the various buildings.

The Official Guide, the Official Daily Program and the Official
Maps are also published by this company, and are for sale at the
various entrances and elsewhere about the grounds.

105

D. A. R. headquarters are located in the Grand Canyon on the
Zone.

Electric Chairs. — See Transportation.

Emergency Hospital. — An emergency hospital is maintained in the
Service Building under the jurisdiction of the United States Health
Service. It is equipped in a thoroughly up-to-date manner, the fit
tings representing the last word in hospital service. All details of the
equipment are classed as working exhibits and are subject to award.
There are two motor-ambulances of most approved type, a corps of
doctors and nurses constantly in attendance and facilities for handling
emergency cases of whatever character. Visiting doctors will find the
medical library installed at the hospital one of the most up-to-date in
the world today.

Fire Department. — A complete system of fire protection was in
stalled with the construction of the Exposition at a cost of more than
$500,000.

There are three fire houses: One on the Zone Plaza, one west of
the junction of the Avenue of Progress and the Avenue of Palms, and
the third opposite the New York State Building, near the junction of
the Esplanade and Administration Avenue.

The equipment affords an excellent display of modern motor-driven
fire apparatus. The three fire stations are open to the inspection of
the public. Company drills, with ladder-climbing, life-net jumping,
etc., are given every morning except Sunday at the Zone station.

Free Attractions. — All of the Exposition events excepting a few
special events held within the race track enclosure are free.

Numerous aviation performances, carnivals and celebrations are on
the Exposition calendar of free special events. (See Daily Official
Program.)

Guard Department. — The guard department exercises all of the func
tions of a police force for the Exposition. The headquarters of the
department will be found in the Service Building to the left of the
Fillmore Street entrance as one enters.

The matron's office, for the care of lost children, is also in the
Service Building.

In the annex, to the rear (west) of the Service Building, is the desk
sergeant's office, where a Lost and Found Bureau is maintained.

A private detective service is maintained by the Exposition in con
nection with the guard department.

Hospital. — The United States Public Health Service maintains an
emergency hospital in the Service Building. See "Emergency Hos
pital."

Hotels. — An official Exposition Hotel Bureau has been organized
for the protection of Exposition visitors. Visitors are directed only
to hotels that have agreed not to raise their rates during the Exposi
tion year. Any hotel violating this agreement is cut from the list of
hotels recommended.

The Hotel Bureau maintains offices as follows: Flannery Building,
Market and Kearny Streets; Press Building, Exposition grounds; 250
Powell Street, and at all railroad and ferry terminal stations,

No charge is made for the services of the Hotel Bureau.

106

Hours of opening of buildings, etc., see "Admission."

Information. — A thoroughly equipped Bureau of Information is
maintained in the Press Building, which is located just to the right of
the main or Scott Street entrance gates. This service is free.

Kiosks. — Seventy-five kiosks for the sale of confections and sou
venirs, etc., are located at various points along the main avenues of
the Exposition.

Launches. — Regular excursions about the bay and to the U. S.
warships, anchored in the bay, are made by launches from the Yacht
Harbor, weather conditions permitting.

Life-Saving Service. — The United States Life-Saving Service holds
regular drills from the permanent station at the extreme western end
of the grounds.

Locations. — For location of buildings, see indexed map under front
cover of this Guide.

For location of offices, see "Organization of the Exposition."

For location of exhibits, see Official Catalogue of Exhibits.

Lost and Found. — A lost and found bureau is maintained in the
Office of the Guards, in the small building west of the Service Build
ing. All articles found on the grounds are turned in to this omce.

Lost Children will be taken to the matron's omce, No. 102 Service
Building, and cared for until claimed by parents.

Marine Camp. — The First Battalion, 4th Regiment of U. S. Marines,
is quartered on the grounds west of the State and Foreign Buildings,
in a model encampment.

The camp is open for the inspection of visitors.

Military. — The famous forts which guard the Bay ot San Francisco
are thrown open to the public during the period of the Exposition,
and target practice is held with the big coast defense guns several
times a week. (See Daily Official Program.) Three regiments of
United States troops are stationed at the Presidio, which adjoins the
Exposition. Military tournaments will be held on the grounds in
which troops of the National Guard of the various States, military
organizations and cadets will participate.

Motion Picture theatres are maintained in connection with numerous
exhibits in the several palaces, in the Livestock Section, in the rail
road buildings north and south of the Palace of Machinery and in the
following State and Foreign buildings:

Oregon, Idaho, Illinois, West Virginia, Washington, Massachusetts,
New York, Japan, New Zealand, Norway. Other State and Foreign
buildings will include motion pictures in their exhibits from time to
time. There are several motion picture theatres in the California
Building.

The U. S. Government has motion picture lecture rooms in the
Palace of Mines, the Palace of Machinery and the Palace of Liberal
Arts. Other pictures may be seen in the Palaces of Liberal Arts,
Agriculture, Food Products and Education.

All motion picture performances are free. In general the theatres
commence operation at 10:00 a. m. and continue at intervals through
out the day.

Officials. — For names of officials and locations of offices, see "Or
ganization of the Exposition."

Over Fair Railroad.— See transportation.

107

Parcels and Packages may be checked at any of the stations located
at the entrances to the grounds. A charge of ten cents is made lor
this service.

Photographic Studio "Official" inside Fillmore Gate at junction of
Zone and Avenue of Progress. Complete and beautiful Exposition
photographs in all sizes and styles on sale. Cameras sold and rented;
iilms, developing and printing.

Postomce. — A model postoffice is operated in the Palace of Mines
by the United States Government, where all Exposition mail is handled
in view of the public.

Programs. — Detailed programs of all musical, athletic and other
important events of the Exposition will be found in the Official Daily
Program, published by the Wahlgreen Company and for sale at the
various entrances and elsewhere about the grounds.

Race Track, Polo Field and Athletic Field are located at the western
end of the grounds. Automobile Race Course. — The mile race track
and avenues of the Exposition afford one of the finest possible courses
for automobile races. It was on this course that the Vanderbilt Cup
and Grand Prix Races for 1915 were run, and on which the driver, Resta,
accomplished the unprecedented feat of winning both races with the
same car (Peugeot) and, more remarkable still, of winning both races
on the same set of Nassau tires.

Registered Message Service. — By means of this service, operated
in connection with the Exposition telephone system, visitors may
make appointments, designate rendezvous, locate missing friends, etc.

In order to file a message within the grounds go to the nearest
telephone pay station, call Fillmore 7000 and, when the operator an
swers ask for "Registered Message Bureau."

The operator will record your message and place same on file to
await inquiry from the addressee.

Messages so filed will be delivered upon inquiry by telephone, pro
vided the charges have been prepaid.

Messages will be held for twenty-four hours.

Charges: Fifteen cents for ten-word messages and one cent for
each additional word.

Restaurants. — Restaurants of every variety and price are scattered
about the grounds, a dozen or more being at various points along the
Zone.

Smoking. — Smoking is permitted everywhere on the grounds except
within the exhibit palaces. In many of the State and Foreign build
ings smoking-rooms are provided for the convenience of visitors.

Special Exhibit. — United States Steel Corporation and its subsidiary
companies located in the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy, — the Expo
sition's most complete exhibit.

The Stadium is located at the western end of the grounds.

The Stock Forum is located between the stock barns of the Live
stock Section, west of the State and Foreign Buildings.
Telephones.— (See also Registered Message Service.)
Guards will direct visitors to nearest telegraph or telephone sta
tions.

108

One of the Fadgl Auto Trains
A transportation innovation of the Exposition

Ticket Offices. — Railroad ticket offices are maintained in the South
ern Pacific Building at the eastern end of the Avenue of Palms by the
following railroads: Southern Pacific; Union Pacific; Chicago North
western; Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul; Rock Island; El Paso and
Southwestern; Lake Tahoe Ry., and Yosemite Ry.

Railroad information bureaus will be found in the various railroad
exhibits in the Palace of Transportation and in the buildings of the
Grand Trunk, the Great Northern and the Canadian Pacific railroads,
north of the Palace of Machinery.

Transportation. — There are four methods of transportation about
the grounds: The Overfair Railroad, the Fadgl Auto Trains, the
wheel and bicycle chairs, and the Miniature Electric Vehicles.

The overfair Railroad has terminals at the southeast corner of the
Palace of Machinery and at the entrance to the race track at the west
ern end of the grounds. The railroad runs along the Esplanade and
the Marina, with stations at convenient points. The fare is ten cents.

The Fadgl Auto Train Service. — Local trains are operated on the
Zone from the Van Ness Avenue entrance to the Service Building
and from the Baker Street entrance to the California Building.
Through trains are operated from the Fillmore Street entrance to
the Massachusetts Building, the Stadium and the Live Stock Depart
ment. These trains are operated by the Fadgl Auto Train, Inc.

The miniature Electric Vehicles, generally known as Electriquettes,
are comfortable chairs carrying from two to three passengers. Sta
tions are maintained at the Fillmore, Scott and Baker Street entrances.
The rates for these chairs are $1.00 per hour and special rates of
$5.00 for the day.

The wheel chairs may be hired for fifty cents an hour at the variou?
entrances.

Organization of the Exposition.

The organization of the Exposition was made up in the following
manner:

At a mass meeting of the citizens of San Francisco a committee
of five was chosen, which committee in turn selected from the citizens
at large a committee of two hundred, called a Ways and Means Com
mittee. This committee was carefully chosen to represent all interests,
creeds and classes.

109

The Ways and Means Committee appointed a committee of three,
which chose, from the committee of two hundred, thirty directors.
THe present Board of Directors is as follows:

John Barneson, M. J. Brandenstein, John A. Britton, Frank L.
Brown, George T. Cameron, P. T. Clay, William H. Crocker, R. A.
Crothers, M. H. de Young, A. I. Esberg, Charles S. Fee, Henry F.
Fortmann, A. W. Foster, R. B. Hale, I. W. Hellman, Jr., Homer S.
King, Curtis H. Lindley, James McNab, P. H. McCarthy, Chas. C.
Moore, Thornwell Mullaly, Dent H. Robert, James Rolph, Jr., A. W.
Scott, Jr., Henry T. Scott, Leon Sloss, C. S. Stanton, Rudolph J.
Taussig, and Jos. S. Tobin.

The Board of Directors completed the work of organization by
choosing a President, Vice-Presidents, Treasurer and Secretary.

The President, Vice-Presidents, Treasurer and Secretary and the
Board of Directors serve without compensation.

OFFICIALS.

President Charles C. Moore, Administration Bldg.

Vice-Presidents

William H. Crocker, M. H. De Young, R. B. Hale, I. W.

Hellman, Jr., James Rolph, Jr., Leon Sloss, Administration Bldg.

Director-in-Chief Dr. F. J. V. Skiff, Administration Bldg.

Secretary Rudolph J. Taussig, Administration Bldg.

Treasurer A. W. Foster, Administration Bldg.

Solicitor General Curtis H. Lindley, Hobart Bldg.

General Attorney Frank S. Brittain, Hobart Bldg.

Comptroller Rodney S. Durkee, Service Bldg.

Executive Secretary Joseph M. Gumming, Administration Bldg.

EXECUTIVE STAFF.

The President, the Director-in-Chief, the four Division Directors,
and the Comptroller constitute the Executive Staff.

DIVISION DIRECTORS.

Director, Division of Concessions and Admissions

Frank Burt, Service Bldg.

Director, Division of Exhibits

Capt. Asher Carter Baker, Service Bldg.

Director, Division of Exploitation. .. .Geo. Hough Perry, Press Bldg.
Director, Division of Works Harris D. H. Connick, Service Bldg.

Each division director subdivides the work of his division among
various departments and these in turn are subdivided into bureaus and
sections.

DIVISION OF CONCESSIONS AND ADMISSIONS.

Director, Frank Burt, Service Bldg.

Assistant Director, Concessions and Admissions Jay J. Bryan

Chief, Department of Admissions Edmund C. Conroy

Chief, Department of Concessions Jas. D. O'Neil

DIVISION OF EXHIBITS.

Director, Capt. Asher Carter Baker, Service Bldg.

Chief of Fine Arts J. E. D. Trask, Palace of Fine Arts

Chief of Education and Social Economy

Alvin E. Pope, Palace of Education

110

Officers and Executive Officials

of the
PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION

111

Chief of Liberal Arts Theodore Hardee, Palace of Liberal Arts

Chief of Manufactures and Varied Industries

Chas. H. Green, Palace of Manufactures

Chief of Machinery Lieut. G. W. Danforth, Palace of Machinery

Chief of Transportation

Blythe H. Henderson, Palace of Transportation

Chief of Agriculture T. G. Stallsmith, Palace of Agriculture

Chief of Livestock D. O. Lively, Livestock Section

Chief of Horticulture G. A. Dennison, Palace of Horticulture

Chief of Mines and Metallurgy

Chas. E. van Barneveld, Palace of Mines and Metallurgy

DIVISION OF EXPLOITATION.

Director, George Hough Perry, Press Bldg.

Editor Hamilton M. Wright

Superintendent of Writers' Section Arthur H. Dutton

Manager Bureau of Tours Clyde L. Peck

Manager Bureau of Information F. G. B. Mills

DIVISION OF WORKS.

Director, Harris D. H. Connick, Service Bldg.

A. H. Markwart Assistant Director of Works, Service Bldg.

Guy L. Bayley

Chief, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering

E. E. Carpenter Chief, Department of Civil Engineering

A. Stirling Calder Acting Chief, Department of Sculpture

Jules Guerin Chief, Department of Color and Decoration

John McLaren Chief, Department of Landscape Gardening

George W. Kelham Chief of Architecture

H. D. Dewell Chief Structural Engineer

William Waters Superintendent of Building Construction

Wm. M. Johnson Engineer of Water Supply and Fire Protection

Donald McLaren

Assistant Chief of Department of Landscape Gardening

W. D'A. Ryan Chief Illuminating Engineer

Paul E. Denneville, Supervisor of Architectural Modeling and Texture

Dr. C. C. Pierce Chief of Hygiene and Sanitation

Dr. R. M. Woodward Chief of Medical Bureau

L. F. Leurey Assistant Chief Mechanical and Electrical Engineer

Captain Edwin Carpenter Commandant Exposition Guards

OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER.

Comptroller, Rodney S. Durkee, Service Bldg.

W. J. Pearce Acting Comptroller

E. H. Hooper Assistant Comptroller

W. A. Grimmell Auditor

E. J. Wagner Cashier

Rodman Robeson Paymaster

C. O. Gowing Purchasing Agent

F. A. Butler Supt. Stores and Supplies

CONGRESSES AND CONVENTIONS.

Director, James A. Barr, Festival Hall.

W. L. Hathaway Commissioner World's Insurance Congress

Insurance Ex. Bldg., California and Leidesdorff Sts.

112

'35 c.

SPECIAL EVENTS.
Hollis E. Cooley, Chief Service Bldg.

RECEPTION COMMITTEE.
California Bldg.

Wm. T. Sesnon Chairman Reception Committee

OTHER OFFICIALS.

G. W. Stewart Musical Director, Festival Hall

A. M. Mortensen Traffic Manager, Festival Hall

O. H. Fernbach

.Secretary of International Award System, California Bldg.

W. D. Egilbert Commissioner California Bldg., California Bldg.

Frank Morton Todd Official Historian

CALIFORNIA STATE COMMISSION.

Headquarters California Building.

^ The Panama-Pacific International Exposition Commission of the
State of California was appointed on February 19, 1911. to have charge
and control of the five-million-dollar fund raised in accordance with
a constitutional amendment. The members of the commission are
as follows: Governor Hiram W. Johnson; Matt T. Sullivan, President,
San Francisco; Arthur Arlett, Oakland; Chester H. Rowell, Fresno,
and Marshall Stimson, Los Angeles; Secretary, Florence J. O'Brien;
Controller of Commission, Leo S. Robinson; Executive Secretary,
Harry H. Cosgriff.

WOMAN'S BOARD.

California Bldg.

OFFICERS:

Honorary President Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst

President Mrs. Frederick G. Sanborn

First Vice-President Mrs. Lovell White

Second Vice-President Mrs. I. Lowenberg

Third Vice-President Mrs. William Hinckley

Fourth Vice-President Mrs. John F. Merrill

Fifth Vice-President Mrs. Frank L. Brown

Sixth Vice-President Mrs. Ernest S. Simpson

Secretary Mrs. Gaillard Stoney

Treasurer Mrs. Philip E. Bowles

Assistant Treasurer Mrs. Edwin R. Dimond

Auditor Mrs. Charles W. Slack

Directors: Mesdames Edson F. Adams, Frank B. Anderson, Mariana
Bertola, Francis Carolan, Aylett R. Cotton, Sr., Joseph A. Donohue,
Joseph D. Grant, Reuben Brooks Hale, Prentiss Cobb Hale, I. W.
Hellman, Jr., C. Edward Holmes, John Johns, Henry Krebs, Jesse W.
Lilienthal, Laura McKinstry, Robert Oxnard, Horace D. Pillsbury,
George A. Pope, Henry T. Scott, Laurance Irving Scott, William T.
Sesnon, M. C. Sloss, William S. Tevis, E. C. Wright.

Honorary Vice-Presidents: Mesdames William H. Crocker, Charles

B. Alexander, Irving M. Scott, John C. Bidwell, Louis W. Moore,
Emma Shafter Howard, John F. Swift, Louis Sloss, Berthe D'A.
Welch, I. L. Requa, Ellen Tracy, G. D. Stephens, George J. Bucknall,
A. E. Horton.

Associate Directors: Mesdames George B. Sperry, Alexander Rus
sell, C. S. Stanton, George Hough Perry, Mary Austin, Janet Peck,

114

Minnie Sabin Cooper, John Flournoy, A. P. Black, A. C. Posey, Edgar
De Pue, Clinton Folger, Charles R. Lloyd, John F. Boyd, Henry C.
Campbell, Mollie Conners, Louis Risden Mead, W. J. McNulty, Fred
Svvanton, A. J. Fairbanks, A. Z. Sinsheimer, Viola Roseberry.

The Woman's Board has formed auxiliaries in every county in the
State, giving the women of the State an active association with the
Exposition.

San Francisco

FACTS ABOUT THE EXPOSITION CITY.

San Francisco— "The City Loved Around the World"— is at once
representatively western and cosmopolitan. The forty-niner crossing
the plains by ox team walked its unpaved streets and the Spanish
'padres, conquering the burning deserts to the south, established a
mission and dreamed their dreams of conquest, campaigning from this
point. Here, in an early day, from around the Horn and across an
unknown ocean, with snow-white sails all set, swung through the
Golden Gate the peoples and products of other lands to anchor in the
spacious bay. These early settlers brought with them energy, courage
and devotion that, as the years rolled by, has become imbedded in the
character of a city that was in its very origin cosmopolitan.

The annual mean temperature of San Francisco is 56 degrees Fahren
heit. September is the warmest and January the coldest month. The
mean temperature of September is 59.1 degrees and of January 49.2.
In the last twenty years there have been only twenty-seven days during
which the temperature exceeded 90 degrees, and in the same period it
has not fallen below 32 degrees, the freezing point. The differences
between day and night temperatures are small. The warmest hour,
2 p. m., has a mean temperature of 59.2, and the coolest hour, 6 a. m.,
has a mean temperature of 50.9 degrees. Such a climate admits of
comfort to all who attend the Exposition.

To walk the long esplanade on the bay shore, the blood quickened
by strengthening ocean airs, to rest in the balmy sunshine of the shel
tered courts, to traverse the miles upon miles of enchanting aisles in
the exhibit palaces in perfect physical comfort, will be one of the
cherished experiences of a visit to the Panama-Pacific International
Exposition. Those who come from tropic climes and from the heated
sections of our own country should bring with them warm wraps.

Located in the center of the long coast strip, with an adequate rain
fall and a large area of tributary territory, San Francisco maintains
a confident and conservative attitude toward future growth and conv
mercial importance. This feeling is reflected in the marvelous pro
duction of the Exposition at an initial cost to city and State of
seventeen and a half millions of dollars, and that within half a decade
after the recuperation from the great fire. It is most remarkable that
a city that has spent in eight short years $375,000,000 in its renaissance
—a sum equal to the cost of the Panama Canal — should also build the
largest, most beautiful, and, what promises to be the most successful,
of world expositions.

San Francisco is a wealthy city. Her bank clearings for 1912 were
$2,677,561,952, an amount almost equaling the combined clearings of
the five next larger cities of the Coast, which were $2,690,516,590 for
the same period. The assessed valuation for 1912 was $605,141,664.
The assessed valuation per capita was $1,308.24, making this the
wealthiest city on the Pacific Coast and the fifth wealthiest in the
country.

115

Momentarily leaving the Exposition itself out of the question, the

visitor in 1915 will find a world of interest and information in San
Francisco that can not be duplicated elsewhere: the sylvan charm of
Golden Gate Park with its Japanese tea gardens, buffalo and elk pad
docks, museum, wonderful walks and drives, and beautiful gardens
containing the products of two zones; a visit to the Cliff House and
Seal Rocks; Sutro Baths and Heights; an automobile drive around
the famous Ocean Boulevard or to one of the many beauty spots down
the peninsula; a study of reconstructed San Francisco, with its
Golden Gate, its splendid harbor, ocean frontage, wharves and ship
ping, parks, markets, military reservations, old Mission, public build
ings, historic points and near-by resorts — the trip most interesting to
the tourist is that through Chinatown, visiting the joss houses, the
Chinese theaters, bazaars, curio stores, restaurants, markets etc. — a
visit to the Presidio, a sunny afternoon on Fisherman's Wharf or a
lounge on one of the many beautiful parked squares that are found
at convenient intervals and serve as breathing places in the midst of
the city's business and bustle; in the constant stir of cafe and hotel
forming the city's night life— anywhere, everywhere, he will be im
pressed and thrilled with a feeling that here on the farthest shores of
earth's greatest ocean the world is taking a holiday and he is part
of it.

POINTS OF INTEREST.

Sutro Baths.— In Sutro Baths San Francisco possesses the largest
indoor salt-water natatorium in the world.

The baths are located on the cliffs overlooking the ocean at the en
trance to the Golden Gate, affording a magnificent view of one of the
most beautiful sections of California's scenic coast and of one of the
city's most famous attractions — the Seal Rocks.

The baths are reached by direct trolley from the Ferry, at the
other side of the city, over what has been called the most picturesque
street car ride in the world. The "Cliff" car takes one through the
new San Francisco and for a mile and a half along the abrupt cliffs
that form the south wall of the Golden Gate.

Interior View of Sutro Baths
116

A number of features have been recently added to the grounds
surrounding the baths that are certain to make the locality the city's
most popular amusement resort. First among them is the construc
tion of a concrete promenade just above the beach, where visitors
may observe the ships that come and go through the Golden Gate
and watch the surf, almost within reach of the spray. The best
view of the famous Seal Rocks is to be had from this promenade.

The entrance is through a replica of a Grecian temple, while the
approach to the baths proper is down a broad stairway bordered with
palms and gardens. At different levels on the stairway are balconies
and promenades with accommodations for 25,000 people.

The balconies of the baths contain the best zoological and eth
nological museum west of the Rocky Mountains.

The baths are composed of six tanks. The main pool, holding
1,310,000 gallons of water, is from three to nine feet deep. The water
in the main tank is usually at ocean temperature. That in the smaller
pools is heated to various degrees of temperature. In at least one of
the pools the water is fresh each day. In all of the small pools the
water is completely changed at least every other day and oftener if
necessary.

The water comes direct from the ocean and is supplied by the force
of the waves themselves. It is caught in a great tank on the water's
edge, as the waves sweep over, and after running through a settling
tank is pumped into the swimming pools.

Every sanitary precaution is taken in the conduct of the baths.
The bathing suits and towels are thoroughly sterilized daily. All
features are subject to the inspection of the San Francisco Board of
Health.

Sutro Heights, opposite Sutro Baths. Home of late Mayor Adolph
Sutro. Fine park, beautiful gardens, magnificent marine view.

The Cliff House — Vocal and instrumental entertainment. Dancing
in ball room every evening. A la carte service.

Golden Gate Park — One of the most beautiful parks in the world,
transformed from the most unsightly sand dunes. Extends from
Stanyan Street to the ocean and has an area of 1013 acres.

Presidio — U. S. Army headquarters, Department of California.
Comprises an area of 1,540 acres and is the largest army post in the
United States.

Mission Dolores — Properly called The Church of San Francisco de
Assisi. Founded by the Franciscan Fathers, October, 1776, for the
conversion of the Indians. This mission is in a fine state of preserva
tion. Oldest building in San Francisco. Open to visitors from 10
a. m. to 5 p. m. daily. Sixteenth and Dolores Streets.

Post Office— A handsome stone building at Seventh and Mission
Streets. In addition to the main Post Office, the Federal Courts are
located in this building.

U. S. Mint — One of the three in the United States. Opened Novem
ber 12, 1874. Visitors every day, 9 a. m. to 12 m. and 1 p. m. to 3 p. m.,
except Sundays and holidays.

Ferry Building— Is a stately structure 859 feet long by 156 feet
wide, forms the principal gateway to this city for travelers.

Chinatown— An Oriental city covering ten blocks.

The Civic Center — The governmental buildings of San Francisco.
Erected at an enormous cost they combine massiveness with beauty
in an imposing group.

117

SAN MATEO COUNTY

IMMEDIATELY adjacent to San Francisco, and extending
southerly to Santa Clara Valley. Excellent steam and electric
railway service. Perfect and complete system of asphaltic
highways. On the bay side, the country residences of the
wealthiest citizens of California. On the coast side, dairy
and truck farms and lumber industries. Climate, mild and equa^
ble. Abundant yield of fruits, flowers, vegetables, grapes and
olives. Large tracts yet open and available for residences, farm'
ing, fruit growing and other industries : Price3 reasonable and
attractive. Scenic features : Great Basin of giant redwoods ; chain
of lakes ; ocean shore and forest drives. Persons residing in
the county are within quick and easy reach of the city of San
Francisco. In San Mateo Pavilion, State Building, Fair Grounds,
see carefully prepared Relief Map, showing, among other things,
San Mateo's advantageous proximity to the Metropolis. A cor^
dial invitation is extended to all to visit San Mateo County.
Personally conducted auto tours through the county during the
Fair. For particulars, inquire at the above mentioned Pavilion.

118

VENTURA COUNTY

lENTURA COUNTY borders on the Pa
cific Ocean, four hundred miles south from
San Francisco* The State Highway enters
the county at Rincon Creek, running into
San Buenaventura, the mission city, thru
the rich Santa Clara Valley of the South
to Los Angeles County. A part of the State Highway is
the famous Rincon-Sea-Level road, one of the most beau
tiful boulevards in the world, which runs along the Pacific
Coast for fifteen miles*

The lima bean crop of Ventura County alone foots up the splendid
total value of close to five millions of dollars in a year. The sugar
beet industry produces two and one half millions of dollars per year.
Oranges, English walnuts add to the annual wealth production
of the County. The dried apricot crop of Ventura County is 25.000
tons per year. The largest lemon orchard in the world, the Lemon-
eira Company, is in Ventura County. The first attempt to mine
petroleum in California was made in Ventura County.

San Buenaventura is a city of homes, but has a great future as one
of the main resort cities of California* its smooth sand beach runs for
miles without an undertow or trip rip, which makes it the safest
place for the bather in California. The climate of San Buenaventura
is as near earthly perfection as possible.

Santa Paula, a 'town of 3500 people, is filled with bustling pros
perity and is the center of the Oil Industry, and a rich orange, lemon
and walnut belt*

Fillmore is a center of the citrus industry, apricots, walnuts and
beans.

The State Highway runs past the Montalvo, El Rio and Cama-
rillo settlement, to Los Angeles via the Cone jo pass with a side road
leading to the manufacturing city of Oxnard, the second town in the
county and the site of the immense factory of the American Beet
Sugar Company*

Nordhoff with its stately oaks, its cloud-reaching mountains and
its wonderful climate is considered the most picturesque city in Ven
tura County.

There are fine schools in all the cities and in the county. Gas,
water and electricity are practically in every house in the county.

Ventura is one of the richest and most progressive counties in the
State.

No visitor to the Exposition will have seen California without
seeing Ventura County.

Address:

Ventura County Board of Supervisors*

Ventura, California

110

C o u n t y
Pen i n s u I a
Harbor

The Ostrich Trtt

ONTEREY COUNTY is an empire alone containing over two
and a quarter million acres of valleys, hills and mountains. It
invites the general farmer, the orchardist and the stock and
dairyman to its domain. It excels any other county in the state in
apple, potato and heet culture and has the largest sugar heet factory in the
world, and a climate unexcelled. It has more Missions than any two
counties and our good and wise mission fathers took the best when
selecting their future homes. Salinas City is the county seat.
Monterey Peninsula, the resort section, contains Monterey City
Pacific Grove, Carmel-by-the-Sea, East Monterey and last but not
least, Del Monte, the peer of America's all around Summer and Winter
resorts. A quotation of Wm. Ritschel from Chas. Rollo Peters, both
world-famed artists, to the effect that while other spots on earth con
tained some one thing of rival, Monterey Peninsula combined a synthesis
of climate and sea and mountain and valley and river and forest beauty
unequalled, if not superior in attraction to any place in the world.
The Harbor of Monterey on the Bay of Monterey is undeveloped, al
most unknown and unused and yet it is one of, if not the best of the three
great harbors on the California coast and less than 100 miles of railroad
will reach the centre of 11,000,000 acres of the richest fruit, grain and
mineral section of this great State and place it in touch with the ocean
commerce of the Pacific. This magnificent harbor where the navies of
the world can enter and ride safely at anchor but a few hundred feet
from shore, offers and invites the Captains of Industry to investigate,
and it can be safely stated that with the opening of the Panama Canal,
this County offers through the Peninsula, the Harbor and the cross
State Railroad present the greatest opportunity for investment and
doing big things of any place on the entire Pacific Coast.

-D-

For further information literature, etc., call on or write

The Salinas Chamber of Commerce, Salinas, Gal.; The King City

Chamber of Commerce, King City, Cal. ; The Pa jaro Board of Trade,

Paiaro, Cal.; The Monterey Chamber of Commerce, Monterey, Cal.;

Pacific Grove Board of Trade, Pacific Grove, Cal. or

the Board of Supervisors, Salinas, Cal.

120

MAKE YOUR HOME AT

HOTEL DEL MONTE

THE PERFECT ALL-THE-YEAR-ROUND RESORT
On Monterey Bay, 125 Miles South of San Francisco

VISIT the Exposition by motor from Del Monte via the New Asphalt
State Highway thru the beautiful Salinas and Santa Clara Valleys— by
the San Juan Mission — the Leland Stanford University and many
wonderful resorts.

Thru parlor car daily from San Francisco. Motoring over 17-Mile Drive

VIA SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD. and Scenic Boulevard.

. £ A . Tennis, Archery, Sailing,

The Riviera of America surf Bathing and Fishing.

The Golfers Paradise

Most Wonderful Park and Grounds

American Plan Only.

$5.00 per day and up.

The Famous Del Monte Golf Course

Only five minutes walk from the hotel lobby. Professional Instructors.

The Pacific Grove Hotel

Three Miles from Del Monte.

Under Same Management. American Plan Only.
Rates from $3.00 up.

Address H. R. WARNER, Manager, DEL MONTE, CALIFORNIA

121

Napa County

Napa County has everything to

offer a man who desires an

ideal country home.

Address

Napa County Board of Supervisors

Napa, California

122

Sonoma County

CALIFORNIA

ITH a million acres of the best land, and only fifty thou
sand people. This is the condition in which Sonoma
County finds herself. This vast area of the richest land,
with only a small part of it under cultivation, is capable
of supporting thousands of home-seekers in luxury.

Sonoma County, with rail and water transportation, Is
only thirty-two miles from San Francisco, and all parts
of the county have easy access to the San Francisco Bay
markets.

Sonoma County's assessed valuation is $46,000,000. Sonoma County
has six incorporated towns, all possessing modern improvements, and
serving the rural districts in the capacity of furnishing material and
consuming the products.

All church denominations, fraternal orders, community Chambers of
Commerce, Women's Improvement Clubs, splendid social societies, and
a flourishing Pomona Grange, with subordinate granges, are found
in the county.

Sonoma County is famous for her wonderful scenery. The beautiful
Russian River district is known by the tourists as the Switzerland
of America. It is estimated that one hundred thousand pleasure
seekers visit the resort districts during the summer. Fishing and
hunting are abundant in season.

Luther Burbank, the greatest horticulturist ever known, selected
Sonoma County in which to follow his life work, the propagation of
plant life.

We will furnish, free upon request, a general booklet on Sonoma
County and individual booklets on poultry, prunes, apples, pears,
peaches, plums, grapes, hops; grain, hay, corn and alfalfa; citrus
fruits, quinces and olives; cherries, walnuts, truck gardening, berries,
summer resorts, dairying and hog raising and manufacturing.

Sonoma County

Panama- Pacific International Exposition
Santa Rosa, Calif.

123

Are You Going

to be one of the many fortunate settlers who
will locate in Santa Barbara County this
year and in 1915, and who will start new
homes in this land of promise and plenty?
Santa Barbara County has an area of 2630 square
miles, containing many fertile and thriving
valleys. It is an attractive place for agricul
turists, horticulturists, investors, home-
seekers and those in search of rest and recrea
tion. Protected by a chain of islands on the

one side, and by lofty mountains on the other, the climate is
unsurpassed anywhere in the world; the mean range, summer
and winter, being only twelve degrees.

Climatic

Conditions

Unsurpassed,

Agricultural
Possibilities
Difficult of
Estimation.

Land Values
Reasonable.

Petroleum

Production

10,000,000

Barrels

Annually.

Two Hundred
Miles of
Anticline
Unexploited

The only way to know Santa Barbara is not to
depend upon type, but to see the county itself.
The setting, the climate, the atmosphere, all
of the factors that go to make up this favored
locality — these are the things that can be set
down meagerly but whose impression is diffi
cult to convey.

What with the orchard, the vineyard, the stock
and dairy farm, the bean, the grain, the sugar
beet, the mustard, the olive oil, the walnut, the
lemon, the petroleum, there are commercial

possibilities, big business ventures, to be consummated in and
around this beautiful county.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS:

Santa Barbara Chamber of Commerce

Santa Barbara, California

124

Humboldt County

CALIFORNIA

Ihe Land of Opportunity
The Playground of the West

Its 2,325,760 acres offer greater

and more varied resources than any other county in the State.
Leads all the counties in lumber and dairy products.

No IRRIGATION

The cool and refreshing summer climate
and abundance of fish and game make it the unrivaled

CAMPING GROUND of CALIFORNIA

For information and descriptive literature, apply to the
HUMBOLDT BOOTH IN THE CALIFORNIA BUILDING OR
HUMBOLDT CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, EUREKA, CALIF.

THE LEONARD CLEANABLE

ONE-PIECE PORCELAIN LINED

REFRIGERATORS

lake a clean china disk of

hart shown

in the Palace of Pure
Foods, on Avenue E
and Second Street. 50
styles and sizes. Be
sure you see them.
Prices to suit every
purse. Samples and
full information free.

Agencies in all the
principal cities of the
world.

GRAND RAPIDS REFRIGERATOR CO.

Sole Manufacturer*
GRAND RAPIDS MICHIGAN, U. 8. A.

125

Finest All- Year Hotel in the South

Accommodating
1,000 Guests

The trip to and from the
California Expositions

is most enjoyable through
the logical gateway, affording
a visit to Quaint, Historic

New Orleans

"The Paris of America"

No resort offers so wide a
range of pleasurable occupa
tions — Golf, Polo, Baseball,
Tennis, Fishing, Hunting,
Yachting, Racing.

European
Plan

A well-ordered hotel for a discriminating public traveling
for business or pleasure

Management from Waldorf-Astoria, N. Y. City
ALFRED S. AMER & CO., Limited, Proprietor*

The New

Hotel Montelcone

NEW ORLEANS, LA.

A HOTEL of the highest
•"• standard. Absolutely
fire-proof; 500 rooms; 350
with private bath. Euro
pean plan. Rates: $1.50 up
with detached bath; $2.50
with private bath.

J. D. KENNEY

Manager

COST, $1,600,000

126

Illumination Effects, showing the scintillator and the "Court of Four

Seasons."

127

PENNSYLVANIA SYSTEM

The Standard Railroad of America

TIII'1 Pennsylvania Railroad System consist*
of the Pennsylvania Railroad, General Office,
Philadelphia; the Pennsylvania Lines, Gen
eral Office, Pittsburgh, and affiliated lines. It
operates in 15 States, — from the Mississippi
River to the Atlantic Ocean and from Dulutli to
Norfolk, — where more than half the population
of the United States lives. Never before In the
history of American railroads has it been so im
perative that the people understand the railroads
and their problems. When visiting the Panama-
Pacific International Exposition see this Railroad
System's educational exhibit In the Palace of
Transportation, where courteous attendants will
look after visitors. Ask for the illustrated
booklet.

San Francisco Office, 40 Powell Street

HENRY DISSTON & SONS

INCORPORATED

PHILADELPHIA, U.S.A.

Saws . Tools . Steel . Files

Visit the

Disston Exhibit

Avenue C and
Sixth Street

Palace

of
Manufacturers

displaying in motion the comprehensive line oj Disston products. As a

masterpiece of mechanical construction, it is universally interesting and

should be seen by everyone.

Look for the revolving globe

Reg. U. S. Pat. Off.

Reg. U. S. Pat. Of.

128

Cf)e

•OHHHHMa

Hotel

t x a

R. S. KAMPMANN, Managing Director

SAN ANTONIO'S Most Beau
tiful, Convenient and Comfortable
Hotel. Built in Old Spanish Style.

European Plan — Absolutely Fireproof

OVERLOOKING HISTORIC ALAMO ON ALAMO PLAZA

Excellent Appointments Throughout : Service and Cuisine Unexcelled

Great Northern

f f , 1 Jackson Boulevard,
II Ol PI Dearborn & Quincy
J.A.vrt.V'J, streets.

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

$1.50 and up
without bath

$2.50 and up
with bath

CHICAGO'S MOST
POPULAR HOTEL

JOHN C. ROTH, Managing Director

THE

ST. PAUL
HOTEL STPA"L

MINN.

is the newest and largest in St. Paul.

It is a spacious, fire- proof, modern

Hotel.

Every room has its private bath and

outside exposure.

RATES

With Shower bath: Single $1.50

Doable $2.50

With Tub Bath: Single $2.00 to $4.00
" Doable 3. 50 to 5.00

CHARLES G. ROTH, Resident Mgr.

GREAT NORTHERN HOTEL

CHICAGO, under same management

129

FOOD IS OUR SPECIALTY

The Restaurant Refined

Serving Breakfast, Lunch,
Tea and Dinner.

Our Patrons send us their friends— not for "a good time"
but for good food and service at moderate prices.

The Golden Pheasant 32'36 Geary St-
i iic vjrumen A iiCetbdnL, JustaboveKearny&Market

It's Worm Your While

A Demonstration of the

Dalton Adding, Listing and
Calculating Machine

At the Dalton Booth

Corner 7th Street

and Avenue D

Liberal Arts Building,
Exposition Grounds

We want every automobile owner to try
"THE YOST STANDARD CARBON REMOVER"
Guaranteed "Sure, Safe and Clean"

It removes soot and carbon, cleans cylinders and valves. Saves gasoline. In
sures smooth running machine. Easily applied; used through spark plugs; put up
in tablet form. Your automobile equipment is not complete without it.

Trial package sent postpaid anywhere $1. Dealers' price on application.

Call at YOST-MITCHELL MFG. CO.
1506 Market Street San Francisco, Calif.

HOMES IN L.ALIFORNIA: rarms,
Orchards, Dairies, Suburban. Free
rrcatalog issued. All counties. Strangers ,
cordially invited. For 30 years we have
successfully striven to find for our pa
trons the best property for the least
money throughout California. C. M.
WOOSTER COMPANY, 303 Phelan
Bldg., San Francisco.

G, Galleazzi & Sons

Musical Reed Instru- \

ments
Accordeon Makers \

476-478 Jackson St,,S,h

Exhibit in Palace ot

Liberal Arts
4th St., bet.Aves.C&E

VISITORS TO THE EXPOSITION

PHONE
FRANKLIN

Let us attend to your Trunk and Baggage Transfer

801

Office at FERRY BLDG.

Main Exit —
Under Ferry Clock

MORTON SPECIAL DELIVERY

Oakland, Alameda, Berkeley, San Francisco Storage a Specialty
R. KLEIS, Proprietor Main Office, 361 ELLIS STREET

130

Don V Pail to See Our

|"> / Exhibit one block west of

Bungalows »s£*y» PBI &

BEAUTIFUL HOMES AT HALF ORDINARY COST

A.L.£fJ.E.LUNDY

Formerly KENYON PACIFIC CO.

Designers and Builders of Portable, Non-
Portable and Sectional Houses

MONEY SAVERS for HOME BUILDERS

Office: FRANKLIN STREET, NEAR MARKET
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.

Make a note of the location Joint

Palace of Machinery

BLOCK 45, AVENUE I

We have installed an interesting ex
hibit showing the attainment reached in
the manufacture of Modern Equipment
for the Transmission of Power.

A TON of equipment is driven by a
W model " S P I R O " Compression
Shaft Coupling, the largest shaft of this
equipment being 5" in diameter.

All moving parts driven by " S T E R-
LING" Oak Tanned Leather Belting.

Bond Foundry and Machine

Company. Mfgs. of Power Transmit
ting Specialties, Manhtim, Lancaster
County, Pa.

Canadian Bond Hanger and

Coupling CO., Ltd. Mfgs. of Power
Transmitting Specialties, Alexandria,

Ontario.

Charles Bond Company. Makers

Of Leather Belting, Philadelphia, Pa.

HOUSTON,

TEXAS

THE RICE

The largest and most complete hotel, in
the fastest advancing city, and most re
sourceful state of the south.

600 Outside Rooms : 525 with Bath

$1.50 per day and up

Include Houston in your list of stopovers to or
from the Exposition. The home of genuine south
ern hospitality.

HOMER D. MATTHEWS, Manager

NIPPON cTWURA £ miles south of San

Francisco on the San
Jose -Los Gatos Interurban R. R. In the foothills of the Santa Cruz
Mountains. A Japanese Hamlet. Open all the year. For particulars address
MRS. THEODORE J. MORRIS, Los Gatos, Calif.

131

AMERICAN-HAWAIIAN STEAMSHIP CO.

Coast to Coast Fast Freight Service maintained by 26 Modern Steel
Steamers, all flying the American Flag

PANAMA CANAL "CRUISE DE LUXE," S. S. HONOLULAN

First Class Passenger Accommodations Only

New York
Boston
Charleston
Norfolk

San Diego
Los Angeles
San Francisco
Portland
Seattle
Tacoma

Hawaiian
Islands

S.S.Vireinian, 22OOO Tons Displacement

WILLIAMS DIMOND & CO. DEARBORN & LAPHAM

Gen'l Ag'ts for Pacific Coast General Agents

310 Sansome Street, San Francisco 8 Bridge Street, New York

$@T Visit Our Exhibit in the Transportation Palace

See the K & E Exhibit

Palace of Liberal Arts
A Most Comprehensive Display

Drawing Materials

Mathematical and Surveying
Instruments

Slide Rules

Naval and Nautical
Instruments

Measuring Tapes

KEUFFEL & ESSER Co.

New York Hoboken, N. J.

CHICAGO
520 S. Dearborn St.

ST. LOUIS
813 Locust St.

SAN FRANCISCO
48-50 Second St.

MONTREAL
5 Notre Dame St.W.

132

SEE OUR EXHIBIT

Southeast Corner Block 44, 45 and 46

Corner Avc. I and 5th St., Machinery Palace
WE ARE SHOWING THE FOLLOWING MANUFACTURERS' LINES:

Name — C. H. & E. Mfg. Co. Owen Bucket Co.

A-lbrecht Excavator Co. Clyde Iron Works Russell Grader Mfg.

Barber Asphalt Paving Haslett Spiral Chute Co. Co.

Co. Iroquois Iron Works St. Louis Steel Foun-

Ceresit Waterproofing Muggley Differential Co. dry Co.

Co. Patent Scaffold Co. The T. L. Smith Co.

1PARROTT St CO.

San Francisco Office Los Angeles Office

320 California Street Higgins Building

Indoors and Out o9 doors

Citrus Cream gives you that enviable clearness and radiant fresh
ness of complexion

CITRUS CREAM

the new cleansing cream made entirely of lemons

Visit the Citrus Cream Exhibit in the Liberal Arts Building

(Corner nearest the Tower of Jewels)
and witness the manufacture of this unique California product

QUIET REST ROOMS LEMONADE SERVED

LALGHLIN FRUIT REFINING COMPANY

Los Angeles, Cal.

"TRIDENT" WATER METERS

ARE USED EXCLUSIVELY BY THE EXPOSITION IN CONNECTION
WITH ITS WATER SYSTEM ON THE EXPOSITION GROUNDS

There is a type of "Trident" Water Meter specially designed for
every form of service

NEPTUNE METER CO.

Visit Booth 23, South Machinery Palace, Exposition

00 West Street, New York 320 Market Street, San Francisco

308 Everett Street, Portland, Ore. 411^ E. Third Street, Los Angeles

THE ARLINGTON COMPANY

MANUFACTURERS OF

PYRALIN

Toilet Articles. Ivory Pyralin — the Toilet Ware De Luxe. Combs

Brushes, Mirrors and Fancy Goods. Pyralin Sheeting.

Arlington Waterproof Collars and Cuffs.

Pyralin Lacquers and Enamels.

THE ARLINGTON COMPANY

ESTABLISHED 1883 725-727 Broadway NEW YORK, U. S. A.

133

Exhibits of the following firms are in the Palace of
Machinery

Contractors Machinery : Road Machinery

EXHIBIT OF

Edward R. Bacon Company

SAN FRANCISCO : LOS ANGELES

Representing

The Baker Mfg. Co. Jaeger Machine Co.

Fopte Mfg. Co. Pawling & Harnischfeger Co.

Erie Machine Shops Ohio Locomotive Crane Co.

Galion Iron Wks. & Mfg. Co. Universal Crusher Co.

Troy Wagon Works Co. C. J. Young Iron Works

Entire Block 32-S
Between 4th and 5th Streets, Avenues C and C-2

IRRIGATION? WESTERN

Engine is a complete success. Cheapest watefy-when your
crops need it — is money for you. See these engines in opera
tion at Block 1 5S, Palace of Machinery, and leave orders there

WESTERN GAS ENGINE CORPORATION, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

Exhibits of the following firms are in the Palace of
Transportation

HOLLAND-AMERICA LINE

REGULAR TWINSCREW
PASSENGER SERVICE

NEW YORK— ROTTERDAM

AND

VIA PLYMOUT
BOULOGNE

NEW TRIPLE SCREW TURBINE S. 8. ' '8TATENDAM" ^BUILDING)

86,000 TONS REGISTER

40,000 TONS DISPLACEMENT

EXHIBIT IN

Palace of Transportation

PASSENGER OFFICE:]

31 9 Geary St., San Francisco

GEN. PASS. AGENCY

24 State Street, New York

Chicago, 138 No, La Salle St.
Boston, 89 State St.
St. Louis, Locust & 11th Sts.
Seattle, 108 Cherry St.
New Orleans, 219 St. Charles

134

PHONE HAYWARD 251

A. B. PETERSEIV, Proprietor

AN IDEAL PLACE TO DINE

DUBLIN CANYON BOULEVARD

Three miles northeast of Hayward
17 miles from Oakland

This la one of the most
beautiful drives about San
Francisco. Visitors to tbe
Exposition should not miss
it. The cuisine and service
the best.

RESTAURANT OPEN
AT ALL, HOURS

BANQUETS
A SPECIALTY

"SAVE YOUR BACK WITH A CADILLAC"
Four Models of

Electric Vacuum Cleaners, $25.00 up

Cadillac Combination Vacuum and Carpet Sweepers

Demonstrated in Our Booth, Sixth Street, between Avenues C and D,
Section 27, in the Palace of Manufactures

Manufactured and Guaranteed by

CLEMENTS MANUFACTURING CO., Chicago, 111.

TheTate Flexible Staybolt

Recognized as the standard
for Locomotive Fire Boxes

450 Railroads now using; this bolt
13,000,000 in service

FLANNERY BOLT COMPANY

Manufacturers
Vanadium Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

J. ROGERS FLANNERY & CO.
Selling Agents
Pittsburgh, Pa.

SEE OUR EXHIBIT IN TRANSPORTATION BUILDING

135

The Inside Inn

PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION

THE ONLY HOTEL .WITH
IN THE GROUNDS OF THE

OPENING January 15, 1915. Absolute fire protection. Individual rates-European
U plan $? 00 per day and upward according to style and location of room; American
plan, rates added. Restaurants and Cafes. All outside rooms have If lvateJS2j ''
Telephone in each room. Steam heated throughout. Convention and Banquet Halls
for large gatherings.

Under the Supervision of the Exposition Management
Make Your Reservations NOW fSESSSEF'

"BOSSY
BRAND
MILK

In Bottles — Not
Canned.

Noted for

Its Rich, Pure

Flavor.

United Milk
Company

16th and Guerrero
SAN FRANCISCO

136

The Savoy

DENY ER'S

MOST MODERN HOTEL

Sensible Prices

Every Convenience

Home Comforts
Cuisine Unexcelled

TAKE ANY CAR at WELCOME ARCH to our door. Arrange your ticket for a
liberal stay in DENVER, the Motorist's Paradise. Visit the world-
famous Mountain Parks — Lookout Mountain, Genesee Park, The Red
Rocks and other scenic beauties of the Colorado Rockies.

R. K. STARKWEATHER, Manager

"•ANTLERS

Colorado Springs

THE LAND OF WONDROUS
BEAUTY IN THE HEART OF
THE ROCKIES WITH ITS
GREAT PIKE'S PEAK AND
THE GARDEN OF THE GODS, i

BREAK YOUR TRIP

TO AND FROM THE EXPOSITION
AT COLORADO SPRINGS

IBE SURE TO SEE THAT

'YOUR RAILWAY TICKET

IS ROUTED THIS WAY

THE ANTLERS PROVIDES EVERY COM
FORT, CONVENIENCE AND LUXURY
KNOWN TO THE MODERN HOTEL COM
BINED WITH PERFECT SERVICE AND
FAULTLESS CUISINE.

W. S. DUNNING, Manager
137

Wells Fargo

€J World-wide express service over 115,000

miles of rail and steamship lines.

CJ 80,000,000 packages handled each year,

with safety and dispatch.

€J 4-day express flyers from coast to coast.

fl The efficiency of a mighty organization

heightened by a personal and conscientious

service.

Wells Fargo Travelers Checks offer tourists

not only safety and convenience, but also

Wells Far go's personal service

SHIP BY
WELLS FARGO

TRAVEL ON
WELLS FARGO

Free "movies" at our pavilion^^^in the Transportation Palace

UARCO SYSTEMS

FOR BUSINESS PURPOSES

AUTOGRAPHIC REGISTERS, BARKER ROLL
PAPER TYPEWRITER ATTACHMENTS

UNEQUALED for Writing Invoices, U. B. L.'s,
Express and Delivery Receipts

UNITED AUTOGRAPHIC REGISTER COMPANY

PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND FACTORY, CHICAGO

At Exhibit, Block 30, Seventh St., bet. Aves. C&D, Palace of Liberal Arts

You Should Not Miss

Seeing and having the most up-to-date modern invention demonstrated to you. If you call at the EXHIBIT of

UTILITY GAS APPLIANCE AND SALES CO.

Avenue F, Streets Center of Machinery Palace

You will find a GAS PLANT that you can install in your own home, and which furnishes gas for all domestic
purposes, using as fuel ordinary automobile gasoline. The Utility Gas Kitchen, a colonial building erected outside
the east entrance of the Machinery Palace is part of the exhibit. It is a first-class, moderately priced restaurant,
and the cooking, lighting and heating is entirely carried out by Utility Gas. For literature and further informa
tion apply to

UTILITY GAS APPLIANCE AND SALES CO.

240 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, Cal.

11ft

INDEX— GENERAL

Page

Administration Avenue 66

Admission fee to Grounds 105

Architects of the Exposition.... 20

Architecture 19-20

Argentine, Pavilion and Exhibits 80
A Trip through the Grounds. . .31-32

Attractions, free 106

Australia, Pavilion and Exhibits 82

Austria, Exhibits 89

Avenue of Palms 35

Avenue of Progress 39-40

Balkan States, Exhibits 89

Band Concerts — (For details see
Official Daily Program).

Belgium, Exhibits 89

Board of Directors . . 113

Pag«

Board of Women 114

Bolivia, Building and Exhibits.. 82

Brief Directions 15

Bureau of Information 107

California Building, its Exhibits,

and Counties 100

Cameras and Kodaks, Rules.... 105
Canada, Building and Exhibits.. 82
Carnation Milk Condensery . . . . 103
Catalogs, Official, and where sold 105
China, Buildings and Exhibits. 82-84

Color Scheme 25

Congresses and Conventions, Di
rector of ' 112

Conventions and Congresses.... 102
Court of Abundance, Architec
ture, Sculpture, Murals, Flora. 43-50

Over 12 Million
Policies in Force

Over 2', Billion Dollars
Life Insurance in Force

Home Office Buildings, where over 3500 Persons are Employed

Investigate The Prudential's
Splendid Monthly Income Policy

it Guarantee* aa Income CTCIT month for 5, 10, 15 or 20 years, or for Life.

THE PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE CO. OF AMERICA

FORREST F. DRYDEN.iPresident

HOME OFFICE

NEWARK, N. J.

VIC: IT THE PRUDENTIAL EXHIBIT, SOCIAL ECONOMY
V 1 O 1 1 SECTION, MINES BUILDING.

139

INDEX—GENERAL

Page

Court of Flowers 36

Court of Four Seasons, Architec
ture, Sculpture, Murals, In
scriptions 61-64

Court of Mines 43

Court of Palms, Sculpture, Mur
als 75-76

Court of Universe, Architecture,

Sculpture, Murals 52-59

Cuba, Building and Exhibits 84

Daily Events — (See Official Daily
Program, sold on Grounds).

D. A. R. Headquarters 106

Denmark, Building and Exhibits 84

Department of Guards 106

Division of Exhibits 110

Division of Works 112

Division of Exploitation 112

Division of Concessions and Ad
missions 110

Dogs of All Nations 103

Electric Chairs (see Transporta
tion) 109

Emergency Hospital 109

Esplanade 64

Page
Executive Offices, where located 15

Executive Staff 110

Exhibits 18

Exhibit Gardens 28-29

Exposition Auditorium 103

Exposition Colors, Official 25

Exposition, General Description

17-19

Exposition Grounds, how

Reached 14

Exposition Guards 106

Exposition Officials 110

Exposition Organization 109

Exposition Sculpture 21-25

(For full description, see Offi
cial Sculpture Book, issued
by Wahlgreen Company, and
for sale everywhere).
Festival Hall, Sculpture, Flora,

Illumination 38

Fine Arts Exhibit— (See Fine
Arts Catalog, on sale in Pal
ace of Fine Arts) 67-72

Fire Department, Stations 106

The

Only

Way

To see the wonders of the Exposition in perfect comfort is to obtain
a Miniature Electric Vehicle and motor about the grounds, going where
you please when you please. These fascinating promenade automobiles,
controlled by yourself, may be operated with perfect safety after a few
moments' instruction by one of our demonstrators.

You will have missed one of the most novel and entertaining features
of the Exposition if you conclude your visit without having driven about
in one of the Miniature Electric Vehicles.

Stations at all principal entrances.

Rates: $1.00 per hour for vehicle seating two or three persons.

Concession operated by
MINIATURE MOTOR VEHICLE COMPANY

This company desires to announce that they design and build miniature
motor vehicles for amusement parks, health and pleasure resorts and
invalids.

Amusement parks and pleasure resorts offer splendid opportunities for
large profits to those operating the miniature electric vehicle privilege.
Get into a highly profitable business.

GRASP THE OPPORTUNITY NOW

Write us for prices of vehicles and full details.

MINIATURE MOTOR VEHICLE COMPANY
Flatiron Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. Please mention this publication.

INDEX—GENERAL

Page
Florentine Court 50

Foreign Nations not Represent
ed by Buildings 89

Fountain of Energy 32

France, Building and Exhibits.. 84

General Information 105

Germany, Exhibits 89

Great Britain, Exhibits 89

Greece, Building and Exhibits.. 84

Grounds, Entrances to 14

Grounds, Layout of 18

Ground Map of the Exposition

Grounds and Buildings

Special Insert before page 1

Guatemala, Pavilion and Ex
hibits 85

Honduras, Building and Exhibits 85

Hospital 106

House of Hoo-Hoo 103

Illumination, Exposition 29-30

Illumination, Tower of Jewels.. 34

India, Exhibits 90

Information, General 105

Inscriptions, Monuments and

Buildings 30

Inside Inn 104

Introductory 13

Italy, Buildings and Exhibits... 85
Japan, Buildings and Exhibits.. 85
Jewels of "Tower of Jewels"... 34
Live Stock Section, Events, Ex
hibits 78-79

Location of Buildings — (See
Map, Special Insert, page 1).

Location of Exhibits — (See Offi
cial Catalog and Official Di
rectory of Exhibits, on sale in
each Palace and elsewhere).

Location of Exposition 18

Lost and Found 107

Lost Children 107

Luxemberg, Exhibits 90

Main Gardens 27

Marine Camp 107

Marina, location of 15

Materials used in Exposition

Palaces 20

Matron's Office 106

Motion Pictures 107

Mural Paintings 27

(For full description, see Offi
cial Sculpture and Mural
[Handbook] issued by The
Wahlgreen Company, and
for sale on the Grounds and
elsewhere.)

Chicago's
Great Hotel

An unsurpassed home for
a day or a month. Erected
in the center of the busi
ness, shopping and theatre
district, at a cost of more
than three million dollars.
Convenient to all trans
portation lines.

750 rooms, all with private
baths, at rates averaging one
dollar less per day than those
of any other hotel operated on
the same plane of excellence.
Make your home while in Chi
cago at the new

Hotel
Sherman

Randolph Street at Clark

Home of the famous restau
rant The College Inn.
Single rooms $2.00, $2.50, $3.00,
$3.50, $4.00. Double rooms $3.50,
$4.00, $5.00, $6.00. Suites $5.00
to $15.00.
HOTEL SHERMAN COMPANY

'.. • ;:: ::::.

141

INDEX— GENERAL

Page

Music 101

(For detailed Program of Con
certs, Special Events, see
Official Daily Program on
Grounds).

Netherlands, Pavilion and Ex
hibits 85

New York City 97

New Zealand, Pavilion and Ex
hibits 86

Norway, Pavilion and Exhibits. 86

Officials 109

Origin and History of Exposi
tion 17

Original Cost of Exposition 17

Overfair Railway (see Trans
portation) 109

Palaces and Courts 31

Palace of Agriculture, Archi
tecture, Exhibits 60-61

Palace of Education, Architec
ture, Sculpture, Exhibits 73-74

Palace of Fine Arts, Architec
ture, Sculpture, Murals 67-72

Page

Palace of Horticulture, Archi
tecture, Exhibits 77

Palace of Liberal Arts 76-77

Palace of Machinery, Architec
ture, Sculpture, Exhibits 40-41

Palace of Manufactures, Sculp
ture and Exhibits 36

Palace of Mines and Metallurgy,

Architecture, Exhibits 41-43

Palace of Pure Foods, Architec
ture, Sculpture, Exhibits 66-67

Palace of Transportation 50-51

Palace of Varied Industries, Ar
chitecture, Sculpture, Exhibits 39

Panama Building 87

Parcels and Packages 108

Persia, Exhibits 90

Philippine Islands, location of

Building and Exhibits 95-96

Points of Interest 116

Portugal, Pavilion and Exhibits 87

Preparation of Grounds 17

Press Building 104

Programs, Special Events, etc.,

See Official Daily Program.
Redwood Bungalow 104

Go To BLOCK 33— (Avenue A and Seventh St.)

Palace of Manufacturers

There you will see one of our looms
in the actual operation of manufacturing

TH.A.DE MARK REG. U.S. PAT. OFF\j

— the best known, most widely used and
most extensively advertised floor covering

Made in St. Paul, Minn., United States
of America, for use all over the world

CREX CARPET COMPANY, 1134 Broadway, N. Y.

142

INDEX— GENERAL

Page

Registered Messenger Service. . 108
Rules governing Automobiles... 105

Rules governing Cameras 105

San Francisco, Facts about the

City 115

Scope of Exposition 18

Sculpture, List of 24-25

S?iam, Pavilion and Exhibits 87

Southern Pacific Building 104

South 'Gardens 35

Spain, Exhibits 90

Special Events 101

(For full list of, see Official
Daily Program on Grounds.)

Special Structures 103

State Commission, California. . . 114
State and Foreign Buildings.... 80

State and Foreign Participation,
Nations Represented 80-90

States and Territories Repre
sented 91-100

Sweden, Building and Exhibits. 87-89

Switzerland, Exhibits 90

Ticket Offices 109

Title Page 11

Tower of Jewels, Sculpture, Mur
als, Inscriptions, Illumination,

Jewels " 32-34

Transportation 109

Turkey, Pavilion and Exhibits. 89

United States Government 90

Uruguay, Exhibits 90

U. S. Government Exhibits 91

Utility Gas Kitchen 103

Venetian Court 59-60

Views and Vistas of the Expo
sition 79

Wahlgreen Company, The, Expo
sition Offices 104

White and Sugar Pine Bungalow 104

Woman's Board 114

Y. M. C. A 104

Y. W. C. A 104

Zone 101

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Air 49

Arch of the Rising Sun 51

Argentine Building 81

Auto Trains 109

Board of Directors . . 113

Economical
Luxurious
Convenient

The traveling public will
find Chicago's newest ho
tel a most convenient and
comfortable home.

Only hotel in Chicago with
direct transportation at its
doors to all parts of the city.

Fort

Dearborn
Hotel

Chicago

Offtsite La Salle Street Station.
La Salle Street at Van Buren.
Every room an outside room
— with either bath or toilet.

$1.50, $2.00, $2.50 -no higher

HOTEL SHERMAN COMPANY

Illllllllllllli

A Land of Opportunity — Thirty Years' Time

a paradise of Health — in The Best Proposition in America

all California there is no <; on the finest land in the entire West

lovelier spot than the
Sunset Lake Country. It's
the Switzerland of Amer
ica. Your visit to Cali
fornia will be incomplete
unless you see it.
WE TAKE CARE OF

THE SETTLER

At every turn we rep
resent him and look out
for his interests. There
are 500,000 acres adja
cent to our line for sale
on thirty years' time.

SIERRA

NEVADA

ROUTE

Some of it may be
leased on shares. In the
settlement of these lands
the homeseekers' inter
ests are our interests.
The soil is dark loam;
climate unsurpassed.
Write NOW to
R. M. COX,
Gen. Mgr. Nevada Cali
fornia Oregon Railway,
Reno, Nevada, or

M. KELSON,

Colonization Agent,

451 Pbelan Building,

San Francisco

AN EXHIBIT OF

KARPEN SruHAoRLAs?SiB FURNITURE

be made in the Manufacturers Building at the
Panama-Pacific International Exposition

Examples of the World's finest line of Upholstered Furniture will be
displayed. Whether your taste be for delicately carved pieces for ar
tistic effect or the luxuriously Upholstered Pieces, desired solely for
comfort, you will find designs in this extensive line to meet your
wants. You are cordially invited to visit the exhibit.

S. KARPEN & BROS.

CHICAGO NEW YORK

Don't Fail to See the Display of

Bean Spray Pump Co,

Western
Factory

San Jose
Calif.

Eastern
Factory

Lansing
Mich.

MANUFACTURERS OF

Hand and Power Sprayers

Centrifugal Pumps
Gas and Distillate Engines

We have a complete exhibit of sprayer!*, pumps, and engines in>
operation. You will find our display in the Palace of Horticulture —
just to the right of the Cuban Garden, — which is located under the
central dome, the largest and most magnificent dome «« the world.
Make our location your Exposition Headquarters.

144

INDEX— GENERAL

Illustrations — Continued

Page

California Building 100

Court of Palms 74

Detail Fountains of Setting and

Rising Sun 55

End of the Trail 73

Effects of Illumination 127

Executive Officials Ill

Feast of Sacrifice 61

First and Second Panels, Foun
tain of the Earth 45

Floor Plan, Palace of Fine Arts 70

Fountain of Energy 16

Fountain of Spring 62

Four Elements 56

Group of Foreign Buildings.... 83

Mural Painting by Du Mond... 26

Mural Painting by Simmons.... 26

Nations of the East 54

Nations of the "West 53

North Sea 31

Palace of Fine Arts 68

Palace of Liberal Arts 35

Palace of Machinery 40

Panel on Rotunda, Palace of

Fine Artd 69

Philippine Building 95

Plateresque Portal ..." 42

Pursuit of Pleasure 75

Rising Sun 23

Setting Sui. 22

Siam Building 86

South Gardens 12

Sutro Baths 116

Swedish Buildins 88

Third and Fourtn Panels, Foun
tain of the tiarth 46

Washington Stare Building .... 98
Water Sprite Beauty and the

Beast 37

Yacht Harbor and Esplanade... 65

Y. W. C. A. Building 105

ADVERTISEMENTS— Classified

AiluniK Machines.

Dalton Adding Machine Co 130

Antograpmc Registers.

United Autographic Register Co 138

Sing Fat Co.

Leading Oriental
Bazaar

S.W. Cor. California St.

and Grant Ave.

CHINATOWN

BRANCH

Geary St., near Grant Ave.
SAN FRANCISCO

ALSO

South Broadway at 6th St.
LOS ANGELES, CAL.

SEE OUR EXHIBIT

Right Hard Entrance Chinese

Government Building, next to

Canada Building

145

View of Michigan Ave., Chicago, showing The Blackstone in the foreground

The most talked of and the best thought of Hotel in the United States. Rates as low as $2.50 per day

THE DRAKE HOTEL COMPANY, Owners and Managers

6 BELLEVUE- STRATFORD

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

8OO ROOMS

Considered by many to be the finest
hotel in the United States.

Beautiful Furnishings
Cuisine and Service Unsurpassed

The Bellevue-Stratford Hotel is under
the same management as

The Waldorf-Astoria

NEW YORK

146

ADVERTISEMENTS— Classified

Baggage Transfer.

Morton Special Delivery 130

Bolts.

Flannery Bolt Co 135

Bonds and Lands.

Van Bokkelen Bros 160

Carbon Remover.

J. L. Yost Mfg. Co 130

Catalogue.

Fine Arts Official 159

Certificates of Visitation.

Foster, Capt. J. Rupert 9

Contractors' Machinery.

Edward R. Bacon Co 134

Counties.

Alameda County, back Grounds

Map Insert

Humboldt County 125

Monterey County 120

Napa County 122

San Mateo County 118

Santa Barbara County 124

Sonoma County 123

Ventura County 119

Drawing Materials.

Keuffel & Esser Co. .- 132

Electric Vehicles.
Miniature Electric Vehicle Co... 140

Electrical Goods.

Apple Electric Co 4

Splitdorf Electrical Co 4

Westinghouse Electric & Mfg.
Co Inside front cover

Elevators.

Otis Elevator Co. . 6

Engines, Gas and Distillate.

Bean Spray Pump 144

Express Companies.

American Express Co 159

Wells Fargo Co 138

Floor Covering and Carpets.

Crex Carpet Co 142

Fruit Refining.
Laughlin Fruit Refining Co 133

Food Products.
Libby, McNeill & Libby...3rd cover

San Francisco's
Newest Hotel

Facing the Plaza of Union
Square, with an eight-minute
car service to the Exposition, the
Plaza Hotel offers an unsur
passed home for a day, month,
or indefinite period.

400 rooms, nearly all with private
baths. Daily rates, European
plan, $2.00 to $6.50.

Dining room featuring a table
d'hote service — Luncheon, 50c;
Dinner, $1.00.

Make your home while in San
Francisco at the new

Hotel Plaza

N. W. Cor. Post and Stockton Sts.

The Hotel Plaza is under the
management of John G. Barker.

147

FRED. PPLAGEM ANN, PROP

COR.
POWELL &ELLISSTS.

The Golden West
Offers a convenient location
from which to visit the Expo
sition. On Powell Street, the location
of the leading hotels. Rates — single,
$1.00 to $2.50 without bath. $2 to
$4 with bath. Make reservations
direct.

RAJDKE & CO.

219 F»OST STREET

Three Doors Above Grant Avenue Two Blocks from the St. Francis or Palace Hotels

The House of California Souvenirs

CALIFORNIA PRECIOUS AND SEMI-PRECIOUS STONES,
PANAMA-PACIFIC SOUVENIR SPOONS, CALIFORNIA
NOVELTIES.

Complete stock of DIAMONDS, JEWELRY, WATCHES and
STERLING SILVER WARE, in the Best Prevailing Designs.
Soecial Attention in Executing Rush Orders for Visitors

Say

"GRAND PACIFIC

TO THE TAXI-DRIVER
WHEN YOU REACH

CHICAGO

Now under the personal direction of JAMES T. CLYDE

EUROPEAN PLAN
$1.50 PER DAY UPWARDS

LOCATION in the center of everything.
Famously good Restaurants and
Cafes. BIGGEST, BRIGHTEST and
BEST SAMPLE ROOMS WITH BATH
IN THE CITY. A modern hotel with
courteous personal attention.

CORNER JACKSON BOULEVARD AND CLARK STREET

148

WEAR

Mayerle's Eyeglasses

Avoid annoyance and inconvenience in
changing glasses when you wish to see
far, or near, as the case may be. Both
the reading and distance corrections are
combined in one lens. They develop
your memory as well as rapidity and
accuracy of vision, and are such a help
to the mind that you can EASILY
REMEMBER what you See, Read
or Study.
May erle ' s Glasses are absolutely guaranteed

GEORGE MAYERLE

Graduate Optician and Optometrist

Established 20 Years

960 MARKET ST., Sail Francisco

ppposite the Empress Theater

Mayerle's Eyewater Freshens

and Strengthens the Eye

At Druggists, 50c; by Mail, 65c.

Telephone Franklin 3279
Open Evenings by Appointment

Hotel Appleton

SAN FRANCISCO

Opened to the public May 1, 1915
Located in the heart of down
town San Francisco

A hotel of modern appoint
ments in every respect. Cafe
a la carte in connection.

Rates:

1 person, without bath, $1.00 up

2 persons, " 1.50 up

1 person, with bath.... 1.50 up

2 persons, .... 2.00 up

Cars pass door to Exposition

HOTEL APPLETON

240 O'FARRELL ST.
near Powell

L. B. FAUGHT, Prop.

The

Newhouse

Hotel

Salt Lake City's
Newest

400 rooms, fire-proof,

each room with a bath,

and an outside room

RATES

$1.50

AND UPWARDS

Beautifully furnished, ab
solutely first class in every
respect.

Open for business March
27, 1915

F. W. PAGET, Manager

149

Exhibits of the following firms are in the Palace of
Manufacturers

ACETYLENE— OXYGEN PROCESS

WELDING

Davis-Bournonville Apparatus

An active demonstration of this wonderful process can be seen at our exhibit booths
at the Collective Gas Exhibit in the Manufacturers Building.

Davis-Bournonville Acetylene-Oxygen Welding and Cutting Apparatus is celebrated
for efficiency and economy. Helpful co-operation and instructions are points of vital
interest to purchasers and this service is extended through all Davis-Bournonville
Branches.

In connection with our branch in San Francisco, we conduct an extensive custom
welding department where work in large variety is carried on and thus offering appara
tus purchasers practical experience under very favorable conditions.

METAL WELD COMPANY

19 to 25 Minna St. San Francisco

Representatives for DAVIS-BOURNONVILLE Co., Welding Apparatus and Supplier.

Manufacturers of ELECTROLYTIC OXYGEN for Welding and Cutting.
Our Custom Welding Department is completely equipped for all classes of work, in
cluding operators and equipment for outside work.

Full information at our exhibit or we will gladly forward same by mail on request.

ADVERTISEMENTS— Classified

Page Page

Foundry and Machinery. Grand Pacific Hotel, Chicago... 148

Bond Co., Chas ................ 131 Great Northern Hotel, Chicago. 129

Furniture. Hotel Adams, Oakland, back of

Ground Map ............... Insert

S. Karpen & Bros ............. 144 Berkeley> back

Heating and Lighting. of Ground Map ............ Insert

Utility Gas Appliance and Sales Hotel Crellin, Oakland, back of

Co . . ................ 138 Ground Map ............... Insert

Hotel Del Monte, Del Monte ____ 121

Hotels and Apartments. Hotel EHIg Oakland, back of

Antlers Hotel, Colorado Springs 137 Ground Map ............... Insert

Appleton ..................... 14,9 Hotel Harrison, Oakland, back

Bellevue-Stratford, Philadelphia 146 of Ground Map ........... .Insert

Blackstone, Chicago .......... 146 Hotel McAlpin, New York ...... 8

Berkeley Inn, Berkeley, back of Hotel Morse, Berkeley, back of

Ground Map ............... Insert Ground Map ............... Insert

Braemar Hotel, Berkeley, back Hotel Monteleone, New Orleans. 126

of Ground Map ............ Insert Hote] Qakland Oakland, back of

DUb"n Cany°n 135 Around Map ............... Insert

.. . ..

Fort Dearborn Hotel, Chicago.. 143 Hotel Jlaza' San Francisco.. 147

Golden West Hotel, San Fran- Hotel San Pabl°- Oakland, back

Cisco ....................... 148 of Ground Map ............ In««r t

ISO

The outside of the wonderful Palaces

of the

Panama-Pacific International Exposition

Are Painted with

L. & S.

Cement Paint

THE PAINT PRODUCTS CORPORATION

Sole Manufacturers

LAIRD & SINCLAIR
SHARON BUILDING Distributors SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.

IS THAT SO!

WELL ! The inside of these Palaces

were painted with a trainload of

28 cars of

BLENIO

FIREPROOF OILINE
PAINT

Manufactured only by

THE ADAMANT PAINT COMPANY

Office, 8 PINE ST., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.

Factory, WEST BERKELEY, CAL.
151

Paul Elder (2& Company

San Francisco Publisher

No. 239 Grant Avenue, San Francisco

Cor. Ave. D and 2nd St., Palace of Liberal Arts, P.P. I.E.

"DOOKS on California, San
^"^ Francisco and the Expo
sition. A few prominent
titles : " Nature and Science
on the Pacific Coast," "The
Art of the Exposition,"
" Bohemian San Francisco,"
"California the Beautiful,"
"The Old Spanish Missions
of California," "Yosemite
Flora," Etcetera, Etcetera.

Classified Catalogue on
Application

ADVERTISEMENTS— Classified

Page
Hotel Shattuck, Berkeley, back

of Ground Map Insert

Hotel Sherman, Chicago 141

Hotel St. Marks, Oakland, back

of Ground Map Insert

Hotel Touraine, Oakland, back

of Ground Map Insert

Inside Inn, Exposition Grounds. 136
Key Route Inn. Oakland, back of

Ground Map Insert

Menger Hotel, San Antonio 129

Newhouse Hotel, Salt Lake City 149

Nippon Mura, Los Gatos 131

Pacific Grove Hotel, Pacific

Grove 121

Rice Hotel, Houston 131

Savoy Hotel, Denver 137

St. Charles Hotel, New Orleans. 126
St. James Hotel, San Francisco. 155
St. Paul Hotel, St. Paul 129

Apartment*.

Castlewood, Oakland, back of
Ground Map Insert

Chesapeake, Berkeley, back of

Ground Map Insert

Laconla, Oakland, back of

Ground Map Insert

Lafayette, Berkeley, back of

Ground Map Insert

Peralta, Oakland, back of

Ground Map Insert

Industries

Balkan States, Exhibits 156

Instruments for the Deaf.

Little Gem Ear Phone 1

Insurance.
Prudential Insurance Co 139

Jewelers.

Radke Co .148

Walton & Company 153

Leather Belting.

Bond, Chas., & Co 131

Schieren, Chas. A., Co... . 158

OPPORTUNITIES IN WESTERN STATES— CALIFORNIA

CALIFORNIA STATE AND GOVERNMENT LANDS. Fine climate, fruit,
stock, health and wealth. Booklet, ten cents. Write California State Land
Information Bureau, Sacramento, California.

152

Machinery for Irrigation.

California Corrugated Culvert

Co 154

Western Gas Engine Corp 134

Manufacturers' Agents.

Parrott & Co 133

Milk.

Pacific Coast Condensed Milk

Co 160

United Milk Co 136

Mineral Waters

Castalian 156

Murals — Official Book.

Wahlgreen Co., Publishers .... 157

ADVERTISEMENTS— Classified
Page

Page

. 130

Musical Instruments.

Galleazzi & Sons, G

Opticians and Optical Goods.

Bausch & Lomb Optical Co 1

Mayerle, George 149

Oriental Bazaars.

Sing Fat Co 145

Paints, Oils and Varnish.

Adamant Paint Co 151

Fuller & Co., W. P 3

Hueter's 153

Laird & Sinclair 151

Portable Houses.

Lundy, A. L. & L. B

131

INTERESTING and INSTRUCTIVE

IS THE EXHIBIT OF

Hueter's Superior Varnishes

In the Northeast Corner of the Palace of Agriculture — P. P. I. E
Manufactured on the Pacific Coast since 1857

AWARDED GOLD MEDAL OF HONOR

lack

Gems totally different from all others — of radiant iridescent
beauty, the Black Opal stands pre-eminently the most magnifi
cent of all precious stones.

After enjoying the splendor of the Exposition visitors should
see the wonderful collection of precious Opals, conceded to be
the finest in the world, on display in the stores of

WALTON C& COMPANY

145 GRANT AVENUE
SAN FRANCISCO

348 SO. BROADWAY
LOS AN GELES

Also a collection of precious stones from California and all other
parts of the world — mounted in wonderfully odd settings peculiar
to these establishments — may be seen at these interesting stores,
where GENUINE ARTICLES ONLY are offered for sale.

153

ADVERTISEMENTS—Classified

Page Pag«

Power Transmission Machinery. Railways.

Bond Foundry & Machine Co.... 131 Nevada, California & Oregon

' ' ' ' ' ' '

<oin* oLtd 131 Pensylvana System . . . . . 128

Coupling Co., Ltd ............ 1 southern Pacific Ry ..... back cover

Precious Stones. Western Pacific Ry ............. 10

Radke ........................ 148 Real Estate.

Schorr Exhibit, A .............. 156 Calif. State Land information

Walton & Co .................. 153 Bureau ..................... 152

Publishers. Nevada California Oregon Ry. . . 144

T-,,, p ~ -D 1 -.ro Southern Pacific Lands ......... 155

w2^™ C°"nPaU™ ............. ^ Van Bokkelen Bros ............ 160

Wahlgreen Co., The ........... 11 Wooster Company ............. 130

Pumps— All Kind*. Refrigerators.

Bean Spray Pump Co ........... 144 Grand Rapids Refrigerator Co.. 125

IF You ARE INTERESTED IN

GOOD ROADS IRRIGATION

RAILROADS MINING

You should see in operation

Corrugated Road Culverts

Smooth Metal Flume : Automatic Flood Gates

Irrigation Gates,Tanks,Troughs, Etc.

and learn why the material of
which they are made

ARMCO IRON is Rust-Resisting

at Exhibit ', Palace of Mines and Metallurgy

7th St., bet. Avenues C and D

CALIFORNIA CORRUGATED CULVERT COMPANY

LOS ANGELES : WEST BERKELEY

Be Sure to Visit

THE CHINESE FOOD AND TEA PARLOR

Appetizing Chinese dishes prepared by experts in Oriental art.

Prices most reasonable.
Special 35, 50 and 65 cent lunches daily.

Try our Gold Medal Tea; it's sure to please you.
FOOD PRODUCTS PALACE Aves. B and C, 4th and 5th Sts

154

HOTEL ST. JAMES

VAN NESS AVENUE, CORNER FULTON
OPPOSITE THE CIVIC CENTER - - SAN FRANCISCO

NO ADVANCE IN RATES ON ACCOUNT OF EXPOSITION
#7.00 a Day

SPECIAL RATES BY THE WEEK
EDWIN SELIG, - - - Proprietor

MAKING MONEY FARMING

is a regular habit in Southern Pacific Districts.

SOUTHERN PACIFIC LANDS

for sale, suitable for fruits, grains and vegetables in desirable dis
tricts in California, Northern Nevada and Northwestern Utah. You
can have practically your choice of climate.

Lands for MIXED FARMING and STOCK RAISING in
Siskiyou Co., Calif., and Elko, Humboldt and Washoe Counties,
Nevada, at $2.50 to $12.50 per acre.

FRUIT AND GENERAL FARMING lands in Fresno Co.,
Calif., at $20.00 to $125.00 per acre.

ALFALFA, GRAIN AND FRUIT lands in Los Angeles, Kern
and San Bernardino Counties, Calif., at $15.00 to $50.00 per acre.

DATES, FIGS, GRAPES, ALFALFA, COTTON, etc., in the
EARLY CROP DISTRICT — Coachella Valley, Riverside Co.,
Calif., $40.00 to $125.00 per acre.

B. A. McALLASTER, Land Comm'r C. E. WANTLAND, Gen'l Sales Agt.

Offices: 801 Flood Bldg., San Francisco, Calif.
410 Grosse Bldg., Los Angeles, Calif.

Southern Pacific Building, Exposition Grounds, San Francisco

155

Castalian W a t e r

Nature's Remedy for stomach and kidney troubles. Effective for
diphtheria, quinsy sore throat, varicose veins and blood poisoning.

Not a Patent Medicine, but a Natural Mineral Water mined in Cali
fornia. Awarded the Highest Award at the California State Fair,
1880; Louisville Exposition, 1885; New York Fair, 1886-1888, and
Chicago Columbian Exposition, 1893.

Sold in All Drug Stores. Descriptive circular sent Free.

J. P. FORBES & CO. - ALAMEDA, CALIFORNIA

Free samples at exhibit, Food Products Palace, P. P. I. E.

San Francisco, 1915

ADVERTISEMENTS— Classified

Restaurants. Steamship Lines.

Chinese Food and Tea Parlor. . . 154 American Hawaiian S. S. Co 132

Golden Pheasant 130 Cunard Steamship Co 2

Holland America Line 134

American Coal Product- Co 157 ^^fT^^^^^. . . 132

Road Culverts. Toilet Articles.

California Corrugated Culvert Arlington Co., The 133

Company 154 Laughlin Fruit Refining Co 133

Road Machinery. Travelers' Checks.

Bacon & Co., Edward R 134 American Bankers' Assn 7

n'mf American Express Co 159

>ofs< Wells Fargo Company 138

Barrett Manufacturing Co 157 Typewriters

Saws and Tools. Remington Co., The . .' 5

Atkins & Co., E. C 1 Vacuum Cleaners.

Disston & Sons, Henry 128 Clements Mfg. Co 135

Sculpture — Official Book. Varnishes.

Wahlgreen Co., Publishers 157 Hueter's 153

Souvenirs "Water Meters.

Pant T Riinprt Q Neptune Meter Co 133

Pn Waterproofing Material.

Co 148 Ceresit Waterproofing Co 9

Sprayers — Hand and Power. Welding.

Bean Spray Pump Co 144 Metal Weld Co. . 150

™E Balkan States Exhibits

Palace of Varied Industries, Ave. A* and 6th Street

Showing the People in their native cos
tumes and wonderful industries

Headquarters, J5 Maiden Lane, New York City

THE A. Schorr Exhibit

Palace of Varied Industries, Avenue B* and 3rd Street

Fine Gem Black Opal Table,
Collection of American Pearls,
Precious Stones and Antique Jewelry

Headquarters, f 5 Maiden Lane, New York City

156

Make a Note to Visit the Exhibit of

Tarvia Roads

Tar-Rok Sub-Floors

Sulphate of Ammonia

Barrett's Coal Tar Pitches

Barrett Specification Roofs

Barrett's Grade One Liquid Creosote Oil

Everjet Paint — Velvex Creosote Shingle Stains

Roofing, Building and Sheathing Felts and Papers

Benzols, Toluols, Carbolic Acids, Disinfectants, Aniline

Dye Bases and other Coal Derived Chemicals

American Coal Products Company
Barrett Manufacturing Company

Ave. D and Seventh St. Mines and Metallurgy Bldg.

THE ONLY COMPLETE, OFFICIAL AND
APPROVED HANDBOOK on the SUBJECT

The Sculpture and Murals

OF THE

PANAMA-PACIFIC
INTERNATIONAL
EXPOSITION

By STELLA G. S. PERRY

Gives the location, symbolism, and meaning of all statuary
and mural paintings on the grounds, with information con
cerning the sculpture and artists.

Indispensable to a proper understanding and enjoyment of
the superb works of art which enrich the Exposition's
architecture.

On sale on the Grounds and at all ncwstands
PRICE 50 CENTS

Published by THE WAHLGREEN Co., Official Publishers
to the Panama-Pacific International Exposition

157

NATURES EXPOSITION

AND ALL -THE -YEAR
VACATION GROUND

R VISIT- SEE IT ALL

San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley and

Bay Region

Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys
Santa Clara, Pajaro and Salinas Valleys
Santa Cruz, Mountains and Big Trees
Del Monte and Monterey Bay Points
Byron, Paraiso, El Pajaro and Gilroy

Hot Springs
Yosemite National Park
Mariposa Big Tree Grove
Lake Tahoe and Sierra Region
Kings and Kern Rivers Canyons
Lake County Resorts and Springs
Paso Robles Hot Springs, Santa Barbara

and Coast Country
Los Angeles and its Beaches
Pasadena, Riverside and Redlands
Imperial and Coachella Valleys
Shasta Springs and Resorts
Klamath Lake Region and Crater Lake
Willamette, Umpqua and Rogue

River Valleys
Portland, Tacoma and Seattle

For Fares, Train Service and Descriptive Booklets inquire at Southern Pacif
Building, near Fillmore Street Entrance, Exposition Grounds, or at Ticket Office
in Flood Building, Palace Hotel, Third Street Stati j, Ferry Station, San Franciscj

SOUTHERN /PACIFIC!

THE EXPOSITION LINE-FIF IN SAFETY

RETURN CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT

TO— +• 202 Main Library

LOAN PERIOD 1
HOME USE

1°

ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS

Renewals and Recharges may be made 4 days prior to the due date.

Books may be Renewed by calling 642-3405.

DUE AS STAMPED BELOW

MAR 08 1994

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OCT 2 0 2000

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JAN 0 & lift

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REC.MOFFITT ^ J C

REC.CIRC.

JAN 0° 1835

JUH 1 ^ 2004

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JUN 1S 1995

MAY.Un2006

T^l^K 1 B ^u^

FORM NO. DD6

UNIVERSITY OFJf ALIFORNIA, BERKELEY
BERKEftr;CA

GENERAL LIBRARY - U.C. BERKELEY

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