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UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

.       .:•;..      •••:/•:: 


OFFICIAL  LETTER  BOOKS 


OF 


W.  C  C.  CLAIBORNE 

1801-1816 


EDITED   BY 

DUNBAR  ROWLAND,   B.  S.,  LL.  B.,  LL.  D. 

Director  Mississippi  Department  of  Archives  and  History,  Secretary 

Mississippi  Historical  Society,  Member  American 

Historical  Association 


VOLUME  V. 


JACKSON,  MISSISSIPPI 

Printed  for  the  State  Department  of  Archives  and  History 

1917 


DEMOCRAT    I'RINTINC,    COMPANY.    MADISON,    WISCONSIN 


F 


v,3 

LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE 

1809-1811 


To  Robert  Smith 

New  Orleans  Novr.  12th  1809. 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  Copies  of  letters 
(marked  No.  1  &  2)  I  have  addressed  to  the  Consuls  of 
the  U.  States  at  Havanah  and  Jamaica,  and  also  of  a 
Note  from  me,  to  Captain  Porter  (No.  3)  requesting  that 
if  the  public  service  permitted,  he  would  forward  these 
letters  by  an  Armed  Vessel  of  the  U.  States.—  -  Two  or 
three  vessels  from  the  City  of  Sto.  Domingo  via  Jamaica 
have  recently  arrived  in  the  Mississippi,  with  passengers 
and  some  slaves  on  board  and  others  are  expected.— 

Already  New-Orleans  and  its  vicinity  are  crowded 
with  the  unfortunate  Refugees  from  Cuba,  and  if  the 
French  of  St.  Domingo,  Jamaica  (&  perhaps  Guadaloupe, 
for  I  am  told  it  is  about  to  attacked)  should  also  seek  an 
asylum  here,  I  shall  deem  it  alike  unfortunate  for  them 
and  for  us;—  -  for  independent  of  political  considera- 
tions, this  society  will  be  totally  unable  to  furnish  con- 
veniences for  so  numerous  and  sudden  as  emigration,  or 
to  supply  the  wants  of  the  poor  and  distressed.  I  am 
particularly  desirous  to  discourage  the  Emigrants  from 
bringing  slaves  with  them.—  -  Motives  of  humanity  in- 
duced me  to  permit  the  Refugees  from  Cuba  to  land  their 
slaves,  but  this  indulgence  cannot  be  extended  much  far- 
ther, for  already  Sir,  it  is  represented  to  me,  that  Negro 's 
purchased  from  the  Jails  of  Jamaica,  have  been  smuggl- 


v— i 


302981 


'2  MISSISSIPPI     TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

od  in  to  the  Territory,  and  I  suspect  if  it  was  under- 
stood, that  Negro's  brought  by  the  French  of  Sto.  Do- 
mingo were  permitted  to  be  landed,  that  a  Negro  trade 
hither  would  be  immediately  commenced.—  -  These  con- 
siderations Sir,  induced  me  to  write  the  Letters  to  our 
Consuls  at  Havana!)  and  Jamaica,  and  I  hope  the  same 
will  be  approved  by  the  President.— 

Upon  the  subject  of  Newman  Letters,  the  statement 
marked  (A)  was  handed  me  on  this  morning  by  Mr.  Mis- 
sonnet,  and  is  the  only  information  I  have  received  since 
J  last  wrote  you.— 

Previous  to  my  departure  from  Attackapas,  I  had 
understood,  that  (Jovernor  Salcedo  of  St.  Antoine  (men- 
tioned by  Newman)  was  in  arrest;—  -  A  Citizen  in  whom 
T  could  confide,  assured  me,  lie  had  read  a  letter  from  a 
Gentleman  residing  near  St.  Antoine,  to  an  Inhabitant  of 
Opellousas,  in  which  it  was  stated  '"that  (iovernor  Sal- 
cedo was  arrested  and  the  Country  much  agitated;"  but 
no  further  information,  relative  to  this  arrest  has  reach- 
ed me. 

Colonel  Hopkins,  the  Adjutant  (ieneral  of  the  Terri- 
tory, in  whose  fidelity  and  discretion  1  have  great  confi- 
dence, being  on  the  point  of  seting  out  on  a  Tour  thro' 
the  Territory,  I  have  addressed  him  a  letter,  of  which 
the  enclosed  (B)  is  a  Copy;—  -  such  information  as  1 
may  receive  from  Colo:  Hopkins,  or  from  any  other 
source,  touching  the  project  alluded  to  in  the  letters  sign 
ed  Ki-ancis  Xewman  and  F.  N.  shall  be  communicated;  In 
the  mean  time  you  may  rely  on  my  vigilance. 

1  arrived  here  on  the  evening  of  the  Oth  Instant  in 
tolerable  Health  ;—  -  But  1  have  felt  so  unwell  on  yester- 
day and  this  morning,  that  T  fear,  I  have  returned  too 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  O 

early  to  the  City—    -  The  weather  continues  warm,  and 
I  suspect  dangerous  fevers  stil  prevail.— 
I  have  the  honor  to  be 
Sir, 

very  respectfully, 
yr :  hble  Servt. 

William  C.  C.  Claiborne. 
The  Honorable  ) 

Robert  Smith  ) 

Secy  of  State  ) 

P.  S.  I  enclose  you  two  communications,  marked  C. 
&  D.  from  Mr.  Deforgues,  the  French  Consul,  -  -  I  have 
acknowledged  their  receipt,  and  added  that  the  subjects 
to  which  they  are  related,  were  before  the  Judiciary,  and 
not  within  my  Controul.— 

In  order  however  that  you  might  be  informed  on  the 
business,  (for  judging  from  the  temper  manifested  by  the 
Consul,  I  presume  the  French  Minister  may  address  you 
on  this  occasion)  I  have  suggested  to  the  District  Atty, 
the  expediency  of  his  laying  before  you  a  Statement  of 
facts.—  -  As  relates  to  the  French  Armed  Vessel—  -  La 
Franchise,  she  was  brought  to  at  the  Fort  of  Plaque- 
mine,  and  the  French  Consul,  having  represented  to  me, 
that  she  was  in  distress—  -  I  requested  the  Major  Com- 
manding at  Plaquemine  to  permit  the  Vessel  to  pass  the 
Fort,  and  here  my  agency  in  this  affair  terminated.— 

W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  William  Savage 

New-Orleans,  November  10th  1809 
Sir, 

I  observe  by  the  Capitulation  of  Sto  Domingo,  that 
the  Inhabitants  have  permission,  to  remove  with  their 
effects,  within  a  limited  time,  and  believing  it  probable, 
that  many  may  be  inclined  to  emigrate  to  the  U.  States, 
I  will  thank  you  Sir,  to  inform  such  as  should  pass  by 


4  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

the  way  of  Jamaica,  that  it  is  advisable  for  them,  to 
seek  an  Asylum  elsewhere,  than  in  the  Territory  of  Or- 
leans, for  the  Refugees  from  Cuba,  who  have  arrived 
here,  are  so  numerous  as  to  be  embarrassing  to  our  own 
Citizens.—  -  New-Orleans  and  its  vicinity  are  crowded 
with  strangers;—  -  House  Rent  and  Provisions  are  ex- 
travagantly high,  families  of  limited  resources  find  them 
soon  exhausted,  and  the  number  of  the  poor  and  dis- 
tressed are  daily  augmenting.— 

Among  the  Refugees  from  Cuba,  were  many  free  peo- 
ple people  of  Colour;—  -  motives  of  humanity  induced 
us  to  receive  the  women  and  children ;—  -  But  all  males, 
above  the  age  of  fifteen,  have  in  pursuance  of  a  Terri- 
torial Law  been  ordered  to  depart.—  This  informa- 
tion, you  will  be  pleased  Sir,  to  use  whenever  the  occa- 
sion may  require,  and  it  will  I  hope,  tend  to  discourage 
free  people  of  Colour  of  every  description  from  emigrat- 
ing to  the  Territory  of  Orleans;—  AVe  have  at  this 
time  a  much  greater  proportion  of  that  kind  of  popula- 
tion than  comports  with  our  interests.— 

Two  vessels  arriving  hence  from  Sto  Domingo,  via 
Jamaica,  with  slaves  on  board  have  been  seized  and  will 
experience  all  the  rigour  of  the  Law.—  -  Congress  at  the 
last  Session,  passed  "An  Act  for  the  remission  of  cer- 
"tain  penalties  for  forfeitures  and  for  other  purposes." 

-  By  this  Act,  the  President  is  vested  with  authority 
to  remit  the  penalties  in  certain  cases,  which  had  accrued 
by  the  introduction   of  slaves   into  the  U.  States.     But 
the  Honorable   the   Secretary   of   State,  has   authorized 
me  to  inform  our  Consuls  and  Commercial  Agents,  that 
the  provisions  of  the  above  mentioned  Act  embrace  only 
Emigrants  coming  direct  from  Cuba  with  their  slaves; 

-  and  that  those  coming  from  other  foreign  Countries 
bringing  slaves  with  them,  will  be  subjected  to  the  pen- 
alties of  the  General  Law  prohibiting  the  introduction 
of  slaves  into  the  U.  States.—    -  This  information  may 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  0 

be  useful  to  the  owners  and  Captains  of  Vessels  depart- 
ing from  Jamaica  for  the  U.  States,  and  therefore  I  wish 
it  communicated  to  them;—  You  will  recollect,  that 
by  the  La\v  prohibiting  the  introduction  of  Slaves,  the 
vessel  introducing  them  is  forfeited,  and  the  Captain 
liable  to  fine  and  imprisonment.— 

From  the  state  of  the  War  in  the  West  Indies  and 
the  rapid  conquests  of  the  English,  it  is  not  improbable 
but  a  disposition  to  emigrate  to  the  U.  States  may  be- 
come very  general  among  the  French  Inhabitants,  and  I 
have  therefore  to  request  that  you  would  be  good  enough 
to  communicate  the  contents  of  this  letter  to  the  Consuls 
or  other  Agents  of  the  U.  States  residing  at  Guadaloupe, 
Martinique,  and  indeed  at  all  the  adjacent  Islands.— 
Lieutenant  Dexter  of  the  Navy  of  the  U.  States  Com- 
manding a  public  vessel  dispatched  for  the  purpose,  will 
present  you  this  Letter  and  I  must  ask  the  favour  of 
you  to  acknowledge  its  receipt.— 
I  am  Sir  &c— 

Signed/    William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
William  Savage  Esqr. 
Commercial  Agent  of 
the  U.  States  for  the 
Island  of  Jamaica. 


To  Vincent  Gray 

Xew-Orleans,  Novr.  10th  1809 
Sir, 

By  the  Act  of  Congress,  "for  the  remission  of  cer- 
tain penalties  and  forfeitures  and  for  other  purposes," 
which  was  forwarded  to  you,  under  cover  of  a  Letter  of 
the  4th  of  August  (and  of  which  Letter  a  duplicate  is 
herewith  enclosed)  you  will  perceive  that  the  power  of 
the  President  to  remit,  extends  only  to  Emigrants  coin- 
ing direct  from  Cuba,  witli  their  slaves,  and  then  only 
under  circumstances  which  seldom  occur, But  as 


6  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

regards  Emigrants  coming  from  other  Spanish  Colonies, 
and  bringing  slaves  with  them,  I  am  authorized  by  the 
Secretary  of  State,  to  inform  you,  that  they  will  sub- 
ject themselves  to  the  penalties  of  the  general  Law  pro- 
hibiting the  introduction  of  Slaves  into  the  U.  States.— 
This  information  I  will  thank  you  to  communicate  to  the 
Consuls  or  other  Agents  of  the  U.  States,  residing  at 
Spanish  Colonies,  from  whence  you  suppose  the  French 
Inhabitants  may  be  disposed  to  emigrate  to  the  U. 
States;—  -  If,  may  prove  particularly  useful  to  the  own- 
ers &  Captains  of  Vessels,  bound  from  a  Spanish  Colony, 
to  a  Port  in  the  U.  States ;—  -  for  you  will  recollect,  that 
by  the  Law  prohibiting  the  introduction  of  Slaves,  the 
vessel  bringing  them  is  forfeited,  and  the  Captain  liable 
to  fine  and  imprisonment.— 

I  have  the  honor  to  be.  Sir, 
with  great  respect. 

Your  humble  servant.— 
Signed       William  C.  C.  Claiborne. 
To 

Vincent  dray  Ks< it- 
Acting  as  Consul  for  the  V.  States 
At  llavanah. 


To  Cd]>l .  Porter 

NYw-Orleans,  Xovr.  10th  ISO!) 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  yon  two  Letters,  the  one 
to  Vincent  (irny  Ks<|r  who  1  understand  is  acting  Con- 
sul of  the  r.  States  at  th"  port  of  llavanah,  and  the 
other  to  William  Savage  Ksor,  who  I  learn  is  Commer- 
cial Agent  of  the  V.  States  for  the  Island  of  .Jamaica. 
These  communications  relate  to  a  subject  interesting  to 
the  U.  States,  and  as  no  private  opportunity  is  likely  to 
occur,  I  will  thank  you  (if  the  service  will  permit)  to 
forward  them,  with  all  convenient  dispatch  to  their 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF  W.   C.  C.   CLAIBORNE.  ( 

places  of  destination,  by  a  public  Vessel,  with  instruc- 
tions to  the  Captain  or  officer  Commanding  to  deliver 
them  in  person  to  the  above  named  Gentlemen.— 
I  have  the  honor  to  be  Sir, 

with  great  respect, 

yr :  hble  servt. 

Signed/     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Captain  Porter 

Comg  the  Navy  of  the 
U.  States  on  the 

New  Orleans  Station. 


To  Col.  Hopkins 

New-Orleans  10th  Novembre  1809 
Sir, 

Information  has  reached  me,  which  justifies  a  sus- 
picion, that  certain  persons  in  this  Territory  are  associ- 
ating and  confederating  together  with  designs  hostile 
to  the  Interest  and  Laws  of  the  U.  States.—  -  My  in- 
formation is  not  of  such  a  nature,  as  to  enable  me  to  de- 
cide with  certainty  as  to  the  existance  of  the  association, 
or  the  real  views  of  the  associates.—  -  But  the  primary 
object  is  supposed  to  be  the  rendering  of  Mexico  &  the 
Interior  provinces  independent  of  Spain,  nor  is  it 
thought  improbable,  but  it  may  also  be  in  contempla- 
tion to  attempt  the  severing  from  the  United  States  of 
the  District,  which  was  formerly  Louisiana. — 

Now  Sir,  as  your  official  Duties  as  adjutant  General, 
will  lead  you  to  visit  in  the  course  of  the  ensuing  fall 
and  winter,  the  several  Counties  of  the  Territory,  I  must 
•request  you  to  bear  in  mind,  the  suspicion  above  ex- 
pressed, and  early  to  communicate  to  me,  all  that  you 
may  see  or  hear,  that  may  tend  to  throw  light  upon  this 
subject.—  -  "If  the  Territories  of  the  United  States  arc 
aimed  at,  the  object  is  treasonable;  if  those  of  Spain, 
it  is  contrurv  to  Law."  In  either  case  therefore,  YOU 


8  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

will  be  in  the  faithful  discharge  of  your  duty  as  an  Of- 
ficer and  Citizen  by  uniting  your  efforts  with  mine  to  de- 
feat the  project,  if  indeed  one  shall  actually  exist.- — 

It  is  not  improbable,  but  during  your  stay  at  Nachi- 
toches,  you  may  fall  in  company  with  some  of  the  Span- 
ish Officers,  for  I  am  told  they  occasionally  visit  that 
port;—  In  this  event,  you  will  meet  my  wishes,  by 
availing  yourself  of  some  fit  occasion,  to  assure  them 
that  the  Government  of  the  U.  States,  will  continue  to 
adhere  to  that  fair  and  honest  neutrality,  which  has  for 
so  many  years  marked  its  conduct,  &  has  kept  it  from 
interfering  in  the  internal  affairs  of  any  foreign  Nation. 

By  addressing  you  this  Letter,  and  requesting  you 
from  time  to  time,  such  information  as  you  may  acquire 
on  the  subject  to  which  it  relates,  I  have  given  you  a 
proof  of  the  confidence  reposed  in  your  patriotism  and 
Discretion  by 

Dr  Sir, 

Your  mo :  obt.  Servt. 
William  C.  C.  Claiborne. 
Colo :  II.  Hopkins. 


To  Robert  Smith 

New-Orleans,  Xovr.  Kith.  ISO!) 
Sir, 

The  Civil  Suits  against  the  t\vo  Spaniards,  who 
handed  the  Letters  signed  "Francis  Newman"  and  F.  X. 
to  Mr.  Missonnet  are  still  pending,  and  it  has  been  at- 
tempted also  to  have  them  prosecuted  in  the  District 
Court  now  in  session  Tor  a  Libel  against  the  Government  : 
P>ut  M.  (Jrymes  lias  thought  proper  (after  consulting 
with  me)  to  decline  doing  so  for  the  present.—  There 
are  sonic  Citizens  who  believe  the  Letters  from  Xachi- 
toehes  forgeries:  But  my  present  impressions  are  other- 
wise.— -  Mr.  Missonnet  who  had  taken  three  Copies  of 
the  Letters  si'_ni"d  Francis  Newman  and  F.  X".  previous 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF  \V.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  9 

to  his  returning  the  Originals  to  the  person  who  handed 
them  to  him,  has  since  been  shewn  two  letters  from  Lieu- 
tenant Newman  to  a  friend  of  his  in  this  City,  and  he  is 
persuaded  that  the  hand  writing  is  the  same,  with  that 
of  the  Natchitoches  Letters;  he  noticed  particularly  the 
signature  "Francis  Newman",  and  assures  me,  he  could 
not  recollect  a  difference.  Mr.  Missonnet  has  acted  in 
this  affaire,  with  much  more  Integrity  than  discretion; 
-  had  he  retained  the  original  Letters  which  were 
handed  him,  and  given  less  publicity  to  their  contents, 
the  whole  truth  might  (perhaps)  have  been  easily  ac- 
quired, but  will  now  I  fear  be  attended  with  difficulty. 

I  promised  in  a  Letter  I  addressed  you  from  Attaka- 
pas  a  Copy  of  my  communication  to  the  Governor  Gen- 
eral of  Yucatan;  upon  examining  my  official  Journal  I 
find  I  had  addressed  him  two  Letters,  and  of  these, 
Copies  are  herewith  enclosed  No.  1  &  2. 

The  French  officers  from  St.  Domingo  of  whom  I 
made  mention  in  a  former  Letter  are  still  here, —  The 
City  Council  had  agreed  I  understand  to  advance  the 
sum  necessary  to  convey  them  to  New  York,  taking  Mr 
Deforgues'  Bills  on  the  French  Minister  for  the  amount. 
But  within  these  few  days  past,  some  Bills  which  Mr. 
Deforgues  had  drawn  on  the  French  Consul  General 
at  New  York,  have  been  returned  protested,  &  his  credit 
is  of  course  injured.—  -  I  suspect  however,  the  City 
Council  will  nevertheless,  be  induced  to  make  the  prom- 
ised advance.— 

I  had  written  thus  much,  when  Mr.  Hart,  a  Merchant 
of  this  City,  handed  me  a  letter  from  himself,  of  which 
the  enclosed  No.  3  is  a  Copy. —  Mr.  Hart  also  shewed 
me  a  Letter,  he  had  received  from  Laguna,  in  which  it 
was  stated,  that  the  Captain  &  Crew  of  a  Sloop,  (which 
Mr.  II  supposes  to  be  the  Margaret)  wrecked  near 
Laguna,  had  been  imprisoned  at  that  place.—  -  I  have 
therefore  again  thought  it  my  duty  to  address  a  letter  to 


10  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

the  Governor  General  of  Youcatan,  and  of  which  the  en- 
closed No.  4  is  a  Copy.— 

I  have  the  honor  to  be, 

Sir,  with  great  respect, 

yr :  hble  Servt. 
William  C.  C.  Claiborne. 
Tlie  Honble 

Robert  Smith 

Secy,  of  State.— 

17th  Xovr  1809. 

I  have  opened  this  Letter  to  inform  you,  that  William 
Brown  the  collector  lias  ran  off,  and  taken  with  him  a 
large  sum  of  the  Public  money.—  -  I  have  by  Letter 
given  the  particulars  to  the  Secy,  of  the  Treasury.—  -  1 
have  sent  in  pursuit  of  the  villain;  but  I  fear  he  will  not 
be  overtaken. 

AY.  C.  C.  C : 


To  Don  Benito  Perez 

Xew  Orleans,  November  Kith  1  « 


Sir. 

Having  this  day  received  information,  that  the  Super- 
cargo, Mr.  .John  Robert  Junior  <fc  the  Captain  and  Crew 
of  the  American  Schooner  Celestine  from  this  Port,  were 
stil  in  confinement  at  Lngunn,  under  an  impression  on 
the  part  of  the  Magistrates  of  that  place,  that  they  were 
connected  with  an  Expedition  which  was  Citing  out  at 
Xew  Orleans,  against  the  Spanish  Dominions—  -  I  am 
induced  to  enclose  your  Excellency  triplicate  Copies  of 
the  Letters  1  had  the  honor  to  address  you  under  date  of 
the  17th  and  19th  of  July  last.— 

Tt  is  also  rumoured  here,  that  the  Captain  &  Crew  of 
the  American  Sloop  "Margaret"  from  this  Port,  wrecked 
in  the  vicinity  of  Laguna,  have  been  confined  in  conse- 
quence of  the  supposed  hostile  preparations  at  Xew  Or- 
leans, against  the  Spanish  Provinces.—  -  These  occur- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         11 

rences  give  me  Sir,  the  most  sincere  regret,  and  I  trust 
your  Excellency  will  credit  the  assurances  I  again  give 
you,  that  no  expedition  is  preparing  at  New  Orleans 
against  the  Dominions  of  Spain,  or  those  of  any  other 
Power.—  -  The  Government  of  the  U.  States  desires 
Peace  with  all  the  world  &  will  (during  the  contest,  in 
which  most  of  the  Nations  of  the  earth  are  engaged)  con- 
tinue to  adhere  to  that  fair  and  honest  neutrality  which 

has  for  so  many  years  marked  its  conduct. 

I  offer  to  your  Excellency  the  assurances  of  my  great 
respect  and  high  consideration!— 

Signed/     William  C.  C.  Claiborne. 
His  Excellency 

Don  Benito  Perez 

Captain  General  of  Youcatan.— 


To  Don  Benito  Perez 

New.  Orleans,  July  17th  1809. 
Sir, 

It  has  been  represented  to  me  from  sources  entitled 
to  credit,  that  Reports  had  reached  your  Excellency,  that 
an  expedition  was  preparing  in  this  Territory  against 
the  Dominions  of  Spain,  &  that  several  persons  trading 
from  hence  to  Campeache  &  Laguna,  had  been  arrested 
under  a  suspicion  of  being  spies  in  the  pay  of  the  Ameri- 
can Government.— 

I  owe  it  to  truth,  to  assure  your  Excellency,  that  such 
Reports  are  altogether  unfounded;  there  is  no  expedi- 
tion preparing  in  this  Territory  against  the  Spanish  Do- 
minions, nor  is  there  any  thing  my  Government  more  de- 
sires than  to  maintain  with  Spain  the  most  friendly  un- 
derstanding.— 

As  relates  to  the  unfortunate  individuals,  who  runy 
be  in  arrest,  you  will  permit  me  to  say,  that  nothing  could 
be  more  unjust,  than  the  charge  that  they  are  spies  in 
the  service  of  the  American  Government. If  this  be 


12  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

the  only  charge  against  them,  I  pray  you  to  be  convinced 
of  their  innocence.— 

I  avail  myself  of  this  occasion,  to  tender  your  Ex- 
cellency, the  assurances  of  my  great  respect  and  high 
consideration.— 

Signed/    William  C.  C.  Claiborne. 
His  Excellency 

Don  Benito  Perez 

Capt.  Genl.  of  Youcatan.— 


To  Don  Benito  Peres 

New— Orleans,  July  19th  1809. 
Sir, 

Since  the  letter,  I  had  the  honor  to  address  to  your 
Excellency,  on  the  17—-  Instant,—  -  Captain  Vidal  has 
advised  me  of  the  arrest  at  Campeache  of  certain  In- 
dividuals trading  from  hence  to  that  place,  charged  with 
designs  hostile  to  the  Spanish  Government,  and  of  their 
subsequent  release  under  the  orders  of  your  Excellency. 

In  renewing  to  your  Excellency  as  I  now  do,  the  as- 
surances of  the  friendly  disposition  of  my  Government 
towards  Spain  and  her  Colonies,  I  cannot  but  express  a 
wish  to  learn  the  names  of  those  unworthy  men  residing 
in  this  City,  who  by  falsehoods  the  most  malicious, 
labour  to  disturb  that  good  understanding,  which  il  is 
the  interest  of  our  two  Nations  carefully  to  preserve.— 

I  pray  your  Excellency  to  be  convinced  of  my  great 
respect  &  High  consideration.— 

Signed/'     William  (\  C.  Claiborne. 
His  Excellency 

Don   IViiilo   IV re/, 

('apt.  Genl.  of  Yourntan. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  13 

New  Orleans  16th  Novr.  1809 
His  Excellency  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans. 

Sir, 

I  honoured  myself  by  addressing  your  Excellency  on 
the  17  July  last  acquainting  you  of  the  seizure  of  the 
Schooner  Celestine  &  her  Cargo  belonging  to  me  &  the 
Imprisonment  of  the  Supercargo  M-  John  Eobert  Junr 
the  Captain  &  Crew  all  Citizens  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  in  consequence  of  a  Letter  received  there  & 
supposed  to  be  written  by  a  person  in  this  City—  -  pur- 
porting the  arrival  of  an  expedition  here  destined  to  act 
against  the  Spanish  Possessions  &  I  entreated  your  Ex- 
cellency to  address  yourself  officially  to  the  proper 
authorities  at  Laguna—  -  in  contradiction  of  such  ne- 
farious reports  &  I  had  every  expectation  that  your 
representations  would  eventuate  in  the  restoration  of 
my  property  &  the  release  of  the  Supercargo  Captain  & 
Crew  of  the  Schooner  but  experiencing  a  dis-appoint- 
ment  (which  may  have  arisen  from  the  miscarriage  of 
your  Letters)  I  am  again  compelled  to  trouble  your  Ex- 
cellency as  an  opportunity  presents  itself  which  may  be 
depended  upon  for  the  carriage  of  any  further  repre- 
sentations which  you  may  see  fit  to  make  upon  this  sub- 
ject.  

I  have  the  honour  to  remain 

Your  very  obdt  Servt 

Jacob  v  Cart. 


To  Robert  Smith 

Xow-Orloans  Novr  18th  1809 
Duplicate/ 
Sir, 

While  I  was  at  Attackapas,  and  at  a  period  when  I 
was  very  unwell  with  a  fever,  I  received  from  the  De- 
partment of  State  a  Communication,  without  signature. 


14  MISSISSIPPI     TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

that  being  under  your  frank,  I  concluded  it  was  written 
in  conformity  to  your  Instructions. 

In  this  Letter,  I  was  advised  that  certain  writings  at- 
tributed to  Mr.  Thierry  (to  whom  I  committed  the  print- 
ing of  the  Laws  of  the  U.  States)  had  fallen  into  your 
hands,  and  were  viewed  of  "so  violent  and  disorganizing 
a  tendency,"  as  to  render  Mr  Thierry  unworthy  tin- 
patronage  of  the  Government,  and  I  was  requested  "with 
my  better  knowledge  of  Mr.  Thierry  and  other  printers 
in  New  Orleans,  again  to  make  the  appointment  from 
among  them,"  being  myself  responsible  for  the  choice." 
The  receipt  of  the  communication  was  immediately  ac- 
knowledged, accompanied  with  a  promise  to  give  you  on 
my  return  to  New  Orleans,  the  character  of  the  several 
Papers  printed  in  that  City,  as  also  that  of  their  Ed- 
itors;—  -  This  promise  I  shall  'now  perform,  and  it  will 
afford  me  pleasure,  if  you  would  select  yourself  the  pub- 
lic Printer,  altho'  T  fear  Sir,  you  will  find  it  somewhat 
difficult  to  make  a  choice,  which  will  be  altogether  pleas- 
ing to  you. 

1st  The  Orleans  (lazette  is  a  daily  paper  printed  in 
English  and  French;  It  was  formerly  edited  by  Bradford 
&  Anderson,  but  Hill  and  Bradford  are  now  (nominally 
at  least)  the  Proprietors  and  Editors:—  -  Mr  Bradford 
I  learn  is  still  employed  in  the  office,  and  is  supposed  to 
have  great  agency  in  conducting  the  paper.  Of  Mi1.  Hill 
I  know  nothing —  -  Mr  Anderson  is  a  native  of  the 
United  States,  and  by  profession  a  Printer;  I  believe 
him  to  be  a  young  man  of  fair  character,  but  of  very 
limited  Information. —  Mr.  Bradford  who  is  still  sup- 
posed to  have  the  principal  direction  of  the  paper,  pos- 
sesses (ienius,  but  is  wanting  in  Judg'menl  and  pru- 
dence;—  -  His  Father  is  a  very  worthy  and  n-spertabl" 
Citizen  of  Kentucky,  but  the  Son  has  not  profited  as 
(jreatly  as  could  have  beeu  id  shed  of  his  Fathers  exam- 
ple, and  Precept.  The  Orleans  (iazette  professes  Repub- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         15 

licanism,  but  for  the  last  18  months  has  given  no  proof 
thereof.—  -  The  great  Patrons  of  this  Paper  are  men 
unfriendly  to  the  Government,  and  I  consider  it  as  de- 
voted to  their  views. 

2nd  The  Louisiana  Gazette  is  printed  twice  a  week 
in  English:  It  is  an  avowed  Federal  Paper,  and  gen- 
erally copies  from  the  Northern  Gazettes  whatever  ap- 
pears most  congenial  with  the  spirit  of  Federalism  :— 
The  Editor  Mr  Mozery,  is  a  nativ—  -  American,  and 
enjoys  in  private  Life  a  fair  reputation :—  -  I  certainly 
very  much  dislike  the  politicks  of  this  paper,  but  I  deem 
it  more  deserving  of  support,  than  the  Orleans  Gazette. 

3rd  The  "Moniteur"  is  printed  twice  a  Week  and 
in  f rench  only. —  The  editor  Mr  Fontaine,  is  a  frenchman 
by  birth,  and  a  respectable,  worthy  man.  His  paper  has 
been  selected  by  me,  for  the  purpose  of  publishing  in 
French,  such  laws  of  the  Territory,  as  are  of  general 
Concern.  The  Moniteur  takes  no  part  in  the  politicks 
of  the  IT.  States. 

4th  The  "Louisiana  Courier"  is  published  three 
times  a  week  in  english  and  french.—  -  It  professes  to 
be  a  Republican  paper,  and  has  hitherto  evidenced  a  dis- 
position to  support  the  measures  of  Government.  This 
paper  is  edited  my  Messrs  Thierry  &  Dacqueny.  Mr. 
Thierry  is  a  native  of  France,  and  came  to  this  Terri- 
tory I  believe,  in  the  year  1804;—  -  He  has  been  well 
educated,  possesses  much  acquired  information,  and  is 
said  to  write  with  great  elegance  in  his  native  language. 
There  are  Individuals  who  attack  Mr.  Thierry's 
private  Character,  but  many  citizens  speak  of  him  in 
friendly  terms,  and  represent  him  to  be  a  man  of  In- 
tegrity.— -  Several  years  since,  perhaps  in  1804-0  there 
appeared  in  a  paper  called  the  "Telegraph"  several 
pieces  of  a  violent  and  disorganizing  tendency,  and  all 
of  which  have  since  been  attributed  to  Mr  Thierry- 
He  acknowledges  to  have  written  some  of  them:  but 


16  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

says  the  greater  part  of  those  productions  expressed  the 
sentiments  of  the  Editor  of  the  Telegraph  and  not  his 
own;  that  they  were  only  submitted  to  him  previous  to 
publication  for  correction  as  to  stile;—  -  Whether  this 
was,  or  was  not  the  case,  I  cannot  say; —  But  I  should 
be  unjust  to  Mr  Thierry,  were  I  not  to  state,  that  since 
he  has  become  himself  an  Editor,  he  has  manifested  a 
friendly  disposition  towards  the  American  Government. 
Mr  Dackqueny  is  also  a  frenchman  by  birth,  last  from 
South  Carolina ;  he  has  a  wife  and  several  children,  and 
is  esteemed  an  industrious,  inoffensive  man,—  -  he  at- 
tends I  am  told  only  to  the  printing  of  the  paper.— 

5th  The  "Telegraph"  is  printed  three  times  a  week 
in  french  and  english.  It  does  not  take  an  active  part  in 
the  politicks  either  of  the  General  or  local  government; 
but  is  considered  as  an  opposition  paper,  and  is  the  one, 
in  which  the  exceptionable  writings  attributed  to  Mr 
Thierry  were  published.  The  Telegraph  is  edited  by  Mr 
Bellungy  a  native  of  France.— 

6th  The  "Lanterne  Majicale"  is  printed  once  a 
week—  -  It  is  the  vehicle  of  the  most  vulgar  abuse  of 
the  officers  and  friends  of  the  government,  and  is  edited 
nominally  by  a  frenchman  of  the  name  of  "Daudet." 

7th  There  was  lately  a  daily  paper  called  the  Echo 
printed  in  french  and  English,  but  has  been  discon- 
tinued.— There  is  also  a  Spanish  paper,  published  T 
understand  once  a  week,  edited  by  I  know  not  whom.— 

The  "Monitcur"  has  a  limited  circulation,  and  being 
published  only  in  French  is  not  taken  by  the  Citizens 
whose  native  language  is  English:  so  also  the  Louisiana 
Gazette  being  published  only  in  English  does  not  circu- 
late among  the  Citi/ens  whose  native  Language  is 
French.—  -  The  Louisiand  Conrricr —  Orleans  Gaxette — 
and  Telegraph  are  subscribed  for  by  both  descriptions 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  17 

of  citizens.—    -  The  first  is  understood  to  have  the  most 
extensive  circulation.1 

As  regards  European  politicks  the  Louisiana  Cour- 
rier  and  Telegraph  appear  to  take  great  Interest  in  the 
successes  of  Bonaparte  the  Orleans  Gazette,  and  the 
Louisiana  Gazette,  manifest  a  Bias  in  favour  of  England 
and  her  allies.— 

I  have  the  honor  to  be 
Sir, 

With  great  respect 
The  Honble  yr  hble  Sevrt 

Mr  Smith  William  C.  C.  Claiborne. 

Secy,  of  State. 
P.  S. 

Since  writing  the  above,  I  have  seen  the  prospectus 
of  a  news  paper  to  be  called  "The  friend  of  the  Laws," 
which  I  enclose  you.  You  will  observe  that  the  Editor  is 
a  frenchman;  I  neither  know  his  person,  character,  or 
by  what  Interest  his  paper  is  to  be  supported.  I  have 
not  seen  the  number  which  was  promised  on  the  IGth 
Instant,  nor  do  I  believe  it  has  made  its  appearance.— 
But  I  understand  "The  friend  of  the  Laws"  will  cer- 
tainly be  published.— 

W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  Robert  Smith 

New  Orleans,  November  26th  1801). 
Sir, 

I  have  had  an  interview,  with  Captain  (late  Lieuten- 
ant) Francis  Newman  of  the  army,  and  now  enclose  you 
his  answers  to  severel  questions,  which  I  proposed  to 
him,  touching  the  Letters  from  Nachitoches  signed 
' '  Francis  Newman  £  F.  N. ' '  -  Captain  Newman  thro ' 
out  the  whole  examination,  betrayed  evident  confusion— 
But  I  did  not  consider  it  as  arisina,1  from  a  Consciousness 


1  The  number  of  papers  for  a  city  like  New  Orleans  is  unusual. 
V— 2 


18  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

of  Guilt;—  -  He  is  naturally  a  diffident  man,  and  the 
situation  in  which  these  Letters  (altho'  they  may  be  for- 
geries) place  him,  is  calculated  to  excite  in  his  breast  un- 
pleasant sensations.—  The  Civil  process  against  the 
two  Spaniards,  of  which  I  have  informed  you  will  be 
tried,  I  understand,  in  12  or  14  days,  and  it  is  not  im- 
probable, but  some  light  may  then  be  thrown  on  this  (at 
present)  misterious  transaction.— 

There  is  no  longer  room  to  doubt  the  villainy  of 
AYilliam  Brown  the  Collector;  he  arrived  at  the  Balize, 
on  board  of  the  Vessel  called  the  Kingston  on  the  after- 
noon of  the  16th  Instant,  and  having  obtained  a  Pilot, 
put  to  sea  on  the  same  evening.— 
I  have  the  honor  to  be 

with  groat  respect, 

yr :  mo :  obt.  Servt 

The  Honble  )  William  (\  C.  Clmborne. 

Mr.  Smith  ) 

Secv  of  State   ) 


N en-man  Statement 
New  Orleans  November  24th  1800. 

On  this  day  I  the  undersigned  Francis  Newman  at 
present  a  Captain  in  the  army  of  the  U.  States;  attended 
at  the  Government  House,  at  the  request  of  Governor 
Claiborne,  and  to  the  following  questions  which  wen- 
put  to  me  by  the  Governor,  I  returned  the  annexed  an- 
swers.— 

Question — AVere   you   stationed   at   Natchitoches   on    th<' 
1st  of  May  1809? 

Answer — I  believe  I  arrived  at   Nachitoches  from    Fort 
Adams  about  the  last  of  April  1800. 

Question — AVere  you  at  Nachitoches  on  the  10th  of  May 
1800.  and  the  20th  July  1800. 
Answer  T  was.— 
Question — Is  there  any  relationship  Ix-twecn  yours*  !f.  £ 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  19 

a  Mr.  Joseph  Soils  of  New  Orleans,  or  between  Mrs. 
Newman  &  Mr.  Soils? 

Answer — There  is  between  Mrs.  Newman  &  Mr.  Soils  :— 
a  gentleman  of  the  name  of  Soils,  is  the  uncle  of  Mrs. 
Newman ; 

Question — has  that  Gentleman  a  son? 
Answrer — Several. 

Question — has  he  one  of  the  name  of  Joseph? 
Answer — He  has. 

Question — Had  you  asked  leave  of  absence  from  Nachi- 
toches,  during  the  last  summer? 

Answer — Two  years  ago,  I  asked  leave  of  absence,  but  at 
no  time  during  the  summer  of  1809. 
Question — Was  leave  of  absence  granted? 
Answer — It  was  not.     My  object  in  asking  leave  of  ab- 
sence was,  to  convey  my  family  from  New  Orleans  to 
Nachitoches? 

Question — Is  the  mother  of  Mrs.  Newman  dead,  &  at 
what  period,  did  you  hear  of  her  death,  &  when  did  you 
communicate  this  event  to  your  lady? 
Answer — She  is  dead,  &  I  believe  died  in  October  1808.— 
In  December  of  the  same  year,  or  the  month  of  January 
following,  I  received  information  from  Lieutenant  Lanc- 
uville,  that  her  death  was  reported —  But  in  March  Lieu- 
tenant Night  brought  me  Letters  from  the  family,  which 
confirmed  the  former  intelligence,  &  I  immediately  com- 
municated it  to  Mrs.  Newman. 

Question — Can  you  speak  and  write  the  french  Lan- 
guage ? 

Answer.— I  can  speak  the  French  Language  &  write  it 
imperfectly. 

Question — Do  you   recollect  writing   a   Letter  to   n   Mr. 
Solis  at  any  time  during  the  months  of  May  or  July  last  ? 
Answer — I  never  wrote  a  letter  in  my  life,  to  any  person 
of  the  name  of  Solis. 
Question — Have  you  seen  a  paper,  purporting  to  be  a 


20  •  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

copy  of  a  Letter,  from  Francis  Newman,  to  a  Mr.  Joseph 
Soils  fils,  at  New  Orleans,  and  dated  at  Nachitoches  1st 
May? 

Answer — I  have  seen  such  a  paper  on  this  morning,  & 
never  before.— 

Question — Did  you  write  the  letter  of  which  the  paper 
you  have  seen  is  said  to  be  a  Copy? 

Answer — I  did  not,  &  I  repeat  that  I  never  had  a  corres- 
pondence of  any  kind  witli  Joseph  Solis  fils  or  any  other 
person  of  the  name  of  Solis. 

Question — Did  you  write1  the  two  letters  signed  F.  X. 
dated  Nachitoches  19th  May  1809  &  20th  July  1809,  of 
which  the  paper  I  have  shown  you  is  said  to  be  a  Copy  ? 
Answer — I  did  not. 

Question — Have  you  any  knowledge  of  a  Correspondence 
between  Governor  Salcedo,  of  the  Provinces  of  Techas, 
and  certain  Persons  in  New  Orleans? 
Answer — I  have  no  knowledge  of  a  correspondence  be- 
tween Governor  Salcedo,  &  any  person  whatever. 
Question — Have  you  any  knowledge  of  a  Plan  for  the 
revolutionizing  of  the  Spanish   Provinces? 
Answer,  none  whatever. 

Question.    Did  you  ever  learn,  that  it  had  been  proposed 
to  any  one  or  more  officers  of  the  army  to  unite  in  a  pro- 
ject to  effect  the  Independence  of  Mexico? 
An  s  w  ( •  r — X  ever. 

Question — By  whom  were  you  ordered  to  this  City? 
Answer — By  Lieutenant  Colo:  Freeman  in —  conformity 
to  the  orders  of  General  Wilkinson. 
Question — Fpon  what  business  were  you  ordered  here'? 
Answer — The  order  itself  to  me,  will  explain—    -  It  is  in 
the  following  words.— 

Fort  Claiborne  f)th  November  1809. 
Sir, 

I  have  received  orders  from  General  Wilkinson  dated 
the  27"  of  last  month,  to  send  vou  immediately  to  Xew 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         21 

Orleans,  as  a  witness  in  a  Case  which  deeply  effects  your 
your  character. —  Certain  letters  said  to  be  written  by 
you,  &  signed  with  your  name,  to  a  Mr.  Solis  a  kinsman  to 
your  wife  have  been  detected  in  which  the  Government 
and  several  military  men,  are  charged  with  being  con- 
cerned in  a  meditated  attack  in  the  Mexican  Provinces. 
You  will  therefore  go  from  hence  on  Tomorrow  morning 
&  proceed  to  New  Orleans  by  the  shortest  route  and  with- 
out the  least  delay.  On  your  arrival  there,  you  will  call 
on  A.  L.  Duncan  Esqr.  the  Prosecutor  in  this  case,  who 
has  required  your  presence. 

I  am  with  great  esteem 
Sir, 

Your  humble  Servt. 

Const ;  Freeman 
Lieut :  Colo :  Acte  Comd. 
directed  to 

Captain  Francis  Newman 

Question.  Having  denied  writing  the  letters  to  Joseph 
Solis,  which  bear  the  signature  of  Francis  Newman"  & 
F.  N.  I  have  now  to  ask  you  if  you  know  or  suspect  by 
whom  these  Letters  were  written  and  with  what  motive? 
Answer —  It  is  not  in  my  power  to  return  an  answer  to 
the  above  question. —  I  have  no  information  respecting 
it— 

F.  Newman 


New  Orleans  3  Dec  09 
Sir, 

Mrs  Claiborne  was  seized  with  a  malignant  fever  on 
the  22  and  died  on  the  29  Ulto  her  loss  is  deeply  la- 
mented by  all  her  acquaintances. 

This  melancholy  circumstance  has  induced  the  Gov- 
ernor to  leave  the  Citv  he  will  be  absent  for  a  short  time 


22  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

If  in  the  interim  any  thing  interesting  to  the  public  oc- 
curs you  shall  be  duly  informed 
I  have  the  honor  to  be 
very  respectfully 
yo  ob  st 

J.  B.  Robertson. 


To  Robert  Smith 

New  Orleans  Deer.  31st  1809 
Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  2nd  Instant  (enclosing  an  Extract 
from  a  communication  sent  to  you  by  one  of  the  Spanisli 
Consuls)  has  been  received. —  I  have  taken  Sir,  such 
means  as  were  in  my  power  to  ascertain  the  truth  of  the 
various  reports  which  were  afloat,  that  certain  persons  in 
this  Territory,  had  combined  together  for  the  purpose  of 
effecting  a  Revolution  in  the  Spanish  Provinces ;  but  have 
as  yet  acquired  no  satisfactory  proof  upon  the  subject. 
I  nevertheless  am  not  without  my  suspicions  that  there 
may  be  some  foundation  for  these  Reports;  and  you  may 
therefore  Sir  be  assured  of  my  continued  vigilance,  and 
that  I  shall  use  my  best  exertions  to  prevent  as  well  as 
to  suppress  any  illegal  combinations. — My  Communica- 
tion of  the  11"  November  informed  you  of  my  own  im- 
pressions relative  to  the  letters  signed  Francis  Newman 
&  V.  N.  but  that  by  others,  they  were  thought  to  be  for- 
geries. On  the  11"  of  Nov.  I  transmitted  you  a  copy  of 
certain  Instructions  I  had  given  to  Colonel  Hopkins,  who 
in  his  character  as  Adjutant  General,  was  about  making 
a  tour  of  the  Territory,  and  under  cover  of  a  Letter  bear- 
ing date  the  of  November,  I  forwarded  you  the  Re- 
sult of  Captain  Newman's  examination  before  me. —  In 
a  Letter  Avhich  Colo  Hopkins  has  addressed  me,  dated 
Lafourche  Nov.  23rd  1809  he  says—  "I  have  had  a  noc- 
"turnal  interview  with  two  person  residing  at  this  place, 
"one  by  the  name  of  Hopkins,  a  Kinsman  of  C.  Taylor, 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         23 

"and  reported  to  be  the  natural  son  of  Colonel  Burr;— 
"The  other  Doctor  Savage  the  Brother  in  Law  of  Ed- 
"ward  Livingston.  From  these  men  I  obtained  the  fol- 
lowing information, —  Burr  was  never  ordered  from 
"Englend —  Burr  would  have  received  an  appointment 
"in  the  Revolutionary  Army  of  Spain,  if  his  want  of  a 
"knowledge  of  the  Language  had  not  been  an  obstacle  :— 
"Burr  among  other  enterprises  in  person,  with  four  hun- 
"dred  men,  was  to  encamp  in  the  Spanish  Dominions,  and 
"before  the  feeble  (?)  Government  of  Spain  could  re- 
"move  them,  they  would  be  joined  by  twenty  thousand 
"  of  the  most  brave  and  enterprising  men  men  of  the 
"United  States;"  -  We  have  in  this  Territory  many 
persons  of  similar  characters  to  Hopkins  &  Savage  (!), 
and  whose  frequent  conversations  as  to  the  facility  of 
revolutionizing  Mexico  are  calculated  to  excite  the  people 
to  Jealousy  of  our  neighbors.  I  apprised  you  in  one  of 
my  communications,  that  civil  suits  had  been  commenced 
against  the  two  Spaniards,  who  handed  in  the  Letters 
purporting  to  be  from  Americans  to  Mr.  Missonnet  ;— 
These  are  still  depending —  But  it  seems  that  Soils  to 
whom  the  Letters  were  directed  was  prosecuted  the  other 
day  by  a  Grand  Jury  for  a  Libel  against  the  Government 
&  has  since  been  tried  and  acquitted.  At  the  trial  which 
was  had  before  the  Superior  Court  of  the  Territory,  the 
original  Letters  were  not  produced,  (they  were  said  to 
have  been  destroyed  by  Solis)  but  afterwards  on  his  oath 
denied  transmitting  them—  There  are  persons  who  yet 
believe  Newman  wrote  the  Letters;  but  do  not  attach 
credit  to  their  contents.—  -  There  are  others  who  believe 
them  to  have  been  counterfeited,  with  a  design  to  injure 
the  Spaniards  mentioned  ( —  ?  — )  and  had  together  with 
other  Letters  containing  like  falsehoods,  been  transmit- 
ted to  the  Spanish  Provinces  by  certain  crowds  of  Span- 
iards residing  in  Xew  Orleans  with  a  view  of  exciting 
the  Jealousy  of  the  Spanish  Government  against  the 


24  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Americans,  and  thus  to  prevent  them  from  participating 

in  the  Spanish  ( —  1  — ). 

The  Honble  I  am  Sir,  with  great  respect 

Mr.  Smith  Your  Most  Obt  Servt, 

Secy  of  State  William  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Robert  Smith 

New  Orleans, 
March  30th  1810. 
Sir, 

Since  my  Letter  of  the  25th  Inst.  the  person  styling 
himself  the  owner  of  the  French  Corsaire  Le  Due  de 
Montebello,  has  solicited  the  interference  of  the  Civil 
Authority;  a  copy  of  his  petition  (on  oath)  to  the  Hon- 
orable Joshua  Lewis,  one  of  the  Superior  Judges  of  this 
Territory,  and  on  the  Judge's  Order  for  the  Sheriff,  to 
take  into  his  possession,  the  Privateer,  called  the  Due  de 
Montebello  and  the  Cargo,  &  to  hold  the  same  subject  to 
the  further  orders  of  the  Court,  are  herewith  enclosed 
marked  (A)—  The  Sheriff  lias  gone  to  the  Balize,  &  I 
take  it  for  granted,  that  no  opposition  will  be  made  to 
the  execution  of  the  Judges  order.— 

I  also  enclose  you  Copies  of  a  Letter  to  me  from  the 
French  Consul,  of  the  process  verbal  of  the  Crew  of  the 
Montebello  and  of  the  answer,  which  I  have  returned 
to  Mr  Del'orgues,  marked  B.  C.  £  I). —  Commodore  Por- 
ter is  now  at  the  Balize ; — On  his  return,  he  will  no 
doubt  forward  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  further  ex- 
planations of  this  affair,  and  which  will  I  hope  place  it  in 
a  more  favorable  point  of  view. 

You  will  observe  by  my  Letter  of  the  25th  that  I  had 
no  agency  in  this  Business  "Until  the  District  Attorney 
Mr.  (Jrymes  had  inforced  me  that  he  should  not  libel 
the  vessel  and  until  Captain  Carroll  the  naval  officer 
in  command  in  the  absence  of  Mr.  Porter  had  further 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         25 

advised  me,  that  he  should  direct  her  release ; —  I  then 
issued  the  order  for  the  Montebello  not  to  pass  the  Fort 
of  Plaquemine,  &  to  be  permitted  to  receive  her  supplies 
&ca.  As  a  measure  of  Police,  no  foreign  armed  ves- 
sel is  permitted  to  pass  the  Fort  of  Plaquemine,  with- 
out permission  of  the  Governor, —  &  I  was  desirous  to 
enforce  this  Rule  on  the  present  &  on  all  Similar  occa- 
sions, as  the  best  means  of  preventing  foreign  armed 
vessels  from  Smuggling  Goods  on  shore,  of  discouraging 
the  desertion  of  their  Crew,  and  preventing  any  Collision 
between  these  foreigners  and  the  Inhabitants  or  the  au- 
thorities of  this  Territory; —  In  further  explanation  of 
the  part  I  have  acted  in  this  affair,  it  may  be  proper  to 
add,  that  I  had  designed,  so  soon  as  the  Montebello  had 
received  the  Supplies  &  the  repairs  she  had  required,  to 
have  ordered  her  to  depart  the  waters  of  the  United 
States. —  I  was  induced  to  issue  the  second  order  for  the 
Montebello  to  pass  the  Fort,  as  well  from  the  consider- 
ation mentioned  in  the  order  itself,  as  from  a  wish  ex- 
pressed to  me  by  the  Collector  of  the  District,  that  the 
business  should  take  that  course.— 

In  consequence  of  the  intimation  given  me  by  Commo- 
dore Porter,  that  an  attack  was  meditated  by  the  French 
Armed  vessels  on  the  Shipping  at  Pensacola  or  Amelia 
Island,  and  desirous  of  taking  ever}*  means  in  my  power, 
to  ascertain,  whether  if  this  attack  was  in  contempla- 
tion, there  were  any  Inhabitants  of  this  Territory  aid- 
ing and  abetting  therein,  I  addressed  a  Letter  on  the 
Subject  to  the  Mayor  of  New  Orleans  of  which  the  paper 
marked  E  is  a  Copy,  &  received  the  answer  marked  F.— 

As  preparatory  to  my  departure  for  the  United 
States,  I  set  out  on  Tomorrow  on  a  visit  to  Xatchez —  I 
Expect  to  return  to  New  Orleans  in  the  course  of  four- 
teen days.  During  my  absence,  there  is  nothing  of  any 
importance  likely  to  occur  except  the  affair  of  the  Monte- 


26  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

bello,  &  that  vessel  will  perhaps,  not  have  ascended  the 
river  to  this  Port ;  previous  to  my  return.— 

I  have  the  honor  to  be, 
Sir, 

AVith  great  respect 

The  Honble  Your  most  obt  Servt 

Mr.  Smith  William  C.  C.  Clalbonic. 

Secv  of  State. 


Petition 

To  the  Honorable  Joshua  Lewis  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans.  The  Peti- 
tion of  Ange  Michel  Brouard,  a  subject  of  the  Emperor 
of  France  now  at  New  Orleans.  Humbly  sheweth. 

That  your  Petitioner  is  the  owner  of  a  certain  French 
Privateer,  called  the  Duke  of  Montebello  which  was 
forced  by  distress  to  put  into  this  Port  in  the  beginning 
of  this  month. 

That  on  his  arrival  at  new  Orleans  your  petitioner  did 
fulfil  faithfully  all  the  formalities  which  the  Laws  of  Na- 
tions and  the  Laws  of  the  United  States  required  of  him, 
by  presenting  to  the  constituted  authorities  the  papers 
of  the  said  vessel  and  furnishing  them  satisfactory 
proofs  of  the  necessity  which  compelled  the  said  vessel 
to  put  into  this  Port:  That  in  consequence  thereof  your 
petitoiner  obtained,  as  well  from  his  Excellency  the  Gov- 
ernor of  this  Territory  as  from  Captain  Carroll  then 
commandant  of  this  Station  pro-tempore,  the  necessary 
authorization  for  getting  his  said  vessel  repaired,  tak- 
ing provisions  and  going  out  of  the  Mississippi.  That 
after  having  been  repaired,  and  having  taken  in  the 
provisions  which  she  wanted,  the  said  vessel  proceeded 
down  the  River,  and  was  preparing  to  get  under  way, 
when  on  the  Twenty  first  instant,  being  then  moored  at 
the  Balise  inside  yet  of  the  pass,  she  was  boarded  by  a 
bodv  of  about  sixtv  or  seventv  armed  men,  having  at 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  27 

their  head  one  Captain  Reid  of  the  United  States  Bomb 
Ketch  Vesuvius,  who  declaring  himself  to  act  by  order 
of  Commodore  David  Porter,  took  possession  by  force 
of  arms  of  the  said  French  Privateer  the  Duke  of  Monte- 
bello,  and  of  every  thing  on  board  of  her  and  still  holds 
possession  of  the  same,  and  as  your  petitioner  is  in- 
formed, plundered  the  said  vessel  &  committed  every  out- 
rage against  the  people  on  board.  That  your  petitioner, 
so  soon  as  these  news  reached  him,  called  on  Commodore 
Porter  and  complianed  to  him  of  this  unheard  of  act  of 
violence,  but  that  the  said  Porter  answered  him  that  it 
was  by  his  order  that  the  Duke  of  Montebello  had  been 
taken  possession  of,  and  that  he  intended  to  send  her  to 
Washington  City.  And  your  petitioner  further  states 
that  he  has  every  reason  to  apprehend  that  the  said  Por- 
ter will  immediately  carry  his  threats  into  effect,  regard- 
less of  the  irreparable  losses  which  he  would  thereby  oc- 
casion to  your  Petitioner.  And  as  your  Petitioner  be- 
lieves that  the  said  Porter's  conduct  is  an  act  of  arbi- 
trary violence  unsupported  by  any  lawful  authorization, 
since  there  exists  in  this  Territory  Courts  of  Justice  ap- 
pointed by  the  Government  of  the  United  States  to  take 
cognizance  of  all  infractions  to  their  Laws,  to  which 
Courts  your  Petitioner  has  ever  been  ready  to  submit 
himself. 

Your  Petitioner  therefore  humbly  prays  that  the  said 
Porter  may  be  compelled  by  the  usual  process  to  appear 
before  your  honorable  Court  and  that  he  may  be  decreed 
to  restore  him  the  possession  of  his  Schooner  Privateer 
the  Duke  of  Montebello,  and  to  pay  him  the  sum  of  Ten 
Thousand  dollars  damages  or  such  other  sum  as  to  this 
honorable  Court  shall  seem  a  just  indemnity  for  the  loss 
and  injury  which  he  has  caused  to  your  petitioner  and 
that  in  the  mean  time  the  schooner  Duke  of  Montebello 
may  be  put  into  the  custody  of  the  Sheriff  of  this  Court 
&  by  him  kept  subject  to  his  orders  and  that  your  peti- 


28  MISSISSIPPI     TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

tioner  may  receive  such  other  and  further  relief  as  the 
nature  of  this  case  may  require.  And  your  Petitioner, 
as  in  duty  bound,  will  ever  pray  &c. 

P.  Derbigny 
Atty  for  Plaintiff 

Ange  Michel  Brouard,  the  above  Petitioner, 
maketh  oath,  that  the  material  facts  contained 
in  the  foregoing  petition  are  true  to  the  best  of 
his  knowledge  and  belief 

A.  M.  B-rouard 

sworn  before  me  at  New7  Orleans 
this  26th  day  of  march  1810 
Missonnet 

Jue  de  Paix. 

"It  is  ordered  that  the  Sheriff  take  into  his 
"custody  the  within  mentioned  Privateer  called 
"the  Duke  of  Montebello  and  her  Cargo,  and 
"that  he  safely  keep  said  Privateer  and  cargo 
"subject  to  the  further  order  of  the  Court 

March  26th  1810 

Joshua  Lewis. 

I  hereby  Certify  that  the  foregoing  Petition. 
Affidavit  and  order  of  the  Judge  are  true  copies 
of  the  originals  on  file  in  my  office. 

MAKTIN  GORDON,  CLK. 


To  Ike  French 

Xew —  Orleans, 

March  30th  1S10. 
Sir, 

I  have  received  and  read  with  attention  your  Letter 
of  the  29 —  Instant:  and  also  the  process  verbal  which 
it  enclosed,  relative  to  the  seizure  by  Commodore  Porter 
of  the  French  Corsaire  Le  Due  de  Montebello,  and  the 
conduct  observed  towards  the  Captain  and  Crow  of  that 
Vessel. —  Commodore  Porter  being  rendered  entirelv 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  29 

independent  of  my  orders  or  Controul,  it  only  remains 
for  me  to  lay  your  Communications  before  the  President 
of  the  United  States. —  The  transaction  at  the  Balize  as 
detailed  in  the  process  verbal,  will  I  assure  you,  be  dis- 
approved by  my  Government; —  It  is  alike  opposed  to 
the  American  Character,  and  to  that  correct  Deport- 
ment which  the  President  requires  of  all  his  officers;— 
But  the  old  maxim  ''Audi  Alteram  Partern"  at  all  times 
proper,  is  particularly  so,  on  the  present  occasion,  and 
in  the  mean  time  justice  demands  that  our  opinions 
should  be  suspended.— 

I  am  pleased  to  learn,  that  you  did  not  credit  the 
report,  that  Commodore  Porter  was  about  carrying  the 
Montebello  with  her  rich  Cargo  to  Jamaica; —  The  high 
standing  of  that  officer  forbids  any  idea  of  that  kind.— 

I  have  the  honor  to  be 
Sir, 

with  great  respect, 

yr:  Hble  Servt.- 
AVilliam  C.  C.  Claiborne 
To  Mr  Deforgues, 
French  Consul, 
New  Orleans. 


To  the  Mayor 

New  Orleans,  January  27th  1810. 
Sir, 

It  has  been  communicated  to  me,  that  a  number  of 
persons  principally  Frenchmen  had  departed  from  this 
City,  and  proceeded  towards  the  Balize —  Will  you  be 
kind  enough  to  inform  me,  whether  this  movement  has 
come  to  your  knowledge,  and  if  so.  what  you  suppose  to 
be  the  object  of  it,  and  whether  among  the  Party,  there 
are  any  Citizens  of  the  IT.  States. —  I  wish  this  informa- 
tion, because  it  has  been  hinted  to  me,  that  there  are 
several  french  armed  vessels  hovering  on  our  Coast,  and 


30  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

that  an  attack  by  them,  is  contemplated  on  the  shipping 
at  Pensacola  or  Amelia  Island.—  This  attack  is  of  no 
further  consequence  to  me,  than  to  take  care  that  it  is 
not  begun  "or  set  on  foot  in  the  Territory  of  the  U. 
States,  and  that  no  Citizen  of  this  Territory  be  aiding  & 
abetting  therein. 

I  am  Sir, 
very  respectfully, 

yr:  hble  Servt. 
William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble 
Mr.   Mather, 
Mayor  of 

New  Orleans. 


Extract  of  a  Letter  from  the  Mayor  of  the  City  of 
New  Orleans,  dated  March  28th  1810,  to  His  Excellency 
"William  C.  C.  Claiborne  Governor  of  the  Territory  of 
Orleans.— 
Sir, 

In  answer  to  your  Excellency's  Communication  of 
this  day,  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  the  following,  rela- 
tive to  those  persons  who  have,  (within  my  knowledge) 
embarked,  at  this  Port  since  the  beginning  of  this  month. 

I  find  that  thirty-four  persons,  whereof  more  than 
one  half  are  men  of  Color,  applied  to  me  during  that 
period  for  passport  to  go  as  passengers  in  the  Schooner 
Lenora,  Captain  John  Aline,  bound  to  St.  Bartholomew; 
they  stated  at  the  same  time,  that  Captain  Aline  would 
not  take  them  on  board  without  a  pass. 

From  their  answers,  I  understood  that  they  wore  nut 

Citizens  of  the  U.  States;  that  they  had   resided  in  this 

Territory  but  seven  or  eight  months;  and  were  leaving 

the  Country,  as  they  could  find  in  it  no  means  to  subsist. 

-  I  granted  passports  to  twenty  nine  of  the  said   per- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         31 

sons;  the  other  five  being  mulattoes  (one  only  excepted) 
went  off  without,  as  I  suppose,  because  they  could  not 
prove  their  freedom. 

I  have  no  further  knowledge  of  what  relates  to  the 
said  persons ;  but  I  entertain  no  doubt  that  your  Excel- 
lency will  be  more  fully  informed  by  the  officers  com- 
manding the  Forts  below,  or  the  Station  at  the  Balize.— 


To  William  Wy~koff 

Washington  City,  June  14t  1810. 
Dear  Sir, 

By  the  last  accounts  from  Spain,  it  would  seem  that 
all  hopes  of  successful  resistance  to  Bonaparte,  were  at 
an  end.—  The  Supreme  Junta  was  dissolved. —  Cadis, 
the  last  hold  of  the  Patriots  besieged,  &  there  it  was,  that 
a  little  local  committee  exercised  the  only  authority  main- 
tained on  the  Peninsula,  in  the  name  of  Ferdinand. 
Carraccas  lias  I  find,  already  made  a  movement  towards 
Independence,  &  it  is  not  improbable,  but  the  neighbor- 
ing Provinces  may  be  disposed  to  follow  the  example.— 

You  know,  that  under  the  Louisiana  Convention,  we 
claim  as  far  eastwardly  as  the  Perdido.—  That  claim 
never  has,  and  never  will  I  trust  be  abandoned —  But  I 
am  persuaded  under  present  circumstances,  it  would  be 
more  pleasing  that  the  taking  possession  of  the  Coun- 
try, be  preceded  by  a  Request  from  the  Inhabitants.— 
Can  no  means  be  devised  to  obtain  such  Request? 

The  time  may  arrive,  perhaps  it  has  arrived,  when 
the  People  of  Florida,  must  adopt  measures  with  a  view 
to  their  present  and  future  security.—  If  Spain  has 
yielded  (as  is  believed)  to  Bonaparte,  the  People  of  Flor- 
ida will  be  assailed  by  a  Host  of  Intriguers. —  There  will 
perhaps  be  a  French  party  and  an  English  party,  and  a 
Party  who  would  wish  to  set  up  for  themselves ! —  But 
I  hope  the  good  Inhabitants,  the  honest  Cultivators  of 
the  Soil  will  unite, —  silence  the  factions,  and  adopt  the. 


32  MISSISSIPPI     TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Policy  which  their  best  interests  advise. — To  form  for 
themselves  an  independent  Government  is  out  of  the 
question!  \Yaving  other  considerations,  the  paucity  of 
their  numbers,  their  insular  situation,  and  circumscribed 
Limits  i'orbid  the  Idea; —  A  connection  with  France  is 
opposed  by  all  their  honest  prejudices  and  would  he  at- 
tended with  Ruin,  and  as  to  the  protection  of  Great  Brit- 
ain, it  could  not  Tail  to  prove  to  them  a  Curse,  for  dur- 
ing the  contest,  with  the  I'nited  States,  which  in  that  case 
might  ensue,  Florida  would  he  the  Seat  of  \\  ar,  and  its 
entire  conquest  could  not  be  protracted  beyond  a  few 
months. —  But  the  Line  of  Conduct  which  honest  1'olicy 
points  out,  cannot  be  mistaken.  Nature  has  decreed 
the  I'nion  of  Florida  with  the  1'nited  States,  and  the 
welfare  of  the  Inhabitants  imperiously  demands  it. 
From  the  position  of  the  District  it  is  indeed  impossible, 
that  it  could  for  any  length  of  time,  remain  detached  ;-- 
But  to  enlarge  is  useless.  1  now  recollect  that  when  we 
last  conversed  upon  this  subject,  our  wishes,  our  senti- 
ments, were  in  union  and  therefore  it  is,  that  I  with  the 
more  confidence  invite  you  to  loose  no  time  in  sounding 
the  r/r/r;  <>f  the  most  influential  of  your  Neighbors  on 
the  opposite  Shore,  and  in  giving  to  tlicin  a  right  direc- 
tion. 

Your  friends  and  acquaintances  Mr.  Mickey,  Mr  (!. 
Mattier  senr  Colonel  Fulton.  Mr.  Liuley,  Mr  Duval  of 
the  plains,  Mr  \Vm  Ban-on,  Captain  Percey,  Captain 
McDermot.  M  r  Short  of  the  (ierman  Settlement,  Mr. 
Brown  of  Ticfaw.  and  many  others  who  are  known  to 
you,  have  much  at  stake,  and  should  take  decided  meas- 
ures:—  All  or  most  of  these  Gentlemen,  it  is  desirable 
you  should  see  as  soon  as  possible; —  Impress  upon  their 
minds  the  importance  of  the  Crisis; —  the  expediency  of 
scouting  every  tiling  like  French  or  Fnglish  Influence, 
and  assure  them,  I  pray  you,  of  the  friendly  disposition 
of  the  American  Government.  I  am  aware  that  among 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBQRNE.         33 

the  Settlers  of  Florida,  there  are  persons,  who  during 
the  American  War  were  disaffected  to  the  United  States, 
and  who  probably,  may  feel  some  uneasiness  at  falling 
under  the  American  Government.  It  may  be  well  to 
quiet  their  apprehensions  by  informing  them,  that  the 
transactions  of  that  day,  will  not  be  remembered  to  their 
injury;  that  the  present  is  a  fit  occasion  to  return  to  the 
Bosom  of  their  Country,  and  if  embraced  with  Cordial- 
ity, the  prodigal  Son  mentioned  in  holy  writ  did  not 
meet  a  more  heartfelt  welcome,  than  they  would  experi- 
ence from  the  American  family. — 

The  most  elligible  means  of  obtaining  an  expression 
of  the  wish  of  the  Inhabitants  of  Florida,  can  best  be 
determined  by  themselves. —  But  were  it  done,  thro'  the 
medium  of  a  Convention  of  Delegates,  named  by  the 
People,  it  would  be  more  satisfactory. —  In  the  event, 
that  a  Convention  is  called,  it  is  important  that  every 
part  of  the  District  as  far  at  least  as  the  Perdido  be  rep- 
resented, and  therefore  I  feel  solicitous,  that  you  should 
be  at  some  pains  to  prepare  for  the  occasion  the  minds 
of  the  more  influential  characters  in  the  vicinity  of  Mo- 
bile.—  Whether  this  can  best  be  done,  by  yourself  in  per- 
son, or  by  some  Citizen  of  Baton  Rouge  in  your  confi- 
dence, is  left  to  your  discretion. 

You  will  consider  this  Letter  as  confidential,  and  in 
pursuing  the  object  referred  to,  you  will  act  with  all  the 
circumspection  which  its  nature  requires. 

You  will  be  pleased  Sir,  early  to  acknowledge  the  re- 
ceipt ot  this  Communication,  and  to  address  your  Let- 
ter, and  such  other  Letters  as  you  may  write  me,  to 
Washington  City  where  I  shall  probably  continue  until 
the  last  of  October. 

To  your  Dispatches  to  me,  your  Signature  may  be 
omitted,  if  you  should  deem  such  precaution  necessary. 

In  case  you  should  visit  the  interior  of  Florida,  you 

v— 3 


34  MISSISSIPPI     TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

\vill  keep  an  account  of  your  personal  expences,  which 
shall  be  remunerated. 

With  sincere  esteem, 

I  am  l)r  Sir, 
Your  mot  obt  Sect 
William  C1.  C.  Clail)orne. 
Colonel  William  Wykoff  junr 
Opposite  Baton  Rouge, 
Territory  of  Orleans. 


To  Robert  Smith 

Winchester  30h  October  1810-  On  Tuesday, 

at  12  o'clock  P.  M. 
Bear  Sir, 

T  have  this  moment  arrived  at  this  place/  and  shall 
in  one  hour  continue  my  journey. '- 

My  Health  is  excellent,  and  I  do  not  (for  the  present) 
feel  the  least  fatigued.  It  may  be  advisable  to  forward 
the  pardon  for  the  Deserters  by  the  next  mail: —  I  cal- 
culate on  reaching  Natchez  on  the  2<>th  of  next  Month.— 
Accept  Sir,  assurances  of  my  great  respect  and  sin- 
cere esteem.— 

AVilliam  C1.  ('.  Claiborne. 
The  Honble 
Mr.  Smith 
Secv  of  State.— 


To  Ilolrrt  Smitli. 

(No.  1)  Near  Xatchex  Deer  1st  1810. 

Sir, 

f  arrived  here  early  on  this  morning,  and  lost  no 
time  in  communicating  to  f}i>rrni'>r  Holme*  the  orders 
of  tlic  I'resiilent  :  and  in  advising  v.itli  him  as  to  the  best 

1  riaiborne  was  returning  from  a  trip  to  Washington.  D.  C. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         35 

means  of  carrying  the  same  into  immediate  effect.1  He 
accorded  with  me  in  opinion  that  a  great  majority  of  the 
Inhabitants  of  the  District  of  Baton  Rouge,  would  re- 
ceive with  pleasure  the  american  authorities, —  But  to 
guard  against  the  intrigues  of  certain  individuals,  be- 
lieved to  be  hostile  to  the  United  States,  and  of  a  few 
adventurers  from  the  Territories  of  Orleans  and  Missis- 
sippi of  desperate  character  and  fortunes,  who  have 
lately  joined  the  convention  army,  it  was  advisable  to 
order  a  Detachment  of  Troops  to  descend  the  River  close 
in  my  rear,  and  to  place  the  whole  effective  force  in  this 
Territory  in  a  situation  to  move  at  a  moment's  warning, 
&  to  be  used  hereafter  as  the  occasion  may  require.  I 
have  accordingly  addressed  to  Colonel  Covington  a  let- 
ter of  which  the  enclosed  is  a  copy.— 

In  the  meantime  the  proclamation  of  the  president  is 
in  the  hands  of  the  printer ;-  and  I  am  making  other  nec- 
sary  preparations  to  depart  myself  in  the  morning  of 
the  3rd  instant.  In  descending  the  River  I  shall  call  at 
Fort  Adams,  from  whence  I  shall  dispatch  messengers  to 
Florida,  with  instructions  to  distribute  the  president's 
proclamation,  to  ascertain  the  general  sentiments  of  the 
people,  and  particularly  of  their  Leaders ;  and  to  report 
to  me  at  such  times  and  places  as  shall  be  specially 
named.— 

I  should  have  requested  Colonel  Covington  to  detach 
for  immediate  service  a  large  detachment,  but  the  means 
of  transportation  at  present  provided,  would  not  accom- 
modate a  greater  number,  and  it  was  thought  expedient 
by  Govr  Holmes  and  myself  that  I  should  proceed  with- 

1  Claiborne  was  authorized  to  take  possession  of  West  Florida  to  em- 
phasize the  contention  that  it  was  a  part  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase, 
Mississippi  Territory  was  the  real  successor  of  West  Florida,  and  tc 
have  maintained  the  old  geographical  and  historical  lines  would  have 
been  the  logical  thing  to  do. 

2  Proclamation  of  October  27,  1810. 


3G  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

out  delay  to  Baton  Rouge,  and  that  a  force  should  im- 
mediately follow  inc.— 

I  have  the  honor  to  be 
Sir, 

Yr.  most  ob:  Servant 

William  (.'.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble. 
Mr.  Smith 
Seev.  of  State. 


To  Col.  Covinyton 

Near  Natchez  Deer.  1.  1810 
Sir, 

Availing  myself  of  the  authority,  vested  in  me  by  the 
president  of  the  United  States,  and  of  which  you  are  ad- 
vised, in  the  orders  of  the  Secretary  at  War,  under  date 
of  the  27.  October,  you  will  detach  for  immediate  service 
under  the  command  of  a  proper  officer  from  two  hundred 
and  fifty  to  three  hundred  effective  men  (including  a  de- 
tachment of  light  artillerists  with  two  field  pieces)  with 
instructions  to  the  commanding  officer  to  proceed  with- 
out delay  to  the  post  of  Point  Ooupie,  and  then  to  halt 
until  he  shall  be  informed  by  me  of  "the  point  or  sta- 
tion", within  the  District  of  Baton  Rouge  which  he  is  to 
occupy.  It  is  expected  that  this  detachment  will  move 
on  the  morning  of  the  )>rd  instant,  and  that  the  (Jun 
Boats  now  lying  in  the  Harbour  of  Xatche/  will  be  em- 
ployed as  a  means  of  transportation.— 

As  it  is  very  possible  a  large  force  may  be  necessary, 
to  effect  the  views  of  the  president  with  respect  to  Flor- 
ida, I  must  require  of  you  to  take  immediate  measures  to 
follow  (on  the  shortest  notice)  with  your  whole  effective 
force  "leaving  a  detachment  sufficient  to  furnish  the  nec- 
essary guards  at  the  cantonments,"  and  that  for  this 
purpose  if  the  public  means  of  transportation  are  deemed 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         37 

inadequate,  you  will  lose  no  time  in  purchasing  up  the 
boats  of  the  Country.— 

( A  line  missing.) 

a  Barge  and  Crew  be  in  readiness  at  Fort  Adams  to  re- 
ceive me;  I  have  further  to  request  that  you  would  de- 
tail two  subaltern  officers  to  accompany  me  from  that 
place.— 

I  am  Sir, 
With  great  respect 

Yr.  most  Ob:  Servant 
(Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
To  Col :  L.  Covington 

Commanding  the  U.  S.  Troops 
near  the  Town  of  Washington 
Mississippi  Territory. 


To  Robert  Smith 

(No  2)  Near  Natchez  Dec.  2.  1810. 

Sir, 

Since  my  letter  of  yesterday,  I  have  received  infor- 
mation that  a  Spanish  force  from  Le  Vera  Cruix  was 
daily  expected  at  Pensacola; —  that  the  Fort  of  Mobile 
(which  was  garrisoned  by  about  two  hundred  regular 
Troops)  was  invested  by  two  or  three  hundred  armed 
Citizens  led  on  by  a  Mr.  Kennedy  late  of  the  Mississippi 
Territory,  and  Mr.  Reuben  Kemper  not  long  since  an  in- 
habitant of  Orleans;1  that  several  Volunteer  Companies 
from  the  vicinity  of  Baton  Rouge  had  marched  to  their 
aid;  and  that  Mr.  Shipworth  acting  as  Governor  of 
Florida,  and  other  persons  in  the  exercise  of  authority 
there  were  actively  employed  in  levying  and  embodying 
Troops.  I  do  not  know  how  far  the  report  of  a  rein- 
forcement from  Le  Vera  Cruix  may  be  relied  on —  but 
the  other  information  is  for  the  most  part  believed  cor- 

1  Reuben  Kemper   to  convention   of  West  Florida   Nov.    9,   1810,   in 
West  Florida  Papers,  Library  of  Congress,  Manuscripts  Division. 

302981 


38  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

rect,  and  has  (in  the  opinion  of  Govr.  Holmes  and  my- 
self) rendered  it  expedient  that  I  should  be  followed  to 
Baton  Rouge,  by  a  more  formidable  force  than  I  at  first 
contemplated.  I  have  accordingly  addressed  to  Col : 
Covington  a  letter  of  which  the  enclosed  marked  (A)  is 
a  Copy.— 

On  conversing  with  some  intelligent  Citizens  here, 
who  are  intimately  acquainted  with  many  of  the  influ- 
ential characters  of  the  convention  party,  I  find  an  opin- 
ion prevails,  that  however  anxious  a  majority  of  the 
people  may  be,  to  be  recognized  as  a  part  of  the  Ameri- 
can family,  yet  some  of  their  Leaders  will  not  be  dis- 
posed to  acknowledge  the  authority  of  the  Government 
of  the  United  States,  but  upon  certain  previous  condi- 
tions.—  among  which  will  be,  an  assumption  of  the  debts 
contracted  by  the  Convention,  and  a  Sanction  of  nil  tin1 
.SY//P.S'  of  Ia)ids  made  by  the  former  Spanish,  (if/oils:  No 
terms  however  can  be  countenanced,  much  less  acceded 
to  by  me.  The  people  are  promised  "to  be  protected  in 
their  liberty,  property  and  Religion,"  which  is  all  they 
can  reasonably  desire. '- 

1  am  Sir, 
The  Honble.  AYith  great  respect 

^Ir.  Smith  yr.  Ob:  Servant 

Secv.  of  State  William  ('.  ('.  ('laibor)ir 


To  Col.  Covhif/ton 

(A)  Near  Xatche/,  ilud   December  1S1D. 

Sir. 

In  consequence  of  information  received  on  last  even- 
ing. I  deem  it  my  duty  to  require  of  you  to  detach  for 
immediate  service,  a  much  larger  force,  than  was  called 
for  in  mv  letter  of  vesterdav.-  -  T  have  therefore  to  rc- 


1  Petition  of  the  inhabitants  of  West  Florida  covering  the  adjust- 
ments of  land  claims  in  West  Florida  I'apers,  Library  of  Congress, 
Manuscripts  Division. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE. 

quest  that  from  seven  to  eight  hundred  men  be  embark- 
ed at  Natchez,  with  all  possible  dispatch,  and  that  they 
descend  the  Mississippi  to  the  post  of  Point  Cupie,  there 
to  await  further  instructions. —  It  is  my  wish  however 
that  at  least  two  hundred  &  fifty  or  as  many  more,  as 
your  means  of  transportation  will  admit  of,  be  embark- 
ed on  tomorrow,  with  orders  to  descend  to  the  above 
named  Post  of  Point  Cupie  without  delay.— 
I  have  the  honor  to  be  very 
Eespectfully 

Your  most  Servt 
William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Colo.  L.  Covington, 

Commanding  U.  States  Troops, 
near  Washington. 


To  Robert  Smith 

(No.  3.) 

Natchez  Deer  3,  1810 
Sir, 

I  received  on  this  morning  a  letter  from  Col :  Cov- 
ington, of  which  the  enclosed  (No.  1)  is  a  copy,  and  re- 
turned the  answer  (No.  2).  A  letter  lias  also  been  ad- 
dressed to  the  Commanding  Officer  at  Fort  Stoddart,  of 
which  (No.  3)  is  a  copy. 

I  set  out  early  on  Tomorrow,  and  will  in  the  course 
of  the  day  be  followed,  by  the  advanced  detachment  ;— 
The  residue  of  the  force  required,  will  descend  as  soon 
.as  means  of  transportation  are  provided,  which  it  is  ex- 
pected will  not  be  delayed  longer  than  four  or  five  days. 
Govr  Holmes  will  on  tomorrow  issue  orders,  to  the  offi- 
cers commanding  the  several  corps  of  the  Mississippi 
militia  detailed  for  duty,  to  hold  themselves  in  readiness 
for  immediate  service;  and  has  promised  to  meet  me  in 
a  few  days  opposite  to  St.  Francisville,  or  at  Baton 


40  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Rouge,  whore  (acting  under  all  the  advantages  of  local 
information)  we  may  the  better  determine  on  further 
measures  and  particularly  as  to  the  expediency  of  call- 
ing into  the  fields  a  co-operating  Militia  force.— 

I  am  deeply  impressed  with  the  delicacy, —  the  im- 
portance of  the  operation  before  me,  and  you  may  rely 
on  my  discretion.  The  instructions  of  the  president, 
will  be  held  continually  in  view,  and  in  obeying  them  you 
may  be  assured  that  no  blood  will  be  shed,  if  it  can  pos- 
sibly be  avoided.1- 

I  have  the  honor  to  be 
Sir, 
with  great  respect 

Yr.  Ob :  servant. 
William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Ilonble 
Mr.  Smith 

vSecretarv  of  State. 


To  Col.  Gushing 

Natchez  Deer  3.  1S10. 
Sir, 

You  have  enclosed  one  hundred  copies  of  a  proclama- 
tion by  the  president  of  the  United  States,  which  you 
will  be  pleased  without  delay  to  have  distributed  among 
the  inhabitants  residing  below  the  boundary  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi Territory,  and  west  of  the  River  IVrdido.'-'- 

It  may  happen  that  in  executing  the  orders  of  the 
president,  I  may  require  your  Zealous  and  active  cooper- 
ation:—  But  on  this  point  I  shall  write  you  particularly 
from  Baton  Rouge —  In  the  meantime  I  advise  and  re- 

1  Orders  of  (lov.  David  Holmes  in  his  Letter  book  in  the  Mississippi 
Department  of  Archives  and  History. 

-  Ref'T  to  American  State  Papers,  Foreign,  11.  f>11,  ."ill.  <»:"!(],  ill.  :;!»4. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         41 

quest  that  you  would  place  your  whole  effective  force 
in  a  situation  to  act  on  a  moment's  warning.— 

I  am  Sir, 

with  great  respect 
To  Col:  Gushing  yr.  Ob.  Servant 

or  the  Officer       (Signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Commanding  at  Fort  Stoddart. 


From  Col.  Covington 

(Copy)  Cantonment  Washington 

2nd  Deer  1810. 
Sir, 

In  pursuance  of  your  requisition  of  this  day,  the 
whole  of  the  troops  of  my  command  shall  be  put  in  mo- 
tion as  soon  as  possible,  and  as  many  as  our  present 
means  of  Transportation  will  allow  of  shall  be  embarked 
tomorrow  if  the  weather  will  possibly  permit. —  It  may 
not  however  be  improper  to  inform  you,  that  the  troops 
will  move  under  many  disadvantages  resulting  from 
want  of  Tents,  Knapsacks  and  some  other  articles  of 
camp-Equipage.— 

I  have  the  honor  to  be 

respectfully  yr.  Ob:  hum:  Servant 

(Signed)     Leo.  Covington  Col.  Comd. 
(Turn  over) 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  the  Comdt.  of 
the  Gun  Vessels  at  Nachez  will  have  a  boat  ready  to  con- 
duct you  to  Fort  Adams,  as  you  wish.— 

Most  respectfully 
(signed)     Leo.  Covington 

Col.  Comdt. 


To  Col.  Coviiif/tou 

(X.  2)  Near  Xatchez  Deer  3.  1810. 

Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  receipt  of  your  let- 
ter of  yesterday,  and  am  pleased  to  learn  that  you  are 
making  the  necessary  arrangements  for  the  speedy 


42  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

movement  of  the  troops.  It  gives  me  sincere  regret  to 
hear  that  there  is  a  deficiency  in  Tents,  Knapsacks,  and 
other  articles  of  Camp  Equipage. —  Tents  and  Knap- 
sacks are  essential  to  the  comfort  of  the  troops,  and  in- 
deed the  nature  of  the  service  will  probably  render  them 
indispensable.  I  hope  therefore  that  as  far  as  may  be 
practicable,  the  deficiency  in  this  part  of  your  Camp- 
Kquipage  will  (under  your  orders)  be  supplied. 

I  am  Sir, 

very  respectfully 

Yr  Obt.  Servant 
(signed)     Win.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Col :  Covington 


From  Col.  Sparks 

Fort  Stoddart  Dec.  1(1. 
Sir, 

The  packet  containing  your  communication  of  the  3rd 
Instant  and  the  copies  of  the  president's  proclamation 
were  duly  handed  me  by  Col :  James  Caller,  and  the  lat- 
ter immediately  distributed  agreable  to  your  requests, 
below  the  boundary  of  the  Mississippi  Territory. 

I  enclosed  to  his  Excellency  Z.  Folch  the  proclama- 
tion in  answer  to  which  I  received  a  letter  a  copy  of 
which  you  have  enclosed,  and  which  I  viewed  as  adding 
force  to  your  request,  that  my  effective  force  might  be 
placed  in  a  situation  to  act  at  a  moment's  warning; 
which  together  with  the  necessary  orders  for  placing  the 
militia  in  the  same  situation,  I  beg  you  to  rest  assured, 
will  meet  with  prompt  attention. 

Should  my  cooperation  be  called  for,  I  hope  you  will 
find  it  not  less  Zealous  than  it  has  been  for  ////>///  i/car* 
past —  T  await  your  further  communications —  please  to 
accept  of  my  personal  esteem,  &c  &c— 

(signed)      II.  Sparks,  Lt 

His   Excellency  Col:   Com: 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne  &c  &c. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORXE. 

To  Robert  Smith 

Natchez  Deer.  3.  1810. 
Sir, 

To  meet  some  expenditures  which  I  am  afraid  will 
necessarily  attend  the  taking  possession  of  the  District 
of  Baton  Rouge,  in  conformity  to  the  orders  of  the  pres- 
ident, under  date  of  the  27.  of  October,  I  have  this  day 
drawn  on  you  for  thirteen  hundred  dollars,  by  two  Bills 
of  Exchange,  the  one  for  eight  hundred  dollars  payable 
at  five  days  sight  to  John  Long  or  order;  and  the  other 
for  five  hundred  dollars  payable  at  five  days  sight  to 
Benjamin  Wright  or  order.— 
I  am  Sir, 

With  great  respect 

yr.  ob :  Servant. 

To  the  Honble  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Mr.  Smith 

Secretary  of  State 
Washington  Citv. 


To  Robert  Smith 

(Fort  Adams  Deer  5th  1810. 
Sir, 

I  arrived  here  late  on  last  Evening  from  Natchez. 
For  two  days  past  I  have  been  very  unwell,  and  am  still 
so ; —  But  a  comfortable  Barge  being  prepared  for  my 
accommodation,  I  propose  early  on  Tomorrow  to  con- 
tinue my  voyage  to  Baton  Rouge. 

Two  Citizens,  who  are  recommended  to  me,  as  pos- 
sessing great  discretion  and  integrity,  have  been  dis- 
patched from  hence  into  Florida,  with  Copies  of  the 
president's  proclamation;—  the  one  goes  direct  to  Baton 
Rouge;  and  the  other  to  the  Town  of  St.  Fram-isvillc. 
To  the  laxt  I  have  given  special  instructions,  of  which 
the  enclosed  marked  (A)  is  a  copy.— 

The  Florida   Assembly   is  in   session  at   St.  Francis- 


44  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

ville  and  have  been  lately  addressed  by  Mr  Skipworth 
the  Governor  elect.  I  have  not  seen  a  copy  of  the  ad- 
dress, nor  am  I  yet  informed  of  its  contents.1  Col:  Wy- 
koff  of  the  Orleans  Militia  in  whom  I  place  great  confi- 
dence, has  been  instructed  to  meet  me  at  Point  Cupie, 
where  I  expect  to  arrive  early  on  the  morning  of  the  7th 
instant: —  He  resides  opposite  Baton  Rouge,  and  can 
give  me  much  useful  information  as  to  the  character  and 
views  of  the  persons  now  in  authority. —  I  do  not  believe 
that  force  will  be  necessary  to  enable  me  to  take  posses- 
sion ;  but  the  circumstances  of  having  it  at  command,  may 
perhaps  tend  to  render  my  reception  the  more  immediate, 
and  to  silence  the  disaffected  Inhabitants.—  There  are 
certainly  such —  But  I  continue  to  learn  from  various 
sources,  that  a  great  majority  earnestly  desire  that  pos- 
session of  the  District,  be  taken  by  the  United  States.— 
The  Gun  boats  from  Natchez,  have  not  as  yet  reached 
this  place.  The  Troops  were  embarked  on  yesterday; 
but  these  Gun  Boats  are  unwieldy  machines,  and  make 
such  little  way,  that  I  shall  probably  be  three  days  in  ad- 
vance. 

1  have  the  honor  to  be 
Sir, 

with  great  respect 
The  Honble  yr.  ob :  Servant 

Mr.  Smith  William  ('.  (".  Claiboruc 

Secv.  of  State 


To  Audrey  L. 

(Fort.  Adams  Deer.  \  1S10. 
Sir, 

Having  received  information  that  a  general  assem- 
bly exercising  Legislative  powers,  is  now  in  session  at 
,SV.  Frdiicixrillr  in  the  District  of  Raton  Rouge,  you  will 

1  Printed  speech  of  flov.  Skipwith  to  the  Senate  and  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives of  the  State  of  West  Florida  Nov.  !!!»,  1810,  West  Florida 
Papers,  Library  of  Congress,  .Manuscripts  Division. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  45 

be  pleased  to  proceed  thither  without  delay,  and  distrib- 
ute among  the  Citizens  generally,  and  particularly  such 
as  you  shall  find  in  the  exercise  of  authority,  the  enclosed 
copies  of  a  proclamation  by  the  president  of  the  United 
States,  making  it  my  duty  to  take  possession  of  "the 
Territory  South  of  the  Mississippi  Territory,  and  East- 
ward of  the  River  Mississippi,  and  extending  to  the 
River  Perdido,"  as  a  part  of  the  Orleans  Territory. 

On  your  arrival  at  St.  Francisville  you  will  endeavor 
to  ascertain  the  sentiments  of  the  Citizens  generally 
(and  particularly  of  such  as  you  shall  find  in  the  exer- 
cise of  authority)  towards  the  American  Government. 
Whether  in  executing  the  orders  of  the  president,  I  am 
likely  to  meet  opposition,  or  a  cordial  reception  and  sup- 
port. You  will  further  ascertain  (as  far  as  may  be 
practicable)  the  state,  strength  and  position  of  such 
troops  as  may  have  been  embodied  under  the  orders  of 
the  Florida  Convention,  or  the  Assembly  now  in  session 
at  St.  Francisville,  and  particularly  the  state  and 
strength  of  the  Garrison  at  Baton  Rouge.  It  is  also  im- 
portant I  should  acquire  information  on  the  following 
points:  1st  Whether  the  Fort  at  Mobile  is  yet  occupied 
by  Spanish  Troops?  If  so  their  number  and  by  whom 
commanded.  2nd  Whether  the  Fort  at  Mobile  be  at 
present  invested  by  a  body  of  armed  Citizens?1  If  so, 
their  number,  the  name  and  character  of  their  Leader, 
and  whether  a  detachment  from  Baton  Rouge  lias 
marched,  or  is  about  to  mai'ch  to  their  assistance. 
3rd  The  number  of  Spanisli  Troops  at  Pensacola  and 
whether  a  detachmant  had  advanced,  or  was  expected  to 
advance  from  thence  towards  the  Mobile,  and  the  name 
of  the  Officer  in  command.— 

I  shall  arrive  at  Point  Coupie  on  the  morning  of  the 

1  Reuben  Kemper  to  Don  Peres,  commandant,  civil  and  military  of 
Mobile,  Nov.  3,  1810,  West  Florida  Papers,  Library  of  Congress,  Manu- 
scripts Division. 


46  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

7th  of  this  month,  when  you  will  join  me  and  report  the 
result  of  your  inquiries.— 

If  you  should  be  asked  whether  I  had  left  Natchez, 
you  will  answer  in  the  affirmative,  and  may  add  that  my 
arrival  may  be  momently  expected  in  the  District  of 
Baton  Rouge.  If  asked  whether  the  troops  had  left 
Natchez,  you  will  answer  in  the  negative,  but  may  add 
that  preparations  were  making  for  a  speedy  movement. 
To  any  enquiries  which  may  be  addressed  you,  relative 
to  the  particular  service  in  which  the  troops  are  to  be 
employed,  or  as  to  the  views  of  the  American  (jovern- 
ment  generally  towards  Florida,  you  will  answer,  that 
the  Proclamation  of  the  president  contains  all  the  in- 
formation you  have  on  the  subject.— 

You  will  receive  this  communication  in  entire  confi- 
dence designed  for  your  sole  perusal,  and  as  a  proof  of.' 
the  high  opinion  I  entertain  of  your  discretion  and  fidel- 
ity to  the  Tinted  States.— 

I  am   Sir 

&c  &e 

(signed)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
.Mr.  Audlev  L.  Osborn. 


To  Robert  Smith 

District  of  Baton  Rouge, 

St  Francisville  December  7.  1«10. 
Sir, 

I  left  Fort  Adams  on  yesterday  in  a  Barge  with  two- 
subaltern  officers,  and  thirty  three  non  commissioned  of- 
ficers and  privates,  of  the  United  States  army:  and  ar- 
rived opposite  this  place  (at  Point  Coupie)  on  this  morn- 
ing at  eight  o'clock,  when  T  was  immediately  joined  by 
flov.  Holmes  and  Mr.  Osborne,  one  of  the  (Jentlemen 
whom  T  dispatched  from  Fort  Adams  on  the  fith  Instant, 
with  copies  of  the  president's  proclamation.  Gov. 
TTolmes  had  reached  St  Francisville  on  vesterdav  morn- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    \V.  C.  C.  CLA1BORNE.  47 

ing,  when  he  met  with  Mr.  Skipwith  the  Gov.  elect,  and 
the  Florida  assembly  in  session/  The  president's  proc- 
lamation had  previously  been  circulated  among  the  citi- 
zens of  St.  Francisville,  and  had  become  the  subject  of 
general  conversation.  Dissatisfaction  as  to  its  tenor 
was  expressed  by  several  members  of  the  assembly,  and 
some  citizens ;  but  Mr.  Skipwith  in  particular  took  great 
exceptions.  Govr.  Holmes  gave  such  explanations,  as 
were  believed  to  be  satisfactory  to  most  of  the  former 
persons;  but  Mr.  Skipwith  continued  dissatisfied,  as  in 
the  afternoon  of  yesterday  he  returned  to  Baton  Rouge, 
accompanied  by  three  or  four  members  of  the  Florida 
Legislature,  where  it  is  understood,  the  whole  corps  are 
to  assemble  on  Tomorrow. 

From  Mr.  Osborne  I  received  a  report  in  writing,  of 
which  the  enclosed  marked  (A)  is  a  copy. 

There  came  also  to  the  opposite  shore  (at  Point  Cou- 
pie)  with  Govr.  Holmes  and  Mr.  Osborne  a  Capt.  John 
H.  Johnson  a  member  of  the  late  Florida  Convention, 
and  possessed  of  much  influence  in  this  society.  M. 
Johnson  professed  to  be  warmly  attached  to  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States ;  and  much  gratified  by  a 
perusal  of  the  president's  proclamation.  He  said  how- 
ever that  "he  was  charged  with  "a  message  from  Govr. 
"Skipwith,  which  a  paper  he  held  in  his  hand,  fully  ex- 
plained and  would  therefore  present  it  to  me."  It 
was  received  and  read  and  the  enclosed  marked  (B)  is  a 
literal  copy.  Mr.  Johnson  was  told  that  as  a  Citizen 
Mr.  Skipwitli  would  be  respected,  but  I  could  not  recog- 
nize him  as  Governor  and  Commander  in  Chief  of  Flor- 
ida, nor  enter  into  correspondence  with  him.  But  that 
lie  (Mr.  Johnson)  had  my  permission,  and  was  requested 
to  say  to  the  people,  that  I  came  among  them  with  vie-ir* 
the  most  friendly: —  the  president's  proclamation,  which 

1  Report  of  Gov.  Holmes  to  Dept.  of  State,  Letter  Book  in  Miss.  Dept. 
of  Archives  and  History. 


48  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

they  had  seen,  was  my  authority ;  and  that  I  should  pro- 
ceed immediately  to  discharge  the  duties  required  of  me. 
M.  Johnson  then  said,  that  Mr.  Skipwith  had  also 
charged  him  to  inform  me  verbally,  that  lie  had  retired 
to  the  Fort  of  Baton  Rouge,  and  rather  than  surrender 
the  Country  unconditionally  and  without  terms,  he  would 
with  twenty  men  only,  if  a  greater  number  could  not  be 
procured  surround  the  Flag  Staff  and  die  in  its  defense. 
To  this  message  I  made  no  reply,  but  requested  Mr. 
Johnson  to  repeat  it;  which  he  did.  Mr.  Johnson  again 
took  occasion  to  express  his  devotion  to  the  Government 
of  the  United  States,  and  urged  me  to  visit  immediately 
St.  Francisville  where  I  would  find  a  Militia  Troop  of 
Cavalry,  a  company  of  Riflemen,  and  a  concourse  of  Citi- 
zens, who  would  welcome  my  arrivel,  in  the  Territory, 
and  with  pleasure  recognize  me  as  their  Governor. 

I  told  Mr.  Johnson  I  would  in  a  little  time  cross  in 
my  Barge  to  the  Florida  Shore  and  it'  a  wisli  was  ev- 
pressed  by  the  Militia,  and  assembled  Citizens  for  me  to 
visit  St.  Francisville,  I  should  certainly  do  so.  Mr.  Os- 
borne  however  at  my  request  passed  over  to  St.  Francis- 
ville for  the  purpose  of  learning  the  reception  1  was 
likely  to  meet,  and  on  his  return  having  reported,  that 
my  presence  would  give  satisfaction  to  the  Militia  and 
Citizens,  and  that  lie  was  authorized  to  say  so:  I  imme- 
diately accompanied  by  Govr.  Holmes  came  among  them. 
We  were  received  on  the  Beach  by  the  Citizens,  and  es- 
corted by  the  Companies  of  Cavalry  and  Riflemen  to  the 
Town.  There  I  saw  a  pavilion  waving  which  was  said 
to  be  the  Colors  of  the  State  of  Klorida.  Tin-  Mililia 
being  required  to  form  round  the  flag  staff.  I  appeared 
in  the  center  and  the  president's  proclamation  being 
read  by  a  Citizen.  I  said  to  the  Militia,  that  ''having 
come  among  them  as  their  Governor  and  commander  in 
Chief  charged  by  the  president  of  the  United  States  to 
protect  them  in  the  enjoyment  of  their  liberty,  property 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         49 

and  religion,  I  had  only  to  observe,  that  it  would  be  my 
pride  and  glory  to  discharge  with  fidelity  so  high  a  trust. 
The  Florida  flag  was  then  ordered  by  me  to  be  taken 
down,  which  was  done,  the  Militia  and  Citizens  cheering 
(as  a  mark  of  respect)  as  it  descended.  I  then  ordered 
a  flag  of  the  United  States,  which  I  had  taken  from  my 
barge  to  be  reared,  which  was  also  done  amidst  the 
huzzas  of  the  Militia  and  citizens. — 

(This  part  of  the  District  of  Florida  the  most 

populous,  is  believed  to  be  attached  to  the  United  States, 
and  to  be  greatly  pleased  with  the  event  of  the  day.  How 
far  a  like  disposition  may  manifest  itself  at  the  Town  of 
Baton  Rouge,  and  its  vicinity,  remains  yet  to  be  seen. 
No  efforts  which  my  Country's  honor  or  my  own  permit, 
will  remain  unessayed,  to  induce  Mr.  Skipwith  to  aban- 
don his  ill-judged  and  rash  purposes :  Nor  am  I  without 
strong  hopes  of  succeeding.  But  if  conciliatory  meas- 
ures should  obstinately  fail,  the  troops  of  the  United 
States  will  be  commanded  to  take  the  fort. 

I  am  not  advised  of  tlie  terms  which  Mr.  Skipwith 
would  propose ;  but  among  others  it  is  said,  he  would 
wish  a  formal  recognision  of  all  the  sales  of  lands  under 
the  Spanish  authorities;  the  payment  of  debts  contracted 
by  the  constitution;  and  not  only  a  pardon  of  the  desert- 
ers, but  their  discharge  from  the  service  of  the  United 
States.  The  Fort  at  Baton  Rouge  is  garrisoned  for 
the  most  part  by  Deserters;—  with  them  Mr.  Skipwitli 
may  hope  to  make  a  desperate  defence,  but  he  ought  not 
to  expect,  that  it  is  in  their  power  with  him  at  their 
Head,  to  command  terms.  I  have  already  said,  that  as 
related  to  the  Deserters,  such  as  were  found  in  the  Dis- 
trict should  meet  no  punishment, —  but  on  the  contrary 
should  receive  lenient  treatment  until  the  will  of  the 
president  of  the  U.  S.  be  known  and  that  T  was  fully  per- 


50  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

suaded  a  pardon  would  be  extended  to  them.     But  that 
if  they  wished  for-  mercy,  not  to  remain  in  arms. 

The  Gun  Boats  from  Natchez  \vith  the  advance  de- 
tachment, have  not  yet  joined  me,  and  I  fear  transports 
for  the  whole  force  required  cannot  be  obtained.— 

I  have  the  honor  to  be, 
SIR, 

very  respectfully 
yr.  ob :  hum :  Sert. 

The  Honble  William  C.  C.  Claibome 

Mr.  Smith 

Secy  of  State. 


To  John  H.  Johnson,  Esqr. 
Sir, 

With  the  advice  and  by  the  request  of  the  honorable 
the  Senate  of  this  State,  I  have  nominated  and  do  hereby 
appoint  you  an  Agent  to  repair  immediately  to  the  Head 
Quarters  of  his  Excellency  William  C.  C.  Claiborne  Gov- 
ernor of  the  Territory  of  Orleans,  who  is  said  to  be  in 
the  vicinity  of  this  place,  witli  an  armed  force,  and  is  sup- 
posed to  have  some  hostile  intentions  towards  the  (Jov- 
ernment  and  people  of  this  State,  in  consequence  of  cer- 
tain proclamations  distributed  within  the  same  as  it  is 
said  by  his  order,  calling  upon  the  Inhabitants  of  this 
State  to  receive  and  respect  the  said  William  (\  ('.  (Mai- 
borne,  as  their  Governor  ami  to  acknowledge  allegiance 
and  subjection  to  the  Government  of  the  Fn'ited  States, 
the  said  proclamation  bearing  the  signature  of  the  presi- 
dent of  the  said  I'nited  States.  You  will  therefore  pro- 
ceed without  delay  on  this  mission  and  should  you  find 
the  said  officer  approaching  the  Territory  of  this  State, 
with  or  without  an  armed  force,  you  will  demand  of  him 
an  explicit  avowal  of  his  views  and  intentions,  and  of  the 
orders  which  he  may  have  received  from  the  president  of 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         01 

the  United  States,  respecting  the  people  and  Territory 
of  this  State,  and  also  by  what  authority,  he  had  caused 
the  aforesaid  proclamations  to  be  distributed  within  the 
same.  If  you  should  be  informed  by  the  said  officer  that 
he  has  orders  and  instructions  to  take  possession  of  the 
Territory  of  this  State  in  behalf  of  the  Government  of 
the  United  States,  you  will  enquire  of  him  whether  he 
has  such  discretionary  powers  as  will  authorize  him  to 
delay  the  execution  of  those  orders  until  a  communica- 
tion can  be  made  to  the  president  of  the  United  States. l- 

You  are  requested  to  use  all  diligence  in  the  execution 
of  this  mission,  and  to  communicate  to  me  at  Baton 
Rouge  the  answer  of  the  said  officer  by  express. 

Relying  on  your  fidelity  and  Zeal  in  the  service 
of  your  Country,  I  beg  you  to  accept  the  assurance  of 
my  high  respect.— 

Signed/     (Fulwar  Skipwith 
St  Francisville  Gov.  &  Com.  in  Chief 

Deer  6.  1810 
State  of  Florida. 


St  Francisville  December  6.  1810 
Your  Excellency, 

Agreeable  to  my  instructions,  as  soon  as  I  had 
crossed  the  line  of  demarcation,  I  proceeded  to  distribute 
and  circulate  the  proclamation  of  the  President  of  the 
United  States.  Immediately  after  my  arrival  at  St 
Francisville  I  took  -  -  the  first  opportunity  of  sound- 
ing the  minds  of  leading  Characters  as  to  tho  Change  of 
government  contemplated.  My  observations  led  me  to 
suppose  that  the  great  body  of  the  people  will  be  de- 
lighted with  the  exercise  of  authority,  by  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States;  that  all  frecliolflcr*  and  men 

1  Letter  from  Skipwith  to  the  President  of  Dec.  5,  1810,  in  West 
Florida  Papers  contains  a  clear  statement  of  his  position. 


52  MISSISSIPPI     TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

of  property;  and  all  the  most  discreet  part  of  the  com- 
munity, are  truly  attached  to  the  Government  of  the 
United  States.- 

Amongst  these  persons  who  are  in  the  exercise  of  au- 
thority in  Florida,  no  opposition  will  be  met  with,  ex- 
cept from  Fulwar  Skipwith  who  is  denominated  Gov- 
ernor of  the  State  of  Florida,  Philemon  Thomas,  Styled 
General,  Capt  Smith  and  some  others  of  inferior  note. 
From  every  thing  which  I  can  collect  relative  to  the  re- 
ception of  the  measures  of  the  United  States,  I  can  with 
confidence  state  to  your  Excellency,  that  there  is  no  prob- 
ability of  your  meeting  with  opposition  from  the  Citizens 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  this  place  in  the  exercise  of  your 
Executive  functions.  But  Sir,  it  is  my  duty  to  inform 
you,  that  it  is  my  impression,  that  some  opposition  may 
be  expected  in  the  Vicinage  of  Baton  Rouge. 
In  pursuance  of  orders,  I  state  to  your  Excellency  that 
whatever  troops  may  have  been  raised  by  the  Conven- 
tion and  Assembly  of  Florida,  they  have  been  ordered 
to  march  to  the  neighbourhood  of  Mobile,  and  those  or- 
ders were  countermanded  this  day.  The  exact  num- 
ber of  those  troops,  I  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain,  but 
from  the  most  correct  information  which  I  could  obtain, 
I  suppose  their  number  to  amount  to  six  hundred.  Cav- 
alry and  infantry.  The  strength  of  the  Garrison  of  Bat- 
ton  Rouge  was  this  morning  one  hundred  and  twenty 
men  and  thirty  pieces  of  Artillery;  but  will  be  reinforced 
on  the  morning  of  the  7th  inst  by  seventy  men  and  three 
pieces  of  artillery. 

There  is  no  doubt  but  that  the  fort  of  Mobile  is  now  in 
the  hands  of  the  Spanish  Commander  Folk,  and  the  gen- 
eral belief  is,  that  it  is  garrisoned  by  about  ninety  men. 
Correct  information  cannot  be  obtained  relative  to  Pen- 
sacola,  but  the  most  intelligent,  suppose  its  strength  to 
be  about  ec^ual  to  Mobile.  From  the  latest  information 
from  the  waters  of  Mobile,  Reuben  Kemper.  who  holds  a 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  53 

Commission  from  the  Florida  Convention  as  Colonel, 
is  now  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  fort  of  Mobile  with 
about  three  hundred  armed  Citizens  of  this  Territory. 
I  will  further  state  to  your  Excellency,  that  the  great 
point,  at  which  the  disaffected,  seem  to  stickle,  is,  that 
the  State  of  Florida  should  be  treated  with,  as  an  inde- 
pendent nation,  and  that  certain  terms  should  be  granted 
to  them  by  your  Excellency  before  they  could  submit  to 
become  Citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  come  under 
your  authority.  I  will  hereafter  take  the  first  opportu- 
nity of  communicating  to  your  Excellency,  minutely,  sub- 
jects of  minor  import. 

I  am  Your  Excellency,  s 

Most  Respectful  sevt 

Audley  L.  Osborne 
His  Excellency  Gov.  Claiborne. 


To  Robert  Smith 

Baton  Rouge  December  12.  1810. 
Sir, 

My  last  letter  informed  you  that  peaceable  possession 
was  taken  on  the  10th  instant  of  the  Town,  Fort,  and 
District  of  Baton  Rouge  in  the  name  and  in  behalf  of  the 
United  States. —  From  the  information  previously  re- 
ceived I  certainly  had  reasons  to  apprehend  resistance, 
and  was  prepared  to  meet  it ; —  But  on  landing  near  the 
Town  the  agreeable  intelligence  was  brought  me  that  the 
armed  Citizens  (called  here  the  Convention  Troops) 
were  ready  to  retire  from  the  Fort,  and  to  acknowledge 
the  authority  of  the  United  States.  It  was  not  under- 
stood by  me  that  terms  were  insisted  on; —  But  a  wisli 
was  expressed  that  the  Florida  flag  might  be  treated  with 
respect,  and  the  deserters  unmolested.  In  answer  I  re- 
quested that  the  Fort  might  be  evacuated  at  half  past 
two  o'clock,  and  that  the  citizens  should  march  out  and 
stack  their  arms.  As  related  to  the  Florida  flag  I  read- 


54  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

ily  assented  that  on  striking  it,  such  evidences  of  respect 
might  be  shown,  as  the  armed  citizens  in  the  Fort  thought 
proper. —  and  with  regard  to  the  deserters  I  stated,  that, 
they  should  remain  undisturbed,  until  the  president's 
pleasure  respecting  them  should  be  known.  This  ar- 
rangement was  satisfactory,  and  the  Fort  being  evacu- 
ated in  the  manner  and  at  the  time  proposed,  it  was  taken 
possession  of  at  three  oclock  by  a  Detachment  of  the 
United  States  Troops. 

I  am  assured  that  the  president's  proclamation  was 
at  first  cause  of  Dissatisfaction ; —  Its  general  tenor  wras 
not  thought  sufficiently  respectful  to  the  Conventional- 
ists, nor  was  the  manner  in  which  I  had  introduced  it  in 
the  District  (by  special  messengers)  approved.  The  in- 
terference of  the  American  Government  (at  a  moment 
altogether  unexpected)  went  to  put  down  a  military  ex- 
pedition that  was  on  the  point  of  seting  out  for  pensa- 
cola  and  Mobile,  and  blasted  the  prospects  of  many  as- 
piring individuals.  Hence  it  happened  that  the  first 
emotions  were  those  of  chagrin  and  disappointment,  and 
a  warmth  of  expression  indulged; —  But  a  little  reflec- 
tion £  the  interposition  of  some  good  men,  occasioned 
an  amicable  result.  Among  the  persons  whose  concilia- 
tory deportment  had  the  greatest  effect  I  cannot  omit 
to  mention  Governor  Holmes' —  He  preceded  me  (as  was 
agreed  on)  to  Baton  Rouge,  and  profiting  of  the  confi- 
dence which  his  upright  course  in  life  had  inspired,  made 
such  explanations  to  influential  Characters  as  greatly 
promoted  harmony  and  good  will.  Mr  Skipwitlis  con- 
duct continues  correct.  When  first  apprized  of  the  pres- 
ident's proclamation  his  feelings  were  I  presume  wound- 
ed, and  then  betrayed  him  into  some  imprudence  of  ex- 
pression. But  from  what  I  have  since  learned,  the  Union 

1  The  influence  of  Gov.  Holmes  with  the  people  of  West  Florida  was 
an  important  factor  in  bringing  the  negotiations  to  a  successful  con- 
clusion. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         55 

of  Florida  with  the  United  States,  has  always  been  his 
avowed  object,  and  he  now  professes  to  be  much  gratified 
by  the  late  event,  and  to  be  sincerely  disposed  to  con- 
tribute to  the  general  welfare.— 

In  a  former  letter  it  was  stated  that  I  had  organized 
several  Corps  of  Volunteers, —  I  now  have  to  add  that  a 
sufficient  number  of  justices  of  the  peace  to  enforce  good 
order  are  in  commission;  and  that  the  parish  Courts 
would  be  very  soon  completely  organized,  were  I  not  so- 
licited most  earnestly  by  many  of  the  influential  Citi- 
zens to  delay  such  organization  until  the  meeting  of  the 
Territorial  Legislature. —  This  delay  is  wished,  in  order 
that  some  private  laws  ma}7  pass,  wThich  the  local  inter- 
ests of  the  District  imperiously  demand.  It  is  wished 
that  the  Courts  may  not  have  cognizance  of  actions  of 
assault  and  Battery.  False  imprisonment,  or  Actions  of 
Trespass  generally,  where  the  cause  of  action  occurred 
prior  to  the  10.  of  December;  and  it  is  further  wished, 
that  the  sale  of  property  in  this  District  under  execu- 
tions may  be  delayed  for  a  certain  time—  Were  the 
Courts  immediately  organized,  the  Society  might  per- 
haps be  distracted  with  Law  Suits,  for  Acts  done,  pend- 
ing the  late  commotion,  and  were  property  seized  under 
judicial  process  to  be  immediately  sold,  it  is  apprehanded 
that  a  general  injury  to  this  Society  would  ensue.— 

In  the  Fort  of  Baton  Rouge  there  are  many  pieces  of 
Cannon,  several  hundred  stand  of  muskets,  a  quantity 
of  powder,  and  other  valuable  military  Stores,  which 
were  taken  under  the  orders  of  the  Florida  Convention, 
from  the  late  Spanish  Authorities —  I  shall  cause  an  In- 
ventory of  the  whole  to  be  taken,  and  with  hold  the  same 


56  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

in  safe  keeping,  until  the  further  orders  of  the  PRES1- 
DENT- 

I  have  the  honor  to  be 

Sir, 

The  Honble  With  great  respect 

Mr  Smith  yr  Ob :  hum :  Servant 

Secretary  of  State.  William  C.  C.  Claiborue. 


To  Robert  Smith 

(Private)  Baton  Rouge  17th  December  1810 

My  Dr  Sir, 

I  have  seen  and  conversed  with  General  Philemon 
Thomas,  the  Ajax  of  the  late  Revolution,1  £  who  has  al- 
ways been  esteemed  an  honest  man;  lie  declares  that  the 
great  object  he  had  in  view,  was  now  accomplished,  and 
that  no  man  more  than  himself,  rejoiced  at  the  taking 
possession  of  the  Country  by  the  United  States. —  I  find, 
that  the  most  influential  among  the  Convention  party, 
are  very  generally  the  friends  of  the  United  States,  and 
their  fidelity  may  I  think  be  relied  on; —  they  however 
calculate  on  the  United  States  making  provision  for  the 
payment  of  certain  debts  contracted  under  the  authority 
of  the  Convention,  and  on  that  subject,  Congress,  will,  F 
presume,  be  vary  soon  addressed. —  There  is  however,  a 
dissatisfied  party,  and  one  also,  that  is  disaffected  to 
the  American  Government; —  The  late  change  in  affairs, 
gave  no  satisfaction  to  some  individuals;  A  state  of  revo- 
lution and  commotion,  was  better  suited  to  their  views, 
than  a  state  Government  &  just  Laws; —  There  are  oth- 
ers, who  are  hand  &  heart  devoted  to  the  British  Inter- 
ests, &  whenever  the  occasion  favors  it,  by  their  acts, 
evince  their  dislike  of  American  Institutions. —  Perhaps 
the  opinion  T  have  formed  of  this  Society  may  not  be  cor- 
rect:  But  my  impression  is,  that  a  more  heterogeneous 

1  The  leader  in  the  attack  on  and  capture  of  the  fort  at  Baton  Rouge 
Sept.  23,  1810. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  57 

mass  of  good  and  evil  was  never  before  met  with  in  the 
same  extent  of  Territory. —  A  majority  of  the  Inhab- 
itants are  believed  virtuous ;  But  among  them  are  many 
adventurers  of  desperate  fortunes  and  characters,  and 
Mr.  Skipwith  in  his  address  to  the  people,  has  I  believe 
truly  stated,  that  "the  respectable  &  virtuous  Inhabitants 
"were  prohibited  in  most  instances,  from  making  estab- 
lishments in  the  "Country,  while  protection  was  never 
"denied  to  the  worthless  and  depraved."  -  Good  men 
commenced,  &  directed  the  late  Revolution;  but  had  not 
the  Government  of  the  United  States  interfered,  bad  men 
would  very  soon  have  acquired  an  ascendency,  and  the 
state  of  things  in  Florida,  would  have  proved  alike  un- 
fortunate for  the  people  inhabiting  that  tract,  and  for 
those  of  the  Territories  of  the  U.  States  adjoining. — 

There  are  not  many  persons  here  concerned  in  Mora- 
lis's  titles;  it  is  thought  that  a  few  speculaters  at  New 
Orleans,  are  for  the  most  part  interested,  and  the  public 
sympathy  does  not  seem  to  be  greatly  excited  in  their 
favour.— 

Applications  for  office  crowd  upon  me ; —  Emigrants 
hasten  with  a  view  of  office  only,  are  daily  arriving;— 
every  appointment  that  may  be  made,  will  add  a  Score 
to  the  number  of  my  Enemies,  and  I  calculate  upon  being- 
more  traduced  in  the  news-papers,  than  any  man  in  the 
U.  States. —  More  than  at  any  prior  period,  I  shall  have 
occasion  for  the  indulgence,  for  the  support  of  the  Ad- 
ministration. The  management  of  the  old  Territory  of 
Orleans  was  an  Herculean  Task; —  But  the  acquisition 
of  the  Baton  Rouge  District  will  render  my  duties  more 
arduous,  &  vastly  more  unpleasant. —  I  wish  to  God,  we 
may  at  the  present  Session  of  Congress  be  enacted  into 
a  State ;  some  confusion  would  perhaps  arise, —  But  the; 
majority  would  then  govern,  and  Good  order,  and  I  trust 
too,  good  Laws  would  very  soon  predominate.— 

As  regards  the  expenditures  incident  to  taking  pos- 


58  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

session  of  this  District,  I  shall  keep  constantly  in  view 
the  most  prudent  economy: —  The  noise  made  about  tho 
Segars  &  Capers  (?)  at  New  Orleans  is  not  forgotten, 
and  no  man  shall  ever  again  with  my  consent,  smoke  at 
the  public  expence.  I  have  already  drawn  upon  you  for 
$1300 —  and  expect  in  a  few  days  to  be  obliged  to  draw 
for  a  further  sum  of  one  thousand  or  $1200  dollars. 

1  am  momently  in  expectation  of  hearing  from  Mo- 
bile; the  last  accounts  le,ft  the  Spaniards  in  possession 
of  that  port,  as  also  of  the  Pass  of  Christian  &  the  mouth 
of  Pasgagala  River. —  At  Pasgagala  &  Christian,  it  is  un- 
derstood, that  the  force  was  truly  diminutive;  A  Com- 
mandant &  six  soldiers  Avere  stationed  at  each  place;— 
But  I  cannot  act  against  these  Posts  in  any  manner, 
without  the  further  orders  of  the  President- 
Present  my  best  wishes  to  Mrs  Smith ! 

I  am  Dr  Sir, 

With  great  respect 

The  llonble  )  yr  faithful  friend 

Mr  Smith  )  Wm  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Secy  of  State  ) 


To  Robert  Smith 

Baton  Rouge  December  2!>nl  ISjl). 
Sir, 

1  forwarded  on  the  12th  Instant  by  Express  a  Letter 
to  the  Commanding  officer  at  Fort  Stoddart,  and  re- 
quested information  as  to  the  state  of  tilings  at  Mobile. 
-  Xo  answer  is  yet  received,  but  it  cannot  be  delayed 
(!  presume)  more  than  two  or  three  days.—  The  last 
accounts  left  (iovenior  Folch  in  possession  of  the  Kort 
of  Mobile  and  on  the  4th  of  November  a  Spanish  of- 
ficer with  six  soldiers,  were  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pasca- 
gula  and  on  the  6th  of  the  same  month,  (i  privates  &  a 
commissioned  officer  were  stationed  at  the  pass  of  Chris- 
tiana, and  these  Posts  I  presume  are  still  in  possession 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         59 

of  the  Spanish  Authorities.—  The  enclosed  Map  (the 
best  I  have  ever  seen)  of  the  Coast  from  the  Town  of 
Mobile  to  the  Head  of  the  Lake  Ponchartrain,  will  show 
you  the  position  of  the  Pascagula  and  Christiana.— 
The  authority  of  the  Convention,  it  seems  was  acknowl- 
edged as  far  as  the  Pearl  River;  But  I  have  exercised 
jurisdiction  as  far  as  the  Bay  of  St  Louis,  by  naming  a 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  to  reside  in  its  vicinity. —  On  the 
Margin  of  the  Bay  St  Louis,  (which  you  will  find  laid 
down  on  the  Map)  I  have  thought  the  establishment  of 
a  Military  Post  expedient,  &  with  that  view,  I  shall  make 
a  requisition  of  Colonel  Covington  for  80  or  100  men.— 
Such  a  Post  is  deemed  essential  to  the  safety  of  the  set- 
tlements on  the  Lake  Ponchartrain;  it  will  give  confi- 
dence to  the  well  disposed  Citizens,  and  enable  the  Civil 
Authority  to  hold  the  worthless  in  check.— 
But  on  this  subject  I  Avill  explain  myself  more  fully  in 
a  Letter  which  I  shall  address  to  the  Secretary  at  War.— 
In  conformity  to  your  instructions  I  have  forwarded  to 
the  Captain  General  of  Cuba,  &  to  the  Governor  of  Pen- 
sacola  &  its  dependencies,  Copies  of  the  President 's  Proc- 
lamation accompanied  with  a  Letter,  of  which  the  en- 
closed (marked  A)  is  a  Copy. —  I  hope  the  tenor  of  the 
Letter  may  be  approved—  -  My  object  was  to  render  it 
alike  firm  and  conciliatory —  But  I  do  not  know  that  I 
have  succeeded.—  The  subject  was  a  delicate  one,  &  I 
have  not  been  enabled  to  introduce  it  in  a  manner  alto- 
gether satisfactory  to  myself.  A  similar  Letter  would 
be  addressed  to  the  Captain  General  of  the  Interior 
Provinces  of  Mexico; —  But  it  is  confidently  reported 
that  the  people,  there  are  in  a  state  of  Revolution  &  the 
Captain  General  imprisoned.— 

I  have  divided  the  County  of  Feliciana  into  four  Par- 
ishes &  my  ordinance  to  that  effect  is  herewith  enclosed 
marked  (B) —  Parish  Judges  also  for  the  parishes  of 
Feliciana  &  East  Baton  Rouge  have  been  commissioned 


60  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

&  those  for  St.  Helena  &  St.  Tammany  will  soon  be  ap- 
pointed.—  But  it  is  understood  that  they  will  not  pro- 
ceed to  try  causes,  until  subsequent  to  the  meeting  of 
the  Legislature,  &  until  time  is  given  for  the  passage  of 
such  Laws,  as  the  actual  situation,  &  particular  Interest 
of  this  District  may  advise. —  I  have  laid  out  three  Regi- 
mental Circles  in  the  District  of  Baton  Rouge;  the  field 
Officers  will  be  commissioned  on  Tomorrow,  &  the  Com- 
panies shall  all  be  organized  in  a  very  short  time. —  \ 
design  to  leave  this  on  the  l.Gtli  Instant  for  New  Or- 
leans, &  from  thence,  it  is  probable  I  may  find  it  neces- 
sary to  pass  the  Lake  Ponchartrain  &  visit  the  settle- 
ments on  Pearl  River  &  the  Bay  St.  Louis:  in  that  event 
I  shall  be  obliged  to  prorogue  the  Legislature,  (which 
was  to  meet  on  the  2nd  monday  in  January)  to  the  1st 
Monday  in  February  next. 

I  am  Sir, 
The  Honble  With  great  respect 

Mr.  Smith  your  mot  obt  Servt 

Secy  of  State.  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

P.  S.  On  my  arrival  at  Natchez,  I  should  immediately 
have  transmitted  the  President's  Proclamation  to  (Jov- 
ernor  Folch,  but  it  was  reported  he  had  left  Pensacola 
for  the  Havana.  I  should  also  at  an  earlier  period  have 
addressed  the  Captain  (ieneral  of  Cuba,  but  it  was  re- 
ported and  accredited,  that  the  people  of  Cuba  were  in 
a  state  of  Revolution  &  the  Captain  (Jeneral  imprisoned  : 
-  Such  reports  are  yet  prevalent,  but  seem  now  to  be 
discredited. 


To  ('apt.  GeuL  of  Cuba 

Baton  Rouge  Deer.  i'fith.  1810. 
Sir, 

The  subversion  of  the  Spanish  Authority  in  the  Ter- 
ritory of  West  Florida,  to  irliicli  as  far  as  the  River  Per- 
dido,  the  United  States  have  never  ceased  to  lav  claim. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         61 

as  a  part  of  Louisiana; —  the  assumption  of  the  Sover- 
eign power  by  an  association  of  Individuals;  and  the 
levying  and  embodying  Troops  with  a  view  to  the  sup- 
port of  an  independent  State,  and  the  extension  of  its 
limits,  cannot  I  presume  be  unknown  to  your  Excellency. 
These  proceedings,  Sir,  gave  to  my  Government  much 
solicitude  and  imposed  upon  it  the  necessity  of  resorting 
to  the  most  prompt  and  effectual  means,  for  the  pres- 
erva^ion  of  the  rights,  and  the  tranquility  of  the  United 
States.  The  taking  possession  of  the  Country  as  far  as 
the  River  perdido  has  in  consequence  been  determined 
on  by  the  president,  and  in  the  execution  of  his  orders  I 
now  occupy  the  Fort  at  Baton  Rouge,  its  Dependencies, 
and  the  several  adjoining  Districts. 

Your  Excellency  will  not  I  am  persuaded,  attribute 
this  measure  to  an  unfriendly  disposition  towards  Spain 
but  solely  to  those  just  and  weighty  considerations, 
which  are  so  forcible  detailed  in  the  enclosed  proclama- 
tion (by)  the  President  of  the  United  States  of  Amer- 
ica.— 

I  hope  sincerely  the  period  may  soon  arrive,  when 
the  limits  of  Louisiana,  will  become  the  subject  of  "fair 
and  friendly  discussion,"  between  our  respective  Gov- 
ernments; and  there  is  nothing  I  more  desire  than  that 
at  all  times  that  good  understanding  may  exist  between 
our  two  nations,  which  it  is  the  Interest  of  each  to  cher- 
ish.— 

With  Sentiments  of  the  most  distinguished  consider- 
ation, I  have  the  honor  to  be, 

&c  &c 

(signed)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
His  Excellency 

The  Governor  and  Capt. 
General  of  the  Island 
of  Cuba. 

HAVANNATi. 


62  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Robert  Smith 

Private,  Baton  Kongo  Doer  24-  1810. 

My  dear  Sir, 

My  appointments  to  office  will  for  the  most  part  bo 
taken  from  the  old  inhabitants  of  the  District.  A  Mr. 
George  Mather  an  Englishman  by  birth,  but  for  thirty 
five  years  past,  an  Inhabitant  of  the  District  of  Baton 
Rouge,  or  of  New  Orleans,  has  been  named  Judge  of  the 
parish  of  East  Baton  Rouge;  and  Mr.  Andrew  Steele, 
Judge  of  the  Parish  of  Foliciana.  Each  of  those  Gentle- 
men have  acquired  the  confidence  of  this  Society  and  are 
capable  honest  men,  and  well  effected  to  the  American 
Government. —  Judges  for  the  parishes  of  St.  Helena 
and  St.  Tammany  have  not  yet  been  named; —  there  is 
in  that  quarter  a  groat  scarcity  of  talent,  and  the  num- 
ber of  virtuous  men  too  (I  fear)  is  not  as  groat  as  I 
could  wish.  Mr.  Skipwith  has  boon  offered  a  commis- 
sion of  Justice  of  the  Peace,  but  ho  lias  declined  accept- 
ing:—  We  are  on  good  terms,  and  T  believe  lie  is  sin- 
cerely disposed  to  promote  the  interest  of  the  United 
States: —  But  the  sudden  fall  of  the  State  of  Florida  has 
evidently  affected  him;  and  I  suspect  he  still  thinks,  that 
the  local  authorities  as  established  here  by  the  people, 
ought  to  have  boon  consulted,  and  perhaps  treated  with 
previous  to  the  taking  possession  of  the  Country  by  the 
United  States.— 

It  is  very  certain  that  but  few  of  the  (Mti/cns,  hold 
lands  under  (what  are  called)  Moralis's  titles. —  !  had 
suspected  that  M.  Skipxvith  was  concerned  in  that  Spec- 
ulation, but  I  learn  to  the  contrary,  nor  does  he  seem  in 
his  conversation  \viTh  me,  to  take  any  interest  on  Iho 
subject— 

The  People  of  this  District  are  for  the  most  part  so- 
liciting that  Orleans  should  become  a  State,  and  1  am  as- 
sured that  such  also  is  the  wish  of  a  Majority  of  the  In- 
habitants throughout  the  Territory. 

F  have  had  no  confirmation  of  the  report  of  a  Revo- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         63 

lution  in  Cuba; —  in  the  progress  of  events  however, 
there  is  nothing  I  so  much  desire,  as  to  see  the  flag  of  my 
Country  reared  on  the  Moro  Castle.  Cuba  is  the  real 
mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  and  the  Nation  possessing  it 
can  at  any  time  command  the  trade  of  the  Western 
States.  Give  us  Cuba  and  the  American  Union  is  placed 
beyond  the  reach  of  change.— 

Govr.  Folch  I  expect  will  make  much  noise  about  the 
taking  possession  of  Baton  Rouge.  I  know  well  tlie  man 
&  shall  be  disappointed,  if  he  does  not  hold  a  menacing 
and  insulting  language.  I  wait  with  impatience  for  au- 
thority to  dispossess  him  per  force  of  Mobile. 

The  Ex-Spanish  Governor  of  Baton  Rouge  Col.  Las- 
suse —  was  released  from  confinement  (by  order  I  believe 
of  Mr.  Skipwith)  the  day  previous  to  my  arrival,  and 
has  since  resided  with  one  of  his  friends  on  the  opposite 
shore; —  I  have  seen  him  frequently  and  shown  him  all 
the  friendly  attention  in  my  power.  He  is  greatly 
chagrined  at  the  loss  of  the  Fort  and  the  Country,  and 
is  so  apprehensive  that  his  misfortunes  will  be  looked 
upon  as  crimes  by  his  Government  that  he  seems  desir- 
ous to  remain  for  the  present  under  the  protection  of 
the  United  States- 

On  the  26.  I  set  out  for  New  Orleans  to  encounter  the 
ensuing  winter,  all  the  intrigues  and  all  the  calumny  of 
Clark  and  Co.,  who  have  at  their  command  every  news- 
paper in  New  Orleans  except  the  Courrier,  most  of  the 
third  party  men,  and  of  the  disappointed  Office  Hunters, 
and  every  Bui-rite  in  the  Territory —  But  this  coalition 
gives  me  no  concern.  It  will  be  in  my  power,  I  trust,  to 
maintain  my  ground  against  all  my  enemies.— 

Present  my  best  wishes  to  Mrs  Smith. 

I  am  Dr  Sir, 
The  Ilonble  Your  sincere  friend 

Mr.  Smith  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Secv  of  State 


64  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

BY  WILLIAM  CHARLES  COLE  CLAIBORNE, 

Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans. 

BE  IT  KNOWN  That,  "  for  the  execution  of 
process  civil  and  criminal"  I  do,  by  virtue  of  the 
powers  in  me  vested,  under  the  Ordinance  of  Con- 
gress, for  the  government  of  the  Territory  of  Or- 
leans, Ordain  and  Decree,  that  there  be  estab- 
lished within  the  county  of  Fclieiana,  four  par- 
ishes, whose  limits  shall  be  as  follow,  to  wit: — •  All 
that  tract  of  country  lying  below  the  boundary  of 
the  Mississippi  Territory,  and  between  the  most 
eastern  branch  of  Thompson's  Creek  and  the 
River  Mississippi,  shall  form  the  first  1'arish.  and 
shall  be  called  the  Parish  of  Feliciana:—  All  that 
tract  of  country  lying  between  the  most  eastern 
branch  of  Thompson's  Creek  and  the  River  Ibcr- 
ville,  and  extending  from  the  River  Mississippi  to 
the  Amite,  shall  form  the  second  Parish,  to  be 
called  the  Parish  of  East  Baton  Rouge:—  All  that 
tract  of  country  lying  below  the  boundary  of  the 
Mississippi  Territory,  and  between  the  Amite  and 
the  River  Ponchitoola,  which  empties  into  the  lake 
Maurepas,  shall  form  the  third  Parish,  to  be 
called  the  Parish  of  St.  Helena:—  and  all  that 
tract  of  country  east  of  the  Ponchitoola,  includ- 
ing the  settlements  on  the  Chiffonta,  Rogcheto  and 
Pearl  Rivers,  shall  form  the  fourth  Parish,  to  be 
called  the  Parish  of  St.  Tammany:—  With  the 
residue  of  the  County  of  Feliciana  there  shall  be 
formed  such  other  Parishes  as  may  hereafter  be 
deemed  expedient. 

(ilVEX  under  my  hand  and  seal  at  Baton 
Rouge,  on  the  twenty  second  of  December,  in  the 
year  (S.  L.)  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hun- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         65 

dred  and  ten,  and  of  the  Independence   of  the 
United  States  of  America  the  thirty  fifth. 

WILLIAM  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE. 


To  Robert  Smith 

(Private)  New  Orleans  January  4.  1811 

Dr  Sir, 

It  is  understood  here  that  Mexico  is  in  a  state  of  rev- 
olution ; —  It  is  said  that  a  Governor  of  one  of  the  Prov- 
inces with  his  whole  family  has  been  massacred; —  that 
the  Creoles  of  the  Country  have  declared  for  Independ- 
ence, and  are  opposed  by  the  Vice-Roy  with  all  his  regu- 
lar troops,  assisted  by  the  Europeans ; —  that  a  terrible 
battle  has  been  fought  in  which  several  thousand  men 
perished ; —  that  the  Creoles  were  beaten,  but  their  cause 
was  the  popular  one,  and  numbers  were  flocking  to  their 
standard. 

Rumours  yet  prevail  of  a  Revolution  in  Cuba,  but  no 
accounts  are  received,  that  can  be  relied  on. —  There  are 
three  parties  in  Cuba,  an  English  party,  a  French  party, 
and  a  party  for  Independence.  The  first  is  the  most 
numerous,  but  the  other  two  united  include  a  majority 
of  the  Inhabitants. —  That  union  I  suspect  will  soon  take 
place,  and  I  hope  the  conditions  may  be  the  immediate 
declaration  of  Independence,  and  a  close  commercial 
connexion  with  the  United  States. 

The  intrigues  of  England  in  Spanish  America  should 
be  met  by  our  Government :  She  disavows  all  wish  for 
acquisition  of  Territory:  but  no  doubt  designs  to  secure 
to  herself  a  monopoly  of  the  trade,  and  hence  her  anxi- 
ety that  the  Spanish  possessions  should  be  preserved 
for  the  unfortunate  Ferdinand,  or  some  other  prince  who 
would  be  subservient  to  British  views.— 

I  am  Sir 
The  Honble  very  respectfully 

Mr.  Smith  yr.  ob :  hum:  Ser: 

Sec.  State  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

v— 5 


66  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Robert  Smith 

Baton  Rouge  Deer.  28.  1810. 
Sir, 

In  the  course  of  yesterday  and  on  this  morning  I  re- 
ceived from  Col :  Sparks,  the  officer  commanding  at  Fort 
Stoddart  communications  of  which  the  enclosed  No.  1,  2 
and  3  are  copies;  and  addressed  him  (pr.  Express)  in 
reply  letters  of  instructions  of  which  the  enclosed  N-  4. 
5.  and  6  are  copies.  I  also  availed  myself  of  this  occa- 
sion to  write  another  letter  to  Govr.  Folch  of  which  the 
paper  marked  (A)  is  a  copy. 

The  late  Revolution  in  Florida  brought  hither  very 
many  adventurers ;  and  I  much  fear  lest  those  who  have 
assembled  in  the  vicinity  of  Mobile,  may  commit  some 
outrages.  The  Detachment  of  Troops  destined  for  the 
Bay  St.  Louis  have  departed.—  The  presence  of  a  small 
force  in  that  quarter  will  (as  I  have  before  remarked,  to 
you)  give  coniidence  to  the  well  disposed  Citizens  and 
enable  the  civil  authority  to  hold  the  worthless  in  check. 

Col.  Sparks  seems  confident,  that  the  Fort  at  Mobile 
will  be  peaceably  placed  in  our  possession ;  But  for  my- 
self I  do  not  calculate  on  an  event  of  the  kind;  and  shall 
await  with  impatience  your  further  orders.— 

T  set  out  on  Tomorrow  for  New  Orleans ;  and 
have  the  honor  to  be 
Sir, 

very  respectfully 
The  Honble  yr  Ob  :  hum :  Ser  : 

Mr.  Smith  William  C.  C.  Claibornc 

Secretary  of  State. 

P.  S.  Tn  the  copy  (heretofore  transmitted)  of  my  letter 
under  date  of  the  20  Instant  to  the  several  Spanish 
Governors,  I  suspect  there  was  a  mistake,  the  following 
words  in  the  last  paragraph,  to  wit,  "between  our  two 
nations"  were  not  in  the  original  letter.  You  have  now 
enclosed  a  correct  copy  marked  (B)— 

W.  C.  C.  C. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  CM 

To  Robert  Smith 

Baton  Rouge  Deer.  27.  1810. 
Sir, 

I  fear  the  dissatisfaction  here  is  much  deeper  rooted 
than  I  at  first  supposed.  I  had  understood  that  the  ob- 
jections of  Mr.  Skipwith  and  others  were  principally  to 
the  manner  of  taking  possession; —  that  the  event  was  in 
itself  considered  a  matter  of  mutual  felicitation,  but  this 
impression  I  now  believe  to  be  erroneous.  On  the  day 
of  taking  possession  of  Baton  Rouge  I  never  witnessed 
more  apparent  cheerfulness.  Officers  of  the  Regular 
Army,  of  the  Militia  of  the  Country,  and  of  the  Conven- 
tion Troops,  (as  the  persons  were  termed  who  had  re- 
tired from  tho  fort)  were  sociable  and  friendly.  The 
Citizens  also  who  were  at  the  time  at  Baton  Rouge,  (and 
there  were  Individuals  I  believe  from  every  part  of  the 
District)  among  who,  I  noticed  some  members  of  the 
Convention  and  of  the  Florida  Assembly)  joined  in  the 
hilarity  of  the  moment,  and  gave  me  every  reason  to  be- 
lieve that  the  event  of  the  day,  had  diffused  general  sat- 
isfaction. Under  these  circumstances  it  was  Sir,  that 
under  date  of  the  10th  Instant  I  stated  to  you  that  "all 
was  harmony  and  good  will;"  -  but  I  learned  on  yester- 
day and  to  my  great  surprise,  that  the  last  act  of  the 
Florida  Assembly  was  to  leave  on  record  an  expression 
of  their  disapprobation  of  the  conduct  of  the  American 
Government.  It  was  conveyed  in  an  answer  by  the  As- 
sembly to  an  address  from  Mr.  Skipwith  at  the  com- 
mencement of  their  session,  and  which  answer  was  unani- 
mously adopted  on  the  morning  of  the  10.  December. 
This  document  is  now  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Skipwith, 
and  by  him  was  read  to  me  yesterday,  in  the  presence 
of  Col.  Covington. —  My  memory  does  not  enable  me  to 
detail  its  contents;  but  much  dissatisfaction  is  expressed, 
and  (if  I  am  riot  greatly  mistaken)  an  idea  is  also  con- 
veyed that  the  power  of  the  United  States  and  the  weak- 
ness of  the  State  of  Florida  had  induced  the  uncondition- 


68  '    MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

al  submission  of  the  latter.  Whether  publicity  will  ever 
be  given  to  this  document  I  know  not ;  but  I  owe  it  to  my- 
self and  the  Government  to  apprise  you  of  its  existence. 
The  policies  of  the  Florida  Convention  and  of  the  Gov- 
ernor and  general  assembly  of  Florida  seem  to  have  to 
have  been  different.  The  former  were  solicitous  for  the 
protection  of  the  United  States,  and  earnestly  desired 
that  possession  under  the  Treaty  of  1803  or  on  any  other 
grounds  might  be  speedily  taken :  The  latter  also  wished 
the  protection  of  the  United  States  (and  such  a  sentiment 
is  expressed  in  the  answer  I  have  alluded  to)  but  they 
expected  to  be  treated  with  as  an  independent  State ;  and 
to  have  been  incorporated  into  the  Union  upon  their  own 
Terms.— 

I  certainly  have  reason  to  be  confirmed  in  the  opin- 
ion heretofore  given  you,  that  a  great  majority  of  the 
people  are  much  pleased  that  possession  of  the  Country 
has  been  taken  by  the  United  States :  But  Sir,  there  is  a 
dissatisfied  party,  and  if  they  should  feel  disposed  to  be 
troublesome  there  is  a  description  of  people  in  the  Dis- 
trict well  suited  to  their  purposes :  I  mean  those  adven- 
turers of  desperate  character  and  fortunes,  who  always 
sicken  and  become  restless  under  the  rule  of  a  good  Gov- 
ernment and  just  laws.— 

I  have  reason  to  believe  that  the  holders  of  Moralis' 
titles  are  desirous  to  enlist  the  mass  of  the  people  in 
their  favor.  Many  of  the  actual  settlers  have  made  im- 
provements, and  some  of  them  surveys  by  virtue  of  a 
permission  in  writing  by  the  late  Governor  Grandprie, 
bearing  date  subsequent  to  the  30  of  April  ISO.']  and  it 
is  pretended  by  some  of  the  Speculators  that  if  Moralis' 
Titles  fail,  Grandprie's  permissions  will  also  be  of  no 
avail;—  This  suggestion  I  find  has  made  an  impression, 
which  I  have  endeavored  to  remove  by  adverting  to  the 
indulgence,  the  bountv  of  the  Government  on  former  oc- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  69 

casions,  and  expressing  my  entire  conviction  that  a  just 
liberality  would  be  extended  to  the  actual  settlers.— 

I  have  the  honor  to  be 

Sir, 

The  Honble  with  great  respect, 

Mr  Smith  yr.  ob :  hum :  Ser : 

Sec :  State.  William  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Robert  Smith 

New  Orleans  January  3.  1811 
Sir, 

It  was  not  until  yesterday  that  I  had  the  honor  to  re- 
ceive your  letters  of  the  2  and  15  of  November  last ;  the 
one  covering  a  paper  containing  an  official  Declaration 
on  the  part  of  Great  Britain  respecting  Spanish  America, 
and  the  other  enclosing  copies  of  a  memorial  from  the 
Florida  Convention,  and  of  a  letter  from  the  Secretary 
at  War  to  Govr.  Holmes,  from  which  I  have  the  senti- 
ments of  the  president  on  the  propositions  which  the 
memorial  contains.  I  have  been  happy  in  anticipating 
the  opinions  of  the  President  on  this  subject,  and  my 
conduct  towards  the  people  of  Florida,  has  been  such 
as  I  am  now  assured  will  be  approved.  I  avowed  im- 
mediately on  my  entering  the  District,  that  no  authority 
in  Florida  was  recognized  by  my  Government,  and  that 
so  far  from  acceding  to  terms,  I  could  not  even  counte- 
nance proposals  of  the  kind. —  As  related  to  the  claim  to 
the  vacant  lands  it  was  introduced  occasionally  in  con- 
versation, but  never  pressed.  It  seems  that  the  General 
Assembly  of  Florida  had  passed  an  act  making  a  dona- 
tion in  land  to  each  officer  and  soldier  who  should  serve 
in  the  expedition  to  Mobile  and  Pensacola ; —  I  have  not 
seen  the  act ;  and  do  not  know  the  quantum  of  the  pro- 
posed donation,  but  understand  that  it  was  liberal.  When 
I  arrived  at  S.  Francisvillo,  an  expedition  in  (which 
about  six  hundred  men  were  to  be  employed)  was  on  the 


70  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

point  of  setting  out,  and  the  disappointment  was  to  many 
individuals  a  source  ol'  regret.  Then  it  was,  that  I  heard 
the  claim  to  the  vacant  land  mentioned; —  But  the  sub- 
ject did  not  seem  to  excite  much  interest.  The  honest 
Settlers  of  the  Country  however,  feel  and  express  much 
solicitude ;  and  to  them  I  have  not  hesitated  to  say,  that 
they  would  experience  the  same  indulgence  justice  and 
liberality  which  had  been  rendered  by  the  Government 
to  the  actual  settlers  in  the  other  Territories. 

When  I  left  Baton  Rouge  good  order  prevailed,  and 
every  thing  was  tranquil;  but  there  are  persons  in  that 
vicinity  Avho  are  not  entirely  satisfied  witli  the  late 
change  in  their  affairs;  and  to  whom  my  administration 
of  the  Government  will  probably  not  be  satisfactory.  It 
is  certainly  very  honorable  to  the  Convention  that  the 
subversion  of  the  Spanish  authority  was  effected  with 
but  little  blood  shed,  and  no  oppression  was  subsequently 
felt  by  any  class  of  the  Citizens: —  But  I  find  that  the 
most  bitter  prejudices  were  fostered  by  some  individuals 
of  the  patriotic  party,  against  those  who  did  not  ap- 
prove all  their  proceedings.  It  is  wished  that  I  also 
should  participate  in  those  prejudices,  and  act  under 
their  influence  in  appointing  to  office;  but  such  a  conduct 
does  not  comport  with  my  disposition  to  be  just  to  all 
parties,  nor  with  that  conciliatory  deportment  which  it 
is  my  duty  to  observe. 

Major  Milton  witli  one  hundred  men  had  arrival  here 
and  would  have  proceeded  tomorrow  towards  the  Bay 
St.  Louis,  but  (Jenl.  Hampton  has  reached  Baton  liouge, 
and  given  instructions  for  the  immediate  return  of  Major 
Milton  and  his  command  to  that  place.  I  n'tis  xolicilous, 
fjreatly  solicitous  to  prescribe  the  limits  of  a  parish  on 
the  Bay  St.  Louis  and  to  enforce  in  that  quarter  the 
Laws  of  the  Territory:  but  without  the  presence  of  a 
military  force  it  cannot  be  done.  My  construction  of  the 
orders  of  the  Secretarv  at  AYar  of  the  27.  October  does 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         71 

not  accord  with  the  one  which  Genl.  Hampton  has  given 
them;  or  the  recall  of  Major  Milton  would  not  have  been 
so  immediate. 

Mobile  continues  in  possession  of  the  Spaniards,  and 
it  is  not  believed  they  will  withdraw  therefrom.  No 
answers  are  yet  received  to  the  letters  I  addressed  to 
Govr.  Folch;  but  they  will  not  I  am  sure  be  satisfactory. 
On  the  contrary  I  suspect  he  will  evidence  much  discon- 
tent- 

I  have  the  honor  to  be 
SIR, 

very  respectfully 
The  Honble.  yr :  ob :  hum :  Servant 

Mr.  Smith  William  C.  C.  Claiborne. 

Sec :  State. 


From  Col.  Sparks 
Copy— 
SIR, 

By  Lt.  Wau  (?)  I  have  received  a  letter  from  you  of 
the  12th  Instant  enclosing  the  proclamation  of  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  IT.  S.  dated  27.  last  October,  which  I  will  send 
by  express  to  his  Excellency  the  Marquis  de  Lowenulos, 
on  whom  I  depend,  and  of  his  answer  I  shall  give  you 
notice  as  soon  as  it  comes  to  my  hands —  May  God  pre- 
serve you  many  years- 
Mobile  14  Deer.  1810. 

Col:  Sparks.  (signed)     V.  Fokli 

Com :  Ft,  Stoddart. 


Fort  Stoddart  Deer.  21.  1810 
SIR, 

On  the  16.  Instant  I  wrote  you  enclosing  a  rovn-  of  a 
letter  I  received  from  His  Excellency  Govr.  Folch,  on  his 
receiving  the  President's  proclamation.  As  a  conven- 


72  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

lent  opportunity  offers  by  Mr.  Nicholson  I  think  proper 
to  give  you  the  substance  of  that  letter,  that  if  it  should 
have  miscarried  you  may  still  be  possessed  of  its  con- 
tents.—  -  The  Gov.  writes  thus— 
'  'Sir 

By  Lt.  Wau  I  have  received  yours  of  the  12th  Instant 
enclosing  the  proclamation  of  the  President  of  the  U.  S. 
dated  27.  last  October,  which  I  will  send  by  express  to 
his  Excellency  the  Marquis  de  Lowenulos,  on  whom  I 
depend  and  of  his  answer  I  shall  give  you  notice  as  soon 

as  it  comes  to  my  hands May  God  preserve  you 

many  years- 
Mobile  14.  Deer.  1810. 

To  R.  Sparks.  V.  Folch" 

Com:  Ft.  Stoddart, 


Since  my  letter  to  you  of  the  date  before  mentioned, 
I  have  in  obedience  to  your  request  issued  the  necessary 
orders  respecting  the  force  under  my  command,  as  also 
the  Militia  under  the  command  of  Col.  Ja.  Caller. 

It  is  with  much  pleasure  I  assure  you  that  five  com- 
plete companies  of  Volunteers  await  with  anxiety  for  the 
command  to  march,  and  that  a  small  deficiency  of  arms 
amongst  thorn,  I  shall  be  able  to  supply  from  the  public 
stores  at  this  place.— 

The  force  under  my  immediate  command  awaits  the 
moment's  warning.  If  called  on  Sir  to  cooperate  with 
you  I  shall  rejoice  to  have  an  opportunity  to  convince 
my  Country  /whatever  my  services  may  be/  that  thirty 
years  of  active  service  have  not  extinguished  my  Zeal 
for  the  welfare  of  the  land  that  gave  me  birth.  Waiting 
your  communications,  I  bog  leave  to  express  to  you  again 
my  personal  esteem  &c  &c 

His  Excellency  R.  SPARKS  Lt.  Col:  Com: 

W.  C.  C.  Claibornc 
&c  &c 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         73 

From  Col.  Sparks 
Copy 

Fort  Stoddart  Deer.  21.  1810. 
Sir, 

About  an  hour  ago  I  received  your  letter  by  Capt. 
Smith,  and  shall  proceed  to  answer  it  as  correctly  as 
possible,  also  to  give  you  satisfactory  reasons  for  the 
steps  I  have  taken,  which  I  view  as  authorized  by  an 
imperious  necessity,  and  I  hope  will  meet  your  approba- 
tion. 

For  several  days  past  Col :  Kemper  has  been  assem- 
bling a  second  party  of  men  in  the  vicinity  of  this  place, 
the  object  has  until  a  few  hours  ago  been  unknown. 
From  his  behaviour  and  expressions  on  seeing  the  proc- 
lamation, I  could  not  believe  that  he  meditated  a  second 
attack  on  the  Town  of  Mobile,  or  that  he  would  take  any 
steps  calculated  to  disturb  its  tranquility,  or  the  arrange- 
ments you  were  making.  I  hold  however  undoubted 
proof  that  his  object  is  to  commit  depredations  on  tlie 
Inhabitants,  and  probably  deluge  it  in  blood,  as  a  re- 
venge for  the  late  unhappy  affair  which  took  place  be- 
tween a  party  of  his  men  and  the  inhabitants  of  the  place, 
the  latter  headed  by  the  Governor  Folch,  and  of  which 
transaction  you  are  no  doubt  well  apprized.  From  every 
circumstance  I  have  become  possessed  of  since  the  proc- 
lamation reached  Mobile,  and  from  every  communica- 
tion I  have  received  from  Individuals,  it  evidently  ap- 
pears that  the  citizens  are  determined  to  take  no  part  in 
the  affair;  but  secure  in  the  declarations  of  the  Presi- 
dent of  protection,  will  remain  spectators.  I  have  con- 
sequently with  the  advice  of  my  officers  dispatched  Capt. 
Gaines,  and  three  more  commissioned  officers  with  fifty 
men  to  proceed  to  Mobile  and  to  take  a  station  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Town  to  stop  Col:  Kemper  (if  possible) 
and  party  in  their  carreer,  after  whom  however  I  have 


74  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

sent  a  Gentleman  to  induce  him  to  return  or  otherwise 
take  no  active  part  until  farther  orders. 

The  people  are  quiet  and  returning  to  the  place  highly 
pleased,  with  the  prospect  of  the  meditated  change.  The 
fort  contains  from  the  best  information  from  80  to  100 
men ;—  -  mounts  36  pieces  of  heavy  artilery  surrounded 
by  a  deep  ditch,  and  a  wall  of  18  feet-thick  built  of  brick. 
Part  of  the  Soldiery  are  old  Spanish  troops  apparently 
not  much  to  be  relied  on ;  a  part  Walchanangoes ;  the  last 
are  said  to  be  brave  men.  The  officer  who  it  is  said  has 
the  real  command,  is  called  an  experienced  military  char- 
acter. The  Commandant  of  Mobile  Don  Perez  is  also  in 
the  fort.—  The  (Jovernor  I  am  informed  is  in  Pensa- 
cola,  from  which  place  I  do  not  believe  there  can  be  any 
reinforcements  sent  to  Mobile.— 

From  information  which  I  have  this  day  received  I 
feel  sanquine  the  place  will  be  delivered  to  Capt.  Gaines 
immediately  on  his  arrival,  if  not  I  feel  equally  so,  that 
his  presence  will  produce  no  disagreeable  effects;  one 
benefit  will  be  gained  I  sincerely  hope  by  his  presence4, 
the  effusion  of  blood  with  its  horrid  attendant  conse- 
quences will  be  prevented  on  the  part  of  Kemper,  which 
I  view  as  peculiarly  desirable  at  this  moment,  should  be 
prevented,  as  wounds  might  be  inflicted  at  this  time, 
which  would  make  no  agreeable  record  in  the  annals  of 
our  nation;  and  to  which  none  can  be  or  are  more  averse 
than  yourself.  Those  considerations  to  me  of  great  im- 
portance have  induced  me  to  take  the  steps  1  have,  but 
also  hope  that  they  will  coincide  with  your  feelings,  and 
meet  perfectly  your  approbation.  My  letter  by  Mr. 
Nicholson  will  give  you  a  correct  vie\v  of  the  force,  on 
which  I  can  rely.  On  the  arrival  of  Capt.  Games'  com- 
munications to  me,  you  will  receive  by  a  dispatch  their 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  75 

contents,  as  also  be  apprized  of  whatever  may  take  place 
here.1 — 

I  am  with  real  esteem 

&c  &c 

(signed)     B.  SPARKS  Lt.  Col:  Com. 
His  Excellency 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
&c  &c 


To  Col.  Sparks 

Baton  Rouge  Deer.  27.  1810 
Sir, 

Your  letter  of  the  16th  Instant  with  its  enclosure  has 
been  received.  You  acted  correctly  in  transmitting  to 
Govr.  Folch  a  copy  of  the  President's  proclamation  and 
I  wish  the  letter  which  that  officer  addressed  you  in  re- 
turn had  been  more  satisfactory.  The  enclosed  package 
for  Govr.  Folch  you  will  be  pleased  to  forward  him  by 
an  officer,  with  instructions  to  the  officer,  to  await  an 
answer  and  to  bear  the  same  to  me  at  New  Orleans  with 
all  possible  expidition.  In  the  mean  time  I  have  only  to 
advise  and  request  that  you  hold  your  whole  command 
in  a  state  of  readiness,  to  move  at  a  moment's  warning. — 

It  is  in  contemplation  to  establish  a  military  post  at 
or  near  the  Bay  St  Louis,  and  with  that  view  two  Com- 
panies under  the  Command  of  Major  Milton  will  leave 
this  Garrison  on  Tomorrow.— 

I  shall  be  at  Xew  Orleans  on  the  morning  of  the  2nd 
of  January,  to  which  place  you  will  direct  your  acknowl- 
edgement of  this  Letter.— 

I  am  Sir, 

&c  ice- 
Col :  SPARKS.  (signed)     Win.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

1  A  good  account  of  the  Kempers  part  in  the  Revolution  of  West  Flor- 
ida may  be  found  in  Picketts  Alabama,  11,  236. 


76  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Col.  Gushing 
gir  Baton  Rouge  Deer.  27.  1810. 

If  at  any  time  previous  to  the  receipt  of  further  dis- 
patches from  me,  you  should  have  good  reason  to  believe, 
that  a  disposition  exists  on  the  part  of  Govr.  Folch,  or 
the  Officer  commanding  the  Fort  of  Mobile,  peaceably  to 
retire  therefrom,  you  will  by  letter  invite  such  evacua- 
tion; and  you  have  my  authority  forwith  to  receive  and 
occupy  the  fort  taking  with  you  or  detaching  for  that 
purpose  under  the  command  of  a  proper  Officer,  such 
number  of  men  as  you  may  suppose  the  extent  of  the 
Fort  to  be  garrisoned  may  require.  In  the  event  that 
the  Spanish  Officer  may  wish  to  retire  as  aforesaid,  he 
is  not  to  be  prevented  from  taking  away  with  him  the 
cannon,  arms  and  all  other  military  stores.  But  I  ad- 
vise and  request  that  you  enter  into  no  formal  negotia- 
tion, nor  sign  any  instrument  of  writing  which  should 
look  like  articles  of  convention  or  of  capitulation.  The 
President  in  his  proclamation  guaranties  to  the  Inhabi- 
tants of  the  Country,  about  to  be  taken  possession  of 
''their  liberty  property  and  religion,"  and  to  his  agents 
in  the  Territory  it  only  belongs  to  take  care,  that,  that 
guaranty  is  not  violated.— 

I  am  Sir, 

&c  &c 

(signed)     Wm.  C.  C.  Claiboruc 
Col:  Gushing  ) 

or  Officer  ) 

Commanding  ) 

at  ) 

Fort  Stoddart.       ) 


To  Col.  Spark* 

Baton  Rouge  Deer.  28.  1810. 

Since  my  communication  of  yesterday  forwarded  by 
the  way  of  New  Orleans,  your  letters  of  the  21.  instant 
have  been  delivered  me  by  Capt.  Smith.— 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         77 

The  conduct  of  Reuben  Kemper  and  his  associates  is 
highly  censurable,  and  the  means  you  have  resorted  to 
with  a  view  of  preventing  the  fulfilment  of  their  san- 
guinary purposes  meet  my  approbation;  I  have  only  to 
regret  that  the  force  under  Captain  Gaines  should  be  so 
limited: —  I  fear  it  may  not  prove  equal  to  the  accom- 
plishment of  the  laudable  object  for  which  it  is  destined, 
the  defeating  of  Kemper 's  project: — But  you  possess 
the  advantages  of  local  information  and  will  send  such 
reinforcements  to  Capt.  Gaines  as  the  occasion  may  re- 
quire. 

In  the  event  that  possession  of  the  Fort  of  Mobile  is 
not  tendered  on  the  demand  which  you  design  to  make, 
it  will  then  be  proper  that  you  inform  the  officer  com- 
manding the  Fort,  that  you  are  restricted  (until  further 
orders)  from  using  force  against  him;  but  having  been 
apprized  that  a  number  of  Individuals,  headed  by  Reu- 
ben Kemper,  had  assembled  in  arms  for  the  purpose  of 
committing  depredations  on  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Dis- 
trict of  Mobile,  and  probably  deluging  it  in  blood,  you  had 
assumed  your  present  position,  and  would  use  all  the 
means  in  your  power  to  defend  the  persons  and  property 
of  the  Inhabitants  of  Mobile,  from  the  lawless  attacks  of 
Kemper  and  his  associates.— 

If  you  should  find  that  Kemper  and  his  associates 
design  an  attack  against  Pensacola,  you  will  be  equally 
Zealous  to  defeat  that  project  also; —  An  Enterprise  in 
that  quarter  is  alike  opposed  to  the  laws  of  the  United 
States  and  to  that  good  understanding  which  exists,  be- 
tween Spain  and  the  United  States.— 
I  am  Sir 

&c  &c 
Col:  Sparks  (signed)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


78  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Gov.  Folcli 

Baton  Rouge  Deer.  27.  1810. 
Sir, 

Having  been  informed  that  your  Excellency  was  on 
the  14th.  of  this  month  at  the  Fort  of  Mobile,  I  beg  leave 
to  address  to  you  at  that  place  a  duplicate  of  my  letter 
under  date  of  the  20.  Instant  covering  a  copy  of  a  Procla- 
mation by  the  President  of  the  United  States.— 

Persuaded  as  I  am  that  under  existing  circumstances, 
the  taking  possession  of  the  Country  as  far  as  the  Per- 
dido  (as  expressed  in  the  Proclamation)  is  advised  by  the 
mutual  Interest  of  our  respective  nations ;  and  perfectly 
assured,  Sir,  that  the  measure  has  been  directed  by  my 
Government,  with  no  view  unfriendly  to  yours,  I  cannot 
avoid  Sir,  the  expression  of  a  wTish,  that  your  Excellency 
may  not  feel  it  a  duty  to  interpose  your  opposition.— 

An  Officer  of  the  United  States  Army  waits  upon  your 
Excellency  with  this  communication,  ready  to  bear  to  me 
such  answer  as  you  may  think  proper  to  return  to  it.— 

I  avail  myself  of  this  occasion  to  tender  to  your  Ex- 
cellency the  assurances  of  my  great  respect,  and  sincere 
esteem,  and  have  the  honor  to  be 

&c  &c 

(signed)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborno 
His  Excellency 

(iovr.  Eolch. 


To  ('apt.  GcnL  of  Cuba 

Baton  Rouge  Dorr.  20.  1810. 
SIR, 

The  subversion  of  the  Spanish  authorities,  in  the  Ter- 
ritory of  AVest  Florida,  to  which  as  far  as  the  River  Per- 
dido,  the  United  States  has  never  ceased  to  lay  claim  as 
a  part  of  Louisiana;  the  assumption  of  the  sovereign 
power  by  an  association  of  Individuals ; —  and  the  levying 
and  embodying  of  Troops  with  a  view  to  the  Support  of 
an  Independent  State,  and  the  extension  of  its  limits,  can- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         79 

not  I  presume  be  unknown  to  your  Excellency.  These 
proceeding  Sir,  gave  to  my  Government  much  solicitude, 
and  imposed  upon  it  the  necessity  of  resorting  to  the  most 
prompt  and  effectual  means,  for  the  preservation  of  the 
rights,  and  the  tranquility  of  the  United  States.  The 
taking  possession  of  the  Country  as  far  as  the  River  Per- 
dido,  has  in  consequence  been  determined  on  by  the  Pres- 
ident, and  in  the  execution  of  his  orders,  I  now  occupy  the 
Fort  of  Baton  Rouge,  its  Dependencies  and  the  several 
adjoining  Districts.— 

Your  Excellency  will  not  I  am  persuaded  attribute 
this  unfriendly  disposition 

toward  Spain,  but  solely  to  those  just  and  weighty  con- 
siderations which  are  so  forcibly  detailed  in  the  enclosed 
proclamation  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  of 
America. 

I  hope  sincerely  the  period  may  soon  arrive,  when  the 
limits  of  Louisiana,  will  become  the  subject  of  "full  and 
friendly  discussion,"  between  our  respective  Govern- 
ments; and  there  is  nothing  I  more  desire,  than  that  at 
all  times,  that  good  understanding  may  exist  which  it  is 
the  interest  of  each  to  cherish. 

With  sentiments  of  the  most  distinguished  considera- 
tion, I  have  the  honor  to  be, 

Your  Excellency's 
His  Excellency  most  obedient, 

The  Governor,  and  very  humble 

and  Captain  General  Servant, 

of  the  Island  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

of  Cuba 

HAVANNAH. 


To  William  King 

Fort  Adams,  Deer.  5.  1810 
Sir, 

You  will  proceed  to  the  Town  of  Baton  Rouge  and 
distribute  among  the  Citizens  of  that  place,  and  its  vi- 


80  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

cinity,  the  enclosed  copies  of  a  proclamation  by  the  Pres- 
ident of  the  United  States. 

On  your  way  to  Baton  Rouge  and  on  your  arrival 
there,  you  will  in  your  conversations  with  the  Citizens, 
endeavour  to  ascertain  their  sentiments  towards  the 
American  Government,  and  whether  in  executing  the  or- 
ders of  the  President,  which  direct  me  to  take  possession 
of  the  District  of  Baton  Rouge  as  a  part  of  the  Territory 
of  Orleans,  I  am  likely  to  meet  opposition  or  a  cordial 
reception  and  support. 

You  will  continue  no  longer  at  Baton  Rouge  than  may 
be  necessary  to  distribute  the  proclamations,  and  you 
will  then  cross  the  river,  and  deliver  to  Col :  William 
Wykoff,  jnr.  the  enclosed  letter,  with  whom  you  will  pro- 
ceed up  the  river  to  Point  Coupie,  at  which  place,  or 
somewhere  in  its  vicinity,  you  will  find  me.— 

If  you  should  be  asked  whether  I  had  left  Natchez, 
you  will  answer  in  the  affirmative ;  and  may  add  that  my 
arrival  may  be  momently  expected  in  the  District  of  Ba- 
ton Rouge.  If  asked  whether  the  Troops  had  left 
Natches,  you  will  answer  in  the  negative,  but  may  add 
that  preparations  were  making  for  a  speedy  movement.— 
To  any  enquiries  which  may  be  addressed  you  relative 
to  the  particular  service  in  which  the  Troops  are  to  be 
employed  or  as  to  the  views  of  the  American  Government 
generally  towards  Florida,  you  will  answer,  that  the 
proclamation  of  the  President  contains  all  the  informa- 
tion you  have  on  the  subject. 

You  will  receive  this  communication  in  entire  Confi- 
dence designed  for  your  sole  perusal,  and  as  a  proof  of 
the  high  opinion  I  entertain  of  your  discretion  and  fidel- 
ity to  the  United  States. 

I  am  Sir 
Mr.  William  King.  very  respectfully 

Your  Ob.  Servt. 
(Signed)       William  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  81 

To  Robert  Smith 

0.  New  Orleans  January  5.  1811 

oir, 

The  enclosed  statements  in  writing  No.  1.  and  2  as  to 
the  anarchy  and  confusion  which  prevails  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Bay  St.  Louis,  and  the  Rivers  Viloxy  and  pasca- 
goula, were  received  on  yesterday.  The  expediency  of 
making  immediate  efforts  to  extend  to  that  quarter  the 
Laws  of  the  Territory  is  now  evident ;  and  I  have  accord- 
ingly passed  an  ordinance  establishing  the  parishes  of 
Viloxy  and  pascagoula,  and  dispatched  to  those  places 
Doctor  Flood  under  special  instructions.  Copies  of  the 
Ordinance  and  of  the  instructions  are  herewith  enclosed 
marked  A.  &  B. — 

A  few  Gun  boats  will  very  soon  be  coming  in  the 
Lakes,  under  the  orders  of  Commodore  Shaw;  and  they 
will  be  instructed,  to  support  the  civil  authorities.  Per- 
haps I  may  be  enabled  to  support  good  order  in  the  par- 
ishes of  Viloxy  and  pascagoula,  without  the  presence  of 
a  military  force,  but  I  much  doubt  it.1— 

I  have  received  no  answer  to  my  letters  to  Governor 

Folch. 0. 

1  am  Sir, 

The  Honble  very  respectfully, 

Mr.  Smith,  Your  Ob :  hum :  Ser : 

Sec :  State.  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

1  A  good,  original  source  of  information  of  the  Revolution  of  West 
Florida  in  all  its  details  is  the  letter  book  of  Gov.  David  Holmes,  of 
Mississippi  Territory,  for  1810-11,  on  file  in  the  Mississippi  Department 
of  Archives  and  History.  His  letters  to  the  National  Government  kept 
the  President  and  Secretary  of  State  advised  as  to  public  sentiment  and 
the  course  of  events  which  culminated  in  the  declaration  of  independ- 
ence by  the  representatives  of  the  people. 

The  transcripts  of  Spanish  archives  on  file  in  the  Department,  in 
connection  with  the  Holmes  journal,  afford  the  investigator  ample  ma- 
terial for  a  thorough  study  of  all  sides  of  the  controversy  over  West 
Florida  and  of  the  revolution  growing  out  of  it.  A  list  of  these  tran- 
scripts of  documents  in  Spanish  archives  relating  to  the  history  of  the 
United  States,  may  be  found  in  No.  124,  of  the  publication  of  Carnegie 
Institution  of  Washington. 

V— 6 


82  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Dr.  William  Flood1 
New  Orleans  January  5.  1811. 
Sir, 

Having  understood  that  the  good  Citizens  inhabiting 
a  tract  of  Country  situated  on  the  Bay  St.  Louis;  the 
Rivers  Viloxy  and  Pascagoula  and  the  Bayou  Batin  were 
in  a  state  of  Anarchy,  acknowledging  no  authority,  but 
that  of  a  Commandant  appointed  by  the  late  Florida 
Convention,  or  some  individual  acting  under  their  or- 
ders ;  I  have  passed  an  Ordinance  by  which  the  Tract  of 
Country  aforesaid  is  divided  into  two  distinct  Parishes, 
and  am  desirous  to  enforce  within  the  same  as  soon  as 
possible  the  laws  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans :  You  will 
therefore  proceed  from  hence  by  the  Bay  St.  Louis,  and 
the  Bay  Viloxy  to  the  Mouth  of  Pascagoula.  On  your 
arrival  at  Bay  St.  Louis,  you  will  cause  the  American 
Standard  to  be  reared;  and  to  be  circulated  among  the 
Inhabitants,  copies  of  the  enclosed  Ordinance  establish- 
ing the  Parish  of  Viloxy. 

You  have  two  commissions  for  Justices  of  the  Peace 
also  enclosed  the  one  for  Simeion  Favre-  and  the  other 
for  Fortesque  Coming,  which  you  will  be  pleased  to  have 
delivered.  You  have  also  two  blank  Commissions,  for 
justices  of  the  peace  for  Viloxy,  which  you  will  fill  up 
with  the  names  of  such  Citizens  as  you  may  find  best  en- 
titled to  the  Confidence.  An  Elderly  Gentleman  residing 
at  the  pass  of  Christian  has  been  represented  to  me  as  a 
man  of  honesty  and  good  demeanor,  and  if  upon  enquiry 
you  find  such  representation  correct  you  will  be  pleased 
to  present  him  with  one  of  said  Commissions. 

From  the  Bay  St.  Louis  you  will  proceed  to  the  Mouth 
of  Pascagoula  where  you  will  cause  to  be  reared  the 
American  standard;  and  to  be  circulated  among  the  In- 

1  Beginning  of  Volume  VII. 

2  Simon  Favre      For  sketch  see  Encyclopedia  of  Mississippi  History, 
Vol.  1,  p.  699. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         OO 

habitants  copies  of  the  ordinance  establishing  the  Pa- 
rish of  Pascagoula.  You  are  entrusted  with  four  blank 
commissions  for  Justices  of  the  peace  in  the  parish  of 
Pascagoula  which  you  will  fill  up  with  the  names  of  such 
Citizens  as  (from  the  best  information  you  can  obtain) 
you  shall  deem  most  entitled  to  public  confidence. 

To  the  several  Justices  of  the  peace  you  will  adminis- 
ter an  Oath  to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  and  also  an  Oath  of  Office ;  and  present  to  each  a 
copy  of  the  Civil  Code,  and  of  the  Laws  of  the  Territory 
of  which  eight  copies  will  be  delivered  to  your  Order  on 
tomorrow  by  Mr.  Vassant. 

It  has  been  confidently  stated  to  me  that  a  Mr.  Duprie 
styling  Major  and  acting  as  he  says  under  a  commission 
"from  Reuben  Kemper,  styling  himself  Col:  in  the  service 
of  the  Florida  Convention,  has  at  his  command  a  body  of 
armed  men,  principally  Americans ;  and  that  Duprie  has 
committed  depredations  on  the  good  Inhabitants  of  Pas- 
cagoula. It  will  be  advisable  that  you  see  Duprie  or  some 
of  his  confidential  associates;  that  you  inform  him  or 
them  that  the  powers  of  the  Florida  Convention  are  no 
more;  that  the  people  of  Pascagoula  are  now  under  the 
protection  of  the  American  Government;  and  that  the 
authority  of  the  Laws  will  be  brought  to  bear  against 
the  disturbers  of  the  public  peace,  and  the  violaters  of 
the  rights  of  others. 

Commodore  Shaw  will  furnish  you  with  a  Boat;  and 
Captain  Far  ragout  of  the  navy  will  accompany  you.  He 
is  well  acquainted  with  the  Country  and  the  people ;  and 
may  be  serviceable  as  an  Interpreter  of  the  Spanish  lan- 
guage. 

You  will  purchase  on  the  public  account  two  stand  of 
Colors ;  and  keep  an  account  of  all  your  expences  which 
shall  be  remunerated. 

I  shall  expect  on  your  return  a  report  in  writing,  stat- 
ing all  occurances  of  importance ;  and  in  which  report  you 


84  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

will  give  a  description  of  the  Coast,  the  Country,  popula- 
tion soil,  and  productions.1 

Wishing  you  an  agreeable  voyage  and  the  enjoyment 
of  good  health 

I  am  Sir,  &c 

Doctor  Flood.  (sgd)      W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

P.  S.  You  have  enclosed  several  Copies  of  an  address 
from  me  to  the  Inhabitants,  which  you  will  cause  to  be 
distributed. 


To  Robert  Smith 

New  Orleans  January  5.  1811. 
oir, 

The  enclosed  statements  in  writing  No.  1  &  2  as  to  the 
anarchy  and  confusion  which  prevails  in  the  Vicinity  of 
the  Bay  St.  Louis  and  the  Rivers  Viloxy  and  Pascagoula, 
were  received  on  yesterday.  The  expediency  of  making 
immediate  efforts  to  extend  to  that  quarter  the  Laws  of 
this  Territory  is  now  evident;  and  T  have  accordingly 
passed  an  Ordinance  establishing  the  Parsihes  of  Viloxy 
and  Pascagoula;  and  dispatched  to  those  places  Doctr. 
Flood  under  special  instructions.  Copies  of  the  ordi- 
nance, and  of  the  instructions  are  herewith  enclosed 
marked  A.  and  "B. 

A  few  (Inn  boats  will  very  soon  be  cruising  in  the 
Lakes,  under  the  orders  of  Commodore  Shaw,  and  they 
will  be  instructed  to  support  the  civil  authorities.  Per- 
haps I  may  be  enabled  to  maintain  good  order  in  the 
Parishes  of  Viloxy  and  Pascagoula  without  the  presence 
of  a  military  force;  but  T  much  doubt  it. 

T  have  received  no  answers  to  my  letters  to  (lovernor 
Folch. 
The  1  rouble.  T  am  Sir,  &o  &c- 

Mr.  Smith  (sgd)        AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec.:  State. 

1  C'laiborne  was  more  than  pleased  with  American  possession  of 
West  Florida.  He  had  urged  it  since  1803. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  \V.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         85 

Collin's  Statement, 

At  the  request  of  Gov.  Claiborne  I  state  the  following 
facts  as  the  substance  of  the  information  I  have  collected 
relative  to  the  present  state  of  the  Pascagoula,  the  Pass 
of  Christian  and  the  Country  in  their  vicinity. 

About  five  days  past  I  Avas  in  conversation  at  the 
Bayou  St.  John  with  Joseph  Rabie  master  of  a  small 
schooner  from  the  Pascagoula  River  which  he  had  left 
about  four  days  previously,  who  informed  me  as  follows : 
That  one  or  two  days  previous  to  his  Sailing  he  was 
obliged  to  take  a  passport  from  one  Peter  Nicola  acting 
Commandant  (as  he  said)  under  the  Convention.  That 
the  Florida  flag  was  at  the  time  of  his  the  said  Rabies 
departure  flying  at  the  Mouth  of  Pascagoula  River.  That 
a  party  of  forty  men  had  come  down  from  near  the  Amer- 
ican line,  commanded  by  a  certain  Sterling  Dupree,1  who 
compelled  the  Inhabitants  to  swear,  that  if  obliged  to  act, 
they  would  act  in  favor  of  the  Convention,  or  else  re- 
main neutral.  That  they  pressed  and  forcibly  took  away 
three  Schooners  belonging  to  said  settlement,  which  they 
laden  with  various  articles  of  merchandise,  and  five  or 
six  negroes  which  they  had  stolen  from  the  estate  of  John 
B.  Nicolet  late  of  the  said  settlement  deceased.  With 
those  Vessels  thus  laden  they  proceeded  up  the  Pasca- 
goula River  as  far  as  the  31°  of  North  Latitude,  where 
they  have  since  remained.  That  on  the  said  Rabies  prog- 
ress to  this  place  he  passed  the  Bay  St.  Louis  and  the 
Pass  of  Christian.  That  the  Commandant  of  the  latter 
of  these  places  had  taken  off  his  troops  and  military 
stores  and  proceeded  on  to  Pensacola.  That  the  Inhabi- 
tants of  the  above  mentioned  place  were  perfectly  tran- 
quil, but  in  a  state  of  absolute  anarchy,  and  that  having 

1Duprie  lived  up  the  Pascagoula  river  near  the  boundary  line;  he 
and  Hargroue  held  the  rank  of  majors  in  the  army  of  West  Florida. 


86  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

conversed  with  several  persons  from  the  same  quarter 
the  above  information  was  corroborated  by  the  whole. 

As  Witness  my  hand  and  seal  &c  &c 
Subscribed  in  the  (signed)     Jos:  Collins     [seal] 

presence  of 
E.  M.  Lome 

I  further  state  upon  recollection  that  I  was  also  in- 
formed by  the  said  Joseph  Rabie  that  a  party  of  the  In- 
habitants, to  the  number  of  thirteen  assembled  for  the 
purpose  of  rescuing  the  said  Vessels  and  property  from 
the  said  Dupree  and  his  party  to  effect  which  they  fired 
upon  the  said  Dupree  and  party,  who  being  more  numer- 
ous than  the  party  attacking,  beat  them  off  and  in  the 
encounter  Killed  a  certain  Samuel  Davis;  and  wounded 
a  certain  Allen  Gooding,  and  another  man  name  un- 
known, who  were  Inhabitants  of  the  said  settlement  on 
the  said  River  and  belonging  to  the  small  party.  The 
injury  done  to  the  party  commanding  the  Vessels  is  not 
known. 

Subscribed  and  certified  as  before 
E.  M.  Lome  (Signed)     Jos:  Collins     [seal] 


Farragout  ?s  Statement 

At  the  request  of  Govr.  Claiborne  I  state  the  follow- 
ing facts  as  the  substance1  of  the  information  I  have  col- 
lected relative  to  the  present  state  of  the  Pascagoula  the 
Pass  of  Christian1  and  the  Country  in  their  vicinity. 

On  the  second  of  last  December  I  arrived  in  th<i  I  jay 
of  Pascagoula.  The  third  of  the  same  month  1  went 
ashore,  and  as  I  landed  a  party  of  men  to  the  number  of 
ten,  came  to  me  and  said  that  Majors  llargrave  and 
Dupree,  wished  to  see  me;  T  declined  going  immediately, 
but  requested  those  men  to  state  to  the  above  gentlemen 
that  I  Avould  see  them  the  next  day.  Accordingly  the 

1  On  the  Mississippi  coast. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  87 

next  day  (the  4th  December)  I  called  on  them  at  the 
house  of  Mr.  John  B.  Nicolet  late  of  the  sd.  place  de- 
ceased ;  and  after  my  arrival  they  hoisted  the  flag  of  the 
Convention.  The  next  day  (the  5th)  they  pressed  Mr. 
John  B.  Bodrau's  Schooner.  On  the  6th  they  also 
pressed  the  Schooners  of  Mr.  Anthony  Krabs  and  Augus- 
tine a  Mulatto.  They  brought  the  said  Vessels  before 
Mr.  Nicolets  house;  and  then  took  in  all  the  personal 
property  of  the  said  Nicolet,  consisting  of  Negroes, 
liquors,  dry  goods  and  household  furniture.  Even  the 
locks  on  the  doors  were  not  left  by  them  but  taken  off 
with  the  rest  of  the  goods.  On  the  10th  they  left 
the  place  with  the  above  Vessels  under  the  Command  of 
Major  Sterling  Dupree  (leaving  Pertu  Nicola  Command- 
ant of  the  place  having  been  previously  commissioned 
Captain  by  the  said  Dupree)  and  proceeded  up  Pas- 
cagoula  River  to  the  house  of  the  said  Dupree,  which  is 
about  two  miles  below  the  line  of  demarkation.  The  said 
Sterling  Dupree  left  with  the  strictest  orders  to  call  upon 
all  the  people  on  the  Coast  as  far  as  the  Bay  St.  Louis  to 
take  the  Oath  of  Allegiance  to  the  Convention.  In  com- 
ing from  Pascagoula  to  New  Orleans  I  met  his  the  said 
Nicola's  Sarjeant  (James  Havens)  and  two  others  whose 
names  are  unknown,  ordering  the  people  to  repair,  to  the 
Pascagoula,  and  there  to  take  the  Oath  to  the  Conven- 
tion as  above. 

Witness  my  hand  and  seal  &c  &c 

in  presence  of  [Signed]     Geo.  Farragout     [seal] 

E.  M.  Lome 

I  further  state  that  I  left  Pascagoula  on  the  13th  of 
December  last  at  which  time  the  Flag  of  the  Florida 
Convention,  was  flying  at  the  Mouth  of  Pascagoula,  and 
that  the  settlements  on  the  Bay  St.  Louis,  Viloxy,  Pas- 
cagoula, and  the  Bayou  Batrie  were  considered  as  under 
the  jurisdiction  of  Peter  Nicola,  who  acted  as  Command- 
ant under  the  Authority  of  the  Convention.  There  were 


88  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

no  Spanish  Authorities  on  the  13  December  last  at  Bay 
St.  Louis,  or  at  the  Pascagoula,  Viloxy,  or  at  the  Pass 
of  Christian.  • 

In  the  presence  of  (signed)  Geo:  Farragout  [seal] 
Enoch  M.  Lome 


To  William  Eustis 

New  Orleans  January  5.  1811 
Sir, 

The  enclosed  statements  in  writing  No.  1  &  2  will  ap- 
prise you  of  the  state  of  things  on  the  Bay  St.  Louis,  the 
Viloxy  and  Pascagoula  Rivers.  I  deemed  it  a  duty  to 
make  an  immediate  attempt  to  extend  to  that  quarter 
the  authority  of  this  Territory  I  have  accordingly  passed 
an  Ordinance  establishing  the  parishes  of  Viloxy  and 
Pascagoula  and  sent  there  some  civil  Officers ;  but  I  much 
doubt  whether  they  will  be  enabled  to  maintain  good  or- 
der without  the  presence  of  a  military  force. 

A  terrible  revolution  lias  commenced  in  the  Kingdom 
of  Mexico.  I  have  seen  some  official  statements,  from 
which  it  appears  that  all  the  horrors  of  the  times  Cortez 
are  revived.  The  contest  is  between  the  Europeans  and 
the  Creoles  of  the  Country;  the  latter  contending  as  it  is 
said  for  independence.  Immence  bodies  of  men  are 
brought  into  the  fields;  and  in  one  engagement  it  is  of- 
ficially stated  that  ten  thousand  Creoles  perished. 

From  the  official  accounts  as  published  at  the  City  of 
Mexico,  on  the  28th  of  Nevember  last  the  Europeans  had 
met  with  continued  success;  but  private  letters  of  a  sub- 
sequent date  represent,  that  numbers  were  repairing  to 
the  Creole  Standard,  and  that  they  were  in  possession 
of  immence  treasure;  that  at  one  Town  they  had  seized 
fifteen  millions  of  dollars.  The  information  received 
leads  me  to  believe  that  the  revolutionary  spirit  pervades 
also  the  interior  Provinces  of  Mexico,  and  that  the  Prov- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  89 

ince  of  Techus  which  adjoins  this  Territory  is  in  commo- 
tion. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir  &c  &c 

Mr.  Eustice  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec:  War: 


To  Robert  Smith 

New  Orleans  January  6. 1811. 
Sir, 

In  the  month  of  Decmber  last  a  party  of  armed  men 
supposed  to  be  thirty  in  number,  and  believed  to  be  for 
the  most  part  natives  of  the  United  States,  acting  under 
an  authority  derived  from  the  Florida  Convention  ad- 
vanced towards  the  Town  of  Mobile,  and  encamped  near 
it.  They  were  supprised  in  the  night  by  a  detachment 
of  Spanish  Troops,  headed  by  Govr.  Folch  in  person; 
several  wrere  killed  and  wounded  and  ten  taken.  The 
Prisoners  have  been  carried  to  Pensacola  where  they  are 
treated  with  great  cruelty,  and  from  whence  it  is  pro- 
posed to  send  them  for  trial  to  Havannah. 

I  feel  great  sympathy  for  these  unfortunate  men.  No 
doubt  they  acted  under  an  impression  that  the  authority 
of  the  Convention  would  at  least  exempt  them  from  suf- 
fering as  Traitors;  and  consequently  thought  that  their 
cause  was  honorable  &  just.  Most  willingly  would  I  in- 
terfere in  their  favor  with  the  Govr.  Genl.  of  Cuba,  but 
I  doubt  whether  it  would  be  proper  for  me  to  do  so,  with- 
out your  previous  sanction. 

I  have  seen  today  several  Gentlemen  from  Baton 
Rouge;  they  report  that  every  thing  is  tranquil  there, 
but  add  that  the  clause  in  my  instructions  of  the  27.  Octo- 
ber which  restricts  me  from  using  force  against  a  Span- 
ish Garrison  has  accasioned  discontent:  The  people 
profess  to  feel  hurt  at  the  idea  of  a  force  being  author- 
ised against  them,  whilst  Spanish  Troops  were  per- 


90  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

milled  to  remain  undisturbed  in  a  Country  claimed  by 
the  United  States.  I  observed  to  the  Gentlemen  that  the 
using  of  force  against  a  Spanish  Garrison  was  an  act  of 
hostility  against  a  foreign  Nation  which  Congress  could 
more  properly  direct.  But  this  suggestion  will  not  I 
suspect  relieve  the  chagrine  of  the  people  of  Baton 
Rouge.  In  this  quarter  the  act  of  taking  possession  is 
highly  approved;  and  I  pray  God  to  incline  Congress  to 
support  the  measure  with  firmness. 

I  await  with  impatience  your  orders  to  take  posses- 
sion of  the  Fort  of  Mobile;  I  hold  the  whole  Country 
designated  in  the  President's  Proclamation,  except  a  lit- 
tle District  around  Mobile. 

The  People  of  Baton  Rouge  feel  much  solicitude  rela- 
tive to  the  debts  of  the  Florida  Convention.  I  have  said 
to  them  that  this  was  not  a  fit  time  to  press  the  subject. 
I  really  do  not  know  in  what  way  these  debts  can  best  be 
discharged;  but  I  hope  that  some  means  may  be  de- 
vised. You  will  not  however  suppose  that  I  have  made 
any  promises ;  my  language  on  this  subject  has  been — I 
have  no  instructions  from  my  Government,  and  all  I  can 
do  is  to  report  their  case  to  the  President. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir 

Mr.  Smith  &c  &c 

Sec:  State.  (signd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


Letter  to  Mr.  Earle  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

New  Orleans  Evening  of  the  Gth  of  January  1811. 
Sir, 

It  being  represented  to  me  that  the  riot  of  last  night, 
between  the  Boatmen  and  the  Sailors  are  likely  to  be  re- 
newed this  Evening,  and  understanding  that  the  Mayor 
and  recorded  of  the  City  are  both  absent  I  must  request 
of  you  to  make  every  effort  for  the  preservation  of  the 
public  peace.  If  during  the  night  there  should  be  any 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         91 

disturbances  the  City  Guard  are  first  to  be  called  on,  in 
aid  of  the  civil  Magistrate ;  if  they  should  prove  incompe- 
tent for  the  occasion  You  will  then  make  application  to 
Major  McRea  of  the  Army  who  will  turn  out  the  Troops 
of  the  Garrison  in  aid  of  the  Civil  Authority.  But  you 
will  recollect  that  the  military  are  only  to  be  used  in  the 
last  resort. 

I  an\  Sir,  &c  &c 
Mr.  Earle.  (signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Genl.  Hampton 

New  Orleans  January  6.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  deem  it  a  duty  to  communicate  to  you  without  delay, 
the  following  intelligence.  A  gentleman  arrived  on  yes- 
terday from  Pensacola,  and  reports  that  fifteen  hundred 
men  from  Havannah  and  five  hundred  thousand  dollars 
are  confidently  expected  at  that  place;  that  he  was  pres- 
ent himself  when  Gov.  Folch  communicated  this  Intelli- 
gence to  his  Officers. 

The  last  accounts  left  the  Spanish  in  possession  of  the 
Fort  of  Mobile.  I  have  divided  the  Country  extending 
from  the  Eastern  Bank  of  Pearl  River,  to  the  Bayou 
Batin  (and  which  includes  the  settelments  on  Bay  St. 
Louis,  the  Pass  of  Christian,  and  the  River  Pascagoula) 
into  three  parishes,  and  sent  there  civil  Officers;  but  I 
am  sure  they  will  not  be  enabled  to  maintain  good  order 
without  the  presence  of  a  military  force. 

A  terrible  civil  war  rages  in  Mexico.  I  have  seen  of- 
ficial reports  from  which  it  seems,  that  the  horrors  in 
the  times  of  Cortez  are  revived.  The  contest  is  between 
the  Europeans  and  the  Creoles,  of  the  Country.  The 
Creoles  have  brought  into  the  field  immence  armies ;  and 
in  one  engagement  it  is  said  ten  thousand  of  the  Creoles 
were  Killed.  Hitherto  the  Europeans  have  met  with 


92  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

great  success:  but  private  letters  state  that  numbers 
are  flocking  to  the  Creole  standard :  and  that  they  are  in 
possession  of  immence  Treasures.  At  one  Town  they 
possessed  themselves  of  fifteen  Millions  of  dollars.  The 
object  of  the  Creoles  is  said  to  be  independence. 

The  information  received  leads  me  also  to  believe 
that  the  revolutionary  spirit,  has  extended  itself  to  the 
interior  provinces  of  Mexico  a"nd  that  the  adjoining 
Province  to  this  Territory  Techus  is  in  commotion. 
How  far  such  a  state  of  things  may  make  it  proper,  to 
strengthen  the  Garrison  at  Nachitoches  you  can  best  de- 
cide. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
Genl.  Hampton.  sigd.     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


Letter  to  Genl.  Hampton  enclosing  the  aforegoing. 
New  Orleans  January  7.  1811. 

I  have  received  your  Letter  of  this  morning  together 
with  its  enclosure.  I  am  happy  to  hear  of  your  arrival 
in  Town  and  shall  be  more  so  to  see  you  at  my  house. 
My  residence  is  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  below  Fort  St. 
Charles.  It  Avas  certainly  very  proper  that  you  should 
have  opened  the  despatch  from  Col :  Sparks ;  its  contents 
tend  to  confirm  certain  information  received  on  last 
Evening  and  which  I  had  intended  to  have  communicated 
to  you  by  Express  (to  Baton  Rouge)  on  this  morning. 
My  letter  on  the  occasion  having  been  written  I  now  en- 
close it  to  you. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
Genl.  W.  Hampton  (signd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.         93 

To  Gov.  Folch 

New  Orleans  January  7.  1811. 
Sir, 

Having  received  information  that  your  Excellency, 
designed  to  pass  the  Perdido,  and  enter  with  an  armed 
force  into  the  Territory  which  I  have  been  directed  by  the 
President  of  the  United  States  to  consider  as  a  part  of 
the  Territory  of  Orleans ;  and  to  discharge  the  duties  of 
Governor  in  and  over  the  same:  I  deem  it  right  and 
proper  to  inform  your  Excellency  that  such  a  movement 
on  Your  part  will  be  viewed  by  me  as  evidence  of  hostile 
intentions  towards  my  Government :  and  that  I  shall  take 
such  measures  as  my  own  honor,  and  the  safety  of  the 
Territory  Committed  to  my  charge  render  necessary. 

I  renew  to  your  Excellency  the  assurances   of  my 
most  distinguished  consideration. 
Govr.  Folch  (sigd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Genl.  Hampton 

Sir, 

I  pray  you  to  have  the  goodness  to  order,  a  Guard  to 
the  Bayou  Bridge,  with  instructions  to  the  Officer  to  per- 
mit no  Negroes  to  pass  or  repass  the  same. 

Yrs.  with  respect  &c  &c 
9th  January  1811.  (signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Major  St.  Amand. 

New  Orleans  January  9.  1811. 
9  O'Clock  at  night 
Sir, 

I  have  received  your  letter  of  the  day.     The  most 
prompt  measures  have  been  taken  by  me  to  protect  the 


94  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

lives  and  property  of  my  fellow  Citizens.  Several  hun- 
dred men  have  marched  up  the  Coast  by  my  orders  and 
I  hope  will  soon  disperse  the  Brigands.  We  are  all  in 
New  Orleans  on  the  alert.  Continue  with  your  Neigh- 
bours and  maintain  order  and  discipline.  I  pray  God 
that  the  force  sent  from  this  City  may  soon  meet  the 
Brigands  and  arrest  them  in  their  murdering  carreer. 

Yr.  With  respect  &c  &c 
Ma  jr.  St.  Amand.  (signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Genl.  Hampton. 

New  Orleans  January  7.  1811 
Dr.  Genl. 

Will  you  have  the  goodness  to  order  an  escort,  for  the 
Bearer  who  carries  the  Mail  thro'  such  part  of  the  Ter- 
ritory, as  you  suppose  may  be  infested  by  the  Brigands.1 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
Genl.  Hampton  (signed)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Secretary  of  State. 

New  Orleans  January  7.  1811 
Sir, 

Every  measure  has  been  taken  for  the  public  safety. 

The  enclosed  copies  of  Genl.  orders  will  furnish  you 
with  such  information,  as  I  am  possessed  of,  relative  to 
the  movements  of  the  Insurgents. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 

The  Sec:  State  (sgrl)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborno 

'  A  slave  insurrection. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  95 

To  Major  Bullingney. 

Evening  of  the  9th  of  Jan:  1811. 
Sir, 

Your  letter  of  the  Evening  is  received.  The  afflict- 
ing news  to  which  you  allude  reached  me  on  this  morn- 
ing at  10  o  'clock ;  and  I  have  taken  the  most  prompt  meas- 
ures to  defend  the  persons  and  property  of  my  fellow 
Citizens  against  Brigands  who  are  advancing.  Assemble 
the  Citizens  of  your  Neighbourhood;  Keep  regular  pa- 
troles  throughout  the  night ;  and  apprise  me  by  express 
of  any  information  that  may  reach  you,  which  it  is  prop- 
er for  me  to  know. 

I  name  you  for  this  occasion  the  Commandant  of  Pa- 
troles,  and  you  will  proceed  forthwith  to  act  in  that  ca- 
pacity. Several  hundred  men  have  marched  from  this 
City  to  the  assistance  of  the  People  on  the  Coast. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
Majr.  Bullingney  (sgd)      W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Secretary  of  State. 

New  Orleans  January  9.  1811 
3  O'clock  P.  M. 
Sir, 

The  Negroes  in  the  County  of  German  Coast  in  this 
Territory  are  in  a  state  of  Insurrection;  their  numbers 
are  variously  stated  from  180  to  500.  This  insurrection 
commenced  at  the  Plantation  of  Col:  Andr^  about  36 
miles  above  this  City.  Intelligence  thereof  reached  me 
at  10  O'clock,  and  the  most  prompt  and  effectual  meas- 
ures, have  been  taken  for  the  protection  of  the  persons 
and  property  of  the  Citizens. 

A  detachment  of  U.  S.  Troops  and  two  Companies  of 
volunteer  Militia  have  this  morning  marched  against  the 


96  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Insurgents.    The  whole  militia  of  the  City  are  ordered 
under  arms,  and  you  may  be  assured  of  its  safety. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  (sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec:  of  State. 


Circular 

To  the  Several  Colonels  of  Regiments;  and  tlie  several 
Parish  Judges  on  the  Coast. 

New  Orleans  January  10.  1811. 
Sir, 

Order  strong  Militia  patroles  by  day  and  night;  and 
cause  a  strict  police  among  the  Slaves  to  me  maintained. 
Enclosed  is  the  best  account  of  an  Insurrection,  I  can 
give,  which  has  broken  out  on  the  Coast.  New  Orleans 
is  in  perfect  safety. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 

(sgd)      W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Secretary  of  State. 

New  Orleans  January  11.  1811. 
Sir, 

The  Insurgents  were  attacked  on  Yesterday  by  a 
party  of  armed  Citizens,  under  the  Command  of  Col: 
Andre;  several  were  killed,  and  18  or  20  taken,  but  no 
official  information  lias  yet  been  received.  The  Insur- 
rection is  by  no  means  general  and  will  I  trust  be  very 
soon  put  down. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  (sgd)     AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec:  State 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  97 

To  the  Secretary  of  State 

New  Orleans  January  12.  1811. 
Sir, 

My  impression  is  that  we  have  nothing  further  to  ap- 
prehend (for  the  present)  from  the  Brigands.  The  en- 
closed letter  from  Col:  Andre  gives  me  information  of 
their  entire  defeat  &  discomfiture.  Every  exertion  shall 
be  made  to  cause  an  early  arrest  of  such  as  have  escaped, 
and  in  the  mean  time  the  measures  I  have  ordered,  with 
a  view  to  the  public  safety  and  tranquility  will  be  con- 
tinued. 

The  Fort  Mobile  is  still  in  possession  of  the  Spaniard, 
but  the  Citiezns  of  the  Town  and  its  vicinity,  refuse  to 
obey  the  orders  of  the  Spanish  Commandant,  alledging 
that  the  President  of  the  United  States,  having  promised 
to  protect  them  in  their  Liberty,  property  and  religion, 
they  will  be  true  &  faithful  in  their  allegiance  to  the 
United  States.  Such  Sir  is  the  substance  of  the  latest  in- 
formation received. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir  &c 

Mr.  Smith  (sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec:  of  State: 


To  Col:  Andre. 

My  dear  Sir,  New  Orleans  JanuaiT  13.  1811 

I  have  received  your  several  letters  and  most  sincere- 
ly do  I  sympathize  with  you,  in  the  untimely  and  unfor- 
tunate death  of  your  amiable  Son.  But  our  lamentations 
are  useless.  He  is  gone  to  a  better  and  a  happier  world ! 
I  cannot  too  much  applaud  the  brave  and  firm  con- 
duct of  yourself  and  your  fellow  Planters.  Every  thing- 
is  tranquil  in  this  City  and  I  hope  to  see  you  in  a  few 
days.  Accept  the  best  &c  &c 

Co;  Andre  (sgd)  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

V— 7 


98  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Audrey  L.  Osborne. 

N.  Orleans  January  14.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  a  Commission  as 
Judge  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Helena.  It  is  necessary  that 
you  should  (under  the  Law)  be  a  free  holder  in  you  pa- 
rish; and  that  you  enter  into  a  Bond  with  two  Surities 
(freeholders  in  the  Territory)  in  five  thousand  dollars 
for  the  faithful  performance  of  your  duties.  The  form 
of  the  Bond  is  enclosed.  Captain  Baldwin  will  deliver  to 
you  16  Copies  of  the  Civil  Code  and  the  other  Laws  of  the 
Territory  which  you  will  distribute  among  the  Magis- 
trates of  the  Parishes  of  St.  Helena  and  St.  Tammany. 

The  Oaths  of  Office  required  by  Law  will  be  adminis- 
tered to  you  by  Capt.  Baldwin. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
Audley  L.  Osborne  Esqr.        (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


A  Proclamation. 

By  William   Charles   Cole   Claiborne   Governor   of   the 
Territory  of  Orleans. 

Whereas  considerations  of  public  interest  require 
that  the  Legislative  Body  of  this  Territory  should  be 
prorogued  for  a  short  time  I  have  thought  fit  under  the 
authority  vested  in  me,  by  the  Ordinance  of  the  Congress 
of  the  United  States,  established  for  the  Government  of 
this  Territory  to  issue  this  my  Proclamation,  proroguing 
the  same  to  the  fourth  Monday  of  the  present  Month,  and 
it  is  hereby  accordingly  prorogued. 

Given  under  my  hand  &c  &c 
[L.  S.]  (sgd)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE..         99 

To  Major  St.  Amand  &  Col:  Andre.. 

N.  Orleans  January  14:  1811.. 
Sir, 

Your  letter  of  the  13th  Instant  has  been  reed.  It  gives 
me  sincere  satisfaction  to  learn  that  the  late  attrocious 
Insurrection  has  been  so  early  put  down,  nor  can  I  too 
highly  applaud  the  bravery  activity  and  firmness  of  my 
fellow  Citizens.  We  are  now  all  convinced  of  the  neces- 
sity of  a  well  organised  Militia,  and  I  really  will  not 
permit  the  ensuing  Legislature  to  adjourn  untill  they 
shall  have  passed  a  strong  Militia  Law.  In  the  mean; 
time  we  must  continue  our  vigilance;  and  patroles  by 
night  must  be  maintained. 
Ma  jr.  St.  Amand  I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 

& 
Col:  Andre  (sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Mr.  Dub  our g. 

X.  Orleans  January  14.  1811. 
Sir, 

It  being  represented  to  me  that  the  Insurrection 
among  the  slaves  in  the  County  of  German  Coast,  was 
entirely  quelled  and  nearly  the  whole  of  the  Insurgents, 
either  Killed  or  taken,  the  services  of  the  Company  under 
your  Command  are  no  longer  necessary,  and  you  will  be 
pleased  to  discharge  them  from  further  duty.  Be  so 
good  as  to  convey  to  each  and  every  member  of  your 
meritourious  Corps  assurances  of  my  confidence,  in  their 
patriotism  and  bravery,  accompanied  with  my  best 
thanks  for  the  Services  they  have  rendered  the  Territory. 

I  have  the  honor  &c  &c 
Mr.  Dubourg  (sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


100  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL,    ARCHIVES. 

To  the  Secretary  of  State, 

N.  Orleans  January  14.  1811. 
Sir, 

The  Insurrection  among  the  negroes  is  quelled;  and 
nearly  the  whole  of  the  Insurgents  either  killed  or  taken. 
The  prompt  and  judicious  movement  of  Genl.  Hampton 
contributed  very  much  to  the  public  safety ;  and  the  ar- 
dour activity  and  firmness  of  the  Militia  have  made  an 
impression  upon  the  Blacks  that  will  not  (I  suspect)  for 
a  length  of  time  be  effaced.  I  have  also  to  acquaint  you 
of  the  patriotic  Conduct  of  the  Captain  and  Crews  of  the 
Merchant  Vessels  in  this  port.  These  brave  Tars  to  a 
man  tendered  their  services,  and  several  hundred  armed 
with  Cutlasses  were  placed  by  my  orders  under  the  Com- 
mand of  an  excellent  Citizen  Mr.  Benjamin  Morgan.  One 
company  was  marched  up  the  Coast  and  the  others  were 
on  duty  in  the  City,  observing  on  all  occasions  the  most 
correct  and  orderly  deportment.  The  free  men  of  color 
also  on  this  occasion  manifested  the  greatest  zeal  for  the 
public  safety.  Their  services  were  tendered  and  one 
Company  placed  by  my  orders  under  the  Command  of  a 
respectable  Citizen  Major  Dubourg,  performed  with 
great  exactitude  and  propriety  a  Tour  of  duty.1 
The  Honble.  I  have  the  honor  to  be  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  (sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborno 

Sec:  State. 


To  John  N.  Detrehan  Esqr. 

N.  Orleans  January  1G.  1S11. 
Sir, 

I  am  indeed  greatly  solicitous  to  visit  my  follow  Citi- 
zens up  the  Coast,  but  I  am  prevented  by  the  multiplicity 
of  business,  which  constantly  presses  on  me,  ami  renders 

1  These  men  were  a  part  of  the  militia. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBOKNE.        101 

my  presence  at  New  Orleans  indispensible.  I  sincerely 
and  haitily  congratulate  you  on  the  discomfiture  of  the 
late  daring  Insurrection.  It  is  just  and  I  believe  abso- 
lutely essential  to  our  future  safety  that  a  proper  and 
great  example  should  be  made  of  the  guilty. 

There  may  however  be  cases  in  which  under  the  Tes- 
timony the  Court  and  Jury  may  feel  themselves  bound  to 
render  judgment  of  condemnations;  yet  circumstances 
may  exist  wh :  would  call  for  mercy  and  justify  the  inter- 
position of  Executive  power.  If  any  such  cases  should 
arrise  the  Court  and  Jury  will  I  hope  recommend  the  of- 
fender to  clemency ;  Avhich  will  have  great  wight  with  the 
Executive. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
J.  N.  Detrehan  Esq.  (sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Col:  Vilerae 

N".  Orleans  January  16.  .1811. 
Sir, 

Your  letter  of  the  morning  is  received.  It  is  a  source 
of  sincere  pleasure  to  us  all,  that  so  speedy  an  end  has 
been  put  to  the  Insurrection.  It  seems  to  me  unneces- 
sary to  keep  the  Militia  embodied;  and  you  will  permit 
them  to  return  to  their  respective  homes.  It  will  be 
proper  however  that  strict  patroles  by  night,  should  be 
maintained ;  and  you  will  issue  orders  to  that  effect. 

Assure  my  fellow  Citizens  of  my  confidence  in  their 
patriotism  and  bravery,  and  tender  to  them  my  best 
thanks  for  the  services  they  have  rendered  the  Territory. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
Col:  Vilarae  (sgd)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


102  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  the  Mayor  of  Neiv  Orleans 

N.  Orleans  January  16.  1811. 
Sir, 

The  bearers  Joseph  Becker  and  Robert  Welch  have 
brought  to  this  place  by  the  order  of  Simeon  Favre  a 
Justice  of  the  Peace  for  the  Parish  of  Viloxy,  a  white 
man  who  calls  himself  William  Bradford,  and  two  negroe 
men  of  the  names  of  Prince  and  Burrell,  whom  Bradford 
had  stolen  from  their  master  Messrs.  Gathan  and  Batch- 
ellor,  Inhabitants  of  Adams  County  in  the  Mississippi 
Territory.  Will  you  be  pleased  Sir  to  cause  the  negroes 
to  be  committed  to  Prison;  and  to  pay  to  the  Bearers 
Becker  and  Welch  forty  dollars  as  a  compensation  for 
their  Services,  which  sum  I  presume  the  masters  of  the 
negroes  (one  of  whom  I  understand  is  in  Town)  will  with 
pleasure  return  to  you.  As  respects  the  Offender  Brad- 
ford, will  you  be  pleased  to  direct  one  of  your  public  Of- 
ficers to  convoy  him  before  Judge  Martin  and  to  send 
Becker  and  Welch  as  Witnesses.  I  enclose  you  a  letter 
from  Mr.  Favre  to  mo,  which  you  will  be  pleased  to  re- 
quest your  officer  to  hand  to  the  Judge. 
The  Honblo.  I  am  Sir,  &c  £c 

Mr.  Mather  (sgd.)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Mavor  of  N.  Orleans. 


To  Simeon  Favre 

X.  Orleans  January  10.  1811. 
Sir, 

You  acted  correctly  in  sending  to  this  place  the  offen- 
der Win.  Bradford,  and  two  nogroos  whom  lie  had  stolen. 

The  throe  horses  you  have  detained,  have  most  prob- 
ably boon  stolen  by  Bradford,  and  you  would  do  well  to 
advertise  thorn  in  some  of  the  public  papers  in  this  City; 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  103 

and  to  request  the  owners  to  prove  their  property,  pay 
the  expences  which  you  have  incurred  and  to  receive  the 
horses.     I  am  sorry  to  hear  of  your  imposition. 
Simeon  Favre  Esq.  I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 

Justice  of  the  Peace  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

for  Pearl  River 


To  the  Secretary  of  State 

N.  Orleans  January  17.  1811. 
Sir, 

Every  thing  is  now  tranquil  in  this  quarter.  For  the 
convenience  of  the  Members  of  the  Legislature  whose 
domestic  affairs  were  greatly  deranged  by  the  late  In- 
surrection, and  required  for  the  present  their  personal 
attention,  I  have  prorogued  the  general  assembly  of  the 
Territory  for  two  weeks. 

Mobile  remains  in  possession  of  a  Spanish  force; 
Govr.  Folch  has  not  answered  my  letters  to  him.  I  at- 
tribute this  delay  to  a  disposition  on  the  part  of  Folch  to 
be  previously  informed  of  the  Sentiments  of  the  Cap- 
tain General  of  Cuba  to  whom  he  (Folch)  is  responsible. 
The  flag  of  the  United  States  has  been  reared  at  the 
Pass  Christian,  and  at  the  Mouth  of  Pascagoula.  My 
authority  is  respected  in  that  quarter  and  good  order 
is  restored. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Secretary  of  State 


To  Simeon  Favre  Esqre. 

N.  Orleans  January  17.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  have  just  received  from  the  Mayor  of  this  City  a 
letter  in  which  he  states,  that  Bradford  according  to  my 
direction  has  been  taken  before  Judge  Martin ;  and  that 


104  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Becker  and  Welch  appeared  as  witnesses  against  him. 
These  persons  not  being  in  possession  of  any  facts  which 
would  justify  the  conviction  of  Bradford;  and  it  being 
presumed  that  such  testimony  may  be  collected  you  will 
be  pleased  immediately  to  take  the  necessary  steps  for 
its  procurement,  and  transmit  the  same  to  me  without 
delay.  In  the  mean  time  Bradford  is  committed  to 
Prison  in  order  for  trial. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
Simeon  Favre  Esqr.  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Judge  St.  Martin 

N.  Orleans  January  19.  1811 
Sir, 

Your  letter  of  the  18th  Instant  together  with  its  en- 
closure has  been  received.  I  have  noticed  with  sincere 
pleasure  the  great  fidelity  with  which  you  have  dis- 
charged your  official  duties,  and  your  Zealous  and  pru- 
dent efforts  for  the  restoration  of  good  order.  Judge 
Moreau  has  ordered  to  your  Parish  for  trial  6  negroes 
who  were  in  confinement  here  and  who  are  inculpated  in 
the  late  Insurrection.  The  Judge  and  Jury  of  the  Par- 
ish St.  Charles  will  be  obliged  therefore  to  resume  their 
Sessions.  Eight  of  the  Brigands  have  been  condemned 
by  the  Tribunal  of  this  parish,  of  whom  one  has  been 
recommended  to  the  mercy  of  the  Executive. 

The  Chief  Gilbert  the  property  of  Col:  Andre  sur- 
rendered himself  on  last  Evening,  and  is  now  in  the 
prison  of  this  City. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
Judge  St.  Martin  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  105 

To  John  RJiea  Esgre. 

N.  Orleans  January  19.  1811. 
Sir, 

Mr.  Soniat  Dufossat  is  charged  to  deliver  to  you  fif- 
teen Copies  of  the  Civil  Code  and  a  like  number  of  the 
acts  of  the  genl.  Assembly  of  this  Territory,  of  which 
you  will  be  pleased  to  retain  a  Copy  for  your  own  use; 
and  to  distribute  the  residue  among  the  several  Justices 
of  the  Peace  of  the  Parish  of  Feliciana.  You  have  also 
enclosed  a  commission  by  which  you  are  appointed  Judge 
of  the  Parish  of  Feliciana;  and  in  which  capacity 
I  hope  you  will  consent  to  serve  the  Public. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
John  Rhea  Esqr.  (sgd.)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Judge  Mather 

N.  Orleans  January  19.  1811 

Sir,  Mr.  Soniat  Dufassat  is  charged  to  deliver  to  you 
fifteen  Copies  of  the  Civil  Code;  and  of  the  Act  of  the 
General  Assembly  of  this  Territory;  of  which  you  will 
be  pleased  to  retain  a  Copy  for  yourself,  and  to  dis- 
tribute the  others  to  the  several  Justices  of  the  Peace  in 
the  Parish  of  East  Baton  Rouge. 

The  law  having  required  that  you  should  enter  into 
Bond  with  Surities  to  the  Governor  for  the  faithful  dis- 
charge of  your  duties  as  Parish  Judge,  I  have  enclosed 
you  a  form  of  such  Bond;  the  blanks  in  which  you  will 
be  pleased  to  fill  up  with  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dol- 
lars, and  the  names  of  two  freeholders  of  your  parish,  as 
your  Surities. 

I  am  Sir, 

Judge  Mather  &c  &c 

Baton  Rouge  (Sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


106  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Mr.  Soniat  Dufossat 

N.  Orleans  January  19.  1811. 
Sir, 

You  will  proceed  from  hence  to  Baton  Rouge,  and 
deliver  to  Judge  Mather,  the  letter  enclosed  and  fifteen 
Copies  of  the  Civil  Code  and  of  the  other  Acts  of  the 
Legislature.  From  Baton  Rouge  you  will  proceed  to  St. 
Francisville,  'at  the  Mouth  of  Bayou  Sarah  where  if  you 
should  not  find  Mr.  John  Rhea  you  will  proceed  to  his 
house  and  deliver  to  him  the  letter  enclosed  to  his  ad- 
dress, and  the  remaining  Copies  of  the  Civil  Code,  and 
other  Laws  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans,  committed  to 
your  care.  As  the  Copies  of  the  Civil  Code  and  other 
Acts  of  the  Legislature,  will  be  conveyed  by  water  to  St. 
Francisville,  it  may  perhaps  be  best  if  you  should  find 
Mr.  Rhea  at  his  own  house  to  ask  the  favor  of  him  to  ac- 
company you  to  St.  Francisville  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
ceiving the  books,  and  from  whence  (it  is  presumed)  lie 
may  with  the  greater  convenience  distribute  'the  same 
among  the  several  civil  Officers  of  the  Parish  of  Felici- 
ana.  You  are  allowed  as  a  compensation  for  your  ser- 
vices sixty  dollars,  for  which  sum  you  will  find  herewith 
an  order  upon  the  Treasurer. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
Mr.  Soniat  Dufossat  (sgd)     AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  General  Hampton 

N.  Orleans  January  1<).  1811. 
Sir, 

Enclosed  is  a  letter  which  I  received  on  last  evening 
from  Col:  dishing  which  after  perusing  I  will  thank  you 
to  return  to  me,  as  I  would  wish  to  send  a  copy  to  the 
S^cretarv  of  State. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       107 

The  state  of  things  at  Mobile  is  really  unpleasant.  I 
wish  to  God  the  Government  would  give  orders  to  take 
the  fort.  I  have  much  verbal  information  from  Mobile, 
which  I  will  communicate  when  we  meet,  I  would  visit 
you  this  morning  but  a  press  of  business  confines  me  to 
my  house. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
Genl.  Hampton.  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  John  M.  Detrehan  Esqre. 

N.  Orleans  Jan:  19.  1811. 
Sir, 

Your  interesting  letter  of  the  18th  was  delivered  to 
me  on  the  Evening  of  the  same  day  by  Lieutenant 
Treaudeau.  I  am  well  aware  of  the  unpleasant  duties 
which  have  devolved  upon  Judge  St.  Martin  and  the 
Jury  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Charles;  and  am  very  sen- 
sible of  the  purity  of  the  motives  by  which  they  have 
been  influenced  and  of  the  Justice  and  prudence  which 
mark  their  proceedings.  My  Counsel  on  the  late  occa- 
sion would  have  been  unnecessary, —  the  Judge  as 
well  as  the  Citizens  who  composed  the  Jury  possess 
my  entire  confidence;  and  I  am  assured  that  their 
Judgments  has  been  uniformly  such  as  the  testimony  and 
the  Law  warranted. 

The  example  which  has  been  made  of  the  guilty  actors 
in  the  late  insurrection  will  I  hope  produce  the  desired 
effect.  Justice,  policy,  our  future  safety  required  that 
the  guilty  should  suffer ;  for  the  sake  of  humanity  how- 
ever it  is  greatly  to  be  desired,  that  the  list  of  the  guilty 
may  not  be  found  still  greater.  And  altho  there  may  be 
cases  when  Judge  and  Jury  must  condemn  the  accused, 
in  order  to  do  what  the  law  and  the  testimony  warrants, 
and  their  consciences  suggest ;  yet  perhaps  humanity  may 


108  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Justify  mercy,  without  injury  to  the  public  safety,  I  have 
therefore  only  to  repeat  to  you,  that  in  all  cases  where 
circumstances  suggest  the  exercise  of  mercy  a  recom- 
mendation to  that  effect  from  the  Court  and  Jury,  will 
induce  the  Governor  to  extend  to  the  convict  a  pardon. 

By  order  of  Judge  Moreau  six  of  the  Brigands  have 
been  ordered  for  trial  to  the  Parish  of  St.  Charles,  of 
course  Judge  St.  Martin  and  the  Jury  will  resume  their 
Sessions. 

I  am  happy  to  find  from  the  report  of  the  Judge  so 
few  Slaves  are  now  in  the  woods.  I  hope  this  dreadful 
Insurrection  is  at  an  end  and  I  pray  God !  we  may  never 
see  another.  The  loss  of  property  sustained  by  our 
Planters  is  indeed  considerable ;  but  I  rejoice  that  it  has 
not  been  greater.  I  am  under  great  obligations  to  the 
Army,  the  volunteer  Corps  and  the  Militia  for  their 
prompt,  and  ardent  exertions,  for  the  public  safety.  The 
Zealous  and  meritorious  services  of  our  friend  Treau- 
deau  merit  the  highest  Eulogium  and  Capt.  Lacoste  is 
also  entitled  to  great  credit. 

I  sincerely  wish  your  health  &c  &c 

(sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborno 
John  N.  Detrehan  Esqr. 


To  Col:  John  Ballinger 

N.  Orleans  Jan:  20.  1811 
Dr.  Sir, 

I  have  received  your  letter  of  the  14th  Instant.  It 
does  not  appear  that  the  late  Insurrection  in  this  vi- 
cinity was  of  extensive  combination;  but  the  result  only 
of  previous  concert  between  the  Slaves  of  a  few  adjoin- 
ing Plantations  It  has  been  speedily  and  effectually 
crushed;  and  the  occurrence  has  awakened  a  spirit  of 
vigilance  throughout  the  Territory,  which,  if  persisted 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       109 

in  will  tend  very  much  to  our  future  safety  I  hope  also 
it  will  induce  the  Legislature  to  give  us  a  more  energetic 
Militia  System,  and  to  interpose  some  check  to  that  in- 
discriminate importation  of  Slaves  from  the  southern 
States. 

My  last  accounts  left  the  Spaniards  in  possession  of 
the  Fort  of  Mobile,  and  there  they  must  remain  undis- 
turbed until  further  orders;  but  I  persuade  myself  that 
orders  such  as  comport  with  the  interest  and  spirit  of 
our  Nation  may  soon  be  received. 

The  Language  of  the  apostate  American  Spaniards  is 
no  doubt  in  unison  with  their  wishes ;  but  will  not  I  hope 
make  an  impression  on  any  portion  of  the  people.  My 
opinion  is  that  the  Mississippi  will  cease  to  flow,  before 
the  Territory  of  Orleans  in  its  present  extent  will  cease 
to  be  a  part  of  the  American  Union. 

I  am  sorry  it  has  not  been  in  my  power  to  encourage 
the  application  of  Captain  Collins  for  Sheriff  of  the 
District.  I  entertain  a  good  opinion  of  Mr.  Collins,  but 
the  Office  of  District  Sheriff  (if  created  by  the  Legisla- 
ture) has  been  promised  to  another.  The  application 
of  Mr.  McCleland,  was  not  known  to  me,  until  the  office 
had  been  conferred  on  Mr.  Kevinaugh,  who  was  highly 
recommended. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
(sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Col:  J.  Ballinger. 


To  Major  St.  Amand. 

N.  Orleans  Jan:  20.  1811. 
Sir, 

Your  letter  of  yesterday  has  been  received  and  fur- 
nishes me  with  fresh  proof  of  your  Zeal  for  the  public 
Service. 

Considering  this  insurrection  as  at  an  end  the  pa- 


110  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

troles  may  until  further  orders,  be  left  to  the  discretion 
and  directions  of  the  parish  Court. 

I  approve  of  the  distribution  you  made  of  powder 
and  arms  to  the  Citizens,  and  with  regard  to  the  public 
muskets,  which  still  remain  in  your  possession,  I  would 
wish  you  to  distribute  them  among  the  freemen  who  re- 
side in  the  Parish  of  St.  Charles,  taking  a  memorandum 
of  the  name  of  each  Individual  to  whom  a  musket  is  de- 
livered. It  is  surely  of  importance  that  the  Militia 
should  be  armed;  and  I  persuade  myself  that  the  late 
event,  will  induce  every  Citizen  to  whom  a  musket  is  pre- 
sented, to  keep  the  same  in  good  order.  The  public 
powder  in  your  possession,  you  will  be  pleased  also 
to  distribute  among  the  Citizens. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
Majr.  St.  Aniand  sgd     AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Secretary  at  War. 

N.  Orleans  Jan  :  20.  1811. 
Sir, 

During  the  late  Insurrection  in  this  Territory,  the 
public  safety  required,  that  the  most  immediate  and  en- 
ergetic measures  should  be  resorted  to.  I  ordered  the 
Avhole  Militia  of  the  City  on  duty.  A  Detachment  march- 
ed against  the  Insurgents,  and  Horses,  Carts,  and  what- 
ever else  was  necessary  for  an  instantaneous  movement 
were  pressed  into  the  public  Service. 

I  have  necessarily  made  some  expenditures,  and  to 
meet  them,  I  shall  draw  Bills  on  the  Department  of  AVar, 
which  I  persuade  myself  will  be  duly  honored.  The  ne- 
cessity was  most  pressing  every  moments  delay  added 
force  to  the  Insurgents  and  increased  the  danger.  My 
orders  however  were  Zealously  and  promptly  executed, 
and  in  forty  eight  hours  the  public  safety  was  ensured. 
The  Militia  have  not  required  compensation  for  their 
services,  nor  will  any  be  offered  them.  The  charge 


LETTER  BOOKS. OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       Ill 

against  the  U.  S.  is  only  for  provisions,  horses,  Carts  &c, 
and  the  amount  I  presume  will  not  exceed  twelve  or  four- 
teen hundred  dollars.  I  have  informed  the  Secretary 
of  State  of  the  patriotic  ardor,  which  on  this  occasion 
was  manifested  by  every  class  of  my  fellow  Citizens,  nor 
did  I  omit  to  bear  testimony  to  the  very  correct  conduct 
of  the  armed  force  of  the  U.  S.  in  this  vicinity,  and  of  the 
propt  and  judicious  arrangements  of  eGneral  Hampton, 
under  whose  Command  the  several  detachments  of  Mil- 
iti,  that  marched  against  the  Insurgents  were  placed. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir  &c  £c 

Mr.  Eustice  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec:  War. 


To  the  Secretary  of  State. 

N.  Orleans  Jan:  20.  1811. 

Sir,  I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  a  Copy  of  a  letter 
addressed  to  me,  by  Col:  Gushing  dated  at  Mobile  the 
8th  of  the  present  Month;  and  which  contains  the  latest 
information  I  have  received  from  that  quarter. 

My  authority  is  respected  in  every  part  of  the  newly 
acquired  Territory,  except  a  small  District  around  the 
Town  and  Fort  of  Mobile ;  and  there  until  your  further 
orders  the  Spanish  must  remain  undisturbed. 

The  Individuals  whom  I  mentioned  in  a  former  Let- 
ter, as  having  been  taken  prisoners  by  Govr.  Folch,  re- 
main in  confiement  at  Pensacola.  Throughout  the  whole 
District  of  Baton  Rouge  there  is  a  lively  interest  ex- 
pressed as  to  the  fate  of  these  unfortunate  men;  and  I 
am  frequently  solicited  to  intercede  in  their  favor.  But 
I  have  thought  it  most  correct  to  have  your  previous 
sanction. 

The  Honble.  I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec:  State. 


112  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Private  Letter  to  Judge  Moreau  Lislet. 

N.  Orleans  Jan:  20.  1811. 
Dr.  Sir, 

It  has  been  represented  to  me,  that  a  negroe  of  the 
name  of  Telemachus,  the  property  of  Mr.  Bernady  is 
now  confined  in  Jail ;  and  that  in  all  the  Testimony  taken 
of  the  subject  of  the  late  conspiracy,  Telemachus  has 
not  been  in  the  least  degree  inculpated.  "Will  you  do 
me  the  favor  to  say  whether  such  be  the  fact  as  I  am 
earnestly  solicited  from  a  respectable  quarter  to  direct 
the  release  of  said  Slave. 

Major  Trqsk  also  has  entreated  me  to  pardon  one  of 
his  Slaves,  condemned  to  die.  I  have  said  to  him  that 
on  the  recommendation  of  the  Court  and  a  majority  of 
the  Jury  his  request  shall  be  granted. 

I  am  Dr.  Sr.  &c  &c 
(sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Judge  Moreau  Lislet. 


To  Doctor  Steele. 

N.  Orleans  Jan:  20.  1S11. 
Dr.  Sir, 

I  am  sorry  it  has  not  been  in  my  power  to  comply 
with  your  solicitation  in  behalf  of  Mr.  Collins,  and  Mr. 
McCleland.  The  office  for  which  the  first  Gentleman  was 
a  candidate,  has  already  been  promised  to  another,  and 
that  which  the  latter  desired  had  been  previously  con- 
ferred on  a  Mr.  Kavinaugh. 

The  last  accounts  left  the  Spaniards  in  possession  of 
Mobile,  but  I  persuade  myself  that  orders  to  dispossess 
them,  will  very  soon  reach  me.  Congress  will  T  trust 
act  on  this  occasion,  with  energy  and  dicision.  Such  a 
course  I  am  persuaded  will  meet  the  support  of  the  na- 
tion. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       113 

The  late  Insurrection  has  been  effectually  crushed. 
It  does  not  appear  to  have  been  of  extensive  combination, 
and  the  mischief  done  is  by  no  means  as  great  as  was  at 
first  apprehended.  Two  Citizens  only  were  murdered, 
three  dwelling  houses  burned  and  several  pillaged.  But 
the  planters  have  sustained  a  serious  loss  by  the  number 
of  Slaves  killed  and  executed. 

I  have  been  compelled  to  prorogue  the  Legislature 
until  the  28th  Instant,  and  I  hope  their  first  act  will  be 
to  extend  to  the  newly  acquired  Territory  a  just  share 
in  the  representation  to  the  General  Assembly. 

I  am  Dr.  Sr.  &c  &c 
Doctr.  Steele.  (sgd)     "\V.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Mr.  Jefferson. 

N.  Orleans  Jan :  20.  1811. 
My  dear  Sir, 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  the  Laws  of 
this  Territory  are  in  force  in  every  part  of  that  tract 
of  Country  directed  to  be  occupied  by  the  President's 
Proclamation  of  the  27th  of  October  last  except  a  small 
District  around  the  Town  and  Fort  of  Mobile,  there  a 
Spanish  force  is  stationed  and  must  remain  undisturbed 
until  the  further  orders  of  my  Government.  I  hope  how- 
ever these  orders  will  not  be  long  delayed.  If  there  be 
a  foreign  nation  disposed  to  resist  the  taking  possession 
of  the  Country  West  of  the  Perdido,  by  the  United  States, 
its  wrath  will  not  be  deverted  by  a  forbearance  to  dis- 
possess the  Spaniards  of  Mobile  by  force:  and  the  suf- 
fering them  to  remain  there  can  only  tend  to  create  dis- 
satisfaction among  our  own  Citizens,  and  give  counte- 
nance to  a  charge  (which  is  already  circulated)  of  a  want 
of  firmness  and  decision  on  the  part  of  Congress. 


114  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

We  have  lately  experienced  much  alarm  in  conse- 
quence of  an  Insurrection  among  the  Slaves  in  this  vi- 
cinity. It  at  first  assumed  a  menacing  aspect;  but  was 
very  soon  quelled  by  the  prompt  and  decisive  movements, 
of  the  armed  force  of  the  United  States,  and  the  Body  of 
the  Militia.  Livingston,  had  left  this  for  the  U.  S.  pre- 
vious to  my  arrivel.  He  had  exhausted  all  his  ingenuity 
to  obtain  a  judgment  against  the  late  Marshal;  and  to 
repossess  himself  of  the  Batture;  but  has  been  com- 
pletely foiled.  The  Mayor  of  the  City  informs  me  that 
all  the  documents  you  requested  have  been  forwarded 
to  your  address.1 

The  Legislature  of  the  Territory  will  be  in  Session  in 
a  few  days.  It  is  probable  that  the  case  of  the  Bature 
will  again  be  brought  before  them.  I  am  greatly  de- 
sirous to  see  your  Memoir  on  that  subject,  in  the  hands 
of  the  People.  It  cannot  fail  to  make  a  great  and  just 
impression. 

I  am  &c  &c 

(sgd)     AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Mr.  Tlios.  Jefferson 


To  Major  Dub  our  g. 

N.  Orleans  Jan :  21.  1811 

Sir, 

A  Slave  of  the  name  of  Gilbert  has  been  convicted  of 
the  Offence  of  aiding  and  abeting  in  an  Insurrection,  and 
has  been  sentenced  to  be  shot.  AVill  you  be  pleased  there- 
fore to  furnish  the  Sheriff  who  will  present  you  this  note, 
with  a  Guard  from  among  the  Company  of  volunteers, 
under  your  Command,  to  carry  into  effect  the  sentence 
aforesaid. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
Major  Dubourg  (sgd)      \V.  C.  C.  (Maibornc 

1  Jefferson  showed  much  interest  in  the  Batture  Case  and  had  data 
bearing  on  its  merits  sent  directly  to  him. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBOKNE.        115 

To  the  Secretary  of  State. 

N.  Orleans  January  22.  1811 
Sir, 

To  enable  me  to  meet  some  other  expences,  incident 
to  the  taking  possession  of  the  Territory  designated  in 
the  President's  proclamation  of  the  27th  of  last  October 
I  have  this  day  drawn  upon  You  for  the  further  sum 
of  two  thousand  dollars,  payable  at  ten  days  sight  to 
Joseph  Saul  or  order. 

The  Honble.  I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Secretary  of  State 


To  Genl.  Hampton. 

N.  Orleans  Morning  Jan :  24.  1811 
Sir, 

Various  reports  having  reached  me  of  an  expected 
reinforcement  at  Pensacola  from  Havannali ;  and  of  the 
design  of  Governor  Folch  to  advance  in  force  towards 
Mobile  I  deem  it  proper  to  inform  you  that  the  Perdido 
being  considered  as  the  Eastern  Limit  of  the  Territory 
of  Orleans,  I  could  not  view  the  passing  of  that  Eiver 
by  a  Spanish  force  in  any  other  light  than  as  an  invasion 
of  the  Territory  committed  to  my  care. 

As  respects  the  Fort  of  Mobile  wre  are  restricted  un- 
til further  Orders  from  useing  force  against  it :—  But 
the  strengthening  of  the  Garrison  of  Mobile  by  Govr. 
Folch  is  certainly  inadmissable.  An  attempt  to  do  so, 
will  in  itself  be  evidence  of  hostile  views  towards  the 
Government  of  this  Territory ;  and  in  my  opinion  would 
justify  taking  immediate  possession  of  the  Fort.1 

1  This  purpose  to  use  force  to  prevent  reinforcements  being  sent  to 
Mobile  came  to  the  attention  of  the  Spanish  authorities  and  caused  them 
to  hesitate  after  the  lesson  of  the  West  Florida  Revolution. 


116  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Such  Sir,  are  my  sentiments  and  they  are  communi- 
cated to  you,  in  full  confidence  that  you  will  support  them 
with  the  armed  force  under  your  Command. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
Genl.  Hampton  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Genl.  Hampton. 

N.  Orleans  Jan:  24.  1811. 
Sir. 

_  In  my  letter  of  the  morning  there  was  a  subject  of 
some  moment  which  I  omitted  to  introduce  to  your  at- 
tention. It  was  represented  to  me  some  time  since  by 
Col :  Sparks  that  a  number  of  Individuals  had  assembled 
in  arms  (acting  as  was  said  under  the  authority  of  the 
late  Florida  Convention)  and  designed  to  commit  dep- 
redations on  the  Inhabitants  of  "Mobile  and  probably 
to  deluge  it  in  blood".  He  in  order  to  prevent  thorn  had 
directed  Capt  Gaines  with  80  men  to  take  a  position  near 
Mobile.  In  consequence  of  which  movement  1  have  since 
understood  that  the  Individuals  who  had  assembled  as 
aforesaid  immediately  dispersed.  But  in  the  event  that 
the  Troops  now  in  the  vicinity  of  Mobile,  should  be 
wholly  withdrawn  and  stationed  at  Fort  Stoddart,  it  is 
very  possible  that  depredations  on  the  Inhabitants  of 
Mobile  may  again  be  attempted.  AVill  you  be  pleased 
therefore  to  give  Col:  Gushing  some  suitable  instructions 
on  the  subject.  The  People  residing  west  of  the  Perdido, 
are  promised  protection  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States. 

I  am  Sir  &<•  &c 
Genl.  Hampton  (sgd)      AV.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        117 

To  Genl.  Hampton. 

N.Orleans  Jan:  24.1811 
Sir, 

My  letters  to  you  on  the  subject  we  were  conversing 
about  last  Evening  was  written  early  on  this  morning, 
and  was  handed  to  my  private  Secretary  Mr.  Lome  to 
deliver  but  a  short  time  previous  to  his  visiting  your 
quarters  you  had  left  the  City  for  Baton  Rouge ;  and  the 
letter  has  been  placed  in  the  Post  Office  to  be  forwarded 
by  the  Mail  of  Tomorrow.  I  do  not  believe  the  public 
service  will  sustain  any  injury  by  this  delay,  since  such 
further  Orders  to  Col :  Cushing  as  you  may  think  proper 
to  issue  can  he  transmitted  in  six  days  from  Baton 
Rouge,  to  Fort  Stoddert,  and  really  that  rout  is  much 
the  most  safe  and  19  times  out  of  twenty  would  prove  the 
most  expeditious. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
Genl.  Hampton  (sgd)      W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Mr.  Bernard  Genoie. 

N.  Orleans  Jan:  24.  1811. 
Sir, 

It  has  been  represented  to  me  that  in  the  Course  of 
Last  Evening,  you  heard  a  conversation  between  several 
persons  of  Color  of  a  nature  calculated  to  induce  a  sus- 
picion that  some  project  agaisrit  the  peace  and  safety  of 
the  City  existed.1  Will  you  be  pleased  to  make  a  state- 
ment in  writing  of  the  substance  of  that  conversation 
and  transmit  the  same  without  delay  to  me. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c. 
(sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Bernard  Genoie  Esq. 

1  Claiborne  was  fearful  that  the  negroes  of  New  Orleans  were  plot- 
ting mischief. 


118  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Govr.  Holmes. 

N.  Orleans  Jan:  25.  1811 
Sir, 

A  man  calling  himself  William  Bradford  is  now  in  the 
Jail  of  this  City  charged  with  having  feloniously  taken 
and  carried  away  from  the  County  of  Amite  in  the  Mis- 
sissippi Territory,  two  Negroe  men,  the  property  of 
Thomas  Batchellor  and  Agrippa  Gayden  Inhabitants  of 
the  aforesaid  County  and  Territory. 

An  application  lias  been  made  to  me  by  Mr.  John 
Leith  of  the  Mississippi  Territory  to  deliver  to  him  the 
person  of  William  Bradford;  but  I  am  advised  that  the 
proper  Course  of  proceeding  would  be  that  the  Offender 
should  be  demanded  by  the  Executive  of  the  Mississippi 
Territory,  and  such  demand  being  made  I  have  only  to 
add,  that  he  shall  be  delivered  to  such  person  as  you  may 
designate. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
Govr.  Holmes  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborno 


To  Major  McRea. 

N.  Orleans  Jan:  25.  1811 
Sir, 

Mr.  Beaumond  a  Lt.  Col:  in  the  service  of  Spain  died 
in  this  Vicinity  Yesterday  and  will  bo  buried  tomorrow 
at  Nine  0 'Clock.  His  friends  are  desirous  that  he  should 
be  buried  with  the  honors  of  War.  Can  you  furnish  a 
Guard  under  the  direction  of  a  subaltern  Officer,  of  30 
or  40  men  to  attend  the  ceremony.  I  ask  for  that  num- 
ber only  because  I  know  the  present  weakness  of  the  Gar- 
rison. The  Guard  may  assemble  opposite  the  Church 
at  Xine  O'clock  and  from  thence  accompany  the  Corps 
to  the  grave.  It  may  at  all  times  be  proper  that  Mili- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        119 

tary  Men  attached  to  a  foreign  service  dying  in  our  Ter- 
ritory should  receive  the  Customary  honors.  But  at  this 
Crisis  I  am  particularly  desirous  that  the  remains  of  this 
Spanish  Officer  be  treated  with  military  honors.  Will 
you  invite  the  Officers  of  the  Garrison  to  attend  the  fu- 
neral from  the  Church. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
Major  McRea.  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Secretary  of  State. 

N.  Orleans  Jan:  25.  1811 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  You  a  Copy  of  the  Re- 
port  made  by  Doctor  Flood  who  was  sent  by  me  to  or- 
ganise the  Parishes  of  Viloxy  and  Pascagoula  and  of 
which  you  were  particularly  advised  in  my  letter  of  the 
5th  of  the  present  month. 

It  is  my  intention  to  extend  the  Parish  of  Pascagoula 
Eastwardly  as  far  as  Dog  River ;  you  will  find  that  River 
laid  down  in  the  Map  I  forwarded  you  from  Baton  Rouge 
—it  is  distant  three  miles  only  from  the  Fort  of  Mobile. 

Genl.  Hampton  has  ordered  two  hundred  men  to  take 
post  at  the  Pass  of  Christian.  He  accords  with  me  in 
opinion  that  it  is  a  proper  site  for  a  permanent  Garrison. 
The  Honble.  I  have  the  honor  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  sgd,    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

P.  S.  It  gives  me  pleasure  to  find  from  Doctor  Flood's 
Report  that  the  proceedings  of  Mr.  Reubin  Kemper,  have 
not  been  as  censurable  as  Col:  Sparks  at  one  time  had 
calculated  on.  Mr.  Kemper  has  always  professed  to 
be  sincerely  attached  to  the  Government  of  the  United 
States,  and  I  hope  his  conduct  may  comport  with  the 
character  of  a  good  Citizen.1 

1  For  an  account  of  the  Kempers'  connection  with  the  Baton  Rouge 
Revolution  see  Encyclopedia  of  Mississippi  History,  Vol.  1,  p.  966: 


120  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  the  Secretary  of  State. 

N.  Orleans  Jan:  29.  1811 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  a  Copy  of  a  letter  I 
received  two  days  since  from  Govr.  Folch,  from  which 
you  will  perceive  his  entire  dependence  on  the  Captain 
Genl.  of  Cuba. 

I  forward  you  also  a  paper  of  the  morning  contain- 
ing a  French  translation  of  an  infamous  publication 
which  has  appeared  in  the  Federal  Republican  of  Balti- 
more. This  publication  and  others  of  a  like  character 
will  make  a  groat  impression  in  the  Spanish  Colonies, 
and  may  perhaps  occasion  embarrassments  as  to  Florida, 
which  would  not  otherwise  have  occurred.  No  man  is 
more  attached  than  myself  to  the  liberty  of  the  Press; 
but  I  wish  to  God  some  preventive  to  its  licentiousness 
could  be  devised.  Could  not  some  check  to  Newspaper 
publications,  as  relates  to  our  relations  with  foreign  na- 
tions be  interposed?  The  Sons  of  Calumny  and  detrac- 
tion perhaps  cannot  with  safety  to  the  principles  of  our 
Constitution  be  restrained  in  their  exertions,  to  destroy 
at  Home  the  influence  of  the  best  men  of  the  Country: 
but  the  safety  of  Society  requires  that  their  malignant 
pens  should  not  be  permitted  to  take  such  a  range  as  may 
compromise  the  peace  of  the  nation. 

The  Legislature  of  the  Territory  met  on  yesterday; 
and  on  this  morning  at  11  0 'Clock  I  had  the  honor  to  de- 
liver to  them  an  address  of  which  the  enclosed  (marked 
A)  is  a  Copy. 

I  am  Sir  with  great  respect  &c  &c 
The  Honblo.  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborno 

Mr.  Smith 

Sec.  State. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       121 

Ordinance, 

By  William  Charles  Cole  Claiborne  Governor  of  the  Ter- 
ritory of  Orleans. 

Be  it  known  that  I  do  ordain  and  decree  that  the  Parish 
of  Pascagoula,  whose  Eastern  Boundary  was  by  an  Or- 
dinance bearing  date  the  4th  day  of  Jan:  instant,  de- 
clared to  be  the  Bayou  Batin,  shall  from  and  after  the 
date  hereof  be  extended  to  the  Rio  Peno  or  Dog  River, 
and  that  all  the  Settlements  East  of  said  River  shall 
hereafter  be  included  within  the  Parish  of  Pascagoula. 

Given  under  my  hand  &  the  Seal  of  the  Territory  at 
New  Orleans  on  the  26th  day  of  Jan :  1811,  and  in  the 
35th  Year  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of 
America. 
[L.  S.]  (sgd)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 


Speech. 

Delivered  by  Governor  Claiborne  to  both  Houses  of  the 
Legislative  Body  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans- 
Jan:  29.  1811. 

Fellow  Citizens  of  the  Legislative  Council  and  of  the 
House  of  Representatives, 

A  late  event  which  extends  your  Authority  over  an 
additional  tract  of  fertile  Country,  and  introduces  into 
the  bosom  of  our  family  a  brave  and  virtuous  people,  af- 
fords cause  of  such  sincere  satisfaction  to  every  patriotic 
breast  that  I  cannot  avoid  tendering  you  on  the  occasion 
my  warmest  congratulations. 

The  just  and  weighty  considerations  which  induced 
the  President  of  the  United  States  to  direct  possession 
to  be  taken  of  the  Territory  west  of  the  Perdedo,  as  a 
part  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans,  are  too  forcibly  de- 
tailed, Gentlemen,  in  his  Proclamation  of  the  27th  of  Oc- 


122  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

tober  to  need  further  illustration,  and  I  presume  too 
fresh  in  your  recollection  to  require  repetition.  It  is 
only  necessary  therefore  to  inform  you  that  throughout 
the  whole  of  the  Territory  in  question,  except  a  small 
District  around  the  Fort  and  Town  of  Mobile  I  have  ex- 
ercised the  powers  of  Chief  Magistrate ;  that  by  an  Or- 
dinance bearing  date  on  the  7th  of  last  December,  the 
County  of  Feliciana  was  established,  and  its  Eastern 
boundary  declared  to  be  the  River  Perdedo ;  that  by  sub- 
sequent Ordinances,  there  were  created  in  the  County 
aforesaid  the  parishes  of  Feliciana,  East  Baton  Rouge, 
St.  Helena,  St.  Tammany,  Viloxy  and  Pascagoula;  that 
Parish  Judges  and  other  necessary  Civil  Officers  have 
been  duly  commissioned,  and  that  good  order  is  pre- 
served Copies  of  those  Ordinances  will  be  laid  before 
you,  and  its  rests  with  the  Legislature  to  correct  such 
defects,  as  they  may  be  found  to  contain. 

There  is  nothing  I  more  desire,  than  to  see  our  newly 
adopted  fellow  Citizens,  prosperous  and  happy  under  the 
influence  of  a  free  Government  and  just  Laws;  not  do  I 
doubt  Gentlemen  your  readiness  to  do  whatever  their 
interest  may  advise.  It  is  of  primary  importance  that 
a  Law  should  pass,  according  to  the  Inhabitants  of  Fe- 
liciana, their  full  share  in  the  representation  to  the  gen- 
eral Assembly.  Your  powers  are  competent,  and  the 
President  lias  expressed  his  earnest  desire,  that  the  pe- 
riod of  their  present  privation  should  not  be  prolonged 
beyond  the  unavoidable  necessity  of  the  case.  It  is  also  ' 
important  to  provide  for  an  additional  Circuit  Court, 
whose  Sessions  shall  be  holdcn  at  Baton  Rouge,  or  else- 
where, vested  with  authority  to  try  capital  offoncos,  and 
with  appellate  jurisdiction  from  the  several  Parish 
Courts.  There  are  unquestionably  other  objects  greatly 
interesting  to  the  good  people  of  Feliciana;  but  the  con- 
siderations of  such  as  are  not  of  pressing  concern,  had 
better  be  defered  until  you  shall  be  in  possession  of  that 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        123 

local  information,  which  their  immediate  Representatives 
will  be  best  enabled  to  communicate. 

The  late  daring  and  unfortunate  Insurrection,  in  the 
Parishes  of  St.  John  Baptist  and  St.  Charles,  does  not 
appear  to  have  been  of  extensive  combination;  but  the 
result  only  of  previous  concert  between  the  slaves  of  a 
few  neighbouring  Plantations.  It  has  been  speedily  and 
entirley  quelled.  We  have  however  to  regret  the  un- 
timely death  of  two  highly  esteemed  Citizens,  cruelly 
massacred;  and  the  great  and  serious  loss  of  property 
sustained  by  many  of  our  planters.  This  loss  does  not 
fall  within  the  cases  for  which  a  remuneration  is  pro- 
vided by  the  existing  Laivs;  but  I  am  persuaded  Gentle- 
men, you  will  be  disposed  in  the  present  instance,  to  ex- 
tend their  provisions,  as  far  as  the  public  sympathy  for 
private  suffering  may  suggest  and  a  just  policy  warrant. 

The  example  which  has  been  made  of  the  principals 
in  this  Insurrection,  will  I  hope  produce  the  desired  ef- 
fect; the  vigilance  also  which  the  event  has  awakened, 
throughout  the  Territory  will  conduce  much  to  our  future 
security;  but  above  all  the  prompt,  ardent  and  decisive 
movements  of  the  armed  force  of  the  United  States,  in 
this  vicinity;  the  several  volunteer  Corps;  and  the  body 
of  the  Militia  must  have  made  an  impression,  that  will 
not  for  a  length  of  time  be  effaced.  • 

To  guard  however  more  effectually  against  occur- 
rences of  this  kind  for  the  future,  some  further,  and 
stronger  preventive  to  that  indiscriminate  importation 
of  slaves,  should  be  devised.  It  is  a  fact  of  notoriety 
that  negroes  of  Character  the  most  desperate  and  con- 
duct the  most  infamous. —  Convicts  pardoned  on  condi- 
tion of  transportation,  the  refuse  of  jails,  are  frequently 
introduced  into  this  Territory.  To  dwell  on  this  subject 
is  unnecessary.  The  consequences  which  from  a  con- 
tinuance of  this  traffic  are  likely  to  result  may  be  easily 
anticipated. 


124    •  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

I  could  not  avail  myself  of  an  occasion  as  favorable 
as  the  present,  to  renew  my  entreaties  for  a  more  en- 
ergetic Militia  System.  The  best  interest  of  the  Ter- 
ritory; the  safety  of  our  families  and  of  our  property, 
united  in  recommending  this  subject  to  your  early  and 
most  serious  consideration.  The  present  lax  and  dis- 
organised state  of  the  Militia  is  not  attributable  to  a 
want  of  exertion  on  the  part  of  the  Officers.  The  fault 
attaches  to  the  Law;  that  is  defective.  I  do  not  object 
to  the  leading  principles  of  the  System;  they  are  be- 
lieved to  be  correct,  and  a  radical  change  would  only 
tend  to  embarrass  and  retard  the  introduction  of  order 
and  discipline.  A  few  Amendments  only  to  the  exist- 
ing Law  are  necessary,  to  effect  the  purposes  for  which 
it  is  designed.  Prescribe  the  time  for  Regimental,  Batal- 
lion  and  Company  Musters,  and  direct  the  latter  to  lie 
more  frequent  than  heretofore;  augment  considerably 
the  fines  for  not-attendance  (so  much  so  as  to  make  the 
wealthiest  of  our  Citizens  unwilling  to  incur  them)  and 
provide  means  for  their  sure  and  speedy  collection ;  vest 
the  officers  with  power  to  enforce  their  orders;  punish 
the  disobedient  and  disorderly  with  fines  and  if  necessary 
with  imprisonment;  and  let  the  exemptions  from  duty 
be  as  circumscribed  as  possible.  In  a  word  let  your 
Law  lie  as  rigid  as  the  Principles  of  a  free  Government, 
can  be  brought  to  sanction.  The  faithful  Citizens  can- 
not but  approve  such  a  course.  They  are  aware  of  the 
many  casualties,  internal  and  external  to  which  the  Ter- 
ritory is  exposed,  and  must  be  sensible  of  the  importance 
of  a  well  regulated  Militia. 

I  have  noticed  Gentlemen  a  solicitude  on  the  part  of 
many  respectable  Citizens  for  a  3rd  Bank  in  this  City. 
If  indeed  such  an  Institution  promises  advantages  to 
commerce  and  to  Agriculture,  I  shall  be  happy  to  ap- 
prove and  Act  of  Incorporation;  but  it  seems  to  me  ex- 
pedient that  the  Territory  should  retain  the  Privilege  of 


'  LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       125 

subscribing  for  a  portion  of  the  stock,  and  that  the  Gov- 
ernment should  nominate  a  certain  number  of  Directors. 
The  direction  of  a  Bank  carries  with  it  much  influence, 
and  such  checks  should  be  interposed,  as  will  prevent 
that  influence,  from  being  used  with  views  to  private  op- 
pression or  political  Intrigue. 

There  is  another  subject  greatly  interesting  to  Com- 
merce and  to  Society  at  large  which  I  recommend  to  the 
attention  of  the  Legislature.  I  allude  to  the  present 
Bankrupt  system.  It  is  surely  desirable  that  the  Law 
should  provide  relief  for  the  unfortunate.  It  is  surely 
desirable  that  the  Law  should  provide  relief  for  the  un- 
fortunate trader,  and  shield  the  honest  debtor  from  the 
persecutions  of  a  merciless  Creditor.  But  great  care 
should  be  taken,  lest  the  facilities  it  affords,  be  made 
subservient  to  the  purposes  of  fraud.  New  Orleans  al- 
ready ranks  among  the  most  prosperous  Cities  of  the 
United  States.  To  its  continued  welfare  a  fair  commer- 
cial character  is  essential,  and  to  that  end  nothing  could 
more  contribute,  that  a  strict,  but  humane  statute  of 
Bankruptcy,  the  provisions  of  which  no  honest  man 
would  have  cause  to  censure,  and  no  fraudulent  one  an 
opportunity  to  evade. 

The  ample  resources  of  the  Treasury  evince  the  fidel- 
ity and  ability  with  which  our  fiscal  concerns  have  been 
conducted.  From  the  annual  report  of  the  Treasurer 
you  will  find  a  great  and  increasing  surplus  fund,  and  I 
advise  and  invite  you  Gentlemen  to  appropriate  a  moiety 
at  least  of  that  surplus  to  objects  of  public  utility. 
Among  these  a  liberal  provision  for  tlio  education  of 
youth  is  entitled  to  precedence.  It  is  a  truth  universally 
admitted  that  Science  is  the  best  support  of  liberty,  and 
that  to  maintain  our  Republican  Institutions  Informa- 
tion must  be  diffused  among  tlio  body  of  the  people. 

I  do  not  know  Gentlemen  that  I  shall  have  the  small- 
est objection  to  any  measure  you  may  propose.  But 


126  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

with  great  deference  permit  me  to  suggest  for  consid- 
eration the  expediency  of  making  provision  for  the  es- 
tablishment of  four  Academies,  and  that  a  like  generous 
patronage  be  extended  to  them  all ;  that  they  be  so  situ- 
ated as  to  reconcile  local  prejudices,  and  to  enlist  in  their 
favor  the  pride  and  interest  of  the  Citizens  generally; 
that  they  also  be  so  conducted  as  to  excite  among  the 
professors  and  Students  of  each  Institution  a  great  and 
constant  rivalship.  I  shall  decline  entering  into  the  de- 
tails of  my  plan;  but  on  a  question  in  which  my  Char- 
acter as  a  Magistrate,  a  Citizen,  and  a  father  I  feel  so 
lively  an  interest,  I  will  gladly  embrace  every  opper- 
tunity  for  an  interchange  of  Sentiments,  and  of  com- 
municating with  you  individually. 

An  important  Crisis  in  our  Affairs  will  soon  arrive, 
and  I  trust  in  Heaven  it  may  proof  propitous  to  our 
welfare.  I  am  persuaded  Gentlemen  that  the  Territory 
of  Orleans  will  be  early  admitted  into  the  union,  as  a 
Sister  State  nor  is  it  at  all  improbable,  but  that  Congress 
may  at  their  present  or  ensuing  Session,  make  provision 
for  such  admission.  I  am  aware  that  the  minds  of  many 
of  our  Citizens,  are  not  entirely  reconciled  to  such  a 
change  of  Government ;  but  whatever  objections  may  ex- 
ist, there  is  one  point  of  view  in  which  I  contemplate 
with  pleasure  such  an  event.  It  will  place  beyond  the 
reach  of  change  our  political  destinies,  and  attach  for 
ever  the  Territory  of  Orleans,  hi  it*  prevent,  e.rtoit  to 
the  American  Union.1  A  Union  which  has  established 
and  which  supports  the  freedom,  the  greatness  of  our 
Country: —  A  Union  on  the  perpetuity  of  which  depends 
the  safety,  the  liberty,  the  prosperity  and  happiness  of 
ourselves  and  posterity. 

New  Orleans  (sgd)     William  C.  C.  (laiborne 

Jan:  LM).  1S11. 


1  Claiborno  rould  not  at  tinu-s  divest  himself  of  the  fear  that  Spain 
might  regain  possession  of  Louisiana. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       127 

Answer, 

of  the  Legislative  Council  to  Governor  Claiborne  's 

Speech. 

The  Legislative  Council  have  perused  with  due  at- 
tention your  Excellency's  communication,  to  both 
Branches  of  the  Legislature.  The  matter  contained 
therein  is  of  a  matter  highly  important  to  the  interest  of 
the  Country  at  large.  The  happy  annexation  of  West 
Florida  to  this  Territory  is  an  event  that  ought  to  be  re- 
joiced in,  by  all  classes  of  the  Community,  as  it  renders 
our  Territory  more  compact  in  having  the  Sovereignty 
on  both  Banks  of  the  Mississippi,  heretofore  held  by  a 
foreign  power.  The  Legislative  Council  will  cheerfully 
cooperate  with  the  other  Branches  of  the  Government  in 
extending  as  soon  as  possible  to  our  newly  adopted  Fel- 
low Citizens  the  right  of  representation  in  the  Terri- 
torial Legislature,  upon  just  and  equitable  principles. 

The  late  unfortunate  Insurrection  among  the  Slaves 
and  the  untimely  end  of  some  of  our  fellow  Citizens,  by 
the  unhallowed  hands  of  the  desperadoes,  and  the  loss  of 
property  to  Individuals,  is  a  terrible  warning  to  us  all 
and  doubtless  has  made  a  proper  impression  on  the 
minds  of  our  Citizens.  This,  Sir,  proves  to  us  the  im- 
perious necessity  of  a  prompt  organization  and  discipline 
of  the  Militia.  That  organization  is  doubtless  the  sur- 
est means  of  securing  the  tranquility  of  our  families, 
and  the  preservation  of  our  properties.  Therefore  be- 
side the  severe  Laws  which  it  may  be  necessary  to  enact 
on  that  subject,  we  think  it  desirable  that  a  mode  of  mil- 
itary instruction  should  be  established,  which  without 
harrassing  the  Citizens  may  accustom  them  to  that  dis- 
cipline and  order  which  it  is  their  interest  to  observe. 
Independently  of  the  means  which  we  may  ourselves,  and 
at  our  own  expence  resort  to  for  the  better  securing  our 
internal  and  external  tranquility  in  this  Territory,  we 


128  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

intend  to  express  to  the  general  Government  our  wish 
that  one  Regiment  of  Regular  Troops  be  permanently 
stationed  at  New  Orleans.  Such  a  measure  it  appears 
to  us,  would  be  as  well  calculated  for  the  safety  of  the 
Union  generally,  as  for  our  own.  Our  Territory  owing 
to  its  situation  as  a  frontier  and  to  other  reasons  which 
it -would  be  too  long  to  detail,  being  more  exposed  than 
any  other  part  of  the  United  States  to  external  and  in- 
ternal dangers. 

We  remark  with  satisfaction  that  the  time  is  not  far 
distant  when  the  Territory  with  its  present  boundaries 
is  about  to  take  its  exalted  situation  as  one  of  the  States 
of  Union.  This  dignified  situation  Louisianian  will  ever 
be  proud  of,  in  more  strongly  connecting  the  bond  of 
Union  of  the  great  American  family. 

It  is  to  be  lamented  that  thus  far  no  plan  has  been 
fallen  on  that  could  be  carried  into  execution  for  the 
promotion  of  Education  in  the  Territory,  the  very  Basis 
of  a  free  Government.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  this  Ses- 
sion both  Branches  of  the  Legislature  will  unite  their 
efforts  to  carry  into  execution  so  laudable  and  useful  an 
Object,  as  the  instruction  of  the  rising  generation  in  our 
own  Country,  and  not  to  be  tributary  to  Strangers  for 
what  we  can  have  at  home.  It  is  more  particularly  in- 
teresting at  the  present  moment  to  form  men  for  the 
purpose  of  Self  Government. 

The  Law  intended  for  the  Relief  of  unfortunate  and 
honest  debtors  is  very  properly  commented  on  by  Your 
Excellency.  Immediate  Legislative  Interference  is  nec- 
essary to  establish  an  uniform  System  of  Bankruptcy 
throughout  the  Territory  to  protect  the  really  unfortu- 
nate, but  as  severely  to  punish  the  fraudulent.  The 
present  Law  for  the  relief  of  Insolvent  debtors  has  been 
fully  proven  to  be  radically  bad,  and  ought  to  be  cut  at 
the  root,  till  some  better  system  can  be  adopted,  which 
will  claim  our  earlv  attention.  The  fact  is  that  to  our 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORXE.        129 

knowledge  but  few  unfortunate  men  have  had  any  relief 
from  the  Law,  but  in  many  instances  it  has  been  a  Shield 
to  cover  frauds. 

The  Legislative  Council  assure  your  Excellency  that 
they  will  keep  in  view  and  cooperate  in  any  measures 
that  may  be  proposed,  that  will  tend  to  the  true  and  es- 
sential interest  of  the  Country. 

New  Orleans  (sgd)     Jean  Noel  Detrehan 

31.  Jan :  1811.  Pres :  Leg :  Coun : 


Answer, 

of   the    House    of   Representatives    to    Governor 
Claiborne's  Speech. 

To  His  Excellency  William  C.  C.  Claiborne  Governor 
of  the  Territory  of  Orleans. 

The  House  of  Representatives  receives  with  great 
Satisfaction  Your  Excellency's  communication. 

Its  important  objects  will  attract  their  earliest  con- 
sideration, a  coincidence  of  opinion,  directed  by  a  com- 
mon solicitude  for  the  public  good,  will  produce  the  re- 
sults so  ardently  desired,  and  so  ably  recommended.  "We 
unite  the  public  congratulations  with  yours  in  the  event 
which  lias  extended  the  wing  of  the  American  constitu- 
tion over  an  adjacent  Country,  and  on  the  restoration 
of  our  antient  Limits,  by  its  annexation  to  this  Terri- 
tory. 

But  one  Sentiment  pervades  us —  both  sincerely  re- 
joice in  the  extension  of  the  Circle  of  human  liberty.  Wo 
receive  its  inhabitants  with  open  arms.  The  Tie  that 
binds  us  together  will  be  strengthened  by  the  recollec- 
tion, that  their  destiny  is  united  forever  with  ours.  May 
they  find  in  this  Union  tranquility  and  repose,  a  Solace 
for  the  anxieties  and  agitations  they  have  felt  during 
their  political  transitions.  We  shall  avail  ourselves  of 
the  first  occasion  to  manifest  to  them  our  Zeal  for  their 

V— 9 


130  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

welfare.  Our  first  care  shall  be  to  see  them  fairly  and 
justly  represented  in  our  Councils,  leaving  the  organiza- 
tion of  their  Government  to  our  joint  labour  and  talents. 

The  members  of  the  Legislature  mingle  with  the  pub- 
lic condolence  for  the  loss  of  our  Citizens  who  fell  a  sac- 
rifice to  the  fury  of  the  Blacks  in  their  recent  Insurrec- 
tion, and  deeply  sympathize  in  the  private  afflictions, 
and  individual  misfortune  which  mark  this  melancholy 
event. 

We  felicitate  ourselves  and  our  fellow  Citizens  that 
the  disaffection  was  partial,  the  effort  feeble  and  it  sup- 
pression immediate.  The  example  has  been  terrible  as 
the  object  was  sanguinary.  Great  fidelity  lias  been 
evinced  by  the  Slaves  towards  their  master  in  the  most 
trying  circumstances.  A  Zeal  and  spirit  worthy  the  oc- 
casion manifested  itself  among  our  Citizens,  and  Stran- 
gers. 

The  Blacks  have  been  taught  an  important  lesson— 
their  weakness,  and  we  have  learned  that  our  Security 
depends  on  the  order  and  discipline  of  the  Militia. 

"We  justly  appreciate  the  conduct  of  the  Military  and 
Naval  forces  of  the  United  States  in  this  quarter,  and 
of  our  Citizens  cooperating  with  them,  and  emulating 
their  generous  example. 

"We  recur  with  great  pleasure  to  the  promptitude  of 
their  movements,  and  the  ardor  patience  and  firmness 
with  which  they  sustained  the  most  fatiguing  march  and 
under  the  most  discouraging  Circumstances. 

The  House  of  Representatives  will  weigh  with  great 
deliberation  the  propriety  of  an  indemnification  of  the 
private  losses  sustained  during  this  Insurrection,  how 
far  that  Loss  ought  to  be  rendered  common  is  a  delicate, 
interesting  and  novel  question,  aided  by  the  best  infor- 
mation and  the  best  examples,  they  confidently  trust 
they  will  be  able  to  pursue  such  policy  as  a  liberal  and 
enlightened  public  will  approve  without  suffering  per- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        131 

sonal  sympathies  of  private  considerations  to  influence 
their  enquiry. 

Our  remote  situation  from  the  American  People,  the 
internal  casualties  and  extensional  dangers  to  which  we 
are  exposed  teach  us  to  look  for  the  means  of  security. 
Our  own  Inhabitants  will  be  equal  to  this  object,  if  or- 
ganized and  disciplined  under  an  energetic  System. 
Such  a  System  is  in  the  contemplation  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, and  we  shall  avail  ourselves  of  the  valuable  in- 
formation you  have  done  us  the  honor  to  communicate. 

The  flourishing  condition  of  our  Tresury  places  in 
our  hands  a  large  fund  for  objects  of  great  public  util- 
ity. Among  which  there  are  none  that  have  such  high 
claims  upon  public  confidence  as  Institutions  of  learn- 
ing. On  these  our  patronage  will  be  bestowed.  The 
peculiar  situation  of  this  Country  forces  the  considera- 
tion of  this  subject  upon  us.  Independent  of  its  intrin- 
sic merits  of  which  we  are  justly  sensible. 

The  other  subjects  embraced  in  the  wide  view  Your 
Excellency  has  taken  of  this  Country,  will  receive  our 
peculiar  attention. 

The  erection  of  this  Territory  in  its  present  extent 
into  a  State  Sovereignty,  and  its  admission  into  the 
Union,  will  form  an  interesting  Epoch  in  the  political 
history  of  this  Country.  Such  an  event  will  not  be  un- 
pleasing  to  its  inhabitants.  It  will  be  received  as  an- 
other Testimony  of  the  parental  care  with  which  the 
American  Government  has  watched  over  us. 

Feeling  that  our  destiny  is  interwoven  with  theirs, 
that  a  common  fate  awaits  us,  we  shall  cherish  the  Union 
with  a  sincere,  cordial  and  permanent  attachment.  We 
shall  cling  to  it  as  the  Ark  of  safety.  A  Union  which  we 
pra}r  God  may  be  as  lasting  as  time. 

(sgd)     Maglore  Guicliard 
Attest,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

(sgd)     Elija  Fromentin  C.  II.  R. 


132  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Ddctor  Flood's  Report. 

N.  Orleans  Jan:  25.  1811 
Sir, 

In  compliance  with  your  instructions  to  me  dated 
New  Orleans  Jan :  5.  1811  I  embarked  on  board  the  Fel- 
ucca Alligator  and  proceeded  to  Simeon  Favre's  on  the 
Eastern  bank  of  Pearl  River  and  delivered  him  his  com- 
mission as  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  and  for  the  Parish  of 
Viloxy,  a  copy  of  the  Civil  Code  of  the  Territory  and  the 
Laws  and  different  Acts  of  the  Legislature.  From  Pearl 
River  I  proceeded  to  the  Bay  of  St.  Louis  and  Pass  of 
Christian  where  I  hoisted  the  Flag  of  the  United  States 
on  9th  Jan :  1811  at  2  0  'clock,  and  filled  up  a  commission 
as  Justice  of  the  peace  in  and  for  the  Parish  of  Viloxy 
for  Philip  Saucier  delivered  him  a  Copy  of  the  Civil 
Code  of  the  Territory  with  the  Laws  and  different  acts 
of  the  Legislature.  From  the  Bay  of  St.  Louis  and  Pass 
of  Christian  I  went  to  the  Bay  of  Viloxy  where  I  filled 
up  a  Commission  of  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  and  for  the 
Parish  of  Viloxy  with  the  name  of  Jaque  L'Adner  who 
can  neither  read  nor  write,  nor  can  an  Inhabitant  of  the 
Bay  of  Viloxy,  giving  him  at  the  same  time  a  Copy  of 
the  Civil  Code  of  the  Territory  with  the  Laws  and  Acts 
of  the  Legislature.  From  the  Bay  of  Viloxy  I  proceed- 
ed to  the  Mouth  of  Pascagoula  River  where  on  the  morn- 
ing of  the  13th  of  Jan:  1811  I  hoisted  the  flag  of  the 
United  States.  At  this  place  I  met  with  several  men 
who  a  few  days  before  had  left  Depra,  I  overtook  For- 
tescu  Coming  who  had  passed  on  before  me  distributing 
Copies  of  the  Presidents  Proclamation.  From  Depra 's 
men  I  learned  that  all  was  quiet  on  the  Pascagoula,  that 
the  flag  of  the  United  States  was  hoisted  at  Depra 's  on 
the  2.  Jan :  1811  and  thatKemper  had  dismissed  his  men 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        133 

after  telling  them  that  the  object  of  their  association-^ 
was  completed,  that  they  were  now  under  the  protection 
of  the  United  States  to  which  he  strongly  and  impres- 
sively advised  them  to  pay  due  allegiance  and  respect.1 
Conceiving  as  I  did  that  Dupra  could  at  no  future 
period  be  so  well  convinced  as  at  this,  of  the  necessity 
of  returning  the  property  which  he  and  his  party  had 
arrested  from  innocent  people  at  the  Mouth  of  Pasca- 
goula  I  concluded  that  Mr.  F.  Coming  was  a  proper  per- 
son for  showing  this  necessity.  I  therefore  declined 
presenting  him  with  his  Commission  of  Justice  of  the 
Peace  in  and  for  the  Parish  of  Viloxy,  but  filled  up  one 
for  him  as  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  the  Parish  of  Pas- 
cagoula,  presenting  him  with  the  necessary  Laws,  in  or- 
der that  he  might  proceed  up  the  Pascagoula,  and  new 
assurances  of  the  determination  of  the  Government  of 
the  United  States,  to  support  the  people  of  that  Coun- 
try, and  by  every  means  of  persuasion  and  moderation 
to  produce  a  restoration  of  the  property,  and  correct  the 
misunderstanding  which  existed  among  some  of  the  In- 
habitants. Finding  no  person/?  able  either  to  read  or 
write  residing  there  at  the  £ay  or  Mouth  of  the  Pasca- 
goula, and  the  Inhabitants  expressing  great  confidence 
in,  and  attachment  to  Geo:  Farragout  (Sailing  master 
in  the  navy  of  the  United  States)  I  persuaded  him  for  the 
time  being  to  accept  of  a  Commission  of  Justice  of  the 
Peace  in  and  for  the  Parish  of  Pascagoula,  which  I  ac- 
cordingly filled  up,  and  delivered  him  the  necessary 
Laws.  I  also  filled  up  a  Commission  for  Benjamin 
Goodin  living  twenty  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Pas- 
cagoula as  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  and  for  the  Parish  of 
Pascagoula,  and  delivered  him  also  the  necessary  Laws. 

1  The  conduct  of  Kemper  in  connection  with  the  Revolution  of  West 
Florida  has  been  misunderstood  by  more  than  one  commentator.  He 
was  a  patriotic  revolutionist  and  not  a  brieand. 


134  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

My  proceedings  to  the  Bayou  Batin  appeared  unneces- 
sary as  it  is  only  the  residence  of  one  small  family.  I 
however  put  under  charge  of  Mr.  Morrison  formerly  of 
the  United  States  Navy  a  flag  with  instructions  to  hoist 
it  at  the  residence  of  the  Person  at  Bayou  Batin  and 
leave  it  under  his  care. 

The  whole  population  of  the  Parish  of  Viloxy  from 
the  best  information  I  could  collect  may  be  estimated 
at  four  hundred  and  twenty,  that  of  the  Parish  of  Pas- 
cagoula,  three  hundred  and  fifty  principally  french,  and 
Natives  of  Louisiana,  a  people  more  innocent  and  less 
offending  than  I  ever  say.  They  seem  to  regard  noth- 
ing but  the  immediate  necessaries  for  the  support  of  life, 
and  are  much  pleased  at  being  attached  to  and  protected 
by  the  United  States.  How  sensibly  have  I  been  im- 
pressed with  the  advantages  that  part  of  Louisiana 
which  has  lately  been  taken  possession  of)  is  to  the  U. 
States  and  particularly  to  the  Inhabitants  of  the  lower 
part  of  the  Mississippi. 

The  high  sandy  Soil  covered  with  pine  and  the  beau- 
tiful Bays  and  Rivers  which  empty  into  the  Sea  from 
Lake  Ponchartrain  to  the  Bay  of  Mobile,  seem  to  prom- 
ise full  recompence  for  the  unhealthiness  of  the  Climate 
of  New  Orleans.1  It  is  my  Opinion  in  a  military  point 
of  view  for  protection  to  the  Country,  and  ensuring 
health  to  the  Officer  and  the  Soldier,  the  Pass  of  Chris- 
tian and  Mouth  of  Pascagoula  cannot  be  surpassed  nor 
equalled  either  in  the  Mississippi  Territory  or  that  of 
Orleans. 

With  great  respect  &c  &c 

(sgd)     AVilliam  Flood 
His  Excellency 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

1  This  beautiful  coast  country  of  Missisippi  is  very  generally  used  by 
the  people  of  New  Orleans  for  summer  homes. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       135 

To  the  Secretary  of  State. 

N.  Orleans  January  30.  1811. 
Sir, 

A  Gentleman  who  left  the  Fort  of  Mobile  on  the  25th 
Instant  reports  that  the  Spaniards  remained  in  the  Fort, 
and  evidenced  no  disposition  to  evacuate. 

Having  heard  various  rumours  of  an  expected  rein- 
forcement at  Pensacola  and  of  the  probability  of  Gover- 
nor Folch's  passing  the  Perdido  with  a  Spanish  force  or 
attempting  to  strengthen  the  Garrison  of  Mobile  I  have 
addressed  a  Letter  Genl.  Hampton  upon  the  subject  of 
which  the  enclosed  is  a  Copy.  I  hope  the  ground  I  have 
taken  will  meet  your  approbation. 
The  Honble.  I  have  the  honor  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  sgd.     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec:  State 

P.  S.     The  last  letter  I  received  from  the  Department 
of  State  was  under  date  of  the  - 

W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  Genl.  Thomas. 

X.  Orleans  Jan:  30.  1811 
Dear  Sir, 

I  have  received  your  letter  of  the  16th  Instant. 

Several  copies  of  the  Civil  Code  and  of  the  other 
Laws  of  the  Territory  have  been  sent  to  the  Judge  of 
the  Parish  of  East  Baton  Rouge  with  instructions  to 
distribute  them  among  the  several  Justices  of  the  Peace 
and  of  course  you  will  be  furnished  with  a  Copy. 

The  discontents  in  your  vicinity  afford  me  sincere 
regret.  As  relates  to  the  Militia  Officers  I  have  commis- 
sioned none  others  in  your  Parish  except  a  Colonel  and 
one  Major  nor  shall  I  appoint  Company  Officers  until 


136  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

the  Company  Districts  are  laid  out,  and  I  acquire  such 
information  of  the  Citizens  generally  as  may  enable  me 
to  select  the  most  deserving  characters. 

The  late  insurrection  among  the  Slaves  in  the  County 
of  German  Coast,  induced  me  to  order  Militia  Patroles 
in  most  of  the  Parishes  But  this  Insurrection  being 
quelled  my  orders  to  the  several  Colonels  of  Militia,  will 
now  be  revoked,  and  the  patrole  service  will  be  left  to  the 
direction  of  the  Civil  Authority  of  the  several  Parishes.1 

The  first  wish  of  my  heart  is  to  see  harmony  and 
good  will  prevail  throughout  the  Territory,  and  I  am 
persuaded  that  you  will  unite  your  efforts  with  mine,  to 
check  those  little  dissentions  which  have  unfortunately 
arrisen  at  Baton  Rouge. 

The  last  accounts  left  the  Spaniards  in  possession 
of  the  Fort  of  Mobile ;  but  I  trust  in  Heaven  that  orders 
to  dispossess  them  may  soon  reach  me. 

The  Legislature  of  the  Territory  is  in  Session  and 
far  as  I  can  learn  a  sincere  disposition  exists  to  do  what- 
ever the  interest  of  the  good  people  of  Feliciana  may 
advise. 

I  should  always  be  happy  to  hear  from  you,  and  to 
have  the  benefit  of  your  opinion  upon  such  subjects,  as 
may  be  interesting  to  my  fellow  Citizens. 

I  am  Dr.  Sir,  £c  &c 
Genl.  Thomas.  AV.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  William  Herries  Esqr. 

X.  Orleans  Jan:  30.  1811 
oir. 

Your  letter  of  the  26th  instant  lias  been  received. 
I  well  recollect  the  Bayou  to  which  you  allude,  and  think 
the  public  convenience  would  be  greatly  benefitted  by  a 
permanent  Bridge  over  the  same. 

1  Sixty-six  slaves  were  killed,  some  were  hanged,  and  sixteen  sent  to 
New  Orleans  for  trial. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    \V.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  137 

I  am  not  vested  with  authority  to  decide  on  the  val- 
idity of  the  privilege  granted  you  by  the  Spanish  Gov- 
ernment ;  But  it  seems  to  me  the  best  course  which  you 
could  now  take  would  be  to  petition  the  Legislature  of 
the  Territory  (at  present  in  Session)  for  permission  to 
erect  a  Toll  Bridge  over  the  Bayou  in  question.  I  am 
persuaded  it  will  be  readily  granted  you. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
William  Herries  Esqr.        (sgd)     TV.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Commodore  Shaiv. 

New  Orleans  Jan :  31.  1811 
Sir, 

The  enclosed  Copy  of  a  letter  which  I  have  addressed 
to  Genl.  Hampton,  will  inform  you  of  my  determination 
to  oppose  the  passage  of  the  Kiver  Perdedo  by  a  Span- 
ish force,  and  in  what  point  of  view  I  shall  consider  an 
attempt  on  the  part  of  Governor  Folch  to  strengthen  the 
Garrison  at  Mobile.  As  it  is  not  improbable  therefore 
but  that  things  may  so  eventuate  as  to  require  the  active 
services  of  the  Naval  force  on  this  Station,  permit  me  to 
suggest  the  propriety  of  the  armed  Brig  Siren  being  or- 
dered to  some  point  in  or  near  the  Bay  Mobile. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
Comore.  Shaw  (sgd)     TV.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


Message  to  the  Assembly. 

Gentlemen  of  the  Legislative  Council  and  of  the  House 

of  Representatives 

I  now  have  the  honor  to  lay  before  you,  Copies  of 
the  several  Ordinances,  establishing  the  Countv  of  Felic- 


138  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

iana,  and  the  parishes  of  East  Baton  Rouge,  Feliciana, 
St.  Helena,  St.  Tammany,  Viloxy  and  Pascagoula. 
New  Orleans  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Jan:  31.  1811 


To  James  Nelson  Esqre. 

N.  Orleans  Jan:  31.  1811. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  thank  you  for  your  letter  of  the  18th  Instant.  It 
gives  me  much  useful  information  on  subjects  of  great 
public  interest,  and  shall  be  transmitted  to  the  ITonble. 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

I  am  sorry  to  hear  of  the  discontent  which  exists 
among  the  Militia  of  your  Parish ;  but  I  hope  it  will  soon 
cease  and  harmony  and  good  will  be  restored. 

Present  my  best  wishes  to  Your  Lady  and  family. 

I  am  Sr.  Sir  &c 
Jas.  Nelson  Esqre.  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborno 


To  Col:  Fulton. 

N.  Orleans  Jan:  31.  181.1. 
Dear  Sir, 

The  Adjutant  General  will  write  you  officially  by  this 
days  Mail,  on  public  business.  I  have  only  time  to  in- 
form you  that  I  have  mentioned  young  Mr.  Grand-Prie 
to  Comore.  Shaw,  who  will  receive  him  in  the  Navy,  as 
an  acting  Midshipman,  until  a  Warrant  can  be  obtained 
from  the  President.  Mr.  Grand  Prie  had  therefore  best 
repair  immediately  to  New  Orleans  and  enter  into  the 
Service.  I  will  remember  the  other  Brother  and  will 
serve  him  if  in  my  power. 

I  am  Dr.  Sir,  &c  £c 
Col:  Fulton  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORXE.  139 

Circular 

To  Mr.  F.  Skipwith  and  Doctr.  SteeJe. 

N.  Orleans  Jan:  31.  1811 
oir, 

The  House  of  Representatives  passed  on  Yesterday  a 
Law  giving  to  the  County  of  Feliciana  six  Representa- 
tives to  the  General  Assembly,  but  having  understood 
that  the  Council  would  probably  not  be  disposed  to  act 
upon  the  subject,  until  they  were  informed  as  to  the  pop- 
ulation of  the  County  generally,  and  of  the  parishes  re- 
spectively, I  must  beg  of  you  the  favor  to  furnish  me  by 
the  return  Mail  with  such  information  upon  the  subject 
as  you  may  be  possessed  of. 

I  am  I  believe  accurately  advised  as  to  the  number  of 
Inhabitants  in  Viloxy  and  Pascagoula,  but  am  not  so 
well  informed  as  to  the  population  in  East  Baton  Rouge, 
Feliciana,  St.  Helena,  &  St.  Tammany. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
Messrs.  Skipwith  &  Steele,    (Sgd-  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


Circular 

To  Messrs.  Rliea  and  Johnson. 

Sir  X.  Orleans  Jan.  31.  1811 

I  have  heard  with  sincere  regret  that  in  laying  out 
the  Parish  of  Feliciana,  I  have  greatly  curtailed  its  an- 
cient limits,  and  subjected  many  Citizens  to  inconven- 
ience by  placing  them  within  the  Bounds  of  the  Parish 
of  East  Baton  Rouge.  Will  you  be  pleased  to  furnish 
me  with  your  Sentiments  upon  this  Subject.  In  pi-e- 
scribing the  Bounds  of  Parishes,  my  sole  object  was  to 
consult  the  convenience  of  the  Inhabitants;  and  if  un- 
fortunately that  end  has  not  been  attained  wo  must  en- 


140  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

deavour  to  correct  the  wrong  as  soon  as  may  be  prac- 
ticable. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
(sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Messrs.  Bhea  &  Johnson 


To  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

New  Orleans  Feb :  1.  1811 
Sir, 

I  enclose  for  your  perusal  a  letter  addressed  to  me 
by  Mr.  Nelson  of  Baton  Rouge,  from  which  you  will  per- 
ceive the  solicitude  of  our  newly  adopted  Citizens  for  the 
confirmation  of  certain  titles  to  land  called  Grand-Pries 
titles.  Previous  to  the  Government  making  any  dispo- 
sition of  the  lands  in  Baton  Rouge,  permit  me  to  suggest 
the  expediency  of  the  Governor  of  the  Territory,  being 
instructed  to  call  upon  the  Inhabitants  respectively,  to 
present  to  him  (or  to  persons  designated  by  him)  a  State- 
ment in  writing  of  the  nature  and  extent  of  their  claims ; 
and  to  make  to  you  Sir  a  general  report  upon  the  sub- 
ject. This  was  done  in  the  Mississippi  Territory  under 
the  orders  of  the  Secretary  of  State;  and  I  have  reason 
to  believe  was  attended  with  beneficial  effects. 

As  to  the  Debts  of  the  Florida  Government  alluded  to 
by  Mr.  Nelson.  I  wish  some  means  of  discharging  them 
could  ])e  devised;  it  would  afford  a  great  and  general 
satisfaction. 

I  sincerely  hope  my  estimate  of  the  contingent  ex- 
pences  of  my  Department  may  be  allowed  by  Congress. 
T  declare  to  you  Sir  that  my  time  is  wholly  occupied,  in 
Official  Duties,  and  that  constant  employment  is  fur- 
nished for  two  clerks.  The  new  acquisition  grently  in- 
creases my  labors,  and  particularly  my  official  Corre- 
spondence. It  seems  to  me  Hint  (iovernors  of  Terri- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORXE.        141 

tories  should  possess  the  privilege  of  franking  letters.  I 
think  it  very  probable  that  the  Postage  on  letters  ad- 
dressed to  me,  since  the  10th  of  December  will  amount 
to  $60  or  $70 ;  and  with  the  exception  of  perhaps  five  or 
six,  these  letters  are  entirely  on  public  business,  or  con- 
taining enquiries  of  the  Climate,  Soil,  &c  of  the  Terri- 
tory. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir  &c  &c 

Mr.  Gallatin  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec:  Treasury 


To  Mr.  Gallatin. 

Private, 

New  Orleans  Feb :  1.  1811 
Dear  Sir, 

—  left  this  a  few  days  since  for  Baton  Rouge, 
accompanied  by  -  — .  It  is  now  reported  by  friends 
of  -  -  that  -  -  has  made  of  him  an  extensive  pur- 
chase of  Lands;  and  among  other  Tracts  the  place 
called  —  — . 

The  day  previous  to  the  -  -'s  leaving  the  City  he 
gave  me  to  understand,  that  Mr.  -  -  was  to  accom- 
pany him  and  supposing  it  probable,  that  a  landed  nego- 
tiation between  them  might  be  the  result  of  their  Voy- 
age, I  took  occasion  to  say  to  the  -  -  that  the  title 
to  the  greater  part  of  the  -  -  Tract  was  considered  by 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  as  imperfect. 

The  consideration   money  to  be  paid   by  -  is 

stated  to  be  -          -  thousand  dollars,  one  -          -  thous- 
and in  cash,  and  the  balance  in  one  and  two  years. 

Mr.  -  -  talks  of  setting  out  in  a  few  days  for  the 
Seat  of  Government,  and  will  carry  with  him  much  po- 
litical hostility  towards  me.  I  do  not  know  the  cause, 
unless  it  be  a  wish  on  his  jjart  to  rise  upon  my  ruin;  and 


142  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

to  effect  that  ruin  himself  and  his  partizans,  during  my 
late  absence  from  the  Territory,  were  busily  employed. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Dr.  Sir,  &c  &c, 

Mr.  Gallatin,  (sgd)  ,  \V.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


Private  Letter  to  Mr.  Duralde  Senr. 

N.  Orleans  Feb:  1.  1811 
My  dear  Sir, 

To  Mr.  Clay  who  will  hand  you  this  letter  I  must  re- 
fer you  for  the  news  of  this  City.  He  will  inform  you 
particularly  of  the  rise,  progress  and  termination  of 
the  Insurrection  among  the  Negroes  on  the  German 
Coast.  This  affair  gave  me  much  trouble ;  but  I  am  more 
than  compensated  by  the  consciousness  I  feel  that  I  faith- 
fully discharged  my  duty;  and  contributed  in  some  de- 
gree to  the  safety  of  the  Territory. 

The  enclosed  Copy  of  my  Discourse  to  the  Legisla- 
ture, will  furnish  you  with  the  view,  I  have  taken  of  our 
public  affairs;  and  the  measures  which  the  general  in- 
terest seemed  to  me  to  recommend.  As  relates  to  Flor- 
ida things  there  are  in  as  happy  a  state,  as  I  could  well 
expect  and  there  is  every  reason  to  believe,  that  the  tak- 
ing possession  of  the  Country,  AVest  of  the  Perdedo,  by 
the  American  Government  will  give  offence  to  no  foreign 
nation.  From  Havannah  I  have  received  information 
that  no  hostile  disposition  towards  the  American  Govern- 
ment  is  felt  by  the  Govr.  Genl.  of  Cuba,  and  that  the  at- 
tention of  the  people  of  that  Island  is  drawn  towards 
there  own  safety.  Inu  Mexico  also  the  Inhabitants  are 
wholly  occupied  in  their  own  affairs;  in  that  quarter  a 
general  Spirit  for  change  &  -Revolution  has  manifested 
itself.  A  civil  war  rages  and  all  the  horrors  of  the  times 
of  Cortez  are  revived!  How  happy  has  been  our  Des- 
tiny! How  much  cause  have  we  to  return  thanks  to 
Heaven,  for  the  Peace  &  prosperity  which  it  has  permit- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  \V.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        143 

ted  us  to  enjoy !  But  enough  of  politicks ;  I  pass  now  to 
the  dearest  object  of  my  affections.  How  does  my  dear 
little  Son  do?  Every  thing  relating  to  him  is  most  in- 
teresting to  me.  Would  to  God  I  could  see  him  fre- 
quently !  He  would  be  the  solace  of  my  heart !  But  his 
presence  tends  to  the  happiness  of  yourself  and  my  es- 
teemed mother,  to  promote  which  will  always  be  to  me  a 
most  pleasing  duty. 

I  come  now  to  touch  upon  a  subject  which  I  sincerely 
hope  may  meet  your  approbation. 

Your  son  Martin  Duralde  has  been  made  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  Marshal  of  the  Territory.  It 
is  a  most  honorable  trust  and  always  confered  on  the 
most  deserving  Citizens.  In  the  U.  S.  there  is  no  Office 
more  sought  after,  nor  is  there  and  Officer  more  respect- 
ed than  a  Marshal.  The  Office  in  this  Territory  is  un- 
questionably worth  from  fifteen  hundred  to  two  thousand 
dollars;  and  I  believe  much  more.  The  duties  also  are 
not  difficult  to  discharge;  and  as  relates  to  the  responsi- 
bility, an  honest  man  on  that  account  lias  nothing  to  fear. 

I  entreat  you  to  interest  yourself  with  Duralde  to  ac- 
cept. He  is  capable  and  will  receive  further  patronage 
if  he  embraces  the  present  occasion  to  place  himself  in  a 
situation  to  improve  his  mind.  The  Marshal  need  not 
reside  permanently  in  New  Orleans.  On  the  contrary  lie 
may  without  injury  to  the  public  Service  pass  one  half 
of  his  time  at  your  House,  and  I  shall  most  earnestly 
intreat  him  to  do  so. 

Mr.  Clay  rides  one  of  my  horses  and  has  the  care 
also  of  my  bridle  and  saddle ;  and  I  must  beg  the  favor  of 
Duralde  to  bring  the  horse,  saddle  and  bridle  down  for 
me. 

Present  me  affectionately  to  my  Mother  and  to  my 
esteemed  Julia.  Kiss  for  me  again  and  again  my  dear 
little  William  and  believe  me  to  be  &c  &c 

(sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


144  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  the  Secretary  of  State. 

N.  Orleans  Feb:  3.1811. 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  Copies  (No.  1  &  2) 
of  the  Answer  of  the  Legislative  Council  and  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  this  Territory  to  my  Com- 
munication of  the  29th  Ultimo,  as  also  a  Copy  of  a  letter 
(No.  3)  addressed  to  me  from  Havannah,  under  date  of 
the  10th  of  January. 

Genl.  Hampton  has  not  yet  returned  from  Baton 
Rouge.  Affairs  at  Mobile  remain  in  the  same  unsettled 
State,  as  when  I  last  wrote  you. 

Dupree's  party  (of  which  I  have  already  advised 
you)  continues  to  disturb  the  peaceful  and  unoffending 
Citizens.  My  presence  in  that  quarter  would  I  am  per- 
suaded be  useful  but  I  cannot  without  injury  to  the  pub- 
lic interest  withdraw  myself  from  the  Legislature. 
Should  however  the  taking  possession  of  Mobile  be  di- 
rected, I  shall  deem  it  my  duty  to  be  near  the  scene  of 
action. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 

Sec:  State  (signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborno 

P.  S.  The  enclosed  marked  (A)  is  a  Copy  of  my  Ordi- 
nance extending  the  limits  of  the  Parish  of  Pascagoula  to 
the  Rio  Peno  or  Dog  River. 

W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  Judge  Osbornc. 

N.  Orleans  Fob:  (i.  1811 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  a  Copy  of  an  Act 
providing  "for  the  election  of  Representatives  from  the 
Country  between  the  Territories  of  Mississippi  and  Or- 
leans and  between  the  Rivers  Mississippi  and  Perdedo 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    \V.  C.  C.  CLAIBOTHSTE.  145 

to  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans", 
together  with  several  printed  Copies  of  my  writ  of  Elec- 
tion, for  the  Parishes  of  St.  Helena  and  St.  Tammany, 
which  last  you  will  be  pleased  to  have  extensively  cir- 
culated. The  acts  of  the  Legislature  relating  to  elec- 
tions you  will  find  on  pages  78  &  174  of  the  printed  vol- 
ume of  the  statutes  of  the  Territory. 

For  the  information  of  the  people  I  have  thought 
proper  to  add,  to  my  writ  of  election  such  clauses  of  the 
Ordinance  of  Congress  for  the  Government  of  his  Terri- 
tory, as  prescribes  the  qualifications  of  a  Representa- 
tive, and  of  a  voter. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Honble.  Judge  Osborne 

P.  S.  I  enclose  you  also  a  copy  of  the  constitution  of 
the  United  States,  and  the  ordinance  and  other  Acts  of 
Congress,  for  the  Government  of  the  Territory  of  Or- 
leans. 

W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  Mr.  Gallatin. 
Private, 

N.  Orleans  Fob:  7.  1811. 
Dear  Sir, 

-  has  returned  to  this  City,  and  contradicts 
the  report  (mentioned  to  you  in  my  last  letter)  of  his 
having  purchased  -  -'s  landed  estates  in  this  Terri- 
tory. It  is  understood  that  an  Agreement  between  them 
had  at  one  time  taken  place  but  from  some  subsequent 
misunderstanding  as  to  the  Terms  it  was  agreed  to  can- 
cel the  same. 

Things  at  Mobile  remain  in  the  same  situation  as  at 
the  date  of  my  last  letter. 

v— 10 


146  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

The  Legislature  of  the  Territory  have  passed  a  Law 
authorizing  the  Inhabitants  of  the  County  of  Feliciana, 
(that  is  to  say  the  latley  acquired  Territory)  to  send  five 
Eepresentatives,  to  the  General  Assembly  and  the  elec- 
tion is  to  take  place  on  the  21st  Instant. 

The  Legislative  Council  and  House  of  Representa- 
tives in  their  answer  to  my  address  express  their  satis- 
faction at  the  prospect  of  this  Territory  being  erected 
into  a  State. 

The  Honble.  I  am  Dr.  Sir  &c  &c 

The  Sec:  Treasury.  sgd  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Secretary  of  State. 

N.  Orleans  Feb :  7.  1811. 
Sir, 

The  Legislature  of  this  Territory  passed  an  Act  on 
the  5th  Instant,  giving  to  the  Inhabitants  of  the  County 
of  Feliciana  the  privilege  of  sending  five  Representa- 
tives to  the  General  Assembly,  and  on  yesterday  I  issued 
Writs  of  Election  to  be  holden  in  the  several  Parishes 
within  the  County  of  Feliciana,  on  thursday  the  21st  of 
the  present  Month  February  and  the  two  following  days. 
The  State  of  things  at  Mobile  remains  in  the  same 
situation  as  at  the  date  of  my  last  letter. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec:  State 


To  the  Secretary  at  War. 

N.  Orleans  Feb:  8.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  a  duplicate1  Copy  of 
my  letter  of  the  20th  of  January.  The  charge  exhibited 
for  the  hire  of  Carts,  horses  £c  for  the  use  of  the  Militia 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       147 

during  the  late  insurrection  have  been  exorbitant;  and 
the  amount  of  provisions  furnished  is  greater  than  I  had 
anticipated.  I  suspect  the  whole  expenditure  may  be 
about  two  thousand  six  hundred  dollars.  I  had  not  time 
to  make  economical  arrangements.  Indeed  the  safety 
of  the  Territory  and  the  lives  and  property  of  the  Citi- 
zens depended  upon  prompt  movements ;  and  I  shall  com- 
mence the  payment  of  these  accounts  on  tomorrow,  or 
next  day;  and  to  enable  me  to  do  so  I  shall  draw  Bills 
upon  you,  which  I  pray  may  be  duly  honored. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir  &c  &c 

Mr.  Eustice  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec.  War. 


To  Genl.  Hampton. 

X.  Orleans  Feb :  8.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  now  have  the  honor  in  conformity  to  my  promise 
to  enclose  you  a  copy  of  an  Ordinance  passed  on  the 
26th  ultimo,  by  which  it  is  declared  that  the  Rio  Peno  or 
Dog  River  shall  be  the  Eastern  boundary  of  the  Parish 
of  Pascagoula.  That  River  in  its  course  passes  within 
three  miles  of  the  Fort  of  Mobile ;  and  discharges  itself 
into  the  Bay  about  nine  Miles  below.  Immediately  at 
the  point  of  junction  with  the  Bay,  has  been  suggested 
to  me  as  a  desirable  Scite  for  a  military  post.  The  ad- 
jacent Land  is  said  to  be  somewhat  elevated,  and  to  com- 
mand a  view  of  the  Vessels  passing  to  and  from  Mobile. 

Whilst  the  Spanish  Troops  are  permitted  to  occupy 
the  Town  of  Mobile,  I  do  not  think  it  prudent  to  leave 
the  Parish  of  Pascagoula  wholly  unprotected;  and  I 
therefore  Sir  submit  to  you  the  expediency  of  Stationing 
some  where  near  the  Eastern  limit  of  that  Parish  a  mili- 
tary force  perhaps  on  further  enquiry  the  point  of  June- 


148  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

tion  of  Dog  River  With  the  Bay  may  not  be  found  the 
most  elgible  position.  But  there  is  one  circumstance  in 
its  favor,  which  will  I  am  sure  have  great  weight.  It 
can  be  approached  (I  am  told)  by  our  Gun  Boats,  which 
in  many  points  of  view  may  prove  highly  beneficial. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
Genl.  Hampton  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Colonel  Pike. 

N.  Orleans  Feb:  8.  1811. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  have  received  your  letter  of  the  third  Instant.  It 
gives  me  pleasure  to  find  that  Genl.  Hampton  is  friendly 
towards  you.  Previously  to  his  leaving  New  Orleans  for 
Baton  Rouge  he  often  mentioned  you  in  conversation, 
and  always  with  great  respect. 

There  were  I  suspect  Individuals  who  laboured  to 
prejudice  Hampton  against  me;  but  I  persuade  myself 
that  that  good  understanding  which  at  present  exists  be- 
tween us,  will  continue. 

I  think  very  favorably  of  Major  Milton  and  were  he 
to  settle  in  this  Territory,  I  should  certainly  be  disposed 
to  serve  him.  The  person  holding  the  Office  of  Post  Mas- 
ter at  Baton  Rouge,  was  recommended  to  me  by  several 
respectable  Citizens  of  that  vicinity,  as  a  Man  or  hon- 
esty probity  and  good  demeanour,  and  that  recommenda- 
tion has  been  forwarded  to  the  Post  Master  General. 

I  have  no  late  intelligence  from  Washington.  At  tin- 
date  of  my  last  letter  it  was  believed  that  a  great  ma- 
jority of  Congress  would  approve  the  Conduct  of  the 
President  in  relation  to  Florida:  and  that  the  Territory 
of  Orleans  would  be  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  mem- 
ber State  As  to  the  State  of  our  foreign  relations,  I  am 
at  present  uninformed.  My  impression  is  that  the  tak- 
ing possession  of  Florida,  will  give  great  displeasure  to 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       149 

England  and  Spain ;  but  whether  they  will  be  disposed  on 
that  account  to  hostilities  entirely  depends  in  my  opin- 
ion upon  the  success  of  Bonaparte  in  Portugal  and  Spain. 

I  am  Dr.  Sir  &c  &c 
Col:  Pike.  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Judge  Rhea. 

N.  Orleans  Feb:  8.  1811. 
Sir, 

The  form  of  the  Bond  enclosed  in  your  letter  of  the 
29th  Ultimo,  is  correct  and  the  Securities  are  approved. 
In  my  opinion  it  is  proper  that  you  should  decline  giv- 
ing final  judgment  in  any  Civil  Actions,  until  the  Legis- 
lature shall  by  Law  make  provision  for  appeal  from  the 
decision  of  the  Parish  Courts  of  Feliciana —  a  provision 
which  already  exists  as  relates  to  Parish  Courts  in 
every  other  part  of  the  Territory.  My  impression  how- 
ever is  that  no  exception  can  be  taken  to  the  immideate 
exercise  of  such  other  authority  as  is  vested  in  you  by 
the  Laws  of  the  Territory. 

I  fear  that  in  prescribing  the  limits  of  the  Parishes 
of  East  Baton  Rouge  and  Feliciana  my  only  object  (the 
public  convenience)  has  not  been  attained;  and  if  so  I 
hope  the  Legislature  will  correct  my  error.  My  writs 
of  Election  for  East  Baton  Rouge  and  Feliciana  were 
forwarded  to  you  on  yesterday. 
The  Honbl.  I  am  Sir  &c  &c 

Judge  Rhea  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


Private,  to  John  H.  Johnson  Esqre. 
Dear  gir>  N.  Orleans  Feb:  8.  1811. 

I  have  received  your  letter  of  the  2nd  Instant.  So 
soon  as  the  Legislature  lias  created  a  circuit  Court  for 
the  District  of  Baton  Rouge,  you  will  be  offered  the  ap- 
pointment of  District  Sheriff,  for  I  am  assured  you 


150  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

would  discharge  the  duties  of  that  Office,  with  credit  to 
yourself  and  great  fidelity  to  the  public. 

I  find  hower  that  a  project  exists  to  annex  the  Par- 
ishes of  East  Baton  Rouge  and  Feliciana  to  the  Circuit 
Court  of  Pointe  Coupee;  but  I  presume  nothing  defi- 
nitively will  be  done  until  your  representatives  take  their 
Seats  in  the  Legislature.  My  wish  is  that  the  Parishes 
of  East  Baton  Rouge,  Feliciana,  St.  Helena  and  St.  Tam- 
many shall  form  a  seperate  Circuit  District;  and  such 
an  arrangement  will  I  hope  be  proposed  by  the  Repre- 
sentatives from  these  Parishes. 

You  will  have  seen  before  this  reaches  you  my  writ 
of  Election.  Perhaps  it  would  have  been  best  to  have 
named  a  more  remote  period  for  the  Election.  But  I 
deemed  it  of  great  importance  to  the  good  People  of 
Feliciana  to  be  represented  in  the  present  General  As- 
sembly. I  persuade  myself  that  the  Citizens  of  your 
district  will  on  this  occasion,  make  a  judicious  choice. 

Accept  my  best  wishes  &c  &c 
Jno:  H.  Johnson  Esqre.       (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


A  Proclamation— 

By  William  Charles  Cole    Claiborne    Governor    of   the 
Territory  of  Orleans— 

To  all  who  shall  see  these  presents  but  more  particu- 
larly to  the  Sheriff  of  the  first  Superior  Court  District. 

Be  it  know  that  virtue  of  the  powers  in  me  vested; 
I  do  hereby  order  an  direct,  that  the  execution  of  the 
Sentence  pronounced  against  a  negroe  man  named  Theo- 
dore, who  has  been  duly  convicted  of  the  Offence  of  In- 
surrection, be  suspended  until  the  first  friday  in  the 
Month  of  March  next. 

Given  under  my  hand  &c,  at  &c,  this  12th  day  of 
February  1811. 
[L.  S.]  (Signed)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  151 

Message 

Gentlemen  of  the  Legislative  Council  and  of  the  House 
of  Representatives — 

In  conformity  to  your  request  I  transmitted  to  Mr. 
Jefferson  late  President  of  the  United  States  under 
cover  of  a  letter  bearing  date  the  1st  Feb:  1810,  your 
Resolutions  entered  into  on  the  19th  day  of  the  preced- 
ing month,  expressive  of  a  high  sense  of  his  "long,  faith- 
ful, and  important  public  Services',  and  of  a  grateful 
recollection  of  his  "interference  in  the  case  of  Batture". 
A  copy  of  my  letter  &  of  one  from  Mr.  Jefferson,  in 
reply,  which  was  received  during  your  late  recess,  I  now 
have  the  honor  to  lay  before  you.  The  perusal  of  Mr. 
Jefferson's  letter  will  be  the  more  pleasing;  since  it  fur- 
nishes a  concise  but  satisfactory  view  of  the  just  consid- 
erations, which  produced  his  interposition  in  the  par- 
ticular case  alluded  to  by  the  Legislature.1 

The  preservation  of  the  Batture  Gentlemen  as  a  pub- 
lic Common,  is  not  only  "an  object  of  public  utility,  but 
of  national  justice";  nor  do  I  doubt  but  that  such  will 
be  the  final  disposition  made  of  it  by  the  Congress  of 
the  United  States,  who  manifest  in  all  their  Acts,  a  de- 
votion to  the  general  interests  of  the  nation. 
New  Orleans  (sgd)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Feb :  12.  1811. 


To  Josiah  S.  Johnson  Esqre. 

N.  Orleans  Feb :  13.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  am  informed  by  your  letter  of  the  12th  Instant,  of 
the  seizure  and  imprisonment  at  Pensacola  of  Mr.  Cyrus 

1  For  items  on  the  Batture  Case  see  Ford's  Works  of  Thomas  Jeffer- 
son. 


152  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Sibley,  the  Nephew  of  Doctor  Sibley  of  Nachitoches ;  and 
I  notice  with  pleasure  the  interest  you  take,  in  behalf  of 
this  young  man,  whom  it  is  believed  has  committed  no  of- 
fence against  the  Government  and  Laws  of  Spain. 

I  shall  avail  myself  of  the  first  occasion  to  enquire 
of  Governor  Folch  (by  letter)  the  cause  of  Mr.  Sibley 's 
arrest^  and  if  his  answer  should  be  such  to  justify  an 
opinion  that  Mr.  Sibley  is  wrongfully  detained  in  Cus- 
tody, you  may  be  assured  that  I  shall  make  such  repre- 
sentations upon  the  subject  as  the  nature  of  the  case  re- 
quires ;  and  my  duty  enjoins. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
Josiah  S.  Johnson  Esq.          (sgd)    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  tlie  Secretary  at  War. 

New  Orleans  Feb:  13.  1811 
Sir, 

To  meet  the  expences  of  supplies  furnished  the  mil- 
itia who  were  ordered  into  the  Service  of  the  United 
States,  during  the  late  Insurrection  among  the  Negroes 
in  this  Territory,  I  have  this  day  drawn  upon  you  for 
two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars,  payable  at  ten  days 
sight  to  Mr.  Benjamin  Morgan  or  order.  The  accounts 
&  vouchers  will  be  sent  you  as  soon  as  possible —  the 
payments  will  be  made  under  my  orders  by  my  friend 
Mr.  Geo.  AV.  Morgan  (a  very  correct  Accountant),  and 
as  soon  as  completed  a  statement  will  be  forwarded  you. 
Perhaps  the  amount  may  be  somewhat  more  than  the 
money  now  drawn  for;  but  I  am  not  without  hopes  that 
it  will  be  less.  I  shall  observe  the  greatest  economy, 
and  will  admit  no  account,  that  1  can  with  justice  refuse. 

T  must  confess  Sir.  tliat  this  Bill  is  drawn  upon  yon 

J   '  See  Kemper's  invasion    of  Mobile,    Encyclopedia   of   Mississippi 
History,   Vol.   II,   p.    270. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  \V.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       153 

with  sincere  regret,  since  I  am  not  possessed  of  your  pre- 
vious authority;  but  the  nature  of  the  charge,  the  press- 
ing demand  of  the  claimants,  will  be  received  I  hope  as 
my  apology. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir  £c  &c 

Mr.  Eustise  (sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec :  War. 


To  Genl.  Hampton 

N.  Orleans  Feb :  14.  1811 
Dear  Sir, 

Your  letter  of  the  10th  enclosing  one  to  you  from  Mr. 
McCall  of  Georgia  has  been  received.  Should  Mr.  McCall 
take  up  his  residence  in  this  Country,  I  certainly  shall  be 
disposed  to  be  friendly  towards  him.  Citizens  of  his 
Character  will  be  a  great  acquisition  to  the  Territory. 

I  am  Dr.  Sir,  &c  &c 
Genl.  Hampton.  (signed)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Genl.  W.  Hampton 

N.  Orleans  Feb:  14.  1811 
Sir, 

I  am  honored  with  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  9th 
instant,  enclosing  a  Copy  of  your  instructions  to  Col: 
Gushing  founded  as  you  inform  me  on  my  requisition.  I 
did  not  design  that  my  communications  to  you  of  the  8th 
of  this  month  should  be  considered  in  the  light  of  a  re- 
qusition  it  grew  out  of  a  conversation  we  had  a  few  days 
previously,  on  the  subject  to  which  it  alluded  and  was 
written  under  an  impression,  that  the  contents  would 
meet  your  approbation. 

The  Country  from  Dog  River  to  the  Perdido  a  dis- 
tance I  suspect  of  thirty  or  forty  miles  has  not  yet  been 


154  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

taken  possession  of,  and  I  therefore  do  not  consider  the 
power  vested  in  me  by  the  President's  Proclamation  of 
the  27th  of  October  or  my  authority  to  call  upon  the  Com- 
manding Officer  of  the  Troops  for  military  aid  as  being 
at  an  end. 

In  suggesting  the  expediency  of  establishing  a  post 
on  Dog  River,  I  had  not  in  view  the  suppression  of  disor- 
der among  the  Citizens ;  for  it  is  believed  there  are  very 
settlers  on  its  Eastern  bank;  nor  had  I  understood  that 
they  had  manifested  any  symptoms  of  opposition  to  the 
Laws ;  but  my  objects  were  to  guard  against  the  Spanish 
force,  at  Mobile  attempting  to  encroach  on  the  District 
included  within  the  Parish  of  Pascagoula;  and  further 
that  a  position  should  be  assumed,  which  would  enable 
you  to  act  more  immediately  against  Mobile  when  orders 
to  that  effect  were  received.  But  of  this  you  will  certain- 
ly be  the  better  enabled  to  judge  when  you  shall  be  furn- 
ished with  the  report  of  Col :  Gushing,  who  will  write 
under  the  advantages  of  local  information. 

You  were  not  correct  in  beleiving  that  I  am  destitute 
of  military  rank.  The  Ordinance  and  Acts  of  Congress, 
give  to  Governors  of  Territories,  iciihin  the  limits  of 
their  jurisdiction,  a  respectable  military  rank;  nor  has  it 
been  unusual  for  the  President  to  delegate  to  them  (thro' 
the  Sec:  at  War)  military  powers:  But  I  shall  dwell  no 
longer  on  this  subject.  On  two  points  I  am  assured  we 
shall  always  be  in  unison,  and  these  are  a  sincere  disposi- 
tion to  provide  for  the  safety  of  the  Territory,  now  oc- 
cupied; and  to  obtain  possession  of  the  Tract  extending 
to  the  Uerdido,  as  soon  as  the  orders  of  the  Government 
will  permit;  nor  do  I  doubt  Sir  but  that  to  this  end  you 
will  make  a  proper  disposition  of  the  force  under  your 
Command. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
Genl.  Hampton  (sgd)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


vLETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  155 

To  the  Secretary  of  State 

New  Orleans  Feb:  15.  1811 
Sir, 

A  few  days  since,  I  stated  to  you  a  Eeport  that  had 
reached  me  of  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Tully  Eobinson,  the 
Attorney  for  this  District;  and  took  the  liberty  to  add, 
that  if  a  Successor  to  Mr.  Eobinson,  was  selected  from 
among  the  Citizens  of  this  Territory,  Mr.  John  E.  Grymes 
was  in  my  Opinion  best  entiled  to  the  confidence  of  the 
President. 

I  have  now  the  pleasure  to  enclose  you  a  testimonial 
of  Mr.  Grymes  merit.  The  Signatures  of  the  letter  ad- 
dressed to  me,  are  those  of  our  most  respectable  Citizens. 
Mr.  Thos.  H.  Williams  is  the  Collector  of  the  District, 
and  Mr.  Croudson  the  Naval  Officer.  Mr.  Urquhart  was 
late  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives ;  and  is 
now  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Council.  Mr.  Mather 
is  Mayor  of  the  City ;  and  Mr.  Trudeau  a  Eepresentative 
in  the  Genl.  Assembly  of  the  Territory.  Mr.  Duncan  is  a 
distinguished  Lawyer ;  and  Messrs.  Morgan  Saul  and  the 
other  Signers,  are  worthy  members  of  Society;  and 
whose  favourable  impressions  of  Mr.  Grymes,  tend  to 
confirm  me  in  the  good  opinion  I  have  formed  of  him. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec :  State. 


To  the  Secretary  of  State 

New  Orleans  Feb :  15.  1811. 
Sir, 

The  enclosed  (Nos.  1.  2.  &  3)  are  copies  of  letters 
which  have  recently  passed  between  Genl.  Hampton  and 
myself.  We  do  not  entirely  agree  as  to  the  powers  and 


156  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

authority  with  which  I  am  invested  under  the  President's 
Proclamation  of  the  27th  of  October  last ;  and  the  orders 
of  the  Sec :  at  War  of  the  same  date,  but  the  public  inter- 
est will  not  on  that  account  receive  injury.  There  exists 
between  us  a  friendly  understanding ;  and  I  feel  assured, 
that  when  the  occasion  demands,  we  shall  cordially  and 
zealously  cooperate  in  all  measures  for  the  public  safety. 
The  llonble.  I  am  Sir  £c  &c 

Sec:  State.  (sgd)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  above  letter  having  been  presented  to  Genl. 
Hampton  at  his  request  for  perusal,  he  subjoined  the  fol- 
lowing remarks: 

His  Excellency  the  Governor  has  had  the  goodness,  to 
send  this  letter  for  my  inspection.  It  is  true  we  do  not 
agree  in  our  ideas  as  relates,  to  what  I  conceive  to  be  my 
military  rights ;  but  in  the  desire  to  promote  the  interest 
of  the  Country;  and  the  honor  of  its  Government  it  is 
impossible  for  us  to  differ.  We  have  witnessed  together 
an  interesting  Crisis,  if  not  suffered  to  pass  away  in  a 
controversy  about  Military  ettiquette.  In  a  work  I  am 
prepared  to  make  for  my  Country  every  sacrifice,  but 
that  of  my  honor,  and  that  I  trust  will  not  be  pressed 
upon  me.  Upon  this  subject  the  honble.  the  Sec :  at  War 
is  apprized  of  my  Sentiments. 

W.  Hampton; 

And  then  Governor  Claiborne  added  the  following  post- 
srip: 

P.  S.  I  really  consider  the  point  of  difference  between 
the  Genl.  and  myself  of  little  importance.  If  I  am  not 
mistaken  it  turns  upon  this  Question,  how  far  I  have  au- 
thority to  make  of  him  a  requisition ;  and  to  designate  a 
position  within  West  Florida,  as  proper  to  be  occupied, 
by  the  forces  under  his  Command.  I  have  thought  myself 
that  until  the  whole  of  the  Country  pointed  out,  in  the 
President's  Proclamation  was  taken  possession  of,  that 
I  had  the  right  to  designate  such  a  position  but  the  point 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORXE.  157 

lias  not  been  insisted  on,  and  shall  for  the  future  be  wav- 
ed. No  man  is  more  indifferent  to  military  etiquette 
than  myself  nor  is  there  the  smallest  disposition  on  my 
part  to  trespass  on  the  "rights"  of  others. 

I  am  assured  of  the  General's  devotion  to  his  Coun- 
try's welfare;  I  can  bear  testimony  to  his  very  meritor- 
ious conduct,  during  the  Crisis  (the  late  insurrection)  to 
which  he  alludes. 

signed  -  -  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Mr.  Sterling  Duprie 

N.  Orleans  Feb :  16.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  have  received  information  that  you  still  hold  sub- 
ject to  your  orders,  the  men  whom  you  embodied,  under 
the  authority  of  the  late  Florida  Convention;  and  that 
you  &  they  continue  to  depredate  on  the  property  of  the 
good  people  of  the  Parish  of  Pascagoula.  As  it  is  pos- 
sible that  this  conduct  may  proceed  from  a  mistaken  idea, 
of  the  State  of  the  Government  of  West  Florida  at  this 
time,  and  an  ignorance  of  the  illegality  of  your  proceed- 
ings; I  have  thought  proper  before  a  resort  is  had,  to 
more  rigorous  measures,  to  make  this  communication, 
requiring  you  to  disperse  the  men  that  you  have  assembl- 
ed, and  to  advise  and  request  you  to  restore  to  those  of 
whom  you  have  taken  any  property,  as  much  thereof,  as 
you  have  it  in  your  power  now  to  surrender. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
Mr.  Sterling  Duprie  sg.     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


Circular, 
Dr  Sir  New  Orleans  Feb :  18.  1811 

I  sincerely  hope  previous  to  the  rising  of  Congress, 
that  authority  may  be  given  the  President  to  remove  by 
force,  the  Spanish  Garrison  at  Mobile.  If  indeed  there  be 


158  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

a  foreign  power  disposed  to  resent  the  taking  possession 
of  Florida  by  the  United  States  enough  has  already  been 
done  to  serve  as  a  pretext  for  the  commencement  of  hos- 
tilities. 

I  am  happy  to  find  that  this  Territory  is  likely  to  be 
admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  Sister  State;  I  do  not  be- 
lieve Sir,  that  the  Government  has  anything  to  appre- 
hend from  the  population  of  this  District;  on  the  con- 
trary I  shall  be  greatly  disappointed,  if  the  politicks  of 
the  New  State  are  not  found  to  be  in  unison,  with  the 
principles  of  the  present  administration;  I  could  have 
wished  that  our  Eastern  Limits  could  have  extended  to 
the  Perdedo;  but  it  is  probable  that  under  existing  cir- 
cumstances, Congress  will  deem  it  most  expedient  to  an- 
nex Florida  to  the  Mississippi  Territory,  or  to  erect  it 
into  a  separate  Territorial  Government.1  In  this  latter 
event  there  will  no  doubt  be  several  applicants  for  the 
Office  of  Governor:  But  permit  me  Sir  to  mention  to 
you  the  name  of  a  Gentleman  of  talents  and  merit,  who 
would  discharge  with  credit  to  himself  and  fidelity  to  the 
Country  the  duties  of  that  office ;  I  allude  to  Col :  Zebulon 
Pike,  of  the  Army  now  in  Command  at  Baton  Rouge. 
He  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey ;  the  Son  of  an 
Old  Revolutionary  Officer,  whose  integrity,  valor  and 
seventy  six  principles,  he  has  inherited. 

T  heard  two  days  since  that  the  Attorney  for  this  Dis- 
trict Mr.  Tully  Robinson,  had  resigned.  Mr.  John  R. 
Grymes  late  of  Virginia  but  for  the  last  three  Years  an 
Inhabitant  of  New  Orleans  has  been  recommended  to 
the  President  as  his  Successor.  Mr.  Grymes'  talents  are 
highly  respectable,  and  such  has  been  his  political  course 
here,  as  to  interest  in  his  favour,  such  of  the  Citizens  of 


1  This  movement  to  form  another  Territory  had  little  support,  and 
was  abandoned. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       159 

Orleans,  as  are  in  my  opinion  the  best  supporters  of  the 
present  administration. 

I  am  Dr.  Sir,  &c  &c 
To  Mr.-  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Message 

Gentlemen  of  the  Legislative  Council  and  of  the  House 
of  Representatives. 

I  now  lay  before  you  a  report  which  has  been  made  to 
me,  by  the  Judge  of  the  Parish  of  St.  John  Baptiste,  in 
conformity  to  a  late  Resolution  of  the  Legislature. 
New  Orleans  (sgd)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Feb:  20.  1811 


To  the  Secretary  of  State 

New  Orleans  February  20.  1811. 
Sir, 

The  enclosed  paragraph  taken  from  the  National  In- 
telligencer, has  given  offence  to  Mr.  Skipwith  who  is  now 
in  this  City.  He  and  his  friends  seem  to  think  it  is  a 
literal  extract  from  my  Official  Correspondence  with 
your  Department;  and  Mr.  Skipwith 's  vindication  of 
himself  and  his  fellow  Citizens  will  I  am  told  be  soon 
published. 

My  Official  letters  to  you  Sir,  furnished  a  statement 
of  facts,  which  it  was  my  duty  to  communicate;  and  as 
relates  to  Mr.  Skipwith  it  was  not  in  saying  any  thing 
of  him  that  was  untrue,  but  in  not  having  detailed  more 
minutely,  all  the  information  I  received  at  St.  Francis- 
ville  of  his  sentiments  and  views.  Of  the  correct  course 
of  conduct  which  Mr.  Skipwith  afterwards  observed  at 
Baton  Rouge,  I  did  not  fail  fully  to  aprize  you  and  gave 
him  on  the  occasion  as  much  credit  as  he  was  entitled  to. 
In  a  letter  I  had  the  honor  to  address  you  from  Point 
Coupie  under  date  of  the of  December,  I  stated  that 


160  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

one  of  the  Deserters,  in  the  Fort  had  been  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  a  Lieutenant.  This  was  incorrect  and  my 
informant  mistaken.  The  Officers  of  the  Fort  were  as 
far  as  I  believe  Men  of  fair  character;  some  of  them  I 
know  personally,  and  they  possess  my  confidence  and 
esteem. 

We  are  greatly  solicitous  to  learn  the  fate  of  the  Bill 
for  the  admission  of  Orleans  as  a  Member  State  into  the 
Union,  and  to  know  in  what  manner  West  Florida  is  dis- 
posed of. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith.  (sgnd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Govr.  Folch 

New  Orleans  Feb:  21.  1S11. 
Sir, 

It  having  been  represented  to  me,  that  a  young  man 
of  the  name  Cyrus  Sibley,  a  native  Citizen  of  the  United 
States,  had  been  recently  arrested  at  Pensacola,  under 
the  orders  of  your  Excellency,  I  have  to  entreat  of  you 
the  goodness,  to  inform  me  of  the  charges,  against  him. 
The  friends  and  connexions  of  this  youth  are  highly  re- 
spectable; and  from  their  knowledge  of  his  disposition 
and  character,  cherish  a  hope  that  he  has  committed  no 
offence,  against  the  Government  or  Laws  of  Spain. 

May  I  also  avail  myself  of  this  occasion  to  enquire 
of  your  Excellency,  as  to  probable  fate  of  Hargrove  and 
his  companions,  who  were  a  few  months  since  taken  in 
Arms  in  the  vicinity  of  Mobile?  The  families  of  these 
unfortunate  men,  are  greatly  distressed  and  have  ex- 
pressed in  letters  to  me  much  solicitude  to  learn,  whether 
they  yet  live;  and  whether  there  be  a  prospect  of  their 
release  from  confinement.  It  will  be  a  source  of  pleas- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  161 

ure  I  am  assured  to  us  both,  if  your  Excellency's  care  be 
such,  as  will  administer  comfort  to  the  Afflicted. 

I  pray  God  to  extend  to  Your  Excellency  a  long  and 
happy  life. 

His  Excellency  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Govr.  Folch 
Pensacola 


To  the  Secretary  of  State 

New  Orleans  Feb :  23.  1811 
Sir, 

The  enclosed  extract  of  a  letter  was  this  moment 
handed  me  by  my  friend  Mr.  Banjamin  Morgan.  You 
may  give  entire  credence  to  its  contents.  It  comes  from 
a  friend  and  commercial  correspondent  of  Mr.  Morgan's 
residing  in  the  province  of  Techus.  Mexico  must  and 
will  soon  be  independent.  It  certainly  is  interesting  to 
the  United  States,  that  the  Revolution  now  commenced 
should  take  a  proper  direction.  If  it  is  believed  by  the 
President  that  I  could  render  any  services  on  this  occa- 
sion I  should  be  happy  to  obey  your  orders. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec:  State. 


To  Commodore  Shaw. 

New  Orleans  Feb:  23.  1811. 
Sir, 

Having  understood  from  the  Navy  Agent  that  the 
House  you  now  occupy,  cost  the  United  States  $900  per 
Annum;  and  having  learned  from  yourself  that  it  is  in- 

v— 11 


162  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

conveniently  situated;  I  offer  for  your  present  accomo- 
dation,  the  use  of  the  Government  House.  It  is  out  of 
repair  and  to  make  it  comfortable  some  reparations  are 
indispensible ;  but  these  I  presume  may  be  executed  by 
the  Artificers  in  the  employ  of  the  Government,  under 
your  orders;  and  as  the  improvements  will  be  made  to 
a  building  the  property  of  the  U.  S.  I  presume  there  can 
be  no  objection  to  the  Artificers  being  thus  employed. 
How  long  the  Government  House  may  remain  at  my  dis- 
position I  know  not;  it  is  not  improbable  but  that  Con- 
gress may  at  their  ensuing  Session  direct  its  sale,  pos- 
sibly this  may  be  done  at  their  present  Session,  but  I  do 
not  think  it  probable. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
Comore.  Shaw.  (sgd)     AV.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Secretary  of  State. 

N.  Orleans  Feb:  24.  1811. 
(Private) 
Dr.  Sir, 

I  had  the  honor  to  write  you  on  yesterday  by  the  Ship 
Orleans,  bound  to  Baltimore;  and  enclosed  you  an  ox- 
tract  of  a  letter  from  Nacogdoches,  which  stated  the  en- 
tire overthrow  of  the  Spanish  Authorities  in  the  five  in- 
ternal Provinces  of  Mexico.  It  seems  that  the  Revolu- 
tion commenced  near  the  City  of  Mexico,  but  the  Revo- 
lutionists yielding  to  the  superior  discipline  of  the  regu- 
lar Troops,  an  dbeing  in  great  want  of  arms  retreated  to 
the  Interior  Provinces,  where  the  army  and  people 
rallied  with  enthusiasm  round  their  standard.  What 
will  be  the  final  issue  of  this  Revolution  I  know  not ;  the 
Leaders  are  not  believed  to  be  men  of  talents,  and  it  is 
feared  it  will  be  a  length  of  time  before  the  people  will 
enjoy  the  blessings  of  a  stable  Government.  From  what 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE..       163 

I  can  learn  the  great  majority  of  the  People  of  Mexico, 
wish  to  be  totally  independent  of  Europe.  Among  the 
Creoles  of  the  Country  there  is  on  this  question  great 
unison  in  Sentiment;  but  the  more  prudent  and  enlight- 
ened have  taken  as  yet  no  part  in  the  contest.  But  I 
have  been  furnished  in  confidence,  and  from  a  quarter 
entitled  to  credence,  with  the  names  of  several  Creoles 
of  Talents,  great  wealth,  high  standing,  and  extensive 
influence  at  Le  Vera  Cruiz  and  in  the  City  of  Mexico, 
who  would  Zealously  support  the  cause  of  Independence, 
provided  they  were  assured  that  the  United  States  would 
not  prove  unfriendly  to  them.  It  is  a  fact  that  the  Peo- 
ple of  Spanish  America,  are  taught  to  believe,  that  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  is  devoted  to  the  views 
of  France,  and  on  that  account  inimical  to  their  emanci- 
pation. As  far  as  my  sources  of  information  will  enable 
me  you  should  be  particularly  advised  of  the  progress  of 
the  Revolution. 
The  Honbe.  I  am  Dr.  Sir  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  sgd    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec:  State. 


Message 

Gentlemen   of   the   Legislative    Council    and   House    of 
Representatives— 

I  have  the  honor  to  lay  before  you  a  report  made  to 
me  by  the  Judge  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Charles,  in  con- 
formity to  a  late  Resolution  of  the  Legislature.  Also  to 
lay  before  you  an  Instrument  of  writing,  signed  by  sev- 
eral Respectable  Inhabitants  bearing  testimony  to  the 
good  conduct  of  certain  free  men  of  color  during  the  late 
Insurrection,  and  recommending  them  the  favourable  at- 
tention of  the  Legislature. 
N.  Orleans  Feb :  25 : 1811  (sgd)  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


1G4  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  the  Secretary  of  State, 

N.  Orleans  Feb :  25.  1811. 
Sir, 

Deeming  it  my  duty  to  keep  you  advised  of  the  nature 
of  any  correspondence,  I  may  with  a  foreign  Agent,  or 
Officer,  I  enclose  for  your  perusal  a  letter,  I  have  lately 
addressed  to  Govr.  Folch,  making  certain  enquiries  rela- 
tive to  some  unfortunate  Citizens  of  the  United  States, 
who  are  in  confinement  at  Pensacola. 

To  the  Letter  which  I  addressed  to  the  Capt.  Genl.  at 
Cuba,  from  Baton  Rouge,  I  have  not  yet  received  an 
answer :  but  I  presume  that  however  disposed  the  Span- 
ish Authorities  might  have  been,  to  take  offence  at  the 
United  States  occupying  Florida,  the  late  events  in  the 
interior  of  Mexico,  will  now  incline  them  to  observe  the 
most  conciliatory  deportment. 

The  Legislature  of  the  Territory  continues  in  Ses- 
sion, but  without  much  utility  to  the  public  interest ;  for 
they  have  not  as  yet  adopted  a  single  measure  of  im- 
portance, an  opinion  unanimously  prevails,  that  we  shall 
soon  be  a  State,  and  in  expectation  of  that  event,  I  fear 
the  Territorial  authorities  will  become  less  zealous,  in 
their  efforts  for  the  public  welfare. 

If  I  recollect  aright  I  informed  you  verbally  before  I 
left  Washington,  that  I  should  not  on  my  return  occupy 
the  Government  house ;  and  the  reasons  which  influenced 
me,  I  offered  to  the  Legislature  in  an  indirect  manner, 
the  use  of  the  Government  House  on  condition,  that 
they  would  provide  the  Executive  of  the  Territory  with 
other  apartments:  But  there  being  some  reluctance 
manifested,  arising  from  an  apprehension,  that  would  at 
their  present  Session,  direct  the  sale  of  this  property, 
the  exchange  has  not  been  pressed;  and  with  inv  permis- 
sion; the  Government  House  will  be  occupied,  by  Com- 
modore Shaw,  which  will  save  the  U.  S.  900$,  per:  An- 
num the  rent  paid  for  a  house  for  the  use  of  the  Commo- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        165 

dore.  Two  small  buildings  on  the  Government  lot,  I 
have  rented  to  Individuals  for.  the  sum  of  60$  per :  Month 
which  enables  me  to  procure  for  my  own  accomodation 
comfortable  quarters  near  the  City,  where  I  may  reside 
during  the  ensuing  Summer,  without  endangering  my 
health.  I  hope  these  arrangements  will  not  be  disap- 
proved by  the  President. 
The  Honble.  I  have  the  honor  &c  &c 

The  Sec:  State.          (Signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


Capt.  Genl.  of  Cuba. 

N.  Orleans  Feb :  27.  1811 
Sir, 

Having  this  day  received  information,  that  Hargrave 
and  his  Companions,  who  were  some  time  since,  taken  in 
arms  near  the  Fort  of  Mobile,  were  ordered  for  trial  to 
Havana,  I  request  the  favour  of  your  Excellency  to  ad- 
vise me  of  their  present  situation.  The  unhappy  men 
are  natives  of  the  United  States  and  their  distressed 
families,  and  friends,  feel  the  greatest  solicitude  for 
their  safety.  May  I  therefore  enquire  of  your  Excel- 
lency, whether  Hargrave  and  his  unfortunate  Com- 
panions yet  live?  and  whether  there  be  any  prospect  of 
their  release  from  confinement?  Your  Excellency  will 
justly  appreciate  the  humane  motives  by  which  I  am 
actuated,  in  addressing  you  this  letter ;  and  I  am  assured, 
it  will  be  cause  of  sincere  satisfaction  to  your  Excellency, 
if  your  answer  can  be  such,  as  to  administer  comfort  to 
the  afflicted. 

Accept  my  best  wishes  for  the  happiness  for  the  wel- 
fare of  the  Spanish  Nation;  &  to  your  Excellency  indi- 
vidually I  tender  the  assurances  of  my  great  respect  and 
esteem. 

His  Excellency         (Signed)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
The  Capt.  Genl.  of  the 
Island  of  Cuba 


16G  MISSISSIPPI     TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 


N.  Orleans  Feb :  27.  1811. 

Your  resignation  as  Judge  of  the  Parish  of  East 
Baton  Rouge  is  accepted ;  and  I  have  nominated  as  your 
Successor,  your  friend  Doctor  Steele. 

I  take  this  occasion  to  return  you  my  best  thanks  for 
you  faithful  public  services  and  to  assure  you  of  my 
respect  and  esteem. 
Judge  Mather,  sgd.     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


N.  Orleans  Feb:  27.  1811. 
Sir, 

Desirous  of  availing  the  public  of  your  servics  as 
Judge  of  the  Parish  of  East  Baton  Rouge,  I  have  the 
honor  to  enclose  your  Commission.  In  the  event  of 
your  acceptance  your  predecessor  Mr.  Mather  is  hereby 
authorized  to  administer  to  you,  the  oaths  of  Office;  the 
Law  requires  that  you  should  give  bond  with  surities  to 
the  Governor  of  the  Territory  in  the  sum  of  live  thous- 
and dollars,  for  faithful  discharge,  of  the  duties  of  your 
Office.  The  form  of  the  bond  is  enclosed. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
Doctr.  Steele.  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


('apt.  Genl.  of  Cuba 

Xew  Orleans  March  3.  1811. 
Capt.  Genl.  of  Cuba 
Sir, 

On  the  27th  ultimo  T  had  the  honor  to  address  to  your 
Excellency  certain  enquiries  cowei'iiing  Ilargrave  and 
his  companions  in  misfortune,  who  were  taken  in  arms 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       167 

a  few  months  since  near  the  Fort  of  Mobile;  and  have 
been  ordered  for  trial  to  Havana.  It  now  becomes  my 
duty  to  solicit  the  attention  of  your  Excellency  more  par- 
ticularly to  the  case  of  Cyrus  Sibley,  an  inhabitant  of 
the  Territory  of  Orleans.  This  young  man  was  recently 
arrested  at  Pensacola,  under  the  orders  of  Govr.  Folch; 
and  has  been  sent  in  irons  to  Havana.  I  am  persuaded 
Sir,  that  Cyrus  Sibley  has  committed  no  offence  against 
the  Government  or  Laws  of  Spain,  and  that  his  arrest 
and  detention  are  wrongs  offered  an  American  Citizen, 
which  from  the  known  justice  of  your  Excellency  will 
be  speedily  remidied.  My  opinion  of  Sibley 's  innocence 
is  founded  on  the  enclosed  extracts  of  letters,  addressed 
to  me  by  two  highly  respectable  Citizens,  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Territory,  whose  representations  are  entitled  to 
entire  credence. 

The  Commanding  Officer  of  an  armed  Vessel  of  the 
United  States,  will  have  the  honor  to  deliver  this  Com- 
munication to  your  Excellency,  and  to  bear  to  me  such 
answer,  as  you  may  think  proper  to  return.  The  Com- 
manding Officer  is  further  instructed,  in  the  event  that 
your  Excellency  should  think  proper  to  direct  the  release 
of  Sibley,  to  receive  him  on  board  of  his  Vessel. 

As  relates  to  the  unfortunate  Hargrave  and  his  Com- 
panions, I  have  only  to  repeat  my  request  to  your  Ex- 
cellency, to  be  informed  of  their  present  situation;  and 
whether  there  is  any  prospect  of  their  liberation.  How 
far  it  may  comport  with  the  Justice  and  policy  of  the 
Spanish  Government,  to  punish  with  severity  those  un- 
happy men,  Your  Excellency  can  best  determine :  per- 
mit me  however  Sir,  to  observe,  that  their  release  would 
not  only  serve  the  cause  of  humanity :  but  would  tend  in 
a  great  degree  to  calm  those  angry  feelings,  which  the 
late  Revolution  at  Baton  Rouge  has  caused  to  exist,  be- 
tween the  Inhabitants  at  Pensacola,  and  the  people  of 
the  District,  now  composing  a  part  of  the  Territory  com- 


168  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL,    ARCHIVES. 

mitted  to  my  care.  These  feelings  I  am  assured  Sir  illy 
comport  with  the  wishes  of  our  respective  Governments, 
for  it  is  their  interests  and  will  I  hope  too  be  their  first 
care  to  cultivate  and  to  perpetuate  the  most  friendly 
understanding. 

I  renew  to  your  Excellency  the  assurances,  of  my 
most  distinguished  consideration. 
His  Excellency  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

The  Capt.  Genl. 
of  the  Island  of  Cuba 


To  William  Slialer  Esquire 

N.  Orleans  March  3.  1811. 

Sir, 

I  am  under  obligations  to  you  for  the  two  interesting 
letters  which  you  have  addressed  to  me.  The  last  under 
date  of  the  26  of  January  was  received  a  few  days  since. 

In  this  Territory  everything  is  quiet  -  -  a  Spanish 
Garrison  occupies  the  Fort  of  Mobile ;  and  must  remain 
undisturbed  until  the  President  shall  give  me  further 
orders. 

The  five  interior  Provinces  of  Mexico  are  completely 
revolutionised;  and  it  is  believed  here  that  the  City  of 
Mexico,  is  by  this  time  in  possession  of  the  Revolution- 
ists. 

At  the  date  of  my  last  accounts  from  Washington  it 
was  believed  that  the  charter  of  the  United  States  Bank 
would  not  be  renewed.  As  to  the  state  of  our  foreign  re- 
lations I  have  no  particular  information.  There  is  ru- 
mour that  the  British  Government  had  repealed  their  or- 
ders in  Council  &  nominated  a  minister  to  the  U.  S.  but 
it  is  not  generally  accredited. 

The  Naval  Officer  who  will  hand  you  this  letter  is 
charged  with  a  communication  to  the  Capt.  Genl.  of  Cuba. 


LETTEE    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  169 

It  relates  to  those  persons  who  were  taken  in  arms,  near 
the  Fort  of  Mobile,  &  to  a  Mr.  Cyrus  Sibley  who  was  re- 
cently arrested  at  Pensacola;  and  sent  in  Irons  to  Hav- 
ana. I  hope  sincerely  it  may  comport  with  the  policy  of 
the  Spanish  Government  to  direct  the  release  of  these  un- 
happy men.  Their  further  punishment  will  only  tend  to 
promote  that  ill  will  which  at  present  exists  between  the 
Inhabitants  of  the  District  of  Baton  Rouge ;  and  those  of 
the  Town  and  vicinity  of  Pensacola,  and  which  may  in 
the  end  give  much  trouble  to  both  Governments. 

I  shall  be  happy  to  hear  from  you  by  all  safe  occa- 
sions. 

Wm.  Shaler  Esqr.  I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 

Havana.  sgd       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Vincent  Gray  Esqre. 

New  Orleans  March  3.  1811. 
Dr.  Sir, 

I  thank  you  for  the  letter  you  did  me  the  favour  to  ad- 
dress me,  some  time  since.  I  should  have  acknowledged 
the  receipt  at  an  earlier  period,  but  it  occured  to  me  that 
your  private  interest  might  suffer,  if  the  Spanish  Gov- 
ernment should  by  any  means  learn  that  we  were  in  cor- 
respondence. 

The  most  perfect  good  order  prevails  throughout  this 
Territory;  and  I  am  in  possession  of  all  the  Country 
West  of  the  Perdedo,  except  the  Town  and  Fort  of  Mo- 
bile, and  a  small  District  around,  &  there  the  Spanish  au- 
thorities, must  remain  undisturbed,  until  the  further 
orders  of  my  Government. 

I  have  no  late  intelligence  from  the  City  of  Washing- 
ton. It  is  understood  that  the  Charter  of  the  U.  S.  Bank 
will  not  be  renewed  and  that  the  Territory  of  Orleans  will 
be  erected  into  a  State. 


170  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

We  have  certain  information  of  the  entire  overthrow 
of  the  Spanish  Authority  in  the  five  interior  Provinces  of 
Mexico.  It  is  believed  here  that  the  Revolutionists  are 
by  this  time  in  possession  of  the  City  of  Mexico. 

The  Officer  of  the  Navy  who  will  hand  you  this  letter 
is  charged  with  the  delivery  of  a  Communication  to  the 
Capt.  Genl.  of  Cuba.  It  relates  to  those  unfortunate  men 
who  were  taken  in  arms  near  the  fort  of  Mobile :  and  Mr. 
Cyrus  Sibley  who  was  not  long  since  arrested  at  Pensa- 
cola  by  order  of  Govr.  Folch,  and  sent  in  irons  to  Havana. 
Sibley  has  I  am  well  assured  committed  no  offence 
against  the  Government  of  Spain;  and  as  regards  the 
persons  taken  near  Mobile,  I  hope  it  may  comport  with 
the  policy  of  the  Spanish  Authorities,  to  direct  their  re- 
lease. Such  a  measure  would  tend  greatly  to  promote  a 
good  understanding,  between  the  Citizens  of  this  Terri- 
tory; and  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Town  and  neighbour- 
hood of  Pensncola. 

I  am  &c 

(sgd)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Commodore  Shair. 

X.  Orleans  .March  '.}.  1S11. 
Sir, 

If  the  public  service  permits,  I  pray  you  to  have  the 
goodness,  to  dispatch  immediately  an  armed  Vessel  to 
Havana,  with  instructions  to  the  Capt.  or  Officer  Com- 
manding to  deliver  in  person  the  enclosed  Idler  to  the 
Capt.  Genl.  of  Cuba;  and  to  await  his  answer.  My  letter 
to  the  Capt.  Genl.  relates  to  certain  native  Citixens,  of 
the  U.  States  now  in  confinement  at  Havana,  and  its 
early  reception  may  perhaps  be  the  means  of  restoring 
them  to  their  liberty  and  to  their  Country.  In  the  event 
that  the  Capt.  Genl.  should  direct  the  release  of  all  or  any 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        171 

of  those  unfortunate  men  (believed  to  be  ten  in  number) 
will  you  instruct  the  Capt.  or  Officer  Commanding,  to  re- 
ceive them  on  board  his  Vessel,  and  to  convey  them  to  the 
Port  of  New  Orleans. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
Comore.  Shaw  (sgd)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Govr.  Monroe 

N.  Orleans  March  4.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  am  honored  with  your  Excellency's  letter  of  the  21st 
of  January  last,  together  with  the  documents  it  enclosed. 

On  my  arrival  at  Baton  Rouge  I  was  informed  that 
two  persons  were  in  confinement  charged  with  the  mur- 
der of  Gardner  Mayes  alias  -  -  Smith;  but  being  at 
the  same  time  advised  of  some  particulars  attending  the 
killing  which  suggested  the  exercise  of  mercy,  they  were 
immediately  pardoned. 

I  am  happy  to  find  from  the  documents  your  Excel- 
lency has  transmitted  me,  that  this  act  of  mine  has  been 
so  very  correct ;  and  that  it  will  be  cause  of  satisfaction 
to  the  Governor  and  Council  of  Virginia. 

I  pray  you  Sir,  to  accept  the  assurances  of  my  great 
respect,  and  sincere  esteem. 
His  Excellency  (sgd)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Jas.  Monroe 

Gov:  of  Virginia 


To  Vincent  Gray  Esquire 

N.  Orleans  March  7.  1811 

oir. 

The  armed  Brig  bound  to  Havana  with  my  dispatches, 
being  still  detained  in  this  Port  affords  me  an  opportun- 
ity of  again  addressing  you ;  and  again  intreating  yon  to 


172  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

use  your  influence  with  the  Spanish  authorities  to  effect 
the  release  of  Hargrave  and  his  unfortunate  Companions. 
These  men  were  in  the  service  of  the  Florida  Conven- 
tion, and  acted  under  their  orders  and  authority. 

I  have  no  recent  news  from  Washington.    The  five  in- 
terior Provinces  of  Mexico,  are  certainly  in  possession  of 
the  Revolutionists;  and  the  former  Spanish  Government 
in  that  quarter  is  at  an  end. 
I  am  Sir, 
Vincent  Gray  Esqr. 

Havana  sgd       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Joseph  Carson  Esqre.1 

N.  Orleans  March  7.  1811 
Sir, 

Your  letter  of  the  lo'th  ultimo  informing  me  of  the  re- 
moval of  tjiose  unfortunate  Citizens,  taken  by  Govr. 
Folch  near  Mobile,  from  Pensacola  to  Havana  for  trial; 
and  of  the  arrest  and  imprisonment  of  Mr.  Cyrus  Sibley 
who  you  say  is  sent  to  Havana  has  been  received.  1  have 
written  to  the  Capt.  General,  of  Cuba,  demanding  the 
release  of  Sibley  an  American  Citizen;  and  entreating 
also  the  release  of  Ilargrave  and  his  Companions.  This 
communication  has  been  sent  to  Havana  in  a  national 
Vessel  dispatched  specially  for  the  purpose.  No  man 
sympathizes  more  sincerely  than  myself,  in  the  fate  of 
those  unhappy  Citizens;  and  I  sincerely  hope  that  my  in- 
tercession may  be  attended  with  success. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
Jos:  Carson  Esqre.  (sgd)        AV.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

1  For  sketch  of  Carson  see  Encyclopedia  of  Mississippi  History, 
Vol.  1,  p.  :;  7tJ. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        173 

To  William  Buford  Esqre. 

N.  Orleans  March  7.  1811. 
Sir, 

Your  letter  of  the  8th  ultimo  has  been  received.  The 
unhappy  situation  of  the  Individuals  to  whom  you  allude, 
is  to  me  cause  of  sincere  regret.  I  have  been  lately  in- 
formed of  their  removal  from  Pensacola  to  the  Havana 
for  trial ;  and  have  written  to  the  Capt.  Genl.  of  Cuba  in 
their  behalf.  With  this  communication  a  National  Vessel 
has  been  dispatched,  with  orders  to  sail  direct  for  Hav- 
ana. What  may  be  the  effect  of  my  application  I  cannot 
tell ;  but  I  indulge  a  hope  that  these  unfortunate  Citizens 
will  soon  be  restored  to  their  liberty,  Country  and  fam- 
ilies. 

I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 
William  Buford  Esquire        (sgd)    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  President  of  the  U.  States 

N.  Orleans  March  8.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  lay  before  you  a  Memorial  from 
the  Legislative  Council,  &  House  of  Representatives,  of 
the  Territory  of  Orleans,  and  to  subscribe  myself. 

With  Sentiments  &c  &c 
The  Pres:  U.  S.  (sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Secretary  of  State 

N.  Orleans  March  8.  1811. 
Sir, 

The  enclosed  No.  1  &  2  are  letters  addressed  to  me  by 
Mr.  William  Buford  and  Mr.  Joseph  Carson  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi Territory,  advising  me  of  the  arrest  at  Pensa- 


174  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

cola  of  Cyrus  Sibley  a  citizen  of  this  Territory;  and  of 
his  being  sent  in  irons  to  Havana.  From  the  represen- 
tations of  those  Gentlemen  (whose  respectabel  standing 
in  Society  entitle  them  to  credence)  I  was  impressed  with 
an  opinion,  that  Cyrus  Sibley  had  committed  no  offence, 
against  the  Government  and  Laws  of  Spain;  and  that  it 
was  my  duty  to  solicit  his  release.  I  profited  also  of  the 
opportunity  which  Sibley 's  case  afforded  me,  again  to 
recommend  to  the  clemency  of  the  Spanish  Government 
'/the  unfortunate  men  of  Kemper's  party,  who  were  taken 
in  arms  by  Govr.  Folch,  near  the  Town  of  Mobile.  They 
are  beleived  to  be  native  Americans ;  and  their  liberation 
is  an  object  of  general  solcitude.  The  enclosed  No.  3  &  4 
are  copies  of  my  letters  to  the  Capt.  Gonl.  of  Cuba;  and 
I  sincerely  hope  their  tenor  may  be  approved  by  the  Pres- 
ident. To  give  the  more  weight  to  my  intercession,  I 
thought  it  best  that  a  national  Vessel  should  be  sent  to 
the  Havana  for  the  occasion;  and  Commodore  Shaw  has 
been  pleased  to  dispatch  the  armed  Brig  Viper  Capt. 
Bainbridge. 

Several  letters  received  from  Nachitoches  confirm  the 
information  heretofore  communicated,  of  the  Revolution 
in  the  interior  provinces  of  Mexico;  and  my  correspon- 
dents further  assure  me  that,  the  persons  now  in  author- 
ity, have  removed  all  the  former  commercial  restrictions. 
How  far  such  a  state  of  things  in  the  vicinity  of  our 
western  frontier,  may  merit  the  attention  of  the  Govern- 
ment is  not  for  me  to  decide.  But  permit  me  Sir,  with 
great  deference  to  hazard  an  opinion,  that  the  V.  S.  may 
(if  they  will  it)  ensure  success  to  the  Revolutionists;  and 
obtain  in  return  all  such  benefits  commercial  and  political 
as  can  reasonably  be  desired. 

We  are  yet  uniformed  whether  the  Bill  for  the  admis- 
sion of  Orleans  into  the  Union  has  passed  into  a  Law,  or 
what  disposition  Congress  has  made  for  the  Government 
of  Florida.  The  great  uncertainty  which  exists  on  the 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       175 

latter  point  tends  to  delay  the  passing  by  the  Territorial 
Legislature  (now  in  Session)  of  several  Laws,  which  the 
interests  of  our  newly  acquired  fellow  Citizens  demand. 
The  Honbe.  I  have  the  honor  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  (signed)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec:  State. 


To  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy 

N.  Orleans  March  8.  1811. 
Sir, 

Cyrus  Sibley  a  Citizen  of  the  United  States  was  re- 
cently arrested  at  Pensacola  by  order  of  Govr.  Folch,  and 
sent  in  irons  to  Havana.  From  representations  made  me 
by  the  friends  of  Sibley,  my  impressions  are  that  he  has 
committed  no  offence,  against  the  Government  of  Laws 
of  Spain ;  and  therefore  I  deemed  it  a  duty  to  request  of 
the  Capt.  Genl.  of  Cuba  his  immediate  release.  To  give 
the  more  weight  to  my  intercessions  I  thought  it  best 
that  my  dispatches  should  be  conveyed  in  a  National  Ves- 
sel, and  committed  to  the  care  of  the  Commanding  Offi- 
cer. "\Yith  that  view  I  addressed  a  letter  to  Commodore 
Shaw  of  which  the  enclosed  is  a  Copy.  I  availed  myself 
of  the  occasion  which  Sibley 's  case  afforded  me,  to  rec- 
ommend the  unfortunate  men  of  Kempers  party,  who 
were  taken  in  arms  some  time  since  near  the  fort  of  Mo- 
bile to  the  clemency  of  the  Spanish  Government.  These 
men  are  native  Citizens  of  the  United  States  and  tlieir 
restoration  to  liberty  and  to  their  Country,  is  an  object 
of  general  solicitude. 

Commodore  Shaw  has  been  good  enough  to  comply 
with  my  request:   and   dispatched  to   the   Havana   the 
Brig  Viper  Capt.  Bainbridge. 
The  Honble.  T  am  Sir,  &c  &c 

Mr.  Hamilton  (sgd)        AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec :  Navy. 


176  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Doctor  Sibley 

N.  Orleans  March  10.  1811 
Dr.  Sir, 

I  thank  you  for  the  several  letters  you  have  adrdessed 
me,  since  my  return  to  this  City.  The  Revolution  in  the 
interior  Provinces  excites  much  solicitude.  I  sincerely 
hope  it  may  assume  a  proper  direction;  and  that  the  In- 
habitants may  soon  enjoy  all  the  blessings  of  an  inde- 
pendent and  stable  Government.  I  pray  you  to  furnish 
me  from  time  to  time,  with  such  information  as  you  may 
receive  relative  to  the  progress  and  views  of  the  Revolu- 
tionists. 

A  young  Gentleman  of  the  name  of  Cyrus  Sibley  (who 
I  understand  is  nearly  related  to  you)  has  been  arrested 
at  Pensacola  and  sent  in  irons  to  Havana.  Beleiving 
from  the  information  received,  that  Mr.  C.  Sibley  had 
committed  no  offence  against  the  Government  or  Laws  of 
Spain,  I  have  demanded  of  the  Capt.  Genl.  of  Cuba  his 
release. 

I  am  Dr.  Sir,  &c  &c 
Doctr.  Sibley.  (sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  John  C.  Carr  Esquire 

N.  Orleans  March  10.  1811 
Dr.  Sir, 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  enclose  you  a  Commission  by 
which  you  are  reappointed  Judge  of  the  Parish  of  Nachi- 
toches.  The  Oaths  of  Office  may  be  administered  to  yon 
by  Mr.  Nancarrow,  and  you  will  be  pleased  to  forward  to 
me  as  early  as  convenient,  a  bond  with  two  Surities,  in 
the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  for  the  faithful  dis- 
charge of  the  duties  of  your  office. 

I  take  this  occasion  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  the 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORISTE.  177 

several  letters  you  have  addressed  me  since  my  return 
to  the  Territory.  The  late  events  in  the  interior  of  Mexi- 
co, excite  much  solicitude.  The  Ee volution  will  I  hope 
assume  a  proper  direction;  and  the  People  soon  enjoy  the 
blessings  of  an  independent  and  stable  Government. 

I  pray  you  to  keep  me  advised  of  the  progress  and 
views  of  the  Revolutionists,  since  it  is  important  to  our 
interests,  that  on  these  points  the  Secretary  of  State  for 
the  IT.  S.  should  receive  early  and  correct  information. 

Mr.  Nancarrow  has  mentioned  to  me  that  a  work  in 
manuscript,  giving  an  interesting  account  of  the  popula- 
tion, Society,  agriculture,  manufactures  &c,  of  the  inter- 
ior provinces  is  in  your  possession.  Will  you  do  me  the 
favour  to  give  me  a  perusal  and  to  forward  it  by  the  first 
opportunity. 

I  am  Dr.  Sir  &c  &c 
J.  C.  Carr  Esqre.  (sgd)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Messrs.  Shaler  &  Gray  —  Circular 

N.  Orleans  March  11.  1811. 
Sir, 

Since  the  communication  I  had  the  honor  to  address 
you,  by  Capt.  Brainbride,  of  the  Brig  Viper  on  the  sub- 
ject of  certain  native  Americans,  in  confinement  at  Hav- 
ana Mrs.  Hargrave  the  wife  of  -  -  Hargrave  one  of 
these  unfortunate  persons,  has  arrived  in  this  City,  bring- 
ing with  her  a  petition  signed  by  a  number  of  the  Inhabi- 
tants of  the  Mississippi  Territory,  as  also  letters  from 
several  highly  respectable  Citizens  entreating  my  inter- 
ference with  the  Capt.  Genl.  of  Cuba.  The  release  of 
Hargrave  and  his  unfortunate  Companions  is  an  object 
of  general  solicitude  in  this  quarter;  and  I  must  again  en- 
treat for  them  your  best  offices.  If  the  occasion  serves 

v— 12 


178  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

you  may  state  to  the  Capt.  Genl.  that  Hargrave  and  his 
men  acted  under  the  authority  of  the  Florida  Convention ; 
and  you  may  add,  that,  of  the  several  Spanish  Officers 
that  were  taken  prisoners  by  the  Conventionalists,  there 
was  no  instance  of  any  injury  being  offered  their  persons. 
On  the  contrary  they  were  all  discharged;  and  are  now  in 
the  enjoyment  of  the  most  ample  protection  under  the 
Government  and  Laws  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans. 

I  am  the  more  solicitous  for  the  liberation  of  Har- 
grave and  his  Companions,  since  it  would  tend  to  put 
down,  all  that  ill-will  which  the  Citizens  of  Baton  Rouge, 
and  the  Settlers  on  the  Tombigbee  now  feel  towards  the 
Spanish  authorities  at  Mobile  and  Pensacola ;  and  which 
should  those  men  be  executed,  I  shall  find  great  difficulty 
in  controlling. 

Hargrave  has  always  supported  a  very  fair  character. 
He  is  said  to  have  entered  the  army  of  the  United  States 
in  the  year  76  as  as  Private  soldier;  to  have  served  with 
reputation  throughout  the  war  with  Great  Britain;  and 
to  have  risen  from  Grade  to  Grade  to  the  Rank  of  Cap- 
tain. 

Win.  Shaler  Ksqr.  T  am  Sir  &c  &c 

or  in  his  absence  (sgd)       AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Vincent  Gray  Esqr. 


Circular 
To  Messrs.  Shaler  &  Gray 

X.  Orleans  March  13.  1811 
Dr.  Sir, 

Since  my  communication  to  you  of  yesterday,  the  en- 
closed letter  has  been  placed  in  my  hands  from  Mrs.  liar- 
grave  the  wife  of  Mr.  Hargrave,  one  of  the  Persons  in 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        179 

confinement  at  Havana.    Will  you  do  me  the  favour  to 

procure  its  delivery  as  directed. 

Wm.  Shaler  Esqr.  I  am  Sir  &c  &c 

or  sgd.       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Vincent  Gray  Esqr. 


Message 

Gentlemen  of  the  Legislative  Council  and  of  the  House 

of  Representatives. 

I  have  the  honor  to  lay  before  you  the  Reports  which 
have  been  made  to  me  by  the  Judges  of  the  Parishes  of 
New  Orleans  St.  Charles  and  St.  John  Baptiste,  of  the 
loss  sustained  by  the  Inhabitants  of  said  Parishes  dur- 
ing the  late  Insurrection. 

sgd    William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
New  Orleans  March  12.  1811. 


To  the  Sec:  State 

New  Orleans  March  13. 1811. 
Sir, 

I  enclose  for  your  perusal  copies  of  a  Correspondence 
between  the  French  Consul  and  myself,  on  the  subject 
of  the  seizure  and  detention  at  this  port  of  the  French 
Corsaire  Syrene. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  (sigd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Colonel  Covington 

N.  Orleans  March  13.  1811. 
Dr.  Sir, 

Since  we  parted  at  Baton  Rouge  I  am  indebted  to  you 
for  two  very  friendly  and  interesting  Communications. 
Their  receipt  would  have  been  promptly  acknowledged, 


180  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

had  I  not  have  been  under  an  impression  from  the  mili- 
tary arrangements  directed,  that  my  letters  might  not 
have  found  you  in  the  Mississippi  Territory. 

The  harmony  and  good  will  which  existed  between 
us,  during  the  late  operations  at  Baton  Rouge,  I  shall 
always  recollect  with  pleasure;  and  I  feel  assured  that 
your  Conduct  on  that  occasion  is  entirely  approved  by 
the  President. 

General  Hampton  and  myself  did  not  entirely  agree 
as  to  my  powers,  under  the  Presidents  Proclamation; 
but  the  difference  is  on  points  which  at  present  are  not 
material,  and  has  not  interrupted  a  friendly  intercourse. 

I  can  give  you  no  certain  information  as  to  the  State 
of  our  foreign  relations.  (Jenl.  Wilkinson,  writes  from 
Washington  under  a  late  date,  that  war  with  England  is 
inevitable;  but  the  reasons  on  which  that  opinion  is  haz- 
arded, are  not  stated.  What  is  to  be  the  fate  of  that  old 
persecuted  Veteran  I  know  not.  I  have  seen  a  part  of 
his  book  it  does  credit  to  his  head  and  heart,  but  until  I 
can  peruse  the  whole  publication,  I  cannot  form  an  opin- 
ion of  its  merits  or  venture  a  conjecture,  as  to  the  effect 
it  is  likely  to  produce. 

(Jenl.  Hampton  in  all  his  conversations  with  me 
speaks  in  the  most  respectful  terms  of  you;  and  is  I  be- 
lieve disposed  to  promote  your  interest. 

T  am  Dr.  Sir,  &c 
Col:  Covincrton  W.  (.'.  C.  Claiborne 


To  tlic  French  Consul 

New  Orleans  March  14.  1811. 
Sir, 

T  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
letter  of  the  llth  Instant,  together  with  its  enclosure: 
and  to  inform  you  that  on  conversing  with  Commodore 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        181 

Shaw  the  Naval  Commander  on  this  station,  I  learn  that 
the  French  Privateer  Le  Syrene,  was  seized  under  an 
impression,  that  she  had  committed  within  the  waters  of 
the  United  States,  violations  of  their  Laws,  and  more 
particularly  of  those,  which  prohibit  the  introduction  of 
Slaves.  I  have  only  to  add  Sir,  that  the  case  of  the 
Syrene  has  been  submitted  to  the  consideration  of  the 
proper  Law-Officers  and  if  it  should  appear  there  are 
not  good  grounds  for  the  seizure,  She  will  be  immediately 
liberated. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir  &c  &c  &c 

Mr.  Poree  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

French  Consul 
N.  0. 


To  tlie  Secretary  of  the  Navy 

N.  Orleans  March  15.  1811. 
Private, 
My  dear  Sir, 

I  have  addressed  you  several  official  dispatches  and 
one  or  two  private  letters ;  but  have  not  yet  been  advised 
of  their  reception.  Your  silence  is  attributable  I  pre- 
sume to  the  mass  of  business  which  the  frequent  call  for 
information  by  Congress,  and  by  Committees  occasion 
the  Heads  of  Departments.  But  now  that  these  hon- 
orable bodies  have  retired  from  Washington,  I  hope  you 
A\7ill  find  leisure  to  favour  me  occasionally  with  a  line. 

I  have  every  reason  to  be  satisfied  with  the  conduct 
of  Commodore  Shaw;  he  evinces  a  sincere  disposition 
faithfully  and  Zealously  to  discharge  his  duty.  Of  the 
Naval  Agent  also  (Mr.  Smith)  I  continue  to  think  well. 
He  is  economical  and  in  his  arrangements  watchful  of 
the  public  interest,  and  greatly  desirous  to  put  down  all 
abuses. 


182  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

As  relates  to  your  Officers  generally  you  no  doubt 
will  receive  correct  information  from  the  Commodore. 
But  your  determination  to  make  frequent  changes  of 
them  on  this  Station  will  produce  a  good  effect.  It  will 
prevent  them  from  feeling  like  Citizens ;  and  forming 
those  partialities  and  connexions,  which  may  lead  them 
to  take  an  interest  in  the  parties  of  the  Territory. 

I  am  yet  uninformed  whether  this  Territory  is  to  be- 
come a  State.  In  expectation  of  that  event,  our  local 
parties  are  becoming  more  violent.  Clark  and  his 
friends  will  use  all  their  efforts  to  prevent  my  having 
any  Agency  in  managing  the  affairs  of  the  State ;  and  in 
this  object  he  will  meet  all  the  support,  which  a  third 
party  formed  under  the  auspices  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Territory  can  give.  But  I  am  accustomed  to  opposition 
and  never  shrink  from  it,  and  in  proportion  to  the  activ- 
ity and  violence  of  my  opponents  will  be  my  exertions 
to  rise  superior  to  all  their  machinations.  What  has 
so  much  indisposed  Mr.  Robertson  to  my  prosperity  in 
life,  he  can  best  tell.  I  am  not  sensible  of  having  either 
attempted  or  done  ought  to  his  injury;  but  if  in  my 
power  to  prevent  it  he  shall  never  rise  on  my  own  ruin, 
or  that  of  any  of  my  friends. 

If  this  is  destined  to  be  shortly  a  State,  the  public 
interest  and  my  own  honor  will  not  admit  of  my  absence. 
If  otherwise  I  will  endeavour  to  visit  Washington  during 
the  ensuing  Summer.  I  have  many  reasons  to  induce 
me  to  that  visit. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Dr.  Sir,  &o  &c 

Mr.  Hamilton  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborn«» 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        183 

To  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy 

N.  Orleans  March  17.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  had  the  honor  to  receive  on  yesterday,  your  letter 
of  the  29  of  January  enclosing  a  Copy  of  an  ordered  is- 
sued on  that  day. 

I  see  in  that  order  a  proof  of  confidence  which  Sir,  I 
beg  you  to  beleive,  shall  always  be  a  favorite  object  of 
my  heart  to  deserve.  Of  the  duties  assigned  General 
Matthews  I  am  not  advised ;  but  it  is  sufficient  for  me  to 
know,  that  he  is  employed  in  the  public  Service,  to  ensure 
him  all  the  support  in  my  power  to  afford.  Your  Com- 
munication of  the  29th  of  January  is  the  only  official  dis- 
patch which  has  reached  me  from  Washington  since  the 
10th  of  January.  I  wish  it  may  not  appear  that  official 
dispatches  to  and  from  me,  have  been  intercepted. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 

Secretary  of  the  Navy.          (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Secretary  of  State 

N.  Orleans  March  18.  1811. 
Dr.  Sir, 

The  enclosed  letter  from  Mr.  Duralde  who  was  re- 
cently named  by  the  President  of  the  U.  States,  marshal 
of  the  District  of  Orleans,  will  advise  you  of  his  declin- 
ing to  accept  that  appointment.  Mr.  Duralde  in  a  pri- 
vate letter  to  me  assignes  as  the  principal  cause,  the  de- 
clining state  of  Health  in  which  he  finds  himself,  arising 
from  a  breast  complaint. 

I  had  wished  the  office  of  Marshal  to  be  filled  by  some 
native  Louisianian  but  so  great  is  the  dread  of  this  good 
People  of  Courts  and  Lawyers,  that  they  seem  unwilling 
to  come  within  their  vortex,  even  in  character  as  Officers. 

I  had  hoped  that  Doctor  Upshaw  formerly  of  Vir- 


184  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

ginia,  a  man  of  Sense,  firmness  and  integrity,  and  a  firm 
supporter  of  the  Government,  would  have  consented  to 
serve  as  marshal;  and  if  so  I  should  have  taken  much 
pleasure  in  recommending  him;  But  he  informs  me  to 
day,  that  the  Office  does  not  at  all  correspond  with  his 
views  of  life.  There  is  however  among  the  former  ap- 
plicants for  the  appointment  of  Marshal  one  who  in  my 
opinion  merits  the  confidence  of  the  Government.  Mr. 
Peter  L.  B.  Duplessis  is  the  Gentleman  I  allude  to.  He 
is  a  native  of  Philadelphia;  but  has  resided  in  this  City 
since  the  Month  of  December  1803;  he  is  married  to  a 
Creole  of  the  Country,  and  the  father  of  four  Sons.  Mr. 
Duplessis  is  himself  the  Son  of  a  frenchman,  and  speaks 
and  writes  English  and  French  alike  well.  He  is  a  man 
of  business  and  his  conduct  has  been  such,  as  to  secure 
him  the  best  wishes  of  those  who  best  know  him.  By  the 
friends  of  the  Administration  in  this  City  the  appoint- 
ment of  Mr.  Duplessis  seems  to  be  greatly  desired;  and 
my  opinion  is  that  reliance  may  be  placed  in  his  integ- 
rity, prudence1  and  fidelity  to  the  Government. 

Some  doubts  T  learn  are  entertained  by  the  District 
Judge  (Mr.  Hall)  whether  Mr.  Fortier  can  longer  act  as 
Marshal  and  it  is  probable  that  no  business  will  be  trans- 
acted by  the  District  Court,  until  another  Marshal  is 
named.  This  circumstance  induces  me  to  regret  the 
more  the  non-acceptance  of  Mr.  Duralde:  but  T  hope  a 
new  appointment  may  be  made  in  time  to  prevent  the 
public  Service  from  receiving  any  serious  injury. 
The  Ilonble.  I  am  Dr. ' Sir  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  (sgd)     AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Secretarv  of  State. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        185 

To  Fortesque  Coming  Esqre. 

New  Orleans  March  18.  1811. 
Sir, 

Your  choice  of  Springfield  for  your  place  of  residence 
meets  my  approbation.  It  is  very  probable  you  will 
have  some  difficulties  to  encounter,  but  a  just  an  firm 
discharge  of  your  duties  united  to  a  conciliatory  deport- 
ment, cannot  fail  in  the  end  to  ensure  respect  for  the 
Laws,  and  regard  for  your  person. 

The  report  of  the  redelivery  of  the  District  to  Spain 
is  without  foundation.     With  bad  men  it  has  originated ; 
and  none  but  the  ignorant  can  give  it  credence. 
I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 

(sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
Fortesque  Coming  Esqre. 


Message 

Gentlemen  of  the  Legislative  Council  and  of  the  House 
of  Representatives. 

I  now  lay  before  you  the  Petition  of  Robert  R.  Liv- 
ingston and  of  Robert  Fulton  two  distinguished  Citizens 
of  the  United  States  praying  you  "to  grant  them  the  ex- 
clusive right  to  navigate  the  Waters  of  this  Territory, 
with  boats  moved  by  steam  of  fire",  on  certain  condi- 
tions. Of  the  power  of  the  Legislature  to  conform  to 
the  prayer  of  the  petitioners  I  have  no  doubt;  but  as  to 
the  expediency  of  doing  so,  you  Gentlemen,  can  best  de- 
termine. During  my  Journey  through  the  Middle  and 
Northern  States,  the  past  Summer,  I  noticed  with  great 
pleasure  this  new  and  useful  mode  of  improving  the  navi- 
gation of  our  Rivers;  and  I  feel  confident  that  the  intro- 
duction of  Steam  boats  on  the  Mississippi  and  its  waters, 


186  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

would  greatly  conduce  to  the  convenience  and  welfare  of 
the  Inhabitants  of  this  Territory. 
N.  Orleans  (sgd)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

March  19.  1811 


To  Messrs.  Bartlet  &  Cox 

New  Orleans  March  21.  1811. 
Gentlemen, 

The  complaint,  which  under  the  impression  you  en- 
tertained, you  had  properly  exhibited,  on  the  15th  Inst. 
against  the  Inspector  of  flour,  was  referred  to  three  very 
respectable  Officers  of  the  Territorial  Government,  with 
a  request  that  they  would  hear  the  explanations  of  the 
Inspector,  and  report  the  same  to  me,  together  with  their 
opinion  thereon.  The  report  was  received  on  yesterday, 
&  concludes  with  an  opinion,  "that  the  Inspector  has  not 
been  guilty  of  fraud,  that  he  has  merely  followed  the 
letter  of  the  Law,  and  in  doing  so  there  lias  been  nothing 
improper". 

I  am  Gentlemen  &c  &e. 
Messrs.  Bartlet  £  Cox  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Mr.  John  Poultney 

New  Orleans  March  21.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  have  received  your  note  of  the  19th  hist,  together 
with  its  enclosure.  There  is  one  item  in  the  account  of 
Mr.  Montgomery  which  is  inadmissible.  1  mean  the  one 
for  wine  and  there  will  be  some  objection  to  the  charge 
for  cheese  in  the  bill  of  Mr.  Packwood.  These  articles 
form  no  part  of  the  Rations  allowed  Militia  whilst  in 
actual  service;  and  I  do  not  recollect  to  have  authorised 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        187 

the  purchase.  The  other  items  are  property  chargeable 
to  the  public;  and  will  be  paid  so  soon  as  public  funds 
to  meet  them  shall  be  placed  at  my  command ;  and  which 
I  calculate  on  in  the  course  of  15  days. 

I  am  sorry  that  any  expence  (incurred  during  the 
late  Insurrection)  with  a  view  to  the  public  Service 
should  fall  on  you  individually.  Perhaps  if  you  were 
to  call  on  me  at  my  own  house  such  explanations  might 
be  given  as  may  enable  me  to  meet  the  two  exceptionable 
items.  You  are  aware  (I  presume)  of  the  great  strict- 
ness observed  in  the  settlement  of  accounts  at  the  War 
Dept.  and  that  no  payments  of  mine  will  pass  to  my 
credit,  but  such  as  the  proper  accounting  Officer  shall 
deem  correct. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 

Jno.  Poultney  Esqr.  sgd     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

P.  S.  The  account  of  Mr.  Packwood,  &  Mr.  Montgom- 
ery's note  to  you  are  herewith  enclosed. 


To  the  Secretary  of  State 

New  Orleans  March  22.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  learn  that  some  of  the  Inhabitants  of  St.  Francis- 
ville  in  Feliciana  have  lately  conducted  themselves,  very 
improperly  and  that  among  other  acts  of  great  indiscre- 
tion, they  had  reared  the  Florida  flag.  It  however  was 
soon  taken  down  (without  producing  any  serious  com- 
motion) by  the  orders  of  Genl.  Hampton;  and  the  Pa- 
vilion of  the  U.  States  again  displayed.  The  people  of 
Feliciana  are  greatly  dissatisfied  at  the  proposition  made 
in  Congress  to  seperate  them  from  the  Territory  of 
Orleans.1  It  occasions  many  good  Citizens  to  believe 
that  their  political  destiny  is  yet  uncertain ;  and  the  base 

1  The  plan  to  annex  them  to  the  Mississippi  Territory. 


188  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

and  designing  are  incessant  in  their  efforts  to  promote 
discontent. 

Some  of  the  Inhabitants  of  Pascagoula  (as  I  informed 
you  in  a  former  letter)  continue  to  complain  of  the  in- 
juries they  received  from  certain  individuals,  acting 
under  the  authority  of  the  Florida  Convention.  A  man 
of  the  name  of  Duprie  still  has  in  his  possession  much 
property  which  has  been  forcibly  taken  from  the  unof- 
fending Inhabitants  of  Pascagoula,  and  has  retired  with 
it  to  the  Settlement  on  Tombigbee,  in  the  Mississippi 
Territory.  I  have  advised  the  principal  sufferer  to  pur- 
sue Duprie  and  to  resort  to  Judicial  authority,  for  the 
recovery  of  the  property.  But  he  is  not  inclined  to  do 
so. 

We  have  as  yet  no  certain  information  of  the  passage 
of  the  Law,  erecting  the  Territory  of  Orleans  into  a 
State.  At  the  date  of  my  last  accounts  from  Natchez,  it 
was  there  understood  that,  the  Revolutionists  maintained 
their  Authority  in  the  interior  Provinces  of  Mexico. 
Xo  Dispatches  from  the  Department  of  State1  has  been 
received  by  me,  since  early  in  the  month  of  January. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec :  State. 


To  the  Officer  Command  ing  the  Fort  St.  Philip  at 
Plaquimene 

N.  Orleans  March  23.  1811. 
Sir, 

You   will    permit   the   Spanish   armed   Vessel   "The 
Prosperine"  Capt.  Garcia,  to  pass  the  fort. 
The  Officer  I  am  Sir  &c, 

Comg.  Fort  St.  Philip.  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Plaquimene. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        189 


New  Orleans  March  23. 1811. 

Sir, 

Mr.  Samuel  Cornell  who  is  interested  in  a  Vessel  un- 
der Seizure  at  Pensacola  having  solicited  me  to  state  to 
your  Excellency,  his  Character  and  course  in  life  -  -  I 
beg  leave  to  observe  that  Mr.  Cornell  is  a  native  Citizen 
of  the  U.  States,  a  Merchant  of  respectable  standing  in 
this  City  and  possesses  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  his 
fellow  Citizens. 

I  tender  to  your  Excellency  the  assurances  of  my  re- 
spect and  Esteem. 

His  Excellency  (sgd)     AV.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Govr.  Folch 

Pensacola 


To  Colonel  Wikoff 

N.  Orleans  March  26.  1811 
My  dear  Sir, 

The  Legislature  has  a  good  Militia  Law  under  consid- 
eration. I  hope  to  God  it  may  pass,  and  in  that  event  you 
will  be  enabled  to  enforce  your  orders,  and  to  make  your 
Command  respectable. 

I  am  yet  uninformed  officially  as  to  the  admission  of 
this  Territory  into  the  Union,  but  I  have  no  doubt  of  the 
fact  and  that  the  people  will  soon  be  called  upon  to  name 
a  convention  to  form  a  Constitution.  What  provision  is 
made  for  the  Government  of  Florida,  I  know  not,  I  fool 
much  mortified  at  the  idea  of  its  being  seporatod  from  the 
Orleans  Territory.  But  on  this  subjcet  I  r'aimot  dwell, 
since  my  duty  does  not  permit  mo  to  censure  any  of  the 
Acts  of  the  Government. 

I  hope  my  dear  Sir,  you  will  always  consider  the  cor- 


190  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

respondence  between  us,  during  my  stay  at  the  City  of 
Washington  as  confidential.  There  are  persons  who 
would  gladly  learn  the  whole  contents  of  my  letters  to 
you  in  order  to  use  them  to  my  injury,  and  to  that  of  the 
Government;  and  it  is  not  impossible  but  that  such  per- 
sons may  labour  to  approach  you. 

I  have  seen  the  second  volume  of  Genl.  Wilkinson's 
Memoir's.  It  is  well  written  and  will  unquestionably 
make  a  deep  impression.  I  hope  and  beleive  the  old  vet- 
eran will  ultimately  do  well. 

Present  my  best  respects  to  Mrs.  Wikoff  and  beleive 
me  to  be  &c  &c 
Col:  Wikoff  (sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Major  Carmick 

New  Orleans  March  26.  1811. 
Sir, 

Will  you  be  good  enough  to  inform  mo  of  the  strength 
of  the  Corps  of  Marines  under  your  Command  --  stating 
the  number  now  at  New  Orleans ;  and  of  those  attached 
to  the  several  armed  Vessels  on  this  Station. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
Ma  jr.  Carmick  sgd.        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Secretary  of  State 

New  Orleans  March  26.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  a  Spanish  Manuscript, 
which  purports  to  be  a  sketch  present  by  Baron  de  Hum- 
boldt  in  the  Year  1804,  to  the  then  Viceroy  of  New  Spain 
and  contains  a  brief  of  the  Barons  observations  made  in 
the  Year  1803,  with  respect  to  the  extent,  population,  ag- 
riculture, manufactures,  trade,  mines,  and  military  force 
of  the  Kingdom  of  Xew  Spain.  I  have  understood  that 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  191 

the  travels  of  Baron  de  Humboldt  have  been  published  in 
Europe;  and  it  may  be  that  the  subject  of  the  manu- 
script has  been  treated  on  more  at  large :  But  if  the  Ba- 
rons travels  in  New  Spain  are  not  yet  in  print  or  should 
not  have  reached  you,  the  manuscript  will  present  useful 
information  relative  to  that  interesting  Country,  which 
with  the  advantages  of  a  free  Government,  and  free 
trade,  cannot  fail  to  become  an  agreeable  neighbour  to 
the  IT.  States.  These  advantages  the  Creoles  of  New 
Spain  are  making  great,  efforts  to  secure  for  themselves 
and  posterity ;  and  I  sincerely  wish  them  success. 

Mrs.  Hargrave  the  wife  of  one  of  the  unfortunate 
men,  taken  near  Mobile  &  sent  by  Govr.  Folch  to  Havana 
for  trial  reached  this  place  a  few  days  since  bringing 
with  here  several  letters  and  a  petition  signed  by  many 
of  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Mississippi  Territory,  entreat- 
ing me  to  intercede  with  the  Capt.  General  of  Cuba,  for 
the  release  of  Hargrave  and  his  Companions.  I  indulge 
a  hope  that  my  letters  to  the  Capt.  Genl.  forwarded  by 
the  Viper  and  of  which  Copies  were  sent  on,  may  pro- 
duce the  desired  effect.  But  if  unfortunately  these  men 
should  be  executed,  it  will  be  difficult  to  prevent  their 
friends  on  the  Tombigbee  from  committing  some  act  of 
outrage,  against  the  Inhabitants  of  Mobile  or  Pensacola. 

It  was  reported  here  yesterday  that  some  english 
Troops  were  daily  expected  at  Pensacola;  and  that  the 
English  flag  had  been  raised  at  Mobile.  The  Eeport 
however  wants  confirmation  and  is  not  believed.  Should 
any  foreign  flag  other  than  Spanish,  be  raised  at  Mobile, 
I  shall  consider  it  my  duty,  (in  conformity  to  the  Spirit 
of  my  orders,  of  the  27  October,  and  with  a  view  to  the 
safety  of  the  Territory  committed  to  my  care)  to  direct 
that  immediate  possession  be  taken  of  the  Fort  of  Mobile. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  (sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Secretary  of  State 


192  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Robert  R.  Livingston  Esqre. 

New  Orleans  March  26.  1811. 
Dr.  Sir, 

On  the  19th  inst.  I  had  the  honor  to  transmit  to  the 
Legislature  of  this  Territory,  the  Petition  signed  by  you 
and  Mr.  Fulton,  accompanied  with  a  message  of  which 
the  enclosed  is  a  Copy.  The  subject  was  in  the  House 
of  Representatives  referred 'to  a  select  Committee,  who 
have  this  day  (I  undertsand)  reported  favorably. 

I  feel  desirous  that  the  exclusive  privilege  solicited 
may  be  granted  by  Law,  since  I  am  convinced  that  the  in- 
troduction of  Steam  boats  on  the  Mississippi  and  its 
waters  will  conduce  greatly  to  the  convenience  of  the 
whole  western  Country. 

Accept  Dr.  Sir  the  assurances  of  my  respect  and  es- 
teem. 

The  Honble.  William  C.  C.  Claiborno 

Robert  R.  Livingston 


To  tlie  Secretary  of  tlie  Navy. 

Now  Orleans  March  27.  1811. 
Sir: 

It  being  reported  on  yesterday,  that  an  English  force 
was  momently  expected  at  Pensacola;  and  the  English 
Flag  was  displayed  at  Mobile,  I  requested  Comoro.  Shaw 
to  be  in  readiness  to  move  with  every  armed  Vessel  under 
his  Command.  But  the  report  turns  out  to  be  erroneous 
-  had  it  proved  correct  I  should  have  esteemed  it  my 
duty  (in  conformity  to  the  Spirit  of  my  instructions,  and 
with  a  view  to  the  safety  of  the  Territory  committed  to 
my  care)  to  direct  immediate  possession  to  be  taken  of 
the  Fort  of  Mobile. 

I  have  no  advice  from  the  Brig  Viper  since  her  depar- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  193 

ture  for  the  Havana.  I  hope  my  intercession  with  the 
Capt.  Genl.  of  Cuba,  in  behalf  of  the  Persons  taken  by 
Govr.  Folch,  near  Mobile  may  be  attended  with  success. 
These  unfortunate  men  (eleven  in  number)  are  native 
Citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  that  consideration 
alone,  would  make  their  release  from  confinement,  an  ob- 
ject dear  to  my  heart. 
The  Honble.  I  have  the  honor  &c  &c 

Mr.  Hamilton  (sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Judge  Lislet 

New  Orleans  March  28.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  a  commission  by 
which  you  are  reappointed  Judge  of  the  Parish  of  New 
Orleans,  and  to  subscribe  myself 

&C&C 

Judge  Moreau  Lislet.  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Colonel  Henry  Hopkins 

New  Orleans  March  28.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  now  enclose  you  a  list  of  the  Gentlemen  recommend- 
ed as  Captain  and  subalterns,  in  the  15.  Regiment  of  In- 
fantry, and  to  whom  you  will  present  Commissions,  un- 
less on  enquiry  you  shall  find,  any  of  their  characters  to 
be  such  as  to  render  them  unworthy  of  public  confidence. 

Your  presence  on  public  Service  being  necessary  in 
this  City,  you  will  be  pleased  on  the  receipt  of  this  letter 
to  repair  hither  halting  at  Baton  Rouge,  no  longer  than 

v— is 


194  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

is  absolutely  necessary,  to  distribute  the  Commissions  to 
the  Captains  and  Subalterns  of  the  15.  Regiment. 

The  Legislature  will  I  hope  give  us  a  good  Militia 
Law,  the  Office  of  Adjutant  General  will  be  preserved, 
and  with  its  present  emoluments. 
I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
Col :  H.  Hopkins  (sigd)       AV.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Judges  St.  Martin,  Cantrelle  and  Hubbart 

N.  Orleans  March  28.  1811 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  enclose  you  a  Commission,  by 
which  you  are  reappointed  Judge  of  the  Parish  of— 
and  to  subscribe  myself, 

With  great  respect  £c  &c 

(sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

P.  S.  It  will  be  necessary  before  you  enter  upon  the 
functions  of  your  Office  under  the  New  Commission;  to 
enter  into  a  bond  to  the  Governor  with  two  Surities,  in 
the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  conditioned  for  the 
faithful  discharge  of  your  duties.  Any  two  free,  holders 
who  are  inhabitants  of  the  Territory,  will  be  satisfactory 
surities. 


To  Judge  King 

New  Orleans  March  28.  1811. 
Dr.  Sir, 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  enclose  you  a  Commission  by 
which  you  are  reappointed,  Judge  of  the  Parish  of  Opel- 
ousas.  It  will  be  necessary  that  yon  enter  into  a  new 
bond,  in  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  with  two  Suri- 
ties, conditioned  for  the  faithful  performance  of  your  du- 
ties ;  and  that  you  transmit  the  bond  as  soon  as  conveni- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        195 

ent  to  my  Office.     Any  two  freeholders,  who  are  Inhabi- 
tants of  the  Territory,  will  be  satisfactory  Surities. 

I  am  not  yet  officially  advised  of  the  erection  of  this 
Territory  into  a  State,  but  I  have  no  doubt  but  that  a 
Law  to  that  effect  has  passed ;  and  that  the  Citizens  will 
soon  be  called  on  to  elect  a  convention;  for  the  purpose 
of  forming  a  Constitution.  In  that  event  I  shall  be  happy 
to  see  you  a  member  of  that  Convention,  since  I  am  as- 
sured of  your  love  of  Country;  and  attachment  to  cor- 
rect principles. 

The  Territorial  Legislature  has  now  under  considera- 
tion, a  Militia  Law,  which  if  adopted  will  enable  you,  to 
cause  your  orders  to  be  obeyed,  and  to  render  your  Com- 
mand respectable. 

Present  my  respects  to  your  Lady  and  believe  me  to 
be  &c  &c 
Judge  King  sgd      William  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  William  Lindsey  Esqre. 
Sir  New  Orleans  March  28.  1811. 

The  Legislature  of  this  Territory  have  passed  a  Law 
(of  which  the  enclosed  is  a  Copy)  dividing  Concordia 
into  two  Parishes ;  and  being  desirous  to  avail  the  public 
of  your  Services  as  Judge  of  the  New  Parish  (Warren) 
I  have  the  honor  to  forward  you  your  Commission. 

In  the  event  of  your  acceptance  you  will  be  pleased  to 
repair  without  delay  to  Judge  Lattimore,  who  will  ad- 
minister to  you  the  oaths  of  Office;  and  will  also  (I  am 
sure)  on  application  permit  you  the  use  of  the  Civil 
Code;  and  other  Laws  of  the  Territory,  until  I  can  have 
an  opportunity  to  transmit  to  your  Parish  Copies  of  the 
Laws.  It  will  be  necessary  also  previous  to  your  enter- 
ing on  the  functions  of  your  Office,  that  you  sign  a  bond 
with  two  surities  for  the  faithful  dischai'ge  of  your  duty. 
The  form  of  the  bond  is  enclosed.  Anv  two  freeholders 


196  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

who  are  inhabitants  of  Concordia  will  be  received  as 
your  Surities  and  when  the  signatures  of  such  are  ob- 
tained, you  will  transmit  the  bond  under  cover  to  me. 

I  will  thank  you  to  recommend  a  suitable  person  as 
Sheriff  of  Warren;  and  also  to  give  me  names  of  such 
Citizens  as  are  best  calculated  to  act  as  Justices  of  the 
Peace.  Will  you  be  pleased  to  add  to  what  places  my 
Communications  to  your  Parish,  had  best  directed. 

I  am  Sir  &c 
William  Lindsey  Esqre.  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Colonel  Danl.  Burnet 

N.  Orleans  March  28.  1811 
Dr.  Sir, 

I  thank  you  for  the  letter  you  wrote  me  under  date  of 
the  —  ultimo.  The  Legislature  of  the  Territory  have  di- 
vided Concordia  into  two  Parishes ;  and  I  have  appointed 
Mr.  William  Lindsey  Judge  of  the  New  Parish  which  is 
called  Warren.  Mr.  Lindsey 's  Commission  is  contained 
in  the  enclosed  packet,  wrhich  I  take  the  liberty  to  commit 
to  your  care,  and  must  ask  the  favour  of  you  to  forward 
it  to  him  with  all  convenient  dispatch. 
Colonel  Daniel  Burnet  I  am  Dr.  Sir,  &c  &c 

Mi.  Territory  sgd        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Major  Milton 

N.  Orleans  March  28.  1811 
Dr.  Sir, 

It  is  not  yet  determined,  whether  the  United  States, 
or  the  Territory  will  meet  the  expences  attending  the  Mi- 
litia ordered  on  duty,  during  the  late  insurrection.  In 
either  case  I  will  endeavour  to  secure  you  payment  for 
the  Horse. 

I  am  Dr.  Sir  &c  &c 
Major  Milton  (sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        197 

To  Judge  Steele 

N.  Orleans  March  28.  1811 
Sir, 

Your  Surities  are  satisfactory,  and  I  learn  with 
pleasure,  that  you  had  entered  on  the  duties  of  your  Of- 
fice. 

A  Bill  has  passed  the  two  houses  of  the  Legislature 
forming  the  County  of  Feliciana  into  a  seperate  superior 
Court  District;  and  directing  the  Session  of  the  Court 
to  be  holden  at  St.  Francisville 

I  am  &c 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  P.  Grymes  Esqre. 

New  Orelans  March  29.  1811. 
Sir, 

The  enclosed  letters  which  have  been  addressed  to  me 
by  Mr.  Fagot  &  Mr.  Boisquivais  are  submitted  for  yonr 
perusal.  You  may  attach  entire  credit  to  their  contents 
—  the  integrity  of  these  Gentlemen  is  well  established. 

How  far  it  may  be  expedient  to  grant  to  the  purchaser 
of  the  land  at  Terre  aux  Buf,  in  which  Brown  had  an  in- 
terest, a  longer  term  for  the  payment,  is  with  you  to  de- 
cide. But  I  feel  convinced  that  the  security  offered  by 
the  purchaser  is  amply  and  sufficient,  to  ensure  against 
ultimate  Loss.  I  learn  that  Messrs.  Morgan,  Donaldson 
and  Girod  (the  other  parties  interested)  meet  on  this 
morning  at  the  House  of  Mr.  Girod,  for  the  purpose  of 
receiveing  the  proposals,  of  the  purchasers —  perhaps 
you  had  better  attend  this  meeting. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
P.  Grymes  Esqre.  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


198  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  William  Lindsey  Esqre. 

N.  Orleans  March  29.  1811. 
Sir, 

The  Legislature  of  this  Territory,  having  erected  the 
Tract  of  Country  above  the  line  of  Concordia,  and  below 
the  thirty  third  degree  of  Latitude  into  a  Parish,  by  the 
name  of  Warren,  I  have  appointed  you  Judge  of  said 
Parish ;  and  enclosed  your  Commission  with  other  docu- 
ments, under  cover  to  Col:  Burnett  of  the  Grind  Stone 
ford  in  the  Miss:  Territory.  I  fear  my  dispatches  to 
your  parish  will  be  subject  to  much  delay,  and  may  oc- 
casionally be  lost.  I  have  supposed  that  Gipson  Post 
was  the  nearest  Post  Town,  to  the  Parish  Warren,  and 
to  that  place  I  have  though  it  best  to  direct  this  Com- 
munication. 

I  am  Sir 
W.  Lindsey  Esqre.  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


By  William  Charles  Cole  Claiborne  Governor  of  the  Ter- 
itory  of  Orleans. 

To  all  who  shall  see  these  presents  and  more  particu- 
larly, to  the  Sheriff  of  the  first  superior  Court  District. 

Whereas  a  negroe  man  named  Theodore  the  property 
of  Achilles  Truard  Escjre.  of  the  Parish  of  St.  John 
Baptiste  was  lately  convicted,  before  the  Judge  of  the 
Parish  of  Xew  Orleans  and  a  Jury  duly  and  legally  con- 
vened of  the  crime  of  Insurrection,  and  was  thereupon 
sentenced  to  death.  And  whereas  at  the  moment  of  the 
arrest  of  the  said  Theodore  he  was  induced  to  make  a 
frank  and  ful  confession,  under  promises  of  Pardon 
made  him  by  three  highly  respectable  Citi/ens  of  this 
Territory.  And  whereas  Achilles  Truard  Esqr.  the  Mas- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  199 

ter  of  the  negroe  man  Theodore  represents  him  to  have 
been  heretofore  of  fair  character,  and  a  most  faithful 
Domestic.  Now  therefore  be  it  known  that  for  the  above 
and  other  good  causes,  I  have  considered  the  aforesaid 
Negroe  man  Theodore  a  fit  object  of  mercy;  and  that  I 
do  hereby  pardon  the  offence  of  which  he  has  been  con- 
victed as  aforesaid,  on  condition  that  he  receive  thirty 
Lashes  on  this  bare  back,  that  he  return  to  the  Service  of 
his  master,  and  shall  not  be  Absent  from  his  said  Mas- 
ters farm,  for  the  term  of  two  Years  from  the  date  here- 
of. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  the  Seal  of  the  Territory 
at  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  this  first  day  of  April  in  the 
Year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eleven 
and  in  the  35th  year  of  the  Independence  of  the  United 
States  of  America. 
L.  S.  (sgd)  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Secretary  of  State 

New  Orleans  April  2.  1811. 
Sir, 

Enclosed  is  a  letter  I  have  this  moment  received  from 
Govr.  Folch,  informing  me  that  for  the  future,  Troops 
of  the  L^nited  States,  will  not  be  permitted  to  pass  under 
any  pretext,  without  the  express  orders  of  the  Capt. 
Genl.  of  Cuba.  I  am  not  advised  of  the  quarter  to  which 
this  restriction  is  to  apply,  but  I  take  it  for  granted  that 
the  fort  of  Mobile  and  the  Waters  of  Mobile  are  referred 
to. 

A  letter  from  a  friend  of  mine  at  Fort  Stoddard  un- 
der date  of  the  25.  Ultimo  announces  the  arrival  at  that 
place  of  Genl.  Mathews  and  Col:  Mclvee.  My  friend 
adds  "these  Gentlemen  are  clothed  with  important 
powers,  from  our  Executive  Government,  and  have 


200  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL,    ARCHIVES. 

opened  a  correspondence  with  Govr.  Folch,  but  so  little 
has  yet  transpired,  that  we  have,  not  sufficient  ground 
upon  which  to  form  an  opinion  as  to  the  probable  result 
of  their  mission.  I  rather  think  that  a  part  of  your  Gov- 
ernment may  be  embraced  in  some  way  or  other,  in  the 
contemplated  mutations  and  alterations".  Such  is  all 
the  information  I  have  as  to  the  object  and  progress  of 
this  negotiation. 

The  Session  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  is  con- 
tinued in  expectation  of  daily  receiving  a  Copy  of  the 
Law  erecting  the  Territory  of  Orleans  into  a  State ;  but 
on  this  subject  I  have  no  official  information ;  and  indeed 
not  a  line  from  the  Department  of  State  has  reached  me 
of  a  date  later  than  the  fifteenth  of  November  1810. 
The  Honble.  I  have  the  honor  to  be  &c 

Mr.  Smith  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec:  State. 


To  Genl.  Hampton 

April  3.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  have  received  a  letter  from  Govr.  Folch,  under 
date  of  the  22.  of  March  advising  me,  "that  for  the  future 
no  Troops  of  the  United  States  will  be  permitted  to  pass 
under  any  pretext,  without  the  express  orders  of  the 
Capt.  Genl.  of  Cuba".  It  is  not  stated  in  what  quarter 
this  restriction  is  to  operate,  but  I  take  it  for  granted 
that  the  Fort  of  Mobile,  and  the  waters  of  Mobile  are 
referred  to. 

Will  you  be  good  onought  to  inform  me,  whether  any 
report  has  been  made  to  you,  by  the  Officer  who  under 
your  orders  conveyed  dispatches  from  me  to  the  Parish 
of  Pascagoula.  Late  accounts  represent  that  Duprie's 
party  continued  to  violate  with  impunity,  the  rights  of 
the  good  Citizens  of  that  Parish,  and  that  the  Civil 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        201 

Authority,  was  not  enabled  to  maintain  good  order.  If 
the  public  Service  permits,  I  wish  you  would  order  a 
subaltern  Officer,  and  twenty  five  men,  to  occupy  some 
point  at  or  near  the  Mouth  of  Pascagoula  Eiver. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  &c. 
Genl.  Wade  Hampton.  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Lady  Abbess  of  the  Ursuline  Convent. 

N.  Orleans  April  4.  1811. 
Holy  Sister, 

I  am  honored  with  the  interesting  letter  which  you 
addressed  me  under  date  of  the  21st  of  March  last,  stat- 
ing the  ascession  to  your  Community,  of  the  Nuns  re- 
cently arrived  from  france,  the  extended  plan  of  Educa- 
tion you  have  adopted,  the  encreased  number  of  young 
Ladies  under  your  charge,  the  necessity  enlarging  the 
buildings,  for  their  accommodation,  and  expressing  a 
wish  to  obtain  from  the  Government  of  the  United 
States,  by  purchase  or  otherwise  the  public  Hospital  ad- 
joining the  Convent.  I  beg  you  to  be  assured  Holy  Sister 
of  the  interest  I  take  in  whatever  may  contribute  to  the 
welfare  of  the  Institution  committed  to  your  care;  and 
that  I  will  with  great  pleasure  recommend  your  applica- 
tion to  the  favorable  consideration  of  my  Government. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be  &c 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy 

New  Orleans  April  4.  1811. 
Sir, 

The  Naval  Commander  on  this  Station  Comoro,  Shaw, 
will  no  doubt  advise  you  of  an  Ordinance  of  tho  City 
Council,  which  directs  the  removal  of  the  public  Ship- 
yard, on  or  before  the  first  day  of  August  next.  It  did 


202  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

not  seem  to  me  necessary  to  raise  the  question  how  far 
the  Council  have  authority  to  direct  such  removal  —  this 
question  is  here  in  some  measure  one  of  party;  and  there 
are  Individuals  engaged  in  contests  with  the  Corpora- 
tion, whose  views  will  be  promoted,  if  the  Ordinance  in 
question  should  be  considered  as  invalid.  In  my  inter- 
position therefore  with  the  Mayor  and  Council,  I  have 
only  touched  upon  the  inexpediency  of  the  order,  and 
expressed  my  entire  confidence  in  their  disposition  to 
extend  to  the  Navy  on  this  Station  every  necessary  ac- 
commodation, as  will  appear  from  the  enclosed  letters 
No.  1  &  2.  I  feel  certain  that  the  business  will  be  satis- 
factorily arranged. 

Govr.  Folch  has  notified  me  by  letter  under  day  of 
the  22  March,  that  Troops  of  the  U.  S.  will  not  for  the 
future  be  permitted  to  pass  Mobile  without  the  express 
orders  of  the  Capt.  Genl.  of  Cuba. 

The  Revolutionists  continue  to  maintain  their  ground 
in  the  Interior  provinces  of  Mexico,  and  to  evidence  a 
friendly  disposition,  towards  the  Citizens  of  the  IT.  S. 
How  far  it  may  comport  with  a  prudent  policy  on  the 
part  of  the  administration  to  cherish  that  disposition,  is 
not  for  me  to  determine. 

We  are  all  tranquil  in  this  quarter  and  anxiously 
awaiting  a  Copy  of  the  Law  (said  to  have  passed)  erect- 
ing Orleans  into  a  State.  In  expectation  of  early  official 
information  on  this  subject,  the  Territorial  Legislature 
continues  in  Session. 

I  have  had  no  intelligence  of  the  Brig  Viper  since  her 
departure  from  the  "Balise  --  her  return  to  this  Port  is 
now  daily  expected. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
Secretary  of  the  Xavv  W.  (\  C.  Claibornc 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        203 

To  Judge  Cantrelle 

N.  0.  April  4.  1811. 

Sir, 

I  have  received  your  communication  of  the  25.  of 
March,  and  entirely  approve  the  measures  you  directed, 
for  the  apprehension  of  the  Offender  Roman,  the  negroe 
Commander  of  Mr.  Robin  Delogny.  The  conduct  of  the 
Indians  entitled  them  to  great  credit,  and  I  am  sorry  it 
is  not  in  my  power,  to  direct  the  payment  at  the  Treasury 
department  of  the  reward  of  one  hundred  dollars  which 
you  promised  them :  But  the  subject  shall  be  mentioned 
to  the  Legislature  and  I  doubt  not  but  they  will  make 
the  necessary  appropriation. 

I  am  Sir, 
Judge  Cantrelle  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 

N.  0.  April  4.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  lay  before  you  a  letter  which  has' 
been  addressed  to  me  by  the  Lady  Abbess  of  the  Ursu- 
lines  of  this  City,  stating  the  necessity  of  enlarging  their 
Convent,  and  expressing  a  wish  to  obtain  by  purchase  or 
otherwise  a  building  of  the  U.  S.  now  used  as  a  military 
Hospital. 

The  Lady  Abbess  and  her  amiable  community  devote 
all  their  temporal  cares  to  the  education  of  female  youth; 
and  in  this  point  of  view  are  of  such  public  utility,  that 
I  feel  a  great  interest  in  whatever  may  contribute  to 
their  welfare.  For  the  present  I  do  not  suppose  the  use 
of  the  military  Hospital  can  be  dispensed  with ;  but  I  feel 
assured  the  Government  will  soon  find  it  expedient  to 
dispose,  of  all  the  military  Lots  and  buildings  in  this 


204  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

City  and  to  erect  other  barracks  some  where  in  this 
vicinity.  When  that  period  arrives  (which  cannot  be 
distant)  I  hope  it  may  comport  with  the  views  of  Gov- 
ernment either  to  make  a  donation  to  the  Ladies  of  the 
Convent  of  the  building  they  solicit,  or  to  concede  to 
them  the  right  of  first  purchase. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir  £c  &c 

Mr.  Gallatin  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Blddle  Wilkinson  Entire. 

New  Orleans  April  4.  1811. 
Dear  Sir, 

The  applications  for  Office  are  really  so  numerous, 
that  I  am  necessarily  obliged  to  decline  answering  Let- 
ters addressed  to  me  on  that  subject;  or  else  more  of  my 
time,  would  be  employed  in  that  way,  than  the  duties  of 
my  Office  will  justify: —  to  this  consideration  therefore, 
may  be  attributed  the  circumstance  of  my  not  acknowl- 
edging the  receipt  of  the  letter  alluded  to,  in  your  com- 
munication of  the Ultimo.  1  certainly  Sir  feel  the 

most  friendly  disposition  towards  yourself  and  Mr.  An- 
drews, I  believe  you  both  to  be  deserving  of  public  and 
private  confidence;  but  as  relates  to  the  local  appoint- 
ments in  this  Territory,  T  have  deemed  it  an  Act  of  Jus- 
tice to  the  Inhabitants  to  give  them  in  all  cases  the  pref- 
erence—  hence  it  is  that  your  want  of  previous  resi- 
dence in  the  Territory  induces  me  to  confer  the  Office  in 
Feliciana  which  likely  to  become  vacant  on  some  other 
candidate. 

I  am  sorry  it  is  not  in  my  power  to  render  this  letter 
more  satisfactory;  but  it  is  due  to  candor  and  to  friend- 
ship to  be  thus  explicit. 

I  am  Dr.  Sir  &c  &c 
Biddle  Wilkinson  Esqr.  (sgd)  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       205 

The  Mayor  of  N.  Orleans 

N.  Orleans  April  4.  1811. 
Sir, 

Do  me  the  favor  to  submit  to  the  Honble.  the  City 
Council,  the  enclosed  Correspondence  between  Comore. 
Shaw  and  myself,  relative  to  an  Ordinance  wrhich  passes 
on  the  25.  of  March  "to  amend  the  Ordinance  concern- 
ing the  Port  of  New  Orleans,  and  the  Ship-yards".  Per- 
mit me  to  repeat  to  you  Sir,  that  the  removal  of  the  pub- 
lic Ship  Yard,  would  be  attended  with  the  most  serious 
inconvenience  to  the  public  Service;  and  to  express  the 
confidence  I  feel  in  the  City  Council  to  extend  to  the 
Navy  of  the  United  States  all  necessary  accommodation 
in  the  Port  of  New  Orleans. 
The  Honble.  I  have  the  honor  &c  &c 

Mr.  Mather.  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Commodore  Shaw. 

N.  Orleans  April  4.  1811. 
Sir, 

Your  letter  of  the  28th  ultimo  enclosing  a  copy  of  an 
Ordinance  of  the  City  Council  which  directs  the  public 
Ship- Yard  to  be  removed  on  or  before  the  first  of  August 
next  has  been  received. 

I  am  not  inclined  to  discuss  the  question  how  far  the 
powers  of  the  Council  to  whom  the  police  of  the  City  is 
committed,  are  adequate  to  the  passage  of  the  Ordinance 
aforesaid;  but  I  agree  with  you  in  opinion  that  the  re- 
moval of  the  Ship- Yard,  would  be  attended  with  the  most 
serious  inconvenience,  and  loss  to  the  United  States: — 
on  these  points  I  have  expressed  myself  fully  to  the 
Mayor  of  the  City,  and  was  happy  to  find  in  that  offi- 
cer, a  sincere  disposition  to  promote  the  interest  of  the 


206  MISSISSIPPI     TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Government,  and  to  subject  the  naval  Commander  on 
this  Station  to  no  unnecessary  embarrassment.  I  am 
very  confident  Sir,  that  a  like  disposition  will  be  found 
to  exist,  on  the  part  of  the  City  Council,  and  that  on  fur- 
ther consideration,  the  Ordinance  of  the  25.  of  March, 
will  be  so  modified,  as  not  to  embrace,  the  ship-Yard 
under  your  direction. 

I  have  the  honor  &c  &c 
Com:  Shaw.  (sgd)      W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

To  Geo:  F  array  out1 

New  Orleans  April  4.  1811. 
Dr.  Sir, 

I  am  happy  to  learn,  that  good  order  is  at  length  re- 
established in  your  quarter.  The  conduct  of  Duprie  is 
outrageous;  but  by  retiring  to  Tombigbee  he  is  no  longer 
within  the  controul.of  the  Authorities  of  this  Territory. 
I  have  suggested  to  Leforest  the  necessity  of  his  pursu- 
ing Duprie  to  Tombigbee,  and  to  apply  to  the  Courts 
there  for  redress ;  but  Leforest  (in  common  with  the  rest 
of  the  old  Inhabitants)  seems  impressed  with  an  opinion, 
that  all  power  is  rested  in  the  Governor,  and  is  not  in- 
clined to  make  application  elsewhere. 

Of  the  propriety  of  establishing  a  military  Post  on 
Dog  River,  I  am  fully  convinced ;  and  have  so  expressed 
myself  to  CJenl.  Hampton.  ~\Ve  have  no  late  news  from 
the  City  of  "\Vashington. 

I  wish  you  health  and  happiness. 
Geo:  Farragout  Esqr.  .«.     AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


Message 

Gentlemen  'of  the  Legislative  Council  and  of  the  House 
of  Representatives 
The  Bill  entitled  ''An  Act  to  establish  a  Sixth  and 

1  The  father  of  Admiral  Farragut. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  207 

seventh  District  of  the  Superior  Court  in  the  Territory 
of  Orleans  and  for  other  purposes",  does  not  meet  my 
approbation.  I  object  only  to  the  last  Section.  From 
the  french  text  it  would  seem  the  wish  of  the  Legislature 
was  to  suspend  the  operation  of  this  Bill  for  three 
months;  but  the  english  text  admits  of  an  opposite  con- 
struction. By  it  the  Act  itself  ceases  to  operate  three 
months  after  its  passage. 

I  request  you  Gentlemen  to  reconsider  the  subject; 
and  so  to  modify  the  last  section  as  to  give  perpetuity 
to  the  Act  and  to  permit'its  provisions  to  go  into  immedi- 
ate force  in  the  County  of  Feliciana,  where  for  want  of 
a  Court  of  superior  jurisdiction,  the  good  people  are 
exposed  to  serious  inconvenience. 
New  Orleans  sg'.  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

April  4.  1811 


To  the  Secretary  of  State 

N.  Orleans  April  9.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  have  no  news  from  Mobile  or  Pensacola  since  the 
letter  from  Govr.  Folch  of  which  a  copy  was  enclosed 
you  by  the  last  Mail.  My  last  accounts  from  Xachi- 
toches  represent  that  the  Revolutionists  in  the  interior 
Provinces  of  Mexico  had  met  with  no  reverse  of  fortune. 

It  is  believed  that  a  Bill  erecting  this  Territory  into 
a  State,  has  passed  into  a  Law,  but  I  remain  without  any 
official  information  on  this  subject.  The  Territorial 
Legislature  are  continued  in  Session  in  expectation  of 
that  if  a  Law  erecting  Orleans  into  a  State  has  passed 
it  will  devolve  upon  it  to  apportion  the  members  of  the 
Convention  among  the  several  Counties,  and  to  prescribe 
the  period  and  mode  of  election.  The  Representatives 
however  are  greatly  solicitous  to  return  to  their  families, 


208  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

and  I  am  fearful  they  cannot  be  kept  together  much 
longer. 

Of  the  disposition  Congress  may  have  made  for  the 
government  of  Florida,  I  am  wholly  unadvised.  The  re- 
port of  its  being  detached  from  the  Territory  of  Orleans 
occasions  discontent.  My  political  enemies  have  la- 
boured to  render  me  personally  unpopular,  by  represent- 
ing that  I  advised  the  measure,  and  had  traduced  &  mis- 
represented the  characters  of  the  People.1 

The  Secretary  of  the  Territory  Mr.  Robertson  leaves 
this  in  the  National  Brig  Siren,  in  eight  or  ten  days  for 
the  United  States.  His  friends  report  that  his  resigna- 
tion may  possibly  be  tendered  on  his  arrival.  If  so  and 
it  be  accepted,  the  duties  of  my  Office  would  be  rendered 
more  agreeable  if  some  capable  Citizen  of  this  or  an  ad- 
joining Territory  (between  whom  and  myself  there  exists 
a  good  understanding)  should  be  named  his  Successor. 
The  Honble.  I  have  the  honor  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Genl.  Thomas 

New  Orleans  April  9.  1811. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  have  received  the  letter  you  had  the  goodness  to  ad- 
dress me  by  Mr.  Selley  a  Commission  appointing  Mr. 
Ben:  P.  Thomas  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  is  enclosed,  and 
which  I  will  thank  you  to  deliver.  This  Gentleman  be- 
ing in  your  vicinity,  will  participate  in  the  duties  now  de- 
volving upon  you  and  which  circumstance  will  I  hope  in- 
duce you  not  to  press  your  resignation. 

The  transactions  at  St.  Francisville  are  by  me  much 
regretted,  not  from  any  personal  considerations,  but  on 

1  Claiborne's  influence  caused  the  Florida  parishes  to  be  annexed  to 
Louisiana  rather  than  to  Mississippi. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        209 

account  of  the  political  effect,  which  such  conduct  may 
produce.  The  evidence  of  ill  will  toward  me  personally 
which  some  persons  at  St.  Francisville  (according  to  re- 
port) thought  proper  to  manifest,  gives  me  no  concern. 
I  am  not  conscious  of  deserving  it,  and  do  not  suppose 
that  any  personal  injury  can  result.  But  the  rearing  of 
the  Florida  flag  and  the  reluctance  with  which  it  was 
taken  down,  may  by  some  be  construed  as  evidence  of 
ill-will  towards  the  American  Government.  For  myself 
I  feel  assured  that  the  great  majority  of  the  people  of 
Feliciana  are  real  Americans,  and  would  support  with 
their  lives  the  Government  &  Union.  But  their  charac- 
ters are  not  as  well  understood  elsewhere,  and  the  con- 
duct of  a  few  thoughtless  young  men,  may  prejudice  the 
whole  Society. 

I  wish  you  health  and  happiness 
Genl.  Thomas.  (sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Secretary  of  State. 

N.  Orleans  April  10.  1811 
Sir, 

Since  my  letter  of  yesterday  there  has  been  published 
in  a  public  print  of  this  City  a  Copy  of  the  Act  admitting 
this  Territory  into  the  Union.  Under  an  impression 
that  the  authenticity  of  this  publication  might  be  relied 
on  I  this  morning  sent  a  written  message  to  the  Legis- 
lature of  which  the  enclosed  is  a  copy.  It  is  understood 
that  the  Legislature  will  lose  no  time  in  apportioning  the 
representatives  of  the  Convention  among  the  several 
Counties,  and  bringing  the  Session  to  a  close. 
The  Honble.  I  am  Sir,  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

V— 14 


210  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Message 

Gentlemen  of  the  Legislative  Council  and  of  the  House 
of  Representatives. 

I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  you  a  publication,  ex- 
tracted from  a  public  print  of  yesterday,  purporting  to 
be  a  copy  of  ''an  Act"  passed  by  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States,  to  enable  the  People  of  the  Territory  of 
Orleans  to  form  a  Constitution  and  State  Government, 
and  for  the  admission  of  such  State  into  the  Union,  on 
an  equal  footing  with  the  original  States  and  for  other 
purposes".  Of  this  Act  of  Congress  I  have  not  yet  been 
officially  advised;  but  believing  that  the  authenticity  of 
the  enclosed  publication  may  be  relied  on,  I  have  es- 
teemed it  a  duty,  to  lay  the  same  before  the  Legislature. 
New  Orleans  (sgd)  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

April  10.  1811 


To  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy 

N.  Orleans  April  12.  1811. 
Sir, 

By  the  last  Mail  I  advised  you  of  the  Ordinance  of 
the  Council  of  this  City,  which  directed  the  removal  of 
the  public  Ship- Yard  and  transmitted  for  your  perusal 
a  Copy  of  a  letter  which  I  had  addressed  on  the  subject 
to  the  Mayor  of  New  Orleans.  I  now  enclose  you  the 
Mayor's  answer  from  which  you  will  perceive,  that  there 
is  no  wisli  on  the  part  of  that  Officer  or  the  Council  to 
subject  the  Navy  on  this  Station  to  inconvenience;  and 
that  the  Ordinance  in  question  will  not  be  insisted  on. 

As  relates  to  the  removal  of  the  Navy  yard,  without 
the  limits  of  New  Orleans,  I  have  always  thought  it  ex- 
pedient. An  eligible  Scite  near  the  City  might  be  pur- 
chased, and  all  necessary  buildings  erected  for  a  less 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        211 

sum  than  a  building  and  adjoining  Lot,  the  property  of 
the  United  States,  where  naval  Stores  are  now  deposited 
would  sell  for. 
The  Honble.  I  have  the  honor  &c  &c 

Mr.  Hamilton  (sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Secretary  of  State 

New  Orleans  April  16.  1811. 
Sir, 

On  a  former  occasion  I  stated  to  you  the  reasons, 
which  induced  me,  to  intercede  with  the  Capt.  Genl.  of 
Cuba  in  behalf  of  the  Americans  in  confinement  at  Ha- 
vana, and  transmitted  copies  of  my  letters  to  that  Officer. 
His  answer  was  brought  to  me  last  Evening  by  Capt. 
Bainbridge  of  the  Brig  Viper,  and  of  which  I  now  have 
the  honor  to  enclose  you  a  Copy. 

In  a  letter  from  Mr.  Vincent  Gray  dated  Havana  30. 
March  1811,  he  says  "I  believe  your  letters  by  Capt. 
Bainbridge  may  be  the  cause  of  saving  the  lives  of  those 
unfortunate  men,  provided  the  Act  of  Grace  herein  en- 
closed does  not  reach  them ;  but  as  the  public  authorities 
here  move  slow,  we  cannot  calculate  upon  any  given  time 
when  Government  will  decide  upon  their  fate:"  But 
Capt.  Shaler  in  a  letter  of  the  same  date  does  not  write  as 
favorably:  he  says  "I  have  always  believed  that  the  cau- 
tious and  timid  character  of  the  Captain  General,  would 
prevent  him  ever  giving  an  opinion  on  the  Accession  of 
Florida,  and  that  he  would  never  do  any  thing,  that  would 
in  the  most  distant  degree,  be  construed  into  a  recognition 
of  the  Sovereignty  of  the  United  States  in  that  Country, 
consequently  that  he  would  not  listen  to  any  interference 
in  favor  of  the  unfortunate  men  brought  here  as  prison- 
ers from  Pensacola;  I  expected  however  that  he  would 
have  treated  them  with  lenity,  and  perhaps  suffer  them 


212  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

to  escape.  Mr.  Sibley  addressed  a  letter  to  me  as  I  am 
informed  from  prison,  which  was  retained  by  the  Gov- 
ernment. ' '  I  have  to  regret  that  my  intercession  with  the 
Captain  General  has  not  proved  successful.  It  will  be 
cause  of  further  regret  if  the  policy  of  the  Spanish  Gov- 
ernment, should  direct  the  execution  of  these  unhappy 
captives  since  I  much  fear  it  would  be  followed  by  some 
sanguinary  Act,  of  retaliation  on  the  part  of  their  friends 
in  this,  and  the  Mississippi  Territory. 
The.  Honble.  I  am  Sir  &c  &c 

Mr.  Smith  &c  (sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy 

New  Orleans  April  16.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  a  Copy  of  a  letter 
addressed  to  me  by  Comore.  Shaw  together  with  my  an- 
swer. From  the  state  of  my  foreign  relations  I  think 
it  a  proper  measure  of  precaution  to  detain  the  Siren  on 
this  Station;  and  as  Comore.  Shaw's  orders  relative  to 
her  departure  are  not  imperative,  I  hope  it  may  become 
unnecessary  by  recruiting  at  this  Port  the  requisite  num- 
ber of  Seamen. 

Capt.  Bainbridge  of  the  Brig  Viper  reached  this  City 
on  last  Evening.  I  am  am  sorry  to  add  that  my  interces- 
sion with  the  Capt.  <!enl.  of  Cuba  in  behalf  of  the  Ameri- 
can's in  confinement  at  Havana  lias  not  been  attended 
with  success. 
The  Honble.  Tarn  Sir  &c  &c 

Mr.  Hamilton  (sgd)        \V.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       213 

To  Commodore  Shaiv. 

New  Orleans  April  16.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  am  honored  with  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of  yester- 
day. 

From  the  state  of  our  foreign  relations  I  do  not  think 
it  prudent  to  deminish  our  naval  force  on  this  Station 
and  am  therefore  of  opinion,  that  exersions  should  be 
made  to  enter  at  the  Port  "a  crew  for  the  United  States 
Brig  Siren,  to  supply  the  place  of  the  one  about  to  be 
discharged."  But  how  far  you  may  be  authorised  to 
offer  a  bounty  of  $10.  to  each  Seaman  is  a  question, 
which  (from  the  general  tenor  of  your  instructions,  and 
from  precedents)  you  can  best  determine. 

I  am  &c 
Comre.  Shaw  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Doctor  Sibley 
-Dear  sir  New  Orelans  April  18.  1811. 

I  am  sorry  to  inform  you  that  my  intercession  with 
the  Capt.  Genl.  of  Cuba  in  behalf  of  Mr.  Cyrus  Sibley  has 
not  been  attended  with  the  desired  success.  I  am  not 
however  without  hopes  that  my  interference  may  lead 
(ultimately)  to  his  liberation;  and  indeed  letters  from 
Havana  give  me  very  reason  to  anticipate  such  an  event. 

I  wish  you  health  and  happiness. 
Doctr.  Sibley  (sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Judge  Lewis 
Dear  Sir,  New  Orleans  April  19.  1811. 

I  have  received  your  letter  of  the  7th  Inst.  The  Act 
of  the  Legislature  to  which  you  allude  has  not  yet  been 
approved  by  the  Governor.  In  the  event  of  its  passage 


214  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

(which  is  somewhat  uncertain)  your  recommendation  of 
Mr.  Wrenn  will  be  attended  to. 

You  have  no  doubt  understood  that  your  Parish  has 
been  divided.  Will  you  do  me  the  favor  to  name  a  Citi- 
zen of  the  Parish  St.  Mary  (the  name  given  the  new  Pa- 
rish) capacitated  to  act  as  Judge  thereof,  and  possessing 
the  confidence  of  the  people. 

I  wish  you  health  and  happiness. 
Judge  Lewis  (sgd)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


Message 

Gentlemen  of  the  Legislative  Council  and  of  the  House 

of  Representatives. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  late  Insurrection  of  the 
negroes,  in  the  parishes  of  St.  Charles  and  St.  John  Bap- 
tiste,  I  deemed  it  a  duty  to  offer  a  very  liberal  reward  for 
the  apprehension  of  the  principal  Chiefs.  This  reward 
has  not  yet  been  claimed  but  it  is  known  to  me  that  some 
of  the  Citizens  of  German  Coast,  are  entitled  to  a  part 
thereof.  To  enable  me  therefore  to  fulfill  a  promise 
which  I  made  in  my  Official  Character,  and  solely  with  a 
view  to  the  public  safety,  I  must  request  the  Legislature 
to  have  the  goodness,  to  place  at  the  disposition  of  the 
Governor  of  the  Territory,  a  sum  not  exceeding  fifteen 
hundred  dollars,  which  it  is  believed  will  meet  the  de- 
mands alluded  to. 

New  Orleans  (sgd)     AY.  C1.  C.  Claiborne 

April  19.  1811 


To  Col:  Sparks 

New  Orleans  April  21.  1811. 
My  dear  Sir, 

I  have  received  your  letter  of  the  -  -  and  regret  it 
is  not  in  my  power  to  come  immediately  to  Baton  Rouge. 
The  Legislature  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans  is  in  Session, 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       215 

and  it  is  essential  to  the  public  interest,  that  I  should  re- 
main at  the  Seat  of  Government.  It  is  however  expected 
that  the  Legislature  will  rise  some  time  about  the  last 
of  this  week ;  in  that  event  should  my  presence  at  Baton 
Rouge  be  necessary  to  your  defence,  you  may  rest  as- 
sured I  shall  not  fail  to  be  there.  In  the  mean  time 
should  you  feel  a  disposition  to  have  my  Answers  to  any 
particular  interrogotaries,  you  have  only  to  forward 
them  to  me  at  New  Orleans,  and  the  answers  shall  be  im- 
mediately returned  to  you  at  Baton  Rouge. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
Col:  Sparks  sgd    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Col:  Sparks 

New  Orleans  April  22.  1811. 
Dear  Sir, 

The  Legislature  of  the  Territory  have  agreed  to  ad- 
journ on  Thursday  next,  and  in  conformity  to  your  wish 
and  the  summons  of  the  Court  Martial  I  shall  set  out 
for  Baton  Rouge  on  Friday  or  Saturday. 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 
ColiSparks  s.     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Genl.  Hampton. 

New  Orleans  April  22.  1811. 
Dear  Sir, 

Col:  Sparks  has  summoned  me  to  Baton  Rouge  as 
a  witness.  I  do  not  know  that  any  thing  I  can  say,  would 
be  of  importance  at  the  trial ;  but  as  my  presence  is  do- 
sired  it  is  an  Act  of  Justice  to  a  man  whom  I  have  long 
know  &  esteemed  to  attend. 

The  Legislature  adjourns  on  Tomorrow  and  I  shall 


216  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

leave  this  on  Saturday.     I  anticipate  the  pleasure  of  see- 
ing you  at  the  Homars,  or  at  Baton  Rouge. 

I  am  D.  Sir,  &c  &c 
Genl.  Hampton  si.    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


Gentlemen  of  the  Legislative  Council  and  of  the  House 

of  Representatives. 

On  examining  the  Bill  entitled  "An  Act  Supplemen- 
tary to  An  Act  regulating  and  governing  the  Militia  of 
the  Territory  of  Orleans"  I  find  that  by  the  second  Sec- 
tion the  Adjutant  General  is  charged  with  the  annual  in- 
spection of  each  and  every  Regiment  in  the  Territory. 
I  find  also  that  by  the  fifteenth  Section  the  Same  Of- 
ficer is  directed  to  furnish  blank  forms  of  returns  to  the 
Several  Colonels  or  Commandants  of  Corps,  and  to  ex- 
plain the  principles  upon  which  these  should  be  made ; 
to  receive  from  the  several  Officers  commanding  Corps, 
returns  of  the  Militia  under  their  command,  reporting 
the  actual  situation  of  their  arms,  ammunition,  accoutre- 
ments &c  I  submit  it  therefore  to  the  Legislature 
whether  the  Regimental  Inspection  had  not  bettor  be  con- 
fided to  the  several  Colonels  Commandants  or  Officers 
commanding  Regiments;  and  with  this  view  I  recom- 
mend to  their  reconsideration  the  second  Section  of  the 
Bill.  Should  this  Inspection  remain  with  the  Adjutant 
General,  he  must  necessarily  neglect  the  various  other 
duties,  required  of  him  under  the  fifteenth  Section;  and 
his  Journey  through  every  part  of  the  Territory  will  of 
itself  subject  him  to  an  expence,  which  his  Salary  of  one 
thousand  dollars  Pr.  Annum,  will  not  more  than  meet. 
New  Orleans  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

April  24.  1811. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLA1BORNE.        217 

To  Woods  on  Wrenn  Esqr. 

New  Orleans  April  25.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  enclose  you  two  Commissions 
signed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  by  which 
you  are  appointed  Collector  of  the  District  of  Tache,  and 
Inspector  of  the  Eevenue  of  Nova  Iberia. 

The  necessary  forms  and  instructions  for  your  Gov- 
ernment, I  expect  will  be  very  soon  enclosed,  to  me  by 
the  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury,  and  immediately  on 
their  reception  shall  be  forwarded. 

The  Collector's  salary  is  $250  Per  Ann:  exclusive  of 
fees,  and  commissions ;  as  Inspector  also  you  will  be  al- 
lowed certain  fees  which  in  a  few  years  may  render  the 
Office  valuable.  You  will  be  pleased  to  acknowledge  the 
receipt  of  this  Letter,  and  advise  me  of  your  acceptance 
or  non-acceptance  of  the  office. 

I  am  Sir  &c 
Woodson  Wrenn  Esqr.  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  P.  Grymes  Esqr. 

New  Orleans  April  25.  1811. 
Sir, 

Your  letter  of  yesterday  has  been  received :  I  assent 
to  your  absence  from  the  Territory;  but  it  is  expected 
you  will  return  to  New  Orleans,  as  soon  as  your  conven- 
ience permits ;  and  in  any  event  prior  to  the  first  of  De- 
cember. 

I  am  Sir  &c 
P.  Grymes  Esqre. 


218  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Proclamation 

By  William  C.  C.  Claiborne  Governor  of  the  Territory 
of  Orleans— 

Whereas  it  is  made  known  to. the  undersigned,  that 
the  Legislature  and  House  of  Representatives,  of  the 
Territory  of  Orleans,  had  by  a  joint  Resolution  agreed 
to  close  their  Session  on  this  day,  the  twenty  fifth  of  the 
present  month  (April) ;  And  whereas  a  Resolution  which 
had  passed  the  Legislative  Council  to  postpone  the  con- 
templated adjournment,  was  this  day  rejected  by  the 
House  of  Representatives,  and  the  said  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives fourthwith  adjourned  sine  die;  leaving  un- 
acted upon  several  subjects  of  great  importance  to  the 
welfare  to  this  Territory.  Now  therefore  be  it  known 
that  I  William  C.  C.  Claiborne  Governor  as  aforesaid, 
do  by  virtue  of  the  powers  in  me  vested  issue  this  my 
Proclamation,  hereby  requiring  each  and  every  member 
of  the  Legislative  Council  &  House  of  Representatives 
of  this  Territory  to  assemble  together  in  their  respective 
Chambers  on  this  day  at  5.  0  'Clock  P.  M.  and  to  continue 
in  the  discharge  of  their  Legislative  functions. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  the  Seal  of  the  Territory 
this  25th  day  of  April  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1811.  and 
in  the  35th  year  of  American  Independence. 
[L.  S.]  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


Message 

Gentlemen  of  the  Legislative  Council  and  of  the  House 

of  Representatives— 

By  the  Act  providing  for  the  payment  of  Slaves, 
killed  and  executed  on  account  of  the  late  Insurrection 
in  this  Territory,  and  for  other  purposes,  which  has  this 
day  been  approved,  the  public  faith  is  pledged  for  the 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       219 

payment  of  a  great  Sum,  than  the  unappropriated 
monies  at  this  time  in  the  Treasury  amount  to.  It  is  be- 
leived  that  the  demand  under  Act  aforesaid,  will  be  about 
$29,000,  and  from  the  report  of  the  Treasurer  herewith 
transmitted,  there  remained  in  the  Treasury  on  the  19. 
Inst.  an  unappropriated  of  only  $19,250.  I  submit  there- 
fore to  the  Legislature  the  expediency  of  providing  by 
a  supplementary  Bill,  for  the  remuneration  of  the  losses 
sustained  during  the  late  Insurrection  by  instalments; 
or  otherwise  the  Treasury  will  for  several  months  be 
left  with  monies  sufficient  to  meet  the  current  expences 
of  the  Government.  It  will  not  escape  the  observation 
of  the  Legislature ;  that  these  expences  will  be  much  in- 
creased the  present  year,  under  the  Law  providing  for 
the  election  of  Representatives,  for  forming  a  Conven- 
tion and  for  other  purposes. 

New  Orleans  William  C.  C.  Claiborne 

April  25.  1811 


Message 

Gentlemen  of  the  Legislative  Council  and  of  the  House 
of  Representatives — 

I  have  considered  with  respectful  attention  the  Bill 
supplementary  to  and  amending  An  Act  entitled  An  Act, 
relative  to  roads,  Levees,  and  to  the  police  of  Cattle  & 
for  other  purposes",  and  cannot  approve  the  same.  My 
objections  attach  more  immediately  to  the  fourth  Sec- 
tion which  vests  the  parish  meetings  or  Police  Jury  with 
power  to  appoint  Parish  Treasurers  and  to  define  their 
duties  and  qualifications ' '. 

It  is  not  permitted  me  to  sanction  a  provision  of  that 
kind,  because  it  is  opposed  to  that  part  of  tho  Ordinance 
for  the  Government  of  the  Territory  which  says,  that  tho 
powers  and  duties  of  Magistrates  and  other  civil  officers, 


220  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

shall  be  defined  by  the  Legislature,  and  that  all  Magis- 
trates and  other  civil  officers  whose  appointments  are  not 
otherwise  directed  by  the  Ordinance  shall  be  made  by 
the  Governor".  Treasurers  are  unquestionably  civil 
officers. 

New  Orleans  sg.     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

April  26.  1811. 


To  Robert  Fulton  Esqre. 

New  Orleans  April  26.  1811. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  enclose  you  a  copy  of  "an  Act 
granting  to  Robert  R.  Livingston,  and  Robert  Fulton  the 
sole  privilege  of  using  Steam  boats  for  a  Limited  time 
in  this  Territory,  and  to  subscribe  myself. 

With  great  respect  &c 
Robert  Fulton  Es.  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  William  Lindsay  Esqre. 

New  Orleans  April  26.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  request  you  to  have  the  goodness  to  transmit  to  Mr. 
Patterson  the  enclosed  Commission,  appointing  him 
Sheriff  of  the  Parish  of  Warren,  and  in  the  event  of  his 
acceptance  to  administer  to  him  an  Oath  to  support  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  also  an  Oath 
faithfully  and  diligently  to  perform  the  duties  of  his 
Office. 

Will  you  be  pleased  to  advise  me  at  what  point  on 
the  River,  packets  directed  to  you  should  be  left.  I  wish 
to  send  to  your  Parish  by  some  boats  ascending  the  Mis- 
sissippi several  copies  of  the  Laws  of  the  Territory. 

I  am  &c  &c 
Judge  Lindsay  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        221 

To  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

New  Orleans  April  26.  11. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
private  Letter  of  the  19th  of  March,  and  to  inform  you 
that  I  have  filled  up  the  blanks  in  the  Commissions  for 
the  Offices  of  Collector  and  Inspector  of  the  Revenue 
which  you  forwarded  to  me  with  the  name  of  Woodson 
Wrenn.  He  is  a  native  of  Virginia  and  resides  near  to 
Nova  Iberia.  I  have  very  little  personal  knowledge  of 
Mr.  Wrenn ;  but  several  of  my  friends  and  more  particu- 
larly Mr.  Benjamin  Morgan  have  assured  me  that  he 
possesses  great  integrity ;  and  is  capable,  prudent  and  in- 
dustrous.  As  soon  as  the  forms  and  instructions  which 
you  are  pleased  to  say,  will  be  transmitted  under  cover 
to  me,  by  the  Comptroller  shall  reach  me  they  shall  be 
forwarded  to  Mr.  "Wrenn. 

The  Legislature  have  passed  a  Law  providing  for  the 
election  of  Members  of  the  Convention,  and  in  expecta- 
tion of  a  speedy  admission  into  the  Union,  have  declared 
by  a  Resolution  that  it  was  not  expedient  to  nominate 
another  Delegate  to  Congress.  The  Convention  I  pre- 
sume will  elect  some  Citizen  to  bear  to  Congress  a  Copy 
of  the  Constitution,  which  may  be  adopted. 

At  the  earnest  request  of  Mr.  Fortier  the  acting  Mar- 
shal of  this  District  I  take  the  liberty  to  mention  to  you, 
that  that  Officer  is  greatly  harrassed,  witli  applications 
for  little  sums  of  money  due  to  Jurors,  Witnesses  and 
others,  for  attendance  at  the  District  Court;  and  that 
he  is  anxious  to  be  authorized  to  draw  upon  you  for  an 
amount  sufficient  to  cover  these  claims. 

I  am  Sir  &c 
The  Hon.  W.  Gallatin  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


222  MISSISSIPPI     TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Henry  Johuson  Esqre. 

New  Orleans  May  1,  1811. 
oir, 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  enclose  you  a  Commission  as 
Judge  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary.  In  the  event  of  your 
acceptance  it  will  be  necessary  that  you  enter  into  Bond 
(with  two  Sureties  owners  of  real  Estate  in  the  Terri- 
tory of  Orleans)  with  the  Governor  of  the  Territory  for 
the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  for  the  faithful  dis- 
charge of  your  duties.  The  Oaths  of  office  will  be  ad- 
ministered to  you  by  the  Honble.  Judge  Lewis  of  At- 

tackapas.  0-    «     0 

I  am  Sir  &c  &c 

Heny.  Johnson  Esqr.  (sgd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

P.  S.  I  will  thank  you  to  forward  the  enclosed  Commis- 
sions to  the  Gentlemen  to  whom  they  are  directed.  In 
the  event  of  their  acceptance  you  will  be  pleased  to  ad- 
minister to  each  of  the  Gentlemen  the  Oaths  of  Office. 

AY.  C.  C.  C. 


To  John  line/lies  E*(fre.. 
gir  New  Orleans  May  1,  1811. 

Desirous  of  availing  the  public  of  your  Services  as 
of  the  Sixth  Superior  Court  District,  I  have  the 


honor  to  enclose  you  a  Commission  and  to  subscribe  my- 
self £c 
John  Hughes  Esqr.  (sgd)     AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Lloyd  Posey  Esqr, 
Sir, 

Desirous  of  availing  the  public  of  your  services  as 
of  the  Sixth  Superior  Court  District,  1  have  the 
honor  to  enclose  you  a  Commission  and  to  subscribe  my- 
self &c 
Lloyd  Posey  Ksqre.  sgd.     AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        223 

To  the  Secretary  of  State 

New  Orleans  May  3. 1811.  x 
Sir, 

The  Territorial  Legislature  adjourned  a  few  days 
since,  and  the  Members  greatly  dissatisfied  with  each 
other  as  also  with  the  Executive.  This  ill-will  was  gen- 
erated by  a  project  of  a  Bankrupt  Law ;  as  warmly  sup- 
ported by  the  Members  whose  native  language  is  f rench ; 
as  it  was  opposed  by  those  whose  native  language  is  Eng- 
lish. Among  the  Citizens  also  there  existed  on  this 
question  great  disunion  in  Sentiment.  The  native 
French  and  Creoles  rallying  around  the  Majority  of  the 
Legislature :  and  the  native  Americans  adhering  to  a 
man  to  the  minority.  The  proposed  Law  however  con- 
tained provisions  which  it  was  impossible  for  me  to  sanc- 
tion— they  were  opposed  to  the  spirit  of  American  juris- 
prudence, and  would  I  am  assured  have  proven  more  or 
less  oppressive  to  the  whole  community.  But  for  more 
particular  information  as  to  the  grounds  on  which  the 
Law  was  rejected,  I  beg  leave  to  refer  you  to  the  en- 
closed Copy  of  my  Message  on  the  subject  to  the  Legis- 
lature. 

The  last  accounts  from  the  interior  provinces  of  Mex- 
ico were  unfavorable  to  the  Revolutionists.  Their  Chief 
(the  Priest  Hedelgo)  it  is  said  has  been  betrayed,  and 
delivered  up  to  the  partizans  of  the  vice-Koy.  As  far  as 
I  can  learn  the  public  sympathy,  as  well  as  numbers  are 
greatly  on  the  side  of  the  Revolutionists:  but  they  are  in 
great  want  of  arms;  and  their  Leaders  are  so  evidently 
deficient  in  Judgment  and  prudence,  that  their  cause  is 
despaired  of. 
The  Honble.  I  have  the  honor  &c  &c 

Mr.  Monroe  s.     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Sec:  State. 


224  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  the  Mayor  of  New  Orleans. 

New  Orleans  May  3. 1811. 
Sir, 

In  conformity  to  the  instruction  of  the  Board  of 
Regents  of  the  University  of  Orleans  I  have  the  honor 
to  transmit  to  you  a  Copy  of  their  Resolution  unani- 
mously adopted  on  the  2nd  Inst.  relative  to  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  College  on  the  Scit.e  of  the  Plantation 
Treme,  allotted  for  that  purpose  by  the  City  Corpora- 
tion and  to  request  you  to  submit  the  same  to  the  City 
Council  at  their  next  meeting.  From  the  generous  and 
enlightened  policy  which  has  on  this  occasion  been  al- 
ready displayed  by  that  Honble.  Body  the  Regents  are 
induced  to  believe  that  they  will  receive  such  further  en- 
couragement and  support  from  the  Corporation  as  may 
tend  to  the  advancement  of  so  desirable  an  Institution. 
To  that  end  it  is  deemed  indespencible  to  unite,  the  means 
appropriated  by  the  Legislature,  with  such  as  have  al- 
ready been  granted  by  the  City  Corporation,  and  a  num- 
ber of  good  Citizens;  and  the  Regents  persuade  them- 
selves, that  the  Mayor  and  Aldermen  of  New  Orleans 
will  pass  some  deed  or  other  writing,  which  shall  place 
at  their  disposition  the  Lots  &  buildings  on  the  Planta- 
tion Treme,  and  also  the  amount  of  the  private  subscrip- 
tion List. 

I  am  Sir, 
The  Rouble.  very  respectfully 

Mr.  Mather  Your  most  ob :  hum :  Ser : 

Mayor  of          (signed)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 
New  Orleans. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBOKNE.        225 

Translation  of  a  letter  from  the  Capt.  Genl.  of  Cuba. 

Havana  March  29.  1811. 
Sir, 

I  have  received  two  of  your  Excellency's  letters,  one 
oi  the  23rd  Feby.  and  the  other  of  the  3rd  March  in- 
stant, for  the  purpose  of  recommending  a  certain  Har- 
grave  and  others  his  companions  apprehended  near  Mo- 
bile by  the  Spanish  troops,  under  the  Command  of  Briga- 
dier General  Don  Vincente  Folch,  wherein  your  Excel- 
lency extends  particularly  to  request  the  release  of  Mr. 
Cyrus  Sibley;  the  Circumstances  relative  to  whom  and 
who 's  innocence  you  wish  to  corroborate  by  the  two  Let- 
ters of  information  which  accompany  yours. 

After  being  fully  informed  of  the  whole  affair,  I  have 
to  state  to  your  Elxcellency  in  reply  that  it  would  in  truth 
afford  me  the  greatest  satisfaction  at  this  moment,  If  the 
information  which  I  have  received,  as  to  the  blameless 
state  in  which  those  insurgents  are  conceived  to  be,  could 
agree  with  the  true  merits  and  aspect  which  their  Case 
presents. 

As  I  should  with  the  greatest  pleasure  accede  to  the 
delivery  of  Sibley  and  to  the  alleviating  the  Lot  of  his 
Companions,  in  order  to  add  this  new  proof  of  the  Con- 
stant good  understanding  which  I  wish  to  maintain  be- 
tween two  friendly  Governments  in  Avhich  rank  I  class 
the  United  States ;  but  unfortunately  occurrences  oppose 
so  doing  in  this  affair.  Of  the  Eleven  persons  belonging 
to  the  insurrection  formed  against  the  Fort  &  Town  of 
Mobile,  Ten  were  taken  among  those  encamped  with 
HKemper  who  was  at  the  head  of  that  Rebellion,  and  whon 
we  treat  of  judging  them  for  Crime  of  Such  Magnitude, 
committed  in  Violation  of  national  rights  and  in  the  face 
of  the  Spanish  Government,  I  cannot  as  first  Chief  of  the 
Province  dissemble  in  their  case,  nor  bleach  their  delin- 
quency, without  the  clearest  proof ;  neither  can  your  Ex- 

V— 15 


226  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

cellency  as  Solicitor  in  there  behalf  think  yourself  unat- 
tended to  in  your  request,  because  the  prosecution  is  car- 
ried on  for  its  due  and  proper  Conclusion;  on  the  con- 
trary I  trust  that  when  your  Excellency  shall  be  con- 
vinced of  the  truth  of  the  facts  which  have  preceded  the 
steps  and  measures  now  in  agitation  you  will  feel  with 
me  interested  that  the  most  prompt  Justice,  which  the 
magnitude  of  such  an  injury  requires,  should  be  strictly 
administered. 

Mr.  Cyrus  Sibley  may  be  know  by  the  fair  Character 
by  which  you  recommend  him,  but  until  now  he  appears 
to  be  a  true  agent  of  the  Revolutionary  Kemper  for  the 
purpose  of  delivering  into  the  hands  of  the  Commandant 
of  Pensacola  letters  from  said  Kemper  tending  to  the 
ends  of  his  perfidious  project,  and  what  is  further  against 
him  is  the  aggravating  circumstances  of  his  being  a 
Settler  in  the  Spanish  District  of  Mobile,  having  sworn 
to  observe  our  Laws  and  having  obtained  the  consequent 
Decree  of  naturalization.  How  then  could  I  under  the 
circumstances  thus  circumscribed  agree  to  release  and 
send  back  Mr.  Sibley  without  directly  violating  the  confi- 
dence placed  in  my  hands  by  the  Sovereignty  of  the  na- 
tion, for  the  Government  of  the  Province  and  the  defense 
of  the  national  rights  committed  to  my  charge.  Both 
those  extremes  are  incompatible,  £  consequently  the  first 
is  impracticable  Yet  in  compliance  with  the  contents  of 
said  Letters,  I  can  grant  that  they  be  attached  to  the  pro- 
ceedings, in  order  that  the  information  therein  contained 
may  work  its  adequate  weight  on  the  merits  of  the  Case. 
The  officer  Commanding  the  Vessel  of  War  of  the  United 
States,  who  came  to  this  Port,  delivered  me  your  Excys. 
two  aforesaid  letters,  and  the  same  person  takes  the  pres- 
ent Answer,  The  Lord  preserve  you  many  years. 

(Sigd.)     The  Marqyis  of  Someruelos 
His  Ecln.  filovr.          a  Translation  by  San :  Moore 
W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        227 

Message 

Gentlemen  of  the  Legislative  Council  and  of  the  Honse 
of  Representatives— 

During  the  late  Insurrection  in  this  Territory  I  nec- 
essarily incurred  some  expenditures  with  a  view  to  the 
equipment,  the  Comfort  and  Speedy  movement  of  several 
detachments  of  militia,  ordered  into  Service.  These 
expenditures,  which  include  only  the  amount  of  Horse 
hire  carts  &ca.  and  the  purchase  of  Provisions  and  Am- 
unition)  I  was  of  opinion  were  properly  chargeable  to 
the  United  States ;  and  to  enable  me  to  meet  them,  I  drew 
Bills  upon  the  Department  of  War,  for  $2500,  which  Sum 
was  to  be  paid  me  in  this  City,  by  the  Merchants  in  whose 
favor  the  Bills  were  drawn,  on  information  being  re- 
ceived that  they  had  been  honored :  but  in  a  Letter  from 
the  Honble.  the  Secretary  at  War  recently  received  and 
of  which  a  Copy  is  herewith  enclosed,  he  represents,  that 
"there  being  no  appropriation  by  Congress  for  the  pay- 
ment of  Militia  called  out  for  any  purpose  whatever,  he 
was  under  the  necessity  of  returning  the  Bills  unsatis- 
fied; and  he  suggests  the  expediency,  of  the  Legislature 
of  the  Territory  providing  for  the  payment,  and  that  ap- 
plication be  hereafter  made  to  congress  for  an  approp- 
priation". 

I  cannot  State  with  certainty  the  extent  of  these  Ex- 
penditures ;  Claims  to  the  amount  of  Eleven  hundred  Dol- 
lars have  been  paid ;  a  part  out  of  my  own  private  funds ; 
and  part  by  advances  made  by  Mr.  Francis  Duplossis 
Junr.  who  acted  as  Quarter  Master  and  other  accounts 
exhibited  by  Sundry  Individuals  remain  unliquidated, 
it  is  believed  however  that  two  Thousand  and  five  Hun- 
dred Dollars,  will  meet  the  whole  demand;  and  which  I 
request  the  Legislature  to  place  at  the  disposition  of  the 
Executive  for  the  above  purpose. 
April  29th  1811  sigd.  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


228  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Message 

Gentlmen  of  the  Legislative  Council  and  of  the  House 

of  Representatives— 

I  have  considered  with  all  the  attention  due  to  the  im- 
portance of  the  subject;  the  Bill  entitled  "An  Act  con- 
cerning failures  and  Bankruptcies"  which  on  the  Even- 
ing of  the  27th  inst.  was  laid  before  me,  many  of  its  pro- 
visions are  wise  and  Salutary,  but  there  are  others  which 
to  my  mind  are  so  very  exceptionable,  that  I  cannot  con- 
sistently with  my  duty  approve  them.  It  will  not  be  ex- 
pected of  me  to  State  in  detail  my  various  objections. 
Such  a  Course  on  the  part  of  the  executive  is  Seldom 
pursued ;  and  would  moreover  on  the  present  occasion  be 
useless;  since  there  is  little  ground  to  hope  that  at  this 
late  period  of  your  Session,  and  with  so  strong  a  desire 
as  has  already  been  manifested  to  adjourn  that  the  Bill 
could  be  so  modified,  as  to  meet  the  wishes  of  the  three 
Brandies  of  the  Legislature  On  a  question  however,  of 
such  general  interest,  which  has  occupied  so  great  a  share 
of  the  deliberations  of  the  Legislative  body,  and  excited 
so  much  public  solicitude,  I  beg  leave  to  state  in  general 
and  concise  terms,  the  Considerations  which  have  in- 
duced my  Veto:  I  object  to  the  System  in  the  first  place 
because  in  its  execution  the  aid  of  persons  learned  in  the 
Law,  is  rendered  so  necessary,  and  to  resort  to  judges 
and  Courts  so  frequent,  that,  I  am  assured  a  greater  por- 
tion of  Bankrupt's  Estate,  would  be  appropriated  to  the 
discharge  of  the  demands  of  'Lawyers,  Sheriffs,  No- 
taries, and  Clerks,  than  is  consistent  with  equity  and 
good  Policy.  I  object  also  to  the  System,  because  its 
general  principles  are  not  in  unison,  with  tin;  genius  and 
the  spirits  of  American  jurisprudence  It  seems  to  me 
desirable  that  our  Regulations  concerning  Bankruptcies 
should  be  assimilated  as  far  as  is  practicable  to  those  of 
the  United  States  generally 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  ,C.  CLAIBORNE.  229 

<• 

From  the  Geographical  position  of  this  Territory,  our 
traders  will  always  be  intimately  connected  with  the 
great  Commercial  Houses  of  the  Northern  and  Middle 
States ;  and  our  exporting  merchants  will  have  large  and 
extensive  dealings,  with  the  Inhabitants  of  that  rich  and 
immense  tract  of  Country  West  of  the  Alleghany  Moun- 
tains, whose  various  products  descend  annually  to  New 
Orleans,  the  great  Commercial  Depot  of  the  Western 
World.  Hence,  to  this  people,  a  municipal  regulation  of 
ours  respecting  Bankruptcies,  is  as  interesting  as  to  our- 
selves. It  is  due  therefore,  on  this  occasion,  to  the  great 
American  family,  of  which  this  Territory  forms  a  part, 
to  profit  by  their  experience,  and  to  be  guided  in  some 
measure  by  their  opinions ;  These  we  can  without  diffi- 
culty ascertain,  by  an  examination  of  the  Several  State 
Statutes  relative  to  Bankrupts  and  insolvent  debtors,  or 
of  a  perusal  of  the  late  uniform  System  of  Bankruptcy 
of  the  U:  States.  Among  the  particular  Provisions, 
which  I  deem  objectionable,  is  the  one  which  declares  that 
when  fraud  is  presumed,  a  Satisfactory  explanation,  on 
oath,  by  two  witnesses,  can  alone  rescue  the  Bankrupt 
from  the  Penalties  of  the  Law;  On  the  trial  of  other 
offences  of  equal  moral  turpitude,  with  that  of  fraud  in 
a  Bankrupt,  the  testimony  of  one  competent  witness, 
(under  the  Law)  justifies  an  acquital,  and  I  do  not  see  the 
necessity  of  introducing  a  different  rule  in  the  present 
instance.  It  is  not  the  number  but  the  Credit  of  wit- 
nesses that  produces  conviction.  I  have  also  great 
doubts  as  to  the  propriety  of  the  provisions  which  de- 
clare invalid  or  presume  to  be  fraudulent  all  Sales  of  real 
property,  houses,  or  Slaves  (the  last  particularly)  :  Com- 
mercial contracts  entered  into,  monies  paid  (except  notes 
at  order  or  other  negociable  notes),  or  judgments  ob- 
tained ten  days  previous  to  a  failure.  This  may  indeed 
tend  in  Some  degree  to  the  prevention  of  fraud,  but  I 
must  fear  their  operation  will  prove  often  injurious  to 


230  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

many  Citizens  as  well  of  this  as  of  the  Western  States 
and  Territories,  who  trade  annually  to  New  Orleans,  and 
who  are  in  the  habit  of  buying  and  selling  upon  the  best 
terms  without  enquiring  as  to  the  solvency  of  those  with 
whom  they  traffic. 

There  is  another  objection  to  the  Bill  I  cannot  omit  to 
state;  no  provision  is  made  for  the  temporary  support 
of  the  fair  trader  and  his  family  while  the  whole  of  his 
Property  is  under  Seizure,  and  during  the  period  he  is 
Sueing  for  a  discharge — a  provision  strongly  recom- 
mended by  every  principle  of  equity  of  humanity.  And 
Lastly  Gentlemen,  the  rigour  of  the  Law  generally, 
seems  to  me  to  be  the  more  exceptionable,  since  the  Bank- 
rupt gains  nothing  in  the  end,  but  an  exemption  from  im- 
prisonment, for  if  his  Estate  is  not  sufficient  to  pay  all 
his  debts,  the  law  holds  responsible  for  the  residue  such 
property  as  he  may  thereafter  acquire.  Do  me  the  Jus- 
tice, Gentlemen,  to  believe  that  no  individual  is  more  so- 
licitous than  I  am  to  introduce  into  this  Territory  some 
efficient  system  of  Bankruptcy.  I  am  very  sensible  of  the 
defects  of  the  one  now  in  use,  and  am  inclined  to  believe 
that  its  facilities  have  in  many  instances  been  made  sub- 
servient to  the  purposes  of  fraud.  I  noticed  with  pleas- 
ure that  the  attention  of  the  Legislature  had  been  drawn 
to  the  subject,  and  1  have  sincerely  to  regret  that  a  dif- 
ference in  opinion,  should  have  arisen  as  to  the  measure 
proper  to  be  adopted. 
X.  Orleans  30  April,  Sigd.  AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


By  William  C.  C.  Claiborne  Governor  of  the  Territory 

of  Orleans. 

Whereas  by  an  Act  of  the  Legislature  of  the  Territory 
of  Orleans,  "p]ntitled  an  Act  to  incorporate  the  Bank  of 
Orleans",  it  is  declared  that  Subscriptions  shall  be 
opened  on  the  fifteenth  day  of  the  present  Month,  May. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBOKSTE.  231 

under  the  Superintendence  of  such  persons  as  shall  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor  of  the  Territory,  and  not  being 
less  than  three,  which  said  subscription  shall  be  continued 
open  until  the  whole  of  the  Capital  Stock  of  said  Bank 
shall  be  subscribed.  Now  therefore  be  it  known,  That  I 
William  C.  C.  Claiborne  Governor  as  aforesaid ;  Do  nomi- 
nate and  appoint  as  Commissioners  under  the  Act  afore- 
said. Benjamin  Morgan,  David  Olivier,  Thomas  Pore, 
William  Kenner,  Denis  Laronde,  Anty.  Cavalier  Junr. 
John  C.  Wederstrandt  Joseph  McNeil,  John  M :  Fortier, 
R.  D.  Shepherd,  and  Bartholomew  Macarty.  and  I  do 
authorize  them,  or  any  three  or  more  of  them,  to  as- 
semble at  the  Commercial  Coffee  House  on  the  fifteenth 
day  of  the  Present  Month,  (May)  at  the  hour  of  Ten  in 
the  forenoon,  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  Subscriptions 
as  aforesaid,  and  to  continue  the  Books  open  after  the 
fifteenth  day  of  the  present  Month,  May,  at  such  place 
as  may  be  considered  proper  by  the  acting  Commission- 
ers, giving  public  notice  thereof,  and  I  do  further  au- 
thorize them  to  perform  all  and  Singular  the  Duties,  re- 
quired of  them,  under  the  act  "to  Incorporate  the  Bank 
of  Orleans. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  the  Seal  of  the  Territory  at 
New  Orleans  on  the  3rd  day  of  May  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord.     One  Thousand  Eight  hundred  &  Eleven. 
Seal  signed,     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 


Private  New  Orleans  May  3.  1811 

The  Rouble.  Mr.  Hamilton  Secy,  of  the  Navy. 

My  dear  Sir, 

The  Newspapers  have  advised  us  here  of  a  change  in 
the  Cabinet;  thro'  the  same  medium  we  are  told  of  fur- 
ther changes,  but  I  know  not,  what  degree  of  Credit  is 


232  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

due  these  reports.      Permit  me  to  hope,  my  dear  Sir, 

that    the    Conjectures    of ,    as    to    your 

speedy  retirement  is  unfounded.  Devoted  as  I  am  to 
the  administration  and  to  Republicanism,  1  see  with  pain 
the  smallest  symptoms  of  division,  and  among  your  many 
friends  there  is  not  one,  who  would  more  sincerely  re- 
gret any  event  that  would  tend  to  deprive  the  Nation  of 
your  public  services.  I  do  not  understand,  that  a  change 
of  affairs  at  Mobile  is  likely  to  take  place ;  I  fear  the  ad- 
ministration attached  more  importance  to  the  propos- 
tions  of  Governor  Folch,  than  they  deserved,  and  gave 
him  Credit  for  a  greater  share  of  good  faith  and  sin- 
cerity than  he  possesses.  The  Mission  of 

has  my  best  wishes;  but  I  fear  it  will  be  of  no  avail,  my 
opinion  is,  that  the  Bayonet  alone  will  put  us  in  posses- 
sion of  Mobile  and  of  East  Florida  and  that  tin1  sooner 
it  is  resorted  to,  the  better. 

The  Territorial  Legislature  adjourned  two  days  since, 
much  dissatisfied  with  the  Executive  for  having  rejected 
a  favorite  Bankrupt  System.  This  Act  of  mine  affects 
materially  for  the  present  my  popularity  with  the  freiich 
part  of  this  Community;  Hut  it  gives  me  no  Concern— 
there  was  ill  truth,  no  alternative.  The  System  was  a 
Compilation  of  French  and  Spanish  Law;  opposed  to  the 
Spirit  the  genious  of  American  jurisprudence,  and  in  my 
Judgment,  could  not  fail  to  prove  oppressive  to  the  fail' 
Trader;  Under  these  impressions,  if  every  man,  Woman 
and  Child  in  the  Territory,  had  desired  its  passage,  I 
nevertheless  would  with  pleasure  have  rejected  it.  Thf 
last  accounts  from  the  interior  of  .Mexico  were  unfavor- 
able to  tin-  Revolutionists:  their  Chief  (the  Pries  Hidal- 
go) had  been  betrayed,  and  delivered  up  to  the  par- 
tisans of  the  Vice  Roy.  The  Public  Sympathies  in  Mex- 
ico are  (I  learn )  greatly  on  the  side  of  the  Revolutionists, 
P>ut  they  are  for  the  most  part  without  arms,  aii't  their 
Leaders  are  so  deficient  in  judgment  and  prudence.  iu;it 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        233 

their  Cause  is  dispaired  of.  I  had  anticipated  the  pleas- 
ure of  visiting  Washington  in  the  course  of  the  Summer ; 
But  the  state  of  things  will  not  I  fear,  admit  of  my  ab- 
sence from  the  Territory.  The has 

obtained  permission  to  repair  to  the  U.  States,  &  will 
very  soon  take  his  departure.  The  Territory  therefore 
cannot  be  left  without  either  Secretary  or  Governor,  and 
I  must  of  course  remain  at  my  Post. 

You  will  find an  entilligent,  agreeable 

Man,  and  entitled  to  your  friendly  Civilities — with  me 
however  he  is  not  on  Terms — his  course  and  mine  as  re- 
gards local  politicks  has  not  been  in  unison,  and  he  is 

my  enemy  personal  and  political;  his  friend , 

a  purser  in  the  navy  who  will  probably  accompany  him, 
is  alike  hostile  to  me.  I  hope  our  friends  in  the  white 
house  are  in  the  enjoyment  of  health  and  happiness,  my 
best  wishes  will  always  attend  them.  It  is  said  here, 
that  the  Minister  from  the  Emperor  of  the  Russia's, 
makes  visits  other  than  official  and  that  he  is  well  re- 
ceived by  the  amaible  personage  to  whom  his  attentions 
are  directed.  You  will  agree,  that  a  rival  of  such  respec- 
table standing,  public  as  well  as  private,  is  calculated  to 
excite  apprehension. 

I  pray  You  to  present  me  with  Respect  and  affection 
to     ....     and  to  your  amaible  Daughters. 

I  am  Dr.  Sir, 

Your  faithful  friend 
The  Honble.  Sigd.     W.  C.  C.  Claiborno 


To  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

Xcw  Orleans  May  Oth  181.1. 
Sir, 

Having  observed  in  the  Law,  making  Appropriations 
for  the  support  of  Government  for  the  year  1S11,  as  pub- 
lished in  the  Newspapers,  an  Appropriation  of  two 


234  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty  Dollars  for  Contin- 
gent expences  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans,  including  the 
Sum  of  one  thousand  dollars,  for  a  dificiency  in  the  ap- 
propriation for  the  past  year,  I  have  this  day  drawn 
upon  you,  for  fourteen  hundred  Dollars  payable  at  ten 
days  sight  to  Thomas  II.  Williams,  Collector  or  order, 
my  Accounts  &  Vouchers  shall  be  forwarded  at  the  end 
of  the  quarter.  I  am  Sir 
The  Honble.  With  great  respect 

Mr.  Gallatin  Your  mo:  ob:  Sev. 

(sigd.)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


William  C.  C.  Claiborne,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of 
Orleans. 

To  the  Sheriff  of  the  first  Superior  Court  District. 

William  Bradford  now  in  Confinement  in  the  Joal  of 
this  City,  Charged  with  a  Felony  Committed  within  the 
Mississippi  Territory  having  been  demanded  according 
to  Law  by  the  Governor  of  the  Mississippi  Territory, 
who  at  the  same  time  transmitted  to  me  certain  affidav- 
its going  to  prove  the  guilt  of  the  accused,  You  are  here- 
by required  to  deliver  the  person  of  the  said  Win.  Brad- 
ford to  the  bearer  of  this  Warrant,  Thomas  Torrence 
under  whose  care,  lie  will  be  Conveyed  to  the  Mississippi 
Territory,  and  there  dealt  with,  as  the  Laws  of  said 
Territory  shall  prescribe. 

(liven  under  my  hand  and  the  Seal  of  the  Territory, 
at  X:  Orleans  on  the  9th  of  May  1811. 

(Signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       235 

Private 

Note:     The  following  Letter  was  omitted  in  its  proper 
place  to  General  Wilkinson. 

New  York  Sept.  24th  1810 
Dear  Sir, 

A  few  days  since;  at  the  moment  of  my  departure 
from  Boston,  I  received  your  Letters  of  the  Instant,  & 
should  immediately  have  answered  them,  had  not  the 
News  Papers  announced  your  arrival  in  Rhod  Island, 
which  I  thought  was  probably  Correct,  and  where  I  had 
expected  to  see  you. 

My  Answers  to  the  Queries  you  addressed  to  me, 
were  committed  to  writing,  previous  to  my  departure 
from  Washington,  but  by  an  inadvertance,  which  I  re- 
gret, instead  of  being  sent  you,  were  placed  in  a  packet 
of  papers,  which  I  brought  with  me;  These  Answers,  I 
now  enclose  £  will  I  hope  reach  you  in  due  time.  The 
News  from  France  has  produced  much  bustle  among  the 
Merchants,  and  great  astonishment  among  the  Politi- 
cians; What  course  England  may  now  pursue,  becomes 
a  question  of  great  importance,  on  that  Course  I  suspect, 
peace  or  War  depends.  If  the  orders  in  Counsel  are  not 
revoked,  and  the  paper  Blockades  abandoned,  I  do  not 
see,  how  the  U :  States  can  longer  avoid  a  Resort  to  the 
"unprofitable  experiment,  of  seeing  which  power  can  do 
the  other  the  greatest  harm".  I  leave  this  in  two  days, 
&  shall  be  at  Washington  on  the  2d  or  3d  of  October. 

I  am  Dr.  Sir, 

With  great  Regard 
Your  mo :  ob :  hm :  Servt. 
(Sigd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

P.  S.     I  really  do  not  recollect  whether  or  not 

accompanyed  us,  on  our  Visit  to  Torre  aux  Boeuf —  my 


236  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

impression  has  been,  that  he  was  not  of  the  party,  but  I 
am  by  no  means  Certain. 

Genl.  Wilkinson  (sigd.)     W.  C.  C.  C. 

Washington  City. 


To  Genl.  James  Wilkinson. 

Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  14th  of  July,  has  been  received, 
and  I  now  answer  the  Queries  addressed  to  me  in  the 
order  you  have  placed  them! 

1st.  I  was  advised  in  the  year  1805,  by  letters  from 
several  of  my  friends  in  Tennessee,  that  at  the  Congres- 
sional Election,  then  next  ensuing,  A.  Burr  would  prob- 
ably be  a  Candidate  for  the  Cumbeerland  District. 
2nd.  I  was  also  informed  that  Burr  &  Clarke  were 
desirous  to  effect  my  removal  from  office,  &  to  obtain  the 
nomination  of  one  of  them  as  my  Successor. 
3rd  A  Gentleman  residing  at  New  Orleans  did  state  to 
me  some  time  in  the  winter  of  1806.,  7.  that  Burr  had 
been  contemplated  as  the  Delegate  to  Congress  from  the 
Orleans  Territory;  but  that  at  the  meeting  of  the  Ter- 
ritorial Legislature,  he  was  absent,  &  it  was  thought  best 
not  to  propose  him. 

4th.       You  did  appear  to  me  Solicitous  to  Select  an  eli- 
gible position  for  the  encampment  of  the  Troops. 
5th.       Gal  vex.    Town    was    "first    spoken    of"    and    was 
abandoned,  as  I  understood  at  the  same  for  the  reason 
you  suggest. 

6th.     Mr ..supports  an  amiable  Character; 

he  is  etseemed  a  man  of  honor,  and  a  worthy  member 
of  Society.     T  am  Sir, 

Very  Respectfully, 

Genl.  Jas.  Wilkinson  Your  Hum:  Servt. 

Washington  Citv  fsiird.)      Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        237 

To   Messrs.   Felix   Arnaud;   Michael  Fortier;   Francis 

Caissergues;  Richd.  Butler,  Robert  Dow,  J.  D. 

Belchasse, 

Circular 

New  Orleans  12th  May  1811 
Sir, 

Desirous  to  avail  the  Public  of  your  Services  as  a 
Member  of  the  Council  of  Administration  of  the  Char- 
ity Hospital  of  New  Orleans,  I  have  the  honor  to  Enclose 
you  a  Commission  and  to  Subscribe  myself. 

Very  Respectfully 

Your  mo:  ob:  Servt. 
(Sigd.)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  James  MatJier 

New  Orleans  13th  May  1811 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you,  that  I  have  nom- 
inated and  appointed  on  my  part  Messrs.  Robert  Dow, 
Michael  Fortier,  Francis  Cassergues,  Richard  Butler, 
J.  D.  Belchasse,  and  Felix  Arnaud,  Members  of  the 
Council  of  administration  of  the  Charity  Hospital  of 
New  Orleans,  for  12  months  ensuing  the  first  day  of  the 
present  month  May;  you  will  oblige  me,  by  transmitting 
to  me  the  names  of  the  Gentlemen,  who  may  have  been 
appointed  members  of  said  Council  of  administration, 
on  the  part  of  the  City  Council ! 

I  am,  Sir, 

The  Honble.  With  great  respect 

Mr.  Mather  Mayor  of      Your  mo :  ob :  Hble.  Serv. 
New  Orleans  sigd.     Willm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


238  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

The  Honble.  New  Orleans  May  13th  1811 

Mr.  Duval 

Comptroller  of  the  Treasury 

Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  Receipt  of  your 
Letter  of  the  3rd  of  April,  and  to  inform  you,  that  the 
papers  it  enclosed  have  been  forwarded  to  Woodson 
"VVrenn  Esqre.  the  Collector  of  the  District  of  Teche. 

I  am,  Sir, 

AYith  great  respect 
Your  mo:  ob:  Humble  Serv. 

(sigd.)     AA^.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Woodson  Wrenn 

New  Orleans  May  13.  1811 
Collector  of  the  District 

of  Teche. 
Sir, 

By  Col:  Declouet,  I  transmitted  you,  the  President's 
Commission,  appointing  you  Collector  for  the  District  of 
Teche ;  and  I  now  enclose  you  a  packet  from  the  Honble. 
Grabriel  Duval  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury,  which  was 
forwarded  to  my  care. 

As  to  the  duties  devolving  upon  you,  are  probably 
such,  as  you  have  not  heretofore  been  accustom 'd  to,  it 
may  perhaps  be  prudent  on  you  part  to  pass  a  few  days 
in  this  City,  and  observe  the  manner  of  transacting  busi- 
ness at  the  Custom  house,  under  the  orders  of  Mr.  AYil- 
liams,  the  Collector  of  the  District  of  Orleans.  I  am  Sir, 

Very  Respectfully 
Your  mo :  ob :  humble.  Serv. 
(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        239 

John  Williams  Esqre.       New  Orleans  May  13th  1811. 

Atty.  at  Law:  Knoxville 

Sir, 

I  have  received  your  letter  of  the  26th  of  April  en- 
closing a  Copy  of  a  Deed  of  Conveyance  from  Stockley 
Donelson  to  Robert  Cotton  for  5000  Acres  of  Land,  and 
which  Deed  it  is  alledged  was  proven  before  me  on  the 
13th  of  April  1796.  and  ordered  to  be  registered.  I  have 
no  recollection  of  this  transaction,  or  of  the  persons  of 
Stockley,  Sharp  and  Henry  Bond  two  of  the  Subscrib- 
ing witnesses. 

The  name  of  Lane  is  familiar  to  me ;  I  believe  I  knew 
persons  of  that  name  in  Tennessee;  but  I  have  no  par- 
ticular recollection  of  Jno.  Lane,  or,  his  having  been  ex- 
amined as  a  witness  before  me  in  any  case. 

If  the  acknowledgement  of  the  Deed  in  question,  was 
in  truth  proven  before  me,  the  Copy  which  you  enclose, 
cannot  be  correct,  for  I  certainly  could  not  have  made  a 
mistake  in  spelling  my  own  name.  It  was  I  beleive,  my 
usual  practice  to  write  myself  the  Certificate  of  probate : 
But  this  probably  was  not  invariably  adhered  to:  per- 
haps in  the  present  instance,  the  Certificat  was  prepared 
by  another,  and  in  that  way,  its  language  may  be  ac- 
counted for, —  But  I  must  confess,  that  the  Certificate 
and  more  particularly  the  error  in  the  Signature  have 
raised  in  my  mind  a  Suspicion  that  "all  is  not  right".— 
You  observe  Sir,  that  notice  had  been  served  on  Raw- 
lings  and  Clark,  parties  interested  in  the  Land  conveyed 
by  the  Deed  in  question  to  Cotton,  that  my  deposition 
would  be  taken  at  my  office  in  New  Orleans  on  the  22nd 
of  July  next. 

I  probably  shall  be  absent  from  New  Orleans,  during 
the  whole  of  July,  since  as  well  with  a  view  to  the  pres- 
ervation of  my  health,  as  to  the  discharge  of  my  official 
duties,  I  am  in  the  habit  of  visiting  during  the  summer 
months,  the  interior  Counties  of  the  Territory.  If  you 


240  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

would  name  the  third  Monday  in  November  next,  as  the 
period  for  taking  my  deposition,  I  shall  then  most  prob- 
ably be  at  New  Orleans;  Mr.  James  Mather,  Mayor  of 
New  Orleans,  Laveau  Trudeau  Recorder  of  New  Orleans, 
and  Moreau  Lislet  Judge  of  the  Parish  of  New  Orleans, 
.or  either  of  them  may  be  named  Commissioners. 

I  am  Sir 
With  great  Respect 

Your  ob:  H:  Servt. 
(Signed)  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


Extract  of  a  Private  Letter  from  Governor  Claiborne 
to. — Cesar  Rodney  Esqre. 

New  Orleans  May  14th  1811 

Atty.  Genl.  of  the  U:  States. 
My  dear  Sir, 

I  am  honored  with  the  receipt  of  your  Letter  of  the 
27th  of  March.  The  appointment  of  Mr.  Grymes  af- 
fords me  pleasure;  he  is  a  young  man  of  great  promise, 
and  will  I  trust,  do  well. 

The  Change  in  the  Cabinet  will  be  attended  T  hope, 
with  no  serious  divisions  amoung  our  Republican 
friends.  For  myself  I  sincerely  regret  the  misunder- 
standing which  had  arisen  between  Mr.  Gallatin  and  Mr. 
Smith;  I  have  long  known,  respected  and  esteemed  the 
former  and  I  should  be  wanting  in  Candeur,  were  I  not 
to  add  that  for  Mr.  Smith  also,  I  had  a  .sincere  friend- 
ship, with  Mr.  Monroe  the  present  Secretary  of  State, 
I  have  not  the  honor  of  an  intimate  acquaintance ;  I  how- 
ever doubt  not,  but  lie  will  discharge  with  great  ability 
and  fidelity  the  high  duties  devolving  upon  him.  Some 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        241 

persons  here,  who  boast  of  enjoying  the  entire  Confi- 
dence of  Mr.  Monroe,  are  greatly  hostile  to  me,  and  will, 
I  am  assured,  labour  to  impress  the  new  Minister  un- 
favorably towards  me;  But  I  intertain  no  apprehen- 
sions;—  The  course  which  the  public  Interests  advise, 
and  my  Judgement  approves,  I  shall  firmly  pursue,  rely- 
ing with  Confidence  on  the  Justice  of  the  President. 

I  am  sorry,  that  Mr.  Smith  declined  the  mission  to 
Russia;  It  was  Certainly  a  very  delicate  mode  of  effect- 
ing a  Change  in  the  Department  of  State,  and  one  too, 
that  really  Confered  honor  on  the  retiring  Minister.  I 
hope  and  beleive  the  Report  as  to  further  Changes  in  the 
Cabinet  is  unfounded,  unless  indeed  the  present  Secy. 
at  War  and  Post  Master  General  should  wish  to  be 
otherwise  employed;  As  regards  myself,  there  are  Con- 
siderations that  would  make  it  most  agreeable  to  me  to 
be  called  to  Washington :  But  there  are  Citizens  in  the 
States,  whose  Claims  to  high  Executive  Confidence,  are 
so  superior  to  any  I  could  adduce,  that  I  have  no  expec- 
tation of  filling  the  office  to  which  Rumour  had  attached 
my  name.  I  rejoice  at  the  favorable  change  of  Senti- 
ment in  the  Case  of  General  Wilkinson ;  this  old  Veteran 
has  many  foibles;  But  he  is  no  traitor,  and  in  my  opin- 
ion, a  greatly  injured  and  persecuted  Man.1 

There  is  a  strong  party  here  in  opposition  to  the  ad- 
mission of  this  Territory  into  the  Union  as  a  state;  This 
party  is  composed  of  the  great  Majority  of  the  native 
Citizens  of  the  U.  States,  residing  here,  and  a  few  of  the 
Influential  Creoles;  But  I  beleive,  a  Majority  of  the  In- 
habitants, will  be  pleased  with  the  Change.  I  am 

Your  mo :  ob :  H.  Serv. 
(signed)     Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

1  An  expression  of  opinion  on  the  charges  of  Daniel  Clark. 
V— -16 


242  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  James  Monroe1 

Secy,  of  State.  New  Orleans  May  17th  1811 

Sir, 

The  Judge  of  the  Parish  of  Nachitoches  within  this 
Territory,  writes  me  under  date  of  the  25th  Ult.  that 
"advices  from  Nacogdoches,  (a  Town  in  the  province  of 
Techus)  as  late  as  the  19th  of  April  were  very  favorable 
to  the  Revolutionary  Cause  and  its  ultimate  Success,  was 
at  that  period  deemed  probable";  that  "the  Revolution- 
ists were  still  in  Considerable  force";  and  that  "two 
persons  had  been  appointed  by  them,  to  solicit  a  supply 
of  arms  &  amunition  from  the  Government  of  the  U: 
States. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be 

Your  ob.  Servt. 
(signed)     AV.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Woodson  Wrenn 

Now  Orleans  May  17th  1811. 

Collector  of  the  District  of  Teche. 
Sir, 

I  have  received  your  letter  of  the  8th  Instant.  The 
appointments  confered  upon  you  by  the  (Joneral  Gov- 
ernment are  high  proofs  of  Confidence,  &  I  IVel  pur- 
suaded  you  will  discharge  the  duties  Hereof,  with  Credit 
to  yourself  and  usefulness  to  you  Country.  I  forward- 
ed to  you,  a  few  days  since  by  a  Mi-.  Bryant*  ascending 
to  Attackapas  by  water,  a  packet  from  the  Comptroller 
of  the  Treasury  which  F  hope  will  reach  you  in  Safety. 

T  presume  no  inconvenience  to  the  Public  Interest 
will  result  from  your  remaining  for  a  Short  time  at  your 
present  place  of  residence;  but  I  \vuuld  advis"  your  re- 


Succeodetl  Smith  April  2,  1811. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       243 

moval  to  Nova  Iberia  as  soon  as  your  Convenience  will 
permit. 

I  am  Sir, 

Very  Respectfully 

Your  ob.  H.  Serv. 
signed    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Judge  King 

New  Orleans  May  17th  1811 
Oppelousas. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  have  received  your  Letter  of  the  4th  Instant.  The 
report  of  Mr.  Voorhies's  removal  from  office  is  not  cor- 
rect; But  it  is  true,  that  a  serious  complaint  has  been 
exhibited  against  him  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  Territory, 
and  is  as  follows —  to  wit.  That  Mr.  Voorhies  had  ad- 
vised him  (the  Treasurer)  that  a  Sum  of  public  Money 
was  in  his  possession,  and  awaited  orders  as  to  its  deposi- 
tion ;  That  the  Treasurer  had  instructed  Mr.  Voorhies  to 
pay  the  amount  to  Col.  Wykoff  and  Avhich  instruction 
(without  any  reason  being  assigned  by  Mr.  Voorhies) 
had  not  been  Complyed  with". 

Will  you  do  me  the  favor  to  inform  Mr.  Voorhies  of 
the  nature  of  the  Charge  against  him,  &  to  add,  that  I 
should  be  happy  to  receive  from  him  a  Satisfactory  ex- 
planation. 

I  am  Dear  Sir 

With  respect  &  Esteem 

Your  ob :  H.  Serv. 
(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborno 


244  MISSISSIPPI     TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Commodore  Shaw. 

New  Orleans  May  18th  1811. 
Sir, 

The  bearer  James  Fortune,  under  an  impression  as 
he  says,  that  it  was  in  my  power  to  release  him  from  the 
services,  absented  himself  (without  leave)  a  few  days 
since  from  the  Brig  Siren,  and  has  this  morning  en- 
treated his  discharge.  I  have  advised  James  of  his 
error,  and  on  condition  of  a  promise  on  his  part,  to  dis- 
charge his  duty  (for  the  future)  with  great  fidelity,  I 
have  engaged  to  recommend  him  to  you  Sir,  for  for- 
givenes,  accordingly  I  now  ask  the  favor  of  you,  (If  it 
be  consistent  with  the  Rules  of  Service)  to  extend  to 
James  a  pardon  for  the  offense  he  lias  committed.  I  am 

Sir 

Very  Respect. 
Your  oh.  Hum.  Serv. 
siard.    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Mr.  Dnval 

New  Orleans  May  18th  1811. 
Comptroller  of  the  Treasury. 
Sir, 

I  am  honored  with  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the 
20th  April,  and  am  happy  to  learn,  that  my  accounts  in 
relation  to  the  expenses  of  the  Civil  (lovernment  of  Lou- 
isiana, had  been  adjusted  at  the  Treasury,  and  the  sum 
of  200-75  Cents  found  to  be  due  me  from  the  U.  States. 
Will  you  do  me  the  favor  Sir,  to  inform  me  the  State  of 
my  accounts  for  the  Contingent  expenses  of  the  Execu- 
tive Government  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans;  previous 
to  my  departure  from  Washington,  these  accounts  had  I 
beleive  been  all  examined,  and  the  only  obstacled  to  a 
final  Settlement  were,  the  suspension  or  rejection  of 
some  Items,  probably  to  the  amount  of  three  or  four 
hundred  Dollars,  and  the  dificiency  in  the  Appropriation 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        245 

to  Cover  my  expenses  for  the  first  quarter  of  the  year 
1810.  This  latter  obstacle  is  now  removed;  Congress 
having  appropriated  $1,000.  to  meet  that  deficiency  as  ap- 
pears from  the  appropriation  Law  for  the  year  1811,  as 
published  in  the  News  Papers. 

I  am  Sir, 
With  great  Respect 

Your  mo.  ob.  Servt. 
Sigd.    Win.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Benjamin  Romans 

New  Orleans  May  18th  1811. 
Sir, 

I  am  honored  with  the  receipt  of  your  Letter  of  the 
24th  of  March  last,  Covering  a  Resolution  of  the  Legis- 
lative authorities  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachu- 
setts. Copies  of  the  Stature  Laws  of  Massachusetts  will 
be  very  acceptable  to  the  Government  of  this  Territory 
and  on  its  part,  the  proposed  exchange  will  with  pleas- 
ure be  complied  with.  The  most  direct,  and  eligible 
mode  of  conveyance  Avill  be  by  some  Vessel  coming  di- 
rect from  Boston  to  New  Orleans,  and  the  commercial 
intercourse  between  these  Cities  is  becoming  so  consid- 
erable, that  opportunities  of  this  Kind  frequently  occur., 

I  am  Sir, 

The  Honble.  With  great  respect 

Benjamin  Homans  Your  mo:  ob:  H.  Servt. 

Secy,  of  the  Commonwealth          Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
of  Massachusetts. 


To  Paul  Hamilton 

Secretary  of  the  Navy.        New  Orleans  18th  May  1811. 
My  dear  Sir, 

I  have  received  the  letters  you  were  good  enough  to 
write  me  by  Mr.  Thornton,  of  the  Marine  Corps.  Mr. 
Shields  the  newly  appointed  Purser  in  this  Station  has 


246  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

not  reached  New  Orleans;  I  am  the  more  Solicitous  for 
his  arrival  from  a  desire  to  receive  the  very  interesting 
communication  of  which  he  is  the  Bearer.  Sincerely  do 
I  wish  to  visit  Washington,  and  were  it  in  my  power, 
would  gladly  fix  my  permanent  residence  in  its  vicinity. 
But  the  Secretary  of  the  Territory  availing  himself  of 
his  leave  of  absence,  takes  his  departure  on  tomorrow, 
and  I  am  destined  to  pass  the  ensuing  Summer  in  this 
inhospitable  Climate.  Genl.  Hampton  left  this  a  few 
days  since,  and  will  be  with  you,  previous  to  the  4th  of 
July  next.  The  Genl.  gave  me  the  perusal  of  your  let- 
ter to  him  under  date  of  the  4th  of  April.  It  tends  to 
highten  my  regret  at  Mr.  Smith's  refusal  of  the  mission 
to  Russia ;  I  have  sincere  regard  for  Mr.  Smith,  and  wish 
his  prosperity  in  life;  The  offer  of  that  embassy  was 
certainly  evidence  of  the  continued  Confidence,  and 
friendly  disposition  of  the  President  towards  him,  and 
at  the  present  Crisis  of  the  affairs  of  the  World,  I  do 
not  know  a  more  important  Trust.  I  may  indeed  be 
mistaken;  but  it  seems  to  me,  the  peace  of  the  Continent 
cannot  long  be  preserved. 

The  Emperor  Alexander  must  see  with  pain  the  as- 
cendency of  Bonaparte  in  the  Councils  of  Sweden  and 
Denmark,  nor  can  the  growing  intimacy  between  France 
and  Austria  fail  to  awaken  the  Jealousy  and  excite  the 
fears  of  every  faithful  Russian.  The  successful  resist- 
ance of  Spain  must  tend  to  revive  the  Spirits  and  the 
hopes  of  Subjugated  Nations;  The  crisis  is  indeed  im- 
portant, and  many  circumstances  seem  to  me  to  favor 
the  formation  of  another  Coalition.  In  such  Coalition, 
the  Emperor  of  Russia  will  be  the  rallying  point,  and  to 
an  American  Minister  near  him,  a  fine  field  would  be 
presented  for  a  display  of  Talents,  address,  and  patrio- 
tism. 

I  feel  sensibly  the  very  difficult  situation  in  which 
Mr.  Madison  is  placed;  But  I  am  fully  pursuaded,  that 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        247 

his  wisdom,  firmness  and  virtues    will    insure    him   the 
support  of  a  grateful  Country. 

As  to  the  Course  of  Congress,  our  opinions  are  in 
unison.  That  body  is  too  much  influenced  by  young 
Men.  Little  importance  is  attached  to  the  suggestions 
of  experience,  and  even  Boys  will  presume  to  question 
the  motives  of  our  good  old  patriarchs,  and  to  ridicule 
measures,  which  a  Jefferson,  a  Madison,  or  a  Clinton 
would  advise.  It  was  not  so  in  Rome,  when  that  Repub- 
lic was  in  the  Meridian  of  its  Splendour.  In  the  hour  of 
difficulty,  the  opinions  of  her  most  experienced  Citizens 
were  sought  and  adopted;  The  respect  for  age,  was 
among  the  first  principles  instil 'ed  into  the  minds  of  the 
Roman  youth,  and  they  were  taught  to  beleive,  that  there 
was  safety  in  the  Councils  of  aged  and  long-tried  pa- 
triots. I  fear  the  Revolutionists  in  Mexico,  will  not  be 
successful ;  It  seems  to  be  true,  that  Hidalgo,  and  several 
other  of  their  Chiefs  are  in  Captivity.  Folch  has  receiv- 
ed a  remittance  of  fifty  thousand  Dollrs.  from  Vera 
Cruix,  and  is  in  expectation  of  a  much  larger  sum,  in  the 
course  of  a  few  days :  such  is  the  report  and  it  is  added 
too,  that  throe  Regiments  of  regular  Troops  were  about 
embarking  at  Le  vera  Cruix  for  Pensacola :  This  is  high- 
ly improbable;1  But  I  should  not  be  surprised  if  an  Eng- 
lish force  should  occupy  Pensacola  in  the  Course  of  the 
Summer.  Govr.  Folch 's  overtures  to  our  Government 
the  past  year  were  deceptive;  they  were  not  made  (I  am 
confident)  with  good  faith,  and  were  intended  to  deceive; 
The  Mission  of  Messrs.  Mathews  &  McKee  will  do  no 
good ;  The  Bayonet  must  at  last  be  the  Negociator.  The 
Navy  on  this  Station  does  credit  to  the  Commanding  Of- 
ficers ;  The  Vessels  are  for  the  most  part  in  fine  order, 
and  the  officers  are  made  to  do  their  duty.  Our  local 
parties  are  not  so  violent  as  formerly;  But  nevertheless 

1  The  Spanish  menace  again. 


248  MISSISSIPPI     TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

there  is  a  groat  want  of  Union  among  the  Native  Ameri- 
cans, and  more  particularly  among  the  higher  officers  of 
the  Civil  Govermt.  of  the  Territory.  Clark's  influence 
is  nearly  at  an  end,  &  he  is  preparing  to  depart  from  the 
Territory ;  His  Man  Powers  represents  him  to  be  unprin- 
cipled, and  may  probably  expose  to  the  public  more  of  his 
Corrupt  course,  than  has  yet  been  brought  to  light  by 
Genl.  Wilkinson. 

My  little  Son  is  now  with  me;  he  enjoys  good  health 
and  promises  to  do  well;  I  could  wish  to  live  to  rear  him 
up  in  the  paths  of  virtue,  and  my  prayer  to  Heaven  will 
be  accomplished,  if  at  some  future  day,  his  Integrity, 
Talents  and  attachment  to  Civil  &  religious  Liberty, 
sholuld  recommend  him  to  the  Patronage  of  his  Country. 

Present  me  respectfully  to  Mrs.  Hamilton  and  to  your 
aimable  Daughters.    &  beleive  me  to  be.    Dear  Sir, 
The  Honble.  Your  faithful  friend 

Mr.  Hamilton  signed        AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

Secy,  of  the  Navy. 


To  Abner  L.  Duncan 

New  Orleans  New  Orleans  21  st  May  1811. 

Dear  Sir, 

Having  understood,  that  in  a  Criminal  prosecution 
now  depending  before  the  Superior  Court  for  the  first 
District,  Mr.  John  Grymes,  the  Gentleman  representing 
the  Atty.  General,  has  been  employed  in  behalf  of  the  ac- 
cused, I  have  to  ask  of  you  the  favor  in  this  particular 
Case,  to  appear  in  behalf  of  the  Territory.  Mr.  John 
Grymes  will  point  out  to  you  the  particular  case  I  allude 
to,  &  your  Compliance  with  my  request  will  serve  the 
public  &  oblige. 

Your  friende 

Signed  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  \V.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       249 

John  Grymes  Esqr.  New  Orleans  21st  May  1811. 

Atty.  at  Law, 

Sir, 

The  members  of  the  Council  of  Administration  of  the 
Charity  Hospital  of  New  Orleans,  will  assemble  on  this 
day  at  10  o Clock.  We  shall  need  the  advice  and  official 
aid  of  the  Attorney  General  to  carry  into  effect,  a  Law 
of  the  Legislature,  relative  to  the  Hospital,  and  I  have 
therefore  to  request  that  you  would  be  good  enough  to 
attend  the  meeting. 

I  am  Sir, 

With  great  respect 
Your  mo :  ob :  Hum.  Servt. 
(signed)     Win.  C.  C.  Claibornc 


To  the  Post-Master  at  Fort  Stoddart. 

New  Orleans  1st  May  1811 
Sir, 

Will  you  be  good  enough  to  forward  the  enclosed  Let- 
ter to  Mrs.  Hargrave;  It  is  from  her  husband,  now  in 
confinement  at  Havana,  and  its  early  reception,  will  no 
doubt  afford  sincere  satisfaction  to  that  distressed  Wo- 
man. 

On  the  8th  of  May  Hargrave  and  his  Companions  in 
misfortune  were  well ;  It  is  not  understood,  that  they  are 
rigorously  treated;  on  the  contrary,  it  is  stated,  that 
they  are  as  Comfortable  in  their  Prison,  as  circumstances 
will  permit.  I  cannot  say,  what  will  be  the  fate  of  these 
unfortunate  men;  perhaps  they  may  experience  a  long 
confinement.  But  I  have  great  reason  to  believe,  they 
will  ultimately  be  released ; 

I  am  Sir, 

Very  Eespectfully 
Your  mo :  ob :  II.  Servt. 
Sigd.     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


250  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

The  Honble.  Mr.  Eustis  Secy,  at  War. 
Sir  New  Orleans  23d  May  1811. 

I  have  before  me,  your  letter  of  the  25th  Ultimo,  ac- 
knowledging the  receipt  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States  of  the  Memorial  of  the  Legislative  Council  and 
House  of  Representatives  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans, 
which  solicited  an  increase  of  the  Military  force  at  this 
Post. 

The  Plan  you  Suggest  for  raising  and  maintaining 
the  force  desired,  shall  be  made  the  subject  of  my  own 
reflection,  and  of  enquiry  of  those  Citizens,  whose  opin- 
ions deserve  respect,  and  the  result,  I  will  do  myself  the 
honor  to  communicate  to  you,  by  the  ensuing  Mail. 

I  am  Sir, 

With  great  respect 

Your  mo.  ob.  servt. 
(sigd.)     Wm.  C.  C.  Claibornc 


The  Honble.  Mr.  Eustis  Sec)/,  at  War. 
Dear  Sir?  New  Orleans  23d  May  1811. 

Will  you  do  me  the  favor  to  recommend  to  the  patron- 
age of  the  President,  Mr.  Soniat  Dufossat  Junr.  a  young 
Gentleman  of  this  Territory  who  is  Solicitous  to  enter 
the  Army  of  the  United  States.  Mr.  Soniat  Dufossat 
is  about  20  years  of  age;  his  person  is  agreeable-  and  his 
disposition  and  Deportment  very  amaiblo;  he  speaks  the 
French,  Spanish  &  English  languages,  is  a  native  of 
Louisiana  &  the  Son  of  a  Citizen  as  generally  esteemed 
as  any  inhabitants  of  the  Territory. 

Mr.  Dufossat  is  not  partial  to  any  particular  Corps, 
but  being  at  present  wholly  unoccupied  it  would  be  alike 
agreeable  to  him,  £  to  his  father  (whose  wishes  on  the 
occasion  I  have  Consulted)  that  he  should  be  early  em- 
ployed— perhaps  there  may  at  this  time  be  a  vacancy  for 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        251 

an  Ensign  or  a  Second  Lieutenant  in  some  of  the  Ar- 
tillery or  infantry  Companies  stationed  in  this  or  the  ad- 
joining Territory;  in  that  event,  I  should  really  be  grati- 
fied if  young  Duf  ossat  should  fill  the  vacancy ;  to  his  other 
good  qualities  he  adds  a  high  sence  of  honor,  and  an 
ardent  attachment  to  the  U :  States.  I  am  persuaded  he 
will  make  an  excellent  officer. 

I  am  Dear  Sir, 
With  great  respect  &  Sincere  Esteem 

Your  mo.  ob.  Serv. 
(Signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


The  Horible.  Judge  Goferth 

New  Orleans  24th  May  1811. 
Dr.  Sir, 

I  enclose  you  a  Commission  for  Mr.  Kerr,  as  Sheriff 
of  the  Parish  of  the  Laf  ourch ;  you  will  be  pleased  to  ad- 
minister to  him  the  Oaths  of  office,  &  to  receive  the  Se- 
curity required  by  Law.  It  affords  me  pleasure  to  learn 
the  tranquility  which  reigns  in  your  Parish ;  it  is  a  proof 
of  the  honest  Integrity  and  benevolent  views  with  which 
your  official  duties  are  performed. 

With  a  sincere  wish  for  a  Continuation  of  your  Pri- 
vate and  Domestic  happiness. 

I  am  Dr.  Sir 
With  great  respect 

Your  mo :  ob :  Serv. 
(Signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


The  Horible.  Judge  Rhea  St.  Francisville. 

New  Orleans  24th  May  1811. 
Sir, 

Your  letter  of  the  20th  Inst :  reached  me  on  this  morn- 
ing, and  has  been  submitted  to  the  Acting  Attorney  Gen- 
eral, Mr.  John  Grymes  for  his  opinions  and  advice  on 


252  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

the  subject  you  refer  to.  So  soon  as  the  Attorney  Gen- 
eral shall  furnish  me  with  his  opinion,  a  Copy  shall  be 
transmitted  to  you. 

I  am  Sir, 

Your  mo.  obt.  Serv. 
(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


The  Honble.  Mr.  Monroe  Secy,  of  State. 

New  Orleans  18th  May  1811 
Sir, 

I  suspect  the  Intelligence  from  Nachitoches  commu- 
nicated in  my  Letter  of  yesterday  will  prove  incorrect; 
a  Gentleman  attached  to  the  Spanisli  Service,  has  just 
informed  me,  that  official  information  had  been  received 
of  the  Capture  of  Hidalgo  and  several  other  Chiefs  of 
the  Revolutionists.  My  informant  added,  that  among 
the  papers  of  Hidalgo,  were  found  certain  propositions 
made  by  him  to  the  President,  and  which  circumstance 
has  excited  among  the  Spanish  Agents  in  Mexico  much 
Jealousy  of,  and  some  ill-will  towards  the  United  States. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  Sir, 
With  great  Respect 

Your  mo.  obt.  Servt. 
AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


The  Reverend  Father  St.  Pierre 

New  Orleans  May  24th  1811. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  have  this  moment  received  your  Lotto r  of  the  20th 
Inst :.  Its  contents  deserve  &  shall  receive  my  Attention. 
Some  measures  must  be  taken,  to  diminish  the  number  of 
Vagabond  Indians,  who  infest  our  Settlements,  and  to 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORXE.        253 

punish  those  who  rob  and  trespass  on  the  rights  of  the 
Citizens.  The  United  States  Agent  among  the  Chac- 
taws  shall  be  immediately  written  to  &  urged  to  induce 
the  Chiefs  to  recall  such  of  their  people  as  are  now  in 
this  Territory  and  to  restrain  for  the  futrue,  their  visits 
as  much  as  possible.  I  am  sorry  the  Indian  you  men- 
tion as  having  been  latly  confined  at  Lafourche,  should 
have  escaped  with  impunity,  and  I  also  regret,  that  those 
Indians  suspected  of  having  robbed  the  Church,  should 
not  have  been  pursued  &  overtaken.  The  Militia  will 
I  hope  be  soon  placed  on  a  good  footing;  a  very  excellt. 
Militia  Law  was  passed  by  the  last  Legislature;  it  will 
soon  be  printed,  &  I  hope  the  Militia  will  soon  be  in  a  Sit- 
uation, to  enable  them  at  least  to  prevent  our  Settlement 
from  being  plundered  by  Vagrant  Indians. 

I  regret  that  the  Church  should  bo  despoiled  of  its 
sacred  Vestments :  But  it  is  a  Consolation  to  learn,  that 
so  scariligious  an  act  has  not  been  committed  by  Civil- 
ized Man,  but  by  an  untutored  Indian. 

I  am  Sir, 
With  great  respect 

Your  mo.  obt.  Servt. 
(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


The  Honble.  Mr.  Hamilton  Secy,  of  the  Navy. 

New  Orleans  Ma     24th  1811. 


T)ear 

Your  letter  of  the  1st  Instant  has  this  moment  reached 
me,  all  difficulty  respecting  the  navy  Yard  has  been  re- 
moved, and  of  which  I  did  myself  the  honor  to  inform 
you  by  a  Letter  under  date  of  the  12th  of  April. 

I  am  anxious  to  hear  of  tlie  arrival  of  the  new  Eng- 
lish Minister,  and  still  more  so  to  learn  the  nature  of 
his  propositions;  I  very  much  suspect,  that  the  now  Mis- 
sion, will  ovontnato  in  a  manifestation  of  that  temporis- 
ing, wicanfled,  Corrupt  (&  if  I  may  use  the  expression) 


254  MISSISSIPPI    TERK1TORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Corrupting  Policy  which  has  heretofore  marked  the  con- 
duct of  the  English  Government  towards  the  United 
States ;  A  Policy  solely  designated  to  prevent  the  Ameri- 
can Government  from  abandoning  all  hopes  of  Amicable 
adjustment ;  to  discourage  our  Government  from  resort- 
ing to  war  Measures,  and  to  Create  divisions  among  the 
Citizens  of  the  Unit'd  States.  We  are  perfectly  tran- 
quil in  this  quarter;  in  a  day  or  two,  I  shall  publish  a 
Proclamation  directing  the  election  of  Members  to  the 
Convention,  which  I  presume  will  awaken  the  people 
from  their  present  state  of  apathy,  and  excite  thro 'out 
the  Territory,  a  great  Spirit  of  electioneering. 

I  am  Dear  Sir, 

With  gt.  respt.  &  sincr.  Estm. 
Your  mo.  obt.  Servt. 
(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


Circular 
To  the  Several  Notaries  Public 

New  Orleans  24th  May  1811. 
Sir, 

On  noticing  particularly  the  Notarial  Documents  ex- 
hibited at  my  office,  I  have  observed,  there  was  no  uni- 
form mode  of  recording  the  proofs  offered  by  persons 
claiming  Citizenship  under  the  Louisiana  Convention; 
The  form  use  by  Mr. ;  Lynd  is  the  most  correct,  &  as  it 
is  desirable  to  introduce1  on  this  occasion  a  uniformity  of 
procedure,  /  now  enclose  you  a  Copy  of  Mr.  Lynd's  form 
(with  some  little  alteration  made  by  myself)  and  I  re- 
quest that  it  may  be  adopted  by  the  several  Notaries  Pub- 
lic. 

I  am  Sir, 

Very  TCpspoct fully 

Your  mo :  obt.  Sorv. 
(Si-ncrl)     W.  C.  C1.  Clniborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  \V.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        255 

Private 

Mr.  Latrobe  City  of  Washington. 

New  Orleans  24th  May  1811. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  await  with  great  anxiety  the  arrival  of  the  monu- 
ment, which  you  was  so  good,  as  to  promise  to  have  pre- 
pared at  Washington,  &  to  forward  to  New  Orleans.  The 
Monument  which  was  made  at  Philadelphia  has  arrived, 
&  is  erected  near  the  Remains  of  the  last  Mrs.  Claiborne ; 
I  shall  feel  unhappy,  until  a  like  respect  is  paid  by  me,  to 
the  Remains  of  the  first  Mrs.  Claiborne,  for  these  two 
amiable  Women  were  alike  the  objects  of  my  affection, 
and  I  cherish  the 'same  fond  remembrance  of  each.  I 
have  paid  your  Son  $100  on  account,  &  I  said  to  him  the 
other  day,  that  if  he  wanted  Money,  I  would  advance  him 
a  further  Sum;  Your  Son's  Conduct  in  this  City  has 
been  marked  with  great  prudence,  &  he  has  made  many 
friends.  It  affords  me  pleasure  to  add  that  your  Son's 
propositions  relative  to  watering  the  City,  are  accepted 
by  the  Council,  and  I  sincerely  hope,  this  business  may 
eventuate  to  your  advantage.  I  must  again  repeat  to 
you,  my  solicitude  for  the  arrival  of  the  Monument;  If 
unfortunately  it  should  not  have  been  Commenced ;  or  if 
Commenced,  it  should  not  have  so  far  advanced,  as  to 
promise  a  speady  completion,  I  entreat  that  it  may  din- 
continued,  and  that  you  would  do  me  the  favour,  to  order 
at  Baltimore  a  plain  Monument,  (with  the  inscriptions 
we  had  agreed  on)  &  to  have  it  forwarded  on  to  New  Or- 
leans as  soon  as  possible,  directed  to  the  address  of  Ben- 
jamin Morgan,  Merchant,  who  will  immediately  pay  the 
Costs  and  Charge?.  I  presume  a  plain,  but  neat  Monu- 


256        -  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

ment,  may  be  prepared  at  Baltimore  in  two  Weeks  and 
that  it  would  not  Cost  more  than  250.  or  300  Dollars.  I 
pray  you  to  present  my  best  wishes  to  your  amiable  Lady. 

I  am  Dear  Sir, 
With  Esteem 
Your  mo :  obt.  Servt. 
(sigd.)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  John  Grymex 

Acting  Atty.  Oenl.  New  Orleans  24th  May  1811 

Dear  Sir, 

I  enclose  for  your  perusal  a  Letter  from  Judge  Rhea 
of  the  Parish  Feliciana,  stating  that  it  had  been  made  a 
question  how  far  Justices  of  the  Peace,  were  vested  with 
authority  to  appoint  Constables,  and  I  have  to  request, 
that  you  give  me  an  opinion  in  writinv:  MI  that  point,  as 
soon  as  your  leasure  permits.  I  am  Sir, 

Very  Respectfully 
Your  mo.  obt.  Servt. 
(Signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Benj.  If.  Latrobe 

Private  New  Orleans  2Stli  May  181 1. 

Washington  City. 
Dear  Sir, 

Enclosed  is  Duplicate  Copy  of  my  Letter  of  the  24th 
Inst :  The  Tomb  of  the  first  Mrs.  Claiborne  will  in  a  few 
days  be  encircled  by  a  brick  Wall,  and  every  thing  in 
readiness  to  erect  the  Monument  immediately  on  its  ar- 
rival. I  beg  leave  to  renew  to  you  my  Request  that  in 
the  event,  the  Monument  we  designed  at  Washington, 
should  not  have  been  began,  or  it'  began,  it  should  not 
have  so  far  progressed,  as  to  promise  a  Speedy  Comple- 
tion, it  be  discontinued  altogether,  and  that  you  would  do 
me  the  favour,  to  order  a  plain  but  neat  Monument  to  be 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       257 

constructed  at  Baltimore,  and  to  be  forwarded  on  as  soon 
as  possible  to  New  Orleans.  Present  my  Respects  to 
your  amiable  Lady.  I  am  Dr.  Sir 

With  Esteem 

Your  mo :  ob.  Serv. 
(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  James  Mather 

New  Orleans  29th  May  1811 
Mayor  of  New  Orleans 
Sir, 

I  owe  it  to  the  respect  I  entertain  for  the  Mayor  & 
Council  of  New  Orleans,  to  announce  to  your  Sir,  that 
Mr.  John  Grymes  the  acting  Attorney  General,  has  de- 
livered me  an  opinion  in  writing,  that  the  "Act  contain- 
ing additional  provisions  to  the  Act  to  authorise  the  Cor- 
poration of  New  Orleans  to  Compromise  with  the  Patron 
of  the  Hospital  of  Charity  of  the  said  City,  and  for  other 
purposes"  is  binding  on  the  City  Council,  &  that  it  is 
their  duty  forthwith  to  nominate  on  their  part  three  Ad- 
ministrators of  the  said  Hospital.  The  Attorney  Gen- 
eral further  advices,  in  the  event  of  the  Council's  refus- 
ing to  make  such  nominations,  that  application  be  made 
to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory  for  Compulsory 
process  against  them,  Commonly  called  "a  Mandamus"; 
a  high  Perogative  writ,  which  the  Superior  Court  is 
authorised  by  statute  to  issue,  &  which  where  no  specific 
remedy  is  provided,  is  the  only  means  of  enforcing  the 
execution  of  a  Public  Law,  I  sincerely  hope  however,  that 
the  City  Council,  may  at  their  next  meeting,  reconsider 
the  subject  of  the  Law  in  question,  and  may  adopt  such 
measures,  as  will  supercede  the  necessity  of  any  further 

V— 17 


258  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

proceedings  other  than  the  most  Zealous  exertions  to 
promote  the  welfare  of  an  Institution,  so  greatly  enter- 
esting  to  suffering  humanity. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  Sir, 
With  great  respect  &  Esteem 

Your  mo :  obt.  Serv. 
(sigd.)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  James  Monroe 

New  Orleans  31st  May  1811. 
Secy,  of  State 
Sir, 

Enclosed  is  a  Copy  of  my  Proclamation  directing  the 
election  of  Members  of  the  Convention.  It  is  by  no 
means  certain,  that  the  Convention  will  deem  it  expedi- 
ent to  form  a  Constitution  or  State  Government:  There 
are  many  persons  of  influence  here,  who  do  not  think  the 
people  of  this  Territory  are  yet  prepared  for  self  Gov- 
ernment, and  it  would  not  surprise  me,  if  such  a  senti- 
ment should  prevail  in  the  Convention.  For  myself  how- 
ever I  sincerely  wish,  to  see  this  Territory  organized  as 
a  State  authority,  and  that  too  at  an  early  period,  be- 
cause, I  believe  it  would  tend  to  strengthen  the  Ameri- 
can Union ;  to  place  the  political  destiny  of  Louisiana  be- 
yond the  reach  of  change,  and  to  discourage  Foreign  Na- 
tions and  Domestic  Trators  from  any  further  attempts 
to  alienate  the  affections  of  these  people  from  the  Amer- 
ican Government.1  It  is  very  probable  that  in  manag- 
ing the  affairs  of  the  State  a  great  want  of  political  in- 
formation would  bo  manifested  by  the  Intrigues  of  sev- 
eral unprincipled  little  factions ;  But  the  experience  of  a 
year  or  two  would  remedy  the  first  inconvenience,  and 

1  Claiborne  had  been  slow  in  coming  to  the  conclusion  that  Louis- 
iana should  be  admitted  to  the  Union. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBOKNE.       259 

the  factions  would  I  am  assured  be  soon  put  down,  by  the 
virtuous  part  of  the  Community. 

I  also  have  the  honor  to  transmit  for  your  perusal,  a 
Copy  of  an  Act  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  entittled 
"An  Act  supplementary  to  an  Act  to  institute  an  Uni- 
versity in  the  Territory  of  Orleans",  from  which  you 
will  perceive  the  very  Liberal  patronage  afforded  to  Pub- 
lic Schools.1  The  Bdard  of  Regents  of  the  University 
of  Orleans,  are  now  making  every  exertion  to  carry  into 
effect  the  Patriotic  intentions  of  the  Legislature,  &  I 
persuaded  myself,  that  their  efforts  will  be  attended  with 
success.  I  propose  to  cross  the  Lake  Ponchartrain  in 
the  Course  of  next  week  on  a  visit  to  the  Parishes  of  St.. 
Tammany,  Beloxcy  &  Pascagoula,  with  a  view  of  acquir- 
ing better  knowledge  of  that  Country,  and  of  its  Inhabi- 
tants &  their  Interests;  I  shall  probably  be  absent  from 
New  Orleans  three  Weeks. 

I  am  Sir, 
The  Honble.  With  great  Respect 

Mr.  Monroe  Your  mo :  obt.  Serv. 

Secy,  of  State.          (sigd.)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  William  Eustis 

New  Orleans  May  31st  1811. 
Secretary  of  the  Navy 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  inclose  you  a  Copy  of  the  Militia 
Laws  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans.  You  will  find  the  last 
sufficiently  rigorous,  &  as  far  as  depends  upon  myself 
every  exertion  shall  be  made  to  Carry  its  provisions  in- 
to full  effect. 

But  the  various  description  of  people  which  inhabit 
this  Territory,  the  Contrariety  of  Language  spoken,  & 

1  The  public   school  idea  prevailed  in   the  Southwest  at  this  time,, 
later  it  lost  its  appeal  to  the  large  planting  class. 


260  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

the  dispersed  situation  of  the  Settlements  are  great  ob- 
stacles to  rendering  the  Militia  an  effecient  force.  I  am 
Sir, 

With  great  respect 

Your  mo.  obt.  Serv. 
(signed)     W:  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Lady  Abbess 

New  Orleans  od.  Juno  1811. 
of  the  Ursuline  Convent 
New  Orleans 
Holy  Sister, 

I  communicated  with  promptitude  and  pleasure  to 
the  Honble.  Mr.  Gallatin,  the  Secrety.  of  the  Treasury  of 
the  United  States,  the  wish  you  had  expressed  to  obtain 
possession  (by  purchase  or  otherwise)  of  the  Building, 
at  present  used  as  a  Military  Hospital,  nor  did  I  omit  to 
state,  how  necessary  such  possession  was,  to  the  Con- 
venience of  your  Community,  and  to  that  of  the  female 
Youth,  committed  to  your  care.  I  now  lay  before  you 
Holy  Sister,  a  Copy  of  the  answer  return 'd  by  Mr.  Gal- 
latin from  which  you  will  perceive  the  great  Interest  that 
Minister  takes  in  the  welfare  of  your  Community,  and 
the  respect  paid  by  the  Governmt.  to  your  request.  You 
will  observe,  that  Mr.  Gallatin  suggests  the  expediency 
of  Petitioning  Congress  upon  the  subject,  as  the  most 
regular  mode  of  proceeding,  and  I  take  this  opportunity 
to  say  to  you  Madam,  that  it  would  afford  me  sincere 
satisfaction  not  only  to  be  the  Medium,  of  Conveying 
your  Petition,  but  to  assist  in  Drafting  it. 

I  renew  to  you  Madam,  &  to  your  whole  Community 
the  assurances  of  my  great  respect,  &  Sincere  esteem. 

(Sigd.)     W.  C.  C.  Claibornc 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        261 

A  Proclamation 

By  William  Charles  Cole  Claiborne 
Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans 

Whereas  by  an  Act  of  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  passed  on  the  16th  day  of  Feby.  last, 
the  people  residing  within  certain  prescribed  Limits  of 
the  Territory  of  Orleans,  are  authorised  to  elect  mem- 
bers to  a  Convention,  to  meet  at  the  City  of  New  Orleans, 
on  the  first  Monday  in  November  next;  and  " which  Con- 
vention shall  first  determine  by  the  Majority  of  the  whole 
number  elected,  whether  it  be  expedient  or  not,  at  that 
time  to  form  a  Constitution  or  State  Government  for  the 
people  within  the  said  Territory ;  and  if  it  be  determined 
to  be  expedient,  then,  the  Convention  shall  in  like  man- 
ner declare,  in  behalf  of  the  said  Territory,  that  it  adopts 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

Whereupon  the  said  Convention  shall  be  and  is  auth- 
orized to  adopt  a  Constitution  or  State  Government  for 
the  people  of  said  Territory,"  and  which  Constitution  is 
to  be  transmitted  to  Congress ;  and  if  the  same  be  not  dis- 
approved by  Congress  at  their  next  Session  after  the  re- 
ceipt thereof,  the  said  State  shall  be  admitted  into  the 
union,  upon  the  same  footing  with  the  Original  States." 

And  whereas  by  an  act  of  the  Territorial  Legislature, 
passed  on  the  24th  of  April  last,  providing  for  the  elec- 
tion of  Eepresentatives  to  the  Convention  aforesaid,  it 
is  directed,  "That  the  elections  shall  take  place  on  the 
third  Monday  in  September  next,  and  shall  be  conducted 
in  the  same  manner  as  is  now  provided  ~by  tlie  Laws  of 
this  Territory,  for  electing  members  of  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives." 

Now  therefore  be  it  known,  that  I,  William  Charles 
Cole  Claiborne,  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans,  do, 
in  Conformity  to  the  provision  of  the  Laws  aforesaid, 


262  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

issue  this  my  Proclamation,  hereby  requiring  and  direct- 
ing that  elections  be  holden  at  the  usual  places  of  holding 
elections,  in  the  several  Counties,  on  the  third  Monday  in 
September  next,  and  the  two  following  days,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  electing  forty  five  Representatives  to  the  Con- 
vention as  aforesaid.  "And  that  there  shall  be  returned 
by  the  County  of  Orleans,  twelve  Representatives  to  the 
said  Convention ;  by  the  County  of  German  Coast,  three ; 
by  the  County  of  Acadia,  four;  by  the  County  of  La- 
fourche,  four;  by  the  County  of  Iberville,  three;  by  the 
County  of  Attakapas,  five ;  by  the  County  of  Opellousas, 
four ;  by  the  County  of  Pointe  Coupee,  two ;  by  the  County 
of  Rapide,  three ;  by  the  County  of  Concordia,  two ;  by 
the  County  of  Xatchitoches,  two;  and  by  the  County  of 
Ouachitta,  one ; ' ' 

And  I  do  further  direct  and  require,  that  in  the  sev- 
eral Counties  as  aforesaid,  notice  shall  be  given  of  the 
times  and  places  of  election  for  Representatives  of  the 
Convention ;  that  the  said  elections,  shall,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Parish  Judges  and  other  officers,  be  conducted 
with  the  same  formalities,  and  the  like  returns  made  to 
the  Governor  of  the  Territory,  of  the  person  or  persons, 
that  shall  appear  to  have  been  duly  elected,  as  the  Laws 
enjoin  in  Cases  of  election  of  Representatives  to  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  of  this  Territory:  and  which  will  be  found 
particularly  detailed  in  the  "Act  prescribing  the  formali- 
ties to  be  observed  in  the  election  of  Representatives  of 
the  Territory  of  Orleans,"  passed  on  the  4th  of  June, 
1806;  and  "An  Act  snplementary"  to  the  Act  last  men- 
tioned, passed  on  the  14th  of  April,  1807. 

Given  under  my  hand,  and  the  Seal  of  the  Territory, 
at  New  Orleans,  on  the  30th  of  May,  1811.  --  and  in  the 
35th  year  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States. 
[L.  S.]  Signed     William  C.  0.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        263 

To  the  Officer  Commanding 
the  Fort  at  Plaquemine. 

New  Orleans  5th  June  1811. 
Sir, 

You  will  permit,  the  French  armed  Vessel  La  Fran- 
chise, Captn.  Chevalier  (outward  bound)  to  pass  the 
Fort.  I  am  Sir 

Your  ob.  Serv. 

(Sigd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  John  Grymes 

Acting  Atty.  Genl.  New  Orleans  June  6th  1811 

Sir, 

The  enclosed  Letter  is  submitted  for  your  perusal, 
and  I  request,  that  you  would  apply  (without  delay),  to 
Judge  Hall  for  such  process,  as  you  may  suppose,  the  in- 
formation communicated  by  Major  McRae  may  justify. 
The  La  Franchise  sails  early  on  tomorrow  and  if  a 
Search  should  be  deemed  adviseable,  it  had  best  be  di- 
rected in  this  evening.  Captn.  Humphrys  of  the  Army, 
or  Major  McRae  himself,  can  identify  the  Arms,  which 
La  Franchise  is  represented  to  have  received  at  this 
Port. 

I  am  Sir, 

Very  Respectfully 

Your  obt.  Servt. 
(sigd.)         AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  John  Grymes 

Acting  Atty.  Genl.  New  Orleans  6th  June  1811 

Dear  Sir, 

I  am  sorry  so  often  to  trouble  you ;  But  the  Bearer,  an 
honest  and  ignorant  Justice  of  Peace  in  the  Parish  of 
Beloxy,  is  harrassed  for  an  Act,  which  altho'  not  strictly 


264         .  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Legal,  appears  nevertheless  to  have  been  very  just ;  hear 
his  story  thro'  an  Interpreter,  and  advice  him  for  the 
best ;  If  Justices  of  the  Peace  are  to  be  proceeded  against 
for  every  regularity,  I  shall  very  soon  receive  the  resig- 
nations of  all  in  Commission.  The  poor  Man  informs  me, 
that  Mr.  Ellery  demands  from  him  fifty  Dollars,  and 
promises  to  discontinue  his  process ;  It  is  indeed  a  heavy 
Tax  on  an  honest  act ;  But  if  nothing  better  can  be  done, 
it  may  be  well  to  gratify  Mr.  Ellery.  I  often  see  in- 
stances of  these  poor  people,  being  oppressed  under 
Colour  of  Law,  &  Sincerely  do  I  regret,  that  it  is  not  in 
my  power  to  furnish  a  Corrective. 
I  am  Dear  Sir 

Very  Respectfully 

Your  obt.  Sev. 
(Signed)        AV.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Thomas  H.  Williams 

New  Orleans  June  7th  1811 
Collector  &c 
Sir, 

The  Captain  of  the  French  Privateer  La  Franchise 
is  ordered  by  me,  not  to  depart  from  the  fializc,  until 
twenty  four  hours  after  a  Spanish  Merchantman  called 
Emprendedora,  shall  have  sailed  form  that  place,  and 
Captain  Shaw,  has  given  orders  to  the  Commanding  offi- 
cer of  the  Brig  Viper,  to  cause  my  orders  to  be  obeyed. 
It  is  not  improbable  however  but  the  Viper  may  have 
gone  to  Sea,  and  in  that  event,  will  you  be  pleased  to 
furnish  the  bearer  with  your  instructions  to  the  Com- 
manding officer  of  tlie  Revenue  Cutter  to  take  care,  that 
the  Privateer  be  detained  as  directed.  T  am  Sir, 
"With  groat  respect 

Your  obt.  Servt. 

(Sigd.)        AV.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        265 

To  Albert  Gallatin 

New  Orleans  June  7th  1811. 
Secrety.  of  the  Treasury. 
Sir, 

I  have  had  the  honor  to  transmit  to  the  Lady  Abbess 
of  the  Ursuline  Convent,  a  Copy  of  your  letter  of  the  4th 
of  April,  and  to  suggest,  the  expediency  of  a  petition  to 
Congress,  as  the  most  elegible  means,  that  could  be  adopt- 
ed to  obtain  possession  of  the  building  desired.  That 
course,  the  Lady  Abbess  has  determined  to  pursue ;  In 
the  meantime,  she  requests  me  to  convey  to  you  her  most 
grateful  thanks  for  the  Polite  attention  you  have  paid 
to  her  application,  and  for  the  favorable  opinion  you  are 
pleased  to  express  of  the  Ursulines  of  New  Orleans.  I 
am  Sir, 

Your  obt.  Servt. 
(signed)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Judge  Rhea 

Sir,  New  Orleans  June  6th  1811 

The  enclosed  opinion  of  the  acting  Attorney  General, 
which  has  this  moment  been  delivered  to  me,  is  enclosed 
for  your  perusal. 

I  am  Sir 

Very  Respectfully 
Your  ob.  Servt. 

(sigd.)         "W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


Circular  to  the  Several  Parish  Judges. 

New  Orleans  June  6th  1811. 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  several  Copies  of  my 
Proclamation  relative  to  the  election  of  Members  to  the 
Convention  which  you  will  be  pleased  to  distribute  thro'- 


266  MISSISSIPPI     TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

out  your  Parish.  Having  understood  that  several  Par- 
ish Judges  would  probably  be  Candidates  for  the  Con- 
vention, I  have  to  observe,  that  there  is  certainly  no  in- 
compatibility; But  where  a  Parish  Judge  shall  himself 
be  a  Candidate,  it  may  perhaps  be  more  satisfactory,  that 
he  should  name  some  Justices  of  the  Peace  to  act  in  his 
Place  as  a  Commissioners  of  the  election. 

I  am  Sir, 

Your  mo.  obt.  Servt. 
W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Albert  Gallatin 
Private  New  Orleans  June  7th  1811. 

Secrety.  of  the  Treasury. 
Dear  Sir, 

Your  private  letter  under  date  of  the  3rd  of  May 
reached  me  a  few  days  since. 

The  situation  of  the  young  Gentleman  in  whose  wel- 
far  you  feel  an  Interest,  bacame  an  immediate  object  of 
my  Enquiry's;  he  had  lived  with  Mr.  Benjamin  Morgan 
(to  whom  I  communicated  the  contents  of  your  Letter) 
but  being  dificient  in  education,  and  having  no  partiality 
for  Mercantile  pursuits,  he  left  him  sonic  time  since,  and 
now  resides  with  a  Mr.  Declouct  near  the  English  Turn, 
with  whom  he  is  associated  in  the  profits  of  a  little  Farm, 
a  Brother  of  Mr.  Declouet  was  with  me  on  yesterday, 
and  makes  a  favorable  report  on  the  character  and  De- 
portment of  Mr.  (lallatiu.  lie  represents  him  to  be  ami- 
able, prudent  and  temporate;  but  says  also,  that  his  per- 
sonal Industry  constitutes  his  best  resource;  1  however 
will  endeavour  to  see  him,  and  to  acquire  a  better  Knowl- 
edge of  his  prospects  in  Life,  and  will  write  you  fully. 
In  the  mean  time  you  may  be  assured  of  the  pleasure 
it  will  afford  me,  to  render  this  young  man,  such  services 
as  may  be  in  my  power. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        267 

Mr.  Poidrass  had  not  reached  Pointe  Coupee  at  the 
date  of  my  last  accounts;  but  was  daily  expected;  The 
prospect  of  admission  unto  the  Union,  is  not  cause  of 
General  Satisfaction ;  It  will  meet  with  opposition  in  the 
Convention,  but  I  presume  a  Majority  "will  deem  it  ex- 
pedient to  form  a  Constitution  or  State  Government. ' ' 

It  is  understood  here  that  a  number  of  African  Slaves, 
have  been  introduced  into  the  Town  of  Mobile,  from 
whence  they  will  no  doubt  be  brought  to  the  several  Pa- 
rishes of  this  Territory!  Can  no  means  be  devised,  to 
acquire  possession  of  Mobile.  The  present  state  of 
things  is  greatly  embarrassing:  I  have  never  known  the 
Missippi  as  high  as  at  the  present  moment ;  It  has  broken 
thro '  the  Levee  in  several  places  above  &  below  New  Or- 
leans and  destroyed  the  Crops  of  several  Farmers ;  when 
the  Waters  retire  disease  will  commence,  and  the  ensu- 
ing Season  will  most  probably  be  unusually  unhealthy. 
I  could  wish  it  were  possible  for  me,  to  pass  the  summer 
at  Washington,  or  at  the  Berkley  Springs,  or  some  where 
near  to  Harpers  Ferry.  Remember  me  with  sincere  af- 
fection to  Mrs.  Gallatin. 

I  am  Dr.  Sir 

With  great  respect 

Your  faithful  frd. 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborno 


,    i  '  To  James  Mather 

New  Orleans  June  8th  1811. 
Mayor  of  New  Orleans 
Sir, 

As  the  enclosed  Letter  relates  to  a  Subject  over  which 
the  Corporation  Continues  to  exercise  an  Agency  I  deem 
it  proper  to  submit  it  to  your  perusal. 


268         .  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

May  I  take  this  occasion,  to  enquire  whether  the  City 
Council  have  made  any  late  dispositions  relative  to  the 
Charity  Hospital. 

I  renew  to  you  the  assurances  of  my  respect  and  es- 
teem. 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  James  Monroe 

Secy,  of  State.  New  Orleans  June  7th  1811. 

Sir, 

I  am  honored  w7ith  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the 
9th  Ulto.  enclosing  an  authenticated  Copy  of  "An  Act 
to  enable  the  people  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans  to  form 
a  Constitution  or  State  Government,  and  for  the  admis- 
sion of  such  State  into  the  Union,  on  an  equal  footing 
with  the  original  States." 

No  Public  inconvenience  has  resulted,  from  my  not 
having  been  apprised  officially,  at  an  earlier  period  of 
this  important  Act,  since  the  Territorial  Legislature  act- 
ed on  a  Communication  I  made  them  under  date  of  the 
10th  of  April,  of  which  you  were  informed,  and  my  last 
letter  enclosed  a  Copy  of  my  Proclamation  directing 
elections  of  Kepresentatives  to  the  Convention. 

The  Approbation  which  the  President  has  been  pleas- 
ed to  express  of  my  agency  in  taking  possession  of  Flor- 
ida, and  extending  over  it  the  Government  and  Laws  of 
the  United  States,  affords  me  the  sincerest  satisfaction, 
&  will  render  me  the  more  emulous  to  merit  a  Continu- 
ance of  his  Confidence. 

Mr.  Sibley  and  the  other  Men  who  were  made  pris- 
oners in  AVest  Florida,  by  Governor  Fold),  are  still  in 
confinement  at  Havana:  But  is  is  not  understood,  that 
they  are  treated  witli  more  Rigour,  than  is  essential  to 

1  Art  of  Feby.  20,  1811. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       269 

their  safe  keeping.  The  liberation  of  these  unfortunate 
persons  will  continue  a  favorite  object,  and  I  shall  renew 
my  efforts  in  their  behalf  with  the  greater  Zeal  from  the 
assurance  I  now  have  of  your  Sanction. 

I  have  not  yet  been  enabled  to  set  out  on  my  voyage 
across  the  lake  Pontchartrain ;  but  calculated  on  doing  so, 
in  the  course  of  eight  or  ten  days. 

It  is  reported  &  believed,  that  a  Number  of  African 
Slaves  have  been  introduced  into  the  Town  of  Mobile; 
from  whence,  they  will  no  doubt  be  conveyed  to  the  dif- 
ferent parts  of  this  Territory.  I  wish  some  means  could 
be  devised,  to  obtain  possession  of  Mobile!  the  present 
state  of  things  is  greatly  embarrassing.  There  is  a  small 
tract  of  Country,  lying  between  the  Bay  of  Mobile  and 
the  Perdido,  that  had  been  in  the  possession  of  the  Con- 
ventionalists, and  over  which,  I  have  not  yet  attempted 
to  conf orce  the  Laws  of  the  U :  States. 

But  the  expediency  of  doing  so  is  at  this  time  a  matter 
of  Consideration,  and  of  which  I  shall  be  the  better  en- 
abled to  Judge  when  possessed  of  that  local  knowledge, 
which  I  expect  to  acquire  in  the  course  of  my  voyage, 
it  is  understood,  that  within  the  tract  of  Country  al- 
luded to,  there  are  only  a  few  Inhabitants;  but  by  ex- 
tending over  the  same  the  Laws  of  this  Territory,  the 
Eastern  Bank  of  the  Mobile,  thro 'out  its  whole  course, 
will  be  completely  under  the  Control  of  the  United  States, 
&  Spanish  Agents  at  the  Town  of  Mobile  will  no  longer 
be  enabled  to  offer  embarrassments  to  our  Commerce. 
In  the  event,  that  the  measure  I  contemplate,  should  be 
taken,  it  would  be  advisable,  nay  indispensible  to  occupy 
with  Troops,  some  portion  Eastward  of  the  Mobile  Bay. 
I  am  Sir, 

With  great  respect 

Your  mo :  obt.  Servt. 
(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborno 


270  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Capt.  Swan 

Military  Agent  New  Orleans  10th  June  1811 

New  Orleans. 
Sir, 

In  answer  to  your  letter  of  the  morning,  informing 
me  that  a  Vessel  charged  with  Articles  of  Camp  Equip- 
age &  Ammunition,  for  the  Garrison  of  Fort  Stoddart, 
having  been  stoped  at  the  Fort  of  Mobile  by  the  Spanish 
Commandant,  and  ordered  to  return,  had  arrived  at  the 
Bayou  St.  John  on  the  7th  Inst :,  &  requesting  my  Coun- 
cil &  assistance  as  to  the  mode  of  conveying  these  arti- 
cles and  others  now  in  readiness  for  Fort  Stoddard,  & 
which  are  indispensible,  I  advise  you  to  Charter  with- 
out delay  the  same  or  another  Vessel  &  Commodore 
Shaw,  in  Conformity  to  my  Requisition,  will  give  to  such 
Vessel  a  Safe  Convoy  to  her  place  of  destination. 

I  am  Sir, 

Your  &ca.  &ce. 
W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Commodore  Shaw 

New  Orleans  New  Orleans  10th  June  1811. 

Sir, 

You  will  furnish  such  Vessel  or  Vessels  as  Captn. 
Swan  the  Military  Agent  at  New  Orleans  may  inform 
you  in  writing,  are  charged  with  Military  Stores  for  Fort 
Stoddart,  a  safe  Convoy  to  their  place  of  destination. 
Such  Convoy  has  become  the  more  necessary  from  the 
Circumstance  that  a  Vessel  charged  with  Stores  for  the 
Garrison  of  Fort  Stoddart,  was  recently  stoped  at  the 
Fort  of  Mobile  by  the  Spanish  Commandant: 

To  a  like  detention  at  that  Fort,  or  any  other  Molesta- 
tion, you  will  not  suffer  the  Vessels  under  your  Convoy 
to  be  subjected,  &  to  this  end  you  will  oppose  force  to 
force  always  bearing  in  mind  that  you  Act  on  the  de- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       271 

fensive  only  and  that  you  are  to  be  as  careful  in  avoid- 
ing aggression  as  prompt  in  repelling  any,  that  may  be 
offered  you. 

I  am  Sir, 

Very  Respectfully 
Your  mo :  obt.  Servt. 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  John  Grymes 

Attorney  General  New  Orleans  llth  June  1811 

Sir, 

The  City  Council  persisting  in  their  determination 
not  to  carry  into  effect  on  their  part,  the  act  of  the  Legis- 
lature of  the  25th  of  April  last,  relative  to  the  Charity 
Hospital,  it  becomes  my  duty,  to  resort  to  all  the  means 
in  my  power  to  enforce  the  execution  of  a  public  Law; 
You  are  therefore  enstructed,  to  solicit  on  this  occasion, 
the  immediate  interference  of  the  Supreme  Judiciary. 
The  mode  of  bringing  the  subject  before  the  Court,  will 
be  directed  by  your  own  Judgment,  but  I  must  request 
you  to  press  an  early  decision.  I  am  Sir 
With  great  Respect 

Your  obt.  Servt. 
(Signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Paul  Hamilton 

New  Orleans  llth  June  1811 
Secy,  of  the  Navy 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  Copies  of  Letters, 
which  passed  on  yesterday  between  the  Military  Agent, 
Commodore  Shaw  and  myself.  The  right  of  the  Span- 
ish Commandant  at  Mobile,  to  exercise  the  smallest  Con- 
troul  over  American  Vessels  navigating  the  Mobile,  could 


272  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

not  (under  existing  Circumstances)  be  acquiesced  in, 
and  I  deem'd  it  a  duty,  to  give  to  the  Vessels  charged 
with  Military  Stores,  for  the  Garrison  of  Fort  Stoddart, 
a  save  Convoy  to  their  Port  of  destination.  It  only  re- 
maines  for  me,  to  express  a  desire  that  my  conduct  in 
this  particular,  may  be  approved. 

I  am  Sir, 

With  great  respect 

Your  mo  :  ob :  Serv. 
(Sigd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  James  Monroe 

New  Orleans  llth  June  1811. 
Secy,  of  State 
Sir, 

The  enclosed  Copies  of  Letters  (Nos.  1.  2.  3.  &  4) 
which  passed  on  the  10th  Instant,  between  the  military 
Agent,  Commodore  Shaw  &  myself,  will  inform  you  that 
a  vessel,  charged  with  Stores  for  the  Garrison  of  Fort 
Stoddart  was  not  permitted  to  pass  the  Fort  of  Mobile, 
&  the  measures  I  have  directed  with  a  view  to  prevent  a 
like  occurrences. 

The  peculiar  Situation  in  which  the  Tract  of  Coun- 
try watered  by  the  Mobile  is  placed, —  The  whole  being 
claimed  by  the  United  States  &  considered  as  falling 
within  the  Mississippi  or  Orleans  Territory;  The  great 
Public  Inconvenience  which  would  result,  wore  the  pre- 
tensions of  the  Spanish  Agents  to  the  Controul  of  the 
Navigation  of  the  Mobile  acquiesced  in,  &  the  probability 
there  is  that  such  acquiescence  would  envite  further  In- 
sult to  our  Flag:  My  great  distance  from  the  Seat  of 
Government,  &  the  extent  of  the  discretionary  powers, 
which  an  Officer  so  far  removed  from  his  Superiors  might 
safely  venture  to  exercise,  have  afforded  matter  for  my 
most  Serious  reflection,  and  the  result  lias  been,  that  my 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       273 

Letter  to   Commodore  Shaw  requiring  a  Convoy;  ap- 
peared to  be  a  duty, — 

The  Report  of  the  introduction  of  African  Slaves  into 
the  Mobile  Settlement  mentioned  in  my  Letter  of  the 
7th  Inst:  is  confirmed;— 

I  have  thought  it  right  and  proper  to  put  an  imme- 
diate Check  to  this  traffic  and  have  accordingly  addressed 
a  Letter  on  the  occasion,  to  Commodore  Shaw  of  which 
the  enclosed  (A)  is  a  Copy.  It  occured  to  me,  that  one 
among  the  many  just  reasons  assigned  by  the  President 
for  directing  possession  to  be  taken  of  the  Country,  as 
far  as  Perdido,  was,  "the  facilities  given  to  the  viola- 
tions of  our  Laws  prohibiting  the  introduction  of 
Slaves"; —  to  discourage  then  such  violations  for  the 
future,  and  if  possable,  to  prevent  them,  seemed  to  me, 
under  existing  circumstances,  to  be  a  duty. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  Sir, 

With  the  greatest  respect 

Your  mo :  ob.  Serv. 
(sigd.)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Commodore  Sliaw 

New  Orleans  New  Orleans  1 1th  June  1811 

Sir, 

You  will  conform  to  my  wishes,  by  extending  your 
Cruising  ground,  as  far  Eastwardly  as  the  Latitude  of 
the  Perdido,  and  by  giving  orders  to  your  officers  to  Cap- 
ture, and  to  send  to  New  Orleans,  for  Trial  any  Vessel 
from  a  Foreign  Port,  with  Slaves  on  board,  that  you  may 
find  hovering  on  our  Coast  or  attempting  to  enter  the 
Bay  of  Mobile.  I  am  Sir, 

With  groat  Respect 
Your  mo.  ob.  IT.  Sorv. 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

V— 18 


274  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Commodore  Shaw 

New  Orleans  June  12th  1811 
Naval  Commander 
New  Orleans. 
Sir, 

Having  understood  that  a  Number  of  African  Negroes 
had  been  introduced  into  Mobile  and  there  sold  to  Citi- 
zens of  this  Territory —  and  it  being  desirable  to  put  an 
immediate  check  to  such  violations  of  the  Laws  of  the 
United  States,  I  have  to  request  you  Sir,  to  extend  your 
Cruising  ground  as  far  Eastwardly  as  the  Latitude  of 
the  Perdido,  and  to  give  orders  to  your  officers  to  Cap- 
ture and  to  send  in  to  New  Orleans  for  trial,  such  Vessels 
from  a  foreign  Port,  with  Negroes  on  board,  as  may  be 
found  hovering  on  our  Coast,  or  attempting  to  enter  the 
Bay  of  Mobile. 

I  am  Sir, 

Your  hum :  Servt. 
(Sigd.)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Paul  Hamilton 

New  Orleans  13th  June  1811. 
Secretary  of  the  Navy 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  a  Copy  of  a  Letter,  1 
addressed  on  yesterday,  to  Commodore  Shaw,  request- 
ing him  to  extend  his  Cruising  ground  as  far  Eastwardly 
as  the  Perdido,  and  to  Capture  &  send  to  New  Orleans 
for  Trial,  any  Vessels  from  a  foreign  Port  with  Negroes 
on  board,  that  my  found  hovering  on  our  Coast  or  at- 
tempting to  enter  the  Bay  of  Mobile.  A  number  of  Afri- 
can Slaves,  have  lately  been  introduced  into  the  Town 
of  Mobile,  &  are  sold  daily  to  the  Citizens  of  this  £  the 
Mississippi  Territory;  To  prevent  therefore  the  Laws  of 
the  U:  States,  prohibiting  the  importation  of  Slaves,  bo- 
ing  wholly  useless  and  inopperative  in  this  Quarter,  I 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBOENE.        275 

did  not  hesitate  to  require  interposition  of  the  Naval 
force.  How  far  the  Judiciary  may  deem  itself  Author- 
ised to  Co-operate,  is  not  for  me  to  determine ;  For  my- 
self I  feel  that  I  have  faithfully  discharged  my  duty,  & 
I  shall  be  greatly  gratified,  if  such  should  be  the  opinion 
of  my  Superior  Officers.  Two  Vessels  with  Military 
Stores  for  the  Garrison  of  Fort  Stoddard,  sail  on  the  15th 
June  under  the  Convoy  of  Six  Gun  Boats. 

I  am  Sir, 

Your  mo :  ob :  Serv. 
(Signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Judge  Cantrelle 

0.  New  Orleans  June  14th  1811. 

Sir, 

Your  letter  of  the  8th  Inst:  was  delivered  to  me  by 
the  Houmas  Chief  Chac-chouma.  You  did  right  in  Send- 
ing this  good  old  Man  &  his  people  to  N :  Orleans,  I  have 
expressed  my  approbation  of  their  Conduct ;  made  them 
presents  to  the  Amount  of  $100:  and  furnished  them 
with  provisions  for  their  return  home. 

I  take  this  opportunity,  to  urge  your  acceptance  of 
the  Commission  of  Colo :  which  was  offered  you  the  past 
year,  and  to  transmit  you  a  Copy  of  the  Militia  Laws.  I 
am  Sir, 

Your  mo :  ob.  Ser. 
W.  C.  C.  Claiborno 


To  Fortesque  Cummin >g 

New  Orleans  14th  Juno  1811 
Sir, 

I  have  been  informed,  that  the  Expences  incident  to 
the  Conveying  of  Baldwin  (charged  with  Murder  to  New 
Orleans)  has  been  paid  by  the  Treasurer  of  tlx1  Terri- 
tory; But  of  this,  the  Bearer  will  give  you  more  certain 
information. 


276  MISSISSIPPI     TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

As  relates  to  the  expences  incident  to  the  safe  keep- 
ing of  Prisoners  generally,  &  the  mode  of  paying  them, 
you  will  be  pleased  to  make  inquiry  of  Mr.  George  W. 
Morgan,  the  Treasurer  of  the  Territory,  who  is  best  ad- 
vised on  this  subject;  a  part  of  such  expences  devolve 
upon  Parishes,  &  a  part  upon  the  Territory,  but  without 
consulting  the  Laws,  which  at  present  I  have  not  time  to 
do,  I  cannot  say  in  what  manner,  the  discrimination  is 
made. 

The  good  order  which  prevails  in  your  Parish  affords 
me  Sincere  pleasure,  &  is  received  as  a  strong  proof  of 
the  great  fidelity,  with  which  the  Civil  Magistrates,  dis- 
charge the  Trusts  reposed  in  them. 

I  am  Sir, 

Your  mo.  ob.  S. 
(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborno 


To  Dr.  Sibley 

Nachitochos  Nc\v  Orleans  .June  i:>lh  181 1 

Dear  Sir, 

My  last  accounts  from  Havana  left  Mr.  Cyrus  Sib- 
ley  and  his  Companions  in  misfortune,  stil  in  Confine- 
ment; But  it  is  not  understood  that  they  were  treated 
with  great  Rigour,  £  our  Commercial  Agent  at  Havana 
informs  me,  that  their  wants  are  all  supplied. 

The  President  has  been  pleased  to  approve  my  inter- 
position in  behalf  of  these  unfortunate  Citizens,  and  T 
shall  Continue  with  great  Zeal  my  exertions  to  effect 
their  release.  In  my  next  Letter  to  the  American  Con- 
sul at  Havana,  T  will  request  him  to  make  to  your 
Nephew,  the  advance  you  desire,  &  I  am  very  sure  it  will 
be  done.  I  am  Dr.  Sir 

Your  mo:  ob.  Serv. 

AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTEE'  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       277 

To  Judge  Johnson 

Private  New  Orleans  15th  June  1811. 

Attakapas 
Dear  Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  6th  of  June  has  been  received.  I 
enclose  you  a  Commission  of  Justice  of  the  Peace  for 
my  old  friend  Col:  Baker,  which  you  will  be  pleased  to 
deliver. 

The  Gentlemen  you  mention,  as  being  likely  to  be 
elected  Members  of  the  Convention  from  Attakapas, 
merit  the  Confidence  of  the  people,  &  they  have  my  best 
wishes.  In  this  County  it  is  understood,  that  the  ap- 
proaching election,  has  already  given  rise  to  much  In- 
trigue, and  that  the  Inhabitants  are  not  likely  to  unite 
in  favor  of  any  one  Ticket. 

The  election  of  a  Governor  also,  engages  much  of  the 
attention  of  the  Intriguers,  &  great  exertions  will  be 
made  at  New  Orleans,  to  prevent  the  success  of  any 
Native  Citizen  of  the  U:  States:  It  is  however,  prob- 
able, that  these  exertions  will  be  of  no  avail,  unless  in 
the  Western  Counties,  the  people  should  be  so  divided 
in  opinion,  as  to  loose  their  weight,  on  the  General  Vote. 
I  sincerely  hope,  that  Judge  Lewis  &  yourself  may 
Agree,  as  to  the  Construction  of  the  Laiv,  creating  the 
New  Parish  of  St.  Mary,  and  that  such  disposition  may 
be  made  of  the  Eecords,  as  shall  conform  to  the  true  in- 
tent and  meaning  of  the  same. 
I  am  Dear  Sir, 

With  respect  &  Esteem 

(signed)         W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


278  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Judge  Carr 

Nachitoches.  New  Orleans  15  June  1811. 

Sir, 

I  thank  you  for  the  information  Contained  in  your 
Letter  of  the  23d  May.  The  Revolutionists  of  Mexico, 
have  discovered  in  their  Course,  a  great  want  of  Judg- 
ment, discretion  and  firmness,  nor  does  their  entire  dis- 
comfiture excite  any  surprise.  Their  cause  was  certain- 
ly Calculated  to  call  forth  Men  of  Talents  &  Genius ;  But 
it  seems,  the  enfluence  of  Religious  Superstition,  gave  to 
Priests  &  Monks  the  Command  of  Armies,  and  that  those 
moments,  which  should  be  passed  in  fighting,  were  em- 
ployed in  praying,  fasting  &  Sleeping. 

My  circular  Letter,  enclosing  you  a  Copy  of  my  Proc- 
lamation, will  inform  you  my  opinion  as  to  your  Ellegi- 
bility  to  the  Convention;  there  is  certainly  no  in  compat- 
ibility, &  you  have  on  the  occasion  my  best  wishes. 

The  period  for  an  election  of  a  Governor  of  the  new 
State,  is  (probably)  so  remote,  that  it  is  difficult  at  this 
time  to  name  the  Citizen  who  may  have  the  fairest  pre- 
tentious for  that  office; 

I  sincerely  thank  you  for  your  favorable  disposition 
towards  me ;  Should  I  be  in  the  New  State  at  the  period 
of  the  election,  it  is  probable  I  may  be  a  Candidate  for 
the  honor  of  the  public  suffrage,  but  T  cannot  at  present 
.speak  with  Certainty. 

T  am  Dear  Sir, 

Your  Mo :  ob.  Serv. 

W.  C.  C.  ClaiboriH- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  279 

To  Col.  Covington 

Commanding  Officer      New  Orleans  15th  June  1811 

Fort  Stoddart 
Sir, 

Two  Vessels  charged  with  Military  Stores  for  Fort 
Stoddart,  will  sail  on  the  17th  Instant,  under  Convoy  of 
Seven  or  eight  Gun  Boats.  I  enclose  for  your  informa- 
tion, a  Copy  of  a  Letter,  I  addressed  on  this  occasion  to 
Commodore  Shaw,  from  which  you  will  perceive,  that  it 
will  not  be  permitted  to  the  Spanish  Agents,  to  exercise 
the  smallest  Controulover  American  Vessels,  navigating 
the  Waters  of  the  Mobile. 

On  Tomorrow,  I  set  out  on  a  voyage  across  the  Lake 
Ponchartrain,  on  a  visit  to  the  several  Parishes;  I  shall 
proceed  no  further  than  Pascagoula,  unless  things  at  Mo- 
bile may  so  evenuate,  as  to  make  my  presence  there  nec- 
cessary. 

I  am  Sir 

With  great  Respect 

Your  mo :  ob :  Serv. 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  James  Monroe 

Secy,  of  State.  New  Orleans  16  June  1811 

Sir, 

I  shall  commence  in  the  course  of  the  day  my  voyage 
across  the  Lake  &  propose  previous  to  my  return  to  visit 
the  Parishes  of  St.  Tammany,  Biloxi1  &  Pascagoula.  Two 
Vessels  loaded  with  Military  Stores,  for  the  use  of  the 
Garrison  of  Fort  Stoddart,  will  sail  on  tomorrow,  under 
the  Convoy  of  the  Armed  Schooner  Viper,  &  Eleven  Gun 
Boats.  I  hope  &  believe,  those  Vessels  will  meet  no  oppo- 
sition in  passing  the  Fort  of  Mobile ;  But  if  any  violence 
is  attempted,  I  have  no  doubt,  but  it  will  be  repelled  with 

1  As  in  the  instance  of  Mississippi  and  other  proper  names,  it  is  in- 
teresting to  note  the  gradual  change  in  the  spelling  of  Biloxi. 


280  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

promptitude  and  firmness.  I  am  very  sensible  of  the 
high  responsiblity  I  have  assumed,  by  the  requisitions 
made  of  Commodore  Shaw,  &  it  is  very  possible,  that 
things  may  so  eventuate,  as  to  make  it  a  duty,  to  proceed 
still  further  in  the  exercise  of  discretionary  power.  But 
you  may  be  assured  I  shall  not  act  rashly,  &  that  all  my 
measures  shall  be  such,  as  my  best  Judg'ment  shall  dic- 
tate. 

On  my  return  to  New  Orleans,  which  will  be  in  17  or 
18  days.  I  will  transmit  to  you  an  Account  of  my  ex- 
penditures in  taking  possession  of  the  Country  desig- 
nated in  the  President's  Proclamation  of  the  27th  of  Oc- 
tober last.  These  expenditures  do  not  for  the  present 
exceed  three  thousand  five  hundred  Dollars. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  Sir, 

Your  mo:  ob:  Sorv. 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Officer  Commanding  the  Squadron  of  Gun  Boats 
at  present  near  the  Bay  of  Pascagoula— 

Bav  of  Pascagoula  28th  June  1811. 
oir, 

Desirous  to  forward  dispatches  of  Public  Inport,  by 
the  Schooner  Aligator,  I  request  that  you  would  order  the 
officer    Commanding   said   Schooner  to   come   too,   near 
Gun  Boat  No.  24.,  and  await  my  further  orders. 
I  am  Sir 

Very  Respectfully 

Your  mo:  ob.  Ser. 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Naval  Commander  on  the  Mobile  Station. 

Sir, 

T  request  you  to  cause  the  enclosed  Letter  to  Governor 
Folch,  or  the  officer  Commanding  the  Fort  at  Mobile,  to 
be  delivered,  previous  to  the  Armed  Vessels  under  your 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        281 

Command,  appearing  before  that  Fort,  &  so  soon,  as  you 
shall  have  passed  the  Fort,  I  request  you  to  inform  me 
thereof  by  Express,  &  to  state  whether  or  not  your  pas- 
sage was  opposed.  I  shall  await  at  Pascagoula  for  your 
Communications. 

I  am  Sir 

Very  Respectfully 

Your  mo :  ob.  Ser. 
29th  June  1811.  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Gov.  Folcli 

or  the  Officer  Commanding  the  Fort  at  Mobile 
Sir, 

Desirous  that  a  Vessel  bearing  the  American  Flag, 
&  Charged  with  Military  Stores  for  the  Garrison  of  Fort 
Stoddart,  should  pass  unmolested,  I  have  placed  her  un- 
der Convoy  of  several  Armed  Vessels  of  the  United 
States ;  A  measure  of  precaution,  deemed  the  more  nec- 
essary in  Consequence  of  the  late  detention  (under  your 
order P)  at  the  Fort  of  Mobile,  of  a  Vessel  charged  with 
Stores  for  the  same  Garrison. 

I  owe  it  Sir,  to  Candour,  to  humanity,  and  to  the  So- 
licitude I  feel,  to  preserve  a  good  understanding  with  the 
Agents  of  a  Nation,  at  peace  with  the  United  States,  to 
inform  you,  that  the  officer  Commanding  the  Convoy  is 
instructed  to  oppose  force  to  force;  But  to  be  as  careful 
in  avoiding  aggression  as  prompt  in  repelling  any  that 
may  be  offered  him.  If  therefore  Sir,  it  be  not  your  wish 
to  Commence  hostilities,  &  to  cause  the  effusion  of  Blood, 
it  is  Confidently  expected,  that  you  will  on  your  part  re- 
frain from  aggression.  As  relates  to  the  right  of  the 
United  States  to  the  free  &  uninterrupted  use  of  the 
Waters  of  the  Mobile,  it  is  too  evident  to  need  illustra- 


282  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

tion,  and  that  Right,  I  have  Considered  it  my  duty,  on  the 
present  occasion,  to  maintain.1 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  Sir, 
Territory  of  Orleans        With  great  Respect 
Parish  of  Pascagoula  Your  mo :  obt.  Serv. 

29th  June  1811  (signd.)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  James  Monroe 

Territory  of  Orleans 
Parish  of  Pascagoula  29  June  1811 
Secy,  of  State. 
Sir, 

Previous  to  my  departure  from  New  Orleans,  I  had 
the  honor  to  advise  you  of  the  Convoy  which  had  been 
ordered  for  a  Vessel  Charged  with  Military  Stores  for 
the  Garrison  of  Fort  Stoddart;  &  of  the  Instructions  to 
the  Naval  Commander ;  It  seeming  to  me  to  Comport  with 
a  Candid  and  honest  policy-  to  apprise  the  Spanish 
Agents  of  the  object  of  the  Convoy,  I  have  addressed  to 
Governor  Folch  or  the  officer  Commanding  the  Fort  of 
Mobile  a  Letter  of  which  the  enclosed  is  a  Copy.  I  shall 
remain  in  this  Parish  Seven  or  Eight  days,  &  will  then 
return  to  New  Orleans,  unless  the  Passage  of  the  Mobile 
is  opposed  by  force;  in  which  event,  I  shall  proceed  im- 
mediately to  Fort  Stoddart,  and  will  consult  with  the 
Commanding  officer  of  that  Post,  as  to  such  further  meas- 
ures, as  our  Instructions  may  justify  and  the  Public  Sa- 
fity  require.  I  have  the  honor  to  be, 

Your  mo :  ob :  Serv. 
(sigd)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

P.  S.  The  Squadron  of  Gun  Boats  is  now  off  this 
Place  with  a  fair  wind,  &  every  prospect  of  reaching  the 
Bay  of  Mobile  in  the  Course  of  Tomorrow. 

1  The  condition  of  public   feeling  above  Mobile   in   Mississippi  Ter- 
ritory demanded  prompt  action  on  the  part  of  Claiborne. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        283 

My  Letter  to  Governor  Folch,  is  committed  to  the  Na- 
val Commander,  who  will  cause  it  to  be  delivered,  pre- 
vious to  the  Armed  Vessels  appearing  before  the  Fort. 

sigd.      W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  Paul  Hamilton 

Territory  of  Orleans 
Secy,  of  the  Navy. 

Parish  of  Pascagoula  June  29th  1811. 
Sir, 

Previous  to  my  departure  from  New  Orleans  I  advis- 
ed you  of  the  Convoy,  which  had  been  ordered  for  a  Ves- 
sel Charged  with  Military  Stores  for  the  Garrison  of 
Fort  Stoddart. 

It  seemed  to  me,  to  Comport  with  a  Candid  and  honest 
Policy  to  apprise  the  Spanish  Agents  of  the  object  of  the 
Convoy,  and  therefore  I  have  this  day  addressed  to  Gov- 
ernor Folch  or  the  officer  Commanding  the  Fort  of  Mo- 
bile a  Letter  of  which  the  enclosed  is  Copy ; 

The  Squadron  of  Gun  Boats  Composing  the  Convoy  is 
now  off  this  place,  with  a  fair  wind,  &  every  porspect  of 
reaching  the  Bay  of  Mobile  in  the  Course  of  tomorrow. 
My  Letter  to  Governor  Folch  is  entrusted  to  the  Naval 
Commander,  who  will  cause  it  to  be  delivered,  previdus 
to  the  Gun  Boats  appearing  before  the  Fort. 

I  shall  return  from  hence  in  Six  or  Seven  days  to  New 
Orleans,  unless  things  at  Mobile  should  so  evenuate,  as 
to  render  my  presence  in  its  vicinity  necessary. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be, 

Your  mo :  ob.  Ser. 
(sigd.)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


284  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Paul  Hamilton 

Private        Pascagoula  29th  June  1811. 
Secy,  of  the  Navy. 
My  dear  Sir, 

As  relates  to  the  events,  that  may  arise  at  Mobile,  my 
only  cause  of  solicitude,  is  that  my  Conduct  may  be  ap- 
proved by  the  President.  The  whole  tract  of  Country, 
watered  by  the  Mobile  and  its  tributary  streams  apper- 
tains to  the  United  States;  That  part  of  West  Florida 
lying  West  of  the  Perdido,  is  attached  to  the  Orleans  Ter- 
ritory, &  the  Local  Authorities,  have  legislated  for  the 
same.  Under  these  Circumstances,  it  seemed  to  me,  I 
should  have  Compromised  my  own  and  my  Country's 
honor  to  have  submitted  to  the  attempt,  of  the  Spanish 
Agents  at  Mobile,  to  inhibit  the  United  States,  the  free 
Naviagation  of  the  Mobile.  I  should  certaintly  feel  much 
relief,  had  I  previously  been  informed  of  the  sentiments 
of  the  President;  But  the  occurrence  was  of  a  nature  to 
require  prompt  measures;  The  Military  Stores  were  in- 
dispensible  for  the  Garrison  of  Fort  Stoddart,  &  I  availed 
myself  of  such  means  as  were  in  my  power,  to  ensure 
them  a  safe  &  Speedy  Conveyance. 

T  know  not  the  Course  Folch  may  persue;  My  own 
opinion  is  (to  use  a  Western  phrase)  that,  "he  will  back 
out".  I  shall  return  from  hence  to  New  Orleans,  unless 
the  Gun  Boats  are  fired  on,  by  the  Fort  of  Mobile;  in 
which  event,  I  shall  proceed  immediately  to  Fort  Stod- 
dart, for  the  purpose  of  Consulting  with  the  Command- 
ing Officer  of  that  Post,  as  to  such  further  measures,  as 
our  Instructions  may  justify  &  the  Public  Safety  require. 
My  present  impression  is,  that  the  firing  on  the  Convoy 
will  be  such  an  act  of  aggression  as  to  justify  the  reduc- 
tion of  the  Fort.  The  Commanding  Officer  of  Fort  Stod- 
dart, has  been  apprised  of  the  object  of  the  Convoy,  & 
will  of  course  hold  his  force  in  a  state  of  readiness; 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       285 

I  can  receive  intelligince  from  Mobile  in  12  hours,  & 
can  reach  Fort  Stoddart  from  this  place  in  two  days. 

I  am 

Your  mo:  ob. 
(sigd.)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Commodore  Shaw 

Private  Pascagoula  3d  July  1811. 

Dear  Sir, 

Be  so  good  as  to  place  the  enclosed  Letter  in  the  Post 
office.  The  Convoy  for  Mobile  passed  by  this  place  on 
the  27th  Ultimo,  since  which  they  have  been  much  fav- 
ored by  the  Wind,  but  I  remain  without  information,  as 
to  the  reception,  the  Fort  of  Mobile  gave  them.  I  re- 
quested Captn.  Read  to  give  me  the  particulars  on  the  re- 
turn of  the  Alligator,  &  I  am  momently  in  expectation  of 
receiving  them. 

If  the  Convoy  is  fired  on,  I  shall  proceed  immediately 
to  Fort  Stoddart ;  If  it  meets  no  Molestation,  I  shall  re- 
turn to  New  Orleans.  Hence  my  Anxiety  to  hear  from 
Capt.  Read. 

If  the  Convoy  is  fired  on,  I  shall  consider  it,  such  an 
Act  of  Aggression  as  to  justify  the  taking  of  the  Fort 
of  Mobile.     I  am  Dear  Sir 
To  Commodore  Shaw  Your  mo  :  ob.  S— 

New  Orleans  (sigd.)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


The  Honble.  Territory  of  Orleans. 

Mr.  Hamilton  Pascagoula  2d.  July  1811. 

Secy,  of  the  Navy. 
Sir. 

The  wind  has  favored  the  passage  of  our  Armed  Ves- 
sels by  the  Fort  of  Mobile,  &  I  am  momently  in  expecta- 
tion of  receiving  intelligence  from  the  Naval  Commander. 


286  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

I  presume  no  difficulty  has  occurred,  or  information  of 
the  same,  would  (most  probably)  have  already  reached 
me. 

The  Lands  bordering  on  the  Lakes  Maurepas,  Pon- 
chartrain  and  Borgne  abound  in  Live  Oak  of  the  best 
quality  and  near  the  Florida  Shore,  and  on  several 
Islands  in  this  vicinity,  it  also  grows  Luxuriantly.  On 
the  Pearl  &  Pascagoula  Rivers,  &  the  Waters  of  the  Tom- 
bigbee,  I  learn  there  is  an  abundance  of  Cedar,  Mulberry 
and  Locust,  the  Cypres  of  the  Mississippi  is  enexhaust- 
ible,  &  the  high  Lands  of  Florida  are  covered  with  Pine. 
There  is  perhaps  no  District  in  the  United  States  where 
as  good  Materials  for  Ship  Building  are  to  be  found,  or 
where  such  Materials  can  be  prepared  at  a  lesser  ex- 
pence.  Is  it  not  advisable  to  direct  some  Capable  &  Con- 
fidential officer  to  visit  the  several  Tracts  of  Country, 
where  Ship  Timber  is  situated,  &  to  report  to  your  De- 
partment its  quality  &  quantity.  And  may  it  not  also  be 
advisable  to  reserve  a  Considerable  portion  of  such 
Tracts  for  Public  use,  &  to  provide  by  law,  for  the  pun- 
ishment of  such  persons  as  shall  depredate  thereon. 
Without  these  provisions,  private  Individuals  will  cm- 
brace  the  first  occasion,  to  become  owners  of  such  valu- 
able property,  &  in  the  mean  time  they  cannot  be  re- 
strained from  using  the  Timber  at  will. 

ft  is  understood,  that  most  of  the  Tracts  where  the 
Timber  alluded  to  grows,  appertain  to  the  National  Do- 
main; there  is  however  some  owned  by  Individuals  but 
which  could  1  presume  at  this  time  be  obtained  in  ex- 
change for  other  Lands,  or  for  a  small  pecuniary  Con- 
sideration, when  Compared  to  their  intrinsic  value. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  Sir, 

Your  mo  :  ob  :  Sev. 
(Sigd.)     \V.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    \V.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  287 

To  the  Naval  Commander  on  the  Mobile  Station. 

Sir, 

I  have  this  day,  received  by  a  Spanish  officer,  a  Let- 
ter from  Col :  Maxent  the  acting  Governor  of  Pensacola, 
under  date  of  the  3d  Inst :,  in  which  he  advises  me  of  his 
intention,  to  repair  immediately  to  the  parish  of  Pasca- 
goula,  for  the  purpose  of  Confering  with  me,  relative  to 
the  object  of  my  Letter  of  the  29th  of  June. 

The  Letter  refered  to  by  Col:  Maxent  is  the  one  you 
delivered  to  the  Commanding  Officer  at  Mobile,  &  which 
Conveyed  in  terms  so  explicit  &  decisive  the  objects  of 
the  Convoy  under  your  Command,  that  it  surely  cannot 
be  supposed,  I  am  prepared  to  recede ;  I  presume  there- 
fore Col:  Maxent  comes  disposed  to  acknowledge  the 
right  of  the  United  States  to  the  free  and  undisturbed 
use  of  the  Waters  of  the  Mobile,  or  otherwise  he  would 
not  subject  himself  to  the  trouble  of  a  voyage  to  Pasca- 
goula.  Thus  impressed  it  would  meet  my  approbation 
if  on  the  receipt  of  this  Letter,  you  should  not  have 
passed  the  Fort,  that  you  delay  doing  so,  until  you  re- 
ceive another  Communication  from  me. 

In  the  mean  time ;  I  request  you  not  to  relax  in  your 
preparations  to  force  a  passage.  The  right  of  the 
United  States  to  the  free  Navigation  of  the  Mobile ;  must 
be  maintained;  if  Col.  Maxent  is  disposed  to  acknowl- 
edge that  right  &  to  treat  the  American  Flag  with  all  the 
respect  to  which  it  is  entitled,  the  object  of  the  Convoy 
is  attained;  But  if  such  be  not  the  disposition  of  the 
Spanish  Agents  at  Mobile,  it  will  be  left  to  you  (on  the 
present  occasion)  to  enforce  the  right. 

I  am  well  aware,  it  would  be  more  regular,  that  all 
Communications  relating  to  the  Service,  in  which  you 
are  employed,  should  come  from  your  immediate  Xaval 
Chief  Commodore  Shaw;  But  my  distance  from  Xew 
Orleans  &  the  urgency  of  the  moment,  admitting  not  of 
the  delay  necessary  to  Communicate  previously  with  the 


288  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Commodore,  I  have  (with  a  view  to  the  Public  Interest) 
addressed  myself  immediately  to  you. 
Territory  of  Orleans,        I  have  the  honor  to  be,  Sir, 
Parish  of  Pascagoula  With  great  respect  &ca. 

5th  July  1811.  (Signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Commanding  officer  at  Fort  Stoddart 

Parish  of  Pascagoula  July  5th  1811. 
Sir, 

Previous  to  my  departure  from  New  Orleans,  I  en- 
closed you  a  Copy  of  my  Letter  to  Commodore  Shaw, 
requiring  a  Convoy  for  a  Vessel  Charged  with  Military 
Stores,  for  the  Garrison  of  Fort  Stoddart,  &  I  now  trans- 
mit for  your  perusal  a  Letter,  I  have  this  day  addressed 
to  the  naval  Commander  on  the  Mobile  Station. 

You  will  perceive  Sir,  my  determination  to  enforce 
the  right  of  the  United  States  to  the  free  &  uninterrupted 
use  of  the  waters  of  the  Mobile  &  it  is  not  improbable  but 
things  may  so  evenuate,  as  to  require  your  Co-operation. 
I  am,  Sir, 

Your  mo.  ob.  Sev. 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  James  Monroe 

Territory  of  Orleans 

Secy,  of  State.  Pascagoula  July  5th  1811. 

Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  a  Copy,  of  a  Letter 
from  Col :  Maxent,  the  Acting  Governor  at  Pensacola, 
which  was  delivered  to  me,  on  this  Morning  by  a  Spanish 
officer,  as  also  of  one,  which  I  have  this  moment  addressed 
to  the  Xaval  Commander  on  the  Mobile  Station. 

I  trust  Col :  Maxent  will  come  disposed  to  accede  to 
my  demand,  for  the  free  &  uninterrupted  use  of  the 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  289 

Waters  of  the  Mobile  by  American  Vessels,  or  otherwise 
it  must  be  left  for  the  Naval  Commander,  to  carry  into 
effect  my  instructions  of  the  10th  of  June.  I  feel  that 
the  stand  taken,  is  one  which  the  honor  of  the  Govern- 
ment enjoined,  &  our  rights  sanctioned;  It  is  impossible 
therefore  for  me  whatever  may  be  the  event  (unless  the 
President  should  so  direct)  to  tread  back  my  steps.  I 
am  not  altogether  certain,  that  I  was  correct  in  request- 
ing the  Naval  Commander  to  suspend  a  moment,  his 
passage  by  the  Fort ;  But  as  it  is  probable  Colo :  Maxent 
may  come  prepared  to  conform  my  wishes,  it  seemed  to 
me  Consistent  with  a  just  &  Conciliatory  Policy  to  await 
his  arrival,  &  in  the  mean  time,  that  our  armed  Vessels, 
should  postpone  their  operations.  There  is  no  doubt, 
but  the  Commandant  at  Mobile  was  instructed  to  oppose 
by  force,  the  passage  of  our  Vessels,  &  I  learn  among 
other  preparations  for  offence,  he  had  erected  within  a 
few  days  past  (in  front  of  the  Fort)  a  Water  Battery, 
which  mounted  Six  Guns.  I  am  Sir, 
Your  mo.  ob.  Sev. 

(sigd.)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

P.  S.  I  do  not  know,  that  my  Letter  of  this  morning 
to  the  Naval  Commander,  will  reach  him  in  time  to  retard 
his  Movements;  He  will  be  acting  in  strict  Conformity 
to  his  orders,  if  he  should  pass  the  Fort,  without  a  mo- 
ments delay. 

W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  Paul  Hamilton 

Territory  of  Orleans 

Secy,  of  the  Navy.  Pascagoula  July  6th  1811 

Sir, 

Having  received  on  yesterday  by  express  a  Letter 
under  date  of  the  3d  Inst :  from  Col :  Maxent,  the  acting 
Governor  at  Pensacola,  advising  me  of  his  intention  to  re- 

V— 19 


290  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

pair  immediately  to  Paseagoula,  for  the  purpose  of  Con- 
fering  with  me,  on  the  subject  of  my  Letter  of  the  29th 
Ulto.,  to  the  Commandant  at  Mobile,  I  have  addressed  a 
Communication  to  the  Naval  officer  on  the  Mobile  Station, 
of  which  the  enclosed  is  a  Copy. 

I  am  this  moment  favored  with  a  Duplicate  of  Colo : 
Maxent's  Letter,  &  from  the  course  of  the  wind  for  the 
last  two  days,  I  shall  expect  his  arrival  here  on  Tomor- 
row. It  is  impossible  to  say  what  may  be  the  issue  of 
the  contemplated  Conference !  I  have  nothing  to  ask, 
but  the  free  &  uninterrupt'd  passage  of  the  Mobile  to 
American  Vessels,  &  unless  this  reasonable  demand  be 
promptly  acceded  to,  it  remains  for  Commodore  Shaw,  to 
carry  into  effect  my  instructions  of  the  10th  of  June ;  I 
understand,  that  the  Duke  del  Infantado  a  Grandee  of 
Spain,  has  been  named  Captn.  General  of  Cuba ;  and  that 
in  expectation  of  his  early  arrival,  the  Spanish  Agents 
are  greatly  desirous,  that  things  at  Mobile,  should  for 
the  present,  remain  in  Statue  quo.  As  regards  Cuba, 
permit  me  to  observe  that  its  dependance  on  a  foreign 
power,  is  seen  by  me,  with  sincere  regret;  The  destiny  of 
that  Island,  is  highly  interesting  to  the  II :  States.  It 
is  in  truth  the  Mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  £  the  Nation 
possessing  it  may  Controul  the  Western  Commerce.1 
Next  to  acquiring  the  Sovereignty  of  Cuba,  it  is  most  im- 
portant to  my  country  that  it  be  placed  in  the  Situation, 
Malta  formerly  was;  erected  into  an  independance  State, 
&  its  Sovereignty  guarantied  by  the  II:  States  and  other 
Nations.  Unless  an  Act  of  that  kind  takes  place,  the 
possession  of  the  Island  of  Cuba,  will  sooner  or  later  be 
cause  of  War;  &  may  tend  to  destroy  the  good  under- 
standing, which  might  otherwise  exist,  between  the  IT: 
States,  £  the  Country  vmr  tcrmc.d  Spanish  America!  A 

1  The  people  of  the  Gulf  Toast  prompted  the  various  movements 
for  the  ownership  of  Cuba  by  the  United  States.  Claiborne  seems  to 
have  been  a  pioneer  in  the  policy. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBOENE.  291 

Country  that  cannot  from  the  nature  of  things  long  re- 
main, in  its  present  Collonial  Condition.  I  have  the 
honor  to  be,  Sir 

Your  mo.  ob.  Ser. 
(sigd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

P.  S.  There  is  no  doubt,  but  the  Commandant  at  Mobile, 
had  received  orders,  to  oppose  the  passage  of  our  Ves- 
sels, &  with  this  view,  I  have  information  that  among 
other  preparations  for  offence,  he  had  erected  (within  a 
few  days  past)  a  Battery  in  front  of  the  Fort  &  near  the 
Waters  edge,  which  mounted  Six  Guns. 

W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  Colonel  Maximilien  Maxent 

Territory  of  Orleans ; 
Pascagoula  July  6th  1811. 
Sir, 

I  am  honored  with  the  receipt  of  your  Letter  of  the 
3d  Ultimo,  and  shall  with  great  pleasure,  await  your 
arrival  at  Pascagoula. 

I  tender  to  }7ou  Sir,  the  assurances  of  my  Respect  and 
Esteem! 

(Sigd.)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Colonel  Maxmilien  Maxent 

Pascagoula  July  7th  1811. 
Sir, 

Your  letter  of  this  date,  has  been  considered  with  the 
most  respectful  attention. 

I  shall  sincerely  regret,  if  your  dependancc  upon  the 
Captain  General  of  Cuba,  should  forbid  your  Acquies- 
cence in  the  just  &  reasonable  Demand,  which  a  due  re- 
spect for  the  rights  of  my  Country  Compel  me  to  press. 


292  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

It  is  known  to  you  Sir,  that  the  Territory  of  Orleans 
over  which  I  have  the  honor  to  preside,  is  declared  by 
my  Government  to  extend  Eastwardly  to  the  River  Per- 
dido,  &  that  the  Waters  of  the  Mobile,  in  their  whole 
course  (with  the  exception  of  a  small  District,  which  in- 
cludes the  Fort  &  Town  of  Mobile)  pass  thro'  a  tract  of 
Country,  in  the  actual  possession  of  the  U :  States ;  Hence 
it  is  Sir,  that  the  free  &  uninterrupted  Navigation  of  the 
Mobile  by  American  Vessels,  is  insisted  upon  as  a  right. 
I  cannot  accede  to  your  proposition,  that  the  Vessel 
Charged  with  Stores  for  the  Garrison  of  Fort  Stoddart, 
should  be  compelled  to  pass  by  the  Tensaw,  without  the 
reach  of  the  Cannon  of  the  Fort;  Since  it  would  be  an 
Acknowledgement  of  an  authority  on  the  part  of  the 
Spanish  officers  to  exercise  a  Controul  over  American 
Vessels  and  a  Surrender  of  the  point  in  question. 

My  Letter  of  the  29th  of  June,  stated  the  event  which 
induced  me,  to  place  under  Convoy  the  vessel  destined 
for  Fort  Stoddard,  nor  did  I  omit  to  acquaint  you  of  the 
orders,  which  the  Naval  Commander  had  reed,  carefully 
to  avoid  aggression. 

I  have  no  wish  Sir,  that  a  naval  force  should  pass  on 
to  fort  Stoddard;  the  most  perfect  good  understanding 
between  our  two  Nations  is  believed  to  exist,  £  I  feel  a 
sincere  disposition  to  preserve  with  you  Sir,  the  most 
friendly  relations.  The  naval  force1  therefore  now  with- 
in view  of  the  Fort  under  your  Command,  shall  be  re- 
called, if  7  am  previously  assured  that  the  private  &  un- 
armed Vessel  under  its  Convoy,  would,  unprotected,  be 
permitted  without  detention,  or  other  molestation  to  Con- 
tinue her  Voyage  to  Fort  Stoddart. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  Sir 
With  great  respect 

Your  mo :  ob.  Sev. 
(signed)      \V.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        293 

To  Colonel  Maximilien  Maxent. 

Pascagoula  8th  July  1811. 
Sir, 

I  understand  from  your  letter  of  the  morning,  that 
you  will  give  such  orders,  as  will  insure  to  the  Vessel 
charged  with  Stores  for  the  Garrison  of  Fort  Stoddard, 
a  free  passage  ~by  way  of  the  Mobile  &  that  such  Vessel 
will  meet  no  detention  at  the  Fort  of  Mobile,  or  any  other 
molestation  by  the  force  under  your  Command.  Under 
this  impression,  your  answer  is  Satisfactory,  since  the 
object  of  the  Convoy  is  attained.  &  the  Armed  Vessels 
of  the  United  States  near  the  Fort  of  Mobile,  will  con- 
sequently be  ordered  to  their  former  Stations.  The  de- 
sire you  are  pleased  to  express,  to  maintain  the  good  un- 
derstanding, which  exists  between  our  two  Nations,  af- 
fords me  pleasure,  &  I  beg  you  to  beleive,  that  a  Similar 
Sentiment,  is  cherished  on  my  part.  I  cannot  however, 
refrain  from  remarking,  that  the  unmolested  passaged 
of  the  Vessel  by  the  way  of  the  Mobile  to  Fort  Stoddart, 
is  not  received  as  a  favor,  but  considered  as  a  Matter  of 
right.  As  relates  to  the  other  points  in  my  Letter  of  yes- 
terday, which  you  have  declined  to  notice,  I  owe  it  to  that 
Spirit  of  Candour,  which  I  wish  always  to  observe,  to 
apprise  you,  that  whenever  the  occasion  requires,  these 
points  will  be  insisted  on,  and  that  the  free  &  uninter- 
rupted use  of  the  Waters  of  the  Mobile  is  viewed  as  a 
privilege  appertaining  to  all  Vessels  under  the  Flag  of 
the  United  States,  whether  armed  or  unarmed.  I  have 
the  honor  to  be  &ca. 

Your  mo :  ob :  Sev. 
W.  C.  C.  Claiborm- 


294  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  the  Naval  Commander  of  the  Mobile  Station. 

Pascagoula  July  8th  1811. 
Sir, 

I  have  received  the  most  satisfactory  assurances  from 
Col :  Maxent,  Governor  par  Interim,  &  on  whom  the  Com- 
mand of  the  Spanish  Force  at  Mobile  devolves  that  the 
Vessel  charged  with  Stores  for  the  Garrison  of  Fort 
Stoddart,  might  continue  (uninterrupted)  her  voyage  by 
the  way  of  the  Mobile  and  that  he  would  give  the  neces- 
sary orders,  to  prevent  her  being  detained  at  the  Fort 
of  Mobile  or  receiving  any  other  molestation. 

The  object  I  had  in  view,  in  requiring  of  Commodore 
Shaw  a  Convoy,  being  thus  attained,  I  request  you  Sir,  to 
retire  with  the  several  armed  Vessels  under  your  Com- 
mand to  the  Stations  assigned  to  each  Vessel  respectively 
and  that  you  direct  the  Patron  of  the  Vessel  charged  with 
Stores  for  Fort  Stoddart,  forthwith  ((£'  without  (jiving 
him  any  Convoy)  to  pass  by  the  Fort  of  Mobile,  &  con- 
tinue his  course  without  delay  to  his  place  of  destination. 
Had  I  time  Sir,  (and  did  the  occasion  permit)  to  Com- 
municate previously  with  Commodore  Shaw,  the  requests 
now  made  to  you,  would  come  in  the  Shape  of  orders, 
which  being  the  more  regular  mode,  would  on  that  ac- 
count, be  the  most  agreeable  to  us  both ;  But  when  I  ob- 
serve to  you  Sir,  that  these  requexfx  of  mine,  are  made  in 
Conformity  to  an  Arrangement  between  Col:  Maxent  & 
myself,  in  our  official  Capacities  £  that  your  adherence  to 
them,  is  interext'nirj  to  our  Government  &  to  good  faith, 
I  feel  assured  of  your  prompt  compliance. 

As  it  is  important  that  the  enclosed  Letter  to  Col: 
Covington  or  the  officer  Commanding  at  Fort  Stoddart, 
should  be  early  received,  do  me  Ihe  favor  Sir,  to  Commit 
it  to  the  care  of  an  officer  attached  to  the  Squadron,  Avith 
instructions  to  the  officer,  to  take  his  passage  on  board 
the  Vessel  charged  with  the  Stores  for  Fort  Stoddart,  & 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        295 

to  deliver  the  Letter  in  person.  I  feel  a  wish  that  the 
officer  should  accompany  the  Store  Vessel,  in  as  much 
as  his  presence  might  insure  more  expedient  &  the 
greater  care  on  the  part  of  the  Patron.  Will  you  be  good 
enough  to  say  to  the  Gentleman,  you  may  send  to  Fort 
Stoddart,  that  if  he  will  be  pleased  to  keep  an  account 
of  his  personal  expences  in  going  &  returning  the  amount 
shall  be  repaid  him. 

I  take  this  occasion  to  express  my  entire  Confidence 
in  the  valor  Zeal  &  Patriotism  of  the  officers  &  Crews  of 
the  several  Vessels  under  your  Command,  and  to  assure 
them  individually  of  my  Respect  and  Esteem. 

(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Col.  Covington 

Pascagoula  July  8th  1811 
Fort  Stoddart 
Sir, 

Colo :  Maxent  acting  as  Governor  par  Interim,  pend- 
ing the  indisposition  of  Governor  Folch,  having  given 
me  the  most  positive  assurances  that  the  Vessel  charged 
with  Stores  for  the  Garrison  of  Fort  Stoddart,  would  be 
permitted  to  persue  her  Course,  without  experiencing  de- 
tention at  the  Fort  of  Mobile,  or  any  other  molestation 
by  the  forces  under  his  Command,  I  have  to  inform  you, 
that  the  officer  Commanding  the  Armed  Vessels  detached 
as  a  Convoy,  has  been  requested  to  order  said  Vessels 
to  resume  the  former  Stations  assigned  to  each  respec- 
tively &  to  direct  the  Patron  of  the  Vessel  ivitli  Stores 
for  Fort  Stoddart  to  proceed  on  (ivithout  further  Con- 
voy) to  her  place  of  destination. 

It  may  be  proper,  for  you  to  be  informed,  that  in  my 
Correspondance  with  Colo :  Moxont,  I  claimed  the  free 
£  unmolested  use  of  the  Waters  of  the  Mobile  as  a  Right 
appertaining  to  all  Vessels  under  the  flag  of  the  United 


296       .  _ ,  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

States,  &  gave  him  to  understand,  that,  that  right,  when- 
ever the  occasion  required,  would  be  insisted  upon. 

I  am  Sir, 

Your  mo:  ob.  Ser. 
W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Judge  Toulmin1 

Pascagoula  July  8th  1811 
near  Fort  Stoddart 
Dear  Sir, 

The  Spanish  Agents  at  Mobile,  having  detained  a 
Vessel  charged  with  Stores  for  the  Garrison  of  Fort 
Stoddart,  I  determined  to  enforce  (on  that  occasion) 
the  right  to  the  free  Navigation  of  the  Mobile  &  with 
that  view,  the  same  Vessel  charged  with  Stores  as  afore- 
said wras  placed  under  Convoy  of  respectable  Naval  force, 
with  all  necessary  powers  to  the  Naval  Commander; 
This  force  appeared  before  the  Fort,  but  its  operations 
were  suspended,  in  Consequence  of  Col :  Maxent  the  Act- 
ing Governor  having  requested  an  interview  with  me; 
That  interview  has  taken  place,  and  the  result  has  been, 
"An  Assurance  that  the  Vessel  with  Stores  for  Fort 
Stoddart,  might  persue  her  course  uninterrupted,  and 
that  she  should  experience  no  detention  at  the  Fort  of 
Mobile  or  any  other  Molestation  by  the  Spanish  Forces". 
Thus  this  affair  has  ended,  and  the  Officer  Commanding 
the  Naval  Force,  has  been  requested  by  me,  to  retire  to 
the  former  Station  assigned  him. 

By  a  Law  of  the  Territory,  the  Parish  of  Pascagoula 
extends  to  the  Perdido;  The  Laws  therefore  will  be  en- 
forced over  the  District  between  the  Perdido  &  the  Mo- 
bile, with  which  view,  T  enclose  you  a  Commission  for 
Mr.  Theodore  Brightwell  as  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  & 

'Toulmin  as  the  spokesman  of  the  people  of  the  Tombigby  settle- 
tlements  had  been  urgent  for  prompt  action  against  the  Spaniards. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  297 

which  I  beg  you  to  forward,  &  I  hereby  authorize  you  to 
administer  to  Mr.  Brightwell  an  Oath  to  support  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States  &  also  an  Oath  of  Office. 
To  avoid  Confusion  &  any  premature  Conflict  with  the 
Spanish  Garrison  I  shall  request  the  Civil  Officers  by  Let- 
ter within  the  Parish  of  Pascagoula,  not  to  extend  their 
authority  within  certain  Limits  which  I  propose  to  define, 
as  to  enclude  within  the  Same  the  Town  &  Fort  of  Mo- 
bile, &  you  will  much  oblige  me,  if  by  the  first  mail  after 
the  receipt  of  this  Letter,  you  would  delineate  to  me  the 
Bounds  of  a  District,  which  you  suppose  will  meet  the 
object. 

I  cannot  much  longer  delay  appointing  a  Judge  of 
Pascagoula!  You  once  intimated  to  me  that  that  office 
would  be  agreeable  to  you ; — But  in  the  present  confused 
State,  I  presume  it  is  not  worthy  your  acceptance !  Can 
you  recommend  to  me  a  suitable  Character! 

I  am,  Dear  Sir, 

Your  mo :  ob :  Sert 
(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 
P.  S. 

I  shall  set  out  in  four  days  to  New  Orleans. 


To  Colonel  Maximilien  Maxent. 

Pascagoula,  9th  July  1811. 

half  past  10,  A.M. 
Sir, 

Captain  Farragout  whom  I  had  dispatched  on  the 
evening  of  the  5th  Instant  with  dispatches  to  the  officer 
commanding  the  United  States  Naval  force,  near  Mobile, 
has  this  moment  arrived,  and  brings  me  intelligence,  that 
previous  to  the  receipt  of  my  dispatches  by  the  Naval 
officer,  the  vessel  with  Stores  for  Fort  Stoddart,  had 
passed  on  to  her  Port  of  destination,  in  Consequence  of 


298  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

an  arrangement  between,  the  Naval  officer  &  the  Spanish 
Commandant. 

Yon  will  recollect  Sir,  that  I  stated  to  yon,  that  the 
orders  to  the  Naval  Commander  were  such,  that  I  was 
not  certain,  but  he  would  act,  previous  to  the  receipt  of 
the  Letter,  which  I  had  addressed  him. 

I  tender  you  Sir,  the  assurance  of  my  Respect  and 
Esteem. 

(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Col.  Maxent 
Pensacola. 


Pascagoula  9th  June  1811. 


Sir, 

Captn  Farragout  lias  presented  me  your  Letter,  ac- 
knowledging the  receipt  of  mine  of  this  date.  The  Wind 
being  very  favorable  1  concluded  on  last  evening  to  dis- 
patch Lieut:  Merril  to  Mobile,  with  my  Instructions,  &  I 
learn,  with  regret,  that  this  officer  had  not  called  upon 
you  as  had  been  previously  agreed  between  us. —  Ue  was 
requested  to  do  so,  &  I  know  not  how  to  account  for  the 
omission,  unless  from  the  circumstance  of  his  having 
continued  his  voyage  in  the  night  &  might  have  passed 
your  Vessel,  without  perceiving  her.  I  renew  to  you  the 
assurances  of  my  Respect  and  Esteem. 

(sigd)     AV.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Pfdil  If  (i  mil  I  on 

Private.  Parish  of  Pascagoula  9th  July  18U 

Secy  of  the  Navy. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  advise  you  that  the  difficulties  at 
Mobile,  are  for  the  present  arranged,  and  the  vessel  with 
Military  Store*,  continued  her  voyage  uninterrupted  to 
Fort  Stoddart, 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORXE.        299 

For  a  perusal  of  the  Correspondence  between  Colo 
Maxent  &  myself  &  for  other  particulars,  I  beg  leave  to 
refer  you  (being  much  pressed  for  time)  to  my  official 
Letter  of  this  date  to  the  Secretary  of  State. —  You  will 
perceive  Sir,  the  object  for  which  the  Convoy  was  or- 
dered, has  been  attained;  that  the  right  to  the  free  and 
uninterrupted  use  of  the  Waters  of  the  Mobile  has  been 
asserted,  and  Col.  Maxent  notified,  that  the  same  would 
be  insisted  on,  whenever  the  occasion  required.— 

If  the  President  approves  the  stand  I  have  taken,  the 
Spaniards  at  Mobile  will  have  wholly  to  disobey  the  or- 
ders of  the  Captn.  General,  or  a  state  of  things  must  arise, 
that  will  lead  to  the  fall  of  the  Fort.  I  must  confess  Sir, 
I  most  ardently  wish  the  possession  of  Mobile ;  Its  occu- 
pancy by  a  foreign  force,  is  cause  of  discontent  to  the 
Citizens  of  this  Territory,  &  some  embarrassment  to  me. 

The  Scite  of  the  Fort  of  Mobile,  with  a  view  to  de- 
fence has  been  well  chosen,  &  is  a  strong  and  regular 
Work.—-  It  mounts  thirty  heavy  (and  several  smaller) 
pieces  of  Cannon;  Is  well  supplied  with  Stores  of  every 
description,  and  defended  by  about  180  or  200  regular 
Troops; —  The  Commandant  Col:  Collell  is  an  officer  of 
merit,  nor  is  there  a  doubt,  but  he  would  be  bravely  sup- 
ported by  the  whole  Garrison. —  I  think,  however,  that 
the  navy  on  this  Station,  aided  by  the  regular  Troops  at 
Fort  Stoddart  &  Pass  of  Christian,  would  insure  the 
speedy  possession  of  Mobile.— 

I  take  pleasure  in  informing  you  that  Commodore 
Shaw,  Complied  with  my  requisitions  for  a  Convoy,  with 
a  promptitude  evincive  of  the  most  ardent  attachment  to 
the  honor  of  the  American  Flag,  and  that  the  conduct  of 
Lieut:  Bainbridge  who  commanded  the  Convoy,  &  indeed 
of  the  officers  generally,  who  were  ordered  on  that  Serv- 
ice, has  been  marked  with  great  correctness. —  Permit 
me  also  to  assure  you  Sir,  that  if  the  passage  of  the  Ves- 
sel with  Military  Stores  had  been  opposed,  it  would  have 


300  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

been  Commanded,  and  with  a  degree  of  Valour  too,  that 
would  have  done  Credit  to  the  American  Character.  Ac- 
cept the  best  wishes  of 

Dear  Sir, 

your  H  Servt 
(sig'd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  James  Monroe 

Territory  of  Orleans 
Parish  of  Pascagoula  July  9th  1811. 

Secretary  of  State. 


Sir, 

On  the  5th  of  this  month  I  transmitted  to  you,  a  Copy 
of  a  Letter,  received  by  express  from  Colonel  Maxent, 
Governor  par  Interim,  (pending  the  indisposition  of 
Governor  Folch)  at  Pensacola  (advising  me  of  his  inten- 
tion, to  set  out  the  first  favorable  wind  for  Pascagoula, 
in  order  to  confer  with  me  on  the  subject  of  my  Letter 
of  the  29th  Ulto,  as  also  a  Copy  of  my  Communication, 
under  date  of  the  5th  Inst :,  to  the  Naval  Commander  on 
the  Mobile  Station,  apprising  him  of  the  expected  Inter- 
view with  Colo  Maxent,  &  requesting  for  the  present  a 
suspension  of  his  operations. 

I  now  have  the  honor  to  inform  you,  that  Colo.  Maxent 
arrived  hence  on  the  morning  of  the  7th  &  was  received 
with  that  respectful  attention,  to  which  ho  was  entitled 
as  well  from  his  distinguished  rank,  as  the  supposed  pa- 
cific object  of  his  visit. —  An  early  occasion,  was  cm- 
braced  by  the  Colonel  to  assure  me  of  his  disposition  to 
preserve  the  friendly  understanding  which  existed  be- 
tween our  two  nations,  &  to  express  his  sincere  desire 
that  sonic  means  might  bo  fallen  on,  to  accommodate  the 
difficulty,  likely  to  arise  at  Mobile. —  1  replied  that  our 
wishes  were  in  unison: —  That  the  present  cause  of  dis- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        301 

pute,  was  neither  complicated,  or  difficult  of  arrange- 
ment;—  That  the  free  &  uninterrupted  use  of  the  Wa- 
ters of  the  Mobile,  was  a  right  appertaining  to  every 
Vessel  carrying  the  Flag  of  the  U.  States,  &  of  the  vio- 
lation of  that  right  I  complained.  A  private  and  un- 
armed Vessel  charged  with  powder  &  other  Military 
Stores  for  the  Garrison  of  Fort  Stoddart  unprotected  & 
unoffending  had  been  arrested  in  her  course,  under  the 
orders  of  the  Commandant  of  the  Fort  of  Mobile ; —  That, 
I  had  in  Consequence  placed  her,  under  the  Convoy,  of 
several  armed  Vessels  of  the  U.  States,  &  of  the  instruc- 
tions to  the  officer  Commanding  the  Convoy  he  was  ap- 
prised:" -  I  added;  that  the  presence  of  a  Naval  force, 
at  this  time,  at  Fort  Stoddart,  was  not  desired,  &  the 
sole  object  of  the  one,  then  within  view  of  Mobile,  was 
to  give  safety  to  the  vessel  charged  with  Military  Stores ; 
-  were  I  therefore  previously  assured,  that  such  Vessel 
would  receive  no  detention,  or  other  molestation  by  the 
Spanish  Troops  under  his  Command,  the  armed  Vessels 
would  be  recalled,  &  ordered  to  their  former  Stations." 
Colo.  Maxent  would  not  enter  into  the  discussion  of  the 
question  of  right;  But  observed  that  he  was  dependent 
upon  the  Captain  General  of  Cuba,  whose  orders  were 
not  to  permit  the  passage  of  armed  Vessels,  or  Vessels 
with  Troops  or  ammunition."  But  that  an  officer  should 
be  immediately  dispatched  to  the  Havana,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  stating  to  the  Captain  General  the  difficulty  that 
had  occurred,  &  requesting  his  further  orders, —  //  iu  tlie 
meantime,  I  would  suspend  all  further  operations  on  my 
part,  &  he  proposed,  that  I  should  grant  him  (for  the  oc- 
casion) the  use  of  a  fast  sailing  Vessel.  To  this  delay,  I 
would  not  assent,  and  adhered  to  my  demand  for  the  im- 
mediate passage  of  the  Vessel  charged  with  Stores;— 
which  being  admitted,  the  present  difficulty  would  be  re- 
moved, but  I  stated  explicitly,  that  if  the  orders  of  the 
Captain  General  were  not  speedily  revoked,  our  authori- 


302         -  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

ties  &  duties  would  often  bring  us  into  conflict,  since  the 
uninterrupted  use  of  the  Waters  of  the  Mobile  by  Amer- 
ican Vessels  of  every  description,  ivould  be  asserted  & 
concluded  with  observing,  that  it  would  be  more  agree- 
able to  me,  were  he  to  commit  to  writing,  such  further 
propositions,  as  he  was  disposed  to  offer.  It  may  be 
proper  here  to  inform  you  that  Colo.  Maxent  delivered 
himself  in  Spanish;  a  Language  I  do  not  understand,  nor 
was  there  a  Gentleman  of  my  suite  who  could  act  as  an 
interpreter ; —  I  was  indebted  therefore  to  Captain  Pier- 
nass  (Secretary  to  Colo.  Maxent)  for  a  French  transla- 
tion ; —  The  conversation  on  my  part  was  holden  in  Eng- 
lish &  afterwards  translated  into  French. —  Under  these 
circumstances,  it  is  not  improbable,  but  we  might  have 
misapprehanded  each  other  on  some  immaterial  points; 
But  I  am  sure  I  have  given  you  the  substance  of  what 
passed.— 

In  conformity  to  my  wish,  Colo.  Maxent  on  the  after- 
noon of  the  7th  addressed  me  a  Letter  of  which  the  en- 
closed No  1.  is  a  Copy,  proposing  that  the  Vessels  with 
Stores,  should  pass  by  way  of  the  River  Tensaw,  witli- 
out  the  reach  of  the  cannon  of  the  Fort  of  Mobile.— 
This  proposition  being  wholly  inadmissable  I  returned 
instanter,  the  answer  No.  2,  &  insisted  on  my  first  de- 
mand. On  the  following  day  the  Colo,  made  me  the  Com- 
munication No.  3: —  It  manifested  a  Conciliatory  dispo- 
sition &  in  effect,  yielded  the  point  contended  for.  I 
therefore  returned  the  answer  No.  4,  &  a  Letter  from 
Colo.  Maxent  of  which  No.  5  is  a  Copy  dosed  our  Corre- 
spondence.— The  most  satisfactory  assurances  having 
been  thus  given  me,  that  the  Vessels  with  Stores  for  Fort 
Stoddart  would  not  be  detained  or  otherwise  molested,  & 
considering  the  particular  object  for  which  the  Convoy 
was  ordered,  as  being  attained,  I  made  to  our  Naval  Com- 
mander near  Mobile  a  Communication  of  which  No.  (1  is 
a  Copy,  &  one  also  to  the  Commanding  officer  at  Fort 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBOENE.        303 

Stoddart,  of  which  No.  7.  is  a  Copy.—  The  unauthori- 
tative  stile  of  my  letter  to  the  Naval  Commander,  you 
Avill  attribute  to  the  circumstance,  that  my  requisition  for 
a  Convoy  was  addressed  to  the  Superior  Naval  Officer  on 
the  New  Orleans  Station  Commodore  Shaw, — by  whom 
special  orders  were  given  to  the  Commander  of  the  Con- 
voy ;  therefore  that  the  latter  was  bound  to  obey  any  sub- 
sequent instructions  from  me,  &  the  language  of  entreaty 
was  used  under  an  impression,  it  was  most  proper- 
would  be  best  received,  &  equally  calculated  to  effect  my 
object. — 

On  yesterday  evening  Colo.  Maxent  took  his  leave,  giv- 
ing me  to  understand,  that  he  should  forward  an  officer 
to  the  Captain  General  of  Cuba  for  further  orders,  &  in 
the  mean  time,  he  hoped,  no  new  difficultys  would  arise.— 

I  had  written  thus  much  Sir,  when  Capt.  Farragut,— 
who  had  left  this  place  late  on  the  evening  of  the  5th 
Inst:  with  my  Letter  of  that  date  to  the  Naval  Com- 
mander near  Mobile,  requesting  a  suspension  of  his  op- 
erations, delivered  me  an  answer  from  that  officer,  by 
which  I  was  informed,  that  previous  to  the  receipt  of  my 
dispatch,  the  Vessel  ivith  Military  Stores,  had  passed  on 
to  Fort  Stoddart;  But  for  the  particulars,  I  beg  leave  to 
refer  you,  to  the  answer  itself,  of  which  the  enclosed 
marked  A.  is  a  Copy. —  The  Vessel  with  Colo.  Maxent 
on  board,  being  still  at  anchor  within  view,  I  have  this 
moment  dispatched  Captn  Farragut  with  a  note  advis- 
ing him  of  the  Intelligence  from  Mobile; —  It  ought  not, 
&  I  presume  will  not  excite  surprise. —  Since  I  suggested 
in  Conversation  with  Colo.  Maxent  my  apprehensions, 
that  my  Letter  of  the  5th  would  not  reach  the  Naval  Com- 
mander in  time,  to  produce  the  object  desired,  for  his  or- 
ders were  imperative,  &  it  was  probable  he  had  attempted 
to  carry  them  into  immediate  effect. — 

I  have  now  Sir,  ended  my  long  narrative;  It  has  been 
rendered  the  more  particular  from  the  wish  I  feel,  that 


304  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

my  whole  agency  in  this  business  should  be  brought  to 
the  view  of  the  President, —  since  next  to  an  approving 
conscience,  his  approbation  is  to  me,  the  most  desirable. 
If  the  principle  I  have  contended  for,  to  with  the  right  of 
the  U.  States  to  the  uninterrupted  use  of  the  Waters  of 
the  Mobile,  be  approved,  events  will  probably  again  arise, 
to  put  the  question  of  right  at  issue. —  In  which  case,  & 
should  the  Sanish  Agents  at  Mobile,  be  so  far  the  aggres- 
sors, as  to  fire  on  an  American  Vessel  peacefully  navi- 
gating the  Mobile,  I  should  be  happy  to  learn  the  manner, 
in  which  the  President  would  wish  the  aggression  to  be 
resented. —  I  have  every  reason  to  believe,  that  the  re- 
tention of  the  Fort  of  Mobile,  is  at  the  present  crisis  a 
favorable  object  with  the  Spanish  Agents;  &  has  been 
the  cause  of  their  acquiescence  in  the  demand,  fro  the 
passage  of  the  Vessel  charged  with  Military  Stores,  lest 
a  refusal,  might  bring  in  a  state  of  things,  that  would 
eventuate  in  the  fall  of  the  Post. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be, 
Sir, 

With  great  Respect 

your  mo :  ob :  Servt 
(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  James  Monroe 

New  Orleans  July  18th  1811. 
This  Letter  was  not  Sent ;  for  a 
Communication  on  the  same  subject, 
see  page  353. 
Secrety  of  State. 
Sir, 

I  returned  hence  from  Pascagoula  on  the  evening  of 
the  15th  Ins:,  &  had  the  pleasure  to  find,  that  the  public 
service  had  received  no  inconvenience  from  my  late  ab- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  305 

sence.     My  official  letter  of  the  9th  Inst ;  informed  you  of 
the  arrangement  of  the  difficulty  at  Mobile; —  I  cannot 
however  withhold  from  your  information  of  the  very  se- 
rious embarrassments,  to  which  the  possession  of  that 
place,  by  a  Foreign  Force  subject  me. —  In  conformity  to 
the  spirit  &  Letter  of  the  President's  Proclamation;  &  in 
the  exercise  of  my  Powers,  I  declared  by  ordinance  that 
the  country  extending  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Per- 
dido,  should  compose  one  County  by  the  name  of  Felici- 
ana ; —  By  subsequent  ordinances,  I  divided  that  County, 
into  several  Parishes,  &  to  avoid  (for  the  time  being)  the 
difficulty  which  presented  itself  at  Mobile,  I  limited  the 
most  Eastern  Parish  Pascagoula  by  Dog  River;  But  at 
the  late  session  of  the  Legislature  of  the  Territory  of 
Orleans,  Laws  were  passed  according  to  the  County  of 
Feliciana  five  Representatives  to  the  General  Assembly; 
For  erecting  the  said  County  into  a  Superior  Court  Dis- 
trict &  for  levying  within  the  same  a  Tax. —  The  Bounds 
also  of  the  Parishes  in  Feliciana  were  altered  by  the  Leg- 
islature, and  Pascagoula  made  to  extend  to  the  Perdido. 
To  execute  these  several  Laws  is  a  duty  devolving  upon 
me: —  But  the  Spanish  Force  at  Mobile  presents  a  seri- 
our  difficulty,  unless  I  were  authorized  to  drive  it  out. — 
Under  these  circumstances,  I  beg  your  advice  as  to  the 
course  proper  for  me  to  pursue. —  I  have  appointed  a 
Gentleman,  who  resides  in  a  Settlement  lying  between 
the  Mobile  and  the  Perdido,  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  &  I 
design  so  soon  as  I  can  select  a  suitable  Character,  to 
send  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  to  the  Town  of  Mobile.—  In 
the  event  however,  that  the  Spanish  Agents  should  op- 
pose the  authority  of  my  officer  at  the  Town  of  Mobile, 
what  measures  ought  I  to  adopt  ?     I  consider  myself  (un- 
der the  Letter  of  the  President's  Proclamation)  author- 
ized to  assume  Jurisdiction  over  the  Town  of  Mobile, 

V— 20 


306        •  MISSISSIPPI     TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

since  the  Spanish  Force  (has  for  several  Weeks  past) 
confined  itself  exclusively  to  the  Fort;— 

I  have  the  honor  to  be 

yours  &c@ 
(signed)     AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Col.  Covington 

(Private) 

New  Orleans  18  July  1811. 
Fort  Stoddart. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  arrived  hence  on  the  evening  of  the  15th  Inst:, 
greatly  fatigued,  &  a  little  unwell. —  But  my  health  is 
now  sufficiently  restored  to  meet  the  mass  of  business  in 
my  office,  which  accumulated  during  my  absence. 

Had  I  time,  I  would  Copy  &  transmit  to  you,  the 
Correspondence  between  Colo.  Maxent  &  myself. —  But 
my  last  Letter  to  him  will  fully  explain,  the  ultimate 
arrangement  &  of  which  I  now  enclose  a  Copy  for  your 
Sole  perusal.— 

If  the  Government  approves  the  stand  I  have  taken, 
events  will  follow,  that  must  again  bring  me  in  conflict 
with  the  Spanish  Agents,  unless  the  orders  of  the  Cap- 
tain General  are  by  them  wholly  disobeyed. 

Can  you  recommend  to  me  two  suitable  persons,  to 
act  as  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  the  settlements,  between  the 
Mobile  and  the  Perdido?  By  an  act  of  the  Territorial 
Legislature,  the  Parish  of  Pascagoula,  is  made  to  extend 
to  the  Perdido!  Can  you  recommend  to  me  a  suiable 
person  to  act  as  Parish  Judge  in  said  Parish,  a  man  of 
Integrity,  firmness  £  Talents!  AYrite  me  I  pray  you  by 
the  return  Mail. 

The  last  intelligence  from  Genl.  Wilkinson  was  favor- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        307 

able; —  His  persecutions  are  drawing  to  a  Close  &  his 
Country  will  again  be  just  to  him.— 
I  wish  you  health  and  happiness 

Your  friend 
(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Jidien  Poydras 

( Private ) .  New  Orleans  July  18th  1811. 

Pointe  Coupee 
Dear  Sir, 

On  my  return  hence  from  Pascagoula,  on  the  evening 
of  the  15th  Inst:,  I  received  the  very  friendly  Letter, 
which  you  were  good  enough  to  write  me.  I  congratulate 
you  on  your  return  to  your  agreeable  Home  &  I  hope  & 
trust  that  a  grateful  people  have  given  you  a  hearty 
welcome!  for  faithful  public  services,  next  to  conscious 
rectitude,  the  most  pleasing  reward,  is  the  public  appro- 
bation ;  of  the  first,  you  cannot  I  know  be  deprived,  &  of 
the  last  also,  I  verily  believe  you  are  in  the  full  posses- 
sion of. 

I  wish  much  to  see  and  to  converse  with  you  on  sub- 
jects interesting  to  our  Common  Country. —  The  duties 
devolving  upon  the  Convention,  are  of  the  utmost  im- 
portance, &  it  is  incumbent  on  every  Citizen  to  take  care 
that  honest  men  whose  objects  are  pure  &  patriotic, 
should  be  returned !  Your  services  on  this  occasion  will 
not  I  hope  be  withholden.  Good  Men,  wish  your  election, 
and  you  will  disappoint  your  friends,  if  you  do  not  be- 
come a  Candidate  for  the  County  of  Pointe  Coupee. 
Here  Sir,  Intrigue  is  the  order  of  the  day!  ~\Vo  have 
Candidates  innumerable!  among  many  others,  Living- 
ston, Massero,  Moreau  Lislet,  Fromentin,  Dubigny, 
James  Brown,  and  Watkins  have  their  partisans,  &  will 
I  am  told  be  warmly  supported!  How  far  the  Planters 
may  be  opposed  to  their  election  I  know  not ! 


308  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

In  the  County  of  Rapide  you  have  a  friend,  that  might 
be  of  great  service  at  the  approaching  election  for  the 
Convention!  Mr.  Alexander  Planche  at  Avoyelle  has 
(deservedly)  great  Influence  with  his  Neighbours ; —  ad- 
vise him  to  offer  himself,  or  to  give  his  support  to  some 
honest  Men —  Residents  &  freeholders  in  the  County. 
I  wish  you  health  &  happiness 

(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Thos  C.  Warren 

New  Orleans  July  18th  1811. 

St.  Tammany. 
Sir, 

Desirous  to  avail  the  public  of  your  services  as  Judge 
of  the  Parish  of  St.  Tammany,  I  have  the  honor  to  en- 
close you  a  Commission.— 

Previous  to  your  Commencing  the  duties  of  your  of- 
fice, it  is  necessary,  that  you  enter  into  Bond,  to  the  Gov- 
ernor of  the  Territory,  (with  two  sureties)  for  the  sum 
of  five  thousand  Dollars,  conditioned  for  the  faithful  dis- 
charge of  your  duties. —  The  form  of  the  Bond  enclosed, 
which  you  will  be  pleased  to  transmit  to  me,  as  soon  as  it 
is  executed. 

I  send  you  by  this  opportunity,  a  Copy  of  the  Civil 
Code,  &  several  Copies  of  the  Laws  passed  at  the  late 
session  of  the  Legislature,  which  last  you  will  distribute 
(retaining  one  Copy  for  your  own  use)  among  the  several 
Civil  officers  of  your  Parish. 

I  am  &c@ 

(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborno 
P.  S. 

It  is  also  necessary,  that  previous  to  your  doing 
business  you  should  take  an  Oath  of  Office,  &  also  an  Oath 
to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  U.  States,  which  Oaths 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        309 

I  do  hereby  authorize,  any  Citizen  duly  Commissioned 
as  Justice  of  the  peace  for  the  Parish  of  St.  Tammany 
to  administer. 

W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  Judge  Toulmin 

Private.  New  Orleans  July  19th  1811 

near  Fort  Stoddart 


Dear  Sir, 

I  arrived  hence  on  the  evening  of  the  15th  Inst :  from 
Pascagoula. 

The  possession  of  the  Fort  of  Mobile  by  a  Spanish 
Force  is  really  a  source  of  great  embarrassment,  &  I  am 
not  certain,  what  course  is  most  proper  to  pursue ; —  But 
my  best  Judgment  must  direct  me. 

By  my  own  ordinance,  the  Eastward  Limit  of  the 
County  of  Feliciana  is  declared  to  be  the  Perdido — &  by 
certain  Acts  of  the  Legislature  five  Representatives  are 
accorded  to  the  County  of  Feliciana;  It  is  made  to  com- 
pose a  Superior  Court  District,  and  a  Tax  is  to  be  levied 
within  the  said  County. —  My  Ordinance  limited  the  Par- 
ish of  Pascagoula  Eastwardly,  by  Dog  River : —  But  an 
Act  of  the  Legislature  has  since  extended  the  said  parish 
to  the  Perdido.  Under  these  circumstances,  I  cannot  do 
less  than  Commission  such  Civil  officers/as  may  be  nec- 
essary to  the  due  execution  of  the  Law ; —  with  this  view, 
I  beg  you  to  give  me  the  name  of  a  Citizen,  who  would 
be  willing  to  reside  at  the  Town  of  Mobile  as  a  Justice 
of  the  Peace,  and  who  in  your  opinion,  would  discharge 
his  duties  with  firmness  and  Integrity.— 

I  am  Sir, 

With  Esteem 

Your  1110  :  ob :  Servt 
(Signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


310  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

To  Commodore  Sliaw 

New  Orleans  July  20th  1811 
New  Orleans. 
Sir, 

In  the  course  of  my  late  correspondence  with  Colo. 
Maxent,  I  stated  explicitly,  that  the  free  and  uninter- 
rupted use  of  the  Waters  of  the  Mobile,  was  a  right  ap- 
pertaining to  American  Vessels  whether  armed  or  un- 
armed, and  that  whenever  the  occasion  required,  that 
right  would  be  insisted  on.— 

If  at  any  time  therefore  Sir,  the  public  service  should 
make  it  convenient,  that  one  or  more  of  the  armed  Ves- 
sels under  your  Command,  should  ascend  the  Mobile  to 
any  Point  above  the  Fort  at  present  in  the  occupancy  of 
Spanish  Troops,  you  will  be  pleased  to  issue  your  or- 
ders accordingly.— 

I  am  Sir,  &c— 
(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Jud()e  John  so  a, 

New  Orleans  20th.  July  1811. 
Parish  St  Mary 


Sir, 

I  have  received  your  Letter  of  the  2()th.  Tito.  Your 
sureties  are  approved,  and  the  Bond  duly  filed  in  the 
Secretary's  office,  you  have  enclosed  a  Commission  for 
Mr.  Riggs  which  you  will  be  pleased  to  deliver  and  admin- 
ister to  him  the  Oath  of  Office.— 

I  will  certainly  visit  your  Parish  in  the  course  of  the 
summer ;  but  I  cannot  at  present  name  the  time. —  I  thank 
you  for  your  friendly  offer,  &  will  with  pleasure  avail 
myself  of  the  same.— 

I  am  Sir,  &ea 
(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        311 


To  James  Neilson 

New  Orleans  July  20th  1811 


Baton  Rouge. 


Dear  Sir,— 

On  my  return  from  Pascagoula  a  few  days  since,  I 
had  the  pleasure  to  receive  your  Letter  of  the  20th  Ulto. 

The  embarrassments  to  which  you  are  subjected  on 
account  of  the  Contracts  entered  into  under  authority  of 
the  Florida  Convention  is  to  me,  cause  of  regret  ;• —  I  can 
however  only  repeat  to  you,  that  the  Executive  Govern- 
ment of  the  U:  States  is  informed  of  these  Contracts,  & 
that  I  remain,  without  instructions  upon  the  subject. 

The  Laws  of  the  last  session  of  the  Legislature  have 
been  sent  to  the  Parish  Judge  of  Baton  rouge,  &  by  him 
you  will  be  presented  with  a  Copy.— 

The  manner  in  which  the  4th  of  July  has  been  cele- 
brated at  Baton  Rouge  does  Credit  to  the  Civil  and  Mili- 
tary Authorities: —  I  sincerely  wish  the  present  harmony 
between  them  may  long  exist,  &  that  the  time  may  never 
come  when  the  Birthday  of  American  freedom  shall  cease 
to  be  hailed  as  a  Jubilee  by  every  virtuous  Citizen. 
I  wish  you  health  and  happiness. 

(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Albert  GaUatin 

New  Orleans  21st  Julv  1811. 


(Private) 

Secy  of  the  Treasury. 


Dear  Sir, 

Your  private  Letter  of  the  25th  of  May  (with  its  en- 
closures) did  not  reach  me  until  a  few  days  ago.—  This 
delay  is  attributable  to  my  late  absence  from  the  City, 


312  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

on  a  Journey  towards  Mobile,  for  the  purpose  of  meet- 
ing a  difficulty  that  had  occured,  relative  to  the  passage 
of  a  Vessel  by  the  Fort  of  Mobile,  &  which  has  since 
been  accommodated.— 

Your  Letter  to  the  Land  Commissioners  for  the 
Western  District  expose  (conclusively)  the  error  of 
their  proceedings,  and  will  I  hope  put  an  end  to  deci- 
sions so  manifestly  opposed  to  the  Laws. —  But  I  have 
not  yet  been  furnished  with  the  Copy  of  the  Commission- 
ers answer,  which  you  instructed  them  to  send  me. —  Will 
you  be  pleased  therefore  Sir,  to  inform  me  how  long  I 
am  to  await  a  Copy  of  the  answer,  and  in  the  event  that 
no  such  Copy  be  sent  me,  in  what  manner  I  am  to  dis- 
pose of  the  Sealed  Letter  to  Messrs.  William  Garrard 
and  Gideon  Fitz.— 
I  am 
Sir, 

With  groat  Respect 

your  mo  :  ob  :  Serv- 
( signed )     W.  C.  C.  Claiborno. 


To  James  Monroe 

New  Orleans  July  24th  1811. 


Secy  of  State. 


Sir, 

I  returned  hence  from  Pascagoula  on  the  evening  of 
the  15th  Inst :,  &  had  the  pleasure  to  find  that  the  public 
service  sustained  no  inconvenience  from  my  absence.— 
My  official  Letter  of  the  9th  Instant  advised  you  of  the 
arrangement  of  the  difficulty  at  Mobile.  I  cannot  how- 
ever, withold  from  you,  information  of  the  very  serious 
embarrassments,  to  which  I  am  still  subjected.  In  con- 
formity to  the  Spirit  and  Letter  of  the  President's  Proc- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLA1BORNE.  313 

lamation,  and  in  the  exercise  of  my  powers,  I  declared 
by  Ordinance  that  the  Country  extending  from  the  Mis- 
sissippi to  the  Perdido,  should  compose  one  County  by  the 
name  of  Feliciana;  By  subsequent  ordinances,  I  divided 
the  County  into  several  parishes,  &  to  avoid  (for  the 
time  being)  the  difficulty  which  presented  itself  at  Mo- 
bile, I  limited  the  most  Eastern  Parish  (Pascagoula)  by 
Dog  Biver.  But  at  the  late  session  of  the  Legislature 
of  the  Territory  of  Orleans,  Laws  were  passed  accord- 
ing to  the  County  of  Feliciana,  five  Representatives  to 
the  General  Assembly; —  For  erecting  the  said  County 
into  a  Superior  Court  District  &  for  levying  within  the 
same  a  Tax. —  The  Bounds  also  of  the  Parishes  in  Feli- 
ciana were  altered  by  the  Legislature  &  and  the  Parish 
of  Pascagoula  made  to  extend  to  the  Perdido. —  To  exe- 
cute these  several  Laws  is  a  duty  devolving  upon  me.— 
But  the  Spanish  force  at  Mobile  presents  a  serious  diffi- 
culty, unless  I  were  authorised  to  drive  it  out. —  I  have 
appointed  a  Gentleman,  who  resides  in  a  settlement  ly- 
ing between  the  Mobile  &  the  Perdido  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  &  I  have  in  contemplation  to  send  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace  to  the  Town  of  Mobile. —  The  Spanish  force  has 
for  several  wreeks  past  confined  itself,  exclusively  to  the 
Fort  of  Mobile,  &  in  Consequence,  I  consider  myself  au- 
thorized, (under  the  President's  Proclamation)  to  assume 
Jurisdiction  over  the  Town. —  In  the  event  however, 
that  the  authority  of  my  officer,  should  be  opposed  by 
the  Spanish  Agents,  I  shall  feel  greatly  relieved,  if  you 
would  advise  the  measures,  proper  to  be  observed  on  my 
part." 

Having  in  my  Correspondence  with  Colo.  Maxent  de- 
clared, that  the  free  and  uninterrupted  use  of  the  Wa- 
ters of  the  Mobile,  was  a  right  appertaining  to  all  Ves- 
carrying  the  Flag  of  the  IT.  States,  whether  armed 

1  See  Hamilton's  Colonial  Mobile. 


314      .  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

or  unarmed,  I  have  addressed  a  Letter  to  Commodore 
Shaw,  of  which  the  enclosed  is  a  Copy,  requesting,  "that 
whenever  the  Public  Service  requires,  that  one  or  more 
of  the  Armed  Vessels  under  his  Command,  should  as- 
cend the  Mobile  to  any  point,  above  the  Fort,  he  would 
issue  his  orders  to  that  effect," — 
I  have  the  honor  to  be, 
Sir, 

With  great  Respect 

Your  mo :  ob  Ser 
(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Albert  GaUatin 

New  Orleans  24  July  1811. 
Secy  of  the  Treasury. 


Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  an  Account  of  the 
Contingent  expences  of  my  department,  for  the  two  first 
quarters  of  the  present  year  1811, —  including  also  the 
payment  of  $374  Dollars  to  John  Vassant  for  his  ser- 
vices as  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  the  Terri- 
tory, for  the  year  1810. —  which  account  I  bog  you  Sir, 
to  have  examined,  &  the  amount  passed  to  my  Credit. 
By  the  appropriation  Law  for  the  year  1811,  the  sum  of 
one  thousand  Dollars  is  appropriated  to  moot  the  defi- 
ciency in  the  appropriation  for  the  Contingent  expences 
of  my  Department  for  the  year  1810, —  &  which  sum  be- 
ing sufficient  to  enable  me  to  make  the  payment  above 
stated  to  Mr  Vassant  &  to  cover  also  my  expenditures 
for  the  1st.  quarter  of  that  year  (1810). —  I  bog  that  the 
account  of  the  same  which  was  duly  transmitted  to  your 
Department  may  be  examined,  &  the  amount  also,  passed 
to  mv  Credit. — 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        315 

The  delay  in  transmitting  the  enclosed  accounts,  you 
will  attribute  to  two  causes,  first,  that  the  first  quarter 
had  expired  previous  to  my  knowing  the  amount  of  the 
appropriation,  &  the  second,  that  my  late  absence  from 
New  Orleans,  prevented  me  from  making  out  the  state- 
ment at  an  earlier  period.  I  am  Sir, 

Your  ob  serv 
(Signed)     W.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Benj.  Hawkins 

Creek  Agency.          New  Orleans  July  26th  1811 
Dear  Sir, 

I  have  received  your  Letter  of  the  10th  Instant,  to- 
gether with  its  enclosure. —  There  are  several  News- 
papers in  this  City, —  But  none  of  them  has  yet  acquired 
a  high  reputation.  The  Louisiana  Courrier,  is  in  my 
opinion  Conducted  with  the  most  Talent,  and  presents 
also  much  local  information;  I  have  therefore  had  your 
name  put  down  as  a  subscriber,  and  paid  the  Editor  five 
Dollars,  in  advance  as  you  will  perceive  from  the  en- 
closed Receipt. — 

The  State  of  things  at  Mobile  is  really  embarrassing, 
The  Spanish  Authorities  manifest  no  disposition  to 
retire;  On  the  contrary,  the  retaining  possession,  seems 
to  be  a  favorite  object. —  My  impression  is,  that  the 
United  States  must  ultimately  resort  to  force,  and  that 
to  delay  it  much  longer,  will  not  Comport  with  the  honor 
of  the  Government.— 

I  wish  you  health  and  happiness. 

I  am 

Dear  Sir 

With  Respect  £  Esteem, 
(Sigd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


316      -  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

To  Col.  Covington 

(Private) 

New  Orleans  July  28th  1811. 
Commandg  Officer 
at  Fort  Stoddart, 


Dear  Sir, 

It  is  confidently  expected,  that  no  Vessel  carrying 
the  American  Flag  will  for  the  future,  meet  detention 
at  Mobile,  or  any  other  Molestation  by  the  Spanish  Gar- 
rison; should  however  an  occurrence  of  this  kind,  come 
to  your  knowledge,  I  beg  you  to  advise  me  thereof.— 

The  Letters  of  Governor  Folch  to  Mr.  Secretary 
Smith  &  Colo.  MeKee,  as  published  in  the  News-papers, 
I  take  it  for  granted  are  genuine; —  It  is  matter  of  re- 
gret, that  our  Government  should  so  readily  have  met 
those  overtures ;  its  Credulity  affords  much  Mirth  to  the 
enemies  of  the  administration. 

I  am  Dear  Sir, 
(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Albert  GaUatin 

New  Orleans  July  28th  1811. 
Private. 
Secy  of  the  Treasury 


Dear  Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  to  you,  a  Letter  from  the 
Opelousas  Land  Commissioners,  which  was  forwarded 
under  Cover  to  me,  &  left  open  for  my  perusal. —  Ob- 
serving from  its  Contents,  that  these  Commissioners  in 
Conformity  to  the  instructions  of  the  President,  will 
"suspend  their  decisions  £  the  issuing  of  Certificates  in 
cases  of  order  of  survey  £  requ'ete  not  accompanied 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       317 

with  Settlement,  "I  now  return  to  you  Sir,  the  Letter 
directed  to  Messrs.  William  Garrard  &  Gideon  Fitz 
Esqrs.  which  had  been  committed  to  my  care. 

I  am  &ca 
(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Col  Z.  Pike 
Private 

New  Orleans  July  28th.  1811 
of  the  U.  States  Army 
Baton  Rouge 


Dear  Sir, 

I  have  before  me,  your  letter  of  the  12th.  of  July.— 

The  enquiry  respecting  Colo.  Smith's  visit  to  Terre 
aux  Boeuf,  was  made  of  me  the  past  summer,  by  Genl. 
Wilkinson.  My  impression  then  was  &  stil  is,  that  Colo. 
Smith  was  not  of  the  Company  when  Genl.  Wilkinson  & 
myself  first  visited  Terre  aux  Boeuf. —  But  I  cannot  an- 
swer with  entire  Certainty. — 

You  have  heard  of  the  arrangement  of  the  difficulty 
at  Mobile ; —  I  entered  into  no  treaty  with  Colo.  Maxent 
as  is  stated  in  the  Newspapers. —  A  passage  for  the  Pow- 
der Vessel  was  required  and  acceded  to,  &  Colo.  Max- 
ent was  informed,  that  the  free  use  of  the  Navigation  of 
the  Waters  of  the  Mobile,  was  considered  as  a  right  ap- 
pertaining to  all  American  Vessels  armed  and  unarmed, 
&  would  be  insisted  on  whenever  the  occasion  demend- 
ed.- 

The  persecuted  old  Veteran,  will  yet  do  well ;  the 
last  accounts  from  Washington,  assure  me,  that  the  hour 
of  his  deliverance  will  soon  follow  the  mooting:  of  the 


318  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

Court,  &  that  his  Government  is  disposed  to  render  him 
ample  Justice.— 

I  probably  shall  have  the  pleasure  of  seeing  you  at 
Baton  Rouge  in  12  or  14  days.  I  am  Dear  Sir 

(signed)     AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


m.  New  Orleans  July  29th.  1811. 

The  Honble. 

The  Charge  des  Affaires 
of  the  United  States 


near  the  English  Govt. 


Sir, 

I  take  the  liberty  to  recommend  to  your  protection, 
Mr.  Soniat  Dufossat  (a  native  of  Louisiana  &  the  Son 
of  a  highly  esteemed  Citizen)  who  is  on  his  way  to 
France,  with  a  view  of  attending  to  some  private  af- 
fairs of  his  family.— 

Mr.  Soniat  is  young  &  inexperienced,  and  will  be 
greatly  benefitted  by  your  friendly  Countenance ; —  May 
I  particularly  ask  of  you  the  goodness  to  point  out  to 
Mr.  Soniat,  the  best  means  of  obtaining  a  passage  for 
France,  &  to  interest  yourself  in  his  behalf  should  a 
passport  from  the  English  Government  be  necessary. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be, 
Sir 

Your  mo :  ob :  S— 
(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Thoniax  McCoy 

Chickasaw  Agency.          New  Orleans  30th.  1811.— 
Sir, 

I  now  return  to  you  three  Bank  Notes  of  fifty  Dollars 
each,  which  you  forwarded  to  mo  under  Cover  of  a  Let- 
ter of  the  21st.  Ulto.—  These  notes  were  presented  at 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        319 

the  Branch  Bank  in  this  City,  &  are  declared  Counter- 
feit &  marked  as  such  by  the  Cashier.— 

I  am  Sir, 

Your  mo.  ob. 
(Sigd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Albert  Gallatin 
Private 

New  Orleans  July  30th.  1811 
Dear  Sir, 

I  have  this  day  drawn  upon  you  for  three  hundred 
Dollars,  payable  at  thirty  days  sight  to  Peter  A.  B.  Du- 
plessis  or  order.—  This  Bill  meets  the  Sum,  I  have  ad- 
vanced to  Mr.  Albert  Gallatin  of  Orleans,  as  will  appear 
from  the  enclosed  Receipt. — 
I  am 

Dear  Sir, 

With  great  Respect 
and  Esteem, — 

your  mo :  ob :  St. 
(Sig'd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Judge  Carr 
Nachitoches  New  Orleans  July  30th.  1811 


Sir, 

Your  letter  of  the  4th.  Inst.  reached  me  a  few  days 
since.  The  Robbery  of  the  Spaniards  is  matter  of  re- 
gret.—  The  punishment  of  such  offences  is  greatly  to  be 
desired,  &  with  a  view  to  their  prevention  for  the  future, 
the  Civil  Magistrates  should  exercise  the  most  active 
vigilance.— 


320  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

In  the  event,  that  information  be  given  you,  that  the 
Robbery  was  committed  within  the  Tract  of  Country  ly- 
ing East  of  the  Sabine,  you  cannot  I  presume  do  wrong 
in  causing  the  offenders  to  be  arrested,  and  either  com- 
mit, or  bind  them  to  appear  at  the  next  Superior  Court 
for  the  Nachitoches  District.— 

The  question  of  Jurisdiction  can  best  be  determined 
by  the  Court,  &  in  support  of  it  the  late  Act  of  Congress, 
authorizing  the  people  of  Orleans  to  form  a  Constitution 
or  State  Government  &  which  declares,  that  the  new 
State  shall  extend  Westwardly  to  the  middle  of  the 
River  Sabine,  may  be  urged.— 

As  regards  the  project  of  attacking  Nachitoches,  it  is 
advisable  that  you  cause  to  be  arrested,  &  bound  over 
to  their  good  behaviour  all  persons  engaged  in  the  same, 
or  against  whom  any  well  grounded  suspicions  exist.— 
If  a  Military  expedition  or  enterprise  against  the  Do- 
minions of  a  foreign  Prince  or  State,  at  peace  with  the 
United  States,  should  be  began  or  set  on  foot  within  the 
Territory  or  Jurisdiction  of  the  IT.  States,  any  person 
engaged  or  concerned  in  the  same  is  guilty  of  a  high  Mis- 
demeanor, &  by  an  Act  of  Congress,  passed  I  believe  in 
the  year  1794,  is  punishable  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  $3000. 
-  &  by  imprisonment,  not  exceeding  three  years.  Should 
you  find  the  Civil  Authority  inadequate  to  the  suppres- 
sion of  any  Military  expedition  or  enterprise  began  or 
set  on  foot  as  aforesaid,  you  will  apply  for  assistance  to 
the  Officer  Commanding  the  U.  States  Troops  at  Fort 
Claiborne,  &  to  Colo.  Shaumburg  of  the  Militia,  to  each  of 
whom  I  shall  write  by  this  occasion.— 
I  am  Sir,  Your  &ca 

(signed)         W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 

P.  S.  As  relates  to  the  tenure  of  the  Commissions  of 
the  Justices  of  the  Peace  for  the  several  Parishes,  my  im- 
pression is  that  they  are  holden  during  the  pleasure  of 
the  Governor  of  the  Territory  for  the  time  being. —  Jus- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       321 

tices  of  the  Peace  for  the  Counties  (formerly)  under  the 
Law  of  the  Territory,  &  in  conformity  to  the  first  act  of 
Congress  for  the  Government  of  the  Territory,  held  their 
Commissions  for  four  years. —  But  the  Act  of  the  Legis- 
lature erecting  Parishes  prescribes  no  term  of  office  for 
the  Justices  of  the  Peace,  nor  does  the  ordinance  by 
which  we  are  now  Governed.— 

W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  Col.  Shaumburg 

New  Orleans  30th  July  1811 


Nachitoches. 


Sir, 

Having  understood  that  sundry  Individuals  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Natchitoches,  had  associated  together 
&  with  a  view  to  plunder,  designed  to  carry  on  an  expedi- 
tion or  enterprise  against  the  Spanish  settlements  in 
your  vicinity,  you  will  on  the  application  of  the  Judge  of 
the  Parish  of  Natchitchoes,  give  to  the  Civil  Authority 
the  most  prompt  &  effectual  aid  in  suppressing  the  same, 
&  to  this  effect  you  will  order  out  the  whole,  or  such 
part  of  the  Regiment  of  Militia  under  your  Command, 
as  you  shall  deem  necessary.— 

I  am  Sir,  your  r :  ob :  st 

(signed)         W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  tlie  Officer  Commanding  at  Fort  Claiborne 

New  Orleans  30th.  July  1811 
Sir, 

Having  understood  that  several  Individuals  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Natchitoches,  had  associated  together 
with  a  view  to  plunder,  designed  to  carry  on  an  expedi- 

v— 21 


322        -  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

tion  or  enterprise,  against  the  Spanish  settlement  in  our 
Vicinity  &  it  being  doubtful  how  far  the  Civil  authority 
may  be  enabled  to  suppress  the  same,  I  have  to  request 
you  Sir  on  t)ie  application  of  the  judge  of  the  Parish 
of  Natchitoches,  to  give  to  the  Civil  Authority  the  most 
prompt  and  effectual  support.—  I  am  Sir, 

your  mo :  ob :  Sert, 
(sig'd)         W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  the  Consul  of  the  United  States  at  Liverpool 

New  Orleans  Augt.  1st.  1811. 
Sir, 

Permit  me  the  liberty  to  introduce  to  your  acquaint- 
ance, my  young  friend  Mr.  Soniat  Dufossat  a  native  of 
Louisiana,  (and  the  son  of  a  highly  respectable  Citizen  of 
this  Territory)  who  is  in  his  way  to  France,  with  a  view 
of  attending  to  some  private  affairs  in  which  his  family 
have  an  Interest.— 

The  youth  and  inexperience  of  Mr.  Soniat  Dufassat 
will  serve  as  my  apology  for  entreating  in  his  behalf,  the 
benefit  of  your  protection,  and  I  must  ask  of  you  the 
goodness  to  point  out  to  him  the  best  means  of  obtaining 
a  safe  and  speedy  conveyance  to  his  place  of  destination. 
I  have  the  honor  to,  Sir,  your  &c 

(signed)         W.  C.  C.  Claiborno. 


To  William  E  us!  is 

Now  Orleans  Auui  IM  1811. 


The  Secv  at  AVar. 


Sir, 

I  have  this  day  drawn  upon  you  for  $100  Dollrs  pay- 
able1 at  ten  days  sight  to  Smiths  &  Morrison  or  order, 
which  sum  T  have  expended  in  the  purchase  of  certain 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        323 

articles  of  Merchandises  presented  to  the  Chief  of  the 
Houmas  Indians  &  his  attendants  who  lately  visited  this 
City. —  The  Houmas  were  formerly  a  numerous  Tribe,  & 
occupied  the  greater  part  of  lower  Louisiana ;  their  con- 
duct was  always  most  friendly  towards  the  white  settlers 
&  from  the  different  Governors  of  Louisiana,  they  were 
accustomed  to  receive  marks  of  friendly  attention. —  At 
the  present  day,  the  number  of  this  Tribe  is  greatly  di- 
minished ;  it  does  not  exceed  80  souls, —  but  their  conduct 
is  exemplary  and  the  late  visit  of  the  Chief  being  the  first 
he  paid  me,  I  thought  it  a  matter  of  policy  to  make  him 
a  small  present. —  I  am,  Sir,  &ca 
-P  „  (signed)  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

-T.O. 

The  account  &  vouchers  are  enclosed. — 


Xew  Orleans 


To  Commodore  Shaiv 

New  Orleans  4  Augst  1811— 


The  Bearer  Charles  Robert  Dillon  is  the  Lad  Con- 
cerning whom  I  spoke  to  you  on  yesterday.  He  seems 
very  penitent  for  his  offence,  which  with  his  youth  and 
inexperience,  will  I  hope  induce  his  pardon.  Dillon  says, 
he  was  at  Baton  Rouge,  a  short  time  previous  to  the 
American  Government's  taking  possession;  But  that  ho 
thought  the  Lafourche  a  safer  refuge,  to  which  he  re- 
tired, &  cannot  therefore  claim  the  benefit  of  the  Presi- 
dent's pardon.  This  candid  declaration  recommends 
him  further  to  favor.— 

Mr.  Thomas  Dillon,  the  Father  of  this  Lad  was  an 
old  and  intimate  acquaintance  of  mine; —  he  was  a  na- 
tive of  Ireland,  of  accomplished  manners  &  education,  & 
of  the  strictest  integrity; —  But  pecuniary  misfortune 
thickened  on  him:  his  fortitude  forsook  him,  &  he  sunk 
the  Character  of  a  (ientleman  into  that  of  the  Sot.—-  I 
know  also  the  mother  of  the  Lad. —  She  was  an  amiable 


324  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL,     ARCHIVES. 

female,  a  native  of  Virginia,  &  connected  with  a  very  re- 
spectable family  in  that  State. —  I  should  suppose  the 
habits  of  Dillon  illy  fit  him  for  a  Mariner ; —  His  consti- 
tution also  seems  to  be  delicate,  &  his  mind  feeble. —  If 
the  state  of  the  service  permits,  &  your  powers  are  ade- 
quate, I  should  esteem  it  a  favor  conferred  on  me  were 
you  to  give  this  Lad  his  discharge. 

I  am  Dear  Sir,  &ca 
(Signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Judge  Lindsey 

New  Orleans  August  3rd  1811. 


Warren  Parish 


Sir, 

Your  several  Letters  have  been  received. —  The  sure- 
ties you  offer  are  satisfactory,  &  your  Bond  has  been  filed 
in  the  Secretary's  office. —  Enclosed  are  Commissions  for 
Samuel  Dorsey,  Thomas  Gibson,  John  Millikin,  & 
Thomas  Tomkins  as  Justices  of  the  Peace  which  you  will 
be  pleased  to  deliver  &  to  administer  to  each  Gentleman 
an  Oatli  to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  U.  States,  & 
also  an  Oatli  of  office. —  I  am  pleased  to  learn  of  Mr. 
Patterson's  acceptance  of  the  office  of  Sheriff,  and  have 
no  doubt,  but  he  will  discharge  his  duties  with  fidelity.— 

The  Laws  of  the  Territory  shall  be  transmitted  to 
your  Parish  by  the  first  opportunity. —  Do  you  not  think, 
that  the  population  of  Concordia  &  Warren  Parishes  is 
sufficiently  groat  to  form  a  Regiment?  I  wish  sincerely 
to  place  the  Militia  on  a  Respectable  footing,  but  in  doing 
so,  I  have  many  difficulties  to  encounter. 

I  am  Sir,  &ca 
P.S.  (sig'd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborno. 

I  enclose  you  also  a  Copy  of  my  Proclamation  direct- 
ing an  election  for  members  of  the  Convention.— 

w.  c.  c.  c, 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       325 

To  Thomas  A.  Rogers 

Private.  New  Orleans  Angst  3d  1811. 

Rogersville 
Tennessee. 

Dear  Sir, 

Your  letter  of  the  18th.  of  June  is  the  only  one  from 
you,  that  has  reached  me. — 

This  Territory  presents  fair  prospects  for  young  Men 
of  enterprise,  prudence  &  Talents,  and  Gentlemen  of  your 
professions,  have  met,  &  I  am  persuaded  will  continue  to 
meet  with  very  great  encouragement. —  But  here,  as  in 
every  other  part  of  the  U.  States,  we  have  Lawyers  of 
eminence,  &  a  young  Practitioner  ought  not  to  be  dis- 
couraged, should  he  find  the  rivalship  such,  as  to  exclude 
him  for  a  time  from  a  lucrative  practice. —  As  relates  to 
a  Clerkship,  which  would  be  pleasing  to  you,  there  is  at 
present  no  vacancy; —  Nor  is  any  likely  to  occur,  unless 
it  be  from  deaths. —  As  relates  the  patronage  of  office,  I 
can  only  say,  that  for  myself,  it  has  always  afforded  me 
a  pleasure  to  serve  young  Men  of  Merit  of  which  number, 
I  am  assured  you  are  one.  But  my  powers  as  a  Gov- 
ernor will  probably  be  soon  at  end,  since  by  an  Act  of 
Congress,  the  people  of  Orleans  have  authority  on  cer- 
tain conditions  to  form  a  Constitution  or  State  Govern- 
ment &  I  have  no  doubt  but  the  Convention,  which  meets 
in  November  next,  will  readily  accede  to  the  Conditions. 
-  Previous  however  to  selecting  your  place  of  residence, 
I  would  advise  you  to  visit  Orleans,  &  on  your  way  down 
to  call  at  Natchez,  &  to  take  a  view  of  the  adjacent  Coun- 
try.—  In  the  Mississippi  Territory,  a  young  Man  of  merit 
will  find  many  friends  &  a  warm  support. 

Presuming  that  you  are  a  Son  of  my  old  friend  Captn 
Rogers,  I  beg  you  to  present  to  him  &  to  your  amiable 
Mother,  my  best  wishes. 

I  am  Dr  Sir  &ca 
(sig'd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


326  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

To  Paul  Hamilton 

Private  New  Orleans  Augt  3d  1811. 

Secy  of  the  Navy. 


My  dear  Sir, 

Commodore  Shaw  has  acquainted  me  of  the  contents 
of  your  Letter  of  instruction  of  the  3d.  Ulto.  relative  to 
the  Commerce  of  the  Mobile,  from  which  I  perceive,  that 
the  measures  recently  taken  by  me,  to  secure  a  safe  pas- 
sage for  the  Vessel  with  Military  Stores  for  Fort  Stod- 
dart,  are  not  likely  to  be  approved.  I  shall  readily  re- 
trace my  steps  on  the  command  of  the  President,  and 
shall  sincerely  regret  if  my  conduct  in  this  particular, 
has  not  been  in  unison  with  the  wishes  of  the  Adminis- 
tration.—  I  considered  the  free  Navigation  of  the  Waters 
of  the  Mobile,  a  right  as  clearly  appertaining  to  Ameri- 
can Vessels,  as  was  that  of  the  Mississippi,  and  in  as 
much  as  the  Territory  of  Orleans  over  which  I  preside, 
is  declared  to  include  the  tract  of  Country  on  each  side 
of  the  Bay  of  Mobile,  it  seemed  to  me,  to  be  as  much  a 
duty  on  my  part,  to  oppose  violence  in  that  Quarter,  as 
on  the  Mississippi. —  But  perhaps  I  have  been  in  Error  ;— 
The  pacific  manner  however  in  which  the  difficulty  lias 
terminated,  is  matter  of  sincere  satisfaction,  and  will  I 
trust,  be  attended  with  beneficial  Results.— 

I  observe  by  the  papers  that  the  new  English  Envoy 
is  with  you ; —  I  trust  he  comes  prepared  to  make  atone- 
ment for  past  injuries,  &  to  give  some  surety  against 
their  repetition!  If  such  be  the  object  of  the  Mission,  I 
have  no  doubt  but  an  arrangement  alike  honorable  and 
satisfactory  to  both  Nations,  will  be  speedily  agreed 
on.— 

Your  interesting  Letter,  relative  to  the  affair  of  the 
little  Belt  was  received  a  few  days  after  my  return  from 
Pascagoula,  &  was  read,  T  assure  you  Sir,  with  the  most 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       327 

pleasing  sensations!  I  rejoice  at  the  occurence: —  It  is 
some  satisfaction  for  the  affair  of  the  Chessapeak;  It 
rescues  the  American  Character  from  those  humiliating 
suspicions  which  our  long  forbearance  had  engendered.— 
It  has  given  to  aggressors  a  lesson  from  which  they  may 
proffit; —  It  has  afforded  to  Commodore  Rogers  &  his 
officers  &  Crew,  an  occasion  to  exhibit  an  energy  of  Char- 
acter, honorable  to  themselves  &  to  the  Minister  under 
whose  orders  they  are  placed.— 

I  have  read  Mr.  Smith's  pamphlet. —  It  will  do  him 
much  harm,  &  on  that  account,  I  regret  its  publication.— 
As  relates  to  the  President  it  will  be  wholly  harmless  ;— 
many  will  believe  the  statements  incorrect,  others  will 
think  them  highly  colored,  &  few  indeed  will  attach  the 
smallest  importance  to  them. —  That  Mr.  Madison's  ad- 
ministration shauld  progress  without  opposition,  was  not 
to  have  been  expected ;  But  that  he  will  have  the  support 
of  the  great  Majority  of  the  nation,  I  am  assured  from 
the  evidence  of  Public  Confidence  he  has  already  re- 
ceived, &  my  firm  impression,  that  he  has  done,  as  much 
as  any  Man  in  these  times  could  have  done,  to  deserve 
that  Confidence.  Mr.  Smith  ought  to  have  gone  to 
Russia;  It  was  a  Mission  of  the  highest  importance  & 
not  unworthy  of  him.  I  have  always  wished  the  pros- 
perity of  Mr.  Smith ; —  whilst  at  the  head  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  State,  he  was  invariably  just  toAvards  me,  often 
friendly,  and  the  recollection  of  good  offices,  is  strongest 
on  my  mind,  when  those  by  whom  they  were  conf  ered,  are 
no  longer  in  a  situation  to  continue  them.  Mr.  Smith's 
publication  may  induce  the  Federalists  to  look  upon  him 
with  Complacency; —  But  their  smiles  are  deceptive  & 
Judas  like  they  will  kiss,  &  then  betray  him.1— 

The  armed  Vessels  on  this  Station  are  in  excellent 
order  £  the  officers  &  Crews  are  kept  by  Commodore 

1  The  best  account  of  Smith's  troubles  with  Madison  is  found  in 
Henry  Adams'  History  of  the  United  States,  1801-17. 


328       -  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

Shaw  on  active  duty. —  The  Navy  Agent  (Mr.  Smith) 
continues  to  evidence  a  faithful  regard  to  the  public  In- 
terests; &  will  I  am  persuaded,  check  as  far  as  he  can 
the  expenditures  of  this  very  expensive  station.— 

The  election  for  the  Convention  begins  to  excite  much 
attention,  &  the  Candidates  for  the  public  suffrage  are 
vastly  numerous. —  For  myself  I  shall  decline  taking  any 
part  whatever  in  this  contest;  My  popularity  such  as  it 
is,  shall  be  put  on  trial  under  the  States  authority.— 
My  political  opponents,  my  personal  enemies  (two  of 
whom  Messrs.  Robertson  &  Prevost  were  lately  at  Wash- 
ington) seem  solicitous,  that  I  should  not  be  Governor  of 
the  State,  &  which  with  me  is  a  strong  inducement  to  my 
offering.— 

I  have  been  unwell  for  several  days  but  my  indisposi- 
tion is  not  serious,  &  I  hope  to  be  enabled  to  set  out  on  a 
visit  to  Baton  Rouge  in  two  or  three  days. — 
I  have  the  honor  to  be 

(sigd.)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  James  Monroe 

New  Orleans  August  4th.  1811.— 
Secty  of  State. 
Sir, 

The  enclosed  extract  of  a  Letter  from  the  Parish 
Judge  of  Nachitoches,  marked  A  will  apprise  you  of  the 
particulars  of  an  outrage  committed  near  the  River 
Sabine,  by  an  Armed  Banditti  &  of  a  threat  made  to  aug- 
ment their  numbers  &  attack  Nacogdoclies.  I  have  in 
Consequence  addressed  a  Letter  to  the  Parish  Judge  of 
which  the  enclosed  No.  1.  is  a  Copy,  &  ordered  the  Com- 
mandant of  the  Militia,  &  requested  the  officer  Com- 
manding the  IT.  States  Troops  at  Nachitoches  to  give  to 
the  Civil  Authority,  the  most  prompt  &  effectual  support, 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  329 

as  will  appear  from  my  Letters  of  instruction  No.  2  & 
3. —  I  have  the  honor  to  be 

(sigd.)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Dr.  Martin 

New  Orleans  5th.  Augst.  1811.— 
surgeon  of  the  Charity 

Hospital. 
Sir, 

The  Bearer  Mr  Lubar  professing  to  be  a  Botanist  and 
maintaining  as  I  understand  a  fair  Character,  says  that 
during  a  long  residence  in  South  America,  he  acquired  a 
Knowledge  of  removing  Fevers  by  the  use  of  Herbs  :— 
As  this  Gentleman  is  extremely  desirous  to  apply  his 
knowledge  usefully,  I  take  the  Liberty  to  introduce  him 
to  your  acquaintance ;  It  is  probable,  that  if  you  were  to 
permit  Mr.  Lubar  to  visit  occasionally  the  Hospital  under 
your  Charge,  you  might  soon  be  enabled  to  ascertain, 
how  far  it  wras  in  his  power  to  relieve  suffering  Human- 
ity.- 

I  am  Sir  Yours  &c — 

(sigd.)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Capt.  Colson 

New  Orleans  August  6th.  1811. 
Sir, 

Two  privates  of  your  Company  Francis  Ciblos  & 
Ursin  Demiellem,  who  are  fined  for  non-attendance  at  the 
last  Company  Parade,  having  assured  me,  that  their 
negligence  preceeded  from  ignorance  of  the  Law  &  hav- 
ing promised  for  the  future  to  discharge  with  the  utmost 
fidelity  their  duty ; —  It  is  my  wish  that  the  Collection  of 
the  fine  of  7  Dollars  on  each  of  these  Privates  may  not 
be  insisted  on,  &  that  it  be  remitted. —  As  regards  the 
fees  of  the  Justice  of  the  Peace,  Ihey  must  be  paid.— 


330  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

I  approve  highly  of  your  determination  to  execute 
with  rigid  Justice  the  Law; —  If  your  example  be  fol- 
lowed by  the  other  officers,  we  shall  soon  have  an  excel- 
lent Militia. — I  am 

Very  Respectfully, 

(Signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  several  Justices  of  the  Peace  in  the  Parish  of 

Pascagoula. 

New  Orleans  Angst.  10th.  1811. 
Gentlemen: — 

To  avoid  for  the  present  collision  with  the  Spanish 
force  at  Mobile,  it  is  my  wish,  that  you  should  exercise 
no  jurisdiction  within  that  Tract  of  Country,  which  in- 
cludes the  Fort  and  Town  of  Mobile  and  is  bounded  by 
Dog  River,  by  that  branch  of  it  called  the  Bayou  Moulins ; 
by  a  line  direct  from  thence  to  the  Bayou  St.  Louis 
(lately  called  3  Mile  Creek)  by  the  said  Bayou,  and  by 
the  Mobile  River  &  Bay.— 

I  am,  Gentlemen,  yours  &c 

(Signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Judge  Toulmin 

New  Orleans  Angst.  10th.  1811. 
Dear  Sir, 

At  the  moment  of  my  departure  for  Baton  Rouge,  I 
am  favored  with  your  Letter  of  the  29th.  Ulto.1— •  You 
have  enclosed  several  Commissions  for  Justices  of  the 
Peace,  which  you  will  do  me  the  favor  to  forward,  and  to 

1  The  letters  from  Toulmin  to  Gov.  David  Holmes  are  on  file  in  the 
Missisippi  Department  of  Archives  and  History  and  are  valuable 
sources  for  the  troubles  about  Mobile 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       331 

administer  to  such  Gentlemen  as  may  accept,  the  Oaths 
of  Office.  You  have  also  enclosed  a  Letter  of  instruc- 
tion to  the  several  Justices,  which  you  will  be  pleased  to 
Communicate  to  each  respectively. —  I  greatly  desire  to 
have  Jurisdiction  over  the  town  of  Mobile  &  I  had  de- 
termined to  do  so;  But  late  information  was  of  such  a 
nature  as  to  induce  me  to  suspend  my  project,  until  I  had 
previously  advised  with  the  Secretary  of  State. 

Offer  to  Captain  Gaines  my  best  thanks  for  the  Patri- 
otic tender  of  his  services,  &  assure  him,  that  possessing 
as  he  does  my  entire  Confidence,  I  should  be  happy  of  an 
occasion  to  avail  the  Public  of  his  Services.— 

Your  recommendation  of  a  Parish  Judge  will  be  at- 
tended to. —  In  a  few  days  I  shall  write  you  more  fully.— 
I  am,  Dear  Sir,  yours  &ca 

(sig'd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

P.  S.  By  the  first  occasion,  I  will  take  the  Liberty  to 
forward  to  your  address  Copies  of  the  Laws  of  this  Ter- 
ritory, for  the  use  of  the  Justices  of  the  Peace  for  the 
Parish  of  Pascagoula.  W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  Paul  Hamilton 
Private  four  Leagues  above 

New  Orleans  August  14th  1811 
Secy,  of  the  Navy. 
My  dear  Sir, 

In  my  letter  of  the  30  Instant  I  expressed  apprehen- 
sions that  the  stand  I  had  taken,  relative  to  the  free 
Navigation  of  the  Mobile,  would  be  disapproved. —  But 
upon  better  reflection,  I  find  so  many  strong  reasons  in 
support  of  my  course,  that  I  have  persuaded  myself  these 
apprehensions  were  groundless. —  Wishing  most  sin- 
cerely, that  all  my  official  Acts,  should  be  in  unison  with 
the  views  of  the  Administration,  I  am  best  pleased,  when 


332  -  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

it  only  remains  for  me,  to  evince  my  zeal  &  fidelity,  in  the 
execution  of  Orders, —  To  proceed  on  my  own  discretion 
is  by  no  means  desirable ; —  But  whenever  in  my  Judg- 
ment the  occasion  demands,  (as  was  the  case  in  the  late 
instance)  I  most  willingly  encounter  responsibility,  al- 
ways relying  on  the  purity  of  my  motives,  &  the  Justice 
of  the  Executive.— 

The  time  cannot  be  distant  when  possession  of  Mo- 
bile must  be  acquired  in  some  icay; —  whatever  be  the 
means  resorted  to,  I  hope  &  trust,  the  President  may 
give  me  the  honor  of  an  Agency; —  My  primary  object 
has  been  to  deserve  his  continued  Confidence,  &  I  confess 
to  you  Sir,  that  a  favorite  wish  of  my  heart  is  to  be  the 
officer  confided  in  to  complete  the  taking  possession  of 
the  Territory  West  of  the  Perdido. —  I  have  assumed  jur- 
isdiction over  the  Tract  of  Country  lying  between  the 
Mobile  &  the  Perdido,  by  appointing  three  Justices  of 
the  Peace  within  the  same.  I  had  designed  to  send  a 
Justice  of  the  Peace  to  the  Town  of  Mobile ; —  But  upon 
further  Consideration,  I  have  thought  it  best,  to  receive 
(previously)  the  Instructions  of  the  Secretary  of  State.— 

This  Territory  is  really  at  the  present  day  an  Emblem 
of  that  " tumultuous  Sea  of  Liberty"  to  which  Mr.  Jef- 
ferson in  one  of  his  Letters,  makes  allusion; —  It  is  in 
truth  vastly  preferable  to  the  ''Calm  of  Despotism;" 
but  is  nevertheless  subject  to  those  Storms  £  tempests 
which  render  a  safe  Harbour  always  desirable. —  The 
approaching  election  of  Members  to  the  Convention,  agi- 
tates this  whole  Community; —  But  the  Intrigues  of  the 
Day,  are  not  Confined  to  that  obejct. —  they  have  in  view 
the  Chief  Magistracy  of  the  New  State,  &  every  other 
important  trust,  in  the  (new  order  of  ?)  of  things. —  We 
have  innumerable  Candidates  for  the  public  favor  &  new 
parties  &  factions  are  daily  forming.— 

The  News-papers  I  observe  say  but  Little  of  the  Eng- 
lish (—  -  ?)  Envoy  £  his  Mission!  This  argurs  well!  It 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       333 

proves   ( ?)   that  Negotiation  is  in  train!     I  fear 

however  that  the  late  successes  in  Spain  &  Portugal,  will 
render  the  English  Government  stil  more  intolerant  in 
their  pretentious,  &  should  it  so  happen  that  a  rupture 
between  France  &  Russia  takes  place,  an  event  by  no 
means  improbable,  I  should  not  be  surprised  if,  as  a 
preliminary,  to  Negotiation,  satisfaction  for  returning 
the  fire  from  The  Little  Belt  be  insisted  on. 

Is  there  a  minister  named  for  Russia?  At  the  pres- 
ent Crisis,  I  consider  Russia  as  the  most  important  power 
of  Europe,  &  that  our  Interests  at  that  Court  should  be 
ably  represented.— 

In  Mexico,  the  Revolutionary  spirit  is  for  the  present 
put  down; —  The  mass  of  the  people  were  solicitous  to 
break  their  Chains;  But  unfortunately  their  Councils 
were  feeble,  &  their  Military  Chiefs  without  energy  or 
experience. —  The  Vice  Roy  (Vinegas)  a  Soldier  of  some 
merit,  displayed  on  the  occasion,  a  decision  of  Character 
that  would  have  done  him  honor,  had  it  been  tempered 
with  Humanity ;  But  in  disposition,  he  is  represented  as  a 
second  Cortez,  &  the  tranquillity  which  now  reigns,  is 
said  to  be  the  effect  of  a  System  of  Blood  &  Cruelty,  un- 
heard of  in  modern  times.— 

I  left  New  Orleans  on  the  llth  Inst:  on  my  way  to 
Baton  Rouge ;  But  on  the  same  day,  I  was  seized  with  a 
slight  indisposition,  which  has  delayed  my  Journey;  I 
feel  however  so  much  better  today  that  I  contemplate 
continuing  (—  -?)  tomorrow. 

Present  my  best  wishes  to   Mrs   Hamilton   and   to 
your—    -  daughters,  and  believe  me  to  be— 
Your  faithful  friend, 

(Sigd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborno 


334  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

To  James  Monroe 

Four  leagues  above 
New  Orleans  August  14th  1811. 
Secy,  of  State. 

I  left  New  Orleans  on  the  llth  Instant,  with  an  inten- 
tion of  proceeding  without  delay,  to  the  Parishes  of 
Baton  Rouge  &  Feliciana,  where  the  Public  service  re- 
quires my  presence;  But  on  the  same  day,  I  was  seized 
with  a  slight  indisposition,  which  has  retarded  my  Jour- 
ney, I  am  now  however  so  far  recovered,  as  to  be  enabled 
I  hope  on  tomorrow  or  next  day  to  continue  my  route.— 

I  do  not  calculate  on  experiencing  difficulty  in  enforc- 
ing the  Laws  of  this  Territory,  within  the  Tract  of  Coun- 
try, lying  East  of  the  Mobile  &  extending  to  the  Perdido ; 
Three  Gentlemen  residing  within  that  Tract,  have  been 
commissioned  Justices  of  the  Peace,  &  will  I  presume 
enter  immediately  upon  the  duties  of  their  office. —  I  had 
designed  also  to  assume  Jurisdiction  over  the  Town  of 
Mobile;  But  upon  mature  reflection,  I  have  deemed  it 
most  proper  to  await  your  previous  instructions.  In  the 
meantime,  to  avoid  Collision  witli  the  Spanish  force  at 
Mobile,  I  have  addressed  a  Letter  of  instruction  to  the 
several  Justices  of  the  Peace  of  the  Parish  of  Pasca- 
goula,  of  which  the  enclosed  marked  (A)  is  a  Copy,  re- 
questing thorn  to  refrain  from  exercising  jurisdiction 
within  a  certain  District  which  is  so  defined  as  to  include 
the  Town  &  Fort  of  Mobile. 

At  the  date  of  my  last  advices  from  Xachiloches,  an 
Armed  Banditti  continued  to  infest  tiie  (District?)  of 
Country  between  the  Arroya  Honda  and  the  Sabine,  com- 
monly called  the  Neutral  Territory; —  But  I  trust  an  en- 
tire disperstion  will  speedily  follow  the  receipt  of  my 
Letters  of  the  30th  Tito  to  the  Parish"  Judge,  &  the  Coin- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  335 

raandant  of  the  Militia,  of  which  I  had  the  honor  to  trans- 
mit you  Copies. 

I  am,  Sir,  your  &c  a  &c  a 

(signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Edmond  P.  Gaines 

New  Orleans  August  15th  1811. 
Fort  Stoddart. 
Sir, 

Having  understood  that  you  had  obtained  a  furlough 
for  five  Months,  and  that  you  contemplate  retiring  final- 
ly from  the  Army,  I  beg  leave  to  enclose  for  your  ac- 
ceptance a  Commission  as  Judge  of  the  Parish  of  Pasca- 
goula; —  An  office  of  great  Trust,  &  one  too,  that  will 
very  soon,  become  lucrative, —  In  the  event  that  you 
accept  this  Commission,  it  will  be  necessary,  that  you  en- 
ter into  Bond  (with  two  sureties  Residents  of  the  Terri- 
tory) to  the  Governor  of  the  Territory,  of  Orleans  for 
the  time  being,  in  the  sum  of  five  thousand  Dollars,  con- 
ditioned for  the  faithful  discharge  of  your  duties,  &  that 
you  also  take  an  Oath  of  Office,  &  an  Oath  to  support  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

To  avoid  for  the  present  collision  with  the  Spanish 
Agents  in  'Mobile,  it  is  my  wish,  that  you  should  exercise 
no  jurisdiction  within  that  Tract  of  Country,  which  in- 
cludes the  Fort  &  Town  of  Mobile,  &  is  bounded  by  Dog 
River,  by  that  branch  of  it  called  the  Bayou  Moulins,  by 
a  line  direct  from  thence,  to  the  Bayou  St.  Louis  (lately 
called  3  Mile  Creek)  by  the  said  Bayou,  &  by  the  Mobile 
River  and  Bay.  Most  willingly  would  I  remove  this  re- 
striction; but  lest  an  attempt  on  my  part,  to  enforce  the 
Laws  of  the  Territory,  under  tlie  very  Cannon  of  tlie 
Fort  of  Mobile,  might  lead  to  events  which  might  not  per- 
haps accord  with  the4  policy  of  my  Superiors,  I  have 


336  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

thought  it  a  duty  to  await  the  instructions  of  the  Honble 
the  Secretary  of  State — 

I  do  hereby  authorize  Judge  Toulmin  to  administer 
to  you  the  Oath  of  Office,  &  as  to  your  sureties,  any  Citi- 
zen you  may  offer  residing  in  the  Territory  as  aforesaid, 
will  be  approved.— 

I  am  now  on  my  way  to  Baton  Rouge;  but  Contem- 
plate returning  to  New  Orleans  in  three  weeks.  I  am 
General 

(Signed)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Major  Carmich 

At  Mr.  Dufossat  August  16th  1811. 
Dear  Sir, 

A  Slight  indisposition  has  retarded  my  Journey;— 
But  I  am  now  so  far  recovered,  as  to  be  enabled  (I  hope) 
on  tomorrow,  to  continue  my  route.  The  Barge  is  small 
and  so  crowded  with  baggage,  that  six  Oars-men  cannot 
proceed  writh  convenience ;  I  have  therefore  concluded  to 
send  back  two  Marines  Hy.  Logue  &  Chs.  Price  who  will 
hand  this  note. 

I  am  Dr.  Sir,  yrs 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Col.  J.  B.  Labaluf 
At  Mr.  Dufossat 's  Augt  16th  1811. 

New  Orleans. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  Slight  indisposition  has  detained  me  here  for  some 
days;  But  I  am  now  recovered  £  shall  proceed  on  my 
journey  tomorrow.— 

I  pray  you  not  to  relax  in  your  efforts  to  render  the 
Militia  an  efficient  force; —  Urge  the  officers  Commanding 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       337 

Companies,  to  Compel  attendance  at  Company  Musters, 
by  bringing  the  Law  to  bear  against  all  Defaulters. 

In  five  or  six  Months  attendance  at  Musters  will  be- 
come familiar; —  It  will  I  hope  be  also  considered  by 
every  Citizen,  subject  to  Militia  service,  as  a  sacred  duty; 
and  we  shall  then  have  an  armed  force  among  ourselves, 
that  will  give  safety  to  the  Territory.— 

Write  me  by  the  Mail  of  next  week,  &  give  me  the 
News  of  the  City ; —  Direct  your  letters  to  Baton  Rouge, 
where  it  will  meet  me. —  My  Respects  to  your  Lady  and 
family.—  I  am,  Dear  Sir,  your  ob.  Sert 

(signed)         W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  James  Mather 

At  Mr.  Dufossat's  August  16th  1811 

Mayor  of  New  Orleans. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  fear  the  present  will  be  a  sickly  season ;  But  my  im- 
pression is  that  with  due  caution,  the  salubrity  of  New 
Orleans  may  be  much  benefitted.  If  a  (—  —  f—  — ) 
was  prescribed  for  removing  the  filth,  (—  —  ?—  — ) 
prepared,  by  which  it  might  be  conveyed  absolutely  to  the 
stream  of  the  Mississippi, —  If  a  certain  hour  at  night, 
say  eleven  0 'Clock,  was  also  prescribed  for  sweeping  & 
Cleansing  the  Vessels  in  the  habour  of  Bilge  Water,  & 
if  during  the  dry  season  a  dozen  or  more  Carts  were  con- 
stantly employed  in  watering  the  streets,  I  am  sure  some 
valuable  Lives  might  be  preserved.— 

I  have  been  detained  here  for  several  days  by  a  slight 
indisposition  of  which  however  I  am  now  recovered  and 
propose  to  continue  my  Journey  on  tomorrow.— 

Will  you  write  me  the  News  &  State  of  things  at  New 

v— 22 


338        •  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

Orleans  by  the  Mail  of  next  week,  £  Direct  your  Letter 
to  Baton  Rouge,  where  it  will  meet  me, —  I  sincerely  wish 
you  health  and  happiness. 

Yr  friend, 

(Signed)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Col.  Henry  Hopkins 

At  Mr.  Dufossat  August  16th  1811. 

Ad  jut  General. 
Sir, 

Write  without  delay  to  Colonels  Fauche  &  Larande,  & 
urge  them  to  loose  no  time  in  organizing  their  respective 
Regiments.— 

In  the  fauxburg  St  Mary  the  Militia  is  wholly,  neglect- 
ed ; —  you  had  best  see  Colo.  Fauche  &  advise  with  him, 
as  to  the  arrangements  proper  to  be  made. —  Major  La- 
lande  Ferier,  will  of  course  see  that  the  Colonel's  orders 
as  to  the  Militia  of  the  Fauxburg  are  executed  and  for 
any  neglect  will  be  held  responsible.— 

If  you  should  not  have  received  an  answer  from 
(—  — )  Johnson,  to  the  note  you  addressed  him  by  my 
orders  some  time  since,  you  will  write  him  again,  &  re- 
quest him  to  report  without  delay  the  State  of  his  regi- 
ment;—  make  like  request  by  letter  of  Colonels  Shaum- 
burg,  King  &  Declouet,  &  add  that  "it  would  be  agreeable 
to  Commander  in  Chief,  if  they  would  recommend  fit  per- 
sons to  fill  such  vacancies  as  may  exist." 

You  will  cuter  this,  £  such  other  Letters  as  you  may 
receive  from  me,  relative  to  the  Service,  on  Record.  I 
have  been  detained  here  by  a  slight  indisposition,  of  which 
however.  I  am  now  recovered  &  shall  continue  by  route 
to  Baton  Rouge  on  tomorrow. 

I  am  &e 
(Sigd.)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       339 

To  P.  L.  B.  Duplessis 
Private. 

At  Mr.  Soniat  August  17th  1811. 
Dear  Sir, 

The  engagement  you  have  entered  into  on  my  behalf 
shall  be  faithfully  complied  with; —  I  am  well  pleased 
with  the  purchase,  and  sincerely  thank  you  for  the  ser- 
vices you  have  rendered  me.— 

If  the  sickness  in  the  City  promises  to  increase,  I 
should  deem  you  imprudent  to  remain  there,  &  the  sooner 
you  proceed  to  the  Lakes  the  better.—  I  continue  my 
route  on  this  morning;  But  propose  to  move  slowly  on, 
&  to  avoid  as  much  as  possible  the  influence  of  a  warm 
Sun. —  I  wish  you  health  &  happiness. 

(sigd)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Dr.  Wm.  Upshaiv 

(Private) 

At  Mr.  Dufossat's 

New  Orleans.  August  17th.  1811. 

Dear  Sir, 

I  thank  you  for  your  Letter  of  yesterday. —  I  received 
on  last  evening  a  Communication  from  Mr.  Gordon  en- 
closing his  deposition,  which  I  shall  forward  with  great 
pleasure  to  the  persecuted  old  Veteran. —  I  do  not  like 
his  Court ; —  Colonels  Burbank  &  Smith,  Lieutenant  Colo. 
Freeman  &  Major  Baccus  ought  to  be  objected  to ; —  the 
three  last  feel  (I  suspect)  strong  prejudices  against  the 
General  &  I  have  heard,  that  Burbec  was  alike  un- 
friendly.— 

I  am  not  surprised  at  Daegueney's  speaking  disre- 
spectful of  me ;  Men  of  his  Cast,  see  in  me  principles  so 
unlike  their  own,  that  to  esteem  them  would  be  to  aban- 
don their  own  self  Love.— 

On  my  return  to  New  Orleans,  I  shall  not  be  unmind- 


340  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

f ul  of  the  Gentleman  you  have  named  to  me ; —  I  will  en- 
deavour to  advance  his  Interests. — 

I  sincerely  wish  you  health  and  happiness.— 

(Sig'd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Albert  Gallatin 

Four  leagues  from 
German  Coast  Augst.  19th.  1811 
Secy  of  the  Treasury. 
Sir, 

The  enclosed  is  a  Letter  of  resignation  from  Mr.  John 
Thibaud,  the  Surveyor  of  the  Port  of  St.  John.  I  do  not 
know  that  there  will  be  many  Candidates  for  this  va- 
cancy;—  But  of  the  number,  I  am  sure  there  will  be  no 
one,  more  deserving  than  Mr.  Evariste  Blanc,  who  I  beg 
leave  to  recommend  to  the  patronage  of  the  President.— 
Mr.  Evariste  Blanc  is  a  Native  of  Louisiana  &  a  very 
promising  young  Man; —  He  speaks  French  &  English 
alike  well —  has  been  brought  up  to  business ; —  is  indus- 
trious &  prudent ;  Suports  a  fair  Character,  &  has  lately 
been  married  to  a  very  beautiful  Creole  Lady.— 
I  am  Sir,  yours  &c. 

(Sigd.)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Albert  Gallatin 

Private.  Territory  of  Orleans 

New  Orleans  Augst.  18th.  1811. 
Secy  of  the  Treasury. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  am  now  on  my  way  to  Baton  Rouge,  as  well  with  a 
view  to  the  better  organization  of  the  Civil  Authority, 
as  to  avoid  the  fevers  of  New  Orleans,  which  have  al- 
ready commenced  &  with  Symtoms  which  forebode  much 
mortality. —  I  have  myself  been  indisposed,  but  the  at- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBOKNE.       341 

tack  was  slight,  &  by  moderate  exertions  &  a  change  of 
scene  &  Climate,  I  hope  to  enjoy,  thro'  the  summer,  a 
tolerable  share  of  health. — 

I  left  Mr.  Poydras  in  New  Orleans,  where  he  had  re- 
ceived a  very  friendly  and  flattering  welcome;—  He 
speaks  in  the  most  exalted  terms  of  the  Government  & 
administration,  &  will  I  am  sure,  greatly  contribute  in 
this  quarter,  to  the  prevalence  of  correct  political  prin- 
ciples.—  The  proposed  change  of  Government  will  meet 
with  opposition; —  But  I  continue  of  opinion,  that  a  Ma- 
jority of  the  Convention,  will  deem  it  expedient  to  form  a 
Constitution,  and  to  accede  to  the  Conditions  prescribed. 
-  Some  of  my  enemies,  thro'  the  medium  of  the  News- 
papers have  stated  that  I  was  opposed  to  a  State  author- 
ity ; —  But  they  misrepresent  my  sentiments. —  No  one  is 
more  f avoriable  to  the  measure  than  myself ; —  Not  from 
any  personal  Considerations,  but  from  an  impression 
that  it  will  produce  National  Benefits ; —  that  it  will  place 
beyond  the  reach  of  change  the  political  destiny  of  Lou- 
isiana—  that  it  will  tend  to  check  the  growth  of  opinions 
and  parties  unferable  (unfavorable)  to  the  Union  of  the 
State,  &  to  give  permanancy  to  our  Republican  Institu- 
tions;—  I  much  fear,  that  for  want  of  political  experi- 
ence, the  State  Authorities  will  at  first  be  somewhat  em- 
barrassed, not  is  at  all  improbable,  but  some  unprincipled 
Intriguers  may  be  brought  into  power: —  But  in  a  year 
or  two  the  first  Inconvenience  will  be  remidied,  &  the 
virtuous  part  of  Society  will  very  soon  find  it  their  In- 
terest to  put  down  the  factions. —  It  is  very  uncertain, 
whether  under  the  New  Order  of  things  I  shall  receive 
many  marks  of  public  Confidence; —  Were  the  election  of 
Governor  to  take  place  at  this  time,  &  to  depend  upon  the 
public  Voice,  my  friends  are  much  deceived,  (for  I  will 
not  believe  they  designedly  deceive  me)  if  it  did  not  prove 
favorable  to  my  pretensions: —  But  I  have  many  Ene- 
mies, who  (with  Messrs.  Robertson  &  Prevost  now  at 


342  .MISSISSIPPI    TERRITOKIAL     ARCHIVES. 

Washington)  are  laboring  incessantly  to  effect  my  poli- 
tical Ruin.— 

Private  Letters  from  Washington  have  induced  me  to 
think  it  probable,  that  my  late  Correspondence  with  the , 
Spanish  Agents  relative  to  the  Navigation  of  the  Mobile, 
would  not  be  approved ; —  But  as  yet,  I  have  on  this  point 
no  official  Information. —  It  will  be  a  source  of  sincere 
regret,  if  my  Conduct  on  this  occasion  has  not  been  in 
unison  with  the  views  of  the  administration ; —  I  however 
am  exempt  from  the  greatest  of  all  Censure,  Self  re- 
proach;—  since  my  best  Judgment  directed  me  &  my  mo- 
tives were  pure  &  Honest. —  The  Mobile  being  within  the 
Territory  committed  to  my  Charge,  I  thought  it  as  much 
my  duty  to  have  resisted  aggression  in  that  quarter,  as  it 
would  have  been  to  have  opposed  a  violence  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi:—  Perhaps  I  was  in  error;—  The  affair  how- 
ever was  happily  terminated,  &  I  hope,  it  may  be  at- 
tended with  the  most  salutary  Results. —  Remember  me 
with  respect  &  affection  to  your  amiable  Lady  and  be- 
lieve me  to  be, 

Your  sincere  friend 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  James  Wilkinson 

Private. 

German  Coast, 

Washington  City.  August  20th  1811. 

Dear  Sir, 

Enclosed  is  the  deposition  of  Mr.  Martin  Gordon 
which  has  lately  boon  received  by  mo.  I  had  calculated 
on  Mr.  Gordon's  ontoring  more  into  dotail ; —  But  his 
statement  may  nevertheless  be  serviceable  and  therefore 
I  transmit  it  to  you  with  much  pleasure.— 

T  loft  the  City  on  the  11th  Tnst.  and  am  producing 
(proceeding)  by  short  Journeys  to  Baton  Rouge. — •  Mrs. 
Wilkinson  has  boon  indisposed; —  But  being  Convalos- 


LETTEK  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       343 

cent,  and  deeming  a  Change  of  Climate  advisable,  she 
had  set  out  on  a  voyage  across  the  Lakes ; —  Her  depar- 
ture was  sudden,  &  I  am  sorry,  I  had  not  been  previously 
advised  thereof; —  She  was  made  comfortable  on  board 
of  a  Gun  Boat,  commanded  by  her  Cousin,  Mr.  Perrault ; 
but  had  I  previously  known  her  intention  to  cross  the  lake 
(with  the  Co-operation  of  our  mutual  friend  Commodore 
Shaw)  the  most  convenient  accommodations  should  have 
been  provided. —  Previous  to  my  leaving  New  Orleans,  I 
returned  answers  to  your  several  questions,  &  delivered 
the  same  to  Doctor  Upshaw,  who  has  no  doubt  forwarded 
them. —  Keep  me  advised  of  the  progress  of  your  Court, 
and  of  the  prospect  of  ample  Justice  being  speedily  ren- 
dered you. —  Your  Letters  are  the  more  agreeable,  which 
they  convey  Information  favorable  to  your  Interests, 
since  I  always  do  myself  the  pleasure  of  Communicating 
the  same  to  your  amiable  Lady.  Health  &  happiness ! 

Your  friend, 
(Sigd.)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  James  Monroe 

Baton  Rouge  27th  August  1811. 
Secretary  of  State. 
Sir, 

My  letters  from  New  Orleans,  are  as  late  as  the  23d. 
Instant;  It  was  becoming  very  unhealthy,  and  several 
cases  of  yellow  fever  had  occured. —  Captain  William 
Shaler,  writes  me  from  Havana  under  date  of  the  21st  of 
July  as  follows. —  ''The  secret  proceedings  of  Congress 
in  their  last  session  having  by  some  unfair  means  been 
divulged,  have  found  their  way  here  in  the  Public  papers  ; 
By  means  of  a  friend  I  have  learnt  thro'  Colonel  Howard 
that  the  Captain  General  disclaims  any  knowledge  of 
Governor  Folch's  communications  to  the  Secretarv  of 


344  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

State  on  the  subject  of  the  occupation  of  the  Floridas, 
which  he  declares  he  now  hears  for  the  first  time.  A 
small  Vessel  of  War  is  perparing  for  Pensacola  and  if 
an  opinion  can  be  formed  from  what  Colonel  Howard  & 
others,  who  frequent  the  Marquis '  parties  say  on  the  sub- 
ject, the  arrest  of  Folch  will  be  ordered. —  This  is  an  un- 
fortunate affair!  for  hereafter  what  individual  will  run 
the  risk  of  ruin  by  making  any  communication  to  our  gov- 
ernment ? 

"Mrs  Hargrove  has  arrived  here,  but  will  not  obtain 
permission  to  see  her  husband,  she  will  be  forced  to  re- 
turn in  the  Vessel  she  came  in.  The  Marquis  told  Mr. 
Gray  who  undertook  to  intercede  for  her,  that  he  dust  not 
grant  the  permission;  he  says  those  men  were  taken  in 
open  rebellions  with  arms  in  their  hands;  that  by  Law 
they  ought  to  suffer  death ;  that  motives  of  humanity  and 
Policy  have  hitherto  shielded  them,  but  that  he  cannot 
permit  any  communication  with  them. 

"These  objections  being  unanswerable,  I  see  no 
chance  of  the  poor  woman's  even  seeing  her  unfortunate 
husband."  The  Mrs  Hargrave  mentioned  by  Captain  , 
Shaler  is  the  wife  of  one  of  the  persons  of  Kemper's 
party  who  were  made  prisonners  by  Governor  Folch,  & 
sont  to  Havana  for  Trial. —  T  am  sorry  to  find  the  Cap- 
tain General  of  Cuba  so  little  inclined  to  favour  those  un- 
fortunate Men; —  I  fear  they  are  destined  to  experience 
a  long  £  rigorous  confinement. — But  Captain  Shaler  & 
Mr.  Gray  shall  be  solicited  to  continue  to  interest  them- 
selves in  their  behalf, —  nor  am  T  without  hopes  that  the 
Spanish  Agents  may  in  a  short  time  bo  induced  from 
Motives  of  Humanity  and  Policy  to  direct  their  release.— 

The  good  people  of  that  part  of  West  Florida  which 
is  now  called  the  County  of  Feliciana  are  greatly  solici- 
tous to  he  permanently  attached  to  the  Territory  of  Or- 
leans, &  they  evidence  some  regret  at  being  left  for  future 
nogociations. —  1  have  assured  them  of  the  favorable  dis- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       345 

position  of  tfhe  Government  and  that  every  exertion 
would  be  made  on  the  part  of  the  President  to  place  be- 
yond the  reach  of  change  their  present  connection  with 
United  America. —  I  expressed  my  apprehensions  lest 
the  present  agitated  State  of  the  World,  might  retard 
those  previous  arrangements  upon  the  subject  with  some 
of  the  European  Countries,  which  were  indispensable.— 
But  I  added  that  in  the  mean  time,  their  rights  would  be 
protected  and  their  Interests  affectionately  Cherished.— 
A  Colonel  John  Ballenger,  has  been  named  by  the 
people  of  Feliciana  their  agent  to  Congress, —  and  will 
be  the  Bearer  of  their  extreme  solicitude  upon  the  points 
above  suggested. —  There  is  unquestionably  in  Feliciana, 
a  disaffected  party,  nor  are  there  wanting  individuals, 
who  incessantly  labour  to  Convert  the  present  regret  of 
the  people,  at  remaining  "the  subject  of  future  Negocia- 
tion "  to  a  decided  hostility  towards  our  Government  ;— 
But  as  yet  Sir,  these  unprincipled  Intriguers  have  made 
very  little  impression.  The  late  &  only  letter  from  you, 
which  I  have  had  the  honor  to  receive,  was  under  date 
of  the  9th  of  May  last. 

I  am  Sir, 

Yours  &c  a 
(Signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborno. 


To  James  Monroe 

Baton  Rouge  28th  August  1811. 

Secretary  of  State. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  take  the  liberty  to  introduce  to  your  acquaintance  & 
to  recommend  to  your  Civilities  Colo.  John  Ballcngor  <i 
native  of  the  United  States  who  has  boon  named  by  the 
people  of  the  County  of  Foliciann  their  agent  to -present 
to  the  view  of  the  Government,  certain  subjects  in  which 
their  Interests  are  believed  to  bo  involved.- 


346  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

Colo.  Ballenger,  was  a  very  active  &  Confidential  of- 
ficer under  the  authority  of  the  Florida  Convention.— 
And  lie  has  represented  the  County  of  Feliciana  in  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans; —  His 
principles  &  sentiments  are  understood  to  be  purely 
American  &  his  Conduct  has  been  in  unison.— 
I  am  Dear  Sir, 

Yrs, 
(Sigd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Col.  Henry  Hopkins 

Baton  Rouge  28th  Augst  1811 
Adjutant  General. 
Dear  Sir, 

If  this  note  should  find  you  at  New  Orleans,  I  have  to 
request  that  you  would  meet  me  at  Point  Coupie  on  the 
14th  day  of  the  ensuing  month,  £  to  bring  with  you, 
thirty  blank  Military  Commissions.— 

If  Colo.  Andry's  health  should  (as  I  hope  it  may)  be 
reinstated,  you  will  take  occasion  to  hint  to  him,  that  in 
as  much  as  he  has  remained  out  of  the  limits  of  his 
Regimental  Circle,  he  cannot  according  to  the  tenor  and 
spirit  of  the  Militia  Law,  continue  in  Command,  &  that 
therefore  his  resignation  is  expected. —  You  will  be 
pleased  also  to  address  a  second  letter  to  Colo.s.  Fauehi' 
&  Laronde  urging  the  necessity  of  an  immediate  organi- 
zation of  their  Corps  and  in  your  Letter  to  Colo.  Fauche, 
you  will  add,  "that  you  have  it  in  Command  from  the 
Commander  in  Chief  to  say  to  him,  that  the  Monthly 
Musters  of  the  several  Companys  in  the  Fauxburg  St. 
Mary  must  be  regularly  holden,  £  that  it  is  expected, 
he  will  not  fail  to  notice  any  neglect  of  duty  on  the  part 
of  the  Company  officers."  -  And  that  so  soon  as  the  Com- 
panies above  the  City  can  be  organized,  a  like  attention 
to  Monthly  Musters  on  their  part,  must  be  enforced." 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       347 

In  your  Letter  to  Colo.  Laronde,  you  will  express  your- 
self to  the  like  effect,  inserting  the  Fauxburg  Marigny, 
instead  of  Sr.  Mary's  &  the  words  "below  the  City,"  in- 
stead of  above  the  City.  I  wish  you  health  &  happiness. 

(Sigd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Mr.  Johnson 

Baton  Kouge  28th  Angst  1811. 
Post-Master  at 

New  Orleans. 
Dr  Sir, 

Such  letters  as  may  be  in  the  Post  office  at  New  Or- 
leans, on  the  receipt  of  this  Note,  I  will  thank  you  to  for- 
ward to  me  at  Natchez  by  the  return  Mail  &  such  as  may 
subsequently  reach  New  Orleans,  you  will  be  pleased  to 
retain  until  you  shall  hear  further  from  me. —  It  would 
be  most  convenient,  if  you  would  mark  all  my  letters  post 
Paid,  charge  the  amount  to  my  account,  &  forward  them 
in  a  leather  packet  directed  to  my  address ; —  I  am  sorry 
to  give  you  this  trouble ; —  But  it  is  the  best  means  of  in- 
suring their  safe  Delivery. —  The  last  Mail  from  New 
Orleans  to  Baton  Rouge  brought  me  no  official  Communi- 
cations, &  I  have  reason  to  believe,  that  some  of  import- 
ance left  Washington  in  time  to  have  reached  New  Or- 
leans two  Weeks  ago. — 

I  set  out  on  the  day  after  for  Natchez  where  I  shall 
not  remain  more  than  three  or  four  days. 

Yours  &c 
(Sig'd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


348-  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

To  William  Eustis 

Territory  of  Orleans 
Point  Coupee  August  31st  1811 
Secretary  at  War. 
Sir, 

I  have  received  your  letter  advising  me  of  the  receipt 
by  the  President  of  the  Memorial  of  the  Legislative  Coun- 
cil &  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Orleans  Territory, 
on  the  subject  of  stationing  an  additional  Military  force 
within  this  District,  &  in  which  you  do  me  the  honor  to 
suggest  for  my  Consideration,  the  expediency  of  embody- 
ing a  Corps  (under  certain  restrictions)  from  among 
the  Inhabitants  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans. —  My  impres- 
sion is  Sir,  that  such  a  Corps  would  meet  the  wishes  of 
the  Legislature  and  that  it  might  be  readily  raised  on 
two  Conditions, —  The  one — that  the  men  to  be  enlisted, 
should  not  be  subject  to  Corporal  punishment ;  And  the 
other —  That  they  shall  not  be  marched,  beyond  tin; 
Limits  of  the  Territory,  without  their  consent,  expect  in 
time  of  actual  War.—  It  is  not  probable,  that  many  of 
the  Creoles,  the  natives  of  Louisiana  would  enlist:— 
They  for  the  most  part,  are  engaged  in  Agricultural  Per- 
suits,  £  would  unwillingly  relinquish  them,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  serving  as  non-Commissioned  officers  &  Pri- 
vates;—  But  the  fall  of  the  French  West-India  Islands,— 
the  expulsion  of  the  French  from  Cuba,  &  the  uncertain 
destiny  of  the  Spanish  Provinces,  have  caused  to  emi- 
grate to  this  Territory  a  description  of  persons  who  I 
presume  would  cheerfully  enter  the  service; —  The  habits 
of  those  persons  fit  them  for  Military  life,  and  their  Con- 
stitutions being  formed  in  Southern  Latitude,  are  not 
likely  to  be  affected  by  the  (Miniate  of  lower  Louisiana;— 
But  to  maintain  a  due  degree  of  subordination  a  strict 
Discipline  should  be  maintained,  nor  would  T  advise  any 
other  amelioration  of  the  principles  of  Martial  Law,  than 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       349 

the  two  Conditions  already  mentioned.  As  relates  to 
Quarters,  this  should  be  furnished  by  the  Government  ;— 
The  expense  of  obtaining  private  dwellings  (for  few  if 
any  of  the  Recruits  will  be  proprietors  of  Houses)  would 
be  much  greater,  than  a  prudent  economy  could  justify; 
and  unless  all  the  Members  of  the  Corps  were  so  quar- 
tered, as  at  all  times  to  be  under  the  immediate  Controul 
of  the  Officers,  a  Spirit  of  disorder  &  Licentiousness 
would  prevail,  which  must  at  least,  render  the  Corps  use- 
less. 

I  cannot  undertake  to  state  the  strength  of  a  Corps, 
that  could  at  present  be  raised  in  New  Orleans  &  its 
vicinity: —  Much  would  depend  upon  the  Character  and 
popularity  of  the  Officers: —  My  opinion  however  is,  a 
Battalion  could  be  speedily  embodyed,  on  which  reliance 
might  be  placed,  in  case  of  Internal  Insurrection,  or  re- 
sistance to  the  Laws,  &  if  properly  officered  &  disciplined, 
its  loyalty  also  may  be  confidently  calculated  on,  in  case 
of  Invasion  by  any  European  Power.  — You  will  observe 
Sir,  that  I  am  speaking  of  a  Corps  to  be  raised  in  time 
of  Peace ; —  In  the  event  of  War,  and  particularly  of  In- 
vasion, I  have  no  doubt  that  Louisianians  would  very 
generally  repair  to  the  American  Standard,  &  prove 
themselves  faithful  Citizens. —  This  opinion,  may  pos- 
sibly prove  erroneous ; —  a  Contrary  Sentiment  is  I  know 
entertained  by  many  of  my  Countrymen. —  There  may  be, 
&  I  am  persuaded,  there  are  many  disaffected  Charac- 
ters.—  But  from  the  great  Majority  of  the  population, — 
The  old  Settlers  of  the  Country  whose  families  &  Inter- 
ests are  here; —  from  the  Creoles,  who  own  the  farms 
where  they  were  born  and  who  can  point  to  the  Spot, 
where  their  ancestors  are  entombed,  I  should  expect  as 
ardent  a  display  of  Patriotism  as  from  a  like  number  of 
Native  Citizens  of  the  United  States.— 

I  have  no  doubt,  but  a  very  appropriate  selection  of 
Officers  to  Command  the  Corps  under  Consideration, 


350'  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL,    ARCHIVES. 

from  among  the  Gentlemen,  now  attached  to  the  Army, 
might  be  made. —  but  it  would  conduce  to  the  good  of 
this  Service,  and  be  a  Source  of  gratification  to  the  peo- 
ple of  this  Territory,  if  some  of  the  Creoles  of  the  Coun- 
try were  on  this  occasion  Commissioned; —  I  am  ac- 
quainted with  several  young  Men  of  Merit,  Natives  of 
Louisiana,  (whose  Connections  in  this  Territory  are 
numerous  &  respectable)  who  were  formerly  in  the  serv- 
ice of  Spain,  that  would  willingly  enter  into  that  of  the 
United  States,  and  on  their  valor  &  fidelity  I  would  risque 
my  Life.  I  have  the  honor  to  be  Sir, 

Yours, 

(Sigd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 

P.  S.  In  New  Orleans  &  its  vicinity,  there  are  a  number 
of  Free-men  of  Colour; —  how  far  it  may  be  proper, 
under  any  Circumstances  to  take  this  description  of  per- 
sons into  the  Service  of  the  United  States,  is  a  question, 
well  worthy  your  Consideration ; —  I  have  myself  thought 
that  they  ought  to  be  organized  as  a  Militia  Corps;— 
But  a  Contrary  opinion  has  uniformly  been  maintained 
by  the  Territorial  Legislature. 

(sigd    W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  Julia)  Poijdras 
(Private) 

Pointo  Couple.  Pointe  Coupie,  Sept.  2d  1811 

My  dear  Sir, 

I  proceed  immediately  to  Natchez  &  propose  on  my 
return,  which  will  be  in  ten  or  twelve  days,  to  call  at 
your  friendly  Mansion.— 

On  my  Journey  thro'  the  different  Parishes,  I  found 
the  Citizens  much  divided  on  the  question  of  a  State 
Authority; —  But  my  opinion  is,  that  a  Majority  of  the 
Convention,  will  deem  it  expedient  to  form  a  Constitu- 
tion or  State  of  Government.  My  own  Sentiments  on 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        351 

this  interesting  question  have  been  freely  expressed. —  I 
am  sincerely  friendly  to  the  proposed  Change —  My  sup- 
port of  this  measure  does  not  proceed  from  personal 
Considerations. —  But  from  an  impression  that  it  will  be 
attended  with  great  national  Benefits; —  that  it  will  fix 
beyond  the  reach  of  Vicissitude,  the  political  destiny  of 
Louisiana ; —  that  it  will  tend  to  put  down  the  efforts  of 
Foreign  Agents  &  domestic  traitors  to  alienate  the  af- 
fections of  the  Inhabitants  from  our  Government ; —  that 
it  will  strengthen  the  American  Union,  and  give  perma- 
nency to  our  American  Institutions. —  I  much  fear,  that 
for  want  of  political  experience,  our  state  authorities 
will  at  first,  feel  some  embarrassments,  &  that  several 
unprincipled  Intriguers  will  raise  themselves  into 
power ; —  But  in  a  very  few  years  the  former  Inconven- 
ience will  be  removed,  &  the  virtuous  Citizens  will  soon 
find  it  their  Interest  to  unite  in  suppressing  the  fac- 
tions.— 

You  no  doubt,  have  heard  of  the  purchase  I  have  made 
of  a  farm ; —  I  am  now  on  my  way  to  Natchez  with  a  view 
of  removing  my  negroes. —  I  shall  be  a  plain  simple 
planter ; —  great  Wealth  is  not  desired  by  me ; —  I  wish 
only  a  Competency,  and  that  I  shall  be  in  possession  of 
as  soon  as  I  shall  have  made  necessary  improvements  on 
my  farm,  the  which  I  hope  to  accomplish  in  three  or  four 
years.  I  sincerely  wish  you  health,  happiness  &  pros- 
perity. 

(Sigd.)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Judge  Me  Shane 

Pointe  Coupie  Sept:  2d  1811 
Pointe  Coupie. 
Sir, 

In  answer  to  your  enquiry  of  last  evening,  I  have  the 
honor  to  state,  that  previous  to  my  departure  from  New 
Orleans,  I  did  sign  an  instrument  of  writing  which  par- 


352  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

doned  a  Negro  Man  Slave  of  Pointe  Couple  who  had  been 
convicted  of  the  Crime  of  administering  Poison,  &  sen- 
tenced to  death.— 

If  my  memory  serves  me  right,  I  left  instructions  with 
Mr.  Vassant  to  forward  the  pardon,  to  the  Master  of 
the  Slave.     But  in  as  much  as  the  same  has  not  been  pre- 
sented to  you,  it  may  perhaps  have  miscarried. —  On  my 
return  however  to  New  Orleans,  I  will  cause  a  Copy  to  be 
taken  from  the  original  Act  of  pardon,  which  is  on  rec- 
ord, &  to  be  transmitted  to  you.— 
I  am 
Sir, 

Very  Respectfully 

Your  mo :  ob :  sert 
(Sigd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  James  Monroe 

Territory  of  Orleans, 
St.  Francisville,  Sept.  2d,  1811 
Secretary  of  State. 
Sir, 

A  News-paper  printed  here,  called  "The  time  Piece," 
has  assumed  a  shape  by  no  means  calculated  to  conciliate 
the  affections  of  the  people  toward  the  government.— 
The  Editor  possesses  Genius,  But  neither  Judgment  nor 
discretion.  This  paper  teems  with  abuse  of  Congress  & 
their  Conduct  toward  (Louisiana?)  is  represented  as 
wrongful  &  oppressive; —  That  these  publications  have 
made  some  injurious  impressions  is  certain;  But  I  have 
reason  to  believe,  that  the  great  Majority  of  the  people, 
remain  firm  in  their  attachment  to  the  Government  & 
the  Administration; —  It  is  understood  that  a  general 
meeting  of  the  Citizens  is  to  take  place  on  the  26th  of  this 
Month  to  Celebrate  the  Capture  of  the  Fort  of  Baton 
Rouge  by  the  Conventionalists,  &  that  the  occasion  will 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBOfiNE.  353 

be  embraced  by  some  restless  Individuals,  to  obtain  the 
adoption  of  some  inflamatory  Resolutions;  I  however 
rely  with  confidence  on  the  patriotism  &  good  sence  of  the 
Cultivators  of  the  soil,  &  I  persuade  myself  that  the  In- 
triguers will  not  be  enabled  to  do  mischief.  I  have  seen 
at  this  place  Mr.  John  Rhea  formerly  President  of  the 
Convention,  &  at  present  Judge  of  the  Parish  of  Felici- 
ana ; —  He  is  a  prudent,  judicious,  well  disposed  Man,  & 
seems  to  be  much  attached  to  the  Government  of  the 
United  States; —  He  spoke  to  me  of  the  Debts  of  the 
Convention,  &  expressed  a  great  desire  that  the  Govern- 
ment would  direct  their  payment ; —  I  told  him  I  had  al- 
ready apprised  the  President  of  the  Nature  of  the  Debts, 
—  &  that  I  sincerely  hoped  some  provision  would  be  made 
to  meet  them; —  But  I  was  inclined  to  think  the  present 
an  unfavorable  period  to  press  the  subject,  &  that  the 
persons  interested,  had  better  wait,  until  the  Government 
had  come  to  some  understanding  with  Foreign  Nations 
relative  to  the  possession  of  Florida. —  I  proceed  from 
hence  to  the  Parish  of  Concordia,  where  I  shall  remain  a 
few  Days,  &  then  return  towards  New  Orleans.  I  have 
the  honor  to  be 

Yours  &ca 

(Sigd.)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Judge  RJiea 

St.  Francisvillo,  September  3d  1811 
Parish  of  Feliciana. 
Sir, 

You  will  be  pleased  to  request  such  of  the  Syndics 
under  the  former  Government  of  Spain,  &  of  the  Conven- 
tion, as  reside  within  the  Limits  of  your  parish,  to  de- 
liver to  you,  such  records  &  papers  as  came  into  their 
possession  by  virtue  of  their  former  offices,  £  to  take  the 

V— 20 


354  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

same  into  your  safe  keeping. —  If  among  those  records, 
or  papers,  there  be  any,  interesting  to  Individuals,  such 
as  Bonds  or  Notes  on  which  processes  were1  commenced  & 
not  completed,  you  may  on  application  deliver  the  same 
to  the  parties ; —  But  in  all  cases,  where  the  process  ap- 
pears to  have  been  Completed,  you  may  furnish  Copies 
of  the  Record,  but  I  advise  &  request  that  the  original 
record,  may  not  be  delivered  unless  in  conformity  to  an 
order  of  the  Superior  Court. '- 

(Sigd)         \V.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Gideon  Granger 

Territory  of  Orleans, 
County  of  Felieiana,  St.  Francisville, 

September  3d  1811 
Post-Master. 
Dear  Sir, 

During  my  Journey  from  New  Orleans  to  this  place, 
I  found  the  Citizens  greatly  desirous,  that  their  should 
be  established  on  the  Post  Road,  several  additional  post- 
offices; —  Between  New  Orleans  &  Pinckneyville  in  the 
Mississippi  Territory  a  distance  190  Miles,  the  Post- 
Road  passes  thro'  a  rich  &  populous  District  &  on  the 
whole  route,  there  is  only  one  Regular  post-office  near  the 
little  Town  of  Donaldsonville,  which  is  distant  from  New 
Orleans  about  sixty-five  Miles. —  T  beg  leave  therefore 
Sir,  to  suggest  to  you  the  expediency  of  establishing  a 
Post-Office,  at  the  town  of  Baton  Rouge  &  another  near 
to  St.  Francisville,  at  the  plantation  of  John  H.  Johnson. 
—  at  Baton  Rouge,  I  beg  leave  to  recommend  as  the  Post- 
master, Mr.  Henry  Ourley,  a  younger  Brother  of  our  mu- 
tual friend  John  W.  Hurley,  deceased. —  Mr.  Henry  (lur- 
ley  is  by  profession  a  Lawyer. —  But  being  very  young 
in  the  practice,  he  has  sufficient  time  to  attend  to  the  du- 

1  These  are  papers  of  the  period  at  Mobile  and  Baton  Rouge. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       355 

ties  of  Post-master,  £  the  profits  arising,  would  be  of 
great  service,  to  this  deserving  young  Man.  —  For  Post- 
master on  Mr.  Johnson's  plantation,  near  St.  Francis- 
ville,  I  would  recommend  the  owner  of  the  farm,  Mr. 
John  H.  Johnson,  a  man  of  great  respectability  &  of  the 
most  influential  (—  -  ?  -  — )  in  that  part  of  West 
Florida  which  was  lately  taken  possession  of  in  the  name 
&  behalf  of  the  United  States.  The  Post  Road  passes  by 
Mr.  Johnson's  plantation  within  a  short  Mile  of  St. 
Francisville ; —  If  the  General  regulations  of  your  De- 
partment, would  permit  the  course  of  the  present  Road 
to  be  so  altered,  as  to  pass  thro '  St.  Francisville,  it  would 
be  more  convenient  to  the  people,  that  a  post-office  be 
established  at  that  place,  &  in  which  case  I  would  also 
recommend  Mr.  Johnson  as  the  Post-master : —  St.  Fran- 
cisville is  a  small  Village  in  the  parish  of  Feliciana,— 
And  the  Place  where  the  sessions  of  one  of  the  Parish 
Court  &  the  Superior  Court  of  the  District  are  holden.— 

It  is  also  very  desirable,  that  there  should  be  a  Post- 
office  at  some  Central  position  between  Donaldsonville  & 
New  Orleans ; —  I  cannot  however  at  present  name  the 
particular  Spot,  or  recommend  to  you,  a  suitable  person 
for  Post-master ; —  But  so  soon  as  I  can  inform  myself  on 
these  points,  I  will  take  the  liberty  again  to  write  you.— 

I  have  nothing  new  in  this  quarter ; —  the  question  as 
to  State  authority,  occupies  every  mind,  &  some  divi- 
sion in  the  public  sentiment  exists; —  But  my  impres- 
sion is,  that  a  Majority  of  the  Convention  will  deem  it 
expedient  to  form  a  Constitution  or  State  Government.— 

Things  at  Mobile  remain  in  Statue-quo  &  the  Span- 
iards evidence  no  disposition  to  evacuate. 

Yours, 
(Sigd)        AV.  C.  C.  Claiborno. 


356  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

To  Paul  Hamilton 

Private.  Concordia,  September  9th  1811. 

Secretary  of  the  Navy. 
My  dear  Sir, 

Your  public  letter  of  the  19th  of  July  has  afforded 
me  sincere  satisfaction. —  The  approbation  of  my  Con- 
duct (at  all  times  so  desirable)  is  on  the  present  occasion, 
the  more  agreeable,  since  I  previously  apprehended,  that 
it  would  (probably)  be  Censured.—  This  apprehension 
arose  principally  from  the  Contents  of  certain  private 
Letters  of  a  Gentleman  lately  in  Washington  to  his 
friends  in  New  Orleans  and  Baton  Rouge,  representing 
that  my  proceedings  were  unauthorized,  &  would  not  be 
approved. —  But  it  seems  the  Gentleman  was  illy  advised. 

I  have  understood,  that  the  Spaniards  have  recently 
sent  from  Mobile  a  small  Detachment  of  Troops  to  Dol- 
phin Island,  &  in  a  Letter  from  Commodore  Shaw  receiv- 
ed on  last  evening,  he  asks  my  advice,  as  to  the  course 
proper  to  be  pursued  on  his  part,  in  the  event  "that  the 
passage  of  our  Vessels  into  the  Bay  of  Mobile  be  denied" 
or —  "in  case  the  Spaniards  should  proceed  to  fortify 
the  Island."  -  Commodore  Shaw's  Letter  shall  be  made 
the  subject  of  my  serious  reflection  and  a  Copy  of  the 
answer  I  shall  return,  will  be  forwarded  to  you  by  the 
ensuing  Mail.— 

New  Orleans  is  unusually  unhealthy,  and  many  Indi- 
viduals recently  settled  there,  have  fallen  Victims  to  the 
Yellow  Fever. 

My  best  wishes  to  your  amiable  Lady  &  family. 

I  am  &ca 
(Sigd)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborno. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        357 

To  Paul  Hamilton 

Territory  of  Orleans, 
Concordia  (opposite  Natchez) 

Sept:  9th  1811 
Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

Owing  to  my  absence  from  New  Orleans,  to  which 
place  your  letter  of  the  19  of  July  was  directed,  that 
agreeable  communication,  did  not  reach  me,  until  last 
evening. — I  feel  much  gratified,  that  "in  furnishing  the 
Vessels  charged  with  Military  Stores  for  the  garrison  of 
Fort  Stoddart  a  safe  Convoy  to  their  port  of  destina- 
tion," I  have  met  your  entire  approbation,  &  I  persuade 
myself  that  the  result  of  that  measure,  (of  which  I  trans- 
mitted the  earliest  information)  will  be  alike  satisfactory 
to  my  superior  officers. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  £c 

(Sigd)        TV.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Commodore  Sliaiv 

Concordia  Septbr  9th  1811. 
NEW  ORLEANS. 
My  dear  Sir, 

I  enclose  for  your  perusal,  a  Copy  of  a  Letter,  which 
I  have  received  from  the  secretary  of  the  Navy,  approv- 
ing my  Conduct  in  furnishing  a  Convoy  to  the  Vessel, 
charged  with  Stores  for  Fort  Stoddart,  nor  do  I  doubt, 
but  that  the  result  of  that  measure  will  be  alike  satisfac- 
tory to  our  Superior  Officers. 

I  am,  Dear  Sir, 

(Sigd)        TV.  C.  C.  Claiborno. 


To  Judge  Latthnore 
Corcordia. 

Dr.  Sir,  I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that  I  have 
this  day  commissioned  Mr.  James  Dunlap,  your  successor 
in  Office  to  whom  you  will  be  pleased  to  deliver  the  Rec- 


358         •  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

ords  &  papers  appertaining  to  the  Office  of  Judge  of  the 
Parish  of  Concordia.— 

I  take  this  occasion  to  thank  you  for  your  faithful 
public  services  &  to  assure  you  of  my  Respect  &  Esteem. 

(Sigd)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  James  Dunlap 

Concordia,  Sept:  13,  1811 
Concordia. 
Sir, 

Desirous  of  availing  the  public  of  your  services,  as 
Judge  of  the  Parish  of  Concordia,  I  have  the  honor  to 
enclose  you  a  Commission  and  to  subscribe  myself 
With  great  Respect 

your  mo :  ob :  Sert 

(Sigd)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Paul  Hamilton 

Territory  of  Orleans, 
Concordia  Sept:  14th  1811 
Secretary  of  the  Navy. 
Sir, 

My  last  Letter  apprised  you  of  the  (report)  communi- 
cated by  Commodore  Shaw,  relative  to  the  Spaniards 
having  taken  post  ai  Dolphin  Island. 

On  request  of  the  Commodore  for  advice,  "as  to  the 
course  proper  for  him  to  pursue,  in  the  event  that  pas- 
sage for  our  Vessels  into  the  Bay  of  Mobile  be  refused, 
or  in  case  an  attempt  be  made  on  the  part  of  the  Span- 
iards to  fortify;"  -  F  now  Sir,  have  the  honor  to  enclose 
you  a  Copy  of  my  letter  of  instruction  to  Commodore 
Shaw  of  the  9th  Tnst:  as  also  of  a  Communication  of  the 
same  date  which  T  have  addressed  to  (Jovernor  Folch,  or 
the  officer  Commanding  the  Spanish  force  at  Mobile.— 

My  impression  is  i  should  be  wanting  in  duty,  were  T 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  359 

to  permit  the  Spanish  Agents  (under  any  pretext)  to  as- 
sume a  Military  position  the  District  of  Country  declared 
by  my  government  to  form  a  part  of  the  Territory  com- 
mitted to  my  care. —  As  regards  Dolphin  Island  (which 
Commands  the  passes  into  the  Bay  of  Mobile)  a  small 
Spanish  Guard  has  always  been  stationed  there,  else  I 
should  long  since  have  taken  possession  of  the  spot;— 
But  should  that  guard  be  augmented  it  seems  to  me  a 
prudent  measure  of  precaution  on  our  part,  to  occupy 
with  a  Military  force,  some  position  on  the  same  Island, 
for  the  express  purpose  of  watching  the  movements  of 
the  Spaniards  and  preventing  them  from  erecting  forti- 
fications.—  Until  however  an  answer  to  the  Letter  ad- 
dressed to  Governor  Folch  is  received,  &  which  I  do  not 
calculate  on  previous  to  the  12  of  October,  I  cannot  de- 
termine on  my  course;  In  the  mean  time  I  should  be 
greatly  relieved,  if  by  some  general  Instructions  from  the 
President,  the  case  under  consideration  was  (—  -  ? 
— )  that  it  be  only  left  for  me  to  evince  my  zeal  for 
the  prompt  &  faithful  execution  of  Orders. 

(Sigd)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  John  H.  Johnson 

Sheriff  of  the  Seventh       ) 
Superior  Court  District  ) 

Point  Coupee  28th  Sept:  1811 
Sir, 

The  Spanish  Agents  at  Mobile  are  Considered  by  me, 
as  in  possession  of  a  small  tract  of  Country  which  in- 
cludes the  Fort  &  Town  of  Mobile,  and  is  bounded  by  Dog 
River,  by  that  part  of  it  called  The  Bayou  Moulins ;  by 
a  line  drawn  from  thence  to  the  Bayou  St  Louis,  (lately 
called  the  three  mile  Creek)  by  the  said  Bayou,  and  by 
the  Mobile  River  &  Bay;—  The  residue  of  the  Country 
lying,  between  the  Rivers  Mississippi  &  Pordido,  &  be- 


360  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

low  the  Boundary  of  the  Mississippi  Territory,  has  been 
taken  possession  of,  in  the  name  of  the  United  States  & 
composes  the  seventh  District  of  the  Territory  of  Or- 
leans. 

I  am  Sir, 

(Sigd)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Paul  Hamilton 

Near  New  Orleans  Octber  8.  1811. 
Secretary  of  the  Navy. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  arrived  hence  on  the  4th  Instant.  My  stay  in  the 
vicinity  of  Natchez,  was  prolonged  by  an  indisposition 
from  which  I  have  not  wholly  recovered;  but  my  com- 
plaint is  not  dangerous;  It  is  only  a  species  of  Rheuma- 
tism, which  subjects  me  to  some  inconvenience. 

I  have  not  yet  received  an  answer  to  the  inquiry  ad- 
dressed to  the  commandant  of  Mobile  relative  to  his  tak- 
ing possession  of  &  fortifying  Dolphin  Island.  I  sus- 
pect the  Spaniards  do  not  for  the  present  intend  to  for- 
tify, but  only  to  keep  possession,  £  to  act  hereafter  as 
occasion  may  serve.— 

Dolphin  Island  is  a  most  important  point; —  It  com- 
mands the  entrance  into  the  Bay  of  Mobile,  £  any  Ene- 
my in  possession  of  it,  might  do  great  injury  to  our  set- 
tlements in  that  Quarter. —  situated  as  affairs  are  with 
England; —  menaced  with  a  hostile  Fleet,  &  immediate 
War,  are  we  not  authorized  to  provide  for  you  safety? 
I  sincerely  wish  I  was  ordered  to  take  immediate  posses- 
sion of  the  Island.— 

(lovernor  Folch  has  gone  to  Havana  &  it  is  reported 
(?)  that  he  is  suspended  from  Command.— 

(Signed)        W.  C.  C.  Claibornc 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  \V.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        361 

To  Commodore  Shaw 

At  Mr.  Soniat's 
near  New  Orleans  Oct.  9.  1811 
Dear  Sir, 

I  enclose  for  your  perusal  an  extract  of  a  Letter, 
which  has  been  addressed  to  me  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Navy. — 

I  shall  set  out  from  hence  on  tomorrow  for  Attakapas, 
and  on  my  return,  which  will  be  in  fifteen  days,  I  hope  we 
may  have  received  an  answer  from  the  Commandant  at 
Mobile,  relative  to  the  occupancy  of  Dolphin  Island. —  In 
the  mean  time,  if  you  should  wish  to  communicate  with 
me  on  matters  relating  to  the  public  Interest,  you  will  be 
pleased  to  request  the  bearer  of  your  dispatches  to  pre- 
ceed  by  the  way  of  Lafourche  to  the  residence  of  Mr. 
Martin  Duralde  in  Attakapas,  and  he  will  meet  me,  either 
there,  or  on  my  return  to  New  Orleans.— 
I  sincerely  wish  you  health  and  happiness. 
I  am 
Dear  Sir 

Very  Respectfully 

Yours  &c 
(Sigd)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborno. 


To  James  Mather 
Mayor  of  New  Orleans,  )  at  Mr.  Soniat's 

or  )  Evening  of  the  10th  Oct.  1811. 

in  his  absence  to  ) 

Mr.  Chabaud,  Secy  ) 

of  the  Mayoralty.  ) 

Dear  Sir, 

Will  you  have  the  goodness  to  send  one  of  your  young 
Men  to  Mr.  Thierry's  &  request  of  him  to  furnish  you, 
for  my  use,  a  Copy  of  the  paper  in  which  there  are  cer- 
tain Letters,  said  to  have  been  addressed  bv  Governor 


362        -  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

Folch  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  &  Colo.  McKee  relative 
to  the  surrender  of  West  Florida  to  the  United  States  ;— 
If  Mr.  Thierry  should  not  be  enabled  to  find  the  paper 
alluded  to,  will  you  be  good  enough  to  obtain  the  same 
for  me  from  some  other  of  the  printers. —  Be  so  obliging 
as  to  present  the  enclosed  order  to  Mr.  Johnson  &  lie  will 
deliver  you  such  Letters  &  papers  as  the  Mail  of  tomor- 
row may  bring  to  my  address,  &  lastly,  will  you  dispatch 
a  Messenger  to  me  as  soon  as  the  Mail  arrives,  charging 
to  my  account  any  Compensation  you  may  give  him. —  If 
you  should  be  at  a  loss  for  a  Messenger,  on  application 
to  the  Deputy  Sheriff  Mr.  Drawillard,  lie  will  do  me 
the  favor  to  furnish  one. —  I  would  not  impose  upon  you 
so  much  trouble,  But  I  have  understood  that  Mr.  Vassant, 
the  first  Clerk  in  my  office,  is  too  much  indisposed  to  at- 
tend to  business.— 

I  had  a  high  fever  on  last  night. —  But  it  left  me  this 
morning  &  my  feelings  are  now  such  as  to  justify  hope 
that  it  will  not  return.— 

I  wish  you  health  &  happiness.     I  am  &c  &c 

(Signed)     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Major  McRea 

at  Mr.  Soniat's  four  Leagues 
above  Xc\v  Orleans  Oetbr.  11  1S11 
or  ) 

the  Officer  Commanding  ) 
the  Marine  Corps  at          ) 
New  Orleans.  ) 

Sir, 

Corporal  Clark  of  the  Marine  Corps  and  Robert  Brax- 
ton  a  private,  two  of  the  Barge  Crew,  that  conveyed  me 
to  Natchez,  are  ordered  to  deposit  a  Barge  of  the  United 
States,  with  the  officer  having  charge  of  the  navy  yard,  & 
to  report  themselves  to  you.— 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORXE.        363 

One  the  Crew  Daniel  Shay  was  left  sick  in  the  Mili- 
tary Hospital  at  Baton  Rouge ; —  another  Jacob  Nichols 
is  now  very  sick  at  this  place,  &  a  third  Benjamin  Car- 
penter has  also  been  extremely  indisposed  but  is  now 
Convalescent. —  I  however  have  permited  him  to  remain 
here  for  the  present  in  Consequence  of  his  great  unwill- 
ingness to  approach  New  Orleans,  &  for  the  purpose  of 
attending  to  his  sick  comrade  Jacob  Nichols,  who  will  ex- 
perience from  my  friend  Mr.  Soniat  all  the  attention 
which  humanity  suggests. —  I  have  promised  Corporal 
Clark  &  Braxton,  earnestly  to  entreat  you  to  permit  them 
to  proceed  to  the  Bayou  St.  John  &  report  themselves  to 
Li  out.  Paterson,  (with  whom  I  have  conversed  on  the 
subject),  who  will  put  them  on  board  (—  —1—  — )  Vessel. 
I  think  humanity  strongly  urges  that  these  two  men 
should  be  indulged  in  their  wish  to  leave  Town  immedi- 
ately.—  Exposed  as  they  have  been  to  the  hot  Sun  of 
Louisiana  on  a  voyage  of  several  weeks  on  the  Missis- 
sippi, they  are  certainly  fit  objects  for  the  Yellow  River 
&  witli  a  view  to  the  preservation  of  the  lives  of  two 
faithful  soldiers,  I  have  addressed  you. 
I  am  Sir,  Yours  &c, 

(Signed)     AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To.  James  Monroe 

Four  leagues  above. 
New  Orleans  12th  Octbr.  1811 
Secretary  of  State. 
Sir, 

Governor  Claiborne  being  very  much  indisposed,  de- 
sires me  to  forward  to  you,  the  enclosed  Letters  from 
the  Mayor  of  New  Orleans,  which  will  inform  you  the 
ravages,  which  the  yellow  or  some  other  Malignant  Fever, 
has  made  in  that  unfortunate  City. —  I  am  sorry  to  add 
Sir,  that  this  fever  still  rages,  &  with  melancholy  effect, 


364  MISSISSIPPI     TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

nor  is  it  probable,  that  it  will  cease,  prior  to  the  Month 
of  December.— 

There  having  appeared  in  a  paper  published  at  New 
Orleans  a  paragraph,  purporting  that  the  Governor  had 
received  a  Letter  from  the  Secretary  of  State,  announc- 
ing that  War  with  England  was  inevitable,  I  have  by  the 
Governor's  order  contradicted  it,  in  a  note  to  the  printer. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be, 
Sir, 

With  Sentiments  of  the  greatest 
Respect, 

Your  mo:  ob:  Servant, 
(Signed)     Claude  Dejan,  Pri:  Secy. 


To  His  Excellency  Maximilian  Maxent; 

Sir, 

Governor  Claiborne  being  very  much  indisposed  and 
Confined  to  his  bed,  Charges  me  to  inform  your  Excel- 
lency that  he  will  embrace  the  first  moments  of  return- 
ing health  to  reply  to  your  Letter  under  date  of  the  30th 
Illto.  which  was  this  day  delivered  to  him.— 
I  have  the  honor  to  be, 
Your  Excellency's 

Most  ol) :  £  very  H :  Serf, 
(Signed)     Claude  Dejan,  Pri:  Secy 
four  Leagues  above 
New  Orleans  12th  October  1811. 


To  all  who  shall  see  those  presents,  and  more  par- 
ticularly the  Sheriff  of  the  1st  Superior  Court  District.— 

Be  it  known,  that  by  virtue  of  the  powers  in  me  vested, 
T  do  direct  &  require,  that  trie  execution  of  the  sentence 
of  Death  which  has  been  announced  by  Iho  Judge  of  the 
Parish  of  New  Orleans,  &  a  .Jury  duly  impanelled  nc- 
cordir.u'  to  La\v,  against  the  ne-rro  man  l!enrv,  the  Slave 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBOBJSTE.  365 

of  Messrs.  Laymere  &  Grounx,  be  suspended  until  the 
first  Friday  in  the  Month  of  January  of  the  year  1812.— 
Given  near  to  New  Orleans,  on  the  25th  day  of  Octo- 
ber in  the  year  1811.— 

(Sigd)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  James  Monroe 

Four  leagues  above 
New  Orleans  27th  Oct :  1811 
Secretary  of  State 
Sir, 

Having  received  information  that  the  Spanish  Agent 
had  occupied  Dolphin  Island,  and  designed  to  erect  forti- 
fications, I  commenced  a  Correspondence  upon  the  sub- 
ject with  the  Governor  at  Pensacola,  &  of  the  Letters 
which  ensued  the  enclosed  No.  1.  2.  &  3  are  Copies.— 

If  my  memory  serves  me  right,  in  the  year  1805  in 
Conformity  to  my  instructions  from  the  President,  I 
remonstrated  to  the  Marquis  of  Casa  Calvo,  against 
these  Spanish  Agents  assuming  any  new  Military  posi- 
tion within  the  Tract  of  Country,  which  altho '  possessed 
by  Spain,  was  claimed  by  the  United  States,  &  I  gave  him 
to  understand  that  in  case  any  new  fortifications  were 
erected,  the  American  Government  would  feel  itself 
authorized  to  take  measures  to  break  them  up. —  I 
thought  it  no  less  my  duty  at  the  present  day  to  notify 
the  Spanish  Agents,  that  the  occupying  and  fortifying 
of  Dolphin  Island,  would  not  be  seen  with  approbation, 
&  in  such  event,  that  some  correspondent  dispositions 
would  be  directed  on  my  part. —  Dolphin  Island  is  near 
tlie  entrance  of  Mobile,  &  may  be  so  fortified,  as  com- 
pletely to  command  the  passes  into  that  Bay. —  At  the 
date  of  my  last  information,  there  was  a  very  inconsider- 
able Spanish  Force  on  the  Island ;  But  should  this  force 
be  augmented,  and  fortifications  erected,  I  should  deem 
it  advisable  to  take  measures  to  break  them  up. —  But 


366  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

without  the  orders  of  the  President,  no  force  on  my  part 
shall  be  resorted  to; —  unless  indeed  some  flagrant  act 
of  violence  be  committed,  which  it  would  be  my  duty  im- 
mediately to  resent.— 

You  will  notice  in  the  Letter  of  Governor  Maxent's 
the  very  indecorous  &  warm  manner,  in  which  he  speaks 
of  the  act  of  taking  possession  of  the  Country  West  of 
the  Perdido.  My  impression  is,  that  he  was  encouraged 
to  use  this  Language  from  the  existing  differences  be- 
tween the  United  States  &  England,  &  I  could  not  re- 
frain telling  him  so ; —  perhaps  it  had  better  been  avoided, 
but  his  Letter  really  would  not  admit  of  a  very  Civil 
answer.— 

I  am  just  recovering  from  a  serious  Indiposition.— 
I  had  a  fever  for  10  days ;  it  has  left  me  extremely  feeble, 
&  in  a  State  so  illy  prepared  to  attend  to  business,  that 
I  hasten  to  subscribe  myself 

With  very  great  respect,  &c  a 

(Sigd)     William  C.  C.  Claibornc. 


To  His  Excellency  Governor  Maxent  Pensacola. 

Xear  New-Orleans  27th  Get:  1811 
Sir, 

A  serious  Indisposition  lias  hitherto  prevented  me 
from  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  your  Letter  under 
date  of  the  30th  Ulto.- 

How  far  your  Excellency  may  have  been  correct  in 
declining  to  answer  my  Enquiries,  relative  to  the  occu- 
pancy of  Dolphin  Island,  with  a  Military  force,  I  leave 
to  your  own  reflections; —  but  you  must  permit  me  Sir, 
to  express  my  conviction  of  the  propriety  of  these  en- 
quiries, and  to  add,  that  they  ought  not  to  have  excited 
the  astonishment  which  you  profess  to  have  felt.— 

I  presume  your  Excellency  must  be  well  acquainted 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        367 

with  the  duties  which  Nations  owe  to  each  other; —  It 
is  a  principle  well  established,  that  the  Agents  of  one 
Power  have  not  the  right,  even  within  their  own  acknowl- 
edged Dominions,  to  direct  unusual  Military  Movements, 
without  giving  satisfactory  explanations  to  their  neigh- 
bouring States; —  And  if  such  explanation  is  denied,  it 
is  just  cause  of  offense. —  But  as  regards  Dolphin  Island, 
altho'  at  present  possessed  by  Spain,  it  is  claimed  by 
the  United  States,  &  I  am  at  a  loss  to  know  Avhat  ground 
you  have  formed  the  opinion  that  the  measures  you  might 
take  respecting  it  did  not  Concern  my  Government,  & 
that  by  requesting  information  upon  the  subject,  I  had 
evenced  a  degree  of  impertinent  curiosity,  which  you 
ought  not  to  satisfy.— 

Had  I  been  disposed  to  discuss  with  your  Excellency 
all  the  just  and  weighty  Considerations,  which  induced 
the  President  to  direct  passession  to  be  taken  of  the  dis- 
trict of  Country,  lying  West  of  the  Perdido,  the  very  in- 
decorous language,  which  your  Excellency  uses  towards 
my  Government,  would  have  precluded  me.—  To  your 
assertion  Sir,  that  the  Americans  in  immitation  of  the 
Tyrant  of  Europe,  &  to  the  great  astonishment  of  the 
whole  world,  had  possessed  themselves  of  a  part  of  the 
Territory,  dependent  upon  West  Florida,  I  do  not  hesi- 
tate to  reply,  that  your  Excellency  is  in  error. —  My  Gov- 
ernment has  only  taken  possession  of  her  own; —  of  a 
tract  of  Country,  she  acquired  by  fair  purchase  from  its 
lawful  owner;  &  if  there  is  anything  in  the  transaction, 
calculated  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  world,  it  is  Sir, 
the  long  forbearance  of  my  Government,  &  the  mild  & 
conciliatory  Course  which  she  has  so  uniformly  ob- 
served.—  But  how  has  it  happened  that  your  Excellency's 
feelings  have  been  so  long  suppressed?  It  is  a  matter 
of  surprise  that  an  earlier  occasion,  had  not  been  em- 
braced to  declare  your  Indignation  !  Why  is  the  present 
moment  chosen?  There  is  probably  a  moving  Cause! 


368  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

Perhaps  it  is  attributable  to  some  recent  ground  of  mis- 
understanding between  our  two  Nations,  of  which  I  am 
not  advised !  Or  perhaps  it  is  in  some  manner  connected 
with  the  Difficulties,  believed  to  exist,  between  the  United 
States  &  that  power,  whom  a  short  time  ago,  your  Ex- 
cellency would  have  designed  the  *  *  Tyrant  of  the  Seas ! ' ' 

At  the  moment  of  refusing  to  respond  to  my  en- 
quiries, I  had  not  calculated  on  your  requiring  informa- 
tion as  to  the  measures  I  should  direct. —  I  however  »will 
inform  your  Excellency,  that  these  will  depend  upon  the 
extent  of  the  fortifications  you  may  erect  on  Dolphin 
Island,  &  of  the  force  which  is  to  defend  them!— 

I  with  pleasure,  seize  this  occasion,  to  renew  to  your 
Excellency,  the  assurances  of  my  great  respect  &  high 
Consideration.— 

Signed/    W:  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Commodore  Shaiv 

Four  leagues  above 

Bay  St  Louis.  New-Orleans  27.  Octbr :  1811. 

Sir, 

Will  you  do  me  the  favor  to  forward  the  enclosed  Let- 
ter, by  an  Officer  to  the  Spanish  Commandant  at  Mobile, 
who  will  no  doubt,  transmit  it  with  safety,  &  expedition 
to  Governor  Maxent.— 

I  will  thank  you  to  keep  me  advised  from  time  to  time 
of  the  movements  of  the  Spaniards  at  Mobile  and  Dol- 
phin Island,  particularly  as  to  the  force  stationed  at  this 
last  place,  &  whether  any  &  what  preparations  are  mak- 
ing to  fortify.  As  my  measures  must  depend  upon  the 
nature  of  these  movements,  it  is  desirable  I  should  have, 
the  earliest  information.— 

I  am  just  recovering  from  a  severe  Indisposition;— 
A  fever  wihch  continued  for  10  days  has  left  me  ex- 
tremely feeble.— 

I  am  Sir,  &c 

(Signed)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        369 

To  Paul  Hamilton 

Near  New  Orleans  28  Oct:  1811. 
Secretary  of  the  Navy. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  recollect  to  have  transmitted  you  a  Copy,  of  my  Let- 
ter to  the  Commandant  at  Mobile,  requesting  informa- 
tion as  to  the  truth  of  a  report,  which  had  reached  me, 
that  he  had  occupied  Dolphin  Island  with  a  Military  force 
&  designed  to  erect  fortifications. —  I  now  Sir  enclose 
you  a  Copy  of  Colonel  Maxent's  answer,  &  of  a  Letter 
which  in  Consequence,  I  have  addressed  to  him.— 

There  is  no  doubt  with  me,  but  the  differences  between 
the  United  States  &  England  have  tended  in  some  manner 
to  produce  this  extreme  Irritability  on  the  part  of  the 
Colonel,  nor  could  I  refrain  from  giving  him  a  hint  to 
that  effect.— 

The  fever  still  rages  in  New  Orleans. — It  has  proved 
particularly  destructive  to  the  Marine  Corps;  you  have 
lost  two  valuable  Subaltern  Officers,  Lieutenants  Thorn- 
ton &  Eiddle,  £  I  believe  more  than  a  third  of  the  pri- 
vates.— 

Commodore  Shaw,  very  prudently  retired  with 
(—  -?—  — )  Vessels  to  the  Bay  St.  Louis,  &  I  under- 
stand the  Crews  generally  experience  a  great  share  of 
health.- 

I  have  myself  been  seriously  indisposed; —  A  fever 
which  lasted  for  10  days  has  left  me  very  feeble. —  but  in 
a  fair  way  for  a  speedy  &  entire  recovery.— 

Present  me  respectfully  &  affectionately  to  your  ami- 
able Lady  and  family. 

Your  faithful  friend, 

Signed/  W:  C.  C.  Claiborne. 

V— 24 


370  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

To  Capt.  Genl.  of  Cuba 

His  Excellency          Near  New  Orleans  30th  Oct:  1811 

The  Marquis  de  Someruilos 
Governor  &  Captain  General 

of  the  Island  of  Cuba. 
Sir, 

I  take  the  liberty  to  recommend  to  the  hospitality  & 
kind  protection  of  the  Government  of  Cuba,  Lieutenant 
Benjamin  Franklin  Read  of  the  Navy  of  the  United 
States. —  This  Valuable  young  Officer  is  seriously  afflict- 
ed with  a  breast  Complaint,  &  being  advised  by  his  Phy- 
sicians to  a  change  of  Scene  and  Climate,  he  visits  Hav- 
ana, solely  with  a  View  to  benefitting  his  health.— 

I  tender  to  your  Excellency  the  assurances  of  my 
great  respect  and  high  Consideration.— 

(Signed)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Capt.  Wm.  Shaler 
Havana. 
Sir, 

Permit  me  to  introduce  to  your  acquaintance  &  to  rec- 
ommend to  your  Civilities,  Lieutenant  Read  of  the  Navy, 
who  visits  Havana  solely  with  a  view  to  benefit  his  health 
which  at  present  is  very  much  impaired. 

I  presume  your  Information  from  the  IT.  States  is 
much  later  than  any  I  could  communicate ; —  It  would 
seem  as  if  our  differences  with  England  were  brought  to 
a  Crisis,  that  left  the  U.  States,  but  one  of  two  alterna- 
tives. War,  or  an  entire  abandonment  of  our  rights  on  the 
Ocean.— 

Accounts  from  the  Western  Erontier  of  this  Terri- 
tory, represent  that  the  Interior  Provinces  of  Mexico, 
are  again  in  a  State  of  Revolution,  and  that  the  Revolu- 
tionists have  gained  many  advantages.— 

I  beg  you  to  keep  mo  advised  of  Hargrove  &  his  Com- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  371 

panions,  &  to  avail  yourself  of  every  fit  occasion,  to  in- 
terest yourself  in  their  behalf;  Hargrove  was  an  Officer 
during  the  Revolutionary  War,  &  has  uniformly  main- 
tained a  very  fair  reputation;  Cyrus  Sibley,  one  of  his 
Companions  in  misfortune,  is  an  estimable  young  Man. 

I  am  Sir  £c  a  &c  a 

Sigd./  W:  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Albert  Gallatin 

New  Orleans  Nov:  9.  1811 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  an  account  of  the  Con- 
tingent expences  of  my  department  for  the  third  quar- 
ter of  the  present  year,  and  to  subscribe  myself.— 
With  very  great  respect  &c 

(Sigd)     William  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Col.  B.  Shawriburg 

Nachitoches.  New  Orleans  5  November  1811. 

Sir, 

You  no  doubt  have  heard  of  the  death  of  the  adjutant 
General  Colo.  Hopkins,  &  the  object  of  this  Letter  is  to 
express  the  very  sincere  pleasure,  it  would  afford  me,  to 
have  you  for  his  successor. —  But  I  must  confess,  that 
since  the  passage  of  the  late  Militia  Law,  (recollecting 
also  your  Conversation  on  the  Subject  when  last  I  saw 
you),  I  have  no  expectation  that  the  position  would  be 
acceptable  to  you. —  A  thousand  Dollars  pr.  Annum,  will 
not  I  suspect  be  a  sufficient  inducement  to  fix  your  resi- 
dence in  this  City  &  to  undertake  duties  which  will  re- 
quire your  attention  two  or  three  hours  every  day.— 
Having  however  offered  you  the  appointment,  previous 
to  the  passage  of  the  late  Laws  when  Colo.  Hopkins 


372  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

talked  of  resigning,  I  think  it  right,  to  await  making  a 
Nomination  until  you  shall  have  had  time,  to  signify  to 
me  your  wishes  on  the  subject,  &  I  shall  accordingly  so 
await,  until  the  16th  of  December,  unless  I  shall  sooner 
hear  from  you.— 

I  am  the  more  anxious  to  have  the  vacancy  filled,  & 
the  Adjutant  General  near  me,  from  the  extreme  solici- 
tude I  feel  to  make  every  exertion  on  my  part,  to  place 
the  Militia  in  the  best  possible  State,  previous  to  the 
Change  of  Government,  which  from  the  Sentiments  of  a 
Majority  of  the  Convention,  will  not  I  presume  be  long 
delayed.— 

Accept  my  best  wishes, 

&  believe  me  to  be  your  friend, 

(Sigd./  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 

P.  S.  Perhaps  you  might  find,  New  Orleans  an  elig- 
ible position  for  your  mercantile  pussuits,  &  in  that  event 
the  Office  of  Adjutant  General  would  be  serviceable  to 
you,  &  I  am  sure,  would  prove  agreeable.  Make  your 
own  Calculations,  &  let  your  Judgment  (which  I  know  to 
be  good),  be  your  guide. —  My  sincere  wisli  is  to  have 
your  services,  but  not  at  the  expence  of  your  Interest.— 
When  the  16th.  of  December  arrives,  If  I  have  not  heard 
from  you,  I  shall  delay  the  appointment  until  the  25th 
of  that  Month. —  If  you  should  make  up  your  mind  to 
accept,  it  will  oblige  you  to  repair  to  the  City  without 
delay;  The  whole  of  this  Territory  is  in  a  wretched  State. 
My  enemies  will  clamour,  let  me  act  as  I  may.  Rut  to 
satisfy  myself  irith  my  0101  Conduct  (which  is  now  my 
rule)  it  is  requisite,  that  I  use  every  possible  exertion  to 
better  their  Condition,  &  with  your  assistance,  I  am  cer- 
tain, this  might  speedily  be  effected.— 

Sig.       AY.  C.  C.  C. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       373 

To  John  H.  Ludeling 

Point  Coupee         New  Orleans  8  Novbr.  1811 
Sir, 

I  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  a  Commission  appoint- 
ing you  Judge  of  the  parish  of  Pointe  Coupee. —  previous 
to  you  entering  upon  the  duties  of  your  office,  you  will 
enter  into  Bond  (of  which  a  form  is  enclosed)  to  the 
Governor  of  the  Territory  with  two  sureties,  freeholders, 
in  the  sum  of  five  thousand  Dollars,  and  will  also  take  an 
Oath,  to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
&  also  an  Oath  of  Office,  &  which  Oaths,  I  hereby  author- 
ize any  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  the  Parish  of  Pointe  Cou- 
pee to  administer  to  you.—  I  am  (fee- 
Signed/  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 

P.  S.  Copies  of  the  Civil  Code  &  of  the  other  Laws  of 
the  Territory  encluding  those  passed  by  the  last  session 
of  the  Legisalture,  will  be  found  in  the  office  of  the  late 
Judge  McShane,  &  which  as  his  successor  in  office  you  are 
entitled  to  receive.— 

W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  F.  Cuming 

Springfield,  New  Orleans  Novbr.  1811. 

Parish  of  St.  Helena. 
Sir, 

Your  letter  under  date  of  the  5th.  Inst.,  (together 
with  its  enclosure)  has  been  delivered  to  me  by  Captain 
Akers. — 

I  do  not  believe,  that  Depositions  can  be  taken,  on  a 
Charge  of  Murder,  unless  it  should  be  made  to  appear 
to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Court,  that  the  "Witnesses  are 
not  in  a  situation  to  attend  personally. —  for  the  present 
therefore  the  most  regular  mode  of  proceeding,  would 
be  to  bind  the  several  Witnesses  to  appear  personally  at 


374     -  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

the  next  Term  of  the  Superior  Court  for  the  Seventh  Su- 
perior Court  District,  to  be  holden  at  the  Town  of  St. 
Francisville ; —  But  the  Atty.  General,  to  whom  I  have 
refered  your  letter,  will  give  you  particular  instructions 
on  this  point.— 

I  am,  Very  Respectfully 

(sgd)       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  the  Attorney  General 

New  Orleans  9  Novbr.  1811. 
New  Orleans. 
Sir, 

I  enclose  you  sundry  Depositions,  relative  to  a  Mur- 
der lately  committed  in  the  parish  of  St.  Helena,  together 
with  a  Letter  to  me  upon  the  subject  from  F.  Cuming, 
sheriff  &  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  that  parish.— 

Mr.  Cuming  seems  to  wish,  that  the  Depositions  of 
Witnesses  might  be  taken; —  But  this  would  I  presume 
be  irregular. —  Will  you  be  pleased  to  give  Mr.  Cuming 
your  instructions  as  to  the  steps  proper  to  be  taken  to 
secure  the  attendance  of  the  Witnesses ;  A  Captn.  Akers, 
will  call  on  tomorrow  or  next  day  for  your  Letter  to  Mr. 
Cuming,  &  deliver  it  in  person.— 

It  may  be  well  also,  that  you  advise  Captain  Johnson 
sheriff  of  the  seventh  superior  Court  District  of  this  case, 
in  order  that  a  Jury  may  be  summoned  in  such  manner 
as  the  law  directs.  I  am  &c  a 

Sigd.       W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBOBNE.       375 

To  Col  Pike 

New.  Orleans  Nov.  llth.  1811 
of  the  Army  of  the  U.  S. 

Baton  Rouge. 
Sir, 

I  am  indebted  to  you  for  two  friendly  &  interesting 
communications,  the  receipt  of  positions  for  the  offices  & 
the  persons  best  calculated  to  act  as  post-masters.— 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c. 

(Signed/  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Joseph  Nourse 

New  Orleans  12  Nov:  1811 
Register  of  the  Treasury. 
Sir, 

In  compliance  with  the  request  contained  in  your  Let- 
ter, under  date  of  the  7th.  Ulto.  which  only  reached  me 
by  the  last  Mail,  I  now  have  the  honor  to  enclose  you  an 
estimate  for  the  Contingent  expences  of  my  Department 
for  the  year  1812.- 

I  am,  Sir,  &ca 

Sigd.        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Eliphalet  Glllet 

Hallowell  New  Orleans  Xovbr.  13.  1811 

Massachusetts. 
Sir, 

Govr.  Claiborne  being  much  occupied,  desires  me  to 
acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  Letter  of  the  23.  of 
September,  &  to  add  that  Mr.  Henry  A.  Gurley  arrived 
in  this  Territory  three  or  four  Months  ago;  that  he  has 
settled  in  a  little  town  called  St.  Francisville  about  150 
miles  above  New  Orleans,  &  is  believed  to  be  in  good 


376  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

health.    He  is  engaged  in  the  practice  of  Law,  &  in  per- 
forming the  duties  of  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  to  which  of- 
fice he  has  been  appointed  by  the  Govn. 
Very  Eespectfully 

Sng  C.  Dejan,  Pri :  Secy 


BY  WILLIAM  CHARLES  COLE  CLAIBORNE 
Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans.— 

To  all  ye,  that  placing  special  Trust  in  the  Integrity 
&  Benevolence  of  Joseph  Montegut,  Senior,  I  do  hereby 
appoint  him,  a  member  of  the  Council  of  Administration 
of  the  Charity  Hospital  of  New  Orleans,  &  I  do  hereby 
authorize  &  empower  him  to  exercise  &  discharge  all  the 
powers  &  duties,  appertaining  to  a  Member  of  the  said 
Council  of  Administration,  from  &  after  the  date  hereof, 
until  the  first  day  of  May,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord,  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  twelve. 

Given  under  my  hand  &  the  Seal  of  the 
Territory  at  New  Orleans  on  the  13th.  day  of 
November,  1811,  &  in  the  36th.  year  of  the 
Independence  of  the  United  States. 

(Sigd)        W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 

Captain  Lynd  will  be  pleased  to  show  this  Map  to  Mr. 
Proffit,  &  to  ask  him,  if  it  is  the  one  he  claims. 

If  Mr.  Proffit  answers  in  the  affirmative  Capt.  Lynd 
will  then  ask  him,  whether  the  right  to  the  Map  had  not 
passed  to  the  Spanish  Government  ?  If  a  Negative  Ans- 
wer is  returned  Captain  Lynd  will  deliver  Mr.  Proffit 
the  Map.— 

The  Map  in  question  was  found  among  the  Archives 
at  Baton  Rouge  &  was  a  paper  of  that  description  which 
of  right,  under  the  Treaty  of  Cession,  passed  into  the 
hands  of  the  Agents  of  the  U.  States. 

But  if  in  truth  it  is  private  property,  I  am  very  will- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       377 

ing  to  deliver  it  to  the  owner.  For  myself,  I  attach  very 
little  value  to  the  paper : —  I  have  seen  two  or  three  Maps 
of  the  same  Coast,  which  I  consider  more  correct.— 

Sigd.  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


Capt.  Richard  Butler 

New  Orleans  13th  Novr.  1811. 
near  Pinkneyville 
Dear  Sir, 

In  the  course  of  the  past  summer,  the  City  Council 
determined  to  conform  to  the  Acts  of  the  Legislature, 
relative  to  the  Charity  Hospital,  and  have  appointed  Ad- 
ministrators on  their  part.  It  now  becomes  my  duty  to 
call  together  frequently  the  General  Council  of  Adminis- 
tration, &  to  recommend  their  carrying  to  immediate 
effect,  the  object  of  the  Legislature. —  I  am  aware,  that 
the  Interest  of  the  Hospital  will  often  suffer,  from  the 
difficulty  of  bringing  together  a  quorum  of  the  adminis- 
trators to  transact  business;  Indeed  this  difficulty  has 
already  occurred,  &  at  two  successive  meetings,  a  quo- 
rum have  not  attended. —  At  the  meeting  proposed  on 
this  day,  Messrs.  Don,  Bellechasse,  Arward  Fortier  & 
Caissergues  attended; —  your  absence  from  the  City, 
was  sincerely  regretted  by  them,  &  considering  the  un- 
certainty of  your  return,  &  the  urgency  there  was  for  a 
Full  Board,  these  Gentlemen  suggested  to  me,  the  ex- 
pediency of  considering  your  seat  as  vacated. —  I  beg  you 
to  be  assured  of  the  sincere  pleasure  it  would  have  af- 
forded me  to  have  you  present  at  our  meetings  to  profit 
of  your  aid  in  promoting  the  cause  of  humanity ; —  But  a 
friend  of  ours,  having  told  me,  that  your  avocations  stil 
detained  you  in  the  Country,  &  that  you  would  not  visit 
New  Orleans  until  Christmas,  &  then  without  your  Lady, 
I  have  concluded  that  your  residence  in  this  City,  this 
winter  would  not  be  permanent.  Under  these  Circum- 


378  .          MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

stances  I  have  thought  it  a  duty  to  consider  you  resigned, 
or  rather  to  view  your  seat  vacated  by  a  residence  in  the 
Country,  &  the  more  so,  since  the  prosperity  of  the  Hos- 
pital, &  particularly  the  settling  of  the  question  as  to  the 
proper  Scite  which  excites  great  Interest,  &  about  which 
the  public  sentiment  is  somewhat  divided,  requires  that 
there  should  be  a  full  Board  :— 

In  the  spring  of  next  year  one  half  the  present  Ad- 
ministrators must  (under  the  Law)  be  relieved,  &  if  at 
that  time  you  should  reside  in  the  City,  &  the  selection 
depends  upon  me,  I  shall  again  endeavor  to  avail  the 
public  of  your  services,  for  I  repeat  that  it  would  give 
me  sincere  pleasure  to  see  you  a  Member  of  the  Admin- 
istration.— 

The  Convention  assembles  again  on  Monday  next; 
On  the  question  as  to  a  state  authority,  there  is  some 
difference  of  opinion;  But  my  impression  is,  that  a  Ma- 
jority of  the  Members  will  deem  it  expedient  at  this  time, 
to  form  a  Constitution.— 

I  have  been  seriously  indisposed,  but  am  now  conva- 
lescent, &  with  a  fair  prospect  of  a  speedy  &  entire  re- 
covery.— 

I  beg  you  to  present  me  respectfully  to  Mrs.  Butler, 
&  believe  me  to  be, 

Yours  &c  a 

Sigd.  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Col.  George  King 

Opelousas.  New  Orleans  13th  Nov:  1811 

Sir, 

I  enclose  you  Commissions  for  Major  Fontenit,  &  for 
the  several  Captains,  first  &  second  Lieutenants,  whom 
you  have  recommended. —  As  respects  the  vacancies, 
which  still  exist,  I  will  thank  you  to  recommend  to  me 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        379 

suitable  Characters  &  Commissions  shall  be  immediately 
forwarded.— 

It  is  expected,  that  your  Regiment  will  not  be  speedily 
organized,  &  I  shall  be  disappointed,  if  it  does  not  in  a 
short  time,  become  a  respectable  &  efficient  Corps.— 

The  Laws  passed  at  the  last  session  of  the  Legislature 
were  sent  you  some  time  since,  &  I  learn  with  surprise 
that  you  have  not  received  them;  other  Copies  shall  be 
transmitted  by  the  first  opportunity. 
I  am  &c  a 

Sigd.     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 

P.  S.  You  will  be  pleased  to  administer  to  the  several 
Officers  an  Oath  to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  &  an  Oath  of  Office.— 

Captain  John  Thompson  is  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Major  &  his  Commission  has  been  delivered  to  him. 

W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  Mr.  Trudeau 

New  Orleans  14  Novber.  1811. 
Recorder-exercising 
the  powers  of  Mayor 

of  New  Orleans. 
Sir, 

On  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  6th  Inst.  by  which 
I  learned  the  determination  of  the  City  Council  to  con- 
form to  the  Act  of  the  Legislature,  relative  to  the  Charity 
Hospital,  I  lost  no  time  in  convoking  a  meeting  of  the 
General  Council  of  Administration,  but  a  quorum  of  the 
Members  did  not  attend. —  A  second  meeting  has  since 
been  called,  but  without  a  quorum.  A  third  meeting  is 
required  on  Saturday  the  16th  Instant,  at  which  time  I 
persuade  myself  a  Majority  of  the  Members  will  be 
present,  &  that  measures  will  be  taken  to  carry  into  im- 


380  MISSISSIPPI     TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

mediate  effect,  the  objects  of  the  Legislature,  &  to  re- 
lieve the  City  Council  from  any  further  Charge  of  the 
Hospital.— 

I  am  Sir, 

Signed    AY — C — C — Claiborne. 


To  James  Monroe 

New.  Orleans  14th.  Nov.  1811 
Secretary  of  State. 
Sir, 

The  Convention  of  Orleans,  assembled  on  the  5th.  of 
this   Month,  in  Conformity  to  the  Act  of  Congress;— 
But  under  Apprehensions,  that  the  City  was  not  yet  free 
from  Yellow  Fever,  an  adjournment  until  the  18th.  In- 
stant was  moved  &  carried.— 

I  have  no  doubt,  but  the  Convention  will  deem  it  ex- 
pedient at  this  time,  to  form  a  Constitution  or  State  Gov- 
ernment;— I  however  calculate  on  great  diversity  of 
sentiment  as  to  its  features. —  Few  of  the  Members  with 
whom  I  have  conversed,  seem  to  accord  in  sentiment,  & 
I  think  it  probable  that  several  forms  of  Government 
differing  widely  from  each  other  will  be  submitted  to  the 
Convention  &  Zealously  supported.— 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  Sir, 
Yours, 

Sigd.     AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Doctor  Ribelot,  Stephen  Henderson  &•  Castcuiedo. 

Circular. 
Sir, 

You  are  requested  to  attend  a  Meeting  of  the  Coun- 
cil of  Administration  of  the  Charity  Hospital  to  be  holden 
in  the  Library  Koom,  at  the  Government  House  on  Sat- 
urday next  at  11  oClock,  A.  M. 

Sigd.     AY.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 
Thursdav  14th  Xovber.  1S11 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORISTE.  381 

To  H.  A.  Gurley 

St  Francisville.         Now.  Orleans  14  Novber.  1811 
Dear  Sir, 

I  now  enclose  you  a  printed  Commission,  in  the  place 
of  the  one  made  out  for  you  at  Pointe  Coupee  &  which 
last  you  will  be  pleased  to  return.— 

I  also  enclose  you  a  Commission  for  Mr.  Brouder  as 
Coroner  of  the  Seventh  Superior  Court  District; —  I 
have  forgotten  his  Christian  name,  which  you  will  be 
good  enough  to  ensert,  &  to  deliver  him  the  Commission 
&  to  administer  to  him  an  Oath  to  support  the  Consti- 
tution of  the  United  States  &  also  an  Oath  of  Office.— 

I  was  for  some  time  very  seriously  indisposed,  But 
am  now  Convalescent  &  with  a  fair  prospects  of  a  speedy 
£  entire  recovery. —  I  learn  from  Washington,  that  previ- 
ous to  the  receipt  of  my  Letter  addressed  to  the  Post- 
Master  General  from  St.  Francisville,  Post  offices  had 
been  established  near  to  that  place  &  at  Baton  Rouge.— 
I  am  Dr.  Sir 

Your 's 

Sig'd.  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 

P.  S.     Inform  me  the  Christian  name  of  Mr.  Brouder  in 
order  that  his  appointment  may  be  duly  recorded.— 

W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  Judge  Claiborne 

Rapide  Xe\v.  Orleans  15  Xovbr.  1811 

Sir, 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  enclose  you  a  Commission  con- 
tinuing you  in  the  Office  of  Judge  of  the  Parish  of  Rapide. 
Previous  to  the  exercise  of  any  authority  under  this  new 
Commission,  you  will  enter  into  Bond  to  the  Governor 
of  the  Territory  with  two  sureties  (freeholders)  in  the 


382  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

sum  of  five  thousand  Dollars,  Conditioned  for  the  faith- 
ful performance  of  your  duties,  &  will  take  an  Oath  to 
support  the  Constitution  of  the  U:  States,  &  also  an 
Oath  of  Office,  which  Oaths  I  do  hereby  authorize  the 
Honorable  Judge  Mathews  or  in  his  absence,  any  Justice 
of  the  Peace,  to  administer.— 
I  am  Sir, 

Very  Respectfully, 

Sigd.  W/C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  James  Pleasants 

New.  Orleans  Novber.  15th.  1811 

Editor  of  the  Virginia  Argus 
Dear  Sir, 

I  received  some  Weeks  since,  a  Letter  (which  has 
been  mislaid)  from  a  Gentleman  in  your  employ,  stating, 
that  your  account  against  me  for  the  "  Argus,"  amounted 
to  I  think  62  Dollars,  &  requesting  that  I  would  forward 
the  amount  in  Bank  Notes. —  I  had  thought,  that  I  had 
settled  my  subscription  for  the  "Argus"  up  to  March 
1801 ;  but  if  such  Settlement  does  not  appear  on  your 
Books  &  you  have  no  recollection  of  the  same,  I  presume 
I  am  mistaken.— 

It  is  not  in  my  power  to  procure  any  other  Notes  in 
this  City,  than  those  of  the  Banks  of  this  Territory, 
which  I  presume  you  would  meet  some  difficulty  in  pass- 
ing at  Richmond,  nor  is  the  Mail  from  hence  to  the  Atlan- 
tic States  Considered  as  perfectly  safe  for  the  Convey- 
ance of  Notes ;; —  I  would  prefer  therefore,  that  you  draw 
a  Bill  upon  me,  payable  at  5  days  sight,  for  the  amount 
of  your  account,  which  shall  be  honored,  or  that  you 
draw  an  order  in  favour  of  some  acquaintance,  or  Cor- 
respondence of  yours,  at  this  place.— 

The  "Argus"  is  always  perused  by  me  with  pleasure; 
I  admire  the  principles  it  supports  and  I  beg  yon  to  have 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  383 

the  goodness  to  continue  my  name  on  your  subscription, 
&  to  direct  that  the  Newspapers  be  forwarded  to  me  with- 
out interruption. 

I  am  Dr  Sir, 
Your 's 
Sigd.  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  James  Monroe 

Ne\v.  Orleans  19.  November  1811. 
Secretary  of  State. 
Sir, 

The  Convention  formed  a  quorum  on  yeaterday,  & 
elected  Mr.  Julian  Poydras  their  President.— 

A  Resolution  has  been  offered  declaring  it  expedient 
to  form  a  Constitution  or  State  Government,  &  to  accede 
to  the  Conditions  required  by  Congress. —  Such  of  the 
Members  as  have  spoken,  supported  the  Resolution;  It 
is  probable  however  that  on  tomorrow,  there  will  be  some 
opposition:  But  its  ultimate  adoption  &  by  a  Consider- 
able Majority  is  Confidently  expected.— 

It  is  reported  that  a  Number  of  Armed  men,  princi- 
pally Americans,  had  moved  from  Nachitoches,  with  a 
view  of  subverting  the  present  Spanish  Government  of 
the  Province  of  Texas; —  that  they  advanced  as  far  as 
the  Sabine,  when  their  Leader  (a  Captain  Marshall)  de- 
serted them  &  sought  the  protection  of  the  royalists  & 
that  in  Consequence  the  expedition  was  abandoned,  & 
the  Men  for  the  most  part  had  returned  to  Nachitoches. 
I  do  not  know  what  credit  is  due  to  this  report ;  No  offi- 
cial information  has  reached  me  upon  the  subject  &  in- 
deed after  the  very  positive  orders,  which  I  had  given 
to  the  Parish  Judge  of  Natchitoches,  &  to  the  Command- 
ing Officer  of  the  Militia,  to  put  down  any  enterprise  of 
that  nature,  &  the  request  I  made  of  the  Commanding 


384      .  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

Officer  of  the  Troops  of  the  U.  States  at  Naehitoches  to 
aid  the  Civil  Authority,  if  called  upon. —  I  really  know 
not  how  to  accredit  the  Intelligence. —  But  from  private 
information,  it  would  seem  that  there  has  been  some 
Movements,  which  our  Laws  do  not  sanction.— 

I  continue  in  a  State  of  Convalesence.  -  -  But  the  re- 
turn of  my  former  health  is  very  much  impeded  by  a  de- 
bility of  Body,  which  very  generally  follows  the  Fevers 
of  this  Climate.— 

The  Secretary  Mr.  Robertson  lias  not  yet  reached  the 
City; —  His  friends  (I  learn)  are  informed  that  lie  had 
set  out  on  his  Journey  hither,  &  by  them  his  arrival  is 
daily  expected.— 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  Sir, 
Your 's 

Sigd.  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Judge  Meriam 

New  Orleans  22nd.  Novbr.  181.1 
Parish  of  Tberville. 
Sir, 

Your  Letter  of  the  12th  Instant  is  before  me.  Enclos- 
ed is  a  Commission  for  Mr.  Brown  as  Sheriff,  &  for 
Messrs.  Bush  &  Landry  as  Justices  of  the  Peace  for  your 
Parish,  which  Commissions  you  will  be  pleased  to  de- 
liver &  to  administer  to  each  of  the  Gentlemen  an  Oath  to 
support  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  &  also  an 
Oath  of  Office. 

I  am  Sir, 

Very  Respectfully, 

Sigd.  W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        385 

To  Gideon  Granger 

New.  Orelans  23rd  Nov:  1811 
Post-Master  Genl. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  take  the  liberty  again  to  recommend,  the  establish- 
ment of  a  Post-Office,  at  Johnson's  Plantation,  within  a 
mile  of  St.  Francisville  in  West  Florida,  &  to  mention 
John  H.  Johnson  Esqr  as  a  suitable  person  for  Post- 
Master.— 

The  post-office  lately  established  at  St.  John's  Plains, 
is  I  believe  (for  I  cannot  speak  with  certainty)  about 
twenty  two  Miles  from  St.  Francisville  and  therefore  not 
satisfactory. —  St.  Francisville  is  a  flourishing  little  vil- 
lage, near  the  Banks  of  the  Mississippi ;  It  is  the  seat  of 
Justice  for  the  Parish  of  Feliciana,  &  the  place  of  hold- 
ing one  of  the  Circuit  Courts  of  the  Territory.—  The 
Inhabitants  of  the  Parish  of  Feliciana  are  for  the  most 
part  native  Americans,  honest  Cultivators  of  the  Soil 
who  feel  a  great  Interest,  in  whatever  concerns  the  wel- 
fare of  the  United  States. —  There  are  some  local  dis- 
contents, arising  principally  from  West  Florida,  being 
excluded  as  a  part  of  the  New  State ; —  But  (if  I  am  not 
much  deceived)  the  great  Mass  of  the  Population  is 
Composed  of  excellent  Citizens  who  are  sincerely  at- 
tached to  the  American  Government. —  Opposite  to  St. 
Francisville  &  on  the  other  Margin  of  the  Mississippi  is 
the  rich  Settlement  of  Pointe  Coupee  whose  Inhabitants 
would  also  derive  great  Convenience  from  a  Post-office 
being  established  near  St.  Francisville. —  The  present 
Post  Route  passes  (as  I  understand)  by  Johnson's  Plan- 
tation which  is  one  mile  from  St.  Francisville,  &  Mr. 
John  H.  Johnson  whom  I  recommend  as  Post-master,  is 
one  of  the  most  respectable  &  influential  men  of  the  Dis- 
trict.— 

v— 25 


386  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

The  Convention  of  Orleans,  have  by  a  vote  of  Thirty 
five  to  Seven  determined  that  it  was  expedient  at  this 
time  to  form  a  Constitution  or  State  Government  &  to 
accede  to  the  Conditions  required  by  Congress. 

A  Committee  is  named  to  draft  a  Constitution  &  will 
I  presume  make  a  Report  in  Eight  days.— 

I  am,  Dr  Sir, 

Yours 
Sigd    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  H.  II.  Gurleij 

New.  Orleans  23rd  Novbr  1811 

St.  Francisville. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  have  received  your  letter  of  the  19.  Inst:,  with  its 
enclosure. — 

My  impression  is,  that  the  Post-Master  General  must 
have  thought  St.  John's  Plains  very  near  to  St.  Francis- 
ville, and  that  the  office  was  established  with  a  view  to 
the  accommodation  of  the  People  of  the  Parish  of  Feli- 
ciana.— 

I  am  thus  impressed,  from  a  Letter  addressed  to  me 
by  the  Deputy  Post-Master  General ;  acknowledging  in 
the  absence  of  Mr.  Grainger,  the  receipt  of  a  letter  I  had 
written  from  St.  Francisville,  in  which  he  says  "Post 
offices  have  already  been  established  at  Baton  Rouge  & 
to  St.  Francisville."  I  however  have  again  recommend- 
ed the  establishment  of  a  Post-office  at  Johnson's  Plan- 
tation with  in  a  mile  of  St.  Francisvillo  £  stated  how 
necessary  it  was  to  the  Public  Convenience.— 

I  am  Dear  Sir, 

Tour's 
Riffd.     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBOBNE.        387 

To  James  Williams 

New.  Orleans  26th.  Nov:  1811 

at  Captain  Farrar  's  splan  :n 

near  New.  Orleans. 
Sir, 

I  take  the  liberty  to  enclose  for  your  perusal  a  Letter 
which  has  been  addressed  to  me,  by  Judge  Moreau  Lislet 
of  this  Parish. —  You  will  observe  the  very  bad  Char- 
acter which  is  given  by  the  Judge  of  the  Negro  Man 
named  Ambroise,  at  present  in  your  possession,  &  the 
solicitude  which  is  felt,  that,  as  well  for  your  own,  as  the 
Public  Surety,  you  should  send  the  said  Negro  out  of 
this  Territory. — 

After  having  perused  the  Judge 's  Letter,  I  will  thank 
you  to  return  it  to  me. 

I  am, 
Sir, 
With  great  respect 

Your  mo:  ob:  Sert. 
Sigd.    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  John  H.  Johnson 
Private. 

New  Orleans  27th.  Novbr.  1811 
Sheriff  of  the  7th  Superior 

Court  District. — 
Dear  Sir, 

A  decided  Majority  of  the  Convention  is  in  favor  of 
annexing  Florida  to  the  New  State,  &  a  strong  but  re- 
spectful Memorial,  will  I  suspect  be  presented  on  the  oc- 
casion, to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States. —  For  my- 
self, there  is  no  political  event  I  more  desire,  than  that 
the  eighteenth  State  may  extend  from  the  Sabine  to  the 
Perdido,  &  I  indulge  a  hope  that  during  the  present  or 
the  ensuing  Session  of  Congress,  an  Act  rnay  pass,  which 
shall  recognize  such  Limits.— 

Upon  the  subject  of  a  Post-office  near  to  St.  Francis- 


388  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

ville,  I  have  addressed  a  second  Letter  to  the  Post-Mas- 
ter General,  nor  do  I  doubt,  but  the  object  will  be  at- 
tained.— 

I  wish  you  health  &  happiness, 
I  am, 
Dear  Sir, 

With  great  respect, 

Your  mo :  ob :  Servt 
Sigd.    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To   his  Excellency  The   Governor   of   the  Province   of 

Texas. 

Sir, 

It  being  represented  to  me,  that  two  Negro  Slaves, 
the  property  of  Doctor  John  Sibley  of  Nachitoches  had 
escaped  from  the  Service  of  their  Master,  &  were  now 
within  the  Province  Texas,  I  have  to  request  your  Ex- 
cellency to  give  the  necessary  orders,  for  their  delivery 
to  their  Master,  or  to  his  agent. —  It  is  not  necessary  for 
me  to  remind  your  Excellency,  of  the  amicable  Arrange- 
ment, I  had  the  honor  to  make  some  years  ago,  with  his 
Excellency  the  Captain  General  of  the  five  Interior  Prov- 
inces of  Mexico  for  the  Mutual  delivery  up  of  Slaves  & 
to  assure  you  of  the  promptitude  with  which,  Slaves  be- 
longing to  subjects  of  his  Catholic  Majesty  &  fleeing  into 
the  Territory  of  Orleans,  would  be  surrendered  to  their 
owners.— 

I  avail  myself  of  this  occasion  to  offer  to  your  Ex- 
cellency, the  assurances  of  my  great  respect  and  high 
Consideration. — 


Sigd.    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


New  Orleans 
November  28th.  1811. 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  389 

To  Dr.  Sibley 

Nachitoches.  New.  Orleans  28th.  Nov:  1811 

Dear  Sir, 

Your  letter  of  the  24th.  Ultimo  received. 

Enclosed  is  a  Letter,  to  the  Governor  of  the  Province 
of  Texas,  upon  the  subject  of  your  Negros,  which  you 
will  be  pleased  to  forward,  if  you  shall  find  it  neces- 
sary.— 

The  Convention,  have  declared  it  expedient  at  this 
time,  to  form  a  Constitution  or  State  Government,  &  to 
accede  to  the  Conditions  required  by  Congress. —  A  de- 
cided Majority  of  the  Convention,  are  in  favor  of  an- 
nexing Florida  to  the  New  State,  and  will  memorialize 
Congress  to  that  effect. —  My  sincere  wish  is,  that  the 
eighteenth  State  may  extend  from  the  Sabine  to  the  Per- 
dido,  &  I  am  not  without  hopes  that  Congress  may  at 
their  present  or  ensuing  Sessions  pass  an  Act  which 
shall  recognize  such  Limits. — 

At  the  date  of  my  last  advices  from  Havana,  Mr. 
Cyrus  Sibley  &  his  Companions  in  Misfortune  were  stil 
in  Confinement;  But  in  other  respects  it  was  not  under- 
stood, that  they  were  rigorously  treated.— 

I  am  Sir, 

Your's 
Sigd    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Capt.  Gaines 

New.  Orleans  Novber  28th.  1811 

Fort  Stoddart. 
Dear  Sir, 

I  sent  you  some  time  since  a  Copy  of  the  Civil  Code 
&  of  the  other  Laws  of  the  Territory.— 

The  Inhabitants  of  Pascagoula  are  Complaining  in- 
cessantly of  the  great  Inconvenience  experienced,  from 


390  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

the  Parish  Judge,  not  residing  within  the  Limits  of  the 
Parish. —  Their  Marriages  are  illegal ; —  &  Wills,  Deeds, 
Conveyances,  Mortgages,  &c  a.  cannot  be  made  and  re- 
corded according  to  Law. — 

I  hope  it  may  suit  your  Convenience,  very  shortly 
after  the  receipt  of  this  Letter  to  remove  to  Pascagoula ; 
or  otherwise  I  must,  (Greatly  as  I  shall  regret  it)  loose 
the  benefit  of  your  Services. —  In  addition  to  the  Incon- 
venience of  the  People,  the  Public  Interest  makes  it  In- 
dispensable that  the  Judge  of  Pascagoula  should  reside 
within  his  Parish  since  a  Tax  is  imposed  upon  the 
County  of  Feliciana,  &  the  part  to  be  paid  by  the  Parish 
of  Pascagoula,  is  to  be  collected  by  the  Judge. — 

Accept  the  assurances  of  my  respect  &  Esteem. 

Sigd.    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Judge  Toulmin 

New.  Orleans  28th.  November  1811 
Fort  Stoddart. 
Dear  Sir, 

Your  letter  covering  a  Copy  of  your  address  to  the 
Civil  officers  of  the  Parish  of  Pascagoula,  upon  swear- 
ing them  into  office,  was  duly  received ; —  But  I  have 
been  prevented  from  earlier  acknowledging  the  same, 
from  a  lengthy  Indisposition,  which  I  experienced  the 
past  summer,  &  the  Mass  of  business,  that,  since  my  re- 
covery has  crowded  on  me. — 

I  am  indebted  to  you  for  the  very  appropriate  advice 
you  gave  to  the  Civil  Officers  of  Pascagoula  &  of  which 
I  trust,  they  will  profit. 

A  Report  is  in  Circulation,  that  the  Spanish  Agents 
have  been  instructed  to  evacuate  Mobile ; —  It  is  possible 
that  such  may  be  the  fact,  but  I  do  not  myself  attach 
credit  to  the  Rumour; —  As  however,  you  are  near  to 
Mobile  I  must  beg  of  you,  to  give  me  the  earliest  infor- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       391 

mation  of  any  movements  in  that  Quarter  which  may  in- 
dicate a  disposition,  either  to  evacuate,  or  to  strengthen 
the  Port.— 

I  lately  sent  the  Civil  Code,  &  the  other  Laws  of  this 
Territory  to  Fort  Stoddart,  directed  to  Capt.  Gaines, 
which  I  hope  have  reached  him. — 

The  people  of  Pascagoula  complain  heavily  of  the 
Judge  not  residing  within  the  Limits  of  the  Parish; — 
their  Marriages  are  represented  as  illegal;  &  their 
Deeds,  Conveyances,  Mortgages,  Wills,  &c  a.  (it  is  said) 
cannot  be  made  &  recorded  according  to  Law. —  I  know 
these  Inconveniences  exist,  &  that  the  residence  of  the 
Judge  in  his  Parish  is  indispensable.  I  hope  therefore, 
it  may  suit  the  Interest  of  Captain  Gaines  to  remove  to 
Pascagoula,  or  otherwise,  I  shall  be  obliged  to  Consider 
him  as  resigned. —  I  have  great  Confidence  in  Captain 
Gaines,  &  a  sincere  esteem  for  him ; —  &  should  be  sorry 
to  be  deprived  of  his  services; —  But  the  residence  of 
the  Judge  in  the  Parish  of  Pascagoula  has  become  not 
only  essential  to  the  Convenience  of  the  Citizens,  &  to 
the  public  Interest. — 

I  am,  Dr.  Sir 

Your 's 
Sigd/    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  James  Monroe 

New.  Orleans  Nov  29th.  1811. 
Secretary  of  State. 
Sir, 

The  Constitution  of  the  New.  State,  as  drawn  up  by 
a  Committee,  was  this  day  read  before  the  Convention. 
-  It  is  for  the  most  part,  Copied  from  the  Constitution 
of  Kentucky. —  The  Legislative  Power  is  vested  in  a  Sen- 
ate &  House  of  Representatives ; —  The  Members  of  the 
House  of  representatives  to  be  elected  for  four  years, 


392         .  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

One  half  going  out  every  second  year ; —  The  members  of 
the  House  of  representatives  to  be  elected  for  two 
years. —  The  Executive  Power  is  vested  in  a  Governor,  to 
be  elected  by  the  people,  &  to  continue  in  office  four  four 
years,  &  ineligible  the  succeeding  four  years ; —  he  is  to 
Nominate,  $  by  &  with  the  advice  &  assent  of  the  Senate 
to  appoint  to  office,  &  has  a  qualified  Negative  on  Bills 
which  may  pass  the  senate  &  House  of  Representatives. 
—  I  think  it  highly  probable,  that  the  Constitution  as  re- 
ported by  the  Committee,  will  be  approved  by  the  Con- 
vention. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be 

Sir, 

Your 's 

Sigd.    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 

P.  S.  The  first  elections  under  the  State  Authority  is 
to  take  place  on  the  3d.  Monday  of  October  in  the  year 
1812.- 

W.  C.  C.  C. 


To  Allan  B.  Magruder 

New.  Orleans  4th  December  1811 
Dear  Sir, 

I  have  received  &  read  with  great  attention,  your  let- 
ter of  the  30th.  Ultimo. —  It  furnishes  me  with  much 
useful  Information  relative  to  the  State  of  Landed  prop- 
erty within  this  Territory,  &  wliicli  I  should  be  happy 
to  use  in  a  manner,  best  calculated  to  serve  the  cause  of 
Justice. —  I  shall  avail  myself  of  an  early  occasion  to 
converse  generally  with  you  on  the  subject  matter  of 
your  Communication;  for  the  present  however  I  feel  no 
hesitation  in  saying,  that  Registers  ought  again  to  be 
opened  for  the  Entry  &  decision  of  Claims ; —  Time  after 
time,  an  Indulgence  of  this  nature,  was  extended  to  the 
Mississippi  Territory,  &  the  people  of  Orleans,  from  a 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        393 

variety  of  Considerations  have  strong  pretensions  to  a 
like  liberal  treatment. —  As  relates  to  Titles  resting  on 
Requitto  only,  I  am  not  prepared  to  say,  that  in  all  cases 
they  should  be  confirmed; —  In  every  instance  however 
where  at  the  time  of  filing  the  Claim,  there  was  an  actual 
settlement;  it  seems  to  me,  a  wise  &  liberal  policy  would 
recommend  a  Confirmation ; —  But  on  this  point  &  others, 
I  will  explain  myself  more  fully,  during  the  Interview, 
wThich  I  propose  very  soon  to  request. —  In  the  mean 
time,  be  assured  of  my  sincere  disposition,  to  Co-oper- 
ate in  all  Measures,  which  justice  to  the  Inhabitants  de- 
mands, or  the  general  Interests  of  the  Territory  may  ad- 
vise.— 

I  am,  Dr  Sir 

Your  &c  a 
Sigd.     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Abraham  Bradley  Jr. 

New.  Orleans  December  4th  1811 
Deputy  Post-Master  Genl.     ) 
Dear  Sir, 

I  do  not  believe  it  necessary  at  the  present  time  to 
establish  more  than  two  Post-Offices,  between  Blanch- 
ardsville,  &  New  Orleans —  and  these  would  in  truth  be  a 
great  accommodation  to  the  Inhabitants. —  I  would 
therefore  recommend  one  at  Butler's  Plantation,  £  an- 
other at  Godberry's  Tavern. —  Butler's  Plantation  is  im- 
mediately on  the  Post  Eoad  about  25  Miles  above  New 
Orleans;  &  Godberry's  Tavern,  about  thirty  Miles  fur- 
ther on. —  At  Butler's  Plantation,  I  would  recommend 
as  Post  Master,  Mr.  Samuel  McCutchon,  a  Native  Amer- 
ican of  great  Integrity  &  respectability  of  Character  ;— 
At  Godberry's  Tavern,  I  would  recommend  as  Post  Mas- 
ter Mr.  James  Godberry. —  My  acquaintance  with  this 
Gentleman  is  very  limited,  but  he  is  represented  to  me, 


394  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

as  a  very  honest  man,  &  Capable  to  the  discharge  of  the 
duties  of  Post  Master. — 

Permit  me  again  to  suggest  the  expediency  of  estab- 
lishing a  Post-Office  at  Johnson's  Plantation  near  St. 
Francisville  in  the  Parish  of  Feliciana. —  the  Post  Office 
at  St.  John's  Plains,  is  about  20  Miles  distant  from  St. 
Francisville, —  &  of  little  accommodation  to  the  Inhabi- 
tants of  Feliciana. — 

It  would  be  more  Convenient  that  an  office  be  estab- 
lished in  St.  Francisville. —  but  as  the  present  Post 
Route  does  not  pass  thro'  that  Town,  I  have  recom- 
mended Johnson's  Plantation,  about  one  Mile  distant, 
nor  do  I  know  a  more  suitable  Character  for  Post-Mas- 
ter than  Mr.  John  H.  Johnson,  of  whom  I  have  spoken 
in  my  two  last  Letters. 

I  am,  Dr  Sir, 

Yours  &c  a 
Sigd.     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


WILLIAM  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE  GOVERNOR  OF  THE 
TERRITORY  OF  ORLEANS.- 

To  all  who  shall  see  these  presents,  &  more  particu- 
larly, the  Sheriff  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Tammany  :— 

Whereas  James  Graham,  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Tam- 
many, has  been  duly  convicted  before  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace  in  &  for  the  said  Parish  of  St.  Tammany,  of  the 
offence  of  having  sold  by  retail  to  Travelers  &  others 
Spiritous  Liquors  without  having  previously  obtained  a 
License  as  prescribed  by  Law,  &  was  thereupon  sen- 
tenced to  pay  a  fine  of  forty  nine  Dollars,  with  Costs  of 
prosecution  ;— 

And  whereas  the  said  James  Graham,  has  been  rep- 
resented to  me  as  an  unoffending,  industrious,  honest  & 
poor  Man,  and  as  a  fit  object  for  the  mercy  of  the  Ex- 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.       395 

ecutive, —  I  have  thought  proper  by  virtue  of  the  powers 
in  me  vested,  wholly  to  remit  the  fine  of  forty  nine  Dol- 
lars to  which  the  said  Graham  has  been  sentenced  as 
aforesaid,  upon  Condition  that  the  Costs  of  prosecution 
be  paid  by  the  said  Graham  without  delay. — 

Given  under  my  hand  &  the  Seal  of  the 
Territory  at  New  Orleans  on  the  4th  day 
of  December  in  the  year  1811  &  in  the 
[Seal]  36th  year   of  the  Independence   of   the 

United  States. 

Sigd    William  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Judge  Claiborne 

New  Orleans  December  4th  1811 
Kapides. 
Sir, 

Governor  Claiborne  being  very  much  occupied,  I  have 
the  honor  (by  his  order)  to  enclose  you  a  Commission 
of  Justice  of  the  Peace,  for  Mr.  Heritage  Howerton,  &  to 
request  that  you  would  deliver  the  same  &  administer  to 
Mr.  Howerton,  an  Oath  to  support  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  &  also  an  Oath  of  Office.— 

I  am,  Sir, 

Yours  &ca 

(Sigd)     Claude  Dejan, 
Pri  Secy. 


Private  New.  Orleans  5  december  1811 

To  Paul  Hamilton 

Secretary  of  the  Navy. 
My  dear  Sir, 

Your  Letters  of  the  9th  September  &  27th  of  October, 
were  each  received  by  the  last  Mail —  I  do  not  know  how 
to  account  for  the  long  delay  of  the  former;  — But  such 


396  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL    ARCHIVES. 

delay  is  now  cause  of  pleasure  to  me,  since  the  painful 
anxiety,  which  by  its  early  reception,  I  would  have  ex- 
perienced for  the  safe  recovery  of  your  amiable  Lady, 
is  entirely  relieved  by  your  silence  as  to  her  Indisposi- 
tion in  your  letter  of  the  27th. —  Hence  I  have  concluded, 
that  Mrs.  Hamilton  is  again  restored  to  health  &  to  the 
Bosom  of  her  affectionate  family  &  friends. — Familiar- 
ized to  affliction,  my  Heart  is  feelingly  alive,  to  the  mis- 
fortunes of  others; —  The  loss  of  two  lovely  Women,  the 
fondest  objects  of  my  affection — whose  smiles  sweetened 
the  pleasures,  &  whose  virtues  softened  the  cares  of  Life, 
awaken  all  my  sensibilities  when  a  domestic  Calamity 
befals  a  friend!  But  thanks  to  a  gracious  Providence, 
your  domestic  happiness  remains  unimpaired,  &  I  trust 
it  may  long  continue  uninterrupted. 

I  have  seen  and  read  with  very  sincere  satisfaction 
the  President's  Speech  at  the  Opening  of  Congress;--, 
The  language  is  firm  &  dignified : — the  Sentiments  purely 
American,  &  the  Measures  recommended  are  such,  as 
every  lover  of  his  Country  ought  to  approbate. —  It  re- 
mains for  Congress  to  give  to  our  Chief  Magistrate  a 
support  worthy  a  great  &  free  Nation,  &  which  a  brave 
and  virtuous  People  ought  to  expect  from  their  Repre- 
sentatives.—  If  hostilities  ensue  the  occasion  should  be 
embraced,  to  banish  all  European  influence  from  the  Con- 
tinent of  America. —  Mexico  should  without  delay  be  ren- 
dered free  &  independent.  Fifteen  thousand  American 
Troops,  marched  to  St.  Antoine  in  the  Province  of  Texas, 
&  one  hundred  thousand  Muskets  would  be  equal  to  the 
object. — The  Island  of  Cuba  also  should  be  early  at- 
tended to. —  It  is  the  real  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  &  be- 
ing possessed  by  the  United  States,  the  Western  Com- 
merce would  be  safe. — I  pray  you  to  write  me  occasion- 
ally during  the  Session  of  Congress ; —  I  shall  take  a  deep 
Interest  in  whatever  passes  by  Washington. —  If  there  is 
War,  I  may  possibly,  in  this  quarter,  render  some  serv- 


LETTER    BOOKS    OF    W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.  397 

ice  to  my  Country,  by  entering  the  Army,  &  If  such 
should  be  the  opinion  of  the  President,  I  would  be  happy 
to  serve  in  any  grade,  which  he  might  think  proper  to 
assign  me. —  If  Peace  should  happily  be  preserved  the 
pursuits  of  Civil  Life  are  most  Congenial  to  my  habits 
&  wishes. — 

It  would  afford  me  great  pleasure  to  visit  Washing- 
ton;— But  at  the  present  Crisis  in  the  Affairs  of  the 
United  States  &  of  this  Territory,  I  cannot  with  propriety 
be  absent  from  my  post.— 

The  Convention  of  Orleans  have  declared  it  expedient 
to  form  a  Constitution,  &  to  accede  to  the  Terms  required 
by  Congress. —  The  form  of  a  Constitution  has  been  re- 
ported by  a  Committee,  &  ordered  to  be  printed; —  The 
Committee  have  taken  the  Constitution  of  Kentucky  for 
their  Model,  &  the  Constitution  as  reported,  will  proba- 
bly (with  a  few  immaterial  amendments)  be  approved.— 
The  Convention  will  I  think  close  its  Sessions  about  the 
last  of  this  Month. —  The  election  for  Governor  under  the 
State  Authority,  cannot  take  place  at  an  earlier  period, 
not  than  the  fall  of  1812; —  what  at  that  time  may  be  my 
prospects  of  success,  I  know  not. —  But  if  my  friends  are 
not  greatly  deceived,  (for  I  cannot  believe  they  inten- 
tionally deceive  me),  were  the  election  now  to  come  on, 
the  public  Sentiment  would  be  found  favorable  to  my 
pretensions.—  I  shall  reserve  for  another  occasion,  a 
more  particular  reply  to  your  interesting  Communica- 
tions;—  Since  I  must  now  hasten  to  prepare  some  dis- 
patches for  the  Western  Counties  of  this  Territory,  to 
be  forwarded  by  the  Mail,  which  sets  out  on  this  day.— 

I  am  recovering  my  former  health  &  Strength ; —  but 
by  no  means  as  speedily  as  I  could  wish. —  The  fevers  of 
this  Climate,  make  a  serious  impression  upon  the  human 
frame,  &  it  requires  some  time  before  their  effects  arc 
entirely  removed. — 


398  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

Remember  me  with  great  affection  to  Mrs.  Hamilton 
&  to  your  amiable  family. —  And  believe  me  to  be — 

With  great  respect 

Your  mo :  ob :  Servt 
Sigd    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Wm  Duval 

New.  Orleans  Decber  5th.  1811 

Comptroller  of  the  Treasury. 
Sir, 

Your  letter  of  the  30th  of  October,  was  received  by  the 
last  Mail.—  The  Instructions  to  Woodson  Wrenn,  the 
Collector  at  Nova  Iberia,  which  accompanied  your  letter 
to  me  of  the  3d  of  April  last,  have  long  since  been  for- 
warded by  Mail  to  that  Office:  It  is  possible  they  have 
miscarried;  but  my  impression  is,  that  these  Instruc- 
tions have  been  duly  received.— 

The  several  Volumes  of  the  Laws  of  the  United  States 
destined  for  the  use  of  Mr  Wrenn  are  still  in  my  posses- 
sion in  as  much,  as  no  private  opportunity  for  Nova 
Iberia  presented,  &  I  had  expected  that  Mr.  Wrenn  would 
himself,  very  soon  have  visited  New  Orleans; —  But  it'  a 
Private  Conveyance  should  not  offer  in  a  fo\v  days,  I 
will  transmit  the  Laws  by  Mail.— 

I  havo  the  honor  to  be, 
Sir, 

Your  mo :  &ca 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 


To  Woodxon   Wre.nn 

Now  Orleans  5th  december  1811 
Nova  Iberia. 
Sir, 

The  Comptroller  of  the  Treasurer  informs  me,  that 
in  a  letter  you  had  addressed  to  him  under  date  of  the 


LETTER  BOOKS  OF  W.  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE.        399 

25th  of  August  you  had  stated  that  you  had  not  received 
the  Laws  or  his  Instructions. —  As  regards  the  Instruc- 
tions, they  were  long  since  forwarded  to  you  by  Mail,  & 
I  had  understood  my  Letter  enclosing  them,  had  been 
duly  received  by  you. —  The  several  Volumes  of  the  Laws 
are  still  in  my  possession; —  It  would  have  been  more 
Convenient,  to  have  sent  them  by  a  Private  Conveyance ; 
But  if  one  should  not  offer  in  a  few  days,  I  shall  send 
two  or  three  Volumes  by  each  mail,  until  the  whole  shall 
have  reached  you. — 

When  I  transmitted  you  your  appointment,  I  took 
the  Liberty  solely  with  a  view  to  your  own  Interest  to 
advise  you  to  pay  a  short  visit  to  New  Orleans,  &  to  con- 
fer with  the  Collector  of  this  Port  (an  able  &  experienced 
officer)  as  to  the  manner  of  discharging  the  duties  of 
your  office ; —  I  still  think,  you  would  have  been  benefitted 
by  such  Conference. — 

I  am,  Sir, 

Yours  &ca 
Sigd.     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  Thos.  C.  Scott 

Alexandria  New  Orleans  5th  decernber  1811 

Rapides. 
D.  Sir, 

Observing  by  the  Official  Return  of  the  late  elections, 
that  you  were  duly  elected  a  Representative  from  the 
County  of  Rapide  to  the  General  Assembly  &  which  As- 
sembly is  to  meet  in  April  next,  it  becomes  proper  that  I 
should  be  informed  whether  or  not  you  will  act  in  that 
Capacity. — It  has  not  I  presume,  escaped  your  Notice, 
that  by  a  Law  of  this  Territory  no  Civil  Officer  other  than 
a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  can  serve  on  tho  General  Assem- 
bly;—  In  the  event  therefore  of  your  acceptance  of  the 
Representative  Trust,  it  will  be  my  duty  to  appoint  some 


400  MISSISSIPPI    TERRITORIAL     ARCHIVES. 

Gentleman  to  succeed  you  as  Clerk  of  the  fifth  Superior 
Court  District.— 

I  am  D.  Sir 

Your's  &ca 
Sigd    W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


To  John  Daivson 

New.  Orleans  llth  December  1811. 

Member  of  Congress 
Dr  Sir, 

The  Convention  of  Orleans  is  still  in  Session;  en- 
closed is  a  Copy  of  the  Constitution  as  reported,  &  which 
after  undergoing  a  few  immaterial  Amendments  will  I 
think  be  adopted.— 

I  have  enclosed  to  the  Speaker,  a  Petition  from  the 
Ursuline  Nuns  of  this  City,  entreating  Congress  to  cede 
to  them  the  Military  Hospital  in  New  Orleans,  in  ex- 
change for  a  vacant  Lot  the  property  of  the  ursulines, 
&  which  is  esteemed  a  more  Convenient  Scite  for  the  Hos- 
pital.—  I  beg  you  to  pay  some  attention  to  this  Petition. 
-  It  may  perhaps  be  advisable  in  the  first  Instant,  to 
move  its  reference  to  the  Secretary  at  War. —  This  Com- 
munity of  Nuns  are  worthy  and  useful  Members  of  So- 
ciety;— Their  Deportment  is  exemplary  correct  &  the 
whole  of  their  temporal  cares  being  devoted  to  the  edu- 
cation of  Female  youth,  they  have  a  just  Claim  to  the 
Patronage  of  the  Government. —  I  have  seen  and  read 
with  sincere  satisfaction,  the  President's  speech; —  The 
Language  is  firm  &  dignified;  The  Sentiments  purely 
American,  &  the  measures  revised,  ought  in  my  opin- 
ion, to  be  approved  by  every  Lover  of  his  Country.— 

I  sincerely  wisli  you  health  £  happiness. 

Sigd     W.  C.  C.  Claiborne. 


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