Full text of "Official letters of the military and naval officers of the United States, during the war with Great Britain in the years 1812, 13, 14, & 15 : with some additional letters and documents elucidating the history of that period"

See other formats

6* o°'-

,p* ..ii:% V

o N^

4? .'^

• II*

"a.

•„•;..

.4V

■»

«A

■.<

Ufa

V%i* v^

-*• % # •%

ro . »

<> 'i".1«

Of •.

C>°?r> -*llE5iP« A>«*». oW^S* fi^*^A *

& ^. -^ V ./ \ \

• • p.

«feV*

v*cr

I ♦ o

•• V>>

7- ^.0* oV-

a*v<V •

*• a* *j> o

I • o.

»-..*

* V > -.'v^^vr* ^ "^ V*2!K*;* V

OFFICIAL LETTERS

OF THB

MIIAT&B.X AXU NAY All OY¥ICETR%

OF THE

UNITED STATES,

BCHI^O THE

SSJny toitt) &vtat ttvitain

IN THE YEARS 1812, 13, 14, & 15.

WITH SOME ADDITIONAL LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS
ELUCIDATINO THE HISTORT «F THAT PERIOD.

0OL1KCTID A.VD ARRANGED

BY JOHN BRANNAN,

ffiEJasijinflton (tits i

'•RIOTED IT yrxt 8t GIDKOS, FOR TBE IDTT'-H

1823.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, to wit.

,♦»*++*++♦* RE IT REMEMBERED, That on the sixth day of Januarr.
L. S. j in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-three,
*********** and of the Independence of the United States of America, the forty -
•eventh, JOHN BRANNAN, of the said District, hath deposited in the ofliee of the
Clerk of the District Court for the District of Columbia, the title of a book, the right
■whereof he claims as proprietor in the words following, to wit :

" Official Letters of (he Military and Naval Officers of the United States during
the War with Great Britain in the years 1812, 1813, 1814, and 1815, with some ad-
ditional Letters and Documents, elucidating the hisloty of that period, collected and
arranged by JOHN BUANNAN." '

In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, entitled " An Acf
for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts and
books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein men-
tioned," and also to the act, entitled " An Act supplement an, to an act, entitled
•'An Act for the encouragement of. learning, by securing the copies of maps,
charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times
therein mentioned." anil extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing,
engraving, and etching historical and other prints.''

IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I hare hereunto set my hand, and
affixed the public seal of my office, the day and year aforesaid.

EDMUND I. LEE,

Clerk of tie District Court for the District of Columbia

buta®]

'm£S*

At the termination of the late war between the United States
and Great Britain, it frequently occurred to the editor that it would
be performing a useful service to his country, to collect and pub-
lish all the important official letters of the American officers, to
preserve them to the rising and to future generations; having
himself frequently regretted the i - ibility of obtaining access
to the letters of the officers of our revolution, with very few
exceptions. He delayed the task from time to time, in conse
»]'ience of the threat labour attending it ; he has, at length, com-
pleted the work which is now presented to the patronage of the
public.

A part of these letters were copied from, and many of the
others compared with, the originals on tile in the War and Navy
Departments; those taken from the official public documents and
the National Intelligencer, were found to be uniformly correct

It was deemed proper to commence the work with the Presi-
dent's message and the report of the committee of foreign rela-
tions, showing the causes of the war; to embody in the work
?ome historical documents ; and conclude with the treaty of peace,
forming in a measure, a documentary history from its commence-
ment to its termination.

The young men of America now advanced, and advancing, to
manhood, must be highly gratified in perusing this volume; they
will there see their fathers, their brothers, and their friends, in
their true colours, in the most trying times. The names of those
valuable men who have shed their blood in defence of their
country, in whatsoever station, ought to be inscribed on the roll
of fame, held up to general imitation, and handed down to pos-
terity for their admiration. The highest honours are due to
those whose bravery repelled the savage and the civilized foe,
both by sea and land ; whose undaunted valour and heroism was
never excelled in the proudest days of the ancient republics.

To the officers of the army and navy, (to whom it is most
respectfully dedicated) it is presumed this volume will prove truly
acceptable.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

1812.

Fa£«.

June. President Madison's message to Congress, 9

Report of the Committee of Foreign Relations, , * 15

Act declaring war, with the Yeas and Nays, 25

Peter B. Porter, Q. M. G. to Major Mullany, 29

Major Mullany to Major General Hall, 30

July. General Hull's proclamation at Sandwich, 30

General Wilkinson's general order at New Orleans,. ._ 32

Colonel Cass to general Hull, Sandwich, , 32

Capture of Michilimackinac [British account,].., S3

August, Lieutenant Hanks' account of ditto, i'<

General Hull to Secretary of War,..,...., 86

General Hull — Surrender of Detroit, Sic , .-. 39

General Brock's general order, 42

General Hull's account of the Surrender of Detroit, 44

Colonel Cass' account of ditto, , 56

Captain Porter — Capture of the Alert 44

Captain Hull — Capture of the Guerriere, 49

ieptem. Commodore Rodger's Cruise, 52

Governor Meigs to the Cftizens of Ohio, 54

General Harrison to ditto, ,,....,...,, 55

General Harrison to Governor Shelby,..., £f>

Captain Taylor — Defence of Fort Harrison,...., 61

Lieutenant Hamilton — Defence of Fort Madison,..., 63

Octob. Commodore Barney — Cruise in Schooner Rossie, 65

Lieutenant Elliot — Capture of the Detroit and Caledouia, 66

Secretary of the Navy to Lieutenant Elliot, 87

General Tupper to General Harrison 69

General Van Rensselaer — Battle of Queenstown, 74

Colonel Newman's Indian Expedition, , 78

Captain Heald — massacre at Chicago,..,,..., 84

Major Young — affair at St. Regis, 86

Commodore. Decatur — Capture of the Macedonian 87

Colonel Russelfs Indian Expedition, 88

^epie/n. Commodore Rodgers — Capture of the Swallow, &c 89

Commodore Chauncey attacks the Royal George, 90

~- Captain Jones —Capture of the Frolic, 92

Colonel Mc. Feely — attack on Fort Niagara,......., , 93

General Hopkins — expedition on the Wabash,., 95

Decern. General Smyth — affairs at Buffalo, ,., 97 — ]0l

Colonel Campbell — Mississineway Campaign, 104

General Harrison and Colonel Campbell on ditto, 109, 110

General Peter B- Porter to the Public ,.... lOj

1813.

Jan'ry. Commodore Bainbridge — Capture of the Java, , 118

Minutes of the Action with the Java, 499

Major Mullany and General Van Rensselaer, H9 &; 121

General Harrison — Capture of General Winchester, 122 iz l?f-

CONTENTS. j|

Jan'y. Isaac Day to General Harrison 124

Colonel Lewis — Battle near Frenchtown, 128

Major M'Clanehan — Battle at the River Raisin, 13Q

General \\ inchester's account of his capture, 132

Febi'y. Secretary of War's Plan of the Northern Campaign, 133

Massacre at Frenchtown, 135

Major Forsyth — Capture of Ogdensburg, 136

President Madison's Messsage to Congress,.. - 136

March. General Dearborn — expected attack on Sackett's Harbour, 137

General Harrison — affairs in the North-West, 138

objects to the Plan of the Campaign, 139

Captain Lawrence — Capture of the Peacock , 14l

April. General Pike's General OHer, 144

Commodore Chauncey and General Dearborn — Capture of York 146

May. General Harrison — Capture of General Clay's Detachment,.... 149

' .lptain S. H. Moore on the Capture of York, 151

General Harrison — Attack on Fort Meigs, General Order and

Siege of Fort Meigs, 149 & 152

General Clay's account of his disaster, 1 58

Genera] Boyd's Brigade Orders, 160 & 162

General Dearborn — Capture of Fort George, 161

General Brown — Attack on Sackett's Harbour, 163

June. General Dearborn— Capture of Generals Chandler and Winder, I64

Lieutenant Allen— frorn L'Oricnt, (France,) 16*

General Lewis— Capture of Generals Chandler and Winder,.... 165

Lieutenant Budd — Capture of the Chesapeake, ]6T

Midshipmen Berry and Weaver on ditto, 179

lieutenant Chauncey — Capture of the Lady Murray, 169

General Chandler on the Affair at Stony Creek, 169

Captain Cessin— Attack on Craney Island, 171-2

rteral Deaiborn — Affair at the Beaver Dams, 173

Captain Angus — Flotilla in the Delaware, , 174

July. Commodore Porter — Affairs in the Pacific, 175

August. General Harrison and Major Croghan — Defence of Fort Sandusky 181-4

Plan ot Campaign submitted to General Wilkinson, 186

Correspondence with General Wilkinson on ditto, 187

cretary of War at Sackett's Harbour to Genera] Wilkinson,.. 193

General Hirrison to Governor Meigs on the Campaign, 194

Commodore Chauncey attempts to bring Sir James to action,.... 195

bailing Master Shea ds' account of his Capture, , 193

General Boyd — skirmishing with the Enemy, , 199

Captain Dent— Capture of the Dominico, .Jcc 201

General Boyd — skirmishing with the enemy, 201

septeni. Major Beasley defeated and killed by the Indians, 202

Lieutenant M'Call — Capture of the Boxer 501

Commodore M'Donough— Affairs on Lake Champlain, 205

Commodore Perry — Victory on Lake Erie, 205

Commodore Chauncey chases Sir James round the Lake, 208

Citizens of Ontario offer their services,... 209

Gen. P. B. Porter & others offer their services At are accepted, 210&213

General Wilkinson on Affairs of the Campaign, 212

tjeneral Harrison's arrival at Amhcrstburg, 214

Commodore Perry to the Secretary of the Navy, 215

Governor Blount's Orders to General Jackson,! 215

Commodore Chauncey— Affairs on Lake Ontario, 215

General Harrison's General Order, 21G

General Wilkinson on embarking for Sackett's Harbour, 21 9

t'viiumodore Perry — Harrison's arrival at Maiden, £20

CONTENTS.

Page.

Septem. President Madison's Message to Congress 431

General Brown and General P. B. Porter — Sortie at Fort Erie, 444,43.5

Octob. Captain Reid — Privateer General Armstrong 445

Governor Wright — Brutality of the enemy at Chaptico.... 449

General Izard — Affair at Lyons Creek, 450

Novem. General Jackson— Pensacola taken 451

General Jackson — Battle below New Orleans, 453

1815.

Jan'ry. Great victory of New Orleans, 455,to46l

Commodore Patterson's account of ditto.......... 461

Major Overton — attack on Fort St. Philip, 464

General Jackson to the Troops on the right bank,.. 465

Rev. W. Dubourg to General Jackson and his reply, 466

March. C. K. Blanchard — Traitors in New Orleans...... 468

General Jackson's farewell to his Army 469

Captain Massias — affair at point Petre, 470

General Jackson's Address and General Orders, 474,477

January.Commodore Decatur — Capture of the President...... 481

Feb'ry General Winchester and Maj Lawrence — Loss of Fort Bowyer, 483

March. Lieutenant Watson — Capture of the Argus, 485

Lt. Thomas Ap. Catesby Jones — Gun Boats and Flotilla,. 487

Captain Biddle — Capture of the Penguin, 490

May. Captain Stewart — Capture of the Cyane and Levant, 492

June. Captain Biddle's escape from a Ship of the line, 494

Extract from the journal of an officer of the Hornet, 496

Lt. Nicholson — Cruelty of the enemy, 498

Treaty of Peace with Great Britain , 504

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE,

.Time 1, 1813.

la ihe Senate and House of Representatives of the United State*.

I communicate to Congress certain documents, being a conti-
nuation of those heretofore laid before them, on the subject of
our affairs with Great Britain.

Without <i<iin^ back beyond the renewal, in 1803, of the war in
which Great Britain is engaged, and omitting unrepaired wrongs
of inferior magnitude, the conduct of her government presents a
series of acts hostile to the United States as an independent and
neutral nation.

British cruisers have been in the continued practice of violating
the American flag on the great highway of nations, and of seizing
and carrying off persons sailing under it; not in the exercise of a
belligerant right founded on the law of nations against an enemy,
but of a municipal prerogative over British subjects. British ju-
risdiction is thus extended to neutral vessels in a situation where
no laws can operate but the law of nations and the laws of the
country to which the vessels belong; and a self-redress is assumed,
which, if British subjects were wrongfully detained and alone
concerned, is that substitution of force, for a resort to the res-
ponsible sovereign, which falls within the definition of war.
Could the seizure of British subjects in such cases be regarded
as within the exercise of a belligerant right, the acknowledged
laws of war, which forbid an article of captured property to be
adjudged without a regular investigation before a competent
tribunal, would imperiously demand the fairest trial, where the
sacred rights of persons were at issue. In place of such a trial,
these rights are subject to the will of every petty commander.

belligerant rights of Great Britain — not as supplying the wants of
her enemies, which she herself supplies ; but as interfering with
the monopoly which she covets for her own commerce and navi*
gation. She carries on a war-against the lawful commerce of a
friend, that she may the better carry on a commerce with an ene-
my— a commerce, polluted by the forgeries and perjuries which
are, for the most part, the only passports by which it can succeed.

Anxious to make every experiment short of the last resort of
injured nations, the United States have withheld from Great Bri-
tain, under successive modifications, the benefits of a free inter-
course with their market, the loss of which could not but outweigh
the profits accruing from her restrictions of our commerce with
other nations. And to entitle these experiments to the more
favourable consideration, they were so framed as to enable her to
place her adversary under the exclusive operation of them. To
these appeals her government has been equally inflexible, as if
willing to make sacrifices of every sort, rather than yield to the
claims of justice, or to renounce the errors of a false pride. Nay,
so far were the attempts carried to overcome the attachment of the
British cabinet to its unjust edicts, that it received every encou-
ragement within the competency of the executive branch of our
government, to expect that a repeal of them would be followed by
a war between the United .States and Fiance, unless the French
edicts should also be repealed. Even this communication,
although silencing forever the plea of a disposition in the United
States to acquiesce in those edicts, originally the sole plea for
them, received no attention.

If no other proof existed of a predetermination of the British
government against a repeal of its orders, it might be found in the
correspondence of the minister plenipotentiary of the United
States at London, and the British secretary for foreign affairs,
in 1810, on the question whether the blockade of May, 1806, was
considered as in force, or as not in force. It had been ascer-
tained that the French government, which urged this blockade as
the ground of its Berlin decree, was willing, in the event of it*
removal, to repeal that decree ; which, being followed by alternate
repeals of the other offensive edicts, might abolish the whole sys-
tem on both sides. This inviting opportunity for accomplishing
an object so important to the United States, and professed so
often to be the desire of both the belligerents, was made known
to the British government. As that government admits that an
actual application of an adequate force is necessary to the exist-
ence of a legal blockade, and it was notorious, that if such a
force had ever been applied, its long discontinuance had annulled
the blockade in question, there could be no sufficient objection
on the part of Great Britain to a formal revocation of it; and
no imaginable objection to a. declaration of the fact that the
blockade did not exist. The declaration would have been con-
sistent with her avowed principles of blockade, and would have

rnnhlfd the United States to demand from France the pledged

repeal of her decrees ; either with success, in which case the
wav would have been opened for a general repeal of the belli'
reran! edicts; or without success, in which case the United
Mates would have been justified in turning their measure*
exclusively against France. The British government would,
however, neither rescind the blockade, nor declare its non-exist-
ence ; nor permit itl non-existence to be interred and affirmed by
the Aim mi. an plenipotentiary. On the contrary, by representing
the blockade to be comprehended in the orders in council, the
United States were compelled so to regard it in their subsecpient

proceedings.

There was a period when a favourable chance in the policy of the
British cabinet was justly considered as established. The minis-
ter plenipotentiary of his Britannic majesty here proposed an
adjustment of the differences more immediately endangering the
harmony of the two countries. The proposition was accepted with
a promptitude and cordiality corresponding with the invariable
professions of this government A foundation appeared tobe laid
for a Bincere and Lasting reconciliation. The prospect, however,
quickly vanished. The whole proceeding, was disavowed by the
British government, without any explanations which could at that
tune repress the belief, that the disavowal proceeded from a spi-
rit of hostility to the commercial rights and prosperity of the
United States. And it has since come into proof, that at the very
moment when the public minister was holding the language ot
friendship and inspiring confidence in the sincerity of the nego-
tiation with which he was charged, a secret agent of his govern-
ment was employed in intrigues, having For their object a subver-
sion of our government, and a dismemberment of our happy union.
In reviewing the conduct of Great Britain toward the United
States, our attention is necessarily drawn to the warfare just re-
newed bv the savages on one of our extensive frontiers : a war-
fare which is known to spare neither sex nor age, and to be dis-
tinguished by features peculiarly shocking to humanity. It is
difficult to account for the activity and combinations which
have for some time been developing themselves among tribes in
the constant intercourse with British traders and garrisons,
without connecting their hostility with that influence ; and with-
out recollecting the authenticated examples of such interposi-
tions heretofore furnished by the officers and agents of that
government.

Such is the spectacle of injuries and indignities which have
been heaped on our country ; and such the crisis which its unex-
ampled forbearance and conciliatory efforts have not been able
to avert. It might at least have been expected, that an enlight-
ened nation, if less urged by moral obligations, or invited by
friendly dispositions on the part of the United States, would
Jiave found, in i<> true interest alone, a sufficient motive to ro-

sjtcct their rights and their tranquillity on the high seas ; that an
enlarged policy would have favoured that free and general cir-
culation of .commerce, in which the British nation is at all times
interested, and which in times of war, is the hest alleviation ol 'its
calamities to herself as well as the other belligerants ; and more
especially that the British cabinet would not, for the sake of a
precarious and surreptitious intercourse with hostile markets,
have persevered in a course of measures which necessarily put at
hazard the invaluable market of a great and growing country,
disposed to cultivate the mutual advantages of an active com-
merce.

Other councils have prevailed. Our moderation and concilia-
tion have had no other ett'ect than to encourage perseverance, and
to enlarge pretensions. We behold our seafaring citizens still
the daily victims of lawless violence committed on the great
common and highway of nations, even within sight of the country
which owes them protection. We behold our vessels, freighted
with the products of our soil and industry, or returning with the
honest proceeds of them, wrested from their lawful destinations,
confiscated by prize-courts, no longer the organs of public law,
but the instrument of arbitrary edicts ; and their unfortunate
crews dispersed and lost, or forced or inveigled, in British ports,
into British fleets : whilst arguments are employed in support of
these aggressions which have no foundation but in a principle
equally supporting a claim to regulate our external commerce in
all cases whatsoever.

AVe behold, in fine, on the side of Great Britain, a state of war
against the United States: on the side of the United States, a
state of peace towards Great Britain.

Whether the United States shall continue passive under these
progressive usurpations, and these accumulating wrongs; or,
opposing force to force in defence of their natural rights, shall
commit a just cause into the hands of the Almighty Disposer of
events, avoiding all connections which might entangle it in the
contests or views of other powers, and preserving a constant rea-
diness to concur in an honourable re-establishment of peace and
friendship, is a solemn question, which the constitution wisely
confides to the legislative department of the government. In
recommending it to their early deliberations, I am happy in the
nance that the decision will be worthy the enlightened and
patriotic councils of a virtuous, a free, and a powerful nation.

Having presented this view of the relations of the United States
with Great Britain, and of the solemn alternative growing out of
them, 1 proceed to remark, that. the communications last made to
Congress on the subject of our relations with France, will have-
shown, that since the revocation of her decrees as they violated
the neutral rights of the United States, her government has au-
thorized illegal captures, by its privateers and public ships, and
that other outrages have been practiced on our vessels and our

citizens. It will have been seen also, that no indemnity had
been provided, or satisfactorily pledged, for the extensive spolia-
tions committed under the violent and retrospective orders of the
French government against the property of our citizens seized
■within the jurisdiction of France. I abstain at this time from
recommending to the consideration of Congress definitive mea-
sures with respect to that nation, in the expectation, that the
result of unclosed discussions between our minister plenipoten-
tiary at Paris and the French government, will speedily enable
Congress to decide, with greater advantage, on the course due to
the rights, the interests and the honour of our country.

JAMES MADISON.

Washington, June 1, 1812.

June a, lsis.

The Committee on Foreign Relations, to whom was referred the
Message of the President of the United States, of the 1st of
June, 1812,

REPORT—

That, after the experience which the United States have
had of the great injustice of the British government towards them,
exemplified by so many acts of violence and oppression, it will be
more difficult to justify to the impartial world their patient for-
bearance, than the measures to which it has become necessary to
resort, to avenge the wrongs, and vindicate the rights and honour
of the nation. Your committee are happy to observe, on a dis-
passionate review of the conduct of the United States, that they
see in it no cause for censure.

If a long forbearance under injuries ought ever to be consider-
ed a virtue in any nation, it is one which peculiarly becomes the
United States. No people ever cherished it with greater sinceri-
ty and zeal.

But the period has now arrived, when the United States must
support their character and station among the nations of the earth,
or submit to the most shameful degradation. Forbearance has
ceased to be a virtue. War on the one side, and peace on the
other, is a situation as ruinous as it is disgraceful. The mad
ambition, the lust of power, and commercial avarice of Great
Britain, arrogating to herself the complete dominion of the ocean,
and exercising over it an unbounded and lawless tyranny, have
left to neutral nations an alternative only, between the base sur-
render of their rights, and a manly vindication of them. Happily
for the United States, their destiny, under the aid of Heaven, is

in (heir own hands. The crisis is formidable only by their love
of peace. As soon as it becomes a duty to relinquish that situa-
tion, danger disappears. They have suffered no wrongs, they
have received no insult, however great, for which they cannot
obtain redress.

More than seven years have elapsed since the commencement
of this system of hostile aggression by the British government, on
the rights and interests of the United States. The manner of its
commencement was not less hostile, than the spirit with which
it has been prosecuted. The United States have invariably done
every thing in their power to preserve the relations of friendship
with Great Britain. Of this disposition, they gave a distinguished
proof at the moment when they were made the victims of an
opposite policy. The wrongs of the last war had not been for-
gotten at the commencement of the present one. They warned
us of dangers, against which it was sought to provide. As early
as the year 1804, the minister of the United States, at London,
was instructed to invite the British government to enter into a
negotiation on all the points on which a collision might arise be-
tween the two countries in the course of the war, and to propose
to it an arrangement of their claims on fair and reasonable condi-
tions. The invitation was accepted. A negotiation had com-
menced and was depending, and nothing had occurred to excite
a doubt that it would not terminate to the satisfaction of both
parties. It was at this time, and under these circumstances, that
an attack was made by surprise, on an important branch of the
American commerce, which affected every part of the United
States, and involved many of their citizens in ruin.

The commerce on which this attack was so unexpectedly made,
was between the United States and the colonies of France, Spain,
and other enemies of Great Britain. A commerce just in itself;
sanctioned by the example of Great Britain in regard to the trade
with her own colonies ; sanctioned by a solemn act between the
two governments in the last war, and sanctioned by the practice
of the British government in the present war, more than two years
having then elapsed, without any interference with it.

Th<- injustice of this attack could only be equalled by the ab-
surdity of the pretext alleged for it. It was pretended by the
British government, that in case of war, her enemy had no right
to modify its colonial regulations, so as to mitigate the calamities
of war to the inhabitants of its colonies. This pretension, pecu-
liar to Great Britain, is utterly incompatible with the rights of
sovereignty in every independent state. If we recur to the well
established and universally admitted law of nations, we shall find
no sanction to it in that venerable code. The sovereignty of
ever? state is co-extensive with its dominions, and cannot be abro-
gated or curtailed in its rights, as to any part, except by conquest.
Neutral nations have a rigW to every port of either bclligerant,
which is not legally blockaded, and in all articles which are not

contraband of war. Such is the absurdity of this pretension, that
your committee are aware, especially after the able manner in
which it has been heretofore refuted and exposed, that they would
offer an insult to the understanding of the house, if they enlarged
on it ; and if any thing could add to the high sense of the injus-
tice of the British government in this transaction, it would be the
contrast which her conduct exhibits in regard to this trade, and in
regard to a similar trade by neutrals with their own colonies. It
is known to the world, that Great Britain regulates her own trade
in war and in peace, at home and in her colonies, as she finds for
her interest — that in war she relaxes the restraints of her colo-
nial system in favour of the colonies, and that it never wa9
suggested that she had not a right to do it ; or that a neutral, in
taking advantage of the relaxation, violated a belligerant right of
her enemy. But with great Britain every thing is lawful. It
is only in a trade with her enemies that the United States can
do wrong : with them all trade is unlawful.

In the year 1793, an attack was made by the British govern-
ment on the same branch of our neutral trade, which had nearly
involved the two countries in war. That difference, however, was
amicably accommodated. The pretension was withdrawn, and
reparation made to the United States for the losses which they
had suffered by it. It was fair to infer, from that arrangement,
that the commerce was deemed by the British government lawful,
and that it would not be again disturbed.

Had the British government been resolved to contest this
trade with neutrals, it was due to the character of the British
nation that the decision should be made known to the govern-
ment of the United States. The existence of a negotiation
which had been invited by our government, for the purpose of
preventing differences by an amicable arrangement of their res-
pective pretensions, gave a strong claim to the notification, while
it afforded the fairest opportunity for it. But a very different
policy animated the then cabinet" of England. Generous senti-
ments were unknown to it The liberal confidence and friendly
overtures of the United States were taken advantage of to ensnare
them. Steady to its purpose, and inflexibly hostile to this coun-
try, the British government calmly looked forward to the moment
when it might give the most deadly wound to our interests. A
trade, just in itself, which was secured by so many strong and
sacred pledges, was considered safe. Our citizens, with their
usual industry and enterprise, had embarked in it a vast propor-
tion of their shipping, and of their capital, which were at sea,
under no other protection than the law of nations, and the confi-
dence which they reposed in the justice and friendship of the
British nation. At this period the unexpected blow was given.
Many of our vessels were seized, carried into port, and con-
demned by a tribunal, which, while it professes to respect the
law of nations, obeys the mandate of ite own government in op-

position to all law. Hundreds of other vessels were driven from
the ocean, and the trade itself, in a great measure, suppressed.
The effect produced by this attack on the lawful commerce of the
United States, was such as might have been expected from a vir-
tuous, independent, and highly injured people. But one sentiment
pervaded the whole American nation. No local interests were
regarded ; no sordid motives Felt. Without looking to the parts
which suffered most, the invasion of our rights was considered a
common cause, and from one extremity of our union to the other,
was heard the voice of an united people, calling on their govern-
ment to avenge their wrongs, and vindicate the rights and
honour of the country.

From this period the British government has gone on in a con-
tinued encroachment on the rights and interests of the United
States, disregarding in its course, in many instances, obligations
which have heretofore been held sacred by civilized nations.

In May, 1806, the whole coast of the continent, from the Elbe
to Brest inclusive, was declared to be in a state of blockade. By
this act, the well established principles of the law of nations,
principles which have served for ages as guides, and fixed the
boundary between the rights of belligerants and neutrals, were
violated : by the law of nations, as recognized by Great Britain
herself, no blockade is lawful, unless it be sustained by the ap-
plication of an adequate force, and that an adequate force was
applied to this blockade, in its full extent, ought not to be pretended.
Whether Great Britain was able to maintain, legally, so exten-
sive a blockade, considering the war in which she is engaged,
requiring such extensive naval operations, is a question which it
is not necessary at this time to examine. It is sufficient to be
known, that such force was not applied, and this is evident from
the terms of the blockade itself, by which, comparatively, an
inconsiderable portion of the coast only was declared to be in a
state of strict and rigorous blockade. The objection to the mea-
sure is not diminished by that circumstance. If the force was
not applied, the blockade was unlawful, from whatever cause the
failure might proceed. The belligerant who institutes the block-
ade, cannot absolve itself from the obligation to apply the force
under any pretext whatever. For a belligerant to relax a block-
ade, which it could not maintain, with a view to absolve itself
from the obligation to maintain it, would be a refinement in in-
justice, not less insulting to the understanding than repugnant
to the law of nations. To claim merit for the mitigation of an
evil, which the party either had not the power, or found it inconve-
nient to inflict, would be a new mode of encroaching on neutral
rights. Your committee think it just to remark, that this act of
the British government does not appear to have been adopted in
the sense in which it has been since construed. On considera-
tion of all the circumstances attending the measure, and particu-
larly the character of the distinguished statesman who announced.

it, we are persuaded that it was conceived in a spirit of concilia-
tion, and intended to lead to an accommodation of all dirt'erences
between the United States and Great Britain. His death disap-
pointed that hope, and the act has since become subservient to
other purposes. It has been made by his successors a pretext
for that vast system of usurpation, which has so long oppressed
and harrassed our commerce.

The next act of the British government which claims our
attention, is the order of council of Januarv 7, 1807, by which
neutral powers are prohibited trading from one port to another
of France or her allies, or any other country with which Great
Britain might not freely trade. By this order the pretension of
England, heretofore claimed by every other power, to prohibit
neutrals disposing of parts of their cargoes at different ports of
the same enemy, is revived, and with vast accumulation of injury;
Every enemy, however great the number or distant from each
other, is considered one, and the like trade even with powers at
peace with England, who from motives of policy had excluded
or restrained her commerce, was also prohibited. In this act the
British government evidently disclaimed all regard for neutral
rights. Aware that the measures authorized by it could find no
pretext in any belligerent right, none was urged. To prohibit
the sale of our produce, consisting of innocent articles, at any
port of a belligerant, not blockaded, to consider every belligerant
as one, and subject neutrals to the same restraints with all, as if
there was but one, were bold encroachments. But to restrain or
in any manner interfere with our commerce with neutral nations
with whom Great Britain was at peace, and against whom she
had no justifiable cause of war, for the sole reason that they
restrained or excluded from their ports her commerce, was utter-
ly incompatible with the pacific relations subsisting between the
two countries.

We proceed to bring into view the British order in council of
November 11th, 1807, which superseded every other order, and
consummated that system ot hostility on the commerce of the
United States which has been since so steadily pursued. By this
order all France and her allies, and every other country at war
with Great Britain, or with which she was not at war, from which
the British flag was excluded, and all the colonies ot her enemies,
were subjected to the same restrictions as if they were actually
blockaded in the most strict and rigorous manner, and all trade
in articles the produce and manufacture of the said countries and
colonies, and the vessels engaged in it, were subjected to capture
and condemnation as lawful prize. To this order certain ex-
ceptions were made, which we forbear to notice, because they
were not adopted from a regard to neutral rights, but were dic-
tated by policy to promote the commerce of England, and so far
as they related to neutral powers, were said to emanate from the
clemency of the British government.

It would be superfluous in your committee to state, that by
this order the British government declared direct and positive
war against the United States. The dominion of the ocean was
completely usurped by it, all commerce forbidden, and every flag
driven from it, or subjected to capture and condemnation, which
did not subserve the policy of the British government by paying-
it a tribute and sailing under its sanction. From this period the
United States have incurred the heaviest losses and most morti-
fying humiliations. They have borne the calamities of war with-
out retorting them on its authors.

So far your committee has presented to the view of the house
the aggressions which have been committed under the authority
of the British government on the commerce of the United States.
We will now proceed to other wrongs, which have been still more
severely felt. Among these is the impressment of our seamen, a
practice which has been unceasingly maintained by Great Britain
m the wars to which she has been a party since our revolution.
Your committee cannot convey, inadequate terms, the deep sense
which they entertain of the injustice and oppression of this pro-
ceeding. Under the pretext of impressing British seamen, our
fellow-citizens are seized in British ports, on the high seas, and
in every other quarter to which the British power extends, are
taken on board British men of war and compelled to serve there
as British subjects. In this mode our citizens are wantonly
snatched from their country and their families, deprived of their
liberty and doomed to an ignominious and slavish bondage, com-
pelled to fight the battles of a foreign country, and often to perish
in them. Our flag has given them no protection ; it has been
unceasingly violated, and our vessels exposed to danger by the
loss of the men taken from them. Your committee need not re-
mark, that while this practice is continued, it is impossible for
the United States to consider themselves an independent nation.
Every new case is a new proof of their degradation. Its continu-
ance is the more unjustifiable, because the United States have
repeatedly proposed to the British government an arrangement
which would secure to it the controul of its own people. An
exemption of the citizens of the United States from this degrad-
ing oppression, and their flag from violation, is all that they have
sought.

This lawless waste of our trade, and equally unlawful im-
pressment of our seamen, have been much aggravated by the
insults and indignities attending them. Under the pretext of
blockading the harbours of France and her allies, British squad-
rons have been stationed on our own coast, to watch and annoy
our own trade. To give eft'ect to the blockade of European ports,
the ports and harbours of the United States have been blockaded.
In executing these orders of the British government, or in obey-
ing the spirit which was known to animate it, the commanders
of these squadrons have encroached on our jurisdiction, seized

our vessels, ami carried into effect impressments within our
limits, and done other acts of great injustice, violence and op-
tion. The United States have seen, with mingled indigna-
tion and surprise, that these acts, instead of procuring to the
perpetrators the punishment due to unauthorized crimes, have
not (ailed to recommend them to the favour of their government.

Whether the British government has contributed bv active
measures to excite against us the hostility of the savage tribes
on our frontiers, your committee are not disposed to occupy
much time in investigating. Certain indications of general noto-
riety may supply the place of authentic documents ; though
these have not been wanting to establish the fact, in some in-
stances. It is known that symptoms of British hostility towards
the United States have never failed to produce corresponding
symptoms among those tribes. It is also well known, that on all
such occasions, abundant supplies of the ordinary munitions of
war have been afforded by the agents of British commercial
companies, and even from British garrisons, wherewith they
were enabled to commence that system of savage warfare on our
frontiers, which has been at all times indiscriminate in its effect,
on all ages, sexes, and conditions, and so revolting to humanity.

Your committee would be much gratified if they could close
here the detail of British wrongs ; but it is their duty to
recite another act of still greater malignity, than any of those
which have been already brought to your view. The attempt to
dismember our union and overthrow our excellent constitution,
by a secret mis-ion, the object of which was to foment discontents
and excite insurrection against the constituted authorities and
laws of the nation, as lately disclosed by the a»;ent employed in
it, affords full proof that there is no bound to the hostility of the
British government towards the United States — no act, however
unjustifiable, which it would not commit to accomplish their
ruin. This attempt excites the greater horror from the consi-
deration that it was made while the United States and Great
Britain were at peace, and an amicable negotiation was depend-
ing between them, for the accommodation of their differences,
through public ministers regularly authorized for the purpose.

The United States have beheld, with unexampled forbearance,
this continued series of hostile encroachments on their rights
and interests, in the hope, that, yielding to the force of friendly
remonstrances, often repeated, the British government might
adopt a more just policy towards them ; but that hope no longer
exists. They have also weighed impartially the reasons which
have been urged by the British government in vindication of
those encroachments, and found in them neither justification nor
apology.

The British government has alleged, in vindication of the
orders in council, that they were resorted to as a retaliation on
France, for similar aggressions committed by her on our neutral

trade with British dominions. But how has this plea been sup-
ported f The dates of British and French aggressions are well
known to the world. Their origin and progress have been marked
with too wide and destructive a waste of the property of our
fellow-citizens, to have been forgotten. The decree of Berlin
of November 21, 1806, was the first aggression of France in the
present war. Eighteen months had then elapsed after the
attack made by Great Britain on our neutral trade with the
colonies of France and her allies, and six months from the date
of the proclamation of May, 1806. Even on the seventh of
January, 1807, the date of the first British order in council, so
short a term had elapsed, after the Berlin decree, that it was
hardly possible that the intelligence of it should have reached the
United States. A retaliation which is to produce its effect, by
operating on a neutral power, ought not to be resorted to, 'till
the neutral had justified it by a culpable acquiescence in the un-
lawful act ot the other belligerant. It ought to be delayed until
after sufficient time had been allowed to the neutral to remon-
strate against the measures complained of, to receive an answer
and to act on it, which had not been done in the present instance ;
and when the order of November 11, was issued, it is well
known that a minister of France had declared to the minister
plenipotentiary of the United States at Paris, that it was not
intended that the decree of Berlin should apply to the United
States. It is equally well known, that no American vessel had then
been condemned under it, or seizure been made, with which
the British government was acquainted. The facts prove incon-
testibly, that the measures of France, however unjustifiable in
themselves, were nothing more than a pretext for those of Eng-
land. And of the insufficiency of that pretext, ample proof has
already been afforded by the British government itself, and in
the most impressive form. Although it was declared that the
orders in council were retaliatory on France for her decrees, it
was also declared, and in the orders themselves, that owing to
the superiority of the British navy, by which the fleets of France
and her allies were confined within their own ports, the French
decrees were considered only as empty threats.

It is no justification of the wrongs of one power, that the like
were committed by another, nor ought the fact, if true, to have
been urged by either, as it could afford no proof of its love of
justice, of its magnanimity, or even of its courage. It is more
worthy the government of a great nation, to relieve than to assail
the injured. Nor can a repetition of the wrongs by another power
repair the violated rights or wounded honour of the injured party.
An utter inability alone to resist, would justify a quiet surrender
of our rights, and degrading submission to the will of others. To
that condition the United States are not reduced, nor do they fear
it. That they ever consented to discuss with either power the
misconduct of the other, is a proof of their love of peace, of their

moderation, and of the hope which they still indulged, that.
friendly appeals to just and generous sentiments would not be
made to them in vain. But the motive was mistaken, if their
forbearance was imputed, either to the want of a just sensibility
to their wrongs, or a determination, if suitable redress was not
obtained, to resent them. The time has now arrived when this
system of reasoning must cease. It would be insulting to repeat
it. It would be degrading to hear it. The United States must
act as an independent nation, and assert their rights and avenge
their wr&ngs, according to their own estimate of them, with the
party who commits them, holding it responsible for its own
misdeeds, unmitigated by those of another.

For the difference made between Great Britain and France, by
the application of the non-importation act against England only,
the motive has been already too often explained, and is too well
known to require further illustration. In the commercial restric-
tions to which the United States resorted as an evidence of their
sensibility, and a mild retaliation of their wrongs, they invariably
placed both powers on the same footing, holding out to each in
respect to itself, the same accommodation, in case it accepted the
condition offered, and in respect to the other, the same restraint,
if it refused. Had the Britisn government confirmed the arrange-
ment which was entered into with the British minister in 1809,
and France maintained her decrees with France would the
I'nited States have had to resist, with the firmness belonging to
their character, the continued violation of their rights. The
committee do not hesitate to declare that France has greatly in-
jured the United States, and that satisfactory reparation has not
yet been made for many ot those injuries. But that is a concern
which the United States will look to and settle for themselves.
The high character of the American people, is a sufficient pledge
to the world, that they will not fail to settle it, on conditions
which they have a right to claim

More recently the true policy of the British government
towards the United States has been completely unfolded. It
has been publicly declared by those in power that the orders in
council should not be repealed until the French government had
revoked all its internal restraints on the British commerce, and
that the trade of the United States with France and her allies,
should be prohibited until Great Britain was allowed to trade with
them. By this declaration it appears, that to satisfy the preten-
sions of the British government, the United States must join
Great Britain in the war with France, and prosecute the war,
until France should be subdued, for without her subjugation, it
were in vain to presume on such a concession. The hostility of
the British government to these states has been still further dis-
closed. It has been made manifest that the United States are
considered by it as the commercial rival of Great Britain, and that
their prosperity and growth are incompatible, with her welfare;

When all these circumstances are taken into consideration,
it is impossible for your committee to doubt the motives which
have governed the British ministry in all its measures towards
the United States since the year 1805. Equally is it impossible
to doubt, longer, the course which the United States ought to
pursue towards Great Britain.

From this view of the multiplied wrongs of the British govern-
ment since the commencement of the present war, it must be
evident to the impartial world, that the contest which is now
forced on the United States, is radically a contest for their
sovereignty and independence. Your committee will not enlarge
on any of the injuries, however great, which have had a transitory
effect. They wish to call the attention of the house to those of a
permanent nature only, which intrench so deeply on our most im-
portant rights, and wound so extensively and vitally our best in-
terests, as could not fail to deprive the United States of the princi-
pal advantages of their revolution, if submitted to. The controul of
our commerce by Great Britain, in regulating at pleasure and ex-
pelling it almost from the ocean ; the oppressive manner in which
these regulations have been carried into effect, by seizing and con-
fiscating such of our vessels with their cargoes, as were said to
have violated her edicts, often without previous warning of
their danger ; the impressment of our citizens from on board
our own vessels, on the high seas, and elsewhere, and hold-
ing them in bondage until it suited the convenience of their
oppressors to deliver them up, are encroachments of that high
and dangerous tendency which could not fail to produce that
pernicious effect, nor would these be the only consequences that
would result from it. The British government might, for a
while, be satisfied with the ascendency thus gained over us, but
its pretensions would soon increase. The proof, which so com-
plete and disgraceful a submission to its authority would afford
of our degeneracy, could not fail to inspire confidence that there
was no limit to which its usurpations and our degradation might
not be carried.

Your committee believing that the free born sons of America
are worthy to enjoy the liberty which their fathers purchased at
the price of so much blood and treasure, and seeing, in the mea-
sures adopted by Great Britain, a course commenced and persist-
ed in, which must lead to a loss of national character and
independence, feel no hesitation in advising resistance by
force, in which the Americans of the present day, will prove to
the enemy and to the world, that we have not only inherited that
liberty which our fa (hers gave us, but also the will and power
to maintain it. Reiving on the patriotism of the nation, and
confidently trusting that the Lord of Hosts will go with us to
battle in a righteous cause, and crown our efforts with success —
your committee recommend an immediate appeal to arms.

AN ACT,

Declaring War between the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland and the dependencies thereof, and the United States
of America and their territories.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled, That War
be, and the same is hereby declared to exist between the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the dependencies
thereof, and the United States of America and their territories ;
and that the President of the United States be, and he is hereby
authorized to use the whole land and naval force of the United
States to carry the same into eftect, and to issue to private armed
vessels of the United States commissions or letters of maroue
and general reprisal, in such form as he shall think proper, and
under the seal of the United States, against the vessels, goods
and effects of the government of the same United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, and the subjects thereof.
June 18, 1812.

Approved,

JAMES MADISON.

On the passage of the preceding Jict, the vote, in the House of
Representative* was as follows, viz.

IN THE AFFIRMATIVE.

lirq-itua — Burwell Bassett, William
A. Burwell, John Clopton, John
Dawson, Thomas Gholson, Peterson
Goodwyn, Aylctt Hawcs, William
M'Coy, Hugh" Nelson, Thomas New-
ton, James Pleasants, jr. John Roane,
John Smith, John Taliaferro, 14.

North- Carolina — Willis Alston, jr.
William Blackledge, James Cochran,
William It. King1, Nathaniel Macon,
Israel Pickens, 6.

South- Carolina — Win. Butler, John
C. Calhoun, Langdon Cheves, Elias
Earle, William Lowndes, Thomas
Moore, David R. Williams, Richard
Winn, 8.

Georgia— William W. Bibb, Boi-
ling Hall, George M. Troup, 3.

Kentucky — Joseph Desha, Richard
M. Johnson, Samuel M'Kee, Anthony
New, Stephen Ormsby, 5.

Tennessee-Felix Grundy, John Rhea,
John Sevier, 3.

Ohio — Jeremiah Morrow, I.

Yeas, 79.

New-Hampshire — Samuel Dinsmoor,
Obed Hall, John A. Harper, 3.

Massachusetts — Francis Carr, Isaiah
L. Green, William M. Richardson, Eb-
enezer Seaver, Charles Turner, jun.
William Widgery, 6.

Rhode-Island — None.

Connecticut — None.

Vennont — James Fisk, Saml. Shaw,
William Strong, 3.

JVtnu-Yorh — Daniel Avery, Benja-
min Pond, Ebenczer Sage, 3.

JVew-Jersey — Lewis Condict, James
Morgan, 2.

Pennsylvania — William Anderson,
David Bard, Robert Brown, William
Crawford, Roger Davis, William Find-
ley, John M. Ilyneman, Abner La-
cock, Joseph Lefevre, Aaron Lyle,
William Piper, Jonathan Roberts,
Adam Sevbert, John Smilie, George
Smith, Robert Whitchill, 16.

Delaiva re — None .

JYfaryland — Stevenson Archer, Jo-
seph Kent, Peter Little, Alexr. M'Kim,
Saml. Ringgold, Robt. Wright, 6.

IN THE NEGATIVE.

New Hampshire — Josiah Bartlett,
George Sullivan, 2
Massachusetts-Elijah Brigham, Wm.

Ely, Josiah Quincy, Reed, Samuel

Taggart, Peleg Tallman, Laban Whea-
ton, Leonard White, 8.

Rhode Island — Richard Jackson, jr.
Elisha R. Potter, 2.

Connecticut — Epaphroditus Cham-
pion, John Davenport, jr. Lyman Law,
Jonathan O. Moseley, Timothy Pitkin,
Lewis B. Sturges, Benjamin Tall-
madge, 7.

Vermont — Martin Chittenden, 1.

New York — Hermanus Bleeker,
Thomas B. Cooke, James Emot, Asa
Fitch, Thomas R. Gold, Arunah Met-
calf, Samuel L. Mitchell, Thomas Sam-
mons, Silas Stow, Uriah Tracy, Pierre
Van Cortlandt, jr. 11.

New Jersey — Adam Boyd, Jacob
Hufty, George C. Maxwell, Thomas
Newbold, 4.

Pennsylvania — James Milnor, Wil-
liam Rodman, 2.

Delaware — Henry M. Ridgely, 1.
Maryland — Charles Goldsborough,
Philip B. Key, Philip Stuart, 3.

Virginia — John Baker, James Breck-
enridge, Joseph Lewis, jr. John Ran-
dolph, Thomas Wilson, 5.

North Caro/ma-Archibald M'Bride,
Joseph Pearson, Richard Stanford, 3.
South Carolina — None.
Georgia — None.
Kentucky — None.
Tennessee — None .
Ohio — None.

Yeas, .

Nays,

Majority for War,

79
49

IN THE SENATE.

YEAS.

New Hampshire — Charles Cutts,

Massachusetts — Joseph B. Varnum,

Vermont — J onathan Robinson,

New York — John Smith,

New Jersey — John Condit,

Pennsylvania — Andrew Gregg, Mi-
chael Leib>

Maryland — Samuel Smith,

Virginia — Richard Brent, William B.
Giles,

North Carolina — Jesse Franklin,
James Turner,

South Carolina — John Gaillard, John

Taylor,
Georgia — Wm. H. Crawford, Charles
Tait,

Kentucky — George M. Bibb,
Tennessee — Joseph Anderson, George
W. Campbell.

NAYS.

New Hampshire — Nicholas Gilman,

Massachusetts — James Lloyd,

Connecticut — Sand. W. Dana, Chaun-
cey Goodrich,

Rhode Island— Jeremiah B. Howell,
William Hunter,

New York — Obadiah German,

New Jersey — John Lambert,

Delaware — James A. Bayard, Outer-
bridge Horsey,

Maryland — Philip Reed,

Kentucky — John Pope,

Olrio— Thomas Worthington.

Yeas,

Nays,

Majority for War,

DECLARATION OF WAR ANNOUNCED.

BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A PROCLAMATION.

"Whereas die Congress of the United States, by virtue of the
constituted authority vested in them, have decided by their act,
bearing date the eighteenth day of the present month, that war
exists between the I United kingdom of (ii eat Britain and Ireland,
and the dependencies thereof, and the United States of America
and their territories: Now therefore, I, James Madison, Presi-
dent of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the
same to all whom it mav concern ; and 1 do especially enjoin on
all persona holding offices, i ivil or military, under the authority
of the United States, that they be vigilant and zealous in dis-
charging the duties respectively incident thereto; and I do more-
ox er exhort all the good people of the United States, as they love
their countr\ ; is they value the precious heritage derived from
the virtue and valor of their fathers; as they feel the wrongs
which have forced on them the last resort of injured nations;
and as they consult the best means, under the blessings of Divine
Providence, of abridging its calamities ; that they exert them-
selves in preserving order, in promoting concord, in maintaining
the authority and the efficacy of the laws, and in supporting and
invigorating all the measures which may be adopted by the con-
stituted authorities, for obtaining a speedy, a just, and an honour-
able peace.

Ix testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my
hand, and caused the seal of the United States
to be affixed to these presents. Done at the city
of Wai-hin^ton, the nineteenth day of June, one
thousand eight hundred and twelve, and of the
Independence of the United States the thirty-
sixth.

JAMES MADISON.

By the President,

JAMES MONROE,

Secretary of State.

|sE\L.|

OFFICIAL

BLACK ROCK, June 28, 1812.

SIR,

THERE is every reason to believe that the British meditate
an attack on Fort Niagara, and that it may be attempted within
twenty-four hours from this time. If they once pass the river
it is impossible to say how far they may proceed. Under these
very urgent circumstances, I despatch an express to request that
you will immediately march the men under your command to our
assistance. Although you may not have received orders autho-
rizing you to comply with this request, I am persuaded the oc-
casion will justify you, as your men can be of no possible use
at Canandaigua, or any other place along the south shore of
the lake, and are undoubtedly intended, ultimately, for this
place. Bring with you all the arms and ammunition in the
Canandaigua arsenal.

In great haste, yours respectfully,

PETER B. PORTER, q. M. G.

of the State of New -Fork*

Maj. Mullany, commanding at Canandaigua.

[Major General Hall addressed Major Mullany by the same conveyance,
and equally urgent, with an assurance that the people would bear him harm-
less in the event of his being censured by the government for marching for
their protection, &c. &c]

CANANDAJGUA, June 29, 1812,

9 o'clock A. M.

SIR,

I avail myself of the same express which conveyed me the
letter of general Porter and yours of yesterday, to inform you
that I will not hesitate in assuming the responsibility of marching
for the defence and protection of the Niagara frontier under ex-
isting circumstances ; should I be fortunate in preventing or
repelling invasion, and inspiring our frontier settlers with con-
fidence, I shall feel well rewarded.

It is only two months since I arrived in the district, and com-
menced the recruiting service, and with the blessing of Provi-
dence I will march by two o'clock to day, three companies of
infantry and one of artillery, and I trust I will quarter with
them in fort Niagara on the 4th of July. Be pleased to make this
known to general Porter, and inform him that the arms and am-
munition will accompany my command.

Respectfully yours,

JS. ROBT. MULLANY,

Major U. S. Infantry.

To Major Genl. Hall, Batavia.

BY WILLIAM HULL,

Brigadier general and commander in chief of the North-western
army of the United States.

A PROCLAMATION.

Inhabitants of Canada !

After thirty years of peace and prosperity, the United States
have been driven to arms. The injuries and aggressions, the in-
sults and indignities of Great Britain, have once more left them
no alternative but manly resistance or unconditional submission.
The army under my command has invaded your country, and the
gtandard of union now waves over the territory of Canada. To
the peaceable, unoffending inhabitant, it brings neither danger nor
difficulty. I come to find enemies, not to make them ; I come to
protect, not to injure you.

Separated by an immense ocean and an extensive wilderness
from Great Britain, you have no participation in her councils, no
interest in her conduct; you have felt her tyranny, you have seen
her injustice, but I do not ask you to revenge the one, or to redress
the other. The United States are sufficiently powerful to afford
every security consistent with their rights and your expectations.

I tender vou the invaluable blessing of civil, political and religious
liberty, and their necessary result, individual and general prospe-
rity. That liberty which gave decision to our councils and en-
ergy to our conduct, in a struggle for independence, and which
conducted us Bafe and triumphantly through the stormy period
of the revolution, That liberty which has raised us to an elevated
rank among the nations of the world, and which afforded us a
greater measure of peace and security, of wealth and improve-
ment, than ever fell to the lot of any country.

In the name of my country, and by the authority of govern-
ment, I promise you protection to your persons, property and
rights ; remain at your homes, pursue your peaceful and customary
avocations, raise not your hands against your brethren. Many
of your fathers fought for the freedom and independence we now
enjoy. IJeing children, therefore, of the same family with us, and
heirs to the same heritage, the arrival of an army of friends
must be hailed by you with a cordial welcome, You will be eman-
cipated from tyranny and oppression, and restored to the dig-
nified station of freemen. Had I any doubt of eventual success,
I miulit ask your assistance, but I do not. I come prepared for
everv contingency. I have a force which will look down all op-

fosition. And that force is but the van-guard of a much greater,
f, contrary to vour own interest and the just expectation of my
country, you should take part in the approaching contest, you
will be considered and treated as enemies, and the horrors and
calamities of war will stalk before you. If the barbarous and
savage policy of Great Britain be pursued, and the savages be let
loose to murder our citizens, and butcher our women and children,
this war will be a war of extermination. The first stroke of the
tomahawk, the first attempt with the scalping knife, will be the
signal of one indiscriminate scene of desolation No white man
found fighting by the side of an Indian will be taken prisoner;
in-tart destruction will be his lot. If the dictates of reason,
duty, justice and humanity, cannot prevent the employment of a
force which respects no rights, and knows no wrong, it will be
prevented by a severe and relentless system of retaliation. I
doubt not your courage and firmness. I will not doubt your at-
tachment to liberty. The United States offer you peace, liberty
and security — your choice lies between these and war, slavery
and destruction. Choose then, but choose wisely; and may He
who knows the justice of our cause, and who holds in his hands
the fate of nations, guide you to a result the most compatible
with your rights and interests, your peace and happiness.

By the General,

A. P. HULL,

Captain of the loth U. S. reg. of Infantry and Aid de-camp,

HEAD QUARTERS,

Sandwich, July 12, 1812.

33
WILKINSON'S GENERAL ORDER.

HEAD-QT ARTERS, NEW-ORLEANS, July 15, 181C.

Brigadier General Wilkinson resumes his command of the
district of the Mississippi.

The eventful moment in which he enters on the arduous and
eritical duties of his station, will, he trusts, justify the deviation
from ordinary rule, when he appeals to the pride, the spirit, honour,
zeal and patriotism of those who may be placed under his orders.

After a series of long continued aggressions, which the love of
peace only could have induced the American people to tolerate ;
after reiterated wrongs without remedy or relief; after having
drained the cup of conciliation to its very dregs ; the govern-
ment of the United States of America have been driven to the
last appeal of nations in support of its independence, and to
assert those inalienable rights which are derived from God and
nature. The patience and forbearance which have marked the
course of the public councils furnisli the strongest assurance of
the firmness and inflexibility with which that course will be
maintained until its objects are accomplished.

The crisis is imperative, and the call to arms must alike
animate every citizen and every soldier. But we owe still more
to the public service and the common safety of our beloved
country. Let political feuds and personal animosities be buried
at the shrine of patriotism, and let our only contest be for per-
sonal glory and the national weal.

The respect in which the general holds his own humble fame,
presents to his subordinates a safe guarantee for the justice and
impartiality of the commander in the exercise of his functions;
and while he requires from his officers a candid and manly co-
operation for the support of those principles of subordination
and discipline, without which military bodies become worse than
useless, while he demands from them harmony, zeal, discretion,
constancy, valour, as the best security for personal repute and
efficient service. Considerations of delicacy require that he
should draw an impenetrable veil over the scenes which have
ensued during his absence ; and he pledges himself to make even
handed justice the rule of his conduct, rewarding merit accor-
ding to its worth, and awarding punishments with inflexible ri-
gour when the laws may impose them.

SANDWICH, UPPER CANADA, July 17, 1812.

SIR,

In conformity with your instructions, I proceeded with a
detachment of 280 men, to reconnoitre the enemy's advanced
posts. We found them in possession of a bridge over the river

('anas, at the distance of four miles from Maiden. After ex-
amining their position, I left one company of riflemen, to conceal
themselves near the briil and upon our appearance on the
opposite side of the river, '* commence firing, in order to divert
their attention, and to thro. v them into confusion. I then pro-
ceeded with the remainder of the force about five miles, to a
ford over the Canas, and down on the southern bank of the river.
About sun-set we arrived within sight of the enemy. Being
entirely destitute of guides, we marched too near the bank of
the river, and found our progress checked by a creek, which Mas
then impassable. We were then compelled to march up a mile,
in order to effect a passage over the creek. This gave the enemy
time to make their arrangements, and prepare for their defence.
On coming down the creek we found them formed ; they com*
menced a distant fire of musketry. The riflemen of the detach-
ment were formed upon the wings, and the two companies of
infantry in the centre. The men moved on with great spirit
and alacrity. After the first discharge the British retreated —
we continued advancing. Three times they formed, and as
often retreated. We drove them about half a mile, when it be-
came so dark that we were obliged to relinquish the pursuit.
Two privates in the 41st regiment were wounded and taken
prisoners. We learn from deserters, that nine or ten were
wounded, and some killed. We could gain no precise infor-
mation of the number opposed to us. It consisted of a consider-
able detachment from the 41st regiment, some militia, and a
body of Indians. The guard at the bridge consisted of fifty men.
Our riflemen stationed on this side the Canas, discovered the
enemy reinforcing them during the whole afternoon. There is
no doubt but their number considerably exceeded ours. Lieu-
tenant colonel Miller conducted in the most spirited and able
manner. 1 have every reason to be satisfied with the conduct
of the whole detachment.

Very respectfully, sir, I have the honour, &c.

LEWIS CASS,
Col. 3d reg. 0. vol.

His Excellency Brigadier General Hull.

British account of the capture of Fort Michilimackinac.

MACKINAC, 18th July, 1812.

DEAR SIR,

I am happy to have it in my power to announce to you
that Mackinac capitulated to us on the 15th instant, at 11
o'clock, A. M. Captain Roberts at our head, with a part of the
10th B. V. battalion. Mr. Crawford had the command of the

Canadians, which consisted of about 200 men ; Mr. Dickensoa
143 Sioux, Forlavians, and Winebagoes ; and myself about 280
men, Attawas and Chippewas, part of Attawas of L'harb Croche
had not arrived. It was a fortunate circumstance, the fort capi-
tulated without firing a single gun, for had they done so, I firmly
believe not a soul of them would have, been saved.* My son,
Charles Longdale, Augustin Nolin, and MachelloBadotte, jr.have
rendered me great service in keeping the Indians in order, and
in executing, from time to time, such commands as were deliver-
ed by the commanding officer. I never saw so determined a set
of people as the Chippewas and Attawas.

Since the capitulation they have not drank a single drop of
liquor, nor even killed a fowl belonging to any person, (a thing
never known before) for they generally destroy every thing they
meet with.

I am, dear sir, your most obedient servant,

JOHN ASKIN, Jun.
Store keeper's DepL
The hon. col. W. Claus, &c. Fort George.

DETROIT, 4th August, 1812.

SIR,

I take the earliest opportunity to acquaint your excellency
of the surrender of the garrison ot Michilimackinac, under my
command, to his Britannic majesty's forces under the command
of captain Charles Roberts, on the 17th ultimo, the particulars of
which are as follows : — On the 16th, I was informed by the Indian
interpreter, that he had discovered from an Indian that the several
nations of Indians then at St. Joseph, (a British garrison, distant
about forty miles) intended to make an immediate attack on
Michilimackinac. I was inclined, from the coolness I had dis-
covered in some of the principal chiefs of the Ottawa and Chip-
pewa nations, who had but a few days before professed the greatest
friendship for the United States, to place confidence in this re-
port. I immediately called a meeting of the American gentlemen
at that time on the island, in which it was thought proper to des-
patch a confidential person to St. Joseph to watch the motions of
the Indians. Captain Daurman, of the militia, was thought the
most suitable for this service. He embarked about sun -set, and
met the British forces within ten or fifteen miles of the island, by
whom he was made prisoner and put on his parole of honor. He
was landed on the island at day-break, with positive directions
to give me no intelligence whatever. He was also instructed to
take the inhabitants of the village indiscriminately to a place on
the west side of the island, where their persons and property

* British magnanimity.

.35

should be protected by a British guard ; but should they go to the
fort, they would be subject to a general massacre by the savages,
which would be inevitable it" the garrison fired a gun. This in-
formation I received from doctor Day, who was passing through
the village when every person was Hying for refuge to the enemy.
Immediately on being informed of the approach of the enemy, I
placed ammunition, &c. in the block-houses; ordered every gun
charged, and made every preparation for action. About 9 o'clock
I could discover that the enemy were in possession of the heights
that commanded the fort, and one piece of their artillery directed
to the most defenceless part of the garrison. The Indians at this
time were to be seen in great numbers in the edge of the woods.
At haLf past 11 o'clock, the enemy sent in a flag of truce, de-
manding a surrender of the fort and island to his Britannic ma-
jesty's forces. This, sir, was the first information I had of the
declaration of war ; I, however, had anticipated it, and was as
well prepared to meet such an event as I possibly could have
been with the force under my command, amounting to 57 effective
men, including officers. Three American gentlemen, who were
prisoners, were permitted to accompany the flag: from them I
ascertained the strength of the enemy to be from nine hundred
to one thousand strong, consisting of regular troops, Canadians
and savages ; that they had two pieces of artillery, and were
provided with ladders and ropes for the purpose of scaling the
works if necessary. After 1 hail obtained this information, I
consulted my officers and also the American gentlemen present,
who were very intelligent men ; the result of which was, that it
was impossible for the garrison to hold out against such a superior
force. In this opinion 1 fully concurred, from the conviction that
it was the only measure that could prevent a general massacre.
The fort and garrison were accordingly surrendered.

The enclosed papers exhibit copies of the correspondence be-
tween the officer commanding the British forces and myself, and
of the articles of capitulation. This subject involved questions
of a peculiar nature ; and I hope, sir, that my demands and pro-
tests will meet the approbation of my government. I cannot
allow this opportunity to escape without expressing my obligation
to doctor Day for the service he rendered me in conducting this
correspondence.

In consequence of this unfortunate affair, I beg leave, sir, to

demand that a court of inquiry may be ordered to investigate all

the facts connected with it ; and I do further request, that the

court may be specially directed to express their opinion on the

merits of the case.

I have the honour to be, sir, &c

P. HANKS,

Lieutenant of ArtilUry.

His Excellency Gen. Hull,

Commanding the N. W. Ansy.

P. S. The following particulars relating to the British force
Were obtained after the capitulation, from a source that admits

of no doubt.

Regular troops, 46 (including 4 officers.)

Canadian Militia, 260

Total, 306

SAVAGES— Sioux, 56

"Winnebagoes, 48

Tallesawains, 39
Chippewas and

Ottawas, 572

715 Savages,
306 'Whites.

1021

It may also be remarked, that one hundred and fifty Chippewas
and Ottawas joined the British two days after the capitulation.

P. H.

SANDWICH, August 7, 1812.

SIR,

On the 4th instant major Van Horn, of colonel Findlay's re-
giment of Ohio volunteers, was detached from this army, with the
command of 200 men, principally riflemen, to proceed to the
river Raisin, and further, if necessary, to meet and reinforce
captain Brush, of the state of Ohio, commanding a company of
volunteers, and escorting provisions for this army. At Browns-
town, a large body of Indians had formed an ambuscade, and the
major's detachment received a heavy fire, at the distance of fifty-
yards from the enemy. The whole detachment retreated in dis-
order. Major Van Horn made every exertion to form, and pre-
vent the retreat, that was possible for a brave and gallant officer,
but without success. By the return of killed and wounded, it
will be perceived that the loss of officers was uncommonly great.
Their efforts to rally their companions was the occasion of it.
1 am, very respectfully,

Your most obedient servant,

WM. HULL.

Hon. Wm. Eustis, Secretary of War.

Killed, 7 officers — 10 privates: — number of wounded unknown.

DETROIT, August 13, 1812.

SIR,

The main body of the army having re-crossed the river to De-
troit, on the night and morning of the 8th instant, 600 men were
immediately detached under the command of lieutenant colonel
Miller, to open the communication to the river Raisin, and

protect the provisions under the escort of captain Brush. Tina
detachment consisted of the 4th United States' regiment, and
two small detachments under the command of lieutenant Stans-
bury, and ensign M'Labe of the 1st regiment, detachments
from the Ohio and Michigan volunteers, a corps of artillerists,
with one six pounder and an howitzer under the command of
lieutenant Eastman, and a part of captains Smith and Sloan's
cavalry, commanded by captain Sloan of the Ohio volunteers.

Lieutenant colonel Miller inarched from Detroit on the after-
noon of the 8th instant, and on the 9th, about 4 o'clock, P. M. the
van guard, commanded by captain Snelling of the 4th United
States' regiment, was fired on by an extensive line of British
troops and Indians at the lower part of the Magaugo, about 14
miles from Detroit. At this time the main body was marchin°- in
two columns, and captain Snelling maintained his position in a
most gallant manner, under a very heavy fire, until the line was
formed and advanced to the ground he occupied, when the
whole, excepting the rear guard, was brought into action.

The enemy were formed behind a temporary breast-work of
logs, the Indians extending in a thick wood on their left. Lieu-
tenant colonel Miller ordered his whole line to advance, and when
within a small distance of the enemy made a general discharge,
and proceeded with charged bayonets, when the British line and
Indians commenced a retreat. They were pursued in a most vi-
gorous manner about two miles, and the pursuit discontinued onlj
on account of the fatigue of the troops, the approach of evening,
and the necessity of returning to take care of the wounded. The
judicious arrangements made by lieutenant colonel Miller, and the
gallant manner in which they were executed, justly entitle him to
the highest honour. From the moment the line commenced the
fire, it continually moved on, and the enemy maintained their posi-
tion until forced at the point of the bayonet. The Indians on the
left, under the command of Tecumseh, fought with great obstinacy,
but were continually forced and compelled to retreat. The vic-
tory was complete in every part of the line, and the success
would have been more brilliant had the cavalry charged the ene-
my on the retreat, when a most favorable opportunity presented.
Although orders were given for the purpose, unfortunately they
were not executed. Majors Van Horn and Morrison, of the
Ohio volunteers, were associated with lieutenant colonel Miller,
as field officers in this command, and were highly distinguished
by their exertions in forming the line, and the firm and intrepid
manner they led their respective commands to action.

Captain Baker of the 1st United States' regiment, captain
Brevoort of the 2d, and captain Hull of the 13th, my aid-de-
camp, and lieutenant Whistler of the 1st, requested permission
to join the detachment as volunteers. Lieutenant colonel Miller
assigned to captain Baker and lieutenant Whistler, separate
commands; and captains Brevoort and Hull, at his request

attended his person and aided him in the general arrangements.
Lieutenant colonel Miller has mentioned the conduct of those
officers in terms of high approbation. In addition to the captains
who have been named, lieutenant colonel Miller has mentioned
captains Burton and Fuller of the 4th regiment, captains Saun-
ders and Brown of the Ohio volunteers, and captain Delandre
of the Michigan volunteers, who were attached to his command,
and distinguished by their valour. It is impossible for me, in
this communication, to do justice to the officers and soldiers,
who gained the victory which I have described. They have
acquired high honour to themselves, and are justly entitled to
the gratitude of their country.

Major Muir of the 41st regiment, commanded the British in
this action. The regulars and volunteers consisted of about 400,
and a large number of Indians. Major Muir and two subalterns
were wounded, one of them since dead. About forty Indians
were found dead on the field, and Tecumseh, their leader, was
slightly wounded. The number of wounded Indians who escaped
has not been ascertained. Four of major Muir's detachment
have been made prisoners, and fifteen of the 41st regiment killed
and wounded. The militia and volunteers attached to his com-
mand, were in the severest part of the action, and their loss must
have been great — it has not yet been ascertained.

I have the honour to be, yours, &c.
WM. HULL,
Brig. Gen. commanding J\T. W. Army.
Hon. Wm. Eustis, Secretary of War.

Killed and wounded in the action near Maguago, Aug. 9, 1812.

4th U.S. regiment — 10 non-commissioned officers and privates
killed, and 45 wounded.

Ohio and Michigan volunteers — 8 killed and 12 wounded.

■♦■

GENERAL HULL'S CAPITULATION.

DETROIT, August 12, 1812.

DEAR SIR,

I have several times written to you since I heard you were on
your march, but I find that my letters have never reached you.
Two detachments have been sent to meet you, but both returned
with loss. We have abandoned Canada, and the British force is
now opposite this place pointing their artillery ; the firing will
commence shortly. I fear you will not be able to see us. If
possible take care of yourself and party. The enemy may not
nave force to see you and attend to us.

The bearer will, or can give you a hint of our situation. Adieu*
I have not time to write.

Respectfully yours,

DUNCAN M'ARTHUR.
Captain H. Bntsh.

DETROIT, 14th August, 1812.
SIR,

The state of the communication between this and the river
Raisin, is such that a sufficient detachment cannot be sent at
■resent to bring on the provisions with safety. You will there-
fore remain at the river Raisin, and in conjunction with Le
Croix's corps and your own, protect the provisions and yourselves
until further orders'. The detachment sent for the purpose of
opening the communication are so fatigued after a severe and
victorious battle that it will return here.

1 am, respectfully,

W. HULL, Gen. Commanding.
Captain Brush, or the commanding

officer at the river Raisin.

P. S. If consulting with colonel Anderson and captain Jobart,
the bearer of this, and from all the information you can obtain,
it should be the opinion, you can come an upper road crossing
the river Huron, at Godfrey's trading establishment, you are
authorised to proceed that route, in which case you will give me
an immediate notice. No person must know this excepting
colonel Anderson, captain Jobart, and yourself. Take captain
Jobart for a guide, and if he recommends other guides, with him,
they shall be paid. Captain Le Croix, with his company, will
proceed on with you.

Itespectfullv,

W. HULL,

Captain Brush.

RIVER RUSH, August 16th, 1812.

SIR,

By the within letter you will see that the army under general
Hull has been surrendered. By the articles you will see that
provision has been made for the detachment under your com-
mand ; you will, therefore, I hope, return to Ohio with us.

DUNCAN M'ARTHUR.

Captain Henry Brush.

HEAD QUARTERS, AT DETROIT, August 16th, 1812.
SIR,

I have signed articles of capitulation for the surrender of this
garrison in which you and your detachment are prisoners of war.
Such part of the Ohio militia as have not joined the army, will
be permitted to return to their homes, on condition that they will
not serve during the war. Their arms, however, will be delivered
up if belonging to the public.

I am, very respectfully, &c.

W. HULL, Brig. Gen.
Commanding tlie N. IV. army.
Colonel Duncan M'Arthur.

40
HEAD QUARTERS, DETROIT, August 16, 1812.

GENERAL ORDERS.

It is with pain and anxiety that brigadier-general Hull an-
nounces to the North-western army, that he has been compelled,
from a sense of duty, to agree to the following articles of capi-
tulation :

CAMP AT DETROIT, 16th August, 1812.

Capitulation for the surrender of Fort Detroit, entered into
betwen major general Brock, commanding his Britannic majes-
ty's forces, on the one part, and brigadier-general Hull, com-
manding the North-western army of the United States, on the
other part —

Art. 1. Fort Detroit, with all the troops, regulars as well as
militia, will be immediately surrendered to the British forces,
under the command of major general Brock, and will be con-
sidered as prisoners of war ; with the exception of such of the
militia of the Michigan territory who have not joined the army.

£. All public stores, arms and all public documents, including
every thing else of a public nature, will be immediately given up.

3. Private persons and property of every description will be
respected.

4. His excellency brigadier-general Hull having expressed a
desire that a detachment from the state of Ohio, on its way to
join his army, as well as one sent from Detroit, under the com-
mand of colonel M'Arthur, shall be included in the above capi-
tulation, it is accordingly agreed to ; it is however to be under-
stood that such part oi the Ohio militia as have not joined the
army, will be permitted to return to their homes, on condition
that they will not serve during the war. Their arms, however,
will be delivered up, if belonging to the public.

4. The garrison will march out at the hour of twelve o'clock
this day, and the British forces will take immediate possession of
the fort.

J. MAC DONALD, Lieut. Col.

MilWa, P. Jl. D. C.

J. B. GLEGG, Major, Ji. I). C.

JAMES MILLER, Lieut. Col.

5 th U. S. Infantry.

E. BRUSH, Col. 1st regt.

Michigan militia.
Approved,

\VM. HULL,

Brigadier -general commanding the «7V*. W. Army.
Approved,

ISAAC BROCK,

Major General.

The army, at 12 o'clock this day, will march out of the east
gate, where they will stack their arms, and then be subject to the
articles of capitulation.

WM. HULL,
Brigadier general commanding the JV*. TV. Army.

HEAD QUARTERS, SANDWICH, August 15, 1812.
SIR,

The force at my disposal authorizes me to require of you
the immediate surrender of fort Detroit. It is far from my in-
clination to join in a war of extermination, but you must be aware,
that the numerous body of Indians who have attached themselves
to my troops, will be beyond my controul the moment the contest
commences. You will find me disposed to enter into such condi-
tions as will satisfy the most scrupulous sense of honour. Lieute-
nant colonel Macdonald and major Glegg are fully authorized
to conclude any arr&ngemeirt that may lead to prevent the unne-
cessary effusion of blood.

I have the honor to be, sir,

Your most obedient servant,

ISAAC BROCK,

Major General*
His Excellency brigadier general Hull,

commanding at Fort Detroit.

HEAD QUARTERS, DETROIT, August 15, 1812,
SIR,

I have received your letter of this date. I have no other reply
to make, than to inform you, that 1 am prepared to meet any force,
which may be at your disposal, and any consequences which may
result from any exertion of it you may think proper to make.

I avail myself of this opportunity to inform you that the flag
of truce under the direction of captain Brown, proceeded con-
trary to the orders, and without the knowledge of colonel Cass
who commanded the troops which attacked your picket, near the
river Canardbridge.

I likewise take this occasion to inform you that Cowie's house
was set on fire contrary to my orders, and it did not take place
until after the evacuation of the fort. From the best informa-
tion I have been able to obtain on the subject, it was set on fire
by some of the inhabitants on the other side of the river.

I am, very respectfully,

Your excellency's most obedient servant,
W. HULL,
Brig. Gen. Commanding the «/V. TV. Army U. &

His excellency major general Brock,

commanding his Britannic majesty's
forces, Sandwich, Upper Canada.
6

4,2

An article supplemental to the articles of capitulation, concluded
at Detroit, 16th August, 1812.

It is agreed that the officers and soldiers of the Ohio militia
and volunteers shall be permitted to proceed to their respective
homes on this condition, that they are not to serve during the pre-
sent war, unless they are exchanged.

W. HULL,
Brig. Gen. Commanding J\T. W. army U. S.

ISAAC BROCK,

Major General.

A» article in addition to the supplemental article of the capitu-
lation, concluded at Detroit, 16th August, 1812.

It is further agreed that the officers and soldiers of the Michi-
gan militia and volunteers, under the command of major
Wetherell, shall be placed on the same principles as the Ohio
volunteers and militia are placed by the supplemental article of
the 16th instant.

W. HULL,
Brig. Gen. Commanding J\T. W. army U. S.

ISAAC BROCK,

Major General.

Return of ordnance taken in the fort and batteries at Detroit,

August iQth, 1812.

Iron pieces of ordnance, 25

Brass do. 8

Total, 33

FELIX TROUGHTON,

Lieutenant commanding Roy. Arfy.

Major general Brock, commanding'

the forces of Upper Canada.

GENERAL ORDER OF GENERAL BROCK

HEAD QUARTERS, DETROIT, August 16th, 1812.

Major general Brock has every reason to be satisfied with
the conduct of the troops he had the honour to lead this morning;
against the en«my. The state of discipline which they so emi •
nently displaced, and the determination they evinced, to under-

take (he most hazardous enterprise, decided the enemy, infinitely
more numerous in men and artillery, to propose a capitulation,
the terms of which are herewith inserted for the information of
the troops.

The major general requests colonel Proctor will accept his
thanks for the assistance he derived from his experience and in-
telligence.

The Readiness and discipline of the 41st regiment and the
read in >ss of the militia to follow so good an example, were high-
ly conspicuous.

Tin.- ability manifested by captain Dixon of the royal engi-
neers in the choice and construction of the batteries, and the
hi^h state of the royal artillery under lieutenant Troughton, af-
forded the major general much gratification, and reflects great
credit on those officers.

The willing assistance given by captain Hall and the marine
department during the whole course of the service has been very
conspicuous, and the manner the batteries were served this morn-
ing evinced a degree of steadiness highly commendable.

Lieutenant Dewar, deputy assistant quarter master general,
afforded strong proof of the local knowledge he has acquired of the
country, of an unremitting attention to his duty; and the care
and regularity with which the troops were transported across the
river, must in a like degree be ascribed to his zeal for the service.

To lieutenant colonel St. George, majors Tallon and Chambers,
who commanded brigades, every degree of praise is due for their
unremitting zeal and attention to their respective commands.
The detachment of the royal Newfoundland regiment, under the
command of major Moekler, is deserving every praise for their
steadiness in the field, as well as when embarked in the king's
vessels.

The major general cannot forego this opportunity of express-
ing his admiration at the conduct of the several companies of
militia who so handsomely volunteered to undergo the fatigues of
a journey of several hundred miles to go to the rescue of an inva-
ded district ; and he requests major Salmon, captains Hatt, Stew-
ard, Boswick and Robinson, will assure the officers and men under
their respective commands, that their services have been duly
appreciated and will never be forgotten.

The major general is happy to acknowledge the able assistance
he has derived from the zeal and local information of lieutenant
colonel Nicholl, acting quarter master general of militia.

To his personal staff the major general feels himself under much
obligation ; and he requests lieutenant colonel Macdonald, majors
Glegg and Givens, will be assured that their zealous exertions
have made too deep an impression on his mind ever to be forgot-
ten.

The conduct of the Indians under colonel Elliot, captain M'
Kee, and the others of that department, joined to that of the

gallant and brave chiefs of their respective tribes, has since the
commencement of the war been marked with acts of true heroism,
and in nothing can they testify more strongly their love to the
kin°", their great father, than in following the dictates of honour
and humanity, by which they have been hitherto actuated. Two
fortifications have already been captured from the enemy with-
out a drop of blood being shed by the hand of the Indian ; the
nstant the enemy submitted, his lite became sacred.

By order of jSjajor General Brock.

J. B. GLEL.G, capt. A. D. C.

CAPTURE OF THE ALERT.

AT SEA, August 17, 1812.

SIR,

I have the honour to inform you that upon the 13th, his Bri-
tannic majesty's sloop of war Alert, Captain T. L. P. Langhorne,
ran down on our weather quarter, gave three cheers and com-
menced an action (if so trifling a skirmish deserves the name,)
and after eight minutes firing struck her colours with seven feet
water in her hold, much cut to pieces, and three men wounded.

I need not inform you that the officers and crew of the Essex
behaved as I trust all Americans will in such cases, and it is only
to be regretted that so much zeal and activity could not have
been displayed on an occasion that would have done them more
hoaour. The Kssex has not received the slightest injury. The
Alert was out for the purpose of taking the Hornet.

1 have the honour, &c.

D. PORTER.
Hon. Paul Hamilton.

FORT GEORGE, August 26, 1812.

SIR,

Enclosed are the articles of capitulation, by which the Fort
of Detroit has been surrendered to major general Brock, com-
manding his Britannic majesty's forces in Upper Canada, and
by which the troops have become prisoners of war. My situation
at present forbids me from detailing the particular causes which
have led to this unfortunate event. I will, however, generally
observe, that after the surrender of Michilimakinac, almost every
tribe and nation of Indians, excepting a part of the Miamies
and Delawares, north from beyond Lake Superior, west from
beyond the Mississippi, south from the Ohio and Wabash, and
east from every part of Upper Canada, and from all the inter-
mediate country, joined in open hostility, under the British

standard, against the army I commanded, contrary to the most
solemn assurances of a large portion of them to remain neutral:
even the ()rt;t\\;i chiefs from Arbecrotch, who formed the delega-
tion to Washington the last summer, in whose friendship I know
you had great i -onfidence, are among the hostile tribes, and seve-
ral of them distinguished leaders. Among the vast number of
chiefs who led the hostile bands, Tecumseh, Marpot, Logan,
Walk-in-the-water, Split Log, 8oc. are considered the principals.
This numerous assemblage of savages, under the entire influence
and direction of the British commander, enabled him totally to
obstruct the onlv communication which 1 had with my country.
This communication had been opened from the settlements in
the state of Ohio, two hundred miles through a wilderness, by
the fatigues of the army, which I inarched to the frontier on the
river Detroit. The body of the lake being commanded by the
British armed ships, and the shores and rivers by gun boats, the
army was totally deprived of all communication by water. On
tli i ^ extensive road it depended for transportation of provisions,
military stores, medicine, clothing, and every other supply, on

pack hoist all its operations were successful until its arrival

at Detroit, and in a few days it passed into the enemy's country,
and all opposition Seemec U) drop before it. One month it re-
mained in possession of this country, and was fed from its re-
sources. In different directions, detachments penetrated sixty
miles in the settled part of the province, and the inhabitants
seemed satisfied with the change 01 situation, which appeared to
be taking place ; the militia from Amherstburg were daily de-
serting, and the whole country, then under the controul of the
army, was asking for protection. The Indians, generally, in the
first instance, appeared to be neutralized, and determined to
take no part in the contest. The fort of Amherstburg was eigh-
teen miles below my encampment. Not a single cannon or mor-
tar was on wheels suitable to carry before this place. I consult-
ed my ollicers, whether it was expedient to make an attempt on
it with the bayonet alone, without cannon, to make a break in
the first instance. The council I called was of the opinion it
was not. The greatest industry was exerted in making prepara-
tion, and it was not until the 7th of August, that two 24 poun-
ders, and three howitzers were prepared. It was then my inten-
tion to have proceeded on the enterprise. While the operations of
the army were delayed by these preparations, the clouds of
adversity had been for some time and seemed still thickly to be
gathering around me. The surrender of Michilimackinac open-
ed the northern hive of Indians, and they were swarming down in
every direction. Reinforcements from Niagara had arrived at
Amherstburg under the command of colonel Proctor. The de-
sertion of the militia ceased. Besides the reinforcements that
came by water, I received information of a very considerable
force under the command of major Chambers, on the river Le

French, with four field pieces, and collecting the militia on his
route, evidently destined for Amherstburg ; and in addition to
this combination, and increase of force, contrary to all my ex-
pectations, the Wyandots, Chippewas, Ottawas, Pottawatamies,
Munsees, Delawares, &c. with whom I had the most friendly
intercourse, at once passed over to Amherstburg, and accepted
the tomahawk and scalping knife. There being now a vast
number of Indians at the British post, they were sent to the river
Huron, Brownstown, and Maguago to intercept my communica-
tion. To open this communication, I detached major Van Horn
of the Ohio volunteers, with two hundred men, to proceed as far
as the river Raisin, under an expectation he would meet captain
Brush with one hundred and fifty men, volunteers from the state
of Ohio, and a quantity of provision for the army. An ambuscade
was formed at Brownstown, and major Van Horn's detachment
defeated and returned to camp without effecting the object of
the expedition.

In my letter of the 7th instant you have the particulars of that
transaction, with a return of the killed and Mounded. Under
this sudden and unexpected change of things, and having received
an express from general Hall, commanding opposite the British
shore on the Niagara river, by which it appeared that there was
no prospect of a co-operation from that quarter, and the two se-
nior officers of the artillery having stated to me an opinion that
it would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to pass the
Turkey river and river Aux Cannard, with the 24 pounders, and
that they could not be transported by water, as the Queen Char-
lotte, which carried eighteen 24 pounders, lay in the river Detroit
above the mouth of the river Aux Cannard ; and as it appeared
indispensibly necessary to open the communication to the river
Raisin and the Miami, I found myself compelled to suspend the
operation against Amherstburg, and concentrate the main force
of the army at Detroit. Fully intending at that time, after the
communication was opened, to re-cross the river, and pursue the
object at Amherstburg, and strongly desirous of continuing pro-
tection to a very large number of the inhabitants of Upper Cana-
da, who had voluntarily accepted it under my proclamation, I
established a fortress on the banks of the river, a little below
Detroit, calculated for a garrison of 300 men. On the evening of
the 7th, and morning of the 8th instant, the army, excepting the
garrison of 250 infantry, and a corps of artillerists, all under the
command of major Denny of the Ohio volunteers, re-crossed the
river, and encamped at Detroit. In pursuance of the object of
opening the communication, on which I considered the existence
of the army depending, a detachment of GOO men, under the
command of lieutenant colonel Miller, was immediately ordered.
For a particular account of the proceedings of this detachment,
and the memorable battle which was fought at Maguago, which
reflects the highest honour on the American arms, I refer you to

my letter of the IStfa of August instant, a duplicate of which is
enclosed, marked G. Nothing however but honour was acquired
bi this victor) ; and it is a painful consideration, that the blood
of Beventy-five gallant men could only open the communication,
u tar as the points of their bayonets extended. The necessary
gare of the u< k and wounded, and a very severe storm of rain,
rendered their return to camp indispensibly necessary for their
own comfort. Captain Brusn, with his small detachment, and
the provisions being still at the river Raisin, and in a situation to
be destroyed by the savages, on the 13th instant in the evening,
I permitted colonels M'Arthur and Cass to select from their
regiment lour hundred of their most effective men, and proceed
an upper route through the woods, which I had sent an express
to captain Brush to take, and had directed the militia of the river
Rai>in to accompany him as a reinforcement. The force of the
enemy continually increasing, and the necessity of opening the
communication, and acting on the defensive, becoming more ap-
parent, I had, previous to detaching colonels M'Arthur and Cass
on the 1 1th instant, evacuated and destroyed the fort on the op-
posite bank. On the loth, in tin evening, general .Brock arrived
at Amherstburg about the hour that colonel-. M'Arthur and Cass
marched, of which at that time 1 had received no information.
On the loth 1 received a summons from him to surrender fort
Detroit, of which the paper marked A is a copy. My answer
is marked 1$. At this time I had received no information from
colonels M'Arthur and Cass. An express was immediately
sent, stronglv escorted, with orders for them to return. On the
13th, as soon a- general Brock received my letter, his batteries
opened on the town and fort, and continued until evening. In the
evening all the British ships of war came nearly as far up the
river as Sandwich, three miles below Detroit. At dav light on
the l6th (at which time 1 had received no information from colo-
nels M'Arthur and Cass, my expresses, sent the evening before,
and in the night having been prevented from passing by numerous
bodies of Indians) the cannonade re-commenced, and in a short
time I received information, that the British army and Indians,
were landing below the Spring Wells, under the cover of their
ships of war. At this time the whole effective force at my dis-
posal at Detroit did not exceed eight hundred men. Being new
troops, and unaccustomed to a camp life ; having performed a la-
borious inarch ; having been engaged in a number of battles and
skirmishes, in which many had fallen, ami more had received
wounds, in addition to which a large number being sick, and un-
provided with medicine, and the comforts necessary for their sit-
uation ; are the general causes by which the strength of the
army was thus reduced. The fort at this time was filled with
women, children, and the old and decrepid people of the town
and country ; they were unsafe in the town, as it was entirely
Open and exposed to the enemy's batteries. Back of the tort.

above or below it, there was no safety for them on account of the
Indians. In the first instance the enemy's fire was principally
directed against our batteries ; towards the close, it was directed
against the fort alone, and almost every shot and shell had their
effect.

It now became necessary either to fight the enemy in the field ;
collect the whole force in the fort ; or propose terms of capitula-
tion. 1 could not have carried into the field more than six hun-
dred men, and left any adequate force in the fort. There were
landed at that time of the enemy a regular force of much more
than that number, and twice the number of Indians. Consider-
ing this great inequality of force I did not think it expedient to
adopt the first measure. The second must have been attended
with a great sacrifice of blood, and no possible advantage, be-
cause the contest could not have been sustained more than aday
for the want of powder, and but a very few days for the want of
provisions. In addition to this, colonels M' Arthur and Cass would
have been in a most hazardous situation. I feared nothing but
the last alternative. I have dared to adopt it. I well know the high
responsibility of the measure, and take the whole of it on my-
self. It was dictated by a sense of duty, and a full conviction of
its expediency. The bands of savages which had then joined the
British force were numerous beyond any former example. Their
numbers have since increased, and the history of the barbarians
of the north of Europe does not furnish examples of more gree-
dy violence than these savages have exhibited. A large portion
of the brave and gallant officers and men I commanded would
cheerfully have contested until the last cartridge had been ex-
pended, and the bayonets worn to the sockets. I could not con-
sent to the useless sacrifice of such brave men, when I knew it
was impossible for me to sustain my situation. It was impossi-
ble in the nature of things that an army could have been fur-
nished with the necessary supplies of provision, military stores,
clothing and comforts for the sick, or pack horses, through a
wilderness of two hundred miles, filled with hostile savages.
It was impossible, sir, that this little army, worn down by fa-
tigue, by sickness, by wounds, and deaths, could have supported
itself not only against the collected force of all the northern
nations of Indians ; but against the united strength of Upper
Canada, whose population consists of more than twenty times
the number contained in the territory of Michigan, aided by the
principal part of the regular forces of the province, and the
wealth and influence of the north-west and other trading estab-
lishments among the Indians, which have in their employment,
and under their entire controul, more than two thousand white
men. Before I close this despatch, it is a duty I owe to my
respectable associates in command, colonels M' Arthur, Findlay,
Cass, and lieutenant colonel Miller, to express my obligations to
them for the prompt and judicious manner they have performed

their respective duties. If aught has taken place during the
campaign, which is honourable to the army, these officers are
entitled to a large share of it. If the last act should be disap-
proved, no part of the censure belongs to them. I have likewise
to express my obligation to general Taylor, who has performed
the duty of quarter master general, for his great exertions in
procuring every thing in his department which it was possible to
furnish For the convenience of the army; likewise to brigade
major Jessup for the correct and punctual manner in which he
has discharged his duty; and to the army generally for their
exertions, and the zeal they have manifested for the public in-
terest. The death of Dr. Foster soon after he arrived at Detroit,
was a severe misfortune to the army; it was increased by the
capture of the Chachago packet, by which the medicine and hos-
pital stores were lost. He was commencing the best arrange-
ments in the department of which he was the principal', with the
very small means he possessed. 1 was likewise deprived of the
necessary services of captain Partridge by sickness, the only
officer of the corps of engineers attached to the army. All the
officers and men have gone to their respective homes, excepting
the 4th United States' regiment, and a small part of the 1st,
and captain Dyson's company of artillery. Captain Dyson's
company was left at Amherstburg, and the others are with me
prisoners — they amount to about three hundred and forty. I have
only to solicit an investigation of my conduct, as early as my
situation and the state ol tilings will admit ; and to add the
further request, that the government will not be unmindful of my
associates in captivity, and of the families of those brave men
who have fallen in the contest.

I have the honour to be, very respectfully,

Your moslt obedient servant,

WM. HULL,

Brig. Gen. commanding the JV. JV. Army U. 8.

Hon. W. Eustis, Secretary of

the Department of War.

UNITED STATES* FRIGATE CONSTITUTION,

off" Boston Light, August 30, 1812.

*SIR,

I have the honour to inform you, that on the 19th instant,
at 2 P. M. being in latitude 41, 42, longitude 55, 48, with the
the Constitution under my command, a sail was discovered from
the mast-head bearing E. by S. or E. S. E. but at such a distance
we could not tell what she was. All sail was instantly made in
chase, and soon found we came up with ner. At 3 P. M. coul«i
* 7

plainly see that, she was a ship on the starboard tack, under easy
Bail, close on a wind; at half past 3 P. M. made her out to be a
frigate ; continued the chase until we were within about three
miles, when I ordered the light sails taken in, the courses hauled
up, and the ship cleared for action. At this time the chase had
backed his main top-sail, waiting for us to come down. As soon
as the Constitution was ready for action, I bore down with an
intention to bring him to close action immediately; but on our
coming within gun-shot she gave us a broadside and filled away,
and wore, giving us a broadside on the other tack, but without ef-
fect; her shot filling short. She continued wearing and man-
oeuvring for about three quarters of an hour, to get a raking
position, but finding she could not, she bore up, and run under
top-sails and gib, with the wind on the quarter. Immediately
made sail to bring the ship up with her, and 5 minutes before 6
P. M. being along side within half pistol shot, we commenced a
heavy tire from all our guns, double shotted with round and grape,
and so well directed were they, and so warmly kept up, that in
15 minutes his mizen-mast went by the board, and his main -yard
in the slings, and the hull, rigging and sails very much torn to
pieces. The fire was kept up with equal warmth for 15 minutes
longer, when his main-mast and fore -mast went, taking with them
every spar, excepting the bowsprit ; on seeing this we ceased
firing, so that in 30 minutes after we got fairly along side the
enemy she surrendered, and had not a spar standing, and her hull
below and above water so shattered, that a few more broadsides
must have a rried her down.

After informing you that so fine a ship as the Guerriere, com-
manded by i.,i able and experienced officer, had been totally dis-
masted, and otherwise cut to pieces, so as* to make her not worth
towing into port, in the short space of 30 minutes, you can have
no doubt of the gallantry and good conduct of the officers and
ship's company I have the honour to command. It only remains,
therefore, for mc to assure you, that they all fought with great
bravery; and it gives me great pleasure to say, that from the
smallest boy in the ship to the oldest seaman, not a look of fear
was seen. They a'l went into action, giving three cheers, and
requesting to be laid close along side the enemy.

Enclosed 1 have the honour to send you a list of killed and
wounded on board the Constitution, and a report of the damages
she has sustained ; also, a list of the killed and wounded on board
the enemy, with his quarter bill, &c.

I have the honour to be,

With very great respect,

Sir, your obedient servant,

ISAAC HULL.

The Hon. Paul Hamilton, &c.

Killed and wounded on board the United States* frigate Consti-
tution, Isaac Hull, Esqr. Captain, in the action icitli his Bri-
tannic majesty's frigate Guerriere, James Ji. Dacres, Esqr.
Captain, on the 26th of August, 1812.

Kill' -il — W. S. Bush, lieutenant of Marines, and six seamen, 7

Wounded — lieutenant C. Morris, Master J. C. A\ hvin, four seamen, one

murine, 7

Total killed and wounded, 14

U. S. frigate Constitution, Aug. 21, 1812.

ISAAC HULL, Captain,
T. I. CHEW, Purser.

Killed and wounded on board the Guerriere.

Killed — 3 officers, 12 seamen and marines, 15

Wounded — .1. A D -. captain, 4 officers, 57 seamen and marines, 62
Missing, — lieutenants Pullman and Roberts, and 23 seamen and marines,

supposed to have gone overboard with tlie masts, 24

Totul killed, wounded and missing, 101

The Constitution rates 44 guns, and mounted 55, her comple-
ment 450 men. The Guerriere rates 38 guns, and mounted 49,
her complement S00 men.

Three daya before the engagement with the Constitution, the
Guerriere spoke the John Adams, captain Fash, from Liverpool,
and endorsed on Ins register the following lines:

" Captain Dacres, commander of his Britannic majesty's frigate
Guerriere, of 44 guns, presents his compliments to commodore
Rodgers, of the United States frigate President, and will be very
happy to meet him, or any other American frigate of equal force
to the President, oft' Sandy Hook, for the purpose of having a
few minutes tete-a-tete."

Captain Hull saved him the trouble of going so far for the
desired tete-a-tete, winch resulted not quite to the satisfaction
and pleasure of Captain Dacres.

Extract of a letter from Captain Hull to the Secretary of the
Navy, dated August 30, 1812.

" I cannot .but make you acquainted with the very great assis-
tance I received from that valuable officer, lieutenant Morris, in
bringing the ship into action, and in working her whilst along side
the enemy, and I am extremely sorry to state that he is badly
wounded, being shot through the body ; we have yet hopes of his

recovery, when I am sure he will receive the thanks and grati-
tude of his country, for this and the many gallant acts he has
done in its service. Were I to name any particular officer as
havino- been more useful than the rest, I should do them great
injustice; they all fought bravely, and gave me every possible
assistance that I could wish. I am extremely sorry to state to
you the loss of lieutenant Bush, of marines: he fell at the head
©f his men in getting ready to board the enemy. In him our
country has lost a valuable and brave officer. After the fall of
lieutenant Bush, lieutenant Contee of the corps, took command
of the marines, and I have pleasure in saying that his conduct
was that of a brave, good officer, and the marines behaved with
great coolness and courage during the action, and annoyed the
enemy very much whilst, she was under our stern."

UNITED STATES' FRIGATE PRESIDENT,

BOSTON, September 1, 1812.

Silt,

I had the .pleasure of informing you of the arrival of the
squadron, and* now to state the result and particulars of our
cruise.

Previous to leaving1 New York on the 21st of June, I heard
that a British convoy had sailed from Jamaica for England, on or
about the 20th of the preceding month, and on being informed
of the declaration of war against Great Britain, I determined in
the event of commodore Decatur joining me with the United
States, Congress and Argus, as you had directed, to go in pur-
suit of them. The United States, Congress and Argus, did join
me on the 21st, with which vessels, this ship and the Hornet, I
accordingly sailed in less than an hour after I had received your
orders of the 1 8th of June, accompanied by your official commu-
nication of the declaration of war.

On leaving New York, I shaped our course south-eastwardly, in
the expectation of falling in with vessels, by which I should hear
of the before mentioned convoy, and the following night met
with an American brig that gave me the sought for information :
the squadron now crowded sail in pursuit ; but the next morning
was taken out of its course, by the pursuit of a British frigate,
that I since find was the Belvidera, relative to which I beg leave
to refer you to the enclosed extract from my joutnal : after re-
pairing as far as possible the injury done by the Belvidera to
our spars and rigging, we again crowded all sail and resumed our
course in pursuit of the convoy, but did not receive further in-
telligence of it until the 29th of June, on the western edge of the
banks of Newfoundland, where we spoke an American schooner,
the master of which reported that he had two days before passed
them in latitude 43, longitude 55, steering to the eastward ; 1

was surprised to find that the squadron was still so far to tha
eastward of us, but was urged, however, as well by what I con-
sidered my duty > as by inclination, to continue the pursuit.

On the 1st of July, a little to the eastward of Newfoundland
bank, we fell in with quantities of cocoa-nut shells, orange peels,
&c. which indicated that the convoy were not far distant, and we
pursued it with zeal, although frequently taken out of our course
bv vessels it was necessary to chase, without gaining any fur-
ther intelligence until the 9th of July, in latitude 45, 30, longi-
tude 23, we captured the British private armed brig Dolphin, of
Jersey, and was informed by some of her crew that they had seen
the convoy the preceding evening, the weather was not clear at
the time, but that they had counted 85 sail, and that the force
charged with its protection consisted of one two decker, a frigate,
a Bloop of war, and a brig.

This was the last intelligence I received of the before men-
tioned convoy, although its pursuit was continued until the 13th
of July, being then within 18 or 20 hours sail of the British
channel. From this we steered for the island of Madeira, pas-
sed close by it on the 21st of July, thence near the Azores, and
saw Corvo and Flares ; thence steered for the banks of New-
foundland; and from the latter place (by the way of Cape Sable)
to this port, it having become indispensibly necessary (by the
time we reached our own coast) to make the first convenient port
in the United States ; owing, I am sorry to say, to that wretch-
ed disease the scurvy, having made its appearance on board of
the vessels, most generally to a degree seriously alarming.

From the western part of the banks of Newfoundland to our
making the island of Madeira, the weather was such, at least
six days out of seven, as to obscure from our discovery, every
object that we did not pass within four or five miles of, and in-
deed for several days together the fog was so thick as to prevent
our seeing each other, even at a cable's length asunder, more than
twice or thrice in twenty-four hours.

From the time of our leaving the United States until our ar-
rival here we chased every vessel we saw, and you will not be
a little astonished when I inform you that, although we brought
to every thing we did chase, with the exception of four vessels,
we only made seven captures and one re-capture.

It is truly an unpleasant task to be obliged to make a commu-
nication thus barren of benefit to our country: the only consola-
tion 1 individually feel on the occasion, being derived from our
knowing that our being at sea obliged the enemy to concentrate
a considerable portion of his most active force, and thereby pre-
vented his capturing an incalculable amount of American pro-
perty that would otherwise have fallen a sacrifice.

1 am aware of the anxiety you must have experienced at not
hearing from me for such a length of time, but this I am sure you
will not attribute in any degree to neglect, when I inform you thai

not a single proper opportunity occurred from the time of leaving
the United States until our return.

Mr. Newcomb, who will deliver you this, you will find an in-
telligent young man, capable of giving such further information
as you mav deem of any moment : he will at the same time de-
liver you a chart, shewing the track in which we cruised : an-
nexed is a list of vessels captured, re-captured and burnt.

The four vessels we chased and did not come up with were,
the Belvidera, a small pilot-boat schooner, supposed to be an
American privateer, the hermaphrodite privateer brig, Yankee,
which we lost sight of in a fog, but whose character we afterwards
learnt, and a frigate supposed to be British, that we chased on
the 28th ultimo near the shoal of George's bank, and should
certainly have come up with, had we have had the advantage of
two hours more day-light.

On board of the several vessels of the squadron there are be-
tween 80 and 100 prisoners taken from the vessels we captured
during our late cruise : the government not having any agent for
prisoners here, 1 shall send them to commodore Bainbridge, to
be disposed of in such manner as best appears with the interest
of the United States, and which I hope may meet your approba-
tion.

With the greatest respect,
I have the honour to be, sir,

Your obedient servant,

JOHN RODGERS.

The Hon. Paul Hamilton,

Secretary of the Navy, Washington.

One ship, four brigs, and two schooners were captured during this cruise.

VOLUNTEERS WANTED.

Fellow citizens of Ohio,

At a moment like this, I appeal to your valor and patriotism.
Major general Harrison will rendezvous a respectable force of
Kentucky volunteers at Dayton on the 15th instant for a short
expedition. General Harrison desires to add to his troops any
number of volunteers from the state of Ohio, who will serve on
the expedition thirty days. All those who will embrace this fa-
vourable opportunity of distinguishing themselves under an able
commander, and of rendering to the state of Ohio a valuable ser-
vice, will in their equipments and movements follow the directions
of General Harrison, hereunto subjoined.

R. J. MEIGS,

Governor of Ohio.
Piqua, September 2, 1812.

VOLUNTEERS— TO ARMS ! TO ARMS !

Anv number of volunteers, mounted and prepared for active
service, to continue twenty-five or thirty days, will be accepted,
to rendezvous at the town of Dayton, on the Great Miami, on
the 15th instant. It is expected that the volunteers will provide
themselves with salt provisions, and a proportion of biscuit;
those who are unable to procure them will be furnished if possible.
Those brave men who give their country their services on this
occasion, may be assured that an opportunity of distinguishing
themselves will be offered. I shall command the expedition in
person ; and the number of troops employed will be entirely
adequate to the object proposed. I wis'.i also to hire a number
of substantial horses: fifty cents per day will be allowed for each
horse which i> provided with saddle and b'idle. Those patriotic
citizens who are unable to afford their personal assistance, will
render essential service to their country by furnishing the horses,
which must be delivered in Dayton on the 14th instant, to a per-
son who will be authorized to receive and receipt for them.

W. H. HARRISON.

Head Quarters, Piqua, Sept. 2, 1812.

8. W. Culbertson to Mr. Chambers, editor of the Zanesville

Messenger, 1812.

Mr. Chambers,

I have just returned from Urbanna, where governor Meigs is
at present with about 1000 soldiers. Brigadier general Harrison
is at Piqua with 2000 Kentucky soldiers, and 2000 more in his
rear. Harrison's presence appears to inspire every person with
courage, and makes even cowards brave. His present conduct
evinces a determination to retrieve the injured reputation of our
country. He has made a most animated speech to the friendly
natives at Piqua, who are numerous, and sueing for a continuance
of peace. He has promised them protection, at the same time
assuring them in terrific language, which struck terror to all
hearts, that the name of an Indian foe should not long be known
among us — that the American army will no longer be commanded
by an old woman.

Governor Meigs's late patriotic conduct and exertions appear
to be rewarded only with ingratitude. He has ordered the 2d
detachment of militia, which marched from this place under the
command of colonel M'Connell, to be dismissed, having been
called out contrary to his instructions and intentions, which must
have been misunderstood.

S. W. CULBERTSON.

Extract of a letter from Gov. Harrison to Gov. Shelby, dated

HEAD QUARTERS, PIQUA,

September 5th, 1812, 4 o'clock, A. M.

" The British and Indians have laid siege to Fort Wayne, per-
haps have taken it. It is their object to push on to Fort Harrison
and Vincennes. You will, my dear sir, leave nothing undone, I
am convinced, to relieve those places ; but it must be done with
mounted men, who will carry the greater part of their own pro-
visions. Miller's regiment I hope have marched from the falls ;
it ought to be followed by a considerable force of mounted men.
I have already detached colonel Allen, with 900 Kentucky infan-
try, (towards Fort Wayne) he is to be joined by 700 mounted men
that are advanced of this ; but I have been unable to move with
the rest of the army for the want of two essential articles ; a
small supply will be up to day, and the troops will be ready to
march in two hours. Great God ! what an opportunity I may
lose of avenging my country and saving the frontiers, for the
want of a few trifling articles. However, we are amply sup-
plied with bayonets, and our spirits are roused to the highest
pitch. Indignation and resentment fire every breast."

WASHINGTON, September 10th, 1812.
SIR,

Having been ordered on to this place by colonel M 'Arthur,
for the purpose of communicating to the government such par-
ticulars respecting the expedition lately commanded by briga-
dier general Hull and its disastrous result, as might enable them
correctly to appreciate the conduct of the officers and men, and
to develope the causes which produced so foul a stain upon the
national character, I have the honour to submit to your consider-
ation the following; statement :

When the forces landed in Canada, they landed with an ardent
zeal, and stimulated with the hope of conquest. No enemy ap-
peared within view of us, and had an immediate and vigorous
attack been made upon Maiden, it would doubtless have fallen
an easy victory. I knew general Hull afterwards declared he
regretted this attack had not been made, and he had every reason
to believe success would have crowned his efforts. The reasons
given for delaying our operations was to mount our heavy cannon,
and to afford to the Canadian militia time and opportunity to
quit an obnoxious service. In the course of two weeks the
number of their militia who were embodied, had decreased by
desertion, from six hundred to one hundred men ; and, in the
course of three weeks, the cannon were mounted, the ammuni-
tion fixed, and every preparation made for an immediate invest-

menl of the fort. At a council, at which were present altthe
Geld ofiict re, anil which was held two days before our prepara-
tions were completed, it was unanimously agreed to make an
immediate attempt to accomplish the object of the expedition.
If by waiting two days we could have the service of our heavy
artillery, ir was agreed to wait; if not, it was determined to go
without it and attempt the place by storm. This opinion ap-
peared to correspond with the views of the general, and the day
was appointed for commencing our march. He declared to me
that lie considered himself pledged to lead the army to Maiden.
The ammunition was placed in the wagons; the cannon were
embarked on board the floating batteries, and every requisite
article was prepared. The spirit and zeal, the ardor "and anima-
tion displayed by the officers and men on learning the near ace. m-
plishment of their wishes, were a sure and sacred pledge, that in
the hour of trial they would not be f.»und wanting in duty to their
country and themselves. But a change of measures, in opposi-
tion to the wishes ami opinions of all the officers, was adopted
by the general. The plan of attacking Maiden was abandoned,
and instead of acting offensively, we broke up our camp, evacu-
ated Canada, and re-crossed the river in the night, without even
the shallow of an enemy to injure ns. We left to the tender
mercy of the enemy, the miserable Canadians who had joined
us, and the protection we afforded them was but a passport of
vengeance. This fatal and unaccountable <tep dispirited the
troops, and destroyed the little confidence which a series of
timid, irresolute and indecisive measures had left in the com,*
manding officer.

About the Kith of August, the enemy received a reinforce-
ment of four hundred men. On the 12th, the commanding of-
ficers of three of the regiments (the fourth was absent) were
informed through a medium which admitted of no doubt, that
the general had stated, that a capitulation would be necessary.
They on the same day addressed to governor Meigs, of Ohio, a
letter, of which the following is an extract:

" Believe all the bearer will tell you. Believe it, however it
may astonish you, as much as if told by one of us. Even a

c is talked of by the The bearer will fiU

the vacancy."

The doubtful fate of this letter rendered it necessary to use
circumspection in its details, and therefore the blanks were left.
The word 'capitulation" will fill the first, and 'commanding ge-
neral* the other. As no enemy was near us, and as the superi-
oritv of our force was manifest, we could see no necessity for
capitulating, nor any proprietv in alluding to it. We therefore
determined in the last resort to incur the responsibility of di-
:riLr the general of his command. This plan was eventually
prevented by two of the commanding officers of regiments being
ordered upon detachments.

;>8

On the 15th, the British took a position opposite to Detroit,
and began to throw up works. During that and the two following
davs, thev pursued their object without interruption, and esta-
blished a battery for two 18 pounders and an 8 inch howitzer.
About sun-set on the evening of the 14th, a detachment of 350
men, from the regiments commanded by colonel M'Arthur and
mv>elf, was ordered to march to the river Raisin, to escort the
provisions, which had some time remained there protected by a
party under the command of captain Brush.

On Saturday, the 15th, about 1 o'clock, a flag of truce arriv-
ed from Sandwich, bearing a summons from general Brock, for
the surrender of the town and fort of Detroit, statins he could no
longer restrain the fury of the savages. To this an immediate
and spirited refusal was returned. About 4 o'clock their batte-
ries began to play upon the town. The fire was returned and
continued without interruption and with little effect till dark —
their shells were thrown till 1 1 o'clock.

At day light the firing on both sides re-commenced ; about the
same time the enemy began to land troops at the Spring Wells,
three miles below Detroit, protected by two of their armed ves-
sels. Between 6 and 7 o'clock they had effected their landing,
and immediately took up their line of march : thev moved in a
close column of platoons, twelve in front, upon the bank of the.
river.

The 4th regiment was stationed in the fort ; the Ohio volun-
teers and a part of the Michigan militia, behind some pickets,
in a situation in which the whole flank of the enemy would have
been exposed. The residue of the Michigan militia were in the
upper part of the town to resist the incursions of the savages.
Two 24 pounders loaded with grape shot were posted on a com-
manding eminence, ready to sweep the advancing column. In
this situation, the superiority of our position was apparent, and
our troops, in the eager expectation of victory, awaited the ap-
proach of the enemy. Not a sigh of discontent broke upon the
ear; not a look of cowardice met the eve. Every man expected
a proud day for his country, and each was anxious that his indi-
vidual exertion should contribute to the general result.

AN hen the head of their column arrived within about five hun-
dred yards of our line, orders were received from general Hull
for the whole to retreat to the fort, and for the twenty-four poun-
ders not to open upon the enemy. One universal burst of indig-
nation was apparent upon the receipt of this order. Those, whose
conviction was the deliberate result of a dispassionate examina-
tion of passing events, saw the folly and impropriety of crowd-
ing 1100 men into a little work, which 300 could fufly man, and
into which the shot and shells of the enemy were continually
falling. The fort was in this manner filled"; the men were di-
rected to stack their arms, and scarcely was an opportunity af-
forded of moving. Shortly after a white flag was hung out upon

>iie walls. A Hiiti-li officer rode up to enquire the cause. A
niniinuiiicatioM passed between the commanding generals, which
ended in the capitulation submitted to you. In entering; into this
capitulation, the general took counsel from his own feeling only.
Nut an officer \\a> consulted. Not one anticipated a surrender
till he saw the white Hay; displayed. Even the women were in-
dignant at >o shameful a degradation of the American character,
and all fell as they should have felt, but he who held in his hands
the reins of authority .

Our morning report of that morning made our effective men
■resent lit for duty 1060, without including the detachment be-
fore alluded to, and without including 300 of the Michigan mili-
tia on duty. About dark, on Sunday evening the detachment sent
acort the provisions received orders from general Hull to re-
turn with as much expedition as possible. About ten o?clock
the next day they arrived within sight of Detroit. Had a firing
been heard, or any resistance visible, they would have imme-
diately advanced and attacked the rear of the enemy. The si-
tuation in which this detachment was placed, although the result
of accident, was the best for annoying the enemv and cutting off
hi-« retreat that could have been selected. With his raw troops
enclosed between two tiivs and no hopes of succour, it is hazard-
ing little to say, that very few would have escaped.

1 have been informed by colonel Findley, who saw the return
ef the quarter master general the day after the surrender, that
their whole force of every description, white, red and black, was
1030. They had twenty-nine platoons, twelve in a platoon, of
men dressed iii uniform. Many of these were evidently Cana-
dian militia. The rest of their militia increased their white,
force to about seven hundred men.

The number of their Indians could not be ascertained with any
degree of precision ; not many were visible. And in the event of
an attack upon the town and fort, it was a species of force which
could have afforded no material advantage to the enemy.

In endeavouring to appreciate the motives and to investigate
the causes which led to an event so unexpected and dishonoura-
ble, it i> impossible to find anj solution in the relative strength of
the contending parties, or in the measures of resistance in our
power. That we were far superior to the enemy; that upon any
ordinary principles of calculation, we could have defeated them,
the wounded and indignant feelings of every man there will testify.

A few days before the surrender, I was informed by general
Hull, we had 400 rounds of 34 pound shot fixed, and about 100,000
cartridges made. "We surrendered with the fort 40 barrels
of powder anil 2300 stand of arms.

The state of our provisions has not been generally understood.
On the day of the surrender we had fifteen days of provisions of
every kind on hand. Of meat there was plenty in the country,
and arrangements had beem made for purchasing and grinding

the flour. It was calculated we could readily procure three
month's provisions, independent of 150 barrels of flour, and 1300
head of cattle which had been forwarded from the state of Ohio,
which remained at the river Raisin under captain Brush, within
reach of the army.

But had v^e been totally destitute of provisions, our duty and
our interest undoubtedly was to fight. The enemy invited us to
meet him in the field.

Bv defeating him the whole country would have been open to
us, and the object of our expedition gloriously and successfully
obtained. If we had been defeated we had nothing to do but to
retreat to the fort, and make the best defence which circum-
stances and our situation rendered practicable. But basely to sur-
render without firing a gun — tamely to submit without raising a
bavonet — disgracefully to pass in review before an enemy as in-
ferior in the quality as in the number of his forces, were circum-
stances, which excited feelings of indignation more easily felt
than described. To see the whole of our men flushed with the
hope of victory, eagerly awaiting the approaching contest ; to see
them afterwards dispirited, hopeless and desponding, at least 500
shedding tears, because they were not allowed to meet their
country's foe, and to fight their country's battles, excited sensa-
tions, which no American has ever before had cause to feel, and
which, I trust in God, will never again be felt, while one man re-
mains to defend the standard of the union.

I am expressly authorized to state, that colonel M'Arthur and
colonel Findlev, and lieutenant colonel Miller, view this transac-
tion in the light which I do. They know and feel, that no cir-
cumstance in our situation, none in that of the enemy, can excuse
a capitulatiou so dishonourable and unjustifiable. This too is the
universal sentiment among the troops ; and I shall be surprised
to learn, that there is one man, who thinks it was necessary to
sheath his sword, or lay down his musket.

I was informed by general Hull the morning after the capitula-
tion, that the British forces consisted of 1800 regulars, and that he
surrendered to prevent the effusion of human blood. That he
magnified their regular force nearly five fold, there can be no
doubt. "Whether the philanthropic reason assigned by him is a
sufficient justification for surrendering a fortified town, an army
and a territory, is for the government to determine. Confident
I am, that had the courage and conduct of the general been equal
to the spirit and zeal of the troops, the event would have been
as brilliant and successful as it now is disastrous and dishonour-
able.

I have the honour to be vours, &c.
LEWIS CASS,
Col. 3d reg. Ohio volunteers.

The Hon. William Eustis,

Secrctnrv of War.

r,\
ATTACK ON FORT HARRISON.

FOOT BABBISON, September 10, 1812.

SIR,

On Thursday evening, tlie Sd instant, after retreat beating,
four bum were beard to fire in tlie direction, where two young
■en citizens who resided here) were making hay, about 4(»0
yards distant from the fort. I was immediately impressed with

the idea that they were killed by Indians, as the Miamies or
\\ aes bad thai <\-i\ informed me that the Prophet's party would
won be bere for the purpose of commencing hostilities ; and that
(hcv had been directed to leave this place, which they were about
to do. I did not think it prudent to send out at that late hour
of the night to see what became of them ; and their not coming
in, convinced me that 1 was right in my conjecture. I waited
until 8 o'clock next morning, to find them, when I sent out a
corporal, with a small party to find them, if it could be done
without ranning toe much ri-k of being drawn into an ambus-
cade, lie -non sent back to inform me that he had found them
both killed, and wished to know my further order-. 1 sent the cart
ami oxen, and had them brought in and buried ; they had been
each shot with two balls, scalped and cut in the most shocking
manner. Late in the evening of the 4th instant, Joseph Lenar
and between SO and 40 Indians arrived from Prophet's town
with a white flag, smong whom were about 10 women, and the
men were composed of the chiefs of the different tribes that
compose the Prophet's party.

A Shawnee man, that spoke good English, informed me that
old Lenar intended to Speak to me next morning, and try to get
something to eat. At retreat beating 1 examined the men's arms,
and found them all in good order, and completed their cartridge*
to lb rounds per man. \- I had not been able to mount a guard
of more than 6 privates and -2 non-commissioned officers, for
-nine time past, anil sometimes part of them every other day,
from the unhealthiness of the company, 1 had not conceived my
force adequate to the defence of this post, should it be vigorously
attacked, for some time past A>I had just recovered from a very
severe attack of the fever, I was not able to be up much through
the night. After tatoe, I cautioned the guards to be vigilant, and
ordered one of the non-comini—ioned officers (as the sentinels
could not see every part of the garrison) to walk round the inside,
during the whole night, to prevent the Indians taking any advan-
tage of us, provided they had any intention of attacking us.
About 11 o'clock I wa- awakened by the firing of the sentinels,
1 Sprang up, ran out, and ordered the men to their posts, when my
orderly sergeant, who had charge of the block house, called out
that the Indians bad fired the lower blockhouse, which contained
the property of the contractor, which was deposited in the lower
part, the upper part having been assigned to a. corporal and 10.

privates, as an alarm post ; the guns had began to fire pretty
smartly from both sides. I directed the buckets to be got ready
and water brought from the well, and the fire extinguished im-
mediately, as it was hardly perceivable at that time ; but from
debility or some other cause the men were very slow in executing
my orders ; the word appeared to throw them all into confusion ;
and by the time they had got the water, and broke open the door,
the fire had communicated to a quantity of whiskey ; and in spite
of every exertion we could make use of, in less than a moment,
it ascended to the roof, and baffled every effort we could make
to extinguish it.

As that block house adjoined the barracks that make part of
the fortifications, most of the men immediately gave themselves
up for lost, and I had the greatest difficulty in getting any of
my orders executed ; and, sir, from the raging of the fire, the yell-
ing and howling of several hundred Indians, the cries of 9 wo-
men and children who had taken shelter in the fort, and the des-
ponding of so many of the men (which was worse than all,) I
can assure you that my feelings were unpleasant. Indeed there
were not more than 10 or 15 men able to do a great deal, the
others being either sick or convalescent, and to add to our mis-
fortunes, two of the stoutest men of the fort, and that I had every
confidence in, jumped the picket and left us. But my presence
of mind did not for a moment forsake me. I saw by throwing
off part of the roof that joined the block house that was on fire,
and keeping the end perfectly wet, the whole row of buildings
might be saved, and leave only an entrance of 18 or 20 feet for
the Indians to enter, after the house was consumed ; and that a
temporary breast work might be erected to prevent even their
entering there. I convinced the men that this could be accom-
plished, and it appeared to inspire them with new life, and never
did men act with more firmness or desperation : those that were
able, (while the others kept up a fire from the other block house
and the two bastions,) mounted the roofs of the houses, with
doctor Clarke at their head, (who acted with the greatest firm-
ness and presence of mind the whole time the attack lasted,
which was 8 hours under a shower of bullets,) and in a moment
threw off as much of the roof as was necessary. This was done
with the loss of one man only, and two wounded, neither of them
dangerously ; the man that was killed was a little deranged, and
did not get off the house as soon as directed, or he would not
have been hurt; and although the barracks were several times
in a blaze, the men used such exertions that they kept it under;
and before day-light, raised a temporary breast-work as high as
a man's head, although the Indians continued to pour in a heavy
fire of ball, and an innumerable quantity of arrows, during the
whole time the attack lasted, in every part of the parade.

I had but one other man killed, nor any other wounded inside
the fort, and he lost his life by being too anxious : he got into one

of the gallies iii (In- bastions and fired over the pickets* and called to
nil comrades Ih it he had killed an [ndian, and neglecting to stoop
don n, in an instant he was shot dead. One of the men that jump*
ed tin- picket returned an hour before day, and running towards
the gate, begged for God's Bake it might be opened. 1 suspect-
ed it to he i stratagem of the Indians to tret in. As I did not
recoiled the voice, I directed the men in the bastion where I
happened to !>•■, to shoot him, let him be who he would, and one
oJ them fired .it him, but fortunately he ran up to the other bas-
tion, \\ here they knew his voii e, and doctor Clarke directed him
to lie down close to the pickets behind an empty barrel that hap-
pened to Lie there* and at day-light I hud him let in. His arm was
broke in a most shot king manner, which he savs was done by the
Indian*, and which I suppose was the cause of his returning. The
other man they caught about 1 '20 yards from the garrison, and cut
him all to pieces. After keeping up a constant fire, until about
'■"■> lock the next morning, which we began to return with some
effect after day-light, they removed out of the reach of our guns.
A party of them drove up the horses that belonged to the citizens

here, and a* they could nut catch them verv readily, shot the
whole of them in our Bight, as well a* a number of their hogs.
They drove off" the cattle, which amounted to 05 head, with the
public OXen. 1 had the vacancy filled up before night (which was

occasioned by the burning of the block house) with a strong row
sfpickets, which 1 got bj pulling down the guard house. We lost
the whole of oar prot isions, but must make out to live upon green
com until we can i^t a supply, which I hope will not be Long.
I believe the whole of the Miamies or Waes, were with the Pro-
phet*- part v, a* one chief gave hi* orders in that language, which
resembled stone -eater"* voice, and 1 believe Negro-legs was there
likewise. A Frenchman here understands their different lan-
guages, and several of the Waes that have been frequently here,
were recognized by the soldiers next morning. The Indians suf-
fered smartly, but were so numerous as to take oft' all that were
shot : they continued with us until the next morning, but made
no further attempt on the fort, nor have we seen any thing more
of them since.

1 have the honour to be vours, &c.

Z. TAYLOR.
His excellency gat. Harrison.

FORT MADISON, September 10, 1812.

SIR.

On the 5th instant, this garrison wa9 attacked by a numerous
body of Indians. Thev began by their usual mode of sneaking
up." One man, who had liberty to go outside upon a necessary oc-
casion, was killed, tomahawked and scalped within twenty-five

<)1

paces of the sentinel who was stationed in a block house, not-
withstanding the sentinel fired on them.

In a little time the attack commenced with a pretty general
discharge of fire arms on all sides — the balls and buck shot fell
in like hail and continued until dark. They then retired.

On the morning of the 6th, they appeared in small squads in
every direction — a part under the bank firing into our loop holes,
while others were employed in killing all the live stock in the
place. At 4 o'clock P. M. they all collected under the bank of
the river and commenced firing: at our flag; and block houses, and
after firing about 400 shot they cut the halyards and the flag fell
inside: a general shout was given by them as a triumph of vic-
tory. They continued in part till after night, and kept up a fire
while one took away the man whom they had killed, which we
were unable to effect, as we did not know the number that might
be there.

On the morning of the 7th, about the first thing that presented
to our view was the man's head and heart stuck upon sticks, the
head painted after the manner of themselves. They kept a fire
upon us all day, during which time a party of them set Mr. Juliean's
houses on fire, and in a short time I discovered our boats were
all in flames. I must confess that at this moment I felt some little
confusion, but no alternative was left but the greatest exertions :
we had 8 old gun barrels made into squirts, and made holes
through the tops of the block houses, and in a few minutes we
were able to make them as wet as if there had fallen a shower of
rain. The little panic was soon dissipated and we felt ourselves
again secure ; but the greatest efforts were made on the part of
the Indians to consume us in flames. They wounded one of our
men in |the face but not dangerous. By sundown 1 discovered
Mr. M'Nabb's house on fire, which led me to believe that they in-
tended to burn all. The wind had fallen. I despatched a man in
the dark with a stick of port fire and instruments to set fire to the
factory, which was performed.

On the 8th, they did not make their appearance until 9 o'clock
A. M. which was in an old stable that they had fortified the pre-
ceding night, but were soon dislodged by two cannon shot.

They then resumed their old station under the banks and fired
upon us, while others continued throwing showers of fire chunks
and arrows prepared with suitable matter to take fire, but our
gun barrel squirts soon extinguished them. This was their last
and longest effort which was continued until 10 o'clock at night.
"We have not seen one since, but I fear a party hangs about to
take the first man that shows his head.

It is incumbent on me to give you a very particular idea of our
situation. This garrison is in the most ineligible place that ever
could have been chosen by any man even if he would try. The
Indians are much better fortified than we. On the south side of
{he river the bank affords them a complete shelter, and would take a

regiment of men a month to make it so that we could rake ir.
On the east it is worse yet. On the west a spring run affords
another hank which cannot he removed. On the norm a hill com-
mands n> completely, which I know from experience, as I could
not pass from one block house to the other without being; fired
upon.

Indeed, sir, the Indians have nothing more to do than toposse9s
themselves of these places and cut off every man that" shows him-
self outside ; fotwe must have Wood in the winter and cold season.
The lac t is that 1 will positively evacuate this post by the \5th
of A'oit n In r next, if there is no means taken to render the
lives of the men more secure. The truth is, that it ought not to
be occupied in a time of war, since it cannot be bettered in the
place where it stands ; it ought to be moved oft' this point entire-
ly 1 have not a yoke of cattle to provide us with a stick of wood,
and if 1 had, I have no forage. You now will know my deter-
mination, and I hope you will endeavour to render me some re-
lief.

I am, with respect yours, &c,
T. HAMILTON,
Lieut. 1st Regt.Lt. lnj'ij. Comg.
Lieut. CoL 1). Bissefl

CRUISE OF THE SCHOONER ROSSIE, October, 1812.

Extract from the log-hunk of the Schooner Rossie, Commodore

Barney, commander.

July 12th, sailed from Baltimore. July 15th, left Cape
Henry. July lrth, Bpoke ship Electra, of Philadelphia, informed
her of the war. July 21st, spoke brig Triton, of Portsmouth,
informed her of the war. Bpoke ship Rising Sun, of Baltimore,
informed her of the war. July 22d, seized brig Nymph, of New-
buryport, for breach of the non-importation law; spoke ship
Reserve of Bath ; brig , from Lisbon to New-London, in-
formed her of the war. July 23d, was chased by a frigate ; fired
as shot at us ; outsailed her" July 30th, chased by a frigate ; out-
sailed her. July 31st, took ancf burnt the ship Princess-Royal.
August 1st, took and manned the ship Kitty; 2d, took and burnt
the following: brig Fame, brig Devonshire, schooner Squid, and
took the brig Brothers — put on board her 60 prisoners, and sent
her to St. Johns, to be exchanged for as many Americans. 3d,
took and sunk the brig Henry and schooner Race-horse ; burnt
the schooner Halifax, manned the brig William (arrived) and
gave the schooner Two Brothers to 40 prisoners, and sent them
to St. Johns, on parole. 9th, took the ship Jeanie, after a short
action : she mounting 12 guns; sent her for the United States
9

(arrived.) 10th,"seized the brig Rebecca, of Saco, from London,
for a breach of the non-importation law, (arrived.) 14th, spoke
bri°- Hazard, from Cadiz, informed her of the war. 16th, spoke
ship Hercules, from Malta, informed her of the war. lTth,
spoke brig Favorite, from Cadiz to Boston. 20th, spoke brig
John Adams, who had been captured and plundered by the Guer-
riere, and let go. August 25th, seized ship Euphrates, of New
Bedford, for breach of the non -importation law, (arrived.) 28th,
spoke a brig, prize to the Benjamin Franklin, privateer. 29th,
spoke ship Jewell, of Portland, informed her of the war. 30th,
spoke schooner Ann and Mary, of New London, informed her of

the war. September 7, spoke brig , from Providence, Rhode

Island, in distress ; left her under care of the Revenue Cutter, of
Newport. 9th, chased by three ships of war, a short chase.
10th, spoke ship Joseph, from Bonavista, informed her of the war.
10th, spoke a brig, prize to the schooner Saratoga, of New York.
12th, chased by a frigate six hours ; outsailed her. 16th, took his
Britannic majesty's packet ship Princess Amelia, after a severe
action of nearly an hour, at pistol-shot distance. The captain,
sailing-master, and one manrwas killed, the master's mate and
six men wounded. We had Mr. Long, first lieutenant, severely
wounded, and six men (most of whom have recovered), the ship
cutto pieces, and the Rossie much injured in sails and rigging.
September 16th, fell in with three ships and a brig armed, ex-
changed shot with the commodore, received an 18 pound shot
through our quarter, wounded a man and lodged in our pump:
continued to dog and watch the above vessels 4 days, in hopes to
separate them, but in vain. September 23d, spoke the private
armed schooner Globe, captain Murphy, of Baltimore, went in
pursuit of the above vessels, but could not fall in with them.
25th, spoke a Spanish brig bound to Porto-Rico. October 8th,
took (in company with the Globe,) the schooner Jubilee, and sent
her in. 9th, spoke a Spanish schooner from Palma to Porto-Rico.
10th, chased and spoke the privateer schooner Rapid, of Char-
leston, S. C. 52 days out, had taken nothing. 22d, seized the
ship Merimack, for breach of the non-importation act. Result
is, three thousand si.v hundred and ninety-eight tons of shipping,
and two hundred and seventeen jjrisoners — valued at upwards of
one million Jive hundred thousand dollars.

BLACK ROCK, October 9, 1812.
SIR,

I have the honour to inform you that on the morning of the
8th instant, two British vessels, which I was informed were his
Britannic majesty's brig Detroit, late the United States' brig
Adams, and the brig Hunter, mounting 14 guns, but which after-
wards proved to be the brig Caledonia, both said to be wejl armed

ami nanned, came down die hike and anchored under the pro
tection of fort Erie. Having been on the lines for some time,
and in a measure inactively employed, I determined to make an
attack, and if possible to get possession of them. A strong in-
ducement tu this attempt arose from a consideration that with
these two vessels and to those which I have purchased and am
lilting out, 1 should be enabled to meet the remainder of the
British force on the Upper lakes, and save an incalculable ex-
penseand labour to the government. On the morning of their ar-
rival I heard that our seamen were hut a short distance from this
place, and immediately despatched an express to the officers, da-
ting them to use all possible despatch in getting their men to this
blai e, as I had an important service to perform. On their arrival,
which was about 12 o'clock, I discovered that they had only 20
pistols, and neither cutlasses nor battle axes. But on applica-
tion to generals Smyth and Hall of the regulars and militia, I
w ta supplied with a lew arm-, and general Smyth was so good, on
my request, as immediately to detach 50 men from the regulars,
armed with muskets.

By 4 o'clock in the afternoon, I had my men selected and sta-
tioned in two boats, which I had previously prepared for the pur-
pose. With these boat-, 50 men in each, and under circum-
stances very disadvantageous, my men having scarcely had time
to refresh themselves after a fatiguing march of 5<)0 miles, I

f)ut off from tin- mouth of Buffaloe creek, at 1 o'clock the fol-
owing morning, and at S I was along side the vessels. In the
ipaee of about 10 minutes, I had the prisoners all secured, the
top-sails sheeted home, and the vessels under way. Unfortu-
nately the wind was not sufficiently strong to get me up against
a rapid current into the lake, where 1 had understood another
armed vessel lay at anchor, and I was obliged to run down the
river, by the forts, under a heavy tire of round, grape, and canis-
ter, from a number of pieces of heavy ordnance, and several
pieces of flying artillery, was compelled! to anchor at a distance
of about 400 yards from two of their batteries. After the dis-
charge of the' fust «;un, from the flying artillery, I hailed the
.shore, and observed to the officer, that if another gun was fired
1 would brihg the prisoners on deck, and expose them to the
same fate we would all share; but notwithstanding, they disre-
garded the caution and continued a constant and destructive
lire. One single moment's reflection determined me not to
commit an act that would subject me to the imputation of barba-
rity. The Caledonia had been beached, in as safe a position as
the circumstances would admit of, under one of our batteriesat
the Black Hock. I now brought all the guns of the Detroit on
one side next the enemy, stationed the men at them, and directed
a fire which was continued as long as our ammunition lasted and
circumstances permitted. During the contest I endeavoured to
get the Detroit on our side by sending a line, there bein? no

■wind, on shore, with all the line I could muster ; but the current
bein°- so strong, the boat could not reach the shore. I then hail-
ed our shore, and requested that warps should be made fast on
land, and sent on board : the attempt to all which again proved
useless. As the fire was such as would, in all probability, sink
the vessel in a short time, I determined to drift down the river
out of the reach of the batteries, and make a stand against the
flying artillery. I accordingly cut the cable, made sail with very
lightairs, and at that instant discovered that the pilot had aban-
doned me. I dropped astern for about 10 minutes, when I was
brought up on our shore on Squaw island — got the boarding boat
ready, had the prisoners put in and sent on shore, with directions
for the officer to return for me and what property we could get
from the brig. He did not return, owing to the difficulty in the
boat's getting on shore. Discovering a skiff under the counter, J
put the four remaining prisoners in the boat, and with my officers
I went on shore to bring the. boat off. 1 asked for protection to
the brig of lieutenant colonel Scott, who readily gave it. At this
moment I discovered a boat with about 40 soldiers from the
British side, making for the brig. They got on board, but were
soon compelled to abandon her, with the loss of nearly all their
men. During the whole of this morning both sides of the river
kept up alternately a continual fire on the brig, and so much
injured her that it was impossible to have floated her. Before
I left her, she had several shot of large size in her bends, her
sails in ribbons, and rigging all cut to pieces.

To my officers and men I feel under great obligation. To
captain Towson and lieutenant Roach of the 2d regiment of artil-
lery, ensign Prestman of the infantry, captain Chapin, Mr. John
M'Comb, Messrs. John Town, Thomas Dain, Peter Overstocks,
and James Sloan, resident gentlemen of Buffaloe, for their soldier
and sailor -like conduct. In a word, sir, every man fought as if
with their hearts animated only by the interest and honour of
their country.

The prisoners I have turned over to the military. The Detroit
mounted 6 six pound long guns, a commanding lieutenant of ma-
rines, a boatswain and gunner, and 56 men — about 30 American
prisoners on board, muskets, pistols, cutlasses, and battle-axes.
In boarding her I lost one man, one officer wounded, Mr. John
C. Cummings, acting midshipman, a bayonet through the leg ;
his conduct was correct, and deserves the notice of the depart-
ment. The Caledonia mounted two small guns, blunderbusses,
pistols, muskets, cutlasses, and boarding pikes, 12 men including
officers, 10 prisoners on board. The boat boarding her was com-
manded by sailing master George Watts, who performed his
duty in a masterly style. But one man killed, and four wounded
bad, I am afraid mortally. I enclose you a list of the officers
and men engaged in the enterprize, and also a view of the lake
and river in the different situations of attack. In a day or two

f shall forward the names of the prisoners. The Caledonia be-
longs to the N. W. company, loaded with furs, worth I under-
stand 8 200,000.

I have the honour to be yours, &c.

JESSE D. ELLIOT.
The Hon. Paul Hamilton,

Secretary U. S. Navy.

URBANA, October 12th, 1812.

SIR,

On receiving your orders of the 4th instant to proceed to
tfac Rapids with the whole force of mounted men under my com-
mand, whose horses were in a condition to perform the service ;I
caused an examination to be immediately had ; and found that
there still remained 960 men, including officers, in a condition to
march, including also captain Bacon, and one other company,
which left us the morning following.

The beeves expected at general Winchester's camp, did not
arrive so a> to enable us to draw, till the morning of the 5th.
A good number of the men were destitute of provision the day
you left Defiance. There being no Bower to he issued to the
mounted men, I ordered that eight days rations of beef should be
drawn ami immediately jerked, so as to lighten, and prepare it
for the expedition, intending to move oft' on the evening of the
5th. On examining our ammunition it had been found that dur-
ing the excessive tains which fell, while you were marching us
from St. Mary's to Defiance, it had become so damaged as to be
entirely useless; not two rounds of sound cartridges were left
to a man. I ordered returns made, so that each man should be
furnished with 12 rounds. This return amounted to 4500 car-
tridges for the musket men, exclusive of major Roper's battalion ;
the ammunition of the rillemen having received very little dam-
age. Quarter master Basey called on the quarter master in
general Winchester's camp and returned without a supply.
About 1 o'clock this day, a man belonging to Manary's company of
rangers was killed and scalped across the Miami, within two hun-
dred yards of our camp. 1 gave immediate orders to arms, and
in five minutes to horse, but owing to our being compelled to
confine our horses during the night, and graze them by day, for
want of forage; the greater part at this moment were under
keepers nearly one mile from our camp up the Auglaise. Con-
ceiving from the bold manner in which the Indians approached
our camp, that it was possible a considerable body was not dis-
tant, I wished to form the men and proceed over the river, by
which we should be in a situation to contend with a considerable
force, or pursue to eft'ect a small one. In the mean time I permit-
ted major Brush to cross over with about 50 foot to examine the

bank and see in what direction the Indians had retired ; but before
he reached the opposite shore every horseman, whose horse was in
eamp was mounted to follow. It was in vain I made an attempt
to keep them back till they were formed ; they broke off* in num-
bers from two to thirty, mostly without their officers, and crossed
the woods in every direction : a party of 15 fell on the trail of the.
Indians, and at seven or eight miles distance overtook them ; but
as the Indians were superior to them, and formed, our men with-
out waiting for a dischage from the enemy returned to camp.
Logan, and the other Indians in our camp, were of the opinion
that there was a considerable force of the enemy lying down the
river, and offered to spy down. Early on the following morning
they left our camp with instructions to proceed four miles below
the Little Rapids, a distance of fourteen miles. They returned
at evening, having found no trail of any size excepting the party
which had been pursued, and those they computed at about forty ;
that they had proceeded on towards the waters of Lake Michigan,
and not on the direction to the Rapids. That the British and
Indians which had fled before general Winchester, had retreated
with apparent precipitancy, drawing their carriages over large
logs, and tearing down every sappling that stood in their Avay.

Scarcely had this scout left our camp, when I received the fol-
lowing order from general Winchester :

"CAMP, NEAR DEFIANCE, October 6, 1812.
SIR,

Believing it to be essential that the Indians who committed
the murder yesterday near your camp should be pursued and
routed, or their strength and situation ascertained, and as that
duty can be best, and most expeditiously done with mounted
men, you will this morning pursue their trail with a part or the
whole of your force, and dislodge, kill, and destroy them if in
your power. This duty performed, you can take the course di-
rected by general Harrison. The attitude of the enemy requires
this change in your destination, and as commander of the north-
western army, I have deemed it my duty to make it. If you do not
return to report you will send an officer for that purpose.

J. WINCHESTER.

Brig. Gen. Comdg. left wing JST. W. army
General Tupper.

I waited on general Winchester immediately on receipt of
the foregoing order, informing him of having previously sent out
a scout, and the object ot it : that the Indians had the evening
before been overtaken seven or eight miles from our camp ; and
their number computed at from 20 to 40 : that in all probability
they had then advanced too far to be overtaken without a long
pursuit : that our horses were feeble, and that I wished to pre-
serve as much of their strength as possible for the general object

of the expedition; anil that if it was agreeable to hiin we would
wait the return of the scout, to take such measures as were
deemed proper on their return. General "Winchester made no
objections to this arrangement ; at the same time I informed him
that we had not three rounds of ammunition to a man, and re-
quested him to order me a supply. He replied to me that he
would order hi> ammunition examined, and would endeavour to
furnish me a part of what was required to complete the 12 rounds.
My brigade quarter master attended this day and returned at
evening with information that no ammunition could be had.
Early the following morning 1 ordered the horses for a march,
and repaired to general Winchester's quarters, and again reques-
ted a supply of two thousand cartridges, being about one-third
of the quantity required ; without which 1 could not feel myself
justifiable in proceeding on the expedition. In answer he stated
to me, that he had but six thousand cartridges not issued ; that
his men had but very few in their boxes ; that he had a good sup-
ply of powder and ball, but no paper ; the latter was in the
wagons' and expected to arrive that or the day following — and
then directed me to return to my camp and make report of the
actual quantity on hand, and he would then inform me whether
he would deliver the two thousand cartridges. I hastened back
to my camp, and gave the net essary orders for furnishing the
return ; but in a few minutes after, received from general Win-
chester the following order :

General Tupper. Longer delay inconsistent with strict mili-
tary principles cannot be indulged; you will therefore proceed
immediately on the reconnoitering duty ordered yesterday with
the troops under your command, except colonel Simral's corps,
who shall return without delay to the settlement, to recruit their
horses, agreeably to general Harrison's orders.

J. WINCHESTER,
Brigadier General, <§*c.

When colonel Simral's company moved off", a large proportion
of two companies of major Roper's battalion from Kentucky fol-
lowed, which reduced that battalion, (being the whole force now re-
maining from Kentucky) to less than eighty men. I was indebted to
colonel Simral for all the cartridges he had exceping two rounds ;
but as the most of them had been damaged and dried, they did
not add one sound round to each man. I was on the point of
taking up the line of march to execute general Winchester's or-
ders, when colonel Allen, commanding a regiment of Kentucky
troops in general Winchester's camp, came up, and informed me
he had obtained leave to accompany me to the Rapids in any
station I thought proper to place him, from a soldier upwards. I
thankfully accepted his services and caused him to be announced
as an aid. Colonel Allen proposed, that as it was general Win-
Chester's wish that the troops should move on the direct route to

the Rapids, that none should be taken but such as would go free-
ly. The experiment was made, when about 400 volunteered for
the service. Scarcely had the troops moved forward from the
ranks, when colonel Allen beckoned me aside and shewed me an
order which general Winchester had that moment forwarded to
him, giving colonel Allen the command of the men ordered for
the Rapids. I requested of colonel Allen a copy of this order,
which he declined giving. It would be difficult for me to describe
the state of my feelings at this moment : I turned to the troops
which had refused to volunteer, and ordered them across the
Auglaise on the route you directed me to take, as the best calcu-
lated to carry your orders into effect. When it was found that
general Winchester had superseded me in the command, the
whole force from Ohio crossed the Auglaise and refused to march
as directed by general Winchester. Colonel Allen and major
Brush returned to general Winchester, who assured them he had
mistook the object of colonel Allen's request. General Win-
chester then proposed to divide the force and have a part to move
on the direct route to the Rapids, the other to proceed by Tawa
towns, to unite at a certain time 12 miles above the Rapids. I
was unwilling to consent to this measure. The force united was
not half the number you thought necessary to order on the most
secret route. A division of less than 500 men, to meet in an ene-
my's country, where many circumstances might prevent their
junction, was to me a measure I could only consent to by com-
pulson — this measure was in the end abandoned.

It is a duty I owe to colonel Allen, that I have not the smallest
reason to believe, he was privy to the order of general Winches-
ter, giving to him the command : his character, and every part
of his conduct on that occasion, convinces me he is above it.

The whole force proceeded to Tawa towns, where we reached
the day following. Early on the morning of the 9th, I ordered
the march for the Rapids, when at the distance of half a mile it
was found our whole force was reduced to 200 men, exclusive of
officers : the other part of the force had refused to march, and
remained in the encampment : scarcely a man marched from the
second battalion of colonel Findley's regiment, commanded by
major Taylor. Manary's company of United States' rangers, both
officers and soldiers, refused to march.

AVhen it was ascertained that our whole force for the Rapids
was reduced to 200 men, I called a council of the officers to
determine whether with that force it was advisable to proceed
on to the Rapids.

The council considered that our force was not sufficient to
carry the first object of your orders into effect ; that we were
too numerous to act as a spy party, and too weak to carry offen-
sive operations into the enemy's country ; and that it would be
improper and unadvisable under those circumstances to continue
the expedition.

With the then remaining; force I proceeded to this place, where
I directed colonel Findley and major Roper, to discharge such
men only as had continued to do their duty.

Thus, sir, has terminated an expedition, at one time capable of
tearing the British flag from the walls of Detroit, wherein our
troops mi»;ht have returned with the pleasing reflection of having
rendered their country an essential service.

It is a duty, sir, I owe to the officers of the Kentucky forces, to
colonel Findley and the officers of his first battalion, to say that
thfv were zealous of pressing forward the expedition ; while the
officers of the second battalion, commanded by major Taylor,
with few exceptions, were shrinking from their duty, and shame-
fully deserting the cause of their country.

The detaching of colonel SimraL's regiment from our force
stands prominent among the causes of our failure. Already was
there a panic in some parts of our camp: the enemy that had
retired at general Winchester's approach had been greatly mag-
nified. The day succeeding the alarm general Winchester drew
in one wing of his lines and strengthened his camp with a breast
Work. Even this circumstance was noticed, and urged as an
evidence, that he apprehended a force superior to his own. Thus,
when imaginary obstacles unite with those that are real, to oppose
the movement of a force so insubordinate, as that every man's
will is his law, little can be expected to the officers, but a plen-
tiful harvest of mortification and disgrace.

It cannot be denied that at the time those men refused to
march, that there was a scarcity of provisions in the camp ; not
three days rations of meat to each officer and soldier remained,
and no bread or flour. But we had found at those towns, an
abundant supply of good sound corn, together with nearly 30
bushels cured when green, or tossamonona. Our sufferings with
this supply could not have been great in going or returning from
the Rapids.

The man whose courage and patriotism expires when his ra-
tions are reduced, ought never to place himself between his
country and his enemies.

When you shall have examined and considered the whole causes
of our failure, should doubts rest on your mind whether some
part of it does not attach to my conduct, may I not hope, sir,
that you will order a court of enquiry, that I may have an oppor-
tunity of meeting an investigation.

I have the honour to be yours, &c.

EDW. W. TUPPER,

Brigadier General

Gen. William Henry Harrison.

HEAD QUARTERS, LEWISTOWN, October 14, 1812.

SIR,

As the movements of the army under my command, since I
had last the honour to address you on the 8th instant, have been
of a very important character, producing consequences serious to
many individuals; establishing facts actually connected with the
interest of the service and the safety of the army; and as I stand
prominently responsible for some of these consequences, I beg
leave to explain to you, sir, and through you to my country, the
situation and circumstances in which I have had to act, and the
reasons and motives which governed me; and if the result is not
all that might have been wished, it is such, that when the whole
ground shall be viewed, I shall cheerfully submit myself to the
judgment of my country.

In my letter of the 8th instant I apprized you that a crisis in
this campaign was rapidly advancing; and that (to repeat the
same words) " the blow must be soon struck, or all the toil and ex-
pense of the campaign go for nothing, and worse than nothing ;
for the whole will be tinged with dishonour."

Under such impressions, I had on the 5th instant written to
brigadier general Smyth, of the United States' forces, requesting
an interview with him, major general Hall, and the commandants
of the United States' regiments, for the purpose of conferring
upon the subject of future operations. I wrote major general
Hall to the same purport. On the 11th, I had received no an-
swer from general Smyth; but in a note to me on the 10th, gen-
eral Hall mentioned that general Smyth had not yet then agreed
upon any day for the consultation.

In the mean time, the partial success of lieutenant Elliott, at
Black Rock, (of which however I have received no official in-
formation) began to excite a strong disposition in the troops to
act. This was expressed to me through various channels in the
shape of an alternative : that they must have orders to act ; or
at all hazards, they would go home. I forbear here commenting
upon the obvious consequences to me, personally, of longer with-
holding my orders under such circumstances.

I had a conference with lieutenant colonel as to the

possibility of getting some person to pass over to Canada and
obtain correct information. On the morning of the 4th, he wrote
to me that he had procured the man who bore his letter to go
over. Instructions were given him ; he passed over — obtained
such information as warranted an immediate attack. This was
confidentially communicated to several of my first officers, and
produced great zeal to act; more especially as it might have a
controlling effect upon the movements at Detroit, where it was
supposed general Brock had gone with all the force he dared
spare from the Niagara frontier. The best preparations in my
power were, therefore, made to dislodge the enemy from the
heights of Queenstown, and possess ourselves of the village, where

the troops might be sheltered from the distressing inclemency of
the weather.

Lieutenant colonel Fenwick's flying artillery, and a detach-
ment of regular troops under his command, were ordered to be
up in aewoo from Fort Niagara. Orders were also sent to gen-
eral Smyth to send down from Buftaloe, such detachment of his
brigade as existing circumstances in that vicinity might warrant.
The attack was to have been made at 4 o'clock in the morning of
the 1 lth, bv crossing over in boats at the Old Ferry opposite the
heights. To avoid any embarrassment in crossing the river, (which
i.-. here a sheet of violent eddies) experienced boatmen were pro-
cured to take the boats from the landing below to the place of
embarkation. Lieutenant Sim was considered the man of great-
est skill for this service. He went ahead, and in the extreme
darkness, passed the intended place far up the river ; and there
in a most extraordinary manner, fastened his boat to the shore,
and abandoned the detachment. In this front boat he had
carried nearly every oar which was prepared for all the boats.
In this agonizing dilemma, stood officers and men, whose ardor
had not been cooled by exposure through the night to one of the
MO>t tremendous north-east storms, which continued, unabated,
for twenty-eight hours, and deluged the whole camp. The ap-
proach of day-light extinguished every prospect of success, and
the detachment returned to camp. Colonel Van Rensselaer
was to have commanded the detachment.

After this result, I had hoped the patience of the troops would
have continued until I could submit the plan suggested in my
letter of the 8th, that 1 might act under, and in conformity to, the
opinion which might be then expressed. But my hope was idle:
the previously excited ardor seemed to have gained new heat
from the late miscarriage : the brave were mortified to stop short
of their object, and the timid thought laurels half won by an
attempt.

On the morning of the 12th, such was the pressure upon me
from all charters, that I became satisfied that my refusal to act
might involve me in suspicion, and the service in disgrace.

Viewing affairs at Buffaloe as yet unsettled, I had immediately
countermanded the march of general Smyth's brigade, upon the
failure of the first expedition; but having now determined to
attack Queenstown, I sent new orders to general Smyth to march;
not with the view of his aid in the attack, for I considered the
force detached sufficient, but to support the detachment should
the conflict be obstinate and long continued.

Lieutenant colonel Chrystie, who had just arrived at the Four
Mile Creek, had late in the night of the first contemplated attack,
gallantly offered me his own and his men's service ; but he got
my permission too late. He now again came forward, had a
conference with colonel Van Rensselaer, and begged that he
might have the honour of a command in the expedition. The

arrangement was made. Colonel Van Rensselaer was to com
mand one column, 300 militia ; and lieutenant colonel Chrystie
a column of the same number of regular troops.

Every precaution was now adopted as to boats, and the most
confidential and experienced men to manage them. At an early
hour in the night, lieutenant colonel Chrystie marched his de-
tachment, by the rear road, from Niagara, to camp. At 7 in
the evening lieutenant colonel Stranahan's regiment moved
from Niagara Falls; at 8 o'clock Mead's; and at 9, lieutenant
colonel Blain's regiment marched from the same place. All
were in camp in good season. Agreeably to my orders issued
upon this occasion, the two columns were to pass over together ;
and soon as the heights should be carried, lieutenant colonel
Fenwick's flying artillery was to pass over ; then major Mulla-
ny's detachment of regulars, and other troops to follow in order.

At dawn of day the boats were in readiness, and the troops
commenced embarking, under the cover of a commanding battery,
mounting 2 eighteen pounders and 2 sixes. The movements
were soon discovered, and a brisk fire of musketry was poured
from the whole line of the Canada shore. Our battery then
opened to sweep the shore ; but it was, for some minutes, too
dark to direct much fire with safety. A brisk cannonade was
now opened upon the boats from three different batteries. Our
battery returned their fire, and occasionally threw grape upon
the shore, and was itself served with shells from a small mortar
of the enemy's. Colonel Scott, of the artillery, by hastening
his march from Niagara Falls in the night, arrived in season
to return the enemy's fire with 2 six pounders.

The boats were somewhat embarrassed with the eddies, as
well as with a shower of shot : but colonel Van Rensselaer, with
about 100 men, soon effected his landing amidst a tremendous
fire directed upon him from every point: but to the astonishment
of all who witnessed the scene, this van of the column advanced
slowly against the fire. It was a serious misfortune to the van,
and indeed to the whole expedition, that in a few minutes after
landing, colonel Van Rensselaer received four wounds. A ball
passed through his right thigh, entering just below the hip bone;
another shot passed through the same thigh, a little below ; the
third through the calf of his leg ; and a fourth contused his heel.
This was quite a crisis in the expedition. Under so severe a
fire it was difficult to form raw troops. By some mismanagement
of the boatmen, lieutenant colonel Chrystie did not arrive until
some time after this, and was wounded in the hand in passing the
river. Colonel Van Rensselaer was still able to stand ; and with
great presence of mind ordered his officers to proceed with ra-
pidity and storm the fort. This service was gallantly performed,
and the enemy driven down the hill in every direction. Soon
after this both parties were considerably reinforced, and the
conflict was renewed in several places; many of the enemy

tuok shelter behind a stone guard-house, where a piece of ord-
nance arms now briskly served. I ordered the fire of our battery
directed upon the guard-house ; and it was so effectually done,
that with eight or ten shot the fire wa> silenced. The enemy
then retreated behind a large store-house ; but in a short time
the mute became general, and the enemy's fire was silenced ex-
cept from a one gun battery, so far down the river as to be out of
the reach of our heavy ordnance, and our light pieces could not
silence it. A number of boats now passed over unannoyed, except
from the one uqsilenced gun. For some time after I had passed
Over, the victory seemed complete ; but in the expectation of
further attacks, 1 was taking measures for fortifying my camp
Immediately — the direction of this service I committed to lieu-
tenant Totten of the engineers. But very soon the enemy was
reinforced bv a detachment of several hundred Indians from
Chippawa — they commenced a furious attack, but were promptly
met and routed by the rifle and bayonet. By this time I per-
ceived my troops were embarking very bIowIV. I passed imme-
diately over to accelerate their movements ; but to my utter as-
tonishment, 1 found at the very moment when complete victory
Iras in our hands, the ardor of the unengaged troops had entirely
Subsided. 1 rode 111 all directions — urged men by every consi-
deration to pass over, but in rain. Lieutenant colonel Bloom
who had been wounded in action, returned, mounted his horse
and rode through the camp; a-, did also judge Peck, who hap-
pened to be here, exhorting the companies to proceed, but all in
vain.

At this time a large reinforcement from Fort George, were
discovered coming up the river. As the battery on the hill was
considered an important check against their ascending the
heights, measures were immediately taken to send them a fresh
supply of ammunition, as I had learnt there was left only 20
shot for the 18 pounders. The reinforcement, however, obliqued
to the right from the road, and formed a junction with the Indians
in the rear of the heights. Finding to my infinite mortification,
that no reinforcement would pass over; seeing that another se
fere conflict must soon commence; and knowing that the brave
men on the heights were quite exhausted and nearly out of am-
munition, all I could do was to send them a fresh supply of
cartridges. \t this critical moment I despatched a note to gen-
eral WadawQrth, acquainting him with our situation — leaving the
course to be pursued much to his own judgment, with assurance,
that if he thought be<t to retreat, I would endeavour to send as
many boats as I could command, and cover his retreat, by every
fire I could safely make. But the boats were dispersed — many
of the boatmen bad fled, panic struck, and but few got off. But
my note could but have little more than have reached general
Wad-worth, about 4 o'clock, when a most severe and obstinate
conflict commenced and continued about half an hour, with a tre-

mendous fire of cannon, flying artillery and musketry. The
enemy succeeded in repossessing their battery ; and gaining
advantage on every side, the brave men who had gained the vic-
tory, exhausted of strength and ammunition, and grieved at the
unpardonable neglect of their fellow-soldiers, gave up the con-
flict.

I can only add, that th victory was really won ; but lost for
the want of a small reinforcement. One-third part of the idle
men might have saved all.

I have been so pressed with the various duties of burying the
dead, providing for the wounded, collecting the public property,
negotiating an exchange of prisoners, and all the concerns conse-
quent of such a battle, that I have not been able to forward this
despatch at as early an hour as I could have wished. I shall
soon forward you another despatch, in which I shall endeavour
to point out to you the conduct of some most gallant and de-
serving officers. But I cannot in justice close this without ex-
pressing the very great obligation I am under to brigadier gene-
ral Wadsworth, colonel Van Rensselaer, colonel Scott, lieutenant
colonels Chrvstie and Fenwick, and captain Gibson. Many
others have also behaved most gallantly. As I have reason to
believe that many of our troops fled to the woods, with the hope
of crossing the river, I have not been able to learn the probable
number of killed, wounded and prisoners. The slaughter of our
troops must have been very considerable. And the enemy have
suffered severely.

General Brock is among their slain, and his aid-de-camp mor-»
tally wounded.

I have the honour to be yours, &c.

STN. VAN RENSSELAER, Maj. Gen.

Major general Dearborn.

EXPEDITION AGAINST THE FLORIDA INDIANS.

NEW-HOPE, ST. JOHN'S, October 19th, 1812.
DEAR SIR,

I have now the honour of transmitting to your excellency,
an account of the several engagements which have taken place,,
between the Lotchaway and Alligator Indians, and the detach-
ment of Georgia volunteers, under my command. As the object
of this expedition, and the views of the persons engaged in it,
have been misconstrued, and mis-statements, relative to its pro-
traction, circulated, I ask the indulgence of your excellency, to
detail every transaction, from its commencement to its termina-
tion. I arrived upon St. John's, in obedience to your orders.,
about the 15th of August, with the whole of my detachment,
consisting of about 250 men including officers, and with a few on

the »ick report. I immediately waited on colonel Smith, before
Augustine, and received orders dated 21st of August, to proceed
immediately against the hostile Indians, within the province of
Baal Florida, and destroy their towns, provisions, and settle-
ment-. I then returned t<> the detachment upon the St. John's,
and made every preparation to comply with my orders, by dis-
patching parties to procure horses, bom the few inhabitants that
had not fled from the province, in preparing packs and provisions,
and taking every step which 1 deemed necessary, to ensure suc-

m tn the enterprize. In consequence of the sickness of mv-
self, and nearly one half the detachment, the period of our
marching was delayed until the 24th of September; and, when
just upon the eve <>l departing, an express arrived from colonel
Smith, informing me, that his provision wagons and the escort
were attacked by a body of negroes and Indians, and ordering
me t<> join him immediately, with 90 men, and bring all the
horses and carriages 1 could command, for the removal of his
baggage, field pieces, and >i< k ; he having only 70 men fit for
duty. 1 marched to the relief of the colonel, with 130 men and
25 aorseevand assisted him in removing to the block-house, upon
Davis's creek. This service delayed, for a few days, our expe-
dition to the nation ; and when the detachment again assembled
upon the St. John"- and were about to commence their march, the
men had but »ix or seven days to serve. About this time, I re-
« lived a letter from colonel Smith, ad\ i-ing me to propose to the
detachment, an extension of their service for 15 or 20 days
longer, a-> the time for which thev were engaged was deemed in-
sufficient to accomplish any object of the expedition. This mea-
sure I had contemplated, and its sanction fiy the colonel, met with
my most hearty approbation ; fori was unwilling to proceed to an
enemy's country, with a single man who would declare, that in
any event, he would not serve a day longer than the time for
which he had originally volunteered.

I accordingly assembled the detachment, and, after stating the
necessity of a tender of further service, proposed that the men
should volunteer for three weeks longer — when 84 men, includ-
ing officers, stepped out, and were enrolled, which, with the ad-
dition of 23 volunteer militia, sent to my aid, by colonel Smith,
and 9 patriots, under the command of captain Cone, made my
whole force amount to 117. With this small body, provided with
4 days provisions, and 12 horses, I was determined to proceed to
the nation, and give those merciless savages, at least, one battle ;
and I was emboldened in this determination, by the strong expec-
tation of being succoured by a body of cavalry from St. Mary's;
and which, it has since appeared, did assemble at Colerain, but
proceeded no further. On the evening of the 24th of September,
we left the St. John's, marching in Indian file ; Captain Hum-
phrey's company of riflemen in front, Captain Fort's company, un-
der the command of lieutenant Fannin, in the centre, and captain

84*

Coleman's company, with Cone's detachment, under the command
of lieutenant Broadnax, in the rear. A small party marched in
front of the main body, and another in the rear. The openness
of the ground (except in particular places} rendered it unne-
cessary to employ men upon the right and left. Our encamp-
ments, at night, (there being three companies) were in the form
of a triangle^ with the baggage in the centre; the men, with their
clothes on, lying with their feet pointing outwards, and their fire-
locks in their arms. In case of an attack, the officers were in-
structed to bring up their companies, upon the right and left of
the company fronting the enemy, and attend to the Indian mode
of fighting, until ordered to charge. In case of meeting the ene-
my upon our march, Humphrey's company was instructed to file
oft* to the right; Fort's company to advance, and form to the
front, in single rank ; and Coleman's company to file oft* to the
left : the whole, then, to advance, in the form of a crescent, and
endeavour to encircle the enemy. On the morning of the 4th
day of our march, when we were within 6 or 7 miles of the
Lotchaway towns, our advanced party discovered a body of In-
dians, marching along the path, meeting us, and, at the same mo-
ment, they appeared to have discovered us. As soon as I was
informed of it, I lost no time in giving the necessary directions
for the companies to advance, and obey the instructions which had
been previously given to them, and which appeared exactly
suited to the situation in which we found the enemy. As soon
as Fort's company (at the head of which I had placed myself) had
advanced to its proper ground, I discovered the Indians falling
back, and making every preparation for battle, by unslinging their
packs, priming their riiles, and each man taking his tree. We
continued to advance, taking advantage of the trees in our pro-
gress, until we were within 130 yards of the Indians, when many
of them fired, and I instantly ordered the charge, which drove them
from behind the trees, and caused them to retire with the great-
est precipitation, our men, all the while, firing at them, slew se-
veral; and, by repeated charges, drove them half a mile, when
they took shelter in the swamp. It unfortunately happened, (I
presume through inadvertance) that Humphrey's company in filing
to the right, took too great a circuit, got a small swamp between
them and the enemy, and thereby rendered the victory less deci-
sive than it would have been, had the whole, charged together,
and before the Indians had dispersed themselves, and extended
their force (which they soon did) near half a mile up and down
the swamp. The company however was of service afterwards,
in preventing the enemy after their dispersion from entering our
camp, retaking their baggage and provision (all of which fell into
our hands) or falling upon the wounded that had been sent to the
rear. The action, including the skirmishing upon the flanks,
lasted two hours and a half — the Indians frequently attempting
to outflank us, and get in our rear, but were repulsed by the com-

parties extending on our right and loft. We had 1 man killed,
and 9 wounded ; 2 of which have since died of their wounds.
TIh- Iom «it the enemy must have been considerable ;I saw 7 tall
to the ground with my own eye, among whom was their king,
P.t\ no : two of them fell near the swamp, the rest our men had the
curiosit) in ->v alp. The rifle company on the right, and Broad-
n.i\*^ on the left, speak of killing several near the swamp, who
were borne off by their comradea ; it being a principle among
the savages, t<> cany off their dead at the risk of their lives. We
remained on the battle ground watching the movements of the
Indians, who were near the swamp painting themselves, and ap-
peared to be in consultation; all of which indicated an intention to
renew the combat. Accordingly, halt an hour before sun set, having
obtained a considerable reinforcement of negroes and Indians,
from their towns, they commenced the most horrid yells imagin-
able, imitating the cries and noise of almost every animal of the
fnnst : their chiefs advancing in front, in a stooping, serpentine
maimer, and making the most wild and frantic gestures, until
thev approached within 2Q0 yards of us, when they halted, and
commenced firing. Our men were not to be alarmed by their
noise and veils ; but, as instructed, remained perfectly still and
Steady behind logs and treea, until the enemy, by this forbear-
ance, had approached somewhat nearer, when a brisk and well
directed fire from our line, BOOH drove them back to their origi-
nal ground. 1 would now have ordered the charge ; but, being
under the necessity, from the extension of the enemy's line.ot
det.i. king nearly one half of my force to protect our camp and
wounded, [the assailing of which, is a great object with Indians,)
I was led to contend with a force three times as numerous as my
own. The action lasted until 8 o'clock, when the enemy were
completely repulsed in every attempt, whether made upon our
centre or flanks. We had two men killed, and one wounded ;
the enemy carried off several of their men before it was dark ;
after which, all firing (of course at random) was at the spot
from whence the flash arose. After fighting and fasting the
whole day, we had to work through the night; and at day -light,
had a tolerable breast -work of logs and earth, with port holes,
on the ground on which the battle was fought: we were reduced
to this necessity; for, in despatching captain Whitaker about
dark, to St. John's for a reinforcement, six more men took the
liberty to accompany him, taking with theinour best horses : our
pilot and surgeon, (who was sick,) was among the number. The
two days succeeding the battle, we neither saw nor heard any
thing of the enemy ; but, on the evening of the third day, they
commenced firing on our work, at a long distance, and renewed
it every day, lor 5 or 6 days, but without killing or wounding
any of our men. After killing two or three of them, through
our port holes, they seldom came within gunshot. Seven or
eight days had now elapsed, since our express had left us ; hurr-

ger was staring us in the face, and we were reduced to the ne-
cessity of eating one of our horses ; we had no surgeon to dress
the wounded, and apprehensions were entertained, that the ene-
my would receive reinforcements from Augustine, or the Ma-
kasukie Indians. Expecting relief every hour, I was unwilling
to leave our breast-work, while we had a horse left to eat; but [
understood, from some of my officers, that a certain captain was
determined to leave us, with his company ; and that many of the
men, giving up all hopes of relief, talked of deserting in the night,
rather than perish, or fall a sacrifice to the merciless negroes and
Indians, whom they were taught to believe would surround us in
great numbers in a few days. In this trying situation, when our
few remaining horses were shot down by them, and the number
of our sick daily increasing, I reluctantly assented to leave our
works that night, and directed the litters to be prepared, to carry
the wounded. About 9 o'clock we commenced our distressing
march, carrying 5 wounded men in litters, and supporting two or
three more. We had not proceeded more than eight miles, when
the men became perfectly exhausted .from hunger and fatigue,
and were unable to carry the wounded any farther. About two
hours after we left our breast-works, 25 horsemen, with provi-
sions, arrived to our relief, on a different road from the one we
had taken ; but, from motives best known to themselves, instead
of following us, returned to St. John's, and we were left to en-
counter nnw difficulties ; two men that I had despatched on the
path the horsemen came, by some means or other missing them.
We again constructed a plan of defence, and 1 despatched ser-
geant-major Reese, with one private, to Picolata, to learn what
had occasioned the delay of our expected supplies ; and told
him I should remain where I was, until I could hear from him,
and endeavoured to procure cattle, as I discovered signs of their
being near us. The evil genius of captain , again pre-
vailed ; and I have since learned from captain Cone, that this
person instigated not only him, but many of the privates, to urge
a departure from our works, even in the day time, when I was
convinced that the Indians, knowing our weak situation, would
endeavour to ambuscade. This gentleman, if innocent, will have
an opportunity of proving himself so before a court martial.

With a burning fever on me, and scarcely able to walk, the
march was ordered about 3 o'clock, P. M. I had directed the
adjutant, captain Harden, to march in front, to avoid all places
where there could be an ambuscade, and the litters should be dis-
tributed among the different companies. Being extremely weak,

I marched in the rear, with captain , (who carried my

firelock,) lieutenant Fannin, and about 15 or 20 privates. We
had scarcely marched five miles, before the front of the detach-
ment discovered the heads of several Indians, on both sides of
the path, from among several pine trees that were laid prostrate
by the hurricane: the same instant, the enemy fired upon our

advanced party, and shot down four of them ; one, a Spaniard,
died on the spot, and two survived a few days; my negro boy
was one of them. The moment I heard the firing, I ordered the
detachment to charge, and the Indians were completely defeated,
in 15 minutes ; many of them dropping their guns, and the whole
running off, without ever attempting to rally ; four were left dead
on the field ; and I am convinced, from the constant fire we kept
up, that many more must have been slain, but were hid from our
view, by the thick palmetto bushes. We lay on the battle ground
all night, and started next dav at 10 o'clock — marched five miles,
and again threw up breast-works, between two ponds, living upon
gophers, alligators, and palmetto stocks, until sergeant-major
Reese arrived with provisions, and 14 horses, when we were en-
abled to proceed to St. John's with all our sick and wounded,
where a gun -boat, by the direction of colonel Smith, was in
waicing for us, which conveyed us to his camp, where we met with
every attention that humanity or benevolence could bestow.

I cannot refrain from here expressing the high sense I have of
the care and anxiety which colonel Smith has manifested for the
detachment under my command, and his promptitude in afford-
ing every aid in his power, when apprized of our situation. My
pen can scarcely do justice to the merits of the brave officers
and men under my command, their fortitude under all their pri-
vations and distresses never forsaking them. Captain Hamilton
(who volunteered as a private, his company having left him at the
expiration of their time) lieutenant Fannin, ensign Hamilton and
adjutant Harden distinguished themselves in a particular man-
ner, being always among the first to charge, and first in pursuit;
sergeants Holt and Attawav likewise acted very bravely, and
Fort's company in general (being always near me and under my
immediate view) advanced to the charge with the steadiness of
veterans. Lieutenant Broad nax showed a great deal of courage
and presence of mind, and ensign Mann, who was wounded in
the first action, fought well. Captain Cone, who was wounded in
the head early in the action, behaved well, and lieutenant Wil-
liams did himself great honour in every action, but particularly
in the bold and manly stand he made in the night engagement.
Sergeant Hawkins and corporal Neil, of Coleman's company,
acted like soldiers, and sergeant-major Reese's activity was
only surpassed by his courage; he was every where and always
brave. Captain Humphrey's company acted bravely, particu-
larly lieutenant Reed, sergeant Fields, sergeant Cowan, sergeant
Denmark, and many of the privates. I can only speak of cap-
tain Humphreys from the report of some of his men, who say
he acted well ; it so happening he never met my eye during
either of the engagements, while the conduct of every other
person that I have named (except one or two) came under my
personal observation.

The number of Indians, in the first engagement, from every
circumstance that appeared, must have been from 75 to 100. In
the second engagement, their number, including negroes (who are
their best soldiers) was double our's ; and, in the third engage-
ment, there appeared to be 50, which was nearly equal to our
force, after deducting the sick and wounded. From every cir-
cumstance I am induced to believe that the number of killed and
wounded among the Indians, must be at least fifty.

I have the honour to be yours, &c.

DANIEL NEWMAN.

THis Excellency David B. Mitchell.

PITTSBURG, October 23d, 1812.

SIR,

I embrace this opportunity to render you an account of the
garrison of Chicago.

On the 9th of August last, I received orders from general Hull
to evacuate the post and proceed with my command to Detroit,
by land, leaving it at my discretion to dispose of the public pro-
perty as I thought proper. The neigbouring Indians got infor-
mation as early as I did, and came in from all quarters in order
to receive the goods in the factory store, which they understood
were to be given them. On the 13th, Captain Wells, of fort
Wayne, arrived with about SO Miamies, for the purpose of es-
corting us in, by the request of general Hull. On the 14th, I
delivered the Indians all the goods in the factory store, and a con-
siderable quantity of provisions which we could not take away
with us. The surplus arms and ammunition I thought proper to
destroy, fearing they would make bad use of it if put in their
possession. I also destroyed all the liquor on hand foon after
they began to collect. The collection was unusually large for
that place ; but they conducted themselves with the strictest pro-
priety till after I left the fort. On the 15th, at 9 o'clock in the
morning, we commenced our march : a part of the Miamies were
detached in front and the remainder in our rear, as guards,
under the direction of captain Wells. The situation of the
country rendered it necessary for us to take the beach, with the
lake on our left, and a high sand bank on our right, at about 100
yards distance.

We had proceeded about a mile and a half, when it was disco-
vered that the Indians were prepared to attack us from behind
the bank. I immediately marched up with the company to the
top of the bank, when the action commenced ; after firing one
round, we charged, and the Indians gave way in front and joined

xhose on our Hanks, (n about fifteen minutes they got posses-
sion .it" all our horses, provisions, and baggage of every descrip-
tion, and finding the Miamies did not assist us, I drew off the
few men 1 had left, and took possession of a small elevation in
the open prairie, out of shot of the bank or any other cover. The
Indiana did not follow me, but assembled in a body on the top of
tin- bank, and after some consultations among themselves, i
aiiTii^ for me to approach them. 1 advanced towards them alone,
ami irai met bv one of the Potawatamie chiefs, called the Black
Bird, with an interpreter. After shaking hands, he requested
mi- to surrender, promising to spare the lives of all the prisoners.
On a few moments consideration, I concludod it would be most
prudent to comply with his request, although I did not put entire
confidence in Ins promise. After delivering up our arms, we
were taken back to their encampment near the fort, and distri-
buted among the different tribes. The next morning, they set
fire to the fort and left the place, taking the prisoners with them.
Their number of warriors wa> between four and five hundred,
mostly of the Potawatamie nation, and their loss, from the best
information I could get, was about fifteen. Our strength was
fifty dour regulars and twelve militia, out of which, twenty-six
regulars ami all the militia were killed in the action, with two
women and twelve children. Ensign George Ronan and doctor
Isaac V. Van Voorhis of my company, with captain Wells, of
fort Wayne, are, to mv great sorrow, numbered among the dead.
Lieutenant Lina T. Helm, with twenty-five non-commissioned
officers and privates, and eleven women and children, were pri-
soners when we were separated. Mrs. Heald and myself were
taken to the mouth of the river St. Joseph, and being both badly
wounded, were permitted to reside with Mr. Burnet, an Indian
trader. In a few days after our arrival there, the Indians all
went off* to take fort Wayne, and in their absence, I engaged a
Frenchman to take us to Michilimackinac by water, where I gave
myself uj> as a prisoner of war, with one of my sergeants. The
commanding officer, captain Roberts, offered me every assistance
in his power to render our situation comfortable while we re-
mained there, and to enable us to proceed on our journey. To
him I gave mv parole of honour, and came on to Detroit and re-
ported myself to colonel Proctor, who gave us a passage to Buf-
faloe ; from that place I came by the way of Presque Isle, aud
arrived here yesterday.

I have the honour to be yours, &c.
N. HEALD,
Captain U. S. Infantry.

Thomas H. Cashing, Esqr.
Adjutant General.

86
AFFAIR AT ST. REGIS.

HBAD QUARTERS, CAMP FRENCH MILLS,

October 21th, 181 :

On the £2d I despatched several confidential friends, to recon-
noitre about the village of St. Regis : they returned with the in-
formation, that the enemy had lauded in the village, and that we
might expect a visit from them immediately. Their number wa-
stated bv no one at less than 110, and from that to 300 ; the moil
certain information fixed on the former number.

It was also believed that the enemy were determined to make
a stand at that place, and would speedily increase their number :
this determined me to make an immediate attempt to take those
alreadv landed, before any reinforcement could arrive. I order-
ed the" men to be furnished with two days rations of provisions,
with double rations of whiskey ; and at 11 at night, we marched
with the utmost silence, that we might give as little alarm as
possible. We took a circuitous route, through the woods, and
arrived at Gray's Mills, at half past 3, P. M. We found here, a
boat, a small "canoe, and two cribs of boards : captain Lyon's
company crossed in the boat : captain M'Xeil's, in the canoe,
and thereinainder, with our horses, crossed on the cribs. We
arrived, within half a mile of the village, at 5 o'clock ; where,
being concealed from the enemy by a little rise of ground, we
halted to reconnoitre, refresh the men, and make disposition for
the attack, which was arranged in the following order : — captain
Lvon was detached from the right, with orders to take the road,
running along the bank of the St. Regis river, with directions to
gain the rear of captain Moutaigny's house, in which, and Don-
ally's, the enemv were said to be quartered. Captain Dildeu
was detached to the St. Lawrence, with a view of gaining the
route of Donally's house, and also securing the enemy's boats,
expected to have been stationed there to prevent their retreat.
With the remainder of the force, I moved on in front, and ar-
rived within a hundred and fifty yards of Moutaigny's house,
when I found by the firing, that captain Lyon Mas engaged. At
the same instant, I discovered a person passing in front, and or-
dered him to stand ; but not being obeyed, ordered captain Hig-
bie's first platoon to fire, and the poor fellow soon fell : he
proved to be the ensign named in the list of killed. The firing
was at an end in an instant, and we soon found in our possession
40 prisoner-;, with their arms, &c. — 4 killed — 1 wounded mor-
tally : took 1 stand of colours, -2 batteaux, 38 guns, — 40 men.

After searching in vain for further military stores, we re-
crossed the river at the village, and returned to camp by the
nearest route, where we arrived at 11 A. M. — the batteaux,
with baggage, &c. arrived a few minutes before us. "We had
not a man hurt. I cannot close this letter, without stating to

vout en ellem v, that the officers and soldiers, lor their conduct
on this occasion, deserve the highest encomiums ; for so strict
h,i> their attention to duty and orders, that we entered the place
without even being heard by the Indians' dogs. The prisoners
I have just aenl onto Plattsburg, to await the disposition of your
excellent \.

I have the honour to be, yours, &x.
G. I). VOlNl'i.
Major, commanding troop* at French Mills.

Ui%. GenenJ Btoomfield.

NAVY DEPARTMENT, October 27th, 1812.

SIR,

I have received, with great satisfaction, your communica-
tion of the 9th in-iiunt ; 1 have been desired by the President of
the United States, to return to you, and through you, to the
officers and men, under your command, in the expedition to fort
Brie, which terminated to the glory of the American arms, his
particular thanks.

I am, with great respect, yours, &c.

PALL HAMILTON.

P. S. Your having abstained from fulfilling your intimation
that vou would expose four prisoners to the enemy's fire, is high-
ly approved.

Jc^- P 1 I - jr.

Lieut. Commanding, Black Rock.

U. S. SHIP UNITED STATES, AT SEA,

October 30th, 1812.

I have the honour to inform you, that on the 25th instant,
being in the latitude 29, N. longitude 29 30, W. we fell in with,
and, alter an action of an hour and a half, captured his Britannic
Majesty's Bhip Macedonian, commanded by captain John Carden,
and mounting 49 carriage guns (the odd gun shifting.) She is a
frigate of the largest class, two years old, four months out of
dock, and reputed one of the best sailors in the British service.
The enemy being to windward, had the advantage of engaging
us at his own distance, which was so great, that for the first halt
hour we did not use our carronades, and at no moment was he
within the complete effect of our musketry or grape — to this cir-
cumstance and a heavy swell, which was on at the time, I as-
cribe the unasaal length of the action.

The enthusiasm of every officer, seaman and marine on board
this ship, on discovering the enemy — their steady conduct in
battle, and precision of their fire, could not be surpassed. Where
all met m\ fullest expectations, it would be unjust for me to dis-
criminate. Permit me, however, to recommend to your particu-
lar notice, my first lieutenant, William H. Allen. He has served
with me upwards of five years, and to his unremitted exertions
in disciplining the crew, is to be imputed the obvious superiority
of our gunnery exhibited in the result of this contest.

Subjoined is a list of the killed and wounded on both sides.
Our loss, compared with that of the enemy, will appear small.
Amongst our wounded, you will observe the name of lieutenant
Funk, who died in a few hours after the action — he was an officer
of great gallantry and promise, and the service has sustained a
severe loss in his death.

The Macedonian lost her mizen-mast, fore and main-top-
masts and main yard, and was much cut up in her hull. The dam-
age sustained by this ship was not such as to render her return
into port necessary, and had I not deemed it important that we
should see our prize in, should have continued our cruise.
With the highest consideration, 1 am, yours, &c.

STEPHEN DECATUR.

The Hon. Paul Hamilton.

Killed
Wound

Led -

MACEDONIAN.

ed -

-1 since

dead

Killed
Wound

36
68

104

RUSSEL'S INDIAN EXPEDITION.

CAMP RUSSEL, October 31st, 1812.

SIR,

This will inform you, that I arrived at this place, from
Vincennes, after general Hopkins had marched his mounted rifle-
men up to fort Harrison. I took with me, a part of three com-
panies of United States' rangers, where I was joined by governor
Edwards, with his mounted riflemen ; the whole of our strength
amounted to 360 privates. We penetrated very far into the In-
dian country, with an expectation of co-operating with general
Hopkins, who, by appointment, was to meet us at the Peoria, on
the Illinois river. In this, we were sadly disappointed, as we

could get no intelligence of his army. This prevented us from
tiding as much damage to the Indians, as otherwise we could
have done. As our numbers were too weak to make any delay
in that quarter; as this was farther than any troops had hitherto
penetrated, we ^role a march upon the celebrated Pimartam's
town, situated about 21 miles above Peoria, and immediately at
the he. id of Peoria lake. This was a well built town, and con-
tained a number of Indians ; between the town and river, was a
dismal swamp, in which they immediately flew for shelter, re-
turning a lew scattering shots. Our men nobly pursued them
through the swamp; and also others, as they were crossing the
Illinois river. The men also pursued them to the opposite bank,
and brought back some of their canoes, and several dead bodies —
♦ lie governor states, to be upwards of 20 killed, of the enemy.
This was a flourishing town, with an immense deal of Indian
plunder in it, together with a great deal of corn ; all of which
wa-. committed to the flames. I believe not less than 80 horses
fell into our hands belonging to the enemy. Several white per-
sons' scalps were also found among their plunder. I had the
immediate command of the battalion, and the superior command
was retained by his excellency the governor. On this expedition
we were fortunate; we had but 4 men wounded, none of which is
mortal. This tour was performed from camp, and back to the same
place, in 13 days.

I have the honour to be vours, &c.

W/RUSSKLL,
Colonel 7th JJist. Comdg.
The Secretary of War.

AT SEA, longitude 32, latitude 33, November 1, 1812.

SIR,

I wrote you on the 18th ultimo, by the British packet Swal-
low, informing you of having captured that vessel with between
an hundred and fifty and two hundred thousand dollars on board;
and I now write you by a British South Sea ship, loaded with oil,
captured yesterday, one of two ships under convoy of the frigate
Galatea.

The above ship is manned by the Congress, and it is now blow-
ing so fresh, that I cannot learn from Captain Smith her name,
having separated from him yesterday in chase of the Galatea
whilst he was manning the" prize, and owing to excessive bad
weather, last night, was unable to join him to day.

I got within six or seven miles of the Galatea by sun-set, but
the extreme darkness of the night enabled her to escape.

With the greatest respect, I am, &c.

JOHN RODGBRS,

Tb<? Hon. Paul Hamilton,

Secretary of the Navv.

SACKETT'S HARBOR, November 13th, 1812.

SIR,

I arrived here last evening in a gale of wind, the pilots hav-
ing refused to keep the lake. On the 8th I fell in with the Roy-
al George, and chased her into the bay of Quanti, where I lost
sight of her in the night. In the morning of the 9th we again got
sight of her lying in Kingston channel. We gave chase, and follow-
ed her into the harbor of Kingston, where we engaged her and the
batteries for one hour and 45 minutes. I had made up my mind
to board her, but she was so well protected by the batteries, and
the wind blowing directly in, it was deemed imprudent to make
the attempt at that time ; the pilots also refused to take charge
of the vessel. Under these circumstances, and it being after
sun-down, I determined to haul oft* and renew the attack next
morning. We beat up in good order under a heavy fire from the
Royal George and batteries to 4 mile point, where we anchored.
It blew heavy in squalls from the westward during the night,
and there was every appearance of a gale of wind. The pilots
became alarmed, and I thought it most prudent to get into a place
of more safety. I therefore (very reluctantly) deferred renewing
the attack upon the ships and forts until a more favourable op-
portunity.

At 7 A. M. on the 10th, I made the signal to weigh, and we
beat out of a very narrow channel, under a very heavy press of
sail to the open lake. At 10 we fell in with the governor Sincoe
running for Kingston, and chased her into the harbor. She es-
caped by running over a reef of rocks under a heavy fire from
the Governor Tompkins, the Hamilton and the Julia, which cut
her very much. All her people ran below while under the fire
of these vessels. The Hamilton chased her into nine feet water
before she hauled off". We tacked to the southward, with an in-
tention of running to our station at the Ducks, but it coming on
to blow very heavy, the pilots told me it would be unsafe to keep
the lakes. I bore up for this place, where I arrived last night.

In our passage through the bay of Quanti, I discovered *
schooner at the village of Armingstown which we took possession
of, but finding she would detain us (being then in chase of the
Royal George) I ordered lieutenant Macpherson to take out her
sails and rigging and burn her, which he did. We also took the
schooner Mary, Hall, from Niagara, at the mouth of Kingston har-
bor, and took her with us to our anchorage. The next morning,
finding that she could not beat through the channel with us, I
ordered the sailing master of the Growler to take her under con-
voy and run down past Kingston, anchor on the east end of Long
Island, and wait for a wind to come up on the east side. I was
also in hopes that the Royal George might be induced to follow
for the purpose of re -taking our prize, but her commander was
too well aware of the consequences to leave his moorings. We
Jost in this affair one man killed, and three slightly wounded.

with a few &hot through our sails. The other vessels lost no men
anil received but little injury in their hulls and sails, with the
exception of the Pert, whose gun burst in the early part of the
action, and wounded her commander (sailing-master Arundel)
badly, and a midshipman aad three men slightly. Mr. Arundel,
wlio refused to quit the deck, although wounded, was knocked
overboard in beating up to anchorage, and I am sorry to say was
drowned.

The Koyal George must have received very considerable in-
jury in her hull and in men, as the gun vessels with a long 32
pounder were seen to strike her almost every shot, and it was
observed that she was reinforced with troops four different times
during the action.

I have great pleasure in saying that the officers and men on
board every vessel behaved with the utmost coolness, and are
extremely anxious to meet the enemy on the open lake, and as
long as 1 have the honour to command such officers and such men,
I can have no doubt of the result.

I think I can say with great propriety, that we have now the
command of the lake, and that we can transport troops and stores
to any part of it without any risk of an attack from the enemy.
Although the whole of his naval force was not collected at Kings-
ton, yet the force at the different batteries would more than coun-
terbalance the vessels that were absent. It was thought by all
the officers in the squadron, that the enemy had more than thirty
guns mounted at Kingston, and from 1,000 to 1,500 men. The
Royal George, protected by this force, was driven into the inner
harbor, under the protection of the musketry, by the Oneida and
four small schooners fitted out as gun boats ; the Governor
Tompkins not having been able to join in the action until about
sun -down, owing to the lightness of the winds, and the Pert's gun
having burst the second or third shot.

We are replacing all deficiencies, and I shall proceed up the
lake the first wind, in the hopes to fall in with the Earl Moira and
the Prince Regent; at any rate I shall endcavourto prevent them
from forming a junction with the Royal George again this winter.
I shall also visit Niagara river if practicable, in order to land some
guns and stores that I have taken on board for that purpose. If
the enemy are still in possession of Queenstown, I shall try to
land them' a few miles below. I shall have the honour of writ-
ing you more in detail upon this subject on my return, or perhaps
before I leave here, if the wind should continue ahead.

I have the honour to be yours, &c.

ISAAC CHAUNCEY.

The Hon. Paul Hamilton,

Secretary of the Navy, Washington.

NEW YORK, November 24th, 1812.

SIR,

I here avail myself of the first opportunity of informing
you of the occurrences of our cruise, which terminated in the
capture of the Wasp, on the 18th of October, by the Poictiers.
of 74 guns, while a wreck from damages received in an engage-
ment with the British sloop of war Frolic, of 22 guns ; 16 of
them 32 pound carronades, and four twelve pounders on the
main deck, and two twelve pounders, carronades, on the top-
gallant-forecastle, making her superior in force to us by four
twelve pounders. The Frolic had struck to us and was taken
possession of, about two hours before our surrendering to the
Poictiers.

We had left the Delaware on the 13th. The 16th had a heavy-
gale, in which we lost our gib-boom and two men. Half past 11,
on the night of the 17th, in the latitude of 37 degrees north, and
longitude 65 degrees west, we saw several sail ; two of them ap-
peared very large. We stood from them for some time, then shor-
tened sail and steered the remainder of the night the course we
had perceived them on. At day -light, on Sunday the 18th, we
saw them ahead — save chase, and soon discovered them to be a
convoy of six sail, under the protection of a sloop of war, four
of them large ships, mounting from 16 to 18 guns. At 30 min-
utes past 11, A. M. we engaged the sloop of war, having first re-
ceived her fire at the distance of fifty or sixty yards, which space
we gradually lessened until we laid her on board, after a well
supported fire of 43 minutes; and although so near, while load-
ing the last broadside, that our rammers were shoved against the
side of the enemy, our men exhibited the same alacrity which
they had done during the whole of the action. They imme-
diately surrendered upon our gaining their forecastle, so that no
loss was sustained on either side after boarding.

Our main-top-mast was shot away between four and five min-
utes from the commencement of the firing, and falling together
with the main-top-sail yard across the larboard fore and fore-
top-sail braces, rendered our head -yards unmanageable the re-
mainder of the action. At eight minutes the gaft and main top-
gailant-mast came down, and at twenty minutes from the begin-
ning of the action, every brace and most of the rigging was shot
away. A few minutes after separating from the Frolic, both her
masts fell upon deck, the main-mast going close by the deck,
and the fore-mast twelve or fifteen feet above it.

The courage and exertions of the officers and crew fully an-
swered my expectations and wishes. Lieutenant Biddle's active
conduct contributed much to our success, by the exact attention
paid to every department during the engagement, and the ani-
mating example, he aftbrded the crew by his intrepidity. Lieu-
tenants Rodgers, Booth, and Mr. Rapp, shewed by the incessant
ffre from their divisions, that they were not to be surpassed in

resolution or skill. Mr. Knight and every other officer acted
with a courage and promptitude highly honourable, and I trust
have given assurance that they may be relied on whenever their
services may be required.

I could not ascertain the exact loss of the enemv, as many of
tin- dead lay buried under the masts and spars that had fallen
upon deck, which two hours' exertion had not sufficiently removed.
Mr. Biddle, who had charge of the Frolic, states that from what
be saw and from information from the officers, the number of
killed must have been about thirty, and that of the wounded
about forty or fifty — of the killed is her first lieutenant and
tailing master; of the wounded, captain Whinyates and the se-
cond lieutenant.

We had five killed and five wounded as per list ; the wounded
are recovering. Lieutenant Claxton, who was confined by sickness,
left liis bed a little previous to the engagement, and though too
weak to be at his division, remained upon deck and shewed bv
his composed manner of noting incidents, that we had lost, by his
illness, the services of a brave officer.

I am, respectfully, yours, &c.

JACOB JONES.
The Hon. Paul Hamilton,

9 cretaxy of the Navy.

FORT NIAGARA, November 25th, 1812.
>]R,

I beg leave to inform you that on the morning of the 21st
instant* at 5 o'clock, a heavy connonading opened upon this gar-
rison from all the batteries at, and in the neighbourhood of, Fort
George, which lasted, without intermission, until after sun-down.
They had five detached batteries, two mounting 24 pounders.
one mounting a 9, and two mortar batteries, one of 10|, the
other 5 \ inch. The batteries fired hot shot, which set some of
our buildings on fire, but from the extraordinary vigilance of the
officers and men, particularly major Armistead of the United
States' corps of engineers, whose indefatigable exertions were
extended to all parts of the garrison, the fires were got under
without being observed by the enemy.

The garrison was not as well provided with artillery and am-
munition as I could have wished ; however, the batteries opened
a tremendous fire upon them in return, with hot shot, admirably
well directed.

Several times during the cannonading, the town of Newark

was in flames, but was extinguished by their engines, as also the

centre building in Fort George. Their mess house and all the

buildings near it were consumed. Captain M'Keon commanded a

1 2 pounder in the south-east block house, and distinguished him-

self by his usual gallantry ami skill. Captain Jacks, of the 7th
regiment militia artillery, commanded a six pounder on the north
block house, and together with a part of his own company, though
placed in a situation most exposed to the tire of the enemy, main-
tained their position like veterans. Lieutenant Rees of the 3d
regiment of artillery, had the command of an eighteen pounder on
the south-east battery, which was pointed at a battery en barbette,
mounting a twenty-four pounder, and also at Fort George ; seve-
ral well directed shot were directed from this gun, which proved
the skill of its commander.

About 10 o'clock, lieutenant Rees had his left shoulder bruised
by a part of the parapet falling on him ; which, though it did not
materially injure him, obliged him to retire, and captain Leonard,
of the 1st regiment United States' artillery, at that moment arriv-
ing, he took command of the battery for the remainder of the
day. Lieutenant Wendel, of the 3d regiment of artillery, had
the command of an eighteen and four pounder on the west bat-
tery, and doctor Hooper, of captain Jack's company of militia
artillery, had the command of a six pounder on the mess house
Of these gentlemen and their commands, I cannot speak with
too much praise ; they distinguished themselves highly, and from
their shot, all of which was hot, the town of Newark was repeat-
edly fired, and one of the enemy's batteries silenced for a time.

An instance of extraordinary bravery in a female (the wife of
one Doyle, a private of the United States' artillery, made a pri-
soner at Queenstown) I cannot pass over. During the most tre-
mendous cannonading I have ever seen, she attended the six
pounder on the old mess house with red hot shot, and showed
fortitude equal to the maid of Orleans.

Lieutenants Gansevoortand Harris, of the 1st regiment United
States' artillery, had command of the salt battery at Youngstown,
mounting one eighteen and a four pounder. These two guns
played upon the battery of Fort George and the buildings near
it: from every observation I could make during their fire, I am
happy to say they merited my warmest thanks for their skill in
the service of these guns.

Lieutenant Harris, from his four pounder, sunk a schooner
which lay at their wharf: she was one of those taken by the
enemy at the mouth of Genesee river a short time since. He
also assisted in burning and destroying the buildings near the
wharf. These two officers and their men in the warmest part of
the cannonading, having fired away all their cartridges, cut up
their flannel waistcoats and shirts, and the soldiers their trow-
aers, to supply their guns.

I cannot say too much of all the officers and soldiers of the
artillery immediately under my observation in this garrison ; they
merit the thanks and esteem of their country for the defence of
it, and I believe it never sustained so sharp and continued a bom-
bardment. The eneniv threw more than two thousand red hot

balls into it, anil a number ot shells, amounting to more than 180,
only one of which did injury to our men. Lieutenant colonel
Grav commanded the artillery ; the unremitted attention paid to
his duty, proves him an officer whose zeal anil science do honour
to himself and country; to this gentleman I feel much indebted
for the manner he acquitted himself. To the officers of my re-
giment (particularly captain Milligan) and the soldiers who as-
sisted the artillery, and those employed in extinguishing the fires
ami carrying oft' the killed and wounded, I am also much in-
debted : they merit my warmest thanks. To doctor West of
tht* garrison, doctor Hugan of the 14th regiment United States'
infantry, and doctor Craig of the 22d regiment United States'
infantry, 1 offer my thanks ; they were employed during the
entire day in the most critical duties of their profession.

Our killed and wounded amounted to eleven. From the num-
bers we saw carried oft' from the enemy's batteries, I presume
many more were killed and wounded on their side.

Onlv two of the above men were killed by the enemy's shot,
the real bj the bunting of a IS pounder in the south-east block
house, and by the sponges of the guns on the north block house,
and at the salt battery.

GEORGE M'FEELEY,

TJeneral Alex. Smvth.

Lt. Col. commanding Fort Niagara.

EXPEDITION OX THE WABASH.

ON WABASH, NEAR THE MOUTH OF PINE-CREEK,

November 27th, 1812.

SIR,

By colonel Richard Taylor, quarter master general, who
goes on as quick as possible to Frankfort, I have it in my power
to give you general information of the movements of the army,
since my last. On the 11th, the army marched from fort Harri-
son, on the road formerly made by governor Harrison's army, and
the boats set out at the same time. The length of time the ene-
my had expected us, made it necessary to guard ourselves in an
especial manner. The rise of the waters, from the heavy fall of
ram preceding our march, and some large creeks, left us no
doubt of considerable difficulty and embarrassment; insomuch,
that not until the 14th did we pass Sugar creek, 3 miles above
the road.

From every information, I had no hesitation in moving on the
cast side of the Wabash ; the Vermillions, Pine creek, and other
impediments on the west side, superadded to the presumption
that we were expected, and might more easily be annoyed and
ambuscaded on that ronte, determined me iu this measure; the

boats too, with our provisions of rations, forage, and military
stores, could be more easily covered and protected, as the line of
march could be invariably nearer the river. Lieutenant colonel
Barbour, with one battalion of his regiment, had command of
the 7 boats, and encamped with us, on the bank of the river,
almost every night. This so protracted our march, that we did
not reach the Prophet's town until the 19th : on the morning of
this day, I detached 300 men to surprize the Winebago town*
lying on Ponce Passu creek, one mile from the Wabash, and 4
below the Prophet's. This party, commanded by general Butler,
surrounded the place about break of day, and found it evacua-
ted. There were in the main town about 40 houses, many of
them from 30 to 50 feet in length ; besides many temporary huts
in the surrounding Prairie, in which they had cultivated a great-
deal of corn.

On the 20th, 21st and 22d, we weree mployed in the complete
destruction of the Prophet's town, which contained about 40
cabins and huts, and the large Kickapoo village adjoining below
it, on the west side of the river, consisting of about 160 cabins
and huts ; finding, and destroying their corn, reconnoitering the
circumjacent part of the country, and constructing works for the
defence of our boats and the army. Seven miles east of us, oh
the Ponce Passu creek, a party of Indians were discovered —
they had fired on a small party of ours on the 21st, and killed a
man by the name of Dunn, a gallant soldier in captain Duvall's
company. On the 22d, upwards of sixty horsemen, under the com-
mand of lieutenant colonels Miller and Wilcox, anxious to bury
their comrade, as well as gain a more complete knowledge of the
ground, went on to a point near the Indian encampment, fell into
an ambuscade, and 18 of our party were killed, wounded, and
missing. Among these, are three hopeful young officers, and one
private from the 8th (Wilcox's) regiment, viz : — Mars, Edwards,
Murray, and the private Webb, presumed to be killed ; the other
14 were of the rangers. On the return of this party, and the
information of a large assemblage of the enemy, who, encouraged
by the strength of their camp, appeared to be waiting for us, every
preparation was made to march early, and engage the enemy at
every risk ; when, from the most violent storm, and fall of snow,
attended with the coldest weather I ever saw or felt, at this sea-
son of the year, and which did not subside until the evening
of the 23d, we were delayed until the 24th. Upon arriving
on the ground, we found the enemy had deserted their camp
before the fall of snow, and passed the Ponce Passu. I have no
doubt but their ground was the strongest I ever have seen ; the
deep, rapid creek spoken of, was in their rear, running in a semi-
circle, and fronted by a bluff 100 feet high, almost perpendicular,
and only to be penetrated by three steep ravines. If the enemy
would not defend themselves here, it was evident they did not
intend fighting at all. After reconnoitering sufficiently, we re-

turned to camp, and found the ice so accumulated, as to alarm us
for the return of the boats. I had fully intended to have spent
one more week in endeavouring to find the Indian camps;
but the shoeless, shirtless state of the troops, now clad in the
remnants of their summer dress ; a river full of ice ; the hills
covered with snow ; a rigid climate, and no certain point to which
we could further direct our operations ; under the influence of the
advice of every field and statt* officer, orders were given, and
measures pursued for our return, on the 25th. We are now pro-
gressing to fort Harrison, through the ice and snow, where we
expect to arrive on the last day of this month.

From Vincennes I shall have the honour of addressing your ex-
cellency again : but, before I close this, I cannot forbear express-
ing the merits of the officers and soldiers of this command. After
leaving at fort Harrison all unfit for duty, we had in privates of
every corps, about 1000 — in the total, 1250 or thereabout. At the
Prophet's town, upwards of 100 of these were on the sick report.
Yet, sir, have we progressed in such order as to menace our enemy,
from any annoyance. Seven large keel boats have been covered
and protected, to a point hitherto unknown in Indian expeditions.
Three large Indian establishments have been burnt and destroy-
ed, with near three miles of fence, (and all the corn, &c. we could
find,) besides many smaller ojjes ; the enemy have been sought
in their strong holds, and every opportunity afforded them to
attack or alarm us ; a march on the east side of the Wabash,
without road, or recognizance of the country, fully 100 miles
perfected ; and this was done with a naked army of infantry,
aided by only abuut fifty rangers and spies : all this will have
been done in twenty days — no sigh, no murmur, no complaint.

I have the honour to be, yours, &c.

SAMUEL HOPKINS.

His excellency Gov. Shelby.

CAMP, NEAR BUFF ALOE, December 4th, 1812.

SIR,

The troops, under my command, having been ordered to hut
themselves for the winter, it becomes my duty to report to you
the proceedings had here, since I took command on this frontier.

On or about the 26th of October, 1 ordered that 20 scows should
be prepared for the transportation of cavalry and artillery, and
put the carpenters of the army upon that duty. By the 26th
November, ten scows were completed ; and by bringing boat9
from lake Ontario, the number was increased to seventy.

I had issued an address to the men of New York; and per-
haps 300 volunteers had arrived at Buffaloe. I presumed that
the regular troops, and the volunteers, under colonels Smith and
M'Clure, would furnish 2,300 men for dutv ; aud, of general

Tannehill'8 brigade, reporting a total of 1,650, as many as 413
hail volunteered to cross into Canada. I deemed myself ready
" to cross with 5,000 men at owce," according to your orders.
Preparatory thereto, on the night of the 27th of November, I
sent over two parties ; one under lieutenant colonel Boerstler ;
the other under captain King, with whom lieutenant Angus, of
the navy, at the head of a body of seamen, united.

The iirst mentioned party was to capture a guard and destroy
a bridge, about five miles below fort Erie ; the second party were
to take, and render useless, the cannon of the enemy's batteries,
and pieces of light artillery. The first party made some pri-
soners, but tailed to destroy the bridge. The second party, after
rendering unserviceable the light artillery, separated by some
misapprehension. Lieutenant Angus, the seamen, and part of
the troops returned, with all the boats, while captain King, cap-
tain Morgan, captain Sproul, Lieutenant Houston, and about
sixty men, remained. Captain King, notwithstanding, with those
under his command, advanced to the enemy's batteries, attacked
and took two of them in succession, rendered unserviceable the
cannon, and took a number of prisoners. In descending the
Niagara some distance, two boats were found, on board of which
captain King sent his prisoners, all his officers and half his men ;
his high sense of honour would no^t allow him to quit the remain-
der— he was captured with them.

Orders had been given, that all the troops in the neighbourhood
should march atrevellie to the place of embarkation. A part of
the detachment sent in the night, having returned, and having
excited apprehensions for the residue, about 850 men, under col-
onel Winder, put off in boats, for the opposite shore ; a part of this
force had landed, when a superior force, with a piece of artillery
appeared : — a retreat was ordered, and colonel Winder's detach-
ment suffered a loss of six killed, and 22 wounded ; of whom,
three were officers. The general embarkation commenced as
the troops arrived ; but this being the first time the troops had
embarked, the whole of the scows were occupied bv about one-
third part of the artillery ; while about 800 regular infantry,
something upwards of 200 twelve month's volunteers, and per-
haps 200 of those militia who had volunteered their services for
a few days, occupied all the boats that were ready. The troops
then embarked, moved up the stream to Black Rock, without sus-
taining loss from the enemy's fire. It was now the afternoon,
and they were ordered to disembark, and dine. The enemy
showed a force, estimated at five or six hundred men, drawn up
in a field, at sdme distance from the river; and had one piece of
artillery, said to be a nine pounder, ready <o fire on our troops.

There remained, unembarked, a part of the artillery; a few
cavalry; the volunteers under colonel M'Clure, amounting, on
that day, to 540 men; a detachment from general Tannehill's
brigade, (number unknown, and little relied on;) there were also

sundry crowds who might perhaps have followed the army, if it
was successful.

Recollecting your instructions " to cross with 3,000 men at
once," and to consult some of my principal officers in " all im-
portant movements," I called for the field officers of the regular
and twelve month's volunteers embarked ; colonel Porter not
being found at the moment, captain Gibson was called, as the
next senior officer of artillery. These questions were put: —
"Is it expedient now to cross over? Is the force we have, suffi-
cient to conquer the opposite coast ?" The first question was
decided in the negative, by colonels Parker, Schuyler, Winder,
lieutenant colonels Boerstler and Coles, and major Campbell.
Colonel Swift, of the volunteers, alone gave an opinion for then
crossing over. The second question was not decided : colonel
Parker, colonel Schuyler, lieutenant colonel Coles, and major
Campbell, were decidedly of opinion that the force was insuffici-
ent. Colonels Winder and Smith, lieutenant colonel Boerstler,
and captain Gibson, deemed the force sufficient. I determined
to postpone crossing over, until more complete preparation would
enable me to embark the whole force at once, according to your
instructions. The next day was spent in such preparations, and
the troops were ordered to be again at the place of embarkation,
at 8 o'clock on the morning of the 30th November. On their
arrival they were sent into the adjacent woods, there to build
fires, and remain until 3 o'clock in the morning of the 1st of
December, when it was intended to put off two hours before day-
light, so as to avoid the fire of the enemy's cannon, in passing the
position which it was believed they occupied below ; to land above
Chippewa, assault that place, and, if successful, march through
Queenstown, to fort George. The contractor was called on
to furnish rations for 2500 men, for four days ; when it was
found, he could furnish the pork, but not the flour ; sixty barrels
were required, and only thirty furnished. The embarkation
commenced ; but was delayed by circumstances, so as not to be
completed until after day-light, when it was found, the regular
infantry, 688 men, the artillery, 177 men, colonel Swift's volun-
teers, about 230, six companies of federal volunteers, amounting
to 276 men, about 100 militia, of colonel Dobbins's regiment, and
a few men in a boat with Mr. P. B. Porter, contractor's agent,
who was to pilot the enterprise, had embarked ; the whole on
board, without the commissioned officers, being 1500 men ; and it
was now two hours later than the time fixed on for setting out.

There were some groups of men not yet embarked. They
were applied to, requested, and ordered, by the brigade major, to
get into the boats ; they did not. He estimated their number at
150 : it was probably greater.

It then became a question, whether it was expedient to invade
Canada, in open day-light, with 1500 men, at a point where no
reinforcement could be expected for some days. I saw the num-

100

ber of regular troops was declining rapidly. I knew that on
them I was chiefly to depend.

I called together officers commanding corps of the regular
army. Colonel Parker being sick, those present were colonel
Porter, of the artillery, colonel Schuyler, colonel Winder, and
lieutenant colonel Coles. I put to them this question : — " Shall we
now proceed ?" They unanimously decided that we ought not.
I foresaw that the volunteers, who had come out for a few days,
would disperse. Several of them had on the evening of the 25th
broken their muskets, because they had not seen a battle ; I
foresaw that the number of regular troops would decrease ; the
measles had affected them generally ; the constant use of fresh
meat had produced dysenteries, and they were now in tents, in
the month of December. 1 informed the officers, that the
attempt to invade Canada would not be made, until the army was
reinforced, and directed them to withdraw their troops, and cover
them with huts immediately. The volunteers and neighboring
people were dissatisfied, and it has been in the power of the
contractor's agent to excite some clamor against the course pur-
sued ; he finds the contract a losing one, at this time, and would
wish to see the army in Canada, that he might not be bound to
supply it.

I am sorry that the situation of the force under my command,
had not been such, as to make the propriety of a forward
movement obvious to all. Circumstanced as we were, I have
thought it my duty to follow the cautious counsels of expe-r
rience, and not by precipitation, to add another to the list of our
defeats.

You will perceive my motives by my letter of the 30th Octo-
ber, wherein I said " 1 would cross in three days, if I had the
means; without them, it would be injustice to the nation and
myself, to attempt it. — I must not be defeated."

Allow me to recommend to your attention, and that of the
Secretary of War, captain W. King of the 15th regiment infan-
try, as an officer of the first class. His dauntless bravery, refined
mind, high sense of honour, and ambition to distinguish himself,
render lum a fit subject for promotion -, and \m is perhaps the
best disciplinarian in the army. I have, a wife and children ; I have
not seen them for fourteen months ; I ask permission now to
visit them.

I have the honour to be yours, &c.

ALEXANDER SMYTH,

Brigadier General.

Major General Dearborn.

lei

General Smyth to a committee of the patriotic citizens of the
western counties of New Fork.

CAMP NEAR BUFFALOE, December 3d, 1812.

Gentlemen,

Your letter of December 2d is before me ; and I answer it
in the following manner :

On the 26th October, I ordered that 20 scows should be pre-
pared for the transportation of artillery and cavalry, and put the
carpenters of the army upon that duty.

By the 26th of November, 10 scows were completed, and by
bringing some boats from lake Ontario, above the falls of Niagara,
the number was increased to seventy.

I had on the 26th of November, issued an address to the men
of New York, and perhaps 300 had arrived at Buft'aloe. I pre-
sumed that the regular troops, and the volunteers under colonels
Swift and M'Clure, would furnish 2,300 men for duty ; and of
general Tannehill's brigade (from Pennsylvania) reporting a total
of 1,650, as many as 413 had volunteered to cross into Canada.
My orders were to " cross with 3,000 men at once." I deemed
myself ready to fulfil them.

Preparatory thereto, on the night of the 27th November, I sent
•ver two parties, one under lieutenant colonel Boerstler, the other
under captain King, with whom lieutenant Angus, of the navy, at
the head of a body of seamen, united. The first was to capture
a guard, and destroy a bridge about five miles below fort Erie ; the
second were to take and render useless the cannon of the ene-
my's batteries, and some pieces of light artillery. The first
party failed to destroy the bridge ; the second, after rendering
unserviceable the light artillery, separated by some misapprehen-
sion. Lieutenant Angus, the seamen, and part of the troops,
returned with all the boats ; while captain King, captain Morgan,
captain Sproul, lieutenant Houston, and about sixty men remain-
ed. The party thus reduced, attacked, took, and rendered unser-
viceable two of the enemy's batteries, captured thirty-four prison I
ers, found two boats, in which captain King sent the prisoners
and about half his party with the other officers; he himself
remaining with 30 men whom he would not abandon.

Orders had been given, that all the troops in the neighbourhood
should march, at revellie, to the place of embarkation. A part
of the detachment sent in the night having returned and excited
apprehensions for the residue, about 250 men, under the command of
colonel Winder, suddenly put off in boats for the opposite shore ;
a part of this force had landed, when a force deemed superior,
with one piece of artillery, was discovered ; a retreat was ordered ;
and colonel Winder's detachment suffered a loss of six killed and
nineteen wounded, besides some officers.

The general embarkation commenced as the troops arrived ; but
this being a first embarkation, the whole of the scows were occu-

102

pied by about one third of the artillery, while about 800 regular
infantry, about 200 twelve month's volunteers, under colonel Swift,
and about 200 of the militia who had volunteered their services
for a few days, occupied all the boats that were ready, the troops
then embaked, moved up the stream to Black Rock without loss ;
they were ordered to disembark and dine.

I had received from my commanding general an instruction
in the following words — " In all important movements you will, I
presume, consider it advisable to consult some of your principal
officers." I deemed this equivalent to an order ; and the move-
ment important. I called for the field officers of the regulars,
and twelve month's volunteers embarked. Colonel Porter was
not found at the moment. These questions were put — Is it expe-
dient NOJV to cross over? Is the force we have sufficient to con-
quer the opposite coast ?

The first question was decided in the negative by colonel
Parker, colonel Schuyler, colonel Winder, lieutenant colonel
Boerstler, lieutenant colonel Coles, and major Campbell. Colonel
Swift, of volunteers, alone gave an opinion for then crossing over.
The second question was not decided. Colonel Parker, colonel
Schuyler, lieutenant colonel Coles, and major Campbell, were
decidedly of opinion that the force was insufficient. Colonel
Winder, colonel Swift, lieutenant colonel Boerstler, and captain
Gibson, deemed the force sufficient.

I determined to pospone crossing over until more complete
preparation would enable me to embark the whole force at once,
the course prescribed by my orders. The next day was spent in
such preparation, and the troops were ordered to be again at the
place of embarkation at 8 o'clock in the morning of the 30th
November. On their arrival they were sent into the adjacent
woods, there to build fires, and remain until 3 o'clock in the
morning of the 1st of December; when it was intended to put
oft* two hours before day-light, so as to avoid the fire of the ene-
my's cannon in passing the position which it was believed they
occupied below, to land above Chippeway, assault that place, and
if successful, march through Queenstown for Fort George. For
this expedition the contractor was called on to furnish rations for
2,500 men for four days, when it was found he could furnish the
pork but not the flour'; the deputy quarter master called for 60
barrels and got but 30.

The embarkation commenced, but was delayed by circum-
stances so as not to be completed until after day-light, when it was
found the regular infantry, 688 men, the artillery, 177 men,
Swift's volunteers estimated at 23, six companies of federal
volunteers under captains Collins, Phillips, Allison, Moore, Ma-
ther and Marshall, amounting to 276 men, commanded by lieu-
tenant colonel M'Clure, 100 men of colonel Dobbin's militia, and
a few men in a boat with general P. B. Porter, had embarked, the
whole on board amounting, exclusive of officers, to 1,466 men;

103

or thereabouts, and it was now two hours later than had been
contemplated.

There were some groups of men not yet embarked ; they were
applied to, requested, and ordered by the brigade major to get
into the boats ; they did not. The number of these the brigade
major estimated at about 150. It was probably greater.

It then became a question, whether it was expedient to invade
Canada in open day-light, with 1,500 men, at a point where no
reinforcements could be expected for some days. I saw that the
number of regular troops was declining rapidly. I knew that on
them chiefly I was to depend.

I called together the officers commanding corps of the regular
army. Colonel Parker being sick, those present were, colonel
Porter of the artillery, colonel Schuyler, colonel Winder, and
lieutenant colonel Coles.

I put to them this question: shall we proceed? They unani-
mously decided that we ought not.

I foresaw that the volunteers, who had come out for a few days,
would disperse — several of them had on the evening of the 28th,
broke their muskets. I foresaw that the number of the regular
troops would decrease ; measles, and other diseases, being among
them ; and they were nOw in tents, in the month of December.
I informed the officers that the attempt to invade Canada would
not be made, until the army was reinfoixed ; directed them to
withdraw their troops, and cover them with huts immediately.

You say that on Saturday every obstruction was removed, and
that a landing might have been effected " without the loss of a single
man." This proves you unacquainted with the occurrences of
the day. Colonel Winder, in retiring from the enemy's shore in
the morning, lost a tenth part of his force, in killed and wounded.
The enemy showed no more than 5 or 600 men, as estimated by
colonel Parker, and one piece of artillery, supposed a 9 pounder.
That force, we, no doubt, might have overcome, but not without
loss ; and that, from the great advantage the enemy would have
had, might have been considerable.

To recapitulate. — My orders were to pass into Canada with
3000 men at once. On the first day of embarkation not more
than 1,400 men were embarked, of whom 400, that is, half of the
regular infantry, were exhausted with fatigue, and want of rest. On
the second embarkation, only 1,500 men were embarked, and these
were to have put ofFimmediately, and to have descended the river
to a point where reinforcements were not to be expected. On
both days many of the regular troops were men in bad health,
who could not have stood one day's march; who, although they
were on the sick report, were turned out by their ardent officers.

The affair at Queenstown is a caution against relying on crowds,
who go to the banks of Niagara, to look at a battle as on a the-
atrical exhibition ; who, if they are disappointed at the sights,

104

break their muskets; or if they are without rat-* 'i for a day,
desert.*

I have made you this frank disclosure, wit1 at admitting your
authority to require it, under the impression that you are patriotic
and candid men ; and that you will not consure me for follow-
ing the cautious counsels of experience ; nor join in the sense-
less clamor excited against me by an interested man.

I have some reason to believe that the cautious counsel given
by the superior officers of my command, was good. From desert-
ers, we learn that 2,314 rations are issued daily on the frontiers
on the British side. Captain ^ng, prisoner at Fort George, writes
to an officer thus — " tell our friends to take better care of them-
selves than it appears I have doneP

I am, gentlemen, with great respect, yours, &c.

ALEXANDER SMYTH.

Brigadier General.

To Messrs. George M'Clure, Lewis Birdsall, John Griffin, and William B.
Rochester, a committee from the patriotic citizens of the western counties
of New York.

P. S. It will be observed that the force ready could be no other-
wist ascertained than by an actual embarkation, it being uncertain
what portion of the volunteer force would embark.

CAMP, ON M1SSISSINEWAY,

Two miles above Silver Heels, December 12th, 1812.

BEAR GENERAL,

After a fatiguing march of three days and one night from
Greenville, I arrived with the detachment under my command
at a town on the Mississinewa, thought by the spies to be Silver
Heel's town; but proved to be a town settled by a mixture of
Delaware and Miami Indians.

About 8 o'clock on the morning of the 17th, a charge was made
upon the town, when many fled over the river, others surrendered ;
those who fled made resistance after crossing, by firing across the
river. Thirty-seven prisoners are taken, whom I shall bring in
with me, including men, women and children ; seven warriors
were killed. After disposing of the prisoners, I marched a detach-^
ment down the river, and burned three villages without resistance.
I then returned and encamped on the ground where stood the first
village attacked.

This morning about day -light, or a little before, my camp was
attacked by a party of Indians (the number unknown, but supposed
to be between 2 and 300) on my right line, occupied by major

* Six hundred of general Tannehill's brigade deserted in twenty-four
hours. A court martial of this brigade have fined a man twelve awl an h<i{f
cents for the crime of desertion !

105

Ball's 9quai>. . who gallantly resisted them for about three quar-
ters of an hour, "n the Indians retreated, after being most gal-
lantly charged ' tain Trotter, at the head of his troop of caval-
ry. We Los action, one killed and one wounded (by
accident the U e action of this morning, we have eight
killed and a ive or forty wounded. Not having yet

? often a repi i abfe to state the number exactly. The

ndians havt 1'oiiv killed, from the discoveries now

made ; the - at present ascertaining the number. I

have sent to < for a reinforcement, and send you this

hasty sketch. i il report sljj|i be hereafter made known

to you, notit i rly those companies and individuals who

have distingui m elves signally.

I anticipate tack before I reach Greenville, but rest
assured, my i , that they shall be warmly received. I
have a detach >sed of the bravest fellows, both officers
and soldiers, *he world. Our return will be commenced this
morning. A our - tiled, I have to deplore the loss of the
brave captai'> r/ieu tenant Waltz., of captain Markle'9
troop of ca% mortally wounded. Their gallant con-
duct shall be . .'after.

with the greatest respect and esteemj

JOHN B. CAMPBELL,

Lt. Col. 19th Reg. U. S. Infantry.

General W. II lain

Comma ■ .amy.

GENE: vl. I . PORTER TO THE PUBLIC.

In week, I promised to give an account of

so - pron iMit transactions of the 28th of November

and Istof D iving since that time, received from gene-

ral - hich, as a man of honor, I am bound to

bel; pursued by him on those days, was such

as >va» reqt i ders and instructions from the Secretary

of V a. nerai u^arborn, this communication will assume
ach. quite different from the one then contemplated. lam

pl< • w:ver, to the public, to give facts, which I shall pro-

ce iout comment; leaving it to time to develope the

obj ilary movements which have appeared to me and

oth »nly extraordinary, but inexplicable.

I »f November there were collected at this point a

•nil t about 4,500 effective men; consisting of. regular

tro York, Pennsylvania, and Baltimore volunteers, all

under the command of general Smyth. There, were lying at the

106

'Navy Yard near Black Rock, which had been nrrviously prepared

for the purpose of transporting the troops a r —

TO public boats calculated to cany 40 men ea - 2800

5 long- boats belonging to individuals, but } .ken

into the public service, calculated to car: i - - 500

10 scows for artillery, and 25 men each - - - 250

3550

besides a number of small boats.

At 2 o'clock on that day, I received a .. ■ ieral Smyth's

order for the march of all the troops, tie 9 , morning at

re\ ellie, to the Navy Yard, to embark , immediately

gave orders for the New York volun ' been placed

under my command, to parade at 4 o'< lock in th ruing at their
encampment about one and a half i he Navy Yard.

In the evening, I learnt that the p >:'ed in general

Smyth's despatch, were to cross tin * lock at night,

to attack the enemy's batteries opp Rock. General

Smyth not being here, I waited onli i is, and suggest

ed to him the propriety (if within th orders) of post-

poning the enterprize until nearly i e as little time

as possible, before the passage of the enemy's troops

to collect from their stations down th landed at three

in the morning, under a severe fire and grape shot

from two pieces of flying artillery. Lai \ngus, with our

little band of sailors, assisted by capl id a few of his

party, attacked the principal force , consisting of

about 100, at the Red House (theseamei . with their pikes

and swords, against muskets and bayoi tied them in all

directions. Captain Dox, who too led part in this

aftair, was severely wounded. Afte ha d destructive en-

gagement, the enemy was complf .• , the two field

pieces spiked, and the house in which t) * pn.rtered

The seamen returned to our shore, I ir ivou i 1

several prisoners. Out of 12 naval • in trkei in this

enterprize, nine of them, with m< tK re

killed or wounded. If bravery be- the era ide of a

country be due to those who gallan i1 • its

rights, the government will make ample and bono . a!>-< -ion

for the heirs of those brave tars who fell on this p .veil

as for those who survived. Captain King proceeded to and

dismount the guns in the batteries. Lieutenant i >lonel B stler
dispersed the enemy lower down the river, ta' nun >er of

prisoners.

By sun-rise in the morning, most of the troop; at the

place of embarkation, and the day was fine, iiii -500 ot

the volunteers who had rallied under general Smyth's invitation,
well armed and provided, and in high spirits ; about 150 more,
who came in the evening before, were at Buft'aloe drawing their
arms and ammunition, with orders to join us as soon as possible. I

107

stationed my men as instructed by general Smyth, in a field at tile
Navy Yard, with directions to wait for further orders. The parties
who had crossed in tlie night, aided by our batteries, which at day -
light opened a powerful and well directed fire, and a piece of light
artillery on the island, under charge of captain Gibson, had driven
every thing from the opposite shore. Colonel Winder, an officer
of great intelligence, zeal and bravery, under the mistaken appre-
hension that the party under lieutenant colonel Boerstler were in
danger of being cut off, made an unsuccessful attempt (though his
own boat landed) to land 250 men ata difficult point down the river,
and had returned as stated by general Smyth. The general em-
barkation now commenced, but it went on so tardily, that at 12
o'clock, the whole of the regular troops, and colonel Swift's regiment,
were not in boats. A considerable number of boats were lying on the
shores of the river and creek, having been thrown up bv the high water
of the preceding day. Several were in the creek half filled with
water and ice. I called on general Smyth and proposed to occupy
part of these boats with my volunteers, many of whom were
impatient to embark. Being, however, at this moment informed
by colonel Porter, that the boats which had been used by colonel
Winder were lying about a mile below, major Chapin and myself,
with about 30 men, went down the shore, brought up five boats,
filled them with men, and arrived at Black Rock, the point at
which it was proposed to put off, as soon as any of the regular
troops. About 2 o'clock, all the troops, which it appeared were
intended to be crossed at first, collected in a group of boats at
Black Rock under the cover of our batteries. I have seen no offi-
cial account of the number of men in the boats. My opinion wras
that the number exceeded 2,000. Most men of observation who
were present, estimated it at 2,600 ; the men were in fine spirits,
and desirous of crossing.

General Tannehill's volunteers, colonel F. M'Clure'9 regiment,
some riflemen, cavalry, &c. amounting to about 2,000, were still
paraded on the shore, and, as 1 am informed, were ready to cross.
Several boats of sufficient capacity to carry about 1000 men, were
still lying at the Navy Yard unoccupied. I have not been able
to learn that any order or request was made for the embarkation
of the troops, other than the regulars, of colonel Swift's regiment.
The enemv, estimated at about 500, were drawn up in a line about
half a mile from the river.

After remaining in the boats till late in the afternoon, an order
was received to disembark. It produced among the officers and
men generally great discontent and murmuring, which was, how-
ever, in some degree allayed by assurances that the expedition
was only postponed for a short time, until our boats could be bet-
ter prepared.

On Sunday another order was issued by general Smyth, for the
march of the troops to the Navy Yard, to embark at 9 o'clock on
Monday morning. I was at Buffaloe when it was received, and
fWnd that it was generally, as to time and manner, disapproved

103

by the officers of the volunteers. I saw general Smyth in the even-
ing at Black Rock, with colonel Winder, and stated my objections
to his plan. The enemy had remounted his guns on the batteries,
so as to render it inexpedient to cross at the favorable point which
had been taken on Saturday, above the island that covers the Navy
Yard. Immediately below the island, the enemy lay in force,
much augmented in consequence of the affair of Saturday, occupy-
ing a line of shore of about a mile, where the current is rapid, and
the banks abrupt. I did not believe it possible to effect a landing
with raw troops, in any tolerable order, if at all, in the face of the
flying artillery and infantry, which a full view of our movements
in the day time would enable them to oppose us. I proposed to
postpone the expedition till night— to march and embark the troops
silently — to put oft' about an hour and a half before day -light, so as
to pass this dangerous line of shore in the dark, when we should
suffer less from their fire, and to land about five miles below the
Navy Yard, where the stream and the banks of the river were pe-
culiarly favourable to a safe and orderly landing. Colonel Win-
der seconded with great earnestness and force, and it was adopted.
The army was to embark at 3 o'clock on Tuesday morning, and
to proceed at half past 4, according to the order of a line of battle
submitted a few days before by general Smyth ; the regulars on
the right, or in the front boat; general Tannehill's troops in the
centre, and the New York volunteers on the left. I was to go in
the front boat with a chosen set of men, direct the landing, and
join the New York volunteers on their arrival.

On Monday evening, seven boats for colonel Swift's regiment,
and eight for the late volunteers, were brought some distance up
the river, and left at different points, to avoid the noise and con-
fusion of embarking the whole army at one place. At half past
3 on Tuesday morning, the eight boats were filled with volunteers
(a corps of which has, on every occasion while on the lines, shown
great exactness of discipline, promptitude and zeal for the service,)
had embarked, and the residue were embarking. Not a man of
the regular infantry was in the boats for about half an hour, when
colonel Winder's regiment entered their boats with great order
and silence.

About three quarters of an hour after this, the remaining regu-
lars commenced the embarkation, when I dropped down to the
front of the line, with a flag in my boat, to designate it as the
leading boat. I was accompanied by majors Cyrenius Chapin,
and John W. Macomb, captain Mills, of the cavalry, adjutant
Chase, and quarter master Chapin, two pilots and about 25 volun-
teers of Buffaloe, under lieutenant Haynes.

I mention the names of these gentlemen, because they had be-
fore decidedly objected to passing at the proposed point by day-
light ; but when day appeared, and one of the men raised some
difficulty on that account, he was induced to remain, and it was
unanimously agreed to incur the additional hazard, and patiently

109

wait the order of the general to put off. At day-light we disco-
vercd the troops disembarking, and were informed that the inva-
sion of Canada had been abandoned for this season, and that the
troops were ordered to winter quarters. A scene of confusion
endued, which it is difficult to describe — about 4000 men, without
order or restraint, discharging their muskets in every direction.

About 1000 volunteers came in under general Smyth's procla-
mation, but ow ing to the state of the roads, which was bad beyond
example, many did not arrive until after the 1st of December.

It is impossible for me to form any estimate of the number of
troops embarked at any tune this morning; it was yet scarcely
lijdit, and I was at one end of a line of beats occupying a distance
of half a mile. When the volunteers first arrived at the navy
yard, and it was found that the regular troops had not yet ap-
peared, their officers were instructed to permit them to land and
keep themselves warm bj exercise, as the boats were covered with
snow which had fallen during the night ; but they were instructed
not to leave the side of the boats, that they might immediately

re-enter.

PETER B. PORTER,

Black Hock, December 11, 1812.

HEAD QUARTERS, FRANKLINTON,

January 3d, 1813.

SIR,

I have the honour to enclose you, herewith, the official report
of lieutenant colonel Campbell, of his expedition against the
Misaissinewaj towns, of the '25th ultimo, and 1st instant. I am
entirely satisfied with the colonel's conduct, and beg leave to re-
commend him, major Ball, and the rest of the officers and soldiers
of the detachment, who were fortunate enough to have an oppor-
tunity of distinguishing themselves, to the notice of the president.
I will venture to predict that colonel Campbell's future career
will support the character he has obtained in the commencement
of his military service. Major Ball, my friend and associate in
general Wayne's army, would do honour ,to any service. Lieu-
tenant colonel Simral deserves great credit for the excellent dis-
cipline of his regiment, which perhaps equals that of any other
regiment of light dragoons on the continent. The character of
major M'Dowell has long been established in Kentucky for intre-
piditv. At an age when most men retire to the enjoyment of ease,
this hardy veteran solicits every post of difficulty, fatigue and
danger, with the ardour of a youthful warrior. The conduct ot
the other officers is so particularly described by colonel Campbell,
that it is unnecessary for me to repeat them. Knowing each
individual, I heartly accord in the sentiments he has expressed ol
their merits. There is, however, a circumstance which colonel
Campbell has neglected to mention, that is so honourable to a yoHnj

110

hero, now no more, as well as to the army, that I cannot pass it
over. Major M'Dowell, captain Trotter, and captain Kile, have
all informed me that lieutenant Waltz, of captain Markle's troop
of volunteer dragoons, like the gallant Spencer, could not be
brought to leave his post, after having received two wpunds, one
of which shattered his arm. In this situation he was moving his
horse to make a charge when a ball passed through his head. In
short, sir, the whole detachment have redeemed a solemn pledge
given to me at the moment of their departure, that they would
obey their officers and support the character of American soldiers.

I have the honour to be yours, &c.

WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON.

Honourable James Monroe,

acting Secretary of War.

(inclosure.)

FORT GREENVILLE, December 25th, 1812.

1 left this place on my march out, on the 14th, with 600 rank
and file, which number was reduced on my march by the return
of some who became sick. My first order of march was in five
columns, colonel SimraPs regiment in two on the left, the infantry
in one on the centre, and major Ball's squadron in two on the
right. There were also strong front, rear, and flank guards, who
marched at a distance from the columns of from two to four hun-
dred yards, as the ground would permit.

From the flank guards I ordered small parties occasionally to
examine the country to the right and left, and report to me whe-
ther they had made any discoveries. My encampments were in
a square form, covering ground sufficient to embrace the horses
within the first line of fires, without being crowded. I had a se-
cond line of fires made around the camp at the distance of sixty
yards, outside of which, and opposite to each angle of the camp,
a redoubt was constructed, in which the guards were placed. Thr
want of axes prevented me from making the outer fires and con-
structing the redoubts as well as I wished. I had one-third of
the men on guard every night, and formed a chain of sentinels
around the camp so close that the enemy could not possibly pene-
trate without being discovered. At day-light each morning 1 sent
out parties to patrole it at a considerable distance from camp. I
found it necessary in a day or two to vary my order of march,
and directed the infantry and riflemen to march in two columns,
one on each side of the road. The pack horses and baggage, as
also the detachment staff, in the road between them. Major Bail's
squadron in four columns, on the right, and colonel SimraPs regi
ment in four on the left. The flank columns served as guards.

Ill

In this way I found T marched with more ease. I then dispensed
with the taps of the drum and sound of die trumpet, which in my
hr-i order of march was necessary. 1 further ordered that if an
atti ck was made on the march and in front, the troops would im-
mediately form in order ot' battle by filing up on the left and
dressing by the front of columns ; if on either flank, the flank
column would face outwards and make resistance until reinforced;
if m the i ar, the rear guard would face to the right-about and
make resistance, whilst the other columns would file up, and
wheeling to the right-about, form in succession on the left in line,
tin- officers leading columns taking especial care to march at suf-
ficient distances From each other, to form in line in open order,
dressing by the centre. If the attack was made in camp, the
troops would immediately form in the rear of their fires, which
would be extinguished as soon as possible, by throwing it out in
front. I ordered the guards, if attacked, to stand their ground as
long as possible, and thou retreat through the angle of the camp
nearest them, then form, defend the angle if attacked, if not, to wait
for orders. These formed my disposable force. The weather,
though cold, and the snow deep, was however well calculated to
favor our enterprise, and I determined to make forced inarches to
avoid if possible a discovery. On the inarch I occasionally form-
ed in order of battle to accustom the troops to it. They formed
with the utmost celerity and in good order. The first two days
I marched forty miles — the third day 1 pushed the troops as much
as they could bear, marched the whole night, although excessively
cold, stopping twice to refresh and warm. This day and night we
marched forty miles. Early in the morning of the 17th, I reached,
undiscovered", an Indian town on the Mississineway, inhabited by a
mixture of Delaware's and Miamies. The troops rushed into the
town — killed eight warriors and took forty-two prisoners, eight
of whom are warriors, the residue women and children. I ordered
the town to be immediately burnt, a house or two excepted, in
which 1 confined the prisoners ; and I ordered the cattle and other
stock to be shot. 1 then left the infantry to guard the prisoners,
and with SimraPs and Ball's dragoons, advanced to some Mia i
villages, a few miles lower down the Mississineway, but found
them evacuated by all but a sick squaw, whom we left in her
house. I burnt on this excursion three considerable villages, took
several horses, and killed a great many cattle, and returned to the
town I first burnt, where 1 had left the prisoners and encamped.
Mv camp was in the usual form, but covered more ground than
common. The infantry and riflemen were on the front line, cap-
tain Elliott's company on the right, Buttler's in the centre, and
Alexander's on the left. Major Ball's squadron occupied the right
and one half of the rear line, colonel Simral's regiment the left
and other half of the rear line. Between Bail's right and Simral's
left, there was an interval which had not been filled up, owing to
the unusual extent of ground the camp embraced it having been

112

laid off in my absence to the lower towns. I now began to deli-
berate on our jfuture movements, whether to go on further encum-
bered with prisoners, the men much fatigued, and a great many
severely frost bitten, horses suffering from the want of forage, which
was very partially relieved by the scanty supplies of corn obtained
jn the towns, or return. I determined to convene the held officers
and captains of the detachment to consult, and then to take such a
course as my own judgment might approve. At four in the morn*
ing of the 8th, I ordered to be beaten the revcllie, and the officers
convened at my fire a short time afterwards. AMiilst we were in
council, and about half an hour before day, my camp was most furi-
ously attacked by a large party of Indians, preceded by, and ac-
companied with, a most hideous yell. This immediately broke up
the council, and every man ran to his post. The attack commenced
upon that angle of the camp formed by the left of captain Hopkin's
troop and the right of captain Garrard, but in a few seconds be-
came general from the extremes of the right to the left of Ball's
squadron. The enemy boldly advanced to within a few yards of the
lines and seemed determined to rush in. The guards posted at the
different redoubts returned into camp and dispersed among their se-
veral companies, this leaving me without a disposable force. Captain
Smith, of the Kentucky light dragroons, who commanded at one of
the redoubts, in a handsome and military manner, kept his position
until ordered in to fill up the interval in the rear linebetween the
regiment and squadron. The redoubt at which captain Pierce
commanded, was first attacked. The captain maintained his
position until it was too late to get within the lines. He received
two balls through his body and was tomahawked. He died brave-
ly, and much lamented. The enemy then took possession of
captain Pierce's redoubt, and poured in a tremendous fire upon
the angle, to the right and left of which were posted, Hopkins' and
Garrard's troops. But the fire was as warmly returned ; not an
inch of ground was yielded. Every man, officer, and soldier,
stood firm, and animated and encouraged each other. The ene-
my's fire became warm on the left of the squadron at which captain
Markle's troop was posted, and the right of Elliott's company,
which, with Markle's, formed an angle of the camp, was severely
annoyed by the enemy's fire. 1 had assisted in forming the infantry,
composed of Elliott's company of the 19th United States' regiment,
Buttler's Pittsburgh blues, and Alexander's Pennsylvania riflemen,
and ordered them to advance to the brink of a declivity from which
they could effectually defend themselves and harrass the enemy,
if they should attempt an attack on that line. This however they
thought proper to omit. Whilst I was thus engaged, Major Ball
rode up to me and observed, he was hard pushed and must be re->
lieved. I galloped immediately to the left wing with an intention
of ordering captain Trotter's troop to reinforce the squadron, but
was there informed that the enemy were seen approaching in
that direction, and believing it improper on second thoughts to

113

detach so large a troop from the line, which also covered an angle
of the camp. I determined to give the relief from the infantry.
I wheeled my horse and met major M'Dowell, who observed that
ilic spies and guides under the command of captain Paterson
Bain, consisting of ten men, were unemployed. We rode there
together, and ordered captain Bain to the support of the squadron.
Beven of them, to wit: James Audrain, William Conner, Silas
M'Cullough, James Thompson, James Naggs, John Ruland, and
Joseph Gr. M'Clelland, followed their brave leader and rendered
mo>t effectual assistance. I then ordered captain Buttler with
the Pittsburgh blues to repair immediately to reinforce the squa-
dron, and directed captains Elliott and Alexander to extend to the
ri^iit and left, and till the interval occasioned by the withdrawal
of the blues. Captain Buttler, in a most gallant manner and
highly worthy of the name he bears, formed his men immediately
in excellent order, and inarched them to the point to which he was
ordered. The alacrity with which they formed and moved was
never excelled by any troops on earth. Hopkins made room for
them by extending his troop to the right. The blues were scarce-
ly at the post assigned them, before I discovered the effects
thev produced. A well directed fire from them and Hopkins's
dragoons nearlv silenced the enemy in that quarter. They moved
in force to the left of the squadron, and right of the infantry at
which captains Markles and Elliott's companies were posted.
Here again they were warmly received. Lieutenant Guynne and
ensign Battea'l Harrison boldly stood their ground, and tired
obliquely on the enemy. Those two young officers in a particular
manner signalized themselves and shed a lustre on the 19th.
Captain Elliott and lieutenant Campbell were on the left of the
company and were not engaged. Serjeant Levitt, quarter master
serjeant to the 19th United States' regiment, deserves particular
notice for his bravery. At this time day-light began to dawn.
I then ordered captain Trotter, whose troop had been ordered by
colonel Simral to mount for the purpose, to make a charge. The
captain cried out to his men to follow him, and they tilted off at
full gallop. Captain Trotter's first lieutenant with eighteen of
the men were on guard. Lieutenant Trotter, cornet Dishman,
and the residue of the troop, together with lieutenant Hobson and
four men of Elmore's troop, doctor Moore and a few other gentle-
men, including Mr. Thomas Moore, my private secretary, ad-
vanced gallantly, and charged a numerous body of the enemy.
Major M'Dowell, with a small party, rushed into the midst of the
enemy and exposed himself very much. I cannot say too much
for this gallant veteran. Captain Markle, with about fifteen of his
troop, and lieutenant Warrens, also made a daring charge upon
the enemy. Captain Markle avenged the death of his relation,
lieutenant Waltz, upon an Indian with his own sword. Captain
Trotter and his troop, captain Markle and his little band, per-
formed a most dangerous duty in the bravest manner. Captain

114

Trotter mentions to me as worthy of particular notice, Robert
Mitchell, a wagoner who had volunteered for the expedition.
Christian Willman, trumpeter to colonel Simral's regiment, who
blew two charges and hewed down an Indian with his sword.
William Montgomery, Serjeant major to the regiment of Ken-
tucky light dragoons, was in the charge and distinguished himself,
as well as in the skirmish the day before. In this charge, captain
Trotter was wounded slightly, corporal Riddle shot through the
body, David Stule wounded in the thigh slightly, and the brave
Piatt received his mortal wound, being shot through the body and
hand. Fearing that captain Trotter might be too hard pressed,
I ordered captain Johnson, of the Kentucky light dragoons, to
advance with his troop to support him. I found Johnson ready ;
and colonel Simral reports to me that all his other captains, to
wit : Elmore, Young and Smith, were anxious to join in the charge.
But I called for only one troop. The colonel had the whole in
excellent order. Captain Johnson did not join Trotter until the
enemy was out of reach. He however picked up a straggler or
two that Trotter had passed over. The cavalry returned and
informed me the enemy had fled precipitately. I have on this
occasion to lament the loss of several brave men, and a great
many wounded ; among the former, are captain Pierce of the Ohio
volunteers, and lieutenant Waltz, of Markle's troop. From the
enclosed list you will see the names and numbers of the killed
and wounded. Eight being killed and forty-eight wounded, two
of whom are since dead. The enemy paid dearly for their teme-
rity. From the trails through the snow, and those found dead,
we could not have killed less than thirty, which with those killed
the day before, amounts to thirty-eight. The enemy did not take
a scalp. The Indian who killed captain Pierce, attempted to
scalp him, but was killed. Major Ball informs me that he can
say with confidence, that there never were officers and soldiers
who displayed more cool, firm, and soldierly conduct, than those
of his squadron

The zeal, activity and courage displayed by captain Hopkins
and his officers, (captain M'Clelland and cornet Herod, of the
Pennsylvania volunteers, having been attached to him) did not
fail to arrest his attention, and met his fullest approbation. Lieu-
tenant Hedges received a slight wound on the nose. Captain
Garrard's troop sustained the action at that point where it raged
with greater violence for some time after its commencement, than
at any other (except upon the left) with the firmness of veterans ;
while the officers were unceasingly employed in stimulating and
encouraging their men. Lieutenant Basey and Hickman were
both wounded early, but performed their duty in the line to the
close of the action. Cornet M'Clanahan, quarter master to the
detachment, was equally active in the line with the other officers
of the troop. Quarter master Serjeant Strother J. Hawkins, who
had no other fire arms, loaded and fired his pistol several times at

115

the enemy, and many others similarly situated, used their pistols
as fast as they could load them.

Young Mr. Baylor placed himself a little in front of the line
and fought bravely during the action. Lieutenant Warren's and
cornet Lee's detachments behaved with great firmness and used
their pistols and carabines to the best advantage. Cornet Grear
(of Warren's) was wounded in the arm, but remained some time
afterwards in the line. Captain Markle's troop, as I have before
stated, was situated upon the left of the squadron and most sorely
galled. Lieutenant Waltz fell most gallantly. There never were
men who sustained so heavy an action with more firmness; but
one sentiment pervaded the whole, and victory or death was most
obstinately determined upon. Colonel Simral's regiment, although
not engaged, with the exception of Trotter's troop, were all ready
and panting to engage. The colonel deserves the highest applause
tor his excellent disposition during the action, and for his cool,
firm, and deliberate conduct. To major Ball the greatest praise
is due for his bravery and activity during the action. No man
could have done more. He informs he was greatly aided through-
out the progress of the action by the exertions of lieutenant and
adjutant Fullerton, and serjeant major Edwards. I must now
mention in the highest terms of approbation, lieutenant Payne, of
the Kentucky light dragoons, who acted as my adjutant on the
expedition, for his great activity, attention to duty, and gallantry
during the action. He rendered the most essential services. My
extra adjutant, captain Hite, was very active and as brave as a
lion. I always found him ready for any service I had for him to

perform. Captain of the Ohio volunteers, marched with

me from this place as a private in the ranks, and in the action
killed an Indian. He deserves my particular notice. Captain
Alexander, witli his riflemen, were on the'left of the front line,
and not engaged, but were all ready if an opportunity had
offered. Beverly Brown and Thomas Bedford, of captain Gar-
rard's troop, and Francis Lousong, of the blues, were killed fight-
ing bravelv in exposed situations. I have now, my dear sir,
detailed to vou the particulars of an engagement bravely fought,
and victorv gloriously won, after contending most warmly for at
least an hour. From the length of our line simultaneously at-
tacked by them, 1 am persuaded there could not have been less
than 300 of the enemy. They fought most bravely. My strength
•n the morning of the action was about 590 rank and file, a consi-
derable proportion of whom, amounting to at least forty or fifty,
were almost rendered unfit for duty by the severity of the weather.
Some were so badly frost-bitten as to be scarcely able to w alk.
There never was severer service performed by any troops, and
yet there is not a murmur. Reports made to me yesterday
morning informs of 303, who are so severely frost-bitten as to be
entirely unfit for duty. On my march back I was compelled to
move slowly on account of the wounded, 17 ef whom we had to

116

tarry on litters. I kept the troops always ready to meet an
attack which I daily and nightly expected, until I reached this
place. I fortified my camp every night by a breast work, which
Kept us very busily engaged. The scarcity of axes was now
most sensibly felt. I have informed you how I advanced into the
enemy's country. My return was much in the same manner. I
determined to be always ready, to avoid surprises and falling into
ambuscades. I assure you the responsibility attached to this
command I most seriously felt. Being young in service and
inexperienced I felt great diffidence in accepting this command.
I however hope my conduct will meet your approbation. I shall
hasten to join you, but it will take the troops some time to recruit
and heal. Some will lose their toes; others' feet are so swollen
as not to be able to put on their shoes. The night march was
most severe upon them.

I met major Adams with 95 men on my return, about forty miles
from this place, with a supply of provisions. This came most
seasonably. Some companies were entirely without. Hopkins's
had eat nothing for three days. That night I should have order-
ed a horse to be killed. The greatest praise is due major Adams
for his promptitude in relieving us. My express arrived here on
Saturday evening, and he started on Sunday morning. The
next day I met colonel Holt, from Dayton, with additional sup-
plies. Through the whole of this expedition we were certainly
favoured by Divine Providence. The weather, though severe, was
favourable to the enterprize. The snow enabled us to ascertain
whether we were discovered. The moon gave light all the night,
and on our return the water courses were blocked up by ice ; there
was not a drop of rain. Such a concatination of favourable cir-
cumstances rarelv happens. The Indian prisoners I will send oft*
to-morrow to Piqua to the care of Mr. Johnson, escorted by an
officer and 20 troops from this place. The few lines I wrote you
from the battle ground I find in some particulars to be incorrect,
not having at that time full reports of the wounded. My prisoners
are also more than I then represented. I think, sir, that you may
assure the government that the battle of Mississineway was not
badly fought, and that the enemy suffered severely. That the
troops deserve well of their country, and their losses ought to be
compensated. The number of horses killed were considerable,
and I have no doubt they saved the lives of a great many men.
I hope to overtake you before Maiden falls.

I have learned >ince my return that general Hopkins had re-
turned to Vmcennes after burning some Indian villages, and
driving them, supposed to be 300 in number, up the Wabash. This
st ill made my -ituation more perilous, and 1 shall not be surprised
to learn that Tecumseh commanded in the action against me.
Let him be who he may he was a gallant fellow, and manouveied
well. Conner thinks it was Little Thunder (nephew to the Little
Turtle) from his loud voice, which he knew. He heard him

117

ordering bis men in the Miami language to rush on, that they
would soon retreat. I think, sir, the Kentucky cavalry will
scarcely be in a situation to render you much more service. Their
loM« in horses are considerable, and one hundred and thirty-eight
fast bitten severely. They are fine fellows with a few exceptions,
and as brave as any men in the world. Captain Prince is here
verv sick, and was unable to get on with us ; this was to me a
great los

I am, sir, very respectfully, &c.

JOHN B. CAMPBELL,

Lieut. Col. 19th U. S. regiment.
His Excellency

Gen. William Henry Harrison,

Commander in chief N. W. army.

In the battle of the 18th, and skirmish of the 17th, were killed 10, —
wounded 48.

(iNCLOSURE.)

DAYTON, January 1st, 1813.
My dear sir,

In my report to vou of the 25th ultimo, from fort Greenville,
I omitted to notice aome circumstances and individuals, inadvert-
antly, which and who are a- highly worthy of notice, as most ol
those I have already detailed. 1 must, therefore, in the most spe-
cial manner, mention Mr. James Bradshaw, captain Lewis Hite,
and Mr. Silas M'Culloii<jh, whe tendered their services to me on
the battle ground, to cany intelligence to Greenville of our situa-
tion, and request a reinforcement of men, and a supply of provi-
sions. This dangerous and fatiguing service they performed in the
most prompt and expeditious manner. In twenty-two hours they
travelled upwards of eighty miles without resting, except a few
minutes, twice to feed their horses, and reached Greenville worn
down with fatigue. At Greenville, in assisting to foi ward supplies,
their conduct merits the highest praise. I must also mention by name,
lieutenants Magee and lrvin.of the Pittsburg blues, whose cool de-
liberate braverv was observed amidst the hottest fire of the enemy,
and I regret extremely that those young gentlemen who highly
merited distinction, should have been pretermitted in my first report.

I made a mistake in statins: that captain was abandoned

by half his guard ; only one or two went in for part of their arms,
whilst the rest remained with their companions, and upon enquiry,
were found to have behaved well. Captain Smith was aided in his
excellent disposition at the redoubt he commanded, by lieutenants

Adams and Fishel, whose names and bravery are synonimous terms.

\djutant Guv and quarter master Hite, "of the Kentucky light

11$

dragoons, are two fine young men, and were actually employed on
the morning of the battle.

I am, sir, with great respect, yours, &c.
JOHN B. CAMPBELL, *

Lieut. Col. 19th U. S. regiment.
His excellency Gen. Harrison.

UNITED STATES' FRIGATE CONSTITUTION,

St. Salvador, January 3d, 1813.

SIR,

I have the honour to inform you, that on the 29th ultimo, at
2 P. M. in south latitude 13,06, and west longitude 38, 10 leagues
distance from the coast of Brazils, I fell in with and captured his
Britannic majesty's frigate Java, of 49 guns, and upwards of 400
men, commanded by captain Lambert, a very distinguished officer.
The action lasted one hour and fifty -five minutes, in which time
the enemy was completely dismasted, not having a spar of any
kind standing. The loss on board the Constitution, was nine
killed and 25 wounded, as per enclosed list. The enemy had 60
killed and 101 wounded, certainly, (among the latter — captain
Lambert, mortally) but by the enclosed letter, written on board
the ship, (by one of the officers of the Java) and accidentally found,
it is evident that the enemy's woundea must have been much
greater than as above stated, and who must have died of their
wounds previously to their being removed. The letter states 6fr
killed and 170 wounded.

For further details of the action, I beg leave to refer you to the
enclosed extracts from my journal. The Java had in addition to
her own crew upwards of one hundred supernumerary officers
and seamen, to join the British ships of war in the East Indies :
also, lieutenant general Hislop, appointed to the command of
Bombay, major Walker and captain Wood, of his staff", and cap-
tain Marshall, master and commander in the British navy, going
to the East Indies to take command of a sloop of war there.

Should I attempt to do justice, by representation, to the brave
and good conduct of all my officers and crew, during the action,
I should fail in the attempt ; therefore, suffice it to say, that the
whole of their conduct was such as to merit my highest enco
miums. I beg leave to recommend the officers particularly to the
notice of government, as also the unfortunate seamen who were
wounded, and the families of those men who fell in the action.

The great distance from our own coast, and the perfect wreck
we made the enemy's frigate, forbid every idea of attempting to
take her to the United States; and not considering it prudent t«
trust her into a port of Brazils, particularly St. Salvador, as you
will perceive by the enclosed letters, No. 1, 2 and 3, 1 had no
alternative but burning her, which I did on the 31st ultimo, after

119

receiving all the prisoners and their baggage, which was very te^
dious work, only having one boat left (out of eight) and not one
left on board the Java.

On blowing uj) the frigate Java, I proceeded to this place, where
I have landed all the prisoners on their parole, to return to Eng-
land, and there remain until regularly exchanged, and not serve
in their professional capacities in any place or in any manner
whatever, against the United States of America, until the ex-
change shall be effected.

I have the honour to be, &c.

W. BAINBRIDGE.
The Secretary of the Navy.

ALBANY, January 5th, 1813.
Esteemed sir,

I deem it a duty I owe to you and to myself, to state in
detail the conduct of my command in the expedition against
Queenstown, Upper Canada, on the 13th of October last, which
I now readily embrace, having been informed last evening that I
was exchanged.

1 arrived at the old encampment, Lew stown, on the morning of
the 13th of October, between 4 and 5 o'clock from fort Niagara,
with—

Captains Machesny and Nelson, > 6th reg. Infantry.

Lieutenants Wendell and Buck, 5

Captain Morris, Lieutenants Turner and Phelps, ISth do.
Lieutenants Clark, M'Carty and Whiting, 23d do.

Lieutenant Bayly, of the 3d regiment United States' artillery,
acting adjutant, and 250 non-commissioned officers and privates,
all in high spirits and anxious for the field. I reported and received
orders to repair to the old French ferry, and was there informed
that there were no boats. Lieutenant colonels Fenwick and Chris-
tie had a short conversation at the ferry, and I was ordered by the
former to " countermarch my men." At this time, firing com-
menced at Queenstow n, and a cry of help ! help ! reinforcement !
reinforcement ! was heard from our advanced party. I was at this
moment informed that there were a few boats, but neither boatmen
nor pilots. I immediately repaired to the river, and in marching
tow aids the shore, one of my best officers, captain Nelson, received
a musket ball, at the head of his company, in the abdomen, which
caused his death. The enemy directed an incessant and heav_)
fire of grape and canister from their batteries, and a steady street
firing from their muskets towards the ferry, to prevent our embark-
ation ; notwithstanding, I persisted, followed by my brave men,
under the most discouraging auspices. Three boats were imme-
diately filled; colonel Fenwick gallantly embarked in the third
boat. On finding the enemy's fire extremely galling, T commenced

120

a brisk tire from my boat in order to divest my men from the fire
of the enemy, which had an excellent effect, and our dropping
down the river, by the rapidity of the current, was taken for a man-
ouvre to effect a landing below the town, for the purpose of storming
the north battery and of attacking the enemy from the rear. At
this moment, the enemy then engaged with the storming party, broke
in disorder, when general Brock, endeavouring to rally them, was
killed, and his aid mortally wounded. In the retreat of the enemy,
lieutenant colonel Fenwick and all in his boat* were made pri-
soners, also lieutenant Clarke, and about forty men. I must inevi-
tably have shared the same fate, did I not hazard re-crossing under
all their fire, and which I effected without losing a man. I seized
the boat that drifted from colonel Fenwick's party, put some of
my wounded into it with five volunteers, who declared, desperate
as the alternative was, they should not surrender — four of whom
were my own men, and the fifth a doctor Lawson, of Philadelphia,
a truly brave man, met accidentally on the shore. By this time,
captain Machesny, gaining experience by my misfortune, effected
a landing higher up the river and ascended the heights of Queens-
town in time to secure the victory obtained by the valour of the
storming party. On my arrival at Lewistown, I ordered a Ser-
jeant to collect such of the detachment as did not previously
cross. I repaired to fort Gray and informed lieutenant Rees, of the
3d artillery, who commanded there, that his shot was lost for want
of elevation. I returned and re-crossed with 25 men. On my
arrival at the first battery, I was informed that a number of my
men were still at Lewistown. I crossed again in search of an of-
ficer to collect them, found one, gave him necessary orders, and
had the honour of accompanying you, sir, being the fifth time I
passed over that river that day. 1 then took a command in the
engagement against the Indians and militia, whom we drove into
the woods, a service which was repeated preparatory to the ar-
rival of the British reinforcement. Our men were paraded;
lieutenant colonel Christie had sixty in his division, and I had
sixty-five in mine, with 117 militia, officers included; we had
captain Gibson and one piece of ordnance witli nine rounds for
it. This was our whole force, and commanded by colonel Scott;
when the enemy very cautiously approached us with upwards of
2000 men and a train of artillery.

I shall ever look back with pleasure to the firmness and patri-
otic devotion exhibited at that moment by our little force ; near
half my men were in coloured clothes — mere recruits, yet their
conduct would do honour to veterans, and from that day I date
the superior excellence of our military materials. Satisfied that
you are already acquainted with the remainder of that day's
transactions at Queenstown, I will only state that my detach -

* The boat in which 1 embarked had the bow shot away in crossing1, an«L
was nearly full of water as we got on shore.

121

ment braved every tiling : that lieutenant Bayly merited honour-
able notice; he accompanied me in the boat and humanely stayed by
a wounded officer (lieutenant Sweeny, of captain Doxe's volunteers)
on the Canada shore, and was made a prisoner early. To captain
Machesny, of the 6th regiment infantry, lieutenants Clarke and
M'Carty of the 23d, lieutenants Turner* and Phelps, of the 13th, I
fee! grateful for their valuable support. Captain Morris having re-
turned early to Lewistown with some prisoners, was engaged
there the remainder of the day, and lieutenants Wendell and
Wliiting were left to collect such of the detachment as were
missing and in charge of public stores I cannot, in justice to
my brave detachment, close this communication without expressing
my astonishment at the omission of its arduous duties in your
official detail of that day: although indifferent as to myself (satis-
fied that I will yet have justice done when the scenes of that en-
terprise are better known) many of my officers merited a full
share of public notice, and from my knowledge of you, sir, to the
want of correct information alone, I ascribe the omission.

I have the honour to be yours, &c.

J. R. MULL ANY,
Major '25(1 regt. Infantry.
To Major general

Stephen Van Hcnsselaer, Albany.

ALBANY, January 23d, 1813.
DEAR SIR,

I sincerely regret that you and the officers under your
immediate command have not been represented to the commander
in chief, which, from the statement you have made, their gallantry
merits.

It certainly was my desire that ample justice should have been
done to every individual under my command, and more especially
yourself, for whom I entertain the highest respect as a military
man.

The want of correct information, owing to your having been
made a prisoner, and lieutenant colonel Fenwick dangerously
wounded, induced me, before I left the army, to recpiest brigadier
general Smyth to mention to general Dearborn such officers as
had been omitted by me in my official despatch, in a manner their
conduct deserved. 'This duty, I presume, has been performed.

With great respect, &c.
S. VAN RENSSELAER.

Major Mullany.

* Lieutenant Turner was made a prisoner earl}', and was afterwards re-
taken.

122

HEAD QUARTERS, PORTAGE RIVER,

15 miles from Miami Rapids, January 24th, 181J.

SIR,

It is with the deepest regret that I have to inform you,
that the detachment under general Winchester has been entirely
destroyed by an Indian and British force, on the morning of the
2£d instant, at the river Raisin. About 12 o'clock on that day I
was informed at the Rapids, by a messenger from an officer who
was marching to reinforce general Winchester, that the general
had been attacked that morning, and that the Frenchman who
brought this intelligence, supposed that our troops were retreating.
I had then with me a regiment of Ohio militia, about three
hundred and fifty strong. Two detachments were on the way to
join general Winchester, but had taken different roads. One or
two hundred Ohio troops were marching on the edge ot the lake,
and the other three hundred strong were pursuing Hull's road.
Leaving direction for the regiment in camp to follow me, I pro-
ceeded on and overtook the detachment of Kentucky troops in
about five miles. Additional information was now received. The
French citizens were flying in considerable numbers in carryalls
upon the ice, and about 3 o'clock some of the fugitives began to
arrive. All agreed that the defeat was total and complete — that
the troops were nearly all surrounded and cut oft", or taken by 7
o'clock — that general Winchester was seen retiring a few miles
from the river Raisin along Hull's trace, with a few men and two
or three officers, all of whom were entirely exhausted — that they
were pursued by Indians on horse back, who were constantly thin-
ning their numbers by firing upon them, and that our men were
unable to resist, as almost all of them had thrown away their
arms. 1 could not hesitate as to the propriety of hurrying to
their assistance as, long as there was a possibility of being able
to afford any ; but I was much embarrassed in the choice of the
- roads which it was proper to take ; that upon the ice, would afford
the most easy and expeditious march, and that route, major Col-
grove, with the battalion before mentioned, had taken. On the
contrary, all the accounts agreed that general Winchester had
taken the land road, but in a short time, from the fugitives who
began to drop in, 1 learnt that general Winchester and the forty
or fifty men who were with him were all cut of, a few excepted,
who had taken off to the margin of the lake ; and from those
who were last from the scene of action, 1 learnt that all resistance
upon the part of the troops that had remained there, had ceased
before 3 o'clock. The question then to be determined, was,
whether it would be proper to advance to the scene of action or
not. The force with me, when joined by colonel Grove's bat-
talion, would amount to nearly nine hundred men. This batta-
lion had made a forced march of twelve miles the morning of the
action, and had arrived within about 15 miles of the river Raisin,
when the major received such certain information of the total

123

defeat of the troops, that he had thought proper to return, and'
was then within a few miles of us. General Payne, general
Perkins, and all the field officers were consulted, and it was
unanimously determined, that as there could be no doubt of the
total defeat of general Winchester, there was no motive that
could authorize an immediate advance, but that of attacking the
enemy, who were reported to be greatly superior in numbers,
and were certainly well provided with artillery ; that after a
forced march of thirty-two miles (the distance from our then
position from the river Raisin) the troops would be too much ex-
hausted to encounter the enemy ; that colonel Grove's battalion,
from having already marched twenty-five miles that day, would be
unable to accompany us. It was therefore determined to return
to camp with the troops, but large detachments of the most large
and vigorous men were sent along the different routes to assist
and bring in the fugitives. I had despatched colonel Wells
early in the evening in a carryall to procure intelligence. He
progressed within twelve miles of the scene of action and re-=
turned about 9 o'clock. A council of war was then called, con
sisting of the general and field officers, and two questions sub-
mitted to them, viz.: whether it was probable that the enemy
would attack us in our then situation, and if they did, could we
resist them with effect ?

At this council, major M'Clanehan, of the Kentucky volun-
teers, who escaped from the action, assisted. He was of opinion,
that there were from sixteen hundred to two thousand British
and Indians opposed to our troops, and that they had six pieces
of artillery, principally howitzers. It was the unanimous opinion
of the council, that under all circumstances it would be proper to
return a short distance upon this road which the artillery and
reinforcements were approaching; for should we be able to main-
tain our camp, by getting in our rear the enemy would defeat our
troops in detail, in spite of all the efforts we could make, and would
take the all important convoy of artillery and stores coining from
Upper Sandusky. The march to this place was accordingly
made yesterday ; where I shall wait for the artillery and a de-
tachment under general Leftwich. I hope in a few days again to
be at the Rapids. With respect to the disaster that has hap-
pened, and ihe cause which has produced it, it is proper that I
should say, that the movement which led to it, was not only
without my knowledge or consent, but entirely at variance with
the instructions that I had given to general Winchester. As
soon as I was informed that it had been made, every effort in my
power was used to increase their strength. Three hundred men
more than the general had asked for, were on their march to join
him. As his situation enabled him to obtain the most correct in-
formation of the strength and position of the enemy, I could not
doubt of his having obtained if. In justice to general Winchester,
however, it is my duty to observe that I have understood that the

124

detachment under colonel Levus was made, at the earnest solicit
tations of his officers, and perhaps contrary to his judgment.
However deeply to be lamented, sir, the destruction of the de-
tachment under general Winchester may be as a national calamity,
and as it regards the families of the valuable individuals who
have fallen, it has by no means destroyed my hopes of success
with regard to the accomplishment of the principal objects of the
campaign, unless the weather should be uncommonly unfavourable.
I shall return to the Rapids in a few days with a force consider-
ably superior to any that the enemy can collect in the upper dis-
trict of Canada. I can discover no despondence amongst the
troops that are with me, and I trust that something may yet be
done to compensate us for the hardships and difficulties winch we
every moment sustain.

The account given by major M'Clanehan and captain Groves,
of the action of the 22ti, is that the enemy commenced just after
revellie to throw shells amongst our troops before the officers and
men had risen from their beds. They were however formed, but
very inconveniently posted, and being entirely surrounded, they
were taken in twenty minutes. The general endeavoured to
rallv them after they had passed the river, but without effect.
Fortv or fifty with the general broke through in that direction,
but from the depth of the snow those on foot were soon exhausted,
and were in a short distance overtaken by the Indians. The
general frequently attempted to form them to oppose the Indians,
but his efforts were ineffectual. I am unable to say what are the
proportion of the killed and prisoners. Some of the Frenchmen
whom I have seen, assert that five hundred were killed ; others,
eight. I am still, however, in hopes that the greater part are
prisoners. I have seen one man who asserts that he saw general
Winchester killed, scalped, and his bowels taken out. Such are
the allies of a power which boasts its attainments in every art
and science, and such tiie war associates of British officers who
claim distinction for their nice feelings and delicate sense of
honour.

I have the honour to be, &c.

WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON.

But 2 officers and 25 or 30 privates have readied my camp from the battle
of the river liaisin.

Honourable James Monroe-,

acting .Secretary of War.

OTTER CREEK, January 12th, 1813.

SIR,

I have taken the liberty to send per express to inform you
that the enemy are apprized* of your being at the Rapids, and
have removed all the friends of our government to Maiden prison.

125

and at present we arc beset with spies. I expect the guard to
search for me every moment. I have, agreeably to my orders
from Mr. Shields, your acting contractor, engaged fifty barrels of
Hour, and two hundred bushels of wheat. If you, sir, see proper
to send a detachment of cavalry and riflemen, with arms and
ammunition for thirty men for this place, we can secure, it is sup-
posed, three thousand barrels of flour and a great quantity of
corn and wheat. There are but forty or fifty soldiers garrisoned
at the river Raisin, and not one hundred savages; there is not
one thousand English, French, and savages at Maiden.

If you do not come to-morrow or the next day, you will not
find a man at this place. The English are collecting all the
savages to rally at the river Raisin for the purpose of giving bat-
tle. They are engaging sleighs to transport the flour and grain
to their Pandora's box, Maiden. Five hundred true and brave
Americans can secure the district of Erie. A timely approach
of our armies will secure us from being forced to prison, and the
whole place from being burned by savage fury.

Your humble servant, &c.

ISAAC DAY.

P. S. Please to excuse this scroll, as I write in the woods
without a fire.

His excellency Gov. Harrison.

HEAD QUARTERS N. W. ARMY, PORTAGE RIVER,

15 miles from the Miami Rapids, January 26th, 1813.

SIR,

I have the honour to enclose herewith, a duplicate of my
letter of the 25th instant, together with the official report of colo-
nel Lewis to general Winchester of the action of the 18th in-
stant.

That you may be enabled to judge of the propriety of the steps
which w'ere taken by me previously to the unfortunate event at
the river Raisin, I proceed to give you an account of the situa-
tion of the troops and the arrangements I had made for their
advance : — the left wing of the army under the immediate orders
of general Winchester, consisting of the 6th regiment Kentucky
troops, a battalion of Ohio infantry, and a detachment of re-
gulars under colonel Wells.

The importance of keeping a considerable force on this line
after the advance of the army, from its vicinity to the Indian
tribes of the Wabash and lake Michigan, induced me to direct
general Winchester to take with him three Kentucky regiments
and the regular troops only. With these, amounting to about
thirteen hundred men, he marched from his camp, five miles be-
how the mouth of the Auglaise river, on the 31st ultimo. Qn the

196

evening before, he despatched an express, informing me of his
intention to march the next morning. This express was sent
through the woods to general Tupper's camp, fourteen miles ad-
vanced of Urbanna, upon Hull's road. A violent snow storm
prevented it from reaching general Tupper until the 9th instant,
and it was not until the 11th, that it came to me at Upper San-
dusky. I immediately gave orders for several droves of hogs,
which had been stopped on their route, to proceed towards the
Rapids, and I directed the artillery to be prepared to progress as
soon as the general's arrival at the Rapids should be announced,
which I directed him to do by express, to be sent immediately to
Upper Sandusky. Not hearing from the general for some days,
I began to conclude that his progress had been stopped by a consi-
derable thaw, which took place about the 1st of the month. On
the evening of the 16th instant, I received a letter from general
Perkins, enclosing one from general Winchester to him, of the
15th, informing of his arrival at the Rapids on the 10th; — that
it was his intention to advance against the enemy, and directing
him (general Perkins) to send a reinforcement to the Rapids, of
one battalion. Alarmed at this information, I despatched an ex-
press with the enclosed letter, by the direct route to the Rapids,
and set out myself to Lower Sandusky, and reached it on the. even-
ing of the 1 7th. On the morning of the 18th, the battalion which
general Winchester applied for, marched from Lower Sandusky.
About 2 o'clock on the morning of the 19th, a letter from general
Winchester was received, of which the enclosed is an extract. I
gave immediate orders for the 2d regiment of Perkins's brigade
(which consists of two regiments only) to march immediately for
the Rapids, and proceeded thither myself. On my way, I received
the general's letter of the 19th, informing me of the success of colo-
nel Lewis, a copy of which 1 had the honour to enclose you from
the Rapids. Upon my arrival at the latter place, on the morning
of the 20th, I found that general Winchester had inarched the
preceding day, having left general Payne with about three hun-
dred of the Kentucky troops. It was not until late on the 21st
instant, that major Colgrove was enabled to extricate his baggage
from the horrid swamp which separates the Miami and Sandusky
rivers. He encamped that evening near the Miami bay, and by
marching early on the following morning, he had arrived within
fifteen miles of the river Raisin, when he was informed of the
total defeat of our troops there.

The 2d regiment of Perkins's brigade arrived there on the 21st,
and I immediately ordered the remaining part of the Kentucky
troops under general Payne, to proceed with all possible expedi-
tion to the river Raisin. I was still uneasy for the troops there,
but supposing general Winchester had obtained the best informa-
tion of the strength of the disposable force of the enemy, and
as I sent him three hundred men more than he deemed sufficient
for maintaining his ground, and as there were a thousand reasons

127

which made it necessary to maintain it if practicable ; I did not
think it proper to order him to retreat, although the advance in
the first instance was contrary to my wishes, and opposed to a
principle by which I have been ever governed in Indian warfare,
1. e. never to make a detachment but under the most urgent
circumstances. Amongst the many reasons why the post at the
river rtaisin should be maintained, the protection of the French
inhabitants was not the last. The greater part of these people
had received our troops with open arms. Many of them had
sallied out of their houses upon the arrival of colonel Lewis, with
their arms in their hands, and had even, in the opinion of some of
our officers, won the palm of valour from our troops. They at-
tacked and kdied the straggling Indians wherever they met them;
their houses were all open to our men, and they oftered to give up
the whole of the provisions which yet remained to them, upon
condition that they should not again be abandoned to the fury of
the savages, or subjected, for what they had done, to be immured in
thr prisons of Maiden. I had also been informed that the sup-
plies to be procured there were considerable (see Day's letter en-
closed in No. 3), and the assistance to be derived from the caryalls
of the inhabitants was an object of the greatest importance. The
former of these motives had made so strong an impression upon
the minds of the general and his troops, that I am persuaded that
nothing but a reiterated order to retreat, would have produced
obedience upon the part of the latter. These reasons, together
with the respect which it was necessary to shew to the opinion
of an officer of high rank and experience, whose opportunities of
procuring the most correct information, was much better than
mine, produced the determination to support, rather than with-
draw the detachment from the river Raisin. Indeed it appears
that there was not time for either, after my arrival at the Rapids
When I left Upper Sandusky, the artillery was ordered to be
sent on immediately to the Rapids, escorted by three hundred
men. Detachments were also ordered for the pack horses, wa-
gons and sleds, which were constantly progressing thither. Ano-
ther battalion could also have been drawn from Lower Sandusky,
so that the troops at the Rapids would have been almost daily
increased. On this day they would have amounted to twenty -five
hundred, with two pieces of artillery ; and in four or five days
more, the Virginia brigade and Pennsylvania regiment would have
increased them to thirty-eight hundred, with a further supply of
artillery. By the 5th of February the whole force, four thousand
five hundred, which I contemplated assembling at the Rapids,
would have been there ; and provisions and munitions of war in
abundance.

I should have been enabled to advance to the Rapids again this
day or to-morrow, but for a most unfortunate rain, which has
broken up the roads so as to render them impassable for the artil-
lery, although it is fixed on sleds. The whole train is stopped

128

twenty-five miles from this. I have reason to believe the Miami
river has broken up.

I have the honour to enclose you a report made to me by major
M'Clanehan, the senior of the two officers who escaped from the
action at the river Raisin. It requires no comment from me.

I have the honour to be yours, &c.

WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON.

Honourable James Monroe,

acting Secretary of War.

(iNCLOSURE.)

CAMP AT FRENCH TOWN,

January 20th, 1813, on the River Raisin.

SIR,

In obedience to your order, I proceeded on the march with
the detachment under my command to Presquile on the 17th
instant, where the reinforcement under the command of lieuten-
ant colonel Allen arrived at 7 o'clock P. M. On the 18th, as I
informed you it was my determination, we set out for the camp of
the enemy at this village. From an early start, together with the
advantage of a passage on the ice of the lake, and the rapid march
we made, we were enabled to meet them by 5 o'clock in the
evening.

"When we wrere within three miles of the enemy, correct infor-
mation was obtained that they were prepared to receive us.
Having arranged the troops in the following order — they were
directed to prepare for action : the right wing composed of the
companies commanded by captain M'Cracken, subalterns lieu-
tenant Williamson and ensign M'Clary ; captain Bledsoe, sub-
alterns ensign Morrison (acting as lieutena nt,) and ensign Chiner ;
captain Mats on, subalterns ensign Nash (acting as lieutenant) and
ensign Caldwell. The left wing composed of the companies
commanded by captain Hamilton, subalterns lieutenant Moore
and ensign Heron ; captain Williams, subalterns lieutenant
Higgins and ensign Havraw ; captain Kelly, subalterns lieutenant
M'Guine and ensign Wash. The centre composed of the companies
commanded by captain Hightowen (17th United States' regiment,)
subalterns lieutenant Holden and ensign Butler; captain Collier,
subalterns lieutenant Story and ensign Fleet ; captain Sebree, sub-
alterns lieutenant Rule and ensign Bowles. Lieutenant colonel
Allen commanding the right wing, major Groves the left, and
major Madison the centre. Captain Ballard (acting as major)
was placed in the advance of the whole with two companies, one
commanded by captain Hickman, subalterns lieutenant Chinn, the
other by captain Claver, subalterns lieutenant Comstock, and also
captain James with his spies. In this order we proceeded within

129

a quarter of a mile of the enemy, when they commenced a fire on
us with a howitzer, from which no injury was received. The line
of battle was instantly formed and the whole detachment ordered
t<> move on in the direction of the enemy without delay. The
i i\ er at this time being between us and the enemy's lines, we suc-
ceeded well in crossing it, though the ice in many places was ex-
tremely slippery. Having crossed at this instant the long roll was
beat, the signal for a general charge, when I ordered major
Groves and major Madison to possess themselves of the houses
and picketing about which the enemy had chiefly collected, and
where they had placed their cannon. This order was executed
in a few minutes ; and both their battalions advanced amidst an
incessant shower of bullets : neither the picketing nor the fencing
over which they had to pass, retarded their progress to success —
the enemy were dislodged in that quarter. Meantime colonel
Allen had fallen in with them at considerable distance to the
right, when after pursuing them to the woods (a distance of more
than half a mile) they then made a stand with their howitzer and
small arms covered by a chain of inclosed lots and a group of houses,
having in their rear a thick brushy wood full of fallen timber. I
directed brigade major Garrard (one of my aids) to instruct
majors Groves and Madison to possess themselves of the wood on
the left, and to move up towards the main body of the enemy as
fast as practicable, to divert their attention from colonel Allen.
At the moment the lire commenced, those battalions of the right
wing advanced. The enemy were soon driven from the fences and
houses, and our troops began to enter the wood after them. The
fight now became close and extremely hot on the right wing, the
enemy concentrating the chief of both kinds to force the line.
Thej were still however kept moving in retreat, although slowly,
our men being much exhausted. My orders to majors Groves and
Madison were executed with despatch and success, which, joined
with the exertions of colonel Allen's line, completely routed the
enemy. The distance they retreated before us was not less than
two miles, and every foot of the way under a continual charge.
The battle lasted from 3 o'clock till dark. The detachment was
then drawn off in good order, and encamped at the place which
the enemy had first occupied, being the best for a camp then near
us. The gallant conduct of lieutenant colonel Allen, during every
charge of this warmly contested action, has raised for him no
ordinary military merit. Majors Groves and Madison deserve
high praise for their undeviating attention to orders and the
|nergy and despatch with which they executed them. Captain
Ballard led the van with great skill and bravery. I take this
opportunity of tendering my most hearty thanks to brigade major
Garrard, captain Smith and adjutant MCaller, who acted as my
aids-de-camp, for the great support they gave me during the whole
of the action. The company officers acted with great bravery. It
would be almost an endless task to particularize all who have

130

distinguished themselves ; for as all had an opportunity so to do,
there was none but what accepted it. There was not a solitary
instance of a retreat on our part. Both officers and soldiers sup-
ported the " double character of Americans and Kentuckians."

I have not been able to ascertain the exact force of the enemy,
but from the best information, there were between 80 and 100
British troops, and about 400 Indians. Major Reynolds was
pre ent, and it is understood, commanded the whole. The num-
ber of their killed and wounded is unknown, we having left the
woods after dark, so that not only during the battle, but after
night, they had an opportunity of carrying oft" all, except those
who were left on the field where the action first commenced, say
about fifteen. But from the blood, the trails of bodies dragged
off, and the reports from the people who live near this place, the
slaughter must have been great. One Indian and two of the
Canadian militia were taken prisoners. So steady and composed
were our men in this assault, that while the enemy were killed
or drawn from the houses, not a woman or child was hurt.

Our loss in killed 12, and 55 wounded. One has since died.

I have the honour to be, &c.

WILLIAM LEWIS,
Commdt. of the detachment.

Brigadier general Winchester.

(iNCLOSURE.)

CAMP ON CANTING RIVER, January 26th, 1813.

SIR,

As the senior officer who escaped from the disaster which
befell our troops under general Winchester on the 22d instant,
it becomes my duty to report to you so much of that affair as comes
within my knowledge.

On the morning of the 19th instant I marched from the camp at
the Rapids of the Miami with the detachment under colonel Wells,
consisting of about 800 men, including officers, to reinforce colonel
Lewis at the river Raisin. .Shortly after we left camp, general
Winchester passed us in a carryall, and as I understand, reached
the advanced troops that night. Our detachment arrived there
ah ut 3 o'clock, P. M. on the 20th, except captain Morris's com-
pany. It had been left as a rear guard with the baggage, and did
not join u at all.

We found the detachment under lieutenant colonel Lewis
encamped in the gardens on the north side of the river Raisin at
French Town; not in any regular order, and apparently as they
had settled down in the night after the battle of the 18th. The field
officers were generally in houses. General Winchester had taken
up his quarters in the house of Mr. Navarre, about three quarters
of a mile from the troops, and on the opposite side of the river.

131

The land was cleared and entirely open, except fencing and some
buildi igs for near a mile on every side from the encampment.

The detachment under colonel Wells encamped below, and on
the right of the other troops, about one hundred yards from them,
in ground entirely open: three-companies in a line leading from the
river: the fourth" at right angles to those three, and leading down
the river. These troops had about ten rounds of ammunition.
Thev paraded and called their rolls as usual: the others did not.
On the morning of the 21st there was a talk- of moving, and
(encamping on better ground, and in regular order. The general
and some of the held officers rode out to view ground for that
purpose, but nothing was done.

Our spies were not sent out to my knowledge after I reached
camp. I saw them on the 21st, and understood that on that
evening orders were given for their going out on the 22d.

The fixed ammunition, which was sent from the Rapids on the
21st, was taken to general Winchester's quarters at Mr. Navarre's
on that evening. It remained there and was not distributed.

On the morning of the 21st, colonel Wells returned on some
business to the camp at the Rapids and left the detachment under
us to my command. He advised that the officers and men should
remain at their posts as there was a probability of an attack.

That evening a rumour reached us that the enemy were coming
against us with 3 or 4,000 men, and would be with us before day.
I expected that the field officers would have been called together,
and a consultation held and instructions given to meet the event
should it happen. It was not done. I directed the officers under
mv command to form in case of an attack, so as to close the vacancy
between us and the other troops.

At day break on the next morning, and during the beating of
revellie, two of our sentinels fired alarm guns, and immediately the
enemy commenced a heavy cannonade from six or eight pieces,
with bomb shells and canister shot, followed up by small arms.
The troops under my command, and apparently throughout the
line, were soon formed, and returned the fire very briskly.

The enemy consisted of British forces in the centre, as exten-
sive, and apparently in closer order than we were ; and Indians
on both flanks extending quite to our rear.

The action was warmly contested for near half an hour, at
which time the Indians laid under cover of some fencing, and a band
approached so near as to gall us severely in the flanks, whilst the
British kept up an incessant fire in front. Our troops then began
to give way ; they retreated to the river. I then for the first time
during the action saw general Winchester. He directed in a
voice not loud, to form under the north bank of the river. Lieu-
tenant colonels Lewis and Allen were present and assisted in
rallying and forming the men. A considerable number took their
position, and some of them renewed their fire, but it was not

132

long kept, as the Indians were still on our flank and fast gaining
our rear.

A second attempt was made to form the troops about sixty
yards on this side of the river along some fences, but not many
of them formed. A third ettbrt was made in some woods after
crossing a branch, about a mile and a half from the place of ac-
tion. Colonel Lewis was the only field officer I saw there. We
used our endeavours to rally the men, but they could not then be
Stopped ; the pursuit was then very hot. After continuing with
the men about half a mile further, and finding nothing more
could be done, 1 took captain Graves, who was wounded, behind
me, and my son by the hand, and left the road and reached camp
with them.

General Winchester and lieutenant colonel Lewis were riding
slowly at the head of the retreat when I saw them rest ; they
could to all appearance easily have left the footmen and made
their escape, had they intended leaving the men.

I have been informed from sources 1 cannot doubt, that frequent
enquiries were made for ammunition during the action. The
men appeared ardent and obedient to orders whilst it lasted.

When the first attempt was made to rally them, they could, I
have no doubt, have been completely formed, had the place af-
forded an advantageous position. It did not appear to me to
possess any.

During the retreat our men kept up an occasional but not a
regular fire.

I received no orders from the general during the action. The
order to form under the river bank was all I heard. The other
orders to rally probably came from him.

The enemy must have been at least double our numbers. Many
think much beyond it.

I have the honour to be, &c.

ELIJAH M'CLANEHAN,
Maj. 2d B. 1st Reg. L. V. M

General Win. H. Harrison.

MALDEN, January 23d, 1813.

SIR,

A detachment from the left wing of the north-western army,
under my command, at French Town, on the river Raisin, was
attacked on the 22d instant by a force greatly superior in num-
ber, aided by several pieces of artillery. The action commenced
at the dawn of day ; the picket guards were driven in, and a
heavy fire opened on the whole line, by which a part thereof were
thrown into disorder; and, being ordered to retire a small dis-
tance, in order to form on more advantageous ground, I found
the enemy doubling our Hank with force and rapidity.

133

A destructive fire was sustained for some time; at length,
borne dow by numbers, the few of us that remained with the
party that retired from the lines, submitted. The remainder of
our force, in number about four hundred, continued to defend
themselves with great gallantry, in an unequal contest, against
small arms and artillery, until I was brought in as a prisoner to
that part of the field occupied by the enemy.

At this latter place I understood that our troops were defend-
ing themselves in a state of desperation, and was informed by
the commanding officer of the enemy, that he would afford them
an opportunity of surrendering themselves prisoners of war ; to
which 1 acceded. I was the more ready to make the surrender,
from being assured, that unless done quickly, the buildings adja-
cent would be immediately set on fire, and that no responsibility
would be taken for the conduct of the savages, who were then
assembled in great numbers. In this critical situation, being
desirous to preserve the lives of a number of our brave fellows
who still held out, I sent a flag to them, and agreed with the com-
manding officer of the enemy, that they should be surrendered
prisoners of war on condition of being protected from the sava-
ges, allowed to retain their private property, and having their
side arms returned to them. It is impossible for me to ascertain
with certainty the loss we have sustained in this action, from the
impracticability of knowing the number who have made their
escape.

Thirty-five officers, and about four hundred and eighty-seven
non-commissioned officers and privates, are prisoners of war. A
list of the names of the officers is herewith enclosed to you.
Our loss in killed is considerable. However unfortunate may
seem the affair of yesterday, I am flattered by a belief, that no
material error is chargeable* upon myself, and that still less cen-
sure is deserved by the troops I had the honour of commanding.
With the exception of that portion of our force, which was
thrown into disorder, no troops have ever behaved with more
determined intrepidity.

I have the honour to be, &c.

JAMES WINCHESTER,

Brig. Gen. U. S. army.
Hon. Secretary of War.

WAR DEPARTMENT, February 10th, 1813.

SIR,

I have the President's orders to communicate to you, as ex-
peditiously as possible, the outline of campaign which you will
immediately institute and pursue against Upper Canada.

1st. Four thousand troops will be assembled at Sarkef s Harbor
2d. Three thousand will be brought together at JBurtaloe and
its vicinity.

134

The former of these corps will be embarked and" tran sported
under convoy of the fleet to Kingston, where they will be landed.
Kingston, its garrison and the British ships wintering in the
harbor of that place, will be its first object. Its second object
will be York, (the capital of Upper Canada) the stores collec-
ted and the two frigates building there. Its third object, Forts
George and Erie, and their dependencies. In the attainment of
this last, there will be a co-operation between the two corps. The
composition of these will be as follows:

1st, Bloomfield's Brigade, - 1,43G

2d, Chandlers do. - 1,044

Sd, Philadelphia detachment, - 400

4th, Baltimore do. 300

5th, Carlisle do. - - 200

6th, Greeubush do. - - - - 400 •

7th, Sacket's Harbor do. - - - 250

4,030

8th, Several corps atBuffaloe under the command
of colonel Porter, and the recruits belonging thereto 3,000

7,030

The time for executing the enterprise will be governed by the
opening of lake Ontario, which usually takes place about the first
of April.

The adjutant general has orders to put the more southern
detachments in march as expeditiously as possible. The two
brigades on lake Champlain you will move so as to give them full
time to reach their place of destination by the 25th of March.
The route by Elizabeth Mill, 1 think, be the shortest and best.
They will be replaced by some new raised regiments from the
east. You will put into your movements as much privacy as
maybe compatible with their execution. They may be masked
by reports that Sackefs Harbor is in danger, and that the princi-
pal eflbrt will be made on the Niagara in co-operation with general
Harrison. As the route to Sacket's Harbor and to Niagara, is for
a considerable distance the same, it may be well to intimate,
even in orders, that the latter is the destination of the two
brigades now at lake Champlain.

I have the honour to be, &c.
JOHN ARMSTRONG.

Major Gen. II. Dearborn.

185
MASSACRE AT FRENCH TOWN.

Ml. At)\ II.LE (PENNSYLVANIA,) February 20th, 1813.

At a meeting; at Erie, Pennsylvania, of the following named
officers who survived the battle at French Town, on the river
Raisin, viz: Captains Uriel Sebree, Samuel L. Williams, Cole-
man Collins, and Richard Bledsoe ; Lieutenants Dyndon, Corn-
stock and Higgins ; Ensigns Thomas M'Guine and Harrow: —
Captain Williams was called to the chair, and John Beckley (one
of the volunteers) appointed secretary ; when the following reso-
lutions were introduced, and unanimously adopted :

Whereas it is deemed necessary that our fellow citizens should
be informed of the late perfidious and brutal acts of the British
government, performed by their officers at the battle of French
Town : Resolved, That the following statement of the conduct of
the British officers, be published to our countrymen :

That when general Winchester was taken prisoner on the 22d
of January, 181,3, and brought before colonel Proctor, the British
commander, he directed the commanding officer of the Americans
(major Madison) to surrender. Major Madison refused so to do,
unless those surrendered should be free from savage massacre;
this was agreed to ; and the British officers pledged themselves
tolc;roa sufficient force with the wounded to protect them, and
that they should be conveyed to Maiden the next morning. They
likewise promised to return to the officers their arms at Maiden.

Captain N. (i. F. Hart, inspector to the north-western army,
being among tlie wounded, it was proposed by his friends, that
they should carry*him with them : this they were prevented from
doing by captain Elliott,* a British officer, and an old acquain-
tance ot captain Hart's, who promised captain Hart his special
protection — to convey him in his own sleigh to Maiden that
evening, and informing him that he should be welcome to remain
at his house there, until lie should recover.

These were the promises of the British, let our countrymen and
the world see how they were fulfilled.

At the break of day next morning the savages were suffered to
commit every depredation upon our wounded which they -pleased
An indiscriminate slaughter took place, of all who were unable to
walk, many were tomahawked, and many were burned alive in the
houses* Among the unfortunate thus murdered, it is with regret
anil sorrow we have to name captains Hart and Hickman.

The arms of the officers, as promised, were never returned.
Every species of private property remaining in the tents, be-
longing to both officers and soldiers, were plundered by the
lavages.

* This Elliott is nephew to the savage colonel Elliott ; he once held a
commission in the United States' army.

1S6

Resolved, That in consideration of the high respect we hold
the memories of both officers and soldiers who were thus cruelly
murdered, by permission of the British commander, Proctor, and
his subalterns, and those who gloriously fell in the field, defending
the only free government on earth, that each of us wear black
crape on our hats and left arm for the space of ninety days-.

Resolved, That a similar precedure, testifying their respect
for those who were murdered and fell on that day, be recom-
mended to our brother officers and soldiers, who survived it.

SAMUEL WILLIAMS, President.
John Beckley, Secretary.

NEAR OGDENSBURG, February 22d, 1813.

SIR,

I have only time to inform you that the enemy, with a very
superior force, succeeded in taken Ogdensburg this morning
about 9 o'clock. They had about two men to our one, exclusive
of Indians. Numbers of the enemy are dead on the field. Not
more than twenty of our men killed and wounded. Lieutenant
Beard is among the latter.

I have made a saving retreat of about eight or nine miles. I
could not get all the wounded oft". We have killed two of the
enemy to one of ours killed by them. We want ammunition and
some provisions sent on to us ; also sleighs for the wounded.

If you can send me three hundred men all shall be retaken, and
Frescott too, or I will lose my life in the attempt. I shall write
you more particularly to-day.

Your obedient servant,

BEN J. FORSYTH.

General Macomb.

MESSAGE OF MR. MADISON.

To the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States.

I lay before Congress copies of a proclamation of the British
lieutenant-governor of the island of Bermuda, which has appeared
under circumstances leaving no doubt of its authenticity. It
recites a British order in council of the 26th of October last,
providing for the supply of the British West Indies, and other
colonial possessions, by a trade under special licenses, and is
accompanied by a circular instruction to the colonial governors,
which confines licensed importations from ports of the United
States to the ports of the eastern states exclusively.

The government of Great Britain had already introduced into
her commerce, during the war, a system, which, at once violating

137

the rights of other nations, and resting on a mass of forgery and
perjury unknown to other times, was making an unfortunate
progress in undermining those principles of morality and religion
which are the best foundation of national happiness.

The policy now proclaimed to the world, introduces into her
modes of warfare, a system equally distinguished by the deformity
of its features, and the depravity of its character ; having for its
object to dissolve the ties of allegiance, and the sentiments of
loyalty in the adversary nation, and to reduce and separate its
component parts, the one from the other.

The general tendency of these demoralizing and disorganizing
contrivances will be reprobated by the civilized and christian
world ; and the insulting attempt on the virtue, the honour, the
patriotism, and the fidelity of our brethren of the eastern states,
will not fair to call forth all their indignation and resentment, and
to attach more and more all the states to that happy union and
constitution, against which such insidious and malignant artifices
are directed.

The better to guard, nevertheless, against the effect of indivi-
dual cupidity and treachery, and to turn the corrupt project of
the enemy against himself, I recommend to the consideration of
Congress, the expediency of an effectual prohibition of any trade
whatever, by citizens or inhabitants of the United States, under
special licenses, whether relating to persons or ports, and in aid
thereof a prohibition of exportations from the United States in
foreign bottoms, few of which are actually employed, whilst mul-
tiplying counterfeits of their flags and papers, are covering and
encouraging the navigation of the enemy.

JAMES MADISON.

February 24th, 1813.

SACKETT'S HARBOR, March 3d, 1813.
SIR,

Having been informed that sir George Prevosthad adjourned
the legislature at Quebec, assigning as his motive that his majes-
ty's service required his presence in Upper Canada ; and having
received certain information of his having passed Montreal, and
having arrived at Kingston, I set out immediately for this place,
having ordered the force at Greenbush, and part of colonel Pike's
command, in sleighs for this place. I arrived here in fifty -two
hours. I am now satisfied from such information as is entitled to
full credit, that a force has been collected from Quebec, Montreal,
and Upper Canada, of from six to eight thousand men, at Kingston,
and that we may expect an attack in forty-eight hours and per-
haps sooner.

The militia have been called in, and every effort will, I trust, be
made to defend the post ; but 1 fear neither'the troops from Green-

138

bush nor Plattsburg will arrive in season to afford their aid. I
should feel easier if colonel Pike should arrive in season. I am in
want of officers of experience. I have sent expresses to have
them hurried on. Commodore Chauncey has not arrived ; he
will be here to-morrow. The armed vessels have not been placed
in the positions intended by the commodore. Our total force may
be estimated at nearly 3000 of all descriptions.

Sir George Prevost is represented to be determined to effect
his object at all events, and will undoubtedly make every effort in
his power for the purpose. We shall, I trust, give him a warm
reception ; but if his force is such as is expected, and should make
an attack before our troops arrive from Greenbush and Plattsburg-.
at Sackett's Harbor, the result may at least be doubtful.

f have the honour to be, &c.
H. DEARBORN.

Honourable Jolin Armstrong.

HEAD QUARTERS, FRANKLINTON, March 12th, 1813.
SIR,

I had the honour to inform you in my letter of the 25th ulti-
mo, that I had organized a detachment for the purpose of striking
a blow at the vessels of war of the enemy lying near Maiden.
Captain Langham, with about two hundred and fifty men, in thirty
sleds and sleighs, set out from Lower Sandusky on the 2d instant,
and proceeded as far as Bass island, in the lake, without difficulty.
Contrary, however, to the experience of former years, the lake
beyond was found to be entirely open. He was therefore obliged
to return to the Miami bay, where I met him with a detachment
that was intended to cover his retreat. Finding that the original
design was rendered abortive, I had determined upon an expedi-
tion to the river Raisin, for the purpose of burying the remains of
our unfortunate countrymen who fell on the 22d January. But
the ice was so weak as no longer to afford a safe passage along the
edge of the lake. Our horses were constantly breaking through,
and one man was unfortunately drowned. I therefore returned to
camp with the whole detachment, and on the 7th instant set out
for this place. I left general Leftwich in command at camp Meigs.
Indeed the cause which prevented the advance of my detachment
to the river Raisin, would also prevent the enemy from approaching
the Rapids, at least with artillery.

I have the honour to enclose herewith a plan of camp Meigs.
The redoubt marked F. is yet to be erected.

Colonel Morrison has determined to resign his appointment as
deputy quarter master general. There is not a man in the United
States who is, in my opinion, capable of discharging the duties of
that department with as much advantage to the public as himself.
He i« lost to the service in consequence of the singular arrange-

139

merit which was made by the late secretary of war, of sending on
another deputy quarter master general with equal powers to those
vested in colonel Morrison. Since the departure of captain Piatt,
I have used my utmost endeavours to prevail upon colonel Morrison
to continue in service, but he perseveres in his determination to
retire at the end of this month. A report has reached us this
morning that general Lewis is appointed a major general. Should
this be the case, 1 am convinced that the interets of our country
would be greatly promoted by the appointment of colonel Morrison
to succeed him. The duties of quarter master to the north west-
ern army, do not require so much military information as is neces-
sary for the officer at the head of that department in the other
sections of the union. An intimate knowledge of the western
country and its resources, with integrity and activity, are the
essential qualifications. These are possessed by John C. Bartlett,
esq. acting at present as field commissary in an eminent degree.
He would possess moreover the confidence of the western country,
particularly of Kentucky.

I have not yet had the honour to receive any communication
from you upon the subject of the organization of the force for the
ensuing campaign.

With great respect, I have the honour to be, &c.

WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON.

The Secretary of War.

HEAD QUARTERS, CHILICOTHE, March 17th, 1813.

SIR,

The known candour of your character is a sufficient security
for my receiving your pardon for the libertv I take in making
objections to the plan of operations communicated in your letter
of the 5th instant. If there is a positive certainty of our getting
the command of lake Erie, and having a regular force of three
thousand five hundred, or even three thousand, well disciplined
men, the proposed plan of setting out from Cleveland, and land-
ing on the northern shore below Maiden, would perhaps be the
one by which that place and its dependencies could be most
easily reduced. I am unacquainted with the extent of the prepa-
rations that are making to obtain the naval superiority on lake
Erie ; but, should they fail, and the troops be assembled at Cleve-
land, it would be difficult to get again upon the proper track for
making the attack round the head of the lake. The attempt to
cross the lake from Cleveland should not be made with any other
than well disciplined troops. A comparatively smaller number
of men of this description could effect the object, and for those
the means of conveyance might be obtained ; but the means of
transporting such an army as would be required of militia, or
undisciplined regulars, could not be procured. I can see no

140

reason why Cleveland should be preferred as the point of em-
barkation for the troops, or the deposit for the provisions and
stores. Those are already accumulated at the Rapids of Miami,
or in situations easily to be sent thither, to an amount nearly
equal to the consumption of a protracted campaign. Although
the expense and difficulty of transporting the provisions, artillery,
and stores for an army, round (lie head of the lake, would be
very considerable, the lake being possessed by our ships, and the
heavy baggage taken in boats along the margin, the troops would
find no difficulty in the land route. The force contemplated in
your letter is, in my opinion, not sufficient to secure success.
Admitting that the whole should be raised by the time pointed
out, they would be very little superior to militia; the officers
having, with scarcely an exception, to learn their duty before they
could instruct their men ; we have, therefore, no alternative but
to make up by numbers the deficiency in discipline.

I am well aware of the intolerable expense which attends
the employment of a large militia force. We are now, however,
in a situation to avoid those errors, which made that of the last
campaign BO peculiarly heavy. Our supplies are procured, and
SO deposited, that the period for the march of the army from the
advanced posts can be ascertained to an hour, and of course the
troops need not be called out until the moment they are to act.
Experience has convinced ine that militia are more efficient in
the early, than in the latter part of their service. Upon the
whole, it is my decided opinion that the Rapids of Miami should
be the point of rendezvous for the troops, as well as the principal
depot ; indeed it must necessarily be the first deposit, — the pro-
visions of the army are so placed, that tl y can be taken to the
fake in no other way. The artillery and a considerable supply of
ammunition are already there. Boats and perogues have been
built in considerable numbers on the Auglaize and St. Mary's ri-
vers ; and even exertion is now making to increase them, intended
for the double purpose of taking down the provisions to the Ra-
pids, and for coasting the lake with the baggage of the army in
its advance. I had calculated on being able partially to use this
mode of transportation, even if the enemy should continue his
naval superiority on the lake ; but with this advantage on our side,
the whole baggage of the army could be safely and expeditiously
carried along the coast in the boats and perogues, winch could
be taken into the strait to transport the army to the Canada shore.

As I have before observed, the army, unincumbered with heavy
baggage, would find no difficulty in marching round the lake at
any season, but what the enemy would create, and we have the
means of subsisting a force that would be irresistible.

The objections to proceeding this way, stated in my letter to
colonel Monroe, arose from the time that would be necessary to
construct boats after we should have arrived at the strait; but
this objection is entirely obviated, by our obtaining the command

141

of the lake, as the boats and perogues built upon the Miami will
answer the purpose. With regard to the quantum of force, my
opinion is, that not only the regular troops, designated in your let-
ter, but a large auxiliary corps of militia should be employed.
The only objection arises from the expensiveness of troops of that
description. This, however, could not be an object, consider-
ing the very short time that it would be necessary to employ them.
Let the moment for the commencement of the march from the
Rapids be fixed, and the militia might be taken to that point,
proceed and accomplish the object, and return home in two
months.

Amongst the reasons which make it necessary to employ a large
force, I am sorry to mention the dismay and disinclination to the
service which appears to prevail in the western country. Numbers
must give that confidence which ought to be produced by con-
scious valour and intrepidity, which never existed in any army in a
superior degree, than amongst the great pai't of the militia which
were with me through the winter. The new drafts from this state
are er.+iroly of another character, and are not to be depended upon.
I have no doubt, however, but a sufficient number of good men
can be procured, and should they be allowed to serve on horse-
back, Kentucky would furnish some regiments that would not be
inferior to those that fought at the river Raisin, and they were, in
my opinion, superior to any militia that ever took the field in
modern times. Eight troops of cavalry have been formed in
Kentucky to offer me their service ; and several of them were
intended for twelve month's volunteers. , Governor Shelby has
some thought of taking the field in person — a number of good
men will follow him. He thinks that an address from me to the
people of the state would produce a good effect. I have strong
objections to those addresses, but will nevertheless have recourse
to one, should other means fail of bringing forward a sufficient
force. Every exertion shall, in the mean time, be used to forward
the recruiting service ; for a few weeks I think that my services
would be more useful in that, than any other employment.

I have the honour to be yours, &c.

WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON.

lion. John Armstrong.

UNITED STATES' SHIP HORNET,

Holmes' Hole, March 19th, 1813.

SIR,

I have the honour to inform you of the arrival, at this port,
of the United States' ship Hornet, under my command, from a
cruise of 145 days, and to state to you, that after commodore
Bainbridge left the coast of Brazils, (on the 6th of January last,)
the Hornet continued oft* the harbour of St. Salvador, blockading

142

the Bonne Citoyenne until the 34th, when the Montagu 74 hove
in sight and chased me into the harbour; but night coming on, I
wore and stood to the southward. Knowing that she had left
Rio Janeiro for the express purpose of relieving the Bonne Cito-
yenne and the packet, (which 1 had also blockaded for fourteen
days, and obliged her to send her mail to Rio, in a Portuguese
smack,) I judged it most prudent to change my cruising ground,
and stood to the eastward, with the view of cruising off' Pernam-
buco, — and on the 4th day of February, captured the English brig
Resolution, from Rio Janeiro, bound to Moranham, with coffee,
jerked beef, flour, fustic and butter, and about 25,000 dollars in
specie. As the brig sailed dull, and could ill spare hands to man
her, I took out the money and set her on tire. 1 then run down
the coast for Moranham, and cruised there a short time ; from
thence ran oft* Surrinam. After cruising off that coast from the
5th to the 22d of February, without meeting a vessel, I stood for
Demarara, with an intention, should I not be fortunate on that
station, to run through the West Indies, on my way to the United
States. But on the morning of the 24th, I discovered a brig to
leeward, to which I gave chase ; ran into quarter less four, and
not having a pilot, was obliged to haul off* — the fort at the entrance
of Damarafa river at this time bearing south west, distance about
2", Leagues. Previously to giving up the chase, I discovered a

vessel at anchor without the bar, with English colours flying, ap-
parently a brig of war. In beating round Corobano bank, in or-
der to get at her, at half past 3 P. M. I discovered another sail
on my weather quarter, edging down for us. At 4 20 minutes she
hoisted English colours, at which time we discovered her to be a
large man of war brig ; — beat to quarters, and cleared ship for
action ; kept close by the wind, in order, if possible, to get the
weather jjage. At 5 10 minutes, finding I could weather the ene-
my, I hoisted American colours, and tacked. At 5 20 minutes,
in passing each other, exchanged broadsides within half pistol
shot. Observing the enemy in the act of wearing, I bore up,
received his starboard broadside, ran him close on board on the
starboard quarter, and kept up such a heavy and well directed
fire, that in less than fifteen minutes he surrendered, being lite-
rally cut to pieces, and hoisted an ensign, union down, from hie
fore rigging, as a signal of distress. Shortly after, his main-mast
went by the board : — despatched lieutenant Shubrick on board,
who soon returned witli her first lieutenant, who reported her tf>
be his Britannic majesty's late brig Peacock, commanded by cap-
tain William IVake, who fell in the latter part of the action — that
a number <>l tier crew were killed and wounded, and that she was
sinking fast, having then six feet of water in her hold: — des-
patched the boats immediately for the wounded, and brought both
vessels tn anchor. Such shot holes as could be got at, were then
plugged ; her guns thrown overboard, and every possible exertion
used to keep her afloat, until the prisoners could be removed, by

143

pumping and bailing, but without effect, and she unfortunately
sunk in five and a hall" fathoms waters, carrying down thirteen of
her crew, and three of my brave fellows, viz : John Hart, Joseph
Williams, and Hannibal Boyd. Lieutenant Conner, midshipman
Cooper, and the remainder of the Hornet's crew, employed in
removing the prisoners, with difficulty saved themselves by jump-
ing in a boat that was lving: on her bows as she went down. Four
men, of the thirteen mentioned, were so fortunate as to gain the
foretop, and were afterwards taken off by the boats. Previous to
her going down, four of her men took to her stern boat, which had
been much damaged during the action, which I hope reached the
shore in safety : but from the heavy sea running at the time, the
shattered state of the boat, and the difficulty of landing on the
coast, I much fear they were lost. I have not been able to ascer-
tain from her officers the exact number killed. Captain Peake
and four men were found dead on board. The master, one mid-
shipman, carpenter, and captain's clerk, and twenty-nine seamen
were wounded, most of them very severely, three of whom died
of their wounds after being removed, and nine drowned. Our
loss was trifling in comparison. John Place, killed ; Samuel
Coulsan and Joseph Dalrymple, slightly wounded ; George Coffin
and Lewis Todd, severely burnt by the explosion of a cartridge.
Todd survived only a few days. Our rigging and sails were much
cut ; one shot through the fore-mast, and the bowsprit slightly
injured. Our hull received little or no damage. At the time the
Peacock was brought to action, the L'Espeigle, (the brig men-
tioned above as being at anchor) mounting sixteen two and thirty
pound carronades, and two long nines, lay about six miles in shore,
and could plainly see the whole of the action. Apprehensive that
she would beat out to the assistance of her consort, such exertions
were made by my officers and crew in repairing damages, &c.
that by 9 o'clock the boats were stowed, a new set of sails bent,
and the ship completely ready for action. At 2 A. M. got under
weigh, and stood by the wind to the northward and westward,
under easy sail.

On mustering next morning, found we had 277 souls on board,
including the crew of the American brig Hunter, of Portland,
taken a few days before by the Peacock. And, as we had been
on two-thirds allowance of provisions for some time, and had but
3,400 gallons of water on board, I reduced the allowance to three

tints a man, and determined to make the best of my way to the
Inited States.
The Peacock was deservedly styled one of the finest vessels
of her class in the British navy, probably about the tonnage of
the Hornet. Her beam was greater by five inches ; but her ex-
treme length not so great by four feet. She mounted sixteen
twenty-four pound carronades, two long nines, one twelve pound
carronade on her top-gallant-forecastle, as a shifting gun, and one
four or six pounder, and two swivels mounted aft. 1 find by her

144

quarter bill, that her crew consisted of 134 men, four of whom
were absent in a prize.

The cool and determined conduct of my officers and crew dur-
ing the action, and their almost unexampled exertions afterwards,
entitle them to my warmest acknowledgments, and 1 beg leave
most earnestly to recommend them to the notice of government.

By the indisposition of lieutenant .Stewart, I was deprived of
the services of an excellent officer : had he been able to stand
the deck, I am confident his exertions would not have been sur-
passed by any one on board. I should be doing injustice to the
merits of lieutenant Shubrick, and acting lieutenants Conner and
Newton, were I not to recommend them particularly to your no-
tice. Lieutenant Shubrick was in the actions with the Guerriere
and Java. Captain Hull and commodore Bainbridge can bear
testimony as to his coolness and good conduct on both occasions.
With the greatest respect, I remain, &c.

JAMES LAWRENCE.

Hon. Wm, Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

P. S. At the commencement of the action my sailing master
and seven men were absent in a prize, and lieutenant Stewart and
six men on the sick list.

BRIGADE ORDER.

SACKETTS HARBOR, April 25th, 1813.

When the debarkation shall take place on the enemy's shore,
major Forsyth's light troops, formed in four platoons, shall be first
landed. They a\ ill advance a small distance from the shore, and
form the chain to cover the landing of the troops. They will not
fire, unless they discover the approach of a body of the enemy,
but will make prisoners of every jjcrson who may be passing, and
send to the general. They will be followed by the regimental
platoons of the first brigade, with two pieces of Brook's artillery,
one on the right and one on the left Hank, covered by their mus-
ketry, and the small detachments of riflemen, of the 15th and
16th infantry. Then will be landed the three platoons of the
reserve of the first brigade, under major Swan ; then major Eustis,
with his train of artillery, covered by his own musketry; then
colonel M'Clure's volunteers in four platoons, followed by the
21st regiment, in six platoons. When the troops shall move in
column, either to meet the enemy or take a position, it will be in
the following order, viz: 1st, Forsyth's riflemen, with proper
front and flank guards; the regiments of the first brigade, with
their pieces; then three platoons of reserve; major Eustis's train

145

of artillery; volunteer corps; twenty-first regiment; each corps
sending out proper flank -guards. When the enemy shall be dis-
covered in front, die riflemen will form the chain, and maintain
their ground, until they have the signal (tlie preparative) or receive
orders to retire, at which they will retreat with the greatest velo-
city, and form equally on the two Hanks of the regiments of the
first brigade, and then renew their lire. The three reserve pla-
toons of this line will form under the orders of major Swan, one
hundred yards in the rear of the colours, ready to support any
part which may show an unsteady countenance. Major Eustis
and his train will form in the rear of this reserve, ready to act
where circumstances may dictate.

The second line will be composed of the 21st infantry, in six
platoons, Hanked by colonel M'Clure'9 volunteers, equally divided,
as light troops. The whole under the orders of colonel Ripley.

It is expected that every corps will be mindful of the honour of
the American arms, and the disgraces which have recentlv tarnish-
ed our arms ; and endeavour, by a cool and determined discharge
of their duty, to support the one, and wipe oft* the other. The
riflemen in front will maintain their ground at all hazards, until
ordered to retire, as will every cm-})* of the army. With an as-
surance of being duly supported, >hould the commanding general
find it prudent to withdraw the front line, he will give orders to
retire by the heads of platoons, covered by the riflemen ; and the
second line will advance by the heads of platoons, pass the inter-
vals, and form the line ; call in the light troops, and renew the
action : but the general may find it proper to bring up the second
line, on one or both flanks, to charge in columns, or perform a variety
of manouvres which it would be impossible to foresee. But as a
general rule, whatever may be the directions of line at the com-
mencement of the action, the corps will form as before directed.
If they then advance in line, it may be in parallel eschelons of
platoons, or otherwise, as the ground or circumstances may dic-
tate.

No man will load until ordered, except the light troops in front,
until within a short distance of the enemy, and then charge bayo-
nets ; thus letting the enemy see, that we can meet them with
their own weapons. Any man firing, or quitting his post, without
orders, must be put to instant death, as an example may be neces-
sary. Platoon officers will pay the greatest attention to the cool-
ness and aim of their men in the fire ; their regularity and dress-
ing in the charge. The field officers will watch over the conduct
of the whole. Courage and bravery in the field do not more dis-
tinguish the soldier, than humanity after victory; and whatever
examples the savage allies of our enemies may have given us, the
general confidently hopes, that the blood of an unresisting or
yielding enemy, will never stain the weapons of the soldiers of his
column.

146

The unoffending citizens of Canada are many of them our own
countrymen, and the poor Canadians have been forced into the
war. Their property, therefore, must be held sacred ; and any
soldier who shall so far neglect the honour of his profession as to
be guilty of plundering the inhabitants, shall, if convicted, be
punished with death. But the commanding general assures the
troops, that should they capture a large quantity of public stores,
he will use his best endeavours to procure them a reward from his
government.

This order shall be read at the head of each corps, and every
field officer shall carry a copy, in order that he may at any mo-
ment refer to it; and give explanations to his subordinates.

All those found in arms in the enemy's country, shall be treated
as enemies ; but those who are peaceably following the pursuits
of their various vocations, friends — and their property respect-
ed.

By order of the brigadier general,

Z. M. PIKE,

Chahles G. Jones,

assistant aid-de-camp.

. UNITED STATES' SHIP MADISON,

at anchor oft' York, Upper Canada, April 28th, 1813.

SIR,

Agreeably to your instructions and arrangements with major
general Dearborn, I took on board the squadron under my com-
mand, the general and suite, and about 1700 troops, and left*
Sackett's Harbor on the 25th instant for this place. We arrived
here yesterday morning, and took a position about one mile south
and westu aid of the enemy's principal fort, and as near the shore
as we could, with safety to the vessels. The place fixed upon by
the major general and myself for landing the troops, was the site
of the old French fort Tarento.

The debarkation commenced about 8 o'clock A. M. and was
completed about ten. The wind blowing heavy from the east-
ward, the boats fell to leeward of the position fixed upon, and
were, in consequence, exposed to a galling fire of the enemy, who
had taken a position in a thick wood near where the first troops
landed; however, the cool intrepidity of the officers and men
overcame every obstacle. Their attack upon the enemy was so
vigorous thai lie lied in every direction, leaving a great many of
his killed and wounded upon the field. As soon as the troops
were landed, I directed the schooners to take a position near the
forts, in order that the attack on them by the army and navy might
be simultaneous. The schooners were obliged to beat up to their
position, which they did in a very handsome order, under a very
heavy fire from the enemy's batteries, and took a position within

147

about six hundred yards of their principal fort, and opened a
heavy cannonade upon the enemy, which did great execution, and
very much contributed to their final destruction. The troops,
as soon as landed, were formed under the immediate orders of
brigadier general Pike, who led in a most gallant manner the at-
tack upon the forts, and after having carried two redoubts in their
approach to their principal works, the enemy (having previously
laid a train) blew up his magazine, which in its effects upon our
troops, was dreadful, having killed and wounded a great many,
and amongst the former, the ever to be lamented brigadier general
Pike, who fell at the head of his column by a contusion received
by a heavy stone from the magazine. His death at this time, is
much to be regretted, as he had the perfect confidence of the
major general ; and his known activity, zeal and experience,
make his loss a national one.

In consequence of the fall of general Pike, the command of
the troops devolved, for a time, upon colonel Pearce, who soon
after took possession of the town. About 2 P. M. the American
flag was substituted for the British, and at about four our troops
were in quiet possession of the town. As soon as general Dear-
born learned the situation of general Pike, he landed, and assumed
the command. I have the honour of enclosing a copy of the
capitulation which was entered into, and approved by general
Dearborn and myself.

The enemy set fire to some of his principal stores, containing
large quantities of naval and military stores, as well as a large
ship upon the stocks, nearly finished. The only vessel found
here, is the Duke of Gloucester, undergoing repairs. The Prince
Regent left here on the 24th, for Kingston. We have not yet
had a return made of the naval and military stores ; consequently
can form no idea of the quantity, but have made arrangements to
have all taken on board that we can receive ; the rest will be des-
troyed.

I have to regret the death of midshipmen Thompson and Hat-
field, and several seamen killed — the exact number I do not
know, as the returns from the different vessels have not yet been
received. From the judicious arrangements made by general
Dearborn, I presume that the public stores will be disposed of,
so that the troops will be ready to re-embark to morrow, and pro-
ceed to execute other objects of the expedition the first fair wind.
I cannot speak in too much praise of the cool intrepidity of the
officers and men generally, under my command, and I feel my-
self particularly indebted to the officers commanding vessels, for
their zeal in seconding my views.

I have the honour to be yours, &c.

ISAAC CHAUNCEY,

Honourable William Jones,

Secretary of the Navy.

14S

HEAD QUARTERS, YORK, UPPER CANADA,

April 28th, 1813.

SIR,

After a detention of some days, by adverse winds, we ar-
rived here yesterday morning, and at 8 o'clock commenced landing
our troops, about three miles westward of the town, and one and
a half from the enemy's works. The wind was high and in an
unfavourable direction for our boats, which prevented the troops
landing at a clear field, the ancient site of the French fort Ta-
rento. The unfavourable wind prevented as many of the armed
vessels from taking such positions as w ould as effectually cover
our landing, as they otherwise would have done; but every thing
that could be done was effected.

Our riflemen, under major Forsyth, first landed, under a heavy
fire from Indians and other troops. General Sheatfe commanded in
person. He had collected his whole force in the woods, near w here
the wind obliged our troops to land, consisting of about 700 regu-
lars and militia, and 100 Indians. Major Forsyth was supported,
as promptly as possible with other troops ; but the contest was
sharp and severe for near half an hour. The enemy was repulsed
by a far less number than their own ; and as soon as general Pike
landed with 7 or 800 men, and the remainder of the troops were
pushing for the shore, the enemy retreated to their works ; and as
soon as the whole of the troops had landed and formed on the clear
ground intended for the first landing, they advanced through a
thick wood to the open ground near the enemy's works, and after
carrying one battery by assault, were moving on in columns to-
wards the main works ; when the head of the columns was within
about sixty rods of the enemy, a tremendous explosion occurred
from a huge magazine prepared for the purpose, which discharged
such immense quantities of stone, as to produce a most unfortu-
nate effect on our troops. I have not yet been able to collect the
returns of our killed and wounded, but our loss by the explosion,
must, I fear, exceed 100; and among them, I have to lament the
loss of the brave and excellent officer, brigadier general Pike,
who received such a contusion from a large stone, as terminated
his valuable life within a few hours. His loss will be severely felt.

Previous to the explosion, the enemy had retired into the town,
excepting a party of regular troops, which did not retire early
enough to avoid the shock ; it is said that upwards of forty of
them were destroyed. General Sheaife moved off with the regu-
lar troops, and left directions with the commanding officer of the
militia, to make the best terms he could. In the mean time, all
further resistance on the part of the enemy ceased, and the out-
lines of a capitulation were agreed on. As soon as I was informed
of general Pike's being wounded, I went on shore. I had been
induced to confide the immediate command of the troops in ac-
tion to general Pike, from a conviction that he fully expected it,
and would be much mortified at being deprived of the honour.

149

which he highly appreciated. Every movement was under my
view. Our troops behaved with great firmness, and deserve much
applause, especially those who were first engaged, under circum-
stances that would have tried the firmness of veterans. Our loss in
the action in the morning, and in carrying the first battery, was not
great, probably about fifty killed and wounded ; among them, were
a full proportion of officers; and although the enemy had a de-
cided advantage in point of numbers and position, at the com-
mencement, their loss was greater than ours, particularly in of-
ficers.

It was with the greatest exertion that the small vessels of the
fleet could work into the harbour against a gale of wind directly
ahead ; but as soon as they got in contact with the batteries, a
tremendous cannonade commenced from 24 and 32 pounders, and
was kept up without intermission, under a heavy fire from two
batteries, until the enemy's batteries were carried or blown up by
the explosion, which undoubtedly had a powerful effect on the
enemy. I am under the greatest obligations to commodore Chaun-
cey for his able and indefatigable exertions in every possible man-
ner that could give facility and effect to the expedition. He is
equally estimable for deliberate sound judgment, bravery and in-
dustry. The government could not have made a more fortunate
selection for the important trust he holds. Unfortunately, the
enemy's armed ship, the " Prince Regent," left this place for
Kingston, four days before we arrived. A large ship on the stocks,
nearly planked up, with a large store of naval stores, were set on
fire by the enemy, soon after the explosion of the magazine.
There are no vessels fit for use in the harbour. A considerable
quantity of military stores and provisions remained. We shall
not possess the means of transporting the prisoners from this
place, and must, of course, leave them on parole. I hope we shall
so far complete the necessary measures at this place, in the course
of this day, as to be able to sail to-morrow for Niagara, by which
route I shall send this by a small vessel, with notice to general
Lewis of our approach.

I am sir, your obedient servant,

H. DEARBORN.

Hon. John Armstrong',

Secretary of War.

HEAD QUARTERS, CAMP MEIGS, May 5th, 1813.

SIR,

I am sorry to inform you of another disaster to the Kentucky
troops, not indeed bearing any comparison to that of the river
Raisin in point of killed and wounded, but exceeding it as to the
number ot prisoners. I had the honour to inform you in my
Fetter of the 28th instant, that the British troops destined to be

150

siesc this place were then in view. On the succeeding night they
broke ground upon the 1 '.eights opposite, and on the Following
morning our batteries opened upon them and continued a partial
firing throughout that and the following day. On the first of May
the enemy returned it from a two gun and one mortar battery, and.
on the second from a third gun battery. On the night of the third
they passed a part of their troops to this side of the river, and
opened another gun and mortar battery within two hundred and
fifty yards of our lines. They were soon however driven from
that position, and obliged to take one at a more respectful distance.
On the first, second, and third instant, the fire was most inces-
sant and tremendous. Five and a half and eight and a half inch
shells, with twenty-four pound ball, fell in showers in our camp,
and would haA e produced the most unfortunate effect, but from
the great pains and labour which had been bestowed in the erec-
tion of traverses, which in a great degree shielded our camp from
the former. For the latter there was no preventative but that of
taking the batteries. About twelve o'clock last night an officer
arrived in a boat from general Clay, to inform me of his approach,
and that he would reach this place in about two hours. I imme-
diately determined upon a general sally, and sent an officer to
general Clay directing him to land eight hundred men some short
distance above, to attack and carry the batteries, spike the cannon
and destroy the artillery. The general was unfortunately delayed
longer than he expected in passing the Rapids, and the detach-
ment destined to make the attack did not reach the landing until
near nine o'clock. This however did not prevent them from
making the attempt, and never was any thing more completely
successful. The four batteries were immediately taken possession
of, and their defenders driven oft", and the cannon spiked. Here
the work of our men was done. But that confidence which always
attends militia when successful, proved their ruin, although there
was time sufficient to return to the boats before a reinforcement
arrived to the enemy. They remained upon the grounds in spite
of the repeated calls which we made across the river to bring
them back, suffered themselves to be amused and drawn into the
woods by some faint skirmishing, whilst the British troops and an
immense body of Indians, were soon brought up. A severe action
then took place. The British immediately interrupted the retreat
of our men to the plain over the river, where they would have been
under cover of our cannon ; but about one hundred and fifty
only, out of nearly eight hundred effectives, made their escape to
the boats. Where the balance of general Clay's force made its
appearance and attempted to land above the garrison, their flank
was attacked by a large body of Indians. I immediately ordered
out a detachment consisting of part of the 19th United States'
regiment, about one hundred twelve months' volunteers, and some
militia. They however succeeded in driving the enemy entirely
off. Pursuant to the plan which 1 had formed, an attack was then

151

made upon the batteries on this side of the river, conducted by
colonel Miller, of the 19th regiment, with part of his regiment,
the aforesaid volunteers, and a few militia. This attack was also
completely successful. The enemy were driven from their works,
a number killed, and two British officers and forty-one privates
brought into camp. This attack was intended to be simultaneous
with that on the other side, and it was nearly so. Notwithstand-
ing the severe loss we have sustained in the Kentucky militia,
the events of the day have been honourable to the American arms.
The detachment under colonel Miller suffered very little, and
had the militia been contented with executing what they were
ordered to do, every object which I had contemplated would
have been accomplished.

I have only time to add that I am confident of my ability to
defend this place until the expected large reinforcements arrive ;
and that I am, with great respect, &c.

WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON.
Honourable John Armstrong,

Secretary of War.

Extract of a letter from Stephen H.Moore, captain of the Balti-
more volunteers, to his brother, dated

NIAGARA, May 5th, 1813.

"I last wrote you from the harbor, stating that I was then about
to embark with my company, together with general Pike's brigade,
for the purpose of making a descent on the Canada shore. I have
to inform you now of the result, which has been victorious and
glorious to the American arms, although peculiarly unfortunate to
me. We arrived at the head of lake Ontario on Tuesday morning
the 27th ultimo, and debarked the forces about a mile above York,
the capital of Upper Canada. Here we were met on the beach by
about five hundred British regulars and two hundred and fifty
Indians. We contended with them warmly for about an hour,
when we succeeded in driving them before us, and made good
our landing, with a loss of some brave officers, and about forty
men killed and wounded. We then formed immediately, moved
up to York, and when arrived just at the opening of the main
street, the enemy sprung a mine upon us, which destroyed about
eighty of his own men, and killed and wounded about one hun-
dred "and thirty of our men. This horrible explosion has deprived
me of my leg, and otherwise grievously wounded me. I was
taken from the field, and carried on board the commodore's ship,
where my leg was amputated, and I am now likely to recover.
Two of my company were killed at the same time, and four or
five more of my bra\e fellows were severely wounded, now out of
danger. We have taken the capital of the enemy, and about a

152

million and a half worth of public stores and other property. We
have killed and wounded about three hundred British and their
savage allies, and have taken prisoners about seven hundred men.
We have taken from them also several vessels of war which were
found in the harbor, and destroyed a 32 gun frigate, then on the

stocks.

" This is the severest blow the British have felt since the war,
and is to them irremediable. It will teach them a lesson of Ame-
rican bravery, which they cannot soon forget. The conquest of
Upper Canada is now no longer doubtful, as almost all the guns,
munitions of war, and provisions, necessary to carry on the present
campaign, were deposited at York, and have been taken by us.
General Pike, however, the brave and gallant projector of this
enterprize, fell in the very moment of complete victory, at the
head of his column. We have suffered severely in loss of officers ;
two captains and fourteen lieutenants have been killed, and five
captains and seven lieutenants wounded. My wound, they say,
is a very good one, but it has maimed me for life. Lieutenant
Irvine received a bayonet through his right shoulder, at the mo-
ment of stepping out of the boat, but is doing very well. Gill and
Wrarner escaped unhurt. My company distinguished themselves
gloriously, and were noticed for their determined spirit."

HEAD QUARTERS, CAMP MEIGS, May 9th, 1813.

SIR,

i have the honour to inform you that the enemy having been
several days making preparations for raising the siege of this post,
accomplished tins clay the removal of their artillery from the op-
posite bank, and about 12 o'clock, left their encampment below,
were soon embarked and out of sight- I have the honour to enclose
you an agreement entered into between general Proctor and my-
self, for the discharge of the prisoners of the Kentucky militia in
his possession, and for the exchange of the officers and men of the
regular troops which were respectively possessed by us. My
anxiety to get the Kentucky troops released as early as possible,
induced me to agree to the dismission of all the prisoners I had,
although there was not as many of ours in general Proctor's pos-
session. The surplusage is to be accounted for, and an equal
number of ours released from their parole, whenever the govern-
ment may think proper to direct it.

The two actions on this side the river on the 5th, were infi-
nitely more important and more honourable to our arms, than I
had at first conceived. In the sortie made upon the left flank,
captain Wariiig's company of the 19th regiment, a detachment of
twelve month's volunteers under major Alexander, and three
companies of Kentucky militia under colonel Boswell, defeated at
least double the number of Indians and British militia.

153

The sortie on the right was stilKmore glorious ; the British
batteries in thai direction were defeated by the grenadier and light
infantry companies of the 41st regiment, amounting to two hun-
dred effectives, and two companies of militia, flanked by a host
of Indians. The detachment sent to attack those, consisted of all
the men of duty belonging to the companies of Groghan and Brad-
ford, of the 17th regiment; Langham's, Elliott's (late Graham's)
and Waring's, of the 19th ; about eighty of major Alexander's
volunteers, and a single company of Kentucky militia under cap-
tain Sebree; amounting in the uhole to not more than three
hundred and forty. YTet the event of the action was not a
moment doubtful, and had not the British troops been covered
in their retreat by their allies, the whole of them would have
been taken.

It is not possible for troops to behave better than ours did
throughout ; all the officers exerted themselves to execute my
orders, and the enemy, who had a full view of our operations
from the opposite shore, declared that they had never seen so
much work performed in so short a time.

To all the commandants of corps 1 feel particular obligations.
These were colonel Miller of the 19th infantry, colonel Mills of
the Ohio militia, major Stoddard of the artillery, major Ball of >>
the dragoons, and major Johnson of the Kentucky militia. Cap-
tain Gratiot of the engineers, having been for a longtime much
indisposed, the task of fortifying this post devolved on captain
Wood. It could not have been placed in better hands. Permit
me to recommend him to the President, and to assure you that
any mark of his approbation bestowed on captain Wood, would
be highly gratifying to the whole of the troops who witnessed
his arduous exertions.

From major Hu\ill, acting inspector general, my aid-de-camp,
major Graham, lieutenant O'Fallon, who has done the duty of
assistant adjutant general in the absence of major Adams, and
my volunteer aid-de-camp John Johnson, esq. I received the
most useful assistance.

1 have the honour to enclose you a list of the killed and woun-
ded during the siege, and in the two sorties; those of the latter
were much greater than I had at first expected.

Want of sleep and exposure to the continued rains which
have fallen almost every day for some time past, render me incapa-
ble of mentioning many interesting particulars; amongst others
a most extraordinary proposition of general Proctor's, on the sub-
ject of the Indians within our boundary : this shall form the sub-
ject of a communication to be made to-morrow or next day, and
for which 1 will provide a safer conveyance than that which carries
this. All the prisoners and deserters agree in saying, that the
information given to major Stoddard, by Ryland, of the British
having launched a sloop of war this spring, is incorrect, and the

154

most of them say, that the one which is now building, will not be.
launched for many weeks.

I have the honour to be yours, &c.

WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON.

Honourable John Armstrong1,

Secretary of War.

P. S. Captain Price, of the regiment light artillery, and the
twenty regulars, prisoners with general Proctor, were taken on
the north-western side ol the river, with the Kentucky militia.
We had nO prisoners taken on this side during the siege.

GENERAL ORDERS.

HEAD QUARTERS, FORT MER1S, May 9th, 1813.

The information received by the general, and the movements of
the enemy, indicating their having abandoned this post, the gen-
eral congratulates his troops on having completely foiled their
foes, and put a stop to that career of victory which has hitherto
attended their arms. He cannot find words to express his sense
of the good conduct of the troops of every description and of
every corps, as well in sustaining and returning the fire of the
enemy, as for their assiduity and patience in performing those
laborious duties which the occasion called for. Where merit
was so general, indeed almost universal, it is difficult to discrim-
inate. The general cannot, however, omit to mention the names
of those whose situation gave them an opportunity of being more
particularly useful. From the long illness of captain Gratiot, of
the corps of engineers, the arduous and important duties of forti-
fying the camp devolved on captain Wood, of that corps. In
assigning to him the first palm of merit, as far as relates to the
transactions within the works, the general is convinced his deci-
sion will be awarded by every individual in the camp who wit-
nessed his indefatigable exertions, his consummate skill in
providing for the safety of every point, and in foiling every at-
tempt of the enemy, and his undaunted bravery in the performance
of his duty in the most exposed situations. An unfortunate
wound in the commencement of the siege deprived the general,
after that time, of the able services of major Stoddard, of the
artillery, whose zeal and talents had been eminently useful.
Captain Gratiot, in the remission of a severe illness, took charge
of a battery, and managed it with ability and effect. Captain
dishing, of the artillery, and captain Hall, of the 17th infantry,

\5b

(but doing duty wit!, the former corps) were extremely active and
attentive to their post. To colonel Miller and major Todd, of

the 19th United States' infantry; majors Ball of the dragoons,
Sodwick, and major Riteer of the Ohio militia, and major Johnson

Of the Kentucky militia, rendered the most important services.
To each of the above gentlemen, as well as to each captain,
subalti-rn, non-commissioned officer, and private of their respec-
tive commands, the general gives his thanks and expresses his
Warmest approbation ; also to adjutant Brown, Mr. Peters, con-
ductor of artillery ; Mr. Lieu, principal artificer : Mr. Timberlee,
and to Serjeants Henderson, Tomme's and Meldrum, who seve-
all v had charge of batteries and block-houses. The battery man-
aged by Serjeant Henderson was, as the enemy confessed, managed
with peculiar efficacy and etfect with respect to the sorties which
wore made on the "51 h instant. The subsequent information
which has been received from the prisoners, has given the gallant
|roops which were engaged on those occasions additional claims
upon the gratitude of their general. It i- ascertained that in
both instances the enemy far outnumbered our troops. The
general gives his thanks to brigadier general Clay, for the promp-
titude with which the detachment of hi- brigade were landed,
and the assiduity BhoWri by him in forming them for the attack
bn the left: to colonel Boswell and major Fletcher, for their
gallantry and good conduct in leading them in the charge made
On the enemy, and to captains Dudley, Simons and Medea. f, the

subalterns, non-commis&ioned officers and privates, for the dis-
tinguished valor with which they defeated the enemy. The gene-
ral has, in the order of the 6th instant, expressed his sense of the
conduct of the regular troops and volunteers, which were engaged
in the sorties on the left flank, but he omitted to mention captain
Sebree's company of Kentucky militia, whose gallantry was not
surpassed by that of any of the companies which fought by their
side. The Pittsburg blues, led by lieutenant M'Gee, in the ill-
ness of their gallant captain, sustained the reputation which they
had acquired at Mississineway. The Petersburg volunteers and
lieutenant Drum's detachment, discovered equal intrepidity. To
the detachments from the 17th and 19thUnited States' regiments,
under their respective commanders, captains Croghan, Bradford,
Langham, Elliott, and Nering, the honourable task was assigned
Of storming the British batteries, defended by two hundred Bri-
tish grenadiers and light infantry, flanked by an host of Indians
and two companies of Canadian 'militia. Colonel Miller speaks
in the highest terms of the captains before mentioned, and lieute-
nants Campbell, Gwynn, Lee, Kercheval and Rees ; and of en-
signs Shep, Hawkins, Harrison, Mitchell, and Stockton. The
general requests colonel Miller, major Todd, and each of the
officers above named, together with all the officers, non-commis-
sioned officers and soldiers, who were engaged on the fifth in stant^

156

to accept his thanks. The general is under the highest obliga-
tions to his staff for their conduct, as well in the action of the
fifth as for the assistance which he received from them throughout
the siege. Major Hukill, the acting inspector general, distin-
guished himself by his assiduity in forwarding the part of our
works which was most necessary and which was most exposed
to the fire of the enemy. From major Graham, his aid-de-camp,
his volunteer aid -de-camp, J. Johnson, esq. and from lieutenant
O'Fallon, acting assistant adjutant general, as well as from the
deputy quarter-master, Mr. Eubank, he received the greatest
assistance.

It rarely occurs that a general has to complain of the excessive
ardour of his men, yet such appears always to be the case when-
ever the Kentucky militia are engaged. It is indeed the source
of all their misfortunes. They appear to think that their valour
can alone accomplish any thing. The general is led to make tins
remark from the conduct of captain Dudley's company of the

regiment, as he has understood that that gallant officer was

obliged to turn his espontoon against his company to oblige them
to desist from a further pursuit of the enemy, in compliance with
an order from the general. Such temerity, although not so dis-
graceful, is scarcely less fatal than cowardice. And in the in-
stance above, had it been persisted in, would have given a differ-
ent result to the action, as the whole of the enemy's force which
were placed near the batteries, would have been precipitated upon
the rear of our detachment. The pursuit being stopped, allowed
time for a new disposition under cover of our cannon, and the.
enemy's batteries were attacked and carried without difficulty.

JOHN O'FALLON,

Acting assist. Jidj. Gen.

LOWER SANDUSKY, May 13th, 1813.

SIR,

Having ascertained that the enemy (Indians as well as Bri-
tish) had entirely abandoned the neighbourhood of the Rapids, I
eft the command of Camp Meigs with general Clay, and came
here last night. It is with the greatest satisfaction I inform you,
sir, that the loss of the Kentucky troops in killed, on the north
side of the river, does not exceed fifty. On the 10th and 11th
instant, I caused the ground which was the scene of action, and
its environs, to be carefully examined, and after the most diligent
search, forty -five bodies only of our men were discovered;
amongst them was the leader of the detachment, colonel Dudley.
No other officer of note fell in the action. I have strong reason
to believe that a considerable number of the Kentuckians effected
their retreat up the river to fort Winchester. General Proctor
did not furnish me with a return of the prisoners in his possession,

157

although repeatedly promised. His retreat was as precipitate as
it tould properly be, Leaving a number of cannon ball, a new
elegant >linir carriage for cannon, and other valuable articles.
The night before his departure, two 'persons that were employed
in the British gUn-boata (Americans bv birth) deserted to us. The
information they gave me was very interesting: they say that
the Indian-, of which there were from 1600 to 2000, left the Brit-
ish the day before their departure, in a high state of dissatisfac-
tion, from' the great loss they had sustained in the several en-
gagements of the 5th, and the failure of the British in accom-
plishing their promise of taking the post at the Rapids. From the
account given by these men, my opinion is confirmed of the great
superiority of the enemy which were defeated by our troops in the
two sallies made on the 5th inst. That led by colonel Miller did
not exceed 350 men, and it is very certain that they defeated 200
British regulars, 150 militia, and 4 or 500 Indians. That Ameri-
can regulars (although they were raw recruits) and such men as
compose the Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and Petersburg (Va.) volun-
teer-, should behave well isnotto.be wondered at; but that a
company of militia should maintain it- ground against four times
it- number, as did captain Sebree's, of the Kentucky, is truly as-
tonishino-. These brave fellows were a' length, however, entirely
surrounded bv Indians, and would have been cut off, but for the
gallantry of lieutenant (nivnne, of the 19th regiment, who, with
part of captain Elliott's company, charged the enemy, and re-
leased the Kentuckian-. I enclose you a list of the killed and
wounded during the whole siege ;— it is considerably larger than
1 supposed it would be, when 1 last wrote you — but it is satis-
factory to know, that they did not bleed uselessly, but in the
course of successful exertions. The return does not embrace
those who fell on the north-western side of the Miami.

You will also receive, herewith, a monthly return of the troops
at camp Meigs for the last month ; the communication with the
other post- being cut off, the returns were not received. A copy
of general Clay's report to me, of the manner of his executing
my order, for the attack on the enemy's batteries, is likewise tor-
warded, bv which it will be seen that my intentions were per-
fectly understood, and the great facility with which they might
have been executed, is apparent to every individual who witnessed
the scene. Indeed the cannon might have been spiked, the car-
riages cut to pieces, the magazine "destroyed, and the retreat ef-
fected to the boats, without the loss of a man, as none were killed
in taking the batteries, so complete was the surprise.

An extensive open plain intervenes between the river and the
hill, upon which the batteries of the enemy were placed ; this
plain was raked by four of our eighteen pounders, a twelve and a
six. The enemv", even before their guns were spiked, could not
have brought one' to bear upon it. So perfectly secured was their

158

yetre.at, that the 150 men who came oft", effected it without loss,
and brought off some of the wounded, one of them on the backs
of his comrades. The Indians followed them to the woods, but
dared not enter into the plain.

I am unable to form a correct estimate of the enemy's force.
The prisoners varied much in their accounts ; those who made
them least, stated the regulars at 560, and militia at 800, but the
numbers of the Indians were, beyond comparison, greater than
have ever been brought into the field before ; numbers arrived,
after the seige commenced. I have caused their camps on the
south-east side of the river, to be particularly examined, and the
general opinion is, that there could not have been fewer on that
side, than 1000 or 1200; they were, indeed, the efficient force of
the enemy.

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your favours,
of the 14th, 18th, and 28th ultimo, and 5th instant

I am soivy to inform you, that major Stoddard died the night
before I left the Rapids, of a lock-jaw, produced by a slight
Avound, from a fragment of a shell, which struck him on the thigh.
Several have died in this way, from their great and unavoidable
exposure to the cold ; but perhaps there were never so many in-
stances of desperate wounds likely to do well.

The gallant captain Bradford will recover.

I shall go from here, to Upper Sandusky, and shall take my
station at Delaware or Franklinton, until the troops are assembled.
General Clay, who commands at the Rapids, is a man of capacity,
and entirely to be relied on.

I have the honour to be, &c.

WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON.

The Hon. John Armstrong,

Secretary of War.

Killed 81, — wounded 189, in the seige of camp Meigs and the several
sorties of the 5th of May, 1813.

eAMP AT FORT MEIGS, May 13th, 1813.

SIR,

On the 5th instant, about 8 o'clock, A. M. descending the
Miami of the lake, about midway to the Rapids, with 1200 of the
Kentucky troops in the eighteen flat bottomed boats, I was met
by captain Hamilton and a subaltern, who delivered me, (as he
said) the orders of major general Harrison, to the following ef-
fect :

" You must detach about 800 men from your brigade, who will
land at a point 1 will show, about one or one and a half miles
above the tort, and 1 will conduct them to the British batteries on
the left bank of the river. They must take possession of the

159

enemy's cannon, spike them, cut down the carriages, and return
to their boats."

Observing that the British force at their large batteries, was in-
considerable, but that their main force was at the old garrison,
about l^ miles below, on the same side of the river; that the
Indian forces were chiefly on the right bank of the river: "The
balance of the men under your command, must land on the right
bank, opposite to the first landing, and will fight their way through
the Indians to the fort:" observing that the route thus to betaken,
would be shown by a subaltern officer there, in company with
captain Hamilton, who would land the perogue at the point on
the right bank, at which the boats would land.

The order of descending the river in boats, was the same as
the order of march in the line of battle, in solid column, each
officer taking position according to his rank. Colonel Dudley,
the eldest colonel, led the van, and in this order the river had
been descended. As soon as captain Hamilton had delivered
these orders, being in the thirteenth boat from the front, I directed
him to proceed immediately to colonel Dudley, and order him to
take the men in the twelve front boats, and execute general Har-
rison's orders on the left bank of the river ; and to post his (cap-
tain Hamilton's) subaltern on the right bank to conduct myself
with the men in the six boats to the fort. I ordered the five boats
in the rear to fall in a line, and follow me. High winds and the
rapidity of the current, drove four of the rear boats ashore, in
the attempt to follow on according to order, where they remained
a short time, sufficient, however, to detain them half, or three
quarters of a mile to the rear. To land according to order, I
kept close along the right bank, until opposite colonel Dudley's
landing. There I found no guide left to conduct me to the fort,
as captain Hamilton had promised. 1 then made an attempt to
cross the river and join colonel Dudley, but from the rapid current
on the falls, I was unable to land on the point with him. Being
nearly half way across the river, and the waves running too high
to risk the boats ; then driving down the current sidewise — veered
about the boat and rowed the best way we could to save our boat.

My attempt to cross the river to colonel Dudley, occasioned
all the boats, (I presume in the rear of me) and which were then
out of hailing distance, to cross over and land with colonel Dud-
ley. Having been defeated in landing on the left, we then en-
deavoured to eftect one on the right, even without a guide : but
before a landing could be effected, we received a brisk fire from
the enemy on shore, which was returned and kept up on both sides.
And I was in this unavoidable situation, compelled to make fort
Meigs, with no other force than about 50 men on board, (the other
boats being still in the rear) and to receive the enemy's fare, until
we arrived under the protection of the fort. Colonel Boswell's
command (except the men in my boat) having landed to join colo-
nel Dudley, were, as I have been informed, ordered by captain

1G0

Hamilton immediately to embark and land on the right hand shore,
about a mile above the fort, and prepare to fight his way through
to the garrison.

The colonel embarked, landed, as he conceived, at the proper
point, pursuant to captain Hamilton's order, and was forming his
men in order of battle, when he was met by captain Shaw, and
ordered to march into the garrison at open order, the safest route.

When my own boat landed, we were met by two men who took
charge of the boat, as we understood, to bring her under the pro- •
tection of the fort batteries. Believing our baggage to be thus
made safe, we forbid our servants to carry any portion of it, but
loaded them with cannon ball, which thev bore to the fort. Our
baggage was, however, taken by the Indians in a very short time
after we left the boat. Upon receiving the orders of captain
Hamilton, I asked if he had brought spikes to spike the enemy's
cannon, to which he replied he had plenty.

I am, sir, respectfully, &c.
GREEN CLAY, Brig. Gen.

His excellency major general Harrison.

P. S. Captain Hamilton, on delivering the orders of general
Harrison, observed, that the object of landing and marching a
portion of the troops on the right bank, was to draw the attention
of the Indians, and by thus engaging them, aftbrd an opportunity
to the garrison to make a sally, and by a circuitous route, surprise
and carry the batteries and cannon of the enemy below the fort
on the right bank.

BRIGADE ORDERS.

BRIGADE HEAD QUARTERS,

Camp, Tour Mile Creek, May 26th, 1813.

Conformity to the general order of the 25th and 26th instant,
the first brigade will embark at 3 o'clock to-morrow morning.
The several regiments will hold themselves in readiness accord-
ingly. The boats of the brigade will form in three lines suc-
ceeding colonel Scott's advance party. The 15th regiment,
formed in column of battalion, the right in front, will precede.
The 6th and 16th will successively tollow in the same order.
Colonel Mdure's volunteers will ilank the right of the brigade,
and move accordingly. Four pieces of the light artillery will
move in the rear of the 1 8th regiment, and four in the rear of the
16th regiment; the first four to form on the right of the brigade,
the other to form on the left of the brigade. The troops will land
in column, and form immediately in order of battle. Colonel
Miller, of the 6th, on the right, major King, of the 15th, in the

161

centre, and colonel Pearce, of the 16th, on the left. Colonei
M'Clure's volunteers on the right flank of the brigade. The com-
manding officers of regiments will carry +he regimental standard
in the boat in which they embark, and each boat its regimental,
camp colour. To guard the stores and camp equipage of each.
regiment, one commissioned officer, one non-commissioned officer,
and a sufficient Dumber of non-effiectives, will be left.

The commanding officers of regiments will be responsible that
the boat-, which have been assigned to them, are in perfect readi-
ness to receive the troops by the time designated for embarkation.

The troops which compose the 1st brigade, have already oiice
triumphed over the foe they have again to encounter. Their
oeuntry expects much from them, and will not be disappointed.
With their present numbers and accustomed bravery, the flag of
the United stated will once more wave over the territory of Ca-
nada.

JOHN P. BOYD,
Brig. Gen. Comd'g 1st Brigade:

HEAD QUARTERS, FOI{T GEORGE,

Upper Canada, May 27th, 1813.

SIR,

The light troops under the command of colonel Scott and
major Forsyth, landed this morning at 9 o'clock. Major general
Lew is's division, \\ ith coloi el Porter's command of light artillery,
supported them. General Boyd's brigade landed immediately
afte, (lie lignt troops, and general-; Winder and Chandler fol-
lowed in quick succession. The landing was warmly and obsti-
nately disputed by the British forces; but the coolness and intre-
Sidity of our troops, soon compelled them to give ground in every
irection. Genera) Chandler with the reserve (composed of his.
brigade and colonel Macomb's artillery) covered the whole.
Commodore Chauncej had made the most judicious arrange-
ments for silencing the enemy's batteries near the point of land-
ing. The army is under the greatest obligation to that able
naval commander, for his indefatigable exertions, in co-operating
in all its important movements, and especially in its operations
this day. Our batteries succeeded in rendering fort George un-
tenable ; and when the enemy had been beaten from his position,
and found it necessary to re-enter it, after firing a few guns,
and setting fire to the magazines, which soon exploded, moved
©if rapidly in dift'erent routes. Our light troops pursued them
several miles. The troops having been underarms from 1 o'clock
in the morning, were too much exhausted for any further pursuit.
We are now in possession of fort George and its immediate de-
pendencies ; to morrow we shall proceed further. The behaviour
«f our troops, both officers and men, entitle them to the highest
21

16S

praise : and the difference of our loss with that of the enemy..
• . we consult _s his posidons afforded hin

- ng. We had sevemeen killed and forty five wounded.
T . had ninety killed and one hundred and sixty woun-

ded of * . :lar troop-. We have taken one hundred prisoners

exclusive oi the wounded. Major Meyers of the 49th was
wounded 2nd taken prisoner. Of ours only one commissioned
officer was killed. Lieutenant Hobart, of the light artillery. Ia-
. »ed is the report of major general Lewis.

I have the honour to be, >\ .

II. DEARBORN.
H . n. John Armstrong1.

ON THE FIELD. 1 o'clock. V

DEAR SIR,

r rt George and its dependencies are ours. The enemy,

ten at all points, has blown up Ids magazines and retired. It

possible at this moment to say any tiling of individual

lantrv. TTiere was no man who did nor perform his dut\ in a

manner which did honour to himself and his country, ^cott and

Forsyth's :;>roniands. supported by Boyd's and Winder's brigades.

- -^ined t t of the action." Our loss is trifling, perhaps

nore than twenty killed and thrice that number wounded.

left in the hospital one hundred and twenty -four,

- ral on board the fleet. We have also made about

one hundred prisoners of the regular forces.

I am, sir, vour obedient servant,
' " MORGAN LEWIS.

BRIGADE ORDER.

NEWARK. I 1, 1813.

The general commanding 1st brigade feels a peculiar satisfac-
tion in c g _ oop> on their glorious achievements
of vesterduv. Their conduct was such as to entitle them to the
thanks of their commander, and the gratitude of their country.

Colonel Miller of the 6th regiment deserves great applause
for the s - and rapidity with which he supported the

advance I galla it S : : the 15th, under major

K _-. .. share in 1 honour of the day, immediately

rided and formed under a most galling fire : the 16th, under
colonel Pearce. urged their boats to t t, and bore an honour-

able participation" in the contest. The light artillery, under
colonel Porter, merits the highest encomiums, for their indefati-

«:: ^gade was not in this action. The battle •eras won by

rigadeand S 1 Forsvtl -:•-■:■; Winder was en-

— -

163

gable exertions and persevering success in brin<rin2 up their

-ui mounted ei
ed from colonel M'< lure's voluntoi - g » ntit

: it will be his duty a- well a>> i:. a to

•• the ir i - know n to the commander in chief. As al

>eha\ed so well, it would be a difficult task to di&crinu

eminent; but the general caniiot supj --

- idmiration of the I le of major K. aued to

1 • - test, long iter

rat mad debilitating 1 e exertions

imlmenwl ! the bank ami formed amidst

itructive fire, t - admiration, i -■ mished

I - aid will convince their countrymen as well - I

that ratonr will o\eicome even - \ince. 1 • general will

find . ^faction in obeying the order of the commander in

chief, which required him ke a report of < - tous merit,

found in the commissioned officer or in the rank-, and

may l>.- assured that their disting - actions shall not

- without the proper encomi; .

\ . _ i/ed discriminate merit,

he ii .duct of

bis aid-de-caiup, lieutenant Whiting ;or captain

1 i i\e justified hia -, and are entitled

If there i- ai,\ ,r due to your brigadier general, it is his

having had the command of sucli _ at band

Jer of bri^adit g al Bo
* 11. \ SG,

SACKETTS HARBOR, Ksj 29th, 1813.

DK \R SIR,

:ked at the dawn of this day l - regular

fore- . - • at lea*t, 900 men, most probably 1200. The

id. The enemy's fleet cc B
of two ships - .aid thirty I en beats.

elv victori I enemy let- - !v num-

ber of killed ami wounded on the field, among the nun. - eral
officers of distinction. After having re-embarked t :it me a

ir killed and wounded attended to. I

made them satisfied upon that su;je< :t Ai eri - rtin-

_ »hed for humanity ami braver}*. Our lo»s is not numei

but serious from the great worth ofthose who have fallen. Lieu-

r.t colonel Mills - - ' dead at tiie commencement of

the action, and lieutenant colonel Bacchus, of the nent of

-. nobly fell at tue head of bis regiment as victory

declaring kqrns. I will not presume t<> - tbis regiment;

.cl on this day merit* much mure than pr*

164

'Hie new ship and commodore Chauncey's prize, the "Duke of
Gloucester," are yet safe in Sackett's Harbor.

Sir George Prevost landed and commanded in person. Sir
James Yeo commanded the enemy's fleet.

I have the honour to be, &c.

JACOB BROWN.
Slajor general Dearborn.

P. S. It is very probable we shall be again attacked, as sir
George Prevost must feel very sore. We are however greatly
reinforced from the country, and by the arrival of 450 regulars
under colonel Tuttle, who arrived very shortly after the action
was over, and I trust that you may rest satisfied that we shall
not be disgraced.

FORT GEORGE, June 6th, 1813.

SIR,

I have received an express from the head of the lake this
evening, with the intelligence that our troops were attacked at
2 o'clock this morning, by the whole British force and Indians ;
and by some strange fatality, though our loss was small and the
enemy was completely routed and driven from the field,# both
br die? generals Chandler and Winder were taken prisoners.
They; had advanced to ascertain the situation of a company of
artillery, where the attack commenced. General Chandler had
his horse shot under him and was bruised by the fall. General
Vincent, their commander, is supposed to have been killed.
Colonel Clark was mortally wounded, and fell into our hands,
with sixty prisoners of the 49th. The command devolved on
colonel Burn, who has retired to the Forty Mile Creek. If
either of the general officers had remained in command, the ene-
my would have been pursued and cut up, or if colonel Burn h°ad
been an officer of infantry. The loss of the enemy in killed,
wounded, and prisoners, must exceed two hundred and fifty. The
enemy sent in a flag next morning with a request to bury their
dead. Generals Lewis and Boyd set off immediately to join the
advanced army. I never so severely felt the want of health as at
present, at a time when my services might perhaps be most useful,
.Ihope general Hampton will repair here as soon as possible.

I have the honour to be, &c.

H. DEARBORN.
Hon. John Armstrong".

L'ORIENT, (FRANCE,) June 12th, 181S.

*IR,

I have the honour to inform you that the United States' brig
Argus, has arrived here in a passage of 33 days, all well. On our

165

passage foil in with (in pursuing our course) the British schoo&ei
{Salamanca, (formerly the King of Rome, of Now York) of L2<-(\
tons, pierced for eighteen guns, mounting six, and manned with
sixteen men. She was from Oporto, bound to Newfoundland in
ballast : captured and burnt her.

I shall immediately proceed to put in execution your orders as
to our ulterior destination.

I have the honour tobe,

WILLIAM H. ALLEN.
Hon. Wm. Jones, Secretary- of the Navy.

NIAGARA, June 14th, 1813.
SIR,

You will perceive by the enclosed copy of orders marked 1,
that general Dearborn, from indisposition, has resigned his com-'
maud, not only of the Niagara army-, but of the district, i i ve
doubts whether he will ever again be lit for sendee. He lias been
repeatedly in a state of convalescence, but re!.., - - on the least
agitation of mind.

In my last I mentioned the unfortunate circumstance of the
capture of our two brigadiers, Chandler and Winder. The par-
ticulars are detailed in the report of colonel Burn, which he gives
from the b»-^t information he could collect. His corps lay a con-
siderable distance from the scene of active operation, as you will
perceive by the enclosed diagram, which is on a scale of about
one hundred yards in the inch. The light corps spoken of, were
captains Hindraan's, Nicholas's, and Middle's company of the 2d
artillery, serving as infantry. These three gentlemen, and captains
Archer and Towson, of the same regiment, and Leonard, of the
light artillery, are soldiers who would honour any service. Their
gallantry, and that of their companies, was equally conspicuous
on this occasion as in the aft'air of the 27th ultimo. A view of
general Chandler's encampment will be sufficient to show that his
disaster was owing to its arrangements. Its centre being; its
weakest point, and that being discovered by the enemy in the
evening, received the combined attack of the whole force, and
his line was completely cut. The gallantry of the oth, 25th, and
part of the 23d, and light troops, saved the army. Of the 5th
it is said, that when the day broke, not a man was missing — and
that a part of the 23d, under major Armstrong, was found sus-
taining its left flank. Their tire was irresistible, and the enemy-
was compelled to give way. Could he have been pressed the
next morning, his destruction was inevitable. He was dispersed in
every direction, and even his commanding general was missing,
without his hat or horse. I understand he was found ihe next
morning almost famished, at a dhta*nr^ «f four miles from the
srenp of action.

160

Lieutenant M'Chesney's gallantry recovered a piece of artillery,
and prevented the capture of others. He merits promotion for it.

On the evening of the Gth of June, 1 received the order No.
4, and joined the army at 5 in the afternoon of the 7th. I found
it at the Forty -Mile Creek, ten miles in the rear of the ground
on which it had been attacked, encamped on a plain of a mile in
width, with its right flank on the lake, and its left on the creek
which skirts the base of a perpendicular mountain of a consider-
able height. On mv route I received No. 5 and 6, enclosed.

At 6 in the evening, the hostile fleet hove in sight, though its
character could not be ascertained with precision. We lay on our
arms all night. At dawn of day struck our tents, and descried
the hostile squadron abreast of us, about a mile from the shore.
Our boats which transported the principal part of our baggage and
ramp equipage lay on the beach ; it was a dead calm, and about 6,
the enemy towed in a large schooner, which opened her fire on our
boats. As soon as she stood for the shore, her object being evident,
I ordered down Archer's and Towson's companies, with four
pieces of artillery, to resist her attempts. 1, at the same time,
sent captain Totten, of the engineers (a most valuable officer) to
construct a temporary furnace for heating shot, which was pre-
pared and in operation in less than 30 minutes. Her fire was re-
turned with a vivacity and effect (excelled by no artillery in the
universe) which soon compelled her to retire. A party of savages
now made their appearance on the brow of the mountain, (which
being perfectly bald, exhibited them to our view,) and commenced
a fire on our camp. I ordered colonel Chrystie to dislodge them,
who entered on the service with alacrity, but found himself antici-
pated by lieutenant Eldridge, the adjutant of his regiment, who,
with a promptness and gallantry highly honourable to that young
officer, had already gained the summit of the mountain, with a
party of volunteers, and routed the barbarian allies of the defender
of the Christian faith. This young man merits the notice of go-
vernment.

These little affairs cost us not a man. Sir James Yeo, being
disappointed of a tragedy, next determined, in true dramatic style,
to amuse us with a farce. An officer, with a flag, was sent to me
from bis ship, advising me, that as 1 was invested with savages in
my rear, a fleet in my front, and a powerful army on my flank, he,
and the officers commanding his Britannic majesty's land forces,
thought it their duty to demand a surrender of my army. 1 an-
swered, that the message was too ridiculous to merit a reply.

No. 7 was delivered to me, about G this morning; between 7
and 8 o'clock, the four wagons we had, being loaded, first with the
sick, and next with the ammunition, &c. the residue of camp
equipage and baggage was put in boats, and a detachment of 200
men of the 6th regiment, detailed to proceed in them. Orders
were prepared to be given them to defend the boats, and if as- j
sailed by any of the enemy's small vessels, to carry them by

oarding. By some irregularity, which I have not been able t»
iscover, the boats put off without the detachments, induced pro-
ably bv the stillness of the morning. When they had progressed
bout three miles, a breeze sprang up, and an armed schooner
verhauled them ; those who were enterprizing kept on and es-
aped, others ran to the shore and deserted their boats; we lost
vvelve of the number, principally containing the baggage of the
fficers and men.

At ten, I put the army in motion, on our return to this place,
["he savages and incorporated militia hung on our flanks and rear
liroughout the march, and picked up a few stragglers. On our
etiring, the British army advanced, and now occupy the ground
ve left.

The enemy's fleet is constantly hovering on our coast, and in-
errupting our supplies. The night before last, being advised ot
heir having chased into Eighteen Mile Creek, two vessels laden
rith hospital stores, &c. I detached at midnight, 75 men for their
irotection. The report of the day is (though not official) that they
irrived too late for their purpose, and that the stores were lost.

I have the honour to be, &c.

MORGAN LEWIS.

Honourable John Armstrong ,

Secretary of War.

Ueport of killed, wounded and missing, in the action of the 6th of

Jane, at Stoney Creek.

Killed, 17

Wounded, - - - - - 38

Missing, - .... 99

Total, 154

HALIFAX, June 15th, 1813.

SIR,

The unfortunate death of captain James Lawrence, and lieu-
tenant Augustus C. Ludlow, has rendered it my duty to inform
you of the capture of the late United States' frigate Chesapeake.

On Tuesday, June 1st, at 8 A. M. we unmoored ship, and at
meridian got under weigh from President's Roads, with a light
wind from the southward and westward, and proceeded on a cruise.
A ship was then in sight in the offing, which had the appearance
of a ship of war, and which, from information received from pilot-
boats and craft, we believed to be the British frigate Shannon.
We made sail in chase, and cleared ship for action. At half past
4 P. M. she hove to with her head to the southward and eastward.
At 5 P. Mi took in the royals and top-gallant sails, and at half

16fc

past 5, hauled the courses up. About 15 minutes before 6 P. Ml
fee action commenced within pistol shot. The first broadside did
great execution on both sides, damaged our rigging, killed, among
others, Mr. "White the sailing master, and wounded captain Law-
rence. In about 1 2 minutes after the commencement of the action,
we fell on board of the enemy, and immediately after, one of our
arm chests on the quarter-deck was blown up by a hand-grenade
thrown from the enemy's ship. In a few minutes, one of the cap-
tain's aids came on the gun-deck to inform me that the boarders
were called. I immediately called the boarders away, and pro •
ceeded to the spar-deck, where I found that the enemy had suc-
ceeded in boarding us, and gained possession of our quarter deck.
I immediately gave orders to haul on board the fore-tack, for the
purpose of shooting the ship clear of the other, and then made an
attempt to re -gain the quarter-deck, but was w ounded and thrown
down on the gun-deck. I again made an effort to collect the
boarders, but in the mean time the enemy had gained complete
possession of the ship. On my being carried down in the cock-
pit, I there found captain Lawrence and lieutenant Ludlow, both
mortally wounded ; the former had been carried below, previously
to the ship's being boarded ; the latter was wounded in attempting
to repel the boarders. Among those who fell early in the action,
was Mr. Edward J. Ballard, the 4th lieutenant, and lieutenant
James Broom, of marines.

I herein enclose you a return of the killed and wounded, by
which you will perceive that every officer, upon whom the charge
of the ship would devolve, was either killed or wounded, previously
to her capture. The enemy report the loss of Mr. Watt, their first
lieutenant, the purser, the captain's clerk, and 23 seamen killed ;
and captain Broke, a midshipman, and 56 seamen wounded

The Shannon, had, in addition to her full complement, an officer
and 16 men belonging to the Belle Poule, and a part of the crew

belonging to the Tenedos.

I have the honour be, &c.

GEORGE BUBD:

The Hon. "William Jones,

Secretary of the Navy, Washington.

Return of killed and wounded on board the Chesapeake, in her
action with the Shannon.

illed — Officers,

- 10

Wounded — Officers,

- 21

Seamen,

- - 26

Seamen, -

- - 57

Marines, -

- 11

Marines,

- 20

Total killed, 47

Total wounded, 98

169

SACKETT'S HARBOR, June 18th, 1813.

MR,

According to your orders of the 14th instant, I proceeded off
Presque Isle, in the schooner Lady of the Lake. On the morning
of the Kith fell in with and captured the English schooner Ladj
Murray, from Kingston, bound to York, loaded with provisions
and ammunition.

Enclosed ia a list of one ensign, fifteen non-commissioned offi-
• ers and privates, found on board, with six men attacked to the
vessel.

I have the honour to be, &c.

WOLCOTT CHAUNCEY.

Commodore Chuuucer.

SIR,

MONTREAL, June 13th, 1813.

I deem if mv duty to embrace the earliest opportunity possi-
ble to u,iv»' you ;i more detailed account of the affair of the oth in-
stant near Stony Creek, than 1 have before had it in mv power to do.
On the morning of the 5th I arrived at Forty Mile Creek. The
detachment under general Winder was then under marching
Orders for Stony Creek. After a short halt the whole marched
Tor that place and arrived there between live and six o'clock, P. M.
at which place a small picket of the enemy was posted, but retired
on our approach. The advanced guard pursued, and soon tell in
with a picket of about !()<> strong, under colonel Williams. A
skirmish ensued. I hastened to the main body. Williams retreat-
ed, and our advance pursued. The pursuit was continued rather
longer than I could have wished, but returned to their proper posi-
tion in the line of march, not far from sun-set. 1 had ordered the
13th and 14th, who were in the rear, to take » position for the
night, near the mouth of the creek, to coyer the boats, (should
they arrive) which would be no the route which I intended to pur-
sue the next morning; and a favourable position presenting itself,
I encamped with the residue of the troops (except captain Archer's
company of artillery, which encamped with the 13th and 14th) on
the spot where we had halted, with an advanced picket from half
to three quarters of a mile in front, with express orders for them to
keep out constantly a patrole. A right and left flank guard and a
rear guard were also posted. 1 gave positive orders for the troops
to lay on their arms. Contrary to my orders fires were kindled ;
but there are doubts whether this operated for or against us, as the
fires of the 23th, which were in tront, and by my orders had
been abandoned, enabled us to see a small part of the enemy,
while the fires on our left enabled the enemy to see our line. On
the whole, I think it operated against us. I did expect the enemy
would attack us that night, if he intended to fight; but perhaps
this was not expected by all. I had my horse confined near me,

170

aad directed that the harness should not be taken from the artil-
lery hor es. I directed where and how the line should be formed,
in case of attack. About an hour before day-light on the morn-
ing of the 6th, the alarm was given. I was instantly up, and the
2.5th, which lay near me, was almost as instantly formed, as well
as the 5th and 2Sd, which was on the left, under the immediate
eye of general Winder. Owing to the neglect of the front
picket, or some other cause, the British forces say that they were
not hailed, or an alarm given, until they were within 300 yards
of our line. The extreme darkness prevented us from seein or
knowing at what point they intended to attack us, until an attack
was made upon our right. A well directed fire was opened upon
them from the 25th, and from nearly the whole line. After a few
minutes I heard several muskets in our rear, in the direction of
the rear guard, and then expected that the enemy had gained our
rear by some path unkown to us, and was about to attack us in.
the rear. I instantly ordered colonel Milton, with the 5th, to
form in our rear near the woods, to meet such circumstances as
might take place, knowing that I could call him to any other
point if necessary, at any moment. I had observed that the ar-
tillery was not covered, and directed general Winder to cause the
23d to be formed so far to the right, that their right should cover
the artillery. At this moment I heard a new burst of fire from
the enemy's left, on our right, and not able to see any thing which
took place, I set out full speed towards the right, to take mea-
sures to prevent my right flank from being turned, which I ex-
pected was the object of the enemy. I had proceeded but a few
yards before my horse fell under me, by which fall I received a
serious injury. Here was a time when 1 have no recollection of
what passed, but I presume it was not long. As soon as I re-
covered, T recollected what my object was, and made my way to
the right, and ^ave major Smith such directions as I thought,
proper, to prevent his right from being turned by surprise. I was
then returning toward the centre, and when near the artillery,
heard men, who, by the noise, appeared to be in confusion, it
being the point at which I expected the 23d to be formed; I ex-
pected it was that regiment.

I approached them, and as soon as I was near enough, I saw a
body of men, who I thought to be the 23d, in the rear of the ar-
tillery, broken. I hobbled in amongst them, and began to rally
them, and directed them to form ; but I soon found my mistake;
it was the British 49th who had pushed forward to the head of
their column, and gained the rear of the artillery. I was imme-
diately disarmed, and conveyed down the column to its rear. It
Avas not yet day, and the extreme darkness of the night, to which
was added the smoke of the fire, put it totally out of our power
to see the situation of the enemy. This was all that saved their
columns from sure and total destruction, of which some of their
officers are aware. After seeing the situation of the column as I

171

t tagged, I did hope ami expect that general Winder, on the
ii -i dawn of li^ht, would See their situation, and bring colonel.
Milton with the 5th (whom [had still kept in reserve until I could
have day -light to discern their situation) to attack this column,
whirl) I am sure he would have done to advantage ; but, to my
mortification, I -non learned that he had fallen into the same mis-
take with myself; ami by endeavouring to learn what was taking
■lace in the centre, he was also taken, as well as major Van De
ter. To the extreme darkness of the night, the enemy's
knowledge of hi9 intended point of attack, and our aot know-
ing at what point to expect him, must be attributed this partial
success, and not to a want of strength or bravery in our troops,
who general!} behaved remarkably well under all circumstances]
and however unfortunate the event, as it relates to myself, 1 otdy
ask thai all the circumstances may be taken into consideration, in
making upvour opinion upon the conduct of general Winder
ami m\ self in this affair, which 1 am sure you \\ ill do, and I flatter
myself you will gee no cause of (ensure. 1 regret that nn decre-
pid situation, and the rapidity with which we have been brought

10 this plate, has put it out of my power to give \ou a detailed

mnl ol the affair earlier. 1 am now able to walk some with
the aid of a cane, and hope 1 shall continue to recover.

1 have the honour to be, 8cc.
JUilX CH ^NDLER,

Brigadier General.
r General Dearborn.

WAV* YARD, GOSPORT, June 21st, 181J.
SIR,

On Saturday, at 11 P. Nt. captain Tarhell moved with the
flotilla under his command, consisting of 15 gun-boats in two
divisions ; lieutenant John M. Gardner, Is1 division, and lieutenant

it Henley, the 2d, manned from the frigate : and 50 musket-
neral Taylor ordered from C'raney Island, and proceeded.
down the riverj but adverse winds and squalls prevented his
approaching the enemj until Sunday morning at 4 P. M. when
the flotilla commenced a heavy galling fire on a frigate, at about
three quarters of a mile distance, lying well up the roads, two
other frigates lying in sight At half past 4 a breeze sprung up
from easl north east, which enabled the two frigates to £et tinder
way, one a razee or very heavy -hip, and the other a frigate, to
come near into the action. The boats in consequence of their
approach hauled off, though keeping up a well directed lire on the
razee and other ship, which gave us several broad-ides. The fri-
gate first engaged, supposed to be the Junon, was certainly very
severely handled. Had the calm continued one half hour, that
frigate must have fallen int» m hands or been destroyed* Sh«

172

must have slipt her mooring so as to drop nearer the razee, who
had all sails sot coming up to her with the other frigate. The
action continued one hour and a half with the three ships. Shortly-
after the action the razee got along side of the ship, and had her
upon a deep careen in a little time with a number of boats and
beiges round her. I am satisfied considerable damage was done
to her, for she was silenced some time, until the razee opened her
fire, when she commenced again. Our loss is very trifling. Mr.
Allison, master's mate on board number 139, was killed early in
the action b\ an eighteen pound ball, which passed through him
and lodged in the mast. Number 134 had a shot between wind
and water. Number 67 had her franklin shot away, and several
of them had some of their sweeps as well as their stauntions shot
away ; but two men slightly injured by the splinters from the
sweeps. On the flood tide several ships of the line and frigates
came into the roads, and we did expect an attack last night. There
are now in the roads thirteen ships of the line and frigates, one
brig and several tenders.

1 cannot say too much of the officers and men on this occasion,
for every man appeared to go into action with so much cheerful-
ness, apparently to do their duty, resolved to conquer. I had a
better opportunity of discovering their actions than any one else,
being in my boat the whole of the action.

I have the honour to be, &c.

JOHN CASSIN.

The Secretary of the Navy .

ATTACK UPON CRANEY ISLAND.

NAVY YARD, GOSPORT, June 23d, 1813.
SIR,

I have the honour to inform you that on the 20th the enemy
got under way, in all thirteen sail, and dropped up to the mouth
of James River, one ship bearing a flag at the mizen. At 5 P. M.
were discovered making great preparation with troops for landing,
having a number of boats for the purpose. Finding Craney Island
rather weak manned, captain Tarbell directed lieutenants Neale.
Shubrick and Sander:-, with 100 seamen on shore, at 11 A. M. to
a small battery on the north west point of the island. Tuesday
B2d, at the dawn, the enemy were discovered landing round the
point of Nansemond River, said to be 4,000 troops ; and at 8 A.
M. the barges attempted to land in front of the island, out of reach
of the shot from the gun-boats, when lieutenants Neale, Shubrick
and Sanders, w ith the sailors ; and lieutenant Brackenbridge, with
the marines of the Constellation, 150 in number, opened the fire,
which was so well directed, that the enemy were glad to get oft',
after -inking three of then- largest boats. One of them, called the
Centipede, admiral Warren's bout, fifty feet in length, carried 75

173

men, the greater part of whom were lost by her sinking. Twenl >

liers and sailors saved, and the boats hauled up. I|

sume thru- were forty fell back in the rear of the island, and
commenced throwing rockets from Mr. Wise's houses; when
gun -boat 67 threw a few shots over that way, they dispersed and
• back.
We have had all day deserters from the army coming i I
have myself taken in 25, and 18 prisoners belonging to the Cen-
tipede.

Tin- officers of the Constellation fired their 18 pounder more
like riflemen than artillerists. 1 never saw such shooting, and
seriously believe tl ed the island. La the evening their b< ts

came round the point of Nansemond, and at sun-set were seen
returning to their '-hip- full of men. At dusk they strewed the
shore along with fires, in order to runaway by the light.

I have the honour to be, &c.

JOHN CiSSIN,

The honourable William Jones

Secretary of the Xavy.

AFFAIR AT BEAVER DAMS.

FORT GEORGE, June 25th, 1813.
SIR,

I have the mortification of informing you of an unfortunate
and unaccountable event which occurred yesterday. On the -23d,
at evening, colonel Bq with 570 men, infantry, artillery*

cavalry and riflemen, in due proportion, was ordered to march,
b\ the way (if Qoeenstown, to a place called the Beaver Dams, on
the high ground, about eight or nine miles from Queen-town, to
attack and disperse a body of the enemy collected there for the
purpose of procuring provisions and harassing those inhabitants
who are eonsidi n d friendly to the United States ; their force was,
from tin' mo-r direct information, composed of one company of
the l()4th regiment, above 80 strong; from 150 to -200 militia,
and from 50 to GO Indians. At 8 o'clock yesterday morn:
when within about two miles of the Beaver Dams, our detachment
was attacked from an ambuscade, but soon drove the enemy some
distance into the woods, and then retired to a clear field, and sent
an express for a reinforcement, >ayin<^he would maintain his posi-
tion until reinforced. A reinforcement of 300 men, marched
immediately, under the command of colonel Chrystie; but on ar-
riving at Queenstown, colonel Chrystie received authentic infor-
mation, that lieutenant colonel Boerstler, with his command, had
surrendered to the enemy, and the reinforcement returned to camp.
A man who belonged to a small corps of volunteer i
in this morning, who states that the enAny surroundi d our de

174

taehment in the woods, and towards 12 o'clock, commenced a
genera] attack; that pur troops fought more than two hours, until
the artillery had expended the whole of its ammunition, and then
surrendered, and at the time of the surrender, the informant
made his escape. Why it should have been deemed proper to
remain several hours in a position surrounded with woods without
either risking a decisive action, or effecting a retreat, remains to
be accountecffor, as well as the project of waiting for a reinforce-
ment, from a distance of 15 or 16 miles.

No information has been received of the killed or wounded.
The enemy's fleet has again arrived in our neighbourhood.

I have the honour to be, &c.

rL DEARBORN.
The Secretary of War.

U. S. FLOTJJLLA, CAPE MAY, June 29th, 1813,

SIR,

Laying: off Dennis's Creek this morning, I discovered that
an enemy's sloop of war had chased a small vessel, and had taken
her near the Overfalls. I immediately got under weigh and
stood down the bay. The sloop of -war stood so near the Over-
falls that she grounded slightly on the outer ridge of Cr< v's
Shoals. I thought proper to endeavour to bring him to action.
I succeeded and got within three quarters of a mile; and anchor-
ed the boats (consisting of eight gun boats and two bio k sloops)
in a line ahead. A heavy frigate had by this time anchored about
a half mile further out. After a cannonade of one hour and forty-
five minutes, in which the ships kept up a constant and heavy fire,
heaving their shot from a half to three quarters of a mile over us,
they doing us little or no damage, their shot seldom striking us, the
sloop of war and frigate finding our shot to tell on their hulls,
manned their boats, ten in number, ( 2 launches, the rest large
barges and cutters) with from SO to 40 men each, and despatched
them after gun boat No. 121, sailing marter Sf.ead, which had un-
fortunately fell a mile and a half out of the line, although it had
been my possitive and express orders to anchor at half cable
length apart, and not further. From the strong ebb tide they
succeeded in capturing her, after a gallant resistance, (for three
times did No. 121 discharge her long gun, apparently full of can-
sister, among the whole line ol boats, when at a very short dis-
tance, which must have done execution, and not till after he v as
boarded did the colours comedown) before an} assistance could be
given her : how ever, we got near enough to destroy three or lour of
their boats, and must have killed a vast number of men. It being a
calm, they succeeded in getting her away, by sending all their
boats ahead and towing her, butnave | aid dearly for theirtemer-
ity ; they must at least have had one-third of their men killed anel

175

wounded. Thev put one shot through the foot of the Buffaloe's
jib, and oin- th he undei part of the bowsprit, and cu1 j;un

boat No. i 5, tiling master L. Moleire's rigging in several
places, and an eighteen pound shot struck her long gun and hi-
de ited it several inches; but happy am I to say, that not a man
was wounded in any of the boats,' except the one captured, and
have not yet learned their fate. I feel ouch indebted to lieuten-
ant Mitchell, and officers commanding gun boats, for their spirit-
ed conduct in carrying into execution my orders ; and if i may
Judge from the gallant resistance made by sailing master Shead,
ii engaging when surrounded by the boats of the enemy, that
y officer and man of the flotilla will do their duty in all situa-
tions.

Ihavt the honour to be, &c.
SAMUEL ANGUS,
Commanding U. S. DeL flotilla.

P. S. The action commenced at 7 minutes before 1 P. M.and
ended at 37 minutes alter 2 P. M.

U. S. FRIGATE ESSEX, PACIFIC OCEAN,

July 2d, 1813.

sin,

I have the honour to inform you that on the 29th of April, in
the latitude of 40 north, Longitude 91 15 west, about 20 miles to
the northward of the island of Albermarle, one of the Gallapagoe,
in the Pacific Ocean, I captured the British ship Montezuma ;
t\\ o others being in sight, close together, distant from us about
7 miles, which we were informed were the British letters of
marque ships Policy and Georgiana; the first mounting 10 guns,
6 and 9 pounders; the other six 18 pounders, 4 swivels, and 6
long blunderbusses mounted on swivels. The wind being light
and variable, and confiding greatly in the bravery and enterprise
of my officers and men, and apprehensive of their escape from
the prevalence of fogs in that climate, I directed the boats of this
ship to be armed and manned, and divided into two divisions,

Idacing the first under the command of lieutenant Downes, 1st
ieutenant, in a whale boat, accompanied by midshipman Farra-
gutt. The officers in command of boats under lieutenant Downed,
were lieutenant S. D. M* Knight, in the 3d cutter, accompanied
by midshipman W. H. Odenheimer, sailing master John P. Cow-
ell, in the jolly boat, accompanied by midshipman H. W. Ogden,
and midshipman George Isaacs, in the 2d cutter. The 2d division
under the command of lieutenant YV'ilmer, 3d lieutenant in the
pinnace, accompanied by midshipman Henry Gray, and master's
mate James Terry; lieutenant Wilson and Mr. Shaw, purser, in
the 1st cutter, and lieutenant Gamble, of the marines, in the gig,

176

Suitable signals were established, and each boat had her particular
station pointed out for the attack, and every other previous ar-
rangement was made to prevent confusion. The boats, seven in
number, rowed oil* in admirable order. Guns were fired from the
enemy to terrify them ; they rowed up under the muzzles of the
guns and took their stations for attacking the first ship, and no
sooner was the American flag displayed by lieutenant Downes, as
the signal for boarding, and the intention was discovered by the
enemy, than the colours were struck, without a shot being fired ;
go much were they daunted by the intrepidity of our brave officers
and men. They then left a crew on board the prize and took their
stations for attacking the other vessel, when her flag was also
struck; on the first call to surrender. Thus were two fine British
ships, each pierced for 20 guns, worth near half a million of dollars,
mounting between them 16 guns and manned with 55 men, well
supplied with ammunition and small arms, surrendered, without
the slightest resistance, to seven small open boats, witli fifty men,
armed only with muskets, pistols, boarding-axes, and cutlasses!
Be assured, sir, that Britons have either learned to respect the
coinage of Americans, or they are not so courageous themselves
as they would wish us to believe.

I have the honour to be yours, &c.

D. PORTER.

The Secretary of the Navy, at Washington.

U. S. FRIGATE ESSEX, AT SEA,

Pacific Ocean, July 2d, 1813.

-SIR,

On the 23d March last, I sailed from shaping my

course to the northward, and on the 26th of the same month fell
in with the Peruvian corsair ship Nereyda, mounting 15 guns.
She had, a few days before, captured two American whale ships,
the crews of which (amounting in number to twenty-four men)
were then detained prisoners on board her ; and they could assign
no other motive for the capture, than that they were the allies ol
Great Britain, and as such should capture all American vessels
they could fall in with ; therefore, to prevent in future such vexa-
tious proceedings, I threw all her armament into the sea, liberated
the Americans, and dismissed the Nereyda. I then proceeded
with all possible despatch for Lima, to intercept one of the detain-
ed vessels, which had parted with the Nereyda only three days
before, and I was so fortunate as to arrive there and re-capture
her on the 5th of April, at the moment she was entering the port.
This vessel (the ship Barclay, captain Gideon Randall, of New
Bedford) I took under my protection, and have had her with me
over since.'

21 men,

2 guns

177

Vrom Lima I proceeded to the Gallapagos Islands, where I
• aptured the following British ships, viz :

Letters of Marque.

Montezuma, 270 tons,

Policy, 275

Georgiana, 280

Atlantic, 351

Greenwich, S38

The Georgiana being reputed a very fast sailer, and apparently
well calculated for a cruiser, I mounted 16 guns on her, and gave
the command of her to that excellent officer, lieutenant John
Downes, with a complement of 42 men; appointing midshipman
W. H. Had aw ay acting lieutenant on board her, and sent her on
a cruize. Lieutenant Downes joined me at Tumbez, near Guya-
quil, on the coast of Peru, on the 24th June, after capturing 3
prizes, to wit :

Letters of Marque ships.

Hector, 270 tons, 25 men, 11 guns:

Catharine, 270 29 8

Rose, 220 21 8

The 1st had two men killed and six badly wounded in her
rencontre with the Georgiana ; and the Rose was discharged (after
being deprived of her armament) with all the prisoners captured
by the Georgiana, as they amounted to nearly double her crewj
she was furnished with a passport to proceed to St. Helena.

My own prisoners I liberated on parole at Tumbez. I fonnd
by experience that the Georgiana did not deserve the character
given of her sailing. I therefore shipped her officers and crew to
the Atlantic, and mounted on her 20 guns, with a complement of
60 men, and appointed midshipman R. Dashiell acting sailing
master on board of her. To this vessel I gave the name of the
Essex Junior. I also fitted up the ship Greenwich, as a store-ship,
and mounted on her 20 guns, placing her under the command of
lieutenant Gamble, of the marines. On board her 1 have put all the
provisions and stores of my other prizes, except a supply of three
and a half months for each, and have by this means secured my-
self a full supply of every necessary article for seven months. I
had hoped to dispose of my other prizes at Guyaquil : the govern-
ors in Peru, however, are excessively alarmed at my appearance
on the coast, as my fleet amounts now to nine sail of vessels, all
formidable in their appearance, and they would, if they dare, treat
us with hostility little short of declared enemies.

I have given to Mr. John G. Cowell, sailing master, an appoint-
ment to act 3d lieutenant ; midshipman John S. Cowan to act 4th
lieutenant, and midshipman Odenheimer as sailing master. I beg,
sir, that the appointment of those officers, as well as of lieutenant
S. D. M'Knight, who is acting second lieutenant, and those serving

178

«n board the Essex Junior, may be confirmed by the department.
1 have given to Mr. M. W. Bostwick, my clerk, the appointment
of acting midshipman ; not that he is desirous of coming forward
in the navy in that line, but I hoped by this means to introduce
him to the notice of the department, as I shall take the liberty to
recommend him strongly as a suitable person to hold the appoint-
ment of purser. Doctors Richard R. Hoffman, and Alexander M.
Montgomery, two gentlemen of great merit, who volunteered their
services with me at the commencement of hostilities, have received
acting appointments from me, the first as surgeon to fill the vacancy
occasioned by the death of doctor Miller ; the other as surgeon's
mate. To the great care and attention of those gentlemen, may,
in a considerable degree, be attributed the extraordinary health of
the crew ; and as they are both desirous of joining the navy, I
hope their appointments may be confirmed.

I have also appointed my marine officer and chaplain to the
command of prizes. They all enter with cheerfulness into their
new duties ; and if the expedition should not prove successful, it
will not be, I am persuaded, owing to our want of activity or
vigilance ; and of this you must be satisfied, as for the last eight
months we have been constantly at sea, with the exception of 23
days, and yet, sir, we have enjoyed extraordinary health and
spirits ; no symptom of the scurvy having yet appeared in the
ship, nor have we, at this moment, more than two on the sick list;
and their diseases are more owing to the infirmities of old age
than any other cause. Indeed, sir, when I compare my present
situation with what it was when I doubled Cape Horn, I cannot
but esteem myself fortunate in an extraordinary degree. There
my ship was shattered by tempestuous weather, and destitute of
every thing; my officers and crew half starved, naked and worn
out with fatigue. Now, sir, my ship is in prime order, abundantly
supplied with every thing necessary for her. I have a noble ship
for a consort of 20 guns, and well manned ; a store-ship of 20 guns
well supplied with the best of every thing we may want, and
prizes which would be worth in England two millions of dollars ;
and what renders the comparison more pleasing, the enemy has
furnished all. Excuse me, sir, for not making known my present
intentions, as this letter may not reach you. It, however, may
be satisfactory to you to know how I intend to dispose of my
prizes ; let it suffice to say that I shall endeavor to [cypher.]

British letters of marque are numerous in these seas, and, were
it not for my arrival, our whale fishers would have been much
harrassed; but they now find it necessary to keep together for
mutual protection. I expect to be [cypher] but shall be [cypher.}
Subjoined is a list of deaths since 1 left the United States, and
beg you will relieve the anxiety of my family, and all our friends,
by communicating as much of this letter as you may think proper,
The times of my best men have expired: but their attachment
to the ship, and their zeal for the service we are engaged on.

179

prevent all complaints on that account. It is not probable that
you will hear from me for several months to come, unless some
disaster happens ; but, T beg leave to assure you, sir, that I shall
not be idle ; and I hope before my return to make the services of
the Essex as important as those of any other ship. We may not,
be individually benefitted, but we shall do the enemy much injury,
which will be a sufficient compensation to us for all the hardships
and privations we must naturally experience, while cut off from
all communication with the rest of the world, and are dependent
•on the precarious supplies the enemy may afford.

I have the honour to be, with great respect, yours, &c.

D. PORTER.
Hon. Secretary of the Navy, Washington.

List of deaths on board the Essex since my departure from the

United States.

1812, Decembers, Levi Ilnlmes, seaman, palsy.

1813, January 24, Edward Sweeny, ordinary seaman, old age.

January 24, Samuel Groce, seaman, contusion of the brain, by a fall from

the main yard.
March 1, Lewis Price, marine, consumption.
April, 4, James Shafford, gunner's mate, accidental gun shot — wound off

the lungs.
May 25, Dr. Robert Miller, surgeon, disease of the liver.
May 26, Benjamin Geers, qr. gr. inflammation of the stomach.
June 29, John Itodgers, qr. gr. fall from the main yard.

WASHINGTON, July 30th, 1813.

SIR,

I consider myself bound to lay before you, what came under
my knowledge, w hile on board the Chesapeake, as well as on board
the Shannon.

After the enemy had completely possession of the ship, midship-
men Randolph and Flushman were ordered from the fore and
main-top. In coming down the shrouds, lieutenant Faulkner,
(the British officer) said to his men, kill those damned rascals.
Then, and immediately, several muskets were discharged at them,
but without effect. My station was in the mizen-top, where I
had an opportunity of seeing their actions. I was looking on deck,
when I saw one of the Chesapeake's men crawling along, at-
tempting to get below, with one ot his legs ofl*. One of the enemy
stepped up to him with his cutlass, and immediately put an end to
his existence.

Lieutenant Faulkner 1< in the mizen-top ; pointed at

me, — said to his men, go up iree ot you, and throw that damned
yankee overboard. They i lediaiely rushed up, seizing me by
the collar; now, said the- ied yankee, you sl*.dl swim

for it, attempting to throw ' ^ard ; but I got within the

rigging, when one of them \. > ' in the breast, which was the

•

18tt

cause of my falling; being stunned by the fall, I lay some tiiue
senseless, and when I came to, I was cut over the head with a
cutlass, which nearly terminated my existence. Eleven of our
midshipmen were confined in a small place, nine feet by six, with
an old sail to lie on, and a guard at the door, until a day or two
before our arrival at Halifax; and likewise eleven of us upon five
rations, and some days only one meal. Our clothes were taken
on board of the Shannon ; lieutenant Wallis, the commanding
officer on board, would not let us take our clothes below with us,
but pledged his word and honour as an officer, we should receive
our clothes. But we discovered next morning that their midship-
men had on our clothes and side-arms. We were conversing toge-
ther respecting our clothes, one of their midshipmen overheard
our conversation, and made report to the lieutenant commanding.
He then sent word to us, that if we said any thing more about
the clothes, he would put us in the forehold with the men. We ex-
pected to receive our clothes when we arrived in port ; but I
assure you, sir, nothing wras ever restored. Other rascally things
occurred, which our officers will, when they return, make known to
the public, disgraceful to a civilized nation. If your request could
have been made sooner, I should have felt gratified in making a
fuller statement.

I have the honour to be, &c.
WILLIAM BERRY.
Hon. L. Condit, Washington.

GEORGETOWN, July 30th, 1813.

SIR,

Having perused a letter of yours to Mr. Berry, requesting
information respecting the treatment of the American officers and
seamen of the late Chesapeake, I consider myself bound, sir, to
lay before you what came under my knowledge. My having been
wounded and remaining on board the Chesapeake might not give
me that scope for observation which others possessed ; but I
am sorry to say, many things transpired disgraceful to a
brave enemy. Whilst undressing myself in the steerage, after
the Americans were driven below or had surrendered, and after
resistance had ceased, I believe entirely, several muskets and pis-
tols were at once pointed down the hatchway, and discharged in
the direction of the cock-pit, and as the steerage and cock-pit
were filled with wounded (ability some of them were

killed outright.

It was midshipman Hopewei not Livingston, who was so

inhumanly treated, as described in ; J public prints. It has been
the custom in our navy, to take th< side-arms of officers, (prison-
ers) but to return them on leavini tiie ship. Ours were taken,
worn, and never restored, together with what nautical instru-

181

ments they could lay their hands on. When spoken to by the
American officers on the subject, the answer was, such things
wen 'free plunder. A day or two after the action, I was convers-
ing with lieutenants Budd and Mr. Nichols, near the taffrail, re-
specting the engagement, when it was observed some of the Shan-
non's men were listening to our conversation. Immediately
after, lieutenant Faulkner, the commanding officer, ordered senti-
nels to be placed at the mizen-mast. And said he to them, if
you see any of the Chesapeake's officers abaft the mizen-mast,
cut them down, if you see them conversing together cut them
down without hesitation. It will be remefhbered that three officers
who caused this order, were all severally wounded. We received
no caution, and overheard it by accident. So great was the rage
for plunder, that captain Lawrence, before his death, could not
obtain a bottle of wine from his private stores, without a note
from the doctor to the lieutenant commanding. I pass over the
robbing of the midshipmen on board the Shannon, as it did not
come under my immediate notice. If your request could have
been made earlier, I should have felt gratified in making a fuller
statement.

Yours respectfully,

WM. A. WEAVER.

The Hon. Lewis Condit, Washing-ton.

HEAD QUARTERS, SENECA TOWNS,

Augiist 4th, 18LV

SIR,

In my letter of the 1st instant, I did myself the honour to in-
form you that one of my scouting parties had just returned
from the lake shore, and had discovered the day before, the
enemy in force near the mouth of the Sandusky bay. The party-
had not passed Lower Sandusky two hours before the advance,
consisting of Indians, appeared before the fort, and in half an
hour after a large detachment of British troops; and in the course
of the night they commenced a cannonading against the fort with
three six pounders and two howitzers. The latter from g:in boats.
The firing was partially answered by major Croghan, having a
six pounder, the only piece of artillery.

The fire of the enemy was continued at intervals during the
second instant, until about half after five P. M. when finding that
their cannon made little impression upon the works, and having
discovered my position, and here apprehending an attack, an at-
tempt was made to carry the place by storm. Their troops were
formed in two columns, lieutenant colonel Short headed the princi-
pal one composed of the light battalion companies of the 41st regi-
ment. This gallant officer conducted his men to the brink of the
ditch under the most galling and destructive fire from the garrison,

182-

and leaping into it, was followed by a considerble part of his own
ie light company; at this moment a masked port hole was

denly opened, and a six pounder with an half load of powder,

I a double charge of leaden slugs at the distance of 30 feet
poured destruction upon them, and killed or wounded nearly
every man who had entered the ditch. In vain did the British
ers exert themselves to lead on the balance of the column ;
it retired in disorder under a shower of shot from the fort, and
sought safety in the adjoining woods. The other column, headed
by the grenadiers, had also retired, after having suffered from the
muskets of our men, to an adjacent ravine. In the course of the
night the enemy, with the aid of their Indians, drew oft* the greater
part of the wounded and dead, and embarking them in boats, de-
scended the river with the utmost precipitation. . In the course of
the 2d instant, having heard the cannonading, I made several j
attempts to ascertain the force and situation of the enemy. Our
scouts were unable to get near the fort from the Indians that sur-
rounded it. Finding, however, that the enemy had only light j
artillery, and being well convinced that it could make little im- !
pression upon the works, and that any attempt to storm it would
be resisted with efiect, 1 waited for the arrival of 250 mounted J
volunteers, which on the evening before had left Upper Sandusky^
But as soon as I was informed that the enemy were retreating, J ,
set out with the dragoons to endeavour to overtake them, leaving
generals M' Arthur and Cass to follow with all the infantry (about
700) that could be spared from the protection of the stores and
sick at this place. I found it impossible to come up with them. |
I 'non my arrival at Sandusky, I was informed by the prisoners that
the enemy's forces consisted of 490 regular troops and 500 of Dix-
on's Indians, commanded by general Proctor in person, and that
Tecumseh, with about 2000 warriors, was somewhere in the J
swamps between this and Fort Meigs, expecting my advance or 1
that of a convoy of provisions. As there was no prospect of J
doing any thing in front, and being apprehensive that Tecumseh ;
might destroy the stores and small detachments in my rear ; I j
sent orders to general Cass, who commanded the reserve, to fall
back to this place, and to general M* Arthur, with the front line, to
follow and support him.

I remained at Sandusky until the parties that were sent out in
every direction returned ; not an enemy was to be seen.

I am sorry that I cannot transmit you major Croghan's official
report.

lie was to have sent it to me this morning. But I have just ]
heard that he was so much exhausted by thirty-six hours of con- (
tinued exertion as to be unable to make it. It will not be amongst
the least of general Proctor's mortifications to find that he has
been bullied by a youth who has just passed his twenty-first year. ,;
He is however a hero worthy of his gallant uncle (general William
Clark) and I blesB my good fortune in having first introduced this

183

promising shoot of a distinguished family to the notice of the"
government.

Captain Hunter of the 17th regiment, the second in command,
conducted himself with great propriety, and never were a set of
finer young fellows than the subalterns, viz: lieutenants Johnson
and Baylor of the 17th, Anthony of the 24th, Meeks of the 7th,
and ensigns Ship and Duncan of the 17th.

The following account of the unworthy artifice and conduct of
the enemy will excite your indignation. Major Chambers was
sent by general Proctor, accompanied by colonel Elliott, to de-
mand the surrender of the fort. They were met by ensign Ship.
The major observed that general Proctor had a number of can-
non, a large body of regular troops, and so many Indians whom it
was impossible to control, and if the fort was taken as it must be,
the whole of the garrison would be massacred. Mr. Ship an-
swered that it was the determination of major Croghan, his officers
and men, to defend the garrison or be buried in it, and that they
might do their best. Colonel Elliott then addressed Mr. Ship,
and said, " you are a fine young man, I pity your situation, for
God's sake surrender and prevent the dreadful slaughter that
must follow resistance.'' Ship turned from him with indignation
and was immediately taken hold of by an Indian, who attempted
to wrest his sword from him. Elliott pretended to exert himself
to release him, and expressed great anxiety to get him safe into
the fort.

In a former letter I informed you, sir, that the post of Lower
Sandusky could not be defended against heavy cannon, and that
I had ordered the commandant, if he could safely retire upon the
advance of the enemy, to do so after having destroyed the fort, as
there was nothing in it that could justify the risk of defending it,
commanded as it is by a hill on the opposite side of the river,
within range of cannon, and having on that side old and illy con-
structed block houses and d ry friable pickets. The enemy ascending
the bay and river with a fine breeze, gave major Croghan so little
notice of their approach, that he could not execute the order for
retreating. Luckily they had no artillery but six pounders and.
five and a half inch howitzers.

General Proctor left Maiden with the determination of storming
Fort Meigs. His immense body of troops were divided into three
commands, and must have amounted to at least 5000. Dixon
commanded the Mackanawand other northern tribes; Tecumseh
those of the Wabash, Illinois and St. Joseph ; and Round Head, a
Wyandot chief, the warriors of his own nation and those of the
Ottaways, Chippeways, and Putawattamies of the Michigan terri-
tory. Upon seeing the formidable preparations to receive them
at Fort Meigs, the idea of storming was abandoned, and the plan
adopted of decoying the garrison out, or inducing me to come to
its relief with a force inadequate to repel the attack of his
immense horde's of savages. Ifaviftg waited several days for

184

the latter, and practising ineffectually several stratagems to
accomplish the former, provisions began to be scarce and the
Indians to be dissatisfied'; The attack upon Sandusky was the
dernier resort. The greater part of the Indians refused to accom-
pany him and returned to the river Raisin. Tecumseh, with his
command, remained in the neighbourhood of fort Meigs sending
parties to all the posts upon Hull's road and those upon the Auglaize
to search for cattle. Five hundred of the northern Indians under
Dixon attended Proctor. I have sent a party to the lake to as-
certain the direction that the enemy have taken. The scouts
which have returned saw no signs of Indians later than those made
in the night of the 2d instant, and a party has just arrived from
Fort Meigs who make the same report. I think it probable that
they have all gone off. If so, this mighty armament, from which
so much was expected by the enemy, will return covered with
disgrace and mortification. As captain Perry was nearly ready
to sail from Erie when I last heard from him, I hope that the
period will soon arrive when we shall transfer the labouring bar
to the enemy, and oblige him to encounter some of the labours and
difficulties which we have undergone in waging a defensive War-
fare, and protecting our extensive lrontier against a superior force.
I have the honour to enclose you a copy of the first note received
from major Croghan. It was written before day, and it has since
been ascertained that of the enemy there remained in the ditcli
one lieutenant colonel (by brevet), one lieutenant and twenty-five
privates, fourteen of them badly wounded. Every care has been
taken of the latter and the officers buried with the honours due to
their rank and their bravery. All the dead that were not in the
ditcli were taken off in the night by the Indians. It is impossible,
from the circumstances of the attack, that they should have lost
less than one hundred. Some of the prisoners think that it
amounted to two hundred. A young gentleman, a private in the
Petersburg volunteers of the name of Brown, assisted by fr, e or
six of that company, and of the Pittsburg blues, who were acci-
dentally in the fort, managed the six pounder which produced
such destruction in the ranks of the enemy.

I have the honour to be, &.c.
WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON.
The Secretary of War.

N. B. Of our few wounded men there is but one that wifT
not be well in less than six days.

LOWER SANDUSKY, August 5th, 1813.
DEAR SIR,

I have the honour to inform you that the combined force of
the enemy, amounting to at least 50<; regulars and seven or eight
hundred Indians, under the immediate command of general Proctoi

1S6

made its appearance before this place, early on Sunday evening
last, and so soon as the general had made such disposition of his
troops, as would cut off my retreat, should I be disposed to make
one, he sent colonel Elliott, accompanied by major Chambers,
with a flag to demand the surrender of the fort, as he was anxious
to spare the effusion of blood, which he should probably not have
in his power to do, should he be reduced to the necessity of
taking the place by storm. My answer to the summons was, that
I was determined to defend the place to the last extremity, and
that no force, however large, should induce me to surrender it.
So soon as the flag had returned, a brisk fire was opened upon
us from the gun boats in the river, and from a 5% inch howitzer on
shore, which was kept up with little intermission through the
night. At an early hour the next morning, three sixes (which had»
been placed during the night within 250 yards of the pickets)
began to play upon us, but with little effect. About 4 o'clock P.
M. discovering that the fire from all his guns was concentrated
against the north-western angle of the fort, I became confident
that his object was to make a breach, and attempt to storm the
works at that point. I therefore ordered out as many men as could
be employed for the purpose of strengthening that front, which was
so effectually secured by means of bags of flour, sand, &c.
that the picketing suffered little or no injury. Notwithstanding
which, the enemy, about 5 o'clock, having formed in close column,
advancing to assail our works at the expected point, at the same
time making two feints at the front of captain Hunter's lines, the
column which advanced against the north-western angle, consisting
of about 350 men, was so completely enveloped in smoke, as not to
be discovered until it had approached within fifteen or twenty
paces of the lines ; but the men being all at their posts and ready to
receive it, commenced so heavy and galling a fire, as to throw the
column a little into confusion. Beiug quickly rallied, it advanced to
the outer works and began to leap into the ditch. Just at that mo-
ment a fire of grape was opened from our six pounder, (which
had been previously arranged so as to rake in that direction)
which, together with the musketry, threw them into such confu-
sion, that they were compelled to retire precipitately to the
woods. During the assault, which lasted about halt an hour, an in-
cessant fire was kept up by the enemy's artillery (which consisted
of five sixes and a howitzer) but without effect. My whole loss
during the siege, was one killed and seven wounded slightly. The
loss of the enemy in killed, wounded, and prisoners, must exceed
one hundred and fifty ; one lieutenant colonel, a lieutenant and fifty
rank and file, were found in and about the ditch ; those of the* re-
mainder, who were not able to escape, were taken off during the
night by the Indians, Seventy stand of arms and several brace of
pistols have been collected near the works. About three in the
morning the enemy sailed down the river, leaving behind them a
boat, containing clothing and considerable military stores. Too

much praise cannot be bestowed on the officers, non-commission-
ed officers, and privates under my command for their gallantry
and good conduct during the siege.

Yours, with respect,

G. CROGHAN.
.Major ]~Hi U. S. Infantry comdg. L. S.
Major C.cn. Harrison, commanding N. W. army.

Con-cspondencc between the Secretary of War ami major general Wilkinsqn.

Submitted to the President by the Secretary of War, on the
23d July, and communicated to general Wilkinson on the 5th of
August, 1813.

The time at which we have reason to expert an ascendency on
lake Ontario has arrived. If our hopes on that head be fulfilled,
though but for a short period, we must avail ours el es ol the cir-
cumstance, to gn e to the i << increased activity.

For this purpose our forces on the Ontario should be concm-
trai&d, because neither section of them, as they arc now divided,
is competent to any great i bject,

The point of concentration is more doubtful:
1st. If at Fort George, our utmost succes: can but give us the
command of the peninsula, which, if general Harrison succeeds
against Maiden, will be of diminished interest, both to us end
to the enemy: tons, because Maiden v» 11 fore completely
cover our western frontier and control the savages than Forts
George and Erie : to the enemy, because Maiden lost, our
inroad upon the peninsula, will but have the effect of shortening,
not of dividing, the enemy's line of operations; in a word,
success at this" point will not give to the campaign a character
of decisive advantage.
2d. If, on the other hand, we make Sackctt's Harbor the point of
concentration, Kingston may become the object of our attack,
which, by the way, will but be returning to the original plan of
campaign, prescribed to general Dearborn. This place is of
much importance to the enemy, and will no doubt be defended
by him with great obstinacy, and with all the resources which
can be safely drawn from other points. That it may be taken
by a joint application of our naval and military means, is not
however to be questioned. The enclosed diagram will show the
number and character of the enemy's defences. His batteries
on No. 1 cannot be sustained but by his fleet. These car-
ried, he is open to a descent at Nos. 2 and 3. If he divides
his force between both, we oppose one half of his strength with
the whole of ours. If he concentrates at No. 2, we seize
No. 3, and command both the town and the shipping. If

1S7

he concentrates at Xo. S, we occupy No. 2, and with nearly
the same results.
Confe.1 i this movement, another may be made on the

side of 1 ike Champlain, indicating an intention of attacking
Montreal and its dependencies, and really attacking them, if
to i, 'hese posts have been materially weakened.

3d. A: different operation, to winch our means are

competent, would be a movement from .^ackett's Harbor toMa-
dri on St. Lawrence. At this place the river may be most
easily crossed. The ground opposite to it is a narrow bluff,
skirted by the river on one side, and a swamp of great extent
and of difficult, passage on the other. This gained and fortified,
our Heel contin ling to command the water line from the head
of the river to Ogdensburg, and lake St. Francis occupied with
a fcw gun boats and barges, the army may march against Mon-
treal, it) convert with general Hampton. The only natural
to the execution of tins plan, would be presented by
a branch of the Grand river which must be crossed; but at this

. i deep, it is believed to be fordable.

Under the ceding supposition it is respectfully submitted,

whether it will not be most advisable to make SackeWs Harbor

the point of concentration, and leave to the commanding general

an electi ermined by circumstances) between the tw0

ted under the 2d and 3d head'.

JOHN ARMSTRONG.
Approved and adopted, July 23<7, 1813.

WASHINGTON, August 6th, 1813.

MR,

I have examined the projects of the campaign, intended for
the past and ensuing stages of it, on the side of Canada, which
you put into my hands yesterday. The novelty of the subject to
me, aad the pressure of time, will prevent the deliberate conside-
ration of it which its importance merits; and therefore I shall
myself to a few brief observations touching the project of
the 23d ultimo.

i l. If we command lake Ontario (without which the project is
impracticable), and our force be competent to carry Kingston, the
incorporation of our troops should take place at Sackett's Harbor,
and the attack be made as promptly as possible.

2d. On the contrary, should our combined disposable force b«
deemed incompetent to the certain and speed) reduction of Kings-
ton, then it may be preferable to strengthen our force at Fort
St. George, cut up the British force in that quarter, destroy the
Indian establishments, and (should general Harrison fail in hi*
objects) march a detachment to capture. Maldeo.

188

While these operations are pending, a bold feint or provisional

■ attack on Montreal, by major general Hampton, -will certainly call

sir George Provost to that place, and it is presumable, that seeing

our movements directed towards Erie, he may carry his best troops

with him from Kingston.

These suggestions spring from my desire to hazard as little as
possible in the outset, and to secure infallibly whatever may be
attempted, with the intention to increase our own confidence, to
diminish that of the enemy, and to popularise the war.

After our operations on the peninsula have been closed, we
may raze the works there under your provisions, leave our settle-
ments on the strait in tranquillity, and like lightning must direct
our whole force against Kingston ; and having reduced that place,
and captured the shipping, we may descend the stream, and form
a junction with the column of general Hampton in the neighbour-
hood of Montreal, should the lateness of the season permit, by
which all our movements, after the conquest of Upper Canada,
must be governed.

To give general Hampton's movements a menacing aspect, and
to enable him to profit by events, he should take with him a heavy
train of battering cannon and mortar pieces, which will be found
indespensable in the attack of Montreal ; and to weaken that
place, and to favour a protracted season, I would advise that a
heavy column of militia or volunteers, if engaged for three months
only, should be put in motion from the vicinity of lake Memphra-
magog, to descend fhe river St Francis, and take post on the right
bank of lake St. Petre, with a battering train of travelling carriages,
organized and equipt, either to keep post or retire, when the
S< ason or other circumstances should render expedient.

Before I close this letter, I will beg leave to call your attention
to several specific points, on which I require information and
authority, which 1 deem essential to the salutary discharge of the
high and solemn trust about to devolve upon me.

1st. A copy of the instructions to major general Hampton, for
my government in the correspondence to ensue between us.

2d. Shall I be allowed a private secretary, which is necessarv,
and of right belongs to t'io command on which I am about to en-
ter?

3d. I require permission to take for my aids-de-camp such
officers as are best fitted to discharge the important duties of the
station,

4th. I ask authority (or is it understood that I possess it ?) to sap*
ply every defect of the munitions of war, and transport by land o»
water by means of the authorized agents.

5th. I entreat that ample funds may be deposited in prope?
hands, to give effect to the department of intelligence, without
which, the chief will find himself hood-winked.

6th. I trust no order, of whatever nature, will be passed to any
officer under my command, but through my hands. This is not

189

snly necessary to the regular conduct of the public service, but
it is vital 1 \ esi <htial to the preservation of sound subordination,
and is conformable to the rules of service in all armies, in as much
as he who is responsible for all, should have the contronl of all.

7th. I hope I may be expressly authorized to detach from my
command, all persons who may manifest a temper or disposition
to excite discontents, to generate factions, or embitter the service.
This is indispensable to put down seditious spirits, and to har-
monize the corps.

8th Should we move against Kingston in the first instance, the
withdrawal of our force from Fort George will enable the enemy
to re-occupy that point, and for a brief period to harrass our fron-
tier on that' strait. May not the militia, or a body of volunteers,
be called forth to relieve the regular troops at that place, and
prevent discontents and complaints?

9th. For the maintenance of the necessary authority of the chief,
it is hoped the secretary of war will decline and forbid all corres-
pondence with his subordinate ollicers, except in cases of persona!
grievance.

10th. 1 beg to be advised of the means of communication be-
tween our military positions, and particularly from Sackett's-
Harbor to Burlington, which should be rapid and infallible.

11th. I ask. authority to equip the whole of our horse artillery,
and to mount the whole of our dragoons, because these arms will
be found all-important in every combat which may ensue.

A serious impression of the dread responsibility which awaits
me, and a correct sense of the public expectation which accompa-
nies me, must be my apology for giving you so much trouble.
With great respect, &c. your obedient servant,

' JAMES WILKINSON.

Honourable John Armstrong-,

Secretary of War.

WAR DEPARTMENT, August 8th, 1818.

SIR,

I have "-iven to vour observations of the 6th instant all the
consideration they so justly merit.

The main objection to any plan, which shall carry our operation*
wide of Kingston and westward of it, is, that in the event of its
success, it leaves the strength of the enemy unbroken ; it but
wounds the tail of the lion, and of course, is not calculated to
hasten the termination of the war, either by encreasin^ our own
vigour, or by diminishing that of the enemy. Kingston is the
great depot of his resources, and so long as he retains this ami
keeps open his communication with the sea, he will not want the
moans of multiplying his naval and other defences, and of rein-
forcing or renewing the war in the west. Kingston, therefore -

190

well on grounds of policy as of military principle* presents the
first and great object of the campaign.

There axe two ways of approaching this : by direct, or indvrecti

attack: by breaking down the enemy's battalions and forcin : his
works; or by seizing and obstructing the line of his communica-
tion, and thus dryingup the sources by which he is nouiftfehed and

maintained. Circumstances must gover-jn in choosing between
these different modes. Were our asse abled laud ,md naval
forces competent to the object, a direct attack would no doubt be
the shorter and better way ; but if, on the contrary, our strength
be inferior, or hardly equal to that of the enemy, {i\e indirect
attack must be preferred. These considerations have sm^-csted
the third plan, to be found in my note of the 23d ultimo. To give
execution to this, I would collect my force at the head of the
St. Lawrence, make every demonstration of attacking Kingston,
proceed rapidly down the river, seize the northern bank at the
village of Hamilton, leave a corps to fortify and to hold it, march
upon Montreal with the main body, effect there a junction with
Hampton, and take a position which shall enable you to secure
what you gain. On this plan the navy would perform its part by
occupying the mouth of the river, and preventing a pursuit by
water; by clearing the river of the armed boats of the enemy;
by holding, with its own, the passage at Hamilton, and by giving
support to that position. If the enemy pursues, it must he by
land, without subsistence, (excepting what he carries on his back)
and without artillery. If he remains stationary, his situation
must soon become even more serious, as the country in which he
is cannot long subsist him. It will then but remain for him to
fight his way to Quebec, to perish in the attempt, or to lay down
his arms. After this exposition, it is unnecessary to add, that
in conducting the present campaign, you will make Kingston
your primary object, and that you. will choose (as circumstances
may warrant) between a direct and indirect attack upon that post.

I have the honour to be, &c.

JOHN ARMSTRONG.

Maj. Gen. "Wilkinson, comnd'g- district No. 9.

WAR DEPARTMENT, August 9tl>, 1813.
SIR,

In answer to that part of your letter of the 6th instant, which
calls I'm- information, &c. on certain enumerated points, I have
: e honour to state :

1st. That general Hampton's instructions go only to assemble
and organize his division at Burlington, it is intended that he
shall operate cotemporaiily with you, and under your orders,
in prosecution 'if the plan of campaign which lias been given to

YOU.

191

3d.. The senior major general commanding the principal army is
entitled t>(!ie services of a private secretary.

3d. The ordnance and other departments of supply within the
district (No. 9.) are subject of course to your orders.

4th. The quarter master general of the army will supply the
funds for secret service.

5th. All orders to subordinate officers pass from the war de-
partment to the adjutant general ; to be communicated by him
to the general commanding the district in which such subordi-
nate officer may serve.

6th. No specific permission is necessary for removing factious
or disorderly men. All such will properly become subjects of
the confidential reports to be made by inspectors. To detach
such men from one district to another, is only shifting the evil ;
the better way is to report them for dismission.

7th. If the corps at fort George be recalled, the works should
be razed or occupied by a force competent to hold it against an
assault. There is a corps of militia and volunteers (to whom
(he Six Nation Indians have associated themselves) at Black
Rock, which may be kept in service. They are commanded by
general Porter and Mr. Parrish.

8th. The secretary of war will decline and forbid all improper
communications, and particularly such as may bear any colour
of insubordination.

9th« Besides the ordinary mode of communication by mail, ex-
presses may be employed in extraordinary case-;.

10th. The dragoons and light artillery corps shall be made effi-
cient. Horses may be bought for both. An officer from each
corps should be directed to superintend the purchases. Price
(average) not to exceed 120 dollars.

I have the honour to be, &c.

JOHN ARMSTRONG,

M:ij. Gen. Wilkinson, comtlg. the N. Army.

SACKETT'S HARBOR, August 21st, 1813.
SIR,

I arrived here yesterday: my machinery is in motion, and
I have strong hopes of giving the change to sir George which will
lead directly to the object of first importance.

Commodore Chauncey is in port here, and his antagonist, sir
James Yeo, at Kingston. In the late interviews between these,
naval commanders, the first has zealously sought a combat, which
the latter has cautiously avoided ; the superiority on the lake
therefore remains still to be settled; but I have Chauncey's assu-
rance for it, and place much confidence in his word; it is obvious
ly sir James's plan to decline a conflict; but on what ground I
cannot determine.

192

■Our schooner here will be equipt and manned by Wednesday,
and 1 shall sail with the squadron tor fort George probably the day
after; I am endeavoring to draw sir George after me; but whether
1 succeed in this attempt or not, should our men and means an-
swer report, and Heaven favour me, i will be in possession of
Kingston, or below that place, on the 26th proximo.

Major general Hampton must not budge until every thing is
matured in this quarter, and we have either got possession of
Kingston or have cut its communication with Montreal, of which
I shall give him seasonable advice, via Plattsburg, where I shall
calculate on his arrival the 20th of the ensuing month, completely
equipt for a forward movement. If he changes his position and
shows his column west of the lake sooner, it may cany sir George
io Montreal and produce precautions which might otherwise be
neglected until too late for any salutary effect.

The militia called forth by governor Tompkins, of which by the
bye you gave me no information, should not be arrayed before he
hears from me at fort George, because the assembly of such a
body would increase the alarm, and put all Canada in counter-
motion, while incidents beyond the controul of man may inter-
vene to procrastinate my movements and thus baffle the effects of
the proposed co-operation on the side of Vermont: should a
corps of militia be drawn from thence, no movement should be
made by them, until general Hampton has crossed Champlain.

It would be highly interesting to the public service and ex-
tremely acceptable to me. to see you at Niagara, from whence,
should' I find it practicable, it is my intention to commence my
movement down the lake, about the loth of the next month; the
best possible disposition for the safety of that frontier, and for the
security of the vast mass of ordnance and stores which I must
leave there, may render your advice and authority indispensably
necessary to avert clamors and prevent any obstruction to my
prompt movement.

I am, sir, your obedient servant, &c.

JAMES WILKINSON.
lion. John Armstrong, SecretiuyofWar.

SACKETT'S HARBOR, August 26th, 1813.

SIR,

Chauncey will go out, he says, to-morrow or next day to seek
sir Jam* s. I see the necessity of settling the point of naval su-
jjeriority before we commit ourselves, and therefore, the decision
cannot be had too soon. I.i the mean time the essential arrange-
ments progress, and if the means can be mustered, they will
ensure the end.

I fear Yeo will avoid a contest to spin out the campaign, and
' time for reinforcements, and the organization of militia;

1$3

but iflie will not eonie out, we must blockade him. I go to Niagara
the moment our arrangements are matured here. Sir George has
actual! y gone for the head of the lake with a reinforcement. To
prevent his playing tricks with Boyd, I have sent him (Boyd) the
note of which you nave a copy.

On Saturday 21st, one hundred and sixty regular troops as->
tended by Ogdensburg to Kingston, and on the 23d and 24th,
they were followed by five hundred Highlanders in their kilts, who
conducted up one hundred boats. Thus we see that this quarter
attracts chief attention. All my efforts will be made to induce sir
George to draw after him a chief part of the garrison of Kings-
ton, which must now be near five thousand strong. The situation
of Proctor and the irruption of our Indians have gone far to excite
these dispositions. Meet me at Niagara, if possible, and for
God's sake press on the recruits from Albany and the southward,
and send me Wadsworth, Swift, Fenwick, and Izard. All
things go well here, and thank God, the men are recovering ra-
pidly. I hear not a word from Hampton. I hope he does not
mean to take the stud ; but if so, we can do without him, and he
should be sent home.

Truly vours,

JAMES WILKINSON.

Secretary of Warj

WAR DEPARTMENT, SACKETT'S HARFfoR,

September 6th, 1813.

DEAR GENERAL,

I arrived here yesterday. Nothing new, excepting that
Prevost has returned to Kingston. General Hampton will go
through the campaign cordially and vigorously, but will resign at
the end of it. He will be ready to move by the 20th, w ith an ef-
fective regular force of 4000, and a militia detachment of 1500..
On the supposition that sir George had decidedly taken his part,,
and had chosen the peninsula as his camp de battaile, I had or-*
dered Hampton to move immediately against the Isle Aux Noix.
Two thousand militia will be promptly assembled at Champion,
twenty -four miles from this place, and on the route to the St*
Lawrence. The place was selected, as ottering two objects, and
of course leaving his knightship to guess. To have pushed them
directly to Ogdensburg, would not have had that advantage. A
larger draft would have been difficult. Another view- of the sub-
ject is, that this part of the plan cannot be confided to militia
exclusively ; they must be propped by a regular corps, otherwise
the back door may not be sufficiently closed and barred.

The battle on the lake ! Shall we have one ? If Yeo fights and
is beaten, all will be well. If he does not fight, the result mat
also be favourable.

Yours cordially,

JOHN ARMSTRONG*
Gbterfl WiBdflson;

194

HEAD QUARTERS, UPPER SANDUSKY,

August 6th, 1815.

DEAR SIR,

Your excellency's of the 4th instant, was delivered to me
yesterday morning, by colonel Brush. The exertions which, \ou
have made, and the promptitude with which your orders have
been obeyed, to assemble the militia to repel the late invasion of
the enemy, is truly astonishing, and reflects the highest honour on
the state.

Believing, that in a formal interview, I could best explain to
you the intentions of the government and my own views, I deter-
mined to come on to this place to see you. I have now the ho-
nour to repeat to you in this way, the result of my determination
upon the employment of the militia, and most of the facts upon
which my determination is founded. It has been the intention of
government to farm the army destined for operation, upon the
lake Erie, exclusively of regular troops, if they could be raised ;
the number was limited to T000. The deficiency of the regulars
was to be made up from the militia. From all the information I
at present possess, I am convinced that there will be a great de-
ficiency in the contemplated number of troops, after the militia
now in service, and whose term of service will not expire imme-
diately, have been added to the regulars. I have therefore called
on the governor of Kentucky, for 2000 effectives: with these,
there will still be a defect of perhaps 1200 troops. Your excel-
lency has stated, the men who have turned out on this occasion,
have done it with the expectation that they would be effectually
employed, and that, should they be sent home, there is no pros-
pect of getting them to turn out, should it be hereafter required.
To employ them all, is impossible. YVith my utmost exertions,
the embarkation cannot be effected in a less time than 15 or 18
days.

Should I even determine to substitute them for the regular
troops, which are expected, to keep so large a force in the field,
even for a short period, would consume the means which are pro-
vided for the support of the campaign, and which are only calcu-
lated for the number of men above stated.

I would recommend, under these circumstances, to your excel-
lency, a middle course, viz: to dismiss all the militia but two re-
giments of 10 companies, of 100 men each, and an usual propor-
tion of field and platoon non-commissioned officers and musician-.
That this corps be encamped at or near this place, until it is as-
certained whether their service will be wanted. A short time
will determine this question.

Permit me to request vour excellency to give your countenance
and support to the exertions which general Mf Arthur will make
to fill up the 26th regiment of 12 month's troops.

It appears that the venerable governor of Kentucky, is about
i>) take command of the troops of that state; could your excel-

106

lencv think proper to follow his example, 1 need not tell you how
highly gratilying it would be to, dear sir, your friend,

WILLIAM II. HARRISON.
Tt bu i Gov. Meigs.

UN BOAIM) THE SHIP GENERAL PIKE,

AT SACKETT S HARBOR, August 18th, 1813.
8IR,

I arrived here thi> day with this ship, the Madison, Oneida,
I ernor Tompkins, Conquest, Ontario, Pert, and Lady of the
I e. The Fair American and Asp, I left at Niagara. s,,i. I
had the honour of addressing you lust, 1 have been much distressed
and mortified: distressed at a lossof apart of the force entrusted
to my command, and mortified at not being able to brin* the ene-
my to action. The following movements and transactions of the
squadron, since the 6th instant, will give you the best ideas of the
difficulties and mortifications that I havenad to encounter.

On the 7;h, at day-light, the enemy's Meet, consisting of two
ships, two brigs, ami two lar toners, were discovered bear-

ing west north -west, distant a. tout five or sis miles, wind at est.
\i ., weighed with the Beet and manouvred to gain the wind.
At 9, having passed to the leeward of the enemy's line, and
abreast of^his van sh p, [the Wolfe) hoisted our colours and tired
a few guns to ascertain whether we could reach him with our shot;
finding thej fell Bhort, 1 wore and hauled upon a wind on the
Btarboard tack ; the rear of our schooners then about six miles
astern. The enemy wore in succession and hauled upon a wind
on the same tack, but soon finding that we should be aole to wea-
ther him upon the next tack, he tacked and made all sa.il to the
northward. A> soon as our rear vess U could fetch his wake,
tacked and made all sail in chase. In the afternoon the wind be-
came very light, and towards night quite calm. The schooners
used their sweeps all the afternoon, in order to close with the
enemy, but without success. Late in the afternoon I made the
signal of recal, and formed in close order ; wind during the night
from the westward, and after midnight Squally ; kept all hands at
quarters^ and beat to the windward, in hopes to gain the wind ot
the enemy. At 2 A. M. missed two of our schooners — at day-
light discovered the missing schooners to be the Hamilton and
Scourge. Soon after, spoke the Governor Tompkins, who informed
me that the Hamilton and Scourge both overset and sunk in a
heavy squall about 2 o'clock ; and, distressing to relate, every
soul "perished, except 16. This fatal accident deprived meat
once of the services of two valuable officers, lieutenant Winter
and sailing master ()>good,and two of my best schooners, mount-
ing together 19 guns. This accident giving decidedly to the
enemy the superiority, I thought he would take advantage of iL,

19G

particularly as by a change of wind, he was again brought dead
to windward of me ; formed the line upon the larboard tack and
hove to. Soon after 6 A. M. the enemy bore up and set studding
sails, apparently with an intention to bring us to action. When
he had approached us within about four miles, he brought to on
starboard tack. I wore and brought to on same tack. Finding
the enemy had no intention of bringing us to action, I edged
away to gain the land, in order to have the advantage of the land
breeze in the afternoon. It soon after fell calm, and I directed
the schooners to sweep up and engage the enemy. About noon
we got a light breeze from the eastward. I took the Oneida in
tow, as she sails badly, and stood for the enemy. When the van
of our schooners was within about one and a half or two miles
of his rear, the wind shifted to the westward, which again brought;
him to windward ; as soon as the breeze struck him, he bore up
tor the schooners, in order to cut them off' before they could rejoin
me ; but with their sweeps, and the breeze soon reaching them
also, they were soon in their station. The enemy finding himself
foiled in his attempt upon the schooners, hauled his wind and hove
to. It soon after became very squally, and the appearance of
its continuing so during the night ; and as we had been at quarters
for nearly 40 hours, and being apprehensive of separating from
some of the heavy sailing schooners in the squall, induced me to
run in towards Niagara, and anchor outside the bar. General
Boyd very handsomely offered any assistance in men that I might
require. I received 150 soldiers and distributed them indifferent
vessels, to assist in boarding, or repelling boarders, as circum-
stances might require. It blew very heavy in squalls during the
night. Soon after day-light discovered the enemy's fleet bearing
north; weighed and stood after him. The winds soon became
light and variable, and before 12 o'clock, quite calm. At 5, fresh
breezes from north, the enemy's fleet bearing north, distant about
4 or 5 leagues. Wore the fleet in succession, and hauled upon a
wind on the larboard tack. At sun-down the enemy bore N. W.
by N. on the starboard tack. The wind hauling to the westward,
I stood to the northward all night, in order to gain the north shore.
At day -light, tacked to the westward, the wind having changed
to north north-west. Soon after, discovered the enemy's fleet
bearing south-west; I took the Asp and the Madison, the Fair
American in tow, and made all sail in chase. It was at this time
we thought of realizing what we had been so long toiling for, but
before 12 o'clock, the wind changed to west south-west, which
brought the enemy to windward — tacked to the northward. At 3,
the wind inclining to the northward, wore to the southward and
westward, and made the signal for the fleet to make all sail. At
4, the enemy bore south south-west, bore up and steered for him.
At 5, observed the enemy becalmed under the land, nearing him
very fast, with a fine breeze from north north-west. At 6, formed
the order of battle, within about four miles of the enemy; tliQ

1S17

wind at this time very liirht. At 7, the wind changed to seutb-
v est, ami a fresh breeze, which again placed the enemy to Wind-
ward of me : tacked and hauled upon a wind on the larboard tack,
under ea-v sail, the enemy standing aft* us. At 9, when within
about two gun shot of our rear, he wore to the southward — 1 stood
on to the northward under easy sail — the fleet formed in two lines,
a part of die schooners forming the weather line, with orders to
commence die fire upon the enemy as soon as their shot would
take effect, and as the enemy reached them, to edge down upon
the line to windward and pass through the intervals and form to
let ward. At about half past 10, the enemy tacked and stood
after ue. At II, the rear of our line opened his fire upon the
eiie.ny : in about 15 minutes, the fire became general from the
weal her line, which was returned from the enemy. At half
pest 11, the weather line bore up and passed to the leeward, ex-
cept the Growler and Julia, which soon after tacked to the south-
ward, which brought the enemy between them and me. Filled
the ir.ain-to|)->ail and edged away two points to lead the enemy
down, not only to i him to more advantage, but to lead him

from the Growler and Julia. He, however, kepi his wind, until he
eempletelj separated t! se two vessels from the rest of the squad-
ron, exchanged a few shot with hi- ship as h , - d, without in-
jury to us, and made -ail after our l2 si ho utters. Tacked and stood
after him. At 12 (midnight) finding that I must either separate
from the rest of 'he squadron, or relinquish the hope of saving
die two which had separated, 1 reluctantly gave up the pursuit,
rejoined the squadron, then to the leeward, and formed the line
on the starboard t,ack. The firing was continued between our
2 schooners, and the enemy's fleet until about 1 A. M. when, I
presume, they were obliged to surrender to a force so much their
Superior ; saw no more of the enemy that night : soon alter day-
light discovered them close in with the north shore, with one of
our schooners in tow, the other not to be seen. I presume she may
have been sunk. The enemy showed no disposition to come
down upon us, although to windward, and blowing heavy from W.
The schooners laboring very much, I ordered 2 of the dullest to
run into Niagara and anchor. The gale increasing very much,
and as I could not g* into Niagara with this ship, I determined to
run to Genesee bay, as a -belter for the small vessels, and with the
expectation of beimj; aide to obtain provisions for the squadron, as
we were all nearly out, the Madison and Oneida, having not a sin-
gle day's on board when we arrived opposite Gene-ee bay. 1
ound "there was every prospect of the gale's continuing, and if
it did, I could run to this place and provision the whole squadron
with more certainty, and nearly in the same time that I could at
Genesee, admitting that I could obtain provisions at that place.
After bringing the" breezes as for as Oswego, the w ind became
light, inclining to a calm, which prolonged our passage to this
day. I -hall provision the squadron for 5 weeks, and proceed up

198

the lake this evening, and when I return again I hope to be able to
communicate more agreeable news than this communication con-
tains.

The loss of the Growler and Julia, in the manner in which they
have been lost, is mortifying in the extreme ; and although their
commanders disobeyed my positive orders, I am willing to believe
that it arose from an error of judgments and excess of zeal to do
more than was required of them, thinking probably that the enemy
intended to bring us to a general action, they thought by gaining
the wind of him they would have it more in their power to annoy
and injure him than they could by forming to leeward of our line.
From what I have been able to discover of the movements of the
enemy, he has no intention of engaging us, except he can get de-
cidedly the advantage of wind and weather, and as his vessels in
squadron sail better than our squadron, he can always avoid
an action — unless I can gain the wind, and have sufficient day-
light to bring him to action before dark. His object is, evident-
ly, to harrass us by night attacks, by which means he thinks to
cut oil our small dull sailing schooners in detail. Fortune has
evidently favored him thus far. I hope that it will be my turn
next, and although inferior in point of force, I feel very confident
of success.

I have the honour to be, sir, &c.

ISAAC CHAUNCEY,
■Hon. Yin. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

UNITED STATES, FLOTILLA, NEW CASTLE,

August 17th, 181-3.

'SIR.

I have just received a letter from sailing-master Shead, .res-
pecting the capture of the gun-boat No. 121 (a copy of which I
have the honor of inclosing to you.) I see from this the enemy
had 7 killed and 12 wounded, 4 since dead. I am convinced
they have deceived him, both as to the number of killed and woun-
ded, as well as the number of men in the boats, which at the
smallest calculation could not have been less than 250.

I have the honour to remain, &c.

SAMUEL ANGUS.
7Ion. Win, Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

(iXCLOSURE.)

ON BOARD H. M. SLOOP MARTIN,

Off Rhode Island, August 6th, 1813.

SIR,

U is with the deepest regret that I announce to you the cap-
ture of the United States gun-boat No. 121, under my command,
by the boats of the Junon frigate and Martin sloop of war, 8 in

199

number, 5 of which mounted 12 pound carronades, and carrying
in all 150 men. At in minutes before meridian on the 27th of"
Julv, 1 received orders from you to form a line a head and to fire
(in the enemy, but finding myself drove away from the squadron
b. the wind dying away and a strong ebb tide, 1 remained sweep-
ing and tiring ic 32 pounder* At the same time folding my
shot did not reach, I placed all hands to the sweeps to endeavour
to gain the squadron. At 20 minutes before 1 P. M. I com-
menced firing on the enemj 's boats and sweeping at the same time ;
but tinning I could gain nothing, I anchored to receive them as
American tars lave been accustomed to. The enemy then get-
ting within grape reach, I commenced it, but unfortunately the
pintle of the I rg - gun gave way the 1st round ; I again char
and got her to bear, which discharge did considerable damage,
but tearing my gun carriage all to pieces. I loaded with the hope
of getting her to bear again, but found it utterly impossible ;
the enemy now close on board, discharging vollies of shot from
th sir carronades and musketry, 1 called the boarders and small
arms men awa* to repel the enemy ; they now surrounding us,
poured in a heavy fire which wo ret irned with a- mui h prompt-
ness as our feebie numbers would admit : al of my men
haunt:; now fell, our ensign halyards shot away, and seeing the
superiority of tfie enemy's \'»\(.c in the act of boarding us in every
quarter, thej began to fire briskly, and I found ii necessan for
the. preservation of those few valuable lives left, to surrei
to seven times our number : the enemy boarding, loaded our decks
with men ; we were all driven below, and it was with the utmost
difficulty that the officers could stay the revenge of the seamen,
who seemed to thirst for blood and plunder, the last of which they
had, by robbing us of even thing: we had none killed, but seven
w 'Mided, :i i - _htly. The enemy's loss by us, was seven killed
and twelve wounded, lour of whom have since died. They have
conquered me, bit t'nev have paid dearly for it, and 1 trust, sir,
when you come t,» view the disadvantages that 1 laboured under,
having been but seven days onboard my boat, and scarcely time
to station mv men, and the misfortune of entirely disabling my
gun, and the superiority of numbers to oppose me; you will be
convinced thai the flagl had tl e honour to wear, has not lost ahj
of that national character which has ever been attached to it.

I have the honour to be, ike.

WILLIXM SHEAD, Sailing Master

Lieut. Samuel Angus,

commanding U. S. Flotilla, Delaware.

HEAD QUARTERS, FORT GEORGE, August L7th, 1815.
SIR,

In the last letter which I had the honour toaddressto you,
I had to communicate the information that commodore. Chauncey

bad left this pari of the lake; yesterday .an express arrived irotfl

the 18 Mile Creek, statingthat he was then off that place, in pur-1
.suit of the British fleet, which was likewise to he seen.

A body of volunteers, militia and Indians, under the command
of brigadier general Porter} of the New York militia, having ar-
rived at this place, and very impatient to engage the enemy, a
plan was, this morning, concerted to cut off one of his pickets.
About 500 volunteers and Indians under the command of major
Chapili, was to effect this object, supported by 200 regulars under
the command of major Cummings, of the 16th infantry. A heavy
Fain, and other untoward circumstances, defeated the primary.
object, but in a skirmish that ensued, in which the enemy were
completely routed, our Indians captured 12 of the British Indians,
and lour whites. Many of the enemy's dead were left on the held,
among whom is supposed to be the famous chief, Norton. Our
loss was only two Indians, and a few slightly wounded. Those
who participated in this contest, particularly the Indians, conduct-
ed with irreat bravery and activity. General Porter volunteered
in the affair, and major Ghapin evinced his accustomed zeal and
courage. The regulars under major Cummings, as far as they
were engaged", conducted well. The principal chiefs who led the
warriors this day, were, Farmer's Brother, lied Jacket, ' Little
Billv, Pollard, Black Snake, Johnson, Silver Heels, Captain Half-
town, Major Henry 0. Ball, (Cornplanter's son) and captain Cold,
chief of Onondago, who was wounded. In a council which was
held with them yesterday, they covenanted not to scalp or mur-
der; and I am happy to say, that they treated the prisoners with
humanity, and committed no wanton cruelties upon the dead.

The Canadian volunteers, under major Wilcox, were active and
brave as usual.

I have the honour to be, &c.
JOHN P. BOYD, Brig. Gen. Comndg:
Hon. John Armstrong.

HEAD QUARTERS, FORT GEORGE, August 18lh, 1813.

SIR,

Yesterday I Had the honour to address you a letter, detailing
the conduct of the Indians in a late skirmish. Their bravery and
humanity were equally conspicuous. Already the quietness in
which our pickets are suffered to remain, evinces the benefit aris-
ing from their assistance. Permit me to suggest the propriety of
immediately depositing presents for them in the hands of Mr.
Granger, oi whose exertions* and those of Mr. Parrish, 1 must ex-
press my approbation*

I have the honour to be, &c.

JOHN P. BOYD, Brig. Gen*

Hon. John Armstrong*

201

Extract of a letter from captain John H. Dent, •ommttnding naval
officer at Charleston, S. C. dated August 2lst, 1813.

" SIR,

" I have the honour to inform you that the privateer
schooner Decatur, of this port, arrived here yesterday, with his
Britannic majesty's schooner Dominico, her prize. She was
captured on the 5th instant, after a most gallant and desperate
action of one hour, and carried by boarding, having all her officers
killed or wounded. She was one of the best equipped and man-
ned vessels of her class I have ever seen. The Decatur mounts
seven guns, and had a complement of 103 men at the commenced
ment of the action, nineteen of whom were killed and wounded.

" I have the honour to be, &c.

"JOHN H. DENT."
Hon. Wm. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

HEAD QUARTERS, FORT (JEORGE, August 24th, 181S.
SIR,

I have the honour to report, that at day break this morning
the enemy attacked us at all our pickets, which retired towards
the camp, pursued bv his advance guards. A skirmish ensued in
the village, with little effect upon us; after which he retreated,
having come within reach of our cannon, but never within musket-
shot of our entrenchments. One captain of the 49th and a lew
privates have been brought in prisoners. We lost two men and
a few wounded ; the enemy left about fifteen dead on the different
grounds. He is supposed to have brought his whole force into
the field ; but finding our position so strong, desisted from a
general attack. Sir George Prevost was in person at the attack.
His force is withdrawn out of our reach into his strong holds.

I have the honour to be, &c.
JOHN P. BOYD, B. G. C.
Hon. J. Armstrong", Secretary of War.

CHARLESTON, (S C.) August 26th, 1813.

SIR,

I have the honour to acquaint you, that I received a letter
express, last night, from major Jenkins, commanding the St. Hele-
na militia, stating that the enemy's two brigs, the Calibre and
Charybdis, got under way on Monday morning, with an intention
of proceeding to sea, when the wind shifted to the eastward ; and
in attempting to beat over the bar, one of them (supposed to be
the Calibre) grounded on Cole Scarce Reef, and in a short time
after bilged and became a complete wreck. The crew was taken
off by the other, which now lies about five miles from Bay Peint,
waiting a wind to proceed to sea.

£02

Major Jenkins states, that they landed twice at a plantation of
Mr. Pope's, and took one of his large canoes oft", with some provi-
sions. It appears their object in entering Port Royal was princi-
pally to sound the bar, and roadstead, which they have effected,
as their boats were seen on that service the whole time they were
at anchor. The officer who delivered major Jenkins's letter fur-
ther states, that the wreck had entirely gone to pieces, a great
part drifted on shore, among which were her boats and the stolen
canoe. .

I have the honour to be, &c.

JOHN H. DENT.
Honourable William Jones,

Secretary of the Navy.

Extract of a letter from General Ferdinand L. Claiborne, t*
General Floumoy, commanding the 7th Military District.

« CANTONMENT, MOUNT VERNON, September 3d, 1813.
"SIR,

" On the 3 1st ultimo, I had the honour to receive your letter of
the 24th, with its enclosure, forwarded by express to me, then at
Easley's station, near the Creek line, and about 85 miles above
this, on the Tombigbee.

" Colonel Hawkins's communications for some time past have
unfortunately had a tendency to lessen our apprehensions, and
to beget a belief of our almost perfect security. My little, but
inestimable corps, have felt the effects begotten by the doubts
which existed as to the real intention of the Creeks. It proba-
bly prevented yourself, and certainly governor Holmes, from
sending troops to this exposed part of the country. About the
23d ultimo, I received information that 1200 Indians were on
the eve of entering the territory, with the intention to attack the
upper posts in the Tombigbee, that commanded by colonel Carson
in the fork of the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers, and the one on
Tensaw commanded by major Beasley. The Indians from the
Black Warrior were to attack the upper posts; and those from the
Alabama, that on Tensaw. This information was immediately
communicated to colonel Carson and major Beasley, and my ar-
rangements made for the defence of the three places threatened,
in the best manner of which the limited means I possessed would
admit.

" With 80 men, I went myself to Easley's, and was joined by
two detachments of volunteer militia under the command of co-
lonel Haines, aid-de-camp to governor Holmes, and by a captain
Cassity. The place was attacked at the time expected, and after
several unsuccessful attempts to gain intelligence, my scouts fell
in with 2 Chocktaw Indians, from whose information I was induced
to believe, that no attack would soon be made. In fact they seem-
ed rather to insinuate that the enemy was rather intimidated, and

203

stated that the Chocktaws in the immediate neighbourhood, who
had joined them, had, at the instance of Pooshemataha, (a medal
chief) withdrawn from them, intending to remain neutral ; and that
they had removed and were removing from the scene of action
to a more secure place for their women and children. This I
ascertained to be the fact. Their towns were visited by captain
Wells of dragoons, and found abandoned. Under these circum-
stances I left Easley's station, and, on my way to this post, learned
that major Beasley had been attacked. I reached this place at
twelve o'clock last night, having rode 70 miles since morning.

" The attack on major Beasley was made at about 11 o'clock, A.
M. on the 30th ultimo. It was unexpected at the moment it oc-
cured, but the whole garrison was immediately under arms. The
front gate was open, and the enemy ran in great numbers to pos-
sess themsevles of it. In the contest for the gate many fell on
both sides : soon, however, the action became'general, the enemy
fighting on all sides in the open field, and as near the stockade
•as they could get. The port-holes were taken and retaken seve-
ral times. A block-house was contended for by captain Jack, at
the head of his brave riflemen, for the space of an hour after the
enemy were in possession of a part of it, when finally they suc-
ceeded in driving this company into a house in the fort, and hav-
ing stopped many of the port -holes with the ends of rails, possess-
ed themselves of the walls. From the houses our troops made a
gallant defence, but the enemy set fire to the roofs, and an
attempt to extinguish the flames proved unsuccessful. The few
who remained now attempted to retreat under the direction of
captain Bailey of the militia, and ensign Chambliss of the rifle
company, both of whom had been badly wounded. Previously to
their retreat, they threw into the flames many of the guns of the
dead men. Few of them succeeded in escaping. Both the
officers are missing, and supposed to be dead. Nine of the vo-
lunteers and three of the volunteer militia have reached this,
several of them wounded. A few citizens who fought in the
stockade, but not enrolled in any company, also escaped, one of
them leaving a wife and six children, who were probably burnt to
death. Major Beasley fell gallantly fighting at the head of his
command near the gate, at the commencement of the action.
Captain Jack was killed about the close of the scene, having pre-
viously received two wounds. Captain Middleton also distin-
guished himself, having received four or five wounds before he
fell. He was active, and fought bravely from the commencement
of the action until he died. Lieutenant S. M. Osborn, of Wil-
kinson county, after receiving two wounds, was taken into a house,
but requested to die on the ground, that he might as lone as pos-
sible see the men tight. The other officers fell noblv doing their
duty; and the non-commissioned officers and privates deserve
equally well. The action continued until five in the evening.

204

"Our loss is great : sixty-five, including officers and men, were
killed belonging to the first regiment of Mississippi territory

volunteers, ami twenty-seven volunteer militia, officers included.
Many respectable citizens, with numerous families, who had
abandoned their farms tor security, were also killed or burnt in
the houses into which they had iled. The loss of the enemy must
have been from 150 to -200 killed and wounded. Their force is
supposed to have been from 5 to r00«

•• At the mills of Messrs. J. and W. Pierce, about a mile from
the post, is a small guard, commanded by lieutenant Montgomery,
which were stationed previous to, and at the time of, the attack;
but it is believed he abandoned his posi ion in time to save his
command. He has not yet been heard of, but 1 hope made good
his retreat to Mobile.

" Lieutenant colonel Ross, whilst at Mobile, hearing of the fate,
or probable fate, of our troops on Tensaw, ordered capiain Blue,
of the 7th United States' regiment, with 100 men, to this place,
and he arrived about day-break this morning, ami will here wait
your orders. We are busily engaged in fitting this cantonment
for defence, and will be prepared to give a good account of the
enemy, should an opportunity ort'er. They will, however, not
attack us until they unite all their forces; but when they do, you
may rely on their baing warmly received. It is my belief that
thev er.nnot bring a force against us which we will not be able to
defeat; but we can do no more than defend ourselves in this
place.

" I have not heard from colonel Carson. He has a good stockade,
and a garrison of about 150 volunteers, and within -200 yards is
a >tation, in which are many families, and about 50 fighting men.
Should the Indians attack the colonel, he will certainly defeat
them. Dent and Scott's companies are ordered from Easley's to
St. Stephens, where are also the broken companies of Morrison
and Foelckill. In the Chocktaw factory at St. Stephens, there is
much public property. At this place we have the papers belong-
ing to the land-office ; the citizens having left them and fled to
the different forts, and the enemy will enrich themselves with
plunder. I have not a force which will enable me to guard this
extensive frontier, and the country must rest upon governor
Holmes, in part, for aid. I know that your situation will not
admit of your drawing much, if any force, from Mobile and Mobile
point, and that you ha*e no disposable troops on the Mississippi.
Manac.a half breed, who can be relied on, was at Pensacola about
ten days ago. He says, that while he was there, three vessels with
Spanish troops arrived.

"Judge Ton I min and a great many families have left this part of
the country, and <;one to Mobile. I fear many negroes will run
off to the enemy ; indeed they are already in possession of about
100 of them, and a large quantity of stock and other property.

205

" Six o'clock, P. M. An express this moment arrived from
•■eneral Flournoy, with orders for the 3d United States' regiment
-to march immediately.

* The volunteer cavalry are also under similar orders."

UNITED STATES' SLOOP PRESIDENT,

Near Plattsburg, September 9tb, 181S,

SIR,

I have the honour to inform you that I arrived here yesterday
from near the lines, having sailed from Burlington on the 6th,
with an intention to fall in With the enemy who were then near
this place ; having proceeded to within a short distance of the
lines, I received information that they were at anchor there. Soon
after, thev weighed and stood to the northward out of the lake;
thus if not acknowledging our ascendancy on the lake, evincing
an unwillingness (although they had the advantage of situation,
owing tn the narrowness of the channel in which their galleys
could work, when we should want room) to determine it.

I have the honour to be, &c.

THOMAS MACDONOUGH.

Hon. Wm. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

U. S. BRIG NIAGARA, OFF THE WESTERN SISTERS,

Head of lake Erie, September 10th, 1815, 4 P. Jt.

SIR,

It has pleased the Almighty to give to the arms of the United
States a signal victory over their enemies on this lake. The Bri-
tish squadron, consisting of two ships, two brigs, one schooner,
and one sloop, have this moment surrendered to the force under
my command, after a sharp conflict.

I have the honour to be, &c.

O. H. PERRY.
Hon. Wm. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

U. S. SCHOONER ARIEL, PUT-IN-B \Y,

September 13th, 1813.

SIR,

In my last I informed you that we had captured the enemy's
fleet on this lake. I have now the honour to give you tie most
important particulars of the action. On the morning of die 10th
instant, at sun-rise, they were discovered from Put-m-Bay, whelk
I lav at anchor with the squadron under my command. We got
under weiurh, the wind lig t at south-west, and stood for them. At
10 A. M. the v\ind hauled to south-east and brought us to wind-
ward ; formed the line and bore up. At i.^ minutes before 12,
the enemy commenced firing ; at five minutes before 12, the actio*
cwajaeoiced on ear part. " Finding their fire very destructive

306

tiring to their long guns, and its being mostly directed at the
Lawrence, I made sail, and directed the other vessels to follow,
for the purpose of closing with the enemy. Every brace and
bowline being soon shot away, she became unmanageable, not-
withstanding the great exertions of the sailing master. In this
situation, she sustained the action upwards of two hours within
canister distance, until every gun was rendered useless, and the
greater part of her crew either killed or wounded. Finding she
could no longer annoy the enemy, 1 left her in charge of lieuten-
ant Yarnall, who, I was convinced, from the bravery already dis-
played by him, would do what would comport with the honour of
the flag. At half past two, the wind springing up, captain Elliot
was enabled to bring his vessel, the Niagara, gallantly into close
action. I immediately went on board other, when he anticipated
my wish by volunteering to bring the schooner which had been
kept astern by the lightness of the wind, into close action. It
was with unspeakable pain that I saw, soon after 1 got on board
the Niagara, the flag of the Lawrence come down, although I was
perfectly sensible that she had been defended to the last, and that
to have continued to make a show of resistance would have been a
wanton sacrifice of the remains of her brave crew. But the en-
emy was not able to take possession of her, and circumstances
soon permitted her flag again to be hoisted. At 45 minutes past
2, the signal was made for " close action." The Niagara being
very little injured, 1 determined to pass through the enemy's line,
bore up and passed ahead of their two ships and a brig, giving a
raking fire to them from the starboard guns, and to a large schoo-
ner and sloop, from the larboard side, at half pistol shot distance.
The smaller vessels at this time, having got within grape and can-
ister distance, under the direction of captain Elliot, and keeping
up a well directed fire, the two ships, a brig, and a schooner sur-
rendered, a schooner and sloop making a vain attempt to escape.
Those officers and men who were immediately under my ob-
servation, evinced the greatest gallantry, and I have no doubt
that all others conducted themselves as became American officers
and seamen. Lieutenant Yarnall, first of the Lawrence, although
several times wounded, refused to quit the deck. Midshipman
Forrest (doing duty as lieute'ount) and sailing master Taylor,
were of great assistance to me. I have great pain in stating to
you, the death of lieutenant Brook of the marines, and midship-
man Laub, both of the Lawrence, and midshipman John Clarke
of the Scorpion : they were valuable and promising officers. Mr.
Hambleton, purser, who volunteered his services on deck, was
severely wounded late in the action. Midshipmen Claxton and
Swartout of the Lawrence, were severely wounded. On board
the Niagara, lieutenants Smith and Edwards, and midshipman
Webster (doing duty as sailing master)' behaved in a very hand-
some manner. Captain Brevobrt of the army, who acted as a
volunteer in the capacity of a marine officer, on board that vessel,

&07

is au excellent and brave officer, and with his musketry, did great
execution. Lieutenant Turner, commanding the Caledonia,
brought that vessel into action in the most able manner, and is an
officer that in all situations, may be relied on. The Ariel, lieute-
nant Parker, and Scorpion, sailing master Champlin, were enabled
to get early into action, and were of great service. Captain El-
liot speaks in the highest terms of Mr. Magrath, purser, who had
been despatched in a boat on service, previous to my getting on
board the Niagara ; and, being a seaman, since the action has ren-
dered essential service in taking charge of one of the prizes. Of
captain Elliot, already so well known to the government, it would
be almost superfluous to speak ; in this action, he evinced his cha-
racteristic bravery and judgment ; and, since the close of the
action, has given me the most able and essential assistance.

I have the honour to enclose you a return of the killed and
wounded, together with a statement of the relative force of the
squadrons. The captain and first lieutenant of the Queen Char-*
lotte, and first lieutenant of the Detroit, were killed. Captain
Barclay, senior officer, and the commander of the Lady Prevost,
severely wounded. Their loss in killed and wounded, I have not
yet been able to ascertain j it must, however, have been very great.

Very respectfully, &c.

O. H. PERRY.

Hon. Wm. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

Statement of the force of the British squadron.

Ship Detroit, 19 guns — 1 on pivot and 2 howitzers.

Queen Charlotte, - 17 guns, 1 do.

Schooner Lady Prevost, 13 do. 1 do.

Brig Hunter, - - - 10 do.

Sloop Little Belt, - - - 3 do. -

Schooner Chippeway, - 5 - 1 do. and 2 swivels.

63 guns.

Note — The Detroit is a new ship, very strongly built, and
mounts long twenty-fours, eighteens, and twelves.

Statement of the force of the United States' squadron.

Brig Lawrence, 20 guns,

Niagara, - - - 20 do.

Caledonia, 3 do.

Schooner Ariel, 4 do. (1 burst early in action)

Scorpion, - 2 do.

Somers, - - 2 do. and 2 swivels

Sloop Trippe, - - - 1 do.

Schooner Tygress, - - 1 do.

Porcupine, - 1 do.

guns.

308

The exaet number of the enemy's force, has not been ascer-
tained, but I have good reason to believe that it exceeded ours, by
nearly 100 men.

List of killed and wounded on board the United States' squadron,
under command of 0. H. Ferry, esq. in the action of the 10th
of September, 1813.

[Two days previous to the action, 57 men unfit for duty in the
small vessels.]

On b&ard the Lawrence,-

-Killed 22,-

-Wounded 61—

-Total 83

Niagara,

Caledonia,

Somers,

Ariel,

Trippe,

Scorpion,

123

S. HAMBLETON, Purser.
O. H. Perry, Captain and Senior officer.

UNITED STATES' SHIP GENERAL PIKE,

Off Duck Island, September 13th, 1813.

SIR,

On the 7th, at day-light, the enemy's fleet was discovered
dose in with Niagara river, wind from the southward ; — made the
signal, weighed with the fleet (prepared for action) and stood out
of the river after him ; he immediately made all sail to the north-
ward- We made sail in chase, with our heavy schooners in tow,
and have continued the chase all around the lake, night and day,
until yesterday morning, when he succeeded in getting into Am-
herst bay, which is so little known to our pilots, and said to be
full of shoals, that they are not willing to take me in there. I
shall, however, (unless driven from my station by a gale of wind)
endeavour to watch him so close, as to prevent his getting out

upon the lake.

During our long chase we frequently got within from one to two
miles of the enemy, but our heavy sailing schooners prevented
our closing with him, until the 11th, off' Genesee river ; we carried
a breeze with us while he lay becalmed, to within about three
fourths of a mile of him, when he took the breeze, and we had a
running fight of three and a half hours, but by his superior sailing,
he escaped me and run into Amherst bay yesterday morning. In
the course of our chase, on the 11th, I got several broadsides from
this ship upon the enemy, which must have done him considerable
imurv, as many of the "shot were seen to strike him, and people

201)

were observed over the side, plugging shot holes. A few shot struck
our hull, and a little rigging was cut, but nothing of importance— -
not a man was hurt.

I was much disappointed that sir James refused to fight me,
as he was so much superior in point of force, both in guns and men,
having upwards of 20 guns more than we have, and heaves a
greater weight of shot. This ship, the Madison, and the Sylph,
have each of them a schooner constantly in tow, yet the others
cannot sail as fast as the enemy's squadron, which gives him de-
cidedly the advantage, and puts it in his power to engage me when
and how he chooses.

I have the honour to be, Sec.

ISAAC CHATTNCEY.
Hon. Wm. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

CANANDAIGUA, September 14th, 1813.
SIR,

A large number of the patriotic citizens of this and the ad-
jacent towns, anxious to do their duty in a crisis so interesting to
the nation in general, and to this part of the country in particu-
lar, have associated themselves to volunteer their services to the
United States for the residue of the campaign at least.

In order to effectuate their intentions, however, it will be ne-
cessary that their movements should receive your approbation
and sanction, and that they should be assured of, that the corps,
whether a company, battalion, or (as is possible) a regiment,
should be received, organized, and countenanced by your order
and authority. The lateness of the season, and the anxiety of
the members, induce us to request an early and authoritative
reply, that the association may be equipped according to law,
and be useful to their country this season. It may not be hardly
decorous for us to say it, but we must observe, that the subscribers
will prove to be obedient and brave soldiers.

In their behalf, I am, &c.

DANIEL RODMAN.

Major general Wilkinson,

or the officer commanding at Fort George.

U. S. NAVY YARD, PORTSMOUTH,

September 14th, 1813.
SIR,

I have the honour to forward to you, by the mail, the flags of
the late British brig Boxer, which were nailed to her mast heads
at the time she engaged, and was captured by the United States'
brig Euterprize.

Great as the pleasure is that I derive from performing this part
of my duty, I need not tell you how different my feelings would
have been, could the gallant Burrows have had this honour!

£10

He went into action most gallantly, and the difference of injur*

done the two vessels proves how nobly he fought.

I have the honour to be, &c.

ISAAC MULL.

Hon. Wm. Jones, Secretary of the Na\y.

BLACK ROCK, September 17th, 1813.

vSIR,

In consequence of encouragements from general Boyd, that a
general and decisive movement was about to be made by the army,
and that an additional force was desirable, we repaired to fort
George about five weeks ago, with 500 men, consisting of volun-
teers, militia, and Indians. Most of us remained here for twelve or
fourteen days, but our hopes not being realized, the men contin-
ually dispersed and went home, not however without expecta-
tions, again encouraged by generals Boyd and Williams, that wc
should be shortly called on again to aid in operations, which the
people in this part of the country, so long harrassed by the calam-
ities of war, feel so strong an interest in forwarding. Under sim-
ilar expectations many of our friends in the interior have intimated
to us their readiness to join with respectable reinforcements on the
shortest notice : and we are informed that one company, about 70
strong, is actually on its march, and will arrive here to-day or to-
morrow.

We are at this moment much at a loss how to act, and our dif-
ficulty is increased by the various rumours and conjectures circula-
ted by the different officers daily arriving from head quarters,
some of whom represent that no offensive operations are to be under-
taken on this frontier, but that the regular army is immediately
to be marched, either to the east to attack Kingston, or to the west
to join general Harrison. Others state that an attack is to be
made op the British forces in the vicinity of this place.

Under these circumstances, we are induced to inquire of you
whether such a force as we have it in our power to raise is desired
by you to effectuate your plans, and if so, in what numbers, and at
what time? If your object be to sally out upon the enemy at fort
George, wc could bring you a respectable force. But, on the con-
trary, if you meditate an attack at some other point, and the
withdrawal of the regular troops from fort George, and placing
this frontier on the defensive only, by means of militia, we would
observe that our prepared force is of such a character as could not
be engaged in this service.

Upon the supposition that you intend to withdraw the regular
troops from this frontier, we beg leave to submit a proposition for
your consideration.

We believe we are not incorrect in saying that it would require
nearly quite as great a force to defend this line of frontier against
.i given force of the enemy, as it would to attack and subdue that

feuemy. Sir George Provost has ordered the militia of the uppei
province to be called out en masse. They are to assemble oil
Saturday nt;\t. And if, after your departure, the,enemy opposite

here should take it in his head to retain all his regular force, and
play oft* his skill against the inexperience of our militia, we might
have occasion to fear a repetition of former scenes in the present
war.

Our proposition (in case of your leaving this place) is, that we
be permitted to raise, between this and the first of October, a vol-
unteer force of from 1,000 to 1,200 men, exclusive of Indians.
That v e add to it as many of the militia stationed on the lines as
may be willing to join us. That we be furnished with a small train
(say 4 pieces) of field artillery, with experienced officers and men
to fight them ; and that with this force we be authorized to invade
the enemy's country.

.Should you think proper to confer such an authority on us, and
direct that the volunteers shall be furnished with arms, ammuni-
tion, provisions, &c. and receive pay while in actual service, we
pledge our lives that before the close of the season we wdl occupy
the whole of the valuable ami populous peninsula opposite this
river, and either capture, destroy, or disperse all the enemy's force
in this quarter.

You may perhaps make it convenient to send an answer by the
bearer, captain Hall.

We are, sir, most respectfully, &c.

PETER B. PORTER,
CYRENIUS CHAPIN,

JOSEPH M. M'CJLLRE-

Major general Wilkinson,

FORT GEORGE, September 18th, 1813.
GENTLEMEN,

Your letter of yesterday which reached me last evening, gives
you a claim to my acknowledgments, and to those of your country.
But as 1 am altogether unauthorized by law or instruction to sanc-
tion your plan for the levy of a body of volunteers, and as your
anticipations, propositions, and suggestions embrace a range and a
character upon which 1 have neither right nor authority to delib-
erate, I have considered it my duty to transmit a copy of your letter
to the secretary of war, now at feackett's Harbor, by express, for
hi-, deliberation and decision.

I hope he may find it convenient and proper to meet your views,
and have only to add, that you shall be advised of his answer
without a moment's delay, after it may reach my hands.

With high consideration and respect,
JAMES WILKINSON
1 " Vot^r B. Pnrtor, major Cvrenius Clmpin, ami Josoph M. M'Cl'.r*

2B3

ILiiract of a letter from general Wilkinson to the Secretary of
War, dated September 20M, 1813.

" I am well again, and that's a good thing, for I have been during
mv sicklies.- somewhat of a smell fungus.

" Now indeed would be a fine time to slip into the St. Lawrence
if Chauncey could keep sir James blockaded above Kingston, and
command the river below at tie same time, and our preparations
were completely matured, but it is an herculean task to extract
order from chaos. No time has or shall be lost on my part; but
we canno. , when prepared at all points, controul the winds. It
was last night only the transports from Oswego arrived ; and if I
am not hardly opposed by weather, 1 hope 1 shall have 1000 men
ailoatby the 26th, and complete my embarkations on the 30th, after
Which, until we reach Grenadier Island, I must look to our squa-
dron and the heavens for safety.

" Chauncey tells me he is liable to be blown off from his station,
and in such case sir James may slip out by him, but promises to
follow him. It is material, to prevent the enemy from following
'and cutting our rear, that some competent force should take post
on the St. Lawrence below Kingston ; and I pray of you to make
this arrangement with Chauncey. Before I left Saefcett's Harbor,
I ordered a dozen slip keel boats to carry" 50 men each, and to row
30 oars, to be armed with a light cannon in their bow.

" This armament is to sweep the .St. Lawrence of the enemy's
gun boats, and to take post in advance when and wherever it may
be advisable. 1 beg you, if necessary on your part, to gi\e effect
to this order.

"We have just received advice confirmatory of a naval combat on
lake Erie, in which it is said Perry has taken the whole British
squadron on the 10th instant, and brought the vessels into " Put-
ney harbor at the islands" — Ids own vessel, the Lawrence, barely
capable of being floated. The action lasted six hours. This will
cancel your news from our commodore.

"The enclosed letter from general M'Clure breathes a good spi-
rit, but he will not be up for several days. In t'n^ mean time 1
shall prepare his orders, to be ready to give hint (lie command.

" A body of horse, a small one at that point where the fate of the
island is to be decided by combat (for believe not that we shall get
possession of Montreal without a battle) will be invaluable. Burn
has been ordered hence sometime before mv arrival, to recruit his
cavalry and prepare them for action, and I shall order him by
ex] ress to-morrow to incline by indirect dilatory marches towards
Hamilton, there to look for further orders, somewhere about Ant-
werp or that quarter. From Denmark or Champion he is to
advise the commanding officer at Sackett's Harbor of his move-
ments.

«• Dc Roitenbergis underthe full belief that I mean to attack him.
and I shall keep up the delusion as long as possible.

213

Ct The snail's pace of the reinforcements approaching this cjivl
sion, and, pardon ine, their direction and route occasion me sur-
prize. Of what avail will be the detachments under colonels
Randolph and Coles, which are, I learn from Washington, on
their march to this place, where they cannot, or will not arrive
before the 15th proximo. If these detachments had been ordered
pn by all the available water communications from Annapolis to
Albany, they could have reached Sackett's Harbor in season, and a
column of 800 men would have been found an important desidera-
tum in our impending operations. Where also are the 1000 men
reported tome by colonel Duane as being ready for march before
I reached Philadelphia? I must hope near Sackett's Harbor. I
put these cpiestions to you that I may apprize you of facts, thai
you, with whom it rests, may apply the remedy, for I find we
possess little military subordination or respect, and that a chief
of an army is obeyed more from courtesy than principle or pro-
fessional obligations.

" I send this by the privateer Fox to commodore Chauncey, with
a request that he accelerate its progress to you. This place
neither stops a gap, extends our possessions, nor covers or pro-
tects a country; it is good far nought, but to command the ground
it occupies, and therefore I shall dismantle and abandon it."

Extract of a letter from the Secretary of War, to general Wil

Linson, dated

SACKETT'S HARUOR, September 22d, 1S13.
DEAR GENERAL,

"Your letters of the 16th, lTth, and 18th instant, have been
this moment received; I hasten to answer them. The main ob-
ject must be prosecuted; Chauncey is not broken down ; he can
and will command the lake, and while he does so, our position at
Fort George maybe maintained. If the enemy's sick list amounts
to one thousand four hundred out of three thousand, the enemy
can undertake nothing with effect. In this view of the subject,
close with P. B. Forier's proposition, made in the following words,
viz: ' Our proposition (in case of your leaving this place] is, that
Ave be permitted to raise, between this and the 1st of October, a
volunteer force of ..from one thousand to one thousand two hun-
dred men, exclusive oflndians; that we add to it as many of th<;
militia stationed on the lines as may be willing to join us ; that we
be furnished with a small train (say four pieces of field artillery
with experienced officers and men to fight them) and that with
this force we be authorized to invade the enemy's country.' Red-
man's corps may join Porter. Any volunteers you may h'tve
with the army, whose times are near expiring, and who are ie
sirous of continuing in service, mav do so i\io. We will cover

21.1

the whole by a requisition upon governor Tompkins lor additional
militia. The enemy's fleet nave left the Chesapeake, I believe for
Halifax, whence the land troops are to be sent into Canada:
another motive for quick movements.

" My last letters by Chauncey of the 18th or 19th, gave you
all we yet know. Prevost has left Kingston, it is said for Que-
beck; more probably for Montreal.

" Yours faithfully and forever,
" JOHN ARMSTRONG."

Extract of a letter from major general Harrison to the Secretary

of War, dated

"HEAD QUARTERS, BASS ISLAND, September 22d, 1813.

"The greater part of the troops are here with me, and the
whole will, I believe, be up by twelve o'clock. I shall proceed
as far as the Middle Sister in the course of the night and to-mor-
row, and in the following night get so near the enemy's coast as
to land two or three miles below Maiden by eight o'clock in the
morning. These prospects may, however, be retarded by adverse
winds. Commodore Perry gives me every assistance in his pow-
er."'

HEAD QUARTERS, AMIIERSTRURCi,

September 23d, 1813.

SIB,

I have the honour to inform you thai I landed the army
under my command, about three miles below this place, at three
o'clock this morning, without opposition, and took possession of
the town in an hour after. General Proctor has retreated to
Sandwich, vwthhis regular troops and Indians, having previously
burned the foil, navy yard, barracks, and public store houses —
the two latter were very extensive, covering several acres of
ground. 1 will pursue the enemy to-morrow, although there is no
probability of overtaking him, as he has upwards of 1000 horses,
and we have not one in the armv. 1 shall think myself fortunate
10 be able to collect a sufficiency to mount the general officers.
li i- supposed heir, that general Proctor intends to establish him-
self upon the river French, forty miles from Maiden.

I have the honour to be, &c.

WJLLIAM II. HARRISON

rhc S'eeretarj of \\ >-

215

U. S. SCHOONER ARTEL,

Put-in-Bay, September 24th, 1813.
SIR,

I have the honour to acquaint you that about 1200 troops
were yesterday transported to a small island, distant about four
leagues from Maiden, notwithstanding it blew hard, with frequent
squalls. This day, although the weather is not settled, the
squadron will again take over as many more. We onlv wait for
favourable weather to make a final move. I need not assure you,
sir, that every possible exertion will be made by the officers and
men under my command to assist the advance of the army ; and
it aifords me great pleasure to have it in my power to say, that
the utmost harmony prevails between the army and navy.

I have the honour to be, pec.

0. H. PERRY.

Hon. Win, Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

NASHVILI.E, September 2-itb, 1813.
SIR,

You will forthwith call out, to rendezvous in the shortest
practicable time, at Fayetteville, Lincoln county, l2U00 of the
militia and volunteers of your division, and march them to repel
an approaching invasion and attack, to be made by the Creek In-
dians on the frontier of Madison county, M. T. and the frontier
of this state; which information I have this moment received, by
express, from captain MTlellan, of the United States* army, com-
manding officer at fort Hampton, communicated under cover of a
letter received from captain Brahan, of Huntsville. The United
States' contractor will, by your order, furnish provisions, and W,
B. Lewis, esquire, assistant deputy quarter master, will furnish
ammunition and other necessary supplies in his department. You
will require the muster master, or inspector, colonel R. Hayes, to
muster the troops into service. Delay is inadmissible. You will
observe my order of the 14th August last.

Your obedient servant,

WILLIE BLOUNT.

Major general Andrew Jackson,

3d division Tennessee militia.

U. S. SHIP GENERAL PIKE, NIAGARA RIVER,

September 25th, 1813.

SIR,

After I had the honour of addressing you on the 15th, I con-
tinued to blockade the enemy until the 17th, when the wind
blowing heavy from the westward, the enemy having run into
Kingston, and knowing that he could not move from that place

ji6

before a change of wind, I took the opportunity of running into
Sackett's Harbour.

I remained but a few hours at the Harbour and left it at day-
light on the morning of the 18th, but did not arrive here until
yesterday, owing to continual head winds, not having laid our
course during the passage. On the 19th I saw the enemy's fleet
near the False Ducks, but took no notice of him, as I wished him
to follow me up the lake.

There is a report here, and generally believed, that captain
Perry has captured the whole of the enemy's fleet on lake Erie.
If this should prove true in all its details, (and God grant that it
may) he has immortalized himself and not disappointed the high
expectations formed of his talents and bravery.

I have learnt, from a source which can be depended upon, that
we did the enemy much more injury, in our encounter on the 1 1th,
than 1 had expected : I find that we killed captain Mulcaster, of
the Royal George, and a number of his men, and did considerable
injury to that ship, as well as several other vessels. It was truly
unfortunate that we could not have brought the enemy to a general
action on that day, as I am confident the victory would have been
as complete as that upon lake Erie. I have, however, the conso-
lation to know, that every exertion was used to bring him to close
action. If we did not succeed, it was not our fault,

I have the honour to be, &c.

ISAAC CHAUNCEY.

Hon. William Jones,

Secretary of the Navy, Washington.

GENERAL ORDERS
Of Debarkation, of March, and of9Battle.

HEAD QUARTERS, ON BOARD THE U. S. SCHOONER ARIEL,

September 26th, 1813.

As it is the intention of the general to land the army on the
enemy's coast, the following will be the order of debarkation, of
march, and of battle :

The right wing of the army will be composed of the Kentucky
volunteers, under the command of his excellency governor Shel-
by, acting as major general. The left wing, of the light corps of
lieutenant colonel Ball, and the brigades of generals M' Arthur
and Cass. The arrangement is made with a view to the localities
of the ground, upon which the troops are to act, and the composi-
tion of the enemy's force, and is calculated, in marching up the
'ike or straight, to place our regular troops in the open ground on
the lake, where they will probably be opposed by the British regu-
lars, and the Kentucky volunteers in the woods, which it is pre-

217

Sumed will be occupied by the enemy's militia and Indians.
When the signal is given for putting to the shore, the corps of
lieutenant colonel Ball will precede the left wing : the regiment
of volunteer riflemen the right wing: these corps will land with
the utmost celerity, consistent with the preservation of good or-
der, and as soon as landed, will seize the most favourable position
for annoying the enemy and covering the disembarkation of the
troops of the line. General Cass's brigade will follow colonel
Ball's corps, and general Calmes the volunteer riflemen. The
regiments will land and form in succession upon those which
precede them. The right wing, with its left in front, displaying
to the right; and the left wing with its right in front, displaying
to the left. The brigades of generals King, Allen, and Caldwell,
will form successively to the right of general Calmes. General
M' Arthur and Childs's brigades will form the reserve. The gej
neral will command in person, the right brigades of generals
Ca~s and Calmes, assisted by major general Henry. His excel-
lency governor Shelby will have the immediate command of three
brigades on the right, assisted by major general Desha. As soon
as the troops are disembarked, the boats are to be immediately
sent back to the fleet. It will be observed that the order of land-
ing, here prescribed, is somewhat that of direct eschelons de-
ployed into line upon the advanced corps of the right and left
wing. It is the intention of the general, however, that all the
troops which are provided with boats, should land in as quick
succession as possible ; and the general officers command towards
the extremities of the line, are authorized to deviate from the ar-
rangement to counteract any movement of the enemy, by landing
any part of their commands, previously to the formation of the
corps, which is herein directed to precede them. The corps 6t
lieutenant colonel Ball, and the volunteer rifle regiment, will
maintain the position they occupy on landing, until the troops of
the line are formed to support them ; they will then retire through
the intervals of the line, or to the flanks, and form in the rear of
the line.

A detachment of artillery, with a six, four, and three pounder
and howitzer, will land with the advanced light corps; the rest
of the artillery will be held in reserve, and lauded at such point
as major "Wood may direct.

The point of landing for the reserve, under brigadier general
Mf Arthur, cannot now be designated; it will be made to support
any point of the line which may require aid, or be formed on the
flanks, as circumstances may render necessary. The arrange-
ment for landing the troops, will be made entirely under the di-
rection of an officer of the navy, whom commodore Perry has
been so obliging as to otter for that purpose. The debarkation of
the troops will be covered by the cannon of the vessels. The
troops being landed, and the enemy driven oft", or not opposing
the landing, the army will change its front to the left, and form

218

in order of battle in the following manner. The two brigades of
regular troops, and two of the volunteers, to be formed in two
lines at right angles to the shore of the lake. Generals M' Arthur's
brigade and Calmes to form the front line, and Cass's and Childs's
the second line ; the regular troops still on the left ; that flank of
both line-;, resting on the shore, — the distance between the two
lines will be 300 yards. The remaining three brigades of volun-
teers will be drawn up in a single line of two ranks, at right
angles to the line of march, its head upon the right of the front
line, forming a crotchet (en potence) with that line, and extending
beyond the second line. The corps of lieutenant colonel Ball
Avill form the advance of the left wing, at the distance of 300
yards, the regiment of rifle volunteers, the advance of the right
wing, at the same distance.

Some light pieces of artillery will be placed in the road lead-*
ing up the lake, and at such other points as major Wood may
direct. When the order is given for marching, the first and
second lines will advance by files from the heads of companies:
in other words, these two lines will form two columns, inarching
by their flanks by companies at entire distances. The three bri-
gades on the right flank will be faced to the left and marched
forward — the head of this column still forming en potence with
the front line. It is probable that the two brigades of the front
line will extend from the lake, some distance into the woods, on
the right flank, and it is desirable it should be so: but should it
be otherwise, and the crotchet or angle be at any time on the
open ground, his excellency governor Shelby will immediately
prolong the front line to the right, by adding to it as many com-
panies of the leading brigade of the flank column as will bring
the angle, and consequently the flank column itself, completely
within the woods. It is to be presumed that the enemy will
make their attack upon the army on its march, that their regular
troops will form their right upon the lake, their militia occupy the
ground between the. regulars and the woods, and the Indians the
woods. The formation herein prescribed is intended to resist an
arrangement of this kind. Should the general's conjecture, on
that subject prove correct, as it must be evident that the right of
the enemy cannot be turned, and on that wing his best troops
must be placed, it will be proper to refuse him our left, and direct
our principal effort to uncover the flank of his regulars by driving
oil his militia. In the event supposed, therefore, it will be pro-
per to bring up a part or the whole of general Cass's brigade, to.
assist the charge made by general Calmes, or that the former
should change positions with the brigade ot volunteers in the
second line. Should the general think it safe to order the whole
pf Cass's briga.de to the right, without replacing it with another,
general Cass will march to the right, formed in oblique eschelons
of companies. It will be the business of general M' Arthur, in
tlje evgnt of his wing being refund to watch the motions of the ene .

219

uiy, with the "assistance of the artillery, to prevent his front lki£
at least from interrupting the progress of our right. Should the
enemy's militia be defeated, the brigade of ours in advance will
immediately wheel upon the flank ot the British°regillars, and gen-
eral M'Arthur will advance to attack them in front. In the mean
time, his excellency governor Shelby can use the brigade in re-
serve of the seconcf line to prolong the flank line from its front
or left, or to reinforce any weak part of the line. In all cases
Where troops in advance are obliged to retire through those who
are advancing to support them, it will be done by companies in
files, which will retire through the intervals of the advancing line,
and will immediately form in rear. The light troops will be par-
ticularly governed by this direction.

The disposition of the troops on the right flank is such as the
commanding general thinks best calculated to resist an attack from
Indians, which is only to be expected from that quarter. His excel-
lency governor Shelby will, however, use his discretion in making
any alteration which his experience and judgment ma} dictate.
Lieutenant colonel Ball, lieutenant colonel Simral, and the gen-
eral officers commanding on the flank line, are to send out small
detachments in advance of the two former corps, and to the flank
of trie latter. Should they discover the enemy in force, immedi-
ately notice will be sent to the lines. The general commanding
on the spot will immediately order the signals for forming in order
of battle, which will be the beat " to arms"

All signals will be immediately repeated by all the drums of
the line — the signal for the whole to halt, is the retreat. Drums
will be distributed along the heads of companies, and the taps
occasionally given to regulate their march.

Lieutenant colonels Ball and Simral are to keep the general
constantly advised of the discoveries made by the advanced par-
ties. Where it shall become necessary for the corps of Ball and
Simral to retire, they will form on the flank or in the rear of
generals M' Arthur's and Calmes's brigades, and receive the orders
of the brigadiers respectively.

Brigadier general Cass will designate such officers as he may
deem proper, to assist captain Elliott, of the navy, in the arrange-
ment of the troops. The general will be the signal for the whole
to move. By command,

EDMUND P. GAINES, Col Mj. Gen.
Truly copied from the original.

ROBERT BUTTLER, 4. Mj. Gen*

NIAGARA, September 27th, 1813, 6 o'clock. A. M.
DEAR SIR,

I received, at eight o'clock last evening, your interesting letter
of the 22d, and shall employ its authorizatioiTs to the best po? ->
iHde effect*

220

Fifteen hundred men were embarked with orders to sail the
dav before yesterday, but a strong easterly wind has made it im-
possible to move.

The whole force? say three thousand combatants, after deduc-
ting the garrisons of Fort George and Niagara, were ready for
embarkation yesterday, and as the weather is serene at this mo-
ment, I hope the whole may be able to move at dusk this day : 1
say at dusk because I am desirous to keep my neighbours under
a delusion as long as possible ; they are perplexed as to my inten-
tions, and will not be able to penetrate them before they have
discovered the course of my flotilla.

1 have authentic information from York the evening of the 24th
instant. The brigade of the militia in the vicinity were required
to assemble the 25th, and six hundred men of the 41st and 49th
regiments, second battalion, were daily expected there on their
route to this neighborhood : this is good ; and still better, three
spacious block houses are ordered by sir George to be erected
at York.

But, sir, here is one drawback ; the tantalizing sir James Yeo
was in shore with his fleet on the evening of the 24th, (Friday)
about twenty-eight miles east of York. Where he is now, we know
not, for he' has not since been heard of, and Chauncey is just
sending out the Lady of the Lake and the Neptune to reconnoitre
York and the coas't in that quarter. What may be the views"
of the knight ? to gasconade, to retard my movement, or to en-
able De Rottenberg to follow me? I am unable to divine ; but
will not be Longer delayed, and, therefore, shall be twenty miles to
the eastward before to-morrow morning, should the weather per-
mit. Ifsir James can be discovered, Chauncey will seek him,
otherwise he will sail with me to cover my left flank.

As we have not a moment to lose, I shall proceed directly to
Grenadier island, writing you and sending orders to the com-
manding officer by a despatch boat, en passant.

After all, we are so straitened for transport that we shall not
find room for more than fifteen day's provisions ; indeed, we have
little more to spare from this position, and therefore, our sole de-
pendence must be on the magazines at Sackett's Harbor, of which
the contractor should be personally advised. Heaven protect you.

Truly vours,
JAMES WILKINSON.
Honourable John Armstrong,

Secretary of War.

U. S. SCHOONER ARIPL, MALDEN HATJBOU,

September 27th, 1813, 5 P. M.

SIR,

I have the honour to acquaint you, that the army under
major general Harrison, have this moment marched into Maiden,

221

without opposition, and that the squadron are now at anchor off
the town.

I have the honour to be, &c.

0. II. PERRY.

The Secretary of the Navy.

U. S. FRIGATE PRESIDENT,

Newport, eptember 2~tli, 1813.

SIR,

Your having been informed of my leaving Boston on the 23d.
of April last, and of my departure from President Roads in com-
pany with the Congress, on the 30th of the same month ; it now
only remains for me to make, you acquainted with my proceedings
since the latter date.

In a few hours after getting to sea, the wind, which had been
light from the westward, shifted to the south-east and obliged me
to beat, consequently prevented our getting clear of the bay until
the 3d of May, when, in the afternoon, while in chase of a British
brig of war, near the shoal of George's Bank, we passed to wind-
ward of three sail, two of which, Irom their appearance and the
information previously received, I judged to be the La Hogue
74, and Xymphe frigate, and the third a merchant brig. After
getting clear of George's Bank the wind veered to the north-east-
ward, and we continued along east-southerly, in the direction of
the southern edge of the gulf stream until the 8th of May, in
longitude GO west, latitude 39 30 north, when I parted company
with the Congress. After parting company I shaped a course as
near as the wind would permit, to intercept the enemy's West
India commerce passing to the southward of the Grand Bank.
Jsot meeting with any thing in this direction except American ves-
sels from Lisbon and Cadiz, I next pursued a route to the north-
ward on a parallel with the eastern edge of the Grand Bank, so
as to cross the tracks of his West India, Halifax, Quebec, and St,
John's trade. In this route, experiencing constant thick fogs for
a number of days, and not meeting any thing, after reaching the
latitude of 48 north, I steered to the south-east towards the Azores,
oft' which, in different directions, I continued until the 6th of
June, without meeting a single enemy's vessel, or any others,
except two Americans. At this time falling in with an American
ship bound to Cadiz, and receiving information that she had, four
days before, passed an enemy's convoy from the West Indies
bound to England, I crowded sail to the north-east, and, although
disappointed in failing in with the convoy, I nevertheless made
four captures, between the 9th and 13th of June.

Being now in the latitude of 46 north, and longitude 28 west, I
determined on going into the Nor," Sea, and accordingly shaped
a course that afforded a prospect of falling in with vessels bound
to ^Newfoundland from St. George's channel, by the way of C&pe

222

Clear, n> well as others that might pass north about to the north-
ward of Ireland. To my astonishment, however, in all this route"
I did not meet with a single vessel, until I made the Shetland
Islands, and even oft' there, nothing but Danish vessels trading to
England under British licenses. At the time I reached the Shet-
land Islands, a considerable portion of my provisions and water
being expended, it became necessary to replenish these, previous
to determining what course to pursue next ; and I accordingly,
for this purpose, put into North Bergen on the 27th of June ; but,
much to my surprise and disappointment, was not able to obtain
any thing but water, there being an unusual scarcity of bread in
every part of Norway, and, at the time, not more in Bergen than
a bare sufficiency for its inhabitants for four or five weeks. This
being the case, after replenishing my water, I departed on the 2d
of July and stretched over towards the Orkney Islands, and from
thence towards North Cape, for the purpose of intercepting a
convoy of 25 or 30 sail, which it was said would leave Archangel
about the middle of July, under the protection of two brigs or two
sloops of war; and which was further confirmed by two vessels I
captured on the 13th and 18th of the same month. In this object,
however, the enemy had the good fortune to disappoint me, by a
line of battle ship and a frigate making their appearance oft' the
North Cape on the 19th of July, just as I was in momentary
expectation of meeting the convoy. On first discovering the
enemy's two ships of war, not bein's; able, owing to the haziness
of the' weather, to ascertain their character with precision, I stood
toward them, until making out what they were, I hauled by the1.
wind on the opposite tack to avoid them; but owing to faint,
variable winds, calms, and entire day-light, (the sun in that lati \
tude, at that season, appearing at midnight several degrees above
the horizon) they were enabled to continue the chase upwards of
80 hours ; during which time, owing to different changes of the
wind in their favour, they were brought quite as near to us as
was desirable. At the time of meeting with the enemy's two
ships, the privateer schooner Scourge, of New York, which I had
fallen in with the day before, was in company ; but their attention
was so much en«;ro-sed by the President that they permitted the
Scourge to escape without appearing to take any notice of her.

Being thus disappointed in meeting the convoy, and a still
further'portion of mv provisions being expended, I determined to
proceed to a more westerly station, and accordingly steered to
gain the direction of the trade passing out of, and into, the Irish
channel. In this po-itini, between the 25th of July and the 2d
of Augttstj 1 made three captures, when, finding that the enemy
had a superior- force in that vicinity, I found it expedient to
change m v ground ; and after taking a circuit round Ireland, and
getting into the latitude of Cape Clear, steered for the banks of
Newfoundland, near to which I made two more captures, and by
the latter one found that the BelteropUon 74, and Hyperion frigat*

223

were on the eastern part of the bank, and only a few miles fu tbr
westward of me ; I however did not fall in with them. From the
eastern edge of the Grand Hank, to which I had beat all the way
from the north-west coast of Ireland, (the wind baring prevailed,
without intermission, from the 1st of August to the middle ol
September from west to southwest) I steered for the United
States, without seeing a single vessel of any kind until the 22d of
die present month, being near the south shoal of Nantucket; I mot
with a Swedish brig and an American cartel (the Russian ship
Hoffhung) from London, hound to Ncw-Medford.

By this time my ])ro\isions, and particularly bread, was so
nearl\ consumed as to make it indispensibly necessary that I
should put into the first convenient port after gaining the requi-
re information of the disposition of the enemy's cruizers, as
could enable me to steer clear of a superior force ; and this I was
enabled to do in a manner which I shall communicate in another
letter. On the 23d instant I captured his Britannic ma
schooner High Flyer, (a tender to admiral Warren) with which
vessel 1 now have io inform you of mv arrival at this port.

Annexed U a li-t of vessels captured and destroyed, in which
were made ^-2 r 1 prisoners, I have now, however, only 55 prison-
ers on board, having sent to England, on parole, 7& in the l)uke of
Montrose; 76 in the Greenland ship, Eliza Swan, and 60 in the
barque Lion, of Liverpool.

During my cruize, although I have not had it in my power to
add any additional lustre to the character of our little navy, I
have, nevertheless, rendered essential service to my country, 1
hope, by harrassing the enemy's commerce, and employing to his
disadvantage, more than a dozen times, the force of a single fri-

sate-

My officers and crew have experienced groat privations since 1
left the United States, from being nearly 5 months at sea, and
living the last three months of that time, upon a scanty allowance
of the roughest fare ; and it is with peculiar pleasure I acquaint
you that they are all in better health than might be expected,
although you may well suppose that their scanty allowance has
not been of any advantage to their strength or appearance.

The High Flyer was commanded by lieutenant Hutchinson.
second of the St. Domingo. She is a remarkable line vessel of hev
class, sails vet v fast, and would make an excellent light cruize! .
provided the government have occasion for a vessel of her descrip
tion.

.lust at the moment of closing my letter, a newspaper has been
handed me containing captain Brake's challenge to my late gallant
friend captain Lawrence, in which he mentions, with considerable
emphasis, the pains he had taken to meet the President and Con
gress with the Shannon and Tenedos.

It is unnecessary at present to take further notice of captain
Broke's observations than to say, if that was his disoosit-ion, his

224

conduct was so glaringly opposite as to authorize a very contrary
belief. Relative to captain Broke I have only further to say, that
I hope he has not been so severely wounded as to make it a suffi-
cient reason to prevent his re-assuming the command of the Shan-
non at a future day.

I have the honour to be, &c.

JOHN RODGERS.
Hon. Wm. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

MAJOR GENERAL HARRISON'S PROCLAMATION.

The enemy having been driven from the territory of Michigan,
and a part of the army under my command having taken posses
sion of it; it becomes necessary that the civil government of the
territory should be re-established, and the former officers renew
the exercise of their authority. I have therefore thought proper
to proclaim, that all appointments and commissions which have
been derived from British officers are at an end ; that the citizens
of the territory are restored to all the rights and privileges which
they enjoyed previously to the capitulation made by general Hull,
on the iGth of v\.ugust, 1812. Under the present circumstances,
and until the will of the government be known, I have thought
proper to direct that all persons, having civil offices in the territory
of Michigan, at the period of the capitulation of Detroit, resume
the exercise of their powers appertaining to their offices respec-
tively. In the present dispersed state of its population, many
officers are doubtless absent. In all cases, thus situated, the last
inpumbent who resigned the office will resume the exercise of its
duties. The laws in force at the period abovementioned will be
re-established, and continue in force until repealed by the proper
authority.

Given at head quarters, the 29th day of September, 1813.

WILLIAM H. HARRISON.
By the general,

John O'Fallon, Jiid-de-Camp.

On Ike day of the debarkation of our troops into Canada, thefol-
• lowing general order was issued.

HEAD QUARTERS, ON BOARD THE ATUEL,

September 29th, 1813.

GENERAL ORDER.

The General entreats his brave troops to remember that they
are the sons of sires whose fame is immortal : that they are to
I for the rights of their insulted country, whilst their oppo-
nents combat for the unjust pretensions of a master.

225

Kentuekians — remember the river Raisin, but remember it only
whilst the victory i- suspended. The revenge of a soldier cannot
be gratified upon a fallen enemy.
By command,

ROBERT BUTTLER, A. Adj. Gen.

Extract of a letter from general Harrison to the Department erf

I far.

HEAD-QUARTERS, SANDWICH, U. C. 30th September, 1813.
«' STR,

" General Proctor has with him 475 regulars of the 41st and
Newfoundland regiments ; 60 of the 10th regiment of veterans;
4J dragoons; and from 600 to 1000 Indians. Some deserters
who left him the night before last, give the latter a.- the number.
The citizens of Detroit suppose the former to be correct.

«T nd Chippewaa have withdrawn from the British,

and ha s sent in three of. their warriors to 1 is-

ing to agree to any terms 'hat 1 shall eed

to r. 'in conditioo of then Fo heir

fidelity, and i ••r join . I their s. The

Wyaridots, Miamies, and the ban-.! of Delawares, which ai j :ned
the enemy, are also desirous to be received upon die same
term-.

The celebrated chief, Main Pork, is at the he;.', pf the hostile
band on the Detroit aide of the it. Tecumsek heads fhait

which remains with t.e British. The inhabitant of Detroit, who
Mere in daily communication with them, make the former from
1000 to 1200. Their object in dividing their force was to make a
night attack upon the part of the army which remained on this
side, by a junction of their force some miles above.

" A detachment of the army, and some of the vessels of war,
will set out for the reduction of Mackinac and St. Joseph's in a

few da vs.

" I have honor to be, &c.

« WILLIAM H. HARRISON."

Honourable John Armstrong1,

Secretary of War.

U. S. SHIP GENERAL PIKE, OFF NIAGARA,

October 1st, IS13.

SIR,

On the 26th ultimo it was reported to me, that the enemy7*
fleet was in York. I immediately despatched the Lady ot the
Lake to look into York, and ascertain the fact— she returned in
the evening with the information that the. enemy was in Trorkbay-

526

I Immediately prepared to weigh, but owing; to a strong wind from
north norl i-ea'st, was not able to get out of the ii er before the
evening of the 27th, and, owing to the extreme darkness of the
ni ht, a part of the squadron got separated, and did not join be-
fore next morning at 8 o'clock. On the 28th, the General Pike,
Madison and Sylph, each took a schooner in tow, and made all
sail for Yorkl Soon after, discovered the enemy's fleet under
weigh in York bay — shaped our co trse for him, and prepared for
action ; he perceiving our intention of engaging him in his posi-
tion, tacked and stood out of the bay, wind at east, i formed the
line an run down for his centre. When we had approached with-
in about three miles, he made all sail to the southward. I wore,
in succession and stood on the same tack with him, edging down
gradually in order to close. At 10 minutes past meridian, the ene-
my finding that we were closing fast with him, and that he must
either risk an action or suffer his two rear vessels to be cut off,
he tacked in succession, beginning at the van, hoisted his colors,
and commenced a well directed lire at this ship, for the purpose
of covering his rear, and attacking our rear as he passed to lee-
ward: perceiving his intention, I was determined to disappoint
him ; therefore as soon as the Wolf (the leading ship) passed the
centre of his line and abeam of us, i bore up in succession (pre-
serving our line) for the enemy's centre; this manouvre not only
covered our rear, but hove him in confusion, ffe immediately bore
away : we had, however, closed so near as to bring our guns to
bear with effect, and in 20 minutes the main and mizen-top-masts,
and main yard of the Wolf, wore shot away; he immediately put
before the wind, and set all sail upon his fore-mast. J made the
signal for the fleet to make all sail; the enemy, however, keeping
dead before the wind, was enabled to outsail most of our squa-
dron. As it brought all the sail \\\y.;n one mast, he did not feel
the loss of his main and mizen-top-mast. I continued the chase
until near 3 o'clock, during v I ■ 5 enabled in this ship

(v. ith thi i tow) to keep within point blank shot of the enemy,

an. 1 sustained the whole of his fire 'during he chase. Captain
Crane, in the Madis »n, am it Brown, in the Oneida, used

v exertion to close with the enemy; but the Madison having
a heavy schooner in tow, and the Oneida sailing very dull before
the wind prevented tl ose offi near enough to do

any execution with their carronades. The Governor Tompkins
kept in her station, until her f r -.mist was so badly wounded as
to oblige ! orten sail: lieutenant Finch, of the Madison,

who o ■! i id her for this cruize (owing to the indisposition of
lieutenant Pettigrew) behaved with great gallantry, and is an
officer of much promise. Captain Woolsey, in the Sylph, was
kept astern by the Ontairo, which he had in tow, but did consi-
derable execution with his heavy guns.

At fifteen minute&before S P. M. i rery reluctantly relinquished
the pursuit of a beaten enemy. The reasons that led to this deter

227

initiation were such as T flatter myself you will approve — they
were these : at the time I gave up the chase, this ship was making
so much water, that it required all our pumps to keep her free,
(owing to our receiving several shot so much below the water's
<"!.•, that we could not plug the holes from the outside) the
Governor Tompi ins with her fore-mast «;one, and the squadron
within about six miles of the head of the lake, blowing a gale of
wind from east and increasing with a heavy sea on, and e*. ery
appearance of the equinox. I considered that if I chased the
enemy to his anchorage at the head of the lake, I should be
obliged toanchor also, and although we might succeed in driving
him on shore, the probability was rhat we should go on shore also ;
lie amongst his friends, we amongst our enemies, and after the gale
had abated, if he could succeed ingecting off one or two vessels
out of the two fleets, it would srive him as completely the command
of the lake as if he had -20 vessels. Moreover, he was covered at
his anchorage by a part of his army, and several small batteries
thrown up for the purpose. Therefore, if he could have rode out
the rale, we should have been cut up by their shot from the shore:
under all these circumstances, and taking into view the conse-
quences resulting from the loss of our superiority on the lakes at
this time, 1 without hesitation relinquished the opportunity then
presenting itself of acquiring individual reputation at the expense
of my country.

The loss sustained by this ship was considerable, owing to her
being so long exposed to the fire of the enemy's fleet ; but our most
serious loss was occasioned by ihe bursting of one of our guns,
whicli killed and wounded 22 men, and tore up the top -gallant
forecastle, which rendered the gun upon that deck useless. We
had four other guns cracked in the muzzle, which rendered their
use extremely doubtful. Our main top-gallant-mast was shot
away in the early part of the action, and the bowsprit, fore and
main-mast, wounded, rigging and sails much cut up, and a num-
ber of shot in our hull, several of which were between wind and
water, and 27 men killed and wounded, including those by the
bursting of the gun. The Madison received a few shot, but no
person hurt on board. The Governor Tompkins lost her fore-mast
and the Oneida her main -top-mast badly wounded. We have,
however, repaired nearly all our damages, and are ready to meet
the enemy. During our chase, one, if not two, of the enemy's
small vessels, was completely in our power, if I could have been
satisfied with so partial a victory: but I was so sure of the whole
that I passed them unnoticed, by which means they finally es-
caped.

The gale continued until last night, but the wind still blows
from the eastward. I thought it important to communicate with
general Wilkinson, to ascertain when he meant to move with the
army. 1 therefore ran oft" this place for that purpose ; and he thinks
that the public service will be promoted by my watching sir James

228

at flip hprul of the lake, and if possible preventing his return to
jvr t , . vhile roceeds with the army fprSackett's Harbor.

I s\ I, then fore, i ■■-■' in mediati ly i ; * quest of (he enemy.

, , , • in.ick' assistance I received

fj . , ca aclair during our chase, in ising his best exertions

to b into close action. The other officers and men

• ction, and wove extremelj anxious
I se wil y even singl; , and if he ever gives us an

close action, they will show that they are not in-
ferior to any of their Countrymen.

I have the honour to bo, &c.
ISAAC CHAUNCEY.
Hon. W. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

TO THE PATRIOTS OF THE WESTERN DISTRICT.

The period being at hand which is to decide the fate of the
province of Upper Canada, and the command of the Niagara
i having devolved on me ; 1 think proper to invite the old
a:ifi young patriots of the western district, to join my brigade in
ice of their country and rights — any number not exceed'-
LGOO will be accepted and organized immediately on their
arrival at Lewistown, and officered by the choice of their men.
As the movements of an army require secrecy, objects in view
cannot be pafticularly developed ; but those who feel disposed
to distinguish themselves and render services to their country,
muv be assured that something efficient and decisive will be done.
The term of service will be 2 : months, if not sooner discharged;
ami eery thing shall be done to render their situations as com-
fortable as possible. 1 wish none to volunteer who may have any
constitutional objections to cross the Niagara river. One thou-
sand four hundred of my brigade haye already volunteered to
cross the ii\er, and go wherever they may be required ; and 600
of them are now doing duty at Fort George. I Hatter myself that
ho other consideration need he urged, than love of country, to
excite the patriotism of the yeomanry of the western district.

Given at head quarters, Lewistown, October id, 1813.
GEORGE M'CLURK, Brig. General

Com manding Niagara frontier.

Extract of a letter from colonel Smith, of the rife regiment, to
colonel Ji. Y. Niclioll, inspector general, dated

"LOWER SANDUSKY, October 2d, 1813.

"I have already collected 520 men of my regiment. The last
accounts from the general, state, that he was in pursuit of Proctor,

— — ■ '

who had evacuated Maiden, a few hours before he landed. I fear
he will make his escape. J leave here immediately for Portage,
and probably for head quarters, to procure transports for my
detachment.-'

WAR DEPARTMENT, October 4th, 1813.
SIR,

Understanding that the defence of the post committed to your
charge, may render it proper to destroy the town of Newark, you
are hereby directed to apprize its inhabitants of this circum-
stance, and to invite them to remove themselves and their effects
to some place of greater safety.

I am, &c.
JOHN ARMSTRONG.

Brig-. General M'Clure or officer commanding

at Fort George, Upper Canada.

HEAD QUARTERS NEAR MORAVIAN TOWN,
on the River Thames, 80 miles from Detroit, October 5th, 1813.
SIR,

I have the honour to inform you, that by the Messing of Pro-
vidence, the army under mv command has obtained a complete
victory over the combined Indian and British forces under the
command of general Proctor. I believe that nearly the whole of
the enemy's regulars are taken ( r killed. Amongst the former are
all the superior officers excepting general Proctor. My mounted
men are now in pursuit of him. Our loss is very trifling. The
brave colonel R. M. Johnson is the only officer whom t have
heard of that is wounded, he badly, but 1 hope not dangerously.

1 have the honour to be, &c.

WILLIAM H. HARRISON.

Hon. J. Armstrong:, Secretary at War.

NKWPORT, October 5th, 1813.
SIR,

I have the pleasure to inform you of the capture of the British
armed sloop " Dart,*' by the revenue-cutter of this place, lasT
evening. She appeared offthe harbor before sun-set; the captain
of the cutter offered his services to go out. I put on boar 1 three
sailing masters and about 20 men ; she immediately made sail and
laid aboard the Dart, and carried her by boarding ; her first offi-
cer was killed; two of our own men were wounded alightly.
The prisoners I send for your disposal.

Very respectfully, your most obedient humble servant,

JOHN NICHOLSON.

Com. John Rodgers, U. S. frigate President.

23®

Extract of a letter from general JPdrthur to the Secretary of War.

"DETROIT, October 6th, 1813.

"You have no doubt been advised by the commanding general,
that Maiden and this place were abandoned by the enemy previ-
ous to the arrival of our army, and that all the public buildings,
&c. were destroyejj. On our arrival at Sandwich, my brigade
was ordered across the river to disperse some Indians, who were
pillaging the (own, and to take possession of the place. Informa-
tion was received that several thousand Indians had retired a small
distance into the woods, with instructions to attack general Har-
rison's army on its passage, for the purpose of retarding its pro-
gress; consequently my brigade was left to garrison this place.

" Since general Harrison's departure, five nations of Indians,
viz. the Ottaways, Chippeways, Pottawatamies, Miamies and
(Lickapoos, who were but a few miles back, have come in for
peace, and I have agreed that hostilities should cease fur the pre-
sent on the following conditions : " They have agreed to take hold
of the same tomahawk with us, and to strike all who are, or may
be, enemies to the United States, whether British or Indians/'
They are to bring in a number of their women and children, and
have them as hostages, whilst they accompany us to war. Some
of them have already brought in their women, and are drawing
rations.

" I have just received a note from general Harrison, advising
that he had last evening overtaken general Proctor's force, and
had gained a complete victory ; that all the principal officers,
general Proctor excepted, were in his possession, which no doubt
ends the war in this quarter.

"1 have the honour to be, &c.
" DUNCAN M'ARTHUR, Brig. Gen. U. S. army,"-

Extract of a letter from brigadier general JlPClure, to his excel-
lency governor Tompkins, dated

"TOUT tiEOKGE, HALF PAST 5 O'CLOCK, P. M.

October 6th, 1813.

" We have commenced offensive operations against the enemy.
v :it 500 militia volunteers, and about 150 Indians, commanded
by colonel Chapin, attacked the picket guard of the enemy, about
It mile and a half from Fort George, and drove them in upon the
mam body, when the enemy opened a lire from several field
j.i i es. Our men retired in good order into the fort, with the loss
of one man killed and two or three wounded. The enemy's loss
killed, many wounded, and four prisoners.

'• in a short lime the enemy appeared in considerable force
within live hundred yards of the fort, ai the edge of the woods.
Chapin again sallied out with about .100 men and some Indian- .

331

commenced a brisk fire on the whole of the enemy's line, arid
drove them half a mile ; but perceiving by the movements of the
enemy that they would outflank us, 1 ordered 200 to reinforce
him, and in two detachments to attack the enemy's flanks. We
succeeded in driving the enemy into t\\e woods, when night coming
on put an end to the conflict. 0:ir loss was trifling; I have n«>t
ascertained thai of the enemy. Colonel Ghapin is a brave man.
Every officer and soldier did his duty.''

U. S. SHIP GENERAL PIKE, SACKETT'S HARBOR,

October 6th, 1813.
SIR,

I have the pleasure to inform you that I arrived here this
morning, with five of the enemy's vessels, which I fell in with,
and captured, last evening, ort' the Ducks. These were part of
se\en sail which left York on Sunday with 234 troops on board,
bound to Kingston. Of this fleet five were captured, one burnt,
ai d one escaped. The prisoners, amounting to nearly 300, be-
sides having upwards of 300 of our troops on board from Niagara,
induced me to run into port for the purpose of landing both.

I have the honour to be, &c.

ISAAC CIIAUNCEY.

Hon. Win. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

UNITED STATES' SHIP GENERAL PIKE,

Sackett's Harbor, October 6th, 1813.

SIR,

As soon as the last of the flotilla with the troops, cleared
the Niagara, I proceeded in quest of the enemy. On the 2d in-
stant, at 10 A. M. discovered him steering a course for Niagara,
wit.i studding sails, and all sails set, wind from the south and
westward ; we made sail in chase, but as soon as we shot out, he
took in studding sails, and hauled upon a wind to the westward,
and made all sail from us ; the wind being light all day, we made
put little progress against the current, and at sun down, the ene-
my was oil" the Twenty Mile Creek, and had evidently gained
considerably from us. * During the night, the wind continued so
light that we altered our position but very little, and at day-light,
on the 3d, saw the enemy at anchor close in with the land, be-
tween the Twelve and Twenty -Mile Creek; as soon as he saw
us, he weighed and made all sail to the westward, wind from
south to south-west, and squally. We made all s<;i! in chase, and
continued the chase the whole day, it blowing very heavy in
Squalls; at sun down, we could barely mark him out from the
mast-head, when he appeared neatly up to the head of the lake;
it continued squally with rain, and !'ne night very dark; a1 d y-
light, on the 4th, haay, could see nothing of the enemy — contin-

232

tied working up for tue head of the lake; towards meridian, it
became calm. I ordered the Lady of the Lake to sweep up to
Burlington bay, and ascertain whether the fleet was there; at half
past 9 P. M. she returned, with information that the fleet was
not there. Saw but two gun-boats. It struck me at once that
lie had availed himself of the darkness of the preceding night,
and had either ran for Kingston, or down the lake, for the pur-
pose of intercepting the flotilla with the army; I therefore made
all sail and shaped my course for the Ducks, with a view of in-
tercepting him or his prizes, if he should have made any. The
wind increased to a strong gale from the northward and westward,
and continued during the whole day on the 5th; — we therefore
made a great run, for at 1 P. M. we passed Long Point; at 3,
discovered seven sail near the False Ducks; presuming them to
be the fleet, made :. I sail in chase; at 4, made them out to be
sloops and schooners. I made the signal for the Sylph and the
Lady of the Lake, to cast off their tow, and chase north-east;
soon after, perceiving the enemy separating on different taci.s, I
cast off the Governor Tompkins from this ship, gave the squadron
in charge of captain Crane, and made all sail in chase; at 5, the
enemy finding us to gain fast upon them, and one of his gun-ves-
sels sailing much worse than the rest, he took the people out and
set her on fire. At sun down, when opposite the Real Ducks,
the Hamilton, (late Growler) Confiance (late Julia) and Mary
Ann, -truck tons. The Sylph soon after, brought down the
Drummond, cutter rigged. The Lady Gore run into the Ducks,
but the Sylph (which wis left to \ atch her) took possession of
her ea Ij ; ;• next tfiorning. The Enterprize, a small schooner,
is the il one that escaped, am! she owed her safety to the dark-
no night.

Findii'j , n ch difficulty in shifting the prisoners, owing to the
small, ess of our boats and a heavy sea, I determined to take the
prizes in tow, and run for this place, and laud the prisoners anc
tr. ops that 1 had on board. On the 6th, the Lady of the Lak«
having towed one of the prizes in, 1 despatched her immediately
to cruize between the Ileal and False Ducks. She returned the
.- afternoon, having discovered the enemy's squadron gdint
into '- in< -ton.

I have repaired die j rincipaJ damages sustained by this ship in
the action on the 28th ultimo, and have put in a new fore-mast
into the Governor Tompkins. We are now ready, and waiting
the movements of the army, which is contemplated will leave here
on the 10th.

The vessels captured on the 5th, are gun vessels mounting from
one to three guns each, with troops from the head of the lake
(last from York) bound to Kingston. We learnt from the pri-
soners, that the enemy was very much cut up in their hulls and
spars, and a great many men killed and wounded, particularly on
board the Wolf and Royal George. 1 enclose, herewith, a list of

23a

the prisoners taken on the 5th [Already published, see "Th*
War" of the 19th ultimo.]

I have the honour to be, &c.

ISAAC CHAUNCEY.

Hon. Wm. Jones, Secretary of the Navy!

U. S. FRIGATE PRESIDENT, PA.WTUXET,

October 7th, 1812.

SIR,

Enclosed I have the honor of transmitting you a letter thU
moment received from lieutenant Nicholson, — commanding the1
g;in -boats at Newport, informing me of the capture of the private'
armed sloop Dart.

With great respect, &c.
JOHN RODGERS.
Hon. Wm. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

IIKAD QU KTEKS,DF.T»OIT, October 9th, ISIS.

SIR,

In my last letter from Sandwich, of the SOth ultimo, I did?
myself the honour to inform you, that 1 was preparing to pursue
the enemy the following day. From various causes, however,
I was unable to put the troops in motion until the morning of the
fid instant, and then to take with me orly about 140 of the regu-
lar troops, Johnson's mounted regiment, and such of governor
fihelby's volunteers as were tit for a rapid march, the whol©
amounting to about 3J00 men. To general M'Arthur, with about
7ut> effectives, the protection of this place, and the sick, was
committed. General Cass's brigade, and the corps of lieutenant
colonel Ball, were left at Sandwich, with orders to follow me a*
soon as the men received their knapsacks and blankets, which ha4
been left on an island in lake Erie.

The unavoidable delay at Sandwich was attended with no dis-
advantage to us. General Proctor had posted himself at Dulson's,
on the right bank of the river Thames (or French), fifty-six mile*
from this place, where I was informed he intended to fortify and
to receive me. He must have believed, however, that Iliad no dis-
position to follow him, or that he had secured my continuance here,
by the reports that were circulated that the Indians would attack
and destroy this place, upon the advance of the army ; as he neglect-
ed the breaking up of the bridges until the night of the 2d instant.
On the night our army reached the river, which is 25 miles from
Sandwich, and is one of four streams crossing our route, over all
of which are bridges, and being deep and muddy, are unfordable.
for a considerable distance into the country. The bridge here
was found entire, and, in the morning, I proceeded with Johnson's

234

ttgiment, to save, if possible, the others. At the second bridge,,

over a »ranch of then er Thames, we were fortunate enough to

■.i,,- a lieutenant of dragoons and eleven privates, win* had

- ii' .V general Prod >r to destroy them. From the prison-

I Learnt ^ third bridge was broken up, and that the

enemy had no certain information of our advance. The bridge,

g been imperfectly destroyed, was soon repaired, and the

arm\ encamped at Drake's la; in, four miles below Dalson's.

I e river Thames, along the banks of which our route lay, is a
fine deep Btrearo, navigable for vessels of considerable burthen,
after the passage of the bar at its mouth, over which there is six
ami a half feet water.

The baggage of the army was brought from Detroit in boats,
protected l>\ three gun-boats, which commodore Perry had fur-
nis eil for the purpose, as well as to cover the passage of the
army over the Thames itself, on the mouth of its tributary streams ;
the hanks being low and the country generally open (prairies),
a- high a> Dalson's, these vesseis were well calculated for the
purpose. Above Dalson's, however, the character of the river
and adjacent country, is considerably changed. The former,
though still deep, is very narrow, and its banks high and woody.
I e commodore and myself, therefore, agreed upon the propriety
of leaving the boats under a guard of I fo infantry, and I deter-
mined to trust to fortune, and the bravery of my troops, to eftect
the passage of the river. Below a place called Chatham, and
four miles above Dalson's, is the third fordable branch of the
Tha aes. The bridge over its mouth had been taken up by the
Indians as well as at M'Gregor's mills, one mile above. Several
hundred of the Indians remained to dispute our passage, and, upon
' a rival of the advanced guard, commenced a heavy lire from
the o | osite bank of the creek, as well as that of the river. I3e-
lieving thai the whole force of the enemy was there, 1 halted the
arm; , formed in order of battle, and brought up our two six
pounders tocoverthe part) thai were ordered to repair the bridge,
nnil < roes the troops. Colonel Johnson's mounted regiment, being
upon t e righl of the army, had seized the remains of the bridge
a. I the mills, under a heavy fire from the Indians. Our loss,
npon this occasion, was two killed and three or four wounded ;
w>»1 "I the enemy was ascertained to be considerably greater.
near the bridge, containing a very considerable number
o| ' Bskets, had been set on fire, but it was extinguished by our
, -. and the anna saved. At ihe first farm above the bridge,
Found '.Me of the enemy's vessels on fire, loaded with arms and
ordnance itores, and learned that the\ were a few miles a head
-. -nil on ihe righl bank of the river, with the great body of
India -. Vt Bowles's farm, four miles from the bridge, we
halted for the night, found two other vessels, and a large distil-
ler), filled with ordnance and other valuable stores, to an immense
amount, in flames, It was impossible to put out the lire; two

235

twentv-four pounders, with 'their carriages, were taken, and a
large quantity of ball and shells of various sizes. The army was
put in motion early on the morning of the 5th. I pushed on, in
advance, with the mounted regiment, and requested governor
Shelbv to follow, as expeditiously as possible, with the infantry.
The governor's zeal, and that of his men, enabled them to keep
up with the cavalry, and by 9 o'clock, we were at Arnold's mills,
havrio; taken, in the course of the morning, two gun-boats and
seveuil batteaux, loaded with provisions and ammunition.

A rapid, at the river at Arnold's mills, affords the only fording
to be met with for a very considerable distance ; but, upon exa^
mination, it was found too deep for the infantry. Having, howe-
ver, furtunate.lv taken two or three boats, and some canoes, on
the spot, and obliging the horsemen to take a footman behind each,
the whole were safely crossed by 12 o'clock. Eight miles front
the crossing, we passed a farm, where a part of the British troops
had encamped the night before, under the command of colonel
Warburton. The detachment with general Proctor had arrived
the day before, at the Moravian towns, four miles higher up.^
Being now certainly near the enemy, I directed the advance of
Johnson's regimentto accelerate then- march, for the purpose of
procuring intelligence. The officer commanding it, in a short
time, sent to inform me, that his progress was stopped by the
enemv, who were formed across our line of march. One ot the
enemy's wagoners oeing also taken prisoner, from the informa-
tion received from him, and ray own observation, assisted by some
of my officers, I =00:1 ascertained enough of their position, and
order of battle, to determine that which it was proper for me to
adopt.

I have the honour herewith to enclose you my general order of
the 27th ultimo, prescribing the order of march and of battle
when the whole army should act together. But as the number
and description of the troops had been essentially changed, since
the issuing of the order, it became necessary to make a corres-
ponding alteration in their disposition. From the place where
our army was last halted, to the Moravian towns, a distance of
about three and a half miles, the road passes through a beech
forest without any clearing, and for the first two miles near to the
bank of the river. At from two to three hundred yards from the
river a swamp extends parallel to it, throughout the whole distance-
The intermediate ground is dry, and although the trees are tol-
erably thick, it is in many places clear of underbrush. Across
this strip of land, its left nppai/ed upon the river, supported by
artillery placed in the wood, their right in the swamp covered
by the whole of their Indian force, the British troops were drawn

up. ,

The troops at my disposal consisted of about one hundred and

twenty regulars of "the 27th regiment, five brigades of Kentucky

volunteer militia infantry under his excellency governor Shelby,

236

averAging less than five hundred men, and colonel Johnson'*
Regiment of mounted infantry, making in the whole an aggregate
something above .1000. No disposition of an army opposed to
:in Indian force can be safe, unless it is secured on the flanks and
in the rear, f had therefore no difficulty in arranging the infan-
try conformably to my general order of battle. General Trot-
K-r's brigade OI50Q men formed the front line, his right upon the
road and his left upon the swamp. General King's brigade as a
second line, 150 yards in the rear of Trotter's, and Childs's bri-
gade, as a corps of reserve, in the rear of it. These three bri-
gades formed the command of major general Henry ; the whole of
general Desha's division, consisting of two brigades, were formed
an potence upon the left of Trotter.

While I was engaged in forming the infantry, I had directed
colonel Johnson's regiment, which was still in front, to be formed
in two lines opposite to the enemy, and, upon the advance of the
infantry, to hike ground to the left, and forming upon that flank,
to endeavour to turn the right of the Indians. A moment's re-
flection, however, convinced me, that from the thickness of the
troods and swampiness of the ground, they would be unable to
do any thin"; on horseback, and there was no time to dismount
them and place their horses in security; I therefore determined
to refuse my left to the Indians, and to break the British lines at
once by a charge of the mounted infantry; the measure Mas not
sanctioned by any thing that I had seen or heard of, but 1 was
fully convinced that it would succeed. The American back-
Woodsmen ride better in the woods than any other jseople. A
musket or rifle is no impediment to them, being accustomed to
carry them on horseback from their earliest youth. I was per-
suaded, too, that the enemy would be quite unprepared for the
shock, and that they could not resist it. Conformably to this
idea, I directed the regiment to be drawn up in close column, with
its right at the distance of fifty yards from the road, (that it might
be, in som. n ensure, protected by the trees from the artillery) its
left upon ihe swamp, and to charge, at full speed, as soon as the
enemy delivered their fire. The few regular troops of the 27th
regiment, under the command of their colonel (Paul), occupied,
in column of sections of four, the small space between the road
and the river, for the purpose of seizing the enemy's artillery,
ami some ten or twelve friendly Indians were directed to move
under the bank. The crotchet, formed by the front line and gene-
ral Desha's division, was an important point. At that place, the
renerable governor of Kentucky was posted, who, at the age of
Mxty-six, preserves all the vigour of youth, the ardent zeal which
distinguished him in the revolutionary war, and the undaunted
bravery which he manifested at King's Mountain. With my
Bids de-camp, the acting assistant adjutant general captain Buttler,
n,\ gallant friend commodore Perry, who did me the honour to
serve a* my \oluntetsr aid-de-camp, and brigadier general Cass.

237

who having no command, tendered me his assistaace, 1 placed
myself at the head of* the front line of infantry, to direct the
movements of the cavalry and give them the necessary support.
The army had moved on this order but a short distance, when
the mounted men received the fire of the British line, and were
ordered to charge ; the horses in the front of the column recoiled
from the fire; another was given by the enemy, and our column,
at length getting in motion, broke through the enemy with irre-
sistible force. In one minute, the contest in front svas over.
The British officers, seeing no hopes of reducing their disordered
ranks to order, and our mounted men wheeling upon them and
pouring in a destructive fire, immediately surrendered. It is
certain that three only of our troops were wounded in this charge!
Upon the left, however, the contest was more severe with the
Indians. Colonel Johnson, who commanded on that flank of his
regiment, received a most galling fire from them, Avhich was
returned with great effect. The Indians still further to the right
advanced and fell in with our front line of infantry, near its
junction with Desha's division, and, for a moment, made an im-
pression on it. His excellency governor Shelby, however, brought
up a regiment to its support, and the enemy, receiving a se\ ere lire
in front, and a part of Johnson's regiment having gained their rear,
retreated with precipitation. Their loss was very considerable
in the action, and many were killed in their retreat.

I can give no satisfactory information of the number of Indians
that were in the action, but they must have been considerably
upwards of one thousand. From the documents in my possession;
(general Proctor's official letters, all of which were taken) and
irom the information of respectable inhabitants of this territory,
the Indians kept in pay by the British, were much more numerous
than has been generally supposed. In a letter to general De Rot-
tenburg, of the 27th instant, general Proctor speaks of having
prevailed upon most of the Indians to accompany him. Of these
it is certain that fifty or sixty Wyandot warriors abandoned him. *

The number of our troops was certainly greater than that of
the enemy, but when it is recollected, that they had chosen a posi-
tion that effectually secured their flank, which it was impossible
for us to turn, and that we could not present to them a line more
extended than their own, it will not be considered arrogant to
claim for my troops the palm of superior bravery.

In communicating to the President through you, sir, my opin-
ion of the conduct of the officers who served under my command,
I am at a loss how to mention that of governor Shelby, being
convinced that no eulogium of mine can reach his merits. The

* A British officer, of high rank, assured one of my akls-d<--CLtmp, that on
the (lay of our landing1, general Proctor had, at his disposal, upwards of" three
thousand Indian warric-s, but aasertfed that the greatest part had left haw
previorts to the action.

855!

governor of an independent state, greatly my superior in years,
Tn experience and in military character, he placed himself under
my command, and was not more remarkable for his zeal and ac-
tivity", than for his promptitude and cheerfulness with which he
obeyed my orders. The major generals Henry and Desha, and
the brigadiers Alien, Caldwell, King, Childs and Trotter, all of
the Kentucky volunteers, manifested great zeal and activity. Of
governor .Shelby's stair*, his adjutant general, colonel Walker, ren-
dered <:reat service, as did his aids-de-camp general Adair, and
majors Barry and Crittenden. The military skill of the former
was of great service to us, and the activity of the two latter gen-
tlemen could not be surpassed. Illness deprived me of the talents
of my adjutant general colonel Gaines, who was left at Sandwich.
His duties were, however, ably performed by the acting assistant
adjutant. general, captain Buttler. My aids-de-camp, lieutenant
O'Fallon and captain Todd, of the line, and my volunteer aids
John Speed Smith andJohn Chambers, esquires, have rendered me
the most important services from the opening of the campaign.
I have already stated that general Cass and commodore Perry
assisted me in forming the troops for the action. The former is ail
officer of the highest merit, and the appearance of the brave
commodore cheered and animated every breast.

It would be useless, sir, after stating the circumstances of the
action, to pass encomiums upon colonel Johnson and his regiment.
Veterans could not have manifested more firmness. The colo-
nel's numerous wounds prove that he was in the post of danger.
Lieutenant colonel James Johnson, and the majors Payne and
Thompson were equally active though more fortunate. Major
Wood of the engineers, already distinguished by his conduct at
Fort Meigs, attended the army with t*vo six pounders. Having
no use for them in the action, he joined in the pursuit of the enemy,
and with major Payne of the mounted regiment, two of my aids-
de-camp, Todd and Chambers, and three privates, continued it for
si veral miles after the rest of the troops had halted, and made
many prisoners.

I left the army before an official return of the prisoners, or
that of the killed and wounded, was made out. It was however
ascertained that the former amounts to 601 regulars, including: 25
officers. Our los< is 7 killed and 22 wounded, 5 of which have
Bince died. Of the British troops 12 were killed and 22 wounded.
The [ndians suffered most — 35 of them having been found upon
the ground, besides those killed on the retreat.

On the day of the action, six pieces of brass artillery were
taken, ami two iron 24 pounders the day before. Several others
were discovered in the river, and can be easily procured. Of the
brass pieces, three are the trophies of our revolutionary* war, that
were taken at Saratoga and York, and surrendered by gene-
ral Hull. The number of small arms taken by us and destroyed
by tho enetny, must amount to upwards of 5000: most of them

had been ours and taken by the eneinv at the surrenderor Detroit,
\l sin, and al colonel Dudley's defeat. 1 belie- e feat
the enemy retain no ol ier military trophy of their victories than
the standard of the 4th regiment ; they were not magnanilhous
enough to bring that of the 41st regiment into the field, or it would

OCT O

!ia\ e been taken.

You have been informed, sir, of the conduct of the troops under
my command in action ; it gives me great pleasure to inform you,
that they merit also the approbation of their country for their
conduct, in submitting to the greatest privations with the utmost
cheerfulness*

The infantry were entirely without tents, and for several days
the whole army Bubsisted upon fresh beef, without bread or salt. '

I have the honour to be, &c.

WILLIAM II. HARRISON.
6cncml John Armstrong, Secretary of War.

P. s. General Proctor escaped by the fleetness of his horses,
escorted by 4(J dragoons and a number of mounted Indians.

HEAD QUARTEB8, DETROIT, October 11th, 1313.

BEAB GOVERNOR,

You will bave heard before tins reaches you, that I was for-
tunate enough U) overtake general Proctor, and his tawny allies,
and to give them a complete drubbing. 1 base 601 prisoners of
the British regulars, officers included, among which there are two
colonels.

Nothing but infatuation could have governed general Proctor's
conduct. The day that 1 lauded below Maiden, he had at his
disposal upwards of 3000 Indian warriors: his regular force, re-
inforced b) the militia of the district, would have made his num-
ber nearly equal to mv aggregate, which, on the day of landing,
did not exceed 4500, The papers have greatly exaggerated the
number of militia from Kentucky: those which embarked with
me at Portage, did not amount to 3000 rank and file; and several
hundred of them were left in the island-.

The Indians were extremely desirous of fighting us at Maiden.
1 enclose vou Tecumseh's speech to Proctor; it is at once an
evidence of the talents of the former, and the greater defect of
them in the latter. His inferior Officers say, that his conduct has
been a series of continued blunders* He manifested, indeed,
some judgment in the choice of his field of battle, as he was SO
posted that I could not turn him, and could only oppose a line
of equal extent to hi>. However, the contest was not for a mo-
ment doubtful. The greater part of his Indians were in the air,
(according to the Persian military phraseology) and his regulars
broken and made prisoners bv a single, charge of mounted into-

H t. We took upon the ground, or near it, a fine brass field traia-
v( artillery. Several of the pieces are trophies of the revolu-
tion, taken at Saratoga and York, and surrendered by general
Hull. The number of small arms and military stores, taken by
t:-, or destroyed by the enemy, is immense. My force in action,
of all descriptions, was short of 2500.

1 am preparing an expedition to Michilimackinac, and another
to Long Point, to destroy at the latter a depot of provisions.

I shall send orders to general Gano, by this conveyance. It is
probable that the greater part of his troops may be dismissed in a
short time. The Indians in this neighbourhood, are submitting at
discretion.

I am your friend,

WILLIAM H. HARRISON.

Hi* excellency Gov. Jleiga.

(inclosure.)

SPEECH OF TECUMSEH

In the name of the Indian chiefs and warriors, to major general
Proctor, as the representative of their great Father, the king..

Father — Listen to your children ! You 1 ave them now all be-
fore you. The war before* this, our British father gave the hatchet
to his red children, when our old chiefs were alive. They are now
dead. In that war, our father was thrown on his back by the
Americans, and our father took them by the hand without our
knowledge :t and we are afraid that our father will do so again
at this time. Summer before last, when I came forward with my
red brethren, and was ready to take up the hatchet in favour of
Our British father, we were told not to be in a hurry — that he
had not yet determined to fight the Americans.

Lislcn .' — When war was declared, our father stood up and gave
i!- the tomahawk, and told us that he was now ready to strike
the Americans ; that he wanted our assistance ; and that he would
certainly get us our lands back, which the Americans had taken
from us.

Listen I — You told us that time, to bring forward our families
to ti.i< place : and we did so, and you promised to take care of
them, and that they should want for nothing, while the men
Mould go and fight the enemy; that we need not trouble our-
selves about the. ei>emyTs garrisons; that we knew nothing about
them ; and that our father would attend to that part of the busi-
i.< --. \ ou also told your red children that you would take good
i are of their garrison' here, which made our hearts glad.

* The revolutionary war.

1 fac British made peace without any stipulation for their Indian allies.

341

Listen ! — When we were last to the Rapids, it is true we gave
you assistance. It is hard to fight people who live li mid

bogs.

Listen Father! — Our fleet has gone out — we know thev have
fought — we have heard reat guns, but know nothing of what

hits happened to our father with one acm.f Our troops have gone
one w i\ , and we are very much astonished to see our father t ing
up every thing and preparing to run away the other, without let-
in^ his red children know what his intentions are. You always
told us to remain here, and take care of our lands — it made our
hearts glad to hear that was your wish. Our great father, the
king, is the head, and \ou represent him. You always told us,
that you would never draw your foot off* British ground ; but now,
father, we see you are drawing back, and we are sorry to see our
father doing so, without seeing the enemy. We must compare
our father's conduct to a fat animal, that carries its tail upon its
bark\ but when affrighted, it drops it between its legs, and runs
off-
Listen Father! — The Americans have not yet defeated us by
land ; neither are we sure that they have done so bv water: ire
therefore wish to remain here, and light our enemy, shoi
make their appearance. If they defeat us, we will then retreat
with our father.

At the battle of the Rapids, last war, the Americans certainly
defeated us; ami when we retreated to our father's fort| at that
place, the gates were Bhut against us. We were afraid that it
would now be the case, but instead of that, we see our British
father preparing to march out of his garrison.

Father! — You have got the arms and ammunition which the
great father sent for his red children. If you have any idea of
going away, give them to u>, and you may go and welcome, for us.
Our lives .ire in the hands of the Great Spirit — we are determined
to defend our lands, and if it is his will, we wish to leave our
bones upon them.

J&mherstburg, September 18th, 1813.

FORT GEORGE, October 11th, 1813, 7 o'clock P. M.

SIR,

Within the last five minutes, I have had the honour to receive
your despatch by " the Lady of the Lake."

The enemy has treated me with neglect. He continued in his
old positions until Saturday last (the 9th) when he took up his

* During the siege of Fort Meigs, the troops covered themselves from the
enemy's fire, by throwing up travesses and ditches of earth,
-j- Commodore Barclay.
i Fort Miami, near Wayne's battle ground.

242

retreat en Burlington heights, and has abandoned this whole pen*
ms ./«. Two causes are assigned tor this precipitate movement ;
the succour of Proctor, who is reported to have been entirely de-
ft-..to.;, if not taken ; the other, the safety of Kingston, endanger-
ed bv your movement. We have had from the enemy many de-
serters, most of whom concur in the latter supposition. The
British burnt every thing in store in this neighbourhood, 5000
blankets, many hundred stands of arms, also the blankets in the
men's packs, and every articie of clothing not in actual use.

They aie supposed to have reached Burlington heights last
evening, from the rate of their march the night before. I have
information of their having passed " the 40," by several inhabi-
tants who have come down. They add to what was stated by the
deserters, that two officers of the 41st had joined general Vincent
from Proctor's army, with the information that Proctor was de-
feated eighteen miles this side of Maiden. I cannot get particu-
lars.

From the same sources of intelligence, it appears that the 49th,
a part of the 100th, and the voltigeurs, moved from this neigh-
bourhood the day after our flotilla left this, the 3d instant, Out
with what destination is not certainly known. It was first reported
(I mean in the British camp) that these regiments had marched to
support Proctor, who, it is said, wrote that he would be compelled
to surrender if not supported. 1 am pretty sure, however, that
they are gone below. The movement of our army, be Ion , seems
to nave been known in the British lines as earlv as the 3d instant,
together with the immediate objects in view ; hence 1 have no
difficulty in concluding, that all the movements of the enemy
will concentrate at Kingston.

(hapin, who has been commissioned a lieutenant colonel,
marched late last evening up the lake, with about 100 volunteers
under his command, and was followed this morning by generals
M'Clure and Porter, with about 1000 men, Indians and militia
included. There is no danger of their coming up with the enemy,
or they would be in great danger of a total annihilation.

Vincent took hence with him, about 1000 or 1,100 regulars.
Many of the militia left this with the avowed design of plunder;
but [fear from reports that the British have left the miserable
inhabitants without any thing, to be ravished. 1 expect general
M'Clure back to-morrow evening, as he only took with him sup-
plies for two days ; he will probably go as far as " the SO." On
the 8th Chapin went out with a small party and attacked one of
the enemy's pickets, which brought on a skirmish m which many
ot colonel Swift's regiment participated. After a great waste of
ammunition, the parties retired to their respective camps with
little loss on either side; we made and lost a prisoner, had
two Indians killed, and two other men wounded. We hear the
enemy had live men wounded.

843

1 had thi* morning made an arrangement, on application of
genera] M'Clure, to be relieved in the command of this post on
the morning of the 1.3th instant, with an intention of taking up
in tine of inarch for S;ickett's Harbor, accordingto the discretion
all iwed me in the instructions I had the honour to receive from
you at this place. Mv situation has become truly insupportable:
without the possibility of an attack at this post, and with-
out the possibility of reaching vou time enough to share in the
glory of impending operations below"; I am nevertheless, flattered
with the assurance that transport will be forwarded for my re-
moval, and to favor that intention, 1 propose taking up my line
of march on the morning of the ISth for the mouth of Genessee
river, and there await the arrival of the vessels you are good
enough to promise me. Rv this movement, captain Mix thinks
with me, thai I shall hasten my arrival at Sackett's Harbor 5
possibly 10 days. Captain Camp has a sufficient number of
wagons to take me thither ; I can easily make that place by the
evening of the 15th. I hope 1 shall have your approbation, and
every thing i- arranged with brigadier M'Clure.

Knowing your wishes respecting the invalids or subjects tor
discharge, and fearing that water transport might not be had till
tin- season was too far advanced for their removal, I have ventured
to send lieutenant Archer ( paymaster of the 20th who was left
here without orders,) on command to Greenbush, with 100 men of
this description. It \\a^ a measure approved of by doctor Mann,
and 1 hope not contrary to your wishes and intentions. Doctor
Hugo, surgeon's mate of the 14th (also left here without orders)
accompanied the detachment. The quarter master's department
furnished 8 wagons on my requisition.

The sick list of the garrison is much reduced since your depar-
ture, (I have the honor to enclose my morning report) and Doctor
Mann has discharged many patients from his hospital : 1 also en-
close vou his last report. Those marked "subjects for discharge"
are part ot the number sent off to Greenbush. Doctor Mann and
captain Camp have concluded to remove the general hospital to
" the eleven mile Creek " near Ruftaloe, the barracks at which
place will be sufficient for the reception of the whole of the sick,
with some trilling repairs.

From the morning report enclosed, you will find 794 the " total,"
&c. present of the regulars of this garrison, including officers,
&c. Transport will be necessary for about 850 persons. 1 wish
also to take with me lour iron 6's, one 5| inch howitzer, and two
caissons, the whole on field carriages. This train will form no im-
pediment in my march to the mouth of Genessee river, as I have
horses belonging to the regiment, sufficient to draw it. If it meet
vour approbation, I can send the horses thence to Sackett's Harbor
by land.

1 have, by working almost night and day, greatly improved the
defences of this post, and nearly filled up the idea of the engineer*

244

I flatter myself that I have also improved the garrison in disci-
pline. I must apologize for the haste in which this is written, but
captain Mix proposes to sail immediately, and I fear to detain
him a moment. 1 think I shall certainly be at the mouth of the
Genessee by the loth instant.

I have the honour to be. &c.

W. SCOTT, Col. Comdg.
Major general Wilkinson.

Extract of a letter from colonel Clark, to brigadier general

Parker.

C\MP, C HAZY-LANDING, October 15th, 1813.

It is with great pleasure I can inform you of a successful
attack upon the enemy at Masseqnoi bay, on the morning of the
12th instant. At this time I had only the riflemen with me, the
artillerj moving slow and the militia protecting their rear. We
proceeded to the village (Massequoi) and arrived within 15 rods of
the enemy before we were discovered. We found them drawn up
under major Ppwell, in a maimer that would have annoyed us
much had we attacked them by water, but wholly unprepared to
defend themselves on the land side ; they commenced a fire on
I i dank, but in ten minutes after the first attack they laid
down theii amis and surrendered themselves prisoners of war.

Understanding that a force of £00 men, under colonel Lock,
was marching to attack us, i despatched captain Finch, with his
company, to reconnoitre them and ascertain their course. He
proceeded with sue!'! promptness and ability as to surprise and
ure the advanced guard, consisting of cavalry, excepting one
man who escaped, and, giving the information, the enemy
retreated.

The prisoners were then put on board our boats and sent to
Burlington.

Our whole force engaged was 102 — the number of prisoners
taken is 101, their killed 9, and wounded 14.

1 am, sir, with great respect, &c.

ISAAC CLARK.

B*g. gen. Parker, commanding at

Burlington, Vt.

ADDRESS

To the inhabitants of the Upper Province of Canada.

Brigadier general M'Clure, commanding on the Niagara fron-
tier, finds the Upper Province deserted by the British army and
abandoned by its government. In the peculiar situation of the

24b>

inhabitants, it ia ew< ntial to their security that some regulation!
should be established for their government, while the A
army has the power of enforcing diem. The general re

that illegal, unauthorized, and forbidden pillage has been
committed by a few, who are lost to all honour, and insensible of
the obligations of a soldier. To arrest such, practices, to afford
all the protection in his power, and to ensure Bafety to the. property
ami persons of the titants, who are now under his controul,

the general has issued this address.

The employment <>1" the Indians has been ;i source of extreme
el to the general. Bui finding them called out by the : \-
ernment of the United State-, and Expecting to attack an array
w ho had long employ ed them iii see les of atrocity and outrage, at
which humanity i rs, be was driven to the only alternative

lef Kim, of using the Bame weapon against our enemies which
thej had used against ourselves; that the British army had aban-
their encampments and Bed before I ie American force,
doesnotweak< ecessitj which he < nder of employing

the Indians before be knew the enenri had ibsconded. Atthe
vamftiiiir.it is d to them to say, thai the Indians have con •
ducted themselves far better than could have been expected, if
the example of British offi era and Briti a criterion.

Not a single individual has been scalped or • em,

no prisoner of war has been burnt, the dead have d i tin-own

into the public highwa 8, women and children have not been
nor has private property b« Btroyed, except in

es where the former conduct of the rwners required exemplary
liation. 'The property which they h;r , has, in

- where it was possible, been restored b\ the inhabitants of
the United States; and when the ne their employment

, the Indians were sent to the American Bide of
the river beyond ihe reach of temptation, to wait until circum-
stances justified another call upon them. The relation of these
facts is due to the honour of our government, to the reputation of
the general, and to the meri of the Indians. From it, also, the
inhabitants of Canada may learn what they may expect from
American forbearance and clemency.

To insure that Forbearance, the inhabitants have an easy duty
to perform ; let them be perfectly neutral, let them abstain from
communications with the British army and remain at home, quietly
pursuing their avocation-. Those who conduct differently will
incur the penalties of i gorous martial law. The character of our
free republican government, and the nature of our institutions,
will justify your expectation of security and protection. • All
ti\il magistrates will continue to exercise the functions of their
offices merely as conservators of the peace. As far as they are
able, they will preserve order and quiet among the inhabitants.
The existing law - of the province, so far as tin y regard the public
peace, and not interfering with the regulations of the army, will

246

be considered in force until other measures are taken. The msa*
mstrates are particularly required to give information at bead
quarters of all violence committed by American troops on citizens,
unless they ace authorized by a written order. The general
enjoins the inhabitants to submit to their magistrates, and those
who refuse obedience must be reported to head quarters. The
brigadier general invites all the inhabitants who are disposed to
be peaceable, orderly, and neutral, to return to their homes and
their business. He cannot promise complete security, but he
engages, as far as his power extends, to protect the innocent, the
unfortunate and the distressed.

GEO. MCLURE,
Commanding Niagara Frontier.
Head Quarters, Foet George, Oct. 16th, 1813.

A PROCLAMATION BY GENERAL HARRISON.

An armistice having been concluded between the United
States and the tribes of Indians called Miamies, Pattawatamies,
Eel River, Weas, Ottoways, Chippeways and Wyandots, to
continue until the pleasure of the government of the former
shall be known — I do hereby make known the same to all whom it
may concern. This armistice is preparatory to a general council
to be held with these different tribes, and until its termination
they have been permitted to retire to their hunting grounds, and
there to remain unmolested, if they behave themselves peaceably.
They have surrendered into our hands hostages from each tribe,
and have agreed immediately to restore all our prisoners in their
possession, and to unite with us in the chastisement of any Indians,
who may commit any aggression upon our frontiers. Under these
circumstances, I exhort all citizens living upon the frontiers to
respect the terms of said armistice, and neither to engage in nor
countenance any expedition against their persons or property:
leaving to the government, with whom the consultation has left it,
to pursue such course, with respect to the Indians, as they may
think most compatible with sound policy and the best interests of
the country.

Done at Detroit, this 16th October, 1813.

WILLIAM H. HARRISON.

October 18th, 1813.

SIR,

The fortune of war having placed the private property of

•• officers and several families of the right division of the British

army in Upper Canada, in yeur power; as also letters, papers

247

and vouchers of the greatest consequence to individuals, without
bein^ of any to the cause of the captors ; I do myself the -honour of
applying to you in their behalf, hoping that agreeably to the cus-
tom of war, you will avail yourself of this favourable opportunity
to alleviate private feelings, by causing the said property and
documents to be restored. I must also intreat that every consid-
eration in vour power be shown for private families, not of the
army. I trust that with the same view you will permit the bearer
hereof to, ascertain the fate of individuals, and that you will facili-
tate the retreat of any families that may unfortunately have been
interrupted in the attempt.

I have the honour to be, &c.

HENRY PROCTOR,

Maj. gen. in his B. Majesty's service:-

Maj. Gen. W. H. Harrison,

commanding U. S. Army.

Extracts of a letter from general Wilkinson to the Secretary of

I far, dated

"GRENADIER ISLAND, October 28th, 1813.

"I send you this by an extra aid-de-camp, captain Nourse,
to relieve the anxiety to which you must be subject, in the im-
pending eventful moment."

" The extent of the injuries to our craft, the clothing and arms
of the men, and to our provisions on the passage from Sackett's
Harbor to this place, greatly exceeded our apprehensions, and
has subjected us to the necessity of furnishing a supply of cloth-
ing, and of making repairs and equipments to our Hotilla gene-
rally. In fact, all our hopes have been very nearly blasted; but
thanks to the same Providence which placed us in jeopardy, we
are surmounting our difficulties, and, God willing, i shall pass
Prescott on the night of the 1st or 2d proximo, if some unforeseen
obstacle does not present to forbid me. 1 shall expect to hear
from vou at Morrisville, where colonel Swift is to meet me, and
to guard against chance shots, I wish wagons would be held in
readiness to receive our powder aud field ammunition, at a suita-
ble distance above Prescott."

"I keep up the delusion here; and the enemy, about sixteen
hundred strong, exclusive of five hundred militia, are in daily ex-
pectation of a visit at Kingston, yet they have taken post, 1 under-
stand, at Cornwall and the Coteau de Lac. No matter: once
passed Preicott, and oar bayonets and sabres shall remove all
impediments."

"The inexorable winds and rains continue to oppose and em-
barrass our movements ; but 1 am seizing on every moment's in-
terval to slip into the St. Lawrence corps and detachments, as

248

thev can be got ready. Our rendezvous will be in Bush creek,
; twenty miles below, and nearly opposite to Gananoqui,
which position menaces a descent on the opposite shore. I shall
sail from that position at 4 o'clock of the morning, and will pass
Prescott about the same time the ensuing morning."

" We have had such a fluctuation of sick and well, between this
place and .Sackett's Harbor, that it is impossible to say in what
force we shall move ; but I calculate on 6000 combatants, exclusive
of Scott and Randolph,* neither of whom will, I fear, be up in
season, notwithstanding all my arrangements and exertions to
accelerate their march : they are both under provisional orders
from Ogdensburg."

WAR DEPARTMENT, DENMARK,

October 30th, 9 o'clock P. M.
DEAR GENERAL,

I this moment received your despatch by captain Nourse. I
rejoice that your difficulties are so far surmounted, as to enable
you to say, v. itii assurance, when you will pass Prescott. I should
have met you there ; but bad roads, worse weather, and a consi-
derable degree<of illness, admonished me against receding further
from a point where ray engagements call me, about the 1st proxi-
mo. The resolution of treading back my steps, was taken at Ant-
w. •, and communicated in a letter from that place, by major
Lush. I wrote a single line to you to-day, giving the fortunate
e of Harrison's business, and his arrival at Fort George with
M* Arthur's brigade. If Vincentbe within the peninsula, Harrison
will root him out. It remains with you to sweep the rest of the
line before yon. Montreal taken, what are Prescott and Kings-
c Give Hampton timely notice of your approach, and of the
place and hour of junction.

Yours sincerely,

JOHN ARMSTRONG.
Major General Wilkinson,

Extracts of a letter from general Wilkinson to the Secretary of

War, dated

"GRENADIER ISLAND, November 1st, 1813.

" You will perceive from the duplicate under cover (letter of
the 28th of Qctober) what were my calculations four days since:
but the winds, and waves, and rains, still prevail, and we have
made Beveral fruitless attempts to turn Stony Point, one of
them at great peril to 3,000 men, whom I seasonably remanded
to the harbor, without the loss of a life. Our sick, one hundred
and ninety-six in number, have not fared as well: they were
embarked in stout, comfortable vessels, and sailed, the day before

* Scott and Randolph both joined.

»49

erday morning, for Sackett's Harbor, but they were driven on
shOi n, hicli c intinued with unremitting violence all

night : and a^ no exertion could relieve them, 1 anticipated the
loss of le w 10I • ; b ' the tempest having abated, and the wind
sbiftingfroi i west to north-east, boats were sent out yester-

morning, and d h tor Bull reports the loss of three men onlr.
Other mean-, of transport will be provided to-morrow, and these
unfortunate men will be sent to the hospital at Sackett's Harbor.'-'

{'Brigadier Brown, with his brigade, the li^ht artillery, the
riflemen, the volunteers, the gunboats, Bissel'a regiment, and a
I il M ' . I expect, safe at French creek, with the

arlill i and ordnance stores. These corps have made the tra-
verse of iii,' ar - >! I e lake under circumstances of great danger*
though fortunately without the loss of a life, but at the expense of
e boats."

" I shall wait one dav longer, and if the passage should still
continue impracticable to the troops 1 will land them on the
opposite shore, march them across the country to the St. Law-
rence, and send the empty !);iat> round to a given rendezvous."

" \> major general 11a upton is under your orders, permit me
tosu<i - i j >u what is worthy of reflection : whether he should
a position, and wait the arrival of my command near the
i luence of the St. Lawrence and Grand river, or whether he
should move down the St. Lawrence, and menace Chambly? If
be issti • ougli to meet -ii George, the latter will be the pre-
ferable plan,1).'' ause i! v\<ll have the effect to divide the enemy's
force ; otherwise he - lould adopt the first idea, hazard nothing,
and strengthen my hand-."*

"The enclosed copy of a memorandum from colonel Swift will
show you what he is i bout, 1 Hatter myself, to your satisfaction.
The sole unpleasant ci cumstance before me, is our total i<;no-
e if the preparations of sir George, and whal we may expect
to meet on tl e island. I tear no consequences ; but it must be
painful to lea I more than s k thousand men to battle hoodwinked;
and vet all my efforts to procure intelligence from Montreal have
proved fruitless."

H. Q. FOUR CORNIRS, November lit, 1813.

SIR,

On the morning of the 21st ultimo the army commenced its
movement down the Chateaugay, for the purpose of placing itself
in a situation which would enable it to fulfil its part of the pro-
posed combined operations on the St. Lawrence.

An extensive wood of eleven or twelve miles in front, block-
aded up with felled timber, and covered by the Indians and light
troops of the enemy, was a serious impediment to the arduous
task of opening a road for the artillery and stores. Brigadier gen

250

(Mai Izard, with flic li^ht troops and one regiment of the line, was
detached early in the morningto turn these impediments in flank,
and to seize on the more open country below, while the army,
preceded by a strong working party, advanced on a more
circuitous but practicable route for a road. The measure, as
will be seen by the report of brigadier general Izard, which 1
have the honour to inclose, completely succeeded, and the main
body of the army reached t! e advanced position on the evening
of th" 22d. The 23d and 24th were employed in completing the
road and getting up the artillery and stores.

I had arranged-, at my departure, under the direction of major
Parker, a line of communication as tar up the St. Lawrence as
Ogdensburg, lor the purpose of hastening to me the earliest no-
tice of the progress of our army down. 1 had surmounted twenty
four miles of the most difficult part of the route, and had in ad-
vance of me seven miles of open country, but at the end of that
distance commenced a wood ol some miles in extent, which had
been formed into an entire abatis and filled by a succession of
wooden breast works, the rearmost of which were supplied with
ordnance. In front of these defences were placed the Indian force
and light corps of the enemy, and in the rear all of his disposable
force. As the extent of this force depended upon his sense of
danger on the St. Lawrence, it was a cause of regret that all
communication from yourself or major Parker seemed to be at
an end. As it was, however, belieAed that the enemy was hourly
adding to his strength in this position, if free from the apprehen-
sion of danger from above, an effort was judged necessary to
dislodge him, and if it succeeded, we should be in possession of a
j osition which we could hold as long as any doubts remained of
what v., ing above, and of the real part to be assigned us.

Oin- guides assured us of a shoal and practicable fording place
opposite the lower flank of the enemy's defences, and that the
avu(,(! on the opposite side of the river, a distance of seven or
it miles, was practicable for the passage of the troops. Colo-
nel Purdy with the light corps, and a strong body ot infantry of
the line, was detached at an earh hour of the night of the 25th to
gain this ford by the morning, and to commence his attack in rear,
and thai was to be the signal for the army to tall on in front, and
n was believed the \ ass might be carried before the enemy's dis-
tanl troops Id be brought forward to its support.

I had returned to my quarters from Purdy's column about 9
o'clock at night, where i found a Mr. Baldwin, of the quarter
partment, who put into my hands an open paper
containing instructions to him from the quarter master general,
respecti ... of huts for the army in the Chateaugay,

Ik low the line. This paper sunk my hopes, and raised serious
» of r< eivine thai efficacious support which had been an -
'" ipated. I would have recalled the column, but it was in mo-
tion, and the darkness of the night rendered it impracticable.

251

I could only «;o forward. The army was put in motion on the moi -
oing of the 26th, Leaving its baggage, ix.c. on the ground of en-
campment.

On advancing near the enemy, it was found that the column oh
the opposite side was not as far advanced as had been anticipa-
ted. The had missed it, and finally failed in finding the
ford. We could not communicate with it, but only awaited the
attack below. About '2 o'clock the firing commenced, and our
troops advanced rapidly to the attack. The enemy's light troops
commenced a sharp lire, but brigadier general Izard advanced
with his brigade, drove him every where behind his defences and
silenced the fire in his front. This brigade would have, pushed
forward as far as courage, skill and perseverance could have
carried it ; but on advancing it was found that the firing had com-
menced on the opposite side, and the ford had not been gained.

The enemy retired behind his defences, but a renewal of his
attack wasex] ■ ted, and the troops remained some time in their
position to meet it. The troops on the opposite -ide were exces-
sively fatigued. The enterprise had failed in its main point, and
colonel Purdy was ordered to withdraw his column to a shoal
four or five miles above, and cross over. The day was spent, and
general Izard was ordered to withdraw his brigade to a position
three miles in the rear, to which place the baggage had been or-
dered forward.

The slowness and order with which general Izard retired with
hi* brigade, could but have inspired the enemy with respect.
They presumed not to venture a shot at him during Ids movement ;
but the unguardedness ot some part ofPurdy's command exposed
him to a rear attack from the Indians, which was repeated after
dark, ami exposed him to some loss. These attacks were always
repelled, and must have cost the enemy as many lives as we lust.
Our entire lo-^ of killed, wounded and missing, does not exceed
fifty. In its new position within three miles of the enemy's post,
the army encamped on the night of the 26th, and remained until
12 o'clock of the 28th. All the deserters, of whom there were four,
having concurred in the information that sir George Prevost,
with three other general officers, had arrived with the whole of
his disposable force, and lav in the rear of these defences, and a
letter from major Parker (by express received on the evening of
the 26th) having informed me that no movements of our army
down the St. Lawrence had been heard of at Ogdensburg, and for
some distance above ; the following questions were submitted to
commanding officers of brigades, regiments, and corps, and the
heads of the general start", in a council convened for the purpose :
" Is it advisable, under existing circumstances, to renew the at-
tack on the enemy's position, and if not, what position is it advis-
able for the army to take, until it can receive advices of the
advance of the grand army down the St, Lawrence ?" The
opinion of the council was expressed in the following words :

252

•■ It is the unanimous opinion of this council, that it is neces-
sary, for the preservation of this army and the fulfilment of the
ostensible views of the government, that we immediately return
by orderly inarches to such a position (Chateaugayj as will se-
cure our communications with the United States, either to retire.
into winter quarters, or to be ready to strike below." In pursu-
ance of this opinion, the army has returned by slow marches to
this iJ.<ce, and now awaits the orders of the government. Its
condition will be stated by the bearer, colonel King, who can give
you, upon every point, more full and perfect information, than
could be contained in a written detail.

1 have the honour to be, &c.

W. HAMPTON.
Honourable John Armstrong,

Secretary of War.

HEAD QUARTERS, FOUT GEORGE, November 3d, 1813.

SIR,

Lieutenant Le Breton, an officer in your service, arrived at
Detroit on the 15th ultimo, bearing a flag and a letter to me from
general Proctor, requesting humane treatment for the prisoners in
my possession, and the restoration of private property and papers.
This letter was directed to me at the Moravian towns; and as
the subject was ::ot of the importance to authorize the lieutenant's
pursuing me to Detroit, 1 was somewhat surprised at his doing
so. It did not a] pear to me proper to permit him to return in
thai way, and as I was on the point of setting out for tins frontier
by water, 1 conceived that that mode of comevance would be full
as agreeable to him, and would enable him to meet general Proc-
tor as expeditiously as by the land route. I regret that the bad-
ness of the weather, and other causes which he will explain, have
detained him until this time.

Understanding that you are the senior officer, I have determin-
ed to address my answer to you. With respect to the subject of
general Proctor's letter, those which I have the honour to enclose
to you from the British officers, who were taken on the 5th ultimo,
to their friends, and the report of Mr. Le Breton, will satisfy you
that no indulgence which humanity could claim in their favour,
or ihe usages of war sanction, has been withheld. The disposi-
tion of the property taken on the field of action, or near it, was
left to the commanding officer at Detroit. The instructions given
to that gentleman, and the v ell known generosity of his character,
will insure to the claimants the utmost justice and liberality in
hi> decisions. In making this statement, I wish it, however, to
be distinctly understood, that my conduct, with regard to the pri-
soners and property taken, has been dictated solely by motives of
humanity, and not by a belief that it could be claimed upon the
score of reciprocity of treatment towards the American prisoners

259

who bad fallen into the hands of general Proctor. The unhappy
description of persons who I a\ • escaped from the tomahawk ol
Bavage* in the employment of the British government, who
fought under the immediate orders of th at officer, have suffered
all the indignities and deprivations which human nature is capa-
ble ol" supporting. There is no single instance that I have heard
of, in which the property of the officers has been respected. But
I am far from believing that the conduct of general Proctor has been
thought an example worthy of imitation by tlv greater part of the
British officers ; and in the character of general Vincent, [ have a
pledge that he will unite his exertions with mine, to soften as
much as possible the fate of those whom the fortune of war may
reciprocally place in our power.

But, sir, there is another subject upon which I wish an explicit,
declaration. Will the Indians who still adhere to the cause of
hi- Britannic majesty, be suffered to continue that horrible species
of warfare which they have heretofore practice 1 against our troopr,,
and those —till more horrible depredations upon the peaceable in-
habitants of our frontiers? 1 have sufficient evidence to show-
that even the latter have not always been perpetrated by small
parties of vagrant Indians', acting at a distance from the British
army. Some of the mosl atrocious instances have occurred under
the eyes of the British commander and the head of the Indian
department. 1 shall pass by the tragedy of the river Raisin, and
that equally well known which was acted on the Miami river,
after the defeat id" colonel Dudley, and -elect three other instances
of savage barbarity committed under the auspices of general
Proctor: In the beginning of June, a small party of Indians,
conducted by an Ottawa chief, who I believe is now with the
British army under your command, left .Maiden in bark canoes,
in which they coasted lake Erie, to the mouth of Portage river ; the
canoes were take.) across the Portage to the Sandusky hay, over
which the party proceeded to the mouth of Cold creek, and from
thence bv land to the settlements upon that river, where they cap-
tured three families, consisting of one man twelve women and
children. After taking the prisoners some distance, one of the
women was discovered to be unable to keep up with them, in
consequence of her advanced state of pregnancy. She was imme-
diately tomah iwked, stript naked, her womb ripped open, and the
child taken out. Three or four ol' the children were successively
butchered as they discovered their inability to keep up with the
party. Upon the arrival of the Indians at Maiden, two or three
of the prisoners were ransomed by colonel Elliott, and the other-
by the citizens of Detroit, where they remained until they were
taken off by their friends upon the recovery of that place by
our army. I have been informed that the savage chief received
from colonel Elliott a reprimand for his cruelty.

On the 29th or 30th id' the same month, a large party of Indians
were sent from Maiden on a war expedition to Lower Sanduskyj

254

\t a 'arm house, near that place, they murdered the whole family,
consisting of a man, his wife, son and daughter.

During the lasl attack upon Fort Meigs by general Proctor, a
party headed by a Seneca, and intimate friend of Tecumseh's,
was sent to endeavour to detach from our interest the Shawanese
of Wapockanata. In their way hither they murdered several
men and one woman, who was working in her cornfield.

I have selected, sir, the above from a long list of similar in-
stances of barbarity, which the history of the last fifteen months
could furnish; because they were perpetrated, if not in the
view of the British commander, by parties who came immediately
from his camp and returned to it ; who even received their daily
support from the king's stores, and who, in fact, (as the documents
in inv possession will show) form part of his army.

To retaliate then upon the subjects of the king would have been
justifiable bv the laws of war and the usages of the most civilized
nations. To do so has been amply in my power. The tide of
fortune has changed in our favour, and an extensive and flou-
ing province opened to our arms. Nor have instruments of
vengeance been wanting;. The savages who sued to us for
mercj would gladly have shown their chiims to it, by re-acting
upon Than\es the bloody scenes of Sandusky and Cold creek. A
of approbation would have been sufficient to pour upon
the subjects of the king their whole fury. The future conduct of
British officers will determine the correctness of mine in with-
holding it. II the savages should be again let loose upon our set-
tlements, I shall with justice be accused of having sacrificed the
- and honour of my country, and the lives of our fellow-
citizens to feelings of false and mistaken humanity. You are
r, sir, and as 1 sincerely believe, possess all the honourable
which ought always to be found in men who follow
ion of arms. Use then, 1 pray you, your authori-
ien< e to stop that dreadful effusion of innocent blood,
which proceeds from the e ployment of those savage monsters,
must now be discovered) is so little to be depended
n when it is most wanted, and which can have so trifling an
issue of the war. The effect of their barbarities
will not be confined to the present generation. Ages yet to
come will feel the deep rooted hatred and enmity winch they
i produce between the two nations.
• d te most sincerelj the dreadful alternative which will be

red to n be continued ; but I solemnly declare,

ili.it if the Indians thai remain under the influence of the British
eminent, at ed to commit any depredations uponjtheciti

/.ens within the district that is committed to my protection, I will
the restrictions which have hitherto been imposed upon
ho have offered their services to the United States, and di-
themtocarrj i teirownway. I have never heard

a -' i -<■ for the employment of the savages by your gov-

2£5

eminent, unless we can credit the story of some British officer hai
ing (hired toassert , that "as we employed the Kentuckians, you had
a right to make use <>f the Indians." If such injurious sentiments
have really prevailed, t<» the prejudice of a brave, well-informed,
and virtuous people, it will be removed by the representations of
your officers who were lately taken on the river Thames. They
will inform you, sir, that so far from offering any violence to the
persons of their prisoners, these savages would not permit a word
to escape them which was calculated to wound or insult their feel-
iiiL-, and this too, with the sufferings of their friends and relatives,
at the river Raisin and Miami, fresh upon their recollection. 1
pledge myself for the truth of the above statements in relation to
the murders committed by the Indian.-.

I have the honour to be, &c.
WILLIAM II. HARRISON.
M ajor general Vincent.

VICTORY OVER THE CREEKS.

CAMP AT TEN ISLANDS, November 4th, 1813.
SIR,

I had the honour, yesterday, of transmitting you a short
account ol an engagement that took place between a detachment
of about 900 men from my brigade, with the enemy at Tallus-
hatches town ; the particulars whereof, 1 beg herein to recite you.
Pursuant to your order of me 2d, 1 detailed from my brigade of
cavi !:• and mounted riflemen, 900 men and officers, and proceed-
ing directly to the Tallushatches towns, crossed Coosy river at
the Fish Dam ford, three or four miles above this place. I ar-
rived within one and a half miles of the town (distant from this
place south-east, eight miles) on the morning of the Zd, at which
place I di ided my detachment into two columns, the right com-
posed of the cavalry commanded l>v colonel Allcorn, to cross over
a large creek that lay between us and the towns: the left column
was of the mounted riflemen, under the command of colonel
non, with whom I marched myself. Colonel Allcorn was or-
dered to march up on the' right, and encircle one half of the town,
and at the same time the left would form a half circle on the left,
and unite the head of the columns in front of the town: all of
which was performed as I could wish. When I arrived within
half a mile of the town, the drums of the enemy began to beat,
mingled with their savage yells, preparing for action. It was after
sun -rise an 'our, when the action was brought on by captain Ham-
mond and lieutenant Patterson's companies, who had gone on
within the circle of alignment, for the purpose of drawing out the
enemy from their buildings, which had the most happy effect.
V -oon as caj tain Hammond exhibited his front in view of the
town, (wi ch stood in open woodland) and gave a few scattering
^>h*»t, the enemy formed and made a violent charge on hint; hr

256

re way a* they advanced, until they met our right column,
whii general 6 re, and then charged; this changed

liu' direction of the charge completely ; the enemy retreated tiring,
until they got around, and in their buildings, where they made
all the resistance that an overpowered soldier could do ; they
_it as long as one existed, but their destruction was very soon
com pie I : our men rushed up to the doors of the houses, and
in a few minutes killed the last warrior of them; the enemy
Fought with savage fury, and met death with all its horrors, with-
out shrinking or complaining: not one asked to be spared, but
fought as long as thej co lid stand or sit. In consequence of their
ig to their houses and mixing with the families, our men, in
killi;i>^ the male-, without intention killed and wounded a few of
the squaws and children, which was regretted bveverv officer and
soldier of the detachment, but which could not be avoided.

The number of the enemy killed, was 186 that were counted,
and a number of others that were killed in the weeds not found.
1 think the calculation a reasonable one, to say COO of them were
killed, and si prisoners, of women and children, were taken ;
not one of the warriors escaped to carry the news, a circumstance
unknow n heretofore.

We lost five men killed, and 41 wounded, none mortally, the
greater part slightly, a number with arrows: this appears to ibnn
a very principal part of the enemy's arms for warfare, every man
having a bow with a bundle of arrows, which is used after the
lir>t lire with the gun, until a leisure time for loading offers.

It is with pleasure 1 say, that our men acted with deliberation
and firmness; notwithstanding our numbers were superior to that
of the enemy, it was a circumstance to us unknown, and from the
parade of the enemy, we had every reason to suppose them our
equals in number: but there appeared no visible traces of alarm
:\. but on the contrary, all appeared cool and determined,
and no doubt when they face a foe of their own, or superior num-
ber, the\ will show the same courage as on this occasion.

1 have the honour to be, &c.
JOHN' COFFEE,
Brig. Gen. of Cavalry and riflemen*

U ijor general Andrew Jackson.

SACKETT'S 1IAUT.OK, November 6th, 1813.
SIR,

\- I have reason to believe that the Royal George, Prince
Re -;it. and Duke of Gloucester, have gone up the lake, with
troops to reinforce Fori George; and as I have to believe that
other troops are waiting at Kingston for their return, destined for

the sa port, 1 have determined to proceed with the force I

■ ready, in quest of the enemy. My present intention is, to
fuke a position on the Canada shore, near some small islands,

257

'.ailed the " False Bucks," where the enemy are obliged to pas>,
and where I will wait r'neir return to Kingston. It I should suc-
ceed in my enterprise (-which I have but little doubt of) I shall
make an attack upon Kingston, for the purpose of destroying the
guns and public stores at that station.

I shall proceed for my station this evening, or to-morrow
morning, with the following vessels, to wit: brig Oneida, and
schooners Hamilton, Governor Tompkins, Conquest, Growler, Ju-
lia and Pert ; mounting altogether 40 guns, of different calibres.,
and 430 men, including marines.

AN ith this force I hope to give a good account of the enemy,
although he is more than double our force in guns and men. His
consists of the following vessels, as nearly as I can ascertain, to
wit : the ship Royal George, 26 guns, 260 men ; ship Earl Moira,
18 guns, 200 men; Schooners Prince Regent, 18 guns, 150 men;
Duke of Glow ester, 14 guns, 80 men ; Governor Simcoe, 12 guns,
70 men ; .Seneca, 4 guns, 40 men ; making a grand total of 108
guvs, and 890 men.

The officers and men, under my command, are all extremely
anxious to meet the enemy. We cannot command success, but
we will endeavour to deserve it.

I have the honour to be, &c.

ISAAC CHAUNCEY.

The Hon. Paid Hamilton, &C.

PROCLAMATION.

The following proclamation to the inhabitants of Canada,
was issued by general Wilkinson, on his passage down the St.
Lawrence.

JAMES WILKINSON,

Major general, and commander in chief of an expedition against
the Canada?, to the inhabitants thereof:

The army of the United States, which I have the honour to
command, invades these provinces to conquer, not to destroy ; to
subdue the forces of his Britannic majesty, not to war against his
unoffending subjects; — those, therefore, among you, who remain,
quiet at home, should victory incline to the American standard,
shall be protected in their persons and property. But those who
are found in arms, must necessarily be treated as avowed enemies.

To menace is unjust — to seduce dishonourable — yet it is just
and humane to place these alternatives before you.

Done at the head quarters of the army of the United
States, this 6th day of November, 1813, near Ogdens-
burg, on the river St. Lawrence.

JAMES WILKINSON.
By the generaPs command,

N. PINKNBY, Major and aid-de-cmmj).
33

258

HEAD QUARTERS OF THE ARMY, 7 MTLES ABOVE OCDENSIWRG,

November 6th, 1813, (in the euning.)

SIR, . .

I address you at the special instance of the Secretary of

war, who, bv bad roads, worse weather, and ill health, was divert*
ed from meeting me near this place, and determined to tread
back his steps to 'Washington from Antwerp on the 29th ultimo.

I am destined to, and determined on, the attack of Montreal, if
not prevented by some act of God ; and to give security to the
enterprise, the division under your command must co-operate
witli the corps under my immediate orders. The point of ren-
dezvous is the circumstance of greatest interest to the issue of
this operation, and the distance which separates us, and my ig-
norance of the practicability of the direct or devious roads or
routes bv which you must march, makes it necessary that your own
judgment should determine the point. To assist you in forming
the soundest determination, and to take the most prompt and
effectual measure-, I can only inform you of my intentions and
situation in one or two respects of first importance. I shall pass
Prescott to night, because the stage of the season will not allow
me three days to take it ; shall cross the cavalry at Hamilton,
which will not require a day ; I shall then press forward and
break down every obstruction to the confluence of this river with
Grand river, there to cross to the Isle Perrot, and with my scows
to bridge the narrow inner channel, and thus obtain foothold on
Montreal Island, at about 20 miles from the city : after which our
artillery, bayonets, and swords, must secure our triumph, or provide
us honourable graves.

Inclosed vou have a memorandum of field and battering train
pretty well found in mixed ammunition, which may enable you to
dismiss your own ; but we are deficient in loose powder and mus-
ket cartridges, and therefore hope you may be abundantly found.

On the subject of provisions I wish I could give as favourable
information : our whole stock of bread may be computed at about
fifteen days, and our meat at twenty. In speaking on this sub-
ject to the Secretary of War, he informed me ample magazines
were laid upon Lake Champlain, and therefore I must request of
you in order forward two or three months' supply by the safest
route in a direction to the proposed scene of action. I have
submitted the state of our provisions to my general officers, who
unanimously agree thai it should not prevent the progress of the
expedition ; and they also agree in opinion, that if you are not in
force to face the enemy, you should meet us at St. Regis or its
\ icinit v.

I shall expert to hca* from, if not see you, at that place on the
9th or 10 instant.

I have the honour to be, &c.

JAMES WU.K1NSON.

k' jor General Hampton.

359

NEW YORK, November 7th, 1813.
SIR,

I have the honour to inform you of the re-capture of the
American schooner Sparrow, of Baltimore, from New-Orleans
bon ml to this port, laden with sugar and lead. On the 3d the
ene ny's ~hi|> Plantagenet, chased the said vessel on shore near
],<>!i^ l)i. inch, six miles distant from where the flotilla is station-
ed, and took possession of her with about 100 men. A detachment
from the flotilla inarched against them, attacked them, drove them,
from on board the vessel, and took possession under the fire of the
enemy's shin and barges. In the affair we lost one man ; the
enemy's loss must have been considerable, as many have been
Been to fall. The wh >le cargo, together with sails, rigging, &c.
have been saved, vessel bilged.

I have honour to be, &c.

J. LEWIS.

Secretary of the Navy.

HEAD QUARTERS, FOUR CORNERS, November 8th 1813-
SIR,

I had the honour to receive, at a late hour last evening, by
colonel Kiti!£, your communication of the 6th, and was deeply im-
pressed with the sense "I" responsibility it imposed, of deciding
upon the means of our co-operation. The idea suggested as the
opinion of your officers, of effecting the junction at St. Regis,
was motri pleasing, as being the most immediate, until I came to
the disclosure of the amount of your supplies of provision.
Colonel Atkinson will explain the reasons that would have ren-
dered it impossible for me to have brought more than each man
could have carried on his back; and when 1 reflected that in
throwing myself upon your scanty means, I should be weakening
you in your most vulnerable point, I did not hesitate to adopt the
opinion, after consulting the general and principal officers, that by
throwing myself back on my main depot, when all the means of
transportation had gone, and falling upon the enemy's flank, and
straining every effort to open a communication from Plattsburg
to Coghnawaga, or any point you may indicate on the St. Law-
rence, 1 should more effectually contribute to your success, than
by the junction at St. Regis. The way is in many places block-
aded and abatted, and the road impracticable for wheel carriages
during winter, but by the employment of pack horses, if I am not
overpowered, I hope' to be able to prevent your starving. I have
ascertained and witnessed the plan of the enemy is to burn and
consume every thing in our advance. My troops and other means
will be described to you bv colonel Atkinson. Besides the raw-
ness and sickliness, they have endured fatigues equal to a winter
campaign, in the late snows and bad weather, and are sadly dis-
pirited and fdlen off; but upon this subject, 1 must refer you t«
colonel Atkinson.

360

With these means, what can be accomplished by human exer-
tion, I will attempt. With a mind devoted to the general objects
of the campaign,

I have the honour to be, &c.

W. HAMPTON.
His excellency maj. gen. James Wilkinson.

HEAD QUARTERS, BURLINGTON HEIGHT*,

November 10th, 1813,

SIR,

Lieutenant Le Breton having delivered your letter of the 3d
instant. 1 have directed captain Merritt, of the Provincial dra-
goon-, to proceed with a flag to fort George, as the bearer of this
acknowledgment of your obliging communication.

The account given of the British officers, whom the fortune
of war has lately placed at the disposal of the United States, is
such as cannot fail affording very consoling reflections to this
army and their anxious friends.

Though you must be sensible there are several points in your
letter, respecting which it is wholly beyond my power to afford
you the satisfaction of an " explicit declaration," yet, be assured,
sir, I shall never feel the smallest degree of hesitation in joining
you in any pledge, that it will ever be my anxious wish and endea-
vour to alleviate as much as possible the fate of those v\ho may fall
into my power by the chances of war.

Believe me, sir, I deprecate as strongly as yourself, the perpe-
tration of acts of cruelty committed under any pretext ; and shall
lament equally with yourself that any state of things should pro-
duce them. No efforts of mine will be ever wanting to diminish
the evils of a state of warfare, as far as may be consistent with
the duties which are due to my king and country.

The Indians, when acting in conjunction with the troops under
my command, have been invariably exhorted to mercy, and have
never been deaf to my anxious entreaties on this interesting subject.

1 shall not fail to transmit the original of your letter to the
Lower Province, for the consideration of his excellency the com-
mander of the forces.

I feel particularly anxious to be made acquainted with your in-
structions relative to the disposal of the gallant and truly un-
fortunate captain Barclay, whose wounds, I lament to hear, are
such as to preclude all hope of his being ever again able to resume
the honourable duties of his station. Under these circumstances
[ am induced to rely on your liberality and generous interference
to obtain a release or parole, that he may be allowed the indul-
gence of immediately proceeding to the Lower Province.

I have the honour to be, &c.
JOHN VINCENT,
Major general, British army.
His excellency maj. general Harrison

261

Bij his Excellency,

MARTIN CHITTENDEN, Esq.

Governor, captain general, and commander in chief in and over

the state of Vermont.

A PROCLAMATION.

Whereas it appears, that the third brigade of the 3d
division of militia of this state, has been ordered from our fron-
tiers to the defence of a neighbouring state ; and whereas it further
appears, to the extreme regret of the captain general, that apart of
the militia of said brigade have been placed under the command,
and at the disposal of, an officer of the United States, out of the
jurisdiction or controul of the executive of this state, and have been
actually marched to the defence of a sister state, fully compe-
tent to all the purposes of self-defence, whereby an extensive
section of our own frontier is left, in a measure, unprotected,
and the peaceable, good citizens thereof are put in great jeopardy,
and exposed to the retaliatory incursions and ravages of an exas-
perated enemy; and whereas disturbances of a very serious na-
ture are believed to exist, in consequence of a portion of the
militia having been thus onli d out of the state :

Therefore — to the end that these great evils may be provided
against, and as far as may be, prevented for the future:

Re it known, that such portion of the militia of said Sd division
as may be now doing duty in the state of New York, or elsewhere,
beyond the limit> of tlii> state, both officers and men, are hereby
ordered and directed, by the captain general and commander in
chief of the militia of the state of Vermont, forthwith to return
to the respective places of their usual residence, within the terri-
torial limits of said brigade, and there to hold themselves in con-
stant readiness to act in obedience to the orders of brigadier
general Jacob Davis, who is appointed, by the legislature of this
state, to the command of said brigade.

And the said brigadier general Jacob Davis is hereby ordered
and directed, forthwith, to see that the militia of his said brigade
be completely armed and equipped, as the law directs, and held
in constant readiness to inarch on the shortest notice, to the defence
of the frontiers: and, in case of actual invasion, without further
orders, to march with his said brigade, to act, either in co-opera-
tion with the troops of the United States, or separately, as cir-
cumstances may require, in repelling the enemy from our terri-
tory, and in protecting the good citizens of this state from the
ravages of hostile incursions.

And in case of an event, so seriously to be deprecated, it is
hoped and expected that every citizen, without distinction ol
party, will By at once to the nearest post of danger, and that the
only rallying word be — " our country.*' »

262

Feeling, as the captain general does, the weight of responsi-
bility which rests upon him, with regard to the constitutional du-
ties of the militia, and the sacred rights of our citizens to pro-
tection from this great class of the community, so essentially
necessary in all free countries : at a moment too, When thev are so
eminently exposed to the dangers of hostile incursions and do-
mestic difficulties, he cannot conscientiously discharge the trust
reposed in him by the voice of his fellow citizens, and by the
constitutions of this state and the United States, without an une-
quivocal declaration, that, in his opinion, the military strength
and resources of this state must be reserved for its own defence
and protection, exclusively ; excepting in cases provided for by
the constitution of the United States ; and then, under orders
derived only from the commander in chief.

Given under my hand at Montpelier, this 10th day of Novem-
ber, in the year of our Lord 1813, and of the independence of
the United States, the 38th.

MARTIN CHITTENDEN.
By his excellency's command,

SAMUEL SWIFT, Secretary.

ANSWER

To Governor Chittenden's Proclamation.

To his Excellency
MARTIN CHITTENDEN, Esq.

Governor, Captain General, and commander in chief in and over

the State of Vermont.
SIR,

A most novel and extraordinary proclamation from your ex-
cellency, "ordering and directing such portion of the militia of
the third brigade in the third division of the militia of Vermont,
now doing duty in the state of New York, both officers and men,
forthwith to return to the respective places of their usual resi-
dence,'' has just been communicated to the undersigned officers of
Baid brigade. A measure so unexampled, requires that we should
staif to your excellency, the reasons which induce us absolutely
and positively to refuse obedience to the order contained in your
excellency's proclamation With due deference to your excel-
li ncy's opinion, we humbly conceive, that when we are ordered
into the service of the United States, it becomes our duty, when
d, to march to the defence of any section of the union.
W e are not of that class who believe that our duties, as citizens
or soldiers, are circumscribed within the narrow limits of the

ii or state in whic we reside; but that we are under a para-

263

niaunt obligation to our common country, to the great confederacy
of the states. N\ •• further conceive, that while we are in actual
secv e, vo ir excellency's power over us, as governor of the state
of Vermont, is suspended.

If it is true, as j 0 ir excellency states, that « we arc out of the
jurisdiction or controul of the executive of Vermont,'? we would
ask from whence von- excellency derives the right, or presumes
to exercise the power of ordering us to return from the service
in which we are now engaged? If we were legally ordered into
the service of the United States, your excellency must be sensi-
ble that you have no authority to order us out of "that service. If
we were illegally ordered into service, our continuance in it is
either voluntary or compulsory. If voluntary, it gives no one a
right to remonstrate or complain ; if compulsory, we can appeal
to the laws of our country for redress against those who illegally
re-train us of our liberty. In either case, we cannot perceive
the right your excellency has to interfere in the business. View-
ing the subject in this light, we conceive it our duty to declare
unequivocally to your excellency, that we shall not obey your
excellency's order for returning; but shall continue in the ser-
vice of our country, until we are ■ and honourably dis-
charged. An invitation or order to desert the standard of our
country, will never be obeyed by us, although it proceeds from
the governor and captain general of Vermont.

Perhaps it is proper, that we bIiouW content ourselves with
merely giving your excellency the reasons which prevail upon us
to disregard your proclamation ; but we are impressed with the
belief, that our duty to ourselves, to the soldiers under our com-
mand, and to the public, requires that we should expose to the
world, the motives which produced, and the objects which were
intended to be accomplished by such an extraordinary proclama-
tion. We shall take the liberty to stare to your' excellency
plainly, our sentiments on this subject. We consider your pro-
clamation as a gross 1 isull to the officers and soldiers in service,
inasmuch as it implies that they are so ignorant of their rights, as
to believe you have authority to command them in their present
situation, or so abandoned as to follow your insidious advice. We
cannot regard your proclamation in any other light, than as an
unwarrantable stretch of executive authority, issued from the
worst of motive effect the ba ;st purposes. It is, in our

opinion, a renewed instance of that spirit of disorganization and
anarchy which is carried on by a fiction, to overwhelm our coun-
ts v with ruin and disgrace. We cannot perceive what other
object your excellency could have in view, than to embarrass the
operation- ..: the 11 1 excite mutiny and sedition among the

soldiers, and to induce them to desert, that thev 11 titforfei the
wages to which they are entitled for their patriot:;.' services.

N\ e avc . iwever, the satisfaction to infirm - our excellency,
that although your proclamations have been distributed among the

2G4

soldiers, by your agent delegated for that purpose, they have fail-
ed to produce the intended effect — and although it may appear
incredible to your excellency, even soldiers have discernment
sufficient to perceive, that the proclamation of a governor, when
issued out of the line of his duty, is a harmless, inoffensive and
nugatory document — they regard it with mingled emotions of
pity and contempt for its author, and as a striking monument of
hi- folly.

Before we conclude, we feel ourselves, injustice to your excel-
lency, bound to declare, that a knowledge of your excellency's
character induces us to believe, that the folly and infamy of the
proclamation to which your excellency has put your signature,
is not wholly to be ascribed to your excellency, but chiefly to the
evil advisers, with whom we believe your excellency is unhappily
encompassed.

We are, with due respect, &c.

Luther Dixon, lieutenant colonel; Elijah Dee, junr. major;
Josiah Grout, major; Charles JSennet, captain ; Jesse Post, cap-
tain; Elijah W. Wood, captain; Elijah Birge, captain; Martin
D. Foliet, captain; Amasa Mansfield, captain ; T. H. Campbell,
lieutenant ; G. 0. Dixon, lieutenant ; Francis Northway, lieute-
nant; Joshua Brush, lieutenant : Daniel Dodge, ensign ; Sand-
ford Gadcomb, captain ; James Fullington, quarter master; Shep-
herd Beals, lieutenant ; John Fasset, surgeon; Seth Clark, junr.
surgeon- s mate ; Thomas Waterman, captain; Benjamin Foliet,
lieutenant ; Hira Hill, surgeon's mate.

CAMP STROTHER, NEAR TEN ISLANDS OF COOSA,

November 11th, 1813.

SIR,

I am just returned from an excursion which I took a few
• lays ago, and hasten to acquaint you with the result.

Late on the evening of the 7th instant, a runner arrived from
the friendly party, in Lashley's fort, (Tailedega) distant about
30 miles below us, with the information that the hostile Creeks,
in great force, had encamped near the place, and were preparing
to destroy it; and earnestly entreated that I would lose no time
in affording them relief. Urged by their situation, as well as by
a wish to meet the enemy so soon as an opportunity would offer, I
determined upon commencing my march thither with all my dis-
posable force in the course of the night; and immediately des-
patched an express to general White, advising him of my intend-
ed movement, and urged him to hasten to this encampment by
a forced march, in order to protect it in my absence. I had re-
peatedly written the general to form a junction with me as speedily
as practicable, and a few days before had received his assurance,
that on the 7th he would join me. I commenced crossing the

265

river at the Ten Inlands, leaving behind me my baggage wagons
r retard my progress; and encamped thatmght
-lit' the fori 1 had set out to relieve. At midnight
I d receive I. by an Indian runner, a letter from general White,
Tiling me thai he had received my order, but that he had
altered hie course, and was on his march backwards to join major
general Cocke, near the mouth of Chatuga. I will not now re-
i % upon the strangeness of this manouvre ; but it was now too
I ui\ plan, or make any new arrangements; and

i 3 and 4 o'clock, I re-comraenced my march to meet the
i., Iiu were encamped within a quarter of a mile of the fort.
At s m- came within half a mile of them, and having formed

my men, ! move I on in battle order. The infantry were in three
line — the militia on the left, and the volunteers on the right. The
cavalry formed the two extreme wings, and were ordered to ad-
vance in a curve, keeping their rear connected with the advance
ol their infantry' lines, and enclose the enemy in a circle. The
advanced guard whom I sent forward to bring on the engagement,
met the i of the enetnj With great intrepidity : and having

poured i n them four or h ■<• vei j j» tiling rounds, fell back as they

nail been previously ordered, t<> the mam army. The enemy pur-
sued, and the from I • - bow ordered to advance and meet
him ; but owing to - i le misunderstanding, a few companies of
i i !, who composed a part of it, commenced a retreat. At
this moment a corps of cavalry, commanded by lieutenant colonel
Dyer, which I had kept as a reserve, was unified to dismount,
and till up the vacancy occasioned by the retreat. This order
ed with a great deal <>f promptitude and effect. The
militia, seeing this, speedily rallied ; and the lire became genera]
alonu the front line, and on that part of the wings which was con-
tiguous. The enemy, unable to stand it, began to retreat; but
met at every turn, and repulsed in every direction. The
right wing chased them with a most destructive fire to the moun-
tain- a distance of about three miles — and had I not been com-
pelled by the faux pas of the militia in the outset of the battle, to
dismount my reserve, 1 believe not a man of them would have
iped. The victory however was very decisive — 290 of the
enemy were left dead— and there can be no doubt but many more
w ere killed who were not found. Wherever they ran they left be-
hind them traces of blood ; and it is believed that very few will
return to their villages in as sound a condition as they left them.
I was compelled to return to this place to protect the sick and
woumh-d, and gel my baggage on.

In the engagement \\ elost 15 killed and 85 wounded — 2 of them
have since died. All the officers acted with the utmost bravery,
and so did all the privates except that part of the militia who re-
treated at the commencement of the battle — and they hastened
to attone for their error. Taking the whole together, they hav*-

26G

realized the high expectations I had formed of them, and have
fairly entitled themselves to the gratitude of their country.

ANDREW JACKSON-

His excellency Willie Blount, Nashville.

CAMP, NEAR CORNWALL, November 12th, 181S-

SIR,

I have the honour to report to you, that yesterday, while the
rear division of the army, consisting; of detachments from the 1st,
3d, and 4th brigades, and placed under my command to protect
the flotilla from the enemy, that hung on our rear, was under arms
in order to move, agreeably to your orders, down the bank of the
St. Lawrence, a report was brought to me from the rear guard,
that a bodv of about 200 British and Indians had advanced into
the woods that skirted our rear. General Swartwout, with the
4th brigade, was immediately ordered to dislodge them ; general
Covington, with the 3d brigade, at the same time, directed to be
within supporting distance. General Swartwout dashed into the
woods, and with the 21st infantry, (a part of his brigade) after a
short skirmish, drove them back to the position of their main body.
Here he was joined by general Covington. The enemy had judi-
ciously chosen his ground among the ravines, which every where
intersected the extensive plain, and discharged a heavy and
galling tire upon our advanced columns. No opposition or obsta-
cle, however, checked their ardour. The enemy retired. for more
than a mile before their resolute and repeated charges. During
this time, the detachment of the 1st brigade under colonel Coles,
whose greater distance from the scene of action retarded its arri-
val, rapidly entered the field. Being directed to attack the ene-
my's left flank, this movement was promptly and bravely executed
amid a shower of musketry and shrapnel! shells. The fight now
became more stationary, until the brigade first engaged, having
ev ended all their ammunition, were directed to retire to a more
defensible position to wait for a re-supply. This movement so
disconnected the line as to render it expedient for the first brigade
likewise to retire. It should be remarked, that the artillery,
excepting two pieces under captain Irvine, attached to the rear
division, which from the nature of the ground, and the circuitous
route they had to take, were likewise much retarded in their
arrival, did not reach the ground until the line, for want oi
ammunition, J^ad already began to fall back. When they v ere
arranged, in doing which I was assisted by the skill of colonel
Swift, of the engineers, their fire was sure and destructive. When
the artillery was finally directed to retire, having to cross a deep,
ami excepting in one place, (to artillery) impassable ravine, one
piece was unfortunately lost. The falf of its gallant commander,
lieutenant Smith, and most of his men, may account for this

267

accident. In the death of tliis young man, the army has lost one
of 'it* most pro lising officers.

The -'| i idron of i M regiment of dragoons, under major
Woodford, was early on the field, and much exposed to the ene-
my"* Qre, bat the nature of the ground, and the position of his
line, did not admit <>f those successful! charges, which their disci-
pline and ardour, under more favourable circumstances, are
ilal d to make. Tlie reserve, under colonel Upham* and
major Malcolm, did not arrive from the boats in time to partici-
pate in but a -mall part of the action ; but the activity and /.eal
they displayed while engaged, evinced the benefit that might have
■I derived from their earlier assistance.

The whole of the line was now re-formed on the borders of
those woods from which the enemy had first been driven ; when,
night coming on and the storm returning, and conceiving that the
object von had in view, which was to beat back the enemy that
would retard oar junction with the main bodj below, to have been
accomplished, the troops were directed to return to the ground
near the flotilla; which movement was executed in good order,
and without molestation from the enemy.

I cannot close mj representation of this battle, without indulg-
ing in a few remarks upon those officers, whose conduct will
give a charat tef to the conflit t of this day. General Covington,
whose readiness to enter the field was an earnest of" his subse-
quent activity, received a mortal wound, while leading his men
on to a successful charge. 1 1 is troops >till feeling the effects of
bis gallant example, continued to advance long after their brave
commander had fallen. Hi* fate will perpetuate the memory of the
plain which has been crimsoned by his blood. Colonel Preston
was severely wounded, while nobfy fighting at the head of his
regiment. The universal sympathy which is excited by the hon-
ourable misfortune of this amiable officer, attests the estimation
which is entertained of his talents as a soldier, and his virtues as
a man. Major Cumming, with whose military merits and exer-
tions I have long been acquainted, met with a similar fate while
leading to a charge, and undiscouraged by the wound continued
to advance, until lossof blood obliged him to retire. Many pla-
toon officers received disabling or slight wounds in the honour-
able discharge of their duty, a report of whose names and merits
I have directed the several chiefs of brigades to make to me, in
order that I ma\ transmit it to you. It is with great satisfaction
I acknowledge my warmest approbation of the gallantry and
zeal which was constantly displayed throughout this eventful day,
by brigadier general Swartwout, and colonel Coles, who com-
manded the detachment of the 1st brigade.

After the fall of general Covington, colonel Pierce, on
whom the command of the 3d brigade devolved, conducted with

♦Colonel Upham was not in this action. His boat had shoved off and was
ten miles from the scene of action when the battle commenced. It wasmajor
Malcolm who headed the reserve and decided the conflict.

26S

his characteristic coolness and valour. In speaking of the other
numerous '"ield officers who participated in this battle, colonel*
Gaines and 'Ripley, lieutenant colonel Aspinwall, and majors
Morgan, Grafton and Gardner, their equal claim to applause for-
bids the invidioustask of discrimination, I find a pleasure like-
wise in acknowledging the eminent service I derived from the
experience and activity of adjutant general colonel Walback ;
from the assistance of inspector general, colonel Johnson, and
assistant adjutant generals, majors Beebe and Chambers ; the
latter was wounded in the honourable discharge of his duty. In
addition to these acknowledgments, a sense of justice, as
well as personal friendship, induces me to express my entire ap-
probation of the conduct of lieutenant Henry Whiting, my aid-
de-camp, who was in this instance, as he has been during the whole
campaign, my zealous and brave assistant. Lieutenant Worth,
aid-de-camp to major general Lewis, led by a laudable ambition,
left the flotilla, and volunteered his acceptable services tome on
the field.

Permit me now to add, sir, that though the result of this action
was not so brilliant and decisive as I could have wished, and the
first stages of it seemed to promise, yet when it is recollected that
the troops had long been exposed to hard privations and fatigues,
to inclement storms from which they could have no shelter; that
the enemv were superior to us in numbers, and greatly superior
in position, and supported by 7 or 8 heavy gun boats; that the
action being unexpected, was necessarily commenced without
much concert ; that we were, by unavoidable circumstances, long
deprived of our artillery; and that the action was warmly and
obstinately contested for more than three hours, during which
there were but a few short cessations of musketry and cannon ;
when all these circumstances are recollected, perhaps this day
may be thought to have added some reputation to the American
arms. And if ♦ i this occasion, you shall believe me to have
done my duty, and accomplished any one of your purposes, I
shall be satisfied.

Allow me to adjoin my regret, which is felt in common with the
army, that the severity of your indisposition deprived us of your
presence on this occasion. The adjutant general has been direct-
ed to furnish a report of ihe killed, wounded, and the casualties.,
I have the honour to be, &c.

JOHN P. BOYD, Brig. Gen. Comdg.
Major general Wilkinson.

HEAD QUARTERS, NEAR CORNWALL, (U. C.)

November 12th, 1813.
SIR,

I this day had the honour to receive your letter of the 8th.
instant, by colonel Atkinson, and ivant language to express my

2G0

sororw for your determination not to join the division under your
command with the troops under my immediate orders.

As such resolution defeats the grand objects of the carapaigu
in this quarter, which, before the receipt of your letter, were,
thought to be completely within our power, no suspicion being
entertained that you would decline the junction directed, it will
oblige us to take post at French Mills, on Salmon river, or in their
vicinity, for the winter.

I have the honour to be, &c.

JAMES WILKINSON.
Major general Hampton.

Extract from the general order of general Wilkinson, of No-
vember IZth, 1813.

" The troops are to embark without loss of time ; yet are not
to be harried in leaving the Canadian shore, from whence the
commander in chief is compelled to retire by the extraordinary,
unexampled, and, it appears, unwarrantable conduct of major
general Hampton, in refusing to join this army with a division of
4,000 men under his command, agreeably to positive order* from
the commander in chief, and u he baa been assured by the Se-
eretars of War, of explicit instructions from the war department.

"Thus deprived of a large portion of his promised force, the
commander in chief feels himself bound by a sense of regard to
this meritorious corps, and of >acred duty to the United States,
to spare the lives of brave men, and not to hazard the character
or interest of the nation, by an unequal conflict. He, with lively
regret and the deepest mortification, suspends the attack on Mon-
treal. But he assures the army that it is not abandoned."

HEAD QUARTERS, NEWARK, November 15th, 1S13.

DEAR SIR, , .„;.,-.

Being ordered to return to the westward, you will be pleased
to resume the command which you received previous to my arri-
val at this pace.

The orders which you heretofore have received will govern you.
It will be necessary that you keep a vigilant eye over the dis-
affected part of the inhabitants, and I recommend that you make
use of the zeal, activity, and local knowledge which colonel
Willcocks certainly possesses to counteract the machinations ot
our enemy, and ensure the confidence of our friends, anions the
inhabitants. It will, however, I am persuaded, be your wish, as it is
your duty, to guard the latter as much as possible from oppression.

The volunteers which were lately called out will be retained
as long as you consider their services necessary ; the dratted mi-
litia, until further orders are received from the Secretary of war.

270

There can be little doubt of its being the intention of the
enemy to send the greater part of the troops, which they have at
Burlington and York, to Kingston, and to make York the
right of their line. They may, however, have a small command
at Burlington, and those may be so securely posted as to render
them safe from any desultory expedition you may set on foot;
but it is desirable to have any supplies which they may have
collected in the neighborhood destroyed ; and should the success
below be not such as to promise possession of the whole of the
Upper Province, may be destroyed.

Captains Leonard and Reed, or either of them, are appointed to
muster your troops, when and where you think proper.

In closing this communication, I should not do justice to my
feelings, if I were not to acknowledge the zeal and talents with
•which you have managed your command. Your conduct appears
to me to have been extremely judicious and proper throughout,
and your troops exhibit a state of improvement and subordination
which is at once honourable to your officers and themselves.

I am, &c.

WILLIAM IL HARRISON.

Brigadier general George M'Clure.

HEAD QUARTERS, FRENCH MILLS, ADJOINING THE PROVINCE

OF LOWER CANADA, November 16th, 1813.

SIR,

I beg leave to refer you to the journal which accompanies this
letter, for the particulars of the movements of the corps under
my command, down the St. Lawrence, and will endeavour to exert
my enfeebled mind to detail to you the more striking and impor-
tant incidents which have ensued my departure from Grenadier
Island, at the foot of Lake Ontario, on the 3d instant.

The corps of the enemy from Kingston, which followed me,
hung on my rear, and in concert with a heavy galley, and a few
gun -boats, seemed determined to retard my progress. I was
strongly tempted to halt, turn about, and put an end to his
teasing ; but, alas ! I was confined to my bed : major general Lewis
was too ill for any active exertion ; and above all, I did not dare
i- myself to be diverted a single clay from the prosecution of
the views of government. I had written major general Hampton
on the 6th instant by his adjutant general colonel King, and had
ordered him to form a junction with me on -the St. Lawrence,
which I expected would take place on the 9th or 10th. It would
have been unpardonable had I lost sight of this object a moment,
as! deemed it of vital importance to the issue of the campaign.

The enemy deserve credit for their zeal and intelligence, which
theactive universal hostility of the male inhabitants of the coun-
try enable them to employ to the greatest advantage. Thus,
while menaced by a respectable force in rear, the coast was lined

271

bv musketry in front, at every critical pass of the river, -which
obliged me to march a detachment, and this impeded my pro-
gress.

On the evening of the 9th instant, the army halted a few miles
of the head of the Longue Sauk In the morning of the 10th, -
the inclosed order was issued. General Brown marched agree-
ably to order, and about noon we were apprized, bv the report of
his artillery, that he was engaged some distance below us. At
the aame time the enemy were observed in our rear, and their
galley and gun -boats approached our flotilla, and opened a fire on
u-, which obliged me to order a battery of 18 pounders to be
planed, and a shot from it compelled the vessels of the enemy to
retire, together with their troops, after some firing between the
advanced parties. But by this time, in consequence of disem-
ing and re-embarking the heavy guns, the day was so far
spent, that our pilots did ii .:t dare enter the Saut, (8 miles a con-
tinual rapid) and therefore v.e fell down about two miles and
came to for the night. Early the next morning every thing was
in readiness for motion ;but having received no intelligence from,
general Brown, I was still delayed, as sound caution prescribed 1
should learn the result of his affair, before 1 committed the flotilla
to the Saut. At half past 10 o'clock A. M. an officer of dragoons
arrived with a letter in which the general informed me he had
forced the enemy, and would reach the foot of the Saut early in
the day. Orders were immediately given for the flotilla to sail,
at which instant (lie enemy's gun-boats appeared, and began to
throw shot among u>. Information was brought me at the same
time, from brigadier general Boyd, thai the enemy's troops were
advancing in column. 1 immediately sent orders to him to attack
them ; this report was soon contradicted. Their mm boats how-
ever contin I ratch us, and a variety of reports of their
move nents and countermoyements were bn i o me in succes-
sion ; which convinced me of tl /.aid an
atta> k, when it could be done to the greatest advantage, and
therefore I determined to anticipate them. Directions were ac-
cordingly sent, by that" distinguished officer colonel Swift, of the
engineers, to brigadier general Boyd, to throw the detachment of
his Command, assigned to him in the order of the preceding day,
and composed of men of his own, Covington's and Swartvyout'a
brigades, into 3 columns, to march upon the enemy, out-flank
them if possible, and take their artillery. The action soon after
Commenced v ith the advanced body of the enemy, and became
extremely sharp and galling, and, with occasional pauses, was
sustained witH great vivacity, in open space and fair combat, for
Upwards of two and a hall hours; the adverse lines alterna
yielding and advancing. It is impossible to say with accuracy
what was our number on the field, because it consisted of indefi-
nite detachments aken from the boats, to render safe the passage
of the Saut, Brigadier generals Covington and. Swartwout volun-

larilv took part in the action, at the head of detachments from their
respective brigades, and exhibited the same courage that was
displayed by brigadier general Boyd, who happened to be the
Benior officer on thegrounxL Our force engaged might have reach-
ed 16 or 1,700 men, but certainly did not exceed 1,800 ; that of the
enemy was estimated at from 1,200 to 2,000, but did not probably
amount to more than 15 or 1,600, consisting, as I am informed, of
detachments from the 49th, 84th, and 104th regiments of the line,
with three companies of the Voltigeur and Glengary corps, and
the militia of the country, who are not included in the estimate.

It would be presumptuous in me to attempt to give you adetail-
ed account of this affair, which certainly reflects high honour on
the valour of the American soldier, as no example can be produced
of undisciplined men, with inexperienced officers, braving a fire
of two hours and a half, without quitting the field or yielding to
their antagonists. But, sir, the information I now give you is
derived from officers of my confidence, who took active parts in
this conflict; for though I was enabled to order the attack, it was
my hard fortune not to be able to lead the troops I commanded.
The disease with which 1 was assailed on the 2d of September,
on my journey to Fort George, having, with a few short intervals
of convalescence, preyed on me ever since, and at the moment of
this action I was confined to my bed and emaciated almost to a
skeleton, unable to sit on my horse, or to move ten paces without
assistance.

I must, however, be pardoned for trespassing on your time a
few remarks in relation to the affair. The objects of the British
and American commanders were precisely opposed ; the last being
bound, by the instructions of his government and most solemn
obligations of duty, to precipitate his descent of the St. Lawrence
by e\ ti s practicable means ; because this being effected, one of the
greatest difficulties opposed to the American army would be sur-
mounted; and the first, by duties equally imperious, to retard,
and, if possible, prevent such descent. He is to be accounted
victorious who effected his purpose! The British commander
having failed to gain either ot his objects, can lay no claim to the
honours of the day. The battle fluctuated, and triumph seemed,
different times, inclined to the contending corps. The front
ol the enemy was at first forced back more than a mile, and,
though the) never regained the ground thus lost, their stand was
permanent, ami their charges resolute. Amidst these charges, and
near the close of the contest, we lost a field piece by the fall of
the officer who was serving it with the same coolness as if he
had been at a parade of review. This was lieutenant Smith, of the
light artillery, who in point of merit stood at the head of his grade.
I he enemy having halted, and our troops being again formed in
battalion, limit i<> front, and the firing ceased on both sides, we
resumed our position on the bank of the river, and the infantry
being much fatigued, (he whole were re-embarked, and proceed

273.

eil down the river without further annoyance from the enemy or
their gun-boats, while the dragoons, with five pieces of artillery,
marched down the Canada shore without molestation.

It is due to his rank, to his worth, and his services, that I
should make particular mention of brigadier general Covington,
win) received a mortal wound directly through the body, while
animating his men and leading them to the charge. He fell,
where he fought, at the head of his men, and survived but two days.

The next morning the^flotilla passed through the Saut, and
joined that excellent officer, brigadier general Broun, at Bard-
hart'S, near Cornwall, where he had been instructed to take post
and wait my arrival, and where I confidently expected to hear of
major general Hampton's arrival on the opposite shore. But
immediately after I halted, colonel Atkinson, the inspector gene-
ral of the division under major general Hampton, waited on me
with a letter from that officer, in which, to my unspeakable morti-
fication and surprise, he declined the junction ordered, and in-
formed me he was marching towards lake Champlain, bv way of
co-operating in the proposed attack on Montreal. This letter,
together with a copy of that to which it is an answer, were imme-
diately submitted to a council of war, composed of my general
officers and the colonel commanding the elite, the chief engineer
and the adjutant general, who unanimously gave it as their opin-
ion , that " the attack on Montreal should be abandoned for the
present season, and the army near Cornw all should be immediately
Crossed to the American shore for taking up winter quarters, and
that this place afforded an eligible position for such quarters."

I acquiesced in these opinions, not from the shortness of the
stock of provisions, (which had been reduced by the acts of God)
because that of our meat had been increased 5 days, and our
bread had been reduced only two days, and because we could, in
case of extremity, had lived on the enemy ; but because the loss of
the division under major general Hampton, weakened my force too
sensibly to justify the attempt. In all my measures and move-
ments of moment, I have taken the opinions of my general officers,
which have been in accord with my own.

I remained on the Canada shore until the next day, without
seeing or hearing from the " powerful force" of the enemy in
our neighborhood, and the same day reached this position with the
artillery and infantry. The dragoons have been ordered toUtica
and its vicinity, and I expect are 50 or 60 miles on the march.

You have under cover a summary abstract of the killed and
wounded in the affair of the 11th instant, which shall soon be
followed by a particular return, in which a just regard will be
paid to individual merits. The dead rest in honour, and the
wounded bled for their country and deserve its gratitude.

I have the honour to be, &c.

JAMES WILKINSON,
ro »lie Secretary of War.

274

Return of the killed and wounded of a detachment of the army of
the United States descending the St. Lawrence river, under the
commandof major general James ft Hkinson,in an action fought
at Williamsburgh, in Upper Canada, on the llth of Nov. 1813.

K.ILLJED — Subalterns, 3; sergeants, 7; corporals, 3 ; musicians,
1; privates, 83 : Total, 102. Wounded — Brigadier general, 1 ;
assistant adjutant general, 1 ; aid-de-camp, 1 ; colonel, 1 ; major, 1 ;
captains, 5 ; subalterns, 6 ; sergeants, 9 ; corporals, 13 ; musicians,
1 ; privates, 193 : Total, 237. Total, killed and wounded, 339.

Names of the Commissioned Officers Killed and Wounded.

Killed — Liutenant William W. Smith, of the light artillery;
David Hunter, 12th infantry; Edward Olm stead, 16th, ditto.
Wounded — Brigadier general Leonard Covington, mortally, since
dead ; major Talbot Chambers, assistant adjutant general, slightly ;
major Darby Noon, aid-de-camp to brigadier general Swartwout,
slightly ; colonel James P. Preston, of the 23d infantry, severely,
his right thigh fractured; major William Cummings, 8th regiment,
severely ; captain Edmund Foster, 9th ditto, slightly ; captain
David S. Townsend, do. do. severely ; captain Mordecai Myers,
13th do. do. ; captain John Campbell, do. do. slightly; captain
John P. Murdock, 25th do. do. ; lieutenant William S. Heaton,
llth do, severely; lieutenant John Williams, 13th do. slightly;
lieutenant John Lynch,* 14th do. severely ; lieutenant Peter Pel-
ham,* 21st do. do.; lieutenant James D. Brown, 2.5th do. slightly;
lieutenant Archibald E. Crary, do. do. severely, in the skirmish
the day before the action.

Adj. Gen's. Office, H. Q. Military district No. 9, French Mills, Nov. 1813.

T. B. WALBACK, Adj. Gen.

N. B. Colonel Preston commanded the 13th regiment of infan-
try during the action ; and major Cummings did duty with the
16th regiment infantry in the action.

Extract of a letter from general Wilkinson, to the Secretary of

War, dated

"FRENCH MILLS, November 17th, 1813.

' After what has passed between us, you can perhaps conceive
m\ amazement and chagrin atthe conduct of major general Hamp-
ton. The game was in view, and, had he performed the junction.
directed, would have been ours in eight or ten days. But he
chose to recede, in order to co-operate, and my dawning hopes,
ind the hopes and honour of the army were blasted,"

'Taken ptUOnei

276

COLONEL PURDY'S REPORT

To major general Wilkinson, of the action at Chataugay, §c
transmitted by the general to the Secretary of War.

I arrived at Cumberland head September 16th, 1813, and
on the 18thtO')k command of the 4th regiment of infantry, sta-
tioned at that place. The army, consisting; of about 4000 men,
was composed principally of recruits who had been but a short
time in the service, and had not been exercised with that rigid
discipline so essentially necessary to constitute the soldier. They
had indeed been taught various evolutions, but a spirit of subordi-
nation was foreign to their views. On the 19th, orders issued for the
whole army, except a squadron of horse and the artillery embarked,
in batteaux. The army got under weigh, preceded by the light
corps, and Hanked on the right by the navy, and arrived at Chesy
at 12 o'clock at night, lay on their arms, embarked again soon
after sun-rise the next morning, proceeded down the lake as far
a^ Champlain, and up Champlain river the distance of four miles,
where we landed, and immediately marched to Odletown. The
light corps who preceded the other troops some hours, surprised
and defeated a guard of the enemy at that place. We remained
at Odletown until the middle of the next dav, during which time
a want of system in the management of the army was readily dis-
covered by every military man, that led to apprehensions for the
safety of the troops, should the enemy oppose with any consider-
able force. The army returned to Champlain on the 21st, the 22d
to Chesy, and the day following commenced the route to Chatau-
gay. The whole of this march, a distance of more than 70 miles,
was very disagreeable: the officers were not permitted to take
with them the necessaries, much less the conveniences of life,
and were compelled to abandon clothing and other things essen-
tially necessary to preserve the body in health. We forbore com-
plaint, enduring every privation, presuming the commanding
officer had sufficient reasons for his conduct, and concluding it
was pro bono publico. The scene has passed, and time sufficient
has elapsed to have discovered those reasons, had they existed.
None have been found : on the contrary, circumstances have demon-
strated that it was a useless and unnecessary sacrifice of both pub-
lic and private property. The army remained at Chataugay 26
davs, and on the 21st October commenced an excursion into the
enemy's country. The first brigade followed the course of the
Chataugay river to Spear's, the distance of 18 miles and upwards,
and there met the second brigade, which had tai-en a nearer and
more convenient route. The march was very fatiguing, equalled
only bv another that soon followed. Credit is due to both the officers
and soldiers for their orderly conduct, patience and perseverance,
in surmounting the incredible obstacles the enemy threw in their
way. On the 25th, a difficult fatiguing expedition' was planned,
atid the execution of it assigned to the first brigade, which had

276-

t'ov some time previous, and still remained, under my command.
The design was to cut oft* the retreat of a body of the enemy,
supposed to be encamped en the banks of the Chataugay, 6 miles
distance. With this intention the first brigade was ordered across
the nver at night, marched silently down, and re-cross at a ford
two miles below theenemy, and attack them in rear, giving a pre-
concerted signal, uhile the second brigade moved down the road
in front. We commenced the march at sun-down, and by sun-rise
the next morning had gained only 6 miles. Here we were dis-
covered bv the enemy and fired on from the opposite side of the
river. During that night we wfcre repeatedly misled by the
guides, who knew nothing of the country, having never been that
way, and at the time we were attacked, they had led us into a
thick cedar growth or swamp on the banks of the river and imme-
diately opposite the enemy's position, and knew not how to ex-
tricate us. Incredible as it may appear, general Hampton en-
trusted nearly one half of his army, and those his best troops, to
the guidance of men, each of whom repeatedly assured him that
they were not acquainted with the country, and were not competent
to direct such an expedition.

At the same time general Hampton told me he had a man by
the name of Smith, who had a perfect knowledge of the country,
and whom he promised to send me, but which he neglected to do.
The defeat of the expedition was the consequence of this neglect
of the major general. About l2 o'clock, while receiving an order
from colonel King, adjutant general, upon the opposite side of
the river, to march back 4 miles and there ford the river and
join the second brigade, the enemy made a furious attack on the
column bv a great discharge of musketry, accompanied by the
yells of the savages. Unfortunately, the word "retreat," was
heard, which for a short time spread confusion among the several
corps. A sufficient number, however, remained firm, and the
enemv was soon compelled to retire. Towards sun-down 1 sent
general Hampton a request, that a regiment might be ordered
down to cover my landing on the opposite side of the river ; but
judge my surprise, on receiving intelligence that he had retreated,
icith the second brigade, nearly three miles. Thus was I deserted
without the smallest guard to cover mv landing. To what cause
shall it be attributed, that the general ordered a retreat, and that
tooal the moment when the presence of the second brigade was
required, or could be useful, as soon afterwards he declared
"he should be willing to compound with the first brigade for 500
men." The wounded had previously been conveyed across on
rafts, which made a removal of my brigade to that side absolute-
ly necessary for iheir protection. An attempt was accordingly
made, and a floating bridge soon constructed of old logs, found
on the margin ol the river* The enemy discovering our dispo-
sition, commenced firing from the opposite side, and killed several
while crossing. Major knelling, with about 100 men, effected a

377

landing, and joined the main bod v. The remainder of my force,
exhausted bv the excessive exertions of the preceding night, and
weary with the fatigues of the day, not having had a m< uent
either for test or refreshment, were compelled to endure the
privation of sleep another night. We retired two or three miles
and took a position. At about 12 o'clock the enemy came up
and made an attack upon us, but were soon routed. The men at
this time were formed and lying on the ground they were to oc-
cupy, in case of an attack, and were ordered to, and did, imme-
diately rise, seize their arms, and remain under them the residue
of die night. An excessively heavy rain prevented the firing both
of the enemy and ourselves except occasionally a single gun from
the former. Our troops were ordered not to fire, but in case of a
repetition of attack to charge bayonets — this was accordingly done.
The enemy charged several times, and as often were put to flight.
It is observable in this place, that so greatly were the men over-
powered by fatigue, though in a situation every way dangerous,
and in which they had every reason to believe they should be
sallied upon bv the enemy every moment, many were unable to
conquer their disposition to sleep, and it was not in the power
of the officers to keep them awake. It was on the morning of
this last attack, that the general expressed his apprehensions for
the fir?t brigade, and made the declaration above quoted. The
next morning we crossed the river and joined general Hampton;
on the 28th the army retreated 4 miles, and on the 50th and 31st
marched back to Chataugay. The troops at the times of the attack
wore not in a situation to endure further fatigue — and it is an in-
dubitable fact, that many of them were so debilitated they were
unable to proceed with the brigade on its march from the place of
it- last attack, and actually did not reach the main body until the
day after the brigade had joined it, and some not even until the
army had reached the Four Corners of Chataugay.

•\Vm- to my knowledge, during our march into Canada, and
n-hile ue remained ai the Four Corners,a term of twenty-six days,
did general Hampton ever send off a scout ing or reconnoitring
party (except in one or two cases at Spear's in Canada, when he
detached a few dragoon* for this duty) ; nor did he, from the time
we commenced our march from Cumberland Head to our arrival
at Pittsburgh, ever order a front flank; or rear guard, to be kept
up, though a great part of the time we were in situations that
evidently required it. True it is, these guards were occasionally
sent out, not, however, by his order, but by the orders of the
officers commanding brigade-.

By a general order, dated Chataugay, November 5th, the gene-
ral Bays.he has paid the first attention to the sick, and has granted
them indulgences which created murmurings on the part of some
officers at their posts. It is only necessary here to observe, that
©very officer of the army can testify that the sick were very much
neglected, as far as regards comfortable quarters and transporta-

278

liou, and that they were strewed along the roads through which
w e marched, without care or attendance ; and it is presumable that
uiaiiv have died in consequence of this, who might have been
saved to themselves, if not to the service. The general, indeed,
at the time this order was issued, which was after our return to
the Four Coiners, did order transportation for the sick to Bur-
lington, but this is the only instance to my knowledge.

The commissary's department is worthy of notice. My order
for provision was not sufficient; nor could I obtain any but by
special license of general Hampton. The commissary of issues
has been constantly in the habit of selling the livers, &c. of the
beeves to officers ; and though I represented this to general
Hampton as unusual and improper, he refused to take any other
notice of it than saying, "the commissary is accountable for all
parts of the beef, even to a pound or ounce of tallow:" nor did he
take any notice of another piece of misconduct of the commis-
sary, that of acting in the capacity of suttler, but sanctioned it by
|i'n chasing of him.

The common practices with general Hampton, of arresting offi-
cers and releasing them without the knowledge or consent of the
officers by whom they were arrested, (the case of lieutenant Morris,
of the SSd regiment, who was arrested by me on the charge of
cowardice and misconduct before the enemy, on the 26th October,
i - i... the time of the skirmish with the enemy at Ormstown, or
Chataugay river, being an instance); of refusing to arrest officers
whom I reported to him as having deserted their posts in time of
on : of daily issuing orders and countermanding them; and
u| interfering in an improper manner with subordinate com-
inands of the army, as a reference to the orders issued by him
will show, mark very strongly the capriciousness of his conduct
and the total want of steadiness in his intentions.

Such has been the general's conduct on some occasions, that I
have, in common with other officers, been induced to believe that he
under the influence of a too free use of spirituous liquors.

1 must, in justice to general Hampton, say, that the expedition
lie planned, and which I have called "difficult and fatiguing," did,
at the time it was suggested to me by him, meet my full appro-
ion, and that I have since no reason for changing my opini-
on oi its practicability or usefulness, but I must also say that it
required competent guides, and these (as I said before) he pro-
mised to furnish me, but did not.

I am ul opinion no officer that has served under major general
Hampton, on the late campaign, can, or will, contradict this state -

ROBERT PURDY, Col. 4th Inf.

\ true copy,

R. H. M'Pheusox,

Captain cjj' Secretary.

of Jlmt . in Quebec.

Extract of a letter .WDonough, commanding tji?

United State*' > .ike Champlain, to the Secretary

of the J\*auy, <

i'TSBURG BAY, November 23d, 1813.

"Accompany. che voluntary statement of Abraham

Walter, who was p I one of the sloops taken last summer

He has made his escape from Quebec ; anil after a severe journey
of ten days, reported himself to me yesterday."

Affidavit of Abraham Walter, pilot of the United States' sloop

Growler, on lake Champlain, viz.
State of New York, >
Clinton County, $ SS'

Abraham Walter, formerly pilot of the sloop of war Growler,
on lake Champlain, being duly sworn, deposeth and saith, that he
was employed on board that sloop when i't was taken by the Bri-
tish in June last ; that after the sloops Growler and Eagle were
Surrendered, the prisoners, both officers and sailors, were taken
to Quebec, where they were immediately confined on board a pri-
son ship; there they were -examined by a public officer or exa-
miner, and about eight or ten of the prisoners declared to be
British subjects ; these were immediately separated from the rest,
and put on board a man of war and sent to England, to be tried
for treason. One of these was known to be a native of New-
Hampshire by captain Herrick, of the New Hampshire volunteers,
who was also a prisoner, and who had known him from his infancy
and several of the rest were declared by others of their acquain-
tance to be native citizens of the United' States. These represen-
tations were unavailing with the British officers who commanded,
and they were torn thus from their companions to defend them-
selves against the charge of treason in England.

The residue were still confined in their prison ships, in a situ-
ation more disagreeable than can well be imagined.

Sometime after, a number of British vessels were wishingto pro-
seed to Halifax, the crews of which had mostly been pressed out of
them to fight the American forces on the upper lakes, and seamen
were wanted to supply their places. Governor Prevost sent au
order to general Glascow, who then commanded there, direc
him to proceed on board the prison-ship and to induce the prison-
ers to volunteer to man their fleet for Halifax ; and in case I
refused to comply, to force them on board for that purpose. The
application was made; but the American ; rs, considering

the measure unjustifiable towards their own government, refused
to volunteer, and were accordingly forced on board the vessels by
a British press-gang, whore this deponent understood they

•

quarters assigned them, > cpn: pelled toassistin navigating

British vessels to Halifi vards to England, as this

deponent has since been i* • 1 ; and further, that not one sea-

man v. ho was a prisoner thet u d from this proceeding.

Ami this deponent further Jth, thai in the beginning of the
present month of November, an is received in conformity

to the prince regent's proclamat'n seize 46 American officers

and non -commissioner! officers, w • were then prisoners of war,
and to imprison them, to be kept in close confinement, agreeably
to the tenor of that proclamation. Prisoners to that number, most.
of whom were officers there on their parole, many of them in a
delicate state of health, were immediately put under arrest, and
marched guarded to the public prison, and immured, for what
fate is to him unknown. Among those destined for close impri-
sonment, are lieutenant Smith, then in a declining state of health,
and Dr. James Wood, a citizen of Champlain, who was taken
from his home while he was in the employment of the revenue,
but, as this deponent believes, no way-connected with the army.
They were imprisoned on the 5th of November instant.

This deponent further saith, that the enemy has uniformly at
that place treated American prisoners, both officers and privates,
with extreme rigor ; that some time since an American midship*
man and two masters' mates, merely for having proceeded on a
party of pleasure, about half a mile beyond the limits assigned
them, were seized and put into prison, and kept in irons, till the
general imprisonment of officers and non-commissioned officers,
as above related, took place. And this deponent further saith, that
all that was allowed for the American prisoners on board the pri-
Bon-ship, was daily one pound of old wormy bread, which the inha-
bitants declared had been twice to the West Indies, and condemn-
ed lor spoiled bread, and one half pound of exceedingly bad meat,
which inalmosl anj ether situation would be absolutely not eatable;
no liquors ; no soap to prevent themselves from becoming lousy ; no
candles ; and none of the other comforts of life; and that it was
the opinion of all the prisoners that many of them had actually
starved to death, not being able to eat the provisions; and further,
thai immediately on the prince regent's proclamation being re-
ceived, colonel Gardner, the American agent there, who had been
occupied in paying off the sick and privates of the land service,
was immediately notified by governor Pievost, to consider himself
Confined to the same limits which were assigned for the officers at
Beaufort ; and when this deponent left that place, he was compell-
ed to remain with general Winchester and others, and was not
permitted to \i-it the prisoners who were in distress on board the
prison-shins, nor to visit the town to negotiate his bills for the
relief of the officers, and had already been obliged to share what
little private money he had with him among them for their tem-
poi;;,v relief. This deponent further saith, that he started from
the neighborhood of Quebec, and came by the way of Derby in

«81

Vef mont, and arrived at this place two days since ; and iurthir.
this deponent saith not.

ABRAHAM WALTER.
Sworn before me, this 23d day of November, 1813.

HENRY DELENY,
Qne of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, in and
for the county of Clinton.

THIRD VICTORY OVER THE CREEKS.

FORT ARMSTRONG, November 24th, 1812.
BEAR GENERAL,

In mine of the 19th instant, by major Outlaw, I promised you
a more detailed report, respecting the detachment ordered by you
to the Hillibee Towns, in the Creek nation. In compliance with
that promise, I have now the honour to state, that under your or-
der of the 11th instant, I immediately marched with the mounted
infantry under the immediate command of colonel Burch, the
cavalry under the command of major Porter, and a few of the Che-,
rokee Indians, under the command of colonel Morgan, with very
fehort rations for four days only. We continued our march to
Little Oakfuskie, when we fell in with and captured five hostile
Creek warriors, supposed to be spies. Finding no other Indians
at that place, we burned the town, which consisted of thirty
houses. We then proceeded to a town called Genalgo, and
burned the same, consisting of ninety-three houses ; thence we
proceeded to Nitty Choptoa, consisting of about twenty-five houses,
which I considered it most prudent not to destroy, as it might
possibly be of use at some future period. From thence we march-
ed to the Hillibee Town, consisting of about twenty houses, ad-
joining which was Grayson's farm. Previous to our arrival at
that place, I was advised that a party of the hostile Creeks was-
assembled there. Having inarched within six or eight miles of it
on the evening of the 7th, I dismounted a part of the force under
my command, and sent them under the command of colonel Burch,
with the Cherokees under the command of colonel Morgan in ad-
vance,to surround the town in the night, and make the attack at day ~
light on the 18th. Owing to the darkness of the night, the town wa$
not reached until after day-light ; but so complete was the surprise,
that we succeeded in surrounding the town, and killing and captur-
ingalmost(if notentirely) the wholeof the hostileCreeks assembled
there, consisting of about 316, of which number about 60 warriors
were killed on the spot, and the remainder made prisoners. Before
the close of the engagement, my whole force was up and ready-
for action, had it become necessary; but owing to the want of
knowledge on the part of the Indians of our approach, they were
entirely killed and taken before they could prepare far anv eftV

282

lual defence. We lost not one drop of blood in accomplishing
Uiia enterprise. We destroyed this village, and, in obedience
to your orders, commenced our inarch for this post, which we
were unable to reach until yesterday. I estimate the distance
from this to Grayson's farm, at about 100 miles. The ground
over which we travelled is so rough and hilly, as to render a pas-
sage very difficult. Many defiles it was impossible to pass in
gaiety, without the greatest precaution. For a part of the time,
the weather was so very wet, being encumbered with prisoners,
and the troops and their horses having to subsist in a very great
degree upon such supplies as we could procure in the nation,
rendered our march more tardy than it otherwise would have
been.

The troops under my command have visited the heart of that
section of the Creek nation, where the Red Sticks were first dis-
tributed.

In justice to this gallant band, I am proud to state, that the
whole of the. officers and men under the command of colonel
Burch, performed their duty cheerfully and without complaint :
that from the cool, orderly and prompt manner in which major
Porter and the cavalry under his command, formed and conducted
themselves in every case of alarm, I had the highest confidence
in them ; colonel Morgan and the Cherokees under his command,
gave undeniable evidence that they merit the employ of their go-
vernment. In short, sir, the whole detachment under my com-
mand, conducted in such a manner as to enable me to assure you
that they are capable of performing any thing to which the same
number of men are equal.

It gives me pleasure to add, that Mr. M'Corry, who acted as
my aid in this expedition, rendered services that to me were
indispensable, to his country very useful, and to himself highly
honourable.

I have the honour to be, &c.

JAMES WHITE, Brigadier general.
<Major generaljohn Cocke.

Extract of a letter from major general Wilkinson to the Secretary

of War, dated

"FRENCH MILLS, November 24th, 1813.

" 1 have had the honour to receive your letter of the 15th instant
from Albany, and hope my despatches have reached you which
left this on the 17th.

" "With respect to the unfortunate issue of the campaign, I

disclaim the shadow of blame, because I know I have done my

duty, and more than my duty, and so do those with whom I have

M ted. lb general Hampton's outrage of every principle of sub-

283

ordination and discipline may be ascribed the failure of the expedi-
tion; and that I have not jet arrested him must be attributed to
my respect for you, and my desire that the arrest should proceed
from the highest authority ; for if this act be suffered to pass unno-
ticed and unpunished, it will establish a precedent to justify
disobedience and subvert those obligations of blind obedience, on
which the efficiency of military institutions exclusively depend.
" After our losses by deaths, desertions, and discharges since
we left Sackett's Harbor, I think we shall not be able to show you
more than 6000 men at this point, exclusive of the dragoons who
have been ordered to Grecnbush and Pittslield for convenience-
and economy."

FOURTH VICTORY OVER THE CREEKS.

CAMP, WEST CHATAHOUCHIE, December 4th, 1813.

SIR,

I have the honour to communicate to your excellency an ac-
count of an action fought on the 29th ultimo on the Talapoosie
river, between part of the force under my command, and a large
body of the Creek Indians.

Having received information that a number of the hostile Indi-
ans were assembled at Autossee, a town on the southern bank of
the Talapoosie, about 18 miles from the Hickory Ground, and 20
above the junction of that river with the Coosa, I proceeded to
its attack with 950 of the Georgia militia, accompanied by between
3 and 400 friendly Indians. Having encamped within nine or
ten miles of the point of destination the preceding evening, we
resumed the march a few minutes before one on the morning of
the 29th, and at half past six, were tormed for action in front
of the town.

Booth's battalion composed the right column, and marched from
its centre. Watson's battalion composed the left, and marched
from its right. Adams's rifle company and Meriwether's under
lieutenant Hendon, were on the flanks. Captain Thomas's artil-
lery marched in front of the right column in the road.

It was my intention to have completely surrounded the enemy
by appaying the right wing of my force on Canleebee creek, at
tlte mouth of which I was informed the town stood, and resting
the left on the river bank below the town, but to our surprise,' as
the day dawned, we perceived a second town about 500 yards
below that which we had first viewed and were preparing to
attack. The plan was immediately changed : three companies of
infantry on the left were wheeled into echellon, and advanced to
the lower town accompanied by Meriwether's rifle company and
two troops of light dragoons under the command of captains
Irwin and Steele.

284

The residue of the force approached the upper town, and the
battle soon became general. The Indians presented themselves
at every point, and fought with the desperate bravery of real fa-
natics. The well directed fire, however, of the artillery, added
to the charge of the bayonet, soon forced them to take refuge in
the out houses, thickets and copses in rear of the town ; many it
is believed concealed themselves in caves, previously formed for
the purpose of secure retreat in the high bluff of the river, which
was thickly covered with reed and brush wood. The Indians of
the friendly party, who accompanied us on the expedition, were
divided into four companies, and placed under the command of
leaders of their selection. They were, by engagement entered
into the day previous, to have crossed the river above the town
and been posted on the opposite shore during the action, for the
purpose of firing on such of the enemy as might attempt to escape,
or keep in check any reinforcement which might probably be
thrown in from the neighboring town ; but owing to the difficulty
of the ford and the coldness of the weather, and the lateness of
the hour, this arrangement failed, and their leaders were directed
to cross Canleebee creek and occupy that flank, to prevent es-
capes from the Tallassee town. Sometime after the action com-
menced, our red friends thronged in disorder in the rear of our
lines. The Cowetaws under M'Intosh, and Tookaubatchians un-
der Mad Dog's son, fell in on our flanks, and fought with an
intrepidity worthy of any troops.

At 9 o'clock the enemy was completely driven from the plain,
and the houses of both towns wrapped in flames. As we were
then 60 miles from any depot of provisions, and our five days'
rations pretty much reduced, in the heart of an enemy's country,
which in a few moments could have poured from its numerous
towns hosts of the fiercest warriors, as soon as the dead and
wounded were properly disposed of, I ordered the place to be
abandoned, and the troops to commence their march to Chata-
houchie.

It is difficult to determine the strength of the enemy ; but from,
the information of some of the chiefs, which it is said can be
relied on, there were assembled at Autossee warriors from eight
towns, for its defence, it being their beloved ground, on which
they proclaimed no white man could approach without inevitable
destruction. It is difficult to give a precise account of the loss of
the enemy ; but from the number which were lying scattered over
the field, together with those destroyed in the towns, and the many
slain on the bank of the river, which respectable officers affirm
they saw lying in heaps at the water's edge, where they had been
precipitated by their surviving friends, their loss in killed, inde-
pendent of their wounded, must have been at least 200, (among
whom were the Autossee and Tallassee kings) and from the cir-
cumstance of their making no efforts to molest our return, proba-
bly greater. The number of buildings burnt, some of a superior

285

order for the dwellings of savases, and filled with valuable articles,,
is supposed to be 400.

Adjutant general Newman rendered important services during
the action, by his cool and deliberate courage. My aid, major
Crawford, discharged with promptitude the duties of a brave and
ir°ritorious officer. Major Pace, who acted as field aid, also
distinguished himself; both these gentlemen had their horses
shot under them, and the latter lost his. Doctor Williamson,
hospital surgeon, and doctor Clopton, were prompt and attentive
in the discharge of their duty towards the wounded during the
action.

Major Freeman, at the head of Irwin's troop of cavalry, and
part of Steele's, made a furious and successful charge upon a
body of Indians, sabred several and completely defeated them :
captain Thomas and his company, captain Adams and lieutenant
Ilemlon's rifle companies killed a great many Indians, and de-
serve particular praise. Captain Barton's company was in the
hottest of the battle, and fought like soldiers. Captain Myrick,
captain Little, captain King, captain Broadnax, captain Cleveland,
captain Joseph T. Cunningham, and captain Lee, with their
companies, distinguished themselves. Brigadier general Shackle-
ford was of great service in bringing the troops into action ; and
adjutant Broadnax, and major Montgomery, who acted as assist-
ant adjutant, showed great activity and courage. Major Booth
used his best endeavors in bringing his battalion to action, and
major Watson's battalion acted with considerable spirit. Irwin's,
Patterson's, and Steele's troops of cavalry, whenever an opportu-
nity presented, charged with success. 'Lieutenant Strong had
his" horse shot and narrowly escaped, and quarter master Fennell
displayed the greatest heroism, and miraculously escaped, though
badly wounded, after having his horse shot from under him.
The topographical engineer was vigilant in his endeavours to
render service.

The troops deserve the highest praise for their fortitude in
enduring hunger, cold, and fatigue, without a murmur, having
marched 120 miles in 7 days.

The friendly Indians lost several killed and wounded, the
number not exactly known. Captain Barton, an active and intel-
ligent officer, (the bearer of these despatches) can more particu-
larly explain to your excellency the conduct, movements, and

operations of the army.

I have the honour to be, &c.

JOHN FLOYD, B. CI.

Major general Pinckney.

Killed and wounded in the action on the 29t/i of November, 1815.
Total killed, 11 ; wounded, 54.

•

2S6

Extract of a letter from brigadier general Izctrdto major gene rat

Wilkinson, dated

" PLATTSBURG, December 6th, 1813.

" There is an unavoidable delay in the returns of the regiments
of this division, proceeding from the extreme inexperience of the
officers of all grades, now with them ; almost every efficient
officer is either sick, or was furloughed by major general Hamp-
ton at the moment of his own departure : those that remain are
barely enough to perform the routine of duty in this canton-
ment."

Extract of a letter from general Wilkinson to the Secretary of

War, dated

MALONE, December 8th, 1813.

" The unavoidable delay of the express (as no reliance can be
placed in the mail from' this place) enables me to send you
the copy of a letter from general Izard, dated the 6th instant,
which exhibits additional expositions of the pernicious and un-
warrantable conduct of major general Hampton. I will not charge
this man with traitorous designs, but I apprehend, in any other
government, a military officer who first defeated the object of a
campaign bv disobedience of orders, and then, without authority,
furloughed all the efficient officers of the division he commanded
on a national frontier, in the vicinity of an enemy, would incur
heavy penalties.**

GENERAL ORDERS.

HEADQUARTERS, FORTNIAGAKA, December 12th, 1813.

Captain Leonard will, as soon as possible, have a proportion of
hand grenades in the different block houses, and give directions
to the" officers of the infantry where they should be posted with
their men, in case of an attack ; and should they not be able to
maintain the outworks, to repair to the block and mess houses;
and have e\er\ thing arranged in such a manner as though he
expected an immediate attack.

Much is expected of captain Leonard, from his long experience
and knowledge of duty ; and the general feels confident he will
be well supported by lieutenant Loomas, of the artillery, as well
as the officers of the infantry.

By order of brigadier general George M'Clure.

DONALD FRASER,
Lieutenant 15th U. S. Inf. # Vol. Ji.de Camp-

287

ADDRESS OF GENERAL M'CLTJRE.
To the inhabitants of Niagara, Genesee and Chatmtgcy*

The present crisis is truly alarming. The enemy are preparing
to invade your frontier, and let their savages loose upon your
families and property. It is now in your power to avoid that evil,
by repairing to Lewistown, Schlosser and Buffalo. Every man
who is able to bear arms is not only invited but required to repair
to the above rallying points, for a few days, until a detachment
of militia arrives. The enemy are now laving waste their own
country; every man who does not take up arms, or who are dis-
posed fo remain neutral, are inhumanly butchered, their property
plundeied, and their buildings destroyed. Information has just
been received that six or eijjht of their most respectable inhabi-
tants, between Queenston and Fort George, have fallen victims to
their barbarity. Every man in the province is required to take up
arms, and he that refuses is wantonly butchered. What then,
fellow citizens, have you to expect from such an enemy, should
they invade your frontier? Think of the consequences; be not
lulled into a belief, that because you reside a few miles from the
river, that you are secure : No, fellow citizens, the place to
meet them is en the beach. Then you will have it in your power1
to chastise them ; but should they be suffered to penetrate into
the interior with their savages, the scene will be horrid !

If, then, you love your country and are determined to defend
its rights ; if you love your families, and are determined to pro-
tect them ; if you value your property, and are determined to
presen e it, you will fly to arms and hasten to meet the enemy,
should they dare to set foot on our shores.

Since the above was prepared, I have received intelligence from
a credible inhabitant from Canada, (who has just escaped from
thence) that tiie enemy are concentrating all their forces and
boats at Fort George, and nave fixed upon to-morrow night for
attacking, Fort Niagara; and should they succeed, they will lay
waste our v. hole frontier. In that case, our supply of arms, which
are deposited at Fort Niagara, will be cut off. Therefore all who
have arms, accoutrements or ammunition, will do well to bring
them, and all who have horses will come mounted.

GEORGE M'CLURE,

Brigadier general commanding Niagara front) Vr.
Hrad Quarters, Buffalo, December 18th, 1813.

Extract of a letter from commodore Stephen Decatur to tkr

Secretary of the Navy.

NEW LONDON, December 20th, 1813.

" Some few nights since, the weather promised an opportunity
for this squadron to get to sea, and it was said on shore that we

288

intended to make the attempt. In the course'of the evening twa
blue lights were burnt on both the points at the harbour's mouth as
signals to the enemy, and there is not a doubt, but that they
have, by signals and otherwise, instantaneous information of our
movements. Great but unsuccessful exertions have been made
to detect those who communicate with the enemy by signal. The
editor of the New London Gazette, to alarm them, and in a
hope to prevent the repetition of these signals, stated in that
newspaper, that they had been observed, and ventured to denounce
those wno had made them in animated and indignant terms. The
consequence is, that he has incurred the express censure of some
of his neighbours. Notwithstanding these signals have been re-
peated and have been seen by twenty persons at least in this
squadron, there are men in New London who have the hardihood
to affect to disbelieve it, and the effrontery to avow their disbelief.

" I have the honour to be, &c.

" STEPHEN DECATUR."
Honourable William Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

HEAD QUARTERS, BUFFALO, December 22d, 1813.

SIR,

I regret to be under the necessity of announcing to you the
mortifying intelligence of the loss of Fort Niagara. On the
morning of the 19th instant, about four o'clock, the enemy cross-
ed the river at the Five Mile Meadows in great force, consisting of
regulars and Indians, who made their way undiscovered to the garri-
son,which, from the most correct information I can collect, was com-
pletely surprised. Our men were nearly all asleep in their tents ;
the enemy rushed in and commenced a most horrible slaughter.
Such as escaped the fury of the first onset, retired to the old
messhouse, where they kept up a destructive fire on the enemy,
until a want of ammunition compelled them to surrender. Al-
though our force was very inferior and comparatively small indeed,
I am induced to think that the disaster is not attributable to any
want of troops, but to gross neglect in the commanding officer of
the fort, captain Leonard, in not preparing, being ready, and
looking out for the expected attack.

I have not been able to ascertain correctly the number of killed
and wounded. About twenty regulars have escaped out of the
fort, some badly wounded. Lieutenant Peck, 24th regiment, is
killed, and it is said three others. You will perceive, sir, by the
enclosed general orders, that I apprehended an attack, and made
the necessarj arrangements to meet it, but have reason to believe,
from information received by those who have made their escape,
that the commandant did not in any respect comply with those
orders.

289

On the same morning a detachment of militia, under majo;-
Bennet, stationed at Lewiston Heights, was attacked by a party
of savaiges : but the major and his little corps, by making a des-
perate charge, effected their retreat after being surrounded by
several hundred, with the loss of six or eight, who doubtless were
killed : among whom were two sons of captain Jones, Indian in-
terpreter. The villages of Vroungstown, Lewiston, Manchester,
and the Indian Tuscarora village, were reduced to ashes, and
the inoffensive inhabitants who could not escape, were, without
regard to age or -ex, inhumanly butchered by savages headed by
BRITISH officers painted, A British officer who is taken prison-
er avows that many small children were murdered by their
Indians. Major Mallorv, who was stationed at Schiosser, with
about forty Canadian volunteers, advanced to Lewiston Heights,
and compelled the advanced guard of the enemy to fall back to
the foot of the mountain. The major is a meritorious officer ; he
fought the enemy two days, and contended every inch of ground
to the Tonawanta creek. In these actions lieutenant Lowe of the
23d regiment United States army, and eight of the Canadian vo-
lunteers were killed. 1 had myself, three days previous to the at-
tack on the Niagara, left it with a view of providing for the defence
of this place, Black Rock, and the other villages on this frontier.
I came here without troops, and have called out the militia of
Genesee, Niagara, and Chataugaj counties en masse.

This place was then thought to be in most imminent danger, as
well as the shipping, but I have no doubt is now perfectly secure.
Volunteers are coming in, in great numbers; they are, however,
a species of troops that cannot be expected to continue in service
for a long time. In a few days one thousand detached militia,
lately drafted, will be on.

1 have the honour to be, &c.

GEORGE M'CLURE,
Brigadier general commanding*
Honourable Jo] in Armstrong1, Secretary of War,

HEAD QUARTERS, NIAGARA FRONTIER,

December 30th, 1813-.
SIR,

I have only time to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of
the 25th instant, and to add that this frontier is wholly desolate.
The British crossed over, supported by a strong party of Indians,
at a little before daylight this morning, near Black Rock. They
were met by the militia under my command with spirit; but
overpowered by numbers and discipline of the enemy, the militia
gave way and tied on every side ; every attempt to rally them was
ineffectual. The enemy's purpose was obtained, and the flou-
ncing village of BUFFALO LAID IN RUINS. The Niagara
prospect of uniting our forces, of driving the enemv from Bur

290

frontier now lies open and naked to our enemies. Your judgment
Avill direct you what is most proper in this emergency. I am
exhausted with fatigue and must defer particulars till to-morrow.
Many valuable lives are lost.

I have the honour to be, &c.

A. HALL, Major general.
Governor Tompkins.

GENERAL M'CLURE TO THE PUBLIC.

GENESEE, NEW YORK, January 1st, 1814.

The late descent of the enemy on our frontier, and the horrid
outrages committed on our defenceless inhabitants by the British
allies, being laid to my misconduct as commanding officer of the
American forces on the frontier, and although my conduct has
been approved by the Secretary of War, the commander in chief of
this state, and by general Harrison, before his departure, still
I deem it a dutv which I owe to my own reputation, in order to
put a stop to the evil reports which are propagated against me,
without knowing my orders, or the means which 1 had in my
power to execute them, to <j;ive a brief statement of my most pro-
minent acts since I have had the honour of so important a command.
On my arrival at Fort George, and previous to the departure of
general Wilkinson with his army from that post, I suggested to
the general the necessity of marching out against the enemy at
Cross Roads and Four Mile Creek ; that his army, with the addi-
tion of my militia, were sufficient to lake or destroy all the British
forces in that neighbourhood, which would leave nothing more for
the militia to do than to protect and keep in order the inhabitants
of that part of the province, as otherwise our frontier would be
liable to be invaded. This proposition, however, was not agreed
to, as the general's instructions were of a ditt'erent nature. The
general left with me colonel .Scott and 800 regulars, who were to
remain until I considered my force sufficient. to hold the fort with-
out them, when they were to march to Sackett's Harbour.

About the 1 2th of October, the British army commenced their
retreat towards the head of the lake. I issued orders for my
militia to pursue,., which was promptly obeyed. We advanced as
far as the Twelve Mile Creek, and within a short distance of the
enemy's rear guard, when colonel Scott sent an express, request-
ing me to return, and said that he would abandon the fort next
day, and march with his troops for Sackett's Harbour ; and at the
same time detained my provisions and ammunition wagons, which
compelled me to abandon the further pursuit of the enemy, and
induced them to make a stand on the heights of Burlington. I
Was then led with about 10Q0 effective militia in Fort George, and
2.50 Indians, a force not more than sufficient to garrison the post.
On the arrival of general Harrison's army, I was elated with the

291

lington, taking possession of that post, and giving peace to the
Upper Province and our frontier. We were prepared to march
in 24 hours, when the arrival of commodore Chauncey with orders
for that excellent officer, general Harrison, to repair immediately
with his army to Sackett's Harbour, frustrated it. I remonstrated
against his going off, as will be seen in a correspondence between
the general and myself; but in vain. By this movement all my
expectations were blasted, and I foresaw the consequences, unless
a reinforcement was immediately sent on to supply the place of
the drafted militia whose term of service would shortly expire. I
considered my force, which had become ungovernable, as then
in-ifiicient to go against the enemy. The object of the last expe-
dition to the Twenty Mile Creek, 'is fully explained in the general
order which I issued on my return. For six weeks before the
militia were discharged, I wrote, and continued writing, to the
Secretary of War, the necessity of sending on a detachment of
militia or regular troops ; that I found it impossible to retain the
militia in service one day beyond their term ; I also stated, from
the best information, the enemy's forces. I offered a bounty of
two dollars per month, for one or two months, but without effect.
Some few of colonel Bloom's regiment took the bounty, and imme-
diately disappeared, and I was compelled to grant a discharge to
the militia and volunteers, which left me about 60 effective regulars
of the 24th United States infantry, under captain Rogers, to garri-
son Fort George. I summoned a. council of the officers, and put the
question — " Is the fort tenable with the present number of men ?"
They unanimously gave it as their opinion, that it would be mad-
ness in the extreme to pretend to hold it, and recommended its
evacuation immediately, as the enemy's advance was then within
eioht miles. I accordingly gave orders for all the arms, ammuni-
tion and public stores, of every description, to be sent across the
river, which was principally effected (though the enemy advanced
so rapidly that ten of my men were made prisoners) and ordered
the town of Newark to be burnt. This act, however distressing
to the inhabitants and my feelings, was by order of the Secretary
of War, and I believe at the same time proper. The inhabitants
had twelve hours notice to remove their effects, and,sucb ?s chose
to come across the river were provided with all tie necessaries of
life. I left captain Leonard in the command of Fort Niagara,
with about 160 effective regulars, and pointed out verbally, and
particularly in a general order, how he should prepare for an attack,
which would certainly take place. I stationed colonel Grieves's
artillerists, consisting of about twenty men, with two pieces of
artillery, at Lewiston, under the command of major Bennet, and
made them a present of 400 dollars for volunteering their services
three weeks ; but before that place was attacked they nearly all
deserted, except the officers, who bravely defended themselves,
and cut their way through the savages. The Canadian volunteers,

292

about 40 in number, Under major Mai lory, an officer of great
merit, I stationed at Schlosser, and went myself to Buffalo to
provide for the safety of that place, and Black Rock, which I
tni>t is out of danger, having called out the militia of Niagara en
mas

The public are now in possession of some of the leading facts
which have governed my conduct in the discharge of the trust
assigned me, and I appeal to ihe candour of every dispassionate
man to determine with what justice my feelings as a citizen, and
pride as a soldier, have been wounded, and my character aspersed.
If insubordination to ihe orders of superiors arc justifiable, 1 may
have tailed in my defence. If to have suppressed the risings of
mutiny i> reprehensible, then also am 1 not justified*, If to have
enforced the disciplinary laws of a camp is a proceeding unwar-
ranted, then have 1 been in error. But, fellow citizens, 1 do not
think so meanly of you as to credit the monstrous supposition,
that \ ou will deliberately advocate such strange hypothesis. Your
prejudices against me have been the result of feelings misled by
the acts of nay enemies, and not the result of your sober judgment,
operating upon facts and principles. Those facts are now before
you. On those facts judge me in your candour, and I will abide
your decision.

GEORGE M'CLURE.

Captain Shaler, of the privateer governor Tompkins, to his ageiits

in New Fork, dated

AT SEA, January 1st, 1814.

Two days after despatching the Nereid I took a whaleman, from
London, bound for the South seas; but she being of no value I
took out such stores, £v.c. as I could stow; and being much
lumbered with prisoners and baggage, I put them on board and
ordered her for Falmouth.

The chasing this ship had taken me some distance oft' my
ground, and, owing to calms, I could not regain it until the 25th
ultimo, when at sun-iisc three sail were discovered ahead, and
we made sa;i"in chase. The wind being light, we came slowly
up with them. On a nearer approach they proved to be two ships
and a briu;. One of the ships had all the appearance of a large
transport; and from their manouvres, they appeared to have
concerted measures for a mutual defence: and the large ship ap-
pealed prepared to lake the bulk of an action. Boats were seen
passing to and from her; she had boarding nettings almost up to
her top-; --lie also had her topmast studding sail booms out, with
the sails at their ends, ready for a running fight. Her ports ap-
peared to be pointed, and she had something on deck resembling
a merchantman's boal ; and, after all, what the deuce do you
think she was? Why have a little patience and 1 will tell you.

293

At 3 P. M. a sudden squall struck us from the northward, and
the ship not yet having received it, before I could get in our light
sails, and almost before L could turn round, I was under the guns,
not of a transport, but of a large frigate, and not more than
one-third of a mile from her. 1 immediately hauled down En-
glish colors, which 1 previously had up, set three American en-
signs, trimmed our sails by the wind, and commenced a brisk
fire from our little battery; but this was returned with woeful
interest. Her first broad side killed two men, and wounded six
others, two of whom severely, one since dead. It also blew up
one of my salt boxes, with two nine pound cartridges. This com-
municated tire to a number of pistols, and three tube boxes that
were lying on the companion way; all of which exploded, and
some of the tubes penetrated through a small crevice under the
companion leaf, and found their way to the cabin floor; but that
being wet, and the lire screen broken up, no further accident took

place.

This, together with the tremendous fire from the frigate, I as-
sure you, made warm work on the Tompkins's quarter deck ; but
thanks to her heels, and the exertions of my brave officers and
crew, I have still the command of her. When she opened her
fire upon me, it was about half past three. I was then a little
abaft her beam. To have attempted to tack, in a hard squall,
would at least have exposed me to a raking fire ; and to have
attempted it and miss would have been attended with the inevi-
table loss of the schooner. I therefore thought it most prudent
to take her lire on the tack on which I was ; and this 1 was
exposed to from the position which I have mentioned until I pass-
ed her bow; she all the while standing on with me, and almost
as fast as ourselves; and such a tune as was played round my
ears, I assure you, I never wish to hear again in the same key.
At 4 her shot began to fall short of us ; at half past four, the wind
dying away, and the enemy still holding it, his shot again be^an
to reach us ; got out sweeps, and turned all hands to. I also
threw over all the lumber from the deck, and about 2000 weight
of shot from the after hold. From about 5, A. M. all his shot fell
short of us. At about 25 minutes after 5, the enemy^hove about,
and I was glad to get so well clear of one of the most quarrelsome
companions that 1 ever met with. After the first broadside from
the frigate, no shot struck the hull of the Tompkins; but the
water was literally in a foam all around her. The moment before
the squall struck us, I told Mr. Farnum that she was too heavy
or us, and he went forward with a glass to take another look ;
when the squall took the schooner as if by magic, and was up with
her before we could get in our light sail:-..

My officers conducted them selves in a way that would have
done honour to a more permanent service : Mr. Farnum, first
lieutenant, conducted himself with his usual vigor. Mr. Achcson,

294

Bailing master, performed Iris part in the style of a brave and
accomplished seaman. Messrs. Miller and Dodd, second and
third lieutenants, were not so immediately under my eye; but
the precision and promptitude with which all my orders were
executedj is sufficient proof that they are to be relied on. Mr.
Thomas, boatswain, and Mr. Caswell, master's mate, were parti-
cularly active, and deserve encouragement.

The name of one of my poor fellows, who was killed, ought to
be registered on the book of fame, and remembered with rever-
ence as long as bravery is considered a virtue. He was a black
man, named John Johnson. A 24 pound shot struck him in the
hip, and took away all the lower part of his body. In this state
the poor brave fellow lay on deck, and several times exclaimed
to his shipmates, " Fire away my boys! — No haul a color down"
The other was also a black man by the name of John Davis, and
was struck in much the same way. He fell near me, and several
times requested to be thrown overboard, saying, " He was only in
the way of others." Whilst America has such tars, she has little
to fear from the tyrants of Europe.

From the circumstance of her shot being 24 pounders, (which
iure you is the case, as we have felt and weighed them) I am
of | inion it was the Laurel, a new frigate which I had information
of. A gentleman whom I took, told me she was in the fleet; that
she was built and manned on purpose to cope with our frigates;
and that if she got sight of me, she would certainly take me, as she
the fastest sailer he ever saw. Enclosed you have a list of
the killed and wounded. In every thing else we are in good

order and high spirits

Killed -2. Wounded G ; one of whom since dead.

Yours respectfullv,

NATHANIEL SHALER.

PORT CLAIBORNE, EAST BANK OF ALABAMA,

85 miles above Fort Stoddert, January 1st, 1814.

SIR,

On the 1 3th ultimo, I marched a detachment from this post

h the a iew of destroying the towns of the inimical Creek Indians,

on the Alabama, above the mouth of the Cahaba. After having

marched about 80 miles, from the best information I could obtain,

I was within thirty miles of a town, newly erected on ground

called Holy, occupied by a large body of the enemy, under the

nd of Weatherford, the half breed chief, who was one of

-,- who commanded the Indians that destroyed the garrison at

Mima, in August last, and who has committed many depredations

on the frontier inhabitants. 1 immediately caused" a stockade to

trected for the security of the heavy baggage and sick. On

595

the morning of the 22d the troops resumed their line of march
chiefly through woods, without a track to guide them. When
near the town, on the morning of the 23d, my disposition for
attack was made. The troops advanced in three columns. With
the centre column I advanced myself, ordering Lester's guards
and Wells's troop of dragoons to act as a corps of reserve. About
noon the right column, composed of twelve months' volun-
teers, commanded by colonel Joseph Carson, came in view of the
town called Eccanachaca (or Holy Ground), and was immediately
vigorously attacked by the enemy, who were apprized of our
approach, and had chosen their field of action.

Before the centre, commanded by lieutenant colonel Russell,
with a part of the od regiment of United States' infantry and
mounted militia riflemen, or the left column, which was composed
of militia and a party of Choctaws, under Pushamuttaha, com-
Cianded by major Smoot, of militia, who were ordered to charge,
could come generally into action, the enemy were repulsed, and
were flying in all directions, many of them casting away their
arms. Thirty of the enemy were killed, and, judging from every
appearance, manj were wounded. The loss on our part was one
corporal killed, and one ensign, two sergeants, one corporal and
two privates wounded.

A pursuit was immediately ordered ; but from the nature of
the country, nothing was effected. The town was nearly sur-
rounded by swamps and deep ravines, which rendered our ap-
proach difficult, and facilitated the escape of the enemy. In the
town we found a large quantity of provision and immense pro-
perty of various kinds, which the enemy, flying precipitately,
were obliged to leave behind, and which, together with two hun-
dred houses, were destroyed. They had barely time to remove
their women and children across the Alabama,* which runs near
where the town stood. The next day was occupied in destroying
a town, consisting of sixty houses, eight miles higher up the river,
and in taking and destroying the enemy's boats. At the town
lasl destroyed was killed three Indians of some distinction. The
town first de.-troyed was built since the commencement of hosti-
lities, and was established as a place of security for the inhabi-
tants of several villages. The ieader Weatherford, Francis, and
the Choctaw Sinq a son, who were principal prophet-, resi-

ded here, Thre< ■ .m^ were among the slain.

Colonel Carson, of the volunteers, lieutenant colonel Russell, of
the Ct\ regiment United Stati - infantry, and major Smoat, of
m itia, greatly distinguished themselves. The activity and z< •• I
of the assistant d< i u •, q larter master general) captain Wert, and
m - maj r, K.enn< dy, merittl e approbation ol governwe ;t.

I ■ much indebted to m\ aid-de-ca ip, lieutenant Calvit, .f
\ tnteers, to lieute: .. n , oi the 3d regiment, and major

Caller, of militia, wiio acted as my aids on that day, for the

296

promptnea#and ability with which they performed their .several
duties. The officers of the different corps behaved handsomely,

and are entitled to distinction. Courage animated every counte-
nance, and each vied with the other in rendering service.

1 have taken the liberty of communicating to you directly, in
consequence of the distant station oi the general commanding the
district, and also for the purpose of forwarding to you the enclosed
ori°inal document which was found in the house of Weatherford.
li shows particularly the conduct of the Spaniards towards the
American government. The third regiment has retui'ned to this
place, and volunteers are on the march to mount Vernon, near
fori S^toddert, for the purpose of being paid off and discharged,
their terms of service having generally expired.

1 have the honour to be, &c.

FERD. L. CLAIBORNE,

Brig. Gen. of Volunteers.
Honourable John Armstrong.

CAMP DEFIANCE, 48 MILES WEST OF CHATAHOUCHEE,

January 27th, 18144

SIR,

I have the honour to acquaint your excellency, that this morn-
ing at twenty minutes past live o'clock, a very large body of hos-
tile Indians, made a desperate attack on the army under mv
command. They stole upon the sentinels, fired upon them, and
with great impetuosity rushed upon our lines; in twenty minutes
the action became general, and our front, right and left flanks
were closely pressed; but the brave and gallant conduct of the
held and line officers, and the firmness of the men, repelled them
at every point.

The steady firmness and incessant fire of captain Thomas's
artillery, and captain Adams's riflemen, preserved our frontline:
both of these companies suffered greatly. The enemy rushed
within fifty yards of the artillery, and captain Broadnax, who
commanded one of the picket guards, maintained his post with
great bravery until the enemy gained his rear, and then cut his
wi\ through them to the army. On this occasion Timpoochie
Barnuel, a half-breed, at the head of the Uchies, distinguished
himself and contributed to the retreat of the picket guard; the
other friendly Indians took refuge within our Lines and remained
inactive, with the exception of a few who joined our ranks. So
soon a- it became light enough to distinguish objects, 1 ordered
majors Watson's ami Freeman's battalions to wheel up at right
angles with majors Booth's and Cleveland's battalions, (who form-
ed right wing,) to prepare for the charge. Captain Duke Hamil-
ton's cavalry (who had reached me but the day before,) was or-
dered to form in the rear of the right wing to act as circumstances

297

should dictate: the order for the charge was promptly obeyed,
and the enemy fled in every direction before the bayonet. The
signal was given for the charge of the cavalry who pursued, and
sabred fifteen of the enemy who left thirty-seven dead on the field :
from the effusion of blood and the number of head-dresses and
war-dubs found in various directions, their loss must have been
considerable, independent of the wounded. I directed the friend-
ly Indians, with Meriwether's and Ford's rifle companies, accom-
panied by captain Hamilton's troop, to pursue them through Cali-
pee Swamp, where they were trailed by their blood, but succeeded
in overtaking but one of their wounded.

Colonel Newman received three balls in the commencement of
the action, which deprived me of the services of that gallant and
useful officer. The assistant adjutant general Narden, was inde-
fatigable in the discharge of his duty, and rendered, important
services : his horse was wounded under him. The whole of the
start" was prompt, and discharged their duty with courage and
fidelity; their vigilance, the intrepidity of the officers, and the
firmness of the men, meet my approbation, and deserve the praise
of their country. I have to regret the death of many of my
brave fellows, who have found honourable graves in the voluntary
support of their country. M y aid-dc-camp, in executing my orders,
had his horse killed under him. General Lee and major Pace,
who acted as additional aids, rendered me essential service with
honour to themselves and usefulness to the cause in which they
are embarked. Four wagon and several other horses were killed,
and two of the artillery horses wounded. While I deplore the
loss sustained on this occasion, I have the consolation to know
that the men which I have the honour to command have done their
duty. I herewith transmit you a list of the killed and wound.
I have the honour to be, &c.

JOHN FLOYD, Brigadier General.
Major general Pinckney.

January 28th, 1814.

SIR,

The patriotism that brought you into the field at your ad-
vanced age, which prompted you on with me to face the enemy in
the late excursion to the Talapoosie river, the example of order,
and your admonition to strict subordination throughout the lines,
and, lastly, the bravery you displayed in the battle of Enotochopco,
by re-crossing the creek, entering the pursuit, exposing your per-
son, and thereby saving the life of lieutenant Moss, and killing
the Indian, entitle you to the thanks of your general and the
approbation of your country. Not having it in my power to move
forward until the troops from East and West Tennessee arrive,
(I mean the 1500 ordered for six months' service, under the re-
quisition of the Secretary of War, and the late order of general
3S

298

Tun knew with colonel Williams's regiment, and such other au\i
li.n \ troops, as may be permitted by the orders of the governor of
the state) I have to request that you will forthwith repair to East
Tennessee, and use your best exertions in hurrying those troops
to this point at the earliest possible day. The "character of the
Btate, by the retrograde of the troops, and the failure of
havingin the field such troops as were required by the Secretary
of War, had like to have been tarnished. The public service has
been much retarded thereby and much injured, and the public
expense much enhanced. It is alone from the exertions of men
of influence, that those evils can be cured, the public service
promoted, and the objects of the campaign brought to a speedy
and successful issue, whereby the high standing of the patriotism
of the state of Tennessee may be regained, which had like to
have been buried by the conduct of miscreants whose sole object
is popular views and self aggrandizement. You have been with
me — you have been a faithful observer of the passing scenes,
and do know that these would be patriots, these town meet-
' boasters, these men who will not act themselves, but find
fault with every thing, have been destroying the true interests of
th >ir country, the cause we are engaged in, and every thing valua-
ble to freemen to insure the cause of our country, when it came
in contact with their own individual views, and their own private
dizement. The eyes of the faithful and experienced patri-
ot, one whose country's good it has in common with his fellow-citi-
vx>\\>, has seen and felt these growing evils. You are one amongst
this number, in whose exertions I have confidence, and in whose
patriotism I rely, and who has experience, and sees things as they
really exist, and will, with the true patriotism of an American,
aid the present campaign to a speedy and successful issue. I
therefore repeat, that I wish you to repair to East Tennessee and
:!-'• your utmost in sending on the troops and sufficient supplies of
provisions with them, with which that country abundantly abounds,
and which have from some unknown and strange cause been with-
holden from me. Your experience and patriotism are a sure pledge
to me that your best exertions will be used to promote the present
campaign.

Keceive, sir, my best wishes, and believe me to be respectfully,
Your most obedient servant,

ANDREW JACKSON, Mai, Gen. Corndg*

lon< I William Cocke.

HEAD QUARTERS FORT STROTHER, January 29th, 1814.
SIR,

I had the honour of informing you in a letterof the 31st ult. for-
warded by Mr. M'Candless (express) of an excursion I contemplat-
ed making still further iu the enemy's country with the new raised

2iii)

volunteers from Tennessee. I had ordered those troops to form a
junction with me on the 10th instant, but they did not arrive until
the 14th. Their number, including officers, was about 800 ; and
on the loth, 1 marched them across the river to graze their horses.
On the next day I followed with the remainder of my force, con-
sisting o( the artillery company with one six-pounder, one com-
pany of infantry of 48 men, two companies of spies, commanded
by captains Gordon and Russell, of about 50 men each, and a
company of volunteer officers, headed by general Coifee, who had
been abandoned by his men, and who still remained in the field
awaiting the order of the government ; making my force, exclusive
of Indians, 930.

The motives which induced me to penetrate still further into
the enemy's country, with this force, were many and urgent. The
term of service of the new raised volunteers was short, and a con-
siderable part of it was expired ; they were expensive to the
government) and were full of ardor to meet the enemy. The ill
effects of keeping soldiers of this description long stationary and
idle, 1 had been made to feel but too sensibly already : other
cause's concurred to make such a movement not only justifiable
but absolutely necessary. 1 had received a letter from captain
M'AIpin, of the 5th instant, who commanded at Fort Armstrong,
in the absence of colonel Snodgrass, informing me that 14 or U
towns of the enemy, situated on the waters of the Talapoosie,
Avere about uniting their forces, and attacking that place, which
had been left in a very feeble state of defence. You had in your
letter of the 24th ult. informed me that general Floyd was about
to make a movement to the Talapoosie, near its junction with the
Coosee ; and in the same letter had recommended temporary ex-
cursions against such of the enemy's towns or settlements as might
be within striking distance, as well to prevent my men from be-
coming discontented as to harass the enemy. Your ideas corres-
ponded exactly with my own, and I was happy in the opportunity
of keeping my men engaged distressing the enemy, and at the
same time making a diversion to facilitate the operations of general
Floyd.

Determined by these and other considerations, I took up the
line of march on the 17th instant, and on the night of the 18th
encamped at Tallcdega Fort, where I was joined by between two
and three hundred friendly Indians ; sixty-five of which were
Cherokees, the balance Creeks. Here I received your letter of
the 9th instant, stating that general Floyd was expected to make
a movement from Cowetau the next day, and that in ten days
thereafter he would establish a firm position at Tuckabachee ; and
also a letter from colonel Snodgrass, who had returned to Fort.
Armstrong, informing; me that an attack was intended to be soon
made on that fort, by 900 of the enemy. Ii I could have hesitated
before, I could now hesitate no longer. I resolved to lose no time.
in meeting this force, which was understood to have been collect'

3oa

ed from New Yorcau, Oakfuskee, and TTfauley towns, and were
concentrated in a bend of the Talapoosie, near the mouth of a creek
called Emuckfau, and on an island below New Yorcau.

On the morning of the 20th, jour letter of the 10th instant, for-
warded by M'Candless, reached me at the Hillibee Creek, and
that night I encamped at Enotochopco, a small Hillibee village
about twelve miles from Emucfau. Here I began to perceive very
plainly how little knowledge my spies had of the country, of the
situation of the enemy, or of the distance I was from them. The
insubordination of the new troops, and the want of skill in most
of their officers, also became more and more apparent. But their
ardor to meet the enemy was not diminished ; and I had a sure
reliance upon the guards, and the company of old volunteer offi-
cers, and upon the spies, in all about 125. My wishes and my
duty remained united, and I was determined to effect, if possible,
the objects for which the excursion had been principally underta-
ken.

On the morning of the 21st, I marched from Enotochapco as
direct as I could for "the bend of the Talapoosie, and about two
o'clock P. M. my spies having discovered two of the enemy, en-
deavoured to overtake them, but failed. In the evening 1 fell in
upon a large trail, which led to a new road, much beaten and late-
ly travelled. Knowing that I must have arrived within the neigh-
bourhood of a strong force, and it being late in the day, 1 deter-
mined to encamp, and reconnoitre the country in the night. I
chose the best site the country v\ould admit, encamped in a hol-
low Square, sent out my spies and pickets, doubled my sentinels,
and made the necessary arrangements before dark, for a night
attack. About ten o'clock at night, one of the pickets fired at
three of the enemy, and killed one, but he was not found until the
next day. At 11 o'clock the spies whom I had sent out returned
with information, that there was a large encampment of Indians at
the distance of about three miles, who from their whooping and
dancing seemed to be apprised of our approach. One of these
spies, an Indian in whom I iiad great confidence, assured me that
they were carrying off their women and children, and that the
warriors would either make their escape or attack me before day.
Being prepared at all points, nothing remained to be done but to
await their approach, if they meditated an attack, or to be in rea-
diness, if they did not, to pursue and attack them at da\ -light.
While we were in this state of readiness, the eneni}', about six
o'clock in the morning, commenced a vigorous attack on my left
Rank, which was vigorously met: the action continued to rage on
my left Hank, and on the left of my rear for about half an hour.
The brave general Coffee, with colonel Sitler, the adjutant gene-
ral, and colonel Carroll, the inspector general, the moment the.
firing commenced, mounted their horses and repaired to the line,
encouraging and animating the men to the performance of their
duty. ,So soon as it became light enough to pursue, the left wing

301

having sustained the heat of the action, and being somewhat weak
ened, wus reinforced by captain Ferrill's company of infantry,
and was ordered and led on to the charge by general Coffee, who
was well supported by colonel Higgins and the inspector general,
and by all the officers and privates who composed that line. The
enemy was completely routed at every point, and the friendly
Indians joining in the pursuit, they were chased about two miles
with considerable slaughter.

The chase being over, I immediately detached general Coffee
with 400 men and all the Indian force to burn their encampment;
but it was said by some to be fortified. 1 ordered him in that
event QOl to attack, it, until the artillery could be sent forward to
reduce it. On viewing the encampment and its strength, the
general thought.it most prudent to return to my encampment and
guard the artillery thither. The wisdom of this step was soon
discovered ; in half an hour after his return to camp, a considera-
ble portion of the enemy made its appearance on my right flank,
and commenced a brisk fire on a party of men who had been on
picJ i'i guard the night before, and were then in search of the In-
dian- they had fired upon, some of whom they believe have been
killed. General Coffee immediately requested me to let him take
200 men and turn their left flank, which 1 accordingly ordered;
but through some mistake* which I did not then observe, not more
than 54 followed him, among whom were the old volunteer officers.
With these, however, he immediately commenced an attack on
the left think of the enemy ; at which time 1 ordered 200 of the
friendly Indians to fall in upon the right Hank of the enemy and
co-operate w ith the general. This order was promptly obeyed,
and in the moment of its execution, what I expected was realized.
The enemy had intended the attack on the right as a feint, and,
expecting to divert all my attention thither, meant to attack me
again with their main force on the left flank, which they had
hoped to find weakened and in disorder. — They were disappoint-
ed, i had ordered the left flank to remain firm to its place, and
the moment the alarm gun was heard in that quarter, I repaired
thither, and ordered captain Ferrill, part of my reserve, to support
it. The whole line met the approach of the enemy with astonish-
ing intrepidity, and having given a few fires, they forthwith
charged with great vigor. The effect was immediate and inevi-
table. The enemy fled with precipitation, and were pursued to
a considerable distance by the left flank and the friendly Indians,
with a galling and destructive tire. Colonel Carroll, who order-'
ed the charge, led on the pursuit, and colonel Higgins and his
regiment again distinguished themselves.

In the mean time general Coffee was contending with a superi-
or foice of the enemy. The Indian, who I had ordered to his
support, and who had set out foi this purpose, hearing the fire on
the left, had returned to that quarter, and when the enemy were
routed there, entered into the chase. That being now over, I

30.2-

forthwitl 1 0*1 Jim Fife, who was one of the principal com

manders lie friendly Creeks, with 100 of his warriors, to exe-
cute un first order. As soon as he reached general Coffee, the
charge was made and the enemy routed : they were pursued about
three miles, and 45 of them slain, who were found. General
Coffee wa wounded in the body, and his aid -de-camp, A. Donald-
son, killed, together with three others. Having brought in and
buried the dead, and dressed the wounded, 1 ordered my camp
to be fortified, to be the better prepared to repel any attack which
>e made in the night; determined to commence a return
march to Fort Strotherthe following day.

Many causes concurred to make such a measure necessary, as
! had not set out prepared, or with a view to make a permanent
establishment. 1 considered it worse than useless to advance and

estroy an empty encampment. I had, indeed, hoped to have
1 let the enemy there, but having met and beaten them a little

'. iner, I did not think it necessary or prudent to proceed any
further: not necessary, because I had accomplished all I could
expect to effect by marching to their encampment ; and because,
if it was proper to contend with and weaken their forces still fttr-
th( r, this object would be more certainly attained by commencing
a return, which, having to them the appearance of a retreat, would
insj irit tliom to pursue me. Not prudent, because of the number
of my wounded, of the reinforcements from below which the ene-
m might be expected to receive; of the starving condition of my
, ihcy having had neither corn nor cane for two days and
nights; of the scarcity of supplies for my men, the Indians who
met me ai Talladega, having drawn none, and being wholly desti-
tute; and because, if the enemy pursued me, as it was likely they
would, the diversion in favour of general Floyd would be the more
complete and effectual, influenced by these considerations 1
commenced mv return march at h;df past ten, on the 23d, and
was fortunate enough to reach Euotochopco before night, having
passed without interruption a dangerous defile, occasioned by a
hurricane. 1 again fortified my camp, and having another defile
to pass in the morning, across a deep creek, and between two hills,
which I had viewed with attention as I passed on, and where I
expected I might be attacked, I determined to pass it at another
point, and gave directions to my guide and fatigue men accord-
ingly. My expectation ol an attack in the morning was increased
by the sjgns of the night, and with it my caution. Before I

moved t!ie wounded from the interior of my camp, I had
my from and rear guards formed, as well as my right and left
columns, and moved off,my centre in regular order, leading down
a handsome ridge to Enotochopco creek, at a point where it was
1 ! ir of reed, exc pi immediately on its margin. 1 had previously

issued a general order, pointing out the manner in which the men

• "ild be formed in tl e event of an attack on the front or rear,

SOS

or on the flanks, anil had particularly cautioned the officers to
halt and form accordingly) the instant the word should be g;iven.
The front guard had crossed with part of the flank columns, the
wounded were over, and the artillery in the act of entering
the creek, when an alarm gun was heard in the rear. 1 heard
it without surprise, and even with pleasure; calculating with the
utmost confidence on the firmness of my troops, from the manner
in which I had seen them act on the 22d. I had placed colonel
Carroll at the head of the centre column of the rear guard; its
right column was commanded by colonel Perkins, and its left by
colonel Stump. Having chosen the ground, I expected there to
have entirely cut off the enemy by* wheeling the right and left
columns on their pivot, re- crossing the creek above and below,
and falling in upon their flanks and rear; But to my astonish-
ment and mortification, when the word was given by colonel Car-
roll to halt and form, and a few guns had been fired, I beheld the
right and left columns of the rear guard precipitately give way.
This shameful retreat was disastrous in the extreme; it drew
along with it the greatest part of the centre column, leaving not
more than "2.> men, who being formed by colonel Carroll, maintain-
ed their ground as long as it was possible to maintain it, and it
brought consternation and confusion into the centre of the army,
a consternation which was not easily removed, and a confusion
which could not soon be restored to order. There was then left
to repulse the enemy, the i\'\v who remained of the rearguard,
the artillery company and captain Russell's company of spies.
They, however, realized and exceeded my highest expectations.
Lieutenant Armstrong, who commanded the artillery company in
the absence of captain Deadrick (confined by sickness), ordered
them to form and advanced to the top of tiie hill, whilst he and a
few others dragged up the six pounder. Never was more bravery
displayed than on this occasion. Amidst the most galling fire
from the enemy, more than ten times their number, they ascended
the hill and maintained their position, until their piece was hauled
up, when, having levelled it, they poured upon the enemy a fire
of grape, re-loaded and fired again, charged and repulsed them.

The most deliberate bravery was displayed by Constantine
Perkins and Craven Jackson of the artillery, acting as gunners.
In the hurry of the moment in separating the gun from the lim-
bers, the rammer and picker of the cannon were left tied to the
limber : no sooner was this discovered, than Jackson, amidst the
galling fire of the enemy, pulled out the ramrod of his musket,
and used it as a picker ; primed with a cartridge and fired the
cannon. Perkins having pulled oft' his bayonet, used his mus-
ket as a rammer, drove down the cartridge ; and Jackson, using
his former plan, again discharged her. The brave lieutenant
Armstrong, just after the first fire of the cannon, with captain
Hamilton, of East Tennessee, Bradford and McGavock, all fell,
the lieutenant exclaiming as he lay," my brave fellows, some of you

304

ia«7 fall, but you must save the cannon," About this time, a num-
ber crossed the creek and entered into die chase. The brave
captain Gordon of the spies, who rushed from the front, endea-
vored to turn the left flank of the enemy, in which he partially
succeeded, and colonel Carroll, colonel Higgins and captains
Elliot and Pipkins pursued the enemv for more than two miles,
who fled in consternation, throwing away their packs, and leaving
twenty -six of their warriors dead on the field. This last defeat
v. ;:^ decisive, and we were no more disturbed bv their yells.
I should do injustice to my feelings if I omitted to mention that
the venerable judge Cocke, at the age of sixty-five, entered into
the engagement, continued the pursuit of the enemy with youth-
ful ardor, and saved the life of a fellow soldier by killing his
savage antagonist.

Ouf loss in tills affair was killed and wounded ; among

the former was the brave captain Hamilton, of East Tennessee,
who had, with his aged father and two others of his company,
after the period of his engagement had expired, volunteered his
services for this excursion, and attached himself to the artillery
company. No man ever fought more bravelv or fell more elori-
ously ; and by his side fell with equal bravery and glory, Bird
Evans of the same company. Captain Quarles, who commanded
the centre column of the rearguard, preferring death to abandoning
his post, having taken a firm stand in which he was followed by
twenty-five of his men, received a wound in his head of which he
has since died.

In these several engagements our loss was twenty killed and
seventy-five wounded, four of whom have since died. The loss
of the enemy cannot be accurately ascertained ; one hundred and
eighty-nine of their warriors were found dead ; but this must fall
considerably short of the number really killed. Their wounded
can only be guessed at.

Had it not been for the unfortunate retreat of the rear guard in
the affair of the 24th instant, I think I could safely have said
that no army of militia ever acted with more cool and delibe-
rate bravery. Undisciplined and inexperienced as they were,
their conduct in the several engagements of the 22d could not
have been surpassed by regulars. No men ever met the approach
ol an enemy with more intrepidity, or repulsed them with more
energy. On the 24th, after the retreat of the rear guard, they
Beemed to have lost all collectedness, and were more dillicult to
!)•• restored to order than any troops I had ever seen. Hut this

- no doubt owing in a great measure, or altogether, to that very
retreat, and ought rather to be ascribed to the want of conduct in
manvol their officers than to any cowardice in the men, who on
ever) occasion have manifested a willingness to perform their du-
:\ BO far as they knew it.

All th<- effects which were designed to be produced by this
excursion, it is believed have been produced. If an attack was

305

meditated against fort Armstrong, that has been prevented. If
general Floyd is operating on the east side of the Talapoosie, as
I suppose him to he, a most fortunate diversion has been made in
his favour. The number of the enemy has been diminished, and
the confidence they may have derived from the delays I have
been made to experience, has been destroyed. Discontent has
been kept out of my army, while the troops who have been exposed
to it, have been beneficially employed. The enemy's country
has been explored, and a road cut to the point where they will
be concentrated when they shall be driven from the country below.
But, in a report of this kind, and to you who will immediately
perceive them, it is not necessary to state the happy consequences
which may be expected to result from this excursion. Unless I
am greatly mistaken, it will be found to have hastened the termi-
nation of the Creek war, more effectually than any measure I
could have taken with the troops under my command.

I am, 8cc.

ANDREW JACKSON,

Maj. Gen. Tennessee Volunteers.
Major general Thomas Pinckney.

CHARLESTON, January 31st, 1814.
SIR,

I have the honour to inform you that yesterday morning,
about 4 o'clock, I received information express from Stono, that
the United States' schooner Alligator had been the evening before
chased in by an enemy's squadron, and attacked in the night by a
detachment of boats. I immediately repaired to the place, and
ordered two barges round, and a detachment of seamen overland,
from the Nonsuch, to her assistance. About 8 A. M. I got on
board the Alligator, then some distance up the river. I received
the following information from sailing master Bassett, her com-
mander ; that he sailed on Saturday morning from the river of
North Edisto, for Charleston. Soon after leaving the bar, disco-
vered an enemy's squadron, consisting of a frigate, a heavy brig,
and a hermaphrodite, which gave chace to him — wind light from
the south-west ; he found that the frigate would cut him off
from Charleston, and in the evening run into the river and
hove to; the enemy then close oft' the bar; and from their
manouvres was of opinion they intended to send in their boats.
He stood up the river about two miles, and anchored, prepared
for action. About a quarter before 8 P. M. the moon very bright,
discovered six of the enemy's boats shove oft' from under the
marsh abreast him, and within pistol shot (having under cover of
the marsh, with muffled oars, approached this near without disco-
verv), he immediatel v gave them a broadside, which was returned ;

366

cut his cable and made sail, when the action continued for 30 mia-
utes, close on board ; soon after making way, the pilot was unfortu-
nately mortally wounded, and the schooner grounded ; at this time
their 2 largest barges were disabled, and about musket shot distance
astern, when they retreated and have not since been seen. The
Alligator's rigging and sails, from the topsail yard down, are lite-
rally cut to pieces, and but few shot in her hull, two men killed and
two wounded, one severely, and the pilot (Mr. Hatch, a very
respectable master of a vessel in this port, having a large family
depending entirely on his exertions for support) mortally wound-
ed. Great credit is due to sailing master Bassett, his officers and
crew, for defeating a force so greatly superior in numbers, as there
could not have been less than 140 men opposed to forty. The
enemy, by the information received from the inhabitants immedi-
ately on the river, must have suffered severely, as there was great
confusion on board them while retreating, and the largest boat
appeared to be so much injured as to require the assistance of the
others. I left the schooner last night in Wappoo Cut, and she will
be here as soon as the weather will permit. When I receive Mr.
Bassett's official report, I shall do myself the honour to forward it,
for your further information.

I have the honour to be, &c.

J. H. DENT.

Hon. \Vm. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

Extracts of letters from general Floyd to general Pinckney.

CAMP NEAR TORT HALL, February 2d, 18U.
" SIR,

" I arrived with the army at this place yesterday. I apprised
you in my last of the necessity of falling back. The arrival of
twelve wagons in the evening, the prospect of reinforcements, and
the handsome terms in which you have been pleased to approbate
the conduct of the army in the late affair with the enemy, I flat-
ter myself will contribute to the accomplishment of my labors to
preserve, the honour and reputation of the army. I now enter-
tain a gleam of hope that things will end well. No means on my
part have or will be neglected to effect so desirable an object.
Reasoning, seasoned with threats of the consequences, and the
direful effects which followed the improper conduct of the New
York militia, have been represented in strong terms; nor have I
omitted to remind them of their pledges to the government to
brave dangers, encounter toil and endure privation — to risk life
and fortune in support of the common cause. You may rest as-
sured that I shall employ all the means in my power to promote.,
the public interest:

so?

« Since mv report of the battle of the 27th, I ato well assured,
that seven ot the enemy's slain have been found in one grave in
Canlibee swamp, and five others in an adjacent one. °Accept
my acknowledgments for the terms in which you have been
pleased to approbate my conduct— my endeavours to continue to
merit it will be unremitting."

"February 3d, 1814.
• I am informed that the enemy are in possession of our works
at Camp Defiance, on their way to attack us, which in all proba-
bility they will attempt to night. We are well prepared, and
will gjve a good account of them, if they attempt the execution
of their designs, I this morning sent off the most of our wound-
ed and sick."

HEAD QUARTERS, FORT STROTHER, February 17tb, 1814,
SIR,

Your two letters of the 8th and 14th instant, have been receiv-
ed, but from the continued hurry of business with which I am
surrounded, I have not had time to answer them until now.

The importance of the service you have rendered, and the
deep interest you have taken in forwarding my views and the
objects of the campaign, command my sincere thanks. I hope
you will continue to aid in procuring the means and transporting
the supplies to this place : the active exertions of a patriot of six-
ty-jive years of age, will certainly stimulate the youthful soldier
to his duty ; such examples have become necessary; I find those
who talk most of war and make the greatest bustle about our in-
jured rights at home, are the last to step forward in vindication of
those rights. Patriotism is an appendage which such men wear
as a coquette does a fine ribband, merely for show, and to be laid
aside or applied as necessity may require.
I have the honour to be, &c.

ANDREW JACKSON,

Major general commanding.
( 'olnnel William Cocke.

UNITED STATES FRIGATE PRESIDENT,

SANDY HOOK BAY, February 19thj 1814.

*IR,

I have to acquaint you that I arrived at my present an-
chorage last evening at 5 o'clock, after a cruize of seventy -five
days, and now have the honour to detail to you the particulars
Inpursuance to your directions, I sailed from Providence the
5th December ; and although I expected to have run the gauntlet

SOS

through the enemy's squadron, that was reported to be cruizing
between Block Island and Gayhead for the purpose of intercej t-
in"- the President, I had the good luck to avoid them. The day
after leaving Providence, 1 re-captured the American schooner
Comet, of, and bound to, New York, with a cargo of cotton from
Savannah, which had been captured by the Ramilies and Loire,
and in their possession about 48 hours. In a few hours after re-
capturing the Comet, a sail was discovered to the eastward,
which 1 felt inclined to avoid, from the circumstance of the wea:
ther being hazy, and knowing that I was in the neighbourhood of.
an enemy's squadron. From an advantage of wind, she was
enabled, however to gain our lee beam at a distance of three or
four miles, owing to which I was induced to shorten sail, with
the intention of oCering her battle in the morning, should nothing
else be in sight, and she not be a ship of the line. The weather
becoming more obscure at 2 o'clock, prevented our seeing her un-
til day-light, when she stood from us to the north east, although
the President was hove to, to let her come up. From this date
until the 25th, we did not see a single sail, except the Recovery
(a brig belonging and bound to Penobscot, from St.Bartholomew, in
ballast) until after reaching the longitude of 35, and latitute 19,
being carried that far eastward by a severe S. W. gale, accompanied
by such a heavy sea, as to render heaving to impracticable without
infinite risk, when two large sail were discovered standing to the
northward, and to which 1 gave chase, believing, as well from the
situation in which they were first discovered, as the manifest dis-
position they afterwards showed to avoid a separation, that one
was a frigate and the other an Ind'iaman under her convoy ; in
this I was mistaken, for on a nearer approach I could discover
the headmost was a frigate with seven ports abaft her gangway,
and the other a ship of equal or little inferior force. On discov-
ering their decided superiority, and supposing them to be enemy's
ships, I endeavored, duringthe succeeding night, to separate them
by steering different courses, and occasionally shewing a light,
but was unable to succeed, for the headmost was at one time so
near that she fired a shot over us, whilst her consort was but a
few hundred yards astern of her. I now directed our course to
be altered, made sail, and continued the remainder of the night
to shew them light occasionally, but to no effect, as at day-light
they were discovered to be in a situation to unite their force.
Afier this I shaped a course to reach a position to windward of
Barbadoes, on a parallel of longitude with Cayenne, and did not
meet another vessel till the 30th, when falling in with a Portu-
guese brig, and receiving information that she had been boarded
36 hours before by two British store ships, bound to the West In-
dies with 300 troops on board, I crowded sail to the westward in
ihe hope of overtaking them; in this I was again disappointed,
and after a pursuit of four days, hauled further southward to gain
the latitude of Barbadoes; and in that situation, on the 5th of

309

January captured the British merchant ship Wanderer, of 7 gnu?
ami 16 men, from London bound to Jamaica, partly loaded with
plantation si -. and after taking from her such light articles as
were of most value, Bunk her. In the same position, on the 7th,
I fell in with the British merchant ship Prince George, in
the character of a cartel with prisoners, which, with 4 other
British vessels, had been captured by two French 44 gun frigates,! he
V Lisa and Nymph, the same ships 1 had fallen in with 14 days
before. On board of the Prince George I sent the prisoners cap-
tHicd in the Wanderer to Barbadoes, on parole. On the 9th of
January, while -till to windward of Barbadoes, 1 captured the
ship Edward, ol 6 guns and S men, from London bound toLagUira,
in ballast — which vessel I also sunk. Having learned from the
master of the Edward as well as the Wanderer and Prince George,
(hat they had been separated in the Bay of Biscay from their con-
l consisting of the Queen 74, two frigates, and two sloops of
war, i was induced, owing to a belief that the convoy was still to the
eastward, to remain to windward of Barbadoes until the 16th
.1 lary, when finding they must have passed, I changed my
ground and ranoff Cayenne, and from thence down the coast of
Surinam, Berbice and Demarara, though between Tobago and
Grenada, thence through the Caribbean sea, along the southeast
side of Porto Rico, through the Mona passage, down the north
iide of Jamaica, ami other leeward islands, without meeting a
r vessel of the enemy, or any other than four Spanish drog-
gers and one Swedish Bhip, until 1 got near the Manilla reef;
near which, after capturing and sinking the British schooner
Jonathan, loaded with rum and dry goods (the most valuable part
of which I look on board) I hauled over lor the Florida shore and
struck soundings off St. Augustine, and from thence run on sound-
ings as far as Charleston, passing within 4 or 5 miles of Colum-
bia island, and as near to Savannah as the weather and depth of
water would allow, without meeting a single vessel except a,
Spanish ship from the Havanna bound to Spain, but steering for
Savannah in consequence of having sprung a leak.

Arriving off Charleston, (which was on the 11th instant,) I
strefc bed close in with the Bar, and made the private signal of
the day to two schooners lying in Rebellion Roads, and which.
from their appearance, 1 believed to be public vessels. After re-
oing all da • offthe Bar, with colours hoisted, and the before -
mentioned signal displayed, without being able to communicate
with the schooners, [stood to the northward, and at seven o'clock
the next morning, discovered and chased a ship to the southward,
which, after pursuing) ght or nine miles, led me toa second sail,
(a brig under her topsails, with her top-gallant masts housed, and
her flying ghVrboom ri in), and ■ thence to the discovery

of third sail, represented from the mast-head to be a large fri-
gate ; on discovering the third s til, added to the manouvres of the
first and second, 1 was induced to believe them part of an ene-

■9tf

£ > > squadron, and accordingly hauled up and stood for the former,
to ascertain her character; and after making her from the deck,
erceived she was a frigate as reported. 1 now shortened sail,
eiieving that towards night I might be able to cut off the ship,
(which was either a small frigate or large sloop of war,) and brig,
from the third or largest sail, at this time nine or ten miles to
windward ; in this, however, i was not able to effect my purpose,
cm m«; to the weather-sail (between sun-set and dark) bearing down
for the others. Judging now from their manouvres, that after
dark they would chase, I stood to the eastward, under short sail;
believing that in the morning I might find them in some disorder;
at day-light, however, owing to the haziness of the weather, they
were not to be seen ; consequently, I wore and stood back to the
westward to make them again, and in a few minutes discovered
two, one on the lee, the other on the weather bow, to which I gave
chace, but after chasing them about half an hour, the weather be-
coming more clear, and two large ships suddenly making their
appearance, one on the weather and the other on the lee beam, I
changed my course to the eastward, when the four immediately
crowded sail in pursuit ; but owing to the weather, assisted by
the enemy's manner of chasing, I was enabled to get clear of them
without difficulty in a few hours. From this 1 pursued a course
on soundings (except in doubling Cape Hatteras) to eighteen fa-
thom water off the Delaware, where, in a fog, I tell in with a large
vessel apparently a man of war. Shortened sail to topsails and
cleared Bhip i\)r action, but she suddenly disappearing, and in a
few minutes she, or some other vessel near, being heard to fire
signal gun •, i stood on to the northward, from a belief I was near
another s [Uadron. From the Delaware I saw nothing until I
made Sam! y Hook, when 1 again fell in with another of the enemy's
squadrons, and by some unaccountable cause was permitted to
enter the bay, although in the presence of a decidedly superior
force, after having been obliged to remain outside seven hours
ami a half waiting for the tide.

I am, &c.

JOHN RODGERS.

Hon. Wm. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

BRITISH VERACITY.
Surgeon Jlmos A. Evans to the Public.

BOSTON, March, 1814.
Having lately seen in the British Naval Chronicle, for May
last, a publication Bigned Thomas Cook Jones, surgeon of his Bri-
tannic majesty's lit.- ship Java; in which accusations of ill treat-
ment towards the British wounded prisoners, whilst on board the
United States" frigate Constitution, under the command of com-

311

inodore Bainbridge, are brought forward ; I conceive it my duty,
lest silence should be construed into an acknowledgement of its
correctness, to expose some of the falsehoods composing that state-
ment. After introducing himself with considerable egotism, and
much parade of professional skill, he makes the following observa-
tions :

"Their (the British wounded) removal to the Constitution, the
deprivations they there experienced as to food, and the repeated
disturbances they suffered by being carried below, and kept there-
for se* eral hours, three different times, on the report of an enemy
heaving in sight : when these, I say, are considered, and the results
contrasted with those of the American wounded, four of whom
who lost their limbs died when I was on board, were laid in cots,

filaced in the most healthy parts of the ship, provided with every
ittle luxury from competent and attentive nurses, and not allow-
ed to be removed, when ours were thrust into the hold with ihe
otler prisoners, the hatches at once shutting out light and fresh
air, and this too in the latitude of St. Salvador, the recovery of our
seiiinen .ii, i>s as miraculous as it proved happy; and truly
evinced both resignation and courage in patiently submitting,
without a complaint, to the cruelties of their situation, and firmly
contending with every obstacle which chance or oppression could
present or inflict. The Americans seemed very desirous not to
allow arty of our officeis to witness the nature of their wounded, or
compute their numbers. I ordered one of my assistants, Mr.
Caponi, to attend, when their assistant went round, and he
enumerated forty-six who were unable to stir from their cots,
independent of those who had received what they called "slight
hurts." Commodore Bainbridge was severely wounded in the-
right thigh, and four of their amputations perished under my
inspection.

" I have noticed these facts, that your readers may be convinc-
ed of the falsity of their official despatches, and to authorize theif -
being received with some degree of scepticism.

" I sent my assistant, with most of the wounded men, in the
evening, and remained myself in the Java, till within a few mU
nutesofher being set on fire: one poor fellow only remained,
who had received a musket ball, which entered the right orbit and
remained imbedded in the brain : he was in articulo mortis, and I
begged the American lieutenant to let me stay with him undis-
turbed for a few minutes, as I expected his immediate dissolu-
tion.

"This Yankee son of humanity proposed assisting him into
eternity ; I instantly dragged him into the boat, and he expired
along side the Constitution,"

It is not true that there was any distinction made between the
British and American wounded : they were slung promiscuously
together on the gun deck, and every thing which humanity could
dictate that the ship afforded, was provided fer their comfort and

312

convenience. This ship was cleared for action but once during the
time they were on hoard ; that was when the Hornet hove in sight,
and as soon as her character could be ascertained, all the wound-
ed, British and American, were brought on the gun deck together.
Captain Lambert and Mr Waldo, were the only two persons not
removed to the birth deck on this occasion; the former was
left to the last moment, from principles of delicacy us well as
humanity. Every exertion was made to land the prisoners at St.
Salvador as soon as possible, that they might be "provided with
every little luxury from competent and attentive nurses," that
our men of course could not receive on board.

It is equally false that we had forty-six men wounded. " Slight
hurts," and all others included, there were twenty -five only. Why
request his assistant to attend for the porpose of counting them,
when doctor Jones himself, or any other officer on board ^ could
have enumerated them, if he chose, an hundred times a day ? The
doctor says four of our amputations perished under his own in-
spection. We had but five amputations altogether ; four of them
are now receiving pensions from their country, and may be seen
almost any day about the Navy Yard at Charlestown ; and the fifth
died of a malignant fever, north of the equator one month after tfie
action. It is a fact, susceptible of the clearest and most positive
proof, that not one of our men died during the time the doctor
was on board the Constitution, nor until some time after we left
St Salvador.

" This Yankee son of humanity proposed assisting him into
eternity," &c. No man who knows lieutenant Hoffman, will
hesitate to pronounce doctor Jones an infamous calumniator. He
(lieutenant Hoffman) is as remarkable for goodness of heart, for
humane and tender feelings, for gentlemanly and correct conduct,
as doctor Jones now is for his capacity to assert base and unqua-
lified falsehoods. Lieutenant (then midshipman) German, who
was present when this man was removed from the Java, and
whose word no one will question, asserts that no such observation
was made ; on the contrary, that he, (Mr. G.) by the orders of
lieutenant Hoffman, repeatedly solicited doctor Jones to visit the
then spoken of, and endeavor, if possible, to relieve
him ; but that he neglected even to sec him, until they were ready
to leave the ship, when he was removed into the boat at the doc-
tor's request. If the doctor's charge had been founded in truth,
would he not have reported lieutenant Hoffman immediately on
his arrival at the Constitution? The ward room officers of the
Constitution will recollect to have heard doctor Jones frequently
spoken ol during the cruize as an inhuman monster for his con-
duct to this same unfortunate sailor.

I leave the punishment due his presumption for calling in ques-
tion "official despatches," (after having fabricated himself such a
ie of assertions, without even a coloring of truth) to the first

3)3

officer of the Constitution, who may have the good fortune of an
op|) utunitv of taking him by t!ie nose.

When - of the Java left the Constitution at St. Salva-

dor, they expressed the warmest gratitude for the humane

eatment they had experienced; nor was this contemp-

ti lie hyp >■ rite - taring of his acknowledgments on that occasion.

r having suffered every thinsr from the officers of the Consti*

tution " oppression could inflict," wKy come forward and offer

for kind and handsome treatment? [See letters of general

Hislop and other-. J

To complete the climax; of false assertions relative to that ac-

co'i'it. one of the lieutenants of the Java, in a letter to the editor

of the Naval Chronicle for June, asserts, that I am "an Irishman

l'i, and icis lately an assistant surgeon in the British Navy!"

truth is I was born in the state of Maryland, and had never

been on the ocean, except in the service of my country* [pledge

ii ". Substantiate, by the most respectable testimony, should

it be necessary, every thing that I have here stated.

1 challenge the Bnl i\e a solitary instance; where they

have given a faithful and candid relation of the result of their
actions with us, sincethe declaration of the present war. They
have, of late, established fur dves, a kind of national cha-

racter, that, 1 trust, none will envy them the pas- :': they

have prosed thai although they may not be able to conquer

in tattle, they can prevaricate, defame or mistake with as much
ease as any nation on earth.

AMOS A. EVANS,
Surgeon of the United Slates frigate Constitution-

DETROIT, March 7th, 1314.
SIR,

By lieutenant Shannon, of the 2rth regiment of the United States'
infantry, I have the honour of informing you, that a detachment
of the troops under my command, led bv "captain Holmes of the*
24th regiment of United States infantry, have obtained a signal
viri.uv over the enemy.

1 e affair took place on the 4th instant, about 100 miles from
this place, on the river de French. Our force, consisted of no
more than 160 rangers and mounted infantry. The enemy,
from their own acknowledgment, had about 240. The fine light
company of Royal Scots, is totally destroyed ; they led the at-
tack most gallantly, and their commander fell within ten paces of
our front line. The light company of the 89th has also suffered
severely, one officer of that company fell, one is a prisoner, and.
another is said to be badlv wounded. In killed, wounded, and pri-
soners, the enemy lost about 80, whilst on our part there wer*
40

314

but four killed and four wounded. This great disparity in the loss
on each side, is to be attributed to the very judicious pos tion oc-
, npied bi captain Holmes, who compellecTthe enemy to attack him
at great disadvantage ; this, even more than bis gallantry, merits

the laurel.

Captain Holmes has just returned, and will furnish a detailed
K c >unt of the expedition, which shall immediately be transmitted

to VOU.

I have the honour to be, &c.

H. BUTLER,

Lieutenant colonel commanding at Detroit.
y jor general Harrison.

Enemifs forces as stated by the prisoners :

Roval Scots, 101: 89th Regiment, 45 ; Militia, 50; Indians,

40 to' Go— total, 236.

P. 8. We took 100 head of cattle also from the enemy, in-
tended for Lonjr Point or Burlington.

FORT COVINGTON, March lOtli, 1814.
SIR,

I have the honour to submit in writing, that the expedition sent
under my command against the enemy's posts, by your special
orders of the -21.->t ultimo, had the good fortune, on the 4th in-
stant, to meet and subdue a force, double its own, fresh from the
barracks, and led by a distinguished officer.

I had been compelled to leave the artillery by the invincible
difficulties of the route from Point au Plait to "the Round O. No
wheel carriage of any kind had ever attempted it before, and none
will ever pass it until the brush and fallen timber are cut away,
and the p cause-waved or drained. After joining captain

Gill, I began the march for Fort Talbot, but was soon convinced
of ita being impossible to reach the post, in time to secure any
■ whic he there or adjacent. This conviction, united

with the information, that the enemy had a force at Delaware,
"i the Thames, thai 1 shouH be expected at Fort Talbot, and
consequently, that a previous descent upon Delaware might de-
ceivethe foe, and lead him to expose me some point, in defending
others he might think menaced, and coupled with the possibility
that hearing of captain Gill's march to the Round 0, by M'Gre-
s militia, whom he had j ursued, a detachment haddescended
the Thames to intercepthim, determined to exercise the discre-
tion allowed ' \ the order, and to strike at once upon the river.

On the 3d instant, when only fifteen miles from Delaware, we
received information thai the enemy had left Delaware with the
intention ofdesccnding the river, and that we should probably

315

meet him in one hour ; that his force consisted o( a light company
fro n the Royal Scots, mustering for duty 120 men ; a light com-
pany of. the 89th regiment of foot (efficiency not known,) Cald-
well's Indians and M'Gregor's militia, amounting in all to about
300 men. My command originally had not exceeded 180 rank
and file. Hunger, cold and fatigue, had brought on disease, and
though none died, all were exceedingly depressed, and sixteen
had been ordered home, as unable to continue the march. I re-
solved therefore to avoid the conflict on equal grounds, and imme-
diately retreated five miles, for the sake of a good position on the
western bank of the Twenty Mile Creek, leaving captain Gill
with twenty rangers to cover the rear, and to watch the enemy's
motions. We had encamped but a few minutes, when captain
Gill joined, after exchanging shots with the enemy's advance, in
Vainly attempting to reconnoitre his force. The Twenty Mile
Creek runs from north to south, through a deep and wide ravine,
and of course is flanked east and west by lofty heights. My camp
Mas formed upon the western heights. The enemy's on the oppo-
site. During the night of the 3d all was quiet. At sun-rise on
the 4th, the enemy appeared thinly upon the opposite heights,
fired upon us without effect, and vanished. After waiting some-
time For their re-appearance, lieutenant Knox of the rangers was
sent to reconnoitre. On his return he reported that the enemy
had retreated with the utmost precipitation, leaving his baggage
scattered upon the road, and that his trail and fires made him out
not more than seventy men. Mortified at the supposition of hav-
ing retrograded from this diminutive force, I instantly commenc-
ed the pursuit, with the design of attacking Delaware before the
opening of another day. We had not, however, proceeded beyond
five miles, when captain Lee, commanding the advance, discover-
ed the enemy in considerable force, arranging himself for battle.
The symptoms of fear and flight were now easil • traced to the
purpose of seducing me from the heights, and so far the plan suc-
ceeded. But the enemy failed to improve the advantage. If he
had thrown his chief force across the ravine above the road, and
occupied our camp when relinquished, thus obstructing my com-
munication to the rear, I should have been driven upon Delaware
against a superior force, since found to be, stationed there, or
forced to take the wilderness for Fort Talbot, without forage or
provisions. Heaven averted this calamity. We soon regained
the position at Twenty Mile Creek, and though the rangers were
greatly disheartened by the retreat, and to a man insisted upon
not lighting the enemy, we decided to exhibit on that spot, the
scene of death or victory. I was induced to adopt the order of
the hollow square to prevent the necessity of evolution, which
I knew all the troops are incompetent to perform in action. The
detachments of the 24th and 28th infantry occupied the brow of
the heights. The detachment from the garrison of Detroit, formed
the north front of the square, the rangers the west, and the militia

316

the south. Our horses and baggage stood in the centre ; the enter
niv threw his militia and Indians across the ravine above the mad,
aiid commenced the action with savage yells, and bugles sounding
from the north, west and south* His regulars at the same time
charged down the road from the opposite heights, crossed the
bridge and charged up the heights we occupied, within twenty
. the American line, and against the most destructive tire.
But bis frontsection was soon shot to pieces. Those who followed
were muchthined and wounded. His officers were soon cut down,
and I is antagonists continued to evince a degree of animation,
thai bespoke at once their boldness and security. He therefore
abandoned the charge, and took cover in the woods at diffused
order, between fifteen, twenty, and thirty paces of our line, and
placed all hopes upon his ammunition.

Our regulars being uncovered, were ordered to kneel, that the
brow of the heights might partly screen them from the enemy's
view. The filing increased on both sides with great vivacity; but
the crisis was over. 1 knew the enemy dare not uncover, and of
course that no second charge would be attempted. On the north,
west and south front, the firing had been sustained with much
coolness, and with considerable loss to the foe. Our troops on
those fronts being protected by logs hastily thrown together, and
the enemy not charging, both the rifle and the musket were aim-
ed at leisure, perhaps always told. The enemy at last became
persuaded, that providence had sealed the fortune of the day.
His cover on the east front was insufficient ; for as he had charged
in column of sections, and therefore, when dispersing on either
side of the road, was unable to extend his flanks, and as our re-
gulars presented an extended front from the beginning, it is evi-
dent that a common sized tree could not protect even one man,
much less the squads that often stood and breathed their last to-
gether; and yet upon his regulars the enemy relied for victory.
in concert, therefore, and favoured by the shades of twilight, he
commenced a general retreat, after one hour's close and gallant
conflict,

I did not pursue for the following reasons. First, we had tri-
umphed against numbers and discipline, and were therefore under
no obligation of honour to incur additional hazard. Second, in
these requisites (numbers and discipline) the enemy were still
bu peri or, and the night would have ensured success to an ambus-
cade. Third, the enemy's bugle sounded the close upon the op-
posite heights. If then we had pursued, we must have passed
over i.i him, a.- he did to us, because the creek could be passed on
horseback at no other point; and the troops being fatigued and
frost-bitten, and their shoes cut to pieces by the frozen ground, it
was mil possible to puisne on foot. It follows that the attempt to
pursue would have given the enemy the same advantage that pro
duced the defeat.

817

«ur lotto in killed and wounded, amounted to anon-commission-
ed officer and six privates, but the blood of between 80 aud 90
brave Englishmen, and among them four officers, avenged their
fall. The commander, captain Bardenof the 89th, is supposed
to have been killed at an early stage of the contest. The whole
American force in action, consisted of 150 rank and file, of whom
7i) were militia, including rangers. The enemy's regulars alone,
were from 1 .50 to 180 strong, and his militia and Indians fought
upon three fronts of our square.

1 am rn'iih indebted to all my regular officers, and trust their
names will be mentioned to the army and to the War Department.
Without intending a discrimination, it must be acknowledged,
that the exertions of lieutenants Kouns and Henry of the .:8th,
and Jackson and Potter of the 24th, were most conspicuous, be-
cause fortune had opposed them to the main strength of the toe.
Captain Lee of the. Michigan dragoons, was of great assistance be-
fore the action, at the head of the advance and spies, and my
warmest ihanks are due to acting sailing master Darling, of the
United 8tates' schooner SomCrs, who had volunteered to command
the artilh rv. Ensign Heard of the 28th, acting as volui teer ad-
jutant, merits mv acknowledgments, and especially fur his 7,eal m
defending mv opinion against a final retreat, when others per-
mitted their hopes to sink beneath the pressure of rhe moment.

The enemy's wounded and prisoners were treated with the ut-
most humanity. Though some of our men were marching in thin
Stocking feet, they were not permitted to take a shoe even from
die dead.

I have the honour to be, &c.

A. H. HOLMES, Capt. ?Ath Ivft,

Lieutenant colonel Butler.

UNITED STATES' SHIP UNITED STATES, NEW LONDON,

March 18th, 1814,

SIR,

I have the honour to forward to you enclosed, a despatch re-
ceived by me from captain Capel, the commanding officer of the
British squadron before this port, written in reply to an applica-
tion of mine, for the release of an American seaman, detained
against his will on board the frigate Statira.

Hiram Thayer, born in the town of Greenwich, in the county ol
Hampshire, ami commonwealth of Massachusetts, was impress-
ed into the naval service of Great Britain, in the month of August,
1803, and detained ever since. A! - years ago, when the

Statira was put in commission, he was transferred to her, am: has
been constantly on board her to this day. 1 am informed, and in
fact it was stated bv captain Stackpole to lieutenant Hamilton,
who was charged with the flag, that the late general Lyman, our

318

consul at London, made application to the Lords Commissioners
for the discharge of Thayer, but they were not satisfied with the
evidence of hi-; nativity.

Join Thayer, the father of Hiram, assures me, that the certi-
ficate of the select-men, the town clerk, and the minister of
Greenwich, were forwarded some time ago to Mr. Mitchel, the
resident agent for American prisoners of war at Halifax, but does
not know the reason why he was not released then. The son has
written to his father, and informed him that on his representing
to ca] f.iin Stackpole, that he was an American citizen, and would
not fight against his countrv, that captain Stackpole told him " if
they fell in with an American man of war, and he did not do his
duty, he should lie tied to the mast and shot like a dog."

On .Monday the 14th instant, John Thayer requested me to
allow him a Bag to no oft* to the enemy and ask for the release of
his son. This I granted at once, and addressed a note to captain
Capel, stating that I felt pursuaded that the application of the
father, furnished as he wai with conclusive evidence of the nativi-
ty and tlie identity of his son, would induce an immediate order
for his discharge. The reply is enclosed. The son descried his
father at a distance in the boat, and told the first lie itenant of
the Statira that it was his father, and I understand that the ieel-
manifested by the old man on receiving the hand of his son,
proved, beyond all other evidence, the property lie had in him.
re was no doubt left on the mind of a single British ofheerof
Hiram Thayer's being an American citizen; and yet he is de-
ed, not as a prisoner of war, but compelled, under the most
cruel Lhreats, to serve the enemies of his country.

has so recommended himself by his sobriety, industry
anship, as to he appointed a boatswain's mate, and is now
serving in that capacity in the Statira: and he says there is due
to him from the British government about two hundred and fifty
» nds rling. He has also assured his father, that he has al-
• n l"< hmI to receive any bounty or advance, lest it might
rd some pretext lor denying him his discharge whenever a pro-
per application should be made for it.

1 have the honour to be, &c.

STEPHEN DECATUR,
s, Secretary of the Navy.

SIXTH AND SEVENTH DISTRICTS, TOUT HAWKINS,

April 2d, 1814.
SIR,

I nave the honour of enclosing to your excellency the offi-
ac count of a decisive victory over the hostile Creek Indians,
red by the military talents and enterprize of general Jack-
supported by the distinguished valor and good conduct of

319

the gallant troops under his command. While the sigh of human-
ity will escape for tin? profuse effusion of human blood, which
results from tin- savage principle of our enemy, neither to give
nor accej.t quarter, and while every American will deeply la-
ment the lo-^s of our meritorious fellow soldiers who have fallen
in this contest, we have ample cause of gratitude to the giver of
all victory for thus continuing his protection to our women and
children, who would otherwise be exposed to the indiscriminate
havoc of the tomahawk and all the horrors of savage warfare.

1 have the honour to be, &c.

THOMAS PINCKNEY,

Mag. Gen. U. S. arm;;.
His excellency Gov. Early.

(iNCLOSURE.)

ON THE BATTLE GROUND, IN THE BEND OF THE TALAPOOSIE,

March 28th, 1814.

SIR,

I feel particularly happy in being able to communicate to you
the fortunate eventration of my expedition to Talapoosie. I
reached the head near Emucfau (called by the whites Horse.
Shoe) about 10 o'clock on the forenoon of yesterday, where I
found the strength of the neighboring towns collected ; expecting
our approach, they had gathered in from Oakfuskee, Oakehoga,
New Vorcau, Ilillibees, the Fish Pond, and Eufalee towns, to the
number it is said of 1 000. It is difficult to conceive a situation more
eligible for defence than the one they had chosen, or one rendered
more secure by the skill with which they had ereted their breast-
work. It was from 5 to 8 feet high, and extended across the point in
such a direction, as that a force approaching it would be exposed to
a double fire, while they lay in perfect security behind. A cannon
pla: ted at one extremity could have raked it to no advantage.

Determined to exterminate the!.', I detached general Coffee
with the mounted, and nearly the whole of the Indian, force, early
on the morning of yesterday, to cross the river about two miles
below their encampment, and t<> surround the bend in such a
manner, as that none ©f them should escape by attempting to cross
the river. With the infantry 1 proceeded slowly and in order
along the point of land which led to the front of their breast-
work ; having planted my cannon, (one six and one three poun-
der) on an eminence at the distance of 150 to 200 yards from it.
I opened a very brisk fire, playing upon the enemy with the mus-
kc- and rifles whenever the) shewd themselves bevond it ; this
was kept up, with short interruptions, for about two hours, when a
pair of the Indian force and captain Russell's, and lieutenant
Be. tu's companies of spies, who had accompanied general Coffee,
crossed over in canoes to the extremity of the bind, and set fire

350

lo a few of the buildings which were there situated ; they theii
advanced with greal gallantry towards the breastwork, and com-
menced a spirited fire upon the enemy behind it. Finding that
force, notw ithstandirtg the bravery thus displayed, was wholly
insufficient to dislodge them, and that general Coffee had entirely
B toured t! ipp >site bank, of the river, I now determined to take
■ e ;■ works ■ storm* The men by whom this was to be effected
ha i been waii ag with impatience to receive the order, and hailed
ii i< : acclamation. The spirit which animated them was a sure
augur j »f the success which was to follow. The history of war-
Li ik furnishes few instances of a more brilliant attack;
i ilars led on by their intrepid and skillful commander,

el Williams, and by the gallant major Montgomery, soon
• pos session of the works in the midst of a most tremendous
i behind them, and the militia of the venerable general
Doherl y's brigade accompanied them in the charge With a vivacity
firmness which would have done honour to regular^. The
ene is completely routed. Five hundred and fifty -seven were

left dead on the peninsula, and a great number were killed by the
liorsemen in attemp i . ; tocross the river. It is believed that not
more than twenty have ped.

The !■ itinued with some severity about five hours,

but we continued to destroy many of them, who had concealed
the; under the banks of the ri ver, until we were prevented

by the night. This morning we killed sixteen who had been
concealed. We took about 250 prisoners, all women and children
except two or three. Our loss is 106 wounded, and 25 killed.
Major M-i itosh, tl e ( owetau, who joined my army with a part of
hi> tribe reatly distinguished himself. When I get a leisure
hour i ili send you a more detailed account.

According to my o purpose, I commenced my return

march to Port Williams to-day, and shall, if I find sufficient
supplies there, hasten to the Hickory ground. The power of the
Creeks is I think forever brol en.

I have the honour to be, &c.

A.NDREW JACKSON, Maj. Gen.
Major general Thomas Pinckney.

r the battle of the Horse Shu:' general Jackson made the JoU
lou ing address to the army, March 28//;, 1814.

SOLDIERS,

Y<> i have entitled yourselves to the gratitude of your coun-
try and your general. The expedition, from which you have just
rnea, has, by your good conduct, been rendered prosperous,
d v example in the historj of our warfare: it has re-
deemed the character of your state, and of that description tfr
troops, of which the greater part of you arc.

321

You have, within a few days, opened your way to the Tallapoo-
sie, and destroyed a confederacy of the enemy, ferocious by na-
ture, and grown insolent from impunity. Relying on their num-
bers, the security of their situation, and the assurances of their
prophets, they derided our approach, and already exulted, in
anticipation of the victory they expected to obtain. But they
were ignorant of the influence of government on the human pow-
ers, nor knew what brave men, and civilized, could effect. By
their yells, they hoped to frighten us, and with their wooden forti-
fications to oppose us. Stupid mortals! their yells but designa^-
ted their situation the more certainly ; whilst their walls became
a snare for their own destruction. So will it ever be when
presumption and ignorance contend against bravery and pru-
dence.

The fiends of the Tallapoosie will no longer murder our women
and children, or disturb the quiet of our borders. Their mid-
night flambeaux will no more illumine their council-house, or
shine upon the victim of their infernal orgies. In their places, a
new generation will arise, who will know their duty better. The
weapons of warfare will be exchanged for utensils of husbandry ;
and the wilderness, which now withers in sterility, and mourns
the desolation which overspreads her, will blossom as the rose,
and become the nursery of the arts. But before this happy day
can arrive, other chastisements remain to be inflicted. It is
indeed lamentable, that the path to peace should lead through
blood, and over the bodies of the slain: but it is a dispensation
of Providence, to inflict partial evils that good may be produced.

Our enemies are not sufficiently humbled ; they do not sue for
peace. A collection of them awaits our approach, and remain to
be dispersed. Buried in ignorance, and seduced by their prophets,
thev have the weakness to believe they will still be able to make
a stand against us. They must be undeceived, and made to atone
for their obstinacy and their crimes, by still further suffering.
The hopes which have so long deluded them, must be driven from
their last refuge. They must be made to know that their pro-
phets are impostors, and that our strength is mighty, and will
prevail. Then, and not till then, may we expect to make with,
them a peace that shall be lasting,

Extract of a letter from general Jackson to governor Blount.

March 28th, 1814.

" I took up the line of march on the morning of the 24th instant,
and having opened a passage of 5-2 miles over the ridges which
divide the waters of the two rivers, I reached the bend of the Ta-
lapoosie three miles beyond where I had the engagement of the.
22d January, and at the southern extremity of New Yorcau oa

322

the morning of the 27th. This bend resembles in its curvature
{ha! of a hocse shoe, and is thence called by that name among the
3. Nature furnishes few situations as eligible for defence;
and barbarians have never rendered one more secure by art. Across
the neck of land which leads into it from the north, they have
had erected a breast-work of the greatest compactness and strength,
from five to eight feet high, and prepared with double rows of
Imles very artfully arranged. The figure of this wall roani-
ed no less skill in the projectors Of it, than its construction:
an army could not approach it, without being exposed to a double
and" cross fire from the enemy, who lay in perfect security behind
it. The area of this peninsula, thus bounded by breast-works,
includes, 1 conjecture, 80 or 100 acres.

" Having maintained for a few minutes a very obstinate conflict,
muzzle to muzzle, through the port holes, in which muni/ of the
enemy's balls were welded to the bayonets of our muskets, our troops
succeeded in gaining the opposite side of the works. The event
could no longer be doubtful. The enemy, although many of
them fought to the last with that kind of bravery which despera-
tion inspires, were at length routed and cut to pieces. The whole
margin of the river which surrounded the peninsula, was strewed
with the slain.

" Among the dead was found their famous prophet Monahooe,
shot in the mouth by a grapeshot, as if Heaven designed to chas-
tise his impostures by an appropriate punishment. Two other
prophets were also killed; leaving no others, as I learn, on the
Talapoosie. Our loss was 26 white men killed and 106 wounded.
Cherok< es 18 killed and 36 wounded. Friendly Creeks 5 killed
and 1 1 wounded.

"The loss of colonel Williams's regiment of regulars is 17 killed

and 55 wounded, two of whom have since died. Amongst the

former were major Montgomery, lieutenant Somerville, and lieu-

■ I Moulton, who fell in the charge made on the works. No

men ever acted more gallantl) or fell more gloriously.

"Of the artillery company commanded by captain Parish, 11
were wounded, one of whom, Samuel Garner, has since died!
Lieutenants Allen and llidjrely were both wounded. The whole
eompany acted with its usual gallantry. Captain Bradford of the
17th United States' infantry, who acted as chief engineer, and
superintended the firing of the cannon, has entitled himself, by his
good conduct, to my warmest thanks.

" To saj nil iua word, the whole army who achieved this fortu-
nate victory, have merited, by their good conduct, the gratitude
..I' their country. So far as 1 saw or could learn, there was not
an officer or soldier who did not perforin his duty with the ut-
most fidelity. The conduct of the militia on this occasion has gone
far toward- redeeming the character of that description of troops.
They have been as orderly in their encampments, and on their
line of march, as they have been signally bane in the day of battle.

323

Tn a few days T shall take up the line of march for the Hickory
ground; and have every thing to hope from such troops."

The following extract from the life of general Jackson, by his aid,
John Reid, brevet major, United States11 army, pourtrays the
difficulties which surrounded the general prior to the battle
of Tohopeka or the Horse Shoe.

" Nothing was wanted now, to put the troops in motion, and
actively to prosecute the war, but necessary supplies. Remon-
stance, entreaty, and threats, had long since been used, and ex-
hausted. Every mean had been resorted to, to impress on the
minds of the contractors the necessity of urging forward, in
faithful discharge of their duty ; but the same indifference and
neglect were still persisted in. Toward off the effects of such
great evils, — evils which he foresaw would again eventuate in
discontent and revolt, Jackson resolved to pursue a different
course, and no longer depend on persons who had so frequently
disappointed him. lie accordingly despatched messengers to the
nearest settlements, with directions to purchase provisions at
whatever price they could be procured. This course, to these in-
cumbents on the nation, afforded an argument much stronger than
any to which he had before resorted. Thus assailed in a
way they had not before thought of, by being held and made
liable for the amount of the purchases, they exerted themselves
in discharge of a duty they had hitherto shamefully neglected.
Every expedient had been tried, to urge them to a compliance
with the obligations they were under to their government ; un-
til present, none had proved effectual. In one of his letters,
about this time, the general remarks : ' I have no doubt, but a
combination has been formed, to starve us out, and defeat the
objects of the campaign ; but McGee ought to have recollected that
he had disappointed and starved my army once; and now in re-
turn, it shall be amply provided for, at his expense. At this
point, he was to have delivered the rations, and whatever they
may cost, at this place, he will be required to pay ; any price
that will ensure their delivery, I have directed to be given.'
The supplying an army by contractors, he had often objected to, as
highly exceptionable and dangerous. His monitor, on this sub-
ject, was his own experience. Disappointment, mutiny, and
abandonment by his troops, when in the full career of success,
and an unnecessarily protracted campaign, were among the evils
already experienced, and which he wished, if possible, to be in fu-
ture avoided.

" Under these and other circumstances which seemed to in-
volve much more serious consequences, the general bad but little
repose or quietness; every thing was working in opposition to his
wishes. The East Tennessee brigade, under the command of

324

Bohcrty, having been instructed to halt, until adequate supplies
should "be received at head quarters, had already manifested many
Bymptoms of revolt, and was with much difficulty restrained from
returning immediately home. Added to their own discontents,
and unwillingness to remain in service, much pains had been ta-
ken by a personage high in authority, to scatter dissension
amongst them, and to persuade them, that they had been impro-
perly called out, and without suflicient authority } — that the draft
was illegal, and that they were under no necessity to serve.
Arguments like these, urged by a man of standing, were well cal-
culated to answer the end desired ; what the governing motive
was, that gave rise to a course of conduct so strange, is difficult to
be imagined ; none was ever avowed, and certainly none can be
given, that will account for it satisfactorily. On the morning
that general Doherty was about to proceed to head quarters, he
was astonished to find a beating up for volunteers, to abandon his
camp and return home. Notwithstanding all his efforts to pre-
vent it, one hundred and eighty deserted. His surprise was still
greater, on learning, that a captain from Carter county, had been
instructed by major general Cocke, that in the event of his march-
ing back any number of the troops, he would take upon himself to
discharge them, on their return to Knoxville. Before this, Cocke
had been at the camp of Doherty, and had, by different means,
attempted to excite mutiny and disaffection among the troops.
As a reason for being unwilling to go with them in command, he
stated, that they would be placed in a situation which lie disliked
to mention, and one which his feelings would not enable him to
witne>s : that they were going out to be placed under the com-
mand of general Jackson, who would impose on them the seve-
rest trials, and where they would have to encounter every privation
and suffering. He represented, that at head quarters there was
not a sufficiency of provisions on hand to last five days ; nor was
there a probability that there would be any change of circum-
stances for the better ; — that should they once be placed in the
power of Jackson, he would, with the regular force under his
command, compel them to serve as long as he pleased. Expres-
sions like these, (o men who had never before been in the field,
and coming from one who had already been employed in a res-
pectable command, were well calculated to poduce serious im-
pressions. Doherty, who was a brigadier in the first dhision, was
at a Loss to know how he should proceed with his own mayor gen-
eral, who had obtruded himself into his camp, and was endea-
voring to excite a revolt ; he accordingly despatched an express
to head quarters, to give information of what was passing. The
messenger arrived, and, in return, received an order from gen-
eral Jackson to Doherty, commanding him, peremptorily, to seize,
and send undei guard to Fort Strother, every officer, without re-
gard to his rank, who should be found, in any manner, attempt-
ing to excite his army to mutiny. General Cocke, perhaps appre-

325

bending what was going on, had retired before this order arrived ,
ami thus escaped the punishment due to so aggravated an
offence."

PROVINCE OF LOWER CANADA,

Odell Town, March 31st, 1314:

SIR,

We have had an affair with the enemy, in which our troop.3
have given him another test of firmness and valour.

Pursuant to the designs communicated to you in my last, and
to accomplish your views if in my power, I entered Canada yes-
terday morning, and was met by the enemy near this place, about
eleven (."clock, whom we forced at every point of attack on
the route to La Cole, distant from hence one league, and from
St. John's six. We reached the former post about three o'clock,
ai ind there a strong corps in possession of a spacious loity

stone mill, of which I had received some information. An eigh-
teen pounder had been ordered forward to effect the destruction
of lis building, butit broke down, and after being repaired, the
only road of approach through a deep forest was reported to be
impracticable to a gun of such weight. An opinion prevailed at
the same time with the chief engineer, major Totten, founded on
intelligence previously received, and several of the best inform-
ed officers, that an iron twelve would suffice to make a breach;
but after a fair and tedious experiment at 300 yards distance only,,
it was discovered our battery could make no impression.

Brigadier generals Smith and Bissell, covered our guns, and
brigadier general Macomb, with a select corps, formed the re-
serve. The enemy had been reported, from a source considered
strictly confidential, to 2500 strong, and his first attack of my
right favoured the report, from the use he made of congreve
roc ets and other indications of deliberate preparation; the
corps therefore, were held in high order to receive his combined
attack. Yet believing in the efficacy of our battery, dispositions
had been matte to intercept the enemy, should he evacuate the
post, and to give it the utmost effect, we were obliged to take,
ground near the margin of the field, which encompassed the mill.
During the cannonade, which was returned with vivacity by the
enemy's gallies (1 presume) several sorties and desperate charges
were 'made from the mill upon our battery, winch were repulsed
with incredible coolnes3 by the covering corps, at the expense
of some blood and some lives on both sides ; it is reported to me,
that in the last charge, a captain of grenadiers and fifteen men
fell together, but i cannot vouch tor the fact. Finding all our
attempts to make a breach unsuccessful, I withdrew the battery,
called in my detachments, and having removed our dead and
wounded, and every tiling else, fell back to this place about six
o'clwck.

S2G

Where a militai v corps appears to be universally animated by
e si - >ilities, where the only competition is for danger
I '/!. r\, i:i(i vidual distinctions seem improper, except in ex-
ian cases, such as the conduct of the officers who com-
manded our battery yesterday. Captain M'Pherson, ofthelighi
artillery, (my military secretary, impelled by the noble spirit.
wl ich marks his whole character,) asked permission to take part
in the operations oi the day with liis proper arm ; he was indulg-
ed, and being first for command, tooic charge of" the pieces which
followed the advance and formed our battery, in which he was
Beconded by lieutenants Larrabee and Sheldon. On opening bis
fire he seemed inclined to the opinion he could make an impres-
sion on die work, i:::: he soon received a wound under the chin,
which he tied up with his handkerchief, and continued at his piece,
until a second shot, which broke his thigh, brought him to the
earth. Larrabee had kept his station, until shot through the
lungs, and ^!>«l Ion kept up the fire until ordered to retire. The
<mii, hut of iM'-,' gentlemen has, from the nature of their duties,
spicuoush gallant, as to attract the admiration of their
brethren i:: arms, and should (I humbly conceive) be distinguish-
ed by the executive. 1 have sent inward my wounded, who can
bear the m e ml to Plattsburg or Burlington, and those who
( aot, will be provided for at Champlain. 1 would hold this
I :il 1 received further orders, were it not for the diffi-

- irting >ur provisions, and the impossibility to cover
the roo I mall not retire further than Champlain, which

ive miles from St. John's, and forty-two from
Monti !.

I cannot cjose t'.i - I itter without confessing my obligations to
my general . and to my general staff of every

de, for tli • able and . rompl supporl 1 reci ived from them. So
fair does not merit so tedious a detail, but it warrants
IK-' i thai it will produce a degree of self confidence, ofre-

cipi ■-;, of harmou) ami •• attachments in this corps

I efici I to this service. It is a lesson of command to the

■ >, and of obedience to the soldiers, worth a whole year's
drill of empty parades. The returns of killed and wounded, have
trnished, but they will not exceed 80 or 90, in-
. :i and fo i- subalterns, and this shall be forward-
ed 1 row or next day. For the. ipforniation of their friends,
\ou have at foot the nanus of the wounded officers.

With great t'CSpe< t, &C.

JAMES WILKINSON.

irs wounded:

Captain M'Pherson, lieutcnanl Larrabee, light artillery ; lieu-
ten- en, 1 1 tli infantry ; leutenant Parker, 14th infantry;
lieutenant Kci r, rifle regiment.

SIR,

327

RUTLEDGE, April 6th, 1814.

The limited means I set out with to procure provisions for the
troops under yourcommand, and the transportation thereof, would
in almost every other country have proved ineffectual. The con-
tractors, the quarter master and the citizens concerned with me,
have all done their duty, and it is with much pleasure that I now
announce to you, that the waters have risen, and theboatsare de-
scending the rivers Hohstein, Frenchbroad, and Tennessee, so
that we shall be able to land from three to five thousand barrels of
bread shift*, from thirty to fifty thousand weight of bacon and
other necessary supplies at Fort Deposit, within eight or ten days,
in addition to what you now have, which will more than realize
your best expectations. It is a high gratification forme to assure
you that the best exertions to aid me in ail things necessary, have
been cheerfully afforded by my fellow citizens in all parts of the
state; as well as in the county ot Madison, in the Mississippi ter-
ritory. May glory and conquest still attend you.

I have the honour to be, &c.

WILLIAM COCKE.

'Major general Andrew Jackson.

CAMP, AT THE JUNCTION OF THE COOSEE &. TALAPOOSIE,

April 18th, 1814.

SIR,

I am happy to inform you that the campaign is drawing to a
prosperous close. We have scoured tie Coasee and Talapoosie,
and the intervening country. A part of the enemy on the latter
river, made their escape across it just before our arrival, and are
flying in consternation towards Pensacola. Many of those on the
Coosce and the neighbouring country, have come in and surren-
dered unconditionally ; and others are on their way, and hourly
arriving, to submit in the same way. We will overtake those who
have fled, and make them sensible there is no more safety in flight
than in resistance.

Many of the negroes who were taken at fort Minims, have been
delivered up, and one white woman (Polly Jones), with her two
children. They will be properly taken care of. The Talapoosie
king has been arrested, and is here in confinement. The Tosta-
hatchee king of the Hickory ground tribe, has delivered himself
up. Weatherford has been with me, and I did not confine him.
He will be with me again in a few days. Peter M'Quin has bean
taken, but escaped; he must be taken again. Hillishagee, their
great prophet, has also absconded ; bu. he will be found. Thev
were the instigators of the war, and such is their situation.

32$

The advance of the eastern division formed a junction with me
at the Hallawellee, on the 15th, and accompanied me to fort
Decatur, opposite Tuckabatchee, and the rest will arrive in a few-
days, except what will be left for the retention of the posts. Major
general Pinckney will join the army at this place to-morrow or
next day. The business of the campaign will not, I presume,
require that I or my troops should remain here much longer.
General Pinckney and colonel Hawkins, who is now with me,
have been appointed to make the treaty.

I am, sir, very respectfully, &c.

ANDREW JACKSON, Maj. Gen.

Vlis excellency Willie Blount,

Governor of Tennessee.

UNITED STATES' SHIP GENERAL PIKE,

Sackett's Harbour, April 27th, 1814.
SIR,

The night of the 25th instant, two of our guard boats fell in
with three of the enemy's boats in this bay. Lieutenant Dudley,
(the officer of the guard) hailed and was answered, "guard boats;"
this, however, not being satisfactory, he repeated the hail, but was
not answered ; finding that strange boats were endeavouring to
cut him off from the shore, he fired upon them; the enemy, lay-
ing upon their oars for a short time, pulled in towards Bull Rock
Point, without returning the fire. Lieutenant Dudley returned
to the fleet, and got a reinforcement of boats; but nothing more
was seen of the enemy that night. Yesterday morning, I directed
both shores of Shermont Hay to be examined, to see whether the
enemy had not secreted himself in some of the small Creeks. No-
thing, however, was discovered, but six barrels of powder, found
in the water near the shore, where our guard boats fired on the
enemy; these barrels were all slung in such a manner, that one
man could take two across his shoulders and carry them ; each
barrel had a hole bored in the head of about an inch diameter, with
a wooden plug in it ; these barrels of powder were evidently fitted
for the purpose of blowing our large ship up, if the enemy could
ha\ e gol in undiscovered, by placing them under the ship's bottom,
and putting a piece of slow match or port-fire in the hole in the
head, which would burn a sufficient time to allow the parties to
escape before the fire would communicate to the powder ; this also
iccounts for the enemy not returning the fire of our boats, for,
having so much powder in, he was apprehensive of accidents,
which no doubt induced him to heave it overboard, to be prepared
to return the fire if he was pursuedt

It would have been impossible for the enemy to have succeeded,
even if he had eluded our guard boats (which there are two lines
of;) for, independent of all the approaches by water being secured

329

by booms, the Madison is moored across the large ship's stern
within twenty yards, and her guns loaded with canister and bags
of musket balls, to rake under the bottom if necessary. A lieute-
nant, two midshipmen and ten men, are on watch under the
ship's Ijottom every night, besides a marine guard outside of her.
With all these precautions, I think that it would be impossible for
an enemy to land near the ship yard unobserved. However, after
this discovery of the enemy's intentions, we shall redouble out
vigilance and exertions to preserve our fleet to meet the enemy
fairly upon the Lake.

1 have the honour to be, &c.

ISAAC CHAUNCEY.

Honourable W. Jones.

UNITED STATES' SHIP ADAMS, April 29th, 1814.

SIR,

Having passed the enemy in Lynhaven, on the night of the
18th of January last, I steered to the southward of Bermuda, and
crossed the Atlantic, between 28 and 32 degrees, north latitude.
Oo the 29th January, captured an English schooner from Malaga
to Halifax, with a cargo of witie, oil and fruit, which we burnt, as
am' likewise did another schooner from Newfoundland to Grenada,
with a cargo offish and oil, captured on the 9th February.

On the 4th March, captured a small sloop boat under Cape
Mount, on the coast of Africa, with a little rice and Camwood on
board ; twenty leagues east of Cape Palinas, we captured on the
11th March, the brig Roebuck, of London, with a small quantity
of ivory, a quantity of palm oil, and various other articles. After
destroying her armament and cargo, we paroled our prisoners, and
gave them the brig as a cartel to Sierra Leone. After a long
chase on the 25th March, the last four hours of which was in thick
weather, we captured the English India ship Woodbridge, with
a cai£>;o of rice and dye-woods, but had scarcely taken possession
of her, when the weather cleared up, and we discovered a fleet of 25
sail immediately to windward of us, and two ships of war standing
for us ; we were compelled to abandon the prize with precipita
tion, and attend to our own safety, till 11 A. M. the next day,
when they save over the chase and returned to the fleet. I inclosf
the paroles signed by the prisoners.

I have the honour to be, &c.

C. MORRIS.
Honourable William Jones.

UNITED STATES' SLOOP PEACOCK, AT SEA,

Latitude 27, 47, longitude 89, April 29th, 1314
SIR,

I have the honour to inform you, that we have this morning
captured, after an action of 42 minuted, his majesty's brijjEpcT-

33«

vier, captain Wales, rating and mounting 18 thirty-two pound car-
ronades, with 128 men, of whom 8 were killed and 15 wounded,
according to the best information we could obtain. Among the latter
is her first lieutenant, who has lost an arm, and received a severe
splinter wound on the hip. Not a man in the Peacock was killed,
and only two wounded, neither dangerously so. The fate of the
Epervier would have been determined in much less time, but for
the circumstance of our fore yard being totally disabled by two
round shot in the starboard quarter from her first broadside, which
entirely deprived us of the use of our fore and fore-top sails
and compelled us to keep the ship large throughout the remain-
der of the action. This, with a few top-mast and top -gallant back
stays cut away, a few shot through our sails, is the only injury
the Peacock has sustained. Not a round shot touched our hull ;
our masts and spars are as sound as ever. When the enemy
struck he had five feet water in his hold, his main top-mast was
over the side, his main boom shot away, his fore-mast cut nearly
in two and tottering, his fore rigging and stays shot away, his
bowsprit badly wounded, and forty-five shot holes in his hull,
twenty of which were within a foot of his water line. By great
exertion we got her in sailing order just as dark came on.

In fifteen "minutes after the enemy struck, the Peacock was
ready for another action, in every respect but her fore yard, which
was sent down, finished and had the foresail set again in forty
five minutes : such was the spirit and activity of our gallant crew.
The Epervier had under her convoy an English hermaphrodite brig,
a Russian and a Spanish ship, which all hauled their wind and
stood to the east north-cast. I had determined upon pursuing the
former, but found that it would not answer to leave our prize in
her then crippled state, and the more particularly so, as we found
she had in 120,000 dollars in specie, which we soon transferred to
this sloop. Every officer, seaman and marine did his duty, which
is the highest compliment i can pay them.

1 am, respectfully,

L. WARRINGTON.
•Honourable William Jones;

SAVANNAH, May 1st, 1814.
SIR,

I have the honour of informing you of my arrival here in late
his Britannic majesty's brig Epervier, of eighteen 32 pound car-
ronades, captain Wales, captured by the sloop Peacock, captain
Warrington, on Friday morning, the 29th ultimo, oft' cape Carna-
veral, after an action of forty-two minutes, in which time she was
much cut up in hull, spars, rigging and sails, with upwards ot
five feet water in her hold, having the advantage of the weather
?age

331

She has lost 3 killed and 15 wounded, among the latter her first
lieutenant, who has lost his arm. I am happy to say the Peacock
received no material injury : her fore yard and two men slightly
wounded ; she received not one shot in her hull. The brig had
upwards of one hundred thousand dollars on board.

I have the honour to be, &c.

JOHN B. NICGLSON.
Honourable William Jones.

UNITED STATES' SHIP GENERAL PIKE, SACKETT'S HARBOR,

Mav 1st, 1814.

SIR,

I am happy to have it in my power to inform you, that the
United States' ship " Superior" was launched this morning, with-
out accident. The Superior is an uncommon beautiful, well-built
ship, something larger than the President, and could mount 64
guns, if it was thought advisable to put as many upon her. This
ship has been built in the short space of eighty days, and when it
is taken into view, that two brigs of 500 tons each, have also been
built, rigged, and completely fitted for service, since the first of
February, it will be acknowledged, that the mechanics employed
on this station have done their duty.

1 have the honour to be, &c.

ISAAC CHAUNCEY.
Honourable Wilbam Jones.

UNITED STATES' SLOOP PEACOCK, May 5th, 1814.
SIR,

As my letter of yesterday was too late for the mail, I address
you again in the pertormance of a duty which is pleasing and gra-
tifying to me in a high degree, and is but doing justice to the
merits of the deserving officers under my command, of whom I
have hitherto refrained from speaking, as I considered it most
correct to make it a subject of a particular communication.

To the unwearied and indefatigable attention of first lieutenant
Nicolson in organizing and training the crew, the success of this
action is in a great measure to be attributed. I have confided
greatly in him, and have never found my confidence misplaced.
For judgment, coolness, and decision in times of difficulty, few
can surpass him. This is the second action in which he has been
engaged this war, and in both he has been successful. His great
pride is to earn a commander's commission, by fighting for, instead
of heiring it.

From second lieutenant Henley, and lieutenant Voorhees (act-
ting third, who has also twice been successfully engaged) I receiv-
ed every assistance that zeal, ardor and experience could afford.
The fire from their two divisions was terrible, and directed with

332

'test precision and coolness. In sailing master Percival,
:eat wish and pride is to obtain a lieutenant's commission,
remitting ml constant attention to duty, added to
his professional knowledge, entitle him to it in my opinion, I found
as well as viiling assistant. He handled the ship as if
he had been working her into a roadstead. Mr. David Cole, acting
enter, 1 have also found such an able and valuable man in his
occupation, that I must request, in the most earnest manner, that
he may receive a warrant : for 1 feel confident that to his uncom-
mon exertions, we, in a great measure, owe the getting our prize
into port. From 11 A. M. to 6 P. M. he was over her side stop-
ping shot holes, on a grating, and when the ordinary resources
failed of success, his skill soon supplied him with efficient ones.
Mr. Philip Myers, master's mate, has also conducted himself in
such a manner as to warrant my recommendation of him as a
master. He is a seaman, navigator, and officer; his family in
Now York is respectable, and he would prove an acquisition to
the service. My clerk, Mr. John S. Townsend, is anxious to
obtain, through my means, a midshipman's warrant, and has taken
pains to qualify himself for it, by volunteering and constantly
performing a midshipman's duty. Indeed I have but little use
tor a clerk, and he is as great a proficient as any of the young
midshipmen, the whole of whom behaved in a manner that was
pleasing to me, and must be gratifying to you, as it gives an ear-
nest of what they will make in time; three only have been to sea
before, and one only in a man of war ; yet they are as much at
home, and as much disposed to exert themselves, as any officer of
the ship. Lieutenant Nicolson speaks in high terms of the con-
duct of -Messrs. Greeves and Rodgers (midshipmen) who were in
the prize with him.

I have the honour to be, &c.

L. WARRINGTON.
Honourable; William Jones.

Extract of a letter from Commodore C'liauncey to the Secretary of

the Navy.

UNITED STATES' SHIP GENERAL PIKE, SACKETT'S HARBOR,

May 7th, 1814.

" T received a letter from captain "Woolsey last evening, dated
at 6 o'clock P. M. on the 5th instant. The enemy had been
cannonading Oswego about three hours when the express came
away, without doing any injury. He had been twice repulsed in
Ins attempt to land, and the officers and men in high spirits, and
expected to be able to hold out until reinforcements arrived.
Colonel Mitchell and captain Woolsey are both excellent officers,
and I may say, without disparagement to any other corps, that the
3d regiment of artillery is one of the best disciplined corps in the

333

army, and is remarkable for the great number of scientific and
correct officers in it — we therefore may expect a most gallant de-
fence of Oswego. If the enemy has succeeded in taking the place,
lie has paid dearly for it. The attack, 1 presume, was renewed
yesterday morning, as the guns we heard distinctly at this place
from morning until about 2 P. M. when the firins"ceased."

I XI TED STATES' SHIP GENERAL PIKE, SACKF.TT'S HARBOR,

May 7th, 5 o'clock P. M. 1814.
SIR,

The enemy's fleet passed in sight about an hour since, at a
great distance, and standing for Kingston. We have several
vague reports, that the enemy landed from 1500 to 3000 men,
and that they carried the fort at Oswego by storm and put the
garrison to the sword; others, that the garrison, with captain
W oolsey and seamen, surrendered, and that the enemy was
marching to the falls. All these reports are unquestionably
much exaggerated, and if it should turn out that Oswego has been
taken, it will be found that the troops and seamen did their du-
ly, and that the enemy has paid dearly for the place.

1 have the honour to be, &c.

ISAAC CHAUNCEY.

Honourable W. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

GENERAL ORDERS.

HEAD QUARTERS, SACKETT'S HARBOR, May 12th, 1814.

Major general Brown has the satisfaction of announcing to the
troops of his division, that the detachment under the command of
lieutenant colonel Mitchell, of the corps of artillery, have, by their
gallant and military conduct on the 5th and Gth instant, gained a
name in arms worthy of the nation they serve and the cause they
support. For nearly two days they maintained an unequal con-
test against ten times their numbers, and but yielded their post
when the interest of their country made that measure necessary.

The companies composing this gallant detachment were Boyle's,
Romayne's, M'lntires, and Pierce's, of the heavy artillery, and a
few seamen under the command of lieutenant Pearce of the
navy — in all, less than threp hundred men. The enemy's force
by land and water exceeded three thousand.

HEAD QUARTERS, SACKETT'S HARBOR,

May 12th, 1814

SIR.

Enclosed is an abstract from the report of lieutenant colonel
Mitchell, of the aft'air at Oswego. Being well satisfied with the

334

manner in which the colonel executed my orders, and with the
evidence given of steady discipline and gallant conduct on the
part of the troops, I have noticed them in the general order, a
copv of which is enclosed.

The enemy's object was the naval and military stores deposit-
ed at the falls, 10 miles in the rear of the fort. These were pro-
tected. The stores at the fort and village were not important.

I am, &c.

JACOB BROWN, maj. gen.
lion. Secretary at War.

LIEUTENANT COLONEL MITCHELL'S REPORT.

I informed you of my arrival at fort Oswego on the 30th ulti-
mo. This post being but occasionally and not recently occupied
by regular troops, was in a bad state of defence. Of cannon we
had but five old guns, three of which had lost their trunnions —
what could be done in the way of repair was effected — new plat-
forms were laid, the gun carriages put in order, and decayed
pickets replaced. On the fifth instant the British naval force,
consisting of 4 large ships, 3 brigs and a number of gun and
other boats, were descried at revellie beating about 7 miles from
the fort. Information was immediately given to captain Wool-
sej of the navy, ( who was at Oswego village) and to the neigh-
boring militia. It being doubtful on what side of the river the
enemy would attempt to land, and my force (290 effectives) being
too small to bear division, 1 ordered the tents to be pitched on the
\ iliage side, while 1 occupied the other with my whole force. It
i- probable that this artifice had its effect and determined the en-
emy to attack where, from appearances, they expected the least
opposition. About one o'clock the fleet approached. Fifteen
boats, large and crowded with troops, at a given signal, moved
■-lowly to the shore. These were preceded by gun boats sent to
rake the woods and cover the landing, while the larger vessels
opened a lire upon the fort. Captain Boyle, and lieutenant Le-
gate, (so soon as the debarking boats got within range of our
shot) opened upon them a very successful fire from the shore
battery, and compelled them twice to retire. They at length
returned to the ships, and the whole stood off' from the shore for
better anchorage. One of the enemy's boats, which had been
deserted, was taken up by us, and some others by the militia.
The firsl mentioned was sixty feet long, and carried thirty-six
oars ami three sails, and could accommodate 150 men. She had
received a ball through her bow, and was nearly filled with
water.

Picket guards were stationed at different points, and we lay on
our arms during the night.

,335

At day break on the 6th the fleet appeared, bearing up under
easy sail. The Wolfe, &c. took a position directly against the
fort and batteries, and for 3 hours kept up a heavy fire of grape,
&c. Finding that the enemy had effected a landing, I withdrew
in n small disposable force into the rear of the fort, and with two
companies, (Romavne's and Melvin's) met their advancing col-
umns, while the other companies engaged the flanks of the ene-
my. Lieutenant Pierce of the navy and some seamen, joined in
the attack, and fought with their characteristic bravery. We
maintained our ground about 30 minutes, and as long as consist-
ed with my farther duty of defending the public stores deposit-
ed at the falls, which no doubt formed the principal object of
the expedition on the part of the enemy. Nor was this move-
ment made precipitately. I halted within 400 yards of the fort.
Captain Romayne's company formed the rear guard, and, remain-
ing with it, I marched t<» this place in good order, destroying the
bi ids;es in mv rear. The enemy landed 600 of De Watteville's
regiment, 600 marines, two companies of the Glengary corps, and
350 seamen.

General Drummond and commodore Yeo were the land and
naval commanders. They burned the old barracks and evacu*
ated I he fort about 3 o'clock in the morning of the 7th.

Our loss in killed, is 6 ; in wounded 38 — and in missing 25.
That of the enemy is much greater. Deserters, and citizens of
ours taken prisoners and afterwards released, state their killed at
64 and wounded in proportion — among them are several land and
navy officers of merit.

I cannot close this despatch without speaking of the dead and
the living of my detachment. Lieutenant Blaney, a young man
of much promise, was unfortunately killed. His conduct in the
action was highly meritorious. Captain Boyle and lieutenant
Legate merit my highest approbation, and indeed I want lan-
guage to express mv admiration of their gallant conduct. The
subalterns M'Comb," Ansart, King, Robb, Earl, M'Clintock and
Newkirk, performed well their several parts.

It would be injustice were I not to acknowledge and report the
zeal and patriotism evinced by the militia, who arrived at a short
notice, and were anxious to be useful.

Extract of a letter from captain Macdonough to the Secretary' of

the Navy

" YERGENNES, May 14th, '1814.

" I have the honour to inform you, that an engagement between
our battery at the mouth of Otter Creek, and eight of the ene-
my's gallc'vs, with a bomb-vessel, has terminated by the retreat
of tin- enemy, who it i^ supposed came, with an intention of
blockading us.

33G

'•The battery, commanded by captain Thornton of the artil-
[ery, who was gallantly assisted by lieutenant Cassen of the navy,
received but little injury, although a number of shells wei'e
thrown, and many lodged in the parapet.

"Colonel Davis was advantageously posted to receive the enej
my in the event of his landing, which we had reason to expect,
as" his new brig, with several other gallies, and four other sloops,
were within two and a half miles of the point, on which the bat-
tery stands, during the attion, which lasted one hour and a half,
when they all stood oft", and were seen passing Burlington for the
northward. Every exertion was made to get the vessels down to
the creek, which, however, we could not effect until the enemy
had withdrawn. Our whole force is now at the creek's mouth,
with the exception of the schooner, and she will be down also in
the course of four or five days."

Extract of a letter from captain Macdonough to the Secretary of

the Navy.

"VERGENNE3, May 18th, 1814.

" I omitted stating in my letter of the 14th, that the enemy
had two fine row-boats shot adrift from their gallies in the action
with the battery, which, in their precipitate retreat, were left,
and picked up by us.

" I have since learned, that in other parts of the lake they were
much cut up by the militia. Two of their gallies, in passing up
a small river, on the New York side, had nearly all their men
killed and wounded."

NEW YORK, May 29th,, 1814.
SIR,

I have the honour to inform you, that on the 19lh, I disco-
vered the enemy in pursuit of a brig under American colours,
standing for Sandy Hook. I ordered a detachment of eleven gun-
boats to proceed to sea, and pass between the chase and the ene-
my, by which means to bring him to action, and give opportunity
ft) the chase to escape, all which was effected ; the enemy, after
receiving my fire, bore away, and the brig in question, entering
the harbour, proved to be the brig Regent from France, with a
very valuable cargo.

And on Monday the 23d, I engaged the enemy before New
London, and opened a passage for forty sail of coasting vessels;
the action lasted three hours, in which the Flotilla suffered very
little; No. G received a shot under water, and others through
the sails : we have reason to believe, that the enemy suffered very
great injury, as he appeared unwilling to renew the action the

337

following morning; my object was accomplished, which was te
force a pass 'ge for the convoy. There are before New London,
three Beventy-fours, tour frigates, and several small vessels, the
latter doing great injury from their disguised character, and supe-
rior sailing.

I have the honour to be, &c.

J. LEWIS.
Hon. Wm. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

UNITED STATES' SHIP SUPERIOR, SACKETT'S II \RBOR,

June 2d, 1814.

SIR,

Finding it a most difficult task to transport our heavy guns
on by land, I determined to get them to Stony Creek by water,
when we should have only about three miles, land carriage, to
transport them to Henderson's Harbor, from which we could
bring them to this place by water. I directed captain Woolsey
to -end all the stores, except the heavy guns, up to Forth Bay,
and to place the guns in boats ready to move up or down the river,
but to be ready to start at a moment's notice for Sandy Creek, when-
ever the coast is clear of the enemy's gun-boats, which hovered about
the creeks in Mexico Bay. On the evening of the 28th, captain
Woolsey, started ("nun Oswego with eighteen boats, containing all
our heavy guns, twelve cables, and a quantity of shot. Major
Appling, 01 the rifle corps, accompanied the boats with about
130 riflemen. 1 had also engaged 130 Indians to traverse the
shore, for the purpose of protecting the boats if chased on shore,
or into any of the creeks. Captain Woolsey proceeded unmo-
lested to Sandy Creek, where he arrived about noon on Sunday
the 29th, with one boat missing, containing one cable and two
twenty-four-pounders. As soon as I received information of the
arrival of the boats at Sandy Creek, the general, at my request,
despatched two pieces of artillery, and captain Harris's company
of dragoons. Yesterday morning, I ordered captain Smith with
about 220 marines to Sandy Creek, and general Gaines very po-
litelv ottered an additional force of about 300 artillery and infan-
trv, under the command of that excellent officer, colonel Mitchell,
to the same place; but before this force could reach the creek,
the enemy was discovered in chase of our look-out boats, and
entered the creek a little after day-light; they landed and recon-
noitered the shore : a part of their force marched up on each side
of the creek, while their gun-boats ascended cautiously, occasion-
ally firing into the woods. Major Appling disposed of his force
in the most judicious manner, and permitted the enemy to ap-
proach within a few yards of his ambuscade, when the riflemen
and Indians opened a most destructive lire up on the enemy,
which obliged them to surrender in about ten minutes, with the
loss of a number of killed and wounded, and seven boats taken,
,3

mounting six, eight, twenty-four, eighteen, and twelve pounders,
wj •■ aller guns.

i • u nber of ofhcers and men which the enemy entered the

. ■■ itii, were auout 200, but the number killed, wounded,

,■: ak 'i prisoners, I am still ignorant of, as no return has been

m . me; amongst the prisoners, however, are two post cap-

foi ■ lieutenants, and two Lieutenants of the marines.

t of major Appling, and the troops' Under his com-
en high] honourable, and they are entitled to my
wai o ledgments for the zeai and ability with which they

have defended the guns and stores for i is virion.

I iave an de arrange aents for transporting the guns from San-
<!■ Creek by laud, ihich is about sixteen miies. I hope to have
them all here befi re the 10th.

t in< lose here ith for your information, captain Woolsey's re-
port of his proceedings.

I have the honour to be, &c.

ISAAC CHAUNCEY.

Hon. Wm. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

(inclosure.)

SACKF/IT'S HARBOR, June 1st, 1814.

SIR,

I have already had the honour to inform you of the affair at
Sandy Creek on the 30th ultimo, but for want of time at that
juncture, I had it not in my power to give you the particulars,
a .1 as the most of niv communication since measures were adopt-
ed for a push from Oswego Falls to Sandy Creek, with the naval
Stores, have been made in great haste, I avail myself of a leisure
moment to make a report in detail of my proceedings since that
period. On the 17th I despatched Mr. Huginan to Mexico, to
hire a number of ox-teams, and to engage a quantity of forage, &c.
I also scut orders to Ohwejro Falls to have an additional number
of large wheels made for transporting the guns and cables hack
across the portage, and caused reports to be circulated in every
direction that Chad received your orders to send all the naval
si ores to Oneida lake, with all possible expedition. On the morn-
ii>.': of t' e 28th, when these reports were well in circulation, and
when (as I have since heard from good authority) they had been
detailed 1 «» sir .lames, I had the honour to receive per express your
communication of the 27th, vesting in me discretionary powers.
I immediately despatched Mr. Dixon in the long gig to reconnoitre
the coast . 1 went with my officers to the falls, to run the boats down
n\ er the rapids. At sun-set we arrived at Oswego with the boats
(19 in aumber) loaded in all with 21 long thirty-two pounders, 10
twenty -four pounders, 3 forty-two ditto (carronades) and 10 cables,
besides some light articles, and distributed in the batteaux a guard
of about 150 riflemen, under command of major Appling. Mr.

339

Dixon having returned with a report of the coast being clear, we
Be oft'at dark and arrived at Big Salmon river about sun-rise on
the 29th, with the loss of one boat having on board l2 twenty-four
pounders and one cable. I cannot account for her having sepa-
I from us, as every possible exertion was made to keep the
brigade as compact as possible.

A' Big Salmon we met the Oneidas, whom I had despatched the
da\ previous, under the command of lieutenant Hill, of the rifle
regiment. As soon as they had taken up their line of march along
the Bhore of Big Sandy creek, I started with all the boars and
arrived at noon at outplace of destination about two miles up the
creek. In this laborious and hazardous duty, I feel much indebted
to major Appling, his officers, and men, for their exertions, havi g
assisted my officers and seamen in rowing the boats without a
moment's Vest, twelve hours, and about half the time enveloj d
in darkness and deluged with rain ; also, to some of the principal
inhabitants of Oswego, who volunteered their services as pilots.
At I A. M. on the 30th, I received your letter of the 29th, 6
1'. M. per express, ami agreeably to the order contained therein,
sent lieutenant Pierce to look out as far as Stony Point. About
2 o'clock he returned, having been pursued by a gun boat and three
barges. The best possible disposition was made of the riflemen
and Indians, about half a mile below our boats. About 8 A.M.
a cannonading at long shot was commenced by the enemy, and
believing, as I did, that no attempt would be made to land with
'their small force, 1 ordered lieutenant Pierce to proceed in erect-
ing sheers and making preparations to unload the boats; and, as
all the teams had retrograded in consequence of the cannonading,
I sent in pursuit of them to return. About9 o'clock captain Kar-
ris, with a squadron of dragoons, and captain Melvin, v ith a com-
panv of light artillery and two six pounders, arrived. Captain
Harris, ihe commanding officer, agreed with me that this reinforce-
ment Bhould halt, as the troops best calculated for a bush fight
were already on the ground, where they could act to the greatest
advantage, and that the enemy, seeing a large reinforcement ar-
rive, would most probably retreat. About 10, the enemy having
landed and pushed up the creek with three gun-boats, three cutters,
and one gig; the riflemen, under that excellent officer, major
Appling, rose from their concealment, and after a smart fire of
about ten minutes, succeeded in capturing all the boats and their
crews, without one having escaped.

At about 5 P. M. after having buried with the honours of war,
Mr. Hoare, a British midshipman, killed in the action, I was re-
lieved by captain Ridgely, whom you did tne the honour to send
to Sandy Creek for that purpose. * All the prisoners, except the
wounded, having been removed, and expecting another attack at
night, I remained to assist captain Ridgely in that event : but
yesterday morning, seeing nothing in the offing, i availed myself
of my relief, and returned to this place. In performing, to the

340

beM of mj abilities, the duties for which I was ordered to Oswega
Falls, I have great satisfaction in acknowledging the unremitted
exertions of lieutenant Pierce, sailing-master Vaughan, and mid-
si ipmen Mackey, Hart, and Caton; also to major Appling, his

officers and men, for their kind assistance in the same duty.

The -report of killed, wounded, and prisoners, and also the
number and description of the captured boats, has been already
remitted by captain Ridgely and myself.

1 have the honour to be, &c.

M. F. WOOLSEY.
Commodore Isaac Chauncey,

commanding U. S. forces on the Lakes.

Extract of a letter from commodore Barney to the Secretary of

the Jtfwy.

"ST. LEONARD'S CREEK, June lltb, 1814.

"SIR,

" My last was on the 9th instant. On the evening of the 9th,
the enemy moved up with twenty barges, having received more
force from the 74, at the mouth of the Patuxent. I met thein,
and after a short action drove them until dark, and return-
ed to my anchorage. Yesterday they made a bold attempt;
about 2 P. XI. they moved up with twenty-one barges, one
rocket barge, and two schooners in tow. On making their ap-
pearance, we went down on them; they kept up a smart fire for
sometime, and seemed determined to do something decisive. But
they soon gave way and retreated ; we pursued them down the
creek. At the mouth lay the eighteen gun schooner ; she attempt-
ed to beat out, but our lire was so severe, she ran ashore at t!.e
entrance, and was abandoned. We still pursued, until the razee
and brig opened upon us a brisk fire, which completely covered
the schooner and tin- II \ ing barges, &x. YV'e must have done them
considerable damage."

Extract jof a letter from commodore Borne)/ to the Secretary of

the Navy.

« ST. LEONARD'S CREEK, June 13th, 1814.

" I hadthehonourofaddressingyouonthe 1 lth instant, giving
a short detail of our action with the enemy on the 10th. By in-
formation, they suffered much. The large schooner was nearly
destroyed, having several shot through her at the water's edge;

her deck torn up, gun dismounted, and main-mast nearly cut off
about half-wav up, and rendered unserviceable. !ihe was other-
wise much cut; they ran her ashore to prevent her sinking. The,

34i

commodore's boat was cut in two; a shot went through the rocket
bout ; one of the small schooners, carrying two 32 pounders, had
a shot which raked her from aft, forward ; the boats, generally,
Buffered ; but I have not ascertained what loss they sustained in
men.

" Yesterday a gentleman of this county, by the name of Parron,
who lives at the mouth of the creek, came up, and said, that him-
self and brother had been taken and carried on board. That he
had been landed from the commodore, to inform the inhabitants,
that if they remained at home quietly, they should not be molested,
but if oo Lauding he found their houses deserted, he would burn
them all, as he had done the house of a Mr. Patterson, and the
barn of Mr. Skinner (our purser). Saturday and yesterday, the
enemy were employed on the Patuxent River, in landing on the
banks to plunder stock, &c. It was on Sunday evening they burnt
tiie property of Mr. Patterson and Skinner. Mr. Parron informs
me, that commodore Barrie, of the Dragon, always commanded^
and is much disappointed at his defeats, for that he had wrote to
admiral Cockburn, that if the admiral would send him a frigate
and brig, lie would most assuredly destroy the Flotilla. The fri-'
gaic- is the Acasta, the brig the Jasseur, They left only 200 men,
and one small boat on board the Dragon, at the mouth of the Pa-
tuxent, so that there must have been in the affair on Friday, up-
wards of 800 men ! They came with a band of music playingSl

UNITED STATES' SHIP SUPERIOK, SACKETT'S HARBOR,

June 20th, 1814.

SIR,

Knowing that the enemy was constantly receiving naval and
military stores at Kingston, by the St. Lawrence, I thought it

t be practicable to surprise and capture a brigade of boats
v. th stores on board, and either destroy or bring them oif. For
this purpose I directed lieutenant Gregory to take three gigs with
onlj their crew and one settee in each boat, and proceed down
the St. Lawrence, secrete himself on some of the islands, and
watch a favourable opportunity to surprise a brigade of loaded
bo its, and either brii g them oil' or destroy them, as circumstances
would point out.

Lieutenant Gregory left here with his party on the evening of
the 13th instant, and proceeded to the " Thousand Islands," where
he hauled his boats on shore and concealed them: saw two bri-
gades of boats pass, one up the river with troops, of course too
strong for our little parts ; the other down the river empty, and
not worth taking.

Lieutenant Gregoi > found the enemy had gun boats stationed
between Kingston and Prescott, within about six mdes of each
oih , • id thai thej had a telegraph loo;, out, in a! mo.- 1 every high
island, so that they convey intelligence with great expedition.

342

day morning;, between 9 and 10 o'clock, lieutenant Ore-
ing himself discovered, and a gun-boat close to him, he
formed the bold design to board her, which he did, and
carried :er without losing a man : one of the enemy was badly
tided. She proved to be the fine gun-boat Black Snake or
Number 9, and mounted one eighteen pounder and manned
w t)i 18 men, chiefly royal marines, (a list of which is enclosed).
Lieutenant Gregory manned his prize and proceeded up the St.
ce, but was soon discovered and pursued by a very large
-boat mounting two heavy guns and rowed with upwards of
ars, which overhauled him fast. He kept possession of
•lize until the enemy threw their shot over him ; he then very
tantly (but 1 think properly) took out all his prisoners and
tied the gun-boat, which sunk instantly, and escaped the ene-
although so heavily loaded. Lieutenant Gregory arrived safe
morning with all his prisoners.
Permit me to recommend this gallant }roung officer to your
r, .ice and patronage. He is not surpassed bv any of his grade
i zeal, intelligence, and intrepidity. Sailing master Vaughan
and Mr. Dixon, each commanding a gig under lieutenant Gregory,
are entitled to my acknowledgments for their zeal and activity
on all occasions to render service to their country, more particu-
larly on the last expedition, when, from their knowledge of the
river, they rendered the most important services by pointing out
the proper channels to elude the pursuit of the enemy.

Will you be pleased to direct in what manner the prisoners are
to be disposed of.

I have the honour to be, &c.

ISAAC CHAUNCEY.
Secretary of the Navy.

Extract of a letter from general P. Stuart, of the Maryland
militia, to the Secretary of War, dated June ZSd, 1814.

" I have ordered on to Washington, under an officer who is
directed upon his arrival lo report himself to you, five prisoners
and one deserter. The prisoners were tal.en on the 21st instant
In a detachment of Maryland militia under my command, aided
1)\ ;t squadron of horse from the district of Columbia, under the
command of major Peter.

"The cruel course of war waged by the enemy upon our exten-
sive water courses, has forced me to call into service a great
body of our militia.

" 1 must express my thanks for the aid so promptly sent from
your department. It was a source of considerable regret tX'at
major Peter of the artillery, notwithstanding his great exertions,
could not join us till morning. By his aid, I feel confident we
could have destroyed the enemy's" schooner sent up to take oil'

343

the residue of the tobacco. Major Peter's squadron acted with
promptitude and ardor, displaying a temper which will ren-
der them essentially useful to the nation. The frequent injuries
which arise to the service from intelligence communicated to the
enemy, have determined me to sutt'er no deserter to remain with-
in my command."

Sunday, June 25th, 1814.— 10 A. M.
SIR,

This morning, at 4 A.M. a combined attack of the artille-
ry, marine corps and flotilla, was made upon the enemy's two
frigates, at the mouth of the creek. After two hours engage-
ment, ihev got under way and made sail down the river. They
are now warping round Point Patience, and I am now moving up
the Patuxent with my flotilla. My floss is acting midshipman
Asquith killed, and ten others killed and wounded.

Mr. Blake,* the bearer of this, was a volunteer in my bar"-e.
lie will give you every other information.

With respect, &c.

JOSHUA BARNEY.

The Secretary of the Navy.

PHILADELPHIA, June 25th, 1814.

SIR,

On Sunday last the British frigate Belvidera captured a small
schooner belonging to Indian river, about ten nnles above Cape
Henlopen; and after having her in possession thirty-four hours,
ransomed her for 800 dollars. I was yesterday morning on the
eve of leaving this, with about SO officers and men, who are em-

E loved here in the equipment of the Guerriere, to join the flotilla,
ut received information that the Belvidera left the bay on the 21st.
The flotilla is down as low as Egg Island Flats, from which it
came up to New Castle only the day before the Belvidera came
into the Bay, for the purpose of replenishing its provisions.

With great respect, &c.

JOHN RODGERS.
The Secretary- of the Navy.

CAMP NEAR ST. LEONARD'S, June 26th, 1814.

SIR,

We decided on attacking the enemy this morning at day-
break ; after two and a half or three hours cannonading, he

* Mr. T. P. Andrews, of Washington, accompanied Mr. Blake; they both
acted as captains of marines, under major William B. Barney. — Edit.

344

thought proper to retreat down the river, and commodore "Barney
has lake n advantage of his absence to pass his flotilla up the Pa-
tuxent. I was constrained to precipitate the attack before I was
fully prepared, from the circumstance of all the enemy's small
vessels having left the river. The ground I was obliged to occu-
py for a battery, consisted of a high bluff point, having the Patux-
ent on the right, and St. Leonard's Creek on the left, with which
the communication was over a flat piece of ground, subject to be
enfiladed from the Patuxent, and the hill on which the guns were
to be placed, liable to a severe fire from the same quarter ; there-
fore, in ca^e of an attack, the enemy might have rendered our
situation very uncomfortable, by stationing a small vessel so as to
command the low ground I speak of.

We committed a great many blunders during the action, or our
success would probably have been more complete. I forbear to
enter into minute particulars, lest I should cast an indirect cen-
sure on some officers, perhaps undeserved, for I must acknow-
ledge, I was so much engaged at the battery, as to have but an
indistinct knowledge of what passed elsewhere. But the fact is,
the infantry and light artillery decided upon retreating without my
orders, before they had lost a single man killed or wounded ;
and at the time too, when the enemy were manouvring to the
rear of our position with their barges. The consequence of this
moving was very disadvantageous; the men at the guns perceiv-
ing the infantry retreating, and the enemy getting into the rear,
their numbers began sensibly to diminish, and I was pretty soon
left with only men enough to work one gun, which I was necessi-
tated to turn to the rear for the sake of keeping the barges in check.
Finally, the few men that remained were so exhausted with fa-
tigue, we found it impracticable to fire any more, and the limbers
and horses which had been ordered down the hill, having disap-
peared and gone, I know not where, I found myself under the
painful necessity of spiking the guns, to prevent their being used
by the enemy, should he get possession of them.

1 might, in justice to the infantry, acknowledge they did not
take to flight, but quitted the ground in perfect order ; after a
v Idle 1 was able to halt them, and bring them back. In the mean
time the enemy were getting under way, and retiring down the
river: from the precipitancy of his retreat, I infer he must have
suffered considerably. From some untoward circumstances, I
had it not in my power to observe the effect of each shot we fired,
otherwise I think its destruction would be complete.

Commodore Barney furnished me with twenty excellent men
from his flotilla to work the guns. By some mismanagement in
loading with the hot shot, one poor fellow had his arm blown off,
which is the only material accident we sustained. One of the
enemy s rockets passed through an ammunition box, which had
beei; injudiciously placed, and exploded it, which did some dam-

345

age. An ammunition cart near it was covered with the fire, biit
Fortunately did not explode. Some other trifling accidents were
sustained.

We commenced in the night an epaulment to cover our guns;
but the work, progressed so little, from the shortness of time, I
did not think it best to occupy it. We retreated our guns so as
barely to allow the muzzles to peep over the hill. This brou-.ht
us on descending ground, in a ploughed cornfield. The recoil of
the gun downwards, every time it was fired, gave us excessive la-
bour to bring it up to its position. In other respects it answered
admirably. The enemy found it impossible to hit either the guns
or the men. Every shot aimed by them, either fell short and
struck, the bank, or flew clear over. Towards the close of the
firing, they adopted t\\e method of using small charges of powder,
which just threw his shot over the hill, probably firing from his
carronades; but the effect was not more decisive.

To prevent the enemy taking alarm in the night, from our
movements, we were necessitated to halt our ammunition wagons
and carts above a quarter of a mile- from the battery, and pass all
our stores ; even the bricks of which our furnace >vas constructed,
were brought that distance by hand. This fatigued the me; ex-
-i\elv. I felt certain, if the enemy should open upon us, even
at a random fire, it would be impossible to get any thing done for
the confusion it would create.

I ought to mention, that the situation in which the infantry and
light artillery were placed, was a trying one for new raised troops.
Most of the shot which missed the battery, fell among them. I
had anticipated that disadvantage, but it was unavoidable. It
was indispensable to have them covered by some rising ground
from the waters of the Patuxent, and the position chosen, was the
only one compatible with that view, and the design I had in post-
ing them, to protect the rear of our battery.

The battalion of the 38th regiment, joined us but last evening,
after a hard day's march, and were immediately marched to the
ground. Some of their men were completely exhausted, and the
whole excessively fatigued and half famished.

Commodore Barney's flotilla was at hand, ready to open upon
the enemy, the moment a favourable opportunity should offer. He
commenced firing soon after us, and drew off that of the enemy for
a while. I have not seen him since the action, but understand
he lost several men, killed and wounded.

I hope, on the whole, taking into consideration our not being ful-
ly prepared, the excessive fatigue the men had undergone, and that
we have attained the object in view, which was the release of com-
modore Barney's flotilla, the affair will not reflect dishonour on
our troops.

I have the honour to be, &c.

DECIUS WADSWORTH.

♦Vneral John Armstrong-, Secretin- of War.

346
GENERAL BROWN'S GENERAL ORDERS.

ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, 1^ FT DIVISION,

July 2d, 1814.

Major general Brown has the satisfaction to announce to the
troops of his division, on this Frontier, that he is authorized by the
orders of his government, to put them in motion against the ene-
mv. The first and second brigades, with the corps of artillery,
will cross the straights before them this night, or as early to-
morrow as possible. The necessary instructions have been given
to the brigadiers, and by them to the commanding officers of re-
giments and corps.

Upon entering Canada, the laws of war will govern — men
ound in arms, or otherwise engaged in the service of the enemy,
will be treated as enemies ; those behaving peaceably, and follow-
ing their private occupations, will be treated as friends. Private
property in all cases will be held sacred ; public property, wher-
ever found, will be seized and disposed of by the commanding ge-
neral. Our utmost protection will be given to all who actually
join, or who evince a desire to join us.

Plundering is prohibited. The major general does not appre-
hend any difficulty on this account, with the regular army, or
with honourable volunteers, who press too the standard of their
country to avenge her wrongs, and to gain a name in arms. Pro-
fligate men who follow the army for plunder, must not expect that
they will escape the vengeance of the gallant spirits, who are
struggling to exalt the national character. Any plunderer shall
be punished with death, who may be found violating this order.
By order of the major general.

C. R. GARDNER, Adji. Gen.

In pursuance of the above orders, the army passed the Nia-
gara river on Sunday morning, 3d instant. The brigade of ge-
neral Scott, and the. artillery corps of major Hind man, lauded
nearly a mile below Fort Erie, between two and ih.ee o'clock,
while general Ripley, with his brigade, made the shore about the
same distance above. The enemy was perfectly unapprised of
these movements. General Scott led the van, and was on shore
before the enemy's picket, which was stationed at this point, tired
a gun ; the guard discharged their guns and retreated.

In the morning, a small Indian corps was crossed over. J he
fort was approached on the right and left, and the Indians skirted
the woods in (he rear. General Brown now demanded a surren-
der of the garrison, and gave the commander two hoi«rs for con-
sideration.— In the mean time, a battery of long 18"s was planted
in a position which commanded the fort. The enemy surrendered
prisoners of war — marched out of the fort at six, stacked their
arms, and were immediately sent across the river to the American
shore; there were upwards of 170 prisoners, of the 8th and 100th

347

regimeifts, among which were seven officers. Major Burke coui-
manded the fort.

The schooners Tigress and Porcupine assisted in crossing; the
troops, and lay during; the. day within cannon-shot of the fort.

Captain Camp, of the quarter master general's department
volunteered in the expedition, and crossed in the boat with general
Scof.

During; t' e mo n'nsr, the enemy fired two or three cannon from
the fort, which killed one man, and wounded two or three others.
We learn the snemy had one killed.

There ar< several pieces of ordnance in the garrison, and some
military sttu e .

Thus has the Niagara been crossed, and a fort captured, without
scarcely the loss of a man.

CRUIZE OF THE ESSEX.

ESSEX JUNIOR, July 3d, 1814— at sea.

SIR,

I have done myself the honour to address you repeatedly,
since I left the Delaware; but have scarcely a hope that one of
rny letters has reached you ; therefore consider it necessary to
give you a brief history of mv proceedings since that period.

1 sailed from the Delaware on the 27th of Ocober, 1812, and
repaired with all diligence (agreeably to the instructions of com-
modore Bainbridge) to IVrt IVaya, Fernando de Noronho, and
Cape Frio, and arrived at each place on the day appointed to meet
him. On uay passage from Fort Praya to Fernando de Noronho,
I caotured his Britannic majesty's packet Nocton ; and after tak-
ing; out about ^1 1,000 sterling; in specie, sent her under com-
mand <:f lieutenant Finch, for America. I cruized off Rio de
Janeiro, and about Cape Frio, until the 12th January, 1813, hear-
ing; frequently of the commodore, by vessels from Bahia. I here
captured one schooner, with hides and tallow. I sent her into Rio.
The Montague, the admiral's ship, being in pursuit of me, my
provisions getting short, and finding it necessary to look out for
a supply, to enable me to meet fie commodore by the 1st April,
off St Helena, I proceeded to th*1 island of St. Catharine's (the last
place of rendezvous on the coast of Brazil,) as the most likely to
supply mv wants, and, at the same time, afford me that intelli-
gence necessary to enable me to elude the British ships of war
on the coast, and expected there. I here procured only wood,
water, and rum, and a few bag;s of Hour; and hearing of the
commodore's action with the Java, the capture of the Hornet by
the Montague, and of a considerable augmentation of the British
force on the coast, several being in pursuit of me, I found it ne-
cessary to g;et to sea as soon as possible. I now, agreeably to the
commodore's plan, stretched to the southward, scouring the coast

, S4S

as tar as Rio de la Plata. I heard that Buenos Ayres was in a
state of starvation, and could not supply our wants, and that the
(;,: ,•!)••. ent of Monteviedo was inimical to us. The commodore's
instructions nov left it completely discretionary with me what
course to pursue, and I determined on following that which had
net onh met his approbation, but the approbation of the then Se-
cretary of the Navy.

I accordingly shaped my course for the Pacific ; and after
su fi ring greatly from short allowance of provisions, and heavy
gales oii'Cape Horn, (for which my ship and men w ere ill provided,)
I arrived at Valparaiso on the 14th March, 1813. I here took in
as much jerked beef, and other provisions, as my ship would
conveniently stow, and ran down the coast of Chili and Peru. In
this track I fell in with a Peruvian corsair, which had on hoard
24 Americans, as prisoners, the cre\\s of two whale ships, which
she had taken on the coast of Chili. The captain informed me-
that, as a i lies of Great Britain, they would capture all they
should meet with, in expectation of a war between Spain and the
United States. [ consequently threw all his guns and ammuni-
tion into the sea, liberated the Americans, wrote a respectful
letter to the viceroy, explaining the cause of my proceedings,
which I delivered to her captain. I then proceeded for Lima,
and re-captured one of the vessels as she was entering the port.
From thence I shaped my course for the Gallapagos islands,
where 1 cruized from the 17th April until the 3d October, 1813;
during; this time I touched only once on the coast of America,
which was for the purpose of procuring a supply of fresh water,
as none is to be found among these islands, which are, perhaps,
the most barren and desolate of any known. While among this
group, 1 captured the following British ships, employed chiefly
in the spermaceti whale fishery, viz.

Letters

of Marque.

Tons.

Men.

Guns.

Pierced foi

Montezuma,

270

Policy,

275

Georgiana,

280

Greenwich,

338

Atlantic,

355

Hose,

220

Hector,

270

Catharine,

270

Seringa patam,

350

Charlton,

274

New Zealander,

259

Sir A. Hammond

, 301

302

3369

107

349

A9 some of those ships were captured by boats, and others by
prizes, my officers and men had .several opportunities of showing
their gallantry.

The Rose and the Charlton, were iriven up to the prisoners;
the Hector, Catharine and Montezuma, I sent to Valparaiso,
where they were laid up : the Policy, Georgiana, and Xew Zea-
land, I sent for America : the Greenwich I kept as a store ship,
to contain the stores of my other prizes, necessary for us, and the
Atlantic, now called the Essei Junior, 1 equipped with 20 guns,
and jjave the command of her to lieutenant Downes.

Lieutenant Downes had conveyed the prizes to Valparaiso, and
dn his return brought me letters, informing me that a squadron
under the command of commodore James Hillyar, consisting of
the frigate Pluebe, of 36 guns, had sailed on the Cth July for this
sea. The Racoon and Cherub, had been seeking for me for some
time on the coast of Brazil, and, on the return from their cruize,
joined the squadron sent in search of me to the Pacific. My ship,
as it maybe supposed, after being near a year at sea, required
some repairs to put her in a state ro meet them : which I deter-
mined to do, and bring them to action, if I could meet them on
nearly equal term-.. 1 proceeded now, in company with the re-
mainder of my prizes, to the island of Nooaheevah, or Madison's
island, lying in the Washington group, discovered by a captain
Ingrahaiu, of Boston. Here I caulked and completely overhauled
my Bhip, made for her a new set of water casks, her old ones
being nearly decayed, and took on board from my prizes, provisi-
ons and stores for upwards of four months, and sailed for the coast
of Chili on the 12th December, !81S. Previous to sailing I se-
cured the Seringapatam, Greenwich, and Sir A. Hammond, under
the ijuns of a battery which 1 erected for their protection: after
taking possession of this fine island for the United States, and
establishing the most friendly intercourse with the natives, I left
them under charge of lieutenant Gamble, of the marines, with 21
men, with orders to repair to Valparaiso, after a certain period.

I arrived on the coast of Chili, on the 12th January, 1814;
looked int» Conception and Valparaiso, found at both places only
three English vessels, and learned that the squadron which sailed
from Rio de Janeiro for that sea, had not been heard of since their
departure, and was supposed to be lost in endeavouring to double
Cape Horn.

I had completelv broken up the British navigation in the Paci-
fic; the vessels which had not been captured by me, were laid up,
and dare not venture out. I had afforded the most ample protec-
tion to our own vessels, which were, on my arrival, very numer-
ous and unprotected. The valuable whale fishery there, is en-
tirely destroyed, and the actual injury we have done them maybe
estimated at two and a half millions of dollars, independent of
the expenses of the vessels in search of me. They have supplied
me amply with sails, cordage, cables, anchors, provisions, medi-

350

cines, and stores of every description : and the slops on board-
them have furnished clothing for the seamen. We had, in fact,
lived on the enemy since I had been in that sea, every prize hav-
ine: proved a well-found store slip for me. I had not vet been
under the necessity of drawing bills on the department for any
object, and had been enabled to make considerable advances to my
officers and crew on account of pay.

For the unexampled time we had kept the sea, my crew had
continued remarkably healthy. I had but one case of the scurvy,
and had lost only the following men by death, viz. :

John S. Cowan, lieutenant; Robert Miller, surgeon; Levi
Holmes, O. S. ; Edward Sweeny, do.; Samuel Groce, seaman;
James S.paflbrd, gunner's mate; Benjamin Geers, John Rodgers,
quarter gunners; Andrew Mahan, corporal of marines; Lewis
Price, private marine.

1 had done all the injury that could be done the British com-
merce in the Pacific, and still hoped to signalize my cruize by
something more splendid, before leaving that sea. 1 thought it
not improbable, that commodore Hillyar might have kept his ar-
rival secret, and believing he would seek me at Valparaiso, as the
most likely place to find me, I determined to cruize about that
place, and* should I fail of meeting him, hoped to be compensated
bv the capture ot some merchant ships, said to, be expected from
England.

The Phoebe, agreeable to my expectations, came to seek me at
Valparaiso, where I was anchored with the Essex; my armed
prize, ihe Essex Junior, under the command of lieutenant Dowries,
on the look-out off the harbor. But contrary to the course I thought
he would pursue, commodore Hillyar brought with him the Che-
rub sloop of war, mounting 28 guns, eighteen 32 pound carro-
nades, eight 24's, and two long 9's on the quarter-deck and fore-
castle, and a complement of 180 men. The force of the Phcebeis
as follows: — thirty-two long 18 pounders, sixteen 32 pound car-
ronades, one howitzer, and six 3 pounders in the tops, in all 53
guns, and a complement of 320 men: making a force of 81 guns,
and 50C men ; in addition to which they took on board the crew of
an English letter of marque, lying in port. Both ships had picked
crews," and were sent into the Pacific, in company with the Ra-
coon of 22 guns, and a store ship of 20 guns, for the express purpose
of seeking the Essex, and were prepared with flags bearing the
motto, 'Cod and country; British sailor's best rights; traitors
offend both." This was intended as a reply to my motto, " Free
trade and sailor's rights," under the erroneous impression, that
my crew were chiefly Englishmen, or to counteract its effect on
their own crews. The force of the Essex was 46 guns, forty 32
pound carronades, and si-; long 12's, and her crew, which had
been much reduced by prizes, amounted to only 255 men. The
Essex Junior, which was intended chiefly as a store ship, mounted
20 guns, ten 18 pound carronades, and ten short 6's, with only 60

351

men on board. In reply to their motto, I wrote at my mizen,
" Qiid, o ir country and liberty; tyrants offend them"

On jetti ig their provisions on board; they went oil' the port for
the purpose >! blockading me, where they cruized for near six
weeks ; during which time I endeavoured to provoke a challenge,
and frequently, bul ineffectually, to bring the Phcebe alone to ac-
tion, first with both my ships, and afterwards with my single ship,
with both crews on board. 1 was several times under way, and
ascertained that I had greatly the advantage in point of sailing,
and once succeeded in closing within gun-shot of the Phcebe, and
Co nmeuced a fire on her, when she ran down for the Cherub,
which was two and a half miles to leeward: this excited some
surprise and expressions of indignation, as previous to my getting
under way, she hove to off the port, hoisted her motto Bag, and
tired . i gun to windward. Commodore Hillyar seemed determin-
ed to avoid a contest with me on nearly equal terms, and from his
extreme prudence in keeping both his ships ever after constantly
within hail of each other, there were no hopes of any advantages
to my country from a longer stay in port. 1 therefore determined
to put to sea the first opportunity which should offer 5 and I was
the more Strongly induced to do SO, as I had gained certain intel-
ligence, thai the Tagus, rated 38, and two other frigates, had
sailed for that sea in pursuit of me. I had reason to expect the
arrival of the Racoon, from the north-west coast of America,
where she had been sent for the purpose of destroying our fur es-
tablishment on the Columbia. A rendezvous was appointed for
the Kssev Junior, and ever) arrangement made for sailing, and I
intended to let them chase me off, to give t lie Essex Junior an
opportunity of escaping. On the 28th March, the day after this
determination was formed, the wind came to blow fresh from the
southward, when I parted my larboard cable and dragged my star-
board anchor directly out to sea. Not a moment was to be lost
in uyltmu; sail on the ship. The enemy were close in with the
point forming the west side of the bay; but on opening them, I
saw a prospect of passing to windward, when I took in my top-
gallant-.--ails, which were set over single-reefed-topsails, and
braced up lor this purpose; but on rounding the point, a heavy
squall struck the ship, and carried away her main top-mast, pre-
cii itating the men who were aloft into the sea, who were drown-
ed. Both ships now gavechase to me, and I endeavoured, in my
disabled state, to regain the port; but finding 1 could not reco-
ver the common anchorage, I ran close into a small bay, about
three quarters of a mile to leeward of the battery, on the east side
of the harbor, and let go my anchor within pistol-shot of the shore,
where 1 intended to repair my damages as soon as possible The
enemy continued to approach, shewed an evident-intention of :t-
taekingus, regardless of the ueutrality pfjthe place where 1 was
anchored; ana the caution observed in their apj 1 >theattaok
of the crippled Essex, was truly ridiculous, as was their display

35 1

of their motto flags, and the number of jacks at all their mast heads.
1, with as much expedition as circumstances would admit of, got
mv ship ready for action, and endeavoured to get a spring on my
cable, but had not succeeded when the enemy, at 54 minutes past
3 P. M. made his attack, the Phcebe placing herself under my
stern, and the Cherub on my starboard bow ; but the Cherub soon
Gilding her situation a hot one, bore up and ran down under the
stern also, where both ships kept up a not raking fire.

I had got 3 long twelve pounders out of the stern ports, which
Mere worked wit!: so much bravery and skill, that in half an hour
we so disabled both as to compel them to haul off to repair dama-
ges. In the course of this firing, I had, by the great exertions of
Mr. Edward Barnwell, the acting sailing master, assisted by Mr.
Linscott, the boatswain, succeeded in getting springs onourcable
three different times ; but the fire of the enemy was so excessive,
that before we could get our broadside to bear, they were shot
away, and thus rendered useless to us. My ship had receivei'
man v injuries and several had been killed and wounded; but nrj
brave officers and men, notwithstanding the unfavourable circum-
ces under which we were brought to action, and the powerful
force opposed to us, were no ways discouraged; all appeared
lied to defend their ship to the last extremity, and to die in
•fence to a shameful surrender. Our gaff, with the ensign and
notto Bag at the mizen, had been shot away, but free trade
and sailor's rights, continued to fly at the fore. Our ensign
- replaced by another ; and to guard against a similar event,
an ensign \>;*.s made fast in the mizen rigging, and several jacks
were hoisted in different parts of the ship. The enemy soon re-
paired his dan. aires for a fresh attack, He now placed himself,
w itii both his ships on my starboard quarter, out of the reach of
mv carronades, and where my stern guns could not be brought to
lie there kept up a most galling fire, which it was out of
mv pow er to return, w hen I saw no prospectof injuring him without
getting under weigh and becoming the assailant. My top-sail
sheets and haul-yards were all shut away as well as the jib and
fore-top-mas stay -ail haul-yards. The only rope not cut was
taut-yards, and that being the only sail I could set,
1 caused it to be hoisted, mj (able to be cut, and ran down on
hot. -hips, with an intention of laying the Phcebe onboard. The
. on both sidt-s was now tremendous. I had let fall my
-tops .1 and foresail, but the want of tacks and sheets had
rendered them almost - to us; yet we were enabled, for a

short time, to close with the enemy ; and although our decks were
now strewed with dead, and our cockpit filled with wounded —
although our -hip had been several times on fire, and was render-
ed a perfect wreck, we v ere still encouraged to a hope to save
her, from the oircu of the Cherub being compelled to

haul oil*. She did no; return to close action, although she appa-

353

rently had it in her power to do so, but kept up a distant firing
with her long zuns.

The Phoebe, from our disabled state, was enabled, however, by
edging off, to choose the distance which best suited her long guns,
and kept up a tremendous fire on us, which mowed down mv
brave companions by the dozen. Many of my guns had been
rendered useless by the enemy's shot, and many of them had their
whole crews destroyed. We manned them again from those which
were disabled, and one gun in particular was three times manned ;
15 men were slain at it in the action! but strange as it may
appear, the captain of it escaped with only a slight wound. Find-
ing that the enemy had it in his power to chose his distance, I
now gave up all hopes of closing with him, and as the wind, for
the moment, seemed to favour the design, I determined to endea-
vour to run her on shore, land my men and destroy her. Every
thiu^ seemed to favour my wishes. We had approached the shore
within musket shot, and I had no doubt of succeeding, when, in
an instant, the wind shifted from the land (as is very common in
this port in the latter part of the day) and payed our head down
on the Phoebe, where we were as;ain exposed to a dreadful raking
fire. Mv >hip wa> now totally unmanageable; yet, as her head
was toward the enemy, and he to leeward of me, I still hoped to
be able to board him. At this moment lieutenant commandant
Downes came on board, to receive my orders, under the impression
that I should soon be a prisoner. He could be of no use to me
in the then wretched state of the Essex; and finding (from the
enemy's putting his helm up) that mv last attempt at boarding
would not succeed, I directed him, after he had been about ten
minutes on board, to return to his own ship, to be prepared for
defending and destroying her in case of an attack. IT3 took with
him several of my wounded, leaving three of his boat's crew on
board to make room for them. The Cherub now had an oppor-
tunity of distinguishing herself, by keeping up a hot fire on him
during his return.

The slaughter on board my ship had now become horrible ; the
enemy continuing to rake us, and we unable to bring a gun to
bear. I therefore directed a hawser to be bent to the sheet
anchor, and the anchor to be cut from the bows to bring her head
round. This succeeded. We again got our broadside to bear,
and as the enemy was much crippled and unable to hold his own,
I have no doubt he would soon have drifted out of gun-shot before
he discovered we had anchored, had not the hawser unfortunate-
lv parted. My ship had taken fire several times during the action,
but alarmingly so forward and aft at this moment; the flames
were bursting up each hatchway, and no hopes were entertained
of saving her ; our distance from the shore did not exceed three
quarters of a mile, and I hoped many of my brave crew would be
able to save themselves, should the ship blow up, as I was inform-
ed the tire was near the magazine, and the explosion of a large
45

354

quantity of powder below, served to increase the horrors of our
si(> ;:>:on. Our boats were destroyed by the enemy's shot ; I there-
fore directed those who could swim to jump overboard, and endea-
vour to gain the shore. Some reached it, some were taken by
the enemy, and some perished in the attempt; but most preferred
sharing with me the fate of the ship.

We vvho remained, now turned our attention wholly to extin-
guishing the flames ; and when we had succeeded, went again to
our guns, where the firing was kept up for some minutes, but the
crew had by this time become so weakened, that they all declared
to me the impossibility of making further resistance, and entreat-
ed me to surrender my ship to save the wounded, as all further
attempts at opposition must prove ineffectual, almost every gun
bei.ig disabled by the destruction of their crews. I now sent for
the officers of divisions to consult them ; but what was my sur-
prise to find only acting lieutenant Stephen Decatur M'Knight
remaining, who confirmed the report respecting the condition of
the guns on the quarter-deck — those on the spar-deck were not
in a better state. Lieutenant Wilmer, after fighting most gal-
lantly throughout the action, had been knocked overboard by a
splinter, while getting the sheet anchor from the bows, and was
drowned. Acting lieutenant John G. Cowell had lost a leg ; Mr.
Edward Barnwell, acting sailing master, had been carried below,
after receiving two severe Mounds, one in the breast and one in
the face ; and acting lieutenant William H.Odenheimer had been
knocked overboard from the quarter, an instant before, and did
not regain the ship till after the surrender.

I was informed that the cockpit, the steerage, the wardroom,
and the birth-deck, could contain no more wounded; and that
the wound- d were killed while the surgeons were dressing them,
and that unless something was speedily done to prevent it, the
ship would soon sink, from the number of shot-holes in her bottom.
And on sending for the carpenter, he informed me that all his
crew had been killed or wounded, and that he had been once over
the side to stop the leaks, when his slings had been shot away, and
it was with difficulty he was saved from drowning. The enemy,
from the smoothness of the water, and the impossibility of our
reaching him with our carronades, and the little apprehension
that was excited by our fire, which had now become much slack-
ened, was enabled to take aim at us as at a target; his shot never
missed our hull, and my ship was cut up in a manner which was
perhaps never before witnessed : in fine, I saw no hopes of saving
tier, and at 20 minutes after 6 P. M. gave the painful order to strike
the colours. Seventy-five men, including officers, were all that re-
mained of my whole crew, after the action, capable of doing duty,
and many of them severely wounded, some of whom have since died.
The enemy still continued liisjire, and my brave, though unfortunate
companions were still falling about me. I directed an opposite
gun to be fired, to show them wc intended no further resistance;

355

lut they did notmdesist : ft r men were killed at my side, and
others in different part* of the ship. I now believed he intended
to shov as no quarter, and that it would be as well to die with
m\ Bag flying as struck, and was on the point of again hoisting;
it, when, about ten minutes after hauling the colours down, he
• ted firing.

1 cannot speak in sufficiently high terms of the conduct of those
iged for such an Unparalleled length of time, (under such cir-
comstances) with me, in the arduous and unequal contest. Let it
raffice i" say, that more bravery, skill, patriotism, and zeal, were
never displayed on any occasion; every one seemed determined
to die in defence of their much loved country's cause, and no-
thing but views to humanity could ever have reconciled them to
the surrender of the *hi]>; thej remembered their wounded and
helpless ship-matea below. To acting lieutenants M' Knight and
Odenheimer, I feel much indebted for their great exertions and
bravery throughout the ait ion, in fighting and encouraging the
men al their divisions, for the dexterous management of the long
guns, and for their promptness in re-manning their guns, as their
a were slaughtered. The conduct of that brave and heroic
officer, acting lieutenant John G. Cowell, who lost his leg in the
latter pari of the action, excited the admiration of every man in
theship, and after being wounded, would not consent to be taken
below, until loss of blood rendered him insensible. Mr. Edward
Barnwell, acting sailing-master, whose activity and courage were
equallj conspicuous, returned on deck after his first wound, and
remained alter receiving his second, until fainting with loss of
blood. Mr. Samuel B. Johnston, who had joined me the day be-
fore, and acted as marine officer, conducted himself with great
bravery, and exerted himself in assisting at the long guns, the
musketry alter the first half hour being useless (from our great
distance).

Mr. M. W. Bostwick, whom I had appointed acting purser of
the E-sex Junior, and who was on board my ship, did the duties of
an aid, in a manner which reflects on him the highest honour;
midshipmen Isaacs, Farragut, and Ogden, as well as acting mid-
shipmen James Terry, James R. Lyman, and Samuel Duzenbury,
and master's mate William Pierce, exerted themselves in the per-
formance of their respective duties, and gave an earnest of their
value to the service ; the three first are too young to recommend
for promotion, the latter I beg leave to recommend for confirma-
tion, as well as the acting lieutenants, and Messrs. Barnwell.,
Johnston, and Bostwick.

We have been unfortunate, but not disgraced; the defence of
the Essex has not been less honourable to her officers and crew,
than the capture of an equal force, and I now consider my situa-
tion less unpleasant than that of commodore Hillyar, who, in vio~
lation of every principle of honour and generosity, and regardless
nf the rights ofnations, attacked the Essex m her crippled statCj

356

■within pistol-shot of a neutral shore ; when for. six weeks I had
daily ottered him fair and honourable combat, on terms greatly to
his advantage ; the blood of the slain must be on his head, and he
has yet to reconcile his conduct to Heaven, to his conscience, and
to the world. The annexed extract of a letter from commodore
Hillyar, which was written previously to his returning me my
sword, will show his opinion of our conduct.

My loss has been dreadfully severe; 58 killed or have since
died of their wounds, and among them is lieutenant Cowell; 59
were severely wounded, 27 slightly, and 31 are missing ; n;aking
in all 154, killed, wounded, and missing, a list of whose names is
annexed.

The professional knowledge ot doctor Richard Hoffman, act-
ing surgeon, and doctor Alexander Montgomery, acting surgeon's
mate, added to their assiduity, and the benevolent attentions and
assistance of Mr. D. P. Adams, the chaplain, saved the lives of
many of the wounded. 'Ihose gentlemen have been indefatigable
in their attentions to them ; the two first 1 beg lea^e to recom-
mend for confirmation, and the latter to the notice of the depart-
ment.

I must in justice to myself observe, that with our six 1£ poun-
ders <>nly we fought this action, our carronades being almost
useless.

The loss in killed and wounded has been great with the ene-
my ; among the former is the first lieutenant of the Phoebe, and of
the latter captain Tucker, of the Cherub, whose wounds are se-
vere. Both the Essex and Phoebe were in a sinking state, and
it was with difficulty they could be kept afloat until anchored in
Valparaiso next morning. The shattered state of the Essex will,
I believe, prevent her ever reaching England, and 1 also think it
will be out of their power to repair the damages of the Fho?be, so
as to enable her to double Cape Horn. Ali the masts and yards
of the Phoebe and Cherub are badly crippled, and their hulls much
cut up; the former had eighteen 1-2 pound shot through her below
her water line, some three feet under water. Nothing but the
smoothness of the water saved both the Phot be and Essex.

1 hope, sir, that our conduct may prove satisfactory to our
country, and that it will testify it by obtaining our speedy ex-
change, that we may again have it in our power to prove our
zeal.

Commodore Hillyar (I am informed,) has thought proper to
state to his government, that the action only lasted 45 minutes.
Should he havedone so, the motive may be easily discovered ; but
the thousands of disinterested witnesses who covered the surround-
ing hills, can testify that we fought his ships near two hours and
a half; upwards of 50 broadsides were fired by the enemy, agreea-
bly to their own accounts, and upwards of 75 by ours ; except, the
few minutes they were repairing damages, the firing was inces-
sant.

357

Soon after my capture, I entered into an agreement with com-
nodore tiillyar to disarm mv prize, the Essex Junior, and proceed
with the Burvivors « ► t" my officers and crew in her to the United
States, taking with me her officers and crew. He consented to
grant her .1 passport to secure her from re-capture. The ship was
ill, and we knew we had much to suffer, yet we hoped soon to
reach our country in safety, that we might again have it in our
power ti» serve it. This arrangement was attended with no addi-

il expci Be, a> Bhe \'u^ abundantly supplied with proyis
and stores in the vo\

l;i jus ice to t ommodore Hillyar, I must observe, that, (altl.o.igh
I 1 11 never be reconciled to the manner of his attack on the Esses,
Or 1 his ■!'!. 1 before the action) he lias, since our capture,
11 the greatest h nanity to .on wounded, (whom he permitted
i : i laud, on ( Qditi in that tlnj ited States should bear their
(endeavoured, as much a> lay in his power, to
ressea I ar bj the most generous and delicate
dei towards my officers and crew ; he gave orders that the

proj I everj person should be respected ; which orders, howe-

ver wei • no jo strictly attended to as might have been expected;
g; deprived of boo i b, &c. &c. both myself and
1- lost many articles of our clotliiug, some to a considerable
■ ■int. 1 should not have considered this last circumstance of
it 1 nportance to notice, did it no< mark a striking differ-
• between the navy of Great Britain and that of the United
. highly creditable to the latter.
By the arrival of the Tagus, a fevi days after my capture, I was
informed, that besides the ships which had arrived in the Pacific
in pursuit of me, and those still expected, others were sent to
end/ • for me in the China Seas, off .New Zealand, Timor, and
New Holland, and that another frigate was sent to the river la
Plate.

To possess the Essex it has cost the British government near
six millions of dollars, and yet, sir, her capture was owing entirely
t,, iccident; and if we consider the expedition with wliich naval
o nt sts are nun decided, the action is a dishonour to them. Had
t|>,.\ , 1 1 ships boldly into action, with a force so very

ud having the choice of position, t! e\ should either have
captured or destroyed us in one fourth, the time they were about
it.

During the action, our consul general Mr, Poinsett, called on
the governor o( Val] araiso, and requested that the batteries might
protect the Essex. This request was refused, but he promised
that if she should succeed in fighting her vay to the common an-
rage, that lie would send an officer to the British commander
ami request him to cease firing, but declined using force under
ai, (i c imstancee, and there is no doubt a perfect understanding

ted between thei 3 conduct* added to Uwa&istauce given

to the British, and their friendly reception after the action, and

358

the Btrong bias of the faction which govern Chili in favor of the
Enuli-h, as well as their inhospitality to the Americans, induced
Mr. Poinsett to leave that country. Under such circumstances,
I did not conceive it would be proper for me to claim the restora-
tion of my ship, confident that the claim would be made bv my
government to more effect. Finding some difficulty in the sale of
mv prizes, 1 had taken the Hector and Catharine to sea and burnt
them with their cargoes*

1 exchanged lieutenant M'Knight, Mr. Adams, and Mr. Lvman,
and eleven seamen, for part of the crew of the Sir Andrew Ham-
mond : and sailed from Valparaiso on the 27th April, where the
enemy were still patching up their ships, to put them in a state for
proceeding to Rio de Janeiro, previous(to goingto England.

Annexed is a list of the remains of my crew to be exchanged,
as also a copy of the correspondence between commodore Hillyar
and myself on that subject. I also send you a list of the prison-
ers I have taken during my cruize, amounting to 343.

1 have the honour to be, Sec.

D. PORTER.
The honourable Secretary of the Navy

of" the United States^ Washington.

P. S. To give you a correct idea of the state of the Essex at
the time of her surrender, 1 send you the boatswain's and carpen-
ter's report of damages : I also send you a report of the divi-
sions.

Extract of a letter from commodore Hillyar to commodore Porter,

"PIICEBE, April 4th, 1814.

"MY DEAR SIR,

" Neither in our conversations, nor in the accompanying let-
ter, have I mentioned your sword. Ascribe my remissness in the
Gist instance to forgetfulness : I consider it onlv in mv servant's
ossession with my own, until the master may please to call for
it ; and although I omitted, at the moment of representation,
from my mind being much engrossed in attending to professional
duties, to offer its restoration, the hand that received will be most
gladly extended to put it in possession of him who wore it so ho-
nourably in defence of his country's cause.

" Ueiieve me, mv dear sir, &c.

« JAMES HILLYAR/'

After some conversation on the subject, the following correspon-
dence took place.

VALPARAISO, April 4th, 1814
SIR.

Taking into consideration the immense distance we are from
onrrespectrve countries, the uncertainty of the future movements

<359

of his majesty's -hips under my command, which precludes the
poss bility of my making a permanent arrangement tor transport-
ing t .• officers and crew of the late Essex to Europe; and the-
approaching season which renders a passage round Cape Horn
in some degree dangerous ; I have the honour to propose for your
approbation the following articles, which, I hope, the government
of the I Jnited States as well as that of Great Britain, will deem
satisfactory ; and request, that should you conceive them so, you
will favor me with the necessary bond for their fulfilment.

1 st. The Kssex Junior to be deprived of all her armament and
perfectly neutralized ; to be equipped for the voyage solely and
wholly at the expense of the American government; and to pro-
ceed with a proper American officers and crew (of which I wish
to be furnished with a list, for the purpose of giving the neces-
sary passport) to any port in the United States of America, that
you may ilceni most proper.

2d. Yourself, the officers, petty officers, seamen and marines,
&c. composing your crew, to be exchanged immediately on their
arrival in America, for an equal number of British prisoner- of
similar rank ; yourself and officers to be considered on their
parole of honour until your and their exchange shall be effected.
In qase of the foregoing articles being accepted the Essex Juni-
or will be expected to prepare immediately for her voyage, and
to proceed on it before the expiration of the present month.
Should any of the wounded, at that period, be found incapable of
removal, from not being sufficiently advanced in their recovery,
the most humane attention Bhall be paid to them; and they shall
be forwarded home by the first favourable conveyance tjiat may
slier.

I have the honour to be, &c

JAMES H1LLYAR,
Cap. David Porter, late commander

of the U. S. frigate Essex, Valparaiso.

VALPARAISO, April oth, 1814.

SIR,

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your several
favours of yesterday's date.

The conditions offered by you for our return to the United
Mile- are perfectly satisfactory to me; and I entertain no doubts
of their being equally so to my country. I, therefore, do nor
hesitate to pledge my honour (the strongest bond I can give) that
every article of the arrangement shall, on our part, be fully com-
plied with. A list of the Essex Junior's crew shall be furnished
you as Boon as it can be made out, and her disarmament eli'ected
with all possible despatch.

I have the honour to be, &c.

DAVID PORTER.
. James Hillyar, commanding-
II. B.M'a innate Plicehc, Valparaiso.

36§

Commodore Hillyar sent me a paper certifying that he had exchanged
certain individuals, "therein named, making part of the crew of the sir Andrew
Hammond, for an equal number of the most severely wounded of my crew ;
this occasioned the following letters:

VALPARAISO, April 4th, 1814
SIR,

I have received a paper signed by you, dated yesterday,
stating, that vou had exchanged certain wounded prisoners,
making part of my crew, for the captain and crew of the prize
ship Sir Andrew Hammond, which paper I have taken the liberty
to return to vou, and protest in the strongest terms against such
an angement.

In the first place, the wounded and helpless individuals therein
named, do not wish such exchange ; one died last night and several
others expect to share his fate.

Secondly, should I from my circumstances be separated from
them, which would be more likely to be the case than if they
remained prisoners, their situation would be more deplorable than
it is at present.

Thirdly, this arrangement has been made without my consent,
and on terms far from offering equal advantages to the United
States.

I have the honour to be, &c.

D. PORTER.

Com. James Hillvar. commanding

H. B'. M's fiigate Phoebe.

HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY'S SHIP PHOZP.E,

Valparaiso, April 4th, 1814.
?IR,

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter
of this day's date, protesting against the arrangement I made in
the paper you returned, and to express a regret that my wish,
which was to alleviate and not to increase the afflictions of your
wounded officers and crew, has failed of being gratified. I am
sorry you have thought proper to mention the dead and dying,
as 1 so fully explained to you this morning, that in the event of
the loss of any, other names should be added to the list. 1 shall
now direct captain David Porter to consider himself still a prison-
er of war on his parole; but as I have ordered the people to go
onboard the Essex to work, under the impression that no difficul-
ty would arise, I will liberate in exchange for them an equal
number o!" prisoners, as their names, being seamen, shall be found
to follow each other on your late ship's hooks, and give up also
two mates or midshipmen, for the two mates of the English party.
1 hoj e this may pro', e satisfactory to your government and self.

I am yours, ckc.

JAMES HILLYAR.
Captain 1). Porter.

36L

VALPARAISO, April 5th, 1814.
SIR,

The arrangement which you have suggested respecting the
exchange of the seamen of the Sir Andrew Hammond, for an
equal number of the seamen of the late United States' frigate
Essex, a> they stand on the list furnished you, is perfectly satis-
factory. It will be a great satisfaction to the three officers who
accompany the Essex, to know, that after your object in taking
them with you slmll be effected, there will be no difficulty in their
proceeding immediately for the United States; I take the liberty
therefore to suggest that they might be exchanged here for captain
William Porter and his three mates. This will be an accommo-
dation to all parties, and reconcile the officers so exchanged to a
separation from their friends.

I have the honour to be, &c.

DAVID PORTER.
Com. James Hillyar, commanding

II. B. Ms frigate Phiebe.

NEW YOliK, July 13th, 1814

SIR,

There are some facts relating to our enemy, and although
not connected with the action tend to show his perfidy, and should
be know n.

On commodore Hillyar's arrival at Valparaiso, he ran the
Phoebe close along side the Essex, and enquired politely after m\
health, observing that his ship was cleared for action, and his men
prepared for boarding. I observed, " Sir, if you, by any accident,
get on board of me, I assure you that great confusion will take
place ; I am prepared to receive you, but shall only act on the
defensive." He observed coolly and indifferently, " Oh, sir, I have
no such intention;"' at this instant his ship took aback on my
starboard bow, her yards nearly locking with those of the Essex.
1 called all hands to board the enemy; and in an instant my crew
were ready to spring on herdecks. Commodore Hillyar exclaim-
ed, with great agitation, " I had no intention of coming so near
you. I am sorry I came so near you." His ship fell off with the
jib-boom over my decks ; her bows exposed to my broadside, her
stern to the fire of the Essex Junior, her crew in the greatest con-
fusion ; and in fifteen minutes I could have taken or destroyed her.
After he had brought his ship to anchor, commodore Hillyar and
captain Tucker, of the Cherub, visited me on shore, when I asked
him if he intended to respect the neutrality of the port. " Sir,"
said he, " you have paid such respect to the neutrality of this port
that I feel myself bound, in honour, to do the same."

I have the honour to be, &c.

DAVID PORTER.
The Sccrctarr of the Navy.

368

[•It ria deemed proper to introduce the following letters in'this place, as they
are the sequel of captain Porter s cruize in the 1 acific. — I ditor.]

NEW YORK, August 28th, 1815.

SIR,

I have the honour to inform you that on the 12th of Decem-
ber, 18)3, (the day on which the Essex frigate and Essex Junior
took their departure from Nooahee\ah,) I was left in Port Anna
Maria Bay, with eighteen men under my command, and six pri-
soners of war in charge of the establishment on shore, together
■with the prize ships Greenwich, Seringapatam, Sir Andrew Ham-
mond, and New Zealander, with orders from captain Porter to
remain five and a half calendar months at that place; at the ex-
piration of which time, should he not return or send me further
instructions how to act, I was, if possible, to man two of the ships,
and after taking every article of value out of the other and burn-
ing her, repair to the port of Valparaiso, where, in the event of
not finding the frigate, or additional orders, I was authorized to
dispose of one of the ships to the best advantage, and take all the
men under my charge, as well as the prize crews of the different
ships then in that port, on board of the other, and proceed to the
United States.

After receiving these instructions my first object was, agreea-
bly to captain Porter's wish, to fill the New Zealander vyitb oil
from the other ships, and on the 23th day of December, she took
her departure for the United States, with a cargo of 1930 barrels,
and well found in every respect for so long a voyage-
It is with regret I inform you, that the frigate had scarcely got
clear of the Marquesas, before we discovered a hostile dispo-
sition in the natives, and in a few days they became so insolent.
that I found it absolutely necessary, not only for the. security of
the ships and property on shore, but for our personal safety, to
land my men and regain by force of arms the numerous articles
thev had in the most daring manner stolen from the encampment;
and what was of still greater importance, to prevent, if possible,
the execution of threats, which might have been attended with
very serious consequences to us, as duty required my men to be
much separated. I, however, had the satisfaction to accomplish
my wish without firing a musket, and from that time lived in per-
fect amity with them, until the 7th day of May following, when
mv distressed situation had nearly placed me in their power. Be-
fore, however, mentioning the lamentable events of that and the
two following days, I will give you a brief account of a few pre-
ceding occurrences, which were sources of great uneasiness:

The first was the death of John Witter, (a faithful old marine
who was unfortunately drowned in the surf on the 28th of Februa-
ry,) and the desertion of four of my men; one of them, a black
named Isaac Coffin, had deserted from the Essex the day before
she left the bay, and was then a prisoner for making the second
attempt. They took advantage of a dark night, and left the bay

3G9

in a whale boat, unobserved, (all, except the prisoner, haviug the
w itch on deck), and carried oft' several muskets, a supply of am-
m inition, and many things of but little value. I was prevented
from punning them, as they had in a measure destroyed the only
remaining boat at that time seaworthy.

On the lL2t!i of April we commenced rigging the Seringapatam,,
and Sir Andrew Hammond, which, as 1 had calculated, kept the
men employed until the 1st of May « All hands we e then engag-
ed in removing the remainder of the property from the Green-
wich to the Seringapatam, as I began to despair of being rejoined
by the frigate al that place.

The work went on well, and the men were obedient to my or-
de s, tho h I discovered an evident change in their countenances
which led me to suppose that there was something wrong in agi-
tation. Under that impression I caused all the muskets, ammu-
nition, and small arms of every description, to be removed from
the other ships to the Greenwich, (the one on board of which I
lived,) asa accessary precaution against a surprise from my own
men.

On the 7th of May, while on board the Seringapatam, on duty
which required my presence, 1 was suddenly and violently at-
tacked |)V the men employed in that ship. After struggling a
short time and receiving many bruiz.es, I was prostrated on the
deck and mr hands and legs tied. Tney then threw me on the
second deck, thence dragged me into the cabin and confined me
in the run. Midshipman Keltus, and acting midshipman Clapp,
were in a few minutes after thrown in, tied in the same manner as
myself; the scuttle was then nailed down and a sentinel placed
over it. titerspikingallthegunsof the Greenwich and of the Fort,
and those of the Sir Andrew Hammond that were loaded; plun-
dering the ships of every thing valuable ; committing many wan-
ton depredations on shore; taking all the arms and ammunition
from the Greenwich; sending for Robert White, who was turned
ashore from the Essex for mutinous conduct ; and bending all the
necessan -ails : they stood out of the bay with a light wind off
the land. My fellow prisoners and myself were shortly after
taken out of the run and placed in the cabin, under the immediate
charge of se\ eral men. I then learned the names of the mutineers,
and assure you, sir, even in my trulypainful situation, it afforded
me no small degree of consolation, that there were no Americans
among them.

The following are the names of the mutineers and prisoners of
war: — Thomas Belcher, boatswain's mate, Englishman; James
Bantum, negro ; Martin Stanley, foreigner? Robert George, Jo-
seph Curtis, Richard Power, and Jeremiah Workman, English-
men, (who entered on board the Essex from the whaling ships
captured in the Pacific Ocean,) and Robert White, mutineer. —
Prisoners, William Clarke, Lewis Ransford, James Morrison,
William Stiles, James Duncan, and Robert Lambries.

364

Shortly after getting clear of the bay, one of the sentinels, (al-
though repeatedly cautioned against putting his finger on the trig-
ger) fired a pistol, the contents of which passed through my left
heel a little below the ancle bone. As soon as the men on deck
heard the report, they immediately pointed their muskets down
the sky-light and were in the act of firing, but were prevented by
the sentinel, who told them that the pistol was accidentally dis-
charged.

At nine o'clock, the night dark, and the wind blowing fresh,
after receiving (by request) from the mutineers a barrel of powder
and three old muskets, 1 was put into a leaky boat, in which I
found my unfortunate companions, and the only two Americans
that were in the ship at the time the mutiny took place, the others
being employed on board the Greenwich, and on shore, in putting
the arms in order, baking bread, and doing other work which re-
quired the most trusty. In this situation, after rowing at least
six miles, and every person exhausted from the great exertions
made to keep the boat from sinking, we reached the Greenwich,
where I found the few remaining men anxiously looking out for
me, and seriously alarmed at the conduct of the savages, who had
already begun to plunder the encampment, and been informed by
Wilson, (a man who had lived among them for several years, and
who, as 1 afterwards learned, was not only instrumental in pro-
moting the mutiny, but, in my absence, plundered the Sir Andrew
Hammond) of our defenceless situation.

Finding it impossible to comply with that part of my instruc-
tions, directing me to remain in the bay until the 27th of May, I
thought it most advisable to repair to the port of Valparaiso, and
with that view, all hands, assisted by George Ross and William
Brudenell, (who were living on the island for the purpose of col-
lecting sandal wood,) exerted themselves in making the necessary
preparations to depart. My first object was to put the Sir An-
drew Hammond in such a situation, that we might get under way
a I any moment. After which, all hands were engaged in getting
the few articles of value from shore, and in endeavouring to reco-
ver the property stolen from the Sir Andrew Hammond, when the
savages made an unprovoked and wanton attack upon us, in which
I have with the deepest regret to inform you, that midshipmen
William Feltus, John Thomas, Thomas Gibbs, and William Bru-
denell, were massacred, and Peter Coddington dangerously
wounded, who, with William Worth, made his escape by swim-
ming some distance, when they were both taken out of the water
by acting midshipman Clapp, and the three remaining men. Our
situation at this moment was most desperate. The savages put
off in every direction for the purpose of intercepting the boat and
boarding the ship, but were driven back by my firing the few guns
■we had just before loaded with grape and cannister shot. Before
the boat returned and the guns were re-loaded they made a second
attempt, and afterwards repeated efforts, first to board the Green-

365

w'u-h and then the >it Andrew Hammond, but were repulsed by
cur keening up a constant fire. During this time several huu-
dreil were employed in pulling down the houses and plundering
the encampment, whilst others were in the fort, endeavouring (as-
risted by Wilson, who had received several casks of powder from
•he mutineers) to get the spikes nut of the guns. As soon as
William Worth had recovered a little strength, after having been
so lon«; in the water, I sent the. boat to the Greenwich for John
Pettinger, a sick man, and some things that were indispensably
necessary, with orders to burn that ship and return with all pos-
sible despatch* as our ammunition was nearly expended, and we
had no other means of keeping the savages one moment out of the
ship. We then bent the jib and spanker, cut the moorings, and
luckilv had a light breeze, which carried us clear of the bay, with
onlv >iv cartridges remaining.

We now found our situation most distressing, for in attempting
to run the boat up she broke in two parts, and we were compelled
to cut away from the bows the only remaining anchor, not being
able to cast it. We mustered altogether eight souls, of whom
there were one cripple confined to his bed; one man dangerously
wounded ; one sick; one convalescent (a feeble old man just re-
oovering from the scurvy) : and myself unable to lend any further
assistance, the exertion's of the day having inflamed my wound
so much as t«> produce a violent fever; leaving midshipman Clapp
and two men only capable of doing duty.

In thai -Kite, destitute of charts, and" of every means of getting

to windward, 1 saw but one alternatives to run the trade winds

down, and, if possible, make the Sandwich islands, in hopes of

either falling in with some of the Canton ships (that being their

principal place of rendezvous) or of obtaining some assistance from

Tamaahmaah, king of the Windward Islands. No time was lost

in bending the topsails, and on the 10th of May we took our

departure from Robert's Island, on the 25th of the same month

made Owhvhee, and on the 30th, after suffering much, came to

anchor in Whytetee Bav, at the Island of Woahoo. I here found

captain Winship, several officers of ships, and a number of men,

from whom (particularly captain W.) I received every assistance

their situations could afford me. The natives, though at first

surprised at our deplorable condition, and inquisitive to know the

cause, of which I did not think prudent to inform them, supplied

the ship with fresh meat, fruits and vegetables, partly on condition

that I would take the chief man of the island and some others,

with their property up to the Windward Island, where I found it

necessary to go (after shipping some men) in order to procure from

the king, a supply of provisions. Thence, it was my intention to

have proceeded to Valparaiso, in compliance with my instructions

from captain Porter, but I was unfortunately captured on the

passage by the English ship Cherub, of twenty guns. I was some

what surprised to hear captain Tucker say (when I pointed out

366

a valuable canoe and many oilier articles, which I assured him
was the property of the natives, and that I was merely conveying
them and it from one island to the other, the weather being too
boisterous at that time for them to make the passage in their
canoes) that every thing found in a prize ship belonged to the
•captors. I thus had the mortification to see the people, from
whom I had received so much kindness, sent on shore, deprived
of all they had been collecting for twelve months, and were about
to present to their king as a tribute.

The Cherub proceeded to Atooi, where she captured the ship
Charon, and made many fruitless attempts to get the cargo of that
ship, and of several others which had been deposited on the island
under the immediate protection of the king of the Leeward
Islands. .She took her departure on the 15th of July, and on the
28th of November arrived at Rio de Janeiro with her prizes,
touching on the passage for refreshments at Otaheite and Valpa-
raiso. During her stay at the latter place, the frigates Britton
and Tagus arrived from the Marquesas, where they had been in
search of the ships left under my charge. On the 1.5th of Decem-
ber the prisoners were sent on shore, having received the most
rigorous treatment from captain Tucker during their loni* confine-
ment in his ship, and the greater part of them, like the natives,
left destitute of every thing, save the clothes on their backs. The
men belonging to the Essex had little to lose, but those It shipped
at. Woahoo, had received in part money and goods, for one, two,
and some of them three years services in the Canton ships.

On the 15th of May (by the advice of a physician who attended
me,) I took my departure from Rio de Janeiro in a Swedish ship,
bound to Havre de Grace, leaving behind acting midshipman
Benjamin Clapp and five men, having lost one soon after my
arrival at that place, with the small pox. No opportunity had
previously offered by which I could possibly leave that place, the
English admiral on that station, being determined to prevent, by
every means in his power, American prisoners returning to their
own country.

On the 10th instant, in latitude 47 north and longitude 18 west,
I took passage on board the ship Oliver Elsworth, captain Roberts,
15 days from Havre de Grace, bound to New York.

I arrived here last evening, and have the honour to await, either
the orders of the Navy Department or the commandant of the
marine corps.

I have the honour to be, &c.

JOHN M. GAMBLE.

The Secretary of the Navy.

UNITED STATES' IKICJATE ESSEX, AT SFA,

July 14th, 1813.
Sill,

Allow me to return to you my thanks for your handsome
conduct in bringing the Seringapatam to action, which greatly

367

facilitated her capture, while it prevented the possibility of hfcr
pe.
Be assured, sir, I shall make a suitable representation of the
affair to the honourable Secretary of the Navy.

With the greatest respect, &c.

D. PORTER*

.tieut. John M. (iambic, commanding

tlie pii/,e ship Greenwich-

NAVY COMMISSIONERS3 OFFICE, February 10th, 1816,

'SIR.

Captain John M. Gamble of the marines served with me m
the Essex, from the time of my taking command of that vessel,
an ; ,, departure from Madison's Island; during the whole of
v. lis conduct was such as to entitle him to my respect, as an

offi i r ind a gentleman. During a great part of my cruize in the
Soul . captain (then lieutenant) Gamble, continued in com-

mand of one of my mosl valuable prizes, and while in that situa-
tion brought to action with an inferior force, and caused to sur-
render, an armed vessel of the enemy, which had long been the
terror of the American ships, which had been engaged in com-
i I and other pursuits in that ocean.

II . i , tie mention was made of this affair to the Secretary of
the N ivy, but by the capture of the vessel, the account was lost,
ami of course never reached the United States.

. i Gamble at all time-, greatly distinguished himself by
his i in every enterprize engaged in by the force under my

co,' mand, and in many critical encounters by the natives of Mad-
ia - Island, rendered essential services, and at all times distin-
guished himself bv his coolness and bravery. I therefore do,
with pleasure, reco amend him to the department as an officer de-
serving of its patronage.

I have the honour to be, &c.

DAVID PORTER.
Hon. B. YV. Crovn'mshield, Secretary of the Navy.

NAVY COMMISSIONERS' OFFICE, February 23th, 1816.

SIR, . .

Captain Gamble of the marine corps, has informed me that

he had understood it to be your wish that I should state my opini-
on positively, whether I think him entitled to a brevet for the ser-
vices rendered. Making part of the department, motives of deli-
cacy prevented mv doing so before, but I now avail myself of the
opportunity of assuring vou, that no marine officer in the service,
ever had such strong cfaims as captain Gamble, and that none
have been placed iu such conspicuous and critical situations, and

368

that none could have extricated themselves from them more Us
their honour.

I have the honour to be, &c.

D. PORTER,

Honourable 13. W. Crowninshield,

Secretary of the Navy.

TIEAD QUARTERS, CHIPPEWA PLAINS, Julv 7th, 1814.
DEAR SIR,

On the 2d instant I issued my order for crossing the Niagara
river, and made the arrangements deemed necessary for securing
the garrison of fort Erie. On the 3d that post surrendered at
5 P. M. Our loss in this affair was four of the 25th regiment
under major Jessup, of brigadier general Scott's brigade, wounded.
I have enclosed a return of the prisoners, of the ordnance, and
ordnance stores captured.

To secure my rear, I have placed a garrison in this fort, and
requested captain Kennedy to station his vessels near the post.

On the morning of the 4th, brigadier general Scott, with his
brigade and a corps of artillery, was ordered to advance towards
Chippewa, and be governed by circumstances ; taking care to
secure a good military position for the night. After some skir-
mishing with the enemy, he selected this plain with the eye of a
soldier, his right resting on the river, and a ravine being in front.
At 1 1 at night, I joined him with the reserve under general Rip-
ley, our field and battering train, and corps of artillery under
major Hindman. General Porter arrived the next merning with
a part of the New York and Pennsylvania volunteers, and some
of the warriors of the Six Nations.

Early in the morning of the 5th, the enemy commenced a petty
war upon our pickets, and, as he was indulged, his presumption
increased; by noon he showed himself on the left of our extensive
line, and attacked one of our pickets as it was returning to camp.
Captain Treat, who commanded it, retired disgracefully, leaving
a wounded man on the ground. Captain Riddle, of the artillery,
who was near the scene, impelled by feelings highly honourable
to him as a soldier and officer, promptly assumed the command
of this picket, led it back to the wounded man, and brought him
off the field. I ordered captain Treat, on the spot, to retire from
the army, and as I am anxious that no officers shall remain under
my command who can be suspected of cowardice, I advise that

captain Treat,* and lieutenant , who was also with the

picket, be struck from the rolls of the army.

At 4 o'clock in the afternooon, agreeably to a plan I had given
general Porter, he advanced from the rear of our camp, with the
volunteers and Indians (taking the woods in order to keep out of
view of the enemy), with the hope of bringing his pickets and

Captain Treat was tried by a court martial and honourably acquitted

looatiag parties between hit [Porter's] line of innrcli, and our

\- P :' • moved, I ordered the parties advanced in front

i back eradually, under the enemy's fire, in

i to draw him, if possible, up to our line. About half past 4,
tli-- tdvance ofg ral 1'" "- command met the light parties of

enem) in the woods, upon our extreme left. The enemy were
di \<:n, and Porter advancing near to Chippewa, met their whole
column in order of battle. From the cloud of dust rising, and he
beavj firing, I was led to conclude that the entire force of the
t ...- in march, and prepared for action. 1 immediately

Ordered - toadvance with his brigade, and Towson's

artillery, and meet them upon the plain in front of our camp.
The il did not expect to be gratified with a field engagement.

II advanced in the most prompt and officer-like Btyle, and in a
I - was in close action upon the plain, ith a superior

force of British regular troops. li\ this time general Porter's
command had given way, and Bed in every direction, notwith-
- ," rsonal gallantry, and great exertions to stay their*
flight. The retreat of the volunteers and Indians caused the left
flank of general Scott' ide to h ly exposed. Captain

I is, with his dragoons, was directed to Btop the fugitives,
I d the l •• onting mr ca II Bent colonel Gardner

to ordei R ph e with the 21st regiment which

fori, i part ol i esei ve to the left oi our camp, skirt the

woods so i- i" keep out < , and fall upon the rear of the

> ny's right Hank. This order was promptly obeyed, and the

tade bv t!if 21s1 regiment to gain their
I tion, and close with the enemy, but in vain ; for such was the
ze id gallantry of the line commanded by general Scott, that
it advance upon the enemy was not to be checked. Major
.1 ; , ■ oi imanding the left Hank battalion, finding himself press-
ed in front and in Hank, and his men falling fast around him,
battalion to '* support arms and advance ;n the order
v rapth obeyed, amidst the most deadly and destructive

fin-. He gained a more secure position, and returned upon the
_ dling a discharge, as caused them to retire. By this
1 , theii whole line was falling back, and our gallant soldiers
jv dug upon them as fast as possible. As soon as the enemy
h d ... ried the -loping ground descending towards Chippewa,
and distant a quarter of a mile, he broke and ran to gain his
-. In this effort he was too successful, and the guns from
his batteries opening immediately upon our line, checked in some
degree the pursuit. At this moment 1 resolved to bring up all my
ordnance, and force the place by a direct attack, and gave the
order accordingly. Major Wood, of the corps of engineers, and
mj aid, captain xustin, rode to the bank of the creek towards
the right oi their line of works, and examined them. 1 was in-
(I ed by their report, the lateness of the hour, and the advice of
general Scotland major Wood, to order the forces, to retire tocajup.
47

970

My most difficult duty remains to be performed ; I am depress-
ed with the fear of not being able to do justice to my brave compa-
nions in arms, and apprehensive, that some who had an opportu-
nity of distinguishing themselves, and promptly embraced it, will
escape my notice.

Brigadier general Scott is entitled to the highest praise our
country can bestow : to him, more than any other man, J am
indebted for the victory of the 5th of July. His brigade has
cohered itself with glory. Every officer and evei y man of the
9th and 22d, 11th and 25th regiments, did his duty, with a zeal
and energy, worthy of the American character. When every
ofl cer stands so pre-eminently high in the path of his duty and
honour, it is impossible to discriminate, but I cannot deprive my-
self of the pleasure of saying, that major Lavenworth commanded
the 9th and 22d, major Jessup the 25th, and major M'Neil the
11th. Colonel Campbell was wounded early in the action, gal-
lant!) leading on his regiment.

The family of general Scott were conspicuous in the field ;
lieutenant Smith of the 6th infantry, major of brigade, and lieu-
tenants Worth and Watts, his aids.

From general Ripley and his brigade, I received every assist-
ance that I gave them an opportunity of rendering. 1 did not
order any part of the reserve into action, until general Porter's
command had given way, and then general Scott's movements
were so rapid and decisive, that general Ripley could not get up
in time with the 21st, to the position as directed. The corps of
artillery under major Hindinan, were not generally in action ;
this was not their fault. Captain Towson's company was the
only one that had a full ».>portunity of distinguishing itself, and
itis believed, that no company ever embraced an opportunity with
more zeal or more success.

A detachment from the 2d brigade under the command of lieute-
nant M'Donald, penetrated the woods with the Indians and volun-
teers, and for their support. The conduct of M'Donald and his
command reflects high honour on the brigade to which they belong.

The conduct of general Porter has been conspicuously gallant.
Every assistance in his power to afford, with the description of
force under his command, has been rendered. We could not
expect him to contend with the British column of regulars which
appeared upon the plains of Chippewa. It was no cause of sur-
prise to me, to see his command retire before this column.

Justice forbids that I should omit to name my own family
They yield to none in honourable zeal, intelligence, and atten-
tion to duty. Colonel Gardner, major Jones, and my aids, cap-
tains Austin and Spencer, have been as active and as much de-
voted to the cause as any officers of the army. Their conduct
merits my warmest acknowledgments ; of Gardner and Jones I
shall have occasion again to speak to you,

371

M >jor Camp, deputy quarter master general, deserves my par
r notice and >> inn. Ms his great exertions, I was

enabled to find the means of crossing. Captain Daliba, of tlie
•rdnance department, l>a-> rendered every service in his powers

The inclosed return ill show vou our lo-*, and furnish vou

with the nan f the dead and wounded officers. These gallant

■en must not be forgotten. Our country will remember them,
ami <ln them juttii «-.

With great respect, &c.

JACOB BROWN.
H Fohn Arms'- cretary of War

INSPECTOR GENERAL'S OFFICE, It. Q. LEFT DrvISION,

Chippewa, July 'Jth, 1814.

' rn of the killed, wounded, and prisoners, of the enemy, in Ihe

ad the 5th instant, fought >n the plains within half a milt

t'f Chippewa, betweei the left division of the United States* or-

, commanded by major . /' n, and the English forces,

•/;/'/.;■ ///»■ command of bum *r \ rat RialL

Kn.i vi). — Thr iptains, three subalterns, and eighty-seven

rank and lilf of the regular troops.

\\ mimm p. — Two • aptains of the 1st Royal Scots, one lieute-
nant of the I00t*i regiment, and Beventy-two rank and lile of the
Royal S 3th ana 100th regiments.

PmisoMKRS. — One captain of die Indians, and nine rank and
He of tin' regulai s.

k 1 1 i.i n is mm W oods. — Of the Indiana eighty-seven, of the
militia and regulars eighteen.

Indian I'hisoni.ks. — One chief and four privates.

Recapitulation,

Captains. Subalterns. Rank and File
killed, 3 3 192

\\ ounded and ? 0 I po

Prisoners, 3
Prisoners, 1 0 14

6 4 298

Total off the enemy placed hars de combat, that we have ascer-
tained beyond a doubt, G captains, 4 subalterns, and 298 rank and
tile. Those reported under the head of wounded and prisoners,
were so severely injured, that it would have been impracticable
for them to have escaped. The enemy had the same facilities of
carrying their wounded from the field at the commencement of
the at tion as ourselves, and there can be no doubt, from the infor-
mation that I have received from unquestionable sources, that

37*

.they carried from the field as many of their wounded as are re-
ported above in the total.

A. ORNE, Jlsst. Ins. Gen.
Major general Brown.

Report of the killed and wounded of the left division, commavd?3,
bi/ major general Brown, in the action of the 5th July, 1814,
m the plains of Chippewa, Upper Canada.

H. Q. CAMP CHIPPEWA, July 7th, 1814.

Artillery — Killed, 4 privates; wounded severely, 3 corpo-
ris, 5 privates ; 8 privates slightly.

General Scott's Brigade, 9th Infantry — Killed, 2 musici-
ans, 11 privates; wounded severely, 1 captain, 2 subalterns, 2
corporals, 19 privates; slightly, 2 sergeants, 18 privates.

22d Infantry attached — Killed, 8 privates; wounded severe-
ly, 1 captain, 8 privates; slightly, 2 sergeants, 33 privates. .

11th Infantry — Killed, i sergeant, 4 corporals, lu privates;
wounded severely, 1 colonel, 1 subaltern, 3 sergeants, 5 corporals,
28 privates ; slightly, 3 sergeants, 19 privates.

23d Infantry — Killed, 1 sergeant, 4 privates ; wounded se-
verely, 1 captain, 2 subalterns, 5 sergeants, 2 corporals, 37 pri-
vates; slightly, 2 sergeants, 2 corporals, 1 musician, 19 privates.

General Ripley's Brigade, 21st Regiment, none; 19th
Infantry attached — Killed, 3 privates; severely wounded, 2
privates; missing, 2.

2£d 'infantry — Severely wounded, 1 private.

General P. B. Porter's Command, Fenton's Regiment op
Pennsylvania Militia — Killed, 3 privates; severely wounded, 1
private ; slightly, 1 private ; missing, 3 officers, 4 non-commission-
ed officers and privates.

Corps of Indians — Killed, 9 privates; severely wounded, 4 ;
slightly, 4 ; missing, 10.

Grand total — 2 sergeants, 4 corporals, 2 musicians, 52 pri-
vates, killed. 1 colonel, 3 captains, 5 subalterns, 8 sergeants, 12
corporals, 105 privates, severely wounded. 9 sergeants, 2 cor-
porals, 1 musician, 103 privates, slightly wounded. 3 officers,
16 non-commissioned officers and privates, missing.

Total, non-commissioned officers, musicians, and privates,
416.

Aggregate, 328.

Names and rank of Officers wounded.

Colonel Campbell, 11th infantry, severely ; knee-pan fractured.
Captain King, 22d infantry, dangerously ; shot wound in the ab-
domen. Captain Read, 25th infantry, badly ; flesh wound in the
thigh. Captain Harrison, 42d, doiug duty in the 9th infantry, se-
verely; shot wound in the shou'der. Lieutenant Barron, 11th
hifantry, severely. Lieutenant De Witt, 25th infantry, severely.

I itenant Pa1 !5th infantry, badly; flesh wound in the th

I B ill, 9th infant! y, slignth .

N i wounded ui <■ last 1 1 r <>\ ei ing.

C.K.G IRDNER, A Ijt.Gen,

P ECTOR GENERAL'S OFF1CF, II Q. LEFT DIVISION,

1 Fort Erie, J i, 1814.

K- I r British pris - f War, who surrendered by capi-

t Fori I. I of the Sd July, 18M,

/ left I i vision of th I States' trmy, under the com

m • / | f i . d Brown.

or kn _'- R e ".Mil — 1 major.
R >val \n illtr \ — l int, I corporal, 1 bombardier, and

! inner-.

I OOth Regiment — 1 < aptain, 2 lieutenants, 1 ensign, 4 sergeants,
5 corporals, • musicians, 93 privates,

/.' capitulation.

m'i Regiment — l major.

Rojal utillerj — l subaltern, 4 sergeants, 5 corporals, 3 musi-
cian -

\__i'_it-', i>r.

K. ORNE, Asst Ins. Gen.

M i „ 1 Drown.

LOS8 OF THE ALLIGATOR

BT. HELENA ISLAND, July 2d 181-t.

SIR.

The painful task of informing you of the particulars of the
lots of the United States' BchoOner Alligator, I am now able to
undertake. On the 1st July, at 3 P. M. while at anchor in the
Port Royal Sound, with lower yards down, and top-gallant-masts

housed, a heavj dark cloud rose in the west, and coming rapidly
h\ as, the squall, when within about half a mile, had the ap-
pearani <• of a water spout or whirlwind; supposing from its ap-
pearance it would upset or destroy us, I thought the only way to
sare the vessel would be to run her on shore, as it waa first quar-
ter flood ; the cable was cut and the head of the jib hoisted ; u.ien
before the wind, she was struck by a most tremendous blast, but
no injury was done ; it then cleared up. The small bower anchor
was then let go, and the vessel brought up. In ten minutes she was
Strut k by another .-till more violent gust, and instantly upset ; the
cable was again cut, in hopes that she would drive on shore, but
all to no purpose; she sunk in four fathoms water, some of the
men attempted to gain the shore by swimming, but dreadful to
relate only fwur succeeded ; twenty-tnree were drowned. Among

374

the number I have to lament the loss of two promising young offi-
cers, midshipmen Brailsford avnd Rogerson. Nineteen have h en
found and interred in this island. Messrs. Brailsford and R<; er-
soa were interred in the church-yard by the gentlemen of St.
Helena. Annexed is a list of the names of those who have been
found, and those who are still missing.

I have the honour to be, &c.

R. BASSET.

Captain J. S. Dent.

Twelve including myself were saved on the head of the top

mast.

R. B.

Drowned — Joseph Brailsford, midshipman ; Robert Rogerson,
do.; Thomas T. Johnston, carpenter's mate; Presley B. Hatha-
way, gunner's mate ; Oliver Salvador, quarter- master ; Nicholas T.
Rennie, purser's steward; William Ishum, seaman; William
Steel, do.; Joseph Crosby, do.; Joseph Moulder, do. ; Thomas
Harvey, do.; John Nelson, do.; John P. Rea, ordinary seaman;
Philip Fraser, cook; John Mirtinburgh, boy: Jeffery Graves, or-
dinary seaman ; Jerry Stout, do. ; Samuel Johnston, do. ; William
Scarlet, do.

Nor Found — Michael Rush, ordinary seaman ; Polydor Thomp-
son, boy; Csesar Howard, seaman ; Daniel Thompson, do.

Saved — Russel Basset, lieutenant commandant; John M. Bald,
master's mate; Elias J. Salters, volunteer; James Gelespie, boat-
swain's mate ; John White, seaman ; Joseph Lewis, do. ; Henry
M'Gruder, boatswain ; John Roberts, seaman ; Samuel Guttry,
do. ; John Davis, do. ; Hyman Perry, quarter gunner ; William
Ray, master at arms ; John Rodden, boy ; John Cook, ordinary
seaman ; Charles Mercer, seaman ; George Selby, ordinary sea-
man.

GENERAL ORDERS.

ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, LEFT DIVISION,

Chippewa Plains, July 6th, 1814.

Major general Brown has the gratification to say, that the sol-
diers of the 2d division, west of the Niagara, merit greater ap-
plause than he is able to bestow in general orders ; they merit the
highest approbation of their country. The conduct of brigadier
general Scott's brigade, which had the opportunity to engage the
whole force of the enemy, the greater part, it is believed, of all
in the peninsula, removes on the day of this battle the reflection
on our country, that its reputation in arms is yet to be establish-
ed. His brigade consists of battalions of the 9th, the 1 1th, the
25th, and a detachment of the 22d. Towson's company of artil-

375

f> w'nch waa led to it, gallantly commenced, and with it

mi.

r mil Indians performed their part; thev drove

I '- ln.ti.ui> and light troops until they met the British

erars ap| robation.
oi'' " "• •' - "I killed and w sanded, the names of the wound-
ed officers will be mentioned, in order thatthey may be rewarded
wah that honourable mention which is due.

By order of major general Brown.

t". K. GARDNER, Jtdjt. Gen.

UNITED BTA1 ES' IH1P BUPERIOR, S VCKKTT'S HARBOR,

July 7th, 1814.

I am happy thai I have it in my power to detail to you
a ' ''■•' brilliant a< hievement of lieutenant Gregory with ins brave
l iponi ■

[received information some time -ince that the enemy was
building a . schoonerat" |ue Isle." I determined upon

hn destruction, but deferred the execution until she should be
I dy for launching. Finding the alarm extensive down

the St. Lawrence in consequence of taking the gun-boat L'lack
I . lit it .i Favourable opportunity to attempt something
at " Presque (ale." On the 86th ultimo, I directed lieutenant
Gregory to take with him Mews. Vaughan and Dixon, proceed
with the two largest giga to Nicholas Island, (within about seven
miles of " Presque Isle" harbor) and there conceal his boats and
w tit for hone transpor -. which I had information were expected
there to take up provision and munitions of war, which had been
sent up the Hay ofQuinta for the troops at York and Fort George,
but if these transports did not make their appearance in three or
four days, th n to proceed to "Presque Isle," and burn the vessel
on the Btocks; but with positive orders not to injure any private
property. The d.iy after lieutenant Gregory arrived on the coast,
he discovered a vessel beating up, but just as he shoved oft' to
bond her, a large gun-boat hove in sight a little below him. This
boat made a signal to the vessel in the offing, upon which she tack-
ed and Btood for the gun-boat. Lieutenant Gregory secreted his
- as well as he could, but was apprehensive that he had been
discovered. The gun-boat and her convoy (which was full of
troops) Btood into " Presque Isle." Lieutenant Gregory wasde-
ter uined to ascertain whether he had been discovered ; according-
ly he sent our of hi> boats in the next night and took oft' one of
the inhabitants, who informed him that it was known he was on
the « oast, and that two expresses had been sent to Kingston in
co set lence. lie therefore determined upon executing the latter
part of his instructions and made his arrangements accordingly,

376

landed, placed sentinels at the houses to prevent alarm, and set
fire to the vessel, which was nearly ready to launrh; she was a
stout well built vessel to mount 14 guns, and would probably li ve
been launched in about ten days. A small store-house, which
contained stores for the vessel, was unavoidably burnt, as it was
ao near the vessel that it took fire from her.

Lieutenant Gregory learned from the inhabitants that much
property had been sent up a few days previous, that a company of
the Glengary regiment had been stationed there, but had been
sent to York a few days before; another company was on its way
from Kingston to replace them. The few militia which had been
left to guard the vessel and property, retreated upon the approach
of our boats. As soon as the vessel was entirely consumed, lieu-
tenant Gregory re-embarked his men without having permitted
one of them to enter a house ; finding the alarm so general, he
thought prudent to cross the lake immediately ; he stopped one
dav at Oswego for refreshment, and arrived here last evening,
having perfor rued a most difficult service with his usual gallantry
and good conduct.

Lieutenant Gregory speaks in the highest terms of sailing-mas-
ter Vaughan, and Mr. Dixon, as well as the men under his com-
mand, for their patient endurance of hunger and fatigue, and the
zeal with which they performed every part of their duty.

I think, in justice to these brave men, that they ought to be al-
lowed something for the destruction of this vessel : they have,
however, every confidence in the justice and liberality of the
government, and submit their case most cheerfully to its decision.

I have the honour to be, &c.

ISAAC CHAUNCEY.
Honourable William Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

REINDEER CAPTURED BY THE WASP.

UNITED STATES' SHIP WASP, L'ORIENT, July 8tb, 1814.

SIR,

On Tuesday the 28th instant, being then in latitude 48, 36,
north, and longitude 11, 15, west, we fell in with, engaged, and
after an action of nineteen minutes, captured his Britannic ma-
jesty's sloop of war the Reindeer, William Manners, esquire,
commander.

Where all did their duty and each appeared anxious to excel,
it is very difficult to discriminate. It is, however, only render-
ing them their merited due, when it is declared of lieutenants
Reily and Bury, 1st and 3d of this vessel, and whose names will
be found among those of the conquerors of the Guerriere and Java ;
and of Mr. Tillinghast, 2d lieutenant, who was greatly instru-
mental in the capture of the Boxer ; thattheir conduct and couv-

T77

•n fulfilled my highest expectations and gratified

even «h. S iterCarr is also entitled to great credit

■I ability with which he discharged hi> various duties.

The cool ami patient conduct <>l even officer and man, while

exposed t.. t . fire of the shifting ir'in 01 the enemy, and without

an opportunity ol returning it, could only be equalled bytheani*

1 ardor exhibited when actually engaged, or by the

iptitudc and firmness with which every attempt of the enemy

il was met and successfully repelled. Such conduct may

hf -••.•il. In! < annot w«-ll be described.

I ie Reindeer mounted sixteen 84 pound carronades, two long
9 pounders, and a shifting I ! pound carronade, with a comple-
on l>oard of 118 men. Her crew were said to be the pride
of Ply month.

Our loss in men has b rere, owing in part to the proximity

"i ' •• two vessels and the extreme smoothness of the sea, but
chiefly in repelling bo That of the enemy, however, was

infinitely more so, as will be seen by the list of killed and wound-
ed on both sides.

9 i round shot struck our hull, and many grape which did not
penetrate far. The fore nasi received a l\ pound shot, which
- d through tre, and our rigging and sails were a good

deal injured.

The Reindeer a as literally cul to pieces in a lino with her ports ;

her upper i d spare spars, were one complete wreck.

A breeze spring • next afternoon, hei fore-mast wont by the

Having received all the prisoners onboard, which from the.

number of wounded occupied much time, together with their bag-

. the Reindeer wason the evening of the 29th set on fire, and

in a few hours blew up.

1 have the honour to be, &c.

J. BLAKELEY.

Honourable William Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

Kn.i.i i) \m> Woundbd. — The loss on board the Reindeer, was
25 killed and i I wounded, total 07. On board the Wasp, 5 killed
and 21 wounded, principally in boarding; among the latter, mid-
shipmen Langdon and Tuscan, both of whom expired some days
after the action.

SUN-SET, PHILADELPHIA, July 14th, 1814.
SIR,

In consequence of information received fiom general Fore-
man, at a late hour on the 11th instant, that tour of the enemy's
barges had been repulsed by a party of militia at Elkton, but that
they w ere expected to return the succeeding night in greater force,
I iras induced to order lieutenant Morgan of the navy, to march
of the officers and seamen attached to the flotilla, to lus assist-
'18

378

atiee, for the defence of that place and the adjacent country.
The above officers and sailors were embarked in a few minutes,
and you will not think them inactive, when I inform yon that in 5
hours and AT minutes, the whole detachment, completely armed,
reached the court-house at Elkton, carrying with them two heavy
pieces of travelling artillerv, notwithstanding the roads were ex-
cessively bad, p.nd the night very dark and rainy. Disappointed
in meeting the enemy, and his not evincing any disposition to re-
turn, lieutenant Morgan, with the detachment of sailors (master's
mate Stockton, and 12 seamen left with afield piece to co-operate
with captain Gale, excepted,) returned yesterday to the flotilla, by
my orders, their place being; supplied by captain Gale, and lieute-
nant Hall, with some marines from the navy yard, added to lieu-
tenant Kughn and the detachment of marines of the Guerriere, all
of whom reached Elkton early v^stf>rday afternoon.

On lieutenant Morgan's leaving the flotilla with the detachment
of sailors, I ordered lieutenant Gamble, attending the equipment
of the Guerriere, to proceed to New Castle with the seamen and
marines to supply their place. On lieutenant Morgan's return to
the flotilla, lieutenant Gamble with the seamen he brought with
him returned to Philadelphia; and it is with much satisfaction I
inform vou, that the alacrity and zeal with which all these changes
were made, doe? infinite credit to the officers, seamen and ma-
rines concerned in the same.

Captain Gale, with the detachment of marines, after proceed-
ing as far as Cecil Fur-: ce, .ill return again to Philadelphia (by
the way of Ne^ Cast should there be no immediate necessity
for his being longer absent.

I am now about to organize a corps, consisting of 100 seamen,
who can be transported across in four hours at any time, with the
assistance that is promised me by the proprietors of the New Cas-
tle line of stages.

I have the honour to be, &c.

JOHN ROGERS,

The Secretary of the Navy.

PORTSMOUTH, July 15th, 1814.

SIR,

I have the honour to inform you, that yesterday morning
gun-boat No. 88, commanded by sailing-master George Clement,
fell in with and captured, off this harbor, aChebacco boat, tender
to the Tenedos, commanded by her 2d lieutenant, having also on
board two midshipmen, and ten seamen and marines.

She had taken, the morning previous to her being captured, a
small coasting boat, which was also re-taken by Mr. Clement.

The prisoners have been given in charge of the marshal, and
left here this morning for Salem.

I have the honour to be, &.c.

ISAAC HULL.
Honourable William Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

379
BEAD CHARTERS, QUFENSTON, July 29& 18U

DEAR SIR,

i h the arraj moved and encamped m the rear dl

Port George. § ott, with the van, had some skirmishing

before tf leopj but as the enemy kept close to

their works, nothing important occurred. No lorce was left in
our rear; the H ts were abandoned to the enemy, and we did
li e that the movement would have induced him to re-occupy
the n, or close in nearer to as, bo as to bring on an engagement
>f his works, [n this we were disappointed. The army re-
■ l to-d iv, and found a bod? of militia and a few regulars in
and about the Heights. General Porter pursued with his command
and i few regula -, and was so fortunate as to come up with and
capt yen officers and ten privates. They will be sent to

(. enbush.

I have the honour to be, &c.

JACOB BROWN.

Honourable John Armstrong, Secretary of War.

HEAD QUARTERS, CHIPPEWA, July 25th, 181*.

DEAR SHI,

Ou the J3d instant, 1 received a letter by express from ge-
Beral Gaines, advising me, that on the 20th the heavy guns that I
had ordered from the harbor, to enable me to operate against forts
George and Niagara, were blockaded in that port, together with
the rifle regiment that 1 bad ordered up with them.

I hail ordered these guns and troops in boats, provided the com-

nodore should aot deem it prudent or proper to convey them in

his Beet, not doubting but that he would have been upon the lake

for their protection, and that the enemy would have been driven

into port or captured. \- general Gaines informed me, that the

commodore was confined to hi* bed with a lever, and as he did

not know when the fleet would sail, or when the guns and forces

that 1 had been expecting would even leave Sackett's Harbor, I

have thought it proper to change my potion, with >a view toother

objects. You know how greatly I am disappointed, and therefore

I will not dwell upon that painful subject. And you can best

perceive how much has been lost by the delay ; and the command

of lake Ontarn. being with the enemy— reliance being placed on a

different state of thin^.

The Indians all left me some time since. It is said that they
will return, but this vou will perceive depends on circumstances,
The reinforcement ordered on from the w est have not arrived.

1 have the honour to be, &c.

JACOB BROWN.

Honourable Secretary of War, Washington.

380

BATTLE OF NIAGARA.

BUFFALO August, 1814.

SIR,

Confined as I was, and have been, since the last encasement
with the enemy, I fear that the account I am about to give may be
less full and satisfactory, than under other circumstances it might
have been made. I particularly fear, that the conduct of the
gallant men it was my good fortune to lead, will not be noticed in
a way due to their fame, and the honour of our country.

You are already apprized that the army had, on the 25th ultimo,
taken a position at Chippewa. About noon of that day, colonel
Swift, who was posted at Levvistown, advised me by express, that
the enemy appeared in considerable force in Queenstown, and on
its heights; that four of the enemy's fleet had arrived during the
preceding night, and were then lying near fort Niagara, and that
a number of boats were in view moving up the streight. Within
a few minutes after this intelligence had been received, I was fur-
ther informed by captain Dennions of the quarter master's depart-
ment, that the enemy was landing at Levvistown, and that our
baggage and stores at Schlosser, and on their way thither, were in
danger of immediate capture. It is proper here to mention, that
having received advices as late as the 20th from general Gaines,
that our fleet was then in port, and the commodore sick, we ceas-
ed to look for co-operation from that quarter, and determined to
disencumber ourselves of baggage, and inarch directly for Bur-
lington Heights. To mask this intention, and to draw from
Schlosser a small supply of provisions, I fell back upon Chippe-
wa.

As this arrangement, under the increased force of the enemy,
left much at hazard on our side of the Niagara, and as it appeared
by the before stated information, that the enemy was about to avail
himself of it, 1 conceived that the most effectual method of recall-
ing him from this object, was to put myself in motion towards
Queenstown. General Scott, with the first brigade. Towson's
artillery, and all the dragoons and mounted men were accordingly
put in march on the road leading thither, with orders to report, if
the enemy appeared, and to call for assistance, if that was neces-
sary. On the general's arrival at the falls, he learned that the
enemy was in force directly in his front ; a narrow piece of woods
alone intercepting his view of them. Waiting only to give this in-
formation, he advanced upon them. By this time assistant adju-
tant general Jones had delivered his message, the action began,
and before the remaining part of the division had crossed the Chip-
pewa, it had become close and general between the advanced
corps. Though general Ripley with the second brigade, major
Hindman with the corps of artillery, and general Porter at the
head of his command, had respectively pressed forward with ar-
der, it was not le,ss than an hour before they were brought to

331

- - iin general Scott, during which time his command most >kil-
lullv mu . intl} maint; le conflict. Upon my arrival, I

found t' general had passed the won 1, and engaged the ene-

niv mi the Queen»town road, and on the ground to the left of it,
with i!>" 9th, llth, ami 2£d, regiments, and Towson's artillery,
th had been thrown to i :ie right, to be governed by cir-

Apprehending that these corps were much exhausted, and know*

• the) had suftei • ii cl\ , I determined tointerpose a new

■ ■ sdvam ing tro >pa : and thus diseng ige general Scott,

and hold his brigade in reserve. Ordeca were accordingly given

meral Ripley. The enemy's artillery at this moment occupi-
ed i hill which gave great advantage, and was the key of the whole
position. It was supported by a line of infantry. To secure vic-
tory, i1 was accessary to carry this artillery and seize the height.
i - iras assigned to colonel Miller, while, to favor its exe-

cution, the i t regiment, under the command of colonel Nicholas,
was directed to manouvre and amuse the infantry. To my great
mortification, this regiment, after a discharge or two, gave way
and retreated some distance, before it could be rallied, though it
i ^ I » . - 1 1 . - \ i • 1 1 the officers «>i the regiment exerted themselves to
shorten this distance. In the mean time, colonel Miller, without

:,d to this occurrence, advanced steadily and gallantly to his
objei t, and carried the height and the cannon. General Ripley
brought up the 23d regiment (which had also faltered,) to his sup-
port, and the enemy disappeared from before them. The 1st re-

S intent was n<>u brought into line on the hit of the 21st, and the
etachments of the L7th and 1 9th, general Porter occupying with
big command the extreme left. About this time colonel Miller
carried the enemy's cannon. The -2.)ih regiment, under major
Jessup, was engaged in a more obstinate conflict with all that re-
mained to dispute with us the field of battle. The major, as has
been already >tated, had been ordered by general Scott, at the
commencement of the action, to take ground to his right, lie
had »u< ( eeded in turning the enemy's ilauk — had captured (by a
detachment under captain ketchum,) general Riall and sundry
other officers, and showed himself again to his own army, in a
blaze of tire, which defeated or destroyed a very superior force of
the enemy, lie was ordered to form "on the right of the 2d regi-
ment. The enemy rallying his forces, and as is believed, having
received reinforcements, now attempted to drive us from our po-
sition and regain hi- artillery. Our line was unshaken and the
enemy repulsed. Two other attempts having the same object,
had the same issue. General Scott was again engaged in repell-
ing the former of these, and the last I saw of him in the field of
battle, he was near the head of his column, and giving to its march
a direction that would place him on the enemy's right. It was
with great pleasure I saw the good order and intrepidity of gene-
ral Porter's I olunteers from the moment of their arrival ; but dttr-

382

ing the last charge of the enemy those qualities were conspicuous..
Stimulated by the examples set them by their gallant leader, by
major Wood, of the Pennsylvania corps, by colonel Dobbin of
New York, and by their officers generally, they precipitated them-
selves upon the enemy's line, and made all the prisoners which
were taken at this point of the action.

Having been for some time wounded, and being a good deal ex-
hausted by the loss of blood, it became my wish to devolve the
command on general Scott, and retire from the field ; but on en-
quiry, I had the misfortune to learn, that he was disabled by
wounds ; I therefore kept my post, and had the satisfaction to see
the enemy's last effort repulsed. I now consigned the command"
to general Ripley.

While retiring from the field, I saw and felt, that the victory
was complete on our part, if proper measures were promptly
adopted to secure it. The exhaustion of the men was, however,
such as made some refreshment necessary. They particularly
required water. I was myself extremely sensible of the want of
this necessary article. I therefore believed it proper, that general
Ripley and the troops should return to camp, after bringing off
the dead, the wounded, and artillery; and in this I saw no diffi-
culty, as the enemy had entirely ceased to act. Within an hour
after my arrival in camp, I was informed that general Ripley had
returned without annoyance and in good order. I now sent for
him, and after giving him my reasons, for the measure I was
about to adopt, ordered him to put the troops in the best possible
condition; to give to them the necessary refreshment; to take
with him the pickets and camp gaards, and every other descrip-
tion of force ; to put himself on the field of battle as the day
dawned, and there to meet and beat the enemy it he again ap-
peared. To this order he made no objection, and I relied upon
its execution. It was not executed. I feel most sensibly how
inadequate are my powers in speaking of the troops, to do justice
to their merits, or to my own sense of them. Under abler direc-
tion, they might have done more and better.

From the preceding details, you have new evidence of the dis-
tinguished gallantry of generals Scott and Porter, of colonel
Miller, and major Jessup of the 1st brigade. The chief, with his
aid-de-camp, Worth, his major of brigade Smith, and every com-
mander of battalion, were wounded. The 2d brigade suffered
less : but as a brigade, their conduct entitled them to the applause
of their country. After the enemy's strong position had been car-
ried by the 21st and the detachments of the 17th and 19th, the
1st and 23d assumed a new character. They could not again be
shaken or dismayed. Major M'Farland of the latter, fell nobly
at the head of his battalion.

Under command of general Porter, the militia volunteers of
Pennsylvania and New York, stood undismayed amidst the hot-
test fire, and repulsed the veterans opposed to them. The Cana-

363

rolunteers, commanded by colonel Wilson, are reported by
gi.Mi.-til Porter, bb baring merited and received his approbation.

The com of artillery commanded bj major Hindman, behaved
with its usual gallantry. Towson's company attached to the lit
brigade, was the first and the last engaged, and during the whole
conflict maintained tliat nigh character which they had previously
won in their -kill ami their valor. Captains Biddle and Ritchie
vi ■ both wounded early in the action, but refused to quit the
field. The latter declared that he would never leave hi* piece;
and, true to his engagement, fell by its side covered with wounds.

The staff of the army had it- peculiar merit and distinction*
Colonel Gardner, adjutant general, though ill, was on horseback,
and did all in bis power; bis ir Jones, wa- very ac-

tive and useful. M\ gallant aids-de-camp, Austin and Spencer,
had mans and critical duties to perform, in the discharge of which
the latter fell ; 1 so ill ever think of this young man with pride
and regret : regret, th h his oareer lias been so short : pride, that
it has been so noble and distinguished. The engineers, majors
M'Ree and Wood, were greatlj distinguished ou this day, and
their high militarj talents exerted with -rear effect; they were
i h under my eys and near my person, and to their assistance,
a great deal is fairly to be ascribed. I most earnestly recommend
them, a- worthi of the highest trust and confidence. The staff
of generals Ripley and Porter, discovered groat zeal and atten-
tion to duty. Lieutenant K. II. Randolph of the 20th regiment, is
entitled to notice ; bis courage was conspicuous,

I inclose ■ return ofooT Loss: those noted missing, may gene-
pally be numbered with the dead. The enemy had but little op-
portunity of making prisoners.

I have the honour to be, &c.

.1 U'OB BROWN.

Honourable J<>lui Armstrong,

;\ of War.

FORT EftlE, August 3th, 1814.

SIR,

Having been Btationed with the 1st battalion of the 1st regi-
ment of riflemen at Black Rock, on the evening of the 9d instant,
I observed the British army moving up the river on the opposite
ipecting they might make a feint on Fort Erie, with
an intention of a real attack on the Buffalo side, I immediately
moved and took a position on the upper side of Conjocta Creek,
and that night threw up a battery ot some logs, which I found on
the ground, and had them torn "away. About 2 o'clock the next
morning, u.\ pickets from below gave me information of the land-
of 9 boats full of troops, half a mile below. I immediately
my men (240 in number) to their quarters, and patiently await-
ed their approach. At a quarter past 4, they advanced upon us,

•384

and commenced the attack, sending a party before to repair the*
bridge, under the cover of their fire. When 'they had got at good
rifle distance, 1 opened a heavy fire on them, which laid a number
of them on the ground and compelled them to retire. They then
formed in the skirt of the wood, and kept up the fire at long shot,
continually reinforcing from the Canada shore, until they had 22
boatloads, and then attempted to flank us by sending a large
body up the creek to ford it, when I detached lieutenants Ryan,
Smith and Armstrong, with about 60 men, to oppose theirleft
wing, where they were again repulsed with considerable loss, after
which they appeared disposed to give up their object, and retreat-
ed by throwing six boat loads of troops on Squaw Island, which
enfiladed the creek, and prevented me from harrassing their rear.

Their superior numbers enabled them to take their killed and
wounded oft the field, which we plainly saw, and observed they
suffered severely. We found some of their dead thrown into the
river, and covered w ith logs and stones, and some on the field.
We also collected a number of muskets and accoutrements, with
clothing that appeared to have been torn to bind their wounds.
We took six prisoners, who stated the British force opposed to us,
to consist of from 12 to 1500 men, commanded by lieutenant colo-
nel Tucker, of the 41st regiment. They also state that then-
object was to re-capture general Riall, with the other British pri-
soners, and destroy the public stores deposited at Buffalo. The
action continued about two hours and a half. I am happy to state
they were completely foiled in their attempts.

Our loss is trifling compared with theirs. We had two killed and
eight wounded. 1 am sorry to inform you that captain Hamilton,
lieutenants Wadsworth and MIntosh are among the latter.
Their gallantry in exposing themselves to encourage their men, I
think, entitles them to the notice of their country. My whole
command behaved in a manner that merited my warmest appro-
bation ; and in justice to them 1 cannot avoid mentioning the
names of the officers, which are as follows : Captain Hamilton,
lieutenants Wadsworth, Ryan, Calhoun, M'Intosh, Arnold, Short-
ridge, M'Farland, Tipton, Armstrong, Smith, Cobbs, Davidson,
and Austin, with ensign Page. If, sir, you believe we have done
our duty, we shall feel highly gratified.

I am, sir, respect full v, &x.

L. MORGAN,
Major 1st rijie regiment.
Major genera] Brown.

HEAD QUARTERS, FORT ERIE, UPPER CANADA.

August 7th, 1814,
SIR,

I arrived at this post on the 4th instant, and assumed the
command, — the army is in good spirits, and more healthy than 1
could have expected.

385

The British army under lieutenant general Drummund, is
strongly posted opposite to Black Rock, two miles east of this
fori ; ;i >kirt of thick wood separates us. I yesterday endeavoured
to draw him out to see and try his strength ; for this purpose, I
sent the rifle corps through the intervening woods, with order9
to amuse the enemy's light troops until his strong column should
gel in motion, and then to retire slowly to the plain this side the
woods, where I had a strong line posted in readiness to receive
the enemy. Our riflemen met and drove the enemy's light troops
into their linos, where they remained, although the riflemen kept
the woods near two hours, and until they were ordered in. They
returned without being able to draw any part of the enemy's force
after them.

Major Morgan reports that his officers and men acted with their
usual gallantry. The enemy left 11 dead, and three prisoners in
our hands, anil I am informed by two persons just from the Bri-
tish camp, that their loss was much more considerable; among
their killed, were five Indians. We lost five killed, and three ox-
four wounded.

General Drummond's force, from the best information we are
able to collect from deserters and others, amounts to upwards of
4000, principally regulars. De VVatteville's regiment has joined
since the battle" of the 25th ultimo, together with two or three
companies of the Glengary corps; making a total joined since the
25th, of about 1200.

AUGUST, 11th, 1814,

The enemy's position remains unchanged ; they have con-
structed two batteries with two embrasures each, and have erected
a wooden breast work 1200 to 1400 yards in our rear. In ex-
amining their works yesterday, captain Birdsallof the 4th rifle re-
giment with a detachment of the 1st, and his company, amounting
?n the whole to 160 men, beat in two of their strong pickets with
a loss on their part of 10 killed. Captain Birdsall had one killed
and three wounded. General Drummond was much disappointed
and chagrined at the failure of the enterprize of the 3d instant,
against Buffalo, our riflemen having opposed and beaten them.
Colonel Tucker, it seems, has been publicly reprimanded in ge-
neral orders.

I have the honour to be, &c.

EDMUND P. GAINES.

Hon. Secretary of War.

i SITED STATES' SHIP SUPERIOR, OFF KINGSTON,

August 10th, 1814,

SIR

I have been duly honoured with your letters of the 19th and
24th of Julv I do assure you, sir, that I have never been under
49

385

anv pledge to meet general Brown at the head of the Lake ; btrt
on'the contrary, when we parted at Sackett's Harbor, I told him
distinctly, that I should not visit the head of the Lake, unless the
enemy's fleet did. I can ascribe the intimation of general Brown,
that he expected the co-operation of the fleet to no other motive,
than a cautious attempt to provide an apology for the public,
against any contingent disaster to which his army might be ex-
posed.

But, sir, if any one will take the trouble to examine the topo-
graphy of the peninsula, (the scene of the general's operations,)
he will discover that this fleet could be ot no more service to ge-
neral Brown, or his army, than it could to an army in Tennessee.

General Brown has never been able to penetrate nearer to lake
Ontario than Queenstown, and the enemy is in possession of all
the intermediate country ; so that I could not even communicate
with the army, but by a circuitous route of 70 or 80 miles.

Admitting general Brown could have invested Fort George, the
only service he could have derived from the fleet, would be our
preventing the supplies of the enemy from entering the Niagara
river; for the water is so shallow, that the large vessels could not
approach within two miles of their works. General Brown had
therefore two abundantly sufficient reasons for not expecting the
co-operation of this fleet; it was not promised him — and was
chimerical in itself.

My fixed determination has always been to seek a meeting with
the enemy the moment the fleet was ready, and, to deprive him
of any apology for not meeting me, I have sent four guns on shore
from the Superior, to reduce her armament in number to an equa-
lity with the Prince Regent's, yielding the advantage of their 68
pounders. The Mohawk mounted two guns Jess than the Princess
Charlotte, and the Montreal and Niagara are equal to the Gene-
ral Pike and Madison. I have detached, on separate service, all
the brigs; and am blockading his four ships with our four ships, in
hopes that this may induce him to come out.

I have the honour to be, &c.

ISAAC CHAUNCEY.

Honourable William Jones,

Secretary of the Navy.

UNITED STATES' SHIP SUPERIOR, OFF KINGSTON,

August 10th, 1814.

SIR,

Great anxiety of mind and severe bodily exertions have at
length broken down the best constitution, and subjected me to a
violent fever that confined me for eighteen days. This misfortune
w.is no more to be foreseen than prevented, but was particularly
severe at the moment it happened, as it induced a delay of five
or six days in the sailing of the fleet.

387

In the early part of July, I expected the% fleet would be made
ready for sailing by the 10th or 15th; but many of the mechanics
were taken sick, and amongst them the block-makers and black-
smiths, so that the Mohawk could notbe furnished with blocks and
iron works for the gun and spar decks before the 24th or 25th
ultimo, when she was reported ready by captain Jones. As con-
siderable anxiety had been manifested by the public to have the
fleet on the lake. I should have asked captain Jones to take charge
of it and go out, but I was then recovering my health, and was
confident I should be able in three or four days to go on board
myself. There was an additional reason for submitting to this
delay in the difficulty I found in making the changes of comman-
ders, neither of them being willing to be separated from his offi-
cers and men, and a change of crews through the fleet being inad-

• -ul ° °

missible.

In the afternoon of the 31st of July, I was taken on board, but
it was calm, and I did not sail before the next morning. To sa-
tisfy at once whatever expectations the public had been led to
entertain of the sufficiency of this squadron to take and maintain
the ascendancy on this bke, and at the same time to expose the
futility of promises, the fulfilment of which had been rested on
our appearance at the head of the lake, I got under weigh at 4
o'clock in the morning of the 1st instant, and steered for the
mouth of the Niagara. Owing to light winds, I did not arrive oft
there before the 5th. There we intercepted one of the enemy's
brigs, running over from York to Niagara with troops, and ran her
on shore about six miles to the westward of Fort George, i or-
dered the Sylph in, to anchor as near to the enemy as she could
with safety, and to destroy her. Captain Elliot run in, in a very
gallant manner, to within from 300 to 500 yards of her, and was
about anchoring, when the enemy set fire to her and she soon after
blew up. This vessel was a schooner the last year, and called
the Beresford — since they altered her to a brig, they changed her
name, and I have not been able to ascertain it. She mounted 14
guns ; 12 twenty-four pound carronades, and two long nine poun-
ders.

Finding the enemy had two other brigs and a schooner in the
Niagara river, I determined to leave a force to watch them, and
selected the Jefferson, Sylph and Oneida lor that purpose, and

filaced the whole under the orders of captain Ridgely. Having
ooked into York without discovering any vessel of the enemy, I
left Niagara with the remainder of the squadron, on the evening
of the 7th, and arrived here on the 9th, We found one of the
enemy's ships in the offing, and chased her into Kingston.

My anxiety to return to this end of the lake, was increased by
the knowledge I had of the weakness of Sackett's Harbor, and
the apprehension that the enemy might receive large reinforce-
ments at Kingston, and, embarking some of his troops on board
his fleetT make a dash at the harbor and burn it with all my stores

388

during our absence. "When I left the harbor, there were but about
700 regular troops fit for duty. It is true a few militia had been
called In, but little could be expected of them should an attack be
made. My apprehension, it seems, was groundless, the enemy
having contented himself with annoying, in some trifling degree,
the coasters between Oswego and the harbor in his boats.

I cannot forbear expressing the regret I feel, that so much sen-
sation has been excited in the public mind, because this squadron
did not sail so soon as the wise heads that conduct our newspapers
have presumed to think I ought. I need not suggest to one of
your experience, that a man of war may appear to the eye of a
landsman, perfectly ready for sea, when she is deficient in many
of the most essential points of her armament, nor how unworthy
I should have proved myself of the high trust reposed in me, had
I ventured to sea in the face of an enemy of equal force, without
being ready to meet him in one hour after my anchor was weighed.
It ought in justice to be recollected, that the building and
equipment of vessels on the Atlantic, are unattended by any of
the great difficulties which we have to encounter on this lake;
there every department abounds with facilities. A commander
makes a requisition, and articles of every description are furnish-
ed in 12hours; but this fleet has been built and fitted in the
wilderness, where there are no agents and chandlers' shops and
founderies, &c. &c. to supply our wants, but every thing is to be
created ; and yet I shall not decline a comparison of what has
been done here, with any thing done on the Atlantic, in the build-
ing or equipment of vessels. The Guerriere, for instance, has
been building and fitting upwards of twelve months in the city of
Philadelphia, and is not yet ready. The President frigate went
into the navy yard at New York, for some partial repairs, a fewr
days afier the keel of the Superior was laid ; since then, two
frigates of a large class and two sloops of war of the largest class,
have been built and fitted here, and have sailed before the Presi-
dent is ready for sea, although every article of their armament
and rigging has been transported from New York in despite of
obstacles almost insurmountable. I will go further, sir, for it is
due to the unremitted and unsurpassed exertions of those who
have served the public under my command, ami will challenge
the world to produce a parallel instance, in which the same num-
ber of vessels of such dimensions have been built and fitted in
the same time by the same number of workmen.

I confess that I am mortified in not having succeeded in satis-
fying the expectations of the public, but it would be infinitely
more painful, could I find any want of zeal or exertion in my
endeavours in Bervethem, to which I could in any degree impute
their disappointment.

I have the honour to be, &c.

ISAAC CIIAUNCEY.
Ron. Wm. Jones.

389
HEAD QUARTERS, FORT ERIE, August 13th, 1814.

SIR,

It has become my painful duty to announce to you the loss
of that brave and excellent officer major Morgan, of the 1st rifle
regiment. He fell at the head of his corps, in an affair with the
enemy, on the 12th instant, after a display of gallantry worthy of
the corps, and meriting the gratitude of his country.

I had desired him to send a detachment of from 80 to 100 men
to cut oft' a working party, supported by a guard of the enemy's
tight troops, engaged in opening an avenue for a battery in our
rear, having directed to have his corps ready to support, in case
the enemy should be reinforce*'. The detachment was command-*
ed by captain Birdsall, who attacked and drove the enemy; but
when about to return to camp, he discovered a large force ap-
proaching. The firing having continued longer than the major
expected, he moved up the moment the enemy's reinforcements
made their appearance. A warm conflict ensued, in which they
were forced back, but discovering additional reinforcements, and
receiving my order to fall back, on the appearance of a large force,
the major gave the signal with his bugle to retire ; at this moment
he received a ball in his head. He was brought from the field,
together with his men who were killed and wounded. Of the
former were two riflemen and a New York volunteer, who, unso-
licited, accompanied the riflemen with a small party of his corps,
under the command of lieutenant Goodfellow, who, I am informed,
has distinguished himself on similar occasions, and for whom,
permit me to request a commission in one of the rifle regiments.

I have the honour to be, See.

EDMUND P. GAINES.

Honourable Secretary of War.

DEFEAT OF THE BRITISH AT FORT ERIE.

HEAD QUARTERS, FORT ERIE, U. C.

August 15th, 1814.

SIR,

My heart is gladdened with gratitude to Heaven and joy to
my country, to have it in my power to inform you that the gallant
armv under my command has this morning beaten the enemy com-
manded by lieutenant general Drummond, after a severe conflict
of near three hours, commencing at 2 o'clock this morning. They
attacked us on each flank, got possession of the salient bastion of
the old fort Erie, which was regained at point of the bayonet, with
a dreadful slaughter. The enemy's loss in killed and prisoners,
is about 600; near 300 killed. Our loss is considerable, but I
think not one-tenth ?s great as that of the enemy. J will not

390

detain the express to give you the particulars. I am preparing

my force to follow up the blow.

With great respect, &c.

EDMUND P. GAINES,

Brig. Gen. Commanding.
Honourable Secretary of War.

GENERAL RIPLEY'S REPORT.

FORT ERIE, August 17th, 1814.

SIR,

I take the liberty of reporting you the cause of operations on
the left flank of the camp, during the action of the 15th instant.

From indications satisfactory to me, I was persuaded very early
of the enemy's design of attacking us in our position. Before
any alarm, I caused my brigade to occupy their alarm posts. On
the first fire of the picket, captain Towson opened his artillery
upon them from fort Williams, in a style which does him infinite
credit. It was continued with very great effect upon the enemy
during the whole action.

The enemy advanced with fixed bayonets, and attempted to
enter our works between the fort and water. They brought ladders
for the purpose of scaling, and in order to prevent their troops
from resorting to any other course excepting the bayonet, had
caused all the flints to be taken from their muskets. The column
that approached in this direction consisted of colonel Fischer's
command, and amounting in number to at least 1500 men; and
according to the representations of prisoners, they were 2,000
strong. The companies posted at the point of the works, which
they attempted to escalade, were captain Ross's, captain Mars-
ton's, lieutenant Bowman's, and lieutenant Larned's, of the 21st
n giment, not exceeding 250 men, under command of major Wood,
of the engineer corps. On the enemy's approach they opened
their musketry upon them in a manner the most powerful. Fort
Williams and this little band, emitted one broad uninterrupted
sheet of light. The enemy were repulsed. They rallied, came
on a second time to the charge, and a party waded round our line
by the lake, and came in on the flank ; but a reserve of two com-
panies, posted in the commencement of the action to support this
point, marched up and fired upon the party, who were all killed or
taken. Five times in this manner did the enemy advance to the
charge ; five times were their columns beaten back in the utmost
confusion by a force one-sixth of their numbers ; till at length
finding the contest unavailing, they retired. At this point we
made 147 prisoners.

During the contest in this quarter, the lines of the whole of the
left wing were perfectly lined, in addition to the reserves ; and I
found myself able to detach three companies of the 23d regiment

391

horn the left, to reinforce the troops at Fort Erie, viz: captain
\\ 'attics', lieutenant Cantine's, and lieutenant Brown's compa-
nies, and one of the 19th under captain Chunn. Thev were in
the fort during the time of the explosion, and their conduct is
highly spoken of by major Brooke, their commanding officer.
Indeed, from the high state to which that regiment has been
brought by major Brooke, I am convinced that no troops will behave
better.

In submitting to your view the conduct of the troops under my
command on this occasion, I find every thing to applaud, nothing
to reprehend. The utmost coolness and subordination was mani-
fested, both by the 21st and 23d regiments. To major Wood I
feel particularly indebted. This officer's merits are so well known,
that approbation can scarcely add to his reputation. He has the
merit, with the Spartan band, in connexion with captain Towson's
artillery, of defeating a vaunting foe of six times his force. Ma-
jor Brooke did every thing in his power; and it a fiords me plea-
sure at all times to call the attention of the general commanding
to this amiable and accomplished officer.

The officers commanding tympanies immediately engaged, have
my highest commendation. Their conduct was most judicious
and gallant. I cannot refrain from adverting to the manner in
which captain Towson's artillery was served ; I have never seen
it equalled. This officer has so often distinguished himself, that
to Bay simply that he is in action, is a volume of eulogium ; the
army, only to be informed he is there, by a spontaneous assent,
are at once satisfied that he has performed well his part. I have
no idea that there i> an artillery officer in any service superior to
him in the knowledge and performance of his duty.

The officers I have mentioned as commanding companies of the
21st and 23d regiments, are particularly commended by their
commanding officers. Captain Marston, a most valuable officer,
commanded a first line of three companies opposed to the enemy's
column. Captain Ropes commanded the companies of reserve.
Major "Wood reports in the highest terms of the good conduct of
the subalterns. Lieutenant Riddle, of the 15th, attached to the
21st, and Hall, and ensigns Bean, Jones, Cumming, and Thomas,
of the 19th, as being extremely active, and performing their duties
with alacrity.

The manner in which lieutenant Belknap, of the 23d, retired
with his picket guard from before the enemy's column, excites
my particular commendation. He gave orders to fire three times
as he was retreating to camp, himself bringing up the rear. In
this gallant manner, he kept the light advance of the enemy in
check, for a distance of two or three hundred yardi. I have to
regret, that when entering our lines after his troops, the enemy
pushed so close upon him that he received a severe wound from a
bavonet.

392

Lieutenant Bushnel and Cissney, of the 19th, while gallantly
engaged with the enemy at Fort Erie, were both severely, if not
mortally, wounded. Their conduct merits the warmest approba-
tion .

Permit me to recommend to your notice, the good conduct of
my staff, lieutenant Kirby, of the corps of artillery, my aid-de-
camp, and lieutenant Holding, acting brigade major ; their activity
and zeal was entirely to my satisfaction.

I clo-e this long report, with stating to you, in the highest terms
ef approbation, the skilfulness exhibited by doctor Fuller, surgeon
of the 23d, and doctor Trowbridge, surgeon of the 21st infantry,
with their mates doctor Gale, of the 23d, and doctors Everett and
Allen, of the 21st; their active, humane, and judicious treatment
of the wounded, both of the enemy and of our own, together '.vith
their steady and constant attention to the duties of their station,
must have attracted your personal observation, and I am confident
will receive your approbation.

I have the honour to be, &c.

E. W. RIPLEY,
Brig, Gen. Comd'g %d Brigade.
Brigadier general Gaines.

U. S. SHIP ADAMS, HAMPDEN, (MAINE.)

August 22d, 1814.

SIR,

On the 16th, at noon, our latitude by D. R. and two double
altitudes was 42 20, and the longitude determined by morning and
evening observations of a chronometer, which had four times
proven correct within 10 miles during our preceding and present
cruize, was 66 54, the wind was fresh from south south-west, and
the sea smooth. In the afternoon, two vessels were discovered in
chase, but at such a distance that we could not ascertain their
force. The weather became very foggy at night, and the wind
remaining fresh from the same quarter, I determined to push for
some port of Massachusetts bay, near Portsmouth, and steered
the proper course for that purpose. Deeming it extremely pro-
bable we should meet some of the enemy's vessels during the
night, our prisoners were confined in the hold, and our crew re-
mained at quarters. We sailed from 10 to 11 knots an hour, till
2 A. M. when, as I expected to be, we were in 72 fathoms water*
Our estimated distance from cape Ann, 60 miles. At 4 A. M.
while in the act of preparing for sounding again, the look-outs
forward, announced breakers ahead, and in a moment after, the
ship struck upon a rock, going 10^ knots. Believing it impossible
she could bear such a shock, the prisoners were first released from
their confinement below, that they might have a( chance to save
their lives in common with ourselves upon the rocky shore, which
was now visible about 80 yards distant. On sounding the pumps,

393

no unusual quantity of water was at first discovered, and all sails
were laid a tick in hopes of forcing the ship oft". It was, how
h ered in a few minutes, she was leaking so fast that it
was deemed proper to remain on the rock until day-light. We
•rdingly furled the light Bails, and clewed up courses and top-
Bail-. h.i\ Boon enabled is to distinguish objects through the fog,
li i yards distance, and to ascertain the hopelessness of

saving the snip. Her cutwater was entirely destroyed below the
Dine foot mark ; the depth of water under her forefoot, between
five and «i\ feel ; forward of her starboard main chains, 12 feet;
astern, Bevel) fathoms, into which the ship from the situation of
her bows, was depressed below her stern ports. The wind fresh
and a Dumber of rocks just to leeward, a considerable surf. From
the small portion of land that was visible, it was generally be-
lieved to be the nubble of cape Neddock, not far from Portsmouth.
Hoisted oul our boats, sent the small ones to seek a place where
a landing might be most safely effected. In the mean time, en-
. ed in getting our sick into the larger boats, with their bedding,
clothes and provisions, ready for landing. The boats soon re-
turned, having fortunately discovered a small chasm in the rock
capable of admitting a boat, and a ravine connected with it, in
which the sick might be sheltered in some degree from the wea-
ther. Having secured the safety of the sick, it was determined,
from motives of humanity, to send the prisoners next, with every
tiling belonging to them, and with sails, tarpaulins and medicines
for the further comfort of the sick. A surgeons' mate was also
sent, and the charge of the whole committed to the purser, Mr.
Rodgers. Knowing it to be near low water when the ship struck,
I determined to make every effort with the remaining portion of
our crew, to <;et her oh*', when the tide should rise, though with
little hope that she could be kept long above water, as we had as-
certained the leak to be about nine feet an hour. Our only kedge
had been early laid out on our weather quarter to keep her as
nearly in the same position as possible; and our only heavy an-
chor was now let go from the waist, to prevent her swinging into
wiy deep water, should she go oft', and to keep her from the rocks
and reefs to leeward, should she float. At 10 A. M. it became
evident that the tide would light her off, — furled the topsails and
lij^ht square sails ; carried the kedge out from the bow, two cables
lengths on shore, and continued to send such articles out of the
ship as we could most conveniently spare, in case of floating.
After some heavy strains, at half past 10, the surf lifted her off,
and ->he Bwung to her anchor. Manned all the pumps and found
we could gain upon her. The flood tide being nearly done, it was
necessary together under weigh, instantly to reap the advantages
of its weather current, the rocks astern and to leeward not be-
ing half the ship's length distant. Hove up, canted her offshore
with the kedge and head sails, and fortunately passed from 10 to
50 vards to windward of the rocks and reefs which extended

394

about three fourths of a mile from the land. All hands were era-'
ployed at the pumps and sails, during the night, in the hope of
being able to reach Portland the next day. At day light, the
weather was clear, and you may judge our surprise at discovering
ourselves near the island of mount Desart. This discovery ex-
cited the greatest anxiety for the fate of our companions. Many
of the islands in the vicinity, were uninhabited — we were igno-
rant on which they were, and they were probably exposed to all
the inclemencies of the weather, while suffering the pain of that
dreadful disease the scurvy. I soon fell in with two fishing boats,
both of which i despatched in search of them, and then used
every possible diligence to get into Penobscot bay, which we for-
tunately effected during the night; and I had the happiness to
hear the next morning, that our sick companions had all been
safelv conveyed to Camden, with the exception of one who had
expired. My first intention was to have stopt at Castine, but
was induced"to proceed to this place, as one much better calcu-
lated for a vessel in our situation. The extent of the injury
which she has received, cannot yet be known. Our pumps are
continually in motion. 1 have procured a light ship, and shall
take every thing out of her, and then lay her on shore, as the
only means of ascertaining her damages at this place. I cannot
conclude this communication, without recommending, in the
strongest terms, the uncommon good conduct of the officers, sea-
men and marines on this occasion. Never were my orders exe-
cuted with more promptitude or less confusion. Their coolness
during the time the ship was upon and among the rocks, could
only be surpassed by their cheerful endurance of unremitted and
the most fatiguing labour. Nothing but the former could have
rescued her from her perilous situation, and but for the latter,
she would have been rescued in vain.

Very respectfully, &c.

C. MORRIS.

Hon. Win. Jones.

DEFENCE OF FORT ERIE.

HEAD QUARTERS, LEFT WING, 2d DIVISION,

Fort Erie, U. C. August 23d, 1814.

SIR,

I have the honour to communicate, for the information of
the department of war, the particulars of the battle fought at this
place, on the loth instant, between the left v\ing of the 2d divi-
sion of the northern army, under my command, and the British
forces in the peninsula of Upper Canada, commanded by lieute-
nant general Drummond, which terminated in a signal victory in
favour of the United American arms.

S95

Our position on the margin of the lake, at the entrance of the
Ni ig.tra river, being nearly a horizontal plain, twelve or fifteen
feet above the surface of the water, possessing few natural ad-
va;. _■•-. had been strengthened in front by temporary parapet
bre i-t works, entrenchments and abattis, with two batteries and
six field pieces. The Mtiall unfinished fort, Erie, with a 24, 18,
and 12 p Hinder, forms the north-east, and the Douglass battery,
\\.r tan is and 6 pounder near the edge of the lake, the south-east
J! '■ of our ri-_r'it. The left is defended by a redoubt battery,
wiMi six field pieces ju>r thrown up on a small ridge. Our rear
a - jifii to the lake, bordered by a rocky shore of easy as-

c« .. Tfte battery oo tlie left was defended by captain Tow*
; fort Erie, by captain Williams, with major Trimble's com-
iii d uf the 19th infantry; the batteries on the front, bv cap-
tat is Biddle and Panning ; the whole of the artillery commanded
l>\ major Hindman. Parts of the 11th, 9th, and 22d infantry
(ot ihe hite veteran brigade of major general Scott) uere posted
on the right, under the command of lieutenant colonel Aspinwall.
Geo R pley's brigade, consisting of the 21st and 23d, defend-
ed : ■ (yeneraJ Porter's brigade of New York and Pennsyl-
vania volunteers, with our distinguished riflemen, occupied the
centre.

I have heretofore omitted stating to you, that during the 13th
am! 14th, die enetnv had kept up a brisk cannonade, which was
sharply returned from our batteries, without any considerable
lose on <»ur part. At 6 P. M. one of their shells lodged in a
small magazine in fort Brie, which was fortunately almost empty.
It blew up with an explosion more awful in appearance, than in-
jurious in its effects, as it did not disable a man, or derange a gun.
It occasioned but a momentary cessation of the thunders of the
artitlerv on both sides; it was followed by a loud and joyous
sh tit by the British army, which was instantly returned on our
part, and captain Williams, amidst the smoke of the explosion,
renewed the contest bv an animated roar of his heavy cannon.

From the supposed loss of our ammunition, and the consequent
depression such an event was likely to produce upon the minds of
our men, I felt persuaded that this explosion would lead the
enemv to assault, and made my arrangements accordingly. The
annexed paper No. l,is a copy "of lieutenant general Drummond's
order, and plan of attack. [Not published.]

The night was dark, and the early part of it raining, but the
faithful sentinel slept not ; one third of the troops were up at
their posts. At half past two o'clock, the right column of the
enemv approached, ami though enveloped in darkness black as
his designs and principles, was distinctly heard on our left, and
promptly marked by our musketry under major Wood, and can-
non under captain Tnwson. Being mounted at the moment, I re-
paired to the point of attack, where the sheet of fire rolling from
To wbon's battery, and the musketry of the left wing of the 21st

iufkntrr under major Wood, enabled me to see the enemy*? co-
lama of about 1500 men approaching on that point: hi? advance
I ecked, until it had approached within ten feet of our

rby. A line of loose brush representing an abattit- only in-
tervened ; a column of the enemv attempted to pass round the
mbattis through the water, where breast deep. Ap-

prehending that this point would be carried, I ordered a detach-
ment of riflemen and infantry . support, but having met with
the j . :ommander, m Wood, was -• red by him that he
could defend his position without reinforcements. A: this mo-
men' e Msnr were repulsed, but instantly renewed the charge
and were again r: *ed. Mv attention was now called to the
ere our batl - and lines were soon lighted by a v

ant fire of cannon and musketrv : it - ed the approach

-of the enemy, under colonels Drum-
mond and 5 - received by the veteran 9th, un-

der the command of captain Foster, and c- . :on and

g*= : ompanies of New fork, and Pennsylvania voluntr -

lb i sis pounder judiciously po-ted by r. M hief

: s neer, who was most active and useful at this point : they were
repulsed. That of the centre, led bv colonel Drumniond, was not
long kept in check : it approached at once eve m liable point
of t I with scaling ladder- - e parapet, but

was repulsed with dreadful c . The aasaaltwas twice re-
peated, and - n checked, but the enemy having moved round

. covered bv darkness, added to the heavy cloud of sr
which had rolled from our cannon and musketry, enveloping sur-
rounding objects, repeated the charge, re-ascended the ladders ;
their pikes, bavonets and spears fell upon our gallant artiller:-?
The gallant spirits of our favourite captain Williams and lieute-
nants M'Doaoagh and Watmough. with their brave men, were

come. The two former, and several of -their men, received
deadlv -. Our bastion was lost; lieutenant M'Donough,

being severelv wounded, demanded quarter : it was refused by
colonel Drummond. The li- if then seized a hand spike

and noblv defended himself until he was »hot down with a p:_- .
: . - who had refused him quarter, who often reiterated

the orc^ — ghre the damned vankees no quarter.** This officer,
-raverv, if it had been seasoned with virtue, would have
entitled him to the admiration of everv soldier. This hardened
■urderer soon met his fate. Hr isf "igh the breast by

of the regiment, while repeating the order

"to give no quarte-.'"

T e battle now raged with increased fury on the right, but on
the left the enemv was repulsed and put to flight. Thence and
from the centre. I ordered reinforcements. They were promptly
sent by brigadier general Riplev, and brigadier general Porter.

tain Fanning, of the corps of* artillery, kept up a spirited and
fire with his field pieces, on the enemy attempting

397

approach the fort. Major Uindman's gallant efforts, aided by
Major Trimble, having failed to drive the enemy from the bastion,
with th> • and infantry in the fort, captain

HinUall, of tlie 4th rihV regiment, with a detachment of riflemen,
gallantrv rushed in through the gateway to their assistance, and
with some infantrv, charged tne enemy, but was repulsed, and the
captain severely wounded. A detachment from the 11th, 19th,
and _-2d infantrv, under captain Poster, <>f the 11th, were intro-

d <i\.-r the interior bastion, for the purpose of charging the
v. Major Hall, ass • - tor general, very handsomely

trndrrfdhiiniiTirro < the chare , I e charge a a? gallantly

made b^ iter and major Hall, but owing to die narrow-

ness <>f the pass p t<> the bastion, admitting only two or three

abreast, it failed. It' ted, and - » checked ;

the ene ce in the h - however, much cut to pieces

and diminished bv our artillery and small arms. .V I - moment

v operation »a» ai by the explosion of some cartridges

deposited in the end off - inc. building adjoining the contested

on. The • - jsaendons — it was dei - : the

- i.jinent, dptain Bid' - or-

dered to tau>e a Bold piece to I- - - to enfilade the ex-

terior plain an< ■_ i > aptain, though not recovered

from i severe contusion in the shoulder, -d from one of

enemy'i shells, pcomptlj - position, and served his

with vivacity and I Pannii _'- ba

likewise played opmi them at - great el The

enemy were in a few mot mtirely del taken or potto

\ leaving on the field l&i killed. 174 wounded, and 186 pri-
\ large portion are - - irelv wounded, that they tan-
nut survive; the slightly wounded, it is presumed, were curried

off

To brigadier general Ripley, much credit is due for the judi-
- - in of the Lett wing, previous to the action, and tor
the steady disciplined courage manifested by him and his imme-
diate command, and for the piaaapti - ith which he complied
with my orders for reinforcement during the action. Brigadier
■ral" Porter, commanding the New York and Pennsylvania
8, manifested a degree of vigilance and judgment ii
preparatorv arrangement - - ;• - ' courage in

the action, which pr<»ves him to be worthy the confidence of his coun-
try, and the brave volunteers who fought under him. Of the volun-
teers, captains Broughton and Harding with their detach e
ed on the right, and attached to the line commanded by captain E.
1 --er, of the veteran 9th infantry, handsomely contributed to
the repulse of the left column of the enemy under colonel Scott.
lie judicious preparations and steady conduct ol lieutenant
colonel Aspinwall, commanding the first brigade, merit approba-
•n.

398

To major M'Ree, chief engineer, the greatest credit is due for
the excellent arrangement and skilful execution of his plans for
fortifying and defending the right, and for his correct and season-
able suggestions to regain the bastion. Major Wood, of the en-
gineers, also greatly contributed to the previous measures of de-
fence. He has accepted the command ol a regiment of infantry,
(the :21st,) for which he has often proved himself well qualified,
but never so conspicuously as on this occasion.

Towson's battery emitted a constant sheet of fire. Wood's
small arms lighted up the space, and repulsed five terrible charges
mide between the b.tttery and the lake. Brigadier general Rip-
ley speaks in high terms of the officers and men engaged, parti-
cularly captains Marston and Ropes, lieutenants Riddle (of the
15th, doing duty with the 21st) and Hall; ensigns Benn, Jones,
Cummings and Thomas of the 21st, and Really and Green of
the 19th.

Major Hindman, and the whole of the artillery under the com-
mand of that excellent officer, displayed a degree of gallantry
and good conduct not to be surpassed. The particular situation
of captain Towson, and the much lamented captain Williams
and lieutenant M'Donough, and that of lieutenant Watmough, as
already described, with their respective commands, rendered them
most conspicuous. The courage and good conduct of lieutenant
Zantzinger and lieutenant Childs, is spoken of in high terms by
major Hindman and captain Towson, as also that of Serjeant
major Denhon. Captains Biddle and Fanning, on the centre and
right of their entrenchments, threw their shot to the right, left
and front, and annoyed the Indians and light troops of the enemy
approaching from the woods. Lieutenant Fontaine in his zeal to
meet the enemy, was unfortunately wounded and made prisoner.
Lieutenant Bird was active and useful, and in fact every indivi-
dual belonging to the corps did their duty.

The detachment of Scott's gallant brigade, consisting of parts
of the 9th, 11th and 22d infantry, did its duty in a manner worthy
the high reputation the brigade had acquired at Chippewa, and at
the falls of Niagara. The 9th, under the command of captain
Edmund Foster, was actively engaged against the left of the
enemy, and with the aid of lieutenant Douglass's corps of bom-
bardeirs, commanding the water battery, and of that of the volun-
teers, under captains Broughton and Harding, effected their re-
pulse. The good conduct of lieutenants Childs, Cushman and
Foot, and ensign Blake, deserves commendation.

The officers killed, are captain Williams and lieutenant M'Do-
nough of the artillery. Wounded, lieutenant Watmough of the
artillery ; ensign Cissney 19th ; lieutenant Bushnel 21st; lieute-
nants Brown and Belknap 23d; and captain Birdsall, 4th rifle
regiment, all severely.

Lieutenant Fontaine of the artillery, who was taken prisoner,
vrites from the British camp, that he fortunately fell into the

399

hands of the Indians, who, after taking his money, treated him
kindly. It would mtiii, then, that these savages fiad not joined
in the resolution to give no quarter.

To Major Jones, assistant adjutant general, and major Hall,
assistant inspector general ; captain Harris of the dragoons, vo-
lunteer aid-de-camp; lieutenant Belton, aid-de-camp, much
credit is due for their constant vigilance and strict attention to
every duty previous to the action, and the stead v courage, zeal
and activity, which they manifested daring the action.

The surgeons, doctors duller £3d, Trowbridge "21st, with their
mates; doctors Gale of the 23d, and Everitt and Allen of the
21st, deserve the wannest approbation, for their indefatigable ex-
ertions and humane attention to the wounded of our army, as
well as to the prisoners who fell into their hands.

1 have the honour to be, &c.
E. P. GAINES, Brig. Gen. Comdg.
Hon. John Armstrong-, Secretary of War.

Htpori of the killed, wounded and prisoners, taken at the buttle
of Erie, I . C. August \5th, 181-4.

Killed, left on the field, 222 — wounded, left on the field, 174
prisoners, 186. Grand total, 582.

Two hundred suppo>ed to be killed on the left flank, near
Snake Hill (in the water) and permitted to float down the Nia-
gara. The number on the right flank, near the woods, could not
be ascertained.

Given at the inspector general's office, Fort Erie, Upper Ca-
nada.

NATHL. N. HALL,

jissist. Inspt. Gen.
Brig. Gen. E. P. Gaines, Sie.

HEAD QUARTERS, FORT ERIE, UPPER CANADA,

August 26th, 1814.

SIR,

In my report of the battle of the 15th instant, I inadvertent-
ly omitted the names of captain Chunn of the 19th, lieutenants
Bowman and Larned, of the 21st, and Jewittofthe 11th infantry,
as also my brigade major, lieutenant Gleason; each of whom
bore a conspicuous part in the action,, and whom I beg leave to
recommend to your notice. Lieutenants Bowman and Larned
commanded companies in the 21st, which so gallantly beat the
enemy's right column. Captain Chunn with his company was
doing duty with the same regiment. I also omitted mentioning
that a part of this regiment pursued the enemy's right upwards
of a mile, and took 100 prisoners ; his left was also pursued, and

400

more than an hundred prisoners were taken beyond our works.
These facts prove, that the affair was not merely a defence of our
position, or a mere repulse of the enemy, as I find it called by
some. As regards myself, 1 am satisfied with the result, and am
not disposed to make any difficulty about the name by which the
affair may be called ; but it is due to the brave men I have the
honour to command, that I should say, that the affair was to the
enemy a sore beating and a defeat, and it was to us a handsome
victory.

Our position is growing stronger every day by the exertions of
majors M'Ree and Wt.od, and the officers and men generally.
We keep up a smart cannonade. One of the enemy's pickets
yesterday approached nearer to ours than usual. Major Brooks,
officer of the day, added 1 00 men to our picket, attacked and drove
them in with considerable loss; the major brought in about 30
muskets. In this affair, however, we have to lament the loss ot
another gallant officer, captain Wattles, of the 23d ; our loss was
otherwise inconsiderable.

I have the honour to be, &c.
E. P. GAINES,
Brigadier General Commanding,
Hon. John Armstrong, Secretary of War.

BATTLE OF BLADENSBURG.

BALTIMORE, August 2~th, 1814.

SIR,

When the enemy arrived at the mouth of Potomac, of all the
militia which I had been authorized to assemble there were but
about 1,700 in the field, from 13 to 1400 under general Stansbury
near this place, and about 250 at Bladensburg, under lieutenant
colonel Kramer ; the slow progress of draft, and the imperfect
organization, with the ineffectiveness of the laws to compel them
to turn out, rendered it impossible to have procured more.

The militia of this s'ate, and the contiguous parts of Virginia
and Pennsylvania, were called on en masse, but the former militia
law of Pennsylvania had expired on the 1st of June or July, and
the one adopted in its place is not to take effect in organizing the
militia before October. No aid, therefore, has been received from
that state.

After all the force that could be put at my disposal in that short
time, and making such dispositions as I deemed best calculated
to present the most respectable force at whatever point the enemy
might strike, 1 was enabled by the most active and harrassing
movements of the troops, to interpose before the enemy at Ela-
densburg, about 5000 men, including 330 regulars, and commo-
dore Barney's command. Much the largest portion of this force
arrived on the ground when the enemy were in sight, and were

401

di«po*ed to support in the best manner the position which general
Btansbury had taken. They had barely reached the ground be-
i the action commenced, which was about one oxlock, P. M.
of the •■ZAlh instant, and continued about an hour.

The contest was not as obstinately maintained as could have
desired, but was bv parts of the troops sustained with great
spirit and with prodigious effect, and had the whole of our force
been equally firm, I am induced to believe the enemy would have
been repulsed notwithstanding all the disadvantages under which
we fought. The artillery from Baltimore, supported bv major
Pinkney's rifle battalion and a part of captain Doughty's from the
Navy Yard, were in advance to command the pass of the bridge
at Bladeosburg, and plaved upon the enemy, as 1 have since learn-
ed, with very destructive effect; but the rifle troops were obliged
after some time to retire, and of cour.-e artillery. Superior numbers,
however, rushed upon them and made their retreat necessary, not
however without great loss on the part of the enemy. Major
Pinkney received a severe wound in his right arm, after he had
retired to the left flank of Stansbury's brigade. The right and
centre of Stansburv's brigade, consisting of lieutenant colonel
Ragan's and Shute/.'s regiments, generally gave way very soon
afterwards, with the exception of about forty rallied by colonel
Ragan, after having lost his horse and a whole or apart of captain
Trower's company, both of whom general Stansbury represents
to have made, even thus deserted, a gallant stand. The fall which
lieutenant colonel Ragan received from his horse, together with
bifl great efl'orts to Bustain hie position, rendered him unable to
follow the retreat ; we have, therefore, to lament that this gallant
and excellent officer has been taken prisoner. He has, however,
been paroled, and 1 met him here recovering from the bruises
occasioned bv hi> fall. The loss of his services at this moment
is serious. The 5th Baltimore regiment, under lieutenant colonel
Sterret, being the left of brigadier general Stansbury's brigade,
still, however, stood their ground, and except for a moment,
when part of them recoiled a few steps, remained firm and stood
until ordered to retreat with a view to prevent them from being
out flanked.

The reserve under brigadier general Smith, of the district of
Columbia, with the militia of the city and Georgetown, with the
regulars and some detachments of the Maryland militia, flanked
on their right by commodore Barney and his brave fellows, and
lieutenant Colonel Beall, still were* to the right on the hill and
maintained the contest for some time with great eflect.

It is not with me to report the conduct of commodore Barney
and his command, nor can I speak from observation, being too re-
mote ; but the concurrent testimony of all who did observe them,
does them the highest justice for their brave resistance, and the
destructive eflect they produced on tiie enemy. Commodore
51

402

Barney, after having lost his horse, took post near one of his guns,
and there unfortunately received a severe wound in the thi»-h,
and he also fell into the hands of the enemy.

Captain Miller, of marines, was wounded in the arm fighting;
bravely. From the best intelligence there remains but little doubt
that the enemy lost at least four hundred killed and wounded, and
of these a very unusual portion killed. Our loss cannot, I think,
be estimated at more than from thirty to forty killed, and fifty or
sixty wounded.

You will readily understand that it is impossible for me to
speak minutely of the merit or demerit of particular troops so
little known to me from their recent and hasty assemblage. My
subsequent movements, for the purpose of preserving as much of
my force as possible, gaining reinforcements and protecting this
place, you already know.

I have the honour to be, &c.

\VM. H. WINDER,
Brig. Gen. Comclg. 10th M. D.

P. S. We have to lament that captain Sterret, of the 5th Bal-
timore regiment, has also been wounded, but is doing well ; other
officers, no doubt, deserve notice, but I am as yet unable to par-
ticularize.
Hon. John Armstrong, Secretary of War.

NAVY YARD, WASHINGTON, August 27th, 1814.
SIR,

After receiving your orders of the 24th, directing the public
shipping, stores, &c. at this»establishment, to be destroyed, in case
of the success of the enemy over our army, no time was lost in
making the necessary arrangements for firing the whole, and pre-
paring boats for departing from the yard, as vou had suggested.
About 4 P. M. I received a message by an officer, from the Secre-
tary of ^ War, with information that he could " protect me no
longer." Soon after this, I was informed that the conflagration
of the Eastern Branch bridge had commenced ; and, in a few
minutes, the explosion announced the blowing up of that part near
the " draw," as had been arranged in the morning.

It had been promulgated, as much as in mv power, amoHg the
inhabitants of the vicinity, the intended fate of the vard, in order
that they might take every possible precaution for the safety of
themselves, families, and property. Immediately several indivi-
duals came, in succession, endeavoring to prevail on ine to deviate
from my instructions, which they were invariably informed was
unavailing, unless they could bring me your instructions in writ-
ing, countermanding those previously given. A deputation also of
the most respectable women came on the same errand, when I

403

mind myself painfully necessitated to inform then that any far-
ther importunities would cause the matches to be instantly ap-
Fi t ■ the trains, with assurance, however, that if left at peace,
lid delay the execution of the orders as \on<z as I could feel
i - i. low of justification. Captain Creighton's arrival at

, with the men who had been with him at the bridge, (pro-
: o'clock,) would hare justified me in instant opera-

tion ; l>ut he also was strenuous in the desireto obviate the intend-
ed destruction, and volunteered to ride out and gain me positive
inform ition, is to the position of the enemy, under the hope that
our;nm\ mighl have rallied and repulsed them. I was myself,
indeed, desirous of delay, lor the reason that the wind was then
blowing fi esh from the south south west, v hich would most probably
t tused the destruction of all the private property north and

jrard, in its neighbourhood. I was of opinion, also,
t the close ol the evening would bring with it a calm, in which
happili wewerenot disappointed. Other gentlemen, well mount-
ed, volunteered, a> captain Creighton had done, to go out and
bring me positive intelligence of the enemy's situation, if pos-
eible to obtain it.

'I'lu- evening came, and 1 waited with much anxiety the return
of captain Creighton, having almost continual information that
the enemy were in the neighbourhood of the marine barracks, —
at the capitol hill— and that their " advance" was near George-
tow 11. I therefore determined to wait only until half past 8
«»\ lock, to commence the execution of my orders, becoming ap-
prehensive thai captain Creighton had, from his long stay, fallen
into the hands of the enemy. During this delay, I ordered a lew
marine-., and other persons who were then near me, to go off in
i of the small galfies. which was done, and the boat is ; saved.
< lone! Wharton had been furnished with a light boat, with which
he let; the yard, probably between 7 and 8 o'clock. At twenty
minutes past s captain Creighton returned ; he was still extreme-
ly averse to the destruction of the property, but having informed
him thai vonr order., tome were imperative, the proper disposition
ol the boat, being made, the matches were applied, and in a lew
moments the whole was in a state of irretrievable conflagration.
When about leaving the wharf I observed the fire had also com-
menced at Greenlelfs point, and in the way out of the branch,
we observed the Capitol on fire. Ithad been my intention no to
I, ave the vicinity o( the yard with my boat during the night ; but
having captain Creighton and other gentlemen with me, she was
too much encumbered and overladen to render that de termination
proper. We therefore proceeded to Alexandria, in lie vicinity
if which I rested till the morning of the 25th when, having also
refreshed the rig's crew, we left Alexandria at hall past 7 a ctocK,
and proceedelagain up to the yard, where 1 landed, unmolested,
about a quarter before nine.

404

The schooner Lynx had laid alongside the burning wharf, still ur»
hurt; hoping, therefore, to save her, we hauled her to the quarter
of the hulk of the New York, which had also escaped the ravage*
of the flames. The detail issuing store of the navy store keeper
had remained safe from the fire during the night, which the enemy,
(being in force in the yard) about 8 o'clock set fire to, and it was
speedily consumed. It appeared that they had left the yard about
half an hour when we arrived. I found my duelling house, and
that of lieutenant Haraden, untouched by fire ; but some of the
people of the neighbourhood had commenced plundering them;
therefore, hastily collecting a few persons known to me, 1 got
some of mvmost valuable materials moved to neighbours' houses
out of the yard, who tendered me their ofl'ers to receive them, the
enemv's officers having declared private property sacred. Could
I have staid another hour, I had probably saved all my furniture
and stores ; but being advised by some friends, that I was not
safe, they believing that the admiral was by that time, or would
speedily be informed of mybeing in the yard, he having expressed
an anxious desire to make me captive, but had said that the offi-
cers' dwellings in the yard should not be destroyed. I therefore
again embarked in the gig, taking along out of the branch one of
the new launches, which lay safe, although along side of a floating
sta^e enveloped in flames. I had no sooner gone than such a
scene of devastation and plunder took place in the houses (by the
people of the neighbourhood,) as is disgraceful to relate ; not a
moveable article, from the cellars to the garrets, has been left us,
and even some of the fixtures, and the locks of the doors, have
been shamefully pillaged. Some of the perpetrators, however,
have been made known to me.

From the number and movements of the enemy, it would have
appeared rash temerity to have attempted returning again that
day, though my inclination strongly urged it; therefore, reconnoi-
term* their motions, as well as could be effected at a convenient
distance in the gig, until evening, I again proceeded to Alexandria
for the night. Yesterday morning, the 26th, it was impossible to form
{from the various and contradictory reports at Alexandria) any sort
of probable conjecture, either of the proceedings and situation of
our army, or that of the enemy. Determining, therefore, to have a
positive knowledge of some part thereof, from occular demonstra-
tion, I again embarked in the gig, proceeding with due caution to
the yard, where I learned with chagrin the devastation and pillage
before mentioned, and found also, to my surprise, that the old<»un
boat, which had been loaded with provisions, and had grounded,
in endeavouring to get out of the branch, on the evening of the
24th, was nearly discharged of her cargo, by a number of our
people, without connexion with each other. Having landed in
the yard, 1 stxmi ascertained that the enemy had left the city, ex-
cepting only a Serjeant's guard, for the security of the sick and

465

x ndc I. Finding it impracticable to stop the scene of plundar
ed, 1 determined instantly on re-possessin" the
J all the force at my command. Repairing, therefore, im-

mediately to Alexandria, lieutenant Haraden, the ordinary men,
ami the lew marines there, were ordered directly up ; following
myself, I got fall p •- u again at evening.

I un no* collecting the scattered purloined provisions,
read\ for your orders, presuming they will now become very
> indeed ; the quantity saved, you shall be informed when

known u> me. I lie Lj ax i- -air, except her foremast being carried

y in the storm of the 25th, abuut -4 P. M. We have alsoano-
thei <•! the gun boats, with about 100 barrels of powder, and one
of the I.. _• yard cutters nearly full, with the filled cvlinder>, for
our different guns previously mounted ; the powder of those, how-
ever, is probably much wetted by the storm. 1 would most wil-
lingly have an interview with you, but deem it improper to leave
m\ station without some justifiable cause, or in pursuance of
your instructions, under which I am ready to proceed, wherever
mj services may bethought useful.

I have the honour to be, &c.

THOMAS TINGEY.

Hon. W. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

N'TE. In the naw yard at Y\ ashington, there is an elegant Italian mar-
til, n, nrament, erected b\ the officers of the American navy, at their own
. sacmito the mcmon of their gallant brethren who fell before Tri-
I I is monument was mutilated hi/ the British on the 25th of August 1814.

El>lT.

FARM AT ELK RIDGE, August 29th, 1814.
b IR,

This is U»e first moment I have had it in my power to make a
report of tiie proceedings of the forces under my command, since
1 had the honour of seeing you at the camp at the " Old Fields."
On the afternoon of that day, we were informed that the enemy
was advancing upon us. The army was put under arms, and our
positions taken : my lorces on the'right, flanked by the two bat-
talion- of the 36th and 38th, where we remained" some hours ;
the enemy did not make hi- appearance. A little before sun-set
£• ru ral it inder came to me, and recommended that the heavy ar-
tillery should be withdrawn, with the exception of one 12 pounder
to cover the retreat. We took up our line of march, and in the
night entered W ashington by the hastern Branch bridge. 1 march-
ed my men, &c to the marine barracks, and took up quarters for
the night, myself sleeping at commodore Tin^ev's, in the navy
yard. About 2 o'clock general Winder came to my quarters,
and we made some arrangements for the morning. In the morning
I received a note from general "Winder, and waited upon him; he

406

requested me to take command, and place my artillery to defend
the passage of the bridge on the Eastern Branch, as the enemy
was approaching ihe city in that direction. I immediately put
my guns in position, leaving the marines and the rest of my men
at the barracks, to wait further orders. I was in this situation
when I had the honour to meet you, with the President and
heads of departments, when it was determined that I should draw
ofi" my guns and men, and proceed towards liladensburg, which
was immediately put into execution. On our way, I was informed
the enemy was within a mile of Bladensburgh ; — we hurried on.
The day was hot, and my men very much crippled from the severe
marches we had experienced the days before, many of them being
without shoes, which I had replaced that morning. I preceded the
men, and when 1 arrived at the line which separates the district
from Maryland, the battle began. I sent an officer back to hurry
on my men; they came up in a trot ; we took our position on the
rising ground, put the pieces in battery, posted the marines under
captain Miller, and the flotilla men, who were to act as infantry,
under their own officers, on my right, to support the pieces, and
waited the approach of the enemy. During this period the en-
gagement continued, and the enemy advancing, our own army re-
treating before them, apparently in much disorder. At length
the enemy made his appearance on the main road, in force, and
in front of my battery, ard on seeing us made a halt. I reserved
our fire. In a few minutes the enemy again advanced, when I
ordered an 18 pounder to be fired, which completely cleared the
road ; shortly after, a second and a third attempt mas made by the
enemy to come forward, but all were destroyed. They then cross-
ed over into an open field, and attempted to flank our right ; he
was there met by three 1:2 pounders, the marines under captain
Jliller, and my men, acting as infantry, and again was totally cut
up. By this time not a vestige of the American army remained,
except a body of five or six hundred, posted on a height on my
right, from whom I expected much support, from their fine situ-
ation.

The enemy from this period never appeared in force in front
of us ; they pushed forward their sharp shooters ; one of which
shot my horse under me, who fell dead between two of my guns.
The enemy, who had been kept in check by our fire for nearly
half an hour, now began to out-flank us on the right}; our guns
were turned that way ; he pushed up the hill, about two or three
hundred, towards the corps of Americans stationed as above de-
scribed, who, to my great mortification, made no resistance, giving
a fire or two and retired. In this situation we had the whole army
of the enemy to contend with. Our ammunition was expended ;
and, unfortunately, the drivers of my ammunition wagons had
gone off in the general panic. At this time I received a severe
wound in my thigh ; captain Miller was wounded ; sailing master

407

0 i r killed ; acting sailing master Martin killed; and sailing
master Martin wounded; but to the honour of iny officers and
men, .1- fast as their companions and messmates fell at the wins
they were instantly replaced from the infantry.

Finding the enemy now completely in our rear, and no means
of defence, I gave orders to my officers and men to retire. Three

01 mj offii era assisted me to i;c"t oft* a short distance, but the great
loss of blood occasioned such a weakness, that I was compelled
to lie down. I requested mv officers to leave me, which they ob-
stinately refused; hut upon being ordered they obeyed, one only
remained. In a Bhort time I observed a British soldier, and had
him called, and directed him to seek an officer; in a few minutes
an officer came, and on learning who I was, brought general Ross
ami admiral Cockbnrn to me. Those officers behaved to me with
the most marked attention, respect and politeness, had a surgeon
brought, and my wound dressed immediately. After a few min-
Dtes conversation, the general informed me (after pavin°- me a
handsome compliment] that I was paroled, and at liberty to pro-
ceed to \\ ashingtoa or Bladensburg; as also Mr. Huffington, who
had remained with me, offering me every as.«astance in his power,
giving orders lor a litter to be brought, in which 1 was carried to
Bladensburg ; captain Woinwright, first captain to admiral Coch-
ran.-, remained with me, and behaved to me as if I was a brother.
During the stay of the enemy at Bladensburg, I received every
marked attention possible from the officers of the army and navy.

My wound i> deep, but I flatter myself not dangerous ; the ball
i- nut \et extracted. 1 fondly hope a few weeks will restore me
to health, and that an exchange will take place, that I may resume
mv command, or any other that you and the President may think
proper to honour me with.

I have the honour to be, &c.
JOSHUA BARNEY.
Hon, W. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

PROCLAMATION

Of colonel Nichols of the British army, to the southern and west-
ern inhabitants of the United States.

Natives of Louisiana! On you the first call is made, to as-
sist in liberating from a faithless, imbecile government, your pa-
ternal .-.oil ; Spaniards, Frenchmen, Italians and British, whether
settled, or residing for a time in Louisiana, on you, also, I call, to
aid me in this just cause : the American usurpation in this coun-
tiy must be abolished, and the lawful owners of the soil put in
possession. I am at the head of a large body of Indians, well arm-
ed, disciplined, and commanded by British officers — a good train

40^

of artillery, with every requisite, seconded by the powerful aid or
a numerous British and Spanish squadron of ships and vessels of
war. Be not alarmed, inhabitants of the country, at our approach ;
the same good faith and disinterestedness, which has distinguished
the conduct of Britons in Europe, accompanies them here ; you
will have no fear of litigious taxes imposed on you, for the purpose
of carrying on an unnatural and unjust war; your property, your
laws, the peace and tranquillity of your country, will be guaranteed
to you by men, who will suffer no infringement of theirs ; rest
assured, that these brave RED men only burn with an ardent de-
sire of satisfaction, for the wrongs they have suffered from the Amer-
icans : to join you in liberating these southern provinces from their
yoke, and drive them into those limits formerly prescribed by
my sovereign. The Indians have pledged themselves, in the most
solemn manner, not to injure, in the slightest degree, the persons
or properties of any but enemies. A flag over any door, whether
Spanish, French or British, will be a certain protection ; nor dare
any Indian put his foot on the threshhold thereof, under penalty
of death from his own countrymen ; not even an enemy will an
Indian put to death, except resisting in arms: and as for injuring
helpless women and children, the red men, by their good conduct,
and treatment to them, will (if it be possible) make the Americans
blush for their more inhuman conduct, lately on the Escambia, and
within a neutral territory.

Inhabitants of Kentucky, you have too long borne with griev-
ous impositions ; the whole brunt of the war has fallen on your
brave sons : be imposed on no longer, but either range yourselves
under the -hndard of your forefathers, or observe a strict neutra-
lity. If you comply with either of these offers, whatever provisions
you send down will be paid for in dollars, and the safety of the
persons bringing it, as well as the free navigation of the Mississippi,
guaranteed to you.

Men of Kentucky, let me call to your view (and I trust to your
abhorrence) the conduct of those factions, which hurried vou into
this civil, unjust, and unnatural war, at a time when Great Britain
was straining every nerve, in defence of her own, and the libe; lies
of the world ; when the bravest of her sons were fighting and
bleeding in so sacred a cause ; when she was spending millions of
her treasure, in endeavouring to pull down one of the most formi-
dable and dangerous tyrants, that ever disgraced the form of man;
when groaning Europe was almost at her last gasp ; when Britons
alone showed an undaunted front — basely did those assassins en-
deavour to stab her from the rear ; she has turned on them, reno-
vated from the bloody but successful struggle, Europe is happy and
free, and now hastens, justly to avenge the unprovoked insult.
Show them that you are not collectively unjust; leave that con-
temptible few to shift for themselves; let those slaves of the trrant
send an embassy to Elba, and implore his aid ; but let every honest,

409

upright American ipurn them with united contempt. After the
experience «>i twenty-one years, can you longer support those

I r» for liberty, who call it freedom, when themselves are free?
B* no longei I eir dupes ; accept of my offers; every thing 1 have

lised in tin- paper, I guarantee to you, on the sacred honour
tit i Mm i i-.ii on tcER.

G vii under my hand, at my head quarters, Pensacola, this
d..\ ol Vugust, 1814.

EDWARD NICHOLS.

Ill \1> (ji \RTERS, CAMP AT THE WHITE HOUSE, VA.

September 6th, 1814.

MR,

^i ester day morning about 2 o'clock, the enemy's squadron
discontinued the bombardment which had been kept up with little
intermission, for three days, weighed anchor, and stood down the
river, i omtnencing a heavj lire on the battery, and across the neck
ol land through which tin- militia were compelled to march to its
assistance. The title companies under captains Humphries, febbs
and Fields, were immediately ordered down to the battery, which
orders were promptly obeyed. 1 followed with colonel Parker's

iment,and two detachments under colonels Green and Renno,
leaving instructions with general Young to take a position between
n^ and t creek, which made up some distance behind so as to pre-
wiii the enemy falling on our rear, and to co-operate with us, if
necessary, at the battery. When I had proceeded with the advance
to a point within three or four hundred yards of the river, the
troops were halted until I could obtain accurate information of
the precise situation of the enemy; about this time, commodore
Porter, a>« I understood, finding our little battery inefficient to
impede the progress of the vessels, after having long gallantly
defended it, ami considering a longer contention with such a su-
periority of metal a wanton sacrifice of blood, ordered the battery
to be evacuated and his men to retire, which they did. The two
targes! "• the enemy's vessels, then anchored; one just above,
and the other just below the battery, and commenced a most gall-
ing cross tire of round shot, grape, canister, &c. The troops which
had been previously ordered to shelter themselves from the fire of
the enemy, it having become extremely severe, were immediately
formed and marched back to a place of comparative security. We
had scarcely retired, when information was brought that the ene-
tn\ discovered a disposition to land, and aid was necessary to
prevent their spiking our cannon. I again moved down with the
troops under our command, colonel Dangerfield with his regiment
being ien1 on before, and had proceeded to a valley within about
fifty vards of the battery, when general Young and myself, who

e following with the residue of the troops, were met by com-
52

410

modore Porter, within three or four hundred yards of the rivet-.
He thought that it was unnecessary to expose the whole army,
and advised that 200 men, which he thought sufficient for the
purpose, should be sent down to protect the battery. All the
troops were then ordered back, the detail made and sent down
under the command of colonel Green ; major Banks followed with
200 men, to aid, if necessary.

Permit ine to say, that it was impossible for men to have con-
ducted themselves with more intrepidity, than the militia on this
occasion. Notwithstanding the dreadful cross fire of every spe-
cies of missive, by the enemy, to which they were exposed, with-
out a possibility of returning the fire (the most trying of all situa-
tions) not a man under my command offered to move, until orders
to that effect was given ; and then it was done slowly and in order.
I beg leave also, to mention the promptitude and alacrity with
which the second order to march through a tremendous discharge
of large shot and grape, for the distance of about a mile, was im-
mediately obeyed. Captain Humphries, with his rifle company,
was stationed just above the battery, and is entitled to the highest
commendation for the courage and activity with which he fought.
Captain Griffith, of Alexandria, was under the immediate direc-
tion of commodore Porter, who spoke of him in the highest terms
of approbation. Captain Janney, of Essex, was near the battery
at the time of the action, with a fatigue party of fifty or sixty
men, and deserves to be particularly mentioned. Our whole
loss was eleven killed, and seventeen or eighteen wounded

I have the honour to be, &c.
JOHN P. HUNGERFORD,
Brig. Gen. Virginia militia.

Hon. James Monroe.

BATTLE ON LAKE CHAMPLAIN.

U. S. SHIP SARATOGA, OFF PLATTSBURGH,

September 11th, 1814.
SIR,

The Almighty has been pleased to grant us a signal victory
on lake Champlain, in the capture of one frigate, one brig, and
two sloops of war of the enemv.

1 have the honour to be, &c.

T. MACDONOUGH.
Honourable William Jones,

Secretary of the Navy.

THE AVON SUNK BY THE WASP.

UNITED STATE ' SLOOP W*SP, AT SEA,

September 11th, 1814— latitude 40 N. lontritude 16 W.

SIR,

After a protracted and tedious stay at L'Orient, I had at
fast the pleasure of leaving that place "on Saturday the 27th of

411

u\ August. On the 50th, captured the British brig Lettice,
Henrv Cockburn, master; and 31st August, the British brig
Bon Accord, Adam Durno, master. On the morning of the 1st
September, discovered a convoy of ten sail at leeward, in charge
of the Armada 74, and a bomb ship ; stood for them and succeeded
in cutting out the British brig Mary, John D. Allen, master, laden
with brass cannon taken from the Spaniards, iron cannon and
military stores from Gibraltar to England, removed the prisioners
set her on fire and endeavoured to capture another ot the con-
voy, but was chased oft" by the Armada. On the evening of the
same day at £ past 6, while going free, discovered four vessels
nearlv at the same time, two on the starboard, and two on the
larboard bow, being the farthest to windward. At 7 the chase
(a brig) commenced making signals with flags, which could not
be distinguished for want of light, and soon after made various
ones with lantherns, rockets and guns. At 26 minutes after 9,
having the chase under our lee bow, the 12 pound carronade was
directed to be fired into him, which he returned ; ran under his
lee to prevent his escaping, and at 20 minutes after 9 commenced
the action. At 10 o'clock believing the enemy to be silenced,
orders were given to cease firing, when I hailed and asked if he
had surrendered. No answer being given to this, and his fii e having
re-commenced, it was again returned. At 12 minutes after 10,
the enemy having suffered greatly and having made no return to
our two last broadsides, I hailed him the second time to know if
he had surrendered, when he answered in the affirmative. The
guns were then ordered to be secured and the boat lowered to take
possession. In the act of lowering the boat, a second brig was
discovered, a little distance astern and standing for us. Sent the
crew to their quarters, prepared every thing for another action,
and waited his coming up— at 36 minutes after 10, discovered two
more sail astern standing towards us. I now felt myself com-
pelled to forego the satisfaction of destroying the prize. Our
braces having been cut away, we kept oft the wind until others
could be rove, and with the expectation of drawing the second bng
from his companions, but in this last we were disappointed, lhe
second brig continued to approach us until she came close to our
stern, when she hauled by the wind, fired her broadside which cut
our rigging and sails considerably, and shot away a lower main
cross t?ee, and retraced her steps to join her consorts ; when we
were necessitated to abandon the prize, he appeared in every re-
spect a total wreck. He continued for some time firing guns ot
distress until probably delivered by the two last vessels who made
their appearance. The second brig could have engaged us it he
had thought proper, as he neared us fast, but contented himsell
with firing a broadside, and immediately returned to his compa-

nions

It is with real satisfaction I have again the pleasure of bearing
testimony to the merits of lieutenants Reily, Tillingnast, Berry

412

and sailing master Carr ; and to the good conduct of every officer
and man on board the Wasp. Their divisions and departments
were attended and supplied with the utmost regularity and abund-
ance, whi' h, with the good order maintained, together with the vi-
vacity and precision of their fire, reflects on them the greatest cre-
dit. Our loss is two killed, and one slightly wounded with a wad.
The hull received tour round shot, and the fore-mast many grape
shot. Our rigging and sails suffered a great deal. Every damage
has been repaired the day after, with the exception of our sails.

Of the vessel with whom we were engaged, nothing positive can
be said with regard to her name or force. While hailing him,
previous to his being fired into, it was blowing fresh (then going
ten knots) and the name was not distinctly understood. Of her
force, the four shot which struck us, are all thirty-two pounds in
weight, being a pound and three quarters heavier than any belong-
ing to this vessel. From this circumstance, the number of men
in her tops, her general appearance and great length, she is believ-
ed to be one of the largest brigs in the British navy.

I have the honour to be, &c.

J. BLAKELY.
Hon. "YVm. Jones, Secretary of the Navy.

P. S. I am told the enemy, after his surrender, asked for assist-
ance, and said he was sinking. The probability of this is confirm-
ed by Iris firing single guns for some time after his capture.

The action took place in latitude 47 30 north, longitude 11

west.

List of killed and wounded on board the United States' sloop of
war, Wasp, Johnston Blakely, esquire, commander, in the action

with his Britannic majesty's sloop of war — , on the 1st

September, 1814.

Killed— Joseph Martin, boatswain ; Henry Staples, quarter
gunner. Wounded — James Spellings, seaman, collar bone frac-
tured by a wad.

Recapitulation — Killed, 2; wounded, 1. Total, 3.

WM. M. CLARKE, Surgeon.

It was afterwards ascertained that the prize, the name and force
of which, captain Blakely could not obtain, was the British brig
ot war Avon, captain Arbuthnot, of the same number of guns as
the Reindeer, She sunk immediately after the Castilion which
chased the Wasp, had taken out her last man.

From the enemy's account it appeared that her captain was
wounded in both legs, her first lieutenant and eight men killed,
and the second lieutenant, one midshipman, and 31 men wounded.

After repairing damages, the Wasp continued her cruize, and
on the 21st of September, she captured, off the Madeiras, her
thirteenth prize, the British brig Atalanta, of eight guns. This

411?

vrssel arrived at Havannah in the beginning of November follow-
ing, with despatches from captain Rlakely, and under the com-
mand of Mr. Geisinger of the Wasp.

U. S. SHIP SARATOGA, PLATTSBURGH BAY,

September 13th, 1814.

SIR,

I have the honour to give you the particulars of the action
which took place on the 11th instant, on this lake.

For several days, the enemy were on their way to Plattsbiirgh by
land and water, and it being well understood that an attack would
be made at the same time, by their land and naval forces, I de-
termined to await, at anchor, the approach of the latter.

At eight A. M. the look-out boat announced the approach of
the enemy. At nine, he anchored in a line ahead, at about 300
yards distance from my line; his ship opposed the Saratoga, hb
brig to the Eagle, captain Robert Henley ; his gallies, thirteen
in number, to the schooner, sloop, and a division of our gallies ;
out" of his sloops assisting their ship and brig, the other assisting
their gallies. Our remaining gallies with the Saratoga and Eagle.

In tins situation, the whole force on both sides, became engaged,
the Saratoga suffering much, from the heavy fire of the Confi-
ance. I could perceive at the same time, however, that our fire
was verj destructive to her. The Ticonderoga, lieutenant com^
mandant Cassin, gallantly sustained her full share of the action.
At half past 10 o'clock, the Eagle not being able to bring her guns
to bear, cut her cable, and anchored in a more eligible position, be-
t\\ een my ship and the Ticonderoga, where she very much annoyed
the enemy, but unfortunately, leaving me exposed to a galling fire
from the enemy's brig. Our guns on the starboard side being
nearly all dismounted, or not manageable, a stern anchor was let
go, the bower cut, and the ship winded with a fresh broadside on
the enemy's ship, which soon after surrendered. Our broadside
was then sprung to bear on the brig, which surrendered in about
15 minutes after.

The sloop that was opposed to the Eagle, had struck some time
before, and drifted down the line ; the sloop which was with their
gallies having struck also. Three of their gallies are said to be
sunk, the others pulled off. Our gallies were about obeying with
alacrity, the signal to follow them, when all the vessels were re-
ported to me to be in a sinking state ; it then became necessary
to annul the signal to the gallies, and order their men to the
pumps. I could only look at the enemy's gallies going oft in a
shattered condition, for there was not a mast in either squadron
that could stand to make sail on ; the lower rigging being nearly
shot away, hung down as though it had been just placed over mast
Vends.

414

The Saratoga had 55 round shot in her hull, the Confiance 105.
The enemy's shot passed principally just over our heads, as there
were not 20 whole hammocks in the nettings at the close of the
action, which lasted, without intermission, two hours and twenty
minutes.

The absence and sickness of lieutenant Raymond Perry, left
me without the services of that excellent officer ; much ought
fairly to be attributed to him for his great care and attention in
disciplining the ship's crew, as her first lieutenant. His place was
filled by a gallant young officer, lieutenent Peter Gamble, who I
regret to inform, you, was killed early in the action. Acting-
lieutenant Vallette worked the 1st and 2d division of guns with
able effect. Sailing master Brum's attention to the springs, and in
the execution of the order to wind the ship, and occasionally at the
guns, met my entire approbation : also captain Youngs, comman-
ding the acting marines, who took his men to the guns. Mr Beale,
purser, was of great service at the suns, and in carrying my or-
ders throughout the ship, with midshipmen Montgomery. Mas-
ter's mate, Joshua Justin, had command of the 3d division ; his
conduct during the action, was that of a brave officer. Midship-
men Monteath, Graham, Williamson, Piatt, Thwing, and act-
ing midshipman Baldwin, all behaved well, and gave evidence of
their making valuable officers. The Saratoga was twice set on
fire, by hot shot from the enemy's ship.

I close, sir, this communication, with feeling9 of gratitude, for
the able support I received from every officer and man attached
to the squadron which I have the honour to command.

I have the honour to be, &c.

T. MACDONOUGH.

Honourable William Jones,

Secretary of the Navy.

UNITED STATES' SHIP SARATOGA,

September 13th, 1814.

SIR,

I have the honour to inclose to you a list of the killed and
wounded on board the different vessels of the squadron under
your command in the action of the 11th instant. It is impossible
to ascertain correctly that of the enemy. From the best infor-
mation received from the British officers, from my own observa-
tions and from various lists found on board the Confiance, I calcu-
late the number of men on board that ship, at the commencement
of the action, at 270, of whom at least 180 were killed and woun-
ded, and on board the other captured vessels, at leat 80 more,
making in the whole, killed and wounded 260. This is, doubtless,
short of the real number, as many were thrown overboard from
the Confiance, during the engagement. The muster books must

415

have been thrown overboard, or otherwise disposed of, a9 the j are
not to be found.

I have the honour to be, &c.

GEORGE BEALE, Jr. Purser.
Thomas Macdonough, Esqr.

Ji comparative view of the forces and loss,

British— No. of guns 95 ; men 1050 — killed 84; wounded 110,
Ahkiutak — No. of guns 86; men 820 — killed 52 ;"Vounded 58.

U. S. SHIP SARATOGA, OFF PL 4TTSBURGH,

September 13th, 1814.

DEAR SIR,

Unclosed is a copy of a letter from captain White Youngs,
and a list of killed aufl wounded attached to his command. I
beg leave to recommend captain Youngs to your particular no-,
tice ; during the action, his conduct was such as to meet with my
warmest approbation. I feel much indebted to him for his personal
valor and example of coolness and intrepidity to his own men, as
well as to the sailors. He volunteered in a sinking boat, to carry
my order to the gallies for close action, in the hottest part of it ;
and supplied the guns with his men as fast as the sailors were
disabled.

I am, with much respect, &c.

T. MACDONOUGH.
Brigadier general Macomb.

HEAD QUARTERS, PLATTSBURGH, September 15th, 1814.

SIR,

I have the honour to communicate for the information of the
war department, the particulars of the advance of the enemy into
the territory ofjthe United States, the circumstances attending the
siege of Plattsburgh, and the defence of the posts entrusted to
my charge.

The governor general of the Canadas, sir George Prevost,
having collected all the disposable force of Lower Canada, with
a view of conquering the country as far as Crown Point and Ti-
oonderoga, entered the territories of the United States on the
first of the month, and occupied the village of Champlain, there
avowefl his intentions, and issued orders and proclamations tend-
ing to dissuade the people from their allegiance, and inviting
them to furnish his army with provisions. He immediately began
to press the wagons and teams in the vicinity, and loaded them
with his heavy baggage and stores. From this I was persuaded
he intended to attack this place. I had but just returned from
the lines, where I had commanded a fine brigade, which was |gr,
broken to form the division under major general Izard, ordered

416

to the westward. Being senior officer he left me in command,
and except the four companies of the sixth regiment, 1 had not,
an organized battalion among those remaining. The garrison
Avas composed of convalescents and recruits of the new regi-
ments,— all in the greatest confusion, as well as the ordnance and
stores, and the works in no state of defence.

To create an emulation and zeal among the officers and men in
completing the works, I divided them into detachments, and
placed them near the several forts: declaring in orders, that each
detachment was the garrison of its own work, and bound to de-
fend it to the last extremity. The enemy advanced cautiously and
by short marches, and our soldiers worked day and night ; so
that by the time he made his appearance before this place we were
prepared to receive him.

General Izard named the principal work Fort Morean, and to
remind the troops of the actions of their brave countrymen, I
called the redoubt on the right Fort Brown, and that on the left
Fort Scott'. Besides these three works, we have two block-
houses strongly fortified.

Finding on examining the returns of the garrison, that our force
did not exceed fifteen hundred effective men for duty, and well in-
formed that the enemy had as many thousands, I called on gene-
ral Mooers, of the New York militia, and arranged with him plans
for bringing forth the militia en masse. The inhabitants of the
village fled with their families and effects, except a few worthy
citizens and some boys, who formed themselves into a party, re-
ceived rifles, and were exceedingly useful. By the 4th of the
month, general Mooers collected about 700 militia, and advanced
seven miles on the Beekman town road, to watch the motions of
the enemy, and to skirmish with him as he advanced ; also to ob-
struct the roads with fallen trees, and to break up the bridges.

On the Lake road, at Deer Creek bridge, I posted 200 men
under captain Sproul, of the 13th regiment, with orders to abattis
the woods, to place obstructions in the road, and to fortify himself;
to this party, I added two field pieces. In advance of that posi-
tion, was lieutenant colonel Appling, with 110 riflemen, watching
the movements of the enemy, and procuring intelligence. It was
ascertained, that before day-light on the 6th, the enemy would
advance in two columns, on the two roads before mentioned, di-
viding at Sampson's, a little below Chazy village. The column
on the Beekman town road, proceeded most rapidly; the militia
skirmished with his advanced parties, and, except a few brave
men, fell back most precipitately in the greatest disorder, not-
withstanding the British troops did not deign to fire on them, ex-
cept by their flankers and advanced patroles. The night previous,
I ordered major Wool to advance with a detachment of 250 men,
to support the militia, and set them an example of firmness. Also
captain Leonard, of the light artillery, was directed to proceed
wit!) two pieces, to be on the ground before day; yet he did

417

not make his appearance before 8 o'clock, when the enemy had
approached within two miles of the village. With his conduct,
therefore, I am not well pleased. Major Wool, with his party,
disputed the road with great obstinacy, but the militia could not
be prevailed on to stand, notwithstanding the exertions of their
general and staff officers ; although the fields were divided by
strong stone walls, and they were told that the enemy could not
possibly cut them oft*. The state dragoons of New York wear
red coats, and they being on the heights to watch the enemy, gave
constant alarm to the militia, who mistook them for the enemy,
and feared his getting in their rear. Finding the enemy's columns
had penetrated within a mile of Plattsburgh, I despatched my
aid-de-camp, lieutenant Root, to bring off the detachment at Dead
Creek, and to inform lieutenant colonel Appling that I wished
him to fall on the enemy's right flank The colonel fortunately
arrived just in time to save his retreat, and to fall in with the
head of a column debouching from the woods. Here he poured in
a destructive fire from his riflemen at rest, and continued to annoy
the column until he formed a junction with major Wool. The
field pieces did considerable execution among the enemy's co-
lumn-. So undaunted, however, was the enemy, that he never
deployed in his whole march, always pressing on in column. Find-
ing that every road was full of troops crowding on us on all sides,
I ordered the field pieces to retire across the bridge and form a
battery for its protection, and to cover the retreat of the infantry,
which wai accordingly done, and the parties of Jipplin^ nm\ Wool,
as well as that of Sprout, retired alternately, keeping up a brisk
fire until they got under cover of the works". The enemy's light
troops occupied the houses near the bridge, and kept up a constant
firino- from the windows and balconies, and uincyed us much. I
ordered them to be driven out with hot shot, which soon put the
houses in flames, and obliged these sharp shooters to reti-e. The
whole day, until it was too late to see, the enemy's light troops
endeavoured to drive our guards from the bridge, but they suffered
dearly for their perseverance. An attempt '..as ako made to cross
the upper bridge, where the militia 1 andsoWly drove th n back.
The column which marched by the Lake road, was much impeded
by the obstructions and the removal of the bridge at Bead creek,
and, as it passed the creek and beach, the gallies kept up a lively
and -ailing fire. Our troops being now all on the south side ot
the Saranac, I directed the planks to be taken off the bridges and
piled up in the form of breastworks to cover our parties intended
for disputing the passage, which afterwards enabled us to hold the
bridges against very superior numbers.

From the 7th to the 1 1th, the enemy was employed in getting
on his battering train, and erecting his battel ries and i approa c hes,
and constantly skirmishing at the bridges and fords. By this time
the militia of New York, and the volunteers of ^rmont wee
roaring in from all quarters. I advised general Moocrs to keep

418

his force along the Saranac, to prevent the enemy's crossing the
river, and to send a strong body in his rear to harass him day and
night, and keep him in continual alarm. The militia behaved
with great spirit after the first day, and the volunteers of Vermont
were exceedingly serviceable. Our regular troops, notwith stand-'
ing the constant skirmishing and repeated endeavours of the ene-
my to cross the river, kept at their work day and night strength-
ening the defences, and evinced a determination to hold out to the
last extremity.

It was reported that the enemy had only waited the arrival of
his flotilla, to make a general attack. About eight in the morning
of the 11th, as was expected, the flotilla appeared in sight round
Cumberland Head, and at nine, bore down and engaged our flo-
tilla at anchor in the bay off the town. At the same instant, the
batteries were opened on us, and continued throwing bomb shells,
shrapnels, balls, and congreve rockets until sun-set, when the
bombardment ceased, every battery of the enemy being silenced
by the superiority of our fire. The naval engagement lasted but
two hours, in full view of both armies. Three efforts were made
by the enemy to pass the river at the commencement of the
cannonade and bombardment, with a view of assaulting the works,
and had prepared for that purpose an immense number of scaling
ladders. One attempt to cross was made at the village bridge,
another at the upper bridge, and a tliird at a ford about three
miles from the works. At the two first, he was repulsed by the
regulars; at the ford, by the brave volunteers and militia, where
he suffered severely in killed, wounded and prisoners ; a consi-
derable body having crossed the stream, but were either killed,
taken, or driven back. The woods at this place were very favour-
able to the operations of the militia. A whole company of the
76th regiment was here destroyed, the three lieutenants and 27
men prisoners, the captain and the rest killed.

I cannot forego she pleasure of here stating the gallant
conduct of captain M'Glassin of the 15th regiment, who was
ordered to ford the river, and attack a party constructing a battery
on the right of the enemy's line, within five hundred yards of fort
Brown, which he handsomely executed at midnight with fifty
men; drove off the working party consisting of one hundred and
fifty,, and defeated a covering party of the same number, killing
one officer and six men in the charge and wounding many. At
dusk the enemy withdrew his artillery from the batteries, and
raised the siege ; at nine, under cover of the night, sent off in a
great hurry all the baggage he could find transport for, and also
his artillery. At two next morning the whole army precipi-
tately retreated, leaving the sick and wounded to our generosity,
and the governor left a note with a surgeon requesting the humane
attention of the commanding general. -^

Vast quantities of provisions were left behind and destroyed,
also an immense quantity of bombshells, cannon balls, grape shot,

419

ammunition, flints, &e.&c. intrenching tools of all sorts, also tents
and marquees. A great deal has been found concealed in the
ponds and creeks, and buried in the ground, and a vast quantity
carried oft" by the inhabitants. Such was the precipitancy of his
retreat, that he arrived at Chazy, a distance of eight miles, before
*e discovered he had gone. *The light troops, volunteers and
militia pursued immediately on learning of his flight; and some
of the mounted men made prisoners five dragoons of the 19th
regiment, and several others of the rear guard. A continual fall
ofrain and a violent storm prevented further pursuit. Upwards
of 300 deserters have come in, and many are hourly arriving. We
have buried the British officers of the army and navy with the
honours of war, and shown every attention and kindness to those
who have fallen into our hands.

The conduct of the officers, non-commissioned officers, and
soldiers of my command, during this trying occasion, cannot be
represented in too high terms, and I feel it my duty to recommend
to the particular notice of government, lieutenant colonel Appling
of the 1st rifle corps, major Wool of the 29th, major Totten of
the corps of engineers, captain Brooks of the artillery, captain
M'Glassin of the 15th, lieutenants De Russy and Trescott of the
corps of engineers, lieutenants Smyth, Mountford, and Cromwell
of the artillery, also my aid-de-camp lieutenant Root, who have
all distinguished themselves by their uncommon zeal and activity,
and have been greatly instrumental in producing the happy and
glorious result of the siege.

I have the honour to be, &c.

ALEXANDER MACOMB.
The Secretary of War.

The loss of the enemy in killed, wounded, prisoners and'desert-
ers, since his first appearance, cannot fall short of 2500, in elud-
ing many officers, among whom, is colonel Wellington of the
buffs.

Report of the killed, wounded and missing at Pittsburgh, from
the 6th to the Uth of September, 1814.

Non-commissioned officers and privates, killed— 37

wounded — o2

missing — 20

-119

Commissioned Officers.

1st lieutenant George W. Rank, wounded on the 7th, and died on

the 8th of September.
3d lieutenant R. M. Harrison, wounde*.
do. Henry Taylor, 4ov

420

'List of the principal British officers, and an exhibit of the several
corps under the command of lieutenant general Sir George
Prevost, at the siege of Plattsburgh.

Lieutenant general Sir George Prevost, commander in chief,
major general De Rottenburg, major general Robertson, major
general Powers, major general Brisbane, major general Banes, sir
Sidney Beckwith, colonel Hughes, major Sinclair, lieutenant co-
lonel 'Try all, captain Murray, colonel Burke, major Montgomery,
captain Davis, &x.

Regiments and corps of the British army.

1st Brigade, 3700

2d do. ... 3600

3d do. - - 3100

Light do. 2800

do. Dragoons, .......... 300

Royal Artillery, 400

Rocketeers, Sappers and Miners, - 100

14,000

HEAD QUARTERS 3d BRIGADE, BALTIMORE,

September 15th, 1814.

I have the honour to report to you, that, in obedience to your
orders, I marched from Baltimore, on Sunday the 11th instant.,
with part of my brigade, as the advance corps of the army under
your command. My force consisted of 550 of the 5th regiment,
under lieutenant colonel Sterret ; 620 of the 6th, under lieuten-
ant colonel M'Donald ; 500 of the 27th, under lieutenant colonel
Long ; 450 of the 39th, under lieutenant colonel Fowler : 700 of
the 51st, under lieutenant colonel Amey ; 150 riflemen, under cap-
tain Dyer ; 140 cavalry, under lieutenant colonel Blays, and the
Union artillery of 75 men, with six four pounders, under captain
Montgomery, making an aggregate of 3,185 effective men. I
moved towards North Point, by the main road, and at 8 o'clock
P. M. reached the meeting-house, near the head of Bear creek,
seven miles from this city. Here the brigade halted, with the
exception of the cavalry, who were pushed forward to Gorsuch's
farm three miles in advance, and the riflemen, who took post near
the blacksmith's shop, two miles in advance of our encampment.
At 7 o'clock in the morning of the 12th, I received information
from the advanced videttes, that the enemy were debarking troops
from and under cover of their gun vessels which lay off the bluff"
of North Point, within the mouth of Patapsco river. I immediate-
ly ordered back my baggage under a strong guard, moved for-
ward the 5th and 27th regiments and my artillery to the head of
Long-log-lane (so called) resting the 5th with its right on the

421

htadof a branch of Bear creek, and its left on the main North
Point road, while the 27th was posted on the opposite side of the
road in line with the 5th, its left extending towards a branch of
Back river. The artillery I posted directly at the head of the
lane in the interval between the 5th and 27th." The 39th occupied
aground 300 yards in the rear of the 27th, and the 51st the same
distance in rear of the 5th, extending each parallel to the front
line. The 6th regiment was thrown back to a position a short
distance this side of Cook's tavern, and half a mile in the rear of
the second line. My orders were, that the 5th and 27th should
receive the enemy, and if necessary, fall back through the 51st
and 39th, and form on the right of the 6th or reserve regiments.
The riflemen were ordered to the skirts of a thick low pine wood,
beyond the blacksmith's shop, with a large sedge-field in front, that
as the cavalry were still in advance, who would inform him of the
enemy's approach, they might take advantage of the covering of
the wood, and annoy his advance. I soon learned that the ene-
my's advance party was moving rapidly up the main road, and as
the cavalry continually announced their progress, 1 flattered my-
self with the hope that the riflemen would soon proclaim, by a
galling fire, their still nearer approach. Imagine my chagrin when
I perceived the whole rifle corps falling back upon my main posi-
tion, having too credulously listened to groundless information,
that the enemy were landing on Back river to cut them oft". My
hopes of early annoyance to the enemy, being thus frustrated, I
threw the riflemen on the right flank of my front line, thereby,
with the addition of a few cavalry, very well securing that flank.
My videttes soon brought information, that the enemy in small
force, was enjoying himself at Gorsuch s farm. Insulted at the
idea of a small marauding party thus daringly provoking chas-
tisement, several of my officers volunteered their corps to dislodge
it. Captains Levering's and Howard's companies, from the 5th,
about 150 in number, under major Heath, of that regiment; cap-
tain Aisquith's, and a few other riflemen, in all about 70; one
four pounder, with 10 men, under lieutenant Stiles, and the ca-
valry, were immediately pushed forward to punish the insolence
of the enemy's advance, or, if his main body appeared, to give
evidence of my wish for a general engagement. The latter pur-
pose was soon answered : this small volunteer corps had proceeded
scarcely half a mile before the main body of the enemy showed
itself, which was immediately attacked. The infantry and rifle-
men maintained a fire of some loss in killed and wounded ; the
cavalry and artillery, owing to the disadvantageous ground, not
being able to support them. In this skirmish, major Heath's horse
was killed under him. At half past 2 o'clock, the enemy com-
menced throwing rockets across my left flank, which seemed
harmless, and had no other effect than to prepare my line for the
sound of the artillery, which soon commenced by us on the ene-
my's right column, then pushing across towards my loft, and r.e?

422

turned by their six pounders and a howitzer upon my left and
centre. The cannonading was brisk for some minutes, when I
ordered my fire to cease, until the .enemy should get within close
range of cannister. Seeing that my left Hank was the object of the
enemy, I brought up the 39th into line, on the left of the 27th,
and detached two pieces of artillery to the left of the 39th. Still
more securely to protect my left flank, colonel Amey of the 51st
was ordered to form his regiment at right angles with my line,
resting his right near the left of the 39th. This order being badly
executed, created for a moment some confusion in that quarter,
but was soon rectified by the efforts of my aid-de-camp and brigade
majors ; who corrected the error of colonel Amey, and posted the
51st in its ordered position. The enemy's right column displayed
and advanced upon the 39th and 27th." The 51st, unmindful of
my object to use its fire in protection of my left flank, in case an
attempt should be made to turn it, totally forgetful of the honour
of the brigade, and regardless of its own reputation, delivered
one random fire, and retreated precipitately, and in such confu-
sion, as to render every effort of mine to rally them, ineffective.
Some disorder was occasioned in the second battalion of the 39th,
by the flight of the 51st, and a few gave way. The fire now be-
came general from left to right ; my artillery in the centre, poured
forth an incessant volley of cannisteV upon the enemy's left column,
who were endeavouring to gain the cover of a small log-house,
about fifty yards in front of the 5th ; which, however, caution had
been taken to fire, so soon as captain Saddler's Yagers, of the 5th,
(who were originally posted therein) should be compelled to leave
it. The enemy's line advanced about 10 minutes before 3 o'clock,
with a severe 'fire, which was well returned by the artillery, the
whole 27th, the 5th, except the three companies of captains Le-
vering, Howard and Saddler, which were too much exhausted by
the advanced skirmish of the two former, and the ordered retreat
of the latter to resume their positions in line; and from the first
battalion of the 39th, who maintained its ground in despite of the
disgraceful example set by the intended support on the left. The
fire was incessant till about 15 minutes before 4 o'clock, when
finding that my line, now 1400 strong, was insufficient to with-
stand the superior numbers of the enemy, and my left flank being
exposed by the desertion of the 51st, I was constrained to order
a movement back to the reserve regiment, under colonel M'Don-
ald, which was well posted to receive the retired line which most-
ly rallied well. On forming with the 6th, the fatigued state of
the regiments and corps which had retired, and the probability
that my right flank might be turned by a quick movement of the
enemym that direction, induced me, after proper deliberation, to
fall back to Worthington's mill ; which I was the more persuaded
to, by my desire to have the 6th regiment (whose officers and men
were eager to share the dangers of their brother soldiers) perfect
and in good order to receive the enemy on his nearer approach to

423

the city. All retired as I could wish, and were ready to act as
pircumstances might require. In this situation you found the bri-
gade on the morning of the 13th, somewhat fatigued, but with in-
i-ed confidence in ourselves, and renewing our preparation for
the annoyance of the enemy alone if deemed proper, or in con-
junction with any other force.

I have thought it due to the merits of my brigade, to detail thus
fully their whole movement, and I feel a pride in the belief that
jth< itand made on Monday in no small degree tended to check
tl temerity of a foe, daring to invade a country like ours, and
designing the destruction of our city, in whose defence some
of the best blood in the country has already been spilt, and for
whose safety and protection the citizen soldiers of the 3d brigade
are ready to suffer every privation, and meet every danger.
Should report be true, (and I doubt not the fact) that the enemy's
commanding officer, major general Ross, was killed in this action,
and that the enemy suffered in proportion to his superior numbers,
I thai] feel still more the valuable consequences of our fight.

The conduct of many of my company, officers and privates, was
such as I calculated on ; that of most of my field officers also me-
rits my particular notice. Major Richard K. Heath of the 5th, who
led on the advam - party to bring on the action, behaved as be-
came an officer ; the facts of his horse being killed under him in the
first skirmish, his second being badly wounded, and himself receiv-
ing a contusion on the head by a musket ball, in the general action,
are ample piooJJs of Ids bravery and exposure in discharge of his
duty. Lieutenant colonel Sterret, and major Barry of the 5th,
gained my highest approbation, and they unite with all in praise
of captain Spangler and his company of volunteers from Penn-
sylvania, then attached to their command ; also of adjutant
Cheston, who is slightly wounded. Lieutenant colonel Long
of the 27th, and his field and company officers, did well ; this whole
regiment were unsurpassed in bravery, resolution and enthusiasm.
My brigade has to bewail the loss of adjutant James L. Donald-
son, who fell in the hottest of the fight, bravely discharging the
duties of his commission. Lieutenant colonel Fowler, and ma-
jor Steiger, of the 39th, did their duty in every respect ; they
speak highly of the volunteer companies of captain Quantril
from Hagerstown, and captain Metzgar from Hanover, Pa. Cap-
tain Quantril is wounded. Captain John Montgomery, command-
ing my artillery, gained for himself and his company lasting
honour. Captain Aisquith and his company of riflemen, merit
my thanks. Ensign Wilmot, commanding the company of Uni-
ted Volunteers of the 5th, and many of his men, distinguished
themselves.

To brigade majors Calhoun and Frail ey, Lam under great obli-
gations for the prompt nd zealous performance of their duty.
To my aid-de-camp, major George P. Stevenson, too much praise
cannot be given : his industry in every arrangement before the

424

f>ght, and in animating the whole line, was conspicuous ; the
sprightliness of his manners in the most trying scenes had the
happiest effect upon all to whom he had to communicate my or-
ders ; and the precision with which he delivered my commands,
could be exceeded only by the coolness with which he always saw
them executed. He was animated, brave, and useful. Major
W. Barney, and adjutant L. Taylor, of the cavalry, who, having
no opportunity of distinction in regiment owing to the grounds,
did me great service, the former in aiding captain Montgomery,
the latter in conveying my orders through the whole. Mr. Robert
Goodloe Harper deserves my thanks. He visited me just before
the action ; accompanied the advanced party, and aided me much
throughout. The brave soldiers under my command have suffered
many privations, and I recognize among our killed and wounded
many valuable men ; of which I will make a report in a few
days.

I have the honour to be, &c.
JOHN STRICKER,
Brig. Gen. Commanding 3d Brigade M. M.
Major General Smith.

FORT BOWYER, September 15th, 1814, 12 o'clock at night.
SIR,

After writing the enclosed, I was prevented by the approach
of the enemy from sending it by express. At meridian they
were under full sail, with an easy aud favourable breeze, standing
directly for the fort, and at 4 P. M. we opened our battery, which
was returned from two ships and two brigs, as they approached.
The action became general at about 20 minutes past 4, and was
continued, without intermission on either side, until 7, when one
ship and two brigs were compelled to retire. The leading ship,
supposed to be the commodore, mounting twenty-two 32 pound
carronades, having anchored nearest our battery, was so much
disabled, her cable being cut by our shot, that she drifted on shore,
within GOO yards of the battery, and the other vessels having got
out of our reach, we kept such a tremendous fire upon her that
she was set on fire and abandoned by the few of the crew who
survived. At 10 P. M. we had the pleasure of witnessing the
explosion of her magazine. The loss of lives on board must
have been immense, as we are certain no boats left her except
three, which had previously gone to her assistance, and one of
these I believe was sunk ; in fact one of her boats was burned
alongside of her.

The brig that followed her, I am certain, was much damaged
both in hull and rigging. The other two did not approach near
enough to be so much injured, but I am confident they did not
escape, as a well directed fire was kept on them during the
whole time.

425

boring the action a battery of a 12 pounder and a howitzer was
opened on our rear, but without doing any execution, and was
silenced by a few shot. Our loss is four privates killed and fiv£
privates wounded.

Towards the close of the action the flag-staff was shot away;
but the flag was immediately hoisted on a sponge staff over the
parapet. While the flag was down the enemy kept up their most
incessant and tremendous fire ; the men were withdrawn from the
curtins and north-east bastion, as the enemy's own shot complete-
ly protected our rear, except the position they had chosen for
their batterv. Where all behaved well it is unnecessary to discrim-
inate. Suffice it to say, every officer and man did his duty ; the
whole behaved with that coolness and intrepidity which is char-
acteristic of the true American, and which could scarcely have
been expected from men most of whom had never seen an ene-
my, and were now for the first time exposed for nearly three
hours to a force of nearly or quite four guns to one.

We fired during the action between 4 and 500 guns, most of
them double shotted, and after the first half hour but few missed
an effect.

September 16th, 11 o'clock, A. M„

Upon an examination of our battery this morning, we find up^
wards of 300 shot holes in the inside of the north and east cur-
tins, and north-east bastion, of all calibres, from musket ball to 32
pound shot. In the north-east bastion, there were three guns dis-
mounted ; one of which, a four pounder, was broken off near the
trunnions by a 32 pound shot, and another much battered. I regret
to say that both the 24 pounders are cracked in such a manner
as to render them unfit for service.

I am informed by two deserters from the land force, who have
just arrived here, and whom I send for your disposal, that a rein-
forcement is expected, when they will doubtless endeavour to
wipe of the stain of yesterday.

If you will send the Amelia down, we may probably save most
or all" of the ship's guns, as her wreck is lying in six or seven
feet water, and some of them are just covered. They will not,
however, answer for the fort, as they are two short.

By the deserters, we learn that the ship we have destroyed
was the Hermes, but her commander's name they did not recol-
lect. It was the commodore, and he doubtless fell on his quarter
deck, as we had a raking fire upon it at about two hundred yards
distance for some time.

To captain Sands, who will have the honour of handing you
this despatch, I refer you for a more particular account of the
movements of the enemy than may be contained in my letters i
his services, both before and during the action, were of great p
portance, and I consider fully justify me in having detained him-
< 'aptain Walsh and several men were inocb. htfrned by me. a<^.<
94

426

dental explosion of two or three cartridges. They arc not in-
cluded in the list of wounded heretofore given.

The enemy's fleet, this morning at day break, were at anchor ia
the channel, about four miles from the fort ; shortly after it got
under way and stood to sea; after passing the bar they hove to,
and boats have been constantly passing between the disabled brig
and the others. I presume the former is so much injured as to
render it necessary to lighten her.

Fifteen Minutes after 1 P. M.

The whole fleet have this moment made sail and are standing
to sea.

I have the honour to be. &c.

WILLIAM LAWRENCE.

Major general Andrew Jackson, &c.

HEAD QUARTERS, 7th MILITARY DISTRICT,

Mobile, September 17th, 1814.

SIR,

With lively emotions of satisfaction, I communicate that
success has crowned the gallant efforts of our brave soldiers, in
resisting and repulsing a combined British naval and land force,
which, on the 15th instant, attacked fort Bowyer, on the point of
Mobile.

I enclose a copy of the official report of major William Law-
rence, of the Sd infantry, who commanded. In addition to the
particulars communicated in his letter, I have learnt that the ship
which was destroyed, was the Hermes, of from 24 to 28 guns,
captain the honourable William H. Percy, senior officer in the
gulf of Mexico ; and the brig so considerably damaged, is the
Sophia, 18 guns, captain William Lockyer. The other ship was
the Carron, of from 24 to 28 guns, captain Spencer, son of Earl
Spencer ; the other brig's name unknown. On board of the
Carron, 85 men were killed and wounded; among whom, was
colonel Nicoll, of the royal marines, who lost an eye by a splinter.
T! e land force consisted of 110 marines and 200 Creek Indians,
under the command of captain Woodbine, of marines, and about
20 artillerists, with one four and an hulf inch howitzer, from
which they discharged shells and nine pound shot. They re-em-
barked the piece, and retreated by land towards Pensacola,
whence they came.

By the morning report of the 16th, there were present in the
fort, fit for duty, officers and men, 158.

The result of this engagement has stamped a character on the
war in this quarter, highly favourable to the American arms; it is
an event from which may be drawn the most, favourable augury.

An achievement so glorious in itself, and important in its con-
sequences, should be appreciated by the government ; and those

4S7

concerned are entitled to, and will doubtless receive, the raos.t
gratifying evidence of the approbation of their countrymen.

In the words of major Lawrence, " where all behaved well it
is unnecessary to discriminate." But all being meritorious, I
be<i leave to annex the names of the officers who were engaged
ami present, and hope they will, individually, be deemed worthy of
distinction.

Major William Lawrence, 2d infantry, commanding; captain
Walsh, of the artillery, captains Chamberlain, Brownlow and
Bradley of the 2d infantry, captain Sands, deputy-comn issary
of ordnance, lieutenants Villard, Sturges, Conway, H. Sanders,
T. R. Sanders, Brooks, Davis, and C. Sanders, all of the 2d
infantry.

I am confident that your own feelings will lead you to partici-
pate in my wishes on this subject. Permit me to suggest the
propriety and justice of allowing to this gallant band the value of
Ifee vessel destroyed bv them.

I remain, &c.
ANDREW JACKSON, Brig. Gen. Com-
The Hon. Secretary of War.

ATTACK ON BALTIMORE.

On the approach of the fleet destined against Baltimore to the
mouth of the Patapsco, consisting of nearly forty sail, and among
them several ships ot the line, the alarm spread quie.kly through
the adjacent country. The largest vessels anchored across the
channel; the troops intended tor the land attack were debarked
upon North Point, fourteen miles distant from the city, by land,
and twelve by water, and on the morning of September 12th,
between 7 and 8000 soldiers, sailors, and marines, had effected a
landing, while 16 bomb-vessels and frigates proceeded up the
river, and anchored within two miles and an half of Fort M'Henry.
The further result of the enterprize will be found in the letter
following, from major general Smith, to the Secretary of War.

HEAD QUARTERS, BALTIMORE, September 19th, 1814,.

SIR,

In compliance with the promise contained m my letter of the
1 5th instant, I have now the honour of stating, that the enemy landed
between 7 and 8000 men, on Monday the 12th instant, at North
Point, fourteen miles distant from this town. Anticipating thie
debarkation, general Strieker had been detached on Sunday even-
ing with a portion of his brigade on the North Point road. Ma-
jor Randal, of the Baltimore county militia, having under his
command a light corps of riflemen and musketry, taken from ge-
neral Stansbury's brigade and the Pennsylvania volunteers, was
detached to the mouth of Bear creek, with orders to co-operate

428

with general Strieker, and to check any landing which the enemy
might attempt to make in that quarter. On Monday, brigadier
general Strieker took a good position at the two roads leading
from this place to North Point, having his right flanked by Bear
creek, and his left by a marsh. He here awaited the approach of
the enemy, having sent an advanced corps under the command of
major Heath, of the 5th regiment. This advance was met by that
of the enemy, and after some skirmishing it returned to the line,
the main body of the enemy being at a short distance in the rear
of their advance. Between two and three o'clock the enemy's
whole force came up and commenced the battle by some, dis-
chares of rockets, which were succeeded by the cannon from both
sides, and soon after the action became general along the line,
General Strieker gallantly maintained his ground against a great
superiority of numbers during the space of an hour and twenty
minutes, when the regiment on his left (the 51st) giving way, he
was under the necessity of retiring to the ground in his rear,
where he had stationed one regiment as a reserve. He here formed
his brigade ; but the enemy not thinking it advisable to pursue,
he, in compliance with previous arrangements, fell back and took
post on the left of my entrenchments, and a half mile in advance
of them. In this affair the citizen soldiers of Baltimore, with
the exception of the 51st regiment, have maintained the reputa-
tion they so deservedly acquired at Bladensburg, and their brave
and skilful leader has confirmed the confidence which we had all
so justly placed in him. I take the liberty of referring you to his
letter for the more particular mention of the individuals who,
new to warfare, have shown the coolness and valor of veterans;
and who, by their conduct on this occasion, have given their coun-
try and their city an assurance of what may be expected from
them when their services are again required. I cannot dis-
miss the subject without expressing the heartfelt satisfaction I
experienced in thus bearing testimony to the courage and good
conduct of my fellow townsmen. About the time general
Strieker had taken the ground just mentioned, he was joined by
brigadier general Winder, who had been stationed on the west
side of the city, but was now ordered to march with general
Douglas's brigade of Virginia militia and the United States' dra-
goons under captain Bird, and take post on the left of general
Strieker. During these movements the brigades of general Stans-
bury and Foreman, the seamen and marines under commodore
Rodgers, the Pennsylvania volunteers under colonels Cobean and
Findley, the Baltimore artillerv under captain Stiles, manned the
trenches and the batteries — all prepared to receive the enemy,
VVe remained in this situation during the night.

On Tuesday, the enemy appeared in front of my entrenchments
at the distance ol two miles, on the Philadelphia road, from
whence he had a full view of our position. He manouvred during
\k(j morning, towards our left, as if with the intention of making

43*

a eircuitou9 march and coming down on the Harford or York
roads. Generals Winder and Strieker were ordered to adapt
their movements to those of the enemy, so as to baffle this sup-?
posed intention. They executed this order with great skill and
judgment, by taking an advantageous position, stretching from
my left across the country, when the enemy was likely to approach
the quarter he seemed to threate'n. This movement induced the
enemy to concentrate his forces (between one and two o'clock)
in my front, pushing his advance to within a mile of us, driving
in our videttes, and showing an intention of attacking us that
evening. I immediately drew generals Winder and Strieker
nearer to the left of my entrenchments and to the right of the
enemy, with the intention of their falling on his right or rear,
should he attack me; or, if he declined it, of attacking him in
die morning. To this movement, and to the strength of my de-
fences, which the enemy had the fairest opportunity of observing,
I am induced to attribute his retreat, which was commenced at
half past one o'clock on Wednesday morning. In this he was so
favoured by the extreme darkness and a continued rain, that we
did not discover it until day-light. I consented to general Win-
der's pursuing with the Virginia brigade and the United
States' dragoons ; at the same time, major Randal was despatched
with his light corps, in pursuit of the enemy's right, whilst the
whole of the militia cavalry was put in motion for the same object.
All the troops were, however, so worn out with continued watch-
ing, and with being under arms three days and nights, exposed
the greater part of the time to very inclement weather, that it
was found impracticable to do any thing more than pick up a few
stragglers. The enemy commenced his embarkation that even-
ing, and completed it the next day at one o'clock. It would have
been impossible, even had our troops been in a condition to act
offensively, to have cut off any part of the enemy's rear guard
during the embarkation, as the point where it was effected was
defended from our approach, by a line of defences extending from
Back river to Humphrey's creek, on the Patapsco, thrown up by
purselves previous to their arrival.

I have now the pleasure of calling your attention to the braye
commander of Fort M'Henry, major Armistead, and to the ope-
rations confined to that quarter. The enemy made his approach
by water, at the same time that his army was advancing on the
land, and commenced a discharge of bombs and rockets at the fort
as soon as he got within range of it. The situation of major
Armistead was peculiarly trying. The enemy having taken a
position at such a distance as to render offensive operations on
the part of the fort entirely fruitless, whilst their bombs and rock-
ets were every moment falling in and about it ; the officers and
men being at the same time entirely exposed. The vessels,
however, had the temerity to approach somewhat nearer ; they
wpre as soon compelled to withdraw, During the night, whilst.

4 SO

the enemy on land was retreating, and whilst the bombardment
was most severe, two or three rocket vessels and barges succeeded
in getting up the ferry branch ; but they were soon compelled to
retire by the forts in that quarter, commanded by lieutenant
Newcomb, of the navy, and lieutenant, Webster, of the flotilla.
These forts also destroyed one^of the barges with all on board.
The barges and battery at the lazaretto, under the command of
lieutenant Rutter, of the flotilla, kept up a brisk, and is believed,
a successful fire during the hottest period of the bombardment.
Major Armistead being seriously ill, in consequence of his con-
tinued exposure to the weather, has rendered it impossible for
Jhim to send in his report. It is not, therefore, in my power to
do justice to those gallant individuals who partook with the danger
of a tremendous bombardment, without the ability of retorting,
and without that security, which, in more regular fortifications, ia
provided for such occasions. Our loss in the fort is, I understand,
about 27 killed and wounded ; amongst the former, I have to la-
ment the fall of lieutenants Clagget and Clemm, who were both
estimable citizens and useful .officers.

From general Strieker's brigade, the return of the killed and
wounded has not yet come in. It is supposed, however, to amount
to about 150 ; among the former, this city has to regret the loss
of its representative in the state legislature, James L. Donaldson,
esq. adjutant of the 27th regiment. This gentleman will ever
be remembered by his constituents for his zeal and talents, and
by his corps for his bravery and military knowledge.

. I cannot conclude this report, without informing you of the
great aid I have derived from commodore Rodgers. He was ever
present and ready to afford his useful counsel, and to render his
important services. His presence, with that of his gallant officers
and seamen, gave confidence to every one.

The enemy's loss in his attempt on Baltimore, amounts, as near
as we can ascertain it, to between 6 and 700 killed, wounded and
missing. General Ross was certainly killed.

I have the honour to be, &c.

S. SMITH, Maj. Gen. Comdg.
Col. J:\mcs Monroe,

acting Secretary of War.

HEAD QUARTERS, FORT ERIE, September 20th, 1814.

SIR,

Among the officers lost to this army at the battle of Niagara
falls, was my aid-de-camp, captain Ambrose Spencer, who, being
mortally wounded, was left in the hands of the enemy. By flags
from the British army, I was shortly afterwards assured of his
convalescence, and an otter was made me by lieutenant general
Drutnmond to exchange him for his own aid, captain Loring, then
a prisoner of war with us. However singular this proposition

481

Appeared, a9 captain Loring was not wounded, nor had received
the slightest injury, I was willing to comply with it on captain
Spencer's account; but as I knew his wounds were severe, I
first sent to ascertain the fact of his being then living. My mes-
senger, with a flag, was detained, nor even once permitted to see
captain Spencer, though in his immediate vicinity. The evidence
I wished to acquire failed, but my regard for captain Spencer
would not permit me longer to delay, and I informed general
Drummond that his aid should be exchanged even for the body of
mine. This offer was no doubt gladly accepted, and the corpse of
captain Spencer sent to the American shore.

Indignant as 1 am at this ungenerous procedure, I yet hold
myself bound in honour to lieutenant general Drummond to re-
turn captain Loring ; and must therefore earnestly solicit of you
his immediate release. He can return to lieutenant general
Drummond by the way of Montreal.

Very respectfully, &c.

JACOB BROWN.
Qon. Jame6 Monro*.

PRESIDENTS MESSAGE TO CONGRESS.

Fellow citizens of the Senate

and of the Ilouse of Representatives i

Notwithstanding the early day which had been fixed foi
your session of the present year, I was induced to call you to-
gether sooner, as well that any inadequacy in the existing provi-
sions for the wants of the Treasury might be supplied, as that no
delay might happen in providing for the result of the negotiations
on foot with Great Britain, whether it should require arrangements
adapted to a return of peace, or further and more effective provi-
sions for prosecuting the war. '

The result is not yet known. If, on one hand, the repeal ot the
orders in council, and the general pacification in Europe, which
withdrew the occasion on which impressments from American
vessels were practised, suggest expectations that peace ami amity
may be re-established, we are compelled, on the other hand, by
the refusal of the British government to accept the offered medi-
ation of the Emperor of Russia; by the delays ,n giving effect to
its own proposal of a direct negotiation ; and, above all, by the
principles and manner in which the war is now avowedly carried
on to infer that a spirit of hostility is indulged more violent than
ever against the rights and prosperity of this country.

Thii increased Violence is best explained by the two important
circumstances, that the great contest iu Europe for an ^™J
guaranteeing all its estates against the ambition ot anv has bear
dosed without any check on the overbearing power of Great Bn

432

taift on the ocean; and it has left in her hands disposable tfraga
merits with which, forgetting the difficulties of a remote war with
& free people, and yielding to the intoxication of success, with
the example of a great victim to it before her eyes, she cherishes
hopes ol still further aggrandizing a power already formidable in
its abuses to the tranquillity of the civilized and commercial world.

Bat, whatever mr.y have inspired the enemy with these more
violent purposes, the public councils of a nation, more able to
maintain than it was to acquire its independence, and with a de-
votion to it rendered more ardent by the experience of its bles-
sings, can never deliberate but on the means most effectual for
defeating the extravagant views or unwarrantable passions with
which alone the Mar can now be pursued against us.

In the events of the present campaign, the enemy, with all his
augmented means, and wanton use of them, has little ground for
exultation, unless he can feel it in the success of his recent en-
terprizes against this metropolis and the neighbouring town of
Alexandria, from both of which his retreats were as precipitate
as his attempts were bold and fortunate. In his other incursions
on our Atlantic frontier, his progress often checked and chastised
by the martial spirit of the neighboring citizens, has had more
effect in distressing individuals, and in dishonoring his arms, than
in promoting any object of legitimate warfare. And, in the two
instances mentioned, however deeply to be regretted on our part,
he will find in his transient success, which interrupted for a
moment only the ordinary public business at the seat of govern-
ment, no compensation for the loss of character with the world,
by his violations of private property, and by his destruction of pub-
lic edifices, protected, as monuments of the arts, by the laws of
civilized warfare.

On our side, we can appeal to a series of achievements which
have given new lustre to the American arms. Besides the bril-
liant incidents in the minor operations of the campaign, the
splendid victories gained on the Canadian side of the Niagara, by
the American forces under major general Brown, and brigadiers
Scott and Gaines, have gained for those heroes, and their emula-
ting companions, the most unfading laurels; and, having trium-
phantly tested the progressive discipline of the American soldiery,
nave taught the enemy that the longer he protracts his hostile ef-
forts, the more certain and decisive will be his final discomfiture.

On our southern border, victory has continued also to follow the
American standard. The bold and skilful operations of major
general Jackson, conducting troops drawn from the militia of the
states least distant, particularly of Tennessee, have subdued
the principal tribes of hostile savages, and, by establishing a
peace with them, preceded bv recent and exemplary chastisement,
has best guarded against the mischief of their co-operation with
the British enterprf/.es which may be planned against that quarter
of our country. Important tribes of Indians on our northwestern

433

frontier have also acceded to stipulations which bind tnem to
the interests of the United States, and to consider our enemv
as theirs also.

In the recent attempt of the enemy on the city of Baltimore,
defended by militia and volunteers, aided by a small body of re-
gulars and seamen, he was received with a spirit which produced
a rapid retreat to his ships; whilst a concurrent attack by a targe
fleet was successfully resisted by the steady and well directed
fire of the fort and batteries opposed to it.

In another recent attack by a powerful force on our troops at
Plattsburgh, of which regulars made a part only, the enemy, after
a perseverance for many hours, was finally compelled to seek
safety in a hasty retreat, with our gallant bands pressing upon
him.

On the lakes, so much contested throughout the War, the great
exertions for the command made on our part, have been well re-
paid. On lake Ontario our squadron is now, and has been for
some time, in a condition to confine that of the enemy to his own
port ; and to favour the operations of our land forces on that
frontier.

A part of the squadron on lake Erie has been extended into
lake Huron, and has produced the advantage of displaying our
command on that lake also. One object of the expedition was
the reduction of Mackinaw, which failed, with the loss of a few
brave men, among whom was an officer justly distinguished for
his gallant exploits. The expedition, ably conducted by both the
land and naval commanders, was otherwise highly valuable in its
effects.

On lake Champlain, where our superiority had for some time
been undisputed, the British squadron lately came into action with
the American, commanded by captain Macdonough. It issued in
the capture of the whole of the enemy's ships. The best praise
for this officer, and his intrepid comrades, is in the likeness of hi?
triumph to the illustrious victory which immortalized another
officer, and established, at a critical moment, our command of an
other lake.

On the ocean, the pride of our naval arms has been amply sup-
ported. A second frigate, indeed, has fallen into the hands of
the enemy, but the loss is hidden in the blaze of heroism with
which she was defended. Captain Porter, who commanded her,
and whose previous career had been distinguished by daring en-
terprize and by fertility of genius, maintained a sanguinary
contest against two ships, one of them superior to his own, and
under other severe disadvantages, till humanity tore down the co-
lours which valor had nailed to the must. This officer and his
brave comrades, have added much to the rising glory of the Ameri-
can flag, and have merited all the effusions of gratitude which tiieif
country is ever ready to bestow on the champions of its figbti;
ftftd of its safetv.

434

Two smaller vessels of war have also become prizes to the
enemy ; but by a superiority of force which sufficiently vindicates-
the reputation of their commanders ; whilst two others, one com-
manded by captain Warrington, the other by captain Blakely,
have captured British ships of the same class, with a gallantry
and good conduct which entitle them and their^-companions to a.
just share in the praise of their country.

In spite of the naval force of the enemy accumulated on our
coasts, our private cruizers have also not ceased to annoy hit
commerce, and to bring their rich prizes into our ports ; contri-
buting thus, with other proofs, to demonstrate the incompetency
and illegality of a blockade, the proclamation of which is made
the pretext for vexing and discouraging the commerce of neutral
powers with the United States.

To meet the extended and diversified warfare adopted by the
enemy, great bodies of militia have been taken into service for the
public defence, and great expenses incurred. That the defence
every where may be both more convenient and more economical,
Congress will see the necessity of immediate measures for filling
the ranks of the regular army, and of enlarging the provision for
special corps, mounted and unmounted, to be engaged for longer
periods of service than are due from the militia. I earnestly re-
new, at the same time, a recommendation of such changes in the
system of the militia, as, by classing and disciplining, for the
most prompt and active service, the portions most capable of it,
will give to that great resource for the public safety, all the re-
quisite energy and efficiency.

The monies received into the Treasury during the nine months
ending on the SOth day of June last, amounted to thirty-two mil-
lions of dollars, of which, near eleven millions were the proceeds
of the public revenue, and the remainder derived from loans.
The disbursements for public expenditures during the same pe-
riod, exceeded thirty-four millions of dollars. The demands dur-
ing the remainder of the present year, already authorized by Con-
gress, and the expenses incident to an extension of the operations
of the war, will render it necessary that large sums should be
provided to meet them.

From this view of the national affairs, Congress will be urged
to take up, without delay, as well the subject of pecuniary sup-
plies, as that of military force, and on a scale commensurate with
the extent and the character which the war has assumed. It is not
to be disguised that the situation of our country calls for its
greatest efforts. Our enemy is powerful in men and in money, on
the land and on the water. Availing himself of fortuitous ad-
vantages, he is aiming, with his undivided force, a deadly blow
at our growing prosperity, perhaps at our national existence. He
has avowed his purpose of trampling on the usages of civilized
warfare, and given earnests of it in the plunder and wanton des-
truction of private property. In his pride of maritime dominion.

435

and, in his thirst of commercial monopoly, he strikes with pecvw-
liar animosity at the progress of our navigation and of our man-
ufactures. His barbarous policy has not even spared those monu-
ments of the arts and models of taste with which our country had
enriched and embellished its infant metropolis. From such an
adversary, hostility, in its greatest force and in its worst forms,
may be looked for. The American people will face it with the
undaunted spirit which, in their revolutionary struggle, defeated
his unrighteous projects. His threats and his barbarities, instead
of dismay, will kindle in every bosom an indignation not to be
extinguished but in the disaster and expulsion of such cruel inva-
ders. In providing the means necessary, the national legislature-
will not distrust the heroic and enlightened patriotism of its con-
stituents. They will cheerfully and proudly bear every burden
of .very kind which the safetv and honour of the nation demand.
We have teen them every where paying their taxes, direct and
indirect, with the greatest promptness and alacrity. We see them
rushing with enthusiasm to the scenes where danger and duty
call. In offering their blood, they give the surest pledge that no
other tribute will be withheld.

Having forborne to declare war until to other aggressions had
been added the capture of nearly a thousand American vessels,
and the imprisonment of thousands of American seafaring citi-
zens, and until a final declaration had been made by the govern-
ment of Great Britain, that her hostile orders against our com-
merce would not be revoked, but on conditions as impossible^
unjust ; whilst it was known that these orders would not otherwise
cease, but with a war which had lasted nearly twenty years, and
which, according to appearances at that time, might last as many
more ; having manifested, on every occasion, and in every pro-
per mode, a sincere desire to arrest the effusion of blood, and
met our enemy on the ground of justice and reconciliation, our
beloved country, in still opposing to his persevering hostility all
its energies, with an undiminished disposition towards peace and
friendship on honourable terms, must carry with it the good
wishes of the impartial world, and the best hopes of support from
an omnipotent and kind Providence.

JAMES MADISON,

Washington, September 30th, 1814.

FORT ERIE, September 22d, 1814.

SIR,

In executing the duty you have imposed on me, of reporting
the conduct of the officers and men composing the left column,
which you was pleased to place under my command, in the sortie
of the irth instant, the pleasure I derive in representing to you the
admirable conduct of the whole, is deeply chastened by sorrow,
for the loss of many brave and distinguished men.

436

•

Being obliged, from the nature of the ground, to act on foot, it
was impossible that my own personal observation should reach to
every officer. Some part of this report must therefore rest upon
the information of others.

It is the business of this communication to speak of the con-
duct of individuals ; yet you will permit me to premise, although
well known to yourself already, that the object of the left column
was to penetrate, by a circuitous route, between the enemy's bat-
teries, where one-third of his force was always kept on duty, and
his main camp, and that it was subdivided into three divisions —
the advance of 200 riflemen, and a few Indians, commanded by
colonel Gibson, and two columns moving parallel to, and 30 yards
distant from, each other. The right column was commanded by
lieutenant colonel Wood, headed by 400 infantry, under major
Brook, of the 23d, and followed by 500 volunteers and militia,
being parts of lieutenant colonels Dobbin's, M'Burney's and
Fleming's regiments, and was intended to attack the batteries.

The left column of 500 militia, was commanded by brigadier
general Davis, and comprised the commands of lieutenant colo-
nels Hopkins, Churchhill and Crosby, and was intended to hold
in check any reinforcements from the enemy's camp ; or both
columns (circumstances requiring it, which frequently happened)
to co-operate in the same object.

After carrying by storm, in the handsomest style, a strong
block house, in rear of the third battery, making its garrison pri-
soners, destroying the three 24 pounders and their carriages in
the third battery, and blowing up the enemy's magazine, and
after co-operating with general Miller in taking the second bat-
tery, the gallant leaders of the three divisions all fell nearly at
the same time ; colonel Gibson, at the second battery, and general
Davis and lieutenant colonel Wood in an assualt upon the
first.

Brigadier general Davis, although a militia officer of little ex-
perience, conducted on this occasion with all the coolness and
bravery of a veteran, .and fell while advancing upon the enemy's
entrenchments. His loss as a citizen as well as a soldier, will be
severely felt. in the patriotic county of Genessee. Colonel Gibson
fully sustained the high military reputation, which he had before
so justly acquired. You know how exalted an opinion I have
always entertained of lieutenant colonel Wood of the engineers.
His conduct on this day was what it uniformly has been, on
every similar occasion, on an exhibition of military skill, acute,
udgment, and heroic valor. Of the other regular officers,
ieutenant colonel M'Donald and major Brook, senior in com-
mand, will report to you in relation to their respective divisions.
Fermit me, however, to say of these two officers, that, much as
•was left to them by the fall of their distinguished leaders, they
were able to sustain their parts in the most admirable manner,
"nl they richly deserve the notice of the government;

437

Of the militia, I regret that the limits of a report will not per-
mit me even to name all of those, who on this occasion established
claims to the gratitude of their fellow citizens; much less to par-
ticularize individual merit. Lieutenant colonels Hopkins, M'Bur-
ney, Churchhill and Crosby, and majors Lee, Marcle, Wilson,
Lawrence, Burr, Dunham, Kellogg, and Ganson, are entitled to
the highest praise for their gallant conduct, their steady and per-
severing exertions. Lieutenant colonel Dobbin being prevented
bv severe indisposition from taking the field, major Hall, assistant
inspector general, volunteered his services to join major Lee in
the command of the volunteer regiment ; and major Lee and
every other officer speaks in the highest terms of the gallant and
good conduct of this young officer.

Captain Fleming, who commanded the Indians, was, ashe always
is, in the front of the battle. There is not a more intrepid soldier
in the army. I should be ungrateful were I to omit the names of
captains Knapp and Hull of the volunteers, and captain Parker
and lieutenant Chatfield of the militia, by whose intrepidity I
was, during the action, extricated from the most unpleasant situa-
tion. Captains Richardson, Buel and Kennedy, lieutenants Park-
hurst and Brown, and adjutants Dobbin, Bates and Robinson,
particularly distinguished themselves. The patriotic conduct of
captain Elliot, with twenty young gentlemen, who volunteered
from Batavia, and of major Hubbard with fourteen men, exempt-
ed by age from military duty, should not be omitted. They were
conspicuous during the action,

You will excuse me if I shall seem partial in speaking of my
own family, consisting of my brigade major Frazer, my volunteer
aid -de-camp Riddle, (both first lieutenants in the 15th infantry)
captain Bigger of the Canadian volunteers, Messrs. Williams and
Delapierre, volunteer aids for the day, all of whom, except Mr.
Williams, were wounded.

Lieutenants Frazer and Riddle were engaged for most of the
preceding day with fatigue parties, cutting roads for the advance
of the column through the swamp, and falling timber to the rear,
and within 150 yards of the enemy's right : which service they
executed with so much address as to avoid discovery ; and on the
succeeding day they conducted the two columns to the attack.
Frazer was severely wounded by a musket ball while spiking a
gun on the second "battery. Riddle, after the first battery was
carried, descended into the enemy's magazine, and after securing
(with the assistance of quarter master Greene of the volunteers,
whose good conduct deserves much praise) a quantity of fixed am-
munition, blew up the magazine and suffered severely by the explo-
sion. I must solicit, through you, sir, the attention of the general
government to these meritorious young men. Captain Bigger is
an excellent officer, and rendered me much assistance, but was
dangerously wounded. The other young gentlemen are citizens,
and deserve much credit for their activity, and for having vohinta

43S

lily encountered danger. My aid-de-camp, major Dox, wag con-
fined at Buffalo by sickness.

On the whole, sir, I can say of the regular troops attached to the
left column, of the veteran volunteers of lieutenant colonel Dob-
bin's regiment, that every man did his duty, and their conduct on
this occasion reflects a new lustre on their former brilliant
achievements. To the militia, the compliment is justly due, and
I could pay them no greater one, than to say, that they were not
surpassed by the heroes of Chippewa and Niagara in steadiness
anil bravery.

The studied intricacy of the enemy's defences, consisting not
only of the breast-work connecting their batteries, but of suc-
cessive lines of entrenchments for a hundred yards in the rear,
covering the batteries and enfilading each other, and the whole
obstructed by abattis, brush and felled timber, was calculated to
produce confusion among the assailants, and led to several con-
tests at the point of the bayonet. But by our double columns and
temporary irregularity in the one, was always corrected by the
other. Our success would probably have been more complete, but
for the rain which unfortunately set in soon after we commenced
our march, which rendered the fire of many of our muskets use-
less, and by obscuring the sun. led to several unlucky mistakes.
As an instance of this, a body of 50 prisoners who had surren-
dered, were ordered to the fort in charge of a subaltern and 14
volunteers ; the officer mistaking the direction, conducted them to-
wards the British camp in the route by which we had advanced,
and they were re-taken with the whole of the guard, excepting
the officer and one man, who fought their way back. Several of our
stragglers were made prisoners by the same mistake. But, sir,
notwithstanding these accidents, we have reason to rejoice at our
signal success, in inflicting a vastly disproportionate injury on the
enemy, and in wholly defeating all his plans of operation against
this army.

I have the honour to be, &c.
P. B. PORTER,
Brig. Gen. comdg. volunteers and militia.
Miijor General Brown, Commanding, See.

Names and rank of the officers killed, wounded, and missing.

Killed — lieutenant colonel E.D.Wood, captain and brevet lieu-
tenant colonel of engineers; captain L. Bradford, 21st infantry;
captain II. Hale, 11th infantry ; captain L. G. A. Armstead, 1st
rinemen.

Wounded — Staff, brigadier general Ripley, 2d brigade, dange-
rously, shot through the neck ; 1st lieutenant Crawford, I lth in-
fantry ; brigade major 1st brigade, slightly, shot in the arm ; 9th
infantry, lieutenat colonel Aspinwall, severly, left arm ampu-
tated ; captain Ingersol, slightly, in the head; 1st lieutenant E
Clulds, severely, bayonet wound through the thigh 1 lth infantry

43-9

1st lieutenant W. F. Hale, dangerously, shot in the body; &d
lieutenant I. Clarke, severely in the body ; 3d lieutenant Steven-
son, severely, through the thigh; 3d lieutenant Davis, dangerous -
)y, through the body; 19th infantry, major Trimble, dangerously,
shot through the body; ensign Neely, slightly, shot in the thigh ; 21sfc
infantry, ensign Cummings, severely, in the arm ; 23d infantry, 1st
lieutenant Brown, slightly, in the arm; ensign O'Fling, mortally,
9incedead; 1st riflemen, captain Ramsey, severely, in the groin ;
3d lieutenant Cobb, severely, in the body; 4th riflemen, colonel
James Gibson, mortally, since dead ; 1st lieutenant Grant, severe
wounds in the arm and side

Missing — 1st lieutenant Ballard, adjutant 4th riflemen, pri-
soner.

Of the Militia — killed — brigadier general Davis, of volunteer
brigade; captain Buel, of lieutenant colonel Crosby's regiment;
lieutenant Brown, of lieutenant colonel M'Burney's regiment;
lieutenant W. Belknap, of lieutenant colouel Flemming's regi-
ment; ensign Blakely, of lieutenant colonel M'Burney's regi-
ment.

Wounded — Staff, major general P. B. Porter, sword wound in
the hand; 1st lieutenant Frazer, 13th infantry, brigade major.
Severely, in the leg; 1st lieutenant Riddle, 1 5th infantry, acting
as aid-de-camp, slight contusion ; captain Bigger, New York vo-
lunteers, acting aid, severely through the breast and shoulder*
lieutenant colonel Dobbin's regiment — captain Knapp, in the hip;,
lieutenant Bailey, in the side ; lieutenant colonel M'Burney's
regiment — captain Hale, wounded and prisoner; lieutenant co-
lonel Hopkins' regiment — lieutenant Gillet, through the thigh.

Missing — lieutenant colonel W. L. Churchhill ; major F„. Wil»
son ; quarter master O. Wilcox ; captain Crouch ; captain Case j
lieutenant Case ; ensign Chambers ; ensign Clark ; ensign Church-,
prisoners.

FORT M'HENRY, September 24th, 1814.

SIR, - . .

A severe indisposition, the effect of great fatigue and expD*
sure, has prevented me heretofore from presenting you with ah
account of the attack on this post. On the night of Saturday the
10th instant, the British fleet, consisting of ships of the line, heavy
frigates and bomb vessels, amounting in the whole to 30 sail, ap-
peared at the mouth of the river Patapsco, with every indication
of an attempt upon the city of Baltimore. My own force con-
sisted of one company of United States' artillery, under captain
Evans, and two companies of sea-f'encibles, under captains Bun-
bury and Addison. Of these three companies, 35 men were un-
fortunately on the sick list, and unfit for duty. I had been fur-
nished with two companies of volunteer artillery from the city «it
Baltimore under captain Bcrrv and lieutenant commandant i ^'

440

'hington. To these I must add another very tine company ol
volunteer artillerists, under judge Nicholson, who had proffered
their services to aid in the defence of this post whenever an attack
might be apprehended ; and also a detachment from commodore
Barney's flotilla, under lieutenant Redman. Brigadier general
Winder had also furnished me with about 600 infantry, under the
command of lieutenant colonel Stewart and major Lane, consist-
ing of detachments from the 12th, 14th, 36th, and 38th regiments
of United States' troops — the total amounting to about 1000
effective men.

On Monday morning, very early, it was perceived that the ene-
my was landing troops on the east side of the Patapsco, distance
about ten miles. During that day and the ensuing night, he had
brought sixteen ships (including five bomb ships) within about
two miles and a half of this fort. I had arranged my force as
follows: — the regular artillerists under captain Evans, and the
volunteers under captain Nicholson, manned the bastions in the
Star Fort. Captains Bunbury's, Addison's, Rodman's, Berry's,
and lieutenant commandant Pennington's commands were sta-
tioned on the lower works, and the infantry > under lieutenant colo-
nel Stewart and major Lane, were in the outer ditch, to meet the
enemy at his landing, should he attempt one.

On Tuesday morning, about sun-rise, the enemy commenced
the attack from his five bomb vessels, at the distance of about
two miles, and kept up an incessant and well directed bombard-
ment. We immediately opened our batteries, and kept up a brisk
fire from our guns and mortars, but unfortunately our shot and
shells all fell considerably short of him. This was to me a most
distressing circumstance; as it left us exposed to a constant and
tremendous shower of shells, without the most remote possibility
of our doing him the slightest injury. It affords me the highest
gratification to state, that though we were left thus exposed, and
thus inactive, not a man shrunk from the conflict.

About two o'clock P. M. one of the 24 pounders of the south-
west bastion, under the immediate command of captain Nichol-
son, was dismounted by a shell, the explosion from which killed
his second lieutenant, and wounded several of his men; the bus-
tle necessarily produced in removing the wounded and replacing
the gun, probably induced the enemy to suspect we were in a
state of confusion, as he brought in three of his bomb ships, to
what I believed to be good striking distance. I immediately or-
dered a fire to be opened, which was obeved with alacrity through
the whole garrison, and in half an hour those intruders again shel-
tered themselves by withdrawing beyond our reach. We gave
three cheers, and again ceased tiring — The enemy continued
throwing shells, with one or two slight intermissions, till one
o'clock in the morning of Wednesday, when it was discovered
that he had availed himself of the darkness of the night, and had
thrown a considerable force above to our right; they had approach-

441

ctl very near to Fort Covington, when they began to throw
rockets ; intended, I presume, to give them an opportunity ot
examining the shores — as I have since understood, they had de=
tached 1250 picked men, with scaling ladders, for the purpose of
storming this fort. We once more had an opportunity of opening
our batteries, and kept up a continued blaze for nearly two hours,
which had the effect again to drive them off.

Injustice to lieutenant Newcomb, of the United States' navy,
who commanded at fort Covington, with a detachment of sailors,
and lieutenant "Webster, of the flotilla, who commanded the six
gun battery near that fort, I ought to state, that during this time
they kept up an animated, and I believe, a very destructive fire, to
which I am persuaded, we are much indebted in repulsing the en-
emy. One of his sunken barges has since been found with two dead-
men in it ; others have been seen floating in the river. The only
means we had of directing our guns, was by the blaze of their rock-
ets, and the flashes of their guns. Had they ventured to the same
situation in the day time, not a man would have escaped.

The bombardment continued on the part of the enemy until 7
o'clock on Wednesday morning, when it ceased ; and about 9,
their ships got under weigh, and stood down the river. During
the bombardment, which lasted 25 hours (witlvtwo slight intermis-
sions) from the best calculation lean make, from 15 to 1800
shells were thrown by the enemy. A few of these fell short. A
large proportion burst over us, throwing their fragments among us,
and threatening destruction. Many passed over, and about 400
fell within the works. Two of the public buildings are materially
injured, the others but slightly. I am happy to inform you (won-
derful as it may appear) that our loss amounts only to four men
killed, and 24 wounded. The latter will all recover. Among
the killed, I have to lament the loss of lieutenant Clagget, and
sergeant Clemm, both of captain Nicholson's volunteers; two
men whose fate is to be deplored, not only for their personal bra-
very, but for their high standing, amiable demeanor, and spotless
integrity in private life. Lieutenant Russel, of the company un-
der lieutenant Pennington, received, early in the attack, a severe
contusion in the heal ; notwithstanding which he remained at his
post during the whole bombardment.

Were I to name any individuals who signalized themselves, it
would be doing injustice to others. Suffice it to say, that every
officer and soldier under my command did their duty to my entire
satisfaction.

I have the honour to be, &c.

G. ARMISTEAD, Lt. Col. U. S. A.
f he Secretary of War.

HEAD QUARTERS, CAMP FORT ERIE, September 29th, 1314.

SIR,

In my letter of the 18th instant I briefly informed you of the
fortunate issue of the sortie which took place the day preceding,.

442

But it rs due to the gallant officers and men, to whose bravery we
are indebted for our success on this occasion, that I should give
you a more circumstantial and detailed account of this aftair.

The enemy's camp I had ascertained to be situated in a field,
surrounded by woods, nearly two miles distant from their batteries
and entrenchments, the object of which was to keep the parts of
their force which was not upon duty, out of the range of our ftre
from Fort Erie and Black Rock. Their infantry was formed into
three brigades, estimated at 12 or 1500 men each. One of thesa
brigades, with a detail from their artillery, was stationed at their
works, (these being but 500 yards distant from old Fort Erie, and
the right of our line.) We had already suffered much from the
fire of two of their batteries, and were aware that a third was
about to open upon us. Under these circumstances, I resolved to
storm the batteries, destroy the cannon, and roughly handle the
brigade upon duty, before those in reserve could be brought into
action.

On the morning of the 17th, the infantry and riflemen, regu-
lars and militia, were ordered to be paraded and put in readiness
to march precisely at 12 o'clock. General Porter with the volun*
teers, colonel Gibson with the riflemen, and major Brooks with
the 23d and 21st infantry, and a few dragoons acting as infantry,
were ordered to move from the extreme left of our position, upon
the enemy's right, by a passage opened through the woods for the
occasion. General Miller was directed to station his command
in the ravine, which lies between fort Erie and the enemy's bat-
teries, by passing them by detachments through the skirts of the
wood, and the 21st infantry, under general Ripley, was posted
as a corps of reserve between the new bastions of fort Erie : all
under cover and out of the view of the enemy.

About 20 minutes before 3 P. M. I found the left columns, un-
der the command of general Porter, which were destined to turn
the enemy's right, within a few rods of the British entrenchments.
They were ordered to advance and commence the action. Pass-
ing down the ravine, I judged from the report of musketry, that
the action had commenced on our left ; I now hastened to general
Miller and directed him to seize the moment and pierce the ene-
my's entrenchments between batteries No. 2 and 3. My orders
were promptly and ably executed. Within 30 minutes after the
first gun was fired, batteries No. 3 and 2, the enemy's line of en-
trenchments, and his two block houses, were in our possession.
Soon after, battery No. I was abandoned by the British. The
guns in each were spiked by us, or otherwise destroyed, and the
magazine of No. 3 was blown up.

A few minutes before the explosion, I had ordered up the re-
serve under general Ripley. As he passed me at the head of his
Column, I desired him, as he would be the senior in advance, to
ascertain, as near as possible, the situation of the troops jn ge

443

neral, and to have a care that not more wa9 hazarded than the
Occasion required; that, the object of the sortie effected, the
troops would retire in good order, &c. General Ripley passed
rapidly on ; soon after, I became alarmed for general Miller, and
sent an order for the 21st to hasten to his support towards battery
No 1. Colonel Upham received the order, and advanced to the
aid of general Miller. General Ripley had inclined to the left,
where major Brooks' command was engaged, with a view of mak-
ing some necessary enquiries of that officer, and in the act of do-
ing so, was unfortunately wounded. By this time, the object of
the sortie was accomplished beyond my most sanguine expecta-
tions. General Miller had consequently ordered the troops on
the right to fall back ; observing this movement, I sent my staff
along the line to call in the other corps. Within a few minutes
they retired from the ravine, and from thence to camp.

Thus, one thousand regulars and an equal portion of militia, in
one hour of close action, blasted the hopes of the enemy, des-
troyed the fruits of fifty days labour, and diminised his effective
force 1000 men at least. I am at a loss how to express my
satisfaction at the gallant conduct of the officers and men of this
division, whose valor has shone superior to every trial. General
Porter, in his official report herein inclosed, has very properly no-
ticed those patriotic citizens who have done so much honour to
themselves, by freely and voluntarily tendering their services at
a dangerous and critical period.

As the scene of action was in a wood, in advance of the posi-
tion I had chosen for directing the movements of the whole, the
several reports of commandants of corps, must guide me in no-
ticing individuals. .

General Miller mentions lieutenant colonel Aspmwall, lieute-
nant colonel Beedle, major Trimble, captain Hull, captain Inger-
soll, lieutenant Crawford, lieutenant Lee, and particularly ensign
O' Fling, as entitled to distinction.

Lieutenant colonel M'Donald, upon whom the command of the
rifle corps devolved, upon the fall of the brave and ^eiierous
Gibson, names adjutants Shortridge of the 1st, and Ballard ot
the 4th regiments, as deserving the highest applause for their
promptness and gallantry in communicating orders. Of the other
officers of the corps, he reports generally, that the bravery and
good conduct of all was so conspicuous, as to render it impossible

to discriminate. . , ' . ... . , •

Major Brooks, to whom much credit is due for the distinguished
manner in which he executed the orders he remved, speaks in
high terms of lieutenants Goodell, Ingersoll, L)^gsto»> an.d/.e";
signs Brant and O'Fling, of the 23d, particularly of the late*.
ATso of captain Simms, lieutenants Bissel, Shore, and Bimot, «t
the 1st infantry, and lieutenant Watts, of theylragoons,

444

Lieutenant colonel Upham, who took command of the reserve
after general Ripley was disabled, bestows great praise upon major
Chambers, of the 4th regiment of riflemen, attached to the 21st
infantry, as also upon captain Bradford and lieutenant Holding
of that regiment.

My staff, colonel Snelling, colonel Gardner, major Jones, and
my aids-de-camp, major Austin and lieutenant Armstrong, were,
as usual, zealous, intelligent and active ; they performed every
duty required of them to my entire satisfaction.

Major Hall, assistant inspector general, led a battalion of mi-
litia, and conducted with skill and gallantry. Lieutenant Kirby,
aid-de-camp to general Ripley, was extremely active and useful
during the time he was in action.

Lieutenants Frazer and Riddle were in general Porter's Staff j
their bravery was conspicuous, and no officers of their grade were
more useful.

The corps of artillery, commanded by major Hindman, which
has been so eminently distinguished throughout this campaign,
had no opportunity of taking a part in the sortie. The 25th in-
fantry, under colonel Jessup, was stationed in fort Erie to hold
the key of our position.

Colonel Brady, on whose firmness and good conduct every re-
liance could be placed, was on command at Buffalo with the re-
mains of the 22d infantry. Lieutenant colonel M'Ree and lieu-
tenant colonel Wood, of the corps of engineers, having rendered
to this army services the most important, I must seize the oppor-
tunity of again mentioning them particularly. On everv trying
occasion, I have reaped much benefit from their sound and excel-
lent advice. No two officers of their grade could have contributed
more to the safety and honour of this army. Wood, brave, gene-
rous and enterprising, died as he had lived, without a feeling but
for the honour of his country and glory of her arms. His name
and example will live to guide the soldier in the path of duty so
long as true heroism is held in estimation. M'Ree lives to enjoy
the approbation of every virtuous and generous mind, and to re-
ceive the reward due to his services and high military talents.

It is proper here to notice, that although but one-third of the
enemy's force was on duty when his works wex*e carried, the
whole were brought into action while we were employed in des-
troying Ins cannon. We secured prisoners from seven of his regi-
ments, and know that the 6th and 82d suffered severely in killed
■and wounded, yet these regiments were not upon duty.

Lieutenant general Druinmond broke up his^camp during the
night of the 21st, and retired to his entrenchments behind the
Chippewa. A part of our men came up with the rear of his
army at Frenchman's creek ; the enemy destroyed part of their
stores, by setting fire to the buildings from which they were em-
ployed in conveying them. We found in and about the camp, a

445

considerable quantity of cannon ball, and upwards of one hundred
itand of arms.

I send you enclosed herein, a return of our loss. The return
of prisoners enclosed, does not include the stragglers that came.
in after the action.

I hav^ the honour to be, &c.

JACOB BROWN.

Hon. Secretary of War,

H. Q. CAMP FORT ERIE, October 1st, 1814.
SIR,

Looking over my official account of the action of the lrth
ultimo, I find that the names of the regiments which composed
general Miller's command have not been given. As I believe it
even more important to distinguish corps than individuals, I
am anxious to correct this mistake. General Miller on that day
commanded the remains of the 9th and 11th infantry and a de-
tachment of the 19th. Of three field officers who were attached
to them, two were severely wounded ; lieutenant colonel Aspin-
wall of the 9th, gallantly leading his men to the attack upon the
enemy's entrenchments ; and major Trimble, of the 1 9th, who
was shot within their works, conducting with great skill and bra-
very. A detachment of the 17th regiment was attached to the
21st.

I have the honour to be, &c.
JACOB BROWN.
Hon. Secretary of War.

PRIVATEER GENERAL ARMSTRONG.

FAYAL, October 4th, 1814-.

SIR,

With infinite regret I am constrained to say, it has eventualfy
fallen to my lot to state to you the loss and destruction of the
private armed brig General Armstrong, late under my command.
We sailed from Sandy Hook on the evening of the 9th ultimo,
and about midnight fell in chase, aboard of a razee and ship ol
the line. They pursued till next day noon, when they thought
proper to give over the chase. On the 11th, after a nine hours' chace_,
boarded the private armed schooner Perry, John Colman, six days
from Philadelphia, had thrown over all his guns. On the following
day fell in with an enemy's gun brig; exchanged a few shots with
and left him. On the 24th, boarded a Spanish brig and schooner.
and a Portuguese ship, all from the Havanna. On the 26th fol -
lowing, came to in Fayal Roads, for the purpose of filling water:
called on the American consul who very politely ordered our wa
ter immediately sent ©ft*, it beinj our intention ir, proceed to Bea

446

early the next day. At 5 P. M. I went on board, the consul ant!
some other gentlemen in company. I asked some questions con-
cerning enemy's cruizers, and was told there had been none at
these islands for several weeks; when about dusk, while we were
examining, the British brig, Carnation, suddenly hove in sight close
under the north-east head of the harbor, within gun-shot when
first discovered. The idea of getting under weigh was instantly
suggested ; but finding the enemy's brig had the advantage of a
breeze, and but little wind with us, it was thought doubtful if we
should be able to get to sea without hazarding an action. I ques-
tioned the consul to know if in his opinion the enemy would re-
gard the neutrality of the port ? He gave me to understand I
might make myself perfectly easy, assuring me at the same time,
they would never molest us while at anchor. But no sooner did
the enemy's brig understand from the pilot boat who we were, than
she immediately hauled close in and let go her anchor within
pistol shot of us : at the same moment the Plantagenet, and frigate
Rota, hove in sight, to whom the Carnation instantly made signal;,
and a constant interchange took place for some time.

The result was, the Carnation proceeded to throw out all her
boats ; despatched on board the commodore, and appeared other-
wise to be making unusual exertions. The moon was near its
full, which enabled us to observe them very minutely ; and I now
determined to haul in nearer the shore. Accordingly, after clear-
ing for action, we got under weigh, aud began to sweep in. The
moment this was observed by the enemy's brig, she instantly cut
her cable, made sail, and despatched four boats in pursuit of us*
Being now about 8 P. M. as soon as we saw the boats approaching,
we let go our anchor, got springs on our cable, and prepared to
receive them. I hailed them repeatedly as they drew near, but
they felt no inclination to reply. Sure of their game, they only
pulled up with the greater speed. I observed the boats were all
manned, and apparently as well armed ; and as soon as they had
cleverly got along side, we opened our fire, which was soon re-
turned ; but meeting with rather a warmer reception than they
had probably been aware of, they very soon cried out for quar-
ters and hauled otf. In this skirmish, 1 had one inan killed, and
my first lieutenant wounded. The enemy's loss must have been
upwards of twenty killed and wounded.

They had now repaired to their ships to prepare for a more
formidable attack. We, in the interim, having taken the hint,
prepared to haul close into the beach, where we moored head and
stern, within half pistol shot of the castle. This done, we again
prepared in the best possible manner for their second reception..
At 9 P. M. we observed the enemy's brig towing in a fleet of
boats. They soon after left the brigand took their station in
three divisions, under cover of a small reef of rocks, within about
musket -*hot of u& Here they continued inanouvring for some

447

time, the brig still keeping under weigh to act with the boats,
should we at any time attempt our escape.

The shores were lined with the inhabitants, waiting the expect-
ed attack ; from the brightness of the moon, they had a most
favourable view of the scene. The governor, with most of the
first people of the place, stood by and saw the whole affair.

At length, about midnight,- we saw the boats in motion, (our crew
having laid at their quarters during the whole of this interval.)
They came on in one direct line, keeping in close order ; and we
plainly counted twelve boats. As soon as they came within
proper distance we opened our fire, which was warmly returned
from the enemy's carronades and small arms. The discharge
from our Long Tom rather staggered them ; but soon reconnoit-
ering, they gave three cheers, and came on most spiritedly ; in
a moment they succeeded in gaining our bow and starboard quar-
ter, and the word was board. Our great guns now becoming use-
less, we attacked them sword in hand, together with our pikes,
pistols, and musketry, from which our lads poured on them a
most destructive fire. The enemy made frequent and repeated
attempts to gain our decks, but were repulsed at all times, and
at all points, with the greatest slaughter. About the middle
of the action I received the intelligence of the death of my
second lieutenant ; and soon after of the third lieutenant being
badly wounded. From this, and other causes, I found our fire had
much slackened on the forecastle ; and, fearful of the event, I
instantly rallied the whole of our after division, who had been
bravely defending, and now had succeeded in beating the boats off
the quarters. They gave a shout, rushed forward, opened a fresh
fire, and soon after decided the conflict, which terminated in the
total defeat of the enemy, and the loss of many of their boats ;
two of which, belonging to the Rota, we took possession of,
literally loaded with their own dead. Seventeen only escaped
from them both, who swam to the shore. In another boat under
our quarter, commanded by one of the lieutenants of the Plan-
tagenet, all were killed saving four. This I have from the lieu-
tenant himself, who further told me that he jumped overboard to
save his own life.

The duration of this action was about 40 minutes. Our decks
were now found in much confusion, our Long Tom dismounted,
and several of our carriages broken ; many of our crew having
left the vessel, and others disabled. Under these circumstances,
however, we succeeded in getting Long Tom in his birth, and the
decks cleared in sort for a fresh action, should the enemy attack
us again before day-light. About 3 A. M. I received a message
from" the American consul, requesting to see me on shore, where
he informed me the governor had sept a note to captain Lloyd,
begging him to desist from further hostilities. To which captain
Lloyd sent for answer, that he was determined to have the priva

446

teer at the risk of knocking down the whole town j and that if
the o-overnor suffered the Americans to injure the privateer in any
manner, he should consider the place an enemy's port, and treat
it accordingly. Finding this to be the case, I considered all hopes
of saving our vessel to be at an end. I therefore went on board,
and ordered all our wounded and dead to be taken on shore, and
the crew to save their effects as fast as possible. Soon after this
it became day-light, when the enemy's brig stood close in, and
commenced a heavy fire on us with all her force. After several
broadsides she hauled off, having received a shot in her hull, her
rigging much cut, and her fore-top mast wounded ; (of this I was
informed by the British consul.) She soon after came in again,
and anchored close to the privateer. I then ordered the Arm-
strong to be scuttled, to prevent the enemy from getting her off.
She was soon after boarded by the enemy's boats, and set on fire,
which soon completed her destruction.

They have destroyed a number of houses in the town, and
bounded some of the inhabitants.

By what I have been able to learn from the British consul and
officers of the fleet, it appears there were about 400 officers and
men in the last attack by the boats, of which 120 were killed and
about 130 wounded. Captain Lloyd, I am toldby the British con-
sul, is badly wounded in the leg ; a jury of surgeons had
been held, who gave it as their opinion, that amputation would be
necessary to insure his life. 'Tis said, however, that the wound
was occasioned by an o.v treading; on him. The fleet has remain-
ed here about a week, during which they have been principally
employed in burying their dead and taking care of their wound-
ed.

Three days after the action they were joined by the ship Thais

and brig Calypso (two sloops of war ; ) they were immediately

taken into requisition by captain Lloyd, to take home the wounded

men. The Calypso sailed for England with part of the wounded

on the 2d instant, among whom was f,the first lieutenant of the

Plantagenet. The Thais sails this evening with the remainder.

Captain Lloyd's fleet sailed to-day, supposed for the West Indies.

The loss on our part, I am happy to say, is comparatively

trifling ; two killed and seven wounded. With regard to my

officers in general, I feel the greatest satisfaction in saying they one

and all fought with the most determined bravery, and to whom I

feel highly indebted for their officer-like conduct during the short

period we were together ; their exertions and bravery deserved a

belter fate.

I here insert, for your inspection, a list of the killed and
wounded.

Kii.i.v.n — M. Alexander 0. Williams, 2d lieutenant, by a mus-
ket ball in the forehead, died instantly; Burton Lloyd* seaman.
do. through the heart do.

44ft

Wounded — Frederick A. Worth, 1st lieutenant, in the right
side ; Robert Johnson, Sd do. left knee ; Razilla Hammond,
quarter master, left arm ; John Piner, seaman, knee ; William
Castle, do. arm ; Nicholas Scalson, do. arm and leg; John Har-
rison, do. hand and face by the explosion of a gun.

Itgives me much pleasure to announce to you that our wounded
are all in a fair way of recovery, through the unremitted care and
attention of our worthy surgeon.

Mr. Dabney, our consul, is a gentleman possessing every feel-
ing of humanity, and to whom the utmost gratitude is due from
us, for his great care of the sick and wounded, and his polite
attention to my officers and myself.

Mr. Williams was a most deserving and promising officer. His
country in him has lost one of its brightest ornaments; and his
death must be sadly lamented by all who knew his worth.

Accompanied with this you will find a copy of my protest, to-
gether with copies of letters written by Mr. Dabney to the gover-
nor of Fayal, our minister at Rio Janeiro, and our Secretary of
State. These letters will develope more fully the circumstances
of this unfortunate affair.

We expect to sail to-morrow in a Portugeuse brig for America
Island, who takes the whole of our crew.

I remain gentlemen, &c.

SAMUEL C. REID.

To the editor of the

Mercantile Advertiser, New Yerk.

BRUTALITY OF THE ENEMY.

Messrs Gales Sr Seaton, . , t, . ,

Having: seen the following publication in the Alexandria
Herald, of the 19th October, with horror, as capping the climax
of atrocity —

« TO THE EDITORS OF THE HERALD.

' G™ iTave no recollection of having seen any account of the
rnnduct of the enemy at Chaptico published in any ol the public
I It fyt are" liberty t£ pubLi ****** «**«*
tetter to a friend, written shortly after that affair. It is a very

mpertect account written in a hurry amidst the bustle of a camp
but contains most of the facts. My name is enclosed, which you
are at liberty to make public, if any respectable person should
deny the truth of the following ^atemenL^ ^ ^rf,

« I passed through Chaptico shortly after the enemy left it and
I am sorry to say that their conduct would hare disgraced canm
57

4&0

bals ; the houses were torn to pieces, the well which afforded
water for the inhabitants \va9 filled up, and, what was still worse,
the church and the ashes of the dead shared an equally bad or
worse fate. Will you believe me when I tell you that the sunken
graves were converted into barbacue holes ? The remaining glass
of the church windows broken, the communion table used as a
dinner table, and then broken to pieces. Bad as the above may
appear, it dwindles into insignificance, when compared with what
follows : the vault was entered and the remains of the dead dis-
turbed. Yes, my friend, the winding sheet was torn from the
body of a lady of the first respectability, and the whole contents
of the vault entirely deranged ! The above facts were witnessed
by hundreds as well as myself, and I am happy to say, that but
one sentiment pervaded our army."

I immediately showed it to g«neral Philip Stuart, lately com-
manding the American troops at that place, who read and de-
clared it strictly true ; that Cockburn was at the head of it;
that they also destroyed the organs ; that judge Key's lady, who
had been last put into the vault, was the person alluded to ; that
her Minding sheet was torn in pieces, and her person wantonly
exposed ; and that his men were exasperated to desperation by
this conduct. You will publish this.

Yours, &c.

ROBERT WRIGHT.
October 19th, 1814.

AFFAIR AT LYON'S CREEK,

General Order.

HEAD QUARTERS OF THE NORTHERN ARMY,

Camp near Fort Erie, October 23d, 1814.

The indisposition of brigadier general Bissell has prevented,
all this morning, his report of the handsome affair which took place
on the 19th, between a detachment of his brigade and a superior
force of the enemy.

The object of the expedition, entrusted to the brigadier, was the
seizure of some provisions, intended for the British troops. He
marched from Black Creek, on the morning of the 18th, with
parts of the 5th, 14th, 15th and 16th infantry, a small party of
dragoons, and a company of riflemen, the whole 900 men. After
driving before them a picket, of which they made the commanding
officer prisoner, they encamped for the night, throwing beyond
Lyon's Creek two light infantry companies, under captain Dor-
man, 5th, and lieutenant Horrell, 16th infantry, and the riflemen
under captain Irvine ; a picket on the Chippewa road, command-
ad by major Gassaway was attacked by two companies of Glen-

451

gary light infantry, which were beaten back with loss. On the
morning of the 19th, the detachment was attacked by a select
corps of the enemy, not less than 1200 strong. The light infan-
try under captain Dorman, and Irvine's riflemen, sustained the
whole Ore ot the enemy, for fifteen minutes, during which time
the 5th and 14th were formed — the 5th was ordered to turn the
enemy's right flank, while the 14th charged them in front. This
was executed in the most gallant manner, by colonel Pinkney of
the 5th, and major Barnard of the 14th, who greatly distinguish-
ed himself by the officer like style, in which he conducted his
battalion. The enemy were compelled to a precipitate retreat*
and hid themselves, once more, behind their fortifications.

General Bissell particularly mentions the skill and intrepidity
of colonel Snelling, inspector general, colonel Pinkney, commancf-
ing the 5th regiment, major Barnard, 14th infantry, major Barker,
45th infantry, acting with the 5th, captain Dorman, captain Alli-
son, whose horse was shot under him, and brigade major, lieuten-
ant Prestman, of the 5th. Lieutenant Anspaugh, of dragoons,
was conspicuous by his alertness in communicating the brigadier
general's orders, during the action. It is with the highest satis-
faction the commanding general tenders, to the brave officers and
troops of the 2d brigade of the right division, his thanks for their
good conduct on this occasion. The firmness of the 15th and 16th
regiments, commanded by colonel Pearce, and who were posted
as a reserve, proved, that had the resistance of the enemy afford-
ed them an opportunity of going into action, they would have
emulated the valor of the 5th and 14th. A number of prisoners
were taken, among whom a picket of dragoons with their horses ;
a large quantity of grain also fell into our hands. The brigadier,
after completing the orders he received, and burying the few of
our brave soldiers who fell in the action, and the dead of the ene-
my, which were left on the ground by the latter, returned to Black
Creek. To the cool and intrepid conduct of brigadier general
Bissell, the general offers the praise he has so justly entitled him-
self to.

By order of major general Izard,

C, K. GARDNER, Mj. Gen. JV, army-

HEAD QUARTERS, SEVENTH MILITARY DISTRICT,

TENSAW, November 14th, 1814.

On last evening I returned from Pensacola to this place. I
reached that post on the evening of the 6th. On my approach I
gent major Pierre with a flag to communicate the object of my
visit to the governor of Pensacola* He approached fort St. George,
with his flag displayed, and was t . 1 on by the cannon from the
foil; ho returned and made soft© me* limmediatri:

452

went with the adjutant general and the major with a 9mall escort,
and viewed the fort, and found it defended by both British and
Spanish troops. I immediately determined to storm the town ;
retired and encamped my troops for the night, and made the ne-
cessary arrangements to carry my determination into effect the
next day.

On the morning of the 7th 1 marched with the effective regulars
of the 3d, 39th, and 44th infantry, part of general Coffee's brigade,
the Mississippi dragoons, and part of the West Tennessee regi-
ment, commanded by lieutenant colonel Hammonds (colonel
Lowry having desired and gone home,) and part of the Choctaws
led by major Blue, of the 39th, and major Kennedy of Mississippi
territory. Being encamped on the west of the town, I calculated
they would expect the assault from that quarter, and be prepared
to rake me from the fort, and the British armed vessels, seven in
number, that lay in the bay. To cherish this idea I sent out part
of the mounted men to show themselves on the west whilst I passed
in rear of the fort undiscovered to the east of the town. When
I appeared within a mile, I was in full view. My pride was ne-
ver more heightened than in viewing the uniform firmness of my
troops, and with what undaunted courage they advanced, with a.
gtrons: fort ready to assail them on the right, seven British armed
vessels on the left, strong block-houses and batteries of cannon
in their front; but they still advanced with unshaken firmness,
entered the town, when a battery of two cannon was opened upon
the centre column, composed of regulars, with ball and grape,
and a shower of musketry from the houses and gardens. The
battery was immediately stormed by captain Lavall and company,
and carried, and the musketry was soon silenced by the steady
and well-directed fire of the regulars.

The governor met colonels Williamson and Smith, who led thr
dismounted volunteers, with a flag, begged for mercy, and surren-
dered the town and fort unconditionally. Mercy was granted
and protection given to the citizens and their property, and still
Spanish treachery kept us out of possession of the fort until nearly
12 o'clock at night.

Never was more cool determined bravery displayed by any
troops; and the Choctaws advanced to the charge with equal
bravery. ,

On the morning of the 8th, I prepared to march and storm the
Barancas, but before I could move, tremendous explosions told
me that the Barancas, with all its appendages, was blown up. 1
despatched a detachment of two hundred men to explore it, who
returned in the night with the information that it was blown up,
all the combustible parts burnt, the cannon spiked and dismount-
ed, except two. This being (lie case, I determined to withdraw
my troops, but before I did, I had the pleasure to see the British
depart. Colonel Nicholls ftl led the fort on the night of the

433

6th, and betook himself to his shipping, with his friend captain
Woodbine, and their red friends.

The steady firmness of my troops has drawn a just respect
from our enemies. It has convinced the Red Sticks that they have
no strong hold or protection, only in the friendship of the United
States. The good order and conduct of my troops, whilst in
Pensacola, has convinced the Spaniards of our friendship and our
prowess, and has drawn from the citizens an expression, that our
Choctaws are more civilized, than the British.

In great haste, I am, &c.

ANDREW JACKSON.
To the Gov. of Tennessee.

CAMP, BELOW NEW ORLEANS, December 27th, 181 1

SIR,

The loss of our gun-boats near the pass of the Rigolets, hav-
ing given the enemy command of lake Borgne, he was enabled to
choose his point of attack. It became, therefore, an object of
importance to obstruct the numerous bayous and canals leading
from that lake to the highland on the Mississippi. This import-
ant service was committed, in the first instance, to a detachment
of the 7th regiment, afterwards to oolonel De Laronde, of the
Louisiana militia, and lastly, to make 'all sure, to major general
"Villere, commanding the district between the river and the lakes,
and who, being a native of the country, was presumed to be best
acquainted with all those passes. Unfortunately, however, a picket
which the general had established at the mouth of the bayou
Bienvenu, and which, notwithstanding my orders, had been left
unobstructed, was completely surprised, and the enemy penetrated
through a canal leading to his farm, about two leagues below the
city, and succeeded in cutting off a company ,>f militia stationed
there. This intelligence was communicated to me about 12
o'clock of the 23d. My force at this time consisted of parts of
the 7th and 44th regiments, not exceeding six hundred together,
the city militia, a part of general Coffee's brigade of mounted gun
men, and the detached militia from the western division of Ten-
nessee, under the command of major general Carroll. These two
last corps were stationed four miles above the city. Apprehending
a double attack by the way of Chief-Menteur, 1 left general Car
roll's force and the militia of the city posted on the G.mtilly road ;
and at 5 o'clock P. M. marched to meet the enemy, whom I was
resolved to attack in his first position, with major Hind's dragoons,
general Coffee's brigade, parts oi the 7th and 44th regiments, the
uniformed companies of militia, under the comma id of major
Planche, 200 men of colour, chiefly from St. Domingo, raised by
colouel Savary and acting und lie command of major Dagwing,
and a detachmentof arti!" ■ the direction of colonel M'Rea,

with two six pounders, immaud of lieutenant Sp^'

454

Bqt exceeding in all 1500. I arrived near the enemy's encamp-
ment about 7, and immediately made my dispositions for the
attack. His forces amounting, at that time, on land to about
3000, extended half a mile on that river, and in the rear nearly
to the wood. General Coffee was ordered to turn their right,
while with the residue of the force I attacked his strongest posi-
tion on the left near the river. Commodore Patterson having
dropped down the river in the schooner Caroline, was directed to
open a fire upon their camp, which he executed at about half past
seven. This being a signal of attack, general Coffee's men, with
their usual impetuosity, rushed on the enemy's right and entered
their camp, while our right advanced with equal ardour. There
ran be but little doubt, that we should have succeeded on that
occasion with our inferior force, in destroying or capturing the
enemy, had not a thick fog which arose about 8 o'clock, occasion-
ed some confusion among the different corps. Fearing the conse-
quence, under this circumstance, of the further prosecution of a
night attack with troops, then acting together for the first time,
I contented myself with lying on the field that night ; and at four
in the morning, assumed a stronger position, about two miles
nearer the city. At this position I remained encamped, waiting
the arrival of "the Kentucky militia, and other reinforcements. As
the safety of the city will depend on the fate of this army, it must
not be incautiously expos*ed.

In this affair the whole corps under my command, deserve the
greatest credit. The best compliment I can pay to general Coffee
and his brigade, is to say, they have behaved as they have always
done while under my command. The 7th, led by major Pierre,
and 44th, commanded by colonel Ross, distinguished themselves.
The battalion of city militia, commanded by major Planche, real-
ized my anticipations, and behaved like veterans. Savary's vo-
lunteers manifested great bravery : and the company of city rifle-
men having penetrated into the midst of the enemy's camp, were
surrounded, and fought their way out with the greatest heroism,
bringing with them a number of prisoners. The two field pieces
were well served by the officers commanding them.

All my officers in the line did their duty, and I have every rea-
son to be satisfied with the whole of my field and staff". Colonels
Butler and Piatt and major Chotard, by their intrepidity, saved
the artillery. Colonel Haynes was every where that duty or
danger called. I was deprived of the services of one of my aids,
captain Butler, whom I was obliged to station, to his great regret,
in town. Captain Reid, my other aid., and Messrs. Livingston,
Duplis and Davizac, who had volunteered their services, faced
danger wherever it was to be met, and carried my orders with the
utmost promptitude.

We made one major, two subalterns and sixty-three privates
prisoners ; and the enemy's loss in killed and wounded must have
been at least • My c I have not as yet been able

4BS

to ascertain with exactness, but suppose it to amount to 100 in
killed, wounded, and missing. Among the former, I hare to la-
ment the loss of colonel Lauderdale, of general Coffee's brigade,
who fell while bravely fighting. Colonels Dyer and Gibson, of
the same corps, were wounded, and major Kavenaugh taken pri-
soner.

Colonel De Laronde, major Villere, of the Louisiana militia,
major Latour, of engineers, having no command, volunteered
their services, as did doctors Kerr and Hood, and were of great
assistance to me.

I have the honour to be, &c.

ANDREW JACKSON.

Hon. James Monroe,

acting' Secretary of War,

HEAD QUARTERS, 7th MILITARY DISTRICT,

Camp below New Orleans, December 29th, 1814.

SIR,

The enemy succeeded on the 27th, in blowing up the Caro-
line, (she being becalmed) by means of hot shot from a land bat-
tery which he had erected in the night. Emboldened by this
event, he marched his whole force the next day, up the level, in
the hope of driving us from our position, and with this view open-
ed upon us, at the distance of about half a mile, his bombs and
rockets. He was rapulsed, however, with considerable loss — not
less, it is believed, than 120 in killed, Ours was inconsiderable,
not e :ceeding half a dozen in killed, and a dozen wounded.

Since tnen, he has not ventured to repeat his attempt, though
lying close together. There has been frequent skirmishing be-
tween our pickets.

I lament that I have not the means of carrying on more offen-
sive operations. The Kentucky troops have not arrived, and my
effective force at this point, does not exceed 3000. T/teirsmust
be at least double — both prisoners and deserters agreeing in the
statement that 7000 landed from their boats.

I have the honour to be, &c.

ANDREW JACKSON,
The Hon. Secretary of War.

CAMP, FOUR MILES BELOW NEW ORLEANS.

January 9th, 1815.

SIR,

During the days of the 6th and 7th, the enemy had been
actively employed in making preparations for an attack on my
lines. With infinite labour they had succeeded on the night of
the 7th, in getting their boats across from the lake to the river,
by widening and deepening the canal on which they had effected

456

their disembarkation. It had not been in my power to impede
these operations by a general attack : added to other reasons, the
nature of the troops under my command, mostly militia, rendered
it too hazardous to attempt extensive offensive movements in an
open country, against a numerous and well disciplined army. Al-
though my forces, as to number, had been increased by the arrival
of the Kentucky division, my strength had received very littlo
addition ; a small portion only of that detachment being provided
with arms. Compelled thus to wait the attack of the enemy, I
took every measure to repel it when it should be made, and to
defeat the object he had in view. General Morgan, with the New
Orleans contingent, the Louisiana militia, and a strong detach-
ment of the Kentucky troops, occupied an entrenched camp on
the opposite side of the river, protected by strong batteries on the
bank, erected and superintended by commodore Patterson.

In my encampment every' thing was ready for action, when,
early in the morning of the 8th, the enemy after throwing a heavy
shower of bombs and congreve rockets, advanced their columns
on my right and left, to storm my entrenchments. I cannot
speak sufficiently in praise of the firmness and deliberation with
which my whole line received their approach — mure could not
have been expected from veterans inured to war. For an hour
the fire of the small arms was as incessant and severe as can be
imagined. The artillery, too, directed by officers who displayed
equal skill and courage, did great execution. Yet the columns
of the enemy continued to advance with a firmness which reflects
upon them the greatest credit. Twice the column which approach-
ed me on my left, was repulsed by the troops of general Car-
roll, those of general Coffee, and a division of the Kentucky
militia, and twice they formed again and renewed the assault. At
length, however, cut to pieces, they fled in confusion from the field,
leaving it covered with their dead and wounded. The loss which
the enemy sustained on this occasion, cannot be estimated at less
than 1500 in killed, wounded and prisoners. Upwards of three
hundred have already been delivered over for burial j and my
men are still engaged in picking them up within my lines and
carrying them to the point where the enemy are to receive them.
This is in addition to the dead and wounded whom the enemy
have been enabled to carry from the field, during and since the
action, and to those who have since died of the wounds they
received. We have taken about 500 prisoners, upwards of 300
of whom are wounded, and a great part of them mortally. My
loss has not exceeded, and I believe has not amounted to, 10 kil-
led and as many wounded. The entire destruction of the ene-
my's army was now inevitable, had it not been for an unfortunate
occurrence which at this moment took place on the other side of
the river. Simultaneously with his advance upon my lines, he
had thrown over in his boats a considerable force to the other side
of the river. These having landed, were hardy enough to advance

457

against the works of general Morgan; and what is strange and
difficult to account for, at the very moment when their entire dis-
comfiture was looked for with a confidence approaching to cer-
tainty, the Kentucky reinforcements ingloriously fled, drawing
after them, by their example, the remainder of the forces ; and
thus yielding to the enemy that most fortunate position. The
batteries which had rendered me for many days, the most import-
ant service, though bravely defended, were of course now aban-
doned ; not, however, until the guns had been spiked.

This unfortunate route had totally changed the aspect of af-
fairs. Tiie enemy now occupied a position from which they
might annoy us without hazard, and by means of which, they
might have been enabled to defeat, in a great measure, the effect
of our success on this side the river. It became, therefore, an
object of the first consequence to dislodge him as soon as possi-
ble. For this object, all the means in my power, which I could
with any safety use, were immediately put in preparation*
Perhaps, however, it was somewhat owing to another cause that I
succeeded beyond my expectations. In negotiating the terms of
a temporary suspension of hostilities to enable the enemy to bury
their dead and provide for their wounded, I had required certain
propositions to be acceded to as a basis ; among which, this was
one : that although hostilities should cease on this side the river
until 12 o'clock of this day, yet it was not to be understood that
they should cease on the other side; but that no reinforcements
should be sent across by either army until the expiration of that
day. His excellency major general Lambert begged time to con-
sider of those propositions until 10 o'clock of to-day, and in the
mean time re-crossed his troops. I need not tell you with how
much eagerness I immediately regained possession of the position
he had thus hastily quitted.

The enemy having concentrated his forces, may again attempt
to drive me from my position by storm. Whenever he does, I
have no doubt my men will act with their usual firmness, and
sustain a character now become dear to them.

I have the honour to be, &c.

ANDREW JACKSON,
Hon. Secretary of War.

CAMP BELOW NEW ORLEANS, January 10th, 1815.

SIR

I have the honour to make the following report of the killed,
Mounded, and prisoners, taken at the battle at Larond's planta-
tion, on the left bank of the Mississippi, on the night of the 23d
December, 1814, seven miles below New Orleans.

Killed— left on the field of battle— 100

Mounded— left on the field of battle— 230

45S

Prisoners taken—One major, 2 lieutenants, 1 midshipman,
66 non-commissioned officers and privates, making a grand total
of 400. & &

I have the honour to be, &c.

A. P. HAYNE, Itispct. Gen.
Major general Andrew Jackson.

HEAD QUARTERS, CAMP, 4 MILES BELOW NEW ORLEANS,

January 13th, 1815.

SIR,

At such a crisis, I conceive it my duty to keep you con-
stantly advised of my situation.

On the 1 Oth instant I forwarded you an account of the bold at-
tempt made by the enemy, on the morning of the 8th, to take
possession of my works by storm, and of the severe repulse which
lie met with. That report having been sent by the mail which
crosses the lake, may possibly have miscarried ; for which reason,
I think it the more necessary briefly to repeat the substance of it.
Early on the morning of the 8th, the enemy having been ac-
tively employed the two preceding davs in making preparations
for a storm, advanced in two strong columns on my right and left.
They were received, however, with a firmness which it seems they
little expected, and which defeated all their hopes. My men,
undisturbed by their approach, which indeed they long anxiously
wished for, opened upon them a fire so deliberate and certain, as
rendered their scaling ladders and fascines, as well as their more
direct implements of warfare, perfectly useless. For upwards of
an hour, it was continued with a briskness of which there have
been but few instances, perhaps in any country. In justice to
the enemy, it must be said, they withstood it as long as could be
expected from the most determined bravery. At length, however,
when all prospect of success became hopeless, they fled in con-
fusion from the field, leaving it covered with their dead and
wounded. Their loss was immense. I had at first computed it
at 1500; but it is since ascertained to have been much greater.
Upon information, which is believed to be correct, colonel Haynes,
the inspector general, reports it to be in total 2600. His report
I enclose you. My loss was inconsiderable, being only seven
killed and six wounded. Such a disproportion in loss, when we
consider the number and kind of troops engaged, must, I know,
excite astonishment, and may not every where be fully credited ;
yet I am perfectly satisfied that the account is not exaggerated on
the one part, nor underrated on the other.

The enemy having hastily quitted a post which they had gained
possession of on the other side of the river, and we having im-
mediately returned to it, both armies at present occupy their for-
mer positions. "Whether, after the severe losses he has sustained,
he is preparing to return to his shipping, or to make still mightier

459

efforts to attain his first object, I do not pretend to determine.
It becomes me to act as though the latter were his intention. One
thing, however, seems certain, that if he still calculates on effect-
ing what he has hitherto been unable to accomplish, he must ex-
pect considerable reinforcements ; as the force with which he
janded must undoubtedly be diminished by at least 3000. Be-
sides the loss which he sustained on the night of the 23d ultimo,
which is estimated at 400, he cannot have suffered less between that
period and the morning of the 18th instant than 3000 — having,
within that time, been repulsed in two general attempts to drive
us from our position, and there having been continual cannonad-
ing and skirmishing, during the whole of it. Yet he is still able
to show a very formidable force.

There is little doubt that the commanding general, sir Edward
Packenham, was killed in the action of the 8th, and that major
generals Keane and Gibbs were badly wounded.

Whenever a more leisure moment shall occur, I will take the
liberty to make and forward you a more circumstantial account
of the several actions, and particularly that of the 8th ; in doing
which my ehief motive will be to render justice to those brave
men I have the honour to command, and who have so remarkably
distinguished themselves.

I have the honour to be, &c.

ANDREW JACKSON.
Hon. Secretary of War.

CAMP BELOW NEW ORLEANS, January 13th, 1815.

feIR, , 1 Ml J

I have the honour to make the following report of the killed,
wounded and prisoners, taken at the battle of Mac Prardie's
plantation, on the left bank of the Mississippi, on the morning of
the 8th of January, 1815, and five miles below the city of New
Orleans.

Killed, . ™0

Wounded, 1»400

Prisoners taken— 1 major, 4 captains, 11 lieutenants, 1 en-
sign, 483 camp officers and privates, making a grand total of

I have the honour to be, &c.
A. P. HAYNE, Inspector General
Major General Andrew Jackson.

CAMP BELOW NEW ORLEANS, January 19th, 1815.

SIR

Last night at 12 o'clock, the enemy precipitately decamped
and returned to their boats, leaving behind him, under medical
attendance, eighty of his wounded including two oftcers, 14
pieces of his heavv artillery, and a quantity of shot, having de-

460

stroyed much of hi9 powder. Such was the situation of the
ground he abandoned, and of that through which he retired, pro-
tected by canals, redoubts, entrenchments and swamps on his
right, and the river on his left, that £ could not, without encoun-
tering a risk which true policy did not seem to require, or to
authorize, attempt to annoy him much on his retreat. We took
only eight prisoners.

"Whether it is the purpose of the enemy to abandon the expe •
dition altogether, or renew his efforts at some other point, I do
not pretend to determine with positiveness. In my own mind, how
ever, there is but little doubt, that his last exertions have been
made in this quarter, at any rate for the present season, and by
the next I hope we shall be fully prepared for him. In this belief
I am strengthened not only by the prodigious loss he has sustained
at the position he has just quitted, but by the failure of his fleet
to pass fort St. Philip.

His loss on this ground, since the debarkation of his troops, as
stated by the last prisoners and deserters, and as confirmed by
many additional circumstances, must have exceeded four thou-
sand ; and was greater in the action of the 8th than was estimated,
from the most correct data then in his possession, by the inspec-
tor general, whose report has been forwarded to you. We suc-
ceeded, on the 8th, in getting from the enemy about 1000 stand
of arms of various descriptions.

Since the action of the 8th, the enemy have been allowed very
little respite — my artillery from both sides of the riverj|being con-
stantly employed, till the night, and indeed until the hour of their
retreat, in annoying them. No doubt they thought it quite time
to quit a position in which so little rest could be found.

I am advised by major Overton, who commands at fort St.
Philip, in a letter of the 18th, that the enemy having bombarded his
fort for 8 or 9 days from 13 inch mortars without effect, had, on
the morning of that day, retired. I have little doubt that he
would have been able to have sunk their vessels had they attempt-
ed to run by.

Giving the proper weight to all these considerations, I believe
you will not think me too sanguine in the belief that Louisiana is
now clear of its enemy. I hope, however, I need not assure you,
that wherever I command, such a belief shall never occasion any
relaxation in the measures for resistance. I am but too sensible
that the moment when the enemy is opposing us, is not the most
proper to provide for them.

I have the honour to be, &c.

ANDREW JACKSON.

'J he Secretary of War.

P. S. On the 18th our prisoners on shore were delivered us, an
exchange having been previously agreed to. Those who are on
board the fleet will be delivered at Petit Coquille— -after which I
shall still have in my hands an excess of several hundred.

461

20th— Mr- Shields, purser in the navy, has to-day taken 54
oiisoners; among them are four officers.

A. J.

ft <' port of the American loss in the several actions below New

Orleans.

December 23d, — killed 24 ; wounded 115; missing 74.— Total
:13.

December 28th, — killed 7 ; wounded 8; missing none.— ^Total 15.

January 1st, — killed 11; wounded 23 ; missing none. — Total 34.- *
do. 8th,— do. 13; do. 30; do. 19.— Total 62.

Recapitulation — killed 55 ; wounded 176; missing 93 — Grand
total, 324.

NEW ORLEANS, January 27th, 1815.
SIR,

TUe enemy having retreated, as I had the honour to inform
) ou by my letter of the 2Cth instant, I have the pleasing duty
only of reporting to you, that during the late most eventful strug-
gle for the preservation of this important portion of the United
States, I have received from all the officers whom I have the hon-
our to command, every aid and support which could possibly be
rendered ; they have been exposed to extraordinary hardships,
both by day and night, to all the changes of this unstable clime,
in this inclement season of the year, performing the most ardu-
ous duties on shore, out of the line of their profession, indepen-
dent of their ordinary duties ; and all has been borne and execu-
ted with a cheerfulness and alacrity that reflects upon them the
highest credit ; and that the unwearied exertions of the small
naval force on this station, from the first appearance of the ene-
my, has contributed, in a great degree, to his expulsion, is freely
acknowledged by the gallant general commanding the land for-
ces, and will be, I trust, by all who have witnessed their endea-
vours to effect the end, which has so happily and with so little
loss, been accomplished. It affords me great pleasure to have in
all cases co-operated with the army, to the entire satisfaction of
their commander.

Captain Henley merits my acknowledgments for his unremit-
ted attention to the execution of the various duties committed to
him, particularly the superintendance of the erection of two bat-
teries on the bayou St. John, and one opposite the city. His gal-
lant conduct on the night of the 23d ultimo, as already detailed,
(the fire from the Caroline proving, as I have since learned, truly
destructive to the enemy, and producing disorder, and confusion
In their troops, giving to our army a manifest advantage) and tor
the able assistance I received from him when serving at the ma
rine battery erected by me on the right bank of the river, where
;.- remained till the departure of the enemy.

462

To lieutenant Lewis Alexis, commanding the naval arsenal at
this place, I am greatly indebted for his indefatigable exertions
to furnish the various munitions, &c. which were constantly re-
quired tor the navy, army, and militia, and which were furnished
with a promptitude and correctness that reflect upon him and
those under his immediate command, as named in the accompany-
ing copy of a letter from him, the greatest credit — his services
and merit entitle him to the notice of the department.

Great credit is also due to lieutenant Charles C. B. Thompson,
for his great exertions in fitting his ship for service, with a crew
obtained by coercion from the streets of the city, composed of all
nations, (English excepted) two-thirds of whom could not speak
or understand English, for the spirited fire supported by his ship
on the 28th ultimo, and his continued endeavours to annoy the
enemy when they approached within the range of his guns, his
prompt execution 01 my orders, particularly in landing the guns
from his ship, transporting them to my battery, and his attention
in supplying the battery with ammunition from his ship, in whose
magazine it was deposited. To the accompanying letter from
him, I beg leave to refer for a detailed account of the merits of
his officers, all of whom merit the encomiums passed on them.

Lieutenant Otho Norris, acting lieutenant Crawley, Messrs.
E. Watkins, and J. Pelott, midshipmen, and William Livings-
ton, master's mate, who were stationed at the heavy cannon in
general Jackson's lines, and named in the letter which accom-
panies this, have, by their gallant conduct, reflected upon the na-
vy great credit, and warranted my highest approbation.

Acting lieutenant Thomas S. Cunningham, commanding gun
vessel No. 65, stationed at fort Saint Philip, solicited and obtain-
ed the command of two 32 pounders, which are mounted in the
most exposed situation at that fort, being outside the walls, which
he manned with his crew and rendered great service to the officer
commanding at that post, during the heavy bombardment by the
enemy from the 8th to the 17th instant.

Mr. Thomas Shields, purser of the station, and doctor Robert
Morrell, attached to the marine corps, (who volunteered his ser-
vices in any way they could be useful) and who were sent by me
with a flag of truce to the enemy on the 15th ultimo, supported
with becoming dignity their stations, and commanded from the
enemy that respect which was due to them and their mission,
during their detention by the enemy, prolonged beyond what I could
have possibly expected, and have merited, in a special manner, my
approbation. Of those officers, and Mr. Richard Dealey, sailin
master, whose gallant conduct during their subsequent successfu
expedition, (a detailed account of which you will herewith re-
ceive) reflects upon them the greatest credit, and merits the par-
ticular notice of the department.

Doctor Lewis Heerman, hospital surgeon, who, with my sanc-
tion, volunteered his services to aid the hospital surgeon of the

463

army in the various duties devolving upon him, from the number of
our own sick, and the wounded of the enemy, is thereby, and from
his uniform attention to his professional duties, entitled to my
acknowledgments, as are all the officers of the medical department.
For the particulars of his services, I refer you to the letter to him
which you will herewith receive.

Mr. John K. Smith, navy agent, has, by his unremitted attention
to his department, the promptitude with which he has furnished
articles for both the navy and the army, and procuring me the
funds that were necessary during this period of alarm and confu-
sion, enabled me to carry on my operations in conjunction with
the army against the enemy, and contributed to that success with
which the arms of the United States have been crowned, and will
receive my warmest thanks. His services rendered in camp will
be seen by the enclosed copy of a letter from the commanding
general, of the 19th instant.

To major Carmick, commanding the marine corps on this sta-
tion, I am indebted for the promptness with which my requisitions
on him have been complied with, and the strong desire he has
always manifested to turther, as far as was in his power, my
views.

Mr. R. D. Shepherd, who very handsomely volunteered his ser-
vices to me, and acted as my aid -de-camp, and rendered me very
essential assistance by the uniform promptitude with which he
bore and executed my various orders, merits my warmest ac-
knowledgments.

Mr. J. B. Nevitt, of Natchez, formerly a lieutenant in the
navy, who left his home and proffered to me his services, has ren-
dered me important assistance from his practical knowledge, and
which I acknowledge with much pleasure.

My petty officers, seamen and marines, performed their duties
to my entire satisfaction.

I beg leave, sir, to solicit a confirmation of their present rank,
for the different officers named herein and in the accompanying
letters, acting by appointment, as also for acting lieutenants Spee-
den and M'Keever, and to recommend them all as meriting, in a
special manner, the notice of the department.

I have the honour to be, &c.

DANIEL T. PATTERSON.

Hon. Secretary of the Navy.

Extract of a letter from general Jackson to the Secretary of War.

"HEAD QUARTERS 7th MILITARY DISTRICT,

"New Orleans, February 17th, 1815.

«*I have the honour to enclose you major Overton's report of
the attack of Fort St. Philip, and of the manner in which it wa^
defended.

** The conduct of that officer and of those ay ho acted under him -
merits, I think, great praise. They nailed their own colors to
the standard, and placed those of the enemy underneath them
determined never to surrender the fort."

FORT St. PHILir, January 19th, 1815.

SIR,

On the 1st of the present month, I received the information
that the enemy intended passing this fort, to co-operate with then
land forces, in the subjugation of Louisiana, and the destruction
of New Orleans. To effect this with more facility, they were
first with their heavy bomb vessels to bombard this place into com-
pliance. On the grounds of this information, I turned my atten-
tion to the security of my command. I erected small magazines
in different parts of the garrison, that if one blew up I could re-
sort to another ; built covers for my men to secure them from the
explosion of the shells, and removed the combustible matter with-
out the works. Early in the day of the 8th instant, I was advised
of their approach, and on the 9th, at a quarter past 10 A. M. hove
in sight two bomb vessels, one sloop, one brig and one schooner :
they anchored two and one quarter miles below. At half past 1 }
and at half past 12, they advanced two barges apparently for the
purpose of sounding within one and a half miles of the fort; at
this moment, I ordered my water battery, under the command of
lieutenant Cunningham, of the navy, to open upon them : its well
directed shot caused a precipitate retreat. At half past 3 o'clock
P. M. the enemy's bomb vessels opened their fire from four sea
mortars, two of 13 inches, two of 10, and to my great mortifica-
tion I found they were without the effective range of my shot, as
many subsequent experiments proved; they continued their fire
with little intermission, during the 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th,
15th, 16th and 17th. I occasionally opened my batteries on them
with great vivacity, particularly when they showed a disposition
to change their position.

On the 17th, in the evening, our heavy mortar was said to be-
in readiness. I ordered that excellent officer, captain Wolston-
craft, of the artillerists, who previously had charge of it, to open
a fire, which was done with great effect, as the enemy from that
motion became disordered, and at day light, on the 18th, com-
menced their retreat, after having thrown upwards of a thousand
heavy shells, oesides shells from howitzers, round shot and grape,
which he discharged from boats under cover of the night.

Our loss in this affair has been uncommonly small, owing entire-
ly to the great pains that were taken by the different officers to
keep their men under cover; as the enemy left scarcely ten feet of
this garrison untouched.

The officers and soldiers through this whole affair, although
nine days and night* under arms in the different batteries, the

465

consequent fatigue and loss of sleep, have manifested the great-
est firmness and the most zealous warmth to be at the enemy.
To distinguish individuals would be a delicate task, as merit was
conspicuous every where. Lieutenant Cunningham, of the navy,
who commanded my water battery, with his brave crew, evinced
the most determined bravery and uncommon activity throughout,
and in fact, sir, the only thing to be regretted is that the enemy
was too timid to give us an opportunity of destroying him.
I herewith enclose you a list of the killed and wounded.

I am, sir, very respectfully,

W. H. OVERTON.

Major general Jackson.

Killed 2 and wounded 7 during the bombardment on fort
St. Philip, commencing on the 9th and ending on the 18th Jan-
uary, 1815.

ADDRESS

Of Major General Jackson on the 8th of January, 1815, to the
troops on the right bank of the Mississippi.

"While, by the blessing of heaven, one of the most brilliant-
victories was obtained by the troops under my immediate com-
mand, no words can express the mortification 1 felt, at witnessing
the scene exhibited on the opposite bank.* I will spare your
feelings and my own, nor enter into detail on the subject. To
all who reflect, it must be a cource of eternal regret, that a few
moments' exertion of that courage you certainly possess, was
alone wanting, to have rendered your success more complete
than that of your fellow citizens in this camp. To what cause
was the abandonment of your lines owing ? To fear ? No ! You
are the countrymen, the friends, the brothers of those who have
secured to themselves, by their courage, the gratitude of their
countrv ; who have been prodigal of their blood in its defence,
and who are strangers to any other fear than disgrace. To disaf-
fection to our glorious cause ? No! My countrymen, your general
does justice to the pure sentiments by which you are inspired..
How then could brave men, firm in &e cause m which they are
enrolled, neglect their first duty, and abandon the post committed
to their care^ The want of discipline, the want of order, a total
disregard to obedience, and a spirit of insubordination, not less de-
structive than cowardice itself, are the causes that led to this dis-
aster, and they must be eradicated, or I must cease to command.
I desire to be distinctly understood, that every breach of orders,

* Commodore Patterson and general Morgan at the moment attributed
the disaster to the flight of the Kentucky militia, which proved on investiga-
tion not to be the fact. Had all the circumstances, as they existed, been dre
closed, they wooid not have been reproached by general Jackson,
S9

4G6

all want of discipline, every inattention of duty, will be seriously
and promptly punished ; that the attentive officers, and good sol-
diers, may not be mentioned in the disgrace and danger, which
the negligence of a few may produce. Soldiers ! you want only the
will, in order to emulate the glory of your fellow citizens on this
bank of the river. You have the same motives for action ; the same
interest, the same country to protect ; and you have an addition-
al interest, from past events, to wipe oft' reproach, and show that
you will not be inferior, in the day of trial, to any of your coun-

rymen.

Kut remember ! without obedience, without order, without dis-
cipline, all your efforts are vain. The brave man, 'inattentive to
his duty, is worth little more to his country than the coward who
deserts her in the hour of danger. Private opinions, as to the
competency of officers, must not be indulged, and still less ex-
pressed ; it is impossible that the measures of those who command
should satisfy all who are bound to obey ; and one of the most
dangerous faults in a soldier, is a disposition to criticise and blame
the orders and characters of his superiors. Soldiers ! I know
that many of you have done your duty ; and I trust, in future, I
shall have no reason to make any exception. Officers ! I have the
fullest confidence that you will enforce obedience to your com-
mands ; but, above all, that by subordination in your different
grades, you will set an example to your men ; and that, hereafter,

he army of the right will yield to none, in the essential qualities
which characterize good soldiers; — that they will earn their share
of those honours and rewards, which their country will prepare
for its deliverers.

ANDREW JACKSON,

Major General Commanding.

ADDRESS

Delivered to major general Jlndrew Jackson, by the reverend W.
Dubourg, administrator apostolic of the diocese of Louisiana.

NEW ORLEANS, January 23d, 1815.
General,

While the state of Louisiana, in the joyful transports of her
gratitude, hails you as her deliverer, and the asserter of her me-
naced liberties : while grateful America, so lately wrapped up in
anxious suspense, on the fate of this important city, is re-echoing
from shore to shore your splendid achievements, and preparing to
inscribe your name on her immortal rolls, among those ot her
Washingtons : while history, poetry, and the monumental arts,
will vie in consigning to the latest posterity, a triumph perhaps
unparalleled in their records : while thus raised, by universal ac-
clamation, to the very pinnacle of fame, how easy had it been for

467

you, general, to forget the prime mover of your wonderful sue
cesses, and to assume to yourself a praise, which must eventually
return to that exalted source, whence every merit is derived.
But better acquainted with the nature of true glory, and justly
placing the summit of your ambition, in approving yourself the
worthy instrument of Heaven's merciful designs, the nrst impulse
of your religious heart was to acknowledge the signal interposi-
tion of providence — your first step, a solemn display of your hum-
ble sense of his favours.

Still agitated at the remembrance of those dreadful agonies,
from which we have been so miraculously rescued, it is our pride
to acknowledge, that the Almighty has truly had the principal
hand in our deliverance, and, to follow you, general, in attributing
to his infinite goodness, the homage of our unfeigned gratitude.
Let the infatuated votary of a blind chance deride our credulous
simplicity; let the cold hearted atheist look for the explanation
of important events, to the mere concatenation of human causes ;
to us, the whole universe is loud in proclaiming a Supreme Ru-
ler, who, as he holds the hearts of man in his hands, holds also the
thread of all contingent occurrences. " Whatever be his inter-
mediate agents," says an illustrious prelate, " still on the secret
orders of his all-ruling providence, depend the rise, and prosper-
ity/'as well as the decline and downfal of empires. From his
lofty throne, he moves every scene below, now curbing, now let-
ting loose, the passions of men ; now infusing his own wisdom
into the leaders of nations ; now confounding their boasted pru-
dence, and spreading upon their councils a spirit of intoxication ;
and thus executing his uncontrollable judgments on the sons of
men, according to the dictates of his own unerring justice."

To him therefore, our most fervent thanks are due, for our un-
expected late rescue. It is him we intend to praise, when consi-
dering you, general, as the man of his right hand, whom he has
takenpains to fit out for the important commission of our defence.
We extol that fecundity of genius, by which, under the most , dis-
couraging distress, vou created unforeseen resources, raised, as
itwei^e, from the ground, hosts of intrepid warriors, and pro-
vided every vulnerable point with ample means of defence, lo
him we trace that instinctive superiority of mind, which at
once rallied around your universal confidence; impressed one
irresistible movement to all the jarring elements of which this
political machine is composed; aroused their slumbering spirits,
and diffused through every rank the noble ardour which glowed
in your own bosom. To him, in fine, we address our acknowledg-
ments for that consummate prudence, which defeated all the
combinations of a sagacious enemy, entangled him in the very
snares which he had spread for us, and succeeded in effecting his
utter destruction, without exposing the lives ;of our citizens, im-
mortal thanks be to his Supreme Majesty, for sending us such an
instrument of his bountiful designs ! A gift of that value is the

468

best token of the continuance of his protection — the most solid
encouragement to sue for new favours. The first which it em-
boldens us humbly to supplicate, as nearest our throbbing hearts,
is that you may long enjoy the honour of your grateful country;
of which you will permit us to present you a pledge, in this wreath
of laurel, the prize of victory, the symbol of immortality. The
next is a speedy and honourable termination of the bloody con-
test, in which we are engaged. No one has so efficaciously labour-
ed as you, general, for the acceleration of that blissful period :
may we soon reap that sweetest fruit of your splendid and unin-
terrupted victories.

GENERAL JACKSON'S REPLY.

Reverend Sir,

I receive, with gratitude and pleasure, the symbolical crown,
which piety has prepared. I receive it in the name of the brave
men who have so effectually seconded my exertions ; they will
deserve the laurels which their country will bestow. For myself,
to have been instrumental in the deliverance of such a country,
is the greatest blessing that Heaven could confer. That it has
been effected with so little loss — that so few should cloud the
smiles of our triumph, and not a cypress leaf be interwoven in the
wreath which you present, is a source of the most exquisite plea-
sure.

I thank you, reverend sir, most sincerely, for the prayers which
you offer up for my happiness. May those your patriotism dic-
tates, for our beloved country, be first heard; and may mine for
your individual prosperity, as well as that of the congregation
committed to your care, be favourably received — the prosperity,
wealth, and happiness of this city, will then be commensurate
with the courage and other qualities of its inhabitants.

NEW ORLEANS, March 20th, 1815.
SIR,

I have the honour, agreeably to your request, to state to your
excellency, in writing, the substance of a conversation that oc-
curred between quarter master Perrie of the British army, and
myself, on the 11th instant, on board his Britannic majesty's ship
Herald. Quarter master Perrie observed, that the commanding
officers of the British forces were daily in the receipt of every
information from New Orleans, which they might require, in aid
of their operations, for the completion of the objects of the ex-
pedition ; that they were perfectly acquainted with the situation
of every part of our forces, the manner in which the same was-
situated, the number of our fortifications, their strength, position,
&c. As to the battery on the left bank of the Mississippi, he
described its situation, its distance from the main post, and

4<59

promptly offered me a plan of the works. He furthermore stated,
that the above information was received from seven or eight per-
*ons in the city of New Orleans, from whom he could, at any hour,
procure every information necessary to promote his majesty's
interest.

I have the honour to be, &c.

CHARLES K. BLANC HARD.
To Major General Jackson.

GENERAL JACKSON'S Farewell address to his army.

The major general is at length enabled to perform the pleasing
task of restoring to Tennessee, Kentucky, Louisiana, and the
territory of the Mississippi, the brave troops who have acted such
a distinguished part in the war which has just terminated. In
restoring these brave men to their homes, much exertion is expect-
ed of, and great responsibility imposed on, the commanding officers
©f the different corps. It is required of major generals Carroll
and Thomas, and brigadier general Coffee, to march their com-
mands, without unnecessary delay, to their respective states. The
troops from the Mississippi territory and state of Louisiana, both
militia and volunteers, will be immediately mustered out of service,
paid, and discharged.

The major general has the satisfaction of announcing the appro-
bation of the President of the United States to the conduct of the
troops under his command, expressed, in flattering terms, through
the honourable the Secretary of War.

In parting with those brave men, whose destinies have been so
long united with his own, and in whose labors and glories it is his
happiness and his boast to have participated, the commanding
general can neither suppress his feelings, nor give utterance to
them as he ought. In what terms can he bestow suitable praise
on merit so extraordinary, so unparalleled? Let him, in one
burst of joy, gratitude, and exultation, exclaim, " These are the
saviours of their country ; these the patriot soldiers, who triumph-
ed over the invincibles of Wellington, and conquered the con-
querors of Europe !" With what patience did you submit to
privations— with what fortitude did you endure fatigue— what
valor did you display in the day of battle ! You have secured to
America a proud name among the nations of the earth ; a glory
which will never perish. . .

Possessing those dispositions which equally adorn the citi7.cn
and the soldier, the expectations of your country will be met in
peace, as her wishes have been gratified in war. Go, then, my
brave companions, to your homes; to those tender connexions,
and blissful scenes, which render life so dear— full of honour, ami
rrovvned with laurels that will never fade. When participating

170

in the bosoms of your families, the enjoyment of peaceful life, with
what happiness will you not look back to the toils you have borne —
to the dangers you have encountered ? How will all your past
exposures be converted into sources of inexpressible delight i
Who, that never experienced your sufferings, will be able to ap-

Sreciate your joys ? The man who slumbered ingloriously at home,
uring your painful marches, your nights of watchfulness, and
your days of toil, will envy you the happiness which these recol-
lections will afford ; still more will he envy the gratitude of that
country, which you have so eminently contributed to save.

Continue, fellow-soldiers, on your passage to your several des-
tinations, to preserve that subordination, that dignified and manly
deportment, which have so ennobled your character.

While the commanding general is thus giving indulgence to his
feelings, towards those brave companions, who accompanied him
through difficulties and danger, he cannot permit the names of
Blount, and Shelby, and Holmes, to pass unnoticed. With
what generous ardour and patriotism have these distinguished go-
vernors contributed all their exertions, to provide the means of
victory ! The recollection of their exertions, and of the success
which has resulted, will be to them a reward more grateful than
any which the pomp of title, or the splendour of wealth, can
bestow.

What happiness it is to the commanding general, that, while
danger was before him, he was, on no occasion, compelled to use,
towards his companions in arms, either severity or rebuke. If,
after the enemy had retired, improper passions began their empire
in a few unworthy bosoms, and rendered a resort to energetic
measures necessary for their suppression, he has not confounded
the innocent with the guilty — the seduced with the seducers.
Towards you, fellow-soldiers, the most cheering recollections exist,
blended, alas! with regret, that disease and war should have ra-
vished from us so many worthy companions. But the memory of
the cause in which they perished, and of the virtues which anima-
ted them while living, must occupy the place where sorrow would
claim to dwell.

Farewell, fellow-soldiers. The expression of your general's
thanks is feeble ; but the gratitude of a country of freemen is
yours — yours the applause of an admiring world.

ANDREW JACKSON,
Major General Commanding.
Afea> Orleans, March, 1815.

AFFAIR AT POINT PETRE.

POINT PETRE, GEORGIA, January 10th, 1815.
SIR,

The collector having informed me he was about to despatch
an express to Savannah immediately, I avail myself of a few mo

471

ments allowed me to apprize you of the movements of the enemy.
It has just been reported that he has effected a landing on the north
point of Cumberland. A frigate is at anchor off that point. As my
order contemplate a retreat, I have thought it best to prepare in
time, and to direct the assistant deputy quarter master general to
remove the most of the provisions (of which we have a large sup-
ply) together with all the ammunition except what shall be neces-
sary for immediate defence of the battery, and troops under march-
ing orders, to a safe point near St. MaryV But I hope to have
it in my power to give the enemy a brush before I leave the
ground. I have had an interview with colonel Scott of the Geor-
gia militia. He promises, in the event of an attack of my post,
to co-operate. I advised him to take post at Sweet Water branch,
should the enemy attack me in my rear. This will place him
between two fires. Colonel Scott thinks he can bring two hun-
dred men with him ; if so, we shall do something.

Very respectfully, &c.
A. A. MASSIAS, Capt. U. S. Rifle Corps,

comdg. U. S. forces near St. Mary's.
Brigadier general Floyd.

KING'S BAY, 12 O'CLOCK, January- 11th, 1815.

SIR,

I deem it expedient to apprize you of the movements of the
enemy, by express. They effected a landing on the north point of
Cumberland Island this morning. This moment two divisions,
with nineteen barges, attended by two look-out boats in front, and
flanked by two large boats mounting one gun each, are passing
within my view. At first they discovered a disposition towards
King's Bay ; but ascertaining we were prepared to receive them,
they altered their course and took the Plumb Orchard passage,
keeping Cumberland close aboard. The first division effected its
landing at Plumb Orchard, the second at first shewed a disposition
towards the point. The officer left in charge of the battery (at
the point) was ordered to be on the look out and not to let him
approach with impunity, which it appears he promptly obeyed.
One of the enemy's barges went out of line in chase of a boat
making its retreat towards St. Mary's, but on receiving a shot
from along eighteen which came rather too near him, he gave up
the chase.

A. A. MASSIAS.
Brigadier general Floyd.

POINT PETRE, 3 O'CLOCK, P. M. January 11th, 1815

We are now against the Point. Sixteen of the enemy's barges
«f the largest size have passed to Dunginess and have landed. I

472

compute his force to be about fifteen hundred white and black.
Their fleet is now beating off and on St. Andrew's bar, at which
end they came in.

It was my intention at first to receive them at Cabin Bluff with
riflemen. This could have been done with much advantage, but
it seems they were apprized of our intention, and altered their
course for the other side and took the Plumb Orchard passage.

We are now at the point, and on the alert, waiting an attack,
which I expect momently. I shall do my best in the event of a
retreat. The assistant deputy quarter master general has been
ordered to place a supply of ammunition and provisions at a post
in my rear (selected by myself.) The men have always four
days' provisions in advance (cooked and in their havresacks) and
ready to move to any point at a moment's warning. I have the
pleasure to anticipate the best of conduct from the officers and
men under my command* Though few, they are well chosen ;
they discover great eagerness for battle. They behaved well this
morning in preparing to receive the enemy at King's Bay.

Very respectfullv, &c.

A. A. MASSIAS,
comdg. U. S. troops, St. Mary's station
Brigadier general Floyd.

SWEET WATER BRANCH, January 13th, 1815.

SIR,

The enemy moved against Point Petre this morning, at half
p3st 7 o'clock, with his whole force (about fifteen hundred.) ?His
operations were simultaneous. At an early hour this morning I
received information of his approach on my picket, near major
Johnson's, about four and a half miles from this point, with about
eight hundred to a thousand men, a rocket machine, and two pieces
of artillery: aware of his intentions to place himself in my rear,
while he at the same moment was advancing in considerable force
in front (about six hundred) to attack the battery at Point Petre
(on the St. Mary's) with an evident view to cut oft* my retreat; I
accordingly made the following disposition of my brave little force.
I ordered captain Stallings to remain at the. point, with about
thirty-six effectives, with order3 to defend it as long as possible,
and if overpowered, to spike the guns, fire the train (already pre-
pared at the magazine and works) and retreat to me, with the
remainder, (about 80 men, riflemen and infantry.) I moved out
against the main force in the rear, determined to oppose his pas-
sage to the point, at a narrow defile near major King's, and make
good our retreat (if it should be found necessary) at all hazards.
At about 9 o'clock we came up with the defile, near major King's
and Johnson's ; it is flanked by a deep marsh on each side, and has
a complete cover for riflemen (in a thick live oak underwood) on
the right and left ; the evening previous (at a late hour) I had

473

caused some large trees to be fallen and placed across the defile
in several places, with a view to obstruct his passage as* much as
possible. As we entered the defile at one end, the enemy did so
at the other. It was my intention (if possible) to gain the cross
roads near Major King's ; but finding myself stopped, I ordered
1st lieutenant Holt, of the 43d infantry, with a detachment of
riflemen, to advance and gain the thicket on the enemy's left ; at
the same time 1st lieutenant Harlee, of the 1st rifle regiment,
with another detachment of riflemen, was ordered to take post in
the thicket on their right, and to be in readiness to pass the
thicket in the enemy's rear : this order was promptly obeyed,
Captain Tattnall, of the 43 infantry, who was with me with the re-
mainder (infantry) was ordered to advance in close column and
pass the defile. At this moment the enemy's bugle sounded, when
a brisk fire commenced on both sides, the riflemen on the right and
left keeping a deadly fire on the enemy, who was in close column ;
we had already passed the defile some distance, and the enemy
had given way twice, when captain Tatnall, who stood near me,
received a severe wound which obliged him to retire. This pro-
duced a momentary pause, when the enemy, being encouraged,
pressed forward, but was received with unequalled firmness by
the infantry and riflemen with me. By the absence of captain
Tatnall, his platoon became in charge of a serjeant(BensonJ from
•whom 1 received unexampled support. But alas ! our efforts were
unavailing, the number of the enemy too imposing, a thousand to
eighty was too much odds : and finding it impossible to maintain
my position, and believing the battery to be in the hands of the
enemy, (as three signal guns had been fired) it was with reluct-
tauce I ordered a retreat, and which I am happy to state was
effected in good order.

We took the path to Mrs. Gordon's plantation on the North
River, at which point I had (in the event of my not being able to
maintain myself in my position or pass by major King's,) previ-
ously secured a large boat ; but this was by some one taken away.
I had then but one resource left to pass the North River (at mil-
ler's Bluff) in a paddling canoe ; upon which orders were sent to
captain Stallings to retreat to me, which he promptly obeyed ; the
enemy following close in his rear. I have nevertheless the plea-
sure to state we effected the retreat without the loss of a man.
While I lament the necessity of informing you of the loss of the
battery at Point Petre, I console myself with the consciousness ot
having done my best for its preservation, and of being peculi-
arly fortunate in making good a retreat by many considered im-

The enemy's loss must have been considerable. The defile
was covered with blood. It is reported an officer of distinction,
wearing a pair of gold epaulets, was among their slain. Uur loss
was very inconsiderable, as will appear by the report annexed to

474

this ; and I have reason to hope that some of our men who were
missing will yet join.

I should not do justice to the gentlemen I had the honour to
command, did I not say they all performed prodigies, beyond rea-
sonable expectation ; they were equally brave. But if I may be
allowed to discriminate and to recommend any to your particular
notice and attention, it would be captain E. T.Tatnall, of the 43d
infantry. He was conspicuous in every act, and gave me the
utmost support.

I cannot but consider my little band highly complimented by
the number of the enemy thought necessary to bring against them.

Very respectfully, &c.
A. A. MASSIAS, Capt.
Comdg. U. S. forces, near St. Mary's, Geo.
Brig. Gen. Flcwd.

In this affair there was 1 killed, 4 wounded, and 9 missing.

GENERAL JACKSON'S ADDRESS,

Read at the head of each of the corps composing the line below
New Orleans, January 2lst, 1815.

Citizens and Fellow Soldiers,

The enemy has retreated, and your general has now leisure
to proclaim to the world what he has noticed with admiration and
pride — your undaunted courage, your patriotism, and patience
under hardships and fatigues. Natives of different states, acting
together for the first time in this camp, differing in habits and in
language, instead of viewing in these circumstances the germ of
distrust and division, you have made them a source of honourable
emulation, and from the seeds of discord itself, have reaped the
fruits of an honourable union. This day completes the fourth
week since fifteen hundred of you attacked treble your number
of men, who had boasted of their discipline, and their services
under a celebrated leader in a long ami eventful war — attacked
them in their camp the moment they had profaned the soil of
freedom with their hostile tread, and inflicted a blow which was
a prelude to the final result of their attempt to conquer, or their
poor contrivances to divide us. A few hours was sufficient to
unite the gallant band, though at the moment they received the
welcome order to march, they were separated many leagues in
different directions from the city. The gay rapidity of the march,
the cheerful countenances of the officers and men, would have
induced a belief that some festive entertainment, not the strife
of battle, was the object to which they hastened with so much ea-
gerness and hilarity. In the conflict that ensued, the same spirit
was supported, and my communications to the executive of the
United States have testified the sense L have entertained of the

475

merits of the corps and officers that were engaged. Resting on
the field of battle, they retired in perfect order on the next morn-
ing to these lines, destined to become the scene of future victo-
ries, which they were to share with the rest of you, my brave
companions in arms. Scarcely were your lines a protection against
musket shot, when, on the 28th, a disposition was made to attack
them with all the pomp and parade of military tactics, as improv-
ed by those veterans cf the Spanish war.

Their batteries of heavy cannon kept up an incessant fire ;
their rockets illumined the air, and under their cover two strong
columns threatened our flanks. The foe insolently thought that
this spectacle was too imposing to be resisted, and in the intoxi-
cation of his pride he already saw our lines abandoned without a
contest — how were those menacing appearances met? By shouts
of defiance, by a manly countenance not to be shaken by the roar
of his cannon, by the glare of his fire work rockets ; by an artil-
lery served with superior skill and with deadly effect. Never,
my brave friends, can your general forget the testimonials of at-
tachment to our glorious cause, of indignant hatred to our foe,
of affectionate confidence in your chief, that resounded from every
rank as he passed along your line. This animated and unexpected
scene damped the courage of the enemy ; he dropped his scaling
ladders and fascines, and the threatened attack dwindled into a
demonstration, which served only to show the emptiness of his
parade, and to inspire you with a just confidence in yourselves.

The new year was ushered in with the most tremendous fire
his whole artillery could produce; a few hours only, however,
were necessary for the brave and skilful men who directed our
own, to dismount his cannon, destroy his batteries, and effectively
silence his fire. Hitherto, my brave friends, in the contests on
our lines, your courage had been passive only ; you stood with
coolness, a' fire that would have tried the firmness of a veteran,
and you anticipated a nearer contest with an eagerness which was
soon to be gratified.

On the 8th of January, the final effort was made. At the dawn
of day the batteries opened, and the columns advanced. Knowing
that the volunteers from Tennessee and ihe militia from Kentucky
were stationed on your left, it was there they directed their chiet
attack.

Reasoning always from false principles, they expected no oppo-
sition from men whose officers even were not in uniform, who
were ignorant of the rules and dress, and who had never been
caned into discipline— fatal mistake ! a fire incessantly kept up,
directed with calmness and with unerring aim, strewed the field
w^ith the bravest officers and men of the column which slowly ad-
vanced, according to the most approved rules of European tac-
tics, and was cut down by the untutored courage of American
militia. Unable to sustain this galling and unceasing fire, some
hundreds nearest the entrenchments, called for quarter, which

476

was granted ; the rest retreating, were rallied at some distance,
but only to make them a surer mark for the grape and canister
shot of our artillery, which, without exaggeration, mowed down
whole ranks at every discharge; and at length they precipitately
retired from the field.

Our right had only a short contest to sustain with a few rash
men, who, fatally for themselves, forced their entrance into the
unfinished redoubt on the river. They were quickly dispossessed,
and this glorious day terminated with the loss to the enemy of
their commander in chief and one major general killed, another
major general wounded, the most experienced and bravest of their
officers, and more than three thousand men, killed, wounded and
missing ; while our ranks, my friends, were thinned only by the
loss of six of our brave companions killed, and seven disabled by
wounds — wonderful interposition of heaven! unexampled event

in the history of ica

Let us be grateful to the God of battles who has directed the
arrows of indignation against our invaders, while he covered with
his protecting shield the brave defenders of their country.

After this unsuccessful and disastrous attempt, their spirits
were broken, their force was destroyed, and their whole attention
was employed in providing the means of escape. This they have
effected, leaving their heavy artillery in our power, and many of
their wounded to our clemency. The consequences of this short
but decisive campaign, are incalculably important. The pride of
our arrogant enemy humbled, his forces broken, his leaders kil-
led, his insolent hopes of our disunion frustrated, his expecta-
tion of rioting in our spoils and wasting our country changed in-
to ignominious defeat, shameful flight, and reluctant acknowledg-
ment of the humanity and kindness of those whom he had doom-
ed to all the horrors and humiliation of a conquered state.

On the other side, unanimity established, disaffection crushed,
confidence restored, your country saved from conquest, your
property from pillage, your wives and daughters from insult and
violation, the union preserved from dismemberment, and perhaps
a period put by this decisive stroke to a bloody and savage war.
These, my brave friends, are the consequences of the efforts you
have made, and the success with which they have been crowned
by heaven.

These important results have been effected by the united cou-
rage and perseverance of the army; which the different corps,
as well as the individuals that compose it, have vied with each
other in their exertions to produce. The share they have res-
pectively had will be pointed out in the general order accompany-
ing this address. But the gratitude, the admiration of their
country, offers a fairer reward than that which any praise of the
general can bestow, and the best is that of which they can never
be deprived, the consciousness of having done their duty, and of
meriting the applause they will receive.

477
GENERAL ORDERS.

HEAD QUARTERS, 7th MILITARY DISTRICT,

Camp before New Orleans, Adj. General's Office, January 21st, 1815.

Before the camp at these memorable lines shall be broken up,
the general thinks it a duty to the brave army which has defended
them, publicly to notice the conduct of the different corps which
compose it. The behaviour of the regular troops, consisting of
parts of the 7th and 44th regiments of infantry, and the corps of
marines, all commanded by colonel Ross, has been such as to
merit his warm approbation. The 7th regiment was led by major
Peyre, and the 44th by captain Baker, in the action of the 23d,
in a manner that does those officers the highest honour. They
have continued through the campaign to do their duty with the
same zeal and ability with which it was commenced. On that
occasion the country lost a valuable officer in the death of lieute-
nant McClellan, of the 7th infantry, who fell while bravely lead-
ing his company. Lieutenant Dupuy, of the 44th, although
severely wounded in this action, returned in time to take a share
in all the subsequent attacks.

To the Tennessee mounted gun men, to their gallant leader,
brigadier general Coffee, the general presents his warmest thanks,
not only for their uniformly good conduct in action, but for the
wonderful patience with which they have borne the fatigue, and
the perseverance with which they surmounted the difficulties of a
most painful march, in order to meet the enemy — a diligence and
zeal to which we probably owe the salvation of the country.
Ordinary activity would have brought them too late to act the
brilliant part they have performed in the defeat ef our invaders.
All the officers of that corps have distinguished themselves; but
the general cannot avoid mentioning the name of lieutenant colo-
nel Lauderdale, who fell on the night ef the 23d, and those of
colonels Dyer, Gibson, and Elliott, who were wounded, but,
disdaining personal considerations, remained firm to their duty.
The cavalry from the Mississippi territory, under their enter-
prising leader, major Hinds, was always ready to perforin every
service, which the nature of the country enabled thein to execute.
The daring manner in which they reconnoitred the enemy on his
lines, excited the admiration of one army and the astonishment
of the other.

Major general Carroll, commanding the detachment of West
Tennessee militia, has shown the greatest zeal for the service ; a
strict attention to duty, and an ability and courage that will
always recommend him to the gratitude of his country. His troops
have, since the lines were formed, occupied and defended the
weakest part of them, and borne, without a murmur, an encamp-
ment on a marshy and unhealthy soil. In the memorable action
of the 8th of January, the chief effort of the enemy was directed
against them, but their valor, and that of the brave men who sup-

478

ported them (general Coffee's brigade on the left, and a part of
the Kentucky troops on the right,) soon made it clear that a
rampart of high-minded men is a better defence than the most
regular fortification.

General Adair, who, owing to the indisposition of general
Thomas, brought up the Kentucky militia, has shown that troops
will always be valiant when their leaders are so. No men ever
displayed a more gallant spirit than they did under that most
valuable officer. His country is under obligations to him. ■

The general would be ungrateful or insensible to merit if he
xlid not particularly notice the conduct of the officers and men
who so bravely supported, and so skilfully directed, his artillery.
Colonel McUea, in the action of the 23d, showed as he always
does, great conrage. Lieutenant Spotts, under whose immediate
direction our artillery had been placed, led it to action with a
daring courage worthy of admiration. Captain Humphreys com-
manded the first battery on our right. The service is greatly
indebted to that officer, not only for the able and gallant manner
in which he directed his fire, but for the general activity he dis
played in his department.

Lieutenant Morris, of the navy, with Mr. Walkers Martin,"and
a detachment of seamen, was stationed at the 2d battery, and
lieutenant Crawley, with Mr. W. Livingston, master's mate, with
» similar detachment, were stationed at a 32 pounder, which was
remarkably well directed. They performed their duty with the
zeal and bravery, which has always characterized the navy of the
United States. Captains Dominique and Belluche, lately com-
manding privateers at Barataria, with part of their former crew
and many brave citizens of New Orleans, were stationed at num-
bers S and 4. The general cannot avoid giving his warm appro-
bation of the manner in which these gentlemen have uniformly
conducted themselves while under his command, and of the gal-
lantry with which they have redeemed the pledge they gave at the
opening of the campaign to defend the country. The brothers
Lalitfe have exhibited the same courage and fidelity, and the
general promises that the government shall be duly apprized of
their conduct. Colonel Perry, deputy quarter master general,
volunteered his services at number 6. He >vas ably aided by
lieutenant Kerr, of the artillery. His battery was well served,
bravely supported, and greatly annoyed the enemy. Numbers 8
and 9 were directed by lieutenant Spotts with his usual skirl and
bravery, agisted by Mr. Cheaveau.

The general takes the highest pleasure in noticing the conduct
of general Garrique de Flaujac, commanding one of the brigades
lit" militia of this state, and member of the Senate. His brigade
not being in the field, as soon as the invasion was known he re-
paired to the camp and ottered himself as a volunteer for the
service of a* piece of artillery, which he directed with the skill
which was to be expected from an experienced artillery officer.

479

Disdaining the exemption afforded by his seat in the Senate, he
continued in this subordinate but honourable station ; and by his
example as well as his exertion has rendered essential services to
his country. Mr. Sebastian Hiriart, of the same body, set the
same example, served a considerable time in the ranks of the
volunteer battalion, and afterwards as adjutant of the colored
troops. Major Planche's battalion of volunteers, though deprived
of the valuable services of major Carmac, who commanded them,
by a wound which that officer received in the attack of the 28th
of December, have realized all the anticipations which the general
had formed of their conduct. Major Planche and major St. Jame,
of that corps, have distinguished themselves by their activity,
their courage, and their zeal ; and the whole, corps have greatly
contributed to enable the general to redeem the pledge he gave,
when at the opening of the campaign he promised the country
not only safety, but a splendid triumph over its insolent invaders.
The two corps of colored volunteers, have not disappointed the
hopes that were formed of their courage and perseverance in the
performance of their duty. Majors Lacoste and Daquin, who
commanded them, have deserved well of their country. Captain
Savary's conduct has been noticed in the account rendered of the
battle of the 23d; and that officer has since continued to merit
the highest praise. Captain Beale's company of the city riflemen
has sustained, by its subsequent conduct, the reputation it acquired
in the action of the 23d. Colonel de la Ronde, of the Louisiana
militia, has been extremely serviceable by his exertions, and has
shown great courage, and an uniform attachment to the cause of
the country. General Humbert, who offered his services as a
volunteer, has continually exposed himself to the greatest dangers,
with his characteristic bravery, as has also the Mexican field
marshal don Juan de Anayer, who acted in the same capacity.
The general acknowledges the important assistance he has receiv-
ed from commodore Patterson, as well by his professional exer-
tion, as the zealous co-operation of his department during the
whole course of the campaign. Captain Henley, on board the Ca-
roline, and afterwards in directing the erection of several batte-
ries at the Bayou and on the right bank of the river, was of great
utility to the army. Lieutenant Alexis, of the navy, stationed in
the navy arsenal, was indefatigable in exertions to forward to the
army every thing which could facilitate its operations — his zeal
and activity deserve the notice of government. Major Nicks,
who by an accidental wound was deprived of the pleasure of com-
manding the 7th regiment during the campaign, was continually
employed in the fort, and furnished the ammunition and the artil-
lery that was wanted, with the greatest activity and promptitude.
To the volunteers of the Mississippi territory, and to the militia
of the remoter parts of this state, who have arrived since the de-
cisive action ot the 8th, the general tenders his thanks, and i»
convinced that nothing but opportunity was wanting to entitle

4S0

them to the praises that have been merited by the rest of the ai
my. Captain Ogden's troop of horse was peculiarly useful by their
local knowledge of the ground on which they acted ; and the small
detachment of the Attacapas dragoons, stationed near head quar-
ters, were indefatigable in performing all the duties which de-
volved on them.t

The general would not do justice to Ins staff, if he did not
bestow deserved praise on the adjutant general, colonel Butler,
and his assistant, major Chotard, for the zeal and activity in the
important department of service confided to them, and for the
bravery which led them wherever danger or duty required their
presence. The vigilance, courage and attention to duty exhibited
during the campaign, by colonel Haynes, and his two assistants,
majors Davis and Hampton, have been appreciated as they de-
served to be by their general.

The general's aids-de-camp, Thomas L. Butler and captain
John Reid, as well as his volunteer aids, Messrs. Livingston,
Duncan, Grymes, Dupessis, and major Daverac de Castera, the
judge advocate, have merited the thanks of the general by the
calm and deliberate courage they have displayed on every occa-
sion, and in every situation that called it forth. The topographi-
cal engineer, major Tatum, exhibited all the ardor of youth in the
hour of peril, united to the experience acquired by his long ser-
vices. The chief engineer, major Lacarriere de la Tour, has
been useful to the army by his talents and bravery. The same
praises are due to his assistants, captain Lewis Livingston and
Mr. Latrobe. The medical staff has merited well of the country, and
the general would not do justice to his own feelings, were he to
withhold from doctor Ker, hospital surgeon, who volunteered his
services, and doctor Flood, the just tribute of applause deserved
by them for their medical skill and personal bravery. The quar-
ter lhaster's department, though deprived of the personal exer-
tions of colonel Piatt, who was wounded in the night action of the
23d, performed well all their duties. Major general Villere and
brigadier general Morgan, have merited the approbation of the
general by their unwearied attention since they took the field.

The large mortar was ably directed by captain Lefebre and
by Mr. Gilbert. Captain Blanehard was very useful as an engi-
neer, and merits the general's praise for the celerity and skill
with which he erected the battery which now commands the river,
on the right of the camp. Mr. Busquet and Mr. Ducoin, of major
St. Gene's company, displayed great knowledge and dexterity as
artillerists. To the whole army, the general presents the assur-
ance of his official apnrobation and of his individual regard. This
splendid campaign wul be considered as entitling every man who
has served in it to the salutation of his brother in arms.

By command,

ROBERT BUTLER, Mj. Gen.

481
CAPTURE OF THE FRIGATE PRESIDENT,

H. B. M. SHIP ENDYMION, AT SEA, January 18th, 1815

The painful duty of detailing td you the particular catase'
which preceded and led to the capture of the late United States*
frigate President, by a squadrori of his Britannic majesty's ships
(as per margin) has devolved Upon me, In my communication of
the 14th, I made known to you my intention of proceeding to
sea on that evening. Owing to some1 mistake of the pilots, the
ship in going out grounded On the bar, where she continued to
strike heavily for an hour and a half. Although she had broken
several of her rudder-braces, and had received such other material
injury as to render her return into port desirable, I Was unable to
do so from the strong westerly wind which was then blowing. It
being now high water, it became necessary to force her over the
bar before the tide fell; in this we succeeded by 10 o'clock, when
we shaped our courses along the shore of Long Island for 50
miles, and then steered south-east by east. At 5 o'clock, three
ships were discovered ahead ; we immediately hauled up the ship
and passed two miles to the northward of them. At day light,
we discovered four ships in chase, one on each quarter and two
astern, the leading ship of the enemy a razee; she commenced
a fire upon us, but without effect. At meridian, the wind became
light and baffling, we had increased our distance from the razee,
but the next ship astern, which was also a large ship, had gained
and continued to gain upon us considerably ; we immediately oc-
cupied all hands to lighten ship, by starting Water, cutting the an-
chors, throwing overboard provisions, cables, spare spars, boats,
and every article that could be got at, keeping the sails wet from
the royals down. At three, we had the wind quite light ; the ene-
my, who had now been joined by a brig, had a strong breeze and
were coming up with us rapidly. The Endymion mounting 50
guns, 24 pounders on the main deck, had now approached os
within gun shot, and had commenced a fire with her bow gUns?
which we returned from our stern. At 5 o'clock, she had obtain-
ed a position on our starboard quarter, within half point blank
shot, on which neither our stern nor quarter guns would bear J
we were now steering east by north, the wind north-west I re-
mained with her in this position for half an hour, in the hope that
she would close with us on our broadside, in which case I had
prepared my crew to board, but from his continuing to yaw his
ship to maintain his position, it became evident that to close was
his intention. Every fire now cut some of our sails or rigging.
To have continued our course under these circumstances, would
have been placing it in his power to cripple us, without being sub-
ject to injury himself, and to have hauled up more to the north-
ward to bring our sterrt guns to bear, would have exposed us te>
his raking fire. It was now dusk, when I determined to sAUr *»<
61

482

course south, for the purpose of bringing the enemy abeam, and
although their ships astern, were drawing up fast, I felt satisfied
I should be enabled to throw him out of the combat before they
could come up, and was not without hopes, if the night proved
dark, (of which there was every appearance) that I might still be
enabled to make my escape. Our opponent kept oft" at the same
instant we did, and commenced at the same time. We continued
engaged steering south with steering sails set two hours and a
half, when we completely succeeded in dismantling her. Pre-
viously to her dropping entirely out of the action, there were in-
tervals of minutes, when the ships were broadside and broadside,
in which she did not fire a gun. At this period (half past 8
o'clock) although dark, the other ships of the squadron were in
sight and almost within gun shot. We were of course compelled
to abandon her. In resuming our former course for the purpose
of avoiding the squadron, we were compelled to present our
stern to our antagonist ; but such was his state, though we were
thus exposed and within range of his guns for half an hour, that
he did not avail himself of this favourable opportunity of raking
us. We continued this course until 11 o'clock, when two fresh
ships of the enemy (the Pomona and Tenedos) had come up.
The Pomona had opened her fire on the larboard bow, within mus-
ket shot ; the other about two cables' length astern, taking a raking
position on our quarter ; and the rest, with the exception of the En-
oymion, within gun shot. Thus situated, with about one-fifth of my
crew killed and wounded, my ship crippled, and a more than four
fold force opposed to me, without a chance of escape left, I
deemed it my duty to surrender.

It is with emotions of pride I bear testimony to the gallantry
and steadiness of every officer and man I had the honour to com*
mand on this occasion, and I feel satisfied that the fact of their
beating a force equal to themselves, in the presence and almost
under the guns of so vastly a superior force, when too, it was al-
most self-evident, that whatever their exertions might be, they
must ultimately be captured, will be taken as evidence of what
they would have performed, hud the force opposed to them been in
any degree equal.

It is with extreme pain I have to inform you that lieutenants
Babbit, Hamilton, and Howell, fell in the action. They have
left no officers of superior merit behind them.

If, sir, the issue ot this affair had been fortunate, I should have
felt it my duty to have recommended to your attention, lieute-
nants Shubrick and Gallagher. Thev maintained through the day
the reputation they had acquired in former actions.

Lieutenant Twiggs, of the marines, displayed great zeal ; his
men were well supplied and their fire incomparable, so long as
the enemy continued within musket range.

Midshipman Randolph, who had charge of the forecastle divi-
sion, managed it t<: n mti re satisfaction.

433

From Mr. Robinson, who was serving as a volunteer, 1 receiv-
ed essential aid, particularly after I was deprived of the services
of the master, and severe loss I had sustained in my officers on
the quarter deck.

Of our loss in killed and wounded, I am unable at present to
give you a correct statement ; the attention of the surgeon being
so entirely occupied with the wounded, that he was unable to make
out a correct return when I left the President, nor shall I be able
to make it until our arrival into port, we having parted company
with the squadron yesterday. The enclosed list, with the excep-
tion I fear of its being short of the number, will be found correct.
For twenty-four hours after the action it was nearly calm, and
the squadron were occupied in repairing the crippled ships. Such
ot the crew of the President as were not badly wounded, were
put on board the different ships ; myself and part of my crew
were put on board this ship. On the 17th we had a gale from the
eastward, when this ship lost her bowsprit, fore and main-mast,
and mizen top-mast, all of which were badly wounded, and was,
in consequence of her disabled condition, obliged to throw over-
board all her upper deck guns. Her loss in killed and wounded,
must have been very great I have not been able to ascertain the
extent. Ten were buried after I came on board, (36 hours after
the action;) the badly wounded, such as are obliged to keep their
cots, occupy the starboard side of the gun deck from the cabin-
bulk head to the main-mast. From the crippled state of the Pre-
sident's spars, I feel satisfied she could not have saved her masts,
and I feel serious apprehensions for the Safety of our wounded
left on board.

It is due to captain Hope to state, that every attention has been

Said by him to myself and officers that have been placed on board
is ship, that delicacy and humanity could dictate.

I have the honour to be, &c.

STEPHEN DECATUR.

Hon. B. W. Crowninshield,

Secretary of the Navy.

The correct account of the loss on board the President as af-
terwards ascertained, was 25 killed, and 60 wounded.

This vessel having been taken to Bermuda, was there repaired
and sent to England.

LOSS OF FORT BOWYER.

MOBILE, February 17th, 1815.

SIR, . L .

It becomes my duty to communicate to you the very unplea-
sant news of the loss of fort Bowyer. It was closely invested by
and, as well as water, on the 8th instant. On the 10th and 11th, I

484

passed a detachment over the bay with a view to divert the enemy
from his object ; but it arrived about 24 hours too late, though
time enough to capture one of the enemy's barges with seventeen
seamen, wTio say the garrison capitulated on the 12th; that the
besiegers had advanced their works on the land side to within
certain musket shot of the parapets of the fort ; that the loss
in killed on either side is inconsiderable, I am in possession of
no other account but that which comes from the prisoners. About
50 of the enemy's vessels, besides boats and barges, are lay-
ing within the bar and above Mobile Point, and several ships
of the line on the south and west of Dauphin Island. The
wind is fair, and I expect the honour of seeing them here every
night ; if I do, I have great confidence my next will be on a more
pleasant subject,

I have the honour to be, &c.

J. WINCHESTER,

Brigadier General.

Hon. Secretary of War.

P. S. The garrison consisted of about 360 men, including
officers. Three small schooners in which the detachment was
transported over the bay, were captured by the enemy's barges
after the troops had landed.

J. W,

FORT BOWYER, February 12th, 1815.

SIR,

Imperious necessity has compelled me to enter into articles
of capitulation with major general Lambert, commanding his
Britannic majesty's forces in front of fort Bowyer, a copy of which
I forward you for the purpose of effecting an immediate exchange
of prisoners. Nothing but the want of provisions, and finding
myself completely surrounded by thousands; batteries erected
on the sand, mounds which completely commanded the fort — and
the enemy having advanced, by regular approaches, within thirty
yards of the ditches, and the utter impossibility of getting any
assistance or supplies, would have induced me to adopt this mea-
sure. Feeling confident, and it being the unanimous opinion of
the officers, that we could not retain the post, and that the lives of
many valuable officers and soldiers would have been uselessly sa-
crificed, I thought it most desirable to adopt this plan. A full
and correct statement will be furnished you as early as possible
Captain Chamberlain, who bears this to E, Livingston, esquire,
will relate to him every particular, which will I hope be satis-
factory,

I am, with respect, &c.

W. LAWRENCE
J/lgjor General Jackson

485

ARTICLES OF CAPITULATION

Agreed upon between lieutenant colonel Lawrence and major
general Lambert, for the surrender of fort Bowyer, on the Mo-
bile Point, 11th of February, 1815.

1. That the fort shall be surrendered to the arms of his Bri-
tannic majesty in its existing state as to the works, ordnance,
ammunition, and every species of military stores.

2. That the garrison shall be considered as prisoners of war,
the troops marching out with their colors flying and drums beat-
ing, and ground their arms on the glacis — the officers retaining
their swords, and the whole to embark in such ships as the British
naval commander in chief shall appoint.

3. All private property to be respected.

4. That a communication shall be made immediately of the
same to the commanding officer of the 7th military district of the
Tinted States, and every endeavour made to effect an early ex-
change of prisoners.

5. That the garrison of the United States remain in the fort
until 12 o'clock to-morrow, a British guard being put in posses-
sion of the inner gate at 3 o'clock to-day, and the British flag be
hoisted at the same time ; an officer of each service remaining at
the head quarters of each commander until the fulfilment of these
articles.

H» G. SMITH, major and military secretary.

Agreed on the part of the royal navy.

T. H. RICKETS, captain H.M.ship Vengent.

R. CHAMBERLAIN, 2d regt. U. S. infantry.
W. LAWRENCF, Lt. col U infantry comdg.

Approver,

ALEXANDER COCHRANE,

Commander in chief of his majesty's shipphig,
JOHN LAMBERT, maj. gen, comdg .

A. true copy — Test,

JOHN REID, aid-de-camp,

CAPTURE OF THE ARGUS.

NORFOLK, March 2d, 1815.

SIR,

Circumstances during my residence in England, having here-
tofore prevented my attention to the painful duty which devolved
on me by the death of my gallant commander, captain Willian H.
Allen, of the late United States' brig Argus, I have now the honour
to state for your information, that, having landed the minister
plenipotentiary (Mr. Crawford) and suit, at L'Orient, we proceed-
ed on the cruize which had been directed by the department, and

486

after capturing 20 vessels (a list of the name* smd other particulars
of which I have the honour to enclose) being in latitude 52 15 north,
longitude 5 50 west, on the 14th August, 1813, we discovered at 4
o'clock A. M. a large brig of war, standing down under a press of
sail upon our weather quarter, the wind being at south, and the
Argus close hauled on the starboard tack, we immediately prepar-
ed to receive her ; and at 4 30, being unable to get the weather
gage, we shortened sail and gave her an opportunity of closing.
At 6, the brig having displayed English colours, we hoisted our
ilag, wore round, and gave her the larboard broadside (being at
this time within grape distance,) which was returned, and the ac-
tion commenced within the range of musketry. At 6 4, captain
Allen was wounded, and the enemy shot away our main braces,
main spring stay, gaff, and trisail mast. At 6 8, captain Allen,
being much exhausted by the loss of blood, was taken below. At 6
12, lost our spritsail yard, and the principal part of the standing
rigging on the larboard side of the foremast. At this time, I re-
ceived a wound on the head from a grape-shot, which, for a time,
rendered me incapable of attending to duty, and was carried be-
low. I had, however, the satisfaction of recollecting on my reco-
very, that nothing which the most gallant exertions could effect,
would be left undone by lieutenant William H. Allen, junior, who
succeeded to the command of the deck. Lieutenant Allen reports,
at 6 14, the enemy, being on our weather quarter, edged off for
'he purpose of getting under our stern; but the Argus luffed close
to, with the maintopsuil aback, and giving him a raking broadside,
frustrated his attempt. At 6 18, the enemy shot away our pre-
venter, mainbraces, and maintopsail tye ; and the Argus having
lost ihe use of her after sails, fell off before the wind, when the
enemy succeeded in passing our stern, and ranged up on the star-
board side. At 6 25, the wheel ropes and rigging of every des-
cription being shot away, the Argus became unmanageable; and
ihe enemy, not having sustained any apparent damage, had it
completely in his power to choose a position, continued to play
upon our starboard quarter, occasionally shifting his situation
until G 30, when I returned to the deck ; the enemy being under
our stern, within pistol shot, where he continued to rake us until
6 38, when we prepared to board, but in consequence of our shat-
tered condition, were unable to effect it. The enemy then passed
our broadside, and took a position on our starboard bow. From
iliis time until 6 47, we were exposed to a cross or raking fire,
without being able to oppose but little more than musketry to the
broadside of the enemy, ourguus being much disabled and seldom
brought to bear.

The Argus, having now suffered much in hull and rigging, as also
in killed and wounded, among the former of whom (exclusive of
our gallant captain,) we have to lament the loss of two meritorious
vttung officers in midshipmen Delphy and Edwards; and being
exposed to a galling fire, which, from the enemy's ability to man-
age his vessel, we could not avoid, I deemed it necessary to fur-

487

render, and was taken possession of by his Britannic majesty's!
sloop Pelican, of twenty-one carriage guns, viz : sixteen 32 pound
carronades, four long sixes, and one 12 pound carronade. I hope
this measure will meet your approbation, and that the result of
this action, when the superior size and metal of our opponent, and
the fatigue which the crew, &c. of the Argus underwent, from a
very rapid succession of captures, is considered, will not be thought
unworthy the flag under which we serve.

I have the honour to inclose a list of killed and wounded, and
feel great satisfaction in reporting the general good conduct of the
men and officers engaged on this occasion, and particularly the
zeal and activity displayed by lieutenant Allen, who, you will
observe, for a time commanded on deck.

I have the honour to be, Sec.

W. H. WATSON,
Late first Li. U.S. brig Argus,
Hon. B. W. Crowninshield, &c.

Killed, 6— died of their wounds, 5 — wounded, 12.

NEW ORLEANS, March 17th, 1816*
SIR,

Inclosed I have the honour to transmit for your information a
copy of a letter from lieutenant Thomas Ap Catesby Jones, giving a
detailed account of the action between the gun vessels under his
command and a flotilla of the enemy's launches and barges, on the
14th December, 1814, which, after a most gallant resistance, ter-
minated as stated in my letter of the 17th December, in the capture
of our squadron.

The courage and skill which was displayed in the defence of the
gun-vessels and tender, for such a length of time, against such an
overwhelming force as they had to contend with, reflects additional
splendour on our naval glory ; and will, I trust, diminish the regret
occasioned by their loss.

I have the honour to be, &c.

DANIEL T. PATTERSON.

Hon. B. W. Crowninshield,

Secretary of the Navy.

NEW ORLEANS, Maroh 12th, 18l£

SIR

Having sufficiently recovered my strength, I do myself the
honour of reporting to vou the particulars of the capture of the
division of United States' gun-boats, late under my command.

On the 12th December, 1814, the enemy's fleet oil Ship Island
had increased to such a force as to render it no longer sate or
prudent for me to continue in that part of the lake with the small
Force which I commanded. I therefore determined to §ain a station
near the Malhereux Islands «s eoofl as possible, which situaMWi

488

would better enable me to oppose a further penetration of the cm
my up the lakes, aud at the same time afford me an opportunity of
retreating to the Petite Coquilles if necessary.

At 10 A. M. on the 13th, I discovered a large flotilla of barges
had left the fleet, (shaping their course towards the Pass Christian)
which I supposed to be a disembarkation of troops intending to
land at that place. About 2 P. M. the enemy's flotilla having
gained the Pass Christian, and continuing their course to the
westward, convinced me that an attack on the gunboats was their
design. At this time the water in the lakes was uncommonly
low, owing to the westerly wind which had prevailed for a number
of days previous, and which still continued from the same quar-
ter. Nos. 156, 162, and 165, although in the best channel, were
in 12 or 18 inches less water than their draught. Every effort
was made to get them afloat by throwing overboard all the articles
of weight that could be dispensed with. At 3 30, the flood tide
had commenced ; got under weigh making the best of my way
towards the Petite Coquille. At 3 45, the enemy despatched
three boats to cut out the schooner Sea-Horse, which had been
sent into the bay St. Louis that morning to assist in the removal
of the public stores, which I had previously ordered. There find-
ing a removal impracticable, I ordered preparations to be made
for their destruction, lest they should fall into the enemy's hands.
A few discharges of grape shot from the Sea-Horse compelled the
three boats, which had attacked her, to retire out of the reach of
her guns, until they were joined by four others, when the attack
was recommenced by the seven boats. Mr. Johnson having cho-
se!! an advantageous position near the two 6 pounders mounted on
the bank, maintained a sharp action for near 30 minutes, when
the enemy hauled oft", having one boat apparently much injured,
and with the loss of several men killed and wounded. At 7 30,
an explosion at the bay, and soon after a large fire, induced me to
believe the Sea-Horse was blown up and the public store house
set on fire, which has proved to be the fact.

About I A. M. on the 14th, the wind having entirely died
away, and our vessels become unmanageable, came to anchor in
the west end of Malhcreux Island's passage. At daylight next
morning, still a perfect calm, the enemy's flotilla was about nine
miles fiom us at anchor, but soon got in motion and rapidly
advanced towards us. The want of wind, and the strong ebb tide
which was setting through the Pass, left me but one alternative,
which was to put my vessels in the most advantageous position,
to give the enemy as warm a reception as possible. The comman
dors were all called on board and made acquainted with my inten-
tions, and the position which each vessel was to take, the whole to
form a close line abreast across the channel, anchored by the stern,
with springs on the cables, &c. &c. Thus we remained anxiously
awaiting an attack from the advancing foe, whose force I now
clearly distinguished to be composed of forty-two heavy launches

4«9

and gun barges, with three light gigs, manned with upwards of
hne thousand men and officers. About 9 30, the Alligator (tender)
which was to the southward and eastward, and endeavouring to
join the division, was captured by several of the enemy's barges,
when the whole flotilla came to with their grapples, a little out
of reach of our shot, apparently making arrangements for the at-
tack. At 10 39, the enemy weighed, forming a line abreast in
open order, and steering direct for our line, which was unfortu-
nately in some degree broken by the force of the current, driving
numbers 156 and 163 about one hundred yards in advance. A3
soon as the enemy came within reach of our shot, a deliberate fire
from our long guns was opened upon him, but without much ef-
fect, the objects being of so small a size. At 10 minutes before
11, the enemy opened a fire from the whole of his line, when the
action became general and destructive on both sides. At 11 49, the
advanced boats of the enemy, three in number, attempted to board
No. 156, but were repulsed with the loss of nearly every officer
killed or wounded, and two boats sunk. A second attempt to
board was then made by four other boats, which shared almost a
similar fate. At this moment I received a severe wound in my
left shoulder, which compelled me to quit the deck, leaving it in
charge of Mr. George Parker, master's mate, who gallantly de-
fended the vessel until he was severely wounded, when the ene-
my, by his superior numbers, succeeded in gaining possession of
the deck, about 10 minutes past 12 o'clock. The enemy imme-
diately turned the guns of his prize on our other gun-boats, and
fired several shot previous to striking the American colours. The
action continued with unabated severity, until 40 minutes past 12
o'clock, when it terminated with the surrender of No. 23, all the
other vessels having previously fallen into the hands of the ene-
my.

In this unequal contest, our loss in killed and wounded has
been trifling, compared to that of the enemy, which amounts to
nearly four hundred.

Enclosed you will receive a list of the killed and wounded, and
a correct statement of the force which I had the honour to com-
mand at the commencement of the action, together with an esti-
mate of the force I had to contend against, as acknowledged by
the enemy, which will enable you to decide how far the honour
of our country's flag has been supported in this conflict.

With much respect, &c.
THOMAS AP CATESBY JONES,

Lieut. Com. U. 8. Mtvy.

fnpt. Daniel T. Patterson, commanding.
R2

490

Statement of the effective force of a division of the United Stated
gun-boats, under the command of lieutenant commanding Tho-
mas Jip Catesby Junes, at the commencement of the action, with
a flotilla of English boats, on the 14th of December, 1814.

Gun-boat, No. 5, 5 guns, 36 men, sailing master John D. Ferris;
gun-boat, No. 156, 5 guns, 41 men, lieutenant commandant T. A.
C. Jones; gun-boat, No. 162, 5 guns, 35 men, lieutenant Robert
Speeden ; gun-boat, No. 163, 3 guns, 31 men, sailing master
George Ulrick. — Total, 23 guns, 182 men.

N. B. The schooner Sea Horse had one 6 pounder and 14 men,
sailing master William Johnson, commander; none killed or
wounded.

The sloop Alligator (tender) had one 4 pounder and eight men,
sailing master Richard S. Sheppard, commander.

THOMAS AP CATESBY JONES,

Lieut. Com. U. S. Navy.

'Che following is a correct statement af the British forces which
were engaged in the capture of the late United States' gun-boats,
JVos. 2S, 156, 5, 162 and 163, near Malhereux islands, lake
Borgne, \4th December, 1814.

Forty launches and barges, mounting one carronade each, of
12, 19, and 24 calibre.

One launch, mounting one long brass 12 pounder.

One do. do. do. do. 9 do.

Three gigs, with small arms only.

Total number of boats, ----- 45
do. do. cannon, - - - - - 42

The above flotilla was manned with 1200 men and officers, com-
manded by captain Lockyer, who received three severe wounds
in the action. The enemy, as usual, will not acknowledge his
loss on this occasion, in boats or men ; but from the nature of the,
action, and the observations made by our officers while prisoners
in their fleet, his loss in killed and wounded may be justly esti-
mated to exceed three hundred, among whom are an unusual
proportion of officers.

CAPTURE OF THE PENGUIN.

U. S. SLOOP HORNET, OFF TRISTAN D'ACUNHA,

March 25th, 1815

SIR,

I have the honour to inform you, that on the morning of the
23d instant, at half past ten, when about to anchor, off the north
end of the island of Tristan d'Acunha, a sail was seen to the
sonthward and eastward, steering to the westward, the wind fresh
from the S. S. W, In a few minutes she had passed on to the
westward, so that we could not see her for the land. I immedi-

491

ately made sail for the westward, and shortly after getting in sight
of her again, perceived her to bear up before the wind. I hove
to for him to come down to us. When she had approached
near, I filled the maintopsail, and continued to yaw the ship,
while she continued to come down, wearing occasionally to pre-
vent her passing under our stern. At 1 40 P. M. being within
nearly musket shot distance, she hauled her wind on the starboard
tack/hoisted English colours and fired a gun. We immediately
luffed to, hoisted our ensign and gave the enemy a broadside.
The action being thus commenced, a quick and well directed fire
was kept up from this ship, the enemy gradually driving near to
us,' when at 1 65 minutes he bore up apparently to run us on board.
As soon as I perceived he would certainly fall on board, I called
the boarders, so as to be ready to repel any attempt to board us.
At the instant every officer and man repaired to the quarter deck,
where the two vessels were coming in contact, and eagerly pressed
me to permit them to board the enemy ; but this I would not per-
mit, as it was evident, from the commencement of the action,
that our fire was greatly superior both in quickness and in eftect.
The enemy's bowsprit came in between our main and mizen rig-
ging, on our starboard side, affording him an opportunity to board
us, if such was his design, but no attempt was made. There was
a considerable swell on, and as the sea lifted us ahead, the ene-
my's boom carried away our mizen shrouds, stern davits and
spanker boom, and he hung upon our larboard quarter. At this
moment an officer, who was afterwards recognized to be Mr.
M'Donald, the first lieutenant, and the then commanding officer,
called out that they had surrendered. I directed the marines and
musketry men to cease firing, and, while on the taffrail asking it
thev had surrendered, I received a wound in the neck. The ene-
my just then got clear of us, and his fore-mast and bowsprit be-
in0- both gone, and perceiving us wearing to give a fresh broad-
side, he again called out that he had surrendered. It was with
difficulty 1 could restrain my crew from firing into him again, as
he had certainly fired into" us after having surrendered. From
the firing of the first gun, to the last time the enemy cried out he
had surrendered, was exactly 22 minutes by the watch. She
proved to be his Britannic majesty's brig Penguin, mounting six
32 pound carronades, two long 12's, a twelve pound carronade on
the top-gallant forecastle, with swivels on the capstern in the
tops. She had a spare port forward, so as to fight both her
long guns of a side. She sailed from England in September last,
She5 was shorter upon deck than this ship, by two feet, but she had
a greater length of keel, greater breadth of beam, thicker sides,
and higher bulwarks than this ship, and was in all respects a re-
markably fine vessel of her class. The enemy acknowledge a
complement of 132, 12 of them supernumerary marines from the
Med way 74, received on board in consequence of their being or-
dered to cruize for the American privateer Young Wasp. The y

492

acknowledge, also, a loss of 14 killed and 28 wounded ; but Mr.
Mayo, who was in charge of the prize, assures me that the number
of killed was certainly greater. Among the killed is captain
Dickenson, who fell at the close of the action, and the boatswain ;
among the wounded, is the second lieutenant, purser, and two
midshipmen. Each of the midshipmen lost a leg. We received
on board, in all, 118 prisoners, four of whom have since died of
their wounds. Having removed the prisoners, and taken on board
such provisions and stores as would be useful to us, I scuttled the
Penguin this morning, before day-light, and she went down. As
she was completely riddled by our shot, her foremast and bow-
sprit both gone, and her main-mast so crippled as to be incapable
of being secured, it seemed unadvisable, at this distance from
home, to attempt sending her to the United States.

This ship did not receive a single round shot in her hull, nor
any material wound in her spars ; the rigging and sails were very-
much cut ; but having bent a new suit of sails and knotted and
secured our rigging, we are now completely ready, in all respects,
for any service. \Ve were eight men short of complement, and
had nine upon the sick list the morning of the action.

Enclosed is a list of killed and wounded. I lament to state
that lieutenant Conner is wounded dangerously. I feel great so-
licitude on his account, as he is an officer of much promise, and
his loss would be a serious loss to the service.

It is a most pleasing part of my duty to acquaint you, that the
conduct of lieutenants Conner and Newton, Mr. Mayo, acting
lieutenant Brownlow, of the marines, sailing master Romney, and
the other officers, seamen and marines I have the honour to com-
mand, was in the highest degree creditable to them, and calls for
my warmest recommendation. I cannot, indeed, do justice to
their merits. The satisfaction which was diffused throughout the
ship when it was ascertained that the stranger was an enemy's
sloop of war, and the alacrity with which every one repaired to
quarters, fully assured me that their conduct in the action would
be marked with coolness and intrepidity.

I have the honour to be, &c.

J. BIDDLE.

Hon. Secretary of the Navy.

The loss on board the Hornet, was one killed and 11 wounded.

CAPTURE OF THE CYANE AND LEVANT.

U. S. FRIGATE CONSTITUTION, May , 1815.

SIR,

On the 20th of February last, the island of Madeira bearing
about west south-west, distant 60 leagues, we fell in with his Bri-
tannic majesty's two ships of war, the Cyane and Levant ; and
brought them to action about 6 o'clock in the evening, both of

493

which, after a spirited engagement of 40 minutes, surrendered to
the ship under my command.

Considering the advantages derived by the enemy, from a di-
vided and more active force, as also their superiority in the weight
and number of gun9, 1 deem the speedy and decisive result of this
action the strongest assurance which can be given to the govern-
ment, that all under my command did their duty, and gallantly
supported the reputation of American seamen.

Enclosed you will receive the minutes of the action, and a list
of the killed and wounded on board this 6hip ; also enclosed you
will receive for your information, a statement of the actual force
of the enemy, and the number killed and wounded on board their
ships, as near as could be ascertained.

I have the honour d be, &c.
CHARLES STEWART.

Hon. Secretary of the Navy.

American loss — 3 killed, VI wounded.
British loss — 35 killed, 42 wounded.
Prisoners taken, 313.

Minutes of the action between the United States' frigate Consti-
tution, and his Britannic majesty's ships Cyane and Levant, on
the 20th February, 1815.

Commences with lijjht breezes from the east, and cloudv wea-
ther. At one, discovered a sail two points on the larboard bow —
hauled up and made sail in chase. At $ past one, made the sail
to be a ship; at $ past one, discovered another sail ahead ; made
them out at two P. M. to be both ships, standing close hauled, with
their stai board tacks on board ; at 4 P. M. the weather most ship
made signals, and bore up to her consort, then about 10 miles to
leeward ; we bore up after her, and set lower top-mast, top-gal-
lant, and royal studding sails in chase ; at % past 4, carried away
our main royal mast; took in the sails and got another prepared ;
at 5 P. M. commenced firing on the chase from our two larboard
bow guns ; our shot falling short, ceased firing ; at $ past five ,
finding it impossible to prevent their junction, cleared ship for ac-
tion, then about four miles from the two ships ; at 40 minutes after
5, they passed within hail of each other, and hauled by the wind
on the starboard tack, hauled up their courses, and prepared to
receive us ; at forty -five minutes past five, they made all sail close
hauled by the wind, in hopes of getting to the windward of us ; at
55 minutes past 5, finding themselves disappointed in their object,
and we were closing with them fast, they shortened sail, and
formed on a line of wind, about half a cable's length from each
other. At 6 P. M. having them under command ot our battery,
hoisted our colours, which was answered by both ships hoisting
English ensigns. At 5 minutes past 6, ranged up on the starboard
»ide of the stern most ship, about 300 yards distant, andcommenc-

494

ed the action by broadsides, both ships returning our fire with the
greatest spirit for about 15 minutes, then the fire of the enemy
beginning to slacken, and the great column of smoke collected
under our lee, induced us to cease our fire to ascertain their posi-
tions and conditions. In about three minutes the smoke clearing
away, we found ourselves abreast of the headmost ship, the
sternmost ship luffing up for our larboard quarter; we poured a
broadside into the headmost ship, and then braced aback our main
and mizen topsails, and backed astern under cover of the smoke,
abreast the sternmost ship, when the action was continued with
spirit and considerable effect, until 35 minutes past 6, when the
enemy's fire again slackened, and we discovered the headmost
bearing up; filled our topsails, shot ahead, and gave her two stern
rakes. We then discovered the sternmost ship wearing also ;
wore ship immediately after her, and gave her a stern rake, she
luffing to on our starboard bow, and giving us her larboard broad-
side. We ranged upon her larboard quarter, within hail, and
was about to give her our starboard broadside, when she struck
her colours, fired a lee gun and yielded. At 50 minutes past 6,
took possession of his Britannic majesty's ship Cyane, captain
Gordon Falcon, mounting 34 guns. At 8 P. M. filled away after
her consort, which was still in sight to leeward. At half past 8,
found her standing towards us, with her starboard tacks close
hauled, with topgallant sails set and colours flying. At 50 minutes
past 8, ranged close alongside to windward of her, on opposite
tacks, and exchanged broadsides ; wore immediately under her
stern and raked her with a broadside. She then crowded all sail
and endeavoured to escape by running; ; hauled on board our
tacks, set spanker and flying jib in chase. At half past 9, com-
menced firing on her from our starboard bow chaser; gave her
several shot, which cut her spars and rigging considerably. At
10 P. M. finding they could not escape, fired a gun, struck her
colours, and yielded. We immediately took possession of his
Britannic majesty's ship Levant, hon. captain George Douglass,
mounting 21 guns. At 1 A. M. the damages of our rigging were
repaired, sails shifted, and the ship in fighting condition.

CAPTAIN BIDDLE'S ESCAPE FROM A 74.

I . S. SHIP HORNET, ST. SALVADORE, June 10th, 1815.
SIR,

1 have the honour to report, that the Peacock and this ship,
having continued off Christian D'Acunha, the number of days
directed by you, in your letter of instructions, proceeded in com-
pany to the eastward on the 12th of April, bound to the second
place ol rendezvous. Nothing of any importance occurred to us
until the 27th of April, when at 7 A. M. in latitude 38 30 south
and longitude 33 east, wc made a strange sail to the south east to

495

which we gave chase. The wind was from the north east by north
and light throughout the day, and by sun-down we had neared
the chase considerably. It "was calm during the night, and at
day-light on the 28th he was still in sight. A breeze springing up
from the north west, we crouded sail with steering sails on both
sides ; the chase standing to the northward upon a wind. At 2
45 F. M. the Peacock was about six miles ahead of this ship ; and
observing that she appeared to be suspicious of the chase, I took
in starboard steering sails, and hauled up for the Peacock. I was
fctill, however, of opinion that the chase was an Indiaman, though
indeed the atmosphere was quite smoky and indistinct, and I con-
cluded, as she was very large, that captain Warrington was wait-
ing for me to join him'that we might together go along side of her.
At 3 22 P. M. the Peacock made the signal that the chase was a
ship of the line and an enemy. I immediately took in all steering
sails, and hauled upon a wind ; the enemy then upon our lee
quarter, distant about eight miles. By sun-clown I had perceived
the enemy sailed remarkably fast, and was very weatherly. At
9 P.M. as the enemy was gaining upon us, and as there was every
appearance that he would be enabled to keep sight of us during
the night, I considered it necessary to lighten this ship. I there-
fore threw overboard 12 tons of kentledge, part of our shot, some
of our heavy spars, cut away the sheet anchor and cable, and
started the "wedges of the masts. At 2 A. M. the enemy being
rather before our lee-beam, I tacked to the westward ; the enemy
also tacked and continued in chase of us. At day-light, on the 29th,
he was within gun shot upon our lee quarter. At 7 A. M. having
hoisted English colours, and a rear admiral's flag, he commenced
firing from his bow guns. As his shot went over us, I cut away
the remaining anchor and cable, threw overboard the launch, six
of our guns, more of our shot, and every heavy article that was
at hand ; the enemy fired about thirty shot, not one of which took
effect, though most of them passed over us. While he was firing,
1 had the satisfaction to perceive that we slowly dropt him, and
at 9 A. M. he ceased his fire.

At 11 A. M. the enemy was again coming up with us. I now
therefore threw overboard all our remaining guns but one long
gun, nearly all our shot, all our spare spars, cut away the top-
gallant forecastle, and cleared every thing off" deck, as well as
from below, to lighten us as much as possible. At noon the ene-
my again commenced firing. He fired many shot, only three of
which came on board ; two striking the hull and one passing
through the. jib. It is, however, extraordinary, that every shot
did not take effect, for the enemy, the second time he commenced
firing, was certainly within three quarters of a mile of this ship,
and the sea quite smooth.

I perceived from his sails that the effect of his fire was to deaden
his wind, and at 2 P. M. he again ceased firing. At 2 30 P. M.
the wind which had previously, and greatly to our disadvantage,
backed to the south east, hatded to rlie westward, and freshed up.

496

At sun-down the enemy was about four miles astern. The wind
was fresh, and we went at the rate of nine knots throughout the
night. We saw the enemy at intervals through the squalls dur-
ing the night, and at day-light on the 30th he was about 12 miles
astern, still in chase of us. At 9 30 A. M. he took in steering
sails, reefed his top-sails and hauled to the eastward, and at 11
A. M. he was entirely out of sight. During the chase the enemy
appeared to be very crank, and I therefore conclude he must
have lightened while in chase of us. I did not at any time fire
our stern chasers, because it was manifest the enemy injured hip
sailing by his firing.

As we had now no anchor, no cable, no boat, and but one gun,
there was of course an absolute necessity for relinquishing out
intended cruize ; and as in our then condition, it would have been
extremely hazardous on account otjthe enemy's cruizers, to ap-
proach our own coast, I considered it most advantageous to pro-
ceed for this port. I arrived here yesterday, and on my arrival
received information of the peace between the United States and
Great Britain. Permit me to state that it was with the most
painful reluctance, and upon the fullest conviction that it was in-
dispensable in order to prevent a greater misfortune, that I could
bring my mind to consent to part with my guns; and I beg leave
to request, that you will be pleased to move the honourable the
Secretary of the Navy, to call a court of inquiry to investigate the
loss of the armament of this ship. It will be very satisfactory to
me to have such an investigation.

I have the honour to be, &c,
J. BIDDLE.
Commodore Decatur.

Extract from the, journal of one of the officers of the Hornet.

"During this tedious and anxious chace, the wind was variable,
so as to oblige us to make a perfect circle round the enemy. Be-
tween 2 and 3 o'clock yesterday, not a person on board had the
most distant idea that there was a possibility of escape. We all
packed up our things, and waited until the enemy's shot would
compel us to heave to and surrender, which appeared certain.
Never has there been so evident an interposition of the goodness
of a Divine Father ; my heart with gratitude acknowledges his
supreme power and goodness. On the morning of the 28th it was
very calm, and nothing but murmurs were heard throughout the
ship, as it was feared we should lose' our anticipated prize; many
plans had been formed bv us for the disposal ot our plunder. The
seamen declared they would have the birth deck carpeted with
East India silk, supposing her an Indiaman from India; while the
officers, under the impression that she was from England, were
making arrangements how we should dispose of the money, porter,
cheese, Sfr. <5?c Nothing perplexed us more than the idea that

497

we should not be able to take out all the good things, before we
sho.ild be obliged to destroy her- We were regretting our stop
did not sail faster, as the Peacock would certainly capture her
first, and would take out many of the best and most valuable arti^
cles before we should get up. (This very circumstance of our not
sailing as fast as the Peacock, saved us in the first instance from
inevitable capture; for when captain Warrington made the signal
for the sail to be an enemy of superior force, we were four leagues
to windward.) We all calculated our fortunes were made, but alas !
" we caught a Tartar."

" During the latter part of the chace, when the shot and shells
were whistling about our ears, it was an interesting sight to be-
hold the varied countenances of our crew. They had kept the
deck during all the preceding night, employed continually in
lighting the ship, were excessively fatigued, and under momentary
expectation of falling into the hands of a barbarous and enraged
enemy. The shot that fell on the main deck, struck immediately
over the head of one of our gallant fellows, who had been wounded
in our glorious action with the Penguin, where he was lying in •
his cot very ill with his wounds; the shot was near coming through
the deck, and it threw innumerable splinters all around this poor
fellow, and struck down a small paper American ensign, which he
had hoisted over his bed. Destruction apparently stared us in the
face, if we did not soon surrender, yet no oificer, no man, in the
ship showed any disposition to let the enemy have the poor little
Hornet. Many of our men had been impressed and imprisoned
for years in their horrible service, and hated them and their nation
with the most deadly animosity ; while the rest of the crew, horror
struck by the relation of the sufferings of their ship-mates, who
had been in the power of the English, and now equally flushed
with rage, joined heartily in execrating the present authors of our
misfortune.

" Captain Biddle mustered the crew and told them he was pleased
with their conduct during the chase, and hoped still to perceive
that propriety of conduct which had always marked their character,
and that of the American tar generally, that we might soon expect
to be captured, &c. Not a dry eye was to be seen at the mention
of capture. The rugged hearts of the sailors, like ice before the
sun, warmed by the divine power of sympathy, wept in unison
with their brave commander. About 2 o'clock, the wind which
had crossed us, and put to the test all our nautical skill to steer
clear of the enemy, now veered in our favour and we left him.
This was truly a glorious victory over the horrors of banishment
and the terrors of a British floating dungeon. Quick as thought
every face was changed from the gloom of despair to the highest
smile of delight, and we began once more to breathe the sheets ot
liberty. The bitter sighs of regret were now chany*^ antl * Put
forth my expression of everlasting gratitude to J*'*6' tne supreme

198

Author of our being, who had thus signally delivered us from the
power of a cruel and vindictive enemy."

NEW YORK, August 24th, 1815.

SIR,

Conceiving it my duty to make known the treatment exhib-
ited by British officers and men to those who are so unfortunate
as to fall in their power, I am induced to acquaint you with the
following circumstances.

After the surrender of the Syren to the Medway, the officers and
crew of the former were, removed to the latter, the crew not being
allowed to take their clothing, &c. with them, so that the prize
crew had a fair opportunity of plundering such articles as they
thought proper, which opportunity they took care to profit by, as
many of our men were pillaged of every article they possessed,
excepting what they had on at the time ; and the officers in like
manner were plundered on board the Medway ; the midshipmen,
some of them, were completely stripped, others lost their watches,
&c.

For my own part, I came off with the loss of about half my
clothing, and thought myself well off when compared with the
losses ot my shipmates. The morning after our capture we were
mustered on the quarter deck to undergo a search ; the men were
there stript to the skin, and their clothing not returned, so that
many ot them were left without any thing more than a shirt and
trowsers; the next day Mr. Barton (the first lieutenant of the
Medway) distributed the clothing he had taken from our men to
his quarter masters and quarter gunners, in my presence. After
being on board the Medway five weeks, we were landed at Simon's
town, twenty- five miles to the eastward of the Cape of Good Hope,
myself and brother officers paroled, and the men inarched to Cape
town under an escort of dragoons, being, objiged to ford a lake
on the march, where the boys were compelled to go over on the
backs of the tall men ; this march of twenty-five miles was per-
formed in one day, and without shoes or food, the latter article
they were kept without four and twenty hours ; their shoes were
stolen by the crew of the Medway while they were asleep. After
remaining in this situation nearly eight months, without bed or
bedding (they were not even furnished with straw, and their ham-
mocks were taken on the plea of their being public property) we
were all embarked in different men of war and lndiamen, for
England; myself, with about sixty officers and men in the Cum-
berland 74, captain Baker : we were all put in the low cr gun-deck
without distinction, among their own crew, and ted on prisoners'
aiioT.'.^Uce ; and on my remonstrating with the captain for receiv-
ing such treatment, he ordered me off the quarter deck, with a
threat at the s.^me time iftJjut me in irons. We remained in this
situation eighteen u**f& Bftev VTiiich, lieutenants German, Gordon,

499

and myself, were removed to the Grampus, 50 guns, at St. Helena,
admitted to the ward room mess, and treated with civility.

I have the honour to be, &c

N. D. NICHOLSON.

Capt. Samuel Evans.

The following documents were accidentally omitted to be'

INSERTED IN THEIR PROPER PLACES ACCORDING TO THEIR
DATES.

Extract from Commodore Bainbridge^s Journal, containing mi-
nutes of the action with the British frigate Java.

"Wednesday, December 50th, 1812 (nautical time) in latitude
13 degrees, 6 minutes south, and longitude 39 west, ten leagues from
the coast of Brazil — commences with clear weather and mode-
rate breezes from east north-east, hoisted our ensign and pendant.
At 15 minutes past meridian, the ship hoisted her colours, an
English ensign having a signal flying at her main, red, yellow aad
red. At 1 26 P. M. being sufficiently from the land, and finding
the ship to be an English frigate, took in the main-sail and royals,
tacked ship and stood for the enemy. At 1 50 P. M. the enemy
bore down with the intention of raking us, which we avoided by
wearing. At 2 P. M. the enemy being within half a mile of us,
and to windward, and having hauled down his colours, except an
Union Jack at the mizen-mast head, induced me to give orders to
the officers of the 3d division to fire one gun ahead of the ene-
my to make him shortv his colours, which being done, brought on a
fire from us of the whole broadside, on which the enemy hoisted
his colours and immediately returned our fire. A general action
with round and grape then commenced, the enemy keeping at a
much greater distance than I wished, but could not bring him to
closer action without exposing ourselves to several rakes. Con-?
siderable manouvres were made by both vessels to rake and avoid
being raked. The following minutes were taken during the ac-
tion.

" At 2 10 P. M. commenced the action within good grape and
canister distance, the enemy to windward, but much further than
I wished. At 2 30 our wheel was shot entirely away. Two 40,
determined to close with the enemy, notwithstanding his raking,
set the fore and main-sail and luffed up close to him. Two 50,
the enemy's jib-boom got foul of our mizen-rigging, Three,
the head of the enemy's bowsprit and jib-boom shot away by us.
Three 5, shot away the enemy's foremast by the board. Three
15, shot away his main topmast just above the cap. Three 40,
shot away gaff and spanker boom. Three 55, shot away his
mizen mast nearly by the board. Four 5, having silenced the
fire of the enemy completely, and his colours in main rigging
being down, supposed he had struck, then hauled aboard the

500

courses to shoot ahead to repair our rigging which was extremely
cut, leaving the enemy a complete wreck. Soon after, discovered
the enemy's flag was still flying ; hove to, to repair some of our
damage. Four 20, the enemy's mainmast went nearly by the
board. Four 50, wore ship and stood for the enemy. Five 25,
got very close to the enemy in a very effectual raking position,
athwart his bows, and was at the very instant of raking him, when
he most prudently struck his flag, for had he suffered the broadside
to have raked him, his additional loss must have been extremely
great, as he laid an unmanageable wreck upon the water.

'* After the enemy had struck, wore ship and reefed the topsails,
then hoisted out one of the only two remaining boats we had
left out of eight, and sent lieutenant Parker, 1st of the Constitu-
tion, to take possession of the enemy, which proved to be his
Britannic majesty's frigate Java, rated 38 but carried 49 guns, and
manned with upwards of 400 men, commanded by captain Lam-
bert a very distinguished officer, who was mortally wounded.
The action continued from the commencement to the end of the
fire, one hour and fifty-five minutes. The Constitution had 9
killed and 25 wounded. The enemy had 60 killed and 101 cer-
tainly wounded; but by a letter written onboard the Constitution,
by one of the officers of the Java, and accidentally found,
it is evident the enemy's wounded must have been considerably
greater than as above stated, and who must have died of their
wounds previously to their being removed. The letter states 60
killed and 170 wounded. The Java had her own complement of
men complete, and upwards of 100 supernumeraries, going to join
the British ships of war in the East Indies ; also several officers,
passengers, going out on promotion. The force of the enemy in
number of men, at the commencement of the action, was no doubt
considerably greater than we have been able to ascertain, which is
upwards of 400 men. The officers were extremely cautious in
discovering the number. By her quarter bill she had one man
more stationed at each gun than we had.

f< The Constitution was very much cut in her sails and rigging and
many of her spars injured. At 7 P. M. the boat returned with
lieutenant Chads, the first lieutenant of the enemy's frigate, and
lieutenant general Hyslop, (appointed governor of Bombay) major
Walker and captain Wood, belonging to his staff. Captain Lam-
bert of the Java was too dangerously wounded to be removed im-
mediately. The cutter returned on board the prize for the
prisoners, and brought captain Marshall, master and commander
of the British navy, who was passenger on board, as also several
other naval officers, destined for ships in the East Indies.

The Java was an important ship, fitted out in the completest
manner, to carry lieutenant general Hyslop and staff' to Bombay,
and several naval officers for different ships in the East Indies j
and had despatches for St. Helena, Cape of Good Hope, and every
British establishment in the India and China sca9. She had on

501

board copper for a 74 and two brigs building at Bombay, and I
expect a great many other valuables ; but every thing was blown
up in her except the officers' baggage, when we set her on fire at 3
P. M. on the 1st of January, 1813, (nautical time.")

Prisoner on board the American frig-ate Constitution, St. Salvador,

January 1st, 1815, Brazils.

My dear sir,

I am sorry to inform you ot the unpleasant news of Mr.
Gascoigne's death. Mr. Gascoigne and myself were shipmates in
the Marlboro, and first came to sea together. He was shot in the
early part of the action by a round shot in his right thigh, and
died a few minutes after; four others of his messmates shared
the same fate, together with 60 men killed and 170 wounded.
The official account you no doubt heard of before this reaches
you. I beg you will let all his friends and relations hear of his
untimely fate. We were on board the Java frigate for a passage
to India, when we fell in with this frigate. Two parcels I have
sent you under good care — hope this will reach you safe.

Yours truly,
H. D. CORNECK.

Ut. Peter V. Wood, 22d regiment of foot,

Isle of France or Bourbon, East Indies.
A true copy,

WILLIAM BAINBRIDGE.

CAPTURE OF THE BOXER.

UNITED STATES' BRIG ENTERPR1ZE, PORTLAND,

September 7th, 1813.

SIR,

In consequence of the unfortunate death of lieutenant com-
mandant William Burrows, late commander of this vessel, it
devolves on me to acquaint you with the result of our cruize.
After sailing from Portsmouth on the 1st instant, we steered to
the eastward : and on the morning of the 3d, off Wood Island,
discovered a schooner, which we chased into this harbor, where
we anchored. On the morning of the 4th weighed anchor and
swept out, and continued our cruize to the eastward. Having
received information of several privateers being off Manhagan,
we stood for that place ; and on the following morning, in the
bay near Penguin Point, discovered a brig getting under weigh,
which appeared to be a vessel of war, and to which we immediately
gave chase. She fired several guns and stood for us, having four
ensigns hoisted. After reconnoitering and discovering her force,
and the nation to which she belonged, we hauled upon a wind to
stand out of the bay, and at 3 o'clock shortened sail, tacked and
run down with an intention to bring her to close action. At
20 minutes after 3 P. M. when within half pistol shot, the firing
commenced from both, and after being warmly kept up, and with

502

some manouvring, the enemy hailed and said they had surrender-
ed, about 4 P. Mi Their colours being nailed to the masts, could
not be hauled down. She proved to be his Britannic majesty's
brig BoXer, of 14 guns, Samuel Blythe, esquire, commander, who
fell in the early part of the engagement, having received a cannon
shot through the body. And I am sorry to add that lieutenant
Burrows, who had gallantly led us to action, fell also about the
same time by a musket ball, which terminated his existence in 8
hours.

The Enterprize suffered much in spars and rigging, and the
Boxer both in spars, rigging and hull, having many shots between
wind and water. It would be doing injustice to the merit of Mr.
Tillinghast, 2d lieutenant, were I not to mention the able assist-
ance I received from him during the remainder of the engagement,
by his strict attention to his own division and other departments.
And the officers and crew, generally, I am happy to add, from their
cool and determined conduct have my warmest approbation
and applause.

As no muster roll that can be fully relied on came into my
possession, I cannot exactlv state the number killed on board the
Boxer ; but from information received from the officers ot that
vessel, it appears there were between twenty and twenty-five
killed, and fourteen wounded. Enclosed is a list of killed and
wounded on board the Enterprize.

I have the honour to be, &.c.

EDWARD R, M' C ALL, senior officer.

Isaac Hull, Esquire.

Kim.ku, 1. Wounded, 13 — of whom lieutenant Burrows, com-
mander, midshipman Kervan Waters, and carpenter's mateElisha
Blossom, have since died.

Officers killed and wounded in the battle of Niagara.

Killed. Major M'Farland, 23d infantry. Captain Ritchie,
corps of artillery. Captain Hull, 9th infantry. Captain M'Kin-
nev, 25th do. Captain Goodrich, 11th do. 1st lieutenant Bige-
low, 21st do. 1st lieutenant Turner, 9th do. 2d lieutenant
Burghardt, 9th do. Ensign Hunter, 25th do. Captain Hooper,
New York volunteers. Adjutant Poe, Pennsylvania volunteers.

Wounded. Major general Brown, severely. Captain Spencer,
his aid (since dead). Artillery, captain Biddle, slightly. 2d lieu
tenant Campbell, badly. 2d lieutenant Schmuck, severely.

First brigade. Brigadier general Scott, severely. Lieutenant
J. D. Smith, 5th infantrv, brigade major, badly. Lieutenant
Worth, 23d infantrv, A.'l). C. severely. Major Leavenworth,
slightly. Captain VV. L. Foster, slightly. Lieutenant and pay-
master Fowle, slightly. Lieutenant "and* quarter master Brown-
iug, slightly. 2d lieutenant Fisher, severely. 3d lieutenant

503

Cushman, slightly. Ensign G. Jacobs, severely. Ensign J. P.
Jacobs, slightly. Ensign Blake slightly. 1 lth * infantry— major
M'Neil, severely. Captain Bliss, badly. 1st lieutenant Hail,
slightly. 2d lieutenant Cooper, slightly. 3d lieutenant Stephenson,
slightly. Ensign Bedford, slightly. Ensign Thompson (26th, doing
duty in the 11th, severely. 22d infantry — colonel Brady, severely.
Captain Pentlant, severely. Captain Faulk, severely. 1st lieu-
tenant Culbertson, severely. 1st lieutenant Furguson, canister
shot in the hand. 2d lieutenant Armstrong, dangerously. 3d lieu-
tenant Bean, slightly. 25th infantry— Major Jessup, severely.
Lieutenant and adjutant Shaylor, severely. Lieutenant and quar-
ter master M'Glassi, badly. 3d lieutenant Giaftbrd seTerely-

Second brigade. 1st infantry — 1st lieutenant Vasquiz, slightly.
1st lieutenant Bissel, slightly. 21st infantry — Captain Burbank,
severelv. 1st lieutenant Cilley, severely. 2d lieutenant Fisk
(of the "l 9th attached) slightly. Ensign Jones, slightly. Ensign
Camp (2d rifle regiment attached) slightly. Ensign Thomas,
slightly. 23d infantry — Captain Odell, severely. 1st lieutenant
H. Whiting, severely. 2d lieutenant Ingersoll. slightly. 2d
lieutenant Tappan, slightly. 3d lieutenant Abeel, slightly. 3d
lieutenant Deitereich, slightly. 3d lieutenant Lamb, severely.

Brigadcer general porter's command. New York volun-
teers— Lieutenant colonel Dobbin, slightly. Lieutenant O'Fling,
slightly. Pennsylvania volunteers — major Wood, severely. Quar-
ter master Maclay, severely. Lieutenant Dick, severely. Briga-
dier general Porter was slightly wounded, but declined being re-
ported.

Officers missing. 1st lieutenant Perry, 9th infantry, a prisoner.
3d lieutenant Webster, severely, shot in the head and taken pri-
soner. Lieuteants Sturgis, Keps and Davidson, 2d infantry, sup-
posed to be killed. Volunteers — Brigade major Stanton, of New
York, taken prisoner. Captain Roberts, of Pennsylvania, taken
prisoner. Lieutenant Hunt, of New York, supposed to be killed.

BRITISH PRISONERS TAKEN.

One major general, (Riall, severely wounded in the arm.) 1 aid-
de-camp. 1 captain and 2 subalterns of the 103d regiment. 1
captain 89th regiment. 1 captain provincial dragoons. 3 captains,
2 subalterns. Militia. — 1 lieutenant royal engineers. 3 subalterns
royal Scotts. 1 do. Glengary corps. Quarter master of 8th or
King's regiment. Quarter master of 41st regiment, and 150 rank
and file. Aggregate 169.

5U4

Treaty of peace and amity between his Britannic majesty and
the United States of America.

His Britannic majesty, and the United States of Vmerica
desirous of terminating the war which lias unhappily subsisted be-
tween the two countries, and of restoring, upon principles of per-
fect reciprocity, peace, friendship, and good understanding be-
tween them, have, for that purpose, appointed their respective
plenipotentiaries, that is to say: His Britannic majesty, on his
part, has appointed the right honourable James lord Gambier, lat
admiral of the white, now admiral of the red squadron of hi^
majesty's fleet, Henry Goulburn, esquire, a member of the impe-
rial parliament, and under secretary of state, and William Adams
esquire, doctor of civil laws : And the president of the United
States, by and with the advice and consent of the senate thereof,
has appointed John Quincy Adams, James A. Bayard, Henry Clay'
Jonathan Russell, and Albert Gallatin, citizens of the United
States, who, after a reciprocal communication of their respective
full powers, have agreed upon the following articles:

Art. 1. There shall be a firm and universal peace between his
Britannic majesty and the United States, and between their re-
spective countries, territories, cities, towns, and people, of every
degree, without exception of places or persons. All hostilities,
both by sea and land, shall cease as soon as this treaty shall have
been ratified by both parties, as hereinafter mentioned. All terri-
tory, places, and possessions whatsoever, taken by either party
from the other, during the war, or which may be taken after the
signing of this treaty, excepting only the islands hereinafter
mentioned, shall be restored without delay, and without causing
any destruction, or carrying away any of the artillery or other
public property originally captured in the said forts or places, and
which shall remain therein upon the exchange of the ratifications
of this treaty, or any slaves or other private property. And all
archives, records, deeds, and papers, either of a public nature, or
belonging to private persons, which, in the course of the war.
may have fallen into the hands of the officers of either party j
shall be, as far as may be practicable, forthwith restored and de-
livered to the proper authorities and persons to whom they res-
pectively belong. Such of the islands in the Bay of Passamaquoddy
as arc claimed by both parties, shall remain in the possession of
the party in whose occupation they may be at the time of the ex-
change of the ratifications of this treaty, until the decision res-
pecting the title to the said islands shall have been made in
conformity with the fourth article of this treaty. No disposition
made by this treaty, as to such possession of the islands and terri-
tories claimed by both parties, shall, in any manner whatever, be
construed to affect the right of either.

Art. 2. Immediately after the ratifications of this treaty by
both parties, as hereinafter mentioned, orders shall be sent to the

505

armies, squadrons, officers, subjects, and citizens, of the two pow-
ers, to cease from all hostilities: and, to prevent all causes of
complaint which might arise on account of the prizes which may
be taken at se:i after the said ratifications of this treaty, it is re-
ciprocally agreed, that all vessels and effects which may be taken
after the space of twelve days from the said ratifications, upon
all parts of the coast of North America, from the latitude of
twenty-three degrees north, to the latitude of fifty degrees north,
and as far eastward in the Atlantic ocean as the thirty-sixth de-
gree of west longitude from the meridian of Greenwich, shall be
restored on each side : That the time shall be thirty days in all
other parts of the Atlantic ocean, north of the equinoctial line 01
equator, and the same time for the British and Irish channels, for
the Gulf of Mexico, and all parts of the West Indies: forty days
for the North seas, forthe Baltic, and for all parts of the Mediter-
ranean : sixty days for the Atlantic ocean south of the equator,
as far as the latitude of the Cape of Good Hope: ninety days
for every other part of the world south of the equator : and -one
hundred and twenty days for all other parts of the world, with-
out exception.

Art. 3. All prisoners of war taken on either side, as well by
land as by sea, shall be restored as soon as practicable after the
ratifications of this treaty, as hereinafter mentioned, on their
paying the debts which they may have contracted during their
captivity. The two contracting parties respectively engage to
discharge, in specie, the advances which may have been made by
the other forthe sustenance and maintenance of such prisoners.
, Art. 4. Whereas it was stipulated by die second article in the
treaty of peace, of one thousand seven hundred and eighty three,
between his Britannic majesty and the United States of America,
that the boundary of the United States should comprehend all
islands within twenty leagues of anv p*t of the shores of the
United States, and lying between lines toJbe drawn due east from
the points where the aforesaid boundaries, between Nova Sco
tia, on the one part, and East Florida, on the other, shall respec-
tively touch the Bay of Fundy, and the Atlantic ocean, excepting
such islands as now are, or heretofore have been, within the limits
of Nova Scotia; and whereas the several islands in the Bav of
Passamaquoddy, which is part of the Bay of Fundy, and the
island of Grand Menan, in the said Bay of Fundy, are claimed
by the United States, as being comprehended within their afore-
said boundaries, which said islands are claimed as belonirin<r to
his Britannic majesty, as having been at the time of, and pre-
vious to, the aforesaid treaty of one thousand seven hundred and
eighty-three, within the limits of the province of Nova Scotia :
in order, therefore, finally to decide upon these claims, it is
agreed that they shall be referred to two commisioners to be ap-
pointed in the following manner, viz,: one commissioner shall be
appointed by his Britannic majesty, and one bv the president of
64

506

the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the
senate thereof, and the said two commissioners so appointed, shall
be sworn impartially to examine and decide upon the said claims,
according to such evidence as shall be laid before them on the part
of his Britannic majesty and of the United States, respectively.
The said commissioners shall meet at St. Andrews, in the pro-
vince of New Brunswick, and shall have power to adjourn to such
Dther place or places as they shall think fit. The said commiss-
ioners shall, by a declaration or report, under their hands and
ieals, decide to which of the two contracting parties the several
islands aforesaid do respectively belong, in conformity with the
true intent of the said treaty of peace of one thousand seven
hundred and eighty-three. And if the said commissioners shall
agree in their decision, both parties shall consider such decision
as final and conclusive. It is further agreed, that in the event
of the two commissioners differing upon all or any of the matters
so referred to them, or in the event of both or either of the said
commissioners refusing, or declining, or wilfully omitting, to act as
such, they shall make, jointly or separately, a report or repots, as
well to the government of his Britannic majesty as to that of the
United States, stating, in detail, the points on which they differ,
and the grounds upon which their respective opinions have been for-
med or the grounds upon which they, or either of them, have so re !
fused, declined, or omitted to act. And his Britannic majesty,
and the government of the United States, hereby agree to refer
the report or reports of the said commissioners, to some friend-
ly sovereign or state, to be then named for that purpose, and who
shall be requested to decide on the differences which may be sta-
ted in the said report or reports, or upon the report of one com-
missioner, together with the grounds upon which the other
commissioner shall h^ve refused, declined, or omitted to act, as .
the case may be. And if the commissioner so refusing, declin-
ing, or omitting to act, shall also wilfully omit to state the grounds
upon which he has so done, in such manner that the said statement
may be referred to such friendly sovereign or state, together with
the report of such other commissioner, then such sovereign or
state shall decide, ex parte, upon the said report alone. And his
Britannic majesty and the government of the United States en-
gage to consider the decision of such friendly sovereign or state
to be final and conclusive on all the matters so referred.

Art. 5. Whereas neither that point of the highlands lying due
north from the source of the river St. Croix, and designated, in
the former treaty of peace between the two powers, as the north-
west angle of > ova Scotia, nor the northwesternmost head of
Connecticut river, has yet been ascertained ; and whereas that
part of the boundary line between the dominions of the two
powers which extends from the source of the river St. Croix
directly north to" the above mentioned northwest angle of Nova
sYotia, thence along the said highlands which divide those rivers

507

that empty themselves into the river St. Lawrence, from tkosie
Which fall into the Atlantic ocean, to the northwesternmost head
of Connecticut river; thence, down along the middle of that
river, to the forty-fifth degree of north latitude ; thence, by a line
due west on said latitude, until it strikes the river Iroquois or
Cataraguy, has not yet been surveyed ; it is agreed, that for these
several purposes, two commissioners shall be appointed, sworn,
and authorized, to act exactly in the mannei directed with respect
to those mentioned in the next preceding article* Unless other-
wise specified in the present article. The said commissioners
shall meet at St. Andrews, in the province of New Brunswick,
and shall have power to adjourn to such other place or places as
they shall think fit. The said commissioners shall have power to
ascertain and determine the points abovementioned, in conformity
with the provisions of the said treaty of peace of one thousand
•even hundred and eighty-three, and shall cause the boundary
aforesaid, from the source of the river St. Croix to the river
Iroquois or Cataraguy, to be surveyed and marked according to
the said provisions. The said commissioners shall make a map
of the said boundary, and annex to it a declaration under their
hands and seals, certifying it to be the true map of the said boun-
dary, and particularizing the latitude and longitude of the north-
west angle of Nova Scotia, of the north-Weiternmost head of
Connecticut river, and of such other points of the said boundary
as they may deem proper. And both parties agree to consider
such map and declaration as finally and conclusively fixing the
said boundary. And, in the event of the said two commissioners
differing, or both, or either of them* refusing, or declining, or
wilfully omitting to act, such reports, declarations, or statements,
shall be made by them, or either of them, and such reference to
a friendly sovereign or state shall be made, in all respects, as in
the latter part of the fourth article is contained, and in as full a
manner as if the same was herein repeated.

Art. 6. Whereas, by the former treatv of peace, that por-
tion of the boundary of the United States, from the point where
the forty-fifth degree of north latitude strikes the river Iroquois
or Cataraguy to the lake Superior, was declared to be " along the
middle of said river into lake Ontario, through the middle of
said lake until it strikes the communication by water between
that lake and lake Erie, thence along the middle of said commu-
nication into lake Erie, through the middle of said lake, until it
arrives at the water communication into the lake Huron, thence
through the middle of said lake to the wafer communication be-
tween that lake and lake Superior," And whereas doubts have
arisen what was the middle of the said river, lakes, and water
communications, and whether certain islands lying in the same
were within the dominions of his Britannic majesty or of the
United States : in order, therefore, finally to decide these doubts
they shall be referred to two commissioners, to be appointed.

508

sworn, and authorized to act, exactly in the. manner directed
With respect to those mentioned in the next preceding article
Unless otherwise specified in this present article. The said com-
missioners shall meet, in the first instance, at Albany, in the
state of New York, and shall have power to adjourn to such
other place or places as they shall think fit: the said commis-
sioners shall, by a report or declaration, under their hands and
seals, designate the boundary through the said river, lakes, and
water communications, and decide to which of the two contract-
ing parties the several islands lying within the said river, lakes,
and water communications, do respectively belong, in conformity
with the true intent of the said treaty of one thousand seven hun-
dred and eighty -three. And both parties agree to consider such
designation and decision as final and conclusive. And, in the
event of the said two commissioners differing, or both, or either
of them, refusing, declining or wilfully omitting to act, such re-
ports, declarations, or statements, shall be made by them, or
either of them, and such reference to a friendly sovereign or state
shall be made, in all respects, as in the latter part of the fourth
article is contained, and in as full a manner as if the same was
herein repeated.

Art. T. It is further agreed, that the said two last mentioned
commissioners, after they shall have executed the duties assigned
to them in the preceding article, shall be, and they are hereby au-
thorized, upon their oaths, impartially to fix and determine, ac-
cording to the true intent of the said treaty of peace of one
thousand seven hundred and eighty-three, that part of the boun-
dary between the dominions of the two powers, which extendi
from the water communication between lake Huron and lake Su-
perior, to the most northwestern joint of the lake of the Woods,
to decide to which of the two parlies the several islands lying in
the lakes, water communications, and rivers, forming the sjdd
boundarv, do respectively belong, in conformity with the true in-
tent, of the raid treaty of peace of one thousand seven hundred
and eighty-three ; and to cause such parts of the said boundary
as require if, to be surveyed and marked. The said commission-
er^ shall, by a report or declaration under their hands and seals,
designate the boundary aforesaid, state their decision on the
joints thus referred to them* and particularize the latitude and
ongitude of the most northwestern point of the lake of the
Woods, and of such other parts of the said boundary as they may
deem proper. And both parties agree to consider such designa-
tion and decision as final and conclusive. And, in the event ot
the said two commissioners differing, or both, or either of them,
refusing, declining, or wilfully omitting to act, such reports,
declarations, or statements, shall be made by them, or either ot
them, and such reference to a friendly sovereign or state, shall be
made, in all respects, as in the latter part of the fourth article is

509

contained, and in as full a manner as if the same was herein
repeated.

Art. 8. The several boards of two commissioners mentioned
in the four preceding articles, shall, respectively, have power to
appoint a secretary, and to employ such surveyors or other per-
sons as they shall judge necessary. Duplicates of all their res-
pective reports, declarations, statements, and decisions, and of
their accounts, and of the journal of their proceedings, shall be
delivered by them to the agents of his Britannic majesty, and to
the agents of the United States, who may be respectively appoint-
ed and authorized to manage the business on behalf of their rej
spective governments. The said commissioners shall be, respec-
tively, paid in such manner as shall be agreed between the two
contracting parties, such agreement being to be settled at the time
of the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty. And all other
expenses attending the said commission shall be defrayed equal-
ly, by the two parties. And in the case of death, sickness, re-
signation, or necessary absence, the place of every such commis-
sioner, respectively, shall be supplied in the same manner as such
commissioner was first appointed, and the new commissioner shall
take the same oath or affirmation, and do the same duties. It is
further agreed between the two contracting parties, that in case
any of the islands mentioned in any of the preceding articles,
which were in the possession of one ofthe parties prior to the com-
mencement of the present war between the two countries, should,
by the decision of any of the boards of commissioners aforesaid,
or of the sovereign or state so referred to, as in the four next pre-
ceding articles contained, fill within the dominions ofthe other
party, all grants of land made previous to the commencement of
the war by the partv having had such possession, shall be as valid
as if such island or islands had, by such decision or decisions,
been adjudged to be within the dominions of the party having had
such possession.

Art. 9. The United States of America engage to put an end,
immediately after the ratification of the present treaty, to hostili-
ties with all the tribes or nations of Indians, with whom they may
be at war at the time of such ratification ; and forthwith to restore
to such tribes or nations, respectively, all the possessions, rights,
and privileges, which they may have'enjoyed or been entitled to
in one thousand eight hundred and eleven, previous to such hosti
lities: provided always, that such tribes or nations shall agree to
desist from all hostilities against the United States pi America.
their citizens and subjects, upon the ratification ot the present
treaty being notified to such tribes or nations, and shall so desisl
according. And his Britannic majesty engages, on hia part, t.)
put an end, immediately after the ratification of the present tr<
to hostilities with all the tnbes or nations of Indians y.iUi jM.o^
he may be at war at the time of such ratification, and toithwitu
to restore to such tribes or nations re?nectr sly. ' ruw"

510

aions, rights, and privileges, which they may have enjoyed of
been entitled to, in one thousand eight hundred and eleven,
previous to such hostilities : provided always, that such tribes or
nations shall agree to desist from all hostilities against his Bri-
tannic majesty, and his subjects, upon the ratification of the pre-
sent treaty being notified to such tribes or nations, and shall so
desist according!}'.

Art. 10. Whereas the traffic in slaves is irreconcileable with
the principles of humanity and justice, and whereas both his ma-
jesty and the United States are desirous of continuing their efforts
to promote its entire abolition, it is hereby agreed, that both the
contracting parties shall use their best endeavors to accomplish
so desirable an object.

Art. 1 1 . This treaty, when the same shall have been ratified on
both sides, without alteration by either of the contracting parties,
and the ratifications mutually exchanged, shall be binding on both
parties ; and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington,
in the space of four months from this day, or sooner, if practica-
ble.

In faith whereof, we, the respective plenipotentiaries, have signed
this treaty, and have hereunto affixed our seals.

Done, in triplicate, at Ghent, the twenty-fourth day of Decem-
ber, one thousand eight hundred and fourteen.

ft. s.] GAMBIER,

l. s.1 HENRY GOULBURN,

l. s.j WILLIAM ADAMS,

3l. s.j JOHN QUINCY ADAMS,

"l. s.J J. A. BAYARD,

3l. s.1 H. CLAY,

[l. s.1 JONA. RUSSELL,

[l.s.] ALBERT GALLATIN.

H 96 8 9 M

% 'o

v?2%*>* o

■<-

*°

<fc% e. 0 • -

6* :£m&£« **> v*

••^-^

""W

:• +*

» « «

• » o

'*<&» .</ ♦!%

' ' 4lT

^ *

>* ..*••♦ *<

> Jfr

f*°*.

°* »,k^

H KM AN

BIN HY INC.

^^ AUG 89

TCttraf N. MANCHESTER,
^5fe^ INDIANA 46962

J.0**.

LiBRARY OF CONGRESS

0 010 337 605 1

Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Books

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

Full text of "Official letters of the military and naval officers of the United States, during the war with Great Britain in the years 1812, 13, 14, & 15 : with some additional letters and documents elucidating the history of that period"

See other formats