This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project
to make the world's books discoverable online.
It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject
to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books
are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover.
Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the
publisher to a library and finally to you.
Usage guidelines
Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.
We also ask that you:
+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for
personal, non-commercial purposes.
+ Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.
+ Maintain attribution The Google "watermark" you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.
+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe.
About Google Book Search
Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers
discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web
at|http : //books . google . com/
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
E
On
no3
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
BBEV15T BIlKiADIKR (IKXKRAL O. SIJMMEES, IT. S. V., UOMMA^fDINQ
SKCOK^l) UEKtiOX 1*. H. VOMJNTEBm INPANTEY.
Hosted by
Google
THE
OFFICIAL RECORDS
OREGON VOLUNTEERS
SPANISH WAR
PHILIPPINE INSURRECTION
COMPILED ♦BY
BRIGADIER GENERAL C. U. GANTENBEIN
Former Adjutant General, State of Oregon, and late
Major Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry.
SECONB EDITIOIS^
PRINTED UNDER DIRECTION OF
BRIGADIER GENERAL W. E. PINZER
Adjutant General, State of Oregon, and Late First
Lieutenant Second Oregon U. S Volunteer In-
fantry. Captain Third Infantry, 0. N. G.
"':i^^::6v
■ri
/ '
SAIiEM, OREGON
J. R. WHITNEY, STATE PRINTER
1903
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
M.'-
3 ^ ^"^ - r
HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 6.
Reaolved by the House, the Senate concurring :
That the State Printer be and he is hereby directed to print and bind in proper form
one thousand four hundred and forty additional copies of the "Official Records of the
Oregon Volunteers in the Spanish War and Philippine Insurrection," to be paid out of
the fund appropriated for the maintenance of the Oregon National Guard. One volume
to be distributed by the Adjutant General to each of the privates who served in the
Second Oregon United States Volunteer Infantry, and in Batteries A and B, Oregon
United States Volunteer Light Artillery, the remainder thereof, if any, to be disposed
of as the Governor may direct.
Passed by the House February 16, 1903. t n. tx . ^^.^
Li. 1. xlAKRIo,
Speaker of the House.
Passed by the senate February 18, 1903. Geo. C. Bbownbi.1,,
President of the Senate.
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
PREFACE.
This second edition of the " Official Records of the Oregon
Volunteers in the Spanish War and Philippine Insurrection,"
was authorized by the Legislative Assembly of 1903, conferred
in House Joint Resolution No. 6, which reads as follows :
^^ Besolvedhy the House, the Senate concurring : That the State Printer be
and he is hereby directed to print and bind in proper form, one thousand
four hundred and forty .additional copies of the 'Official Record of the Ore-
g-on Volunteers in the Spanish War and Philippine Insurrection,' to be paid
out of the fund appropriated for the maintenance of the Oregon National
Guard. One volume to be distributed by the Adjutant General to each of
the privates who served in the Second Oregon United States Volunteer In-
fantry, and in Batteries A and B, Oregon United States Volunteer Light
Artillery, the remainder thereof, if any, to be disposed of as the Governor
may direct."
In accordance with the above resolution Brigadier General
C. U. Gantenbein, late Adjutant General, instructed the State
Printer to proceed with the printing of the "Records," and
when I assumed the duties of Adjutant General, by appoint-
ment from His Excellency, Governor Geo. E. Chamberlain, I
took up the work where it was left off by my predecessor, and
have given the State Printer such assistance as was possible
with the idea of having these records published in a manner
befitting the services of the late Volunteers.
The greatest care has been exercised to avoid mistakes in
copying the first edition. The proofs, after being read in the
State Printer's office, were carefully read and corrected by me,
assisted by Captain L. H. Knapp, Quartermaster, Third Infan-
try, O. N. G.
This volume is an exact copy of the first edition, with the
exception of a few minor corrections made by me, and the sub-
stituting of a more serviceable paper for the heavy, brittle,
glazed paper that experience taught was very hard to bind into
Hosted by
Google
Vi PREFACE.
a serviceable volume. After careful consideration and consul-
tation with the Military Board, I decided to substitute a fancy
cloth binding in place of a full sheep, thereby making a more
attractive volume, less liable to break, and withal, just as lasting.
W. E. FINZER,
Adjutant General.
Portland, Oregon, December 14, 1903.
Hosted by
Google
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
Introduction yj^
Summary of Principal Events Connected with Military Operations in the Philip-
pine Islands i
Summary of Principal events Connected with Operations of Second Oregon Volun-
teer Infantry 21
Official History of Operations of Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry 15
ABSTRACTS OF MUSTER ROLLS.
Field, Staff, and Band 99
Company A ^ ^^03
Company B ]^28
Company C i^
Company D 170
Company E 197
Company F 216
Company G 242
Company H _ 269
Company I 286
Company K 3Qg
Company L 329
Company M 35O
Battery A . 372
Battery B 334
REPORTS OF GENERAL OFFICERS, WITH APPENDED REPORTS OF OREGON
VOLUNTEER OFFICERS.
Report of Maj. Gen. E. S. Otis, U. S. V., Commanding Department of the Pacific
and Eighth Army Corps, Military Governor in the Philippine Islands 397
Report of Brig. Gen. Irving Hale, U. S. V., Commanding Second Brigade, Second
Division, Eighth Army Corps, of Operations of his Brigade near Waterworks,
February 6 to 9, 1899 532
Report of Col. John M. Stotsenburg, First Nebraska U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of
Operations near Pumping Station, dated February 25, 1899 534
Report of Capt. R. H. Barber, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Recon-
noissance along Mariquina Road, dated February 25, 1899 535
Report of Second Lieut. Charles A. Murphy, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infan-
try, Commanding Hotchkiss and Gatling Battery, of Reconnoissance along
Mariquina Road, dated February 24, 1899 537
Report of Brig. Gen. R. P. Hughes, U. S. V., Provost Marshal General in Manila, of
Fires and Accompanying Events that Occurred February 22 and 23, 1899 538
Report of Maj. G. A. Goodale, Twenty-third U. S. Infantry, of Pursuit of Insurgents
in Tondo, February 23, 1899 .,„,„ ^.,_^_^^__^ „,__.,_,__,__ 540
Hosted by
Google
Vlll TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
Report of Capt. J. M. Poorman, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Pursuit
of Insurgents in Tondo, February 23, 1899 „„_— 541
Report of Capt. R. E. Davis, Second Oregon TJ. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Pursuit of
Insurgents in Tondo, February 23, 1899___- 542
Report of Maj. Percy Willis, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Pursuit
of Insurgents in Tondo, B^'ebruary 23, 1899 . 543
Report of Brig. Gen. Loyd Wheaton, U. S. V., of Operations Along the Pasig River,
March 13 to 19, 1899 546
Report of Brig. Gen. Loyd Wheaton, U. S. V., of Operations of His Brigade, March
22 to 31, 1899 - 548
Report of Col. O. Summers, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Operations
His of Regiment, March 24 to 31, 1899 552
Report of Maj. Gen, H. W. Lawton, U. S. V., of San Isidro or Northern Expedition,
April 22 to May 30, 1899 555
Report of Brevet Maj. J. F. Case, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, Acting
Engineer Officer, First Division, Eighth Army Corps, April 27 to May 31, 1899— 578
Report of Maj. Herbert W. Cardwell, U. S. V., Chief Surgeon, First Division, Eighth
Army Corps, April 21 to May 30, 1899 581
Report of Brevet Brig. Gen. O. Summers, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry,
Commanding Provisional Brigade, First Division, Eighth Army Corps, April
22 to May 25, 1899 585
Report of Maj. P. G. Eastwick, Jr., Second Oregon TJ. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Re-
connoissance near Angat, April 26, 1899 592
Report of Col. O. Summers, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Operation
of Provisional Brigade near Marunco, April 29, 1899 593
Report of Col. O. Summers, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, Commanding
Provisional Brigade, of Capture of San Rafael, May 1, 1899 - 594
Report of Lieut. Col. George O. Yoran, Commanding Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer
Infantry, of Capture of San Antonio, May 19, 1899 595
Telegram of Maj. Gen. H. W. Lawton, U. S. V., Reporting Capture of San Antonio,
dated May 21, 1899 596
Report of Maj. Gen. H. W. Lawton, U. S. V., of Expedition to the Province of
Morong, June 2 to 8, 1899 597
Report of Brig. Gen. Robert H. Hall, U. S. V., Commanding Third Brigade, Second
Division, Eighth Army Corps, of Operations of his brigade on Morong Expe-
dition, June 2 to 8, 1899 „ 600
Report of Brevet Brig. Gen. O. Summers, Commanding Second Oregon U. S. Vol-
unteer Infantry, of Operations of his Regiment on Morong Expedition, June
2 to 7, 1899 603
APPENDIX.
Orders for Mobilization and Organization of Oregon Volunteers — 607
Report of Col. O. Summers, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Transpor-
tation of his Command from San Francisco to Manila, dated July 8, 1898 615
Report of Maj. M. H. Ellis, Surgeon Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of
Medical and Sanitary Conditions Existing on Steamship Australia, dated
December 29, 1898 „_ .___ „_...„_.,_ - 616
Hosted by
Google
TABLE OF CONTENTS. IX
PAGE
Report of First Lieut. Ralph Piatt, Commissary Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer
Infantry, of Conditions in Reference to Subsistence on "Steamship Australia,
dated December 20,1898 617
Report of Capt. H. L. Wells, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Conditions
in Reference to Subsistence on Steamship Australia, dated December 20, 1898— 618
Report of Col. O. Summers, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, as Acting
Provost Marshal of Manila, August 13 to 17, 1898 620
Report of Capt. H. L. Wells, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, Containing
Bills of Fare at Three Meals of Eleven Companies of Regiment for November
30, 1898 621
Report of Maj. M. H. Ellis, Surgeon Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry, of
Sanitary Conditions on Steamship Newport from Manila to San Francisco,
dated July 18, 1899 622
Death Roll and List of Wounded of Oregon Volunteers in Spanish War^and Phil-
ippine Insurrection 624-5-6
Letters, Telegrams, and Resolutions Expressing Appreciation of Services of Second
Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry 627
Order Publishing Intention of President McKinley to Recommend Special Medal
of Honor to be given Members of Eighth Army Corps for Performing Willing
Service though Entitled to Discharge Upon Ratification of Treaty With
Spain 630
Hosted by
Google
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
Frontispiece— Brevet Brig. Gen. O. Summers
Facsimile of Letter written by Maj. Gen. H. W. LaWton, U. S. V 4
Officers, Second Regiment, Oregon U, S. Volunteer Infantry 8
Field, Second'Regiment, Oregon XJ. S. Volunteer Infantry. . 20
Staff, Second Regiment, Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry 24
Squad Detailed to Escort and Raise First American Flag in Manila _ 36
Dress Parade of Second Oregon in Court of Cuartel de Espana 40
Facsmilie of Letter Written by Maj. Gen. Wesley Merritt, U. S. A 44
Third Battalion Resting on Mariquina Road 52
Headquarters First Battalion on Ridge Overlooking Pasig 56
Head of Column of Four Hundred Insurgents Captured at Taguig, near Pasig__^ 60
First Line of Trenches Carried by Second Oregon at Malabon 68
Second Line of Trenches Carried by Second Oregon at Malabon 72
Third Line of Ti'enches Carried by Second Oregon at Malabon 76
Facsimile of Letter Written by Brig. Gen. Loyd Wheaton, TJ. S. V 84
Return of Second Oregon, Showing Second Battalion on Market Street, San Fran-
cisco 94
Band - 100
Company A — — 104
Company B_ — 1-- ^-— -— 136
Company C — j- 1^3
Company D 184
Company E 200
Company F 216
Company G — 248
Company H 280
Company I 296
Company K ^12
Company L ^ 344
Company M 360
Battery A 376
Battery B 388
Map of Central Portion of Luzon Island 391
Dead of Second Oregon Lying in State in Armory at Portland, Oregon 626
Riverview Monument — — 631
Hosted by
Google
INTRODUCTION.
These records have been compiled under the authority of
the legislative assembly conferred in section 70 of the Military
Code of 1901, which reads :
In addition to the foregoing duties and all other duties prop-
erly pertaining to the office of Adjutant General and chief of
staff, he shall, at the expense of the State, cause five hundred
copies of the muster rolls of the Oregon Volunteers for the
Spanish-American war to be printed by the State Printer, bound
in proper form and distributed in such manner as the Gov-
ernor may direct.
The records of Oregon Volunteers in the Indian and Civil
wars are very incomplete, so that it is always difficult and often
impossible to furnish desired information. The legislative
assembly very wisely adopted the above provision for perpet-
uating the official records of the late Volunteers, in case the
originals, by any accident, should be lost or destroyed.
A literal compliance, however, with the requirements of the
above section would have resulted in a volume of at least twelve
hundred pages of tabulated, and therefore very expensive work,
including much matter of comparatively little importa-nce. I
have for this reason assumed the responsibility of preparing
an abstract of the muster-in and muster-out rolls of each organ-
ization and of adding official histories and reports of great
value in their bearing upon the services of the State's volun-
teers in the recent war and insurrection.
From the following statement of the contents of the original
rolls on file at Washington and in the office of the Adjutant
General in the State of Oregon, it may be readily learned
whether any information not given in the abstracts can be
furnished by the custodian of the military records.
Hosted by
Google
Xll INTRODUCTION.
MUSTER-IN ROLL.
This roll shows the designation of the organization, the name
of its commanding officer and of the regimental commander at
the date of muster-in; the date of the President's call for vol-
unteers (April 23, 1898); the term of enlistment (two years,
unless sooner discharged); the name of each officer and enlisted
man, present and absent, his rank, description, place of birth,
including town or county, as well as State, occupation, date, and
place of enrollment; the name of his enrolling officer and the
period for which enrolled; the place of rendezvous, whether
married or single, if single, the name and address of his parent
or guardian; remarks showing physical defects not sufficient to
reject, and finally the signg^ture of each member of the organ-
ization to the following oath :
I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will bear true faith
and allegiance to the United States of America, and that I will
serve them honestly and faithfully against all their enemies
whomsoever ; and that I will obey the orders of the President
of the United States and the orders of the officers appointed
over me, according to the Rules and Articles of War.
A recapitulation gives the number of rpembers of each grade,
present or absent, and the whole number belonging to the or-
ganization. The company commander, mustering officer and
examining surgeon or surgeons then sign certificates in the
following forms, respectively :
I certify that this muster-in roll exhibits the true state of
Captain , Company (or — ) for the period mentioned
herein ; that each man answers to his proper name in person,
and that the remarks set opposite the name of each officer and
soldier are accurate and just. (Signed by company comman-
der, with rank, organization, and date.)
I certify that I have carefully examined the men whose
names are borne on this roll, their horses and equipments;
that the oath of allegiance to the United States was sworn to
and subscribed before me, and that I have accepted them into
the service of the United States for the term of two years from
this day of , 1898. (Signed by mustering officer,
with rank, organization, station, and date.)
I certify that 1 have carefully examined the officers and
enlisted men whose names are borne on this roll agreeably to
Hosted by
Google
INTRODUCTION. Xlll
the General Regulations of the Army, and that, in my opinion,
they are free from all bodily defects and mental infirmity which
would in any wa}^ disqualify them from performing all duties
pertaining to military service. (Signed by each examining
surgeon ; if more than one, with rank, organization, station,
and date.)
[Note.— All defects discovered in the medical examination, not sufficient to reject,
but which might be exaggerated by the soldier's duties, will be noted opposite his name
in the column for remarks. If the medical examination is made by two or more sur-
geons, the certificate on the roll will be signed by each.]
MUSTER-OUT EOLL.
The muster-out roll shows the designation of the organiza-
tion, the name of its commanding officer at the date of muster-
out and at the date of muster-in ; the name of the regimental
commander ; the date when called into service by the President;
the place of general rendezvous (Portland, Oregon); the term
of enlistment (two years from date of enrollment, unless sooner
discharged); the place at which the company was organized;
the date of arrival at Portland and distance traveled ; the name
of each officer and enlisted man, present and absent, his rank,
when, where, and by whom enrolled and period for which en-
rolled ; when, where, and by whom mustered in ; by whom and
to what time last paid ; his place of residence ; place of dis-
charge ; the charge for clothing issued by the State ; the amount
due the United States or due the soldier for clothing; the
amount due the United States for arms and equipage ; remarks
giving record of each officer and soldier, and finally his pay
account in detail, with his signature acknowledging receipt of
payment.
After being recapitulated, the roll is certified by the com-
pany commander and the mustering-out officer, as follows:
I certify that this muster roll is made out in the manner re-
quired by the printed instructions; that it exhibits the true
state of the company at date of muster-out; that each man has
answered to his name in person ; that the remarks set opposite
the name of each officer and enlisted man are accurate and
just; that the valuation of the horses and horse equipments
since the muster into service was made by disinterested and
competent judges, and at fair and just rate ; and that the non-
commissioned officers and privates against whose names this
valuation is set forth actuallv owned the horses and had them
Hosted by
Google
XIV INTRODUCTION.
in service for the time paid for. (Signed by company com-
mander, with rank, organization, and date.)
I certify that I have at , on this day of ,
1899, carefully examined this roll, and, as far as practicable,
caused the allowances, stoppages, and remarks to be properly
stated; have mustered the company for discharge, and it is
hereby discharged from the service of the United States.
(Signed by the mustering officer, with rank, organization, sta-
tion, and date.)
The muster-out roll concludes with a brief record of events
which may be necessary or useful for future reference.
ABSTRACTS OF MUSTER ROLLS.
The information contained in the abstracts published in this
volume has been copied from the muster-out rolls, except the
description, place of birth, and occupation, which have been
taken from the muster-in rolls, and for volunteers of the Second
Oregon Regiment responding to the second call of the Presi-
dent, from the descriptive cards. A few men were mustered
into the regiment in San Francisco, California, and in Hono-
lulu, Hawaiian Islands. It has been impossible to give the
description, place of birth, and occupation of these men, as the
muster-in rolls were completed in Portland and no descriptive
cards appear to have been furnished for them.
The muster-out roll of Company D, Second Oregon Volun-
teers, fails to show the dates of muster-in of the second-call men.
Application was made to the War Department for this informa-
tion, but it has not yet been received. The dates of enrollment
being practically the same, these have been substituted. With
the above exceptions, the information given under each head is
a full, true, and correct copy of the original rolls, and will, it is
believed, be found sufficient to furnish any information desired.
OFFICIAL HISTORY.
Mr. Dodson's history of the operations of the Second Oregon
U. S. Volunteer Infantry was prepared at the request of the
Hicks-Judd Company, of San Francisco, California, whose book
entitled ^'Campaigning in the Philippines" is a popular and at
the same time a reliable publication of events connected with
our recent war and insurrection. Mr. Dodson was one of the
Hosted by
Google
INTRODUCTION. XV
first to respond to the President's call for volunteers. He en-
listed in the Second Oregon Infantry, and served with credit
until the regiment was mustered out, being twice wounded in
an engagement with the insurgents near Pasig. His narrative
was written while still in the service, and is an interesting and
accurate account of the varied experiences of the Oregon Vol-
unteers, particularly as the occurrences described were still
fresh in the memory of the author and were seen from the
standpoint of an enlisted man. Mr. Dodson, while in the vol-
unteer service, was correspondent for the Oregonian, a.nd his
letters will be remembered by the general public for their fair
and conservative descriptions of persons and events associated
with the regiment.
BEPOKTS.
The reports of Oregon officers and of general officers under
whom the Oregon Regiment served contain valuable official
data conected with the service of Oregon volunteers, reduced
to writing immediately after the occurrence of the events
described.
The annual report of Major General E. S. Otis is a compre-
hensive history of military operations and of the most impor-
tant civil and political conditions prevailing in the Philippines
from June 30, 1898, to August 31, 1899, covering the full term
of service of the Second Oregon Volunteers. The reader will
be surprised at the variety of the problems presenting them-
selves to the governor general and at the ability, foresight, and
industry displayed in solving them.
Mr. Arthur Wallace Dunn, in an article published in the
Review of Reviews for November of this year, and entitled
" Government in the Philippines from 1898 to 1902," says :
General Otis was a most methodical man and knew every-
thing connected with the Philippine Government. He brought
to bear upon the problems presented to him not only a mili-
tary training, but a legal and business education which made
him invaluable to the government. Under the direction of
General Otis, tariffs were made and modified, revenues were
collected, and expenditures made. The Chinese were excluded
by his order, and immigration and commercial laws made and
enforced. He dealt with all questions, whether military or
civil. He had the power of life and death; his orders were
Hosted by
Google
XVI INTRODUCTION.
supreme, whether in case of murder or police offense, for all
trials were regulated by the military, of which General Otis
was the supreme head. His orders established a department
of posts, provided an educational system, divided the con-
struction of public works and improvements of various^kinds,
and, in fact, were the law for eight million people. I heard
Secretary Root pay him a high compliment during a private
conversation, when he said that the people of this country
could never know how much they owed General Otis. The
careful regard he had for details, and the attention he gave to
every part of the grave affairs he controlled during his'admin-
istration prevented the extravagance that usually follows a war
where so many troops are engaged. Not a breath of scandal
or hint of corruption was ever heard in connection with the
vast expenditure for military and governmental purposes
durinff^the time when General Otis w^as in command.
This estimate of the General's services will be cheerfully in-
dorsed by^'every member of the Eighth Army Corps, having
an opportunity to observe the countless difficulties offered and
the manner in which they were met. General Otis as military
governor in and of the Philippines was unquestionably the
right man in the right place at the right time. His report
will be found replete with interesting and instructive informa-
tion.
SECOND OREGON U. S. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.
In answer to the call of the President, the State promptly
furnished one regiment of infantry, two batteries of light artil-
lery, and one company of engineers.
The Second Oregon was the only organization that had an
opportunity to do a soldier's duty on the battlefield. The
facsimile letters of Generals Merritt, Lawton, and Wheaton,
and the testimonials published in the Appendix bear witness
to the discipline, courage, and achievements of its members.
In the words of General Wheaton — ^' Their gallant conduct
during the recent campaign in Luzon has reflected credit upon
the State from whence they came."
The regiment was the first to land in the Philippines, the
first to enter the walled city of Manila, and the first to return
to the United States. From August 13, 1898, until March 12,
1899, it was one of the three regiments performing the trying,
Hosted by
Google
INTRODUCTION. XVll
difficult, and dangerous duties of provost guard in Manila. It
took part in forty-two battles, engagements, and skirmishes,
marching five hundred and thirty-eight miles in three months.
The character of the rank and file is indicated by the follow-
ing figures prepared by Captain W. S. Gilbert, regimental chap-
lain and historian : Average age, 24.98 years ; average height,
5 feet 7.68 inches ; average weight, 148i pounds ; married, 89 ;
students, 156 ; clerks, 141; lawyers, 15; bookkeepers, 15 ; car-
penters, 29; farmers, 123; laborers, 175 ; mechanics, 66 ; teach-
ers, 28; merchants, 34; ministers, 2 ; college graduates, 114;
employed when enlisted, 1190; members of church, 531.
Of the 56 officers and 1296 enlisted men, in all 1352, accounted
for on its muster-out rolls, 13 were killed in action, 3 died of
wounds, 3 were captured and killed, 43 died of disease while
in the service, 1 met his death by accident, and 1 was drowned,
making a total number of 64 deaths. The total loss by death
of the remaining State volunteer regiments serving in the Phil-
ippines, as shown by the statistical exhibit issued from the office
of the Adjutant General of the Army in 1899, is as follows : Twen-
tieth Kansas, 65; First Nebraska, 61; First South Dakota, 60;
First Washington, 43; Thirteenth Minnesota, 42; Fifty-first
Iowa, 40 ; First California, 36 ; First Colorado, 35 ; First Mon-
tana, 35 ; First Tennessee, 26 ; Tenth Pennsylvania, 21 ; First
Idaho, 21 ; First North Dakota, 18.
BATTERIES A AND B, OREGON U. S. VOLUNTEER LIGHT ARTILLERY.
Battery A was mustered into the United States service July 1,
1898, at Portland, Oregon, and changed station from Portland
to Vancouver Barracks, Washington, July 9, 1898 ; Battery B
was mustered in July 26, 1898, at the same place, and went
into camp at Sellwood, Multnomah County, Oregon. Owing to
the speedy termination of the war, their services were rendered
unnecessary, and they were mustered out October 15, 1898, at
Vancouver Barracks, and October 20, 1898, at Portland, re-
spectively. These organizations were composed of fine material,
maintained excellent discipline, and cheerfully performed all
duties required of them under the most trying circumstances.
*'They also serve who only stand and wait."
Hosted by
Google
XVlll INTRODUCTION.
COMPANY M, SECOND U. S. VOLUNTEER ENGINEERS.
This company, though recruited in the State of Oregon, was
part of a United States volunteer regiment, and there are no
records on file in the ofiice of the State Adjutant General re-
lating thereto. I requested the Secretary of War to furnish me
with a copy of its muster-in and muster-out rolls, as inquiries
are frequently made with regard to it and its members which
I am unable to answer. I was advised, however, that its records,
like those of all other United States troops, were in the exclu-
sive custody of the War Department, and that under the long-
established rules of the department, it was not considered
necessary or proper that the officials of any State should be
furnished with copies of such records to enable them to answer
inquiries with regard to these organizations or the members
thereof.
SPANISH WAR MEDALS.
At the suggestion of His Excellency, Governor T. T. Geer,
the State presented its volunteers in the Spanish war with
medals made of bronze taken from a Spanish cannon captured
at Manila and given to the State by the United States Govern-
ment. Substantial, of convenient size and artistically designed,
with the name, rank, and organization of the owner neatly
engraved, they are highly prized by the volunteers as invaluable
reminders of the State's appreciation of their patriotic services.
In all, sixteen hundred and seventy-tw^o were issued, of which
all but about two hundred have been delivered to the owners.
OREGON EMERGENCY CORPS.
On April 26, 1898, a few days after the call for volunteers,
the patriotic women of Portland organized a society, called the
Oregon Emergency Corps, and elected Mrs. Henry E. Jones,
president; Mrs. W. A. Buchanan, vice-president ; Mrs. F. E.
Lounsbury, secretary, and Mrs. Martin Winch, treasurer.
Branches were established in all the principal towns of the
State, and July 29, 1898, a consolidation was effected with the
National Red Cross Society, under the name of the Oregon
Emergency Corps and Red Cross Society, with Mrs. Henry E.
Jones, president; Mrs. A, J. Meier, vice-president; Mrs, Levi
Hosted by
Google
INTRODUCTION. XIX
Young, first assistant to president ; Mrs. H. H. Goddard, second
assistant to president; Mrs. F. E. Lounsbury, secretary; Mrs.
Robert L. Taft, corresponding secretary ; Mrs. William Alvord,
treasurer, and Mrs. William Patterson, assistant to treasurer.
Having fully and successfully performed its mission to care
for the families of volunteers and to provide something in addi-
tion to the bare ration for the subsistence of the men, the Corps
was formally disbanded October 27, 1900. The praise deserved
by its members for their unselfish, patriotic services was well
expressed in an editorial in the Evening Telegram on the occa-
sion of its disbandment :
During the three and one half years of its existence it has
done more good in various ways than can be calculated or esti-
mated. It has been a blessing to hundreds of volunteer soldiers,
and to many others besides. The work of these patriotic women
has been entirely unselfish ; they have labored diligently, some-
times for days and nights together, to benefit others, without a
thought of any reward except the consciousness of performing
a duty. In many details it was work that none but unselfish,
loving-hearted women could perform, and it was done all the
more effectually because it was entirely a labor of love. Many
a volunteer, not only from Oregon, but from neighboring States,
will remember the kindness of these devoted women with a
glow of gratitude as long as they live ; and many, too, who never
returned, blessed them along with mothers, sisters, and sweet-
hearts as life faded away in the dank fens of distant islands.
As a last act of its organized existence, the Emergency Corps
has turned over $821.95, the total balance remaining in the
treasury, to the Oregon Volunteer Monument Fund, an act
quite in keeping with the useful and charitable deeds with
which the history of the Corps is filled.
The Corps had a membership of one thousand nine hundred
and seventeen, and included auxiliaries at Weston, Astoria,
Hillsboro, Pendleton, Lafayette, Corvallis, La Grande, Hood
River, Hubbard, Roseburg, Woodburn, The Dalles, and Port-
land.
CONCLUSION.
This book is intended to be a book of reference. Whatever
merit it may possess must therefore lie in its accuracy. The
greatest care has been exercised to avoid mistakes in copying
the original records. The proofs after being read in the State
Hosted by
Google
XX INTRODUCTION.
Printer's office were carefully read and corrected by me with
the assistance of Captain L. H. Knapp, quartermaster Third
Regiment, Oregon National Guard, and late first lieutenant
and quartermaster Second Oregon Volunteers. While it can
not be expected that the volume will be found entirely free
from errors, every effort has been made to reduce them to a
minimum.
Though the preparation of a book of this character is neces-
sarily laborious, and at times monotonous, it has served to recall
pleasant associations that were already beginning to fade from
memory and has resulted in a familiarity with official military
records which may prove useful in the event of the organiza-
tion of toother volunteer regiment from this State.
In conclusion, I wish to express appreciation of the courtesy
shown by my colleagues of the Military Board, Brigadier Gen-
eral C. F. Beebe, and Colonels D. M. Dunne, James Jackson,
A. B. Gillis, and S. C. Spencer, in authorizing the publication
of these records in a manner befitting the services of the late
volunteers. !
C. U. GANTENBEIN,
Adjutant General.
Portland, Oregon, December 10, 1902.
Hosted by
Google
SUMMARY OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS CONNECTED
WITH MILITARY OPERATIONS IN THE
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
FROM DECLARATION OF SPANISH WAR TO MUSTER OUT OF SECOND
OREGON VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.
[EXTBACT FROM REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL COMMANDING THE ARMY.]
April 21, 1898— Act of Congress declares a state of war witli Spain to exist.
April 23, 1898— President issues proclamation calling for 125,000 volunteers. United States
consul at Manila is given Ms passport and leaves for Hongkong.
April 25, 1898— Asiatic squadron leaves Hongkong for Mirs Bay, China.
April 26, 1898— War with Spain formally declared. Regular army increased to 63,106 men.
April 27, 1898— United States consul reaches Hongkong from Manila and joins the Asiatic
squadron at Mirs Bay. The American squadron sails for the Philippines.
May 1, 1898— The Asiatic squadron, U. S. N., under command of Commodore Dewey,
engages and destroys the Spanish squadron, under command of Admiral
Montojo, in the bay of Manila.
May 2, 1898— Landing party of sailors and marines destroys several magazines in the
vicinity of Cavite.
May 3, 1898— The Cavite arsenal is abandoned by the Spanish and occupied by the
forces from the squadron.
May 16, 1898— Major General Wesley Merritt, U. S. A., assigned to command of the De-
partment of the Pacific.
May 25, 1898— President issues proclamation calling for an additional 75,000 volunteers.
First expedition sails for Manila from San Francisco, California, under
command of Brigadier General T. M. Anderson, U. S. V. This expedition
comprised the First California Volunteer Infantry, Second Oregon Vol-
unteer Infantry, five companies of the Fourteenth U. S. Infantry, and a
detachment of California Volunteer Artillery.
May 30, 1898— General Merritt arrives at San Francisco and assumes direction of the ex-
peditionary forces.
June 15, 1898— Second expedition sails for Manila under command of Brigadier General
F. V. Greene, IJ. S. V. This expedition comprised the First Colorado
Volunteer Infantry, First Nebraska Volunteer Infantry, Tenth Pennsyl-
vania Volunteer Infantry, four companies Eighteenth and four com-
panies Twenty-third U. S. Infantry, two battalions Utah Volunteer
Artillery, and detachment of U. S. Engineers.
June 18, 1898— Aguinaldo, by proclamation, establishes an interior civil government at
points captured from or abandoned by Spanish authority.
June 21, 1898— Formal surrender of the Island of Guam, Ladrone group, to the com-
manding oflficer U. S. cruiser Charleston.
June 23, 1898— Aguinaldo proclaims himself military dictator and president of the Phil-
ippine revolution and outlines a system of general government,
Hosted by
Google
L SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS.
June 27, 1898— Third expedition sails for Manila under command of Major General Wes-
ley Merritt, U. S. A., and Brigadier General Arthur MacArthur, U. S. V.
This expedition comprised four companies of the Eighteenth and four
companies of the Twenty-third U. S. Infantry, four batteries of the Third
U. S. Artillery, one company U. S. Engineers, First Idaho Volunteer
Infantry, First Wyoming Volunteer Infantry, Thirteenth Minnesota
Volunteer Infantry, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry, Astor Bat-
tery, and detachments of Hospital and Signal Corps.
June 80, 1898- First expedition, under command of Brigadier General T. M. Anderson,
U. S. v., arrives oflf Manila.
July 1, 1898— Disembarkation of expeditionary forces begun and landing made at
Cavite.
July 7, 1898— The Navy takes Isla Grande and garrison of 1,300 without resistance.
July 15, 1898— Fourth expedition sails for Manila, under command of Major General
E. S. Otis, U. S. V. This expedition comprised six troops Fourth U. S.
Cavalry, two batteries Sixth U. S. Artillery, five companies Fourteenth
U. S. Infantry, and a detachment of recruits. One battalion of the First
California Volunteer Infantry encamps at Malate on the outskirts of
the city of Manila.
July 19, 1898— Fifth expedition sails for Manila with First Montana Volunteer Infantry
and detachment of recruits, under command of Colonel H. C. Kessler,
First Montana Volunteers.
July 23, 1898— Sixth expedition sails for Manila with eight companies of the First South
Dakota Volunteer Infantry and detachments, under command of Briga-
dier General H. G. Otis, U. S. V.
July 25, 1898— General Merritt arrives at Manila.
July 29, 1898— Seventh expedition sails for Manila with four companies of the First
South Dakota Volunteer Infantry and detachment of recruits, under
command of Lieutenant Colonel Lee Stover, First South Dakota Volun-
teers.
July 31, 1898— Night attack on United States forces by Spanish troops in trenches around
the city of Manila.
Aug. 1, 1898— Second Division, Eighth Army Corps, organized under command of Brig-
adier General T. M. Anderson, and Brigadier Generals MacArthur and
Greene assigned to command brigades therein. During the night Span-
ish field artillery shelled the trenches occupied by United States troops.
Aug. 2, 1898— Spanish open fire at 5 a. m. and 9:45 p. m. on the trenches occupied by
United States troops, continuing in each instance for a period of less
than an hour.
Aug. 5, 1898— Spanish open vigorous fire with artillery and infantry on the troops in
trenches.
Aug. 7, 1898— Joint demand made by General Merritt and Admiral Dewey on the Cap-
tain-General for the removal of noncombatants from the city of Manila,
and notice given of intention to bombard the city. Camp Dewey estab-
lished on the outskirts of the city.
Aug. 9, 1898~In reply to statement of inability on part of Spanish authorities to re-
move noncombatants from city on account of the presence of insurgent
troops, joint formal demand is made for the surrender of the city of
Manila and its defenses. Foreign war vessels leave their anchorage in
front of the city and American fleet clears for action.
Aug. 12, 1898— Protocol with Spain signed at Washington, D. C, by Hon. William Day,
Secretary of State, and M. Jules Cambon, French Ambassador to the
United States.
Aug. 13, 1898— Spanish intrenchments about the city of Manila bombarded by the Navy
and stormed and carried by the troops ; the city entered and a commis-
sion appointed to draw articles of capitulation.
Hosted by
Google
SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. 3
Aug. 14, 1898— General Merritt issues his first proclamation to the Filipino people.
Aug. 15, 1898— Orders issued for the assumption of civil government by the United States
military authorities in the city of Manila and district of Cavite, and
officers assigned to duty thereunder.
Aug. 16, 1898— General Merritt receives cablegram from President announcing cessation
of hostilities.
Aug. 21, 1898— Transport Arizona sails for Manila with four companies of the Eighteenth
U. S. Infantry, and detachments of First Nebraska Volunteer Infantry,
Tenth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and First Colorado Volunteer
Infantry, under command of Brigadier General Charles King, U. S. V.
Aug. 22, 1898— Disembarkation of Light Battery D, Sixth U. S. Artillery, headquarters
and five companies Fourteenth U. S. Infantry, detachments of Twenty-
third U. S. Infantry, Third Artillery, First California, First Wyoming,
Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, and two batteries Utah Vol-
unteer Light Artillery, from transports JPeru, City of Puehla, and City of
Rio de Janeiro, begins at Manila.
Aug. 25, 1898— First division, Eighth Army Corps, organized, Brigadier General T. M.
Anderson, commanding.
Aug. 28, 1898— General Merritt assumes duties as military governor and transfers com-
mand of the Eighth Army Corps to Major General E. S. Otis, U. S. V.
Brigadier General Arthur Mac Arthur relieves General Anderson in com-
mand of Second Division. Disembarkation of Light Battery, Sixth U. S.
Artillery, six troops Fourth U. S. Cavalry, First Montana and First
South Dakota Volunteer Infantry from transports Peru, Pennsylvania,
and City of Rio de Janeiro, begins at Cavite.
Aug. 29, 1898— Major General E. S. Otis, U. S. V., reheves Major General Wesley Merritt,
U. S. A., in command of the Department of the Pacific and as military
governor of the Philippine Islands.
Aug. 30, 1898-Brigadier General H. G. Otis, U. S. V., assigned to command of First Bri-
gade, First Division.
Sept. 2, 1898— First Battalion First South Dakota Volunteer Infantry disembarks at
Manila.
Sept. 8, 1898— General Otis demands the withdrawal of insurgent forces from the entire
city of Manila, Its suburbs and defenses.
Sept. 13, 1898— Commission appointed by Aguinaldo confers with General Otis in regard
to his demand of September 8, 1898.
Sept. 15, ] 898— Insurgents withdraw from hmits of the city of Manila, as established by
General Otis, with the exception of the districts of Paco and Pandacan,
south of the Pasig River.
Oct. 7, 1898— Civil courts as constituted by the laws of Spain are allowed to resume their
jurisdiction and regular functions, subject to supervision of the military
government in its policy of occupation.
Oct. 9, 1898— General Anderson and staff while proceeding up the Pasig River in a steam
launch are ordered to return to the city by Filipino guard.
Oct. 10, 1898— General Otis makes formal demand for the retirement of Filipino forces
from Paco, Pandacan, and other points established by survey to be
within the city limits.
Oct. 14, 1898— Eighth Army Corps reorganized.
Oct. 17, 1898 -Transport Senator sails for Manila with a battalion of Twenty-third U. S*
Infantry, battery of Cahfornia Volunteer Artillery, and detachment of
recruits for Second Oregon Volunteer Inflantry, under command of Major
G. A. Goodale, Twenty-third U. S. Infantry.
Oct. 19, 1898— Transport Valencia sails for Manila with Companies F, G, I, and L, First
Washington Volunteer Infantry, and detachment of battahon California
Artillery, under command of Lieutenant Colonel W. J. Fife, First Wash-
ington Volunteer Infantry,
Hosted by
Google
4 SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS.
Oct. 25, 1898— Filipino forces retire from points indicated by General Otis in liis demand
of October lOth.
Oct. 27, 1898— Transport Indiana sails for Manila with headquarters and band, Compa-
nies C, D, E, G, H, I, K, and M, Twentieth Kansas Volunteer Infantry
under command of Colonel F. Funston, Twentieth Kansas Volunteer
Infantry.
Oct. 28, 1898— Transport Ohio sails for Manila with Companies A, B, C, D, E, H, K, and
M, First Washington Volunteer Infantry, and detachment California
Artillery, under command of Colonel J. H. Wholley, First Washington
Volunteer Infantry.
Oct. 30, 1898— Transport Zealandia sails for Manila with the headquarters. Companies
A, B, C, E, F, L, and M, First Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, under com-
mand of Colonel W. C. Smith, First Tennessee Volunteer Infantry.
Nov. 3, 1898— Transport Pennsylvania sails for Manila with the Fifty-tirst Iowa Volun-
teer Infantry, undei" command of Colonel J. C. Loper, Fifty-first Iowa
Volunteer Infantry.
Nov. 6, 1898— Transport City of Pueblo sails for Manila with Companies D, G, H, T, and
K, First Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, detachment California Artillery,
and First Troop Nevada Volunteer Cavalry, under command of Lieuten-
ant Colonel Gracey Childers, First Tennessee Volunteer Infantry.
Nov, 9, 1898— Transport Newport sails for Manila with Companies A, B, F, and L, Twen-
tieth Kansas, and Wyoming Battery, under command of Brigadier Gen-
eral M. P. Miller, U. S. V.
Nov. 10, 1898 — Transport Arizona sails from Honolulu, H. I., for Manila, with battalion
of Eighteenth U. S. Infantry, recruits for First Nebraska, Tenth Penn-
sylvania, and First Colorado Volunteer Infantry, and a detachment of
Hospital Corps men.
Nov. 21, 1898— Expedition under command of Major G. A. Goodale, Twenty-third U. S.
Infantry, arrives at Manila. Left San Francisco October 17, 1894.
Nov. 22, 1898— Expedition under command of Lieutenant Colonel W. J. Fife, First Wash-
ington Volunteer Infantry, arrives at Manila. Left San Francisco Octo-
bers 1898.
Nov. 24, 1898— Expedition under command of Major G. A. Goodale, Twenty-third U. S.
Infantry, disembarks. Arrived at Manila November 21, 1898. Expedi-
tion under command of Lieutenant Colonel W. J. Fife, First Washington
Volunteer Infantry, disembarks. Arrived November 22, 1898.
Nov. 25, 1898— Transport Arizona arrives at Manila from Honolulu with battalion of
Eighteenth U. S. Infantry and detachment of recruits and Hospital
Corps men. Sailed November 10, 1898.
Nov. 26, 1898— Expedition under command of Colonel J. H. Wholley, First Washington
Volunteer Infantry, arrives at Manila. Left San Francisco October 28,
1898. Detachment of California Heavy Artillery disembarks at Manila.
Nov. 28, 1898— Expedition under command of Colonel W. C. Smith, First Tennessee Vol-
unteer Infantry, arrives at Manila. Left San Francisco October 30, 1898.
Nov. 30. 1898— Expedition under command of Colonel F. Funston, Twentieth Kansas
Volunteer Infantry, arrives at Manila. Left San Francisco October 27,
1898.
Nov. 30, 1898— Troops on transport Arizona arrived Novefnber 25th, disembark and join
regiments. Companies A and B, Tenth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infan-
try, assigned to duty at Corregidor Island.
Dec. 5, 1898— Troops of First Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, arriving on transport Zea-
landia November 28, 1898, disembark and are assigned to duty with the
provost guard.
Dec. 6, 1898— Expedition under command of Lieutenant Colonel Gracey Childers, First
Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, arrives at Manila. Left San Francisco
November 6, 1898. First Washington Volunteer Infantry disembarks
from transports Fa^encm and 0/ito.
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. 5
Dec. 7, 1898— Expeditions under command of Brigadier General M. P. Miller and Colonel
J. C. Loper arrive at Manila. Sailed from San Francisco November 9th
and 3d, respectively.
Dec. 9, 1898— Troops of Twentieth Kansas Volunteer Infantry, on transport Indiana,
arrived November 30. 1898, disembark.
Dec. 10, 1898— Treaty of Peace signed at Paris between the United States and Spain. Light
Battery, Wyoming Volunteer Artillery, and Troop A, Nevada Cavalry,
disembark from transports Newport d^n^ City of Puehla, respectively, and
join garrison at Cavite.
Dec. 11, 1898— Battalion of Twentieth Kansas Volunteer Infantry, arriving on transport
Newport December 7, 1898, disembark and join reginaent. Detachment
of California Heavy Artillery disembarks from transport City of Puehla
and joins garrison at Cavite.
Dec. 13, 1898— General Otis receives a petition signed by business men and firms on Iloilo
asking for American occupation and protection. Troops of First Ten-
nessee Volunteer Infantry, arriving on transport City of Fuebla Decem-
ber 6, 1898, disembark and join regiment on provost duty.
Dec. 15, 1898— Astor Battery sails from Manila en route to San Francisco, California.
Dec. 23, 1898— President orders the relief of the Spanish garrison at Iloilo by United States
forces.
Dec. 24, 1898— Spanish garrison at Iloilo evacuate the city and insurgents take possession.
First separate brigade organized under command of Brigadier General
M. P. Miller and ordered to proceed to Iloilo.
Dec. 26, 1898— Expedition sails for Iloilo from Manila.
Dec. 28, 1898— Expeditionary forces arrive in harbor at Iloilo and open communication
with the insurgents in possession of the city with a view to its occupa-
tion by United States forces.
Dec. 29, 1898— Insurgents ask for time to receive instructions from revolutionary govern-
ment as to the occupation of Iloilo.
Dec. 30, 1898— Insurgent leaders at Iloilo refuse consent to the landing of United States
%: troops at that place.
Dec. 31, 1898— Merchants and foreign residents petition General Miller to postpone land-
ing of troops and avoid firing of the city by the insurgents in occupation.
Jan. 19, 1899— Transport Qrayit sails from New York for Manila with the Fourth U. S.
Infantry and Companies B, G, I, and M, Seventeenth U. S. Infantry,
under command of Major General H. W. Lawton, U. S. V.
Jan. 22, 1899— Company I, First Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, under command of Cap-
tain Given s, escorts a battalion of Spanish prisoners to the southern
islands of the Archipelago.
Jan. 26, 1899— Transports Scandia and Morgan City sail for Manila with Twentieth U. S.
Infantry, under command of Brigadier General Loyd Wheaton, U. S. V.
Jan. 29, 1899— Expedition under command of Captain N. N. Givens left Manila January
22, 1899, on escort duty, returns to station. Fifty-first Iowa Volunteer
Infantry leaves Iloilo for Cavite in order that troops may land for exercise.
Jan. 31, 1899— Transport Pennsylvania arrives at Manila.
Feb. 1, 1899— Transports Ohio and Senator sail for Manila with the Twenty-second U. S.
Infantry, under command of Colonel H. C. Egbert, Twenty-second U. S.
Infantry.
Feb. 2, 1899— Astor Battery mustered out at New York City.
Feb. 3, 1899— Transport Sherman sails from New York for Manila with Third U. S. In-
fantry, and Companies D, H, K, and L, Seventeenth U. S. Infantry, under
command of Colonel J. H. Page, Third U. S. Infantry.
Feb. 4, 1899— Picket line opposite San Juan del Monte fired on by insurgents, and a
general engagement is precipitated. Street disturbances in the city of
Manila controlled by provost guard. Attack upon United States troops
at Manila by insurgent forces under Aguinaldo.
Hosted by
Google
6 SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS.
Feb. 5, 1899— Advance made against insurgent lines results in their retreat to positions
beyond the foothills, and the capture of Santa Ana, San Pedro Macati,
Pasig, and other villages in the immediate vicinity of the city of Manila.
Provost patrol disperses a party of armed natives within the city.
Feb. 6, 1899— Earthworks and blockhouses constructed and occupied by insurgents, and
the city water works, on the Mariquina River, east of Deposito, captured.
Feb. 7, 1899— Sharp and decisive skirmishes on the Mariquina Road.
Feb. 8, 1899— General Miller directed to take the city of Iloilo.
Feb. 10, 1899- A general advance is made on the enemy's position in and about Caloocan.
First Tennessee Volunteer Infantry arrives in the harbor of Iloilo.
Feb. 11, 1899— City of Iloilo is fired and abandoned by the insurgents, being immediately
occupied by the United States forces.
Feb. 12, 1899— Line of First Separate Brigade extended toward Jaroand Molo, driving
the insurgents before it.
Feb. 13, 1899— Eighteenth U. S. Infantry encounters insurgents at the main bridge over
the Jaro River.
Feb. 14, 1899— A detachment of 500 insurgents is defeated in the vicinity of Santa Barbara.
Feb. 35, 1899— United States troops occupy Molo.
Feb. 19, 1899— United States troops occupy Ar^velo. Transport /S'/ier*d;an sails from New
York for Manila with the Twelfth U. S. Infantry and headquarters and
Companies A, C, E, and F, Seventh U. S. Infantry.
Feb. 20, 1899— East Paco is fired by incendiaries.
Feb. 22, 1899— Incendiary fires in the city of Manila.
Feb. 23, 1899— Insurgent outbreak in the Tondo district. Tenth Pennsylvania and First
South Dakota Volunteer Infantry engaged by the enemy. Twentieth
U. S. Infantry arrives at Manila and is assigned to provost duty in the
city.
Feb. 24, 1899— First Nebraska Volunteer Infantry defeats a party of insurgents north of
the Mariquina Road.
Feb. 25, 1899— Minor engagements in the vicinity of Mandurriao, in which insurgents
are driven off. #
Mar. 1, 1899— Insurgents make an attack in force on outposts of First and Second Bat-
talions, Eighteenth U. S. Infantry, at Iloilo, Island of Panay. Insurgents
shelled from trenches by Battery G, Sixth U. S. Artillery, and attacked
and routed by the Eighteenth U. S. Infantry. Visayan military district
established.
Mar. 2, 1899— Congress authorizes the enlistment of 35,000 volunteers and increase of the
regular army to 65,000 men.
Mar. 3, 1899— Tennessee Volunteer Infantry and Light Battery G, Sixth IT. S. Artillery,
makes a reconnoissance on the Savannah, southeast of La Paz.
Mar. 4, 1899— Transport Senator, with portion of Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, arrives
at Manila, Sailed from San Francisco February 1, 1899.
Mar. 5, 1899— Transport Ohio, with portion of Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, arrives at
Manila. Sailed from San Francisco February 1, 1899. Insurgents in-
trenched across Marquina Road, northeast of Deposito, are routed and
driven oflT. Cable communication with Iloilo established.
Mar. 6, 1899— First Nebraska Volunteer Infantry engages the enemy on the north and
south of pumping station on the Mariquina Road, driving them off.
Mar. 7, 1899— Entire district lying between the Pasig River, the Mariquina River, and
the Deposito pumping-station road, is cleared of insurgent forces.
Mar. 8, 1899— The Twelfth U. S. Infantry, en route to Manila, lands at Malta and is re-
ceived with courtesies by the British garrison at that point.
Mar. 10, 1899— Expedition under command of Major General H. W. Lawton arrives at
Manila. Sailed from New York via Suez Canal.
Hosted by
Google
SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. 7
Mar. 11, 1899~A provisional brigade for temporary service, composed of the Twentieth
and Twenty-second U. S. Infantry ; Companies C, D, E, G, H, K, L, and
M, First WavShington Volunteer Infantry; Companies A, B, D, E, 1, L,
and M, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry ; Troops E, I, and K, Fourth
U. S. Cavalry, and one section of Light Battery D, Sixth U. S. Artillery,
under command of Major General H. W. Lawton, engage the insurgents
at Guadaloupe, Pasig, Pateros, and Cayenta, March 11th to 17th.
Mar. 16, 1899— First Separate Brigade engages the insurgents at the Jaro bridge and at
Mandurriao. Two companies of the First Colorado Volunteer Infantry
attack body of insurgents retreating from Cainta and drive them through
the town of Mariquina.
Mar. 17, 1899— General H. W. Lawton relieves General T. M. Anderson in command of the
First Division.
Mar. 21, 1899— Companies F, G, L, and M, First California Volunteer Infantry, sail from
Manila en route to Bacolod, Island of Negros.
Mar. 22, 1899— Expedition under command of Colonel J. II. Page, Third U. S. Infantry,
arrives at Manila. Sailed from New York February 3, 1899, via Suez Canal.
Mar. 24, 1899— Transport City of Pueblo sails for Manila with headquarters and Companies
A, F, G, I, L, and M, Ninth U. S. Infantry, under command of Captain
James Regan, Ninth U. S. Infantry.
Mar. 25, 1899— General engagement at Caloocan participated in by Twenty-second U. S.
Infantry, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, and the Second Battalion
Third U. S. Infantry ; enemy driven across the river in front of Malinta.
Mar. 26, 1899— Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry cross the Taliahan River east of Mala-
bon and drive the insurgents by successive charges from trenches occu-
pied by them along the line of road leading to Bulacaa. Twenty-second
U. S. Infantry captures Malinta under heavy insurgent fire.
Mar. 27, 1899— Brigadier General M. P. Miller retires and is succeeded in command of the
Visayan military district by Colonel Van Valzah, U. S. A.
Mar. 28, 1899— Transport Zealandia sails for Manila with six companies of the Ninth
U. S. Infantry, under command of Captain C. M. Rockefeller, Ninth U. S.
Infantry.
Mar. 31, 1899— The insurgent capital at Malolos stormed and occupied by United States
troops. Battalion Twenty-third Infantry engages insurgents about four
miles from Marquina.
April 8, 1899— Expedition comprising Troops C, G, and L, Fourth Cavalry ; Companies
A, C, D, E, G, I, K, and L, Fourteenth U. S. Infantry ; Companies A, C,
D, and F, First Idaho Volunteer Infantry; Companies C, D, I, and K,
First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry; two mountain guns from the
Separate Mountain Battery, and four companies of sharpshooters con-
centrate at San Pedro Macati and embark on cascoes up the Pasig River
for Laguna de Bay.
April 9, 1899— Attack on and occupation of the city of Santa Cruz by the Laguna de Bay
expedition.
April 10, 1899— Towns of Pagsanjan, Longos, and Paete occupied by the expeditionary
forces.
April 12, 1899— Treaty of Peace signed by the President.
April 13, 1899— Outposts at Malolos attacked by insurgents, who are driven off.
April 14, 1899— Expedition under command of Lieutenant Colonel J. H. Smith, Twelfth
U. S. Infantry, arrives at Manila. Sailed from New York via Suez Canal
February 19, 1899.
April 15, 1899— Engagement with insurgents near Quingua.
April 17, 1899— Expeditionary forces return to San Pedro Macati.
April 18, 1899— Transport Hancock sails for Manila with Twenty-first U. S. Infantry and
Light Battery E, First U. S. Artillery, under command of Colonel J.
Kline, Twenty-first U. S. Infantry.
Hosted by
Google
o SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS.
April 20, 1899— Transport Newport sails for Manila with Light Battery F, Fourth, and
Light Battery F, Fifth U. S. Artillery, under command of Major J. L.
Tiernon, First U. S. Artillery. Transport Warren sails for Manila with
headquarters and eight batteries of the Sixth U. S. Artillery and detach-
ment of recruits, under command of Brigadier General E. B. Williston.
April 21, 1899— First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry; Twenty-second U. S. Infantry :
Companies A, C, F, G, K, L, and M, Third U. S. Infantry ; Troops C, G,
and L, Fourth U. S. Cavalry ; Hawthorne's Separate Mountain Battery ;
Second Platoon JLight Artillery D, Sixth U. S. Artillery ; section of Utah
Light Artillery, and detachment Nineteenth Company Volunteer Signal
Corps, concentrate at La Loma church and move noi^thward.
April 22, 1899— Troops of the northern expedition successfully assault and occupy the
city of Novaliches.
April 28, 1899— Expedition under command of Captain James Regan, Ninth U. S. In-
fantry, arrives at Manila. Sailed from San Francisco March 24, 1899.
April 24, 1899— San Jos6 occupied by the main column of the northern expedition, and
the city of Norzagaray is assaulted and captured by the Bocaue column
of the expedition. Troops of the Second Division force passage of the
Quingua River and advance on Pulilan.
April 25, 1899— The main column of the northern expedition joins the Bocaue column at
Norzagaray.
April 25, 1899— Troops of the Second Division advance along the north bank of the Quingua
River toward Calumpit, where they ford the Calumpit River and clear
the town of insurgents. First Montana Volunteer Infantry and Twen-
tieth Itansas Volunteer Infantry move against insurgents on Ragbag
River, and capture their position on the banks of that river.
April 26, 1899— The northern expedition encamps at Angat and Marunco.
April 27, 1899— Expedition under command of Captain C. M. Rockefeller, Ninth U. S. In-
fantry, arrive at Manila. Sailed from San Francisco March 28, 1899.
April 28, 1899— Transport Ohio sails for Manila with six companies of Thirteenth U. S.
Infantry, under command of Captain J. H. H. Peshine, Thirteenth U. S.
Infantry. Transport Senator sails for Manila with headquarters and six
companies Thirteenth Infantry, under command of Colonel A. T. Smith,
Thirteenth U. S. Infantry. Troops of the Second Division force the pas-
sage of the Calumpit River and defeat the insurgent forces under the
personal command of General Luna.
April 29, 1899— The northern expedition rqoves along both banks of the Rio Grande de la
Bulacan, and after engOiging the enemy and driving them down the river,
take the town of San Rafael and then return to Angat.
May 3, 1899— Brigadier General J. F. Smith assumes command of the Visayan military
district.
May 4, 1899— A brigade of the northern expedition engages the insurgents near Maasin
and occupies that town. Sharp engagements at the Santo Tomas River.
May 7, 1899— River gunboats, under command of Captain Grant, Utah Volunteer Artil-
lery, shell insurgents from their trenches along the Guagua River.
May 10, 1899— Gunboats engage the enemy at San Luis.
May 11, 1899— Insurgents driven out of San Ildefonso.
May 13, 1899— Commissioners from the insurgents ask for conference with General Law-
ton at Baliuag. Northern expedition takes the city of San Miguel de
Mayumo.
May 15, 1899— General Lawton routes the enemy near San Isidro and marches from
thence to San Miguel.
May 16, 1899— San Isidro, the third city occupied by the insurgents as a capital, is seized
by forces under General Lawton.
May 17, 1899— Aguinalda and his revolutionary government retire to Cabanatuan.
May 19, 1899— Spanish garrison at Jolo relieved by United States troops.
Hosted by
Google
, ^
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. 9
May 22, 1899— Transport /S'/jerman sails for Manila with Sixth U. S. Infantry and recruits,
under command of Brigadier General J. C. Bates.
May 24, 1899— Insurgents engaged in harassing outposts at San Fernando are driven off
with heavy loss.
May 27, 1899— Northern expedition returns to Manila.
May 30, 1899— Transport Grant sails for Manila with Sixteenth U. S. Infantry and re-
cruits, under command of Lieutenant Colonel W. F. Spurgin, Sixteenth
U. S. Infantry. A detachment Twenty- third U. S. Infantry engages and
defeats outlaw band on the Island of Negros.
June 3, 1899— Advance is made upon Antipolo against insurgent forces under General
Pilar.
June 4, 1899— Brigadier General R. P. Hughes assumes command of the Visayan mili-
tary district
June 5, 1899— Morong occupied by United States troops after a decisive engagement.
June 10, 1899— Generals Ovenshine and Wheaton's columns defeat insurgents at Par-
aiiaque and Las Piiias.
June 13, 1899— Insurgents intrenched along the Zapote in the vicinity of Las Piiias and
defeated with considerable loss.
June 14, 1899— Transports Ohio and Newport sail from Manila with Second Oregon Vol-
unteer Infantry, under command of Colonel Owen Summers.
June 15, 1899— Imus voluntarily surrenders to General Lawton and invites occupation
of the city by his command
June 16, 1899— Town of San Nicolas occupied by United States troops. Demonstration
made against San Fernando by the insurgents.
June 19, 1899— Insurgents ambush reconnoitering party on the Dasmarinas Road and are
routed by the main column.
June 22, 1899— Transport Zealandia sails for Manila with Companies C, E, G, and I,
Twenty-fourth U. S. Infantry, under command of Major J. M. Thomp-
son, Twenty-fourth U. S. Infantry.
June 24, 1899— Transport /S/ieric^an sails for Manila with Troops A and F, Fourth U. S.
Cavalry ; Companies B and H, Fourteenth U. S. Infantry, and detach-
ment of recruits, under command of Brigadier General S. B. M. Young.
June 26, 1899— Town of El Pardo occupied by United States troops.
June 28, 1899 -Transport Valencia sails for Manila with headquarters and Troops B and
M, Fourth U. S. Cavalry, and Companies E and H, Twenty-fifth U. S.
Infantry, under command of Major Charles Morton, Fourth U. S. Cav-
alry.
July 1, 1899— Transport Pennsylvania sails for Manila with headquarters and six com-
panies Twenty-fifth U. S. Infantry, under command of Colonel A. S.
Burt, Twenty-fifth U. S. Infantry. Transport Hancock sails from Manila
with First Nebraska Volunteer Infantry and Batteries A and B, Utah
Volunteer Artillery, under command of Colonel H. fe. Mulford. Trans-
port Senator sails from Manila with Tenth Pennsylvania Volunteer In-
fantry,, under command of Lieutenant Colonel J. E. Barnett. Mayors
for the cities of Paranaque, Las Piiias, Bacoor, and Imus elected by na-
tives under military protection.
July 2, 1899— Transport Sherman arrives at Bacolod with Sixth U. S. Infantry.
July 5, 1899— The President authorizes organization of ten volunteer regiments author-
ized under act of March 2, 1899 (Twenty-sixth to Thirty-fifth, inclusive).
July 11, 1899— Transport Connemaugh sails for Manila with detachment of Fourth U. S.
Cavalry and 275 horses, under command of First Lieutenant E. B.
Winans, Jr., Fourth U. S. Cavalry.
July 18, 1899— Transport City of Para sails for Manila with Troops D and H, Fourth U, S.
Cavalry, headquarters, and Companies A, F, H, and K, Twenty-fourth
U. S. Infantry, and Company B, Engineer Battalion, under command of
Brigadier General Theodore Schwan, U. S. V.
Hosted by
Google
10 SUMMARY OF PRIKCIPAL EVENTS.
July 17, 1899— Transport Warren sails for Manila with First Colorado Volunteer In-
fantry, under command of Colonel H. B. McCoy.
July 18, 1899~President authorizes organization of two additional regiments of volun-
teers (Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh), to be recruited in the Philippine
Islands.
July 19, 1899— Captain B. A. Byrne and Lieutenant Nesbitt, with a force of 70 men, sur-
prised a superior force of the enemy, and in a hand-to-hand engagement
killed 150 insurgents, with a loss of 1 killed and 1 wounded.
July 20, 1899— Detachment of Sixth U. S. Infantry defeats a robber band near Tolon.
July 22, 1899— Civil government established at Negros.
July 24, 1899— Company K, Twenty-third Infantry, defeats insurgents in the Acan Val-
ley, Cebu.
July 25, 1899— Transport Tartar sails for Manila with headquarters and Companies B,
D, F, G, H, I, K, and M, Nineteenth U. S. Infantry, under command of
Colonel S. Snyder, Nineteenth U. S. Infantry.
July 26, 1899— Transport Ohio sails for Manila with two companies Nineteenth U. S. In-
fantry and detachment of recruits, under command of Major O. J.
Sweet, Twenty-third U. S. Infantry. Transport Newport sails for Manila
with two companies Nineteenth U. S. Infantry and detachment of re-
cruits, under command of Captain F. H. French, Nineteenth U. S. In-
fantry. Transport Tacoma sails for Manila with detachment of Fourth
U. S. Cavalry and 200 horses, under command of Captain G: O. Cress,
Fourth U". S. Cavalry. Transport Sheridan sails from Manila with First
California Voliiiiteer Infantry and Batteries A and D^ California Volun-
teer Light Artillery, under command of Colonel V. D. Duboce. Calamba
captured after a sharp skirmish.
July 28, 1899— Detachment Sixth Infantry encounters insurgent force near Valdez, in
the Visayan district.
July 29, 1899— Company L, Twenty-third Infantry, takes station at Kolo, P. I.
July 31, 1899— Transport Grant sails from Manila with First Wyoming Volunteer Infan-
try, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry, First Idaho Volunteer
Infantry, and Wyoming Battery Volunteer Light Artillery, under com-
mand of Lieutenant Colonel M. C. Trenmann. Los Baiios occupied by
United States troops.
Aug. 2, 1899-r-Transport Indiana ssiils for Manila with detachment of recruits and
casuals, under command of Colonel C. C. Hood, Sixteenth U. S. Infantry,
Company H, Twenty-first Infantry, and platoon of Battery E, First U. S.
Artillery, proceed in cascoes from Calamba to Los Baiios. Insurgents
make feint on Calamba during night.
Aug. 7, 1899— Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry mustered out in San Francisco, Cali-
fornia.
Hosted by
Google
SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS. 11
SUMMARY OF THE PMlSCiPAL EVEISTS CONINECTED WITH
THE OPERATIONS OF THE SECOND OREGON
VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.
Prepared by Capt. W. S. GiiiBERT, Regimental Chaplain and Historian.
Apr. 25, 1898— The President made a call upon the Governor of Oregon for a regiment of
volunteers.
Apr. 30, 1898— Officers, Second Regiment, Oregon United States Volunteers, appointed
by Governor Lord.
May 7, 1898— Field, staff, and noncommissioned staff mustered in.
May 9, 1898— Company A mustered in.
May 10, 1898— Companies B, C, and T> mustered in.
May 12, 1898—Conipany E mustered in.
May 13, 1898— Companies F, G, and H mustered in.
May 14, 1898— Companies I and K mustered in.
May 15, 1898— Companies L and M mustered in.
May 11, 1898— At 6:15 p. m. Companies A, B, C, and D, under command of Major Ganten-
bein, left for San Francisco, arriving May 13th, at 7 A. M.
May 16, 1898— The remaining eight companies, under command of Colonel Summers,
boarded train at 8 p. m. for San Francisco, arriving May 18th, at 2 p. m.
May 24, 1898— Regiment marched to docks at 8 A. m.; Companies A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H,
K, and L, under Colonel Summers, embarked on United States transport
Australia; Companies F, I, and M, under Major Eastwick, on the United
States transport City of Sydney; anchored in bay at 5:30 p. m.
May 25, l^^^— Australia, City of Sydney, and Peking weighed anchor at 4 P. M. with the
first expedition to leave the United States for war in a foreign country.
May 30, 1898— Memorial services.
June 1, 1898— Arrived at Honolulu at 7 p. m.
June 4, 1898~Sailed from Honolulu at 9:45 A. M. convoyed by United States cruiser
Charleston.
June 5, 1898— Changed direction, and headed for Ladrone Islands in accordance with
sealed orders.
June 10, 1898— Crossed the one hundred and eightieth meridian at 3:10 A. m.
June 20, 1898— Arrived at Guam at 7:20 A. M.; entered port of San Luis d'Apra.
June 21, 1898-~At 10:30 A. m. Companies A and D disembarked to effect surrender of the
islands. At 6 P. M. Elias Hutchinson, Company M, buried at sea from
United States transport City of Sydney. At 6:30 p. m. Senor Jos6 Marina
y Vega, Governor of Guam, with four officers and fifty-four enlisted men,
taken as prisioners on board City of Sydney.
June 22, 1898— Left port at 2 p. m.
June 28, 1898— Sighted Luzon at 10 A. m.; met by United States qvxAbqv Baltimore a.t'^ p. m.
June 30, 1898— Anchored in Manila Bay, off Cavite, at 5 p. m.
July 1, 1898— Nine companies on Australia landed ; first military force to land in Philip-
pines.
July 2, 1898— Companies F, I, and M landed.
Aug. 12, 1898— Ordered to Manila.
Aug. 13, 1898— At 7:30 A. M., headquarters, band, First and Second Battalions, left Cavite
on steamer Kwonchoi for Manila ; Company F embarked on steamer
Zafiro as bodyguard to Major General Merritt; Oregon troops disem-
barked at Manila at 4 p. m., being first to enter Walled City ; received
surrender of Spanish army of 13,000 officers and men ; troops quartered
in palace.
Hosted by
Google
12 SUMMARY OF PKINCIPAL EVENTS.
Aug. 14, 1898— At 5:30 A. m. removed to Cuartel de Espaiia ; Company F in palace as palace
guard; Colonel Summers, acting provost marshal of Manila; Major
Gantenbein in comm.and of regiment.
Aug. 22, 1899— Companies C, I, and M arrived from Cavite.
Nov. 24, 1898— Detachment of recruits from San Francisco reported for duty.
Dec. 1, 1898— Company H detailed on special duty at customhouse.
Jan. 3, 1899~Company B stationed at Cuartel Arroceros. Major General Otis' proclama-
tion to Filipinos.
Jan. 9, 1899— Order holding all troops in quarters.
Jan. 11, 1899— Call to arjns at 2:30 p. m.; regiment began to leave curatel in seven minutes
from time of call.
Feb. 1, 1899— Company B reported back for duty.
Feb. 4, 1899— Battle of Manila commenced at 8:30 p. m. and continued until 5 o'clock
the next morning.
Feb. 5, 1899— Advance all along the line ; insurgents driven from their trenches. Com-
panies C, G, and K, Major Eastwick, and Companies D and L, Major
Gantenbein, ordered to Paco. Company D captured 49 insurgents.
Company A stationed at Malate Bridge.
Feb. 6, 1899— Water works captured. Companies C, G, and K, Major Eastwick, left for
the front at 1:25 p. m., ordered to San Juan del Monte.
Feb. 15, 1899— Company A captured 103 prisoners in Binondo.
Feb. 18, 1899— Companies E, I, and M, Major Willis, ordered to Paco at 9 p. m.
Feb. 22, 1899— Companies H, I, and L, Major Gantenbein, engaged all night in Tondo
during insurgent attempt to burn Manila.
Feb. 23, 1899— Companies E and M, Major Willis, with Companies C and M, Thirteenth
Minnesota, engaged insurgents in Tondo district at 11 A. m., driving
enemy seven miles to Caloocan, Engagement lasted until 5 p. m.
Feb. 24, 1899— Third Battalion, Major Eastwick, engaged at San Juan del Monte from
3:20 P. M. to 7 P. M.
Mar. 5, 1899— Company C engaged on Mariquina Road, Company K engaged near San
Juan del Monte.
Mar. 6, 1899— Company G and Hotchkiss Battery, Lieutenant Murphy, with Company
K engaged insurgents on Mariquina Road for eight hours.
Mar. 7, 1899— Companies G and K engaged enemy near Mariquina and dispersed them.
Burned the town.
Mar. 10, 1899— First and Second Battalions ordered to join General Wheaton's flying
column for the Pasig campaign.
Mar. 12, 1899— Marched from Manila to San Pedro de Macati at 3:15 p. m.
Mar. 13, 1899— Advanced upon Guadaloupe at 5 A. m. with Fourth Cavalry, Twentieth and
Twenty-second Infantry, and First Washington; enemy repulsed;
camped at Malapai-na-Bato.
Mar. 14, 1899 —Companies E and I, Major Willis, crossed river and engaged enemy oppo-
site Pasig, returning at 3 p. m.; Companies B, D, and L, Major Ganten-
bein, engaged all day from bluff overlooking Pasig.
Mar. 15, 1899— Companies D and M, Lieutenant Colonel Yoran, advanced with wagon
train two miles ; Companies E and I, Major Willis, crossed river again
and engaged enemy opposite Pasig, a mile in advance of former position ;
First Battalion still engaged from blufl: near Pasig.
Mar. 17, 1899— Treaty signed by Q,ueen Regent of Spain.
Mar. 18, 1899— Company D sent to relief of company of Washington regiment at Taguig ;
town captured and burned.
Mar. 19, 1899~First and Second Battalions, except Company M, under command of
Colonel Summers, with Twenty-second Infantry and First Washington,
engaged in battle of Laguna de Bay ; forced march of twenty-five miles
across country— hardest day's work in the Philippines ; insurgents
routed and driven fifteen miles down the shore of the lake ; Company A
joined regiment.
Hosted by
Google
SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS.^ 13
Mar. 20, 1899— Regiment returned to Manila.
Mar. 22, 1899— Company F relieved from duty at palace and joined regiment.
Mar. 24, 1899— Marched to Caloocan at 7:30 A. M.; entered trenches at nightfall, relieving
Twentieth Kansas.
Mar. 25, 1899— Battle of Malabon ; left trenches at 8:30 a. m.; captured two lines of en-
trenchments ; drove enemy beyond Tiiliahan River, opposite Tinajeros.
Mar. 26, 1899— Entered village of Sila ; advanced on Polo road at 11 A. M.; Prince Loewen-
stein found mortally wounded within insurgents' lines; entered Manila
at 4:30 P. M.; Companies A and M stationed at Caloocan until April 5th ;
Company L at Tondo and Blockhouse No. 2 until April 4th ; Companies
D and E at Malabon until April 6th, and Company F at Meycauayan.
April 5, 1899— Companies A, L, and M moved to Marilao.
April 7, 1899— Companies D and E moved to Bocaue.
April 11, 1899— At 3:80 A. M. enemy attacked Marilao and Bocaue camps. A miracle that
troops were not annihilated.
April 12, 1899— Nine companies under command of Colonel Summers, left Bocaue at 5:45
A. M. and entered Santa Maria at 8:10 ; town burned.
April 16, 1899~Attack on outposts east of Malinta.
April 18, 1899--Company C at Meycauayan.
April 21, 1899— Provisional Brigade under Colonel Summers, encamped at 5:30 p. m., Major
Willis in command of regiment.
April 28, 1899— Cavalry at 3:40 P. M. engaged enemy north of Santa Maria. Brigade en-
gaged at 4:30 P. m., and advanced to hill at Norzagaray,
April 24, 1899— Town captured at 7:30 A. m.
April 25, 1899— Capture of Angat ; town burned.
April 26, 1899— Companies B, F, G, and K, Major Eastwick, made reconnoissance east of
river.
April 27, 1899— Brigade entered Marunco at 10:45 A. m. Cloudburst.
April 29, 1899— Forded river and entered San Rafael at noon. Returned to Marunco.
May 1, 1899— Lieutenant Colonel in command of regiment left camp at noon. Forded
river and engaged enemy at San Rafael at 1:45 p. M. Captured town at
6 p. M.
May 2, 1899— Captured Ualiuag at 1:15 p. m.
May 4, 1899— Maasin taken at noon.
May 5, 1899— Companies A, B, L, and I, Major Willis, advanced to reconnoiter.
May 12, 1899— Scouts, supported by two companies, attacked enemy on flank at San
Ildefonso. Companies B, G, K, and F, Major Eastwick, occupied the
town at 5 p. m.
May 13, 1899— Entered San Ildefonso. Captured San Miguel at 4 p. m. Honor to the
twenty-five scouts under Lieutenant Thornton.
May 15, 1899— Left San Miguel at 3 p. m. Enemy engaged at Salacat at 5:15 p. m.
May 16, 1899— Entered San Roque at 9:30 A. m.; scouts captured bridge and enemy's posi-
tion at Balac.
May 17, 1899— Captured San Isidro, entering town at 9:30 A. m.; Third Battalion, Major
Eastwick, entered Gapan ; farthest north.
May 20, 1899— Left San Isidro at 5 a. m.; engaged enemy near San Antonio ; entered the
town at 9 a. m., and Cabaio at 4:10 p. m.; forded the Pampanga twice.
May 21, 1899— Advanced at 5:30 A. M.; forded river.
May 22, 1899— Entered Arayat at 5:30 A. m., and Pasig at 9 A. M.; telegram received at 9
A. M. ordering Oregon Regiment to Manila, preparatory to going home.
May 23, 1899— Homeward bound ; camped for the night at San Simeon ; joy inexpressible.
May 24, 1899— Entered Calumpit at 9 A. m.
May 25, 1899— Seven companies, Colonel Summers, left Calumpi^ on train for Manila at
10:30 A. M.; quartered in Cuartel de Espaiia ; Company F detailed as
Palace Guard,
Hosted by
Google
14 SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS.
May 27, 1899— Companies C, D, E, and M return to Manila and rejoin regiment.
May 30, 1899— Graves decorated.
May 31, 1899— Company H reported back to duty.
June 2, 1899— Regiment ordered to the front at 7:25 p. m.; camped one mile west of
pumping station.
June 3, 1899— Broke camp at 4 a. m.; engaged the enemy in the foothills east of pumping
station and east of Taytay.
June 5, 1899— Entered Morong.
June 6, 1899— Embarked in cascoes at noon for Manila.
June 12, 1899— Second Battalion embarked on transport Ohio.
June 18, 1899— Headquarters and First Battalion embarked on transport iVeifpori; Third
Battalion embarked on Ohio.
June 14, 1899— Weighed anchor at 10:25 a. m. homeward bound.
June 18, 1899— Arrived at Nagasaki, Japan, at 11 p. M.
June 22, 1899— Left port 5 p. m., through the Inland Sea.
July 2, 1899— Two Sundays one hundred and eightieth meridian.
July 4, 1899-Celeb ration.
July 13, 1899— Reached San Francisco.
Aug. 7, 1899— Mustered out.
Hosted by
Google
OFFICIAL HISTORY OF THE OPERATIONS
SECOND OREGON U. S. V. INEANTfil
As Published in "Campaigning in the Philippines," by the
HiCKS-JuDD Co., San Francisco, California,
W. D. B. DODSON,
Who was Appointed by General Summers to Write this History and
WAS Permitted to Use the Official Records of the
Regiment in Compiling the Same.
There came from no State of the great American Republic a
more complete regiment than that sent out by Oregon for the
nation's service in obedience to the call of President McKinley
April 25, 1898. In personnel of ofl&cers and enlisted men, in
clothing, in arms, in equipment, the Second Regiment, Oregon
U. S. Volunteer Infantry, had no superior among the gallant
volunteer commands that took part in the Spanish-American
War, or the harassing troubles incident to the acquisition of
Spanish territory. In every part of the service the regiment
was tried; the heat of the crucible was intense, but never the
verdict, ^'Found wanting/' Patience is not the least virtue of
the soldier ; in this quality the stout men from Oregon shone
with conspicuous effect. Perseverance is inseparable from the
military; Oregon's perseverance was never questioned. Valor
in the popular mind, is the sum and substance of the warrior,
and is emphasized most of all requirements by the esoteric ; one
day alone needs to be cited to establish beyond cavil or doubt that
the sturdy sons from the Emerald State would never falter in
the path of duty, and, in fact, possessed the American weakness
of leaning toward brilliant recklessness. ''I take off my hat to
Hosted by
Google
16 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
the American volunteer," said the German Consul at Manila
when he looked at the field of Malabon, charged over by the
Second Oregon, Saturday, March 25, 1899.
Citizen soldiers, skilled alike in the destructiveness of war
and the arts of peace, have long been the nation's pride. Fondly
nurturing this system of national defense, even though against
the much-feared standing armies of the Old World, America
may have come to overestimate the availability of her forces
for a sudden call. It could have been a mistake in time only,
for all the world acknowledges the genius, devotion, and courage
of the American spirit, which is so easily whipped into the
approved fighting machine of military operations. However,
there are volumes to be written on the success of America's
plan, and these volumes will be simply the history of the Na-
tional Guard organizations that were converted into the volun-
teer army of 1898.
THE OREGON NATIONAL GUARD.
In Oregon the State National Guard consisted of the First
Regiment, Oregon National Guard, located in Portland, seven
companies; the Second Regiment, Oregon National Guard,
located in the Willamette Valley and Southern Oregon, eight
companies ; Third Battalion, three companies, located in East-
ern Oregon ; and three separate companies. Brigadier General
Beebe commanded the brigade. His Excellency, William P.
Lord, being Commander-in-Chief by virtue of his pfiice as
Governor. Each company had between forty-five and sixty
members, the maximum being the more often pressed. Colonel
Summers, of Portland, was at the head of the First Regiment,
and Colonel Yoran, of Eugene, commanded the Second Regi-
ment. A full staff trained in their military capacities, so far
as drills and military encampments could accomplish, was
under each colonel. Every ofiicer of the Oregon National
Guard, after being chosen in the usual manner, was subjected
to a rigid examination to test his capacity for the position.
The experience of all the officers in that capacity covered
periods from one to sixteen years, and many of these, especially
of the shorter terms, had arisen from the ranks. All had
drilled the men of their commands in close and extended order,
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 17
and wherever it had been practicable, field officers had drilled
in battalion and regimental formation.
Who can say this school was valueless ? Who can say this
mastery of military movements in peace was not as helpful in
battle as the same degree of instruction would have been, had
the proficiency been acquired as an object of life and under
salary ? Garrison and the battlefield are two things. Dis-
cipline in the former is a maze of red tape and technicalities,
to which a man must offer his life if he would aspire to supe-
riority ; discipline on the latter is rugged in its demands, and
has but passing difficulties for the brave and ardent.
Throughout a major portion of Oregon the militia was a
popular institution. Owing to the intervening distances be-
tween commands, competitive drills never became the incentive
to military training that they did in the more populous com-
monwealths. Yet a sense of duty and the social dignity of its
supporters made the militia a much-sought means of recrea-
tion and entertainment. Twenty-two campanies were already
in prosperous condition, and in the territory of the Second
Regiment alone five or six more could have been organized at
any time the State saw fit to modify existing laws fixing the
number of the militia. Young men of the best character filled
the ranks, some of whom worked up to commissions. Weekly
drills were well attended, notwithstanding the members of
some of the country companies lived miles from the drill hall.
All papers requisite in the organization were kept up to date,
arms and equipments in good condition, armories orderly, and
clothes uniform and neat. Without previous warning General
Beebe called at Ashland one day about noon, with Colonel
Yoran of the Second Regiment, to inspect Company D, Captain
May. He asked the captain if his company would be ready
by 7 p. M. that day, and was answered in the affirmative. A
note to the first sergeant was all the work performed by the
captain. A note from the former to each of his corporals was his
part. A few notes and a few visits was the work of each cor-
poral. Although some of the members of the company lived
between one and fifteen miles from the city, all but one were
ready in first-class condition by 7 p. m., and that one was met
hurrying from his home to the city early next morning, a
Hosted by
Google
18 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
distance of fifteen miles. He received notice late at night.
Although without special preparation, the armory was found
exact, clothes properly hung, equipments arranged, and pieces
cleaned. This is an example of the faithfulness to duty of the
Oregon National Guard. The large, fine armory of the First
Regiment, in Portland, with its thoroughly military arrange-
ments and care, always attracted the eye of the regular army
oflScers.
THE REGIMENT ORGANIZED.
When the President issued his first call for volunteers to
fight against Spain, and apportioned the number among the
States, Oregon found that she had been granted the privilege
of raising only one regiment. This forced upon the Governor
an embarrassing duty — selection. Two regiments and a bat-
talion were already organized, and each struggling to keep
down the recruiting pace. Ex-members of the guard tried to
get back, besides the hordes of untried men offering themselves
in view of pending trouble. At the time the Governor issued
the order for the guard to assemble in Portland, April 25th, a
company up to the war footing could have been brought from
the locality of each already existing. A few hours after the
order to assemble was issued by Colonel Summers, the seven
companies of the First were in the armory, ready to march.
Colonel Yoran issued in the morning the order for his regi-
ment to assemble. By noon the companies were in their re-
spective armories, fitted for their journey to Portland, and
thence to the field.
In the Oregon National Guard there was no room for selec-
tion, so the Governor decided to consolidate the guard, as
nearly as he could, into one regiment of the required number
for war. Bitter disappointments were thus caused to some,
but no charge of local favoritism could be made, and all ad-
mitted that the policy adopted put into the new regiment the
picked material of the entire guard. In consolidating two com-
panies the senior captain was given the command, while the
junior was given the first lieutenancy in the new company.
The same rule applied in choosing the regimental commander,
Colonel Summers being given first place and Colonel Yoran
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 19
the second. Lieutenant Colonel Gantenbein of the First Regi-
ment was chosen senior major; Major Willis of the Second
Regiment was chosen second major, and Major Eastwick of
the First Regiment third major. Captain Ellis, surgeon of
the Second Regiment, was chosen surgeon, his assistants
being Colonel Cardwell and Major Whiting, both of Portland.
Colonel Cardwell was surgeon general on the Governor's staff,
with rank of colonel, previous to his appointment. Major Whit-
ing was surgeon on General Beebe's staff. Captain Macrum of
Portland, surgeon of the First Regiment, was first appointed
assistant surgeon, but resigned. Captain Cardwell was pro-
moted to tiie rank of major soon after arriving in Luzon, and
was attached to the staff of Major General Anderson as chief
surgeon of volunteers. Hospital Steward Brosius was the
assistant surgeon of the Third Battalion, and was given rank
of captain after reaching Manila, to fill the vacancy made by
Captain Cardwell's promotion.
Captain Gilbert of Eugene, chaplain of the Second Regi-
ment, Oregon National Guard, was appointed chaplain of the
volunteers. Captain Rutenic of Portland was appointed regi-
mental adjutant, with rank of first lieutenant, but resigned,
Lieutenant Crowe, adjutant of the first regiment, then being
appointed to take the position. Lieutenant Knapp, quarter-
master of the First Regiment, was appointed quartermaster of
volunteers. H. A. Littlefield of Portland and J. A. Byars of
Roseburg were appointed assistant stewards to Steward Brosius.
James Rintoul, Jr., sergeant major of the First Regiment, was
given the same position in the new regiment. Carl Ritter-
spacher was made quartermaster sergeant, Charles Dillon, com-
missary sergeant, G. A. Mueller, chief musician, and Henry
Hockenyos and Samuel McGowan, principal musicians.
Consolidation of companies was accomplished on no fixed
principle. Separate companies and those of the Third Bat-
talion and two regiments were put together according to the
Governor's ideas of efficiency. Officers were selected from
members or veterans of the Oregon National Guard. The com-
mendable purpose of the Oregon officers was made manifest in
the eagerness of several to accept commissions much inferior
to their rank, and even in more than one case guard officers ex-
Hosted by
Google
20 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
pressed the intention of enlisting should they not be chosen
for commissions. Colonel Telfer, inspector general on the
Governor's staff, resigned his position, asked to be recognized
on the veteran list, accepted the captaincy of Company C, First
Regiment, and, upon consolidation of that company, being
junior captain, cheerfully took the first lieutenancy of Company
L, into which his company merged. Captain Whiting re-
signed from his position as surgeon on the generars staff, and
had made arrangements to enlist in Company H, when he
received the appointment as assistant surgeon of the new
regiment. Hope for rank and liberal salary did not animate
Oregon ; love for country was the motive for going to war.
No troops were earlier to prepare for the field than Oregon's.
Within a few hours after receiving the order, the entire bri-
gade, save one company (separate Company K at Bandon),
were in waiting. The First Regiment could have gone before
the examining surgeon the day orders were issued, and the
troops from other portions of the State within periods ranging
from two hours to that many days. General Beebe instructed
Major Mitchell, quartermaster of his staff, to establish a camp
at Irvington Park, in Portland, to be named ''Camp McKinley,''
which, with the aid of Captain Case of Company I, First Regi-
ment, and the Engineer Corps, under Lieutenant Povey, and
the Signal Corps, under Lieutenant Humphrey, was completed
April 29th. The First Regiment was held in the Portland
Armory May 2d and 3d, under command of Major Eastwick.
April 30th troops began to arrive from the Willamette Valley
and Eastern Oregon, all being comfortably cared for at the
camp, which had been placed under the command of Lieuten-
ant Colonel Gantenbein, pending the official advent of Colonel
Summers. By May 4th all were in camp ready for examina-
tion. Captain Morris, assistant surgeon in the regular army,
had been selected by the War Department for this work. From
May 4th to May 16th the troops spent the time in camp, wait-
ing and faithfully drilling, most of each day being devoted to
drills and military instruction. May 3d the First Regiment
joined the other troops in camp. May 5th Captain Morris ar-
rived. A board of three officers was appointed by the Governor
to aid him in examining the surgeon and assistant surgeons of
Hosted by
Google
MaJ. Forcy Willis.
M«j. P. G. Bastwick. Jr.
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 21
the new regiment, Dr. A. J. Giesy and Dr. A. S. Nichols being
the members. Captain Kendall, Eighth U. S. Cavalry, was
appointed by the War Department mustering officer for Oregon.
Captain Morris began the medical examination of troops May
7th and as soon as the medical board had passed on the merits
of the applicants for positions as surgeon and assistant sur-
geons, the successful aspirants came to his assistance. This
work was completed May 15th and the last company to be
mustered in, took the oath on that day.
PREPARATION FOR DEPARTURE.
Life at Camp McKinley, although filled with the bustle of
preparatory work, was yet attended by that restless longing to
get into the field which invariably possesses a new soldier.
Drills in squad and companies were had twice a day, besides
the frequent battalion and regimental drills had for instruc-
tion of field officers. Governor Lord was a frequent visitor at
the camp, and either in person or through Adjutant General
Tuttle, gave potent assistance. The Governor held a farewell
review a few days before the departure of the First Battalion to
San Francisco, when he touchingly bade the soldiers remember
the honor of their State and Nation in whatever adversity the
fortunes of war might bring. General Beebe also reviewed the
troops shortly prior to their departure, and expressed his con-
fidence in the Oregon regiment. Camp life was made as pleas-
ant as possible for the boys by hundreds of sympathetic friends.
The Emergency Corps was organized by patriotic ladies to pro-
vide for the exigencies of the regiment, and provide the soldiers
with such necessaries as the Government did not supply. Mrs.
Dr. Henry E. Jones was elected president, and Mrs. Fannie
Lounsbury, secretary. The members of the corps organized
themselves into as many committees as there were companies,
each committee with a chairman who was ex officio member of
the general executive committee. Through subscriptions and
from other sources, the corps, afterwards known as the Red
Cross Society, was able to furnish each company $100 in cash,
besides a good sum for the hospital and countless useful arti-
cles for every member of the regiment. After the command
reached the Philippines, the society sent two nurses for its use,
Hosted by
Google
22 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
namely. Miss Lena Killain and Miss Frances Wood. Three
sums of money, aggregating something less than $1,000, were
also remitted, and again, just before the final return, $500 more.
THE REGIMENT MOVES TO SAN FRANCISCO.
It being impracticable to send the entire regiment to San
Francisco, the Pacific coast rendezvous for the Philippine
troops, one battalion was started as soon as four companies had
been sworn in, with Major Gantenbein in command. They
arrived there May 13th. By May 16th the two remaining bat-
talions and regimental headquarters were prepared for the
start. To every member of the departing regiment there will
always remain a vivid memory of the patriotic outpour of the
loyal residents of Portland and the adjacent country on that
occasion. Streets were crowded all along the line of march to
the depot, and by the time that was reached, the mass of hu-
manity occupied all available space.
With difficulty a narrow lane was formed through the shout-
ing, weeping people, along which the column moved with its
burdens of dainties and flowers heaped upon the soldiers from
both sides. Night or day, the trip through Oregon was a con-
tinuous ovation. Each depot had its waiting throng, with
their baskets of food and flowers. May 18th the two battalions
reached the pier at Oakland. The first battalion to arrive was
waiting on the San Francisco side of the bay to join in the
march to the Presidio. A delegation of the San Francisco Red
Cross ladies had prepared in the waiting room of the ferry
landing a refreshing luncheon, which the tired soldiers fully
appreciated. Many laudatory remarks were made by the citi-
zens of California, as the stalwart sons from the sister State
marched in columns of fours through the streets of San Fran-
cisco to the site of their camp. The San Francisco papers
sta^ted the following morning that the regiment was the finest
appearing that had entered the city and was also more fully
equipped and armed. To demonstrate how thoroughly had
been the State's work in maintaining its militia, it is but nec-
essary to call attention to the few articles furnished the volun-
teer regiment by the Government before it was started on a
voyage of 7,500 miles to commence a campaign in the tropics.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 23
Practically nothing was added. A few rifles were replaced,
mainly owing to the inability of the Government to make the
needed repair in the limited time. The number, however, was
very small, which well shows the care of the Oregon National
Guard for their pieces. The regiment was plentifully supplied
by the State with headquarters' tents, cook tents, and wall
tents. Until the command arrived in Cavite no cooking uten-
sils, other than those brought from the State, were used, and
even during the entire campaign in the Philippines some of
these were still in service. More could be said of the surgeons'
instruments, for they were thoroughly modern, new and com-
plete. Each of the guard regiments had kits, which gave an
abundance for the volunteers. When the regiment left Port-
land, it took for each man a complete latigue blue uniform,
with campaign hat, blue overcoat and blanket. It also had as
much heavy underwear as was allowed, and the State would
have purchased new shoes and light underwear for each man
had not the military board been assured that all such things
would be plentifully supplied by the Government upon arrival
in San Francisco.
WITH THE FIRST EXPEDITION TO MANILA.
Camp life at the Presido had but few variations. At first,
there was intense eagerness to become a part of the first expe-
dition, hope for the realization of which grew each day the
commanders saw more of the regiment. Measles broke out
immediately after arrival, but in a mild form, that did not more
than cause temporary inconveniences from quarantine restric-
tions. May 22d General Merriam informed Colonel Summers
that the Second Oregon had been selected as one of the com-
mands for the first expedition to the Philippines, the sailing
date then not being far distant. Naturally, the news caused
much joy and excitement. On the night of its receipt a royal
celebration, more rough and informal than stately, took place
in camp, terminating in a demand for a speech from the colonel.
The shadow of death from a service in a torrid zone and on the
battlefield did not darken the joy of realizing that the regiment
had been summoned to its work. Both General Merriam and
General Otis had complimented the colonel on the splendid
Hosted by
Google
24 OREGON VOLUNTEERS In SPANISH WAR.
physique of his men, their equipment and drilling. Any one
who has left home and friends with such a command at the
gruesome bidding of war, can well comprehend the difference
to soldiers between being chosen coast guard, far from danger,
and in being a part of the army in the field. *'The Webfooters
are loose,'' growled a regular, two blocks away, when the tide
of joy broke forth. The coloners speech, admonishing the men
of the grave work foreshadowed and exhorting all to the utmost
effort when called upon, closed the event.
A new future opened to all after learning positively that
Manila was the destination. All worked then with untiring
zeal. Drills, though long and irksomO, were taken up with
redoubled interest. Health was guarded for the ordeal in store.
A passing fear was caused by the light epidemic of measles,
which the vigorous preventive work of the surgeons soon dis-
sipated. Nothing else arose to liinder embarkation.
Quartermaster Knapp was requested to make requisition for
needed shoes, socks, and underwear, which was duly done. At
every point this officer found a deficiency of stores, and such a
crush and haste in the general department that his regiment
could command but little attention. Colonel Summers received
orders to be ready to embark, with nine companies, on the
United States transport Australia, May 25th, the other three to
sail on the United States transport City of Sydney at the same
time. But little opportunity was given for preparation. The
regiment had reached the Presidio on the 18th of the month.
The First California Volunteers had preceded the Oregonians
two or three days and were said to have exhausted, in fitting
out, the stores intended for putting the finishing touches on
the latter. The result was that the Second Oregon left San
Francisco with barely any additions to its equipment furnished
by the State. How unjust and unappreciative was the criticism
emanating from the War Department later, that the Oregon
regiment itself was at fault for the situation it was placed in as
to clothing. At that date time was valuable, which the War
Department culpably overlooked in getting the medical exam-
iner and mustering officer at work on the Oregon Volunteers,
and then endeavored to shift the responsibility for the delay to
the shoulders of the Governor and State officers. But for the
Hosted by
Google
li
|i
I?
ri
u
if
2^
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 25
weakness and flighty purposes of the enemy, such delays and
sluggishness would have deprived America of the fruit of
Dewey's great victory at Manila Bay, May 1st.
Early on the morning of May 24th the Oregon regiment
broke camp at the Presidio. As it formed for the march to the
wharf, Colonel Jackson, then inspector general of the Oregon
National Guard, formally presented to the regiment a beautiful
stand of colors, the gift of the people of Portland. In a voice
softened by emotion, Colonel Jackson bade officers and men god-
speed, never doubting that the proud colors would be brought
back home, perhaps scarred, but without a stain. His farewell
was very touching, and moved many to tears. For live years
he had taken a paternal interest in the National Guard, as
official instructor.
By 8 A. M. the regiment was alongside the steamer, ready to
embark. Owing to the failure to have supplies and stores
loaded on the Australia the day previous it was night before
the troops could be put on. The other three companies of the
regiment for the City of Sydney, F, I, and M, with two battalions
of the Fourteenth Infantry, occupied their quarters on the vessel
in due time. Major Eastman as senior officer on the City of
Sydney was in command of all the troops on board the transport.
Both transports pulled out into the bay, near the anchorage of
the City of Peking with the First California, which regiment
had boarded the day previous. One case of mumps was dis-
covered on the Australia next morning. The patient was sent
ashore immediately.
San Francisco turned out to wave the three transports good-
by on the morning of May 25th. Docks, streets, and shore
were covered with gesticulating humanity. All the tugs and
steamers in the harbor followed in the wake of the three trans-
ports until they had tu'rned through the Golden Gate. Sailing
orders had been issued, and home, country, and friends were
being left, perhaps forever. Two thousand six hundred souls
were starting forth to kill or die. Bad enough was the prospect
on the distant shore, where brave Dewey had plunged into the
gloom and fought out a spot where he could raise the flag.
But would that be reached. The Spanish navy was then an
unknown quantity. Those formidable armored cruisers had
Hosted by
Google
26 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
defied American vigilance and were cruising somewhere for vic-
tims. Furnished with secret information and familiar with the
physical possibilities of distances, the War Department might
have possessed knowledge that the expedition, protected by the
Charleston from Honolulu, was in no danger from Spanish men-
of-war. No such assurance reached the men or lower officers.
Discipline says enlisted men shall know nothing but obedience.
They know, however, that all human beings are fallible, and
many of those composingthe first Philippine expedition started
on that long voyage with grave apprehensions that the story of
some unnamable tragedy at sea might be the only history of
their end.
Leaving your country or state for another is nothing. Your
countrymen greet you, yet customs do not change, and you are
not a foreign atom each community entered fain would throw
off. Leave your nation. See the home of your father's vanish
in mist. See your native city fade from a jumble of houses
into nothingness; the peaceful valleys and green hills sink,
blend, vanish; the bold headlands and stretch of coast line die
over a too-fast growing stretch of water. When the eye fails,
realize the embodiment of your country's spirit vanish — mod-
ern inventions, conveniences, cities, railways, institutions —
and for all this take the environments of semibarbarism. Man
can love home only after leaving it. What must be the emo-
tions of the soldier leaving home for foreign war? His soul
pours out upon the rocks that mark the furthest confines, even
as too often does his blood on foreign wastes.
A HEARTY SEND-OFF FROM SAN FRANCISCO.
More enthusing farewell could not have been given than the
touching conduct of the people of San Francisco when the
first expedition sailed away for the Far East. The bay was
crowded with gaily decorated boats, steamers, and tugs, some of
which followed closely until the three transports passed through
the Golden Gate. Great throngs waved farewell from along
the wharves and water front. So the Oregon troops sailed from
the United States on the longest voyage American soldiers had
then ever taken for war. They were the pioneers for their
country in a great movement. Dewey was not a pioneer. He
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 27
was a comet that struck amidst the enemy and there burned.
A path between him and America was necessary.
"Support Dewey" were the words when the troops were first
talked of for the Philippines. However, the more deliberate
members of the Oregon regiment thought, as they moved away
to the Orient, of the westward march of empire, of the expand-
ing nation that had absorbed a continent, and were vaguely
conscious of being associated with a movement forming an
epoch of history. They knew how hard it was to tear the Stars
and Stripes from a helpless land. There are so many afRlia-
tions, so many entanglements, increasing the longer it floats,
that but few hands dare take it down. When, in ages to come,
the power of the great American Republic is the irresistible
element standing for peace and justice in every part of the
world, and the establishment of a mighty nation's policy has
necessitated planting the Stars and Stripes in every quarter of
the globe, the Second Oregon asks to be remembered as one of
the humble agents that took up the burden cheerfully May 25,
1898, the dawn of the great era.
BAD COOKING FACILITIES ON THE TRANSPORT.
Immediately after getting to sea it became apparent that
poor cooking facilities had been provided on the Australia for
such a body of men. The owners of the steamer, the Spreckels
Brothers, asked to be given the contract of feeding the men
while on board at so much per capita. This was refused, and
wretched facilities provided instead. Conspicuous among other
errors was the ration intended for soldiers in the torrid zone.
The usual seasickness affected all during the first few days,
and the fare of half-boiled bacon, potatoes the same, worse
coffee and hardtack, was not relished. Changes for the better
were made in the cooking utensils at Honolulu, and more vege-
tables, found to be of great value, were added to the commis-
sary stores. Before Guam Island was reached a large quantity
of fresh beef in the improvised refrigerator spoiled and was cast
overboard, the drinking water in the tanks was exhausted, and
the condenser proved of limited capacity. These circumstances
added much to the discomforts of an overcrowded ship in a
tropical climate, and the voyage became very wearisome. Mea-
Hosted by
Google
28 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
sles also appeared again a few days out from San Francisco.
Each case was isolated as well as space would permit, and the
total number afflicted during the voyage of thirty-six days was
thus kept down to thirty-nine.
ENTERTAINED AT HONOLULU.
Honolulu was reached by the three transports June 2d.
Perhaps nothing more cordial will ever be experienced by
American soldiers on foreign soil than the welcome of beauti-
ful Honolulu to the first Philippine expedition. It was hospi-
table, lavish and of grand proportions. Two reasons impelled
the people of the Paradise of the Pacific, either of which was
most potent: first, was the pure spirit of generosity, and the
American patriotism of so many residents of Honolulu who
were born in the great republic, and some still owed it alle-
giance; second, those annexationists who maintained their
little republic, waiting for union with the United States, saw
that if they became involved in foreign difficulties, no matter
how, the United States had no alternative but annexation.
Honolulu eagerly sought opportunity to violate neutrality laws,
courted the anger of other nations, and was gratified to see
their great patron acknowledge openly what she had long con-
ceded.
The soldiers of the first expedition found themselves the ob-
ject of extremely flattering attention. The first day ashore
revealed to them that a blue uniform was a license to enter
any house or part of the city, a privilege that was not violated
in such shocking manner as occurred when United States
troops arrived in the same city later. The friendly people
greeted the passer-by, invited him to partake of fruit, food, or
delicacies. If small purchases were made by soldiers in stores,
pay would not be accepted. Refreshment stands, barber shops,
livery stables, fruit stores, cycleries, street cars, baths, and
restaurants were all free. Generous hands had worked before
for the departing soldiers; a proud, rich people had cheered
them on, but nothing so lavish or complete in the way of hos-
pitality had ever exceeded the gift of the inhabitants of Hono-
lulu. The second day was the climax. A splendid feast was
spread in the grounds of the executive building (the queen's
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 29
palace before the republic). To it was invited every Ameri-
can soldier in the harbor, including the crews and marines of
the Charleston and Bennington, then in Honolulu. President
Dole, his cabinet and army officers, aided Honolulu's promi-
nent citizens and fair women to serve and entertain the guests.
A fine spread, made more memorable by the profusion of
tropical fruits, was partaken of by the hungry soldiers. They
left their tireless hosts next morning, bearing ^'leis" (wreaths)
of beautiful flowers on their hats and around their necks, the
pretty Hawaiian greeting, "Aloha" in their minds, and they
will never be so ungrateful as to forget their Honolulu recep-
tion.
' GUAM VISITED AND TAKEN.
The cruiser Charleston led the little fleet out of the harbor
June 4th, and before Oahu Island had been lost to view news
was signaled from the man-of-war to the transport that the
expedition should steam for the Ladrone Islands. Sealed or-
ders had been opened, directing Captain Glass of the Charles-
ton to proceed to Guam, the largest of the group, capture it
and raise the American flag. A thrill of animation passed
through the men as they learned that an encounter of indefi-
nite severity was possible at Guam. Rumor had it that at
least two Spanish gunboats would be met at the islands, which
would give the Charleston a warm reception. How many of
the enemy's soldiers would be found there was a subject of
controversy; enough, anyhow, for a fight.
Speculation was rife by the morning of June 20th, when the
fleet began steaming around the northern headland of Guam.
In the mist of morning the Charleston reminded one of some
inexorable hound of vengeance as she silently slid through the
waters of the small bays along the coast searching for the gun-
boats. The harbor of San Luis d'Apra, near which Aguana,
the capital, is situated, was neared while the morning was yet
young. An elevated reef of very old coral formation, partly
covered with tropical vegetation, constituted the southern
boundary. This projected full two miles into the sea, termi-
nating in a bold headland fifty to eighty feet high. Starting
from another part of the concave shore line, probably five
Hosted by
Google
30 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
miles from the base of the southern reef, was another reef,
mostly submerged, extending in a southwestern direction to
within two hundred yards of the outer extremity of the first,
forming a fairly protected harbor. The narrow channel for
entrauce was deep, as was one half of the bay, the other por-
tion b^ing an expanse of shoals from one to four feet deep,
with as fantastical and beautiful a coral bottom as was ever
given a body of water.
Straight for this narrow channel steered the plucky little
Charleston, with the Australia, City of Peking, and City of Syd-
ney formed on the outside. It was an intense moment for the
soldiers. All thought a sea fight imminent, with the stimu-
lated interest of personal safety involved. They clambered
as high into the rigging as regulations would permit to watch
the fray. From the outside, the masts of what looked like a
brig were visible, and also another object thought to be a fort
or ironclad in the middle of the bay. The Charleston was
overshadowed by the high reef close to which she hugged in
entering. As the cruiser reached the free water inside the
channel, smoke began to belch from her sides, and the regular
detonations told the anxious spectators that her challenge was
being followed by onus of serious intentions. Shells were seen
to ricochet from what had been discovered to be a fort, falling
in the bay beyond. After several shots, Avithout answering,
firing ceased, and a small boat containing two officers was seen
to put out from Paete, the Aguana end of the harbor, towards
the Charleston. The boat got alongside and the two oSicers
boarded, who were the oj0&cer of the port and the health officer.
Surprise and incredulity mingled with equal portions on the
part of the American officers as the Spaniards began an apology
for not returning the Charleston's salute. It was explained by
the two affable and ceremonious gentlemen that there was
not enough poAvder in the port to discharge the old muzzle-
loading smoothbore the requisite number of times, but it had
been sent for. When told by Captain Glass in answer that he
had come on a hostile errand, obedient to orders to seize the
islands, the two officers seemed overcome with astonishment.
Had their wishes been fulfilled, they would have sunk through
the deck. It had been three months since the last island mail
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 31
was received from Manila, the last news merely telling of the
destruction of the Maine, but war on the heels of the apology
offered by Spain was the furthest possible result contemplated,
the officers thought. Be their surprise real or feigned, Cap-
tain Glass introduced new complications by informing the
officers that they were his prisoners. They expostulated that
they came on an errand of peace and were wrongfully detained,
but to no avail. They came, not under a flag of truce, although
ignorant, through neglect or inability of their nation, and it
mattered little what other considerations were offered. Both
were later given the privilege of returning to the shore, pro-
vided they would bear a message commanding the governor at
Aguana to surrender, which they did.
In reply to the request to the governor to come aboard the
cruiser to arrange terms, he stated that it was against Spanish
law for the governor of a province to board a foreign man-of-
war. He was then ordered to meet the captain in Paete next
day at 9 a. m. In the mean time the PeJcing and Australia had
steamed through the narrow channel and found anchorage
near the Charleston, the captain of the City of Sydney still
standing off Point Oratic, as he hesitated to enter with his
vessel. On the morning of June 21st, as the hour of 9 o'clock
neared, preparations began on the Charleston and Australia for
landing troops in case the delay was taken advantage of by the
governor for resistance. Forty marines were put in small
boats from the cruiser, and Company A, Captain Heath, Com-
pany D, Captain Prescott, from the Second Oregon. Only one
launch being available, two trips were necessary to tow the
boats across the bay. About the same time that Lieutenant
Braunersreuther, representing Captain Glass, set out in a small
boat for the shore, where the governor was expected, the first
tow of soldiers and marines started from the Australia^ the
portion aboard from the Second Oregon being one platoon of
Company A. These were taken to the Japanese brig in the
harbor, which was first suspected of being a Spanish gunboat,
and moored to the stern of the vessel, while the launch returned
to tow the remainder of Companies A and D. Shortly before
the second tow reached the brig, Lieutenant Braunersreuther
returned with the captive governor and his officers. Nothing
Hosted by
Google
32 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
remained for the eager troops but to quietly return. They
had received their baptism, but not of fire. A furious little
tropical shower passed over while they were waiting, thoroughly
soaking everything that would absorb water.
When Lieutenant Braunersreuther got to the shore he had
found the governor and his oJERcers. His excellency was sum-
moned to surrender, and, after meditating for a few minutes,
handed the lieutenant a sealed note to Captain Glass, which
was at once torn open and read, a right claimed as the fully
empowered representative of the captain. To this proceeding
the governor protested lightly. The note was an uncondi-
tional surrender, in view of the overwhelming force in the
harbor. The governor was then informed that both himself
and officers woiild be held as prisoners, and was required to go
aboard the Charleston immediately. A stronger protest was
entered to such summary proceedings. The governor explained
that neither himself nor officers had made arrangements for
departure, and urgently insisted that they be permitted to re-
turn to their homes for this purpose. He was quite overcome
when refused and signed an order for all the soldiers to come
to the landing that afternoon with their arms and ammunition,
in a resigned though objecting mood. His order was obeyed
by the soldiers without protest. Promptly at 4 p. m. fifty Spanish
soldiers carrying Mauser rifles, fifty native soldiers with Rem-
ington rifles, and fifty without guns, appeared on the beach.
A small force of marines with boats for the prisoners were
present and commenced the disarming. Care was taken to
prevent treachery of any kind. When the rifles were all stored
in a small boat, the natives were told they were free, and the
Spaniards were ordered to embark. The former tore from their
clothes the Spanish military buttons with manifest joy, casting
them to the ground with an emphasis that bespoke their state
of mind over the fall of the Spanish yoke. The fifty Spanish
soldiers were put aboard the City of Sydney and transported to
Cavite, where they were held until peace was arranged. The
Spanish officers, six in number, including the officers of the
port, health officer, and governor above-named, were placed on
the Charleston. They evinced unmistakable signs of fear at
leaving their families on Guam Island without military protec-
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH. WAR. 33
tion. That they misjudged the spirit of the natives is proven
by the safety of the women's sojourn in the lonely Pacific. So
ended the "Battle of Guam."
A few moments before noon of the same day, June 21st, a
small boat put out from the Charleston for Fort Santa Cruz, the
little dismantled fortress in the center of the bay that had at
first attracted the Charleston's fire. A few minutes later the
Stars and Stripes were seen to rise to the top of the flag pole
on the fort. Great shouts went up from the transports and
cruiser. The Charleston fired the national salute, the bands
struck up the " Star Spangled Banner," and a cordial welcome
was given to the stranger in the western part of the Pacific.
The City of Sydney had ventured into the harbor a little while
before.
THE FIRST DEATH IN THE REGIMENT.
On board the City of Sydney, June 20th, while lying off the
point, occurred the first death in the Oregon regiment. Elias
Hutchinson, Company M, was operated on for appendicitis a
few days prior and died from the effects. His body was buried
at sea, with ceremonies more impressive than any witnessed
by the boys any time during their campaign in the Philippines.
June 22d the fleet steamed out of San Luis d'Apra harbor
and shaped its course for the northern point of Luzon. Until
the rough outline of that coast rose up through the mist on the
morning of June 28th nothing occurred aboard of interest.
Schools of officers, noncommissioned officers and privates were
given new interest by the approach of service. Brown duck
clothing was issued to the sweltering soldiers on the Australia,
those on the other boats having received theirs before. Shoddy
underwear for the volunteers was also distributed again, as it
would only stand about one or two washings, and the first re-
ceived near Honolulu had mostly become useless. It began to
dawn upon all how little prepared the expedition was for the
tropics, and particularly the Oregon regiment. Because that
regiment had arrived in San Francisco with the most complete
outfits for campaigning in the United States, it had been
launched into the tropics with scarcely any additional cloth-
ing. At Honolulu General Anderson's quartermaster, Major
3
Hosted by
Google
34 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Jones, purcliased some more underwear for the Oregon men,
which was a grateful duty to the humble command, which was
now having the first experience of being made sufferers as well
as scapegoats for the incompetence or negligence of the gen-
eral departments. While the men were trying to adjust their
feet to a collection of the worst misfit shoes ever thrust upon
a confiding body of humanity, the reproach came from the
worthy staff of the general that the Oregonians were themselves
to blame; their quartermaster had been told to make requisi-
tion at San Francisco. Lieutenant Knapp is still unable to
draw any lucid conclusion of his own blame from the chaos of
"noes," /'noes," and ''don't knows," that greeted him on every
hand in San Francisco while he was trying to get his requisi-
tion filled in the general quartermaster department.
ARRIVAL AT MANILA.
A little uneasiness was created on the transports by the
sight, off the northern point of Luzon, of a column of smoke
arising from some vessel evidently approaching. The fleet had
been a month cut off from communication with the world, the
last reports being of possible interference by Germany and
France, and what aspect the war might now have was a sub-
ject for many conjectures. As the stranger neared, her two
funnels and fighting tops told she was a man-of-war, but the
resemblance to the Baltimore of Dewey's fleet allayed suspicion.
Such she proved to be. For nine days the cruiser had stood
off the northern head waiting. Her gallant crew were given
a taste of good old American enthusiasm, bottled for a month,
as the cruiser came alongside the transports. Courtesies were
exchanged, and the soldiers told of the penned Spanish fleet
at Santiago de Cuba. All steamed around the island, the two
cruisers skirting along the shore for any vessel with the Span-
ish flag. From the glassy sea on the north the fleet swung
toward the south in the teeth of a stiff monsoon from the
turbulent China Sea. The afternoon and night passed with
a steady increase of the wind. Another spell of seasickness
passed through the ranks, and the following afternoon all hailed
with redoubled delight the appearance of Corregidor Island.
Single^file the fleet went up the bay after the Baltimore. A
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 35
G^ermaii cruiser, the Kaiserin Agusta, impudently steamed close
to the transports, as if to inspect the troops arriving, and passed
on to her anchorage with the foreign fleet. Late in the after-
noon the three transports dropped anchor off Cavite inside the
circle maintained by the cruisers — the last of a voyage never
more devoutly wished finished than by the soldiers.
First to impress the soldiers was the siege of the Spanish
forces in Manila, where they had withdrawn and fortified
themselves to meet the Americans. It was certainly gratifying
to the most bellicose to learn that the Filipinos were overrun-
ning the whole island, save Manila and a few fortified outposts.
The swelling natives celebrated the appearance of the Ameri-
can troops in the harbor by a characteristic attack on the
Spanish works, commencing before dark, contrary to their
custom. Small arms crackled, punctuated by the deeper roar
of cannon, and from appearances a furious assault was in
progress. A thrill of gratitude and affection animated the sol-
diers' breasts for the Filipinos. It was not then understood
that Filipino treachery, not valor, had aided the American
fleet in penning up the Spanish in Manila. The Spaniards
found it necessary to withdraw their limited forces from the
surrounding country to protect their capital, depot, arsenals,
homes — all expressed in a word, '' Manila." At first they
established lines far beyond the city limits, and were erecting
fortifications around the bay to contest the ground with the
Americans as they marched from Cavite around to Manila, as
was the supposed method contemplated. Filipino soldiers in
the Spanish service betrayed their masters, thus forcing a with-
drawal of the lines to Malate, on the south, as a more easily
held position. Here breastworks of a substantial character
were thrown up, to oppose which the Filipinos dug trenches, and
here for nearly a month prior to the arrival of the first troops
at Cavite and a month following that time was enacted a lurid
farce of the lighter order, styled "war," by the egotistic Filipinos.
Their play at fighting mostly took place at night. A Filipino
would shoot from a secure trench, with little or no aim. If the
Spanish reply was warm, the valiant Filipino would hide com-
pletely, thrust his rifle sufliciently above his head to reach
above his ditch and discharge it. The bullet might strike in
Hosted by
Google
36 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
the mud fifty yards distant, or encroach on the domain of tt^e
moon by the time it passed over the Spanish trenches. Fatali-
ties on either side were naturally rare. A few small posts held
by loyal Spanish soldiers, such as monasteries and churches,
in the territory betrayed were left isolated by that deed and
fell to the swarming besiegers before starvation made corpses
of the garrison.
THE FIRST REGIMENT TO DISEMBARK.
The first of the expedition to disembark were the nine com-
panies of the Second Oregon on the Australia, Early on the
morning of July 1st, orders were issued by General Anderson
for Colonel Summers to have his men prepare to go ashore at
once. It was rather late in the afternoon before the necessary
cascoes had been towed alongside, but all the troops on the
Australia were in their quarters at Cavite by dusk. The follow-
ing day, July 2d, Companies F, I, and M came ashore, and were
followed by the First Calif ornia Volunteers and the Fourteenth
Infantry. The first person of the regiment to touch Luzon soil
was Colonel Summers, who, with his staff, went to inspect his
quarters the morning of July 1st. The first battalion of the
American army to land in the Philippines was the First Bat-
talion, Second Oregon Infantry, Major Gantenbein, the first
company was K, Captain Worrick, the first enlisted man Pri-
vate McKenna, Company L.
General Anderson reserved the palatial building formerly used
as the mayor and marine officers' quarters for the Fourteenth
Infantry, leaving the marine and old infantry barracks for the
volunteers. Colonel Smith, First California, being Colonel Sum-
mers' senior, selected the Marine Barracks, and Oregon was
quartered in the foul, slimy structures that had not been used
by even the Spanish for years. When Admiral Dewey saw
the condition of the quarters next day he said it was a shame
and an outrage to quarter Americans in such a place, and
suggested to the Colonel that he take other buildings adja-
cent. The Colonel moved one battalion to neat quarters inside
the fort. General Anderson became highly indignant over
the affair and immediately ordered the Colonel back, so the
old quarters were packed to the limit with human chattels,
"soldiers."
Hosted by
Google
'Vj.c':
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 37
MUCH SICKNESS TN THE REGIMENT.
Lectures had been given the men on board the vessels per-
taining to health in the tropics. Partaking of water, fruit, or
liquor, or any indulgence, had been emphasized as sure of fatal
consequences, unless strictly regulated. Yet there was at first
an alarming number of petty ailments, some growing into more
serious complications. The boys were fruit hungry and ate
freely of the great quantities offered for sale by the natives at
trifling prices. Water was not regularly boiled. The " Klon-
dike^' rations of the army became nauseating in the hot climate.
To save expenses General Anderson empowered his quarter-
master to draw from the command details for unloading the
supplies carried by the transports and packing them in store-
houses. The Fourth of July, ordinarily observed by Americans
in a splendid manner, will be remembered by the Oregon boys
as a suffocating day of hard labor. All these conditions coop-
erating produced much sickness. By the third day after land-
ing Major Ellis and Captains Cardwell and Whiting found
sick-call responded to by more than a hundred men. Rather
acute cramps, diarrhoea, and fevers were the usual symptoms.
Most of the men remained in quarters, merely receiving medi-
cines, but some were taken to the improvised hospital — an old
building wholly untit for such use. A week after the troops
landed, the Oregon sick-list had swelled to approximately three
hundred, and it seemed that half the regiment was unfit for
duty. The longshore work was discontinued. Strict measures
were adopted concerning drinking water and fruit. More care
was taken in preparing food. It was some time, however, be-
fore there was much decrease in the number of sick. The
regiment, as compared with the Fourteenth Infantry and Cali-
fornia regiments, seemingly, was suffering most. This was due
to difference in methods of the surgeons. The two former
regiments treated most of their sick in quarters, so there was
no display of the number nor any record made. The Oregon
surgeons at first caused the sick to appear at the hospital when
sick-call was sounded. Here they presented an alarming aspect,
well adapted to the use of prying press correspondents, whose
ambition was to show that volunteers were unfit to control
themselves. ■
Hosted by
Google
38 OREGOK VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
TROUBLE BEGINS WITH THE FILIPINOS.
Contact with the friendly Filipinos, although devoid at first
of anything of a portentous nature, never promised much but
discord. Oh the part of the soldiers there came a feeling of
admiration, produced by the vague reports of Filipino success
around Manila. The secret of that success being unknown,
newly arriyed soldiers readily attributed it to valor and skill
in the field. How much their high opinions were shaken by
the appearance of the rabble Aguinaldo termed soldiers, is
difficult to estimate. A sentiment of the utmost cordiality ex-
isted for several days, but events of a deteriorating character
soon began to operate. Probably these were quickened by the
attitude of the commanding generals on both sides, for soon
the aspirations of Aguinaldo had taken such shape that the
American General was known to entertain them with suspicion.
The removal of Aguinaldo's headquarters to Paraiiaque did
not improve matters. American soldiers had petty conflicts
with Filipino citizens and soldiers. In some instances it could
not be denied that excesses of the ''big white brethren'' were
at the bottom of difficulties. Contrary to all admonitions, the
American soldiers indulged in liquors, especially a native brew
called anisad, which was a violent intoxicant and also very
cheap. A very few drinks of this would fire the Anglo-Saxon
blood until a battle royal only could appease. It was not rare
to see some burly soldier pass through the streets of Cavite
hurling off a pack of Filipino citizens and soldiers who were
trying to apprehend him, and, incidentally, wrecking a few of
the various fruit stands encountered. The American officers
were always prompt to punish any offense against the Filipinos
where satisfactory evidence could be had, of which the Filipino
authorities were informed. The petty character of the swarm-
ing natives began to appear in the numerous commercial trans-
actions. If an American soldier could be cheated in any man-
ner, it was held proper by them to do so.
Their rapacity became intense after the first pay day of the
Americans. In their experience with the Spaniards, private
soldiers never received such fabulous sums as the careless
Americans exhibited. Some of the first soldiers to show them
pieces of gold were thought to be officers, as they could not
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 39
believe a soldier possessed such wealth. Then the hucksters,
peddlers, fruit stands and stores multiplied, and from the prov-
ince of Cavite were brought loads of everything that an Amer-
ican soldier would buy. Nothing but contempt was excited in
the minds of Americans as a result of every increase of their
knowledge of Filipinos and their wa3^s. Before the siege of
Manila commenced, soldiers were heard to say they would re-
ceive with joy the news that the conceited Filipinos were to be
disciplined by force. The savage pleasure they exhibited in
showing how at times the throats of Spaniards were cut added
only repulsiveness to a multitude of other repellant conditions.
Drills and schools were commenced with vigor by Colonel
Summers as soon as his men were quartered at Cavite. Ex-
tended order exercises in particular were given often. Much
benefit was derived from the knowledge imparted to officers
and noncommissioned officers in the schools held on board the
transports. As exertion in the heat of the day was prohibited
during July, the early morning hours and evening were chosen
for drills. At these times the work was taken up faithfully, by
companies, battalions, and in regimental formation. In view
of the need of drilled men in the struggle anticipated before
Manila, officers and men entered into their work with enthu-
siasm, a friendly rivalry also giving life to the drills. Thorough
inspection by both the General and the Colonel told that full
equipments would count in the selection of forces. Small
amounts of clothing were again issued, arms repaired where
necessary, ammunition distributed, and shelter tents furnished.
Until the second expedition arrived, the Oregon men were so
poorly shod that the command was unfit to take the field.
ROUTINE WORK AT CAVITE.
Thus July dragged along with a routine of preparatory work.
During the latter part of the month the Fourteenth Infantry
and the California Volunteers were shipped across the neck of
the bay from Cavite to Paraiiaque, where Camp Dewey was
formed. The Oregon men packed their belongings with the
expectation that they would soon follow. Other expeditions,
composed of unseasoned volunteers and regulars, arrived and
were put into the field. Sickness had nearly disappeared from
Hosted by
Google
40 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
the ranks of the Oregonians; they had drilled hard and well,
were somewhat acclimated, and they felt keenly the arrange-
ment that left them in Cavite.
On three different occasions officers of the regiment were
able to render General Anderson excellent service in the pre-
liminary arrangements for the attack. Captains Heath, Com-
pany A, Wells, Company L, and Prescott, Company D, and
Lieutenant Telfer, Company L, were invited by Captain Are-
valo, a Filipino officer on Aguinaldo's staff, to visit with him
his home in Pasig, above Manila. The officers accepted, mak-
ing the journey across the foothills from Penada to Pasig.
They were delayed by muddy roads and reached the shores of
the bay at Paraiiaque one afternoon when the surf prevented
crossing. Considerable uneasiness was felt over their absence,
and all were ordered before General Anderson when they re-
turned for staying away over time. The explanation given
was satisfactory to him, and the information gathered about
Filipinos during the trip was appreciated and thankfully re-
ceived. Some correspondents magnified the affair into another
example of volunteer stupidity and incompetence. Lieutenant
Bryan of E, and Lieutenant Moore of F, aided by Private
Green of E, spent several days around the Manila fortifications
sketching and mapping the whole country for the General.
Their work was very complete and efficient. A perfect map
with sketches of the whole line of breastworks placed in the
General's hands knowledge of the enemy's works that was in-
valuable in the subsequent operations. Captain Case of Com-
pany F, performed some excellent work in the same interest as
an engineer officer. His scouting along all the roads from
Paraiiaque and adjacent country to Manila and report on their
availability for marching over and use in transportation proved
of useful service.
Great excitement prevailed in the Oregon regiment when
news of the commencement of fighting July 31st was received.
General Merritt had then arrived and had said that the regi-
rnent would be left in Cavite as a guard for the base of sup-
plies. He further intimated, however, that should it be nec-
essary to make an assault on the walls of Manila before the
city surrendered the regiment would be given a prominent
Hosted by
Google
DEI5SS PABADIS OF SECOND OliECJON IN COURT OB' CUABTEL DE ESPA5JA.
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 41
part. Trouble with the natives then seemed imminent, and
Cavite was the most likely point for an attack, should they be-
come hostile over any arrangement found expedient during
the siege. General Anderson told the Colonel that the regi-
ment had been selected for duty at Cavite because of the con-
fidence reposed in it. A change of quarters was all that broke
the monotony of the early days of August. Friday, August
12th, Colonel Summers was ordered to have nine companies
of his regiment ready to embark on vessels before daylight on
the morning of the 13th, the day finally agreed upon for the
assault. This most delightful information ran through the
camp with electric speed, notwithstanding it might foretell ter-
rible carnage under the grim old walls facing the sea, where it
was understood the Oregon men were to land. The soldiers
took up the shout until wherever there was an Oregon man in
Cavite a series of wild caperings told something was to happen.
The natives could poorly understand that all the gayety was
caused by the prospect of facing the Spaniards behind the
walls of Manila.
Adding more to the enthusiasm of the Oregon men was the
report that one company from the regiment would be selected
as bodyguard for General Merritt. Company F, commanded
by Captain Case, was named for the work, and was to go aboard
the Zafiro on the morning named, which vessel the General
and staff were to occupy during the bombardment. Taking
300 rounds of ammunition per man and only such equipment
as was necessary in the field, all other articles were packed.
A more forlorn command was never seen in the Philippines
than that left in Cavite under Lieutenant Colonel Yoran and
Major Eastwick, consisting of Companies C, I, and M. Not
from a sense of danger, for the soldiers would welcome a fight
with superior numbers, but because they were being left when
the regiment went into action.
THE CAPTURE OF MANILA.
Before the appointed hour, August 13th, Colonel Summers
had his men aboard the Kwoiichoi and Zafiro. These two ves-
sels took positions amidst the fleet until the vessels of Admiral
Dewey, preceded by the Monterey^ slowly steamed for Manila
Hosted by
Google
42 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
and then followed at a reasonable distance from the Olympian
so that communication between General Merritt and the Ad-
miral was maintained. A sense of awe overcame the soldiers
as they felt themselves moved along with the majestic proces-
sion, most of which had taken part in the naval battle of May
1st, at the sanie spot. As the monitor steamed directly for the
much-talked-of batteries of Manila and gradually worked her
way inward until within easy range, every eye was strained
through the slight mist to catch the first glimpse of smoke from
her turrets or a similar challenge from the fortifications on the
shore. AH looked in vain. The monitor never took the offen-
sive, and the big Krupp guns on shore did not care to i*ouse her
to action.
At 9:15 o'clock a. m. the Olympia was off for Fort San An-
tonio Adad, in Malate, at which she fired the opening gun. It
was a 6-inch gun on the starboard side.
The shell struck the water and ricochetted until it struck the
land. The Petrel and Raleigh followed shortly, with more suc-
cess. For about an hour the three cruisers kept up a deliber-
ate fire, which was quickened whenever a puff of smoke along
the right wing of the Spanisii trenches indicated the position
of the enemy. The vessels slackened at last, and the charge
of the land forces commenced. A part of the Colorado regi-
ment could be seen by the Oregon boys rushing along the
beach toward the stone fort. Their progress was visible until
they plunged into the Cingalon River and clambered up the
sides of the old stone structure which had been partly demol-
ished by the heavy shells from the fleet. When it was seen
that opposition had ceased in this quarter, the cruisers, fol-
lowed by the Zafiro and Kwonchoi, steamed up directly oppo-
site the mouth of the Pasig. The vessels did not open fire on
the city, nor was there any shooting at them from the shore.
An undisturbed calm reigned for quite a period, which was
relieved by the arrival of a launch from shore bearing at the
prow a flag of truce and the Belgian flag astern. Through the
fleet word quickly circulated that negotiations for surrender
were in progress. The Admiral's flag lieutenant and a repre-
sentative of General Merritt returned on the launch to the city.
After a brief interval, the officers came back to the ship with
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 43
word that the Spanish General agreed to surrender, and asked
to have six hundred men put inside the Walled City at once to
maintain order. The nine companies of the Oregon regiment
were just the number required, and the Kwonchoi and the
Zafiro were immediately headed for the shore. General Merritt
and staff took a launch, preceding the troops by over an hour,
and when they reached the Ayuntamiento, where the Spanish
General had offices, were in possession. The Kwonchoi ran
aground trying to reach the sea wall, and her troops were trans-
fered to the shore in launches. Company F reached the wall
in the same manner, being the first of the troops to land.
Colonel Summers landed from the London Times and New York
Herald launch, reaching the shore of Manila ahead of any of
his command.
As fast as each of the two battalions could be landed, it
formed in the square terminating the Reina Christina drive
around the monument of Don Simon de Anda. From there
Company F and the First Battalion, Major Gantenbein, marched
up the Reina Christina drive and entered the Walled City,
marching directly to the Ayuntamiento building, followed a
half hour later by the Second Battalion and band, Major Willis.
On the high walls as the soldiers passed were numerous Span-
iards, some still holding their arms, and the looks with which
they greeted the uncouth-appearing conquerors were an3^thing
but pleasant. The way from the gate of the wall to the palace
was crowded with soldiers and citizens of the fallen power.
There were approximately five thousand armed men concen-
trated inside the walls. As the little band of five companies
marched through the dense throng, bright with the splendid
uniforms of Spanish officers and soldiers, some of the Ore-
gonians could not help but remember vividly tales of Spanish
treachery. There was never any reason to doubt Spanish sin-
cerity, for if no other cause was oppressive, Dewey was
anchored just beyond the walls, and the advancing American
forces occupied the city all around.
The Oregon men were lined up in front of the palace be-
tween rows of Spanish soldiers. The Spanish General's fiag
had been hauled down, and in its stead the blue emblem of
General Merritt's authority was run up over the building.
Hosted by
Google
44 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAH.
Lieutenant Young, Company A, took a platoon of his company
to escort the Admiral's flag lieutenant and Lieutenant Povey,
Company L, during the pulling down of the big flag over the
parapets of the western wall. A large crowd of Spanish men
and women were in the vicinity when their national colors
were lowered and tne Stars and Stripes took their place. Some
of the women wept aloud and nearly all stood with averted
faces. One lady pleaded with the Spanish oflicer nearest to
die rather than see the flag lowered. Lieutenant Povey, aided
by two privates, managed the halyards in both cases. As the
Stars and Stripes were run up, the Second Battalion marching
up the Reina Christina drive toward the Walled City cheered,
and the band struck up the Star Spangled Banner. The effect
was very dramatic.
GUARD duty IN THE CITY.
Squads from different companies wpre detailed for guard
duty at the six entrances to the Walled City, over the treasury
and palace buildings, and the two large magazines found under
the walls. Company A was placed in charge of the arsenal.
Four companies slept in the palace. E)etails were made to
receive the arms of the surrendering soldiers. One crew
worked in the vestibule of the palace until early next morn-
ing, and another in the arsenal. For two days commands
from the trenches were coming in to surrender, keeping the
Americans quite busy receiving and storing the arms and
ammunition. Colonel Summers was made acting provost
marshal and was placed in charge of everything inside the
walls for about a week, leaving the immediate commaiud of the
troops to Major Gantenbein. The second day all the troops,
except Companies A and F, were quartered in the Cuartel de
Espaiia. For the first three days hardly any of the soldiers
were able to sleep, duties were so heavy. After that the arse-
nal was placed in charge of the Twenty-third Infantry, which
regiment also assumed control of the lower third of the Walled
City. Four companies of the Minnesota regiment were given
a belt in the center, and the Oregon regiment took charge of
the southern half, besides the palace, where Company F was
quartered.
Hosted by
Google
V..V ,-c...,C0UN|i
=.^.. z-^- ■ .. . ■ . ■ .
. /^mu^r
/4
or- Q;;.i\'rr:\T. >,, '1- &■ ft?;K5'.
\:mMiA%
vAf'.iL J''±^
|-.S( :•■;[. \l j (!■: iH-
\.\-V\V.\\ wmr'iii.N iiv \ia.!
, ' .]■ N. N\' !::-l,!:\' .UJ:i;!M.iT,
i;. s. AiiatY.
sy
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 45
The work of the Second Oregon inside the walls during the
early da^^s of American occupation was equal to the best services
performed in the Eighth Army Corps during the same time.
It was bloodless, but exacting. Spaniards have always asserted
that the surrender of Manila on August 13th was pursuant
to a prearranged plan agreed upon by their General and Gen-
eral Merritt. Everybody realized how fruitless of everything
but havoc would be resistance by them. Food scarce, health-
ful water controlled by the enemy, the city invested by a strong
force of disciplined troops and a swarm of blacks, an overpow-
ering fleet standing within easy range, final defeat was inevit-
able. Reliable authorities repeated before the surrender that
all that deterred the Spanish officers from immediate sur-
render was the unreasonable attitude of their home govern-
ment should not a show of resistance be made, and also the fear
of occupation of the city by the Filipino armed rabble. As
soon as their ungrateful people could be appeased and there
was assurance that civilized troops would assume control of the
city, there seemed no further disposition to prolong a destruc-
tive, useless conflict. There was ample evidence during the
bombardment that the American commanders appreciated the
situation, if, indeed, they were not acting according to mutual
plans, and, although the inherent efficiency of the American
soldiers was partly demonstrated, there can be no doubt that
the enemy retired from their outworks far more readily than
they would have under other circumstances. It has been
hinted that the ambition of certain American commanders
actually precipitated most of the fighting of the day. Certainly
the indiscreetness of the commanders at one time came near
causing a renewal of the fight, after negotiations for absolute
surrender were well under way. Nothing of the kind can be
charged to the Oregon regiment or its commander. All work
assigned to Colonel Summers and his men was dispatched with
promptness, firmness, and consideration.
Six long weary months for the Oregon men passed between
August 13th aud the outbreak of the struggle with the Fili-
pinos— months filled with doubtful issues, trying experiences
and disappointments. News of peace between the United
States and Spain followed closely upon the fall of Manila. No
Hosted by
Google
46 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
policy had then been outlined by the McKinley administration
regarding the future of the Philippines, There seemed to the
soldiers on duty there, although personally weary of the service
in the tropics, no reasonable alternative for the Government in
the matter. However, no declaration was ever made during
the period intervening the date of the peace protocol and the
announcement of the Peace Commissioners' work, so the sol-
diers never knew until then whether their sacrifices were for
American possessions or in furtherance of a chance adventure.
They believed a reasonable interpretation of their contract of
enlistment would grant their discharge soon after the expira-
tion of hostilities. The desire to get back to the United States
was aggravated by the act of favoritism perpetrated by the War
Department in returning the Astor Battery shortly after the
Spanish war ceased.
THE UNHEALTHY CITY.
Sickness proved during this waiting period more fatal than
human enemies. Exceedingly unsanitary sewers in old Manila
aided the disease-breeding cesspools and filthy moats in dissemi-
nating typhoid, malaria, and fevers. Several deaths occurred,
and but few members of the regiment escaped an attack of some
form. In some instances a soldier would recover from one dis-
ease to become the victim of another equally or more severe.
Smallpox appeared shortly after the troops reached the city.
When it was first discovered in the city, there was a feeling
bordering on consternation. Dire conjectures were made of
the limits which it seemed probable smallpox would reach in
a city so filthy, densely populated, and hot. Strict measures
were planned and executed to restrict its course. A few deaths
resulted from this disease, but a mere fraction of the number at
first apprehended. Americans failed to consider that smallpox
in Manila is nearly always prevalent, has a relatively small
number of untouched cases among the natives, and, therefore,
with scientific care of the soldiers, but little danger was to be
apprehended from it.
Preparation of the food furnished soldiers soon demanded
more attention than it had ever received. Owing to the fact
that much of the ration was improper food for a hot climate,
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 47
this subject became especially important. In the Cuartel de
Espaiia the soldiers built large ovens and heaters that enabled
them to bake breadstuffs and cook their meals in the most ap-
proved manner. Gradually, also, the subsistence department
altered the ration as consumption pointed out the required
articles. One feature of the regiment's conduct during this
period that will be remembered with pride, was the splendid
discipline maintained and the soldierly appearance of the men.
While in the Filipino war it was found, as elsewhere, that the
fastidiously exact in attire do not always make the best fighters,
there were many good results from the wholesome discipline
of the Oregon regiment. The regiment gained the name of
being the most military in appearance and performance of
duty of any volunteers in Manila. No licentious excesses could
flourish under such restraints, and, consequently, the names of
the Oregon soldiers were not so often associated with high-
handed and unlawful practices as were some others engaged in
provost guard duty. When trouble commenced the discipline
of the regiment also assured it places of the greatest responsi-
bility. A work of no small importance was done by the regi-
ment in forcing residents in the district guarded to keep their
premises clean of all filth and rubbish. Captain Heath was ap-
pointed by the Colonel sanitary officer, and regularly inspected
the beats patroled by the soldiers for any lapse in enforcement
of orders in this respect.
MARKED ABILITY OF THE OFFICERS RECOGNIZED.
As a mark of the individual ability of the officers of the
regiment, may be cited their employment in positions of im-
portance in the Military Government. Their judicial ability
was above the average. Major Gantenbein was early appointed
president of two general courts-martial, one of the senior mem-
bers of the military commission, the highest tribunal of the
administration, a member of the board of claims against the
Spanish Government and of the board of claims against the
United States Government. Though detailed on these various
boards he continued to perform all the duties of battalion com-
mander with his regiment until March 22, 1899. Upon the
establishment of the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands
Hosted by
Google
48 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
a few days before the departure of the regiment for the United
States, he was tendered a position as Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court, but preferred to return with his regiment.
Major Eastwick was appointed president of a general court-
martial composed of Oregon and Tennessee officers. Lieuten-
ants Dunbar and Telfer were chosen judge-advocates of general
courts-martial. Lieutenant Colonel Yoran always acted as field
and summary court ofiicer of the regiment. Lieutenant Piatt
was appointed acting assistant judge-advocate on General
Hughes' staff, a position requiring much work during the early
occupation by the Americans, owing to the involved nature of
real estate and contracts. Captain Wells was appointed on a
board of examiners, for the Eighth Army Corps. Captain
Whiting was given full charge of the smallpox hospital, where
his tireless and efficient work won the praise of every patient
cared for, as well as his superiors. Lieutenant Bryan had
charge of the sales' department of the general commissary until
his resignation from the service on account of poor health.
Lieutenant Povey was detailed as depot quartermaster of Cavite
until that depot was abandoned. He was then brevetted cap-
tain and made assistant depot quartermaster to Major Jones,
depot quartermaster at Manila. Lieutenant Wolfe was detailed
to act as third in rank at the Presidio de Manila, the island
penitentiary, where Captain Case also acted for a period on a
commission inspecting the books of the institution as left by
the Spaniards.
Oregon privates were on duty in every department of the
corps. In the Adjutant General's office there were more Oregon
men than from all other commands combined. The quarter-
master's department had also a large percentage of Oregon men,
and in most of the undertakings of the government requiring
especial skill or training, Oregon men were to be found.
Company H of the regiment was selected by General Hughes
for the customhouse, where the general capacity of the mem-
bers for all branches of work in that institution was often
commented upon. General Hughes himself stated that it was
unlikely that in the entire army corps another company could
be found in which there were so many men competent to man-
age such affairs. Lieutenant McKinnon acted as boarding
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 49
officer of the port from the time the company entered upon
customhouse duties until relieved. Captain McDonell had a
supervising position, and Lieutenant Gritzmacher commanded
the customhouse guards.
RECRUITS FOR THE REGIMENT.
When President McKinley issued the second call for troops
all the State was allowed to raise was a sufficient number to fill
the Second Oregon companies up to the full war footing. This
number was ready before the mustering officer could attend to
the physical examinations. It was deemed inexpedient to
assemble all at a central point, so the mustering and medical
officers visited different cities of the State where the recruits
were enlisted. The call was issued May 25th, and the last of
the recruits left the State July 7th. They could have gone far
earlier had they been accepted as fit for service sooner. At
first the recruits were placed under the command of Major
Diggles as detachment commander, and under the immediate
control of a sergeant of the Thirteenth Minnesota, as drill-
master. The total of 313 men were separated into provisional
companies for convenience in drills and mess, but were mus-
tered as one company. Up to the time of departure for Manila
the recruits were under many different commanders from dif-
ferent regiments. They were not uniformed with system or
method. A campaign hat would be issued one day, a pair of
leggings another, a blouse still another, and so on until the men
presented a semimilitary aspect. Some of the clothing issued
was of the worst quality.
At first the recruits were encamped at what was known as
Camp Merritt, part of the time in an old barn, without bedding,
shelter, or adequate clothing. They were then moved into
tents, and made to sleep in the wet, cold sand, where many of
them contracted pneumonia, and several died. The Oregon
men were later removed from cold, disagreeable Camp Merritt
and camped in the Presidio, where their condition was vastly
improved. After repeatedly preparing for the voyage across
the Pacific to join their regiment, the tired men were finally,
on October 17th, put aboard the transport Senator for Manila,
where they arrived the day before Thanksgiving, On Thanks^
3
Hosted by
Google
50 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
giving day they disembarked, after being thoroughly vaccinated,
and partook of a pleasant repast that had been prepared for
them by the members of the respective companies to which
they were assigned. One member of the recruits, who had
acted as sergeant major of the detachment, John W. Marshall,
was afterwards appointed sergeant major of the regiment upon
the discharge of Sergeant Major Rintoul.
With the commencement of the "siege of Manila" on the
night of February 4th, the work of the provost guard became
arduous and critical. Throughout the time that the regiment
remained on such duty until relieved to take the field, it certainly
is favorable to notice that no hostile demonstration ever oc-
curred in the district patroled. Oregon men were as eager as
any in the corps to inflict punishment on the contemptuous
Filipinos, for they, equally with all Americans in Luzon, had
suffered from their insolence. Yet they performed duty with-
out venting revengeful feeling, performed it so thoroughly and
well that it was only after strong efforts that Colonel Summers
was finally able to get his command relieved from provost
guard duty.
THE OUTBREAK OF THE FILIPINO REBELLION.
On the night of February 4th, when fighting commenced, all
of the Oregon regiment took its assigned posts. A false alarm,
previously, when the soldiers were all called out, demonstrated
that the Oregonians were equal if not superior to the best in
point of speed. Then the regiment was marching out of the
cuartel in fighting array seven minutes after the alarm. Better
time than that was made February 4th. The positions were
occupied long before the residents were fully aware that hos-
tilities had commenced. The First Battalion, Major Ganten-
bein, held the southern gate, the portion of the wall west of it,
and the outer bridge of the causeway leading ovfer the water
to the southern gate. Major Eastwick conducted three com-
panies of his battalion to the southeast corner of the wall and
the more southerly of the eastern gates.
The Second Battalion was held by Major Willis on Victoria
Street, immediately in front of the cuartel, as a force to operate
anywhere inside the walls should trouble commence. At dif-
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 51
ferent times on that memorable night the Oregon soldiers took
the same positions, after trying to secure temporary rests.
Every man was at his post, including a score who had been
receiving treatment in the regimental hospital. When Gen-
eral Hughes made his rounds to ascertain the arrangement of
the provost guard force, he found nothing to do in the Oregon
district. All were in perfect position, anxiously waiting for
the visage of strife to emerge from the jumble of old buildings.
Company H, at the customhoase, guarded a district adjacent
to that building. Company F kept a strong guard over the
palace, besides reinforcing the guards of the Twenty-third
Infantry at two of the city entrances. Nothing of moment
happened to any of the Oregon soldiers that night. The long
firing line, circling fourteen miles around the great city, was
within easy hearing distance, and awakened within the breasts
of idle guards within the walls a spirit of intense eagerness.
At daybreak, when the American advance commenced, in-
creased vigilance was demanded of the Walled City guards.
Nothing more. Opportunity was had to observe the decadence
of Filipino egotism. The most intolerable insolence was nigh
the bursting mark when firing commenced. The immediate
occupation of every street by determined soldiers was a slight
depression. Fast accumulating reports of Filipino reverses
rapidly added to their discouragement. By noon, when the
audacious followers of Aguinaldo had but one purpose in life —
shelter from the white man's fury— -Filipinos in Manila were
the most forlorn, abject bipeds inhabiting the earth.
The savage work of skulking blacks in the Paco district,
hiding in preteodedly friendly houses and firing at the soldiers
from the rear, or the ambulances with wounded soldiers and
Red Cross attendants, brought upon them in the early morning
severe punishment. As troops could not be spared from the
front, one battalion of the Oregon regiment was asked to take
charge of the district. Major Eastwick, with Companies C,
G, and K, patroled all between Paco church and the hospital.
Several times the men were fired upon from the huts and also
from the Paco church before it was destroyed by the Wash-
ington, Oregon, and Idaho soldiers. No fatalities occurred,
nor were the soldiers able to locate their sneaking enemy. In
Hosted by
Google
52 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
the afternoon the three companies were sent to quarters for a
little rest, and Companies D and L, under Major Gantenbein,
took the patrol. Natives became unusually troublesome in a
remote quarter of the district, to which Major Gantenbein
directed his attention. Forming a long skirmish line he con-
ducted his men through the zone, driving from it all bearing
arms and capturing forty-five men who were strongly suspected
of being the guilty parties, as some of thenl were discovered
while in the act of casting firearms into sloughs. Four or five
of these natives, while attempting to escape, were shot.
THE CAPTURE OF THE WATER WORKS.
• Monday morning following the third battalions of the Ore-
gon, Tennessee, and Twenty4hird Infantry regiments were
ordered to be ready to march to the support of the Nebraska
regiment in the contemplated assault on the water system, still
held by the Filipinos. F, the fourth company of the battalion,
being at the palace, was not taken. Companies C, G, and K
were under way promptly at noon, thickly interspersed with
numerous men from the other companies of the regiment, who
were trying to get on the firing line by this means. All strag-
glers were sent back despite protests. Company G was com-
manded by Captain Barber, promoted to the captaincy shortly
before, owing to the resignation of Captain Gadsby. Compa-
nies C and K were commanded by their original captains.
Moon and Wor rick, respectively. Maj or East wick was assigned
to the reserve in the fight that resulted in the capture of the
entire water system. Lieutenant Sutton, Company G, who had
just been promoted to the position, was ordered to take one
platoon of his company to the firing line of the Twenty-third
and Tennessee men, out on the Mariquina Road, reaching the
position just in time to form in the final charge over the breast-
works of the Filipinos. Next morning, Captain Barber, with
the remainder of the company, joined him, after which the
long march around through the Mariquina Valley was taken
up. Light skirmishes continued until the command reached
and destroyed Mariquina, a town of fifteen thousand inhabitants.
Company G rejoined Major Eastwick on the pipe line that
night. The three companies for four days guarded the district
Hosted by
Google
<^
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAE. 53
between the pumping station and the Deposito, a distance of
four miles. Several exciting incidents occurred in the light
skirmishing and lonely picket duty, but without serious results.
Following the installment of the Nebraska regiment at the
pumping station and along the adjacent portion of the pipe
line, Major Eastwick's battalion was assigned to the district
between the Deposito and Manila, covering a distance of two
and a half miles. Captain Barber held. half of Company G in
the old stone powder magazine on the north bank of the San
Juan River, and the other half in stone Blockhouse No. 5, just
across on the other bank. Captain Worrick divided Company
K between a good position immediately south of the Mariquina
Road and an eminence nearer the magazine. Captain Moon
held Company C on a ridge between the Mariquina Road and
the position of the Wyoming battalion, a half mile to the north.
Substantial breastworks were thrown up by each of the com-
panies, and daily drills had in the work of defending them.
Lieutenant Murphy of Company K was assigned to the com-
mand of a Hotchkiss and Gattling battery, consisting of two
guns of each make, which was directed to operate with any
part of the line in that vicinity needing its services. The men
to work the guns were drawn from the Utah battery and the
three Oregon companies.
THE UPRISING IN MANILA.
Not until the night of February 22d was there anything of
a hostile effort inside the city to engage the provost guard.
About 9 o'clock that evening fire, plainly of incendiary origin,
broke out in the Santa Cruz district, first appearing in a house
of ill repute in the Chinese quarter there. Spreading rapidly
in the face of the ludicrous and half-hearted work of the na-
tive firemen, a section three blocks in width was burned towards
the center of the city. A variety of Chinese structures, besides
five or six rather imposing Spanish residences, were in the
path ; also one cigar factory. The arrival of the English and
German fire brigades and the energetic work of the soldiers
were the means of confining the fire to this district, which was
bordered, leeward, by one of the numerous canals in Manila.
None of the Oregon men were called upon then.
Hosted by
Google
54 OREGON VOLUNTliERS IN SPANISH WAK.
Shortly after the first fire had subsided, flames began to leap
from the nipa huts in the Tondo district, near where Company
C of the Thirteenth Minnesota regiment was quartered. It was
while making an effort to reach the scene of this fire so as to
extinguish it, that shooting commenced. Soon the whole Tondo
district was infested with Filipinos carrying arms. Shots were
fired at passing soldiers from windows in the San Nicolas and
Binondo districts. A strong body seemed to have organized in
the vicinity of Paseo de Excarraga, where an effort was made
to cut off the Minnesota boys. Company H of the Oregon regi-
ment went to the rescue, after which the two formed along the
circular boulevard, cutting off communication between the
large force in Tondo and the scattering sharpshooters through-
out the more central portion. Company A, Second Oregon,
had been doing police duty in the Binondo district for more
than a week preceding the fire. The district patrolled by it lay
along the canal dividing Binondo and San Nicolas. One squad,
under the immediate command of Sergeant Deich, was sta-
tioned at the rear of the old market building, where the third
and most menacing fire originated, when flames started up.
Several Filipinos running from one housetop to another near
the market were shot. Captain McDonell of Company H, see-
ing the conflagration starting at the rear, sent several squads
back to fight fire there and to aid in guarding the firemen from
the treacherous attempts of the Filipino sharpshooters scattered
thereabout. About the same time Companies I and L of the
Second Oregon, the remaining two companies of the First Bat-
talion, under Major Gantenbein, were also called by General
Hughes to the scene. Half of each guarded the arms, while the
other halves were organized into small squads to use the fire ap-
paratus, which was worse than useless in the hands of natives.
It was absolutely apparent by that time that the pretended
amigos were either in hearty sympathy with the dastardly
attempts of the insurgents to fire the city, or were so terrorized by
threats of the insurgents that they were useless. In three in-
stances Filipinos were discovered cutting the hose. Orders
were issued to shoot any person found in such. work. The
Oregon boys, aided by some of thp Minnesota guards, seized the
fire apparatus, placed it where it would be effective, and worked
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLtTNTEl^IlS IN gJt*ANISH WAU. 55
like Trojans until well into the following day. The English,
fire engine and another steamer of fair proportions were taken
in hand, with splendid results. Had it not been for this and
the heroic labor of Captain Wells, with some of his men, and
squads from H and also I, under Lieutenant Campbell, the fire
could not have been checked on the southwest before reaching
the valuable warehouses and storerooms along the waterfront,
among which were the government buildirigs containing sup-
plies and clothing. A slight breeze had sprung up from the
northeast. In the path of the flames starting from the old
market were swarms of Chinese and Filipinos, housed with
true Oriental economy of space. As fast as their quarters
ignited they were forced out on to the streets, from which they
had been ordered under severe penalties. General Hughes had
issued orders for everybody, save the soldiers and firemen, to
be kept inside. The terror-stricken inhabitants gradually ven-
tured from the burning buildings, apparently less in awe of the
sweeping conflagration wrapping their homes than the white
soldiers, whom they had been taught to fear as the most atro-
cious of mankind. As the frightened people realized that the
Americans were governed by reason they became more mobile
and were easily conducted in an orderly manner to safe locali-
ties and kept within prescribed bounds. Many sights of de-
pressing distress were placed before the eyes of the soldiers that
night which will never be effaced.
General Hughes warmly complimented more than one of the
Oregon men for efficient service. When he' called upon Lieu-
tenant Telfer to man the English fire engine, that officer in a
few moments selected from the half of Company L under his
command an engineer, a driver and hoseman, who quickly had
in operation practically the only engine used that night. Light
pressure was noticed in all the hydrants, thus reducing the effi-
ciency of the ordinary hose. Several squads of Oregon men,
under the immediate direction oi General Hughes, Major Gan-
tenbein, Captain Wells, and Lieutenant Campbell, however, did
good work with these weak streams. In the morning all the
Oregon men were relieved for much-needed rest. The com-
panies remaining in the Cuartel de Espaiia, as guard inside
the walls, experienced no appreciable difficulties. Once or
Hosted by
Google
56 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
twice little attempts at arson were forestalled in time to pre-
vent damage, and extra guards vigilantly patrolled the streets.
General Hughes decided to drive the insurgents, who had
fortified in Tondo, out of the city or capture them. He asked
Colonel Summers to send two companies that were rested, under
the command of a major, who should operate with two compa-
nies from the Thirteenth Minnesota, in doing this work.
Major Willis was ordered to take Companies E and M, Cap-
tains Davis and Poorman, respectively, and proceed to the
Tondo church. There he was joined by Companies C and M,
Thirteenth Minnesota. Each of the four companies had in
ranks only half their men, as the other half were on guard
duty. Insurgent sharpshooters, posted through the ruins of
the demolished buildings in the vicinity of the church, had
kept up from daybreak an accurate fire on everybody approach-
ing their position. Major Willis marched the four companies
out into the fire zone until the column was fired upon. Then
he deployed in extended order, placing Company E on the left,
Company M in the center, and Company C, Thirteenth Minne-
sota, on the right. Company M of the Minnesotas was com-
manded by Captain McKelvy, and Company C by Lieutenant
Snow. Lieutenant Dunbar was with Company E, and Lieu-
tenant Platts with Company M of the Oregon companies. With
Captain McKelvy's company in reserve, the advance com-
menced. Across the two streets extending almost parallel
through Tondo were built stone barricades, a small stone en-
closure one hundred feet square being between the two barri-
cades. As soon as the line started forward a pretty hot fire
was opened by the enemy, scattered advantageously in front
of the main positions. Steadily these were borne backward
until the full force was encountered behind the fortifications.
Here the firing was hot for the number engaged. Major Willis
kept a position near the center of the line and kept in touch
through his adjutant. Lieutenant Brazee. By checking the
center slightly and forging his two wings ahead, the major was
able to catch the two barricades and stone enclosure in some-
what of a flank fire, which proved too deadly for the enemy.
As the Filipinos broke from their cover and commenced to
retreat to the tramway station they offered excellent targets for
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 57
the American soldiers, who utilized the opportunity with deadly
accuracy. A line of eight, running alongside the little fort,
were mowed down almost instantly by the left wing, which had
advanced so as to fully command the space retreated over.
Those in the center also advanced rapidly about the same
instant, adding to the discomfiture of the demoralized blacks.
They fled rapidly toward a series of barricades beyond the
tramway station, barely checking there to give a few parting
shots.
Major Goodale, Twenty-third Infantry, with two companies
from that regiment, arrived on the scene just as the first bar-
ricades and little fort were being carried. They were able to
bring down a few of the enemy on the extreme right that had
taken refuge in the brush. Being the senior officer, he was
tendered command of the whole force by Major Willis. After
a brief halt the line was reformed, the fresh troops being placed
on the left this time, and the four companies of the volunteers
on the right. The latter spread over all the ground adjacent
to the railroad, and moved forward until Caloocan was reached,
but had no more fighting. Major Goodale, with his two com-
panies, gave the remaining Filipinos a finishing touchdown
in the swamp near the shore of the bay. It was evident that
all were retreating in this direction, but the land forces relied
upon the cooperation of some small launches under the com-
mand of naval officers to intercept any fugitives trying to reach
Malabon.
The Tondo fight was one of the most successful from a stra-
tegic point that had occurred. For the number of Americans
engaged, it was a splendid success. Major Willis commanded
approximately 200, and it was estimated that the insurgents
had between 250 and 300. Sixty were killed on the field, fifty
were taken prisoners, and the remainder succeeded in again
reaching Malabon. Eighty well-armed soldiers in one band
were counted while crossing the shallow lagoon between the
mainland and a narrow strip of land leading to that city. Sev-
eral others escaped in the same way. The American loss was
trifling. Up to the arrival of the companies of the Twenty-
third, no one had been mortally wounded. Two Minnesota
soldiers had been lightly hit, and Private Hildebrand of Com-
Hosted by
Google
58 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
pany E, Second Oregon, received a scratch on one finger. In
the fight by Major Goodale one soldier was killed and another
badly wounded. A distressing scene was revealed when the
soldiers entered the stone enclosure used as a fort. Inside of
this there were twenty dead bodies, all well armed, besides
thirty adult men, probably in the ranks of the insurgents be-
fore they discovered that escape was impossible, and about one
hundred and fifty women and children. The fright of these
abject creatures, made more heartrending by severities follow-
ing an attempt of some of the men to murder one of our soldiers
while engaged in caring for the Filipino wounded, was extreme.
They fell upon their knees with wild lamentations, nearly smoth-
ering with caresses and fondling those who approached. While
a member of Company M was in the act of scaling the wall,
Captain Poorman discovered a Filipino making ready to stab
the soldier with a large knife. The captain quickly shot the
Malay with his pistol. All of the Tondo district from the church
north was fired as the fighting line advanced. The work was
also pushed on through the district until Caloocan was reached,
as all the residents thereabouts had been harboring the hostiles
for several days while the plans for murder and arson were per-
fected.
A FIGHT ON THE FOURTH OF MARCH.
Companies C, K, and G had an engagement with insurgents
near San Juan del Monte March 4th, in which Corporal Ponath
of Company G was shot through the right lobe of the lung.
Sharpshooters along the water line had grown audacious, and
were bothering nightly the outposts. General Hale, command-
ing the brigade doing duty along the line, requested Major East-
wick to make an excursion with whatever number of his men
seemed necessary to clear the country. Taking the three com-
panies, he marched out through the country east of the line
until Cruznalis, three miles from San Juan del Monte, was
reached. Here the enemy was met in force. Arranging his
men for the attack and taking advantage of all available shelter,
the major opened the fight with several volleys. Gradually his
men worked forward until the position of the enemy became
untenable. The fighting lasted until evening, covering a period
of five hours, Considerable loss was sustained by the Filipinos,
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 59
the exact number being unknown. The Oregon men escaped
with rare good fortune, as their only wounded man, Corporal
Ponath, recovered.
Quiet reigned along the water line then until March 5th.
Again sharpshooters became so harassing that aggressive
movements were planned against them. Company B, First
Nebraska, had an outpost on the Mariquina Road about three
miles from the junction defended by the Oregon men. Cap-
tain Moon was sent out there March 5th with twenty-four men
to clear the woods. The captain at the outposts directed him
to the village where the most activity had been noticed during
the past week. Captain Moon advanced against it in skirmish
order. Suspecting an ambush, if he entered along the ordi-
nary route, he wheeled before reaching it and took the village
at right angles to the road. Everything within was quiet as
the dead, so still, in fact, that, in view of the presence of inhab-
itants so shortly before, it was suspicious. Just as the little
line was emerging from a thin fringe of trees into the road, a
terrible fire was opened on it. The Filipinos had a strong bar-
ricade across the street farther down and had dispersed troops
back along either side, so that when this was encountered, a
heavy ambush fire from both flanks could be directed upon
troops occupying the road. The direction of the Americans'
entrance had driven them from one side and from the barri-
cade, but they still held the line of trenches on the other side.
Taking advantage of trees and a hedge, the men under Captain
Moon returned the overpowering fire with vigor. For over an
hour this exchange continued until the Filipinos undertook a
flank movement. The captain then hurriedly retreated over
a little ridge, where he remained until reenforced by Company
B of the Nebraska regiment and two other companies taken to
the rescue by Major Eastwick. Captain Moon's men again
advanced to their former position, engaging the enemy until
two of the Nebraska companies had worked around behind the
entrenched Filipinos. The enemy was then quickly routed
with rather heavy loss. Captain Worrick with Company K had
also been sent out to help, and fortunately came in a direction
that brought him upon the rear of the Filipinos just as they
had made another stand. When fired upon the second time
Hosted by
Google
60 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
from the rear they fled panic-stricken. Captain Worrick later
took twenty men and dislodged a lot of sharpshooters that had
gathered a little over a mile north of the Deposito. He had a
brief engagement, in which his men saw several victims of
their excellent shooting, which terminated in the rout of the
enemy again.
Another move on the Mariquina Road was made March 6th
by Captain Barber, aided by Lieutenant Murphy commanding
one Hotchkiss gun. The captain's men did not discover the
enemy until close upon an outpost in light trenches. The
greeting was a few Mauser volleys at very close range, which
were fortunately without serious results to the Americans.
After arranging his men to meet these sharpshooters, a rapid
advance was commenced that bore the outpost back on the
main body. The Filipinos had a commanding position on a
ridge beyond the range of the Springfields. Company K,
under Captain Worrick, was sent to the aid of Company G.
Lieutenant Murphy got his Hotchkiss in play, with apparent
effect on the Filipinos. They had begun to shrink from the
accurate fire, when the Hotchkiss broke down, so that it had to
be taken from the field as useless. The two companies then
made a general forward movement that culminated in defeat
for their foes after eight hours of successive fighting. Privates
Eide and Stanton of Company G, who had been detailed with
one of the Gatling guns, tried to join the command during the
fighting and were both wounded.
After resting a day Companies G and K moved against Mari-
quina Village, dispersing all opposition in that vicinity and
burning what remained of that populous place. Mariquina is
situated in the Mariquina Valley, two miles above where the
pumping station marks the beginning of the water system of
Manila. It had been in the hands of the American soldiers
before, but not destroyed, as several natives working on the
water system lived there, and it had become such a refuge for
the hostile bands that its destruction was decided upon.
WITH WHEATON's FLYING COLUMN.
Provost guard duty for the Second Oregon Regiment ended
March 12th, a day of rejoicing for the tired, impatient men, who
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEEKS IN SPANISH WAR. 61
had been hard at work since August 13, 1898. When the news
was brought that the regiment, as a whole, had been ordered
out, and the Cuartel de Espana was to be left forever, men went
about their duties with sprightly step. Colonel Summers sup-
posed when he first received information that he was to take the
field that all of his companies would be relieved from other
duties and assembled. When the order was issued it only
provided that seven should act with him in the flying brigade,
organized under General Wheaton, to operate up the Pasig. At
the last moment this number was cut down by one by General
Hughes ordering that Company A should not leave patrol duty
in the Binondo. Colonel Summers, therefore, marched out to
San Pedro Macati on the afternoon of March 12th with Com-
panies B, D, E, I, L, and M. After such a long period in
quarters it was expected that the Oregon men would be slow
to get started. The contrary was evident. The command was
under way at precisely the appointed hour, receiving quite an
ovation from the battalion of the Seventeenth Infantry that
had been sent to occupy the old quarters.
General Wheaton's brigade camped a short distance beyond
the church at San Pedro Macati, taking advantage of an ele-
vated turnpike running almost parallel with the trenches that
had been erected by the American troops during the lull in
fighting. A heavy shower that made camping disagreeable
did not dampen the ardor of the fighting men. By daylight
the following morning the long line was forming behind the
American trenches, which they were soon to leave to the rear
in the charge. Insurgents were strongly fortified near the
river at the old Guadalupe church and in the rough country
thereabout. The plan of battle was to hold the left of the line
facing this district stationary until the right swung around on
the flank of this position, when the pivot should charge. The
Washington Volunteers were assigned to the extreme left,
which was supported by the Laguna de Bay on the Pasig; the
Oregon men joined the right, and were joined on the right by
the Twentieth Infantry, while the Twenty-second Infantry was
given the right wing, supported by two troops of the Fourth
Cavalry. Washington and Oregon, holding the pivot of the
movement, and being confronted by the very formidable works
Hosted by
Google
62 OREGON VOLtJNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
in the rough district around Guadalupe, were expected to
experience the hard fighting. Shortly after the break of day
the advancing right met resistance of a light order. The Krag
volleys were distinct to both sides at Guadalupe. Then the
Laguna de Bay and two guns of the Sixth Artillery opened on
the trenches in front of the left. Between the rattle of the
rapid-fire and machine guns on the boat and the heavier ord-
nance, the neighboring hills reverberated with a startling roar.
The bombardment was too much for the native soldiers. Their
fire, that commenced rather briskly as the Oregon regiment
passed over the intrenchments into the open field, slackened
quickly.
Colonel Summers had formed his line behind the old ceme-
tery, through which ran the line of trenches, terminating at
the river in San Pedro Macati. Major Gantenbein commanded
the First Battalion on the right, and Major Willis the Second
Battalion on the left. Not a shot had been fired as the troops
passed over the Washington entrenchments into the open that
had been swept by bullets for many months. The line had barely
straightened out after winding over the wall before Mausers
began to pelt through it. Quickly getting all into position, the
men were ordered to lie down, which position they retained
during the brief bombardment immediately following. The
ColoneFs orders were to join the left of the Twentieth, which
was supposed to move but little, pursuant to the flanking plan
of the day. It soon became evident that a miscalculation had
been made as to the space to be covered, and also that the com-
mander of the Twentieth was little observing the generally
understood purposes. The left of that regiment extended across
the ground intended for the Oregon men, reaching nearly as
far as should the left of the latter, and as soon as the Filipinos
weakened under the bombardment, the Twentieth moved
promptly forward, bearing all in front of the left as fast, if not
faster, than the right of the line could move. Then Colonel
WhoUey, of the First Washington, decided to charge. He
passed over the Oregon's right, which was endeavoring to keep
in touch with the Twentieth's left, and charged up a hill in
front of Guadalupe, only to find when he reached the top that
the enjcroaching left of the Twentieth was squarely in the front
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 63
of his right. Owing to the jam caused by these conditions,
Colonel Summers had taken Major Willis' battalion off the line,
holding it in reserve, and later reported to General Wheaton
that his command had been crowded out altogether. The
General complimented the Colonel for the faithfulness with
which his instructions had been carried out, and ordered him
to march down to. the river road, where he should await instruc-
tions before advancing. Later in the afternoon the brigade
proceeded up the Pasig, with but trifling resistance, in the order
of the day's formation — the Twenty-second covering the foot-
hills and in front, followed by the Twentieth, Oregon, and
Washington. That night the Oregon companies camped at a
village called Malapat na Bato, about three miles east of Guada-
lupe.
Next morning, March 14th, the whole column got under way
again, the wagon trains being between the Oregon and Washing-
ton regiments. As the heavil}^ laden bull-carts started around
a small point in the river just above the Oregon camp, a num-
ber of insurgent sharpshooters posted across the Pasig both on
the mainland and the first island of the Pasig delta directed an
accurate Mauser fire into the column at long range. One bull
was struck in the neck and two or three men were grazed, but
none seriously wounded. Sharpshooters were thrown out along
the river bank, and also formed on the crest of a little hill,
from which positions the fire was returned for several minutes
with spirit. The members of the Twentieth were soon called
forward to a point above where they could reach the sharp-
shooters menacing the wagon-train, leaving only Springfields
to drive them out. The range varied from 1,000 to 2000 yards,
an effective distance for Mausers, but beyond the reach of
the old, large-calibre Springfield. However, a skirmish line
returned the fire. Colonel Summers asked the General that
he be given transportation for a couple of companies to cross
the Pasig so they could advance to the shore of the narrow
branch on the other side of the island, thus driving all from
the mainland and enabling the men to approach those on the
island to within easy range. After much delay a launch was
placed at his disposal for this purpose, and Companies E and I
Hosted by
Google
64 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
were taken over to the north bank, under command of Major
Willis, and accompanied by the Colonel and his staff.
Forming in the brush covering the rough hillside, the two
companies pushed forward without resistance until they came
to the edge of a low, level bottom bordering the narrow branch
of the river. From the brow of the hill an effective fire was
opened on the remaining sharpshooters in the flat. These
were quickly driven out. Under the fire of half of Company
I, left on the hill, Company E and the remainder of I, charged
down through the cornfields of the flats right to the edge of
the water. As soon as the line emerged from the foliage the
insurgents in trenches across the river opened a heavy fire.
This was replied to with such spirit that the Filipinos left that
part of their position moving up stream. The other half of
Company I having Joined, the command was given '*by the left
flank," until opposite the Filipinos again, when the first ex-
perience was repeated. By this method the Colonel pushed the
insurgents back until he thought there would be no difficulty
encountered by the wagon-train and then withdrew down the
river to the point where the companies had crossed that morn-
ing, taking Private Olsen of Company E and Private Dodson
of Company F, both wounded in the feet.
While this attack was in progress, Lieutenant Colonel Yoran
and Major Gantenbein attempted to move the train past the
danger point. More of the insurgents got into position on the
island at places where they were not exposed to the fire of the
two companies on the other mainland, and gave the train sev-
eral heavy volleys. Private Carden of Company D was shot
through the body. A considerable distance fully commanded
by the enemy was in front, and it was not deemed advisable to
make further attempts to pass the wagon-train until the danger
had been reduced. The command occupied again the camp
of the night previous.
Companies D and M, under command of Lieutenant Colonel
Yorah, relieved three companies of the Washington Volunteers
as wagon-train guard next morning. Major Gantenbein, com-
manding B and L, took a position on the right bank of the
Pasig at such an elevation that a fire could be directed into the
town of Pasig, which was to be assaulted that day. Companies
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 65
E and I, under Major Willis, again crossed the river to the
position they fought on the day previous. When the Twen-
tieth and Twenty-second charged into Pasig the four companies
under Major Gantenbein and Major Willis opened fire. Major
Willis pushed his command up the branch of the river until
he was one and one half m^iles above Pasig City, and in a posi-
tion.for an effective flank fire on the insurgents fighting the
two regiments in their front. Excellent work was accom-
plished. Just how many Filipinos were killed could not be
ascertained, but evidence existed that the number was large.
Private Oesch of Company E was slightly wounded in the thigh,
that being the only casualty in the Oregon regiment. March
18th, the camp of the regiment was shifted a mile and a half
farther up the river, from which Companies B, D, E, I, and L,
under command of Colonel Summers and Majors Gantenbein
and Willis, started early the following morning on the longest
march of the Philippine campaign. General Wheaton decided
to sweep the whole country through to the shore of the lake.
The five Oregon companies formed the center, with the Wash-
ington regiment on the left and the Twenty-second on the
right. From 6 a. m. to 11 a. m. this line swept steadily for-
ward, clearing every district where any opposition wa^ found.
The Filipinos fought from vantage points, only to feel them-
selves borne back in every quarter. Until the line halted at
11 A. M. there had been almost constant fighting, increasing to
much severity in some positions. Private Page, Company D,
was killed, and Corporal Bowne was wounded in the left thigh.
Tired, footsore, and hungry, the members of the Second Ore-
gon reached their old camp at Malapat na Bato late that after-
noon, completing a march of at least twenty miles, and by
some said to be thirty. With the usual fighting ammunition,
a day's rations and ordinary equipage, including a haversack
heavily bobbing against the legs, and the long Springfield
bayonet, diversifying the time by tripping the bearer, a march
of twenty-five miles in the hot season of Luzon is no small
achievement.
On the evening of the 19th Company A, Captain Heath, joined
the regiment at its camp. The company had been ordered
to start when the regiment first joined the flying brigade, but
Hosted by
Google
66 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
was held, to the bitter disappointment of its members, until
the 19th. The same sentiment of disappointment, unsweet-
ened by any argument that could be produced, weighed heavily
on every Oregon man left on provost guard dutjr when his
regiment took the field. Besides Company A in Binondo,
Company F was at the palace and Company H at the custom-
house. No event in the regiment's history produced thoughts
so much akin to insubordination as did this apparently unjust
course of still holding a part of the regiment to the nagging
guard duty faithfully performed for six months. To the credit
of the Oregon regiment, however, it may be said that duty with
the disappointed was never slighted, for they had confidence
that their company commanders, as well as the Colonel, would
wrench them from the iron grasp of the provost marshal gen-
eral as soon as possible.
THE MALOLOS CAMPAIGN.
In view of the Malolos campaign, then being planned, all
troops were eager to get into one of the brigades intended for
that work. Oregon was ordered from the Pasig March 20th,
and camped on the Reina Christina drive, between the Walled
City and the bay. There the command was joined by Major
Eastwick, with Companies C, G, and K from the water system,
and Company F from the palace, March 22d. Great comfort
was taken from the fact that the regiment was again to be in
General Wheaton's brigade. It at least insured a fighting posi-
tion, for that general had demonstrated his fighting capacity.
Orders were received to march out to Caloocan on the 24th,
where General Wheaton's brigade was to rendezvous. The old
churda was reached by the regiment before noon. From that
hour until after twilight the men rested and prepared for what
they were told would be a hard day's work on the morrow.
When night had settled down so that the movement f)i men
was discernible by the watchful enemy only a short distance
beyond the trenches, held by the Twentieth Kansas, the work
of moving that command out and putting the Oregons in com-
menced. Silently one section filed from the high breastworks,
and as silently a corresponding section would march in. So
accurately did the Filipinos shoot over the range where they
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 67
had practiced for more than a month, and so close had they
pushed their lines, that this change would have been accom-
plished with much difficulty had it not been done without cre-
ating any suspicion. As it was there were occasional shots to
give the dusky figures flitting through the gloom an admoni-
tion that danger lurked near. When the Oregon regiment
had securely settled down the officers exhorted the men to get
as much sleep and rest as possible. The outposts, sent a few
yards beyond the trenches on ground the boys had never seen
before, found the well calculated volleys fired occasionally by
the Filipinos for their benefit rather terrifying. The Filipinos
had studied the exact locations where outposts were stationed,
and had placed their guns in daylight so they could sweep the
ground. Beyond these stirring little incidents the regiment
destined to fight the hardest battle of the Filipino campaign
rested fairly well the night before the great day.
At Malabon, another flank movement on the Filipinos had
been planned, largely of the same character of that attempted
at San Pedro Macati. General Wheaton's brigade, consisting
of the Second Oregon, Twenty-second Infantry, and Third
Infantry, was to constitute the pivot, resting on the shallow
channel separating Malabon from the mainland. The right of
the long line rested on the water system, ten miles distant, the
First Colorado Regiment being the extreme wing. Between
that command and the Second Oregon at Malabon were the
Thirteenth Minnesota, First Nebraska, Fifty-first Iowa, Twen-
tieth Kansas, Third Heavy Artillery, First South Dakota,
Twenty-second Infantry, and Third Infantry. It had been cal-
culated that the rough territory covered by the extreme right
and center would require nearly a day, at the end of which
time some of the above regiments at least would be on the
flank and well to the rear of Malabon. Accordingly the officers
of the Second Oregon understood that the left would not move
forward until late in the afternoon of March 25th, or even
possibly until the following morning. The soldiers had not
filled their canteens in the morning, thinking it better to wait
until the afternoon, so that water would be cooler and fresher.
They were idly lounging in the secure trenches, about 8:30
A. M., when word was passed down the line that a charge was
Hosted by
Google
68 OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAE.
to be made immediately. Hastily strapping on their equip-
ments and arranging for such an event, the men of the Second
Oregon commenced their part of the Malabon fight a few min-
utes later by firing a couple of volleys at the enemy's trenches
in front. Then came the command, ''Over the trenches !"
The regiment at that moment was arrayed in the usual order.
The First Battalion on the right was commanded by Major
Willis, in the absence of Major Gantenbein, who had been ap-
pointed by General Otis a member of the Claims Commission
then in session, and from which he could not be relieved for
the Malolos campaign. Company B, Captain May, held the
right of the battalion, Company E, Captain Davis, the left,
Company I, Lieutenant Phillips, the right center, and Com-
pany M, Captain Poorman, the left center. In command of
the Second Battalion, stationed in the center, was Major East-
wick, Company C, Captain Moon, held the right of the battalion,
.Company F, Captain Case, the left, Company K, Captain Wor-
rick, the right center, and Company G, Captain Barber, the left
center. The Third Battalion, on the extreme left, was com-
manded by Captain Heath, acting major, he being senior cap-
tain of the regiment. Company D, Captain Prescott, held the
right of the battalion. Company L, Captain Wells, the left, and
Company A, Lieutenant Kelly, the center.
All knew that the country in front of the trenches held by
the Oregon men was strongly fortified. During the long period
of the Twentieth Kansas there the Filipinos had been dili-
gently digging trenches, taking advantage of every elevation,
every hedge or covering. Some of the trenches, particularly
what appeared to be the main line, supported by a blockhouse,
were seen to be unusually large and formidable, and it seemed
a waste to throw troops against them from the front until the
place had been well shelled. However, the movement on the
right, if carried forward as planned, would have brought sol-
diers up on the flank and to the rear of these elaborate fortifi-
cations, making them absolutely untenable without the neces-
sity of more than a light struggle. In addition to the tangle
of difficulties immediately in front there were numerous posi-
tions over on the island where Malabon was situated, just a
Hosted by
Google
.... '^:'Wl
::'^-:*'....- ■■■"
■ ■*^:., ¥■. I: v: ::r& : 1: ::..:b:;..
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 69
convenient range for Mausers, but beyond the range of Spring-
fields, fronj which a deadly flank fire could be directed.
Sharpshooters on the other side of this narrow neck of water
could deliver a flank fire before the Kansas trenches were left,
and each step forward brought the line into greater disad-
vantages until it was not only enfiladed but shot at almost
from the rear. One or two pieces of artillery, properl}^ placed,
could have easily driven these sharpshooters from their posi-
tions and saved the Oregon men from the fiercest of all fires.
Shortly before 8:30 o'clock a. m. a couple of guns on the hill
back of the trenches opened fire on the Filipino ditches in front.
The wooden blockhouse was the first target, from which the
insurgents fled as soon as they realized that it was being fired
upon. The soldiers could be seen to scatter to the right and
left into the deep ditches near by. As these localities were
shelled lightly, they would scamper back towards the block-
house, or some other seemingly safe position. As soon as the
Oregon line showed over its trenches for the charge, the Fill- '
pinos could be seen running from several directions to get back
into their positions, safe then, as the artillery ceased.
Such were the foreboding conditions. No time was given
for the right to swing around, no effort was made to use artil-
lery. At 8:30 o'clock a. m. Colonel Summers received his
orders to charge the enemy. He did not hesitate a moment.
His men were ready in less time that it takes to tell it. They
fired two volleys and clambered over into the open field. About
fifty yards from the trench the line knelt and fired a few mo-
ments at will. The fire of the enemy by this time had begun
with full force. From Malabon and from the inscrutable for-
tifications in front Mauser and Remington bullets poured into
the advancing line. A few of the boys fell in this space. But
little time was lost in halts. Advancing by rushes and then
stopping to shoot only long enough for the men to regain their
breath, was the order. The first Filipino trenches were not over
two hundred yards distant when the charge commenced. These
were soon approached so closely that the blacks tumbled out
and sneaked into the next. But few of the enemy were caught
there, as their retreat was well protected and but little stand
was made, probably due to the knowledge that a more des-
Hosted by
Google
70 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
perate stand of greater numbers would be made a little farther
back. With these difficulties the right of the line grappled
quite successfully, hardly halting in the onward movement.
Down on the left greater obstacles, multiplied by the lack of
knowledge of the situation, were to be overcome. There the
Malabon fire told most heavily, and marshy land with few ac-
cessible roads, completed a tangle that only the most deter-
mined American spirit was equal to. A short distance from
the starting point Captain Wells, commanding the extreme
wing, found his way led through a tremendous bog. Through
this, obliquely to the line of advance, lay the road to Malabon.
By the time his men reached the road, footing on either side
was nearly impossible to find. Taking one section he got on
the road and started forward, but was met with such a deadly
fire that the attempt was abandoned. Five of his men fell
almost at the same instant. Only four or five remained unin-
jured out of the entire platoon when he finally succeeded in
getting the wounded back again where he could rejoin the line,
the captain himself bearing a bullet mark across the abdomen.
The left had also by this time become exposed to a heavy fire
from a trench constructed in the marsh on the mainland. The
line was passing it, which enabled the occupants to enfilade
the Oregons at close range. A stubborn charge carried this
with light loss. The center of the line was exposed about as
much as the left, but had better ground to walk on. Once a
slough that reached to the middle of the men had to be forded,
which left their feet and legs wet, foul, and heavy. Closely
following the first line of trenches came a second, about equal
in strength and well shielded by bushes and trees. Over this
the boys went without pausing to observe the extent of their
conquest. Besides these niore distant lines were numerous
rifle-pits and fortifications of a minor order, each well stocked
with Filipino soldiers and each equally difficult to discover
and capture. Along in the late morning the outlines of the
massive entrenchments, which surpassed all others and which
marked the end of organized opposition to the regiment that
day, hove in sight. This line was near the banks of the Tulia-
han River, east of Malabon. Engineering skill far in advance
of any ever possessed by the Filipinos had directed the con-
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 71
struction, both for the resistance of infantry and as a protection
against shrapnel or round shot. A massive bank from fifteen
to forty feet thick had been thrown up in front, an abrupt edge
on the side used by the Filipinos being secured by the use of
bamboo wickerwork. Through the bank at regular intervals
had been cut portholes, held in shape by bamboo and protected
at the outer end by stones, arranged to give assailants' bullets a
turn into the bank unless they struck exactly the center of the
little opening. These portholes and the ditch had been covered
over with bamboo structures, on which had been heaped from
one to three feet of earth, making them shrapnel proof. Artil-
lery could have made poor headway there. As soon as the
Oregon soldiers rushed on to this veritable tunnel no one was
visible. Bullets came whistling from it with terrible frequency,
and if the little portholes were closely examined, there could
be seen thin puffs of vapor. The soldiers never faltered in front
of this new form of danger. They were accustomed to push
steadily forward wherever there were Filipinos to be faced.
A rousing American cheer soon announced that the boys had
climbed to the top and were digging the moles out from be-
neath. Many of the Americans fell while crossing the space
immediately in front of the ditch. When the top had been
gained, it was their time to reverse the destructive weapon.
The Filipinos stood their ground so tenaciously that when at
last the soldiers were upon them, and death must result from
any further delay, they could not make an exit with the same
sly deftness that protected them while leaving the other ditches.
The soldiers shot many of them, either as they were getting out
of the fortifications or endeavoring to find shelter in the brush
and ruins in the narrow strip between there and the river.
But the pursuit did not stop there. A pretty fair protection
for the enemy was found in the ruins of an old church a short
distance on. Through these the soldiers hurried, knocking
over every Filipino that was seen dodging around the great
blocks of stone and concrete. Often the pursued would rise
only a few feet distant from the Americans, fire his gun squarely
in their faces, and coolly meet the swift death that followed. A
few of the boys had exceedingly narrow escapes in experiences
of this character. The soldiers never checked until the river
Hosted by
Google
72 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
had been reached. Here the Colonel was hastily approached
by an orderly from General Wheaton with orders to halt. The
General had watched the advance closely throughout the day.
His spirits rose higher as he saw the line plunge on and on.
When the required ground had been covered he turned to his
aides with a request for an orderly. Not finding one at hand,
he became impatient and called, '^Get an orderly here, quick,
to catch those Oregonians, or they will be out of the country
before we can stop them."
STUBBORN FIGHTING AT MALABON.
Malabon field presented difficulties found on no other field
during this campaign. The Twenty-second Infantry, on Ore-
gon's right, had comparatively light work. The long fighting
line of that day met stubborn resistance, particularly at San
Francisco del Monte and in the vicinity of La Loma church,
but nowhere was there such a union of resistance with artificial
and natural difficulties as in front of the Oregon soldiers on
the left. That regiment, in number killed and wounded, forti-
fications captured, speed of work and fearlessness of execution,
made the most remarkable fight of the campaign.
The German Consul in Manila, visited the field two days
later, investigating the cause of the accidental death of Prince
Loewenstein. When he looked at the formidable works from
which the Filipinos had been driven by infantry, he asked
what troops did the work. Being informed that it was the
Second Oregon Volunteers, he simply said, "I take off my hat
to the American volunteer.'' That is the tribute of a skeptical,
prejudiced authority. The Second Oregon does not need to
refer to the volume of praise, welling from all quarters, to estab-
lish its title to the noble qualities of American soldiers.
On the field of Malabon there was not the opportunity for
individual daring. The whole line swept steadity onward,
needing only command to go slower, halt and fight from cover.
No one could distance his comrades, because these comrades
strove with all human energy to keep in the front. The
Colonel remained largely with the right and center, from which
positions he commanded the entire line. Lieutenant Colonel
Yoran was more with the left of the line. Each of the majors
Hosted by
Google
'^•^»
m'W.
.;.-^ .i
■m
''■t'
^- ■■^?. ^;: „ •^'■' . ^*;.F ■'*",* ik'^^W*- :*1"^ .■ sf r :.r^--.:.;^
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OBEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 73
vied with the other in keeping the battalions fully abreast.
With rare exceptions captains led the way into difficulties, not
because the men hesitated, but because they were told to follow.
Particular mention was often made by the American papers
published in Manila of the hospital work of the Oregon detach-
ment at Malabon. Major Ellis established his field hospital in
the Caloocan railroad station, with an additional receiving tent
immediately behind the Kansas trenches, which, though dan-
gerous to the major, his assistants and the attendants, was easily
reached. When the line moved forward temporary stations
were established closely behind, where Captain Brosius, Lieu-
tenant Anderson, and Steward Byars gave hasty dressing be-
fore the wounded were taken back to the receiving tent. In
all portions there was much danger. Filipino sharpshooters,
stationed with the willful purpose of shooting the wounded and
hospital workers, kept up a constant fire wherever there was
the sign of a Red Cross. Private Clark of Company A was
taken to the tent with a slight wound in the arm, and was mor-
tally wounded again while being lifted from the stretcher by
Attendant Bollam to be dressed. Others receiving attention
or working there had close calls for life. Contract Surgeon De
Mays, attached to the regiment, and one of the surgeons from
Admiral Dewey's flagship Olympia, who kindly volunteered,
aided in the Oregons receiving a tent, where several wounded
and exhausted regulars from the Twenty-second Infantry and
the Third Infantry were also treated.
CASUALTIES IN THE REGIMENT.
Five Oregonians were killed outright on the field, and four
died later in the hospital, two of the number expiring before
midnight on the day of the battle. Those killed on the field
were: Bert J. Clark, Company A, shot in the arm and back;
William A. Cook, Company D, shot through the neck ; Guy
Millard, Company L, shot in the abdomen; L. V. Strawder-
man. Company L, shot in the stomach; H. B. Taylor, Com-
pany L, shot in the chest; Herman P. Adams, Company B,
wounded below the heart, died that night ; Charles R. Rupart,
Company L, wounded in the right leg, and died late that after-
noon from hemorrhage. He was too weak for an operation
Hosted by
Google
74 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
when carried to the surgery, and received only temporary aid.
Bert B. Chandler, Company C, wounded in the head, lived until
April 15th, when he died. George Eichhamer, Company G,
was wounded in the abdomen, the ball passing through the
liver. He died April 26th from an abscess on the liver, caused
by the wound.
The wounded were as follows :
Company A — George C. Snyder, upper right chest ; Frank H.
Thompson, head; William B. Ungerman, scrotum and thigh.
Company B — William J. Armitage, arm.
Company C — Elvin J. Crawford, head; Earl Mount, right
arm ; Elmer 0. Roberts, right side ; James E. Snodgrass, right
knee.
Company D— First Sergeant James West, right hand and
left leg; Sergeant A. Lee Morelock, left foot; J. C. Headlee,
right arm and upper chest ; W. E. Searcy, through both but-
tocks ; Asa L. Roberts, left ankle.
Comj^anj/ £* — Lieutenant A. J. Brazee, adjutant First Bat-
talion, left arm ; John E. Davis, left shoulder ; Jacob N. Smith,
head.
Company F — Charles Buedy, head.
Company Gr^ Sergeant Charles A. Marcy, right side ; Albert
H. Jordon, both legs; Eugene Sampson, right arm ; George
W. Spicer, upper jaw.
Company I — Corporal Rudolph Gantenbein, right knee.
Company K-^-^slj L. Antrim, left leg; Emmet L. Jones,
back ; John Janzen, back ; William P. Schwartz, left shoulder.
Company L — Captain Harry L. Wells, abdomen; Sergeant
W.W.Wilson, right hand; Guy N. Sanders, right arm and
neck; C. E. Sanders, left leg; W. T. Allen, thigh; B. F. Dun-
seth, right foot ; John A. Bailey, right arm and hand ; Frank
E. Adams, right side.
Company M — Corporal Brady F. Burnett, right shoulder;
Corporal L.G. Holland, left shoulder and arm ; John H. Blosser,
face; Emmet Casper, right foot ; A. J. Califf, right arm.
Edward Colgan, quartermaster sergeant of Company K, was
wounded in the right leg by a piece of bursting shell. Edward
Jaques, Company M, was wounded in the left hand by a rifle
exploding. Gordon A. Peel, orginally a private in the Oregon
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 75
regiment, and then a member of the Hospital Corps, U. S. A.,
attached to the regiment, was wounded in the left hand and
left cheek. Peter West, also an Oregon man, but then a mem-
ber of the regular Hospital Corps, was shot through the head
while driving an ambulance wagon to receive the Oregon
wounded.
When the Oregon line reached the bank of the Tuliahan
River, on the afternoon of March 25th, it was discovered that
the Filipinos had earthworks on the opposite side, where they
could command the bridge and crossings. It was the opinion
of many that the bridge could be passed without much loss,
but orders were to hold the south bank for the night. A pretty
strong fire was still coming from Malabon and the brush gen-
erally. Wherever possible to reach the enemy with Spring-
fields, companies were placed in position to return the fire,
and some effect was noticed at 1,000-yard ranges. The sol-
diers, with bayonets and other improvised tools, commenced
to erect earthworks for the night. Behind these the tired men
found no trouble in sleeping, despite the intermittent hostilities
of the enemy. A small squad from Company E advanced
across the broken span of the stone bridge manifesting much
coolness in the venture. They had barely secured a position,
to be held as an outpost, when they heard the stealthy tread of
a Filipino outpost approaching for the same purpose. The
last arrivals were given a volley that killed four of their num-
ber and sent the remainder back in hasty retreat.
With the dawn of morning the regiment was again under
way. As the advance of the previous day brought the line
more and more under the deadly fire from the left, the Colonel
disposed the troops so as to partly face that direction to reply,
and when the halt was made at night the entire regiment
occupied positions opposing Malabon, the First Battalion on
the right, reaching the stone bridge opposite Tinajeros, and the
left occupying advantageous points nearer the point started
from on the morning of the 25th, During the night of the
25th the Filipinos all along this front withdrew, so that the
Oregon men had to develop their foe again before beginning
the fight. A scouting party of eight men from Company A,
under Sergeant Deich, and three men under Sergeant Bartell
Hosted by
Google
76 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
of Company L, crossed the stretch of shallow water in front of
the left into Malabon proper. These men pushed forward until
they had penetrated the center of the city, passing in the mean
time evidence of hasty entrenchments thrown up during the
night. By the time the big stone church was reached flames
had burst forth from various quarters, particularly about the
business section, and the church itself had begun to smoke.
The two squads tried to extinguish these at the risk of being
surrounded by insurgents, who they knew could not be distant.
Sergeant Deich, becoming separated from the other men, en-
countered an insurgent officer and two soldiers, apparently
engaged in plying the torch. One of these was shot and the
other two fled. An Englishman named Bates, interested in a
large sugar refinery in Malabon, who had been inside the city
during the whole trouble, informed the soldiers that three
thousand insurgents had hastily retreated from the city when
the scouting party approached, believing it was the vanguard
of the regiment entering the city. These troops fled across to
the mainland on the north side, being slightly exposed to the
shells of the fleet then firing into such positions as seemed to
be occupied by the armed Filipinos. The scouting parties
finally withdrew and joined the regiment at Malinta.
The regiment crossed the Tuliahan in front of the village of
Tinajeros, the broken span of the stone bridge being supplanted
by a wooden structure. Slight opposition was found soon after
reaching the other bank. At 11 a. m. the First and Second
Battalions, under Majors Willis and Eastwick, respectively,
with the Third Battalion, under Captain Heath, in support,
advanced in skirmish order against a district a short distance
south of Polo, which was known to be entrenched. The road
leading from Polo forked at the point where the regiment
deployed. The First Battalion, composed of Companies B, M,
E, and I, advanced straight ahead, and directed their attention
to a fire from the right front coming across a slough. Major
Eastwick, with Companies C, F, G, and K, was ordered to oppose
the fire from a marsh and the bushes on the left. He deployed
his men and started forward, but found the marsh impassable
for a line of infantry and assembled again into column of fours,
in order to pass through the wet land where he could reach the
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 77
enemy. While marching up an open glade, ridged as usual
with rice fields, a furious fire from the front and left was poured
into the column. Everybody lay down instantly, and then by
rushes, Companies C, G, and K were deployed to respond, while
Company F was held in support. Getting into position on this
bullet-swept space tested the nerve of the officers and soldiers
most thoroughly, but was accomplished without more than two
men being wounded. Advances by rushes against the trenches
in front and heavy volley firing by the Second Battalion, and
also by Companies A, D, and L, under Captain Heath, which
came up, quieted the enemy.
Companies B and M had great difficulties to overcome, par-
ticularly B, which was advancing in an open space, absolutely
without protection, against most formidable blind entrench-
ments. Company M had the shelter of low bushes that made
its work less hazardous. At no time during the war, probably,
was there a heavier fire than Company B, under Captain May,
faced before it rushed the Filipinos from their position. A
circular trench, rather to the left, a longer straight ditch imme-
diately in front, and the bushes off to the right, where com-
panies E and I were engaged, all had their deadly fire, and in
the half-hour required for Company B to gain the position it
was certainly most marvelous that not a man was killed. A
few of the boys had holes through their clothing and hats, and
some of those in support at the rear were wounded. One
Hotchkiss gun, in charge of a corporal from the "^Hah Light
Artillery and manned by eight Oregon men, was an especial
object for insurgent bullets. The gun came up for position,
but could not be used, owing to the line in front. Leo B.
Grace of Company A was wounded while attending it.
MORE MEN WOUNDED.
The Oregon wounded were: Leo B. Grace, Company A,
wounded in the neck ; Frank Woodruff, Company C, wounded
in the left heel; Richard E. Brickdale, Company F, wounded
in the left leg; E. C. Thornton, Company G, wounded in left
hand; Corporal Frank E. Edwards, Company M, wounded
through both legs, and Daniel C. Bowman, Company D, injured
in hand by accidental discharge of rifle.
Hosted by
Google
78 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
When these trenches were captured Polo was in sight, and
off to the right could be seen the North Dakota and Montana
regiments charging the insurgent lines. If the Oregon men
had been permitted to go on they would have been able to
capture Polo long before any other troops arrived, and the
regiment's position where it was, which was practically behind
Malinta, was sufficient to enforce the evacuation of that city,
then being attacked from the other side. Colonel Summers
received orders to retire to Malinta, which were obeyed. Then
there was no resistance in front of the command.
A SAD ACCIDENT.
A most unfortunate incident of the day was the death of the
German Prince, Loewenstein Wertheim, in a small hut in the
course of Company M's charge. The Prince had been repeat-
edly warned that day, by both Colonel Summers and Lieuten-
ant Colonel Yoran, not to venture beyond the firing line, and
also that if he did so it would be at his own risk. Contrary to
these instructions he and a comrade named Niggle had gone
ahead and were in this little hut in the brush when a squad
of Company M, during the charge, approached. Instead of
making his presence known in the ordinary way he called out
in Filipino. The boys, thinking some of the treacherous enemy
occupied the hut, riddled it with bullets, one of which pierced
Loewenstein's abdomen, and the other the arm of Niggle.
Despite all prompt medical attention the Prince died soon
after.
At Malinta the regiment remained for some time. On the
27th of March the Third Battalion, consisting of Companies
A, D, and L, went back to Caloocan to guard that district and
furnish guards for the train being operated on the Manila and
Dagupan track. The following day Companies D and E were
sent into Malabon to act as a provost guard of that city, and
Company M took Company D's place at Caloocan. A portion
of Company L was stationed in Tondo, and the remainder at
La Loma church — Blockhouse No. 2.
AN EXCURSION TO OBANDO.
On the 28th Major Willis, commanding Company I, under
Captain Phillips, and a platoon of Company B, under Captain
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 79
May, made a long excursion to the north and east, passing
through Polo and on to Obando, near the shore of the bay.
Returning the command came through Malabon, entering from
the north and found some large buildings there still burning.
On the same day Major Eastwick, commanding Company C,
Captain Moon, and a platoon of Company G, Lieutenant Sutton,
made an excursion to the east, a distance of two or three miles,
and returned through Polo, capturing during the march three
natives armed with knives. Again on the 29th Major Willis,
commanding Companies B and I, penetrated five miles to the
northeast without discovering the enemy in an organized body,
but succeeded in capturing eleven prisoners. April 1st Major
Eastwick, in command of one hundred men, selected from Com-
panies C, G, and K, went out east over five miles scouting, when
the flankers were opened on by about forty insurgents. After
a brief skirmish the Filipinos were dispersed, with slight loss.
There was no loss in the major's command. April 4th Com-
pany L returned to Caloocan, and on the 5th Companies A, L,
and M moved on the train to Marilao. Company F had been
placed at Meycauayan on the railroad track. On the 6th Com-
panies D and E left Malabon and joined the regiment at Ma-
linta, the next day moving further north to Bocaue. Major
Willis on the 7th, with Companies B and I, marched northeast
until Novaliches was reached. During the trip insurgent bugle
calls and shots were heard, but no enemy developed. On the
same day Captain Wells left Marilao with fifty men and ad-
vanced to within a short distance of Santa Maria, where a few
shots were exchanged with the insurgent outposts in front of
that city. The little command withdrew without casualties.
Major Eastwick again on the 8th marched to the northwest
with seventy-five men from Companies C, G, and K, as far as
Obando without finding the enemy. Pour men under Sergeant
Deich of Company A scouted clear around Santa Maria, on the
10th, for the purpose of discovering the nature of the fortifica-
tions there. They approached near from behind, but were
driven back by the insurgents. The same day. Lieutenant
Telfer, with twelve men of Company L, made a scout three
miles to the east and encountered the enemy.
The Oregon men had during this period been simply guard-
Hosted by
Google
80 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
ing the railroad track from Malinta as far north as Bocaue.
The American line on the north had, in the mean time, been
pushed on to Malolos, which was taken by General McArthur's
division, and the railroad had been operated that far. Patrols
were kept up nightly between the various camps to prevent
insurgents from destroying the track, and where the camps
were quite distant, strong outposts were placed between them to
support the patrols. By instructions from General Wheaton,
the troops had treated the Filipinos, claiming to be friendly
disposed, with the utmost consideration, and aided them to
reach the rice stacks and bins in the neighborhood. There
was occasional firing on outposts or scouting parties, but in the
main it was believed the district had been fairly pacified until
the night of April 10th.
AN ATTACK BY THE FILIPINOS.
About 11:30 that night, the usual quiet of darkness was
transformed into a hell for the lightly protected troops along
the track. A command of Filipinos, variously estimated at
from 1,000 upwards, stole in from the direction of Santa Maria
on the right and first assaulted two Minnesota camps above
the Oregon district. At 11:30 they began to envelop the camp
of Companies D and E at Bocaue. These companies main-
tained a guard of six men at the station on the track, three
quarters of a mile from the city, where the remainder of the
troops were quartered. Minnesota camps on both sides volley-
ing down the track, and the insurgents from the east made it
necessary to withdraw these towards the city. Insurgents took
the station and moved down to the opposite bank of the river
from Bocaue. A pontoon bridge connected with the city. The
stone church was manned by Captains Prescott and Davis, and
a platoon took a position along the river to preveilt insurgents
from crossing. A mess-cart and two buffaloes, owned by the
companies, and left on the side next to the station, were cap-
tured. The troops fired across the river with good effect, as
the insurgents withdrew back to the station, carrying their
wounded and dead. The Minnesota camp on the north called
for assistance, and Lieutenant Dunbar of Company E with
twenty men from each com^)any, E and D, wound his way
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 81
through the darkness to assist the beleaguered Minnesotans.
He passed the camp and fell upon a number of insurgents
a little beyond, whom he routed. His presence caused the
others to hastily withdraw to avoid a flank movement. At
dawn the lieutenant moved off toward Santa Maria, reaching
the road leading to that city, while there were about one hun-
dred and fifty of the insurgents withdrawing from Bocaue.
Opportunity seemed most favorable for cutting off the entire
number, but Lieutenant Dunbar was ordered by the senior
Minnesota officer to desist, as the latter thought the insurgents
were American troops. Notwithstanding that they were not
allowed to charge, the forty men fired at from six to eight hun-
dred yards with such effect that nineteen of the fleeing insur-
gents were killed.
At Marilao a fiercer contest raged with worse results to the
Americans. Captain Heath, in command of Companies A, L,
and M, had, in obedience to instructions, posted an outpost of
twelve men and one corporal, one mile from the camp at both
the north and south ends of the track. These were General
Wheaton's orders to protect outposts so distant, the two placed
on each side of the track, had to be well out and were nearly
three quarters of a mile away. The two side outposts on the
north consisted of twelve men each, while the two in the cor-
responding positions on the south were only six each. Lieu-
tenant Kelly was the officer of the day. The outposts toward
the north reported two or three times during the hours imme-
diately after midnight that there were suspicious circumstances
in their vicinity. These the lieutenant ordered to fire upon
whatever assumed sufficiently suspicious proportions and to
continue firing until they could ascertain if there was an enemy.
Sergeant Deich of Company A being sergeant of the guard was
sent up to the north track outpost about 3 o'clock to investigate
reports received from there, but found nothing to justify state-
ments. Immediately after returning a more ominous report
was received from the same post, and Lieutenant Kelly order-
ing Sergeant Deich to awaken a guard and follow started up
the track. About a half-mile out the party was confronted by
a long skirmish line of Filipinos across the track, who rose
from the ground and fired not one hundred yards distant.
Hosted by
Google
82 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
The volley was terrific, but no one was hurt, and the lieuten-
ant, finding the Filipinos in force between him and his outpost,
returned hastily to camp. Firing was then general, as the
troops, half-clad, had rushed from their tents as soon as the
lieutenant \\as fired upon. To the newly awakened soldiers
the constant flashes through the darkness and the buzz and
whiz of bullets through their camp appeared terrible. Every
one stood determined, however, with the ultimate result that
the attack from the north was repulsed. The experiences of
the north track outpost under Corporals Lipes and Collard of
Company A were thrilling. They found themselves enveloped
by the enemy before they could open fire, and retreat to camp
was cut off by a solid line that joined across the track below
them. Then they noticed that there was another line of Fili-
pinos back of them, who were apparently bolo men in reserve.
Nothing but quiet seemed hopeful to these men, and the two
corporals conducted the squad into a depression fairly well
screened from the Filipinos. In this they remained until the
Filipinos changed their line an hour or so later, having the
uncomfortable experience of hearing the volleys of Springfield
slugs fired from camp whiz over their heads while the fight
was in progress.
The two side outposts on the north of twelve men each
worked their way in earlier, one of them being fired upon as
they came, and hearing the shouts from the Filipinos at the
rear, ''Run, you Americano -; got enough of it now ?''
Corporals Lipes and Collard, during a lull in the firing, finally
worked their men in under a renewed fire from the enemy who
discovered them when they started down the track. Private
Myers shot one Filipino under a culvert passed over and another
near by who shot at him when he killed the first.
One of the side outposts on the south concealed themselves in
trenches when the Filipinos began to work between them and
the camp. All the others got in, save the one at the south end
on the track, consisting of ten men, commanded by Corporal
Rich of Company A. The corporal and five men secreted them-
selves when they found the enemy between them and the camp,
and remained until nearly morning. Four men — Henry Payne,
Joseph Berry, Everett Millard, and Arthur PuUen of Company
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 83
M, — started in immediately. A short distance nearer the
camp they met R. B. Hoffman and a member of anotlier regi-
ment, the latter of whom had fled from the construction car
in Marilao when the firing commenced. Hoffman belonged
to Company M and was guard at a bridge near the edge of the
camp, when informed by the fleeing man from the construc-
tion train that the camp was captared. The six men then
started along the track in the opposite direction to the camp
and ran into a large body of Filipinos concealed on both sides
of the track. Payne and Hoffman were killed. Millard and
Berry were badly wounded. Pullen and the stranger got away,
the former with a bullet hole through his hat, fired almost
under his nose. Millard and Berry were still alive when found
next morning, but both had been fearfully mutilated by their
savage foes and left for dead. Berry died shortly, but Millard
recovered.
Before break of day the vigorous fire poured into the Fili-
pinos from the camp had changed their apparent purpose of
capturing it. Lieutenant Kelly, with a platoon, discerned a
line approaching his station at the south end. He permitted
it to come fairly close, and then called out if they were Amer-
icans. Receiving no reply, the platoon gave the advancing
line a few volleys that sent them back in confusion. In the
morning there was considerable evidence that the Filipinos
had suffered, but in most instances they carried away their
dead and wounded. In addition to those mentioned. Private
Rommel of Company A was the only one of the Oregonians
wounded, his wound being very slight.
It was evident the insurgents making the night attack came
from Santa Maria and were probably guided by some of the
friendly Filipinos who had been coming daily to the camp for
food. General Wheaton planned to destroy the latter city, and
the Second Oregon, with the exception of Company M, left
Marilao, and Company F,at Meycauayan, was massed at Bocaue
on the 11th, together with the Thirteenth Minnesota and some
artillery, for the attack. This column moved against Santa
Maria early in the morning of the 12th with slight opposition.
A pretty strong skirmish took place in front of the city. The
First and Second Battalions, with the Third Battalion in re-
Hosted by
Google
84 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISPI WAR.
serve, formed on the left of the Minnesota troops. Colonel
Summers took Companies B, I, and E of Major Willis' bat-
talion and Companies A and L of Captain Heath's and pro-
ceeded through a village near by named Pandi. The two places
were destroyed, and all armed natives were put to flight. In
a bureau in Santa Maria was found an article taken from the
body of one of the murdered men of Company M. That night
the entire command returned to their former camps on the rail-
road track. From that time on the insurgents did not bother
the Oregon outposts much, and a much friendlier spirit was
shown by those pretending to be ^'amigos."
Lieutenant Young of Company A was wounded in the foot by
an insurgent scout while reclining on the ground only one hun-
dred yards from camp April 15th. Private Walker of Company
A accidentally shot himself in the foot on the 17th, the wound
proving slight. An attack was made on the outposts at Malinta
on the 17th by a few insurgents, who were easily driven back.
That day Major Eastwick with fifty men made a trip through
the northeastern country without locating any more of the
enemy. Captain Moon with Company C left Malinta April
18th to take a position at Meycauayan with Company F. Major
Willis on the same day, in command of Companies B and I,
made a long trip to the north and east without meeting oppo-
sition.
CAMPAIGNING WITH LAWTON.
General Lawton's campaign up the Rio Grande de Pam-
panga was being planned at this time, and Colonel Summers
was chosen to command the Provisional Brigade to form his
advance. The brigade was composed of seven companies of
the Second Oregon— A, B, F, G, I, K, and L, eight companies
of the Thirteenth Minnesota, Troop I, mounted. Fourth Cavalry,
and one fieldpiece from the Utah Light Artillery. The brigade
assembled at Bocaue, where General Lawton with a larger force
was to move from La Loma church near Caloocan to meet it.
Lieutenant Colonel Yoran then being in the hospital with acute
dysentery, Major Willis commanded the regiment, Major East-
wick the First Battalion and Captain Heath the Second Bat-
talion.
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 50
An early start of the Provisional Brigade on the 23d enabled
it to pass through Santa Maria unopposed by 8 o'clock a. m.
No enemy was found until the column was approaching Nor-
zagaray at 4:20 p. m. The cavalry troop in advance under Lieu-
tenant Boyd succeeded in dispersing the small body that first
opened fire, but at 6:30 o'clock a larger force was encountered.
Major Eastwick's battalion was deployed and bore the enemy
back to the brow of the hill overlooking Norzagaray after a
spirited engagement that lasted about half an hour. The field-
piece shelled the city briefly from the hill, but darkness pre-
vented further operation. That night the command retired
a mile to a favorable camping place on a small stream. Early
the following morning the attack was renewed, with the cavalry
in advance, followed by a battalion of the Thirteenth Minnesota
deployed, the First Battalion of the Second Oregon being in
support. Off to the left of the line of advance were a number
of sharpshooters, who kept up an annoying fire at long range.
Companies B and F of the Oregons moved against them, and
were later supported by two Minnesota companies, further along
the road. After a sharper fight than that of the previous even-
ing the Filipinos withdrew, leaving the city of Norzagaray in the
hands of the Americans. Three Minnesota men were slightly
wounded. The same day Captain Heath, commanding Compa-
nies A, I, and L of the Second Oregon and a troop of cavalry,
was sent down the road toward San Jos6 to see if General Law-
ton's command was approaching. After a most exhausting
march the infantry halted, and the cavalry proceeded until
Lawton's men were met, when the battalion returned to Nor-
zagaray. The effects of this little march were felt by the men
for several days.
Major Eastwick's battalion and the Third Battalion, Thir-
teenth Minnesota, left Norzagaray at 5:50 a. m. of the 25th,
with the fieldpiece, and moved southwest over a plateau until
it overlooked the village of Angat. The fieldpiece under Ser-
geant Anderson opened on Angat, and soon drew upon itself
a hot fire from the city. To flank the enemy Company F was
sent to the right and soon had a telling fire directed into the
Filipinos. Under cover of this. Companies G, K, and B, of
the Second Oregon, deployed to the left, followed by the Third
Hosted by
Google
86 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Battalion of the Minnesotas, who took position between the
last three companies and Company F. As the line advanced
upon Angat a hot fire was opened upon it, which soon ceased
and the place was occupied. The Filipinos retreated across
the river to a very desirable position on a bluff, from which
they renewed the fight at longer range. Owing to the eleva-
tion and the peculiar position occupied the artillery could not
shake them. Company G was sent five hundred yards to the
left and front on the river bank, from which place a flank fire
was delivered that silenced the enemy. One man of the Thir-
teenth Minnesota was slightly wounded in the arm.
While the engagement was in progress at Angat a few insur-
gents opened fire at the men in Norzagaray. A number of the
boys were in the river bathing when the bullets commenced to
drop around, leaving them little time for dressing. A man
would be seen running through the streets with no other uni-
form than a belt well filled with cartridges, yet diligently using
his Springfield or Krag rifle. The number of insurgents were
estimated at about fifty and were easily dislodged. General
Lawton and his staff arrived in Norzagaray while the little
fight was in progress.
Another excursion was made to Angat by Major Eastwick,
commanding Companies B, K, G, and F, on the 26th. The
battalion was fired upon by numerous insurgent outposts and
squads during the day, and in each instance returned the fire,
with the result of killing eight of the enemy and capturing ten
prisoners. None were lost on the American side.
April 27th General Lawton, whose command had reached
Norzagaray, instructed Colonel Summers to march on Marunco
with his brigade. Major Eastwick with his battalion was sent
over the first range of hills to the left, and met no resistance
during the day. Captain Heath's battalion, with one battalion
of the Thirteenth Minnesota under Major Diggles, crossed the
river to reconnoiter the east bank. A few insurgents were
engaged by this command under Major Diggles, but shooting
was at long range, and did not continue more than a few
minutes. Angat was passed and Marunco reached without
further opposition. Two days later the brigade pushed for-
ward to San Rafael, a city of some importance, but which was
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 87
evacuated by the enemy without a fight. The Filipinos were
then making overtures for peace at Manila, and General Lawton
was ordered to stay his march until the conclusion of the nego-
tiations and withdrew the Provisional Brigade from San Rafael
back to Marunco.
Campaigning during the rainy season was partly illustrated
to the members of the brigade during their sojourn in and
about Marunco. Rain fell in greater or less quantities almost
daily, although the season proper was not supposed to com-
mence until about the first of June. The first night in Marunco
the command camped in rice fields. A heavy shower during
the night flooded the tract, many of the soldiers awakening to
find two inches of water around their beds. A hasty scramble
to vacant huts near followed, the troops being allowed to occupy
them in view of the excessive weather.
During the marches and countermarches, beginning with
Angat, the soldiers also had their first experience in wading
rivers, a feature of the Pampanga campaign that told heavily
on the health of the men. Foraging was forbidden, but the
"government straight" provided for the American soldiers in
Luzon was found a very short as well as undesirable article of
subsistence, and the boys slyly bereft neighboring poultry
yards of their products, and further enlivened their scant mess
by procuring quantities of mangoes and such other fruit as
could be obtained.
An organization that later came into conspicuous prominence
was perfected while the column rested at Marunco, generally
known as Young's Scouts. This body of men was brought
together and led by a civilian named W. H. Young, who had
attracted the attention of General Lawton by his exceptional
courage and skill as a scout. Young was given permission to
ask for volunteers from the regiment in General Lawton's com-
mand, and had under him as many as twenty, all told, six of
whom went from the Second Oregon. These six were James
Harrington of Company G, E. E. Lyons and M. W. Robertson of
Company B, Frank High of Company G, Scott of Company
— , and James B. O'Neal and M. B. Huntley of Company L.
Some of the scouts were in every engagement, while others
took part in only a few. This corps, led by Young until he
Hosted by
Google
88 OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
was wounded, and Lieutenant Thornton, Company B, Second
Oregon, afterwards, performed some of the most daring work
recorded in the Philippines, often meeting face to face far
superior numbers with such intrepid courage and firm front
as to rout all opposition.
Lieutenant Colonel Yoran rejoined the command at Marunco,
havingmade the journey across the country from Maloloswith
a few of the other Oregon men reporting for duty from the
hospital. Major Willis then took command of the First Bat-
talion, composed of Companies A, B, 1, and L, as the lieutenant
colonel took charge of the regiment, and Major Eastwick's bat-
talion was composed of Companies F, G, and K. Peace nego-
tiations failing, the advance was resumed May 1st. Colonel Sum-
mer's brigade forded the stream near Marunco and was near
San Rafaehwhen a body of insurgents, estimated at from four to
five hundred posted along the crest of a ridge to the right of the
city, and the line of march opened fire. Company A was
advance guard, and as soon as the fire developed, Company L
was sent forward to support it. The remaining two companies
of Major Willis' command, Companies I and B, deployed on
the same line immediately following and commenced the fight,
Major Eastwick's battalion deploying on the right of the First.
The insurgents withdrew^ back over the hills to the right, when
the line advanced, and the two battalions made two half-left
turns, until San Rafael had been rounded, and then assembled
and marched into the city. Before the enemy finally broke
they opened a heavy fire upon the two Oregon battalions from
a hill covered with brush. It required a lively charge to drive
them from their position, and three men were wounded while it
was being made. These were Corporal Chamberlain and Private
Smith of Company K and Private Reeves of Company A. Cham-
berlain was wounded in the leg. Reeves in the knee, and Smith
in the arm. This was the first engagement for the scouts, and
they quickly demonstrated their value. One private in the
Thirteenth Minnesota was killed. As this city had been occu-
pied a few days prior without bloodshed, and was evacuated b}^
the Americans merely to give the Filipinos time to talk, the
men felt that the loss the second time was useless.
At the capture of Baliuag the regiment had its turn as train-
Hosted by
Google
OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 89
guard, and did not participate in the fighting. The heavy firing
ahead was so distant that there were no casualties among the
Oregon men. It witnessed the escape of the Filipinos' bull-
cart train, upon which Colonel Summers was directing a de-
structive artillery fire when ordered to cease by General Lawton,
whose staff officers claimed they saw a flag of truce in the
column. Upon the General calling for a volunteer to meet the
supposed flag, Captain Case of the Oregons, accompanied by
Sergeant Major Marshall and Private Poindexter, went toward
the Filipino column with another white flag. They had ap-
proached within four or five hundred yards when the Filipinos
gave them a fusillade that came near killing the whole party.
By quickly covering themselves behind rice ridges the party
finally succeeded in getting back. The train had by this time
passed out of reach. At 1 p. m. Lieutenant Colonel Yoran was
ordered to occupy Baliuag with his regiment and patrol the
city, which was done. In this engagement the scouts also did
excellent work.
Two days later, May 4th, the Provisional Brigade captured
Maasin, a village eight miles beyond Baliuag. The Thirteenth
Minnesota Regiment was on the firing line that day, with the
Oregon regiment in support. Companies A and L were de-
ployed, but did not become engaged. Captain Heath was struck
on the leg by a spent bullet that caused a contused wound. The
Filipinos were driven from Maasin with comparatively light
losses, only three of the Minnesota men being wounded.
On both the 6th and 7th Major Willis conducted his bat-
talion on reconnoitering expeditions near San Ildefonso, which
lay two or three miles from Maasin in the direction of San
Miguel. Numbers of the enemy were sighted, and they would,
upon seeing the Americans, apparently form in battle, but no
engagement was brought on either side. Sergeant Godfrey of
Company B was out one day with three men digging sweet
potatoes when a body of insurgents nearly surrounded them.
Two of the men escaped to the camp and told an alarming
story. Lieutenant Hamlin took about forty men out to rescue
the other two, but they showed up a little later unharmed.
Insurgent outposts going off duty in the morning would often
creep as close to the American lines as possible, fire a few vol-
Hosted by
Google
90 OKEJGON VOLtlNl^EERS IN SPANISH WAR.
leys, and then retreat. May 8th Colonel Summers, Majors
Willis and Eastwick of the Second Oregon, Major Diggles of
the Thirteenth Minnesota, and Captain Case with Company F,
Second Oregon, commanded by Lieutenant Grimm, and Com-
pany K, Thirteenth Minnesota, commanded by Lieutenant
Walsh, advanced to within a short distance of San Ildefonso,
when they were fired upon while making observations. Major
Diggles was struck in the head, from which he died several
days later. Corporal Miller of Company F received a slight
wound in the arm and leg. After a few return volleys the two
companies were withdrawn.
San Ildefonso was captured May 12th by the scouts, aided by
Major Eastwick in command of Company B, Second Oregon, and
Company H, Thirteenth Minnesota. The scouts commenced
the attack and were given some heavy volleys by the insur-
gents. Major Eastwick's two companies then opened on the
center of the enemy, whereupon they retreated and the attack-
ing party entered the city. Companies G, K, and F of the
Second Oregon were sent up to the city that night to help
them hold San Ildefonso should an attempt by made to recap-
ture it.
On the following day the formidable city of San Miguel,
of which there had been so many reports, was captured by
eighteen of Young's scouts, supported by Company A, Second
Oregon, and one company of the Thirteenth Minnesota, com-
manded by Captain Heath. This was a most daring piece of
work. San Miguel had been reputed to be the Filipino strong-
hold of that section of the country. Reports had it that the
insurgents had artillery there and would make a desperate fight
to hold the city. Young led his men straight against a line of
entrenchments in which were from three hundred to six hun-
dred insurgent soldiers, one wing of the works being protected
by a river and the other by a dense growth of timber and
brush. He disposed his men about fifty feet apart, and had
one half advance at a time, so that the other half, concealed,
could have opportunity to shoot the Filipinos exposing them-
selves to shoot at the first. Alternating in this manner he
pushed so close to the entrenchments that the enemy aban-
doned them and retreated into the city from which they were
Hosted by
Google
OKEGOK VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 91
also driven. Young was wounded while at the approach of
the bridge leading into the city, yet continued to fire while
there were Filipinos in range. Harrington pushed across the
bridge and drove a few sharpshooters from the tower of the
stone church, where they had been doing effective work. Tak-
ing the same position, he turned his weapon on the enemy with
deadly execution. Captain Heath with his command was close
to the rear of the scouts during the advance. He sent Sergeant
Deich with eleven men to the right to approach the city from
another quarter. This squad encountered three bodies of
the retreating Filipinos and threw them into further confu-
sion with a few well directed volleys. There were about one
thousand Filipinos in the city when the attack commenced.
Lieutenant Colonel Yoran with Companies K and I, Second
Oregon, and two Minnesota companies came up that night
from the brigade to help hold the city, and the remainder fol-
lowed the next day. Young died of lockjaw, caused by blood
poisoning, three days later in the hospital at Manila while an
attempt was being made to amputate his leg. He had been
struck in the knee by a brass-coated Remington bullet.
Salacat, a small village on a fork of the Rio Grande, was
captured on the 15th without much opposition. The scouts
advanced toward San Isidro May 17th and found the enemy
strongly entrenched at Tarbon bridge, a wooden structure of
much importance, owing to the difficulties in crossing the
stream without it. Lieutenant Thornton commanded them
when they made this fight, which in daring and surprising
achievement was barely second to San Miguel, Over two hun-
dred Filipinos occupied a string of trenches admirably situated
along the river bank fully commanding the bridge and its ap-
proach. The brush had been cut for quite a distance on the
opposite side to give the sharpshooters full view of the advan-
cing foe. Tall grass nearly as high as a man's head covered
most of the land adjacent to the river, and into this the scouts
crept until they were upon the edge of the river. Here they took
such protection as the few remaining bushes afforded and drove
the Filipinos from the splendid works across the stream. As the
enemy retreated they set fire to the wooden bridge. The sec-
tion of the scouts under Lieutenant Thornton rushed upon the
Hosted by
Google
92 OREGON VOLUNTEEKS IN SPANISH WAR.
bridge under cover of the fire of the other section and checked
the flames in time to save the structure. Taking possession of
the trenches captured the scouts soon drove the Filipinos from
the field. Several Filipinos were killed, seven taken prisoners,
and fourteen rifles captured. Private Harrington of Company
GjWho ranked as one of the bravest and most daring members
of the band, was found after the engagement shot through the
neck. He had apparently been killed instantly. When Gen-
eral Lawton heard of Harrington's death and that of Young,
which soon followed, he said that he had lost the equal of two
regiments. The dead Filipinos were members of the well-
known Manila First, which bore the name of being the finest
regiment in Aguinaldo's army. Each had an "amigo" or peace
suit in his haversack.
Companies A, L, I, and B, commanded by Major Willis, went
to the scene of the fight, arriving in time to lend a hand in sav-
ing the bridge. A detail under Captain May soon repaired it
so the column could cross. It was later named "Harrington's
Bridge," in honor of the hero who gave up his life there.
CAPTURE OF SAN ISIDRO.
San Isidrowasattacked on the morning of May 17th. Colonel
Summers brought his brigade up in front of the city early that
morning, the First Battalion, Second Oregon, composed of
Companies A, B, I, and L, under Major Willis, forming with
their right resting on the road. One battalion of the North
Dakota formed on their right, and the Twenty-second Infantry
on the left. The scouts were sent to feel around the cemetery
on the left, which was supposed to be heavily fortified. It de-
veloped that the heaviest fire came from the center and right.
The battalions of the Oregon and the North Dakota troops
steadily moved closer, until the enemy gave w^ay on all sides.
Just before the fight commenced General Lawton arrived, and
upon seeing the excellent arrangement of the forces by Colonel
Summers, graciously permitted the latter to command during
the entire engagement, that he might have the credit of cap-
turing the objective point of the campaign. Private Butts,
Company L, was wounded in the thigh. After the first break
in the lines, the Filipinos made no further effort to hold the
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 93
city. The same da}^ Major Eastwick was sent to Gapan with
his battalion, which was entered without resistance. While
the battalion was still in the city the Third Infantry was seen
approaching in line of battle for the purpose of capturing the
same place. An orderl}^ was sent out to inform the commander
that the city was occupied, and his profane remark upon being
told that he might enter was a standing by-word with the reg-
iment for months.
In San Isidro was found the prison where the sixteen Amer-
ican prisoners captured by the Filipinos had been confined.
Private Humphrey of Company A found a letter written by
Lieutenant Gilmore of the Yorktown. who, with his boat's crew,
had been captured some weeks previously. In this the Amer-
icans learned that their comrades in the hands of the Malays
were receiving severe treatment, as were the Spanish prisoners
also in custody.
THE REGIMENT ORDERED HOME.
The First and Second Battalions crossed the river under
command of Lieutenant Colonel Yoran and had two fights, the
First Battalion, Companies A, I, and L, being on the firing
line. The column started back May 20th, taking the road on
the north side of the Candaba swamp instead of that on the
south, which they had come on. The scouts went ahead and
became involved in a fierce little engagement at San Antonio.
As soon as the troops advanced the enemy gave way, retreating
beyond the range toward Tarlac. In the course of the march
down the river to Calumpit the river was often crossed under
grave difficulties at times. No further hostilities of note were
offered by the Filipinos. At Candaba May 22d the Oregon
regiment received word that it was to immediately return to
Manila to be transported to the United States. The men had
all through the day been under the impression that another
long, fatiguing campaign was being planned for them. When
the telegram was communicated to them their joy assumed a
most boisterous character. It was much like the expressions
of joy a year previous, when on the 22d day of May, 1898, the
Second Oregon was informed that it would be part of the first
expedition to sail to the Philippines May 25, 1898.
Calumpit was reached on the 24th, where the regiment took
Hosted by
Google
94 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
the train for Manila arriving in the afternoon of that day, and
taking up quarters in the old Cuartel de Espaiia. On the fol-
lowing day Companies D, E, C, and M returned to the city
from their guard duty along the track. Company F was tem-
porarily quartered in the palace again.
LAWTON COMPLIMENTS THE REGIMENT.
General Lawton spoke in the highest terms of the regiment,
both officers and men, while under him. He urgently recom-
mended that Colonel Summers be promoted to be a brigadier
general, and Captain Case a major. General Otis recommended
that each be given a brevet, which was done by the President.
The position of advance guard threw upon the Oregon and
Minnesota regiments a vast amount of work and danger. So
splendidly did Colonel Summers perform this work with his
brigade, however, that General Lawton continuously kept him
there all through the campaign. When the regiment reached
the city all of the men were much reduced, and fifty per cent
of them so weak that they would have been unable to remain
in the field much longer. Nearly all were suffering from some
kind of stomach or bowel complaint, due to the water, food,
and heat, and from sore feet and ringworms.
DETAINED FOR MORE FIGHTING.
Preparations for embarkation was commenced at once. The
command was disappointed in the time of sailing and seemingly
was not likely to leave the island for some time, as orders were
soon issued for it to prepare to take the field in a movement
under General Lawton against Morong. The men veiled their
disappointment, and those able by June 2d to march were ready
for more fighting. The medical officers' investigation called
out over half of the regiment as unfit for duty.
Companies A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, K, L, and M, under com-
mand of Colonel Summers, marched from Manila to within a
mile of the pumping station of the water system the afternoon
of June 2d. General Hall's brigade rendezvoused there that
night preparatory to the march down into the Mariquina Valley
June 3d. General Lawton with another brigade was advancing
on Taytay from the direction of the source of the Pasig, and
General Hall was to fall upon the rear of that city about the
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 95
time it was attacked from the front. Before dawn, June 3d,
General HalFs brigade, consisting of the First Colorado, Fourth
Cavalry, Second Oregon, one battalion of the First Wyoming,
and the Fourth Infantry, marched from the plateau back of
the pumping station down into the Mariquina Valley and up
in front of the destroyed village of Mariquina. The column
then turned down the valley, the cavalry leading, and followed
by the Second Oregon, until the foothills on the opposite side
were approached. Filipino sharpshooters off to the left opened
fire while the cavalry was crossing a small stream, and both
the dismounted and mounted troops of the Fourth Cavalry
were deployed. Then Captain Heath, commanding the Third
.kttalion, consisting of Companies A, H, and L, was ordered
t.» proceed against the small village in the foothills ahead.
S*iortly after deploying the line was fired upon by a pretty
strong force of Filipinos posted on the ridges above. The hot
reply soon quieted the enemy, who were driven still farther back
by the mountain battery, commanded by Lieutenant Haw-
thorne, which had taken position in the valley below. Both
of the Oregon battalions were brought up to support the Third,
under the belief that a hot engagement would follow.
As soon as the Filipinos withdrew back over the hills, the
column proceeded down the valley skirting the hills and finally
taking a road bearing off towards Antipoio in a direction to
pass two miles behind Taytay. The severe firing could then
be heard where Lawton's men were engaged. While the column
was passing through a depression, flanked on both sides by a
ridge and small peaks, the Filipinos laid an ambush that was
rather formidable for a few moments. The cavalry companies
were in advance, closely followed by the Second Oregon. A
hot fire was directed at these two regiments from two small
peaks on the left, a higher butte in front, and a low ridge on
the right. Fired at from the front and both sides, it appeared
that serious loss would be sustained before the ambush could
be broken. Colonel Summers ordered the First Battalion, under
Major Willis, and composed of Companies B, E, I, and M, to
wheel to the right and attack the ridge ; Major Eastwick's bat-
talion, composed of Companies C, D, G, and K, to the left,
against the two peaks on that side, and Captain Heath, with
Hosted by
Google
96 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Companies A, H, and L, straight ahead to fall in with the
cavalry firing line in front. All three battalions charged fear-
lessly up until the enemy was forced to give way. Major East-
wick's rnen got so close to their opponents that a few prisoners
were taken.
William McElwain of Company H was killed instantly, a
bullet striking him in the neck. A. J. Salisbury of Company H
was shot through the left arm and rear portion of the chest.
H. M. Wagner of Company B was shot through the abdomen.
E. L. Doolittle of Company C was shot through the arm. Clay-
ton L. Ransom of Company L was wounded slightly on the
head. Two of the cavalrymen were killed and four or five
wounded.
No effort was made to get down behind Taytay after the fight-
ing ceased. Major Willis' battalion moved up over a hill in
the rear of the city, but the commanding general did not deem
it advisable to go down, so all the troops were recalled to the
vicinity of the ambush and camped for the night. Next morn-
ing there was a little scattering fighting as the Americans
cleared the adjoining peaks and ridges of Filipinos, but with-
out casualties. Major Eastwick's battalion was subjected to a
rather hot fire for a few minutes, while on top of Lookout Peak,
which was soon silenced.
That afternoon the brigade proceeded along the military
highway, called Calle Real, through Antipolo, and on down into
the basin of Morong, camping for the night in a village named
Teresa. On the following day, June 4th, the brigade marched
into Morong, finding upon its arrival that the First Washington
had preceded it by a day, having entered the city from the lake
by the aid of the gunboats. On the last two days of the march
the heat was quite oppressive, and many of the men succumbed.
From Morong the Second Oregon was returned to Manila,
June 5th, on cascoes, towed by launches. All reached the
Cuartel de Espaiio that night, except Companies C and G, whose
cascoes got fast in the mud and were detained until the next
morning.
FINALLY ORDERED TO EMBARK.
A few days later the regiment received orders to embark on
the transports Ohio and Newport for the United States, A vote
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 97
was granted the members as to their destination, San Francisco
or Portland, which was decided in favor of the former city,
owing to the fact that travel-pay would be allowed the men from
the place where they are mustered out to their homes. Seventy-
five men asked for their discharges in Manila, which were
granted, with the privilege of those doing so receiving free
transportation back to the United States any time within a
year on a Government transport.
The Second Battalion embarked on the Ohio June 12th and
was followed by the Third Battalion next day, the First Bat-
talion and headquarters taking the Newport at the same time.
Lieutenant Colonel Yoran was placed in command of the troops
on the Ohio^ and Major Gantenbein commanded the troops on
the Newport, Both vessels sailed out of Manila Bay June 14th,
bearing the first regiment of volunteers to leave the Phil-
ippines. On June 18th Nagasaki was reached, where the
transports lay for four days taking coal and meat. Great
enthusiasm prevailed among the social Japanese over the
arrival of some of the United States fighting men. The offi-
cers of the regiment were tendered a reception by local clubs.
June 22d the transports sailed out of the harbor and steered
through the Inland Sea along the southern coast of Yeddo
Island. Two days later the steamers emerged from this archi-
pelago at Kobe, and shaped for San Francisco, which they
reached July 12th.
MUSTERED OUT AT SAN FRANCISCO.
A splendid welcome was given the regiment by the people
of San Francisco and a very strong delegation from Oregon
headed by Governor T. T. Geer. Next day the command
marched ashore and through the city to the Presidio, amidst
a bewilderment of greetings and demonstrations of joy. It
remained camped at the Presidio until August 7, 1899, when
it was finally mustered out of the service of the United States,
the majority of men returning to the State, Tuesday, August
8th, on two special trains provided for the soldiers.
Governor T. T. Geer with his staff met the special trains at
the State line August 9th, and thence conducted them to Port-
land. Splendid ovations greeted the returning troops at each
town where the train stopped. Portland was reached August
7
Hosted by
Google
98 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
10th and the same afternoon those remaining with the colors
marched to Multnomah Field, where, amidst thousands of spec-
tators, General Summers formally turned the regimental colors
over to the Governor. This impressive scene brought tears to
many eyes and was the last act of the regiment in a body.
Beyond the seas they went down to battle. Beyond the
bounds of country, beyond precedent, beyond national tradi-
tion, they sailed in obedience to duty's call. They fought their
country's enemies, and the fiercer elements by which Nature
marks races and gives them homes. Many of them lie upon
the distant shore, their erstwhile proud frames dissolving in
decay, their white bones studding the soil with those of the foe.
Honor the dauntless spirit that leaves luxuriant home only
to expire in the agonies of death. Treasure with loving gen-
tleness the memories that now alone connect the fallen with
this earth. Give unto them the affectionate praise, so sweet to
contemplate when stern fate was cutting away life's buoyant
wings, when existence was narrowed to cycles of minutes rather
than years. Grateful recollection by fellow-man is the sweet-
ness of patriotism. To those who offered in vain the great-
sacrifice, but who stood by the altar while the incense of their
comrades' souls floated to the Unknown, accord the tribute of
" Duty Done." They ask no more. In behalf of the members
of the Second Regiment Oregon United States Volunteers In-
fantry, as well as to leave an authentic record of their achieve-
ments, this history is written.
HONORS TO THE BRAPE.
Seven members of the regiment were recommended for
medals of honor at the close of service in the Philippines.
Five of these — Lieutenant Thornton of Company B, and Pri-
vates Lyons and Robertson of Company B, Frank C. High of
Company G, and M. B. Huntley of Company L — were members
of the scouts, and were recommended by Captain Birkheimer,
staff officer, to General Lawton, for the gallant work at San
Miguel and Tarbon Bridge. Sergeant Major Marshall and Pri-
vate Smith of Company F were recommended by General
Summers for gallant conduct on the field.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTBEES IN SPANISH WAK.
99
^
cf
o
fl
o
o
cS
do
CJ
>^
o
o
J2
:/;
01
TJ
fe
^°
03 IS
Q
:^
^1^
<!
sH
w
^"^r^
%^^
Q
'si«
5^
<!
»^
?^^f3
te
O^-^o
f»^
ass
c»
Q
1-3
^^^d
l-H
^03 g^
ta
?fc
it
^s
C 03
^^
hra
03 qj
02 -^
rdt^
CO <D
SS
<w 0
o-^
«..s
?l
^ a>
(D4J
+S CO
w c
ga
„<; > t« -r; 'o fcJD r rt
v* ^ •■:{ o ^ c3 c o a>
j::^ o^'O ot^ _,o be
cr:^xi ,
JZ3
ja 2^ .si rSo^. ^=^^c3 .^
S CSSZ^G^ >..2 '- S O^ OX)
C3
mB66^o
^'
■=30
o
0-
c3
pq
C3
S
3
Hosted by
Google
100
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
H
P
O
o
Q
Q
^'^
&^
CO
os,|f|d^ IP^JIo.^
03 >o
CD . 2 Ph <^? OJ ,
5- i> 'd ^ CD ■ ^
jj © oS ^ cS
cS fl 5 O +^
n^:'T^%iM r^%'^\, b
t^a-
'd?^ o ^ ^'d or ~ ■ ^ "'^
SSc^Q^cc ft!C -d ^ ^ <l <1 'd ^ oO-dM^ h£^.:2^.5
< 32 f*^ CO
-d
o
d
;;^
S3
fl
c«
cS
o
o
m
>i
P»J
XI
xa
Ph
Ph
1
rt
+j
d
O
g
d
d
'd
-d
d
P5,.
^ .s
1 g
bJC^o
44 1
o ^
.^^
fl §1
^
3^
31^
■*^
^^
H
^1
1?
0
S^
-d a,
3
(1^
r
X3
o
5C
mil
^2
a-|
o
Oh
"3
o
. s
SI
It
Hosted by
Google
,t*^A
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
6REG0N VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
101
Zj;_g O O fH ^ O gr^-S
-.'p.^^
6
H,"-
OS bJD-t^ =^ ^ J^ j» ^
■3 ■30
03 «
^-5^
8 nS =.2 0-2
O O X -^ :c
^^ ^^
_ 55 -^ 05 -^ be ^ B
S -T"^ ^'^ o .D ^ -d
03 a o bfi O P g ^ f^H
■S<d>?i>aPH.2,q
3 CCS ?^5
O
o
O
S
03
O O
m pq
W pq
W pq
c3
c3
^
&;
o3
g ^
CD
a
^
«•
1 1
i sis"
fl
^
1
i
i
1 5d"l
td s i
W s I
7i
•« s
'S
^
h5
^^
t>
Tf]
i.Q^
0
•^
rt
^
^
^
1 «
1=
0 B
^ ^
s
'^ S
Tlr?^
7?
ftv
rH!
«
i^lpq :
Hosted by
Google
102
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
P
Q
O
o
Q
<!
P
i
i
Enrolled and mustered in as principal musician* ap-
pointed chief musician from principal musician Nov.
30, '98, per Reg. S. 0. No. 191. hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., U. S.
Vols., dated Nov. 30, '98.
Enrolled and mustered in as principal musician; en-
titled to reenlisted pay; enlisted in Troop E, 4th
U. S. Cav., Aug. 23, '89; discharged Aug. 24, '91; reen-
listed in Co. C, 14th U. S. Inf., Nov. 1, '94; discharged
Oct. 31, '97; sick in quarters Oct. 15 to Nov. 2, '98, inc.;
in line of duty.
Joined regiment by enlistment at San Francisco, Cal.,
Mav 23, '98; appointed principal musician from pri-
vate (unassigned) Jan. 1, '99, per Reg. S. 0. No. 210,
hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., U. S. Vols., dat^d Jan. 5, '99; sick in
quarters July 18-23, '98, inc.; Aug. 22-26, '98, inc.; Sept.
24 to Oct. 5, '98, inc.: all in line of duty. "No clothing
was issued to him by the State."
Joined regiment by enlistment at San Francisco, Cal.,
unassigned recruit attached to N. C. staff and band;
sick in quarters J uly 16-19, '98, inc.; Sept. 24-29, '98, inc.;
June 12 to July 15, '99, inc.; sick in general hospital,
Presidio of San Francisco, since July 16, '98; all in line
of duty. "No clothing was issued him by the State."
Mustered out of service 2d Or. Inf., U. S. Vols., to take
effect May 25, '98, by reason of acceptance of commis-
sion as chief surgeon U. S. Vols., per S. 0. No. 269,
A. G. O., dated Nov. 14, '98.
Discharged and final statements given at Manila, P. I.,
Feb. 25, '99, per S. O. No. 12, A. G. O., dated Jan. 16, '99.
Due soldier for clothing not drawn in kind, $39.45.
Due United States for ordnance lost, W2. Service,
"honest and faithful." Character, "excellent."
Discharged and final statements given at Manila, P. I.,
Mar. 5, '99, per S. 0. No. 57, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific
and 8th A. C, dated Feb. 28, '99. Due soldier for cloth-
ing not drawn in kind, $55.32. Service, "honest and
faithful." Character, "excellent."
- Enrolled and mustered in as chief musician; reduced
from chief musician to private Nov. 30, '98, and trans-
ferred to Co. D, 2d Or. Inf., U. S. Vols., per Reg S. O.
No. 191, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., U. S. Vols., dated Nov. 30, '98.
Duesoldier for clothingnot drawn at settlement,$42.31.
Due United States, quartermaster's supplies, $1.27.
i
1
1
1
i
Portland-
Portland-
S. F., Cal.
S. F., Cal.
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland
a
May 9-
May 7-
May 23-
May 23-
May 8_
May 7-
May 11-
May 9-
1
Musician
Soldier-
Physician
Clerk —
Physician
Musician
II
O , ; , I t, , S '„ O
S ^ \ \ o m o 0
6
i
1
s^ C 1 1 11 j ■ 1
1 . 3 1- ^ 5h
pp. ! ! M cq pq pq
1
Br. ___
Blue-
Br. —
Gray-
D. Br.
Br. —
g 1
a-
Dark-
Fair-
Dark-
Fair-
1
^'lO >0 i } . ^ ^ CO i , lO
1 ^ 1 i . ^ ^ ^ ^
tl
Henry Hockenyos-__
VMef Musician.
Samuel McGowan—
Principal .\fusician.
Thomas Carlton--—
Principal Musician,
Alex Rlngstrom
Private.
H. W. Cardwell—
Captain and
Assistant Surgeon.
James Rintoul, Jr
Sergeant Major.
Harry A. Littlefleld-
Hospital Stetvart.
Gustav Mueller—.—
Private.
Hosted by
Google
ORBGON VOLUNl'EERS IN SPANISH WAR.
103
o
<[cc^
oo
-^^
<1
S ?
g ^
^ C
3^^-?
fl 00 5
« ^ 5;'^
2 o
a2 d
CD <D
ft
c3
P
^H
H
'P
r^
03
jU
rd
03
O
fe
^
Hosted by
Google
104
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAE.
Q
H
P
M
o
o
I
o
o
Tried by summary court Jan. 19, '99, for violation of
the 62d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit one ($1) dollar
of his pay; fine deducted on Jan. and Feb., '99, pay
roll; sick in quarters Oct. 19-27, '98, inc.; June 2-4, '99,
inc.; June 30 to July 2, '99, inc.; all in line of duty.
Tried by summary court Feb. 20, '99, for violation of
the 33d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit fifty (50) cents
of his pay; fine deducted on Jan. and Feb., '99, pay
roll; sick in quarters Sept. 20 to Oct. 6, '98, inc.; Oct. 16
to Nov. 10, '98, inc.; not in line of duty; sick in quar-
ters Nov. 10-14, '98, inc.; in line of duty.
On special duty as acting regimental commissary ser-
geant since May 9, '98; Reg. S. 0. No. 27, same date.
Tried by field officers' court Aug. 3, '98, for violation
of the 33d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit three ($3)
dollars of his pay; fine deducted on July and Aug.,
'98, pay roll.
Enrolled as corporal; promoted sergeant Sept.—, '98;
Reg. S 0. No 143, same date; sick in regimental hos-
pital Dec. 29, '98, to Jan. 3, '99, inc.; in hne of duty.
Sick in 1st reserve hospital, Manila, P. I., Sept. 1-25, '98,
inc.; sick in quarters June 5-13, '98, inc.; Aug. 20-31, '98,
inc.; Sept, 26 to Oct. 3, '98, inc.; Oct. 7-10, '98, inc.; all in
line of duty.
Tried by summary court Jan. 17, '99, for violation of
the 62d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit one (fl) dollar
of his pay; fine deducted on Jan. and Feb.'99, pay roll;
on special duty in Reg, Q,, M. Dept. July 1 1-19,'98, inc.;
Reg. S. 0. No 97, dated Cavite Arsenal, P. L, July 11,
'98; relieved from special duty in Reg. Q,. M. Dept. by
Reg. S. O. No. 101, dated Cavite Arsenal, P. I., July 19,
'98; on special duty in ^B rig. Q. M. Dept. July 19 to
Aug. 9, '98, inc., per S. 0. No. 16; bdqrs. 1st brig., 1st
div., 8th A. C, dated Cavite Arsenal, P. I., July 19, '98;
relieved from special duty by S. 0. No. 8; hdqrs. 1st
brig., 1st div., 8th A. C, dated Cavite Arsenal, P. I.,
Aug. 9, '98; sick in quarters June 5-29, '98, inc.; Sept. 3
to Oct. 27, '98, inc.; sick in regimental hospital Feb. 13
to Mar. 12, '99, inc.; sick in 1st reserve hospital, Ma-
nila, P. I., Mar. 13 to Apr. 18,'99, inc.; all in line of duty.
i
1
•is
1
1
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
i
S
May 9-
May 9-
May 9-
May 9-
May 9-
May 9_
i
1
1
Student-
Laborer—
Student-
Farmer—
Farmer —
Teacher—
?^ s
■a a ^ ' ? '^' o
^ ^ O MO M
S
1
1
;3 p pq J m «
^
Blue-
Blue-
Blue-
Br. —
Blue-
Blue—
s 1
fa ,fa p 3 fa fa
1
hSiP O CO 1 oo r-i
giO to lO CO to ' ' y?
^ 5^ % ^ ^ ^
<
i
Arthur P. Harris-—
3d Sergeant.
Frank T. Hayes
4th Sergeant.
Charles I Dillon
5th Sergeant.
OmarM.DeWitt
Quartermaster Sergeant.
James J. Welsh
Corporal.
Harvey L.McAlister-
Corporal.
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OllEGON VOLUNTEERS JtN SPANISH WAR.
106
_, !r^ CO Tis ip ^ '^
CO ,£; ■" t— O ^;, Sh
c,^ o •:=; c G G
> ? !^ .ES rH 0 ^r .
- ^ op L^ _
p t- o -pf ^ >,3r^S ^ .^ S t^ =^
'd
^9*.
ci J- ^
Ci
g-^-:p
c3 bo s >: c3 CM n:: •
OJ
xi
Ti
i
'O
'^
TJ
^
TJ
'C
p
fl
fl a5
a
c
3 ai
c^
cc
CS
c3
:«
ce
S?
t^
0 >
f-i
0 >
0
0
g
0
0
0
^
0
^
Hh
Ph
pj
c^
Ph
Ph
CI
CD
S:5
ca
Oi
OS
S^
Ci
as
>1
!>i
•-J
>i
>5
>>
5
h3
>s
t^
ce
oS
CS
ce
03
OS
03
g
^
g
^
^
g
g
0
01
53
a
1
0
CD
B
u
c3
H
flH
fe
^^
02
^
0
pq
&H
i
c6
0
1
1
1
1
m
0
1— 1
^
c
S-i
t-(
o5
0
0
^
0
0
Ph
0
^
^
i
1
1
M
1
p;
M
r^
i^
^-1
(^
-^
C3
cq
pq
PQ
m
fi
pq
Q
Q
^
]
oi
CD
]
<l>
P3
1
j
0
fH
r^
C3
•^
S
4^
Sh
1^*
0
w
pq
pq
w
pq
hq
pq
pq
w
eg
p
1
,J
^H «
^1
02 ?i
fl
Hc^
s ^
3
be
irH
uq
0
r-H
H
P^
<i
^
02
IXh
^
bfl
^
03
<
w
^
fi fe
■J3
H
OQ
Im
h
0
^
U
C5
hq
02
0
1
h5
CO F^
>5
S3
ft
g
^
00
1^
OS
^
00
I
^
to
10
»o
LO
10
>-0
to
10
lO
?^
^
i^
g?
g^
s^
CM
CM
a
1
Hosted by
Google
106
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
M
O
o
<
O
o
Enrolled as private; promoted corporal Apr. 1, '99, Reg.
S. 0. No. 5; field service, dated Manila, P. I., Apr. 20,
'99; tried by summary court Jan. 2, '99, for violation
of the62d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit three ($3)
dollars of his pay; fine deducted on Jan. and Feb., '99,
pay roll; in confinement Jan. 9-14, '99; released on
being tried by summary court for violation of the
62d art. of war, and found not guilty, and acquitted;
absent without leave Sept. 7, '98, less than 24 hours.
Enlisted at Portland, Or., June 17, '98; assigned to com-
pany by Reg. S 0. JSTo. 187, dated Manila, P. I., Nov.
26, '98; joined company at Manila, P. I., same date.
No clothing was issued to him by the State. Ap-
pointed artificer Jan. 21, '99, Reg. S. O. No. 7, same
date; tried by summary court Feb. 5, '99, for violation
of the 33d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit one month's
pay; nine and 60-100 ($9.60) dollars of fine deducted on
Jan. and Feb., '99, pay roll; eight and 40-100 ($8.40) dol-
lars of fine deducted on Mar. and Apr., '99, pay roll;
sick in quarters June 2-5, '99, inc.; sick in 1st reserve
hospital, Manila, P. I., Mar. 22 to Apr. 14, '99, inc.; all
in line of duty.
Tried by summary court Jan. 17, '99, for violation of the
62d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit fifty (50) cents of
his pay; fine deducted on Jan. and Feb., '99, pay roll;
sick in quarters May 20, '98; July 16-18, '98, inc.; sick
in Presidio hospital, Presidio, Cal.. since July 19, '99;
all in line of duty.
Sick in quarters Oct. 13-17, '98, inc.; not in line of duty;
appointed company artificer Oct. 21, '98, to rank as
such from Oct. 4, '98, Reg. S. 0. No. 195, dated Manila,
P. L, Oct. 2, '98; relieved from duty as company ar-
tificer Jan. 21, '99, Reg. S. 0. No. 7, same date; tried
by summary court Sept. 19, '98, for violation of the
62d art. of war; sentenced to be confined at hard labor
for two weeks, and to forfeit five ($5) dollars of his
pay; fine deducted on Sept. and Oct., '98, pay roll; in
confinement Sept. 19 to Oct. 5, '98, inc.; tried by sum.
mary court Nov. 16, '98, for violation of the 31st art
of war; sentenced to forfeit three ($3) dollars of hi'
1
i
Portland-
Portland -
Portland -
Portland-
i
May 9-
June20-
May 9_
May 9-
1
1
Farmer __
Carpenter
Printer—
Clerk
1 s
1 1 , 1 0)
(2|
1
P P3 P P
1
"^
Fair__
Fair-
Fair__
Light
1
►Sit- , l> c» CO
^'lO ut) lO to
§.
^
?5 , ?3 S §5
1
1
Darwin Bockes
Corporal.
Don C. Butler
Artificer.
Thos. J. Warren
Musician.
Fremont R. Chase
Musiciayi.
Hoste(d by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SRANISH WAR.
107
n^^ m s-:^.
ft
3 'd g •-; , . . g' 0.^ "'■^ •" cu « • r -
«2 fl O !=! ^ C .
^Q) (P_
-O) 0^
H^ggw2^5^§
P r.^
l&Ba
ca ni= :
§ !i.2 i^r^i: u ^o? ^is :! g|i t^ %i
H H CO H
'd
G .
'd
S
a <^
c
^
o
£
05
o
-^ ^
.•
t,'
1
1
^
w
PQ
-g
rd
?H
o3
be
J
P
eq
ft
2
Q
0!
>J
0)
CD
d
d
d
W
pq
0
W
M
'^
^
;h
!1-I
;^
03
c^
;5
<S
■ KJ
fe
fe
fe
fe
fo
^
:^
:^
GO
00
00
CO
>o
to
lo
to
lO
LO
^
^
^
i
Q
^*
^
b
o
c3
PQ
03
PP
Hosted by
Google
108
OREGON VOLUNTiiERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
M
o
o
I
geo-24g -3g^§8
«=«M ^^ S 05 O t» .^ S--^
ftps IS
bv.t'^
^,o^^o^
^
■r /-^ r- OS CD
dt-§^g^<x)§co^d
^ao
i 'd -rf cj cc
CD g += ^"^Xl
■^ =« d .
JooaSdo^^Q^
k^:^ d
, 03
H,C5
.bOg5_r.^-«
^r^^dT
.2d^c».2?.^
.■*^ 5^a!2 o d-d
^^^^.^^^d^l;
^^'S2dO&--3!?(g^^
.CO ^ c ^ ft * 1- _^ • - ^
CO-
d5
,. d o ^ o
^PdS5
j^co •
i,<i)-f
>?e
r^ w - .^ ^ -rS "-' ri S S-< ^ ^ O "^ "-^
OM!.^d^
1 ?-i CT'co
o
(1.
o
o
c3
s
03
c3
fa
03
fa
c3
fa
03
ft
:^
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
109
« P ro^^^'Sc
ro
(s/'i-i'/JC . »!_.•" ^■i-'H'*-! .1-1 M3 t-i -t-i ^ .,-1 "-^ ^
'do* c«-2 a^H,
o?i5.
o -*^ !?S£ m "t^ -M ft . • -rs 5o O)
'd
^
ji.
G
d
cS
03
^^
7~,
u
Gl
Oi
1^
0)
0)
3
f^
hs
^
J
;ii
1
fl
?^
Oi
a;
'd
d
0
a
m \A
o
,J2
OS
^-5
o S
ft 3
A
O
fl
1
1
c«
-H
S-i
M
hH
O
?4
S-I
1
pq
m
-d
fi
ft
0^
^^
00
H\
"^
OS
QO
lO
LO
lO
LO
LO
LO
lO
QO
00
s
S<I
a
25
03
o
Q
f^
>
^-5
CO
£
O
o
O
&H
te
h:
a
fl
c3
fl
g
t
S
o
Q
ft
ft
Hosted by
Google
110
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
m
o
o
pin
O
O
fS
Sick in quarters July 11-13, '98, inc.; Oct. 26-31, '98, inc.;
Nov. 2-10, '98, inc.; May 2^-31, '99, inc.; sick in regi-
mental hospital Feb. 9-13, '99, inc.; all in line of duty.
No remarks.
Tried by summary court Sept. 20, '98, for violation of
the 62d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit four m) dol-
lars of his pay; fine deducted on Sept. and Oct., '98,
pay roll; in confinement Aug. 1-5-23, '98, inc.; released
without trial; in confinement Sept. 18-21, '98, inc.,
released with trial resulting in conviction; sick in
quarters Sept. 30 to Oct 1, '98, inc.; Nov. 8, '98, to Jan.
5, '99, Inc.; all not in line of duty; June 8-15, '99, inc.;
June 16-19, '99, inc.; in hue of duty; sick in Presido
hospital, Presidio, Cal., since July 19, '99; in line of
duty.
Enlisted at Portland, Or., June 21, '99; assigned to com-
pany by Reg. S. 0. No. 187, dated Manila, P. I., Nov.
26, '98; joined company at Manila, P. I., same date.
No clothing was issued to him by the State. Tried
by summary court Oct 11, '98, for violation of the 33d
art. of war; sentenced to forfeit one {il) dollar of his
pay; fine deducted on Oct. '98, payroll, in confine-
ment Jan. 9-12, '99, inc.; released with trial from sum-
mary court for violating the 62d art. of war; found
not guilty and acquited; sick in regimental hospital
Dec. 18-26, '98, inc.; sick in quarters Dec. 26, '98, to Jan.
3, '99, inc.; all in line of duty; sick in 1st reserve hos-
pital, Manila, P. I., Apr. 15 to May 11, '99, inc.; not in
line of duty.
Enlisted at McMinnville, Or., June 20, '98; assigned to
company by Reg. S. O. No. 187, dated jManila, P. I.,
Nov. 26, '98; joined company at Manila, P. I., same
date. No clothing was issued to him by the State.
Tried by summary court Jan. 17, '99, for violation of
the 62d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit fifty (50) cents
of his pay; fine deducted from Jan. and Feb., '99, pay
roll.
Enlisted at McMinnville, Or. June 17, '98; assigned to
company by Reg. S. O. No. 187, dated Manila, P. I.,
Nov. 26, '98; joined company at Manila, P. I., same
i
1
I
1
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
McMinn-
ville.
McMinn-
ville.
1
May 9-
May 9-
May 9-
June 21-
June27_
June27-
i
Student—
Laborer-
Clerk—
Carpenter
Farmer—
Farmer -
11
Or. —
Ohio- -
Mo._-
Wash.
Or. _„
Or.—
•1
1^
D. Br.
Br. _-
Black
D. Br.
Br. —
D. Br.
1
W WW w w w
il
Dark-
Dark-
Dark-
Dark-
Fair-
Dark-
1
4^ ^^^ «5 -\" ^^
^•lO Loio lO ur2 . cr-
5^ ^^ 8^ S : C^
1
Elkins, Dillard A
Ewing, Len. D.
Gallagher, Anthony.
Garretson, Edgar S—
Graves, Herbert G. __
Grace, Leo. B
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Ill
^ o 'B
o"S c
-^ C3-*
|P^12 §|gP|
b ^J-^-^^'r^*
= hHCN o C eg g ^
^c.
=«SPh
a} +
(V, pi C5 ^;:H
O o*^ ...
•" . "S J. .—
ijf cj sT 5 as f-!
r-^ ^ .:£ ?> Q rt ^.
^'Ci^'
".5 ^50q
M W W. W
'C
-d
'O
^
rj
a
r^
OS
03
03
.;::| <D
3
^
0
0
CI >
^
^
Oh
Ci
00
OJ
cq
fe
§
0)
a:)
3
o
Ph
o
P^
CD O
D3
O
3
c3
ft
pq
c3
c3
d
fe
s
"?
c3
0
o3
Q
^
'd
rH~
Q
H
2
^
cc
r/2
be
fl
(D
08
■s
0
p
0
Ei
W
w
w
tn
l>3
^
2
fi
^
(2^
^
a
^
hi
0
Hosted by
Google
112
OREGON VOLUNTEEKS IN SPANISH WAR.
hsoo oj O
.Sl^
>Xi
■i U i-^ O
egos c« O
> 6
3 <^
17-5 . P< 03 -^
_CT . o eft I ki;
O hn'^ '^ >s r
t7! "^Oi n t-i f-i '•^
its
.t^ hJ ^'
' CD O >5c3i
'2 .li "^ o
rd "^ (M ^0 a
2 ;> fl^
OS CP
- ---.CD rH
i-o ^ • r
■ J2 -
^H 03 -r-l r-H .
.t^ S ^ .ri 5 .rH Cd 2 S
0 ^r^ij,
^rci H :3 q
<^ S -d ^ p -t^
'« O > ■^^ , c -
il o o
! X3 ^.,
-*Oi
i«<g'°^t:*Js;-s
C/3
a oj 03
s^^~
'^c5 O J
o • . - 13 2
^5
Q
M
Eh
O
o
o
pin
<
o
o
o
o
O'
6 a
S.2
i i
qI
cb
^
c3
2
tic
3
03
3
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
113
■ ^ C? o . • so ft a
6 8m.^
2^^*^
OS
o
>i
>i
>i
cA
c3
C6
^
^
g
CD O
o
ti'i^
a
&4" fe
d
1
1
I
.<^
^
S-i
^*
W
O
O
M
1
■*-3
-^
■&t)
C3
:e
pq
(-5
fi
pq
J
0)
d
^
3
J3
oS
pq
W
W
fi
^
::^
s^
=^
^
^
y^
i
ft
w
^
>.
3
o
W
'd
;i
>,
ii
M
Hosted by
Google
114
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
H
S
o
O
o
i
i
Sick in quarters May 20-22, '98, inc.; June 5-9, '98, inc.;
June 25-29, '98, inc.; July 2-12, '98, inc.; July 18-27, '98,
inc.; Aug.20 to Oct. 30,'98, inc.; June 7-9,'99, inc.; June
18-24, '99, inc.; June 27 to July 2, '99, inc.; July 5-20, '99,
inc.; sick in brig, hospital, Cavite Arsenal, P. I., July
12-18, '98, inc.; sick in regimental hospital June 9-25,
'98, inc.; sick in quarters Aug. 11-20, '98, inc.; all in
line of duty.
Enlisted at Portland, Or., June 17, '98; assigned to com-
pany by Reg. S. O. No, 187, dated Manila, P. I., Nov.
26, '98; joined company at Manila, P. I., same date.
No clothing was issued to him by the State. Tried
by summary court Dec. 27, '98, for violation of the
33d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit one ($1) dollar of
his pay; fine deducted on Nov. and Dec, '98, pay roll;
sick in quarters May 29 to June 1, '99, inc.; in line of
duty; in confinement Mar. 11, '99; released without
trial; absent without leave Mar, 10, '99 (less than 24
hours).
Enlisted at Portland, Or., June 15, '98; assigned to com-
pany by Reg. S. 0. No. 187, dated Manila, P. I., Nov. 26,
'98; joined company at Manila, P. I., same date. No
clothing was issued to him by the State. Sick in 1st
reserve hospital, Manila, P. I., Nov. 22 to Dec. 22, '98,
inc.; sick in field brig, hospital May 4 to June 9, '99,
inc.; all in line of duty. Deposited with Major Wm.
B. Rochester, Jr., A. P. M., U. S. Vols., at Manila, P. I.,
Mar. 7, '99, twenty-five ($25) dollars.
Enlisted at Portland, Or., June 15, '98; assigned to com-
pany by Reg. S. 0. No. 187, dated Manila, P. I., Nov. 26,
'98; joined company at Manila, P. I., same date. No
clothing was issued to him by the State. Sick in 1st
reserve hospital, Manila, P. I., Dec. 5-14, '98, inc.; sick
in quarters May 14 to June 3, '99, inc.; July 6, '98; all
in line of duty.
In confinement Dec. 7-14, '98, inc.; released on being
tried By sumn3.ary court Dec. 14, '98, for violation of
the 62dart.of \var; found not guilty and acquitted;
sick in quarters Jnlv 22-24, '98, inc.; Oct. 3-7, '98, inc.;
1
1
i
1
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
1
v^ CD CP O) .
1 = § § 1
.2
Farmer —
Harness-
maker.
Collector-
Store-
keeper.
Seaman-_
II
Or. _._
Cal.__-
Or. —
-
Texas
Mich.
i
1
5^
1
1 £ J J J
^3 fl P5 pq pq
i
1 1 1 © OD
ii
a.
Fair-
Dark-
Fair-
Fair—
Fair-
i
S b- CO rH r-t rH
^lO lO CO CD lO
1
CO CO cq ^ 35
1
McCutcheon, Chas. G.
McGrath, Miles
McKinney, George B.
McMillan, Timothy.
Miers, Charles C
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
115
> ^Sl-S >§ ^'S o3 is o 6^ 3^^- T--.-^
^•-^ ^--S "^^ -ri = ^'go ^-«^ ^^S"■S^ %
:!l s 5- °.si^ cd^ ^""S s a.s a 5^ >> .
^'^s '^-"^^- ^" "" Iga^sl c^- 3^'^,'s al b7^ "^ ^ ^^
r^^ ^
H R OQ H O QQ
OS
03
P
03
O
o
O
o
o
o
o3
fen
O
pq
03
ft
ft
03
ft
!1<
B
OS
Hosted by
Google
116
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
ft
m
ft
M
o
o
J
<
o
o
1
Appointed company cook Nov. 14, '98, per Reff. S. O.
No. 184, same date; relieved from duty as company
cook Dec. 5, '98, per Reg. S. 0. No. 194, same date; ap-
pointed company cook Mar. 11, '99, per Reg. S. 0. No.
22, same date; sick in quarters June 27-^, '98, inc.;
Sept. 27-29, '98, inc.; June 2-9, '99, inc.; July 18-20, '99,
inc.; all in line of duty.
Sick in quarters Sept. 9-12, '98, inc.; Sept. 25 to Oct. 25,
'98, inc.; Nov. 19 to Dec. 4, '98, inc.; Dec. 14-18, '98, inc.;
May 19 to June 11, '99, inc.; sick in 1st reserve hospi-
tal, Manila, P. I., Oct. 25 to Nov. 19, '98, inc.; Dec. 18,
'98, to Jan. 27, '99, inc. Absent, sick on hospital ship
Belief since June 12, '99; all in the line of duty. Re-
joined company Aug. 3, '99.
Enlisted at Portland, Or., June 16, '98; assigned to com-
pany per Reg. S. O, No. 187, dated Manila, P. I., Nov.
26, '98; joined company at Manila, P. I., same date.
No clothing was issued him by the State, Wounded
in action at San Rafael, P, I., May 1, '99. Sick in field
brigade hospital May 2-28, '99, inc.; sick in 1st reserve
hospital, Manila, P. I., May 28 to June 12, '99, inc.;
sick in quarters June 13 to July 13, '99, inc.; sick in
Presidio hospital, Presidio, Cal., since July 14, '99; all
in line of duty.
Wounded in action at Marilao, P. I., Apr. 11, '99.
Enrolled as private; appointed wagoner Oct. 21, '98, per
Reg. S. 0. No. 175, same date; sick in quarters Oct. 29
to Nov. 1, '98, inc.; Nov. 16-22, '98, inc.; May 19-23, '99,
inc.; June 2-22, '99, inc.; June 23-27, '99, inc.; July 2-19,
'99, inc.; sick in 1st reserve hospital, Manila, P. I.,
May 24 to June 1, '99, inc.; sick in Presidio hospital,
Presidio, Oal., since July 19, '99; all in line of duty.
Tried by summary court Jan. 17, '99, for violation of
the 62d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit fifty (50) cents
of his pay; fine deducted on Jan. and Feb., '99, pay
roll; sick in quarters June 1-15, '99, inc.; June 27 to
July 7, '99, inc.; all in line of duty; in confinement
Nov. 6-8, '98, inc.; released without trial.
Tried by summary court Feb. 10, '99, for violation of
the 32d art. of war (absent Feb. 7, '99, less than 24
1
1
CO
1
1
1
1
Portland-
Portland -
Portland_
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
May 9-
May 9-
June IS-
May 9-
May 9-
May 9-
May 9_
i
1
o
Farmer __
Laborer—
Student _
Student _
Laborer-
Clerk
Farmer __
1 s
Ind.-
111. _-
Mo. -
Pa.—
Ire.
Mo. -
Scot. _
1
1
Br
Light
Br.
Br. —
Br.
Br. _j_
Br. —
1
Li. Br.
Br. -_
Blue _
Br. _-
Blue-
Blue _
Gray-
s 1
Dark-
Fair—
Fair-
Fair—
Fair-
Fair-
Dark-
i
1
^^ ^ ^ coo i> ^
^lO iO lO iO>0 lO lO
1
c^ i^ 28 ^ ^
i
3
Redman, Zederiah M.
Reynolds, Otis A
Reeves, John T
Rommel, Edward
Scanlon, John
Simmons, Guy D
Shepherd, David
Hoste(d by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS iN SPANISH WAR.
117
QJ
OS rt '-'
•Si
>.2
02 fl
5S-
55 t, *H rn Jiiol^
-35
lfs-9|3!li.
CO ^
_. ^ a <i5 ••'^..^''-^rj hi
c8 .g
s^%2 =
^^ "£ 22 «3 ^ ^ Ti
— ^ -i5 .Oh O-^^i-^
. p a^oi ^
Op o
,^go
■p OJ 5^
-p CO-H
tp P'~*
c^P
iS^^io^dt
3SS^^^^.T^^-Sa
■i o ■ ■ -^ -Oi i:'-' '^ "•^ ^ O
a;d'2.■:^^g^.^^^'^^
'-I hi - S ::s O p-T^ . t^ ai o
S?; oi ci (:e n "^ • tH\5 rf p
tnPH : pT! rt-e ^ ..ci - -r
Oooo
Sis
gbC-'-'gPi-^^-^EKp
^fs^-^^-^^^p-t:-
p7S^^^p.Sa:>P^
02 p^S5'd<^^ a: o 5^ ^ t.
^ P^ BSt 'tS ^ ^-^^ rt^- ti^ ag ^ P^ p-
■*■=> A ^ 1 CD p fl 9g w O -c^ • -M ft i a> p O -'-^ ^ .
I §00-53 .S 5^^ g ^^i^l 8oo-53^^^j»^
^ o p
s«g
'd
'd
'ff»
P
P
r-^
<sS
c«
!^
fw
Eq
0
0
Oh
flH
02
Oi
05
S5
t>^
t>.
>^
etf
ce
d
^
^
^
'So
P
■p
03
p g t5 r-s s-( . .p <i^ ^•'•iiiocoP'*^
S5S5 ="5423-5 £p5g a o^.
03
c3
68
•d Ph
Hosted by
Google
118
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
"H^^ 0^73 OJ'C!'^ O ^t>,^ -
cS§
Ife'^
rj cnH zio Ztm ®+j.^^rH Of^
■ CO o
.. CO -g O J3 tK
3 2 2^ oT^i '^3
^-^
■CD .
P4V
■ — 'Ti _►—<>:< l: ni □
|S|Ss.cr
H ^J^
S^is
r/iO ^^ ^<^
^§=■0.0 ^7i ^S Acq
=i'V'^ °3^. o3 £^=3 oj
.;5 ^i ^ -hi Pi<M i^ 02 O CN
-a'a^^.T^
O
o d I
^ dr^ d
3 d otd
o ® ^ S
a«w,Sis
&»--| 25^5 ^-5^5 go^|3^
goj-^P^.t^^fidS-rP-Ofl
f-i cc ri
■ .2^
d'^oT
o '--^
3<5 '-'»-,
[£,01—1
M
o
Q
Oh
O
'd nd
^ S
d
Eq uq
jn o
^
5^
ffil
w
pq
ft
:^
cq CO
r-H u
3 M
03 d
2^ §?
w
1
1
iA
0
M
c3
pi
^
a
11-1
^
^
fl" .
<
0
fl
0
C3
ft
a
0
%
u
d
i
a
^
^
H
H
H
&
Hosted' by
Google
OKfiGOisr VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
119
QO-^
o3o
' ^ ri a
k.*
^ t^ . -.'*-' !>■ .ii 1 rT '•J/1 »-
•^^i
.^a> O^.^J i^'M C^,^fl .
,^. 03 -^ -^ .^ 3 fl ??
^ «SS
=^^i5!:sf'^o
,•"" . V. '^'^^ ?;=':« '^rd ^.'js rj a
l^^'^As^^Mh^aM^o
o
o
o
03
fac
pq
d
s
fe
fe
fe
p
^
o
o
o
CD
1
lO
lO
lO
to
x>
8^
cq
S5
a>
CO
^
O
o
^
B
"c;
^
<D
>
0)
i
?
>
^
Hosted by
yGoogle
120
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
o
Q
O
o
hco3, : m
<ir^ c3^ o5m ^ti'
" . r? -^ d 3 <33 ''
^ . H -^ d 3 <33
o2So
d-d d 4^ 3^
P*^ d'^ OS
o o ®5 ^'
-r! <^ d i ■
000.2 as^
oj^-goioa d
•-^cocoP-i
(33 -M ^ f>5 - >^^
'3 "" *^'-^^^'^
^ !>50C QO -+3 ml S
O tL| CD -4-5 02 .rH -
ocq oca o3 S S v- S d f>*-^'S ftd
?^-fl
"^OO't
55^13 . o«m" S . • oS
£ i i-. ^.22-f l^l'^.c^-^^dis?
|§^^.^dg^o^r|u?^lt|5^t
?a§i.S.2gSog^sf|^g.2^al
d
c8
o
o3
h5
::;?:
c8 5
rd
ft
0^
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
121
S'^i
^^"^ Pis §i^aS¥^.^'&loid
mmmMmui»i^mm
Ss^£3ytSS|»
o
03
O
^
CO
Q
o
1
.a
O
1— 1
1
.^
A
u
%
W
^
^•
o
pq
:i
P
P3
^
i:^
csS
^
fi
f^
^
:^
00
\o
to
•^
-d
«
'd
o
o
Hosted by
Google
122
OREGON VOLUNTEERS iN Sl^ANlSKt WAU.
P
g
o
o
=0 g^O. o g tj ^^. O;, ^ g fl ^O. g Q-^,
4< aj cnT fan v.^'i^" o co" r-T rl -t^ > o^rl
•00
SCO CB^ .^O:' -,00©
^ (D <q +0 ^ "w CX) 'd O .^
/^ c5 'S M . J« O S^ S 03 ^
O
« H oS
f>C<l
O
g^- CD +j ^T-i •::: t/j Q cc
,a^'
^ ^ I— I ^j x^+j . CO eg vi O .
y^ vi^ »- ;_, -J • ■ «, )-i od"'*-' sD '-^
^?^p .
0^ P -tf CO o3 *
■^ a "^ o
- '^^
tfoO
3 « ^ 1
^.sSllP^iP
o
S
ft
m
o
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
123
'^^•
!>.'d ,
f-i CSJD*^
hO c3
i^:
?<i'd.S'S2^«S'^
■n C5^ r-
'^ OP rj ri C
=:< O o
o3 ..
c3 ft^«rt
j_i >^ Q ,i-( l/J -/I.,
:»p--.K^g»|^-
,5 o-^x:
t)-^-^-?/
o
O
Hosted by
Google
124
OREGON VOLIJNTEBKS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
S
P
12;
M
o
o
o
o
1
Sick in quarters June 12-27, '98, inc.; July 6, '98; all in
line of duty. Transferred to U. S. hospital corps
Aug. 6, '98, per S. 0. No. 18, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific
and 8th A. C, dated Cavite Arsenal, P. I., Aug. 6, '98.
He had no settlement for clothing. Due U. S. for
clothing drawn between date of enlistment and date
of transfer twenty-eight and 54-100 ($28.54) dollars; in
this settlement state clothing is charged at full
schedule prices; the soldier is entitled tosix and 86-100
(16.86) dollars for the difference between the full
schedule prices of State clothing and board of survey
prices. On the descriptive list on account of pay and
clothing furnished at the time of transfer. State cloth-
ing was charged at full schedule prices.
Enlisted at McMinnville, Or., June 17, '98; avSsigned to
company per Reg. S. 0. No. 187, dated Manila, P. I.,
Nov. 26, '98; joined company at Manila, P. I., same
date. No clothing was issued to him by the State.
Tried by summary court Sept. 28, '98, for violation of
the 32d art. of war (absent less than 24 hours); sen-
tenced to forfeit five ($5) dollars of his pay; fine de-
ducted on Sept., '98, pay roll; tried by summary court
Jan. 20, '99. for violation of the 62d art. of war; sen-
tenced to forfeit fifty (50j cents of his pay; fine de-
ducted on Jan. and Feb., '99, pay roll; sick in quar-
ters Nov. 29 to Dec. 6, '98; in line of duty. Killed in
action at Malabon, P. I., Mar. 25, '99; inventory of
effects and final statements forwarded to Adjutant
General May 26, '99; service, "honest and faithful."
Sick in quarters June 8-24, '98, inc.; July 9-14, '98, inc.;
Sept. 16, '98; Oct. 20-30, '98. inc.; Nov. 15-17, '98, inc.;
sick in 1st reserve hospital, Manila, P. I., Nov. 18 to
Dec. 8, '98, inc.; all in line of duty. Died at 1st reserve
hospital, Manila, P. I., Dec. 8, '98; inventory of effects
and final statements forwarded to Adjutant General
Mar. 6, '99; service, "honest and faithful." State cloth-
ing is charged at fTill schedule prices. In the settlement
on final statements, soldier's heir Is entitled to six and
86-100 ($6.86) dollars, the difference between schedule
prices and board of survey prices of State clothing.
i
e
a
1
1
1
Portland -
McMlnn-
vllle.
Portland-
2
May 9-
June 27-
May 9-
1
o
Student -
Laborer-
Student _
O o o
i
t
1
Br. —
Br.
Light
i
Br. „-_
Blue-
Gray-
ii
Dark-
Fair-
Fair-
>sg^ ^ ' ^
^•lO CD ^
8^ ^ ^ C^
i
\
Gallagher, John H —
Killed in action-
Private.
Clark, Birt J.—
Died of disease-
Privates.
Hibbs, Frank W
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
125
!l ?. K. =s d 5= ^S
J^d-'go;S5d
'Sr-T'dAH-g^-flg.^^d
^ s „ c cj^ o-S o ^
^^ G ^-^§75:2^ d o
- >.
o d
n!J3ia;^'^';3S^od'da.
B-T!. u d ^cS- _ o a a;
o 2
OS
^ c ^- w "^ r^
- » c o
o ^ "■ ft-io
ilillllilllillgi^fl^5..
^ <^ ^ d '■'^ ^ *'-' ^ td
-So S oid^-g^ M«
C bC^ C fx '" T( f^ T
o
&
S
o
03
fe
fe
^
fe
T-H
CO
00
1^
lO
lO ^
lO
lO
S5
?^
R
Oi
OS
03
'd
O
'd
I
o
s
Q
-d
u
'd
Hosted by
Google
126
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
q
a
o
12;
o
o
I
<:
o
o
C3 03cD'7
f> u =r ^ . , .^_, *-i r-i <y £-5 c c
-I <^-
be
i .,o^
'g^gf^
^ 'n
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
127
H
"-A
>
S
O
P
o
Q
i 5
ti -^ 5
5^ OS ^
Sit
OS rj
00 75
ft '
< &
S i^
as S? ^' M ^
•s ;•'■ 0? .^ ^
^ lo b ^"^ b ^ P^
^? I
:^ ft ^
ft^ s
1 'd <^
s s
^ r:^ CQ S '^
'^ <^ T^ ^ 2
><
fl
rrT
T-!
02
"^
B
S^
o
lO
0)
(>4
g
^
§
^
cS
rd
ft
J^
03
s
>.
'd
CS
fl
--J
o ce <i5
^ S -g
^ 2 s
tC ^ S c c H
CO Q^ «w o +J
fl -2 o
eg O fl
^ ,:0 ^ cc^
^ (Xi <^
ft .2
'd «s .M
S 2 ^
.2 c
fa
9 05 nz! 03
_ <^ O
'd fl x3 +^
.2 f^' .2
1 £|
d 'd a
Oi 00
00 r-H
ce
'd fl
CO S
CD <V
d ?a
i = ^
cu d 0^ s ^
CM 00
^ ^ ■- % i
o a;! n
o;> oj -d t2 0^
^ g ^ ^ d
^11
^ ^
>i 00
i Ph
.la
^ -^
fl
h
p
O
u
q;>
03
.R
tn
^
OD
a
tf
n
3
'd
Ti
!i)
Si
o
1>
t^
^
^
o
a
j-(
%.
cs
ft
,o
c«
oi
a
^
Hj
fe
0)
1— 1
o
Ph'
s
i^
cS^
O'J
rd
•a
^
d
CO
M
^
'^
.- Vj d a>
P^ d
S c
- «. ^ P ^ p
^ a s
^1
03
a ^
2 P^
<u Jh oi oT ES
'— ! M 05 C3S '^
<3 ^ .a a s
a a a Qc
jH
44
fi
'^-H
o
c«
03
M
o
c3
^
^
^
of "i
OS -— (
rd -d
d ;:»
d d
1-5
fd <-*
03 5
o d
.cf « ;d a
C QO ^ P
in p r-i
CS ^ ^ 03 S
O o3
t>5 TS
d 05 ^ ^ ^
d ^ J^
d S c3 d & ^
a ^
a
^^ •^
^.-M ^
^ ^
oS
O c3
ft 02
o a
33 'd «^
c5 f3
a 2
ft ^
d
ft fl 2 L?
a ^ ^ "^
O «M o3
? d
kH o3
"d h^
O ^ c3
^2'^ i M
e "o3
OB "
^ -d
^^ h^ 'd
!-5 H 03
U p
S-i ;h
03 dn
d -d
^ d
d ^H
03
M
d
d
'd
CL>
d
:^'
d
o
O
fl
^
o
03
d
rt
o
ft
ce
oi
jd
d
ft
a
^
^
?^
^
4.2
d
r1
02
o
Ph
d
'"'
br
h3
-d
d
CO
<
g
c6
'"^
d
-l-J
d
!/J
M
P
d
'd d ,S
2 d <i^
S -d -^
^ So
.2 c3
o a .g,
a a
- a
ft <z^
-d
O rt
■ 5 a M 5 H
O 5 XI -
^ O 03
cc bf) r^
d -^
o ^
be "
D
^ ^ ? 5 ^
-d
bo -
fl .4^ &£ >i
oQj o3l252 S 53 ;m
d 'd
■c3 d
ft d
.d
H
^ - 'd >
^ -^ ^ c3
<2 ^ § 2
eg ,
W ;
'd I
■? ^ d rd
-d
' Ph' E
i ^- S
I o3 d
! g gf
[^ S
> •- rT
> !B .C
' '^ i^
' -d ^
1 g-d
ft M
d <f1
•r p
ft ^
§ O
<M +J +J
:« "^ 'd
ft s a
o d g
'S ft 5
ft Q^ o
< 1 ■•
OS w
• OS -•
M QO fl(
O Ph
d ;r;
5 ^
o +^ o a
5 o
t ^ ^ s
-d ^ 9 fe ^
^ r . M
'd
d
OS
^ O
03 r-\
OS
ft '
S
03 ■
a «
0 p
' d
r=i M y ft O OS -d
^« Si
-d . «3
o d
^ QU cS 03
« w rd ft --I
ft
Hosted by
Google
128
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
dd
d^^
■^^^a
02 r- J
-TO)
d'2'Ci
S)cSO
«>
OpS
•
^^d
w
^d^
•J
^>S
>H
«$.-
^
'5 QQ-M
d OJ OQ
<
ill
Oh
S
pq'.-S (S
O
u
SB'
I d o
d S fl
,d aTDC
O !h
=1,
sow
d
0
i
s
Originally mustered in with company as captain; ap-
pointed and accepted commission May 10, '98.
Originally mustered in with company as 1st lieutenant;
On special duty as acting regimental adjutant per
S. 0. No. 1, hdqrs. 2d Or. Vol. Inf., dated Apr. 22, '99;
returned to duty with company per verbal orders on
July 14, '99; sick in quarters June 17-18, '98, inc.; Nov.
28-29, '98, inc.; all in line of duty; appointed and ac-
cepted commission May 10, '98.
Originally mustered in with company as 2d lieutenant;
on special duty as chief of scouts May 18-22, '99, inc.,
per Held S. O. No. 4, hdqrs. 1st div., 8th A. C, dated
May 18, '99; sick in quarters June 17-18, '98, inc.; Nov
27, '98, to Jan. 4, '99, inc.; all in line of duty; absent
with leave July 16-19, '99, inc., per order regimental
commander; appointed and accepted commission
May 10, '98.
Enrolled as first sergeant and mustered in as 1st ser-
geant; sick in quarters Dec. 8-10, '98, inc.; in line of
duty. In the settlement for clothing is included the
sum of thirteen and 99-100 (118 99) dollars, total value
of articles issued by State. Deposited on Aug. 8, '98,
forty ($40) dollars with Major Kilbourne; Nov. 5, '98,
twenty-five ($25) dollars with Major Sears.
Enrolled and mustered in as quartermaster sergeant;
sick in quarters July 30 to Aug. 2, '98, inc.; Sept. 6-9,
'98, inc.; Dec. 29-31, '98, inc.; all in line of duty. In the
settlementfor clothing is included the sum of thirteen
and 99-100 (513.99) dollars, total value of articles issued
by State.
1
■1
1
1
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
1
May 10„
May 10-
May 10-
May 10-
May 10-
a.
Telegra'er
Teacher—
Millman-
Butter-
maker.
Banker __
N. Y.-
Iowa-
Or. —
Or. _-
Mich.
i
1
1
. i i ; i i
K pq M pq S
i
Blue-
Br. ..-
Blue-
Blue—
Blue-
s 1
8.
Dark-
Dark-
Dark-
Dark-
Dark-
1^
S'l § 00 i;
^ "5 >0 lO ' LO lO
1
^ s ^ ^ ^
1
John L. May
Captain.
Frank B. Hamlin
ist Lieutenant.
James E, Thornton—
2d Lieutenant.
Wm. C. Grubb „ -_-
■1st Sergeant.
Frank S. Godfrey—
Quartermaster Sergeant.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
129
X 1- o
ip£o3 isSSoJ
;S'5^-2^
3-1^ c3-
a: u '^ O
c3 c 2 bC^
-*^ -c! ® 3 '-*-* fc^ ^^ rt '-'^ -^ CD ^ .;:: ^1 2 +j ^ .;; 5 'm "^ ?5 -^^ ^ ii^ . ^-^ o 05 -
3 S^^^S^^'^^Bo
S^^'5^^^ 1^*^= sS^ b'^a^" d c^ o .^'S'^,;^
3 ce g
c^ ? ^ « CD .Zl ^ P 5^ ^"i:^ ^ i^-- S 3 P i^i * «> ^' ?^ "^ T! ^ ^ 5^ *^ 71 5^ P ?2 -^ <-^* ^^ ^ *^ ^ ^
03
O
o
O
o
o
>.
d
^
03
o3
1
1
'^'
1
risj
'
CQ
'
CQ
cq
^
pp
^
1
^
.
cq
1
p;
P3
^
'~i
4i
^^
^
W
^
H^
M
-^
1
J
cfi
c3
o3
ce
p
P
fa
, Ph
;^
:^
';?^
^
■■"■" : ^ " " "
t-
B I
Q
5
^
Ph
a:*
W
d
a
&
^
9
CO
o ■^■
P
Hosted by
Google
130
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
02 "r^ii^'y d'w
"1 . « . ^p
o^- rt d jH ^ p>
rt CO '^ ""^ "^ '5? -<
i; ►-S rH CO *rt
0*o
" +i -
o
02 q OS
.2 eg'"
o'3 a
O)-^ o o
OO 03 O ^eij.— (■+-='1" n^.ti
.JQ d rH IM "-^ ۩: <p ^
d JB
' ^22 dt^
£3#gf
I -d O o3 r?
>-^oi jv, CO r -ii d «j_ t; 9^ 00
- r d » c^ o -<ri ^ o3
g '5:; M c? oj ce'
s§5?.»
o g a^M -a ^ie CO a-:;?:^ "s*
^ o-d .d^^^o;^^.^^^
^^'^^oo'S'^^
"^^^^Ss^-d^- '^o
CD d 5h O Ci^p^cf^-^s
CS «2 ^ h^ -05 O
'd f-i' ^.^<H'^'-H.rt •
d SS^oT • . X "^-b
!^xa o>;qo d
'd§ -co-si^ .^'^
Q
P
M
o
o
M
O
o
-d
3
-d
<
c3
P
^
:^
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
131
5 ii-Sii
2- .+? , s (1) q;
^SgS5«ao3
3 71 £3 a> cj ^* ?H ^'^
5B W^^M-^^r-H^
oca OM 0) (D
SO .^^.s
a,- So as
jH . 1*5 QO — I -^
>f^^V.
|.6,p^ ||PS2 6^^^
Is
^. *-- a .2
5d ."
.^«3 d-i^C3 - • ■
J o -C 00 i" •?::;•;::! O .
5 l> OcqcNr^ cSOlo
^g-^- .oX -^-S-d
: S^l? So a5 O S n
an ^ 'd o "^ "3 o 'cs tj r>^" %r 5 ^ "■" n -7^ -ri <=» h " "^^
r|^^.ag
1 s^M'^JII^-SsgCl^all g'gpl ^S la^g^.
^O'^^g^^O'd aJ,oo£ P«M 3 O ^^^-s 5«H^c3^ -^ oi
oSP 0<NCq C^odOQP,^ ft^
o
eg
ft
CO
o3
^
c3
ft
:it
3S
03
O
H o
Q
Q
c3
o
Hosted by
Google
132
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
fj" H '».^ fl'd 03^
"^ ■^ (^ rj _
g8g r '^s^pc^
:io
rt O) CD d 3
cp d (D .S ^ '^ ,2
d2^ d cs-^ .,
3q'C!'7 d '^ ^
00 d d o CO
O d ^ dca
, d o)
^ ' c 'rH ci:^ 02 d
cu*
d
d>;
ce O 5;^ ti .^
eS c3 cu m"'^'"'5 m d ^ oS — O _
d '— ^'►-•o
Silii
'^6-^^q
® CD 2 d+3 OS
c:3^-^ "^ fci- ^ d
^''^ .rT'^^-d ^
^ !3 2 hr "^
0 jL^n^ !!_|
7j^ "(H d
■-H t; d n <^ '^
03 d-'^'^ipH^
TO
d d
jD "d
^i^TdS,
'IJ d G O yT
d o .;::3 d ^
d-dM^s
c?d'^ o^
p^dgog
^^ d
m
AU'&^J2
?^'o
m
2pg.S^
--^i; CD
-d <D
02 CD d
P-Idd
S-:^^
o
d o^ . c3
' d T'SS o H Vi
:^^.lSd^
r-l .S ^ fl «^ 2
p
M
Ei
Z
O
Q
o
o
-d
d
c3
o
Ah
03
'd
d
£
^
^
03
c3
P
W.
d
P
,08
03
P
>
o
S
-d
Hostfed by
Google
Ouj^iGON Volunteers in Spanish wa]^.
138
"" - "^ " J I • -02 . fc^ -J <^ fl V '
"^rs '-' (D "D
^jt-^^.,^'« ^S^
:^o
•^ O O-
oS
•r-( .-< O fife O "
43 P O)^
cc rt :
fl (D
^ fl r
^2.
■e^^s
Jo a,
^:t:^ sh -=^1 «S ^
c; .2; a o a>
i .rH 02 .rH OQ 4-=
1:5
Tj
•^P fe-d &JDO
+^ c« 53 'd "^ dc» ^
-o d ^.S '„ t^ d d
?.S-Sd^^|l
d
o
o
O
d
3
c3
c3
P
03
P
;:5^
^
§5
cq
OS
Ci
c^
Cs|
rH
1
h4
w
4i!
13
CD
pq
Hosted by
Google
134
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
M
o
Q
?
o
1
Joined company by enlistment at Manila, P. I., on
Nov. 24, '98; assigned to company per S. 0. No. 187,
hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98; sick
in quarters Nov. 30 to Dec. 1, '98, inc.; sick in hospital
Dec. 2-4, '98, inc.; sick in quarters June 21, '99; May
14-17, '99, inc.; sick In hospital May 18-26, '99, inc.
Joined company by enlistment at Manila, P. I., Nov.
24, '98; assigned to company per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs.
2d Or. Inf., dated at Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98. No
clothing issued by State; sick in quarters Dec. 31, '98,
to Jan. 2, '99, inc.; June 24, '99; sick in hospital July
16 to , '99, inc.; all in line of duty.
Joined company by enlistment at Manila, P. I., Nov.
24, '98; assigned to company per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs.
2d Or. Inf., dated at Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98. No
clothing issued by State; absent without leave Mar.
10, '99; not tried; pay for time absent to be deducted
on this roll.
Sick in quarters Julv 30, '98; Aug. 23-31, '98, inc.; Sept.
4-7, '98, inc.; all in line of duty. Absent without leave
July 16-17, '99, inc.; not tried; pay for time absent to
be deducted on this roll. In the settlement for cl oth-
ing is included the sum of thirteen and 99-100 ($13.99)
dollars, total value of articles Issued by State.
Joined company by enlistment at Manila, P. I., Nov.
24, '98; assigned to company per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs.
2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98; sick in
hospital Dec. 13-24, '98, inc.; sick in quarters Feb. 27 to
Mar. 18, '99, inc.; sick in hospital Mar. 19 to Apr. 10,
'99, inc.; sick in quarters May 1-17, '99, inc.; all in line
of duty. No clothing issued by State.
Sick in quarters May 14, '98; May 20-22, '98, inc.; July
6-12, '98, inc.; July 20^22, '98. inc.; Sept. 16-17, '98, inc.;
Oct. 14-19, '98, inc.; sick in hospital Oct. 25 to Dec. 18,
'98, inc.; sick in quarters Dec. 19, '98, to Jan. 8, '99, inc.;
June 5-11, '99, inc.; all inline of duty. In the settle-
ment for clothing is included the sum of thirteen
99-100 ($13.99) dollars, total value of clothing Issued
by State. Deposited on Aug. 8, '98, ten (f 10) dollars
with Major Kilbou me.
i
1
Ashland-
Roseburg
Ashland -
Portland -
Roseburg
Portland-
1
1
July 11-
July 12-
July 11-
May 10-
July 12-
May 10_
1
1
Printer -_
Laborer-
Carpenter
Laborer-
Teamster
Farmer —
1^'
Mo. -
Ind.-_
Cal. -
Wash.
Ill
South
Am.
1
1
S fi S i w 1
p p ■ p S P M
1
CD ! <P 1 1 '^
pq pq ,rt W W W
i 1
Fair-
Fair—
Fair-
Dark-
Dark-
Dark-
^g g 1 g g g
«1jO lO lO iC LO to
S §3 s§ s ^ a
i
Black, Wm. 0
Bray, John R
Briner, John H._
Busey, F. Leo __
Butler, Wm. E
Churchman, Geo. H._
Hoste(d by
Google
ORfiGOiSr VOLXfNTEEKS IN SPANISH WAR.
135
^ 0> ^ m y^ ^ '■
MJ^j^^ ,-H 0 TO
rt :i w S'd^ »:;
S^ ® 0^ J^
^ o 3 a; is
-T'ofi ""' ^
C fe'^. -■
•r-. .+^ ^ ?-; <
'!3 oiP*
rQ^
^^C3i ^.S^
§d>^"L2
OQ
&sv .a^iiS^C-
3'5^'M
^h- (V-i
5-^iic3„
;s£
•S •'-I I _, "^ o
00^'^^. oS'^.S^ • ^ " - . •
^as
2^^^^
r-S^ o ^ See ^ o^ g^: S^ 'to
oA^ .^ . a.„ 0^8^ d bets q ?i fl-s fl
&r)
o
d
%
9
^
g
s
3
pq
03
ft
o
o
h5
03
ft
c5
a
"S
^
cu
03
W
rf
0
4
02"
^
p
,0
fl
1e
>
0
0
iH
o3
0
0
0
P
c3
CM
a
^
^
^
g
g
0
-^
I
re
10
10
lO
>o
to
CD
10
00
^
a
oq
§5
s^
SI
00
Hosted by
Google
136
OEEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
H
P
"A
o
o
J
o
o
'cc o
5&
'H'^ 03 : 03-^1''—
■52 oSl^gc^:^;^
h^' 'rS '^'o
^^*-^ii^
2^
O m <
"-» t> .rH r ■ "*"
„ rSP <^ o oo . ,
TS-rH Hjt-H ° 5h S
-3 5 r^ ^ S
t^^^ -^^ ^ OJ CD ..
OOco ' S-*^ >.^^S -
-iJ ^ r-i +3 !^ ».rD rt JL +J ^*
^ fl'V^ 03 fl iS H*^^
a do K r? .-i^ 9 r^ ?^ r-t
is
^irt Pas
^5^^o
o S'f
O o
o 03' d •
^pi
■rH O H
00^ d OC
CD O) f;5
CD d^
s d d
'^Ar35^g
S|§3
^^ d'^
i3i (kI::::;:;
K'^-"?,^
03 4sJ
„c
P!=H
3 p^aQh5.r
c3
fl ^.cr-
03
d^^
d s o
OS O .^,
2'~§d"^
g.s<
-"■OS z,
O
^o^^-r eld's
cj I lilt's! oii^,-^
OS
o5
P
C3
a;
s
5
o
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OHli^GON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
137
; c 7- ^ o ^ oc -^
?3 ^ :
!m=1
^2 rig ^^ ^' S's^^cc • ;.-^^5^-' ^-^ ^S2 ;5"nM5 o
• •^ 02 O rH _
1§^
. ctl
= ci :
HT-S'S-^^2^ e^^2^
^'S^^^^ls^^- - - ^'^ ^- =^ --^
5S'5
;£^^s=
nis"^ 3 o o ^
7900 .^s'g
A P >^ C s "^
""^ "= ^ o o ■^'^
<j M =<-! t! s -1 _
"B^
^-r; c5
" ' "ij S '^ ^ "^^
r-^"-* t£ QJ '"^ „ 2
==^» SP '^^-^
_- ^ ?3 rj bi3,g
'-2 >.^'^ ^'^ ^^ •
s 2 >,c^ o i^' oj ce^
o3
Q
>^
Si
05
0
ci5
0
^
^
Oi
CO
LO
^ r~"
10
lO
CX>
10
lO
10
i-O
^
00
S^
S
25
i
Oi
1
M
0
p^
^"
H
s
0
0
Ti
w
w
w
Hosted by
Google
138
OREGOK VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAll.
Q
M
o
o
pq
o
o
Remarks.
Joined company by enlistment at Manila, P. I., Nov.
24, '98; assigned to company per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs.
2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98. Sick in
quarters May 13-14, '99, inc.: in Une of duty. Absent
without leave on July 16, '99; not tried; pay for time
absent to be deducted on this roll. Tried by sum-
mary court Mar. 9, '69, for violation of 32d art. of war
(absence without leave less than 24 hours on Mar. 7,
'99); sentenced to forfeit one month's pay; fine de-
ducted on Mar. and Apr. pay roll. No clothing Is-
sued by State.
On special duty in regimental band, per S. 0. No. 2,
hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Portland, Or., May 11, '98. In
the settlement for clothing is included the sum of
thirteen and 99-100 ($13.99) dollars, total value of arti-
cles issued by State. Sick in quarters (on band sick
report) Sept. 26-29, '98, inc.; Jan. 11 to Feb. 4, '99, inc.;
all in line of duty.
Sick In quarters June 27-30, '98, Inc.; July 8-11, '98, inc.;
Aug. 8-18, '98, inc.; Sept. 26 to Oct. 1, '98, inc.; Nov.
10-15, '98, inc.; Dec. 5-6, '98, Inc.; Dec. 16-19, '98, inc.;
May 12-14, '99, inc.; sick In hospital July 20 to ,
inc.; all in line of duty. Assigned to Company B May
23, '98, per Reg. O. No. 48, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Camp
Presidio, San Francisco, Cal., May 23, '98. No cloth-
ing issued by State.
Sick in quarters July 6, '98; Sept. 6-9, '98, Inc.; Feb. 27
to Mar. 14, '99, inc.; sick in hospital Mar. 15-18, '99,
inc.; all In line of duty. Tried by summary court
for violation of 62d art. of war on Jan. 2, '99 (neglect
of duty); found not guilty and acquitted. In the
settlement for clothing is Included the sum of thir-
teen and 99-100 ($13.99) dollars, total value of articles
issued by State.
Sick in quarters July 11-12, '98, inc.; Aug. 23-27, '98, Inc.;
Sept. 16-21, '98, inc.; Dec. 15-19, '98, inc.; June 6-7, '99,
Inc.; all In line of duty. Absent without leave July
16, m, and July 18, '99; not tried; pay for time ab-
sent to be deducted on this roll. In the settlement
1
1
1
Ashland-
Portland-
S. F., Cal.
Portland -
Portland-
1
July 11_
May 10-
May 23-
May 10_
May 10-
1
Laborer—
Shoe-
maker.
Student-
Clerk -__
1 g
Wash.
Or. ___
Or.
lowa-
1
Lt. Br.
Br. ___
Br.—
Br. ___
1
Br. ___
Blue -
Blue _
Br
1,
I 1 i I I
1
i^ ^ \ ^ I
^*to la , j lo . LO
a 20 1 CO . ^
S
fe
Hopwood, Olney G.__
Howell, Morris
Kleupfer, John H
Klum, Blaine ________
Lewis, Ed C. -_—____
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
139
§2g§'§3§£S
02 « f-! .y ■«-= ^ -T^ Pi J
c^'^^
CO^
=26
S§
^t^^-^z^^^l^^i^m ^'2s?
0 0)"!^ -"J
S d 12 =^
1-3 H ^
.. a ?=' _c 05
01
3
c3
5C
^H
o
o
P5
^
5<i
CO
>5
t>i
eg
^
^
o
03
v-5
c3
'd
o
03
fl
5£
fl
fl
M
G
OJ
c3
bfi
p
O
C3
r£5
u
03
P
g
Oi
^
^
lO
UD
»o
lO
lO
^
S
J^
a
cq
Hosted by
Google
140
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAH.
P
p
g
O
o
o
Q
1
i
Joined company by enlistment at Manila, P. I., Nov.
24, '98; assigned to company per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs.
2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98. Tried by
summary court Mar. 9, '99, for violation of 32d art.
of war (absent without leave less than 24 hours on
Mar. 7. '99); sentenced to forfeit one month's pay;
fine deducted on Mar. and Apr., '99, pay roll; absent
without leave July 16, '99; not tried; pay for time ab-
sent to be deducted on this roll. Sick in hospital
Nov. 27 to Dec. 3, '98, inc.; sick in quarters Dec. 30, '98,
to Jan. 2, '99, inc.; sick in hospital Apr. 22 to May 29,
'99, inc.; sick in quarters May 30 to June 4, '99, inc.;
all in line of duty. No clothing issued by State.
On special duty in quartermaster's department per
S. 0. No. 170, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Oct.
14, '98; on special duty in depot quartermaster's de-
partment, per S. O. No. 87, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific
and 8th A. C, dated Manila, P. I., Oct. 25, '98; returned
to duty in company per S. O. No. 154, hdqrs. dept. of
the Pacific and 8th A. C, datedManila,P.I., June8,'99:
on special duty in regimental quartermaster's de-
partment per S. O. No. 26, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Ma-
nila, P.I , June 10, '99^. Sick in quarters Sept. 5-9, '98,
inc.; in line of duty. No clothing issued by State.
Assigned to Company B, 2d Or. Inf., May 23, '98, per
Reg. 0. No. 48, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Camp Pre-
sidio, San Francisco, Cal., May 23, '98.
Sick in quarters Aug. 14-21, '98, inc.; Oct. 25 to Nov. 1,
'98, inc.; Nov. 18-21, '98, inc.; June 2-3, '99, inc.; all in
line of duty. In the settlement for clothing is in-
eluded the sum of thirteen and 99-l(X) (f 13.99) dollars,
total value of articles issued by State. Deposited on
Nov. 5, '98, thirty (§30) dollars with Major Sears; on
Mar. 12, '99, twenty ($20) dollars with Major McClure.
Tried by summary court Mar. 9, '99, for violation of 32d
art. of war (absent without leave less than 24 hours
on Mar. 7, '99); sentenced to forfeit one month's pay;
fine deducted on Mar. and Apr., '99, pay roll. Sick
in quarters June 26 to July 30, '98, inc.; Sept. 3-7, '98,
inc.; Mar. 30, '99; sick in hospital Mar. 31 to May 28,
1
1
i
'^ 7 ■ ^ 4
rs O , , n a
.Q ., eg OS
,CD r' 7^ ■ 7i
O' ' . O O
Ph OQ, P-( p4.
g
s
July 12-
May 23-
May 10
May 10-
1
, 1
Laborer—
-
Laborer-
Clerk
ll
U 1 ■ rH U
O 1 M O
t
1
fi 1 w p:
i
Blue-
Blue—
Blue—
^1
Fair-
Fair—
Fair-
.1
5^
^" lO I LO o
§5
,.^ i . ^ §5
1
1
Parsley, Everett B—
Putnam, Frank T
RadclifFe, A. L-
Riddle, Edward W—
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
141
- r*^^
^'-' , /^ _, 5- 't'.,^ , 2 f C O rH OC
oQ
:3 o^-g^'-^
•H I:^-B-5 2§ r.-^ ^^
• .'P-
". 3:^ O 0? v},
!-H c ;-!
fcJD
>.^
- O f^r/ O ^ O
^T o a ^ ^ o «, . cs'
- O v.' CJ •.
c;r^ +
I rpO
« rH CC oc
b..^
•• ^+-' i-< -i '-i^ ^ t/J H
^^wrO-t^^r2c55Z:3
,S3S a.2-s^<ig.2=^ §2 ^^.S*^ c ='1,'^ g.g-r; oP.2 "S-S'ggg-a-s- ao.2r--.Ss =
-^^=^^§=^2§p
3Q H, ■ GC
O
fin
CO
c5
>5
ca
CO
B
c3
o3
P
03
^
g*
32
Hosted by
Google
142
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
M
%
o
Q
cq
O
O
OrH- ^fl^Xs .. !>:> S Ol ^ ^H -73 -S
CD O^'CS -
d •'-' op ^ 0 r-J +a
"^ S 35-
T'1--'^-"? . .^ CO
odi^a>.
.CO
c3
CD >i_ . .^ .;:::3 o >s^ •
H "5: si-T'^ . • S 'So 5tH TJ
.... =«<^ .... m
730?!-.. 52 'doomcc
••HTti'Odd'5'*'DH
d
eg
d
d
c3
d,
c3
P
:^
d
3
d
fe
d
d
^i^
a
.^
5C
3
+3
m
m
m
^
0
Ph
d
1
a
0
dv
X]
QQ
H
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
143
-.mm
. -i . 2? . o
r^ O 02 5- :m C
3^ m"^
;o^oo
K^^dOC) cc ^ G (D
^)i^ ^
«+_i^ CO
Oi G •-bJD'C
.C?o G
o G'2 «^
C> ^ 0^ G »:^
Sg O
^w:
2^^?.?m'^:«
ce^2>r^S§br'-^'H
Ci OS
50.2
G^ -=3 -P^V^iSi^'"^'^
"^a o r^,— -G "^17^+-^ CO
nric^
^-l^"s^___.
0=^M =
^ 0*00
»OJ-fl'
^ G -1 o r-^:^ Tj t^ r,- tj TO .;:::
I-: CC GO
^^iSg
CO 00 .,"^;:;
■ >j cS «: !»
05^00:2
CO t^crs 0-— -
^^^£§
*^ 02 P<2
S GS ««
1-5 qS jH-c
oaJ G G
to" ^ o
• gS^I
cC
'^
r^
r^
t3
-d
Ti
tU
O
rt
G
ri
fl
fQ
C«
03
OS
03
c3
c3
^
M
;h
^
Ph
^
^
+3
O
^
o
O
0
O
m
Ph
^
pm
PM
FM
P^
CO
c<i
o
fj
o
o
o
o
•M.
«-).
>i
>.
>.
!>i
>>
!>s
>»
>.
03
G
03
^3
03
eg
(S
03
^
g
^
g
^
^
.
G
G
G
w
pq
W
pq
,i4
!-l
d
t-i
oj
'^
ce
c3
p
fe
«
fe
03
P
::^
!
85
cq
cq
^
S
^
S
.-^
02
j
1
1
!
1
f!q
pq
■4^
G
S
>i
w
<i
rr!
K-i
o
,^3
>s
^
5-1
^
0
P
o
fe
G
Hj
P5
^'^
w
<X>
X
o
G
^
-o
8
s
,G
Hosted by
Google
144
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
m
P
M
o
o
PQ
Ph
O
o
1
Joined company by enlistment at Manila, P. I., Nov.
24, '98; assigned to company per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs.
2d Or. Inf., dated at Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98. Sick
in quarters June 8-9, '99, inc.; in line of duty. No
clothing issued by State. Deposited Jan. 7, '99, thirty
($80) dollars withMajorSheary; on Mar. 12, '99, twenty
($20) dollars with Major McClure. Also sick in quar-
ters July 28, '99; sick in hospital July 26 to — -, '99; all
in line of duty.
Discharged June 12, '99, per G. 0. No. 54, hdqrs. A. G. 0.,
dated Washington, D. C, Mar, 22, '99; discharge and
final statements furnished. Assigned to Company
B May 24, '98, per S. 0. No. 88, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated
S, S. Austy^alia June 29, '99. Sick in quarters Sept. 29
to Oct. 1, '98, inc.; in line of duty. Character,"excel-
lent." No clothing issued by State.
Discharged Apr. 8, '99, per S. 0. No. 74, hdqrs. dept, of
the Pacific and 8th A. C, Manila, P. I., Mar. 17, '96, as
amended by S. 0. No. 80, hdqrs, dept. of Pacific and 8th
A. C, dated Manila, P, I., Mar. 27, '99; discharge and
final statement furnished. Character, "excellent,"
Sick in hospital June 4-8, '98, Inc.; sick in quarters
June 9-16, '98, inc.; Oct. 5-18, '98, inc.; Nov. 17-21, '98,
inc.; Dec. 30, '98, to Jan. 1, '99, inc.; Feb. 12-15, '99, inc.;
all in line of duty. In settlement for clothing is in-
cluded the sum of twenty and 85-100 ($20.85) dollars,
total value of articles issued by State. Due soldier,
six and 86-100 ($6.86) dollars overcharged on clothing
issued by State. Deposited Aug. 8, '98, twenty ($20)
dollars with Major Kilbourne.
Discharged June 12, '99, per G. 0. No. 54, hdqrs. A. G, 0.,
dated Washington, D. C, Mar, 22, '99; discharge and
final statements furnished. In the settlement for
clothing is included the sum of twenty and 85-100
($20.85) dollars, total value of articles issued by State.
Due soldier, six and 86-100 (-6.86) dollars, overcharged
for clothing issued Id v State. Deposited on Aug. 8,
'98, twenty ($20) dollars with Major Kilbourne; on
Sept. 15, '98, twenty ($20) dollars with Major Sears;
on Nov. 5, '98, fifteen ($15) dollars with Major Sears;
1
1
1
1
Ashland -
S.F.,Cal.-
Portland-
Portland-
1
July 11_
May 24-
May 10-
May 10-
-
1
Laborer-
Farmer —
Laborer—
1 ^
Me.—
Or.
Can 'da
I
1
Br.
Blk—
Br. „_
1
Blue-
Blue-
Blue-
il
a,
Fair__
Fair-
Pair—
1
^i 1 '^
^'lO i lO LO
!3l
hA 1 §^ ^
Young, Harry D.
Discharged.
Purdy, Edwin P
Dixon, Joseph D
Foster, Joseph
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
145
tJ-os
O CS
SCS
= ^ ajr^P
ff «u< "^ ? '^%,
,~ _g o
O O'^^ ^. c^ '^ ^ ^
0) -^ 1) >i
•-^asSI
a^-S5s |S|^^."^J|
J-S'f'o^^^'-''^^ ar^:^.2
"^ "2 d d r^ o "^ ►^ ^;::3 d::;'^•'S«^^-H «!rT<^„a
rH orj rU .^ eg a-^ <P '^ rd TJ Or!
|oJ|||llliSil
^ cSOD'd d»aQO
o
-d
d
d
r^ d
o d
03 «2
d
P5
s
d
^ 03
P
10
Hi
t3
d
Hosted by
Google
146
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
H
P
"A
M
o
o
o
o
Discharged June 12,'99, per G. O. No. 54, hdqrs., A. G. O.,
dated at Washldgton, D. C, Mar. 22, '99. Discharged
and final statements furnished. Character, excel-
lent. Tried by summary court Aug. 29, '98, for vio-
lation of 62d art. of war (charged with afi'ront to non-
commissioned officer while in the discharge of his
duty); sentenced to confinement at hard labor for 80
days, and forfeit one month's pay; one and 4-100
($1.04) dollars deducted on July and Aug., '98, pay roll,
fourteen and 56-100 ($14.56) dollars deducted on Sept.
and Oct., '98, pay roll. Sick in quarters from Oct. 27
to Nov. 14, '98, inc.; sick in hospital Nov. 15-25, '98,
Inc.; sick in quarters Nov. 26 to Dec. 18, '98, inc.; all not
in line of duty; Apr. 19 to May 7, '99, inc.; June 8-9,
'99, inc.; in line of duty. In the settlement for cloth-
ing is included the sum of twenty and 85-100 ($20.85)
dollars, total value of articles issued by State. Due
soldier, six and 86-100 ($6.86) dollars, overcharge for
clothing issued by State.
Sick in quarters June 4 to July 3, '98, inc.; sick in hos-
pital July 4-21, '98, inc. Embarked on S. S. Australia
for conveyance to San Francisco, Cal., U. S. A., July
22, '98. Descriptive list furnished. In settlement for
clothing is included the sum of twenty and 85-100
($20.85) dollars, total value of articles issued by State.
Due soldier, six and 86-100 ($6.86) dollars, overcharge
for clothing issued by State. On sick furlough Aug.
31 to Sept. 80, '98, inc., per G. O. No. 114, A. G. 0., dated
Aug. 9, '98. Discharged Feb. 20, '99, at Vancouver Bar-
racks, Washington, perS. 0. No. 25, Department of
Columbia, dated Feb. 18, '99. Reason, services no
longer required. Discharge and final statements fur-
nished. Character, excellent. Physical condition
good.
1
1
1
1
Portland-
Portland -
S
May 10-
May 10-
Sailor
Teacher—
ll
^ 5
1
a,
1
1
fi w
1
S .2
38
, Si
1 M
c3 eg
1
4^ 3>
^ lO , LO
^ ^
1
i
Wallace, Frank C.
Wann, William—
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
147
n>A .. -. c^ w Qj c ::;
>^ ii ci c« g ^'"^ ^z:
QJ 03 0^ 5 O-^t^ £P
a c CJ <q :« C ^ '^
2'aji'|o^;|'-
8i
^^fd
^T •
>>— < "O "^ «i-i r1 Ci i*
: >,7 C o^' ™ '^ F -
"5
•ft
fl ^ ft 2
Oi V2 O U^ V} IT!
- ,— ( +J .M .^ CO
□ S «2
O ro +f ^ 2 O) C p>^^^ ^rri
^ -.-
^^ rti^ cV;
.2 ^ <i^ d g ce
.258- §'^^
SgS^-2o
1
QJ)
be
t!
^
n
S
S
fT?
^
X!
©
rCj
cc
03
o
<
«
Ph
^
s
P
c3
c6
-a
(1h
J^ CO
J., a;
X5
f1
^
firt
^!
s
fe
^1
tti
bti
!K
CP
B
ft
ort
ft
-rt
5<1
^
Hosted by
Google
148
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
CO 'j-'-'S ^ S (D __,"''' o
r^ p 2 o s a ^ ^^§=2
p^Q CO ^ op «2 -
^ ' ^ *" s ? 2 "
M Vj hr 'o . b Jrt ^
w ^ 1, -^ -: a oi S "^5
P,^^+ipH^.^ 03 O ^,
be.
^>.^'^ ^^«:'g'S ^8^-S 0-"5 S Q bp'SS3.§^^^.^S Oon^.2
c«goo|oc5«.d
^'-t«
«; CS S SCa"^ ^ S G OJ ^^ STrtO CO .
|.2=5'^pgSB|.s^.sl".«-S|-i§
H
P
M
O
Q
o
o
g 5
o
c6
03
O
I
]
1
1
j
«
^
?H
^*
^
tq
w
M
m
W
m
.
<D
©
©.
CD
®
d
d
d
cS"
1*5
s
w
cq
PQ
ffl
fa
o
fa p
00 =r>
2 S
Hosted by
Google
5KBGON VOLTJNTBERS IN SPANISH WAR.
149
5 "^"^ .S ^ S d >
*~^rH c3 r2 'd ^
—it! O O ft 4J
^^ bJD-d 2o5 a;
2^ <*-! .i=; c^i 03 cT
^O-H CD
d^ >^o
r^5
50 O
o3 c2 TJ X2 ? H-, a QC d .-r^
O
^9i;siil^-i^o
gd2>
SCSI'S s^-ol ^2^1
CD c3 '^
<w o d.2
'^§^d
O bcg d
?^S^5d
-d o
;dO
dTS
S d
c3g
d a
S?^'
hO^"
•d5da^^3^X-^'d^«'
Too Gp:^— '(sjr!a3!H<x>rTy~03
J^i^^q: 03 g -. S d S-^^.t^ d J;?- '■
CD g C« » 4
O Pn'd 03t-5
d l^"^ '^
P^ d
dtf ^d
TO q;) Q O^
.=i ?5 ? d :
op
^3"
•d ,> ^
lis
5£|
d
:^
S .d
o
^ d
C3 CD
Ord
^5
Is
£ o
S ^ S - d
ta, M
May
1999, i
12th,
red o
B$ r.-0 3
3 ^ 'S d 3
S C^ O ^ ^
d ^ ii:! -^ ci
d Ci^ ^ r:^ oi
^ <^ o o 2
c3
d
abon, Pole
aign from
m June 2d
steamship
July 12th,
1
8
'--^ ^ o _r
o
c3 rt ^ d cS
g 1 '^ o "S
d
(H be J' O
fo
O 03 -2 ^ .'d
^ § a *^. o
d
aign. Batt
899. Pamp
Moron g ca
3m Manila
Francisco,
c3
^
t^
Ph -^ . > d
OD
H
g cam
d 26th,
lusive
ailed t
at Sa
d
be
d
<1
^
s
Pasi
h an
9, inc
e. S
rived
CD
o
§ S 1 -s ^
CD
N
O
ved at
tn San
xpedi-
rsenal,
rovost
.2 d
0
t:2Z<^
Oi d
<j '^ d a; ,
00 ^ a 1 i
oo .d
-d S
w
ii^ "-I
^ * ? t^ :2
+2 oD +-> 'd '-^
r-H ^ 02 CD 4J
o3 0
, May 1
13th, 18
alia, fii
. Land
Augus
+-^ CO
regon
May
Austr
t, 1898
P. L,
5l
O C3" ft 2 .
y H
73 ? 'S CD :d
1^ 2
d g ^ d d
c8 «H p 3 03
d ^
r t^
- ^ S3 =§ fl,
M pq
&i ^5 ^
(i; i«
Left Camp McKinl
residio, San Franc
rancisco, California
on, May 24th, 1898.
uly 1st, 1898. Capti
d
03 O
5 03
d a>
d A
%^
^.a
l.i
Ah fe -^^ ^
be "w
Hosted by
Google
150
OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
o
as
m
-2§
•^ O O)
«P o
■If hco)
g 0) cc
^.^^
S^^
p o
g.S 8
O' 02
•rH CO
;:: aTSC
o«
^^
TO
£l
o o
3'
<1
1
Enrolled and mustered in as captain; sick in quarters
June 12-13, '98; Oct. 13-18, '98; Jan. 7-25, '99; sick in 1st
reserve hospital, Manila, P. I., Jan. 26 to Feb. 6, '99;
sick in quarters Apr. 16-18, '99; all dates inc.; all sick-
ness in line of duty; in command of battalion, 2d Or.
U. S. Vols., per verbal order commanding officer 2d
Or. U. S. Vols.; confirmed by S. 0. No. 159, hdqrs. dept.
of Pacific and 8th A. C, dated Manila, P. I., June 13,
'99; Apr. 22, '99, to May 25, '99. Difierence between
pay as captain and major Apr. 22-30, '99, still due.
Enrolled and mustered in as 1st lieutenant; sick in
quarters Nov. 20-24, '98; June 26 to July 10, '99; all
dates inc.; all sickness in line of duty.
Enrolled and mustered in as 2d lieutenant; detailed
on special duty Dec. 1, '98, as regular ordnance officer
per Keg. 0. No. 190, hdqrs. 2d Or. U. S. Vols; returned
to duty with company, dated Manila, P. I., Feb. 24,
'99, hdqrs. 2d Or. U. S. Vols., per S. O. No. 15; sick in
quarters Sept. 2-8, '98; Oct. 13 to Nov. 2, '98; Nov. 27-29,
'98; Dec. 27, '98, to Apr. 30, '99; May 28 to June 4, '99; all
dates inc.; all sickness in line of duty.
Enrolled and mustered in as 1st sergeant; sick in quar-
ters Aug. 10-12, '98; June 6-8, '99; in line of duty; all
dates inc.
Enrolled and mustered in as sergeant; sick in quarters
July 19, '98; Oct. 27 to Nov. 2, '98; sick in 1st reserve
hospital, Manila, P. I., Nov. 3-14, '98; sick in quarters
Nov. 15 to Dec. 4, '98; Dec. 23, '98, to Jan. 1, '99; all in
line of duty; all dates inc. Deposited Jan. 12, '99, thirty-
five (t35) dollars with Major Sheary.
i
•1
i
1
Portlands
Portlands
Portland-
-
Portland-
Portland-
1
May 10-
May 10-
May 10-
May 10-
May 10-
1
1
Druggist -
Printer
Dentist-
Clerk
Teacher—
1 i
M o o o o
1
Lt. Br.
Lt. Br.
Lt. Br.
Lt. Br.
Br. —
1
Blue-
Blae-
Lt. Bl.
Lt.Bl.
Blue-
si
Fair-
Fair-_
Dark-
Fair-
Dark-
^,00 eS^ 00 ^ ^'
glO liO to lO »o
1
n ^ ^ §^ cS
fe
1
3
William S. Moon
Captain.
Robert S. Huston
ist Lieutenant.
Fred W. Haynes
2d Lieutenant.
Isaac D. Larimer
ist Sergeant.
Charles E. Currie — _
Sergeant.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
151
WO*" ;D fl O
Q; X5 Ol Ci l-( ^ 03 ^
-_rj» T'-^cJ I'^-'-^o CD J • isf^'iH
las&do-p&s^ssas
-d
3
ft
:t
§1
O K
rt
^
OS O
o
Hosted by
Google
152
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IK SPANISH WAR.
Q
Id
M
Eh
o
o
o
>^
<
o
o
§g^§»
p] f^ C3 fl ^ c«5^
■od^-^§
05 fl p cc
J a p,x3.2a2
c3
o
§6
o3
oi
5:^^
;3
53
fa
o3
Hosted by
Google
I ....-:: -j>
C*:
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
153
Q^o-
<D hr 3? 2S Si (D uT o^ I !- :; (Dhj'r
oC'.c<iooO-;c3 ^jc^o^-^^ CO ^ ^
^ S =^ t^ .3 Of.- <^w
Sofia's l^-«'?li-i I ?l^-|3 »in.-
-fbS^'^
■35?
5*S =
S ort S ,; S S,^ Si2»te cs S^ o3 s a ft"" ce
j^^^-S
•S^g'c!-:^^^_.
o3
0
o ^
o
Ph
P^H
Ph
o
o
o
>i
>.
cS
cS
ce
s
^
^
pi
5
OS
ft
3
1
,*
]
i;
1h*
u
u
1
'
pq
,i4
W
w
pq
W
i^'
M
p
W
P
p
r^
P
W
1
1
1
o
(P
fp
Q
1
o
a
d
u
u
W
M
w
w ■
pq
pq
pq
pq
eg
00
C^J
^
^
R
a
(M
S^
II
§1
i i
'J 1
r3 s
.o ,«
! s
Ph
o
P5
Hosted by
Google
154
OREGON VOLUKTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
H
ID
%
M
"A
O
O
o
t
o
1
e
i
•^Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed mu-
sician Nov. 15, '98, by order captain commanding
company, 2d Or. U. S. Vols., Manila, P. I. Sick in
quarters Aug. 2-3, '98; Oct. 11-12, '98; sick in Oregon regi-
mental hospital Nov. 29 to Dec. 5, '98; sick in 1st reserve
hospital, Manila, P. I., Dec. 6 to March 16, '99; July
4-5, '99, all in hne of duty; all dates inc. Deposited
May 17, '99, sixty (S60) dollars with Major Coflin.
Joined company at Manila, P. I., Nov. 24, '98, by trans-
fer from prov. Company L, 2d Or. recruits; joined as
private; appointed company cook May 1,'99, per Co. 0.
No. 6, dated Meycauayan, P. 1., May 1, '99; confirmed
by S.O.No.39,hdqrs. 2d Or. U.S. Vols., July 29, '99; tried
by summary court Aug. 21, '98, for violation 62d and
38th arts, of war; sentenced to forfeit fifteen (115) dol-
lars; record received Oct. 15, '98; collected on pay roll
for Oct., '98; sick in quarters Feb. 3-5, '99; all in line of
duty; all dates inc. No clothing issued by State.
Enrolled and mustered in as private. Sick in Oregon
regimental hospital June 23-25, '98; sick in quarters
June 26-30, '98; July 7 to Aug. I; Oct. 2-3, '98; Oct. 9-18,
'98; Dec. 26-28, '98; sick in 1st reserve hospital, Manila,
P. I., Dec. 29, '98, to Jan. 9, '99; sick in quarters Jan. 10
to Feb. 5, '99; all inc.; all in line of duty.
Joined company at Manila, P. I., Nov. 24, '98, by trans-
fer from prov. Company L, 2d Or. recruits. Deposited
Jan. 12, '99, fifteen (^15) dollars with Major Sheary.
No clothing issued by State.
Enrolled and mustered in as sergeant; on special duty
with quartermaster's department, Manila, P. I., per
S. 0. No. 70, hdqrs. dept. of Pacific and 8th A. C, Oct. 6,
'98. Drewcommutation of rations from Oct. 6, '98, to
Feb. 3, '99, per S. O. No. 73, hdqrs. dept. of Pacific and
8th A. C, Manila, P. I., Oct. 10, '98; returned to com-
pany Feb. 3, '99, per S. O. No. 31, hdqrs. dept. of Pacific
and 8th A. C, Manila, P. I., Feb. 3, '99, reduced from
sergeant to private Sept. 1, '98, per Keg O. No. 143,
hdqrs. 2d Or. U.S. Vols, Manila, P. I., Sept. 1, '98. Tried
by summarycourt Apr. 5, '99, for violation of 32dart. of
war (absent Apr. 1-2, '99, inc.); sentenced to forfeit
1
o
1
1
g
Portland-
Eugene—
Portland-
Eugene —
Portland -
i
May 10-
July 13-
May 10
J uly 13-
May 10-
Farmer __
Farmer —
Student-
Student-
Painter—
1
1
1 .1 , S, 1 5
1
>
1
1 ^* 1 1 !h
W h^l p^ ' pq h:i
1
1 0) ^ o) cq
H' t ■ B. S
CP W Ct5 pq ^
11
4^ 00 ^ ^ ^
^lO lO lO to \o
CM CO C<! Cq CO
1
Charles A. Cornell—
John Q,. Howard
Privates.
Applegate, Moray L.-
Anderson, Albert B._
Brumley, Ralph S.—
1
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
155
71^
'^ o
55p'^'^Ss 2 c 0).?. ?^^'^--
< cs^ o o
S OQ (X)
05 S H
4-3 «! CD CB +=
rj 5-1 > ^ O
3 P, § =^
■ C^*;
^5
r®
p3 :d -^ C ^
-"■- "^ c§ 2
5 .•"^"*:
Oi .^H
:F5^fl ^
p hC^ cS^SoT
■"^^ 0^ ss g
'—f.i:i.W ?
CC bJbo
ft-^ .2. ft'
p^;^
QJ O) ^ f' Qj W ' .^icHo •H'^ ^'»
?So^.od^'
^^o.^^a^s^^
^OcS^i^H^-
^t ^B i fl'r^g*::!;^2 ft§'S'^-"^-lB ft^^ ? ^^ ^^ tt.^^-^ ^'?z%9 ^.i^'^? ^^s ^.m ^:-
:J.^Hs^ ^o. C?'^?=^CZ2^tii O ^^^ goQ P
t: ^ c^ o fe s c. &g 5''; §;: ^^^ g^^.^ s ^§§5"i s^^
o
fin
o
CSS
^-5
c3
02
ft
tf
s
;^
ft
03
P
:^
S
o3
4^
;:5
,i4
o
c3
'd
O
Hosted by
Google
156
OHEGON VOLlTNa^l2EIlS IN SPANlStt WAH.
P
o
Q
9
fin
o
o
OO <D 05 t>>
J-J¥^
«GlQ -fl+^ CS ..30
o-*^
) a d
.9S,cSt
1 bCK,
cp
CSrl
2 OS 01 o
QjO^ CD
;o^i;s
i£9«S2=«
^5 t> - K^Ji 'O-t^n-M-^.QcDr-i^^pao
flio =i^?'-^;cH^ ftg'-^^
m
o
h
p
C^ iM
o
o
Ph
6d^
CO
(S
03
+=
g
^J.
0
0
&:h
A
GO
TJI
32
1 ^
i
i
0
c5
0
1
g^
1— i
^
^
0
M
, ^
0
c3
Q
^ 1
S
03
c3
^
g
S
Q
^
^^
g
^^
g
s?
1
g
, t^,
^•-^^
0
^
10
10
10
10
^'
j
H:5
s
M
1
^
fl
^
^
^
c
•^
03
S
X!
ce
0
Q
0
S'
0
.2
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
157
OJ-^ CD , O^ 3 o p 3
S"^ ^ !^ ..:/" . . M ^-1 M (D
0,?n rf c3 r1*^ W
H-^
. ois*^
f^i:;^
OOqo
05 j-i ro czi
•J^-2§2^>s-^^o
•^i^ -".err? -v^iSaT.^oT -^1^ r-"S O '^''O
3m^
SgxP^'^Sjs
-^ ►-, S O . -id '^ -'. -L o -
1— j"^ QJ
, ^.-i^^^C^br .^fl^^n'
o
o
Pw
T5
O
Ph
O
CM
o
(1h
c8
id OS
9
o
Q
>.
w
o
w
m
pq
pq
w
P5
Q
1
CD
s
2
' "i
3
1
M
J
1
!
1
s
d
a
g
g
CD
OS
i>
(X>
LO
LO
lO
lO
lO
to
lO
^
^
^
■" g§
g^
^
s
W
^
1
03
o
0
o
5
J3l
Hosted by
Google
158
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
S
"A
O
O
o
■4-3 "^ O
;^'6;:::!
«: .is 0 r^ «^ rj • r S3 O „ r/^ ^ d X] (>>--* >' OJ --h "^ &:
3-^-d«3 . ^^.:^^^^ 5 r: d - Joi _ a -^ «2 Lo
R ,1-3 W ■ B
' O '^ ^ d*"^ ...
di©:!? diZ^i^-ir
^' g^^ t d
cfidt^S^^
03 C3 H cS
d5t>>5^
r/ O <1>
d t: <^fe
rH ^ ft • -
Md-^^ o^
d
o
H3
O
o
o
P4
04
'c3
pq
3
pq
c3
;^
03
c3
ft
«1
n:3
d
d
^d
o
Q
03
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
159
- S O C
o o ct
^ .s
^■|l-|o|5|! Iff
S
g 02
; <^
w'2 C6
SIS'-* S^-G ^ ?- 2';;^ o j^ be?
,^ r=^ .,H -tJ +J O «M cr<w^ 1^ 1^ ;-( f^
s a >i r^ o t:
2 .
'x '*, '73 cT
t; <=> r^ •!]? a^"
7^ &
Z5 !^ c
o
• 1^^ o _
i^cj -en
.« ce^p^
3 bD"
CO 01
d-
,i^T
73 co^ a2 O
^CD c3 I o c3^
frt — I cc , • c/i' tJ J
'd
'C!
bo
o
d
^
03
1^
oS
c5
O
O
2.
2
ft
t3
05
Q
fi5
Ct5
o
o
p-
3
<3
o
d
^
c3
Hosted by
Google
160
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
g
o
Q
<
o
Q
. S3
«/ v t#j -- _i vj rj ^^ _□ '^
Q, Oi <H O^ t! -t^
+-3 tC Ci .S -^ 'S 'tis
*^ ^ r-l •'^ O) CO OS
^^ t>. - --> ^
- -ft HH .-I W ^^ 3 j^ 50 «
jg-rH 03+^ S^ Gr^O'^'^ a
;^ cc fi K ,C3 ^ K.^ijl Ci Vj r-4 ^
5 5'??'i
CO , . • ^ ' " " ;s . P^,co -
•=5 a^-oi^!§'^^c3 ^ 9
"^- Cf^ O'^ ^6
^ S iii rto •:7 tS ^ ^-^ > . ^^-=» ^
i t-o ,«5 -t^ n n^ >^ ^- -r? ^ '^ '
sS -~^;:^ti.ss
"Ti -J ^ fi ai
•y CO «* "y tT j_=
^ • ^ " - O r1 OX!
■u >< ^-^ ® t— ' .rt .2 , f-> *^ eg trr 0) n Oi ^
03
O
(1<
03
1
'd
,1
CD
0)
ri
eg
S3
(D
CD
be
be
3
£
s
H
H
xi
o
CO
>i
>i
t>.
eg
1-5
1-5
^
J
1 d
Oi
fl
i OS
&
CD
-d
|s
1,^
IS'*
:^
i4
eg
ce ,
s
s
03
O
O
Hosted by
Google
OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
161
5 i o'n^iprss'as'o
s c s br "^ m -^
'^^02*
O a5z!
cgp fafi-s p-
*-Ti 3 0) _ Q 00 ^
:c^^
<Vu Q^ip J aJ -» M O ^
> C -. ^ °Ui^ M2 ^-^
P'"'SlS'§§ •&= fe"«"'a"a^S'5' •?«0»a;-g.j;..c -iTS-SSC'^ces
^ rt ^ .^ jh AJ n fen ffi ts T3 ?n lu (-5 . '-I "S, Q crT -u
o
Ph
o
>>
d
^
<1
5
03
1
o
O
d
s
o
1— I
ft
c3
::i^
ft
:^
GO
^
oo
^
«
>
<v
^
^
ft
'
m
oS
o
o
o
P5
O
11
Q
Hosted by
Google
162
OREGON VOLUNTBEKS IN HJ^ANISH WAK.
^M^^^
CO o
^05 5 O) fH ^i'
' p
3 S+^ aCL-l ^ TAT* ? ^^ tJCN-^ d oJ-^J -^Pi^.rri d rX 4^ -fl- =? is h^ . _ £° r1 ^
Q
H
M
Eh
O
Q
J
b
<
(In
o
ba
50
d
d
W
W
CO
CO
>>
>>
d
'3
h5
"-3
^
^d
H
1
H
H
©
^
d
d
CS
A
h5
^
CO
<^
^
&f
^
a
O
m
tC
^
m
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
163
'So d'SflO
^ O '-" bX) :e
,5i
0?'
OD
Pi cs
cc
o^
^^ ^ t- }^ ^ ^ '^ © CO
'^"'^ >s r^ ^. CI -rt o -
'poo -r^c
o a3
^rr.
>^-JO -t^ 'Jr ^
S 35 rq "- Q
C . Cj-.T'— <
c > ^ ^
2S -S r^ be
CM O 3
I^S5
t^ ^- H ^ ^
5.^0;^Sc3--G "Oo
^.;3 Or£y6
-H Co:-'
— ^^'-^ ^ -^ ^Or-^ CSi ^^ 'T?,-^ ^ O
U O '^ .CD
c3oo ^<ri o
'^t
^ Q il
H^°H
:5 ''5 o" >^ =^ r; *a ^ 5
—I 0) c:; +j o ^J ';^ CM "-*
rrj fir's .•ffiK,^'-^a^ijQoG^ri+=
o o !-.
vq H, c ^^ O c3 1^ '^
-•S j;scs
o
O
O
S
PU
[1h
P^
w
o
o
o
1
I— 1
>>
>i
>i
t^
c3
c3
03
^
^.
§
t-1
o
a.
r3
o3 «3
P
XI
P3
PQ
3
«
p
3
PQ
eg
fe &w
i
P3
>^ I
p^
'a;
CD )
a;
0
52 ^
^
W '
ft
a
o
A
H
0
0
t>>
^
(^
H
H
s
XJ
B
o
H5
,c3
Hosted by
Google
164
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
H
o
o
O
o
1
i
Enrolled and mustered in as sergeant; reduced from
sergeant to private Oct. 20, '98, per Reg. O. No. 173,
dated hdqrs. 2d Or. U. S. Vols., Manila, P. I., Oct. 20, '98;
sick in quarters July 11-12, '98; Oct. 11 to Nov. 10, '98;
Jan. 2-3, '99; Feb. 7-11, '99; Feb. 21 to Mar. 11, '99: June
12, '99; all dates inc.; all in line of duty.
Joined company at Manila, P. I., Nov. 24,'98, by transfer
from prov. Company L, 2d Or. recruits; wounded in
right foot Mar. 26, '99, at Polo, P. I.; sick in field hos-
pital Mar. 26 to Apr. 8, '99; all sickness in line of duty;
all dates inc. No clothing issued by State.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; on special duty
with regimental band Dec. 5, '98, per Reg. 0. No. 196,
hdqrs. 2d Or. U. S. Vols., Manila, P. I.; returned to
company Dec. 22, '98, per Reg. 0. No. 206, hdqrs. 2d Or.
IT. S. Vols., Manila, P. I., Dec. 22, '98; on special duty
as train guard Apr. 6 to June 9, '99, per verbal order
commanding officer; sick in quarters July 9, '98; July
14-18, '98; sick in 1st reserve hospital, Manila, P. I.,
Sept. 9-18, '98; sick in quarters Jan. 30 to Feb. 1, '99;
June 10-14, '99; July 5-9, '99; all dates inc.; all in line
of duty.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; sick in Oregon
regimental hospital June 5 to July 4, '98; sick in quar-
ters July 9-12, '98; all in line of duty; returned to San
Francisco, CaL, July 23, '98; discharge and final state-
ments given at Presidio, San Francisco, CaL, Sept. 5,
'98; discharged on surgeon's certificate of disability,
per indorsement Aug. 5, '98, dated headquarters de-
partment of California. Still due soldier seven and
5-100 (pM) dollars, per reduction for State clothing.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; sick in quarters
Sept. 19-24, '98; sick in 1st reserve hospital, Manila,
P. I., Sept. 25 to Oct. 27, '98; sick in quarters Oct. 28, '98,
to Jan. 11, '99; all dates inc.; all in line of duty- dis-
charge and final statements given at Manila, P. I.,
Jan. 11, '99; entitled to travel pay; discharged on sur-
geon's certificate of disability under orders approved
by commanding officer, dept. of the Pacific and 8th
A. C, dated Jan. 8, '99; twenty-one and 56-100 ($21.56)
i
1
13
1
Portland-
Eugene —
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
i
May 10-
July IB-
May 10-
May 10-
May 10-
si
O
Teacher—
Farmer —
Laborer-
Clerk
Farmer —
li
d ^ • i 1
si
.2
1
i
& P p w fi
i
Blue—
Br
Blue-
Blue-
Br. —
4
fe &H &H P P
^■^ »0 ; lO lO lO
^ „ 'a §^ a ' ^
i
;
White, WilUam G—
Woodruff, Frank
Williams, George
Shelley, Walter J. _„.
Vulgamore, A. T.
Hosted by
Google
OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Ul
o
02 t:;
a ft
"So
ftO
iS i ^ |3 c!) ^ >^
cS ftc3S:-^^hr
fH Qj o ri « 4^ cs
•-' .a 15 c5 P^ c GC
a) •■-» • - X -^ ^
^1^
fl a> <i^ > oi O trt i- •+e
^ bi. P o a '^ r^
•r< o CO OS tJ ^ la frt
f5- OQ^-S r^'S ft
•'-^Tf-. a).^0 S ^ ^
'g^3Gc;S^5S.2S
m hn — ! oo ^ .^ d rH
||l§t|i|| fcl
3 " _ri C > S t-3
^ ^ '
<^ai
i'^So
'd ,X - S ^^-^ rr,
Vd ftS
302
CO a)'^-^o.2<=5'<::j^ .^
g ?!;H,4oi C« ft*^ 02 C^^ ft'd.M
s
H
'd
03
o
>.
d
^
^
H
m
cc
O
i
O
1
O
s
w
s
u
n
0)
S
3
1
'c3'
?>
tr-
r-H
g
lO
io
lO
lO
cq
?^
2^
8
Q
o
o
03
Hosted by
Google
166
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
H
P
M
Eh
8
Q
<
O
O
1
Enlisted for company in prov. Company L, 2d Or.
recruits; never joined company; absent on furlough
Oct. 31, '98, to go to Eugene, Or., by order commanding
officer, department of California, G. 0. No. 131, A. G.O.,
Washington, D. C; furlough extended thirty days by
order Secretary of War; discharged at Eugene, Or.,
Ser S, 0. No. 68, dated A. G. 0., Washington, D. C,
[ar. 23, '99. No clothing issued by State. No record
of discharge certificate and final statement having
been furnished.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; promoted to
corporal from private June 6, '98, per Reg, 0. No. 7,
dated S. S. Australia, hdqrs. 2d Or. U. S. Vols., June 6,
'98; reduced from corporal to private July 29, '98, per
Reg. 0. No. 114, hdqrs. 2d Or. U. S. Vols., Manila, P. I.,
dated Sept. 2, '98; in confinement July 23-28, '98, inc.;
sick in quarters Oct. 25-29, '98; May 22-23, '99; sick
in 1st reserve hospital, Manila, P. I., May 24 to June 8,
'99; discharge and final statement given at Manila,
P. I., June 12, '99, per G. 0. No. 54, A. G. 0., Wash-
ington, D. C, and S. O. No. 57, hdqrs. dept. of the
Pacific and 8th A. C, June 11, '99; ordnance and
quartermaster's stores deducted on final statements;
entitled to travel pay as provided in G. 0. No. 54,
A. G. O., Washington, D. C; seven and 17-100 (87.17)
dollars still due soldier per reduction for State cloth-
ing; due soldier per error on clothing account twenty-
eight (28) cents.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; transferred to
Company L, 2d Or. U. S. Vols. Sept. 3, '98, per S. O.
No. 144, hdqrs. 2d Or. U. S. Vols,, Manila, P. I., Sept. 3,
'98; descriptive list furnished.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; transferred to
Company M, 2d Or. U. S. Vols., per S, 0. No. 84, hdqrs.
2d Or. U. S. Vols., Manila, P. I., Nov. 14, '98; descrip-
tive list furnished; still due soldier per error on cloth-
ing account two and 54-100 ($2.54) dollars.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; attached to 2d
Or. Reg. Hosp. Corps Aug. 12, '98, per Reg. 0. No.
125, hdqrs. 2d Or. U. S. Vols., Cavite, P. I., Aug. 12, '98;
1
i
1
1 •
Eugene —
Portland-
Portland -
Portland-
Portland-
s
1
July 13-
May 10-
May 10
May 10-
May 10-
Farmer —
Student-
Laborer—
Laborer—
Student-
1^-
' ! ai 1 1
1 1 .^C! 1 1
.2
5^:
1
i
1 ! .dj aj 1
pq W . pq pq W
si
^c ^ , g g g
^lO , uo LO to ■ uo
-^
^, S5 ' . ^ s ^
^
s
Parsons, Wm. W.— __
Gilleland, Arthur L-
Transferred —
Huntley, Merritt B.-
Oliver, Geo. W
Hooker, L. St. Elmo-
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
167
^^^Sog^ll^s^^gg
.. -^ c p "^
OS
o
ft
O
-d
rt
O
pq
S
o
q M
Hosted by
Google
168
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
If- Plil. l|siL§lP UtMiB sr.i
3 S c^ i^ rJ r-+^ f3 o
t>.09=' ■ ^ ■ ■ ■
.».oo
^ § g'S
5,a'»
..-e-St^o
3(— )e._,'^ ^
O ^ S OD J^9 .^'^
O r^n r» WH-a TO)
Oi 3 Pl ,;
Q
P
o
o
o
O
O
o
c3
c3
-I
w
fe
;h
02
<0
cp
m
T^
03
S
41
O
-d
fl
-ij
cS
fl
g
t^
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 169
c3 Hn o '-^ 'S S 'a3
bon, M
alley, .
irmish
ne 4th,
899. S.
, Califo
ce trav
cj f> ^ S ^^ O fl
-^ O =» H, ^ O J
g 1 8 t^ ^ O S
-, S '^ <?3 © C3 'O
^Sg^a g^
unded
at San
■ong. '
at Ta
nila, Ji
SanF
9. Tot
Q WO
; one
Mor
mish
tMa:
ed at
h, 189
ve mei
h,1899
imn to
. Skir
399. A
Land
gust7t
. Fi
h26t
colu
1899,
th, 11
1899.
tAu
8th to May 26th, 1899
99; one at Polo, Marc
. With Hall's flying
ateo Valley, June 3d,
,ny at Morong, June 7
ted States June 14th,
th,1899. Mustered ou
1
H
:: s i ^ a fl ^
>
S
Apri
25th,
8d, 1^
San
Com
forU
July
i
Ph
0
fi
P3
bland,
, 1898.
el9th
June
ppine
Paco,
, 1899 ;
o
8
id at Porl
May 13th
and, Jun
t Cavite,
in Phili
lattles at
ruary 6th
r-i
1
(^
rd
g
Arrive
fornia,
uam I si
War a
clpated
19. Inb
on, Feb
c3
1
2 ^_ <d -rl (2 ^ ^GC
O
o
, April 29th,
n Francisco,
Qe Islands.
panish-Ame
t 23d, 1898. :
h to June lit
to Pumping
o
5
s^
J^
00
g
n cs .;:^ 02 oQ +3 03
,o3
led out at Eugene, Orego
on, April 30th, 1898 ; at S
rst expedition to Philipp
d, 1898. Participated in
1898. At Manila, Augu
rrection from February 4
uary 5th, 1899 ; Santa Mes
s
a
i
<s
^
B
to
'B
Cal
Oreg*
Onfi
to 22i
30th,
Insu
Febr
•S
Hosted by
Google
170
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
"A
<
Pm
o
O
^ CXI
COM
.T^ ..CD
9 -%.
^"^^
* n
a> c3 fl
P^OJ^,
gtr
-" ,J 03
OS-;:; g
CO-r-l O
Ph £ 2
d -^i
J a ■
o,d
^d
xnQ)
ll
1
Since completion of this roll. Captain A. F. Prescott,
was mustered out to date, July 25, '99, to accept com-
mission as captain in 85th U. S. Vol. Inf.
Enrolled as captain and mustered in with company as
1st lieutenant.
Enrolled as 1st lieutenant and mustered in with com-
pany as 2d lieutenant; sick in hospital at Gavite,
P. I., July 27 to Aug. 30, '98, inc.; in line of duty; de-
tailed on special duty as acting ordnance officer per
S. 0. No. 15, hdqrs, 2d Or. Inf., Feb. 24, '99.
Mustered in as corporal; promoted sergeant per G. 0.
No. 7, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., June 5, 98; appointed 1st
sergeant per Co. 0. No. 2, Mav 1, '99; sick in quarters
Nov. 2-23, '98, inc.; inline of duty. Due soldier S35,
deposited at Cavite, P. I., Aug. 8, '98, with Major Kil-
bourne; %m deposited at Manila, P. I., Sept. 15, '98,
with Major Sears; $85 deposited at Manila, P. I., May
15, '99, with Major Coffin.
Mustered in as private; promoted sergeant perS. O.
No. 159, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated at Manila, P. I.,
Sept. 30, '98: sick in quarters Aug. 15-21, '98, inc.; June
1-4, '99, inc.'; all in line of duty.
Mustered in as corporal; promoted sergeant per S. 0.
No. 144, hdqrs, 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Sept. 8,
'98; sick in 1st reserve hospital, Manila, P. I., Apr. 10
to May 27, '98, inc.; sick in quarters June 1-4, ^98, inc.;
Oct. 19-24, '98, inc.; all in line of dutv. Due soldierfSO,
deposited at Cavite, P. I., Aug. 8. '98, with Major Kil-
bourne; $40 deposited at Manila, P. I., Jan. 6, '99, with
Major Sheary; $25 deposited at Manila, P. I., Mar. 8,
'99, with Major Rochester.
i
1
1
i
g
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland .
Portland-
Portland -
s
May 10-
May 10-
May 10
May 10-
May 10-
May 10-
1 .
51^
Carpenter
Bank
clerk.
Express
agent.
Farmer —
Ware-
houseman
Wool-
sorter.
ll
g o ^ S !5 ^
1
1 ! i & «. M
U U ^ 'r-i ^ ^
M W pq 0 A A
1
W ■ W pq W M PQ
s 1
S-l ^^ frl S-1 'J fj
03 cS c^ cS oS cS
fe f^ [in &H fo [jh
1
^»0 LO >0 LO . LO to
^ ^ M ^ CO ^
i
5s
3
Austin F. Prescott—
Captain.
Geo. A, Hartman, Jr.
1st Lieutenant.
Prank A. Mead— — —
2d lAeutenant.
Hezekiah C. Cotner—
ist Sergeant.
William S. Atchinson
Quartermaster Sergeant.
Ben Dupuis
3d Sergeant.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLtlNTEERS IN SPANISH WAK.
171
A^^ji 6
S^^o 6d"o 6^'^t?;|gfo d'^'-S^^
ceo fl
^fi ^"" ;:;:^
8 5|2 S.S
O^ Cos ^s>
i^'^^
^^5^¥^la
• 5rt 2 --i ^ cs -! 55 P ^ '^
S
o
o
o
o3
p
pq
M
^'1
c6
g
00
OS
§
o
>-0
lO
lO
t-O
to
>o
to
^
S5
5^
c^
^
gl
^
O
Hosted by
Google
172/
OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAB.
. C5i r-H CO CO ^ ,
C3=^jd0
Or-H^ r^^ ''^^ S^+a
^"^1, 7i cS^'d .-lis
1s|cfdSl§1^
'rii^-u 5-1 C -I »-ti ?iT
^-^.P'fr^^-ge
(» ft^
■5-i-?;1.-a:'±
lO^in
a cpco fl ^ .^:3 .'g cp'd rt-S I O^ <j3
ft|a^-°^S
ESOA.'^OO^ ° 03 03 rt 2 OATS 1) 2
p
p
O
Q
di
O
C5
^d
o3
o
P
c3
P
o3
P
pq
o
P5
o '^
o
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
173
Ogc^o-^
d^-y >^'^
^_ Co -^S^^ooo
00^
^ S o .S
u fl ctj
ta >H i'^ r s ■ . fc», ?n ^J-* ►. • ^ -r-i ;r 1/-' Li z; :s ^ on <D
^+^01 OS 0) iyj
"■ ^ <ii 'V Z* '^ ^ -^^
1=^ "^s
'C
c3
OS
P4
jg
j
1
.s
]
c«
I
5^
a3.S
ii^
W
M
o
W bJO
O
1
1
u
f-i
5h
1
I
PQ
w
w
^
;-!
+i
pq
cq
^.
^q
fi
(D
1
o
0)
(X>
D
a
S
S
fP
W
W
m
W
^
^
;-
^
?-i
s
^
cS
<rf
ce
fe
fi
fe
fe
fe
::^
;^t
::5^
00
GO
o
LO
lO
)0
lO
lO
a ^
'd ^
S^
o
>
<
^
fi
K
ta
e>
a
f
<
Hosted by
Google
174
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
a; o':;:^ -Ci .-ii :M (D C '^
a -^^^ '^ <^ . o
CM
o;^
2 c3
SPh^^t
-^ CO ^
;a ^M H*3 g:^ © ^
'^% -r
t^ c^ t>'
oTrd -'
'f-* t_j"
03 {;_ -^ 1^ h-^ H-3
^Ph'toT
"" 0(0 as to"
^ .^ oa -d o ft ^
^ *0 t^ ^ •'in
S ;?" -fl ftp
O ^ co" O- O "re
|ii 03 rj i^i
^^ ^yj fl^
H cooT"'
. O c cq /-^ .^ C^
CO
;2 » (T) r- ^ '^ -i-i
rj "^CO !^ f-< <1^
' -e:! ^1 o ^ '-- 53 =5
*-'(^0^-3p aJtM OB
n
M
!z;
o
O
res
O
eg
Ph
o
o
, ft
fl
H
c6
O
pq
-(-3
oq
be
pq
d
fe
X'
:^
:3^
<11
CO
c3
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOI.UNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
175
2 GC Oi -■ Ci ^ .^ .2 t "^ "^ O >
%^%M^s%
-=C' >>.
cS O
!M
' O'
+^xi c 5 rr- -^ ci ci a.
'^Si^
(, tcco
>s
■sc;o^s--:^o-a^oo
^aji-~-S * ® O
H x £^ C ^ K *-!
B ■
r c3 'rt -^ "^
tJ ^ S V o '»'"' '"'
' 03 ce?
^
H^^^
■fc3g
O
5 . 0)^0 '^r^^'G 37,
S'd
^
M
fa
fo
^
fe
fe
fi
g
00
'■:::^
05
00
tH
g
10
10
10
LO
10
10
C<)
a
a
Oi
^
^
c3
li:^
.jH
^
0
^
a
00
a
d
03
C3
03
H
3
f]
^
05
0
pq
pq
W
C5
1
!^
m
a:)
tj
Til
d
«
<
•i-i
^^
^
OJ
^
d
P
0
m
pq
d
Hosted by
Google
176
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Oi ,§ sD O g p 5-1 OS
<M r^ rj;j fQ r^ Q^ CO ,Ji, OO Od' r^ (i
0-K
l§
'*S^.2d>.
"-i ,^ ^_" -*^ _' CI '^ -— ,
6 T^ ^
GO PI
p^ o -*-5 -rt i^ • r+j r- :;:i +j r^ <i XJ, m
9i'^
.^ \3 CD
,-P1h:
>i5
JP tJ 'C o '^
fc-l Ph !L, X3 .S O .pi 02 ." ^ CO
S ^^'l
oo'd O a '^ 2 ©
2 o « OP >,.2 tf
=^lla2i,s.sSI|^^°S^i
p
M
o
o
o
o
c3
'd
c3
-d
$-1
O
d
fe
::)^
:^
■:i^
c3
c3
Q
03
o
•d
Hoste'd by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
177
O
(D -
■^•9S2[2,
>>:
Oq be
fe90 J
%* ro •
eg ^J
ii^
o <^
i; t^oj o3 a;) o
■as .„
rC
n o ^ . T
'^'^ S^ ci2 ^ 05"
3 ^ •!::< :r (1-1 ri f» -.. c2 ^ rLi.
.^^^c.^
]bD.-^
19.^''
(1) ^ ^ V~
^ .1-1 *-
--r . . «i «i o
^
h^
0
.^
d
d
0
CO c3
0^
^4
0
^
m
s
3
0
1
W
5-J
fa
1
fa
ft
g
1.0
:::i^
»o
>-0
10
CO
CO
t^
^
QO
<1
O
12
o
Hosted by
Google
178
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
m
M
o
o
<
fin
o
o
1
i
Tried by summary court Sept. 22, '98, for violation of
32d art. of war (absent one day); sentenced to forfeit
$5; fine deducted on Sept., '98, pay roll; pay for time
absent to be deducted on this roll; tried by summary
court Nov. 16, '98, for violation of 32d art. of war (ab-
sent Nov. 7-10, '98, inc.); sentenced to forfeit 110 and
ten days' confinement; fine deducted on Nov., '98,
pay roll; pay for time absent to be deducted on this
roll; sick in 1st reserve hospital, Manila, P. L, May 28
to June 3, '99, inc.; sick in quarters June 4-17, '99, inc.;
sick in regimental hospital June 17 to July 15, '99, inc.;
sick in hospital, Presidio, San Francisco, Cal., since
July 15, '99; all in line of duty. Due soldier $25, de-
posited at Cavite, P. I., Ausr. 8, '98, with Major Kil-
bourne: $15 dep .sited at Manila, P. I., Mar. 8, '99, with
Major Rochester; $20 deposited at Corregidor Island,
May 31, '99, with Major Coffin. Since completion of
this roll this soldier died at United States general
hospital, Presidio, San Francisco, Cal., July 29, '99, at
8:30 P.M. Final statements and inventory of effects
in duplicate forwarded to Adjutant General, U. S. A.,
Washington, D. C July 31, '99.
Tried by general court-martial for violation of 39th
art. of war rieaving post); found guilty and sentenced
to be confined at hard labor four months in Bilibib
military prison, Manila. P. I., and to forfeit $10 per
month for the same period, per S. 0. No. 28, hdqrs.
provost marshal general, Manila, P. I., Feb. 14, '99; fine
deducted on Feb., Mar., Apr., and May, '99, pay rolls.
Pursuant to telegraph orders from War Department,
dated May 11, '99, the unexpired portion of his sen-
tence relating to confinement is remitted per S. O. No.
128, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, dated
Manila, P. L, May 12, '99; sick in regimental hospital
June 26 to July 6, '99, inc.; sick in quarters July 7-10,
'99,inc.; all in line of duty. Due soldier $20, deposited
at Cavite, P. I., Aug. 8, '98, with Major Kilbourne.
Tried by summary court Sept. 22, '98, for violation of
32d art. of war (absent less than 24 hours); sentenced
to forfeit g3; fine deducted on Sept., '98, pay roll; tried
f
-S
1
<>
i
Portland-
Portland -
Portland-
1
May 10-
May 10-
May 10-
1
1
Laborer—
Farmer —
Printer—
Can'da
Or. -.
Wash.
1
.1
1
Br. -
Light.
D. Br.
1
a 3 >i
il
1 i ■ B
1
a s
^lO , lO ■ ip
^ g^ a
t<
S
5
Doyle, James A —
Duncan, Ray--
Dupuis, Cliff -
Hosted by
Google
OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
179
TiO'^^-^oT,^^
" o
:=ti
- -^ « !h IB O
-TO
ii&§i§Fllll;3|i
at^i
'Tzc
QO
5^:
O C5 -^ '
. 3
sy^.^^
h: o ^ Cr'-M 5jjd^_j aj '^
r5 . 5h t^ 2
'2 fc o 2
^ G ri
^d t
J CD 0)
;_i C3 W y
(^>i h*D^--| Shi SlwrdOi
a; w '
o p
- CO
oS § S d ©M^^
. > <1> fl (T) •'H
'vR C3 (D '^ c6 a,
rB
£3^ rt ^ 2 b"^ ^ T!- ?J
03
iOcT^fl dQ;d
;«-
o
o
[1<
o3
d
^
-d
S
^
J4
cq pq
s
^ a
o
ft
o
Hosted by
Google
180
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
O
p
M
"A
o
o
>
o
o
1
i
Mustered in as private; promoted corporal per S. 0. No.
144, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Sept. 3, '98;
promoted sergeant per S. O. No. 11, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf.,
dated Manila, P. I.. Feb. 3, '99; reduced to private per
S. O. No. 3, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf. (in field), Apr. 7, '99, sick
in quarters June 7-X3, '99, inc., in line of duty; June 28
to July 10, '99, inc., not in line of duty; vSick in quarters
since July 18, '99; in line of duty.
Mustered in as private; promoted sergeant June 5, '98,
per G. 0. No. 7, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., on S. S. Australia;
reduced to private per S. O. No. 130, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf.,
dated Manila, P. I., Aug. 16, '98; tried by general court-
martial for violation of 38th and 62d arts, of war; found
guilty and sentenced to forfeit f20 per S, 0. No. 50,
hdqrs, 2d div., 8th A. C, dated Manila, P. I., Oct, 8, '98;
fine deducted on Oct. and Nov., '98, pay rolls; pro-
moted corporal per S. O. No. 194, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf.,
dated Manila, P. I,, Dec. 5, '98; reduced to private per
5. 0. No. 11, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Feb
11, '99; tried by summary court Jan. 14, '99, for viola
tion of 62d art. of war; found not guilty and acquitted-
tried by summary court Feb. 20, '99, for violation of
62d art. of war; found not guilty and acquitted.
Mustered in as private; promoted corporal per S. 0.
No. 7, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., on S. S. Australia, June 5, '98;
reduced to private per S. 0. No 148, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf.,
dated Manila, P. I,, Sept, 13, '98; tried by summary
court Sept. 22, '98, for violation of 33d art. of war;
sentenced to forfeit |1; fine deducted on Sept,, '98, pay
roll; sick in quarters Aug. 10-13, '98, inc.; Aug. 17-20,
'98, inc.; Aug. 30 to Sept. 8, '98, inc.; Oct, 3-17, '98, inc.;
all in line of duty; Oct. 28 to Nov. 4, '98, inc., not in
line of duty; sick in division hospital, Manila, P. I.,
Nov. 6-28, '9S, inc., in line of duty; sick in quarters
Dec. 1-8, '98, inc., in line of duty; Feb. 2-19, '99, inc.,
not in line of duty; June 5-14, '99, inc., in line of duty.
Due soldier $10, deposited at Manila, P. I., Sept. 15, '98,
with Major Sears; f 10 deposited at Manila, P. I., Jan.
6, '99, with Major Sheary; $15 deposited at Manila,
P. I., May 15, '99, with Major Coffin.
1
o
1
1
1
g
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
i
May 10-
May 10-
May 10-
si
1
1
8
o
Carpenter
Laborer-
Carpenter
II
111. —
111. —
Iowa-
i
1
1
II ^
i
Blue-
Blue-
Br. —
-
il
II 1
fa fa fa
1
- N^
^*«0 lO lO
1
^ ^ ■ c^
:|
Green, Thomas
Gunn, John E._.,
Hall, Clarence
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUlSlTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
181
^^"o' „^^ Rp5 - ^ ^_ ^_„ ^ ^
3 |ci'2&sp:!-i^r^2s.>^:;i=
.S.g oS-2 S g5 a =s.2 <» o co"S«-- S
^1 ^oliS-g^'fcg S&l^d iji;SI^?
c3
c3
O
^
FM
hi
1
1
5^
1
1
W
;-i
'r^
pq
PQ
^
;h
I
S-^*
pq
pq
+=*
^•
h:?
pp
(^
■%^
5^
'Ji
a
CS
a
fe
^
fe
;^
:^
CD
lO
OD
lO
lO
iC
IC
QD
CO
Hosted by
Google
182
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
o
Q
I
o
1
Tried by field officers' court-martial May 5, '98, for vio-
lation of 32d art. of war (absent less than 24 hours);
sentenced to forfeit $3; fine deducted on Aug., '98, pay
roll; tried by summary court Sept. 17, '98, for viola-
tion of 32d art. of war (absent less than 24 hours);
sentenced to forfeit $3; fine deducted on Sept., '98, pay
roll; tried by summary court Nov. 7, '98, for violation
of 62d art. of war; sentenced to two weeks' confine-
ment and to forfeit $5; fine deducted on Nov., '98, pay
roll; tried by summary court Feb. 10, '99, for viola-
tion of 32d art. of war (absent oneday); sentenced to
five days' confinement and to forfeit $6; fine deducted
on Feb., '99, pay roll; pay for time absent to be de-
ducted on this roll; detailed on special duty in com-
missary department per O. No. 2, hdqrs. 1st battalion,
2d Or. Inf., on S. S. Newport, June 14, '99; sick in
quarters Aug. 30 to Sept. 10, '98, inc.; Sept. 22-26, '98,
inc.; in line of duty; Oct. 29 to Nov. 2, '98, inc.; not in
line of duty; Nov. 10-22, '98, inc.; Dec. 21-31, '98, inc.;
sick in 1st reserve hospital, Manila, P. I., Apr. 14-25,
'99, inc.; sick in quarters June 18-23, '99, inc.; all in
line of duty.
Sick in quarters Sept. 30 to Oct. 4, '98, inc.; in line of
duty. Due soldier $40, deposited at Cavite, P. I., Aug.
8, '98, with Major Kilbourne; $30 deposited at Manila,
P. I., May 15, '99, with Major Coffin,
Mustered in as private; promoted corporal per S. O.
No. 144, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Sept.
3, '98; reduced to private per S. O. No. 183, hdqrs. 2d
Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. L, Nov. 9, '98; sick in quar-
ters July 12-19, '98, inc.; June 30 to July 16, '99, inc.;
all in line of duty. Due soldier 170, deposited at Ma-
nila, P. L, May 15, '99, with Major Coffin.
Mustered in as private; promoted sergeaTit per G. O.
No. 7, June 5, '98, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., on S. S. Australia:
tried by summary court Sept. 19, '98, for violation
of 62d art. of war; found guilty and reduced to pri-
vate and sentenced to forfeit $5; fine deducted on
Sept., '98, pay roll per S. 0. No. 151, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf.,
dated Manila, P. I.. Sept. 19, '98; tried by summary
J,
2
•i
1
i
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
May 10-
May 10_
May 10_
May 10_
f
J i J i
1 S ^ S
II
1 1 3 i ■
1
1
1
1 1 5^' 1
1 . . m 1
1
Blue-
Br. —
Blue-
Blue _
ii
i i 1 . i
-i
4s^ '^ j b-
^•lO lO ^ iO
1
^ ^ 2 s
-
3
Hicks, William A—
Kupers, William -__
Leavitt, Edwin E.—
Marin, Jacob C.^_—
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
183
PI ^>iC-P bD^ Or-:; c3,-^ Q^ ^0}
•^ c ir^ o^-^M^'^ t^ fed =i^
c6a:> •lO.-t.'TiS^ . -p^o— '5
C , S ^ ni <^ >^ -r^ <^
.c :i
lO
s ^ r^'^y G ^ O
o ci ^d .t^ '* !>. G
S^d5
o rd o .,
8B S^^-ltD^^-SSS^ afe;|^|cc^^ &.S|cc^g ?
2Sg
OJCO
o d '^
-lis
O 03-^
a,0 Ord-H
o
-d
d
o3
rS ^ ^
03
^ O
o
P WW
M PQ
W pq
O
c3 c5
P ^
g
g
CO
• ;^
OS
lO
lO
tc
!1D
LO
lO
j
^
DO
85
CO
CO
00
1^.
d
Hosted by
Google
184
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
m
P
M
O
o
Dm
O
53r/) o = 3 ««i«¥!39
P^ofo
<|a5
>og'^'^^S«2 >.a^..2-:
^cT fi.+jitj c
of 0)
53 CP.-Jr^
O Jh* ^ w^l^ U
•S'^'^^-g^ci)
§^"§
ii-«is-:a«.a-i.iiii&:i
^i:, o d T3 33 fi
i'^'^c4~-fe*2<^''d
° c !z +f - k; o
>o3HOd^ rO
■ ^ aj S ^•5^::i^
.. d^-i::Ss^o
o o i; CO
o^%as
^5 d
d "^
•^ d W)
o P3-
;dpH
o3
d S-^-S
w .uOi oo j:^
W^ r3 Oi'^ 0) d O
rd^^«= -, d-^ © G
a2
1
o
1
^ — , _ — 1^
rO
TIJ
13
■ 'd
d
d
d'
d
CCS
c3
03
g
^
tjji
^
;3
f-t
S-.
o
c3
o
O
s
P^
3
fl4
PLH
1
d
o
O
O'
^
s
>>
>,
>.
>i
1
d
C3
cS
^
i^
^
^
^
^
i^
c3
^
d
o
d
s
03
fa
d
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
185
M ^ . c.*^ ;::h -^ 1-1 ^ ^ •'2 o K*^ o
^
+3+"^ .esse'. ^
7:1 OJ o £ ^ -.(D— '
b.^S.o-o3s3
;> 55 o ci
• S O '-' ^''^
^g'HA°i&7-=^i'i'5
5i|-3S|^^f|^fi^jga^fi5
+j r^^ jv « -^ ^ o -3 ^ d --^ -^ += -M
^5-^"^ - O <15 fl
-•^v^
CL0120
ftl^^s ..'§.0
StJ^^'^'crS
l^af a« of £2 I". S2ii.2 g". S-o S-g S
g ^§ >%^:^ ^-So |.s3 §2'S ^.Sr^ d^--
M3-dn SaS .'OvH o . • rHQur:^ _rrtiil '^ f- ^'^
^f^
h-rt.^r
.Sw^lSS-^^if^s
03 ■
H'ci'd-a'd'o.ii^o
U'doo^^ jS 32^-2 ■ss-^.^g
C3
fl
fl
03
cS
'r-i
0
P-i
c3
S
1
0)
2
S
0
og
s
5h
rO
0 02
5-1
C3
J
^
g
1
i
i
'd
1— (
^
0
M
1
i^
j
;4
1
pq
»
PQ
Jm
+^
j^
fp
H^
w
fi
1
oi
oi
1
C3
J3
f3
W
w
S
s
^
^1
tH
,^
oe
03
eg
c^
fe
fa
fa
fa
^
::^
05
CO
00
LO
10
tO
10
10
?^
^
^
^
g ,
1
d
W
<1
fi
cT
t
d
o
O
02
3
Hosted by
Google
186
OREGON YOLtJNTEEKS IN SPANISH WAtl.
M
o
o
I
o
o
1
Tried by.summary court Sept. 17, '98, for violation of
32d art. of war (absent less than 24 hours); sentenced
to forfeit $2; fine deducted on Sept., '98, pay roll; sick
in quarters July 8-11, '98, inc., in line of duty. Due
soldier $30, deposited at Manila, P.I,, May 15, '99, with
Major Coffin.
Tried by summary court Sept. 17, '98, for violation of
32d art. of war (absent less than 24 hours); sentenced
to forfeit $2; fine deducted on Sept., '98, pay roll; de-
tailed on special duty at hdqrs. 1st brigade, United
States expeditionary forces, Cavite, P. I., per S. 0.
No. 12, July 15, '98; relieved from special duty at bri-
gade headquarters per S. O. No. 1, hdqrs. 2d div., 8th
A. C, Aug, 2, '98; sick in quarters Nov. 4-10, '98, inc,;
Dec. 6-9, '98, inc^* all in line of duty; Dec. 14-21, '98, inc.;
Dec. 27, '98, to Jan. 4, '99, not in line of duty; sick in
1st reserve hospital, Manila, P. I., Apr. 29 to May 25,
'99, inc.; sick in quarters July 13-17, '99, inc.; all inline
of duty. Due soldier $25, deposited at Cavite, P. I.,
Aug. 8, '98, with Major Kilbourne; $10 deposited at
Manila, P. I., Sept. 15, '98, with Major Sears.
Assigned to and joined Company D, 2d Or. Inf., per
S. O. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I.,
Nov. 26, '98; sick in quarters Dec. 5-11, '98, inc; sick in
1st reserve hospital, Manila, P. I, Mar. 12 to Apr. 1, '99,
inc.; sick in quarters June 17-20, '99, inc.; all in line of
duty; sick in U. S. A. hospital, Presidio, San Fran-
cisco, Cal., July 23, '99, in line of duty. No clothing
was issued to him by the State. Due soldier $30, de-
posited at Manila, P. I., May 15, '99, with Major Coffin.
Sick in quarters Oct. 1,5-22, '98, inc.; Oct. 27 to Nov. 4, '98,
inc.; all In line of duty; sick in 1st reserve hospital,
Manila, P. I., Mar. 22 to Apr. 16, '99, inc., notin line of
duty; sick in quarters May 31 to June 4, '99, inc.; June
24 tx) July 16, '99, inc.; aU in line of duty. Due soldier
$25, deposited at Cavite, P. J., Aug. 8, '98, with Major
Kilbourne; $5 deposited at Manila, P. I., Sept. 15, '98,
with Major Sears; $5 deposited at Manila, P. I., Jan. 6,
'99, with Major Sheary; $20 deposited at Manila, P. I.,
May 15, '99, with Major Coffin.
1
i
Portland -
Portland-
La Grande
Portland-
-
i
s
May 10-
May 10-
June 5-
May 10-
1
1
Wool-
sorter.
Student-
Black-
smith.
Carder —
ll
Mich._
Iowa -
Wash.
■^
s
Lt.Br.
Lt.Br.
Br..-
Lt.Br.
1
1 <©■ (D O
^ B B ' B ■
W fP pq pq
si
11 1 . . 1
1
^'^ ' lO .. ' ^. ^
§1
s ' . : • c^ ; ^ ' ' C^ : ^
1
1?
Sloan, Willis D
Soules, Elmo M.
Stan wood, Franklin-
Symons, Loren O
Hoste(d by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
187
I-'- 1"-^ J ;l i § § '0W3aM^
^Ph
iB^f^oTo^^?
CO . S^ C o ^ -r^ <D . .;:5 Qo , • 5 f^
^ S C c^ s_, ^
tM
^-Sci
'irT'^
!B.,-H
«ir i-^'^P'5 ait^^^S g.s.|sM^ ^^1^1^
!S^paiil^l^ll!ia^i i^i^^^% I§3|^
oSi
<1 H CO t^ CO
o
Ph
o
Pm
X5
Hi
1
j
;
^rd
1
02
o
S
3
^
1
,•
f-I
P-i
1
p:;
pq
1
Pq
u
^*
?H
p:;
Q
h^l
pq
ft
CD
d
o
CD ■
I
1:5
ji
s
S
Sh*
w
pq
pq
P;
Pq
l!~t
!m
^
1
^*
'cS
o3
c3
d
03
fe
^
ft
^
fe
::5t
::^
::^
;^
lO
to
lO
LO
lO
03
Q
Hosted by
Google
188
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IK SPANISH WAR.
O
o
o
o
§
i
Tried by summary court Sept. 22, '98, for violation of
32d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit $1; fine deducted
on Sept., '98, pay roll; tried by summary court Dec.
22, '98, for violation of 62d art. of war; found guilty
and sentenced to thirty days' confinement at hard
labor; in confinement Dec. 22, '98, to Jan. 21, '99, inc.;
tried by summary court Jan. 31, '99, for violation of
33d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit 1=1; fine deducted
on Jan., '99, pay roll; sick in quarters Sept. 5-9, '98,
inc.; in line of duty; Feb. 2-20, '99, inc.; sick in regi-
mental hospital June 24 to July 11, '99, inc.; not in
line of duty. Due soldier $25, deposited at Cavite,
P. I., Aug. 8. '98, with Major Kllbourne.
Sick in quarters Oct. 17-21, '98, inc.; in line of duty.
Detailed as battalion adjutant per G. 0. No. 1, hdqrs.
2d Or. Inf., dated Portland, Or., May 10, '98; discharged
at Manila, P. L, June 12, '99, per S. O. No. 157, Ext. 3,
hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, June 11, '99,
under Prov. G. O. No. 54, A. G. O., Mar. 22, '99; dis-
charge and final statements given; character, "excel-
lent;" service, "honest and faithful," Due officer for
two months' extra pay for foreign service per G. 0.
No. 13, A. G. O., Jan. 17, '99; for travel allowances from
San Francisco, Cal.. to Portland, Or., per G. 0. No. 54,
A. G. O., Mar. 22, '99; due officer for pay from May 1
to June 12, '99.
Mustered in as private; promoted sergeant June 5, '98;
per G. 0. No. 7, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., on S. S. Australia;
reduced to private per S. 0. No. 130, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf.,
dated Manila, P. I., Aug. 16, '98; tried by summary
court Sept. 17, '98, for violation of 32d art. of war
(absent less than 24 hours); sentenced to forfeit $3;
fine deducted on Sept., '98, pay roll; promoted ser-
geant Sept. 29, '99, per S. 0. No. 158, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf..
Manila, P. I., and 1st sergeant per Co. 0. No. 14, Sept'
29, '98; reduced to private per S. O. No. 179, hdqrs. 2d
Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Oct, 21, '98; tried by sum-
mary court Nov. 16, '98, for violation of 32d art. of
i
1
1
1
Portland _
Portland_
Portland_
Portland -
si
1
May 10-
May 10-
May 10_
May 10-
1
Teamster
Laborer__
Book-
keeper.
Clerk _____
II
'6 Ml i
' 1
1
Br. __-
Lt.Br.
Lt.Br.
i
Blue__
Blue__
Br. ___
Dark_
Pair__
Fair-
1
^^ ^ 1 ^
^»^ IC »0 lO
^ ^ '^ 20
1
Wilson, C.E
Woods, Morton
Discharged by order.
Fielding S. Kelly ____
^st Lieutenant.
James West
Sergeant.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
189
tto gi ^r5'3-^cfe J'^ >^ ??"oti'§ '^'oS^^yAO
-^7^ -J G o;^ ^.S^^/^rSsJ-cs -^ b G o >.|;^ g| . r^g ^
O cS oh •
C^i
<i> o^"^ o" d o "^ ^ ^
0=^""
H -1^ o. _ ■^cl .-, '±^02 . "— ' i^ OS Ti • m
%.o-
.^ c«'-^26S^gaP'2p§0
32
= f.;-.s^i.^.o>^
0^ G1^ ^O-Ohr .ii^^^'C^i .^'^'S
'^-^5^
'd-G
:s^'G
S ^ O
50^0
HG x-^
^O^^e^Gg
2 O Oj'"
^ O ♦^ p^2
jg ^
^ 2 ^
Hosted by
Google
190
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
m
u
o
o
o
o
1
Mustered in as private; promoted corporal per S. 0.
No. 184, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Nov.
14, '98. Discharged at Manila, P. I., June 12, '99, per
S. 0. No. 157, Ext. 3, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th
A. C, June 11, '99, under prov. G. 0. No. 54, A. G. 0.,
Mar. 22, '99; discharge and final statements given-
character, "excellent;" service, "honest and faith-
ful." Due soldier for clothing not drawn in kind, |20;
due soldier for pay from May 1 to June 12, '99; due
soldier for two months' extra pay for foreign service
per G. 0. No. 13, A. G. 0., Jan. 17, '99; due soldier for
travel allowance from San Francisco, Cal., to Pendle-
ton, Or., per G. O. No. 54, A. G. 0., Mar. 22, '99.
Mustered in as private; promoted corporal per S. 0
No. 3, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf. (in field), Apr. 7, '99. Dis-
charged in Manila, P. I., June 12, '99, per S. O. No. 157,
Ext. 3, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, June
11, '99, under prov. G. 0. No. 54, A. G. 0., Mar. 22. '99;
discharge and final statements given; character, "ex-
cellent;" service, "honest and faithful." Due soldier
for clothing not drawn in kind, $19.75^ due soldier for
pay from May 1 to June 12, '99; due soldier for two
months' extra pay for foreign service per G. 0. No. 13,
A. G. 0., Jan. 17, '99; due soldier for travel allowance
from San Francisco. Cal., to Pendleton, Or., per G. 0.
No; 43, A. G. O., Mar. 22, '99; due soldier f20, deposited
at Cavite, P. I., Aug. 8, '98, with Major Chas. E. Kil-
bourne; $20 deposited at Manila, P. I., Sept. 15, '98,
with Major John M. Sears; $10 deposited at Manila,
P. I., Mar. 8, '99, with Major Wm. B. Rochester, Jr.
it 10 deposited at Manila, P. I., May 15, '99, with Maior
Eugene Coffin.
Mustered in as corporal; reduced to private per S. 0.
No, 116, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf, dated Cavite, P. I., Aug. 2,
'98; transferred from Companv K to Company D, 2d
Or. Inf , per S. 0. No. 10, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf, dated Ma-
nila, P. I., Feb. 1, '99; tried by summary court Nov.
16, '98, for violation of 33d and 38th arts, of war; sen-
tenced to forfeit fl3; tried by general court-martial
for violation of 62d art. of war; found guilty and
I
1
s
1
1
Portland-
Portland-
Portiand-
i
May 10-
May 10-
May 14-
Occupation.
Printer—
Teacher __
u
Fla. -
Or. -__
Ill.___
1
!§
Lt.Br.
Lt. Br.
D.Br.
1
Blue-
Blue-
D. Br.
i 1
h fe fa.
1
.-^ 1 : ^
^'lO lO , lO
^ i^ , ^
Harry E. Lovell
Corporal.
A. A. Manning
Corporal.
Privates.
Boyd, Frank
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
191
' ■ — _, r-r; rl _, _*^ +^ z:
^ - 1 S S 0^
-^^a^'cJ^'d TTSi^'CS
r^i
St: Tig .
^sllllli&^dii
' =3 ^-^^^
°oi\.'^ n
^- ^;^^^ Brr"^ o^^ bfS".3 o-Sts bD^
2
bi)
03
a
^
H
h
fe
&H
"5
g
00
to
10
10
Q
rd
Hosted by
Google
192
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
M
H
o
o
I
Oh
§
O
3'SoiS^*1
ivi-^«'^=f§>i82g'si°
I Zl .* O C3
Qm =3 » C O'O fe P'S g" i-d JTi^-CS
^ . ^.y .^ ^ S ^- O j/ c3 " .5 a-d
Qt^ ce"^ ft'2 tt^^'^ <£^ -^ r'i^'S'^.
g' .q ,/a^ « « S a J^d ^"S =^ «2 d-ci^
•;- TA^dH goi- t!-S gxiH flOi- :S_^
d
d
S
d
rd »3
P
d
cq
p
CS
fe
pq
P
d
P
pq
o3
d
-d
o
H3
Hosted by
Google
OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH W4R.
193
ail
0? o
"'•^ rrt ;=^ - .
03
;h'
I
j
1
w
PQ
'
'
;h
;h
i^
fi
fi
w
W
w
0
0)
aj
1
d'
0
S
ffl
ffl
«
ffl
S
13
fe
"5^"
eg
81
e .^•
^<
c3
. 10
lO
10
to
LC
i3
^
25
g^
c<»
fe
-d
W
Hosted by
Google
194
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
m
Q
P
D
O
o
I
o
o
3 y^r
^ 6 trj S ift 't^ 5
<(J J^' o^ Pi ^ ^
20 ^^ ." -SH _j
^.^^
<!l<^
r/-^
5 =S^''m^'§ cs''as"«3.i
oi Sh ii r; oj
03
hp^p
S'dgo^^po ..^ 03-^ t^ oS^s^-^S =« OS'S
Si'd"' Too -^^Sr .„
io .-.o'Crn .-res «-<•«- L-Sia S'3
■^■afeS
o
1 1
o
03
c3
c3
^
-d
01
cs
:;3
J-l
O
o
Pk
Oh
o
o
>>
!>i
a
kJ
r^o3
c8
:5^
c^
PM
^
(D
o
ca
W^
-d
o
.0^
^.
<I>
d
rd
4^
a
s
a3
cq
1
1
]
cS
d*
1
1
1
>
d
o
cS
M
^ ,
fl^
^
^'
1
1
s-^
1
[
f^
pq
u
;h*
p
M
fl
pq
pq
1
ID
1
]
2
«
s
^
w
5h*
c3
be
d
rd
o
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPAMISH WAR.
195
ft'- 9^ ^ ^ !rf>-
<33 S
if til
d o fl c ::: >j
- ^ SOS
^- w (rj t^ bX) O
^ > ^-^ ^
wfS ^2 ^""S
hj^, d+j £;0 c3
OQ 1 « as ce . ^
_*^ ^ cS 53 (ti o O
sfeo§
^ c3 j^- d o q
l*^ C C =3 »
«(-i .^^ .« »>
•--^ j-j C3 4j" "^ -r; M oj c -^^ r • -
-^ S «w . • ©
3.5 M 0'-'
3 o pi -^ .i:i ^ o -j
^ fe S d ^ C S
ov. '.S tf rh '^
: 5 X3 "!::i 53 . -
:3 •-< t^ '^
egos pi oSxir:
B
d
'd -
d
d
d
c8
CS
03
c3
-d
:j3
:3
^
!;3
d
i^-t
u
<D
0
P
0
0
Ph
Pk
Ph
0^
Oh
CD
0
0
0
0
^
^
&
^
g
a
a
g
d
5r;
^
J^
0)
Q?
CD
3
1
g
0
d
s
^
42
P
So
C«
le-
d
^
hI
h:i
^
H
03
:«
-d
0
0
d
0
6
f-i
^
pq
pq
1
pq
1
P
P
m
p
d
c3
1
s?
<i
^
^
02
a
S
^S
.s
02
03
1 0
4 ^
^
H:
^
c3
1-3
&?
^
^
0)
&J0
P
0
c3
Q
CU
Hosted by
Google
196
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
o
R
O
o
c3 -^ •
a 5 ;
^ Ph
c5
53 -d ^
ft d
c3,
d ^
be fH
:S d
ft d
^ 0) r- 1
O! b. (»
I— I ^ c8
H- .c^ 5 n ^
kfS ^ d
' '-^ d '^
! (S d o
d -^
. d
■^ p.
ft ^-^
d 03 >j
d cc i-H
T3 P^ S
.S -d S
Ill
>?-s i
d
d
^ S d
rb4
^%
n o
■o
'r^ ^
^
f.^
Is
CD o
jd
K (k
^
d-s
3 f-<
• w d 2
I - 8 ^
j o 'd c6
; 's =^ a
J E ft o)
3 0^ O +;.
d S *^
iS - ""^
GO n-5
rH ^ be
r cS d
:d ^ ^
'ft §g
< ^ ^
^ a f s
OJ 03
2 Q 2
3
d
d <=>
d ^
S -d
^ ^d 4^ -^
d -- 03 ^
^ d &£
jj o d
^ ^ 'S
3 a
d 25
O -T
O
"-< cx) d
rt 5
O 0)
S CD M rrj
r-f 00 -^ 'g
a :S
" d
5 o
CO 4h
' ""^ «^
^ ^ 3
GO CO
^ cq ■
^ a re
ft :3
c3 f-i ^ Ph o
&3 ^
ai d
Mi d
OO 00
Oi OS
OO 00
d a
^ .lis +3
*"! d rs
-^ d
^ B ^ ^
c3
03
03
P4
c3, c8
C3 O r^ ^
•^ I. ^ §
03 O
3 -d +^
^ d O ^03
d o3 Jj M
' bJO XJ t2 >^
OS
;a
^ ^ © o
S -^
I TS OO
=^-3 2
e 5 g i^ '^
Oh S
:d d
d ^
03 5C
S P
be fH
S ^
^-^
ft ^
•S «
^ <
fH oi '^ © +j
d g ;>, d fl
H-^ s 'g S 3 I § g
^ fee -S 0? ^ 2 ?^ , E
^<
:d g 4
? ? S
ft .2
r-. 5^^ !M (^ >? ,
-d
I d
. 03
bb^
d ^
a §
be ^
c3
be
S^
d 'd
c3 d
a §
iJ 'd ■" 55
. "S ^ o ^
> O o u m
=« " I?
•^8 3 >
s s I ^
^ Q d
Jd 03
g ^ ^^
:S -d
CO ci
^•-f^
-a a
o3 00 i«q P4
m' • 22 ^
. <l O M
OO a
OS p
00 be
S 5^ >.
.^ • ^ «2 d^
r-i o3 Q d (d
r-* ^ "H 00
'd ^
d p,
=^ 03
ft d
^•^ ft c^i
P d S -g M
OO
u d
^"^ -g 3 M
d d
e3 cS
00 O!
a 5
d
c3
ft
m
nd
3
as g
o ^' 'd
ft -d
d
03 .
1^
^
aS
Q 3
o
- Sh
o3
. Jf ft <1
i jd "^ 3
I' ^ c3 I>
I ^ o £
d r^
^^ ^ a
S ^ g d
§ 3 M ft
- ^ ^' I
oj ■ d:3 a:)
d tT d -i4
a m ^ ^
Hosted by
Google
OKEGON VOLUNTEEtlS IN SPANISH WAR.
197
•J
a-
o
Q
C
S
a
o
d O
o
oo
a gee
"SI
!»0
>iO c3
S .1
CD ^
|5
i; cofH (^
GO tc; C) o
-ml
8^.1 fl-^'
■a.|s
» o
t5 <»
S c3 a ..
- ° as
so8§
O bf}^ d
Sm l!-i > o
^g'^So^ sag.2.2
^^ choice
«) a> © ^j ^-1
55,a =s ^ O
2 o
Sr^
9^ ./-:!Z(
H-i TO J I) ^ 0) ?^ d CO c5 '(->
c/Too"
OJ (^ O ©
_;-.rt -^ -^ ?i
^^ s a cs
1-5 rH .^ .^ CJ
S* O f-i !» ci
6Paa5^
ai-3 OD o lo'O
o
-d
o
3
PQ W
^
fe
03
""■"ST
^1
o
Eh
Si
o
PL,
o3
3
c6
Hosted by
Google
198
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
ft
W,
ID
t?;
M
Eh
O
o
Oh
S
o
Q
Remarks.
Enrolled and mustered in as corporal; appointed ser-
geant May 13, '98, per G. 0. No. 7, May 13, '98; appointed
quartermaster sergeant, per Co. 0. No. 11, May 1, '99;
sick in quarters, in line of duty, Oct. 21-:^, '98, inc.,
and Mar. 10-12, '99, inc. In the settlement for cloth-
ing is included $11.10, total value for clothing issued
him by the State. Deposited Aug. 8, '98, with Major
Kilbourne $40; Nov. 5, '98, with Major Sears, $10; Jan.
9, '99, with Major Sears, $10.
Detailed as clerk in brigade headquarters, per S. O.
No. 4, June 25, '98; relieved from special duty at bri-
gade headquarters, per S. O. No. 47, 1st div., 8th A. C,
May 31, '99; relieved as quartermaster sergeant and
appointed duty sergeant, per Co. 0. No. 11, May 1, '99;
sick in division hospital Mar. 24-28, W, inc., in line
of duty; in quarters June 28 to July 12, '99, inc., in line
of duty. In the settlement for clothing is included
$11.16, total value of clothing issued bim by the State.
Enrolled and mustered in as corporal; appointed as
sergeant, per Reg. S. 0. No. 190, Nov. 30, '98; sick in
quarters, in line of duty, June 8-11, '99, inc.; June 20
to July 12, '99, inc.; July*16-27, '99, inc.; in line of duty.
In the settlement for clothing is included $11.16, total
value of clothing issued him by the State. Deposited
Nov. 5, '98, with Major Sears, $20.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed cor-
poral, per Reg. S. 0. No. 169, Nov. 25, '98; appointed
sergeant, per Reg. S. 0. No. 17, Mar. 2, '99; sick in
quarters, in line of duty, Oct. 5-31, '98, inc.; tried by
summary court Sept. 17, '98, for violation of 32d art. of
war (absence without leave 24 hours); sentenced to
forfeit $5; fine deducted on Oct. pay roll; tried by
summary court Sept. 22, '98, for violation of 32d art.
of war (absence without leave 48 hours), and for viola-
tion of 33d art. of war (absent from guard mount and
from retreat); sentenced to forfeit $15; fine deducted
on Oct. pay roll; pay for time absent to be deducted
on this roll. In the settlement for clothing is included
$11.16, total valueof clothing issued him by the State.
Deposited Mar. 8, '99, with Major Rochester, $10.
i
1
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
1
May 12_
May 12_
May 12_
May 12_
i
a
o
Waiter-..
Clerk
Clerk
Musician
il
03 1 1 1 ,
^ . I .
d "■■ 2 &: '5 "
g g O Q
•2
1
1
WW ■ .d
Q Hi w ^3
1
d! ' S <x) o
d d d d
W w W w
S .2
U u 'J, y,
II i 1
^-^ g ^ g
^lO »0 lO LO
^ . ^ c^ ?5
3
Harry J. Hayes
2d Sergeant.
Rezin D.Hewitt
3d Sergeant.
Harry Anderson
4th Sergeant.
Theodore L. Gamble-
Wi Sergeant.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
199
Silo's
ags-§
Qa.2,
^^^ ^
.^K ft
• ^ bjc-r; CB '
O r< a s
fl > "i^
QOi O
&JD.T:
O O cS 3^ =2
. '^
«n
CO ,:
■ ■ ^- u./ 1^ ^* "p^ f_| 53
o ci^ S '• ^
Z^"
"■* o o ^
of 2 ^ ft -^-- i
!-;" 3D <D 0) CC
.OJ4 c3 0 2 p^
so
m H
^*
o**"^
2 02
t5 5; ^
^^i C
^>'d
sr.^.1^.-^^.
o lodge §55^ §oi5|^.§
q O
TS
T^
'TIS
T3
ts
'tJ
-c
a
fl
fl
a
s
CS
c3
03
03
o3
oe
c3
!3
43
+3
?H
s^
^
S-i
?-(
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Pu
Ph
Pk
Pk
Pm
(1^
Oh
!M
(M
CM
cq
d
b-
>i
>,
>.
>»
>>
0)
©
di
c3
03
03
03
rSj
g
S
^
g
^
3
s
P
(D
c3
4s^
^
-isl
fl
a
^
a
bD
0
0
0
2?
0
d
0
Q
0
H
s
6
3
^
t>
OQ
M
0
M
0
1
;_
1
1
1
1
1
p:i
PP
PP
'
1
1-
'
U
Jh
^H
Lh
Q
^
fi
PQ
PP
PP
w
s
g
&
s
d
^
£
2^
CD
0
10
00
lO
10
LO
10
10
10
10
0 s
ocS
^
Ph
r/;
0
<i
a
Ph
9
he
w
w
1 1
Hosted by
Google
200
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
m
M
Eh
!z;
o
o
a.
1
Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed lance
corporal per Reg. S. 0. No. 190, Nov. 30, '98; appointed
corporal per Reg. S. 0. No. 204, Dec. 17, '98; sick in line
of duty in quarters July 29 to Aug. 2, '98, inc.; Feb. 8 to
Mar. 10, '99, inc. In the settlement for clothing is in-
cluded $11.16, total value of clothing issued him by
the State. Deposited Aug. 8, '98, with Major Ohas. E.
Kilbourne, $30; Nov. 5, '98, with Major John M. Sears,
$50; Mar. 11, '99, with Major John M. Sears, |20; May
15, '99, with Major Eugene Coffin, $20.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed cor-
poral per Reg. S. 0, No, 17, Mar. 2, '99; joined company
per S. O. No. 119, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th
A. C, Nov. 24, '98; sick in quarters, in line of duty,
May 28 to June 1,'99, inc. No clothing issued him by
the State.
Enrolled and mustered In as private; appointed cor-
poral per Reg. S. O. No. 19, Mar. 4,'99; sick in quarters,
in line of duty, June 7-13, '98, inc.; July 7-9, '98, inc.;
July 11-15, '98, inc.; Dec. 29, '98, to Jan. 3, '99, inc.; Mar.
26 to May 18, '99, inc., in division hospital. In the
settlement for clothing is included $11.16, total value
of clothing issued him by the State.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed cor-
poral per S. O. No. 3, field series, Mar. 16, '99; sick in
quarters, in line of duty, Sept. 13 to Oct. 4, '98, inc.; in
division hospital Nov. 8 to Dec. 18, '98, inc. Deposited
Aug. 8, '98, with Major C. E. Kilbourne, $15; Sept. 21,
'98, with Major John M. Sears, $5; May 15, '99, with
Major Eugene Coffin, $30. In the settlement for cloth-
ing is Included $11.16, total value of clothing Issued
him by the State.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed cor-
poral per Reg. S. O. No. 28, June 22, '99; sick in quarters,
in line of duty, July 8-11, '98, inc.; Aug. 25-27, '98, inc.;
in division hospital Dec. 13, '98, to Jan. 3, '99, inc.; in
quarters Mar. 26-28, '99, inc. In the settlement for
clothing is included $11.16, total value of clothing
issued him by the State.
i
1
1
i
Portland-
-
Roseburg
Portland-
Portland.
Portland-
1
May 12.
July 21..
May 12_
May 12„
May 12-
5 '
-
Laborer-
Farmer __
Engraver
Student-
Carpenter
1
g
o
Eng. -
Or. —
Minn.
Iowa_
Texas
t
1
Lt.Br.
Lt.fir.
D. Br.
Br.—
1
Blue-
Blue-
Blue-
Br.—
Blue-
^1
(S d Qj C3 (^ ,
1
giO ,,' ■ LO to to to
1,
■g ^ ^ ,2 ■ ,;S '
James Mead __
Corporal,
Frederick T. Smith__
Corporal.
Clarence 0. English—
Corporal.
Veii L. Masten— .
Corporal.
Edward D, Oeseh
Corporal.
Hosted by
Google
*r*'
"jm-
it^^^x-;^:Lfcii::5e
:^f-m ' >:^' y ;; ■ ■ ■ ^r^ ^^-"-^ H^ |p5'
£fm'f:. _Ll^
.i^fef' -.
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
201
15 £
bD.
>,C J
f-i Q> O S+= ^,
rt r#i C r/) '^ r« :-< T5 ^ O ,
f^ CC f^ 02
>.iq a s^* a^ 5 — g 1 1 5.^-S|-53M ?-^^.§•2^5^s
o§^,9?S-
9ap'd'3'g^
O 02
<tH OD
bfi
1 1 l^ll^slSli^lslll l^-|s-||p s lllssll's il^5<^5l^a J|.s2
c8
o
o
Ph
o
OS
P4
P^ s
j
, 'd
. d
j
!
^^
iiB
gg
cs3
8^
1'^
ce
;-!
^
(£
^
0
c
1
1
^
}
%4
pq
1
1
M
1
pq
;-i
u
i^
3
pq
pq
h5
pq
nq
03
^
1
CP
0)
0
r:J
3
pq
::i
::i
s
3
pq
pq
M
p:;
1
^
•S
'3
[Z4
fe
fe *
fe
fe
fe
^
C6
g
^
^
lO
10
10
iO
10
lO
^
<M
^
55
^
^1
d 1
t^.i
!«
i ^
03
11
Jt
S|
;ri
• w
^
<
Hosted by
Google
202
OliEGON VOLUNTEERS iN SPANISH WAR.
52;
M
o
o
J
o
1
Joined company by enlistment per S.O. No. 119,hdqrs.
dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, Nov. 24, '98; sick in
quarters in line of duty Sept. 21 to Oct. 10, '98, inc.;
Dec. 28, '98, to Jan, 3, '99, inc.; in hospital Jan. 9 to
Apr. 11, '99, inc. Deposited May 15, '99, with Major
Eugene Coffin, $25. No clothing issued him by the
State.
Sick in quarters in line of duty Jan. 28 to Feb. 21, '99,
inc. In the settlement for clothing is included $11.16,
total value of clothing issued to him by the State.
Deposited Nov. 5, '98, with Major J. M. Sears, $10.
Sick in regimental hospital in line of duty Jan. 22 to
Feb. 1, '99, inc. In the settlement for clothing is in-
cluded $11.16 total value of clothing issued him by
the State. Deposited Aug. 8, '98, with Major Kil-
bourne, $15; May 15, '99, with Major Coffin, $20.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed com-
pany cook per Reg. 0. No. 9, Jan. 1, '99; sick in quar-
ters, in line of duty. Sept, 28 to Oct. 4, '98, inc.; Oct.
5-14, '98, inc.; Nov. 17-19, '98. inc.; Dec. 14-16, '98, inc.;
in division hospital Apr. 9-27, '99, inc.; May 30 to June
4, '99, inc.- detailed in commissary department July
8, '98, per Reg. O. No. 9, July 8, '98; relieved from spe-
cial duty per Reg. G. 0. No. 10, Aug. 12, '98. In the
settlement for clothing is included $11.16, total value
of clothing issued him by the State.
Sick in quarters, in line of dutv, July 8-10, '98, inc.; Oct.
8-16, '98, inc.; Jan. 2-11, '99, inc. In the settlement for
clothing is included $11.16, total value of clothing
issued him by the State, Deposited May 15, '99, with
Major Coffin, $15.
Sick in quarters, in lineof dutv, June 16-21, '98, inc. In
the settlement for clothing is included $11.16, total
value of clothing^ issued him by the State. Deposited
Aug. 8, '98, with Major Kilboiirne, $45; Nov. 5, '98,
with Major Sears, $25.
Enrolled and mustered in as sergeant; reduced to pri-
vate per S. 0. No. 1 (field series), 2d Or. Inf., Mar. 16,
'99. In the settlement for clothing is included $11.16,
total value of clothing issued him by the State.
1
1,
1
1
1
1
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland -
1
>>
May 12_
May 12-
May 12-
May 12-
May 12_
May 12-
s
i
0
1
Teamster
Farmer__
Laborer-
Painter.-
-
Helper —
Printer __
1
.• g
M
1 ^ \ ^ i
1
i
^
24
1 1 1 1 1 ^'
I , , . 1 pq
M pq cq pq pq h3
1
1
Br. ___
Blue -
Br. „_
Gray-
Br. _-
Blue -
• s
1
•^. ? '? . '? '? '^
hq fe ^ ' fe fe ta
i
._ ---
^ ^ ^ ^00 ^
^"^
LO to LO 10 10 10
^
8^ S ^ S5 ' a ' ^'
1
oT
he
Babb, Andrew A.____
Basey, Robert W
Bebb, John E
Boynton, Clyde
Bradley, Alfred L— _
Brown, Allen M
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
203
'-^'^^ToB.ik^
w o^ ^. ^ ss
I .^ !4_| — I
£>• S3 S q
iiiiKi^i |e^:iii!iif ^^Ei II i Ills:
§!'ofl£dajS3^-s:-S-OSo ■ .„ ,
xiSsg toad Ma3a-^OQ.^-c2 .omco S d^ aO g c >; ao'S oj^^^-,
&§? 1 1 g||ss^l||l iC-g i£ !is III li ^-!&r
fi|^i;J.^Haj'-g ^ ^^ O rS -e 00 rH eft: . .ri r^ --f O « TJ ^ S ^_ C M 00 c3 ^^
^i^'g-:2>'
05 "-'_^ cS S ^ ;:J
o3
0'd
7\
M
>
J
0
d
S
u
U
1
5-'
]
5h
M
M
1
«
'
pq
*i
;^
tn
4J
h-l
P
«
P
W
P
1
0)
03
o
CD
0)
e:!
;i
S
;:!
s
pq
pq
«
pq
M
pq
A
iA
^
'J
IL^
|!-l
03
cS
s
c3
s
Cfi
P
P
fe
fe
fa
fa
H^
;^
;^
\^
00
o
QO
C3S
lO
UO
lO
lO
>o
10
p
X3
fa
«
iA
riiS
rt
1^
c3
Cj
fa
^
0"
>.
■^
-D
C3
0
U
0
a
Hosted by
Google
204
oiiEGoK Volunteers in spanIss was,.
P
M
Eh
O
o
o
o
f
i
1^
Sick in division hospital in line of duty Mar. 25 to
Apr. 26, '99, inc.; caused by gunshot Wound in left
shoulder. In the settlement for clothing is included
$11.16, total value of clothing issued him by the State.
Deposited Aug. 8, '98, with Major Kilbourne, $10;
Sept. 21, '98, with Major Sears, $15; Nov. 5, '98, with
Major Sears, $15; Jan. 9, '99, with Major Sears, $10;
May 15, '99, with Major Coffin, $10.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; joined company
by enlistment per S. 0. No. 119, hdqrs. dept. of the
Pacific and 8th A. C, Nov. 24, '98; sick in quarters in
line of duty Apr. 1 to May 3, '99, inc.; July 2-12, '99,
inc., in hospital. No clothing issued him by the State.
Sick in hospital, in line of duty, Sept. 1-5, '98, inc.; in
quarters Sept. 14 to Oct. 7, '98, inc.; Oct. 20 to Nov. 26,
'98, inc.; Jan. 17-18, '99, inc.; Feb. 9-18, '99, inc.; in reg-
imental hospital Mar. 24 to Apr. 3, '99, inc. In the
settlement for clothing is included $11.16, total value
of clothing issued him by the State.
Joined company by enlistment per S. O. No, 119, hdqrs.
dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, Nov. 24, '98- sick in
quarters in line of duty Apr. 13-23, '99, inc. No cloth-
ing issued him by the State.
Tried by field officers' court Aug. 5, '98, for violation of
33d art. of war (absent from reveille roll call Aug. 4,
'98): sentenced to forfeit $1; fine deducted on July
and Aug. pay roll; tried by summary court Nov. 10,
'98, for violation of 62d art. of war* sentenced to for-
feit $10 and to confinement thirty days at hard labor;
fine deducted on Nov. and Dec, '98, pay rolls; tried
by summary court Mar. 10, '99, for violation of 62d
art. of war; sentenced to forfeit one month's pay
:$15.60); fine deducted on Mar. and Apr., '99, pav rolls;
sick in quarters in line of duty Aug. 20-24, '98, inc.;
Sept. 29 to Oct. 10. '98, inc.; Mar. 28 to Apr. 3, '99, inc.
In the settlement for clothing is included $11.16, total
value of clothing issued him by the State. Depos-
ited Aug. 8, '98, with Major Kilbourne, $20.
i
CO
1
1
g'
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
1
May 12-
June 16-
May 12-
June 16-
May 12-
l„
Tailor_-__
Farmer „
Farmer —
Engineer-
Boiler-
maker.
^'^
' ! i 4 ''
o o o ^ ^
1
Br. _-_
Br. ___
D. Br.
Br. _-
Br. —
1
Blue-
Blue-
Br. _-
Blue -
Blue-
si
1 1
Fair-
Fair-
Dark-
Fair—
Fair-
•2*
4^:? ^ . ^ ^
^'lO >0 lO lO lO
1
2, ^ ^ a , s .
Davis, John E.__— _._
Dolan, Walter -
Doughty, Albert F
Duffej^ Austin __..-
Fitzgerald, Ed J.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
205
30 ^ 5P
;?§og^1
(^ a> 3 o
- -COTS ■
^^>
. -s — C • --; oj 1^- "^ ™
^ '^ ;S -• ^•
'^-' ^ <!> n /-
Til
o
o
T^
-d
fl
c
c«
C3
!^.
5h
o
0
f^
0^
(M
!^^
^
>j
d
03
o
Oh
c3
c6
^
5
3
fe
fe
^
S
fe
fe
g
s ■-
^
a:
lO
UD
LO
lO
to
IC
i j'
1
fl
1
1 02
1 og
W
eg
p
! -g
cc
:^
c8
D a
-kj'
-d
OS
Hosted by
Google
206
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
M
o
Q
>^
<
O
'riJ^;
O QJ
0) O
« o
^3 cp O"^
,^ a ^^■'3,a 2^ I'd
^.2S.2a.2So'§o'.S
.be
^ CO
O
D5
-d
c3
0^
^. , S
O
O
,r3
OB
C
1
I
1
1
1
r
pq
1
1
1
i
1
^
^
!h
u
Sh
v5
pq
m
pq
M
pq.
i
ai
0)
0)
o
CD
o
^
s
3
■0
0
W
W
W
m
pq
pq.
^ i
u
;-(
l!
Ih
:J
J
r^
eS
c3 '
S
3
?i,
^
fe
fe
fe
fe
fe^ .
i
4^
g
»
g
g
00
!^
K-^
>o
«5
lO
lO
LO
Oi
^
-*
CO
00
U
'
1
1
hJ
^
[
!
2
!«■
B
5
6
^
'^
'3
Pi
W
^
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
207
oi«iSl1"^§ Sf o1-S o^2p-| g III J 6^.
.2 >*
lire's " § S 'SI e-g "o7 0^^ a»-3 3 g M-
32
'icl "ill "-'
jh c; o
3 bD
+J -^ ? ""' t;^
CO -^ _j as ,-^
fM t' S_ *-<
^§=,2-&-;
> O <P O S-*^ 02
■""'"'' .tf I: -5 ^ "-^ "'^
'tri OS o -T- 5S >i<iH *r< _d ^ fl ':n: «
.=^?^-oi
CO (3Q [i^
O
Ph
c3
-^
s
O
s
s
s
S
3
^
1
1
5-
s
^"
b-
1
3d
St
>-0
lO
u:)
LC
LO
t5
Tti
^
00
Oi
o3
+j
^
1-3
fl
c«
X3
^
h:!
S
p
fl
M
he
^1
O
,C3
cS
cs
03
a
o
Hosted by
Google
208
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
M
o
o
J
h
^^«^<
^a .S^o
'^ ^ o ^
S:!!:,«^J2® fl3^:3io- ^3ii^^ -^^^o-S-^ -c
o 6 o >.'g^^.|%'^^'^^ ^^-^^-^^ «- -^ ^-
hXl-d
Oo*^ -.S+-' op
adaicc^-5^£coO
•-• r-i © > g
6^ fl-i
:M§^^^Bf^m^ni^§^^
-05
5§CD^ogofl
^^ti
f ma. H^s M° >ts:sn^s^s ^s-^
iOc"^+-> cr'-^'t-i
^Sft
s-i -«, i^i 1^ ■<-i am w :;tj
OQ t^ . CO
-d
c8
O
03
'd
TS
c
!3
CS
cS
+3
?-i
■t^
0
0
pin
f^
CM
!>1
>>
>i
c3
03
^
^
d
c3
0)
+3
0
0
0^
Ph
-d
d
03
03
pq
S
,d
d
>^
0
pq
fl
»
o3
s
0
^
0
^
^
p
d
3
si
u.
u
^
^
5-1
Ph
;-!
a §
cS
c3
^
c3
cs
3
08
a,
fe
&H
,fe
fe
Ep
^
fe
«
7:^
;:^
:^
r«
>Sioo
CO
0
i>
0
CO
e
^.0
LO
IC
lO
10
10
IC
!3l
c^
=^
Cb
c^.
^
§5
^
w
1
1
CD
03
'1
02
03
tri
2
A
n
•-:
^
0
'?
&
d
0
0
^il
>
1;
H
Oi
, ::^
^
fcuo
' cS
0
l*^
0
0^
Oh
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
209
.^ !ii oi < -J:; Id
i 5^Pp-|-gd
tS o'"'^
QS=it: rt .-^S
.-(OiCD O
ufO
-'g-'"«'S'dq5S^^
O
"^ ^,—L a^ '*-'•-* ^Ti ^•-\Q'^ ^
T3 -d
OS cS
OS
P^ dH
s
o
o
% ^
cS
o o
is
^ pq
(D
CD
(P
P
s
3
m
m
w
^H
u
d
d
Qt,
fi
E^
h
OS
14
Cft
^
!n
GO
1--
CO
s
S5
QO
i^
P*
•-2
^
m
'd
H
<t1
c
^*~
0)
.S
,i4
« 05
Hosted by
Google
210
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
H
p
y-i
o
o
O
O
1
s
Accidentally shot in the left hand while cleaning gun,
Jan. 1, '99; sick in quarters, in line of duty, Sept. 25 to
Oct. 4, '98, inc.; Jan 3. to Feb. 3, '99, inc.; sick in hos-
pital Apr. 16 to May 11, '99, inc.; sick in quarters June
12-27, '99, inc. In the settlement for clothing is in-
cluded $11.16, total value of clothing issued him by
the State.
Detailed on special duty per Reg. S. 0. No. 41, May 17,
'98; sick in quarters, in line of duty, Apr. 13-23, '99, inc.
In the settlement for clothing is included $11.16, total
value of clothing issued him by the State.
Joined company by enlistment per S. O. No, 119, hdqrs.
dept. of Pacific and 8th A. C, Nov, 24, '98. No clothing
issued him by the State.
Tried by summary court Oct. 13, '98, for violation of 62d
art. of war (charge, neglect of duty); sentenced to for-
feit 15 pay and five days' confinement at hard labor;
fine deducted on Sept. and Oct,, '98, pay roll; sick in
quarters, in line of duty, Sept. 27 to Oct. 10, '98, inc.
In the settlement for clothing is included $11.16, total
value of clothing issued him bj^ the State. Deposited
Aug. 8,'98, with Major Kil bourne, $20; Sept. 21,'98, with
Major Sears, 110; May 15, '99, with Major Coffin, $30.
Joined company by enlistment per S. 0. No. 119, hdqrs.
dept. of Pacific and 8th A. C, Nov. 24,'98. No clothing
issued him by the State.
Appointed corporal per Reg. S. O. No. 102, July 20, '98;
reduced to private at his own request per Reg. S. 0.
No, 19, Mar. 4, '99. In the settlement for clothing is
included $11.16, total value of clothing issued him by
the State.
Joined company by enlistment per S. 0. No 119, hdqrs.
dept. of the Pacific and 8th A, C, Nov. 24, '98; sick in
quarters, in line of duty, Jan. 7-9, '99, inc. No clothing
issued him by the State.
Enrolled May S, 98, and mustered in May 12, '98, as 2d
lieutenant. "No official information concerning cause
of discharge.
1
g
.1
1
1
1
Portlands
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Roseburg
Portland-
Portland-
Portland -
1
May 12-
May 12-
June28-
May 12-
JunelO-
May 12-
June 22_
May 12-
5*
Tailor
Printer-
Brick-
layer.
Teamster
Student-
Clerk—
Wood-
worker.
Merchant
Bohe-
mia.
Kan..
lowa-
Or. —
Kan. _
Minn.
Mo—
Mo.—
1
1
1 III 1 s-'* ^' 1
pq pq pq pq pq ^-:] ft pq
1
CD 1 CD CD '1 11
pq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq
s 1
a,
Fair—
Fair-
Fair-,
Fair—
Dark.
Fair__
Fair-
Fair—
1
1
tSiiO O lO CO Oi ^ 1> CO
giO lO LO OS lO to lO to
t^ ^ ^ ^ 2 ^ S ^
3
streda, Albert
Stoddard, Fred B
Stone, Lloyd B. _
Wade, Benjamin F.__
Wamsley, Ghas. C—
Wessburg, John E.—
Wickline, Elza M—
Discharged.
Bryan, Edgar J
2d Lieutenant.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEEKS IN SPANISH WAR.
211
ShZ^^^ :20i Ago
H o^
,w 1—1 le^ ■-*--( ^ ^C^
o
CO ci
^m-^^
-^CnI O
i;<'d i» a;i'i::j +
5^S6flS=
Mzf-
o7 '^
^ S C5 >i
05 a+^-r^
3 02 ..
.©^•^o
|l'H--5^§ §^ ? gS^l c!;i'| -^^.s
■ '~ Sod S"^
H
)i; 02^10.
•i-i ""l OD ^ 02
1 d ?^p be bjD S
Oi
O
o
o
Oh
!32
OS
c6
:^
■Oj
.:^"
c^
fe
::^~
-S 00
u
4s-g
T^
<
'%
n
^
CO
d
o
hs
a
pq
mi
o
1-3
o
«^|
Hosted by
Google
212
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
o
o
<
o
1
s
Enrolled and mustered in as sergeant; appointed 1st
sergeant per G. O. No. 7, May 13, '98; discharged by
favor to accept commission Feb. 28, '99. In the settle-
ment for clothing is included $18.15, total value of
clothing issued him by the State; due soldier $6.99 for
clothing overcharged.
Discharged per S. 0. No. 77, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific
and 8th A. C, Mar. 24, '99; discharge and final state-
ments given. In the settlement for clothing is in-
cluded $18.15, total value of clothing Issued him by
the State; due soldier $6.99 for clothing overcharged.
Sick in quarters, in line of duty, June 26-29, '98, inc.;
Sept. 1-5, '98,inc.; Sept. 6-28, '98, inc.; Mar. 12-24, '99, inc.
Discharged per S. O. No. 77, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific
and 8th A. C, Mar. 24, '99; discharge and final state-
ments given. In the settlement for clothing is in-
cluded $18.15, total value of clothing issued him by the
State; due soldier $6.99 for clothing overcharged. Sick
in quarters, in line of duty, July 12-13, '98, inc.
Discharged per S. O. No. 120, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific
and 8th A. C, May 22, '99; discharge and final state-
ments given. In the settlement for clothing is in-
cluded $18.15, total value of clothing issued him by
the State; due soldier $6.99 for clothing overcharged.
Sick in quarters, in line of duty, June 5-9, '98, inc.
Discharged Mar. 15, '99, per S. O. No. 68, hdqrs. D. A.,
Washington, D. C, Mar. 23, '99, No clothing issued
him by State; discharge and final statements given;
due soldier for clothing withdrawn Dec. 31, '98, $28.50.
Appointed lance corporal per S. 0. No. 189, Nov. 25, '98;
appointed corporal per S. O. No. 190, Nov. 30, '98; dis-
charged per S. O. No. 157, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific
and 8th A. C, Juhe 12, '99; discharge and final state-
ments given. In the settlement for clothing is in-
cluded $11,16, total value of clothing issued him by
the State. Sick in quarters, in line of duty, Oct. 7-11,
'98, inc.; Oct. 22 to Nov. 4, '98, inc.; Dec. 14-31, '98, inc.;
tried by summary court for violation of 32d art. of
war (absent without leave 24 hours), sentenced to
forfeit $3 pay; flue deducted from Sept. and Oct,, '98,
1
1
1
Portland-
Portland -
Portland-
Portland-
Roseburg
Portland -
1
May 12-
May 12_
May 12_
May 12-
June 10-
May 12_
I, ■
1
Clerk
lithog-
rapher.
Clerk-
Clerk
Teamsteir
Decorator
*
^
g
^
Ind.-
Or. —
B. C—
111. —
Or. -_
N. Y.-
1
Br. —
Br. —
Lt.Br.
Lt.Br.
Blk.__
Lt.Br.
1
Blue-
Blue-
Blue-
Blue-
Br. —
Blue-
il
6 8
st i^ ^ 'J u u u
*S % '^ 'S '3 *cs
fe fe fe fe „ ^ , ^
1
.S X H\ H\ X H\
SCR> ^00' OO 00 b- O
^'lO LO lO , iC to lO ,
^ ^ s g ^ n ,
1
Jameson, Malcolm S.
1st Sergeant.
Privates.
Carter, Wm. E
Dyer, George E
Strayer, Robert L
Noah, George E
Thompson, Wm. G. ..
Corporal.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUN'TEEllS IN SPANISH WAR.
213
Ofl*i
t:
o o
S
fl «2Q
o
o^jl
3
•« aj-U
Ti
S3i
O)
T1
o o .
>'^t^
■-H (D
^
+3
c
a>
HSr-H-d
XJ
o^jfi
03
Or3 y
w
b55
fi
«;^ O
ent wi
fine d
both t
^T^
a
>^
-d s-i'S
m
Ui
^-3
££
s"^l
as
ce 300 ^ni 2-3
j:^ "2 *S 6 Qj 2 0)
• " o q; : >-^j
"-^ rg *J *^ bX)^-
o ,
i >.^- j5 o
thS
CO 32 -r-l H '^■^ r-T CS 03 -r^ £3 D
^^i^^t{;
iro|
.;=: o c
c« bC" O -d ;0
<^t^A (D
P-J
O s^ !^ !^ 2 q:>
3 i^^ja
0
0
Ph
PM
(M
(M
>5
>>
OS
C«
^
S
d
fe
^•d
m
^^ 6
li
03
P
03
O
S3
ft
H3
Pi
5:3
o
Hosted by
Google
214
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
A
P
a
o
o
o
H
Oh
O
O
1
g
Discharged per S. 0. No. 157, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific
and 8th A. C, June 12, '99; discharge and final state-
ments given. In the settlement for clothing is in-
cluded $11.16, total value of clothing issued him by the
State; tried by summary court Sept. 22, '98, for viola-
tion of 33d art. of war (absent without leave less than
24 hours and absent from guard detail, in violation of
33d art. of war); sentenced to forfeit Uo of his pay;
fine deducted from Sept. and Oct., '98, pay roll- tried
by summary court Jan. 11, '99, for violation of 32d and
33d arts, of war (absent without leave and absent
from retreat roll call); sentenced to forfeit |3; fine de-
ducted on Jan. and Feb., '99, pay roll; absent, sick, in
line of duty, June 3 to Aug. 6, '98, inc.; Sept. 21 to Oct. 7,
'98, inc.; sick in quarters Oct. 27 to Nov. 8, '98, inc.;
Jan. 10-11, '99, inc. Enlisted in Troop G, 4th United
States Cavalry, May 4, '95; discharged May 3, '98.
Discharged per S. 0. No. 91, headquarters department
of California, May 5, '99; sick in quarters, in line of
duty, July 5-7, '98, inc.; July 21-26, '98, inc.; sick in
hospital and absent, sick, Sept. 27, '98, to May 5, '99, inc.
Transferred to hospital corps, U. S. A., Sept. 9, '98, per
S. O. No. 17, hdqrs. dept. of the army, Washington,
D. C, Aug. 5, '98. In the settlement for clothi ng is in-
cluded 118.15, total value of clothing issued him by the
State; due soldier S6.99 for clothing overcharged.
Joined company by enlistment per S. 0. No. 119, hdqrs.
dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, Nov. 24, '98; ap-
pointed corporal Nov. 25, '98, per Reg. S. 0, No. 189,
Nov. 25, '98; appointed sergeant major per Reg. S. 0.
No. 3, Mar. 1, '99; detailed on special duty per S. 0.
No. 203, Dec. 16, '98. No clothing issued him by State.
Transferred to hospital corps, U. S. A., per S. O. No. 59,
hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, Mar. 2, '99.
In the settlement for clothing is included 111.16, total
value of clothing issued him by the State; transferred
to company per S. 0. No. 158, hdqrs. dept. of the Pa-
cific and 8th A. C, June 12, '99, by error; dropped from
the roll per S. O. No. 36, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., July 21, '99;
balance due soldier, difference between private's pay
1
1
i
1
1
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
May 12-
May 12-
May 12-
June 15-
May 12-
1
Black-
smith.
Laborer-
Physi-
cian.
Miner—
Student—
N.Y.-
Or. —
Mich.-
Or.
Can 'da
i
t
1
Lt.Br.
D.Br.-
Lt. Br.
Br. —
Light-
1
M • W W PP PP
S 1
Fair-
Fair—
Fair-
Fair-
Fair-
4g g "5 o
^lO ' . lO i-O ^ iC
c<i ^ ?S Csi CO' 5<i
i
^
Kimber, Arthur — __
Orchard, Hollie R,—
Transferred —
Privates.
Anderson, Enoch-
Marshall, John W—
Sergeant Major.
Peel, Gordon A
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
215
^ -S __ jl^ r^ Is Cl<^ 0) +^ ^ ^
)00
^ cc -^ ^ =
"" -^ .^6 53
s 3 § h^ p §
I'd o«5^ g^
1^ 03rt rQ 35 tB
0}
H
o
w
fQ
^
p
^
1
ai
;l: ■
r3
m
m
'^
J
S
oi
!i^
fe
:^
10
LO
01
—1
cq
I S
0)
"£ ^
O) ^
0
S
a;
0
w
pq
i Ph r^ ^
CO pL( OS
; 00 ^ 00 Jj^
' ? s 1
; I S I -; 5 I £ »
JaJ --^ -^
C CD ^
5oi^. '
bD ^M
.S r^ CL
> 4^ "^
5Sr
S c3 P
;:« '
sa
» M 3 ^ _^
^1
o
8 CM '^
-^ 13 X3
^ O f^
O "^ CO
> g o 2
I J^ -C! rd
•3 ^-S"
oS fl eg p<
(^ C3 =3
CO d ^
-H OJ i^
^ I if
+J o '-^
(D +^ 'U
.^ « "^
2 0:)
, -5 E2 5^
C d 03
5 ?.^ :^
?3 =* (O
"d c3
=3 .2
^ d
.S f^ 2
a; :£ 0^
r^ z: ^
-^ d oT
§ I S
^ O d
Ti ^ :=:
G
'^ -^ c6 d
o3 ^ -^r TS
^ d S ^
73 d ^
k^ _^ S
0
0 c^ d
0
S^^
H
^B'^
w
lo t>. d
O d C^ d
r-i M Co
d 'w
2 S S § I
bi) S d
^ P
'^ ft ^
i ^ ^ fe ^- t2 .
d !»
d S
0
^
oc
^
d
0
'^
n
zo
'ci
<x>
ts3
^
^
d
^.
bC
>> 22 J^
o ca
o 5;2 <!> uJ
g § S w
o3 o . d
02 c« :;::: ^ . . -
.^ cJJ I §
^■>^!^"-'' ^
^ ^ ^ 5
- .fH CO d
5 s ^ ^
rH CD - .
t>j(il5 •SdJ^^-iT^'^^S^
- a ^ H '^ ce r-^ oi rt ^ *: rH
0} C5 O rci TtT
^^
d b
03 Z,
>> ^ .§ o ■
-"^ ^ ^ "^ <
;^ 1 3 '^ ;
O d » C3 :
• 73
"ft
V d
ft
Q =^
's
^
Ph
d ►^
-? c3
ijo
^
d -rH '
; 73 ;»" '^ '
„ CO X5 4-^ O
< P^ cjdO
>Ph'
_bB bJo
Hosted by
Google
216
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
o
Q
5 a
^ d
goo"
|-|
^co CD
CD O
^ 5-*t::*
SS be
C3 CD 52
O Q
^ CD 4-3
i o
<l1
1
Enrolled and mustered in as captain; special duty at
hdqrs. 1st div., 8th A. C, as acting engineer officer,
per G. F. 0. No. 3, dated Angat, Apr. 27, '99; returned to
duty with company June! 0,'99, per telegraphic instruc-
tions from hdqrs. 1st div., 8th A. C, dated Manila,
P. I., June 10, '99; sick in quarters Oct. 15-16, '98; sick
in Red Cross hospital Oct. 17 to Nov. 7, '98; all dates
inc.; all in line of duty.
Enrolled and mustered in as 1st lieutenant; in com-
mand of company Apr. 27 to June 10, '99, S. 0. Reg. O.
No. 1, dated Apr. 27, '99; sick in hospital Oct. 5-21, '98;
all dates inc. Due United States $54.17, pay received
from erroneous date of enrollment to date of mus-
ter in.
Enrolled and mustered in as 1st sergeant; discharged
at MaTiila, P. I., to accept commission, Jan. 30, '99;
appointed as 2d lieutenant, to rank from Oct. 31, '98;
sworn into United States service Jan. 30, '99; assigned
to Company F, S. 0. Reg. No. 9, dated Jan. 30, '99. Due
soldier $6.77, excess charge for State clothing.
Enrolled and mustered in as sergeant; appointed 1st
sergeant from sergeant Feb. 1, '99, per Co. No. 4, dated
Manila, P. I., Feb. 1, '99; sick in quarters June 24 to
July 13, '98, inc.; Nov. 26, '98, to Jan. 3, '99, inc.; sick in
1st reserve hospital May 23-29, '99, inc.; sick in regi-
mental hospital June 12-14, '99, inc.; all in line of
duty.
Enrolled and mustered in as sergeant; wounded in
action at Norzagaray, P. I., Apr. 25, '98; sick in quar-
ters Nov. 4-9, '98; Apr. 25 to May 1, '99; May 4-12, '99;
June 7-11, '99; June 19 to July 3, '99; all dates inc.; in
i
1
o
1
1
2
Portland -
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
1
May 13
May 13-
May 13-
May 13_
May 13-
o
S
o
Civ. eng._
Farmer —
Lawyer-^
Machinist
Farmer —
^ , O OH M
si
1
J ' 1 5^' Sh f-H
b 1 PQ pq PQ
^. ti , ^ ' , . : , .
O pq h4 q , fi
1
S ^ 3 w S ft
^ 1^ c2 (^ t^
fa , fa fa fa fa
1
^o §^ ^ f ^
giO uO, »0 »0 lO
^ ^ ^ . ^ 8 -
^
I
James F. Case
Captain,
Edwin Grim
ist Lieutenant,
C. H. Meussdorff"er, Jr.
2d Lieutenant,
William 0. North ____
ist Sergeant,
C. R, Herrington-___.
Sergeant.
Hosted by
Google
7 ■■ —^mfi
X-
iw
"^ < ^*^'A
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
217
U2A CD
B^B,
=-:iaP1ISg§fils
?^'t:M o bti o
^S.i
C3 fcllO C3""r-J5^vi «2rc!^rS =*'■?
ft be 00
g^'-'S^
s?b::bioo.^p^^|d^|
« O <D
d O
0-
5 r! :
i xn ^r .t: -r* ^ "■
-« 3 'C^ (« 'g "" "^ .
;g -2 ^^- §^g d &| II 1^ .• 1^2 e I- ^-^i:-o^l'&«|%- §r
•= S3 T.-S g S sg<!^S >?S;.-3?.2 545^■3^ -S-I^g gtl
o
o
o
(1(
03
5f«
d o3
pq
Hi
pq
d
fe
ft
fe
P
OS
g
-N^
^
lO
LO
LO
lO
d s
?H
o
.c3
u
V-i
Ph
hs
>»
m
;h
o
i
td ^
d
C3
o
Hosted by
Google
218
OREGOK VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
m
P
12;
M
'^
o
o
Eq
R :'■_, 1 fl rrtHj. __ 0 o
rss|^§^Jg^° 5^-^ glasses
^gf oTco ^
05 °^ cs cq :t::H
;^«2:'
rc«
g'S^oip- a a ^.S^^ c ftr^ § cr.S^.M c.S.S| ft-dx^g ft'CJ o-2 ftO o| ^-^34^^
o
c3
OS
Oh
O
ce
h:^
o3
fa
3
c3
fa
'd
<
fa
CD
o
c3'
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOI>UNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
219
^ c
0 00 0)11)
'^9.-^?^
q-d
Orrt ?
5 2 ^''^ ^^oTriS? K
fl CD J^ gf §i S
^ O^H
"* ^ _i e t-i s-i 'i' -rs c
03
!=3
O
o
PL,
O
la
. a
cu
bCfl
s
0) ce
S-i
^!^
cS
EH
^
cS
c3
cS
fe
x>
^
g
GO
■^
to
to
lO
LO
LQ
tC
OS
02
fl §.
5 O
o -■>
p
m
^
w
H
bid
0
fl
<p
^
^
^
be a.
Hosted by
Google
220
OREGON VOLUKTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
M
Eh
O
o
I
Simula ^r-s ^
do o) "^ "^ 'fc '3 '^ ^iTS^
-d f^>5 •'d Oh^
'^^'d^-'3ft^^'d§^.S'd2g'
S8g5o'^S5S^|'^^Sg|
^C ce (^ ,d 4J M-5 <] ^ o'dtMj^ Ond
o
o
o
(In
O
o
'd
m
o
o
^
I 'd
03
c3
W M
,=; ' ^
:i^
fa
§1
03 :|
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTBIEIIS IN SPANISH WAR.
221
rtg
<1> CO o «2 o ^
d .rrt,>r.M G «2 ?
ir-' 'CS ^ .t;
a m.,_i !L<iq S
s o a> s
Q .^2 in j^ ^
i§ ^ 3 ,5 3 C
-'gb"
C!j 9 <D -r I 05 ~ 73 "^ O - C n "^J
-^ +-^ +; ^ , A OS ^^ .-^ g j^ a, ^ fn '^
r^' *2 CS ^<N "^ ce ">
'"3 a" ^ °* s I ^'d -r
-^ '^'^q cc ciJ p;
c3^
"^■-^o^
Sf^ r?'§
.^^^ bb
Q 5h "d 1 .„ _,
ji: CD ^^ T.-^
OC « CD I ...^
■- 75 x: . -^ CO c<r''3
go^QOOS^o 3
■ W
-^0033
■<v-( O O O G
^H^
1) ti C Vr^ (11 D X2 4-> t-
^10 .^ ^ ?; a-j VI 5 -^ "^ _.
' rrt ''3 .2 \, '^ Q; 5 cT O O)
g 02 '^■;:; a.- os;:^ b^
SflS^ol^orS^^
d » I c o
CC CO IB
d ^^-^^fS
a; ft- 03 f-;
o
o
eg
QCd
d oa
o
d
3
03
S,
g
d
fe
IX)
zo
»
00
(Xi
10
10
10
10
10
5
'd
4*1
Hosted by
Google
222
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
O
o
o
I
o
o
1
1
Enrolled and mustered in as private; with detachment
of Oregon recruits from June 18 to Nov. 24, '98; joined
companv at Manila, P. I., Nov. 24, '98; sick in regi-
mental hospital Nov. 29 to Dec. 6, '98, inc.; sick in
quarters since May 19, '99; all in line of duty. No
State clothing issued.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; tried by sum-
mary court Feb. 20, '99, for violation of 32d art. of war
(absent less than 24 hours); sentenced to forfeit one
month's pay; fine collected on Jan. and Feb., and
Mar. and Apr., '99, pay rolls; sick in quarters June
9-13, '98; Aus. 7-8, '98; Sept. 24-27, '98; Oct. 11 to Nov. 9,
'98; all dates inc.; sick in regimental hospital Aug.
6-7, '98; in 1st reserve hospital Sept. 27 to Oct. 11, '98;
all dates inc.; all in line of duty.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; sick in quarters
July 4-7, '98; Nov. 27 to Dec. 22, '98; Jan. 25 to Feb. 2,
'99; Mar. 15-16, '99; all dates inc.; in regimental hospi-
tal Dec. 22, '98, to Jan. 25, '99, inc.; all in line of duty.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; with detachment
of Oregon recruits from June 21 to Nov. 24, '98; joined
company at Manila, P. I., Nov, 24, '98; sick in quarters
May 29 to June 2, '99, inc.; in line of duty. No State
clothing issued.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; with detachment
of Oregon recruits from June 18 to Nov. 24, '98; joined
company at Manila, P. I., Nov. 24, '98. Deposited with
Major Gambrill fl5, Mar. 8, '99; deposited with Major
Coffin SIO, May 28, '99. No State clothing issued.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; with detachment
of Oregon recruits from June 18 to Nov. 24, '98; joined
company at Manila, P. I., Nov. 24, '98; tried by sum-
mary court Dec. 31, '98, for violation of 62d and 33d
arts, of war; sentenced to forfeit S5 and $1, respec-
tively; fines collected on payroll of Jan. and Feb., '99;
tried by general court-martial Feb. 15, '99, for viola-
tion of 20th art, of war; sentenced to three months,
confinement, at hard labor, and $10 per month; fine
deducted on Jan. and Feb., and Mar. and Apr., '99,
pay rolls; confined from Feb. 16 to Mar. 30, '99; uiiex-
I
1
1
£
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland -
Portland -
Portland-
J line 18-
May 13-
May 13-
June21_
Junel8_
JuneSl-
•2
1
1
Seedsman
Student-
Mill hand
Packer—^
Solicitor _
Teamster
^ i J d =• "^^
^ M M , M M 25
^
1 ! , 1 pq pq
fi ■ £ W . W ft A
1
pq pq. pq ffl pq pq .
•^ .i .i .i .U ^
1
^S^ CT. S' -* O 00
^lO lO Kt) to lO lO
^ ^ ^ 25 2^ §5 ,
1;
3
Butzer, John J
Case, Charles L
Chapman, Wm. R —
Cline, Thomas D
Clements, Del
Cole, Edward — —
Hosted by
Google
OKBGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
223
■t-> ^ -I .rt
3 O O) S W'^-i-s
^ c ^ s-
rCl 5 MO tH C^ C S >^
|fi!lllffe3!!
'- ^ ^ « k;
00 s ^=:r_.
?: t> o .^-^.^-d '"^ ^-^^^ S s t- J?
^ '^ TOO i"
'd c o Cq s^ o,
B -d a> ft-j^ «^ ,
•a£52S5|
'd
o
0^
o
o
Oh
o a
c3
i
bd
<
1
c3
Q
O
Hosted by
Google
224
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
M
O
o
o
1
g
Enrolled and mustered in as^ private; sick in quarters
June 17, '98; July 5, '98; July 18, '98; July 19, '98; July
22-24, '98; July 26-31, '98; Sept. 14-15, '98; Oct. 29 to
Nov. 4, '98; Dec. 11, '98, to Jan. 14, '99; Jan. 25-26, '99;
May 2-24, '99; all dates inc.; all in line of duty; sick
in quarters Aug. 13-22, '98, inc.; not in line of duty;
sick in regimental hospital July 21-22, '98; July 24-26,
'98; in division hospital Jan. 14-26, '99; in 1st reserve
hospital May 20 to June 1, '99; all dates inc.; in line
of duty.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; on special duty
May 24, '98, to Aug. 12, '98, per Reg. S. 0. No. 50, dated
May 3, '98; returned to duty by verbal order of com-
manding officer 2d Or. Inf., Aug. 12, '98; on special
duty at regimental^headquarters per Reg. S. 0. No. 163,
dated Oct. 7, '98, and S. 0. No. 12, dated Feb. 18, '99;
wounded in action Mar. 14, '99, at Pasig, P. I.
Enrolled and mustered in as private: on special duty
in quartermaster's department per S. 0. No. 11, hdqrs.
dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, dated Jan. 11, '99,
from Jan. 11 to June 8, '99; relieved from duty by S. 0.
No. 154, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C,
dated June 8, '99; sick in quarters Mar. 13-16, '99, inc.;
in liue of duty; in quarters June 11-14, '98, inc.; June
15 to July 15, '98, inc.; in regimental hospital June
8-11, '98, inc.; June 14-15, '98, inc.; not in line of duty.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; on special duty
in quartermaster's department, per. S. 0. No. 11,
hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, dated Jan.
11, '99, from Jan. 11 to June 8, '99; relieved from duty
per S. O. No. 154, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th
A. C.^ dated June 8, '99; tried by summary court Nov.
16, '98, for violation of 33d art. of war; sentenced to
forfeit $3; fine deducted on Nov. and Dec, '98, pay
roll; sick in quarters June 8-13, '98; Sept. 7-10, '98;
Nov. 9-14, '98, inc.: sick in regimental hospital Dec.
30, '98, to Jan. 10, '99, inc.; all in line of duty.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; tried by sum-
mary court Nov. 26, '98, for violation of 33d and 62d
arts, of war, sentenced to forfeit $6; fine deducted on
1
§
s
1
1
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland -
Portland-
May 13-
May 13-
May 13-
May 13-
May 13-
1
Hatter—
Reporter-
Engineer
Machinist
Clerk -._.
11
I
D. Br.
D. Br.
Lt.Br.
Br.
Lt.Br.
i
Br.—
Br. _-
Blue—
Br. —
Br. —
S -S
Fair-
Fair—
-
Fair..
Fair-
Fair-
1
^'lO, ■ , Tti LO CO ' . ti-
«-iO lO lO lO lO
'as
?^ ' M ■ Cq S^ ^
1
Devere, Claude
Dodson, Wm. D. B—
Flood, Frank -
Flood, Philip
Foster, Charles F
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
225
CO o be (sS p rH
':s t> "^ _L "^ ^
?^ ca "-^^ oj t*j . ^
^05
& 2 fl =^ c3 ri cj
Q « o "^ 'CS >j k3 . ■
'^ u d
3 O O
-P
:o^bi)
"i -^^
2^-'
'^P
So
Ofi^'i <3:> lo c^ n-i O ^
^1^ ?H r^ ri n^
M^ O
ft
jC O 02
«2.s^s?|?^-r flics'"
fe 9^
^- - tl^ +^ ^ fl
b^'^-MiS^^^'^^^^i
-^ m C \>^ CI XJ r^ 2
=i ^o^^-fl o>,^
^ Q^-:
cS^
^ eg 3 ft^N^ H _ _•-
-co'C^
. cecr-^
-d
'O
tj
n
a
fl
c3
cS
o3
o5
4^
^-i
O
O
o
O
P
P
p
P
H
^
O
^
S
o3
i , ^
6 ^S
P
m
p
p
p
pq
P
OS
P
g
^
15
P
C3
Hosted by
Google
226
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
S § O >^^ ^ g Q
oO fl S rt "i^ op
03 CD C« U
H^
l4 ^ rir
Q
P
M
o
O
o
Q
o
is
03 j
I 5
3
c3
S3
03,
3
:^' <
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
227
•r; — • O <» ^
^f-Dt— 1^ O
^ c -
(-1 «M O n:)M
^ o Jj:3
-*-^ O ."r^ V *>, O " Oi O
|o8SgJ
C '5^ ^^ 'O c»
X ^ o
^-"S o « -^
S o S ^ =»
iTe o H o5
O -^ G ^1^
'^ ^ ^^^ 72 OP ^ C! P O
r< CD .
= d 2
j^^^"^?!;;
3^^^^
.-2.2
2 to 'bJD^
3fl^5
o
o
OS
d
fe
fe
^X"
Q
04
o3
Hosted by
Google
228
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
(=1
P
M
Eh
o
o
Oh
O
O
piiii! urn
g . *^ CO ^ oS .i: ^'3 S c^-s-r
.-tf *:> • -^ -^^ .5 --^ Jh P . -, fe
S 5i 03 cs--^
"^d
^^Ti
' U ri w
d tS *X3 -V^ r/^ K
^ ^ .2 C a
'^t^o
d '-3 S . «2 -ri s*
d t^S (U'-o _iu d d d,A_^ d Mr; j^p^^,- +ei^ SpS^^'*-'^ ^-i-^co
;>:^i!'^--3
g5s:«-^
5iS''S'^i5''5^1:^
.1 -if E^ ?l^t^lili ?^S.3^1illlP?S
.5S-^^rt>.3&H^^
'P c^^l
^cS^^ftc
"^.O
ID CD rH c^j a; '^ JS'Tr, <^3oa)?}'g^d«05TJ<i)cqco-cl<»2a;)m^«i^-<t:^®;^dOrM-^^ c& +f
•-=' fli ■ ' t^ IL" rt ^d •:=ii:P<fc*5aj+^ .'3^=2 ^9^ rzilSi ^^ ^^ O z^ >-;, o) ^-t -h -^t "n
- ;j a;tH'!:i-;'=w d d^ d^t:? ^ d
o
o
1
J
52 !^*
0 0
^
0
X5
S
t5°
^
0
u
d
^ a
<D
c3
^'
0
pq
Ho
0
fc4
^
d
11
M
W
d
8
d
M
^
1
jj
;^
,J
"J
CQ
s , •
m
PQ
PQ
tR
P
Q
«
P
1
0)
1
1
1
0
■I
*
M
d
u
w
;-3
d
il
5-1
'c3
OS
'S
03
C;
?ii
^
fi
fe
P
fe
.
^^
:^
MX
::^
-§.
^^^
^
r
IC
10
10
LO
!M
CO
cr>
^
CM
CO
2
d
-d
i
d
d
a'
1
be
d
0
1
cS
0
0
d
§■ .
^
^
^
%
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
229
CO rc!=«>^
oT
.P'S^'2?^
'=f^'§^^ §-SiS^* ^d::fd^
» «
G T^i "r^ r^ 0)
■■ ;=; '« . .+^'d?
=2 .r,H,gfl,o-
^ as
.-a-^
acc +■
o .
"" 3 ^ :* *x' :£ ^r 5 ^- <~
^bD
. b
-^^. 8 g ^
^ O J^ O (^ o
C3 "' ■
oT^
^.^5r
< S rw ^ =^ ' -«r o :
n't* fl *^ <^aizo o^
Q fl Sh l=r
cocdZh a; ^
« -■ J05
-go--,
'd J C'd'-"
rl^'d^
iS -^ ""^ '^""^ "1 > '^^ 'c?^ ^_S S '^ - <^ hn
Qj H3 ^-.7:; ^ --^ 7 -12 1? ^ --^ c5 ^ . ^-C
COr-
>,as-
^ > an (D ti
K ^ K '^ t^ -r*
_t:3 o 'Eo ^
o 1 ■'-' .r-< a,tC
Q) 30 i^ ?-/) t^
Gj-H -^
o^^
.5|^o5-a^ ft.^|;^;a^oo|^^5S^^'
3u 5f? OS
.5^ Co
-I I-! t) ^ "^ w
-d
Ph Ph
o
£
c3
pq m
. ft
pq
05
>
pq
4-2
W pq
44
a
bo
03
Hosted by
Google
230
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
g
O
O
o
,g.s.a
o
o
pin
O
1-1
s
OS
s
S3
fe
1
,a
!^
0
M
>i
Si
'CS
B
fl^
m
ft
s
d
fe
ft
;^
3
c3
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
231
^
G O >
§ . O
02 t^^
■ ■>-> ^ rt G
OJ ^ aj L, .
> (D C^ T-ry
oj G .^ <^ ^ o
t^ "1^ - > ft
« OS O) 5^1 CD
o - ■ — --
CO o
O O
2-S
^m^i
0)
•g '^■^•-
CD'- T^^
C5.— ( ►CC'
.!_; 0) pL( Ol CD
=* s -^
C3
^H^
_ u sJ -— I "^ i^ CO ^ _. C) o ^ fe
'•r! c3i — 1 t{)^;' A
. .,S* P ^ ^ .^ M -
-G "^ f_, •^'C3 O ^H ttH
Q iTi oC5 O - '^
G ^t:
CCt,_| ?5
'^ (boo w'^^ ciS
:S t, a; G '^ '^ »■- =M
1:3 -^
roj
P^G
^JM,
c«"G
a ^ £»
G '^ O CN fto^I]
^^^
-d -d .
^ Q
r3 b G
r-^ Of-* CO
cS-iS
d;j.S::5
ce+j cSte
15
l^s
Ils5
ftn^
U.a~
ftO ftO)
Ss
"a=
G c3
W K
;^
C ^j o
O K O w
0-+
O;^ r-
O "* 0"*
C3 6
^c^
c5 d eg O
•t^H
5t-J
;s^s
>^.>:^
'i'^c
u
?c3
'G Cd cT'd cd -t^ IS cd 'G cd
cpo) .-(DCDo, a:)Q;©cD
, . G ao" p^ G co" 2 G 00 G go"
• O) ^ 1^ >-" Q^ *-! ^
2 S ^ s2 S ^ a; t: S t>. 5 !>.
•-^c^^ScSi^'coGcS^idr?
~x:G:5'i>Gna)-^^Gl<DGl<i3
oi S^^^-p^'Si E
'S*^'w5zJ"'r75_^!G^5o'^*Sf5
G
c3
O
o
o
Ph
o o
Ph Ph
eg
O
o
o3
P5
O
pq
G
fe fe
G
^
70
CO
CM
?!3
1
<i
o
p^
o
0
G
h
0
o
-^1
ti^
w
1
0
G
4
1
O
5
G
0
o
^
a;
>
'$■
cS
>
Hosted by
Google
232
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
m
P
M
o
Q
<
O
o
1 1
i
Enrolled and mustered in as 1st sergeant; discharged
Jan. 30, '99, by favor, to accept commission; discharge
and final statementgiven; service, "honest and faith-
ful." Due soldier $6.77, excess charge for State cloth-
ing, not paid him when discharged. Deposited with
Major Kilbourne $50, Aug. 8, '98; deposited with Major
Sears $20, Oct. 20, '98, clothing account at date of dis-
charge, due soldier, $25.95.
Enrolled and mustered in as sergeant; discharged at
Manila, P. I., Nov. 9, '98, per telegraphic instructions
from Adjutant General, U. S. A.; discharge and final
statementgiven; service, "honest and faithful." Due
soldier $7, excess charges for State clothing, not paid
him when discharged. Deposited with Major Kil-
bourne $60, Aug. 8, '98; clothing account at date of
discharge, due soldier, $17.01.
Enrolled and mustered in as corporal; promoted from
corporal to sergeant Nov. 18, '98, per Reg. S. 0. No. 186,
same date; sick in quarters July 27-29, '98, inc., in line
of duty; discharged June 12, '99, per S. 0. No. 157,
hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, dated Manila,
P. I., June 11, '99; discharge and final statementgiven;
service, "honest and faithful;" ordnance charged at
date of discharge, $1.15; clothing account at date of
discharge, due soldier, $24.73.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed cor-
poral from private Aug. 2, '98, per Reg. S. O. No. 116,
same date; discharged Dec. 19, '98, per telegraphic in-
structions from Adjutant General, U. S. A., dated
Dec. 17, '98; discharge and final statement given;
service, "honest and faithful." Sick in quarters July
29-30, '98, inc., in line of duty. Due soldier, $6.86, excess
charge for State clothing, not paid him when dis-
charged; clothing account at date of discharge, due
soldier, $29.66. Deposited with Major Kilbourne |5,
Aug. 8, '98; ordnance charged on Nov. and Dec, '98,
pay roll, $0.47.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; discharged at
Manila, P. I., Sept. 25, '98, per telegraphic instructions
o
•1
1
1
1
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
13
O
i
-
^ 23 S 22
>i >^ >^ >,
oS (S c^ ^
g g ^ g
CO
j
s
Lawyer-
Student—
Dyer
Clerk
CD
1
o
O ^ O o
u
o
§
1
i
1
h^l ■ pq fi Q
1
1
III 1
E ^ ^ 4
pq cq , m ffl
i
Fair__
Fair-
Fair-
Fair-
-^ -^
GO
»0 lO lO lO
lO
^
85' ' a ^ g
^
1
1
Discharged by favor.
C.H. Meussdorfier, Jr.
ist Sergeant.
Discharged by order.
Arthur C. Stubling-
Sergeant.
Wm. C. Johnston
Sergeant.
Clare Ingman __
Corporal.
Privates.
d
o
c«
n
rd
o
s
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
233
O "-"i^^it ^^ rr! ^ O j; t^ ^ r "^-^ iH .U G
•3^
- *^ °c ^ © o ^,
«<->.. r^ t, O O r/5 ^ „ re -^ 'd CC H ^^ 't'Z ^T^ '--( ^--^ . i.
T3^.t3'*-'-rHr^Co5'd«5Q"Hce^ he-; <s .17 O r^
P --j ."^ ^ . ^ m;' tp! g^ -^ *-- cS >iDO vh ^
S^ MOO bJO'-'Srr^ r^ X
r^ ^ r^ i^ r^ rr.* rt /1^ '^ ^ frt "^ +-* /v'l tD .^
^fl^^'^a^
es^iiis|g^s1i5'^.i^-5-o^-«
13
o
ft
pq
pq
^
s
CS
fe
;^
c?
>»
Hosted by
Google
234
OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IK SPANISH WAR.
M
O
cej^
O as
:^'^^^
"' 3 fl ft
cS dJ
^55.2^-ft
rrt ^ .^Cl ii ■ <^ 'I' +-* rci frj """"
^ .r^ '■^ *^ hi)
cW
'^ '^co" 2-S ^" ^'~* k^"^. --"■ Sm"^ Q^ts
a),0 ©'^
^ ^ ^' o -g -51)^ ^^ b«o ^P fl 6-g g g &^ ^ ^- d ^ S 5 ^^^ g^ ^ S ■> ^ ^"i
£
o
OS
o
o
cq
w
fi
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR,
235
-f-; <^ii ^?5
0) J
^-^:^:
S 3 =2 S .-CSr-
-M CO rr< t^ . ^co "n.rHi:^ C.-S
•!^ ^ ^^ k^ .S --^ ,'3^ ^ 'M £ ^ is S<
j'^ ci ^ t; o G r'-f^g 0^
^:^W^^^'^ ^03300 fti^
H IT'^ q
c5 00 If sfoT d) ^ c^ ^ q'^
Qi
o
^r^^^^MKKoggo
ftc'«
'S^'^.^'^.SV^S;
-^^--b^g-^I^SS!
^s^*o
.0^0:
,0 03
^'^u
^^^io
«^ a rM'^-
sp.*-., 0-.-= • i::i "^ '-^ rt ?^ J3 S ,a <^
= ^ O 0)
ci C 3 c^
S^P^^a g P §gfl gPS §31 a S'^'g?:^? ^<iS i.Sfl.^?| s i smaaaaSlS^ i^^
o
o
Ph
o3
OS
P4
5
Hosted by
Google
236
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
W
o
o
^ ^sclT'"
■'gSi^£-S^.2
o
o ij « S &'^'::^ i;
dj br^ ^ c^'^'i) flfoif 0)^^-2 H'O :S a;.^.^ .
ft<^=
' ^ -^ O sSoo 73 S « C ^
o
fo
O
O
pq
03
o
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
237
^o^-oSJI^S^cC^
2^ o -« ci t^o^ M H r ;-;
0 +
^:;^-.-:.s^o>t3
en '^ S c) ^.r
a)\;w - . rfcJOT^^ O cup ^
ct;3o^,
S -TO
C3 ^ Q
^- ^rCl ^Z3 ^.
2 3:^1 S^ g g « 5
S^
-^
S
O
fit
PQ
"S:
^
fe
o
d
w
0
3
. o s
Hosted by
Google
238
OREGON VOLUNTEEKS IN SPANISH WAK.
Q
M
o
o
J
&^
Oh
O
CD O) p, . 'it> _g » 0^ ^d vi
55 o SO +^<t^ 2 '^^r-A '^ a
j-j ^ a^^ ^ r- d a5 cp ^ -M
0) g c3 '<!^
S8sf5
S '^ "^ tf hn SP
:5 cy
-*^oi*? cS '-' fc>
U. -O O G-t-=
4-> cc cj O' 3 O
hCJ Q+i Co H OQ
CO-- ^--2 0
a O ft o P
-^xi ii «22
■Cha7> Scj fl ftG^.2 53^
o8daJag-8^.:co^^^S--
-^ '^S ftSS-d Or^2 p.<t1 Si^-J
'd o § . O Q
o . .-*f 0)0
,g ?H s t- O t>y
o 9^ O cScJU c«
i,*!^ O) "'d ■"* O)
I'd ^ .^«*-i m O
' fl g 0^ o ^+^
o3
-d
OS
OS
^
3
OS
3
1:1 ^
it ^
d
s
%
t
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
239
S t^ t^ cc t: 'c! y ji3 >..j o Q -d 6 i o
_2 ^ r^ fi '
"■(DO ..ac3*~^0 ci"^
^ rl » ^ - ^ .„ ^ ■ ^ --
^ ? ^ ?^ '^ -^
■"^ . o .
^-O ^^^ ^ 'C^ .-'^60 ^'^^ -^
5SS
^
fc
0
10
10
C<J
^
s:^
V!
0
H
;lh
q
Hosted by
Google
240
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
P
P
J
o
o
o
o
o
i
Enrolled and mustered in as private; tried by sum-
mary court Oct. 25, '98, for violation of 62d art. of war;
sentenced to be confined for thirty days, and to forfeit
f 10; fine partially deducted on Sept. and Oct., '98, pay
roll, balance to be deducted noted on final siatement.
Died of smallpox Nov. 23, '98, at Manila, P. I., sick in
quarters May 22-23, '98; July 23-24, '98; July 31 to Aug.
4, ^98; Sept. 4-10, '98, inc.; in line of duty; sick In quar-
ters June 9 to July 7, '98; July 10-15, '98, inc.; not in
line of duty; sick in regimental hospital Aug. 10-12,
'98; sick in division hospital Nov. 6-23, '98, inc.; in
line of duty; sick in regimental hospital June 27-29,
'98; not in line of duty. Final statements and in-
ventory of effects forwarded to Adjutant General,
Washington, D. C. Due soldier, $6.42, excess charge
for State clothing, not credited him on final state-
ments.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; died of dysentery,
Dec. 8, '98, at Manila, P. I.; sick in quarters July 11,
'98; July 18, '98; Sept. 27-30, '98; Oct. 20 to Nov. 16, '98,
inc.; sick in division hospital Nov. 16 to Dec. 8, '98,
inc.; all in line of duty. Final statements and inven-
tory of effects forwarded to Adjutant General, Wash-
ington, D. C. Due soldier, S6.42, excess charge for
State clothing, not credited him on final statements.
Enrolled and mustered in as 1st lieutenant; on special
duty as battalion adjutant since May 15, '98, per Reg.
5. O. No. 44, dated May 16, '98; erroneously carried on
former muster roll; dropped by instructions of mus-
tering officer.
1
1
1
Portland-
Portlaud-
Portland-
May 13_
May 18.
May 13-
1
o
Plumber-
Teamster
Student—
1 ^
^1
Cal. -
Minn.
Or. -_
(^
1
1 1 ^
W . MP
1
Blue-
Br.
Blue—
If
1
^'1^ 00 ^ .
^lO LO lO
-1
S^ ^ ^
3
McKinnon, Charles—
Norton, Fi'ed J
Dropped.
Rhees Jackson
/si Lieutenant,
Hosted by
Google
P5
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 241
■<E /-^ <r1 .-J . - .'^ a? ^^ r-i ,^, ,
13 <1 O <1 -^ • - ?5 _. ,. ..
ill &^ i fill PJi
-^ M g v,P^
hi
^ OJ
g ^.s^.^SI C-^'^§^^'
S O a ^ 'S » s -i^ "^i! "-^ "S <^ ^
1(3
1^8^ &g-^^5« a-g SI
a||5.a^^S5;)lg.^-2|
Hosted by
Google
242
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Oh
o
Q
'^ ^
^§
a^
^ CO <X>
Ill
|§«
d '3^ *
PS?
^- P (D
goS^^
%^^^
O w ^
O 'I' cc
iD-tJ d
:: 32 =
(D
'Pl'S
a .,^
Bit
<^ Si
OO
1
1
Enrolled and mustered in as 1st heutenant; appointed
captain Dec. 3, vice William Gadsby, resigned, and
assumed command of company Jan. 30, '99, as cap-
tain; in command of company per S. O. No. 179,
hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Oct. 31, '98; confirmed and
made of record per S. O. No. 137, hdqrs. dept. of the
Pacific and 8th A. C, dated Manila, P. I., Dec. 14, '98;
on special duty as assistant mess officer per S. O. No.
67, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated June 4, '98; sick in quar-
ters July 23-24, Sept. 22-23, Nov. 3-6, '98; all dates inc.;
in line of duty.
Enrolled and mustered in as sergeant; appointed 1st
sergeant per S. O. No. 119, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated
Aug. 3, '98; discharged Dec. 2, '98, to accept commis-
sion; discharge and final statements furnished; as-
signed to Company G per S. 0. No. 119, hdqrs. 2d Or.
Inf., dated Aug. 3, '98; discharged Sept. 2, '98, to ac-
cept commission; discharge and final statements
furnished; assigned to Company G per S. 0. No. 9,
hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Jan. 30, '99; sick in quarters
May 22, July 19, Aug. 28-29, '98, Apr. 2-4, '99; sick in 1st
reserve hospital Apr. 5 to May 26, June 4-6, '99; all
dates inc.; all in line of duty; accepted commission
and mastered in as 2d lieutenant at Manila, P. I., by
Colonel 0. Summers, 2d Or. Inf., Jan. 30, '99.
Enrolled and mustered in as sergeant; appointed 1st
sergeant per Co. O. No. 7, dated Feb. 18, '99; sick in
quarters May 23, June 24-27, June 29, July 16, Sept. 12,
Sept. 24-28, Oct. 10-15, Nov. 18-22, '98, Feb. 24-25, July
17, '99, to date; all dates inc.; all in line of duty. Due
for deposit, $50, Mar. 10, '99, with Major Rochester, Jr.
i
■1
1
1
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
May 13_
May 13-
May 13.
o
Physician
Gas-
maker.
Merchant
|l
Eng-
land.
111. —
Mo-
s
•1
1
1
rn « fi
1
Blue—
Blue-
Br. —
si
Fair—
L^air-
Fair—
1
^g ^^ ^
«tO »o lO
1
! ^ r. To
1
Richard H. Barber—
Captain.
Delbert J. Sutton - —
2d Liexitenant.
Charles E. Baty
ist Sergeant.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
243
Jl; E ^ Ci -Ti rj "-^ •■-< CM C5 -^ r-i ^'
^^%^, * := ^-?S S^ a>^ ►^^•^-rt § 5'd^'"
- -^
•r:: —^-u<^ ci •1-1 tj 3 jif o ■;=; ^ >^" Tco O <^ "i '^ ■^
o-
:7^ &s^
•r; 5 O 9 '- ^-"^ t--
ax: >;: . ^ -
^ r/) S — r^ JD -e^ 'o
br'-eT
. -Q
bCr-
'^'CS -
^•sld-S'-oS^!
; q;* o
: OS
a-SIPl^^led
a>
.aSs bi>s £ aa^'^? g ai y^^::^^^.^^'^-^^^
,ci^
5^^
ffl
r«7i9 :
+^ <i5 S ;^ ^ .^ .^ .i^ oj ffl CD '^ H ^=^ — '■ ■ ^ ^ ^ ^
. .^ g ^ g ^f I:::) -- ^ r. :tf •" =«
:i^^l
^'^pq t^
-^ S O ci cp.^oc s-i ^ ;::i o fl <^^ 53 ;^ o cS o a'd § rj r^.S ^--§00 o
O
^H^
■^i:^'
'd
'^
'd
-TJ
fl
G
!d
CS
c«
o3
c«
Sh
u
0
0
0
0
Ph
a^
pin
(1h
CO
CO
to
CO
rH
>^
>.
>i
c3
d
Se
g
%
h5
^>1
CD
6
O
CD CS
pq
P
Sao
3
^
d
1 Ol
a §,
S:^ £
'S.^
%^^
fl^
S «
C^ =0
ce ^
a
W
w
&H
c5
02
rd
c3
0
d
^
Q
Hosted by
Google
244
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
M
o
o
9
o
o
^.1.! Orl'-rco5£'-::< rr^^nfM cr, ^^
f^ a;<>« . <^.r
,ga.2.
® r
O (dO
. ^T^rS'-l
'.M TO u ^- ■" CJ _ ;:^ h,' '5^ .rH ■ •- -jt CD .S c3 CD _s<i P4 ,
t3
. • ^ u
' '^c^^l.S s •. 5^"'cd',
a<t^Oi*^_'C ^'So-Qc^^ • ^^-^ T^O ^Q^' ^-p"
^S"^^^^
'^d^i
CO (PTIJ otj^^rq H^
^ OJ ft^TJ
— ^ — - .^ 1-3 03 -'^ C PhM <i oQ W
o
P4
■^ O Cl ^ , ^±d .tn
.=liaao-g.sfe
j . ii iM t-i « .y _ ^
p^ Sgo ft-d^? p c5 o
IB oP oSra^Hs'd ft
O
>.
cS
g
a
3
Ph
Ph fH
3
f3
p:i
Ph'
o s
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
245
-^s^.
"^ r- ' CD r* z: w ^ - •!-( '-^ ^T- <X! -t-3 Ci «x 0-.X,
.*o
.-^c^^-S-i
f^ .^ $ .• o 2 s^ .
■'- S .S a: ■^' t^ L? <
-5 .._ "^ r^ rj ^j t:; -r
^ c-^ oS r?S cs-iS ^ o o^r o.^- S Q? '-^
?33-Ofl^^O'gc^,
«.Sm o^ 000 OMr^ ft-d^ m'<0>^^>'^a
o
Ph
c3
^/a
^
^
03
5
s
33
' ;:^"'"'
o s
O
Q
Hosted by
Google
246
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
.Ih <i> 5
.^kS^^
'S„^
i jH,ot
.5.a^
:^^1'
'sp^t-^^
Oi 0^ O > S S? •'^ , ftfS fl-2^^©'^ oSt: G^ OPiO
S3 ^-^ ^^^ § § g =* ^==c ^g ^s a ^^^-^^
I ^^2 g gS^a g- -|| 8 ^ - - o g § g-|o-
g ftTZiot-SoQ^g ft-d ftSo a « ftcS c3.S«2a 0^73^^,
3 ^ "^ '^''
ft'^^^«2^§§0^_
1^ C: o "^ O JO ;l4 03 • 0) iC^
d-d (SS+S d g§n-j S3 hfl ^
^?-s.s5.:;-i;-:s§
sss^
W
M
o
o
<
o
o
•d
lft.2^Si^s§«;^Sb^-Sc^'
^ S3 00 s ri ^ Ssf'^ ^ '^'^ M +^ 'd r^
o
OS
3
►SCO
■^ ^
O^
c3
CI
i-:i
&
0
d
^
ti
^
^
0
<D
cS
w
g
?^
r^
_,
CO
C<)
1 1
1 e
! s
fl ^
51
Sl
1'
'§^
a«
o
m
w
r^
W
^
fe
^
>>
M
fl
tH
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
247
o o (^
rl U "^
,— .^©^•'-^
t— -4-5 f-l ^
05 a> oe :-
> o a-d
ftCJ ^(»
^j Q s-i S 2 "- 5 Ti ;J ?
p o c 2 £;
^ :^J coo ^ ^ .■;i .rt 2 .ti
t sh -h 42 o
E.2 S S 5
:!-;*-5
.t^ ?^ C §j- c^ S ^
1:*; O T I-:) -- . - :h H ^' e?
^^
t i: o
a
^>^^^>
- '^
"'"^ "oil W^O <^3^^ >^
Z'^oo c
q3 o (S3 ::2'^ o
^^-ds
■r-< — O ^1 - -i-H ^-z ^r-; *? .„ O QiO-j;^ ^ CD
'gi^'^ . £ >.2,^-;: o O 0 >;.^^^ '' ^^
^ q; c3 ft-r
^o.-
ri^gf^>
O '« oS G a; cj .. fl
rj
03
;-(
0
^
%
s
s
^
§
:^
'■■ ■ "" 4J "
S-3
u
0)
fl
(^
fl
CO
0
0
oi
CC
h^
g
H
Q
OS
ft
p
00
GO
^
cq
j
H
&^
0
•S
si
0)
0
f^
K^
fl
a
fe^
«j
ti
o
PQ
Hosted by
Google
248
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
m
P
M
O
o
J
o
IsiiSiiijfiiiiJii?
y^ ^ ' ri "T fa.
j^ a ^ o p,
"T3+^
.<;?3
rcoip
^ „^ '1' <»-(
gd.2d5o .ra^oaso^o^dj,^^^§>.t g^-Sflt^^
c3oo
otToTd
'dl's
S ^ '^
9^a
T? rrt .~< rrt \3 1^-1 +-" fci^
■ -^-s O ^, 02 O o ..""^
goo*'* is o o^
<^ia^^ t, S d >
?'c5T! o o !=* 5^ P
., . o fH^M o • b.
QC --^ 02 W <H -M ft?= CI 1^ •-'
O
0^
'd
d
o
d
O
a
Hosted by
Google
«:*■ J. lis
' y*t;*^ ^^ l^yifL ^li-lSI ■'■ ■
fe*. *u* ■-•'?'^''* ■'li""S:'^l^^^^'*^fito:i^fe
lf;a .-yif bjil:
■M m \l^ ^l^^ .-^.i^^":'*:-=W^■'
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OUEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH M'AR.
249
ere .^ g-d K^=^ ^p- .
a2-dt
; o ;
V •i^.t
03 ^h
Th Oca ^_
) <1^±
E.S'S^
w
w
^w^
-H'
ce
OS
+3
;-i
O
O
I^H
PM
CO
CO
>.
!>5
05
oi
^
^
?-l
rd
^
^
3
bfi
3
<^
t^
CS
fe
<t1
«H
O
CP
ts
©
w
fe
Hosted by
Google
250
OHT5GON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
ft
P
g
o
O
o
o
g^
^ 2 .^ •
a Pi fl o)
■>-■ .,00 -H (D
o ^> ao5
^ ® '-I '^ a -rt
>^r^^i.S
ilritis illsEi^ ^P^lil
if 5.=?"^ bgoi^ft^pj
&& Ori
"^ fl ^ § <^ ^
^3, .
>.WJ
'^"^B'^-Z^
^^.S^o -
criQ
igco.Si^^'sr^
J rt^ p ?
5.P'SSI^.^.'§-S^:§^
■< cS'aia,
[^.a-^ Oo
^1
o
P4
d
H
c3
O
k-5
s
^
1
X2
I
i
4
CD
u
6
. O)
H=>
o
^
o
^
i
?H
u
1
t
5h
pq
3
o
j
ai
CD
j
rf
Hi
S
^
t
cq
w
3
PQ
M
1
II
'3
'3
(^
'^
^
fe
fe
fe
ft
g
::;^
;^
^
fii
l^«5
t--
o
Oj
t^
^•^
lO
lO
lO
to
oJ
,_^
c&
Ttl
^
cq
-^
cq
cq
cq
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR,.
251
c3
03
Is
c5
Q.
P
p
p
o
o
o
o
p
5
Hosted by
Google
252
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
I— I
o
o
o
o
o
3 ^'?-5 B ^Poi
'So
3 ^bJO
5 o^-M fl^ g^ ^"^Oi-^os^j g ^O'-^
J c3 cv, ^ «: ^
=3.33?:;;
rce^.^'-^^
> 3
^o,-^P,^^c
!.te-S|o^^.^.g
d
T3!
d
c3
O
5d
pq
pq
c3
d
fe
c3
c3
^
m
p
c3
Q
d
o
o
c3
M ^q
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
253
^°^g ^a sr^ - ""^^^
^j'^^ic^r^^So^
■^ -^;iil^i?St2-
^3
i Q^
ci ,
>'5 '
l^'^i^
3 w-C!^
li o C 3^2 C
O fl 13 i^4Ji3 S
'^ :=- ■>! d !^ C
ac
ci -
^•;jpq-::;>o5-:-:;^r'oi.
■^H^
(. _n OT^ C^P g^ ^
o
0
(D
trs
a
rN
pi
ce
^
OQ
fe
0
{
ce
1
'3
^
^
4-3
<1
PQ
oi
0
:3
'-i
H-l
W
pq
^
Sh
^
ce
ce
c«
[x^
[i<
fe
OS
Q
o
c3
Hosted by
Google
254
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
2
o
o
o
2 .org^o^s^^J^^-
-tJ OP QJ nj P^
"S 32 TiS r^ t„
iS o ^ -^
S 2 25.2
** S n? L. "l,^^-^ f-i ^ ■1-1 _ . ,jd 5 B K. \:= . ■I-' Cf J (D m
'^^fl^f^5
'^ 0 iS -^ '^ d5 '^ - ;^ t3 o
-^ iM -=) ^ CJ
-^S Si-S-Sl deleft > I °5^^sn?2,S §5
^
3
eg
o
c
o3
s
3
03
::^
o
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
255
'0*0
.1-1 -■J «^ ^, • Ti 0 CC :s
5
■'- ex
. -" ;-; (D -X -
r^
S
a^ ^ ■"".:=! k.- •u;:z3 1
a c G g^P £
|S
pq
3
w
w
w
w
PQ
m
1
1
1
^
00
^
g
fa
3
Hosted by
Google
256
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
W
P
M
o
Q
OTi o o
o CO
^ q>
lO ,
-3 ^
^>5^^"t
Sc^t
I a
■fi^-rs S=^^ !=to •::; fl \, ^
r;1^C:, -1^ .^S^ a a >> rf) o:, ^ O . O . ^
llsi-^ll
<^j;
flt:
tH 43 (M Qo .;!. 1^ O
& , • S^ ,« -^ o vj
« r? _ ^* o S ^
O !» ^ Q 'SH ^
o ;^ ? I'
© ^ o ®,
; ^ ** O r^"^
•4d .5 ^ *
3- P 6«d '
^>j. .
. r~ !-i --, ^
8 28*
2 <^'^
W'
s cs o fl ;2
»- (P o
'^'^■^^ a
<i^ c 2 3
-d oT3 ^
-i^ CO
o^
So
as ^'
O 0)73
« s o
s o
o
0 +
o
o
«
p
oa
A
^e;:^^
03
Ti
^
O
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
257
HpSj3^
^o.^
ling's '^s^.l'S'Sg
o g
"v ^2i
^-^ i^tS P '
m
>%H«t
.^■Q 5s
> >'d 5
ag ojoT.;
^b-o
-^-^^ - -fig?5^^ Hi-r^.;: -i"^=M^ >.t'.^ - -
!^0
":§§
?^ a ? 'I'
g^i.o-=^o'3ceSpp^^S<j
;-si Q ^^ ^^ ^ ■+--' -+-^ .
^ '>^ a o * +-^ ■>! "^ '^ vj u :3 V 'd S ^ ^ "iij CD XJ o - r-i '
d flP ..7^:£^ c. == i^73 2 fl§? '>-- ^^ =^ ^-^ ^'
ilTJl^ii
5-1 O O ^HfvT
x-C^-^^
3 t.^
:=! "' O .p ;
a> p so
rd ^ © Q -
O
0
0
^
Ph
CO
CO
>i
>i
ce
d
g
g
o
Ph
O
32 ^
PQ
ft
P5
fe
~^"~
Ti
W
s
a
^
17
Hosted by
Google
258
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
'o^
iOQ C
oS&a>.|?3-S>'fl;
'C o
73 O-
floss's -S"'m-S2 flS-S-s § g g^5 ftj^ g9 p'S'
a5-ccf^,fo^^.^.5 org's a^^'g^^gc.'-flt;,^^^^ S^?^i^.S^g
. ^ z; o ^ "-I ^ w
o ° a >-^<i^ «3^
I *s^» s2isiil!5l 1 fe^^r.- g >i'
Q oi p, O (H q^cMtq S o3fi^'2
^§&.o§l£l%'^^tl
rcjHo 5
1 ft^iT.- sg^g ^r*g^ a g-q C3 § g d ^^^.s §§■§ a3^.of g^l-gi;;!^
.<i3^
SOarr'o-S
5f3l|p§=3l^ofap«
ft 0) <M t:j "oj ^
so;"
■ ^ 03 ^ S ,
03 5;) rj r ■ <:
o o3o ^c5 a)--<>..-->p M^ "tS 5:2X2 r 0^ OS -^ 03^-2 Ec .£^2 ^ 2 flP^'^'
a S OS o I cJkSSuH ^ 0^ §00 3 ^ « ?^ c 0? <^ P« OS ooi J;« « aw o2e2S
p^ c^pH^qS;^!^^^ a o ^?^ g &&Hc2-d o^Lf^O c^^S'd P^?^^ o P^tfi-;32°^°^
fttJ '^03..,
+J ^_3 -d r^ ^-^
•^53 0).;::^ . s:
;n3 ao c3 -^ +^ ^
0^ P § .2 ^ M
"d c5 v-i *i» 'tS r^
Q
M
o
o
o
o
o
t3
f5
Hi
O
Q
O
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
259
+j ^si .^ +j 55
^"Pl
•S'S^
C O ;
> t, o c^
0; Jh CC' CS
2^
■^^-< cS O a .0 •
^ O jr.
^ .^, c-! ^
iao2
'M csj "-: CO yj '^^
iT'd
nS « H+^
•'^T5rti)'S«rifi"~'-S'^, hc
ttSi S > 5 5^ o-r: ^ ^^1 ftp ^ ^ g^a^ -2^0 ^
sSp.2ce--r:;>.-^
^ C« ^H g'^ Sa^^- TS't^'^'^'TI^aS^'d P ^0.•^^ tlS ^
I^ ^.^r-. <^ O G rt^ ^ i^^ ^^iSTl! O G P-V G ^CMtn^^CsV G-S
^ f-^2
Gp,*^pO^ „
ii^gl!l&-Ce:g^^"^2^-ri
. Oi; .?G^c3 n^'^-^^^ c; G^^ o* G
^?^=s
H
-'H-
o
CM
o
OS
W^
bJOG
G d
PQ
ft
0
M
•d
'd
s
>5
G
c3
cS
a2
cc
Hosted by
Google
260
OREGON VOLUNTB^ERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
M
o
c
o
o
g.X3C0,
CD
^© K
^Oi'
oi
> . fl^ bcS a^'S ;> g.TJ ft*>! o'^^ §^
CJ fl O CB
^S
kO ^ r
'-' S <5^ .w R • CD *^
'^O'
:^S .'SS^&^^OS
CO o
o
>i^ hy '-'-' .-H rrt i-y V
O . CD Cj in g -^^90 W
o fl
7; ;?; tr
j a+^ fH^"-
"H
'cj
03
O
+=
i
(CL
^
^
M
^
s
u
0
0
cS
0
Q
g
5 s
;
1
SJ
6
0
c3
be 53
-^
1
j
1
*"
;-i
'^
u
A
pq
pq
pq
^
■ j
<D
CD
CJ
13
^
pq
W
pq
pq
33
c3
a
,0
. ^1
a
h 02
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
261
-^^:g?^^^1-2 mip^-d 1g3^^i1;^li.s?-;
=: B ^ ^ -2 "S cu" Tr;
9 CO
73 -^ o fH c^
t^ „ Ol -i;^ r^ O C5 r-T • ^ :
>— t -i-iS rA> ^-^ "-^ ^ r^ "^ rr ^"' *^ "^ - .^-3 •'"i CO
B S5£p fl ^ o B<2 ^ ^ S o ceo^
, - * 6 . ^ ' ^ ..
1^-;
jCtHrt^iHTj'^^^'" CO "-^ '>^ V^
'T3
Tj
d
S
c«
c^
o
O
Ph
Ph
■CQ
oo
I>J
0)
05
fl
S
Hj
OS
J
rt
0
0)
Ti
S
P
0)
0)
5
o
Hosted by
Google
262
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
. . ^ f-< ^ 'i^ a -^ ^ O t^ '^ >i r^
^ >'^ 'r^^^ O o ?S ^^^ ^'B
CD a fe'-sB^ ^^ cs^"^ gf 35
f- c S^ ° c
O o "C -^ • -+
2m Ct!^,
-d d i,2 >^s;=Jar
f^Oo.M'da2^'T,rtS3C^I^-^
CD o so r1 ^
cg (pndoo.^
CD fl OS"^ oS
d?=5£a..SS-
O ^ . W tH OD fl •
^.3^ o^-^ cs^.^ cc^'S a^.^ c
m a", -
rQ'd
cu£!
QO
<v
a I- ^
osOo
r^ d O
is«^s.§3g^
"ta-^^S-Too^ ' ^^ 3 S ^
^ o-d '^'^'S o d M'd a S '«^^ S =3 ^ ^
fl^ ^ cSP c3 c3 0 d^rt ^ d P rtrt O M-r: ^ Srrt
'd
o
c3
-4
fe
P^
En
fc<
^^
^
o
x>
t^
^•^
LO
to
lO
C5
'd
M
^
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
263
i: - feS^ u^ _,■_ . .r-i .-. ^ . u '^ 3 "^"i-' .'o r^ ^ ti -
g^^'S^
3 0 OmA
X s o 05 . o°^oi--=a-;->o fl > o a 2^ o a ^-S'fl ot^o^ oo^. fl .^5 o o ^2?^ ^-g "'m <:^^ c^ ^'cs og o
'd
'CS
T3
fl
fl
c«
cj
C3
iLj
^
o
0
o
PM
PlH
flH
!M
—1
CO
3
c3
S
^
o
o
^
a;
c3
^
.q
^
w
'1
^
§
^
s
oi
X
Hosted by
Google
264
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
P
I— I
o
O
o
1
Enrolled and mustered in as private; transferred to
hospital corps, U. S. A., per S. 0. No. 18, hdqrs. dept.
of the Pacific and 8th A. C, dated Cavite, P. I., Aug.
6, '98; erroneously transferred to Company G from
hospital corps per S. 0. No. 158, hdqrs. dept. of the
Pacific and 8th A. C, dated Manila, P. I., June 11, '99,
and S. 0. No. 28, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila,
P. I., June 12, '99; dropped from roll per S. 0. No. 36,
hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Presidio, Cal., July 21, '99,
sick in quarters July 5, '98, in line of duty; descriptive
list furnished. Due soldier for clothing undrawn at
settlement, Dec. 31 , '98, $34.76; value of clothing drawn
since settlement, $3.48 and $2.65; soldier to be credited
with 17.05 for reduction in price of State clothing.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; on special duty
with hospital corps, U. S. A., per S. O. No. 100, hdqrs.
2d Or. Inf., dated July 15, '98; transferred to hospital
corps, U. S. A., per S. 0. No. 17, hdqrs. dept. of the
Pacific and 8th A. C, dated Aug, 5, '98; erroneously
transferred to Company G from hospital corps per
S. 0. No. 158, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C,
dated Manila, P. I., June 11, '99, and S. 0. No. 28,
hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., June 12, '99;
dropped from roll per S. 0. No. 36, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf.,
dated Presidio, Cal., July 21, '99; descriptive fist fur-
nished. Due soldier for clothing undrawn at settle-
ment Mar. 31, '99, $38.87; value of clothing drawn
since settlement, $5.17; soldier to be credited with
$6.76 for reduction in price of State clothing.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; transferred to
hospital corps, U. S. A., per S. 0. No. 7, hdqrs. dept. of
the Pacific and 8th A. C, dated Manila, P. L, Aug. 5,
'99, and descriptive list furnished; erroneously trans-
ferred to Company G from hospital corps, U. S. A., per
S. 0. No, 158, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C,
1 dated Manila, P. I., June 11, '99, and S. O. No. 28,
i hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. L, June 12, '99;
1 dropped from roll per S. 0. No. 36, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf.,
1 dated Presidio, Cal., July 21, '99; descriptive list fur-
nished. Due soldier for clothing undrawn at settle-
i
1
1
s
Portland -
Portland-
Portland-
23 £2 25
b b ^ '
1 1 1
s
C
j J J
TS ti ^
5 B B
m oQ xii '
1
Ohio-
Penn.
Penn.
1
5^
1
1
Light-
Lt.Br.
Br. --
i
si
^ 1
o 2 S
fl fl B,
M ffl M
Light-
Fair-
Fair—
1,
^lO , ■ lO -iO
1
^ , . S^ S'
te
Creager, William A._
Rolfe, George E
Marcellus, Marius B._
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
265
§5 HiUM3mtisi'Bs§,
ce
m^^^rr
• £c o ^ tf ;r^
CO o
fl CS rt f^ 5t3J2i ^
'r/2.
'■> <o.
bJD'
^ u
,ce
''■r^qd r _r~'r^ Ah TJ .^ r-i
>|~, w tx^ t^
Sa^^,.s'^i=5iSP<f S-^J JlsS^lsI-l^
o^*^-'-!:^ S i» c«
^i^i^ 9 • ce M* S
o
o3
ft
P
Hosted by
Google
266
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAH.
Q
Q
O
o
o
s-S = >;ll:
E^1lltiill!iii^tiliBii^-^^''^-'
£iS2°:«3S25.
B'5-d S ;:
Oa;C 2f^-- *<ii'~.^
o
?
o
O
o3
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
267
S-' ^ TS k-J" ^:o
^
H <y !- C
O^ O c3 ^ . -
c (D r?'Ep 'si
S'^
^--' O ,/ o c .
0|
7aO ^o
30 g^3c]^c
■ ^>£?t^ x'^
'o a rt
ill
c3 Q; rt
^rt2"
3 a M ^c:>^ s
^cc-^
O ft"-* O S 1:^ 03 C'^'^- ^ ^ ^-^ a,' -'. ,. _-R.:lc^ -
■:c^=^^-^'^<^.
gg,-^p.2.:j|5^.|o| a Sill's =-g
^ C S ftp ^^> .0 ^ :3^.:^^^ S-^
>fta*^:c ..^H-^-
c/} (D O U
rj S C ^^C
^.^ '^ i § s^^ Z.""-! i ^^ .-^ H<i -^- § -
^^^^<5|Si|i|;f^|o||..^|||.^
^11.^^t^^gli^ il ^lli^^^i^l ^1 1
05
c
0^00 cs^^ ^^Ti Sots a<!^^
o
pq
0) Cj
2 o cs.!:
o
Ph
be
3
pq
3
c3
c3
-a
o3
Hosted by
Google
268
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
I ^ ^ § ! ^ ^^ i i i ^^ ^ I « a g
(^ B s 7^ 1 ^- ^ S g <1 s '
en OS .J-
.^ (-H '^ P--^ ^ -H — '
dg^.^i^g ^^g &§ d* . _
I I a ,^^ .^ ^ I ^ ^ ^_ O 5' S ??n ^ ^
o ^ % -^
Oj- r^ .H '■- t^ ro t>^
§^^:^^^l^^5^?^ sis'-
o^ ^ P.-^ ^ •? ^ "-^
-•rt "^ "• ^ '^^ " rf)
^ ?^ fa
; H, d a ^ a ^
j-T Ce (M ^-^ rH be '-^ >,
t ri B s :, i- 5 3 5 1 fl " i ^
c3
ft ."^^ '-^ --J' -t^ m S jH
5 S
3 "~
o
^ c3 o3 n5
^^':^ d ? ^ I ^ o d .t^ b - w .§ ^ a,
•3 S ^ ? I " I S I & ^ ^ I «= 8 ^
5 o- »• ? -2 II I 5 I ^ g 3 I I o
■^"^ ^ '-S '-S 1 ^ - ^ -
a ^ ^ ^ •'3
00, X3
^ a2
a .: ^ ^. t § i I ^ g g S I
(P 00
=« .^ -3 iH . ri =§
^ I § ^ ^^ 5 g § ^ i ^ s ^ § §
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
269
^i£
o ^
■3 C3 o
DS=3
O^c c
^--c o
^
Gi^^
•
?it:o
a
BOrJ,
OJ+Jr^
^
P5 c3fl
>^
cu
o
;S^
ir.
Q
^■-^0.^
^-^z1
■ "3;^ ■^ c6
p.ao
£73.2
-^ p 0
. ^ fl
I^t^g
S^fe
t: S a
c3 ^03
^ cCQQ
^0^)^
aS'^
■3 a
S5
0 r5
ttH 9
0^
coO
P'q3
r fl
5r: 0
OJrlJ
"^ 0
§Q
CO — < .;Ih
Ot5
'05
Is
gilt
^ C :3 ^
If} (/}
O-C ft . ^
ce o .!h ^ -
-< 5^ S 2 O
02 O Li t^«^
c .- Oic
>,'^ o
d'g
bJD
^^O— '-'<V;0 .O30
..^'^ CBS'S
+-' 4^
(2
3
o
o
>,
d
^
fl cS 'd
w
p
Q
p
p p
p ^ « I M s
P r«
P =0
o «
bo
P
§5
^ =^
?5 ^
a
P S
1 '^
■■tZ4
9^ §. =e §.
0 . 1 .
g s Is
1 s
c3 ^
P i
Hosted by
Google
270
OREGON VOLUNTEEKS IN SPANISH WAR.
M
o
o
J
^lT ^ I. (DIM
0)00 O
2 "
Cv5 !^ 0)
: ^M o S °^ <I5
^Ti^ ^ DO . -
<D
CP
<^rj
a^ s-i c^ ;3 „•;" c^ cB
^^P^'-S^-^St-^^^.o --a•-
frj OO -t- f-J 02 . • ;yj <M t- ^ -^ « 03
^ 6 "o 05 rs" k! S5: c^t;::^ 2 ^ c^ ^ i5
. 03 i-H 3 K
igfl si's
'Co '-
p ^P ^ *^"^ ^i^'tO'^ aw'Cl- ^j a: 2i .-So 5-,
a«2
" 5-1
^ C3 rlii ^ T^ '^
O -tf ^ O 5- i» P
^7S
■£^?|^
.Sp:5ogJ
I (D ^-^ cS CC
S'ad"25
CD rJ-T .
p-5_-^ "^ r-H
r/) . rM •"
S CP ;:;^ I
'd
OS
b£-S
O ft
a o3
o
o
^
M
Ph
o
p
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
271
^ c^i • •^■" oT > K.' ^ a "t; r^
Q..S r.^ Q?i o^ ps>:|I ?^^a;§^r5i^ s gj^. ^ .f^*
■^:m O) C3
^:^5P-^o,
O be- O 0.Ǥ
.„. ,y 5;: S c X 2; — 17 fl .
■3 •• o s~ ■5;=-...
- ii. « 6 1= c cf C ^"^^ t!
-lr--
•oTo Pi o
^2 ^o
w
aoc
m'
■^p:3'
eg
03
rd
o
o
o
o
J4
3
S
o
CQ
pq
3
05
pq
03
ft
1
M ^
1
- «
-J «
1 -
0 0
^ ^
+^ s
1 -?^
^ e-
•s -^
t^
i^
l^s
. sa
^s
a ■
w
w
pq
ce
d
M
Q
M
tij
B
'zi
i
pq
d
1
-d
CD ji,
^ o
P
S'^
4
a
O
St
Hosted by
Google
272
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
ft
P
M
o
o
W
o
I
ft
1
1
•1
1
1
de
d;s
1^
g^
catc
SS
$^
■S8
1%
|.s§
^^ d
Recruit; assigned to and joined company Nov, 26, '98,
per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs, 2d Reg., 0. U. S. V., dated
Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '%%] on special duty in regi-
mental headquarters per S. O. No. 29, Ext. 2, hdqrs.
2d Reg., 0, U. S, V., dated on board S. S. Newport at
sea June 27, '99; sick in quarters June 5-8, '99, inc.; in
line of duty. No clothing issued by State.
Recruit; assigned to and joined company Nov. 26, '98,
per S. 0. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Reg., O. U. S. V., dated
Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98. No clothing issued bv
State. Due soldier for deposit: May 3, '99, $15.
Recruit; assigned to and joined company Nov. 26, '98,
per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Reg., O. U. S. V., dated
Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98. No clothing issued by
CO '^ ^
rd^'S^
1
Recruit; assigned to and joined company Nov. 26, '98,
per S. 0, No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Reg., 0. U. S. V., dated
Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98; sick in quarters Dec. 19-21,
24, '98, inc.; Jan, 1, June B-10, '99, inc.; sick in division
hospital, Manila, P. I., Jan. 2-15, '99, inc.; all in line
of duty; tried by summary court Mar. 27, '99, for vio-
lation of 32d art. of war (absent Mar. 26, '99) ; sentenced
to twelve days' confinement; pay for time absent
deducted on Apr., '99, pay roll; in confinement Mar.
27 to Apr. 7, '99, inc. No clothing issued by State,
Sick in quarters July 6-16, 27-31, Sept. 15-20, '98, inc.;
sick in division hospital, Manila, P. I., since Sept. 20,
'98; all in line of duty. Absent, sick atSan Francisco,
Cal., per S. O. No. 63, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific
and 8th A. C, dated Manila, P. I., Mar. 6, '99; de-
scriptive list furnished; no official notice of dis-
charge; communication received from soldier stating
1
d
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
i
CO
June 28-
Junel4-
June28-
ft
00 22 ■
= 1
c
1
5
o
'd
P
Book-
keeper.
Draughts-
man.
Fisher-
man.
Book-
keeper.
Salesman
-
1
i
K
s
Cal.—
Wash.
Maine
3
Eng-
land.
Pa.—
1
3
>A W pq
H
Ph pq
1
oi
pq
d bo
d g d
£ OS
cq
pq d
^ pq
s 1
s 1
I
Fair-
Fair-
Fair-
Florid
Fair-
1
i^
^ ^00
1— i-<
^^
lO lO lO
LO
LO CO
j
a
n ^ ^
00
B ^
3
Roy M. Doble
Musician.
Privates,
Atwood, John R
Baker, William A.—
Chase, Louis F
d
s
Davies, Thomas H.—
Dodge, Julian L
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
273
^Q^;:^^
3 o
Wm
=s fi
,_, bJD
Pl=|
_-._i c » O f-
So^'SSg r^cxTo^^ Stamp's
o^'- = ^-
:c3
^ I fl o tc
>~.o:
C o =^ S* -t^
ft'-*-' >j " _
S'« 2T" S^ c=S ^co-i^^^^*^.^ "
--5^ tH?' >ir^
Or^^
0^?;
/S'^r
r^
CZ2H C MoQ OQPhCO
d be tiO fl 3
-d
t:^
C5
03
ti
0
o
^
Ph
CO
CO
>.
!>»
:«
c«
^
§
'd
Id
c5
^ -2 ^
d
^
fc &H
m w
cq pq
OS cs5
•^ .—I
O
18
H
0)
w
h
^
Eh
CJ
d
p"
w
rf^
ho
J3
;i^
03
0)
w
w
CO — (
WW w
Hosted by
Google
274
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
M
EH
O
J
o
55 3.--=^^
o <D
1; oc GO X is-i H <!;' ''
3-^.- s>
fie.
S^VH ft
Sb^2r
3 c
qOoS
d fi ^ ■ -• u.i
rf td :^"
cr-'-SG ^^
. tJ oi ' r— I • • oS
o^:
.2^-3>..-SS?.
i-iii'd
d;.
^ -«^^d
>ifttd!z; ro
o i! d fi ^ 5C o
■^2 2|ftd^
^d (D
a?? ^
fC ....
d^^
, (jj <u o
) P-cc ^«
1 * O t>v
. d-d
'dH^ c
q; d o)
d o o
-a "3
a ^?d ^ d
d ?^ . - >i ©
d, ^ C^ 5-1 -t^
d e© oj d
~ Cm +3 d (D
■^ ^ o J2 -^
-d °2« « fe
T^ =^ +^ J2 o
..^'g'd^-
r:o;
ro
d
Oj
o
P4
o3 o3
O !» CC Ps-M
O
P3
3
:^
S
>i
CD
O
x<
M
H
'd
d
3
d
X5
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
275
C
2 .. o cP-^.Sq
J-- '^ --H ao Ti 25^ . 1^ fH
J-i 0) 'ti 22 hr i^ •:::; ^-^
;•>> rbJD
r^flC^
!^ i^^'=«2$^!tr
>-r
^'r.
go ^m ..--2 c jc M V;. ^ ,^.
3.2 S^i r r.SB-S»rS2r
org 21^5 d
C5 0 -^ eg .2
o .-;^^«
«^^ ^^O ^>>
:r^^^^t2sS^i^^^Jo.d|
'"^S J S a . !3 b rS^ft-
!K d o a>0
a^_f^
o| S-3-S^|.S<|gg §p2^.l5gB 5^135 a^SslslSa
■S'i^
rS r Z^ ^ ".^ l^ 4J +-i ,r^ fii<
m Ph
^ p;
"p^
'd
'd
fl
fl
cS
05
;h
*H
O
o
^
Ph
CO
CO
>.
f^
C5
«;
^
^
'^
'd
fl
f2
CS
c«
O
o
Ph
Pm
CO
oo
CN
>i
(X)
oS
d
g
o
02
6 W
P5 a
v^ h^
•
H^
s
t^
!^
©
w
£iC
oT
^
o
t!
S
d
h4
^
c3
■1
1
1
5-1
1
1
[
1
%
CD
1
CD
o
'd
^-1
CD
1
!
a
a
i4
B
a
. ¥
M
c«
<p
J3
s
o
o
ta
fa
O
p:^
M
fa
fa
Q
O
i
d
t-5
a
1
[
^
]
O
^
35
1— 1
o
O
5
<^
u
5^
1
]
]
1
1
1
P5
^
pq
1
1
1
1
1
1
+3
^
S-(
'^
^1
«
fi
^A
pq
m
P3
pq
p;
pq
0)
(D
1
S
<v
o
0
0)
<Xi
d
US
C
13
3
S
3
p:^
pq
PP
h^
cq
pq
m
p:^
s
J
j_]
5-1
I
^-1
!U
^M
cS
cS
:C
ctf
a
c5
ce
c3
3
fa
fa
fa
fa
i^
fa
fa
fa
fa
:^
s^^
^
^
;^
;^
t-
O
o
oo
1.0
LO
?£r
So
>o
>o
lO
LO
lO
LO
ILO
a?
Oi
^
00
-H
^
00
IM
cq
iM
(M
^
[
{
1
j
1
]
]
d
!
Hosted by
Google
276
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
^'
Its g ".^
aJp-( '-' Id ^ !
ri +J ^"-^ ^
3 0) rjn ^ 'd '
=0 ,
°^;r;fl^^'' ?a-- ^ '^ rd '^ d S^^ fl 0
cr^ t>.o 5^ d
d o :3 -^
Zl rri .^ r-i 1^, O
Oc^ CO C^'O Q
a2 ^^d'"^
d
'd
<D
H CI P
lr"^-g d
S3 Pi'd
,\0 , CD
^.^
03 .rt <( '- s. ,ff! ^ c
>}ci c3 '
;7d
> ;^ rH
' O . ^rc * <3J o 5 *•
G -rH Oi jC -r- .::^ T-- C CO +:) -id ^ ni -rt <^
.«S5 ,, d:: d^^,:g^2PH*^ Ti^g-g ^^s'.io-Z^ -« -so.;:.' p,^
di 5 OQ - 5 r-^ !^
llpJilll ll :ll!.ii Ilfe.i.s|ll5f 111
"^^-^"^
^'
QD B
Q
o
K
O
o
7"!
0)
rpj
d
;zj
d
rrt
rrt
q3
tt
L4
^
£
£
^ s^
9^-
« 3D D^
C8
(1^
fl^ Plh Oh
cS
0
cc
P
(D
0
ce
0
flH
Oh
CO CO
1—1 rH
C« OS
GO fc
1
1
1
j
>^
1
1
!
!
!>>^
i s
:e ^
gi
0
0
6
&H
0
^'
1-
0
0
0
0
0 fe «
$-■
5-H*
1
1
si
^H
^
u
&^'
::h'
■§
M
m
fi
fi
P
w
ffi
eq
w
ffl
W
te;
fi
Q
fi
p
P
P
p
p
P
1
CD
d
CD
]
1
CD
CD
j
(V
1
«
d
3
'■■' f "
pq
$-1
S
h
d
d
d
3
pq
•1'
iu^
fH
^
S-I
u
51,
S
CS
crt
a
ce
ce
ce
• ce
cs;
r^
r^
(^
fR
fe
fe
U^
fe
";>?"
&H
fe
^
fe
^
fe
:^
^
;^
:^
g
;^
;^
::i^
t>
r-
fN
■ 0
c:i
GO
OD
C»
1
^^
i-O
tO
CD
LO
LO
10
10
LO
UD
10
§. ■' =■■«
b-
g
CO
CM
^
CO
C6
^_l
05
-H
-T!
C<J
C<)
JM
j r4
j
1
1 P^
H
-,* ■ .s
w
^
OQ
ffl
p
^ ^
d
0
J:i1
^
ce
d
CD
0
<
0
td
d
,d
ffl
ts
0
n
d
ce
0
(li
^
p^
Hosted by
Google
Oregon volunteers in Spanish war.
277
'O
-^
CO
St) !^ •
S3 . cS >,
oca ;
Cos
<5:
CM O "
"1^ :^^ O
"0^ O
'^Sh
. ' as '-: Q
^ aj G .t^ i?
O0 ' " ^
IslS
60^ g^-:^ .^0^3^ ^d o ^id i^
"lo3^^^ o j: ,. ;2 fl S K.-Js^-S^^ ^>.
^ '^^Cl. ^ p-i '3 P4-
-?^ S -r**^^ as i aJ
CQO Sh
5^ CS 5
O
fi^
Bbra 03= S^
ceS'cc
= TO
^"^P
^'<1
^^(14^02 OS'S ^^-^gg^^. g^
B •§ •GflS'^ .^^a8|^^t
© CO © CO (P -r^ .^; 5 O +i . • Jw "^ g^^ CS
O CO Eh
II^S^ c ^^<^^B.
so
OQ Ph
"^ ^-^ QO 5 S? ^- P-i .S 2 P <:^ !^ --i
o.SS-£S^^S.S.2gS.2fi
H CO CO
o
Pw
C5
03
pq P5
^
0+3
o
0
OS
0
3
W^
^
0
0
0
il;
u
fcn'
1
1
,J
1
M
pq
W
1
A
1
cq
{
3
P
P
S
3
in
fi
fJ 03
<1
ft
OS
O
OS
oS
pq
eg
oS
^. W
.2 S
o o
p^ p^
m
0
0
^^
T3
^
fl
t^
fS
r>
03
n
m
C/J
bD
Hosted by
Google
278
OREGOK VOLUNTEERS m SPAKlStt WAU.
P
M
o
Q
W
o
o
«
i
Recruit; assigned to and joined company Nov. 26, '98,
per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Reg., 0, U. S. V., dated
Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98; on special duty at regi-
mental headquarters per S. 0. No. 196, hdqrs. 2d Reg.,
O. U. S. v., dated Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98; relieved
from special duty per S. 0. No, 12, Ext. 4, hdqrs. 2d
Reg., O. U. S, v., dated Manila. P. I,, Jan. 18, '99; sick
in quarters Apr. 14-17, June 1-11, 14-20, '99, inc.; all in
line of duty. No clothing issued by State.
Recruit; assigned to and joined company Nov. 26, '98,
per S. O. No, 187, hdqrs. 2d Reg., 0. U. S. V., dated
Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98; sick in regimental hospital
Feb. 26 to Mar. 14, '99, inc.; in hue of duty. No cloth-
ing Issued by State. Due soldier for deposit: Jan. 11,
'99, $45; Mar. 10, '99, $30; Mar. 24, '99, f80; May 3, '99, $80.
Recruit; assigned to and joined company Nov. 26, '98,
per S. 0. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Reg., O. U. S. V., dated
Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98; sick in quarters June 1-2,
6-11, 28-29, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. No clothing
Issued by State.
Recruit; assigned to and joined company Nov. 26, '98,
perS. O. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Reg., O. U. S. V., dated
Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98; tried by summary court
Mar. 27, '99, for violation of 32d art. of war (absent
Mar. 26, '99, less than 24 hours); sentenced to be con-
fined nine days; in confinement Mar. 27 to Apr. 5, '99,
inc.; sick in quarters June 16-18, '99, inc.; Dec. 21-28,
'98, inc.; all in line of duty; Mar. 1-27, '99, inc., not in
line of duty. No clothing issued by State.
Recruit; assigned to and joined company Nov. 26, '98,
per S, O. No, 187, hdqrs, 2d Reg., O. U. S, V., dated
Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98. No clothing issued by
State,
Sick in quarters Sept. 12-13, 19-22, Oct. 27-30, '98, inc;
sick in regimental hospital July 11-27, '98, inc.; all in
line of duty. Due soldier for deposit: Aug. 8, '98, $25.
Recruit; assigned to and joined company Nov. 26, '98,
per S. 0. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Reg., 0. U. S. V., dated
Manila, P. I., Nov, 26, '98. No clothing issued by
i State, Due soldier for deposit: May 3, '99, $80.
1
1
1
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
The Dalles
Portland-
The Dalles
i
■ i-j 1-3 hs ^ 1-3 ^ hD
o
1
1
Lawyer —
Book-
keeper.
Farmer —
Farmer —
Laborer-
Salesman
Farmer —
ll
Or, —
Eng-
land.
Mo.
Mo.—
lowa-
N. S._
Vt. —
s
•S
t
1
1
pq p:i pq pq, cq pq pq
S .2
Fair-.
Fair-
Fair-
Dark-
Fair-
Pair—
Fair-
1^
gut) to ut) to tO lO tffl
i
^
2 ^ ^ c^ n c^ ^
>
5
Stillwell, A. J
Teesdale, John J
Tindall, Gregg
Tremont, Roxie
Turney, Isaac
Ward, Wiley W. — _.
Warner, Kenneth G._
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
279
; jii^.?
>P?
c^ —I o cc • r - ?:?
3D
H-^fH Cci
i-"^C3"
d ^ oToo 5
a;
5H
:<^
= s^i^
^gi^
C . ceo <!* ^ "^i -^w .r- ,--, ^ (i,
2ll£»=
O m o m K
op-':l^i^=^
3^ r P
^•^ ic -^ -S' — '^^ '^
_ far "^ . ^ 'd 9^_ r, k!:^ C -jS -^ E ce ^ '^ *^ -
o
Ph
o
'd
o
Oh
c3
P
o
m
OQ
OD
w
Ph
a
H
j
j
d
]
fl
1
1
0
0
g
§
0
3
u
u
Sh
u
J
tn'
1
pq
m
pq
^
\
pq
i:^'
fi
p
h-^
P
PP
P
M
1
J
oi
a;
{
1
CD
u
^
3
J3
s;
u
s
pp
pq
pq
pq
pq
M
PP
S3
^
00
,_(
0
>o
cc
cq
cq
(M
!M
CO
i
{
^
1
I
Ph'
Ph
0
1
^
d
Cl)
<
^
C5
fl
0
0
aj
t»
+a
eS
cS
^
^
^
fe
o
a
.^ Cj
Hosted by
Google
280
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
M
Eh
o
o
W
o
o
1
Discharged at Manila, P. I., June 12, '99, per S. O. No.
157. Ext. No, 8, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C,
dated Manila, P. I., June 11, '99; under provisions of
G. 0. No. 54, c. s., hdqrs. of the army, A. G. 0., Mar.
22, '99; discharge and final statemen ts furnished; tried
by summary court Mar. 14, '99, for violation of 32d art.
of w^ar (absent Mar. 11, '99, less than 24 hours); sen-
tenced to forfeit S3; deducted on Apr., '99, pay roll;
tried by summary court Mar. 27, '99, for violation of
32d art. of war (absent Mar. 25-26, '99, 26 hours); sen-
tenced to be confined twelve days; pay for time absent
deducted on Apr., '99, pay roll; in confinement Mar.
27 to Apr. 7, '99, inc.; sick in quarters May 19-21, July
8-10, Sept. 15-16, Oct. 26-29, Nov. 3-7, '98, inc.; Jan. 29 to
Feb. 1, '99, inc.; sick in regimental hospital Feb. 3-13,
'99, inc.; all in line of duty; sick in quarters Sept.
20-25, '98, inc.; not in line of duty.
Discharged at Manila, P. I., June 12, '98, per S. 0. No.
157, Ext. No. 3, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th
A. C, dated Manila, P. I., June 11, '99; under provi-
sions of G. 0. No. 54, c. s., hdqrs. of the army, A. G. O.,
dated Mar. 22, '99; discharge and final statements fur-
nished; tried by summary court Mar. 27, '99, for vio-
lation of 32d art. of war (absent less than 24 hours);
sentenced to be confined four days; in confinement
Mar. 28-31, '99, inc.; sick in quarters July 26-30, Sept.
6-10, 19-22, '98, inc.; all in line of duty.
Discharged at Manila, P. I., June 12, '99, per S. 0. No.
157, Ext. No. 3, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C,
dated Manila, P. I., June 11, '99; under provisions of
G. 0. No. 54, c. s., hdqrs. of the army, A. G. 0., dated
Mar. 22, '99; discharge and final statemeiits furnished;
tried bv summary court Mar. 18, '99, for violation of
62d art. of war; sentenced to forfeit f 15; fine deducted
on Apr., '99, pay roll; tried by summary court Mar. 27,
'99, for violation of 32d art. of war (absent Mar. 26-27, '99,
31 hours); sentenced to fourteen days' confinement;
in confinement Mar. 27 to Apr. 10, '99, inc.; sick in
quarters July 14-16, Oct. 10-14, '98, inc.; in line of duty.
Pay for time absent deducted on Apr., '99, pay roll.
1
J
1
1
1
Portland -
Portland-
Portland-
May 13-
May 13-
May 13_
1
Lumber-
man.
Newspa-
perman.
Student—
1 i
O M O
1
1
1
D. Br.
D. Br.
Lt.Br.
1
I 1
S S ' pq
■S--
^lO ^ >o
1
2 ■ 1^ S^
;
^
I
Bodley, Arthur W.-
Coleman, Frederic A.
Coyne, Frank B
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOUTNTEBRS IN SPANISH WAR.
281
• -t-3 a. • CO Q S^
1^ -^ -n vi t^ -^ c
6
00
|I^J§l3^:!i:'
^11 Si o^Sfiiai
Cw^ ^«MCO
53
C3 CC. -FH '-^
,-S -H- 4-» ,lJ C3
Q) c3 "^ 5 S
•xi c2 .-4-2 o 7: fl
OS.SS
-5 c3 5:3 ""t^ S «2 -,
■^^w^OU
J^ajccg-i^iDS
S^^^'gWHV-
0 '- g rt i«^ rn
Ti
'd
'd
'O
fl
fl
s
fl
c2
c3
c3
05
t^
Jm
0
0
0
0
Ph
fl^
^
fl^
Cit)
CO
CO
CO
>j
>>
>.
>>
e«
C3
C3
03
S
^
^
g
3
^
Q
0)
c ce
"3
0
pq
3
a]
0
1
;l1
1 •
^"
:i^
Tti
b-
^
^
g
10
LO
lO
>o
•uO
^^
-C s
w §
-^
^^i^
rt
B
0
be
rQ
S
-^
^
03
OS
0
w
w*
^*
s
0
c5
V-l
o
Hosted by
Google
282
ORliGON VOLUNTEERS iN S1>AN1SH WAR.
Q
W
o,
o
W
^ 13 a <5u fl oQ s,
GC ^"So^ d c« ^-
CO 30 02 q; c» 'S '^l
f4 -d oj o S • .^'~'
^ c; 5g flS ^-^o
- OB c3 +^ ^^3 •- •
. 73 02 _• t^ c6 0^ ^ o a
0 fl fciO 03 ;> G >>!=! ^
ace a .-g , tfl '^''^iB
Ph ofSrtS^g^
.^Sfiio;^.
ra,p;
<^ '^ SL. "^^ § .-
=^ o J3 g ^ - G
On CO
;^g.
; o o
^q^^
.rt cc^o >^h-j r-^ tM a
o o - >»5 ^ . C 72 i=! G «
O 05
O 5 ''^^•^^^ a^^ a^
(jj -^ eg
rt O 1^
O-C ^ Q
■O ♦- CD
«oofl
-(J CO
rS g^^^^^' oi-^u^^^ j::72-^^K r^ bio^fl-3 w ;'-' csrrt 'r'S ^^~
'-' C3 C! O ^•^t' '
5 fl C3 c
ACS* fH O
a: prCI
dP .a
^^;^^,^aa^^'c
HSdSl
o
Ph
"•"P
o
Q
pq
^-5
pq
ft
pq
fa
oS
be
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
283
" ^'^ ^ fe g
^-^ Ol »-^ -^J iv^,_r w>
1.1^^ CO = ^- ^
g 6"^ o 2 >> .
2R cfi ^ d ^ - -
o^^^io
~ a; +^ i! in •
cegc-^
£C-2a;°fs. S r» -==1
0-+
?a?*
^ "^
• 5s..
^ 'o ^ S 9<.S
IP^'^ceS
^ dp
V^-B^r-h^r^- -ego. •
SoJs^o ^
IB o n 4^ • t^ C^:;
.^?,1:
, cc crsL
03 S ^
^^«.^=
.^^ ^'s^.S'S^:^!"^-^^^
.i: '^ on « ria
«^'^-
g CD +3 CT'Sq i
^S^G.^'^^i^^'^
: bc^
20 .^..
■^75^5^^,^,
TS
'CS
'd
73
1:3
^d
CI
C3
C
s
a
c3
03
c3
OS
oj
OS
+3
^
5-(
lu
^
IL^
0
0
c
0
0 ,
0
dl
Pl^
Pl^
Pm
A^
P^
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
CO
>,
>!
l>>
>>
>i
>i
c3
o3
ce
OS
o3
03
^
S
1^
g
^
g
03
pq
PQ
pq
pq
'c3
'3
c3
w
^
a
b
Q
'^ o
^
^
C
•^
«5
P
^
1 •H
ft
oT
be
1
c8
OQ
Q
0
. Hosted by
Google
284
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANtSH WAH.
Q
P
o
12;
o
o
M
<^
o
o
1
Transferred to Company F, 2d Reg., 0. U. S. V., Apr. 21,
'99, per S. F. 0. N o. 5, Ext. 4, hdqrs. 2d Reg., 0. U. S. V.,
dated in the field, Malinta, P. I., Apr. 20, '99; tried by
summary court Apr. 10, '99, for violation of 62d art. of
war; sentenced to forfeit $3; tried by summary court
Sept. 24, '98, for violation of 33d art. of war; sentenced
to forfeit $3; fine deducted on Sept., '98, pay roll. Re-
cruit; assigned to and joined company Nov. 26, '98,
per S. 0. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Reg., 0. U. S. V., dated
Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98; descriptive list furnished.
Due soldier for clothing allowance, Dec. 31, '98, 16.92.
No State clothing issued.
Transferred to regimental band per S. 0. No. 51, hdqrs.
2d Reg., 0. U. S. V., dated on board S. S. Australia
May 24, '98. This man was transferred from band to
Company M, 2d Reg., 0. U. S. V. Never was paid.
Descriptive list furnisued. Due United States for
clothing since enlistment, $18.02.
Transferred to hospital corps, U. S. A., Aug. 5, '98, per
S. O. No. 17, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C,
dated Cavite, P. I., Aug. 5, '98; descriptive list fur-
nished. Due United States for clothing since enlist-
ment, S21.93.
Killed in action Feb. 22, '99, at San Pedro de Macati,
near Manila, P. I. Buried in Paco Cemetery, section 9,
niche 2. Final statements and inventory of effects
forwarded to Adjutant General Mar. 1, '99.
Killed in action June 3, '99, in San Mateo Valley, near
Taytay, P. I. Buried in grave 34, National Cemetery,
P. I., near Manila. Recruit; assigned to and joined
company Nov, 26, '98, per S. O. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Reg.,
O. U. S. v., dated Manila, P. I., Nov. 26, '98. No
clothing issued by State. Final statements and in-
ventories of efl^cts forwarded to Adjutant General
July 16, '99.
! Died at sea en route to United States of "typhoid fever,"
! Sept. 24, '98. Buried at Portland, Or. Sick in quarters
June 18-24, July 14-16, Aug. 13-24, '98, inc.; sick in gen-
eral hospital, Manila, P. I., Aug. 25 to Sept. 21, '98,
inc.; all in line of duty; absent, sick since Sept. 22, '98,
i
1
1
1
1
£
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Pendleton
Portland -
June 15-
May 13_
May 13-
May 13-
July 6-
May 13_
1
1
Teacher—
Laster „__
Clerk
Mechanic
Laborer-
Student—
^ g
gl
i
1
M fl pq H^ ^ P
i
oj h 1 CD (D 1
S p pq cq cq Pq
si
Fair-
Fair-
Fair—
Fair—
Fair-
Fair-
1
S^g ,^ 00 ^, g^
•^
55 g^ 5^ 2. ^ S
5
Lafferty, John L
Sherman, Ray M
West, Peter F
Died—
Killed in action.
Hampton^ Edw. W.-
McElwain, William-
Died of disease.
Ordway, Eliot W
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
285
3.1
O ci f:* g^ 3
TO 03 Cj '^ S C ,w
p^^^.-so^g; njgs-'cg ^^p^^^^i
c ft
O M
^.1
•^ -^ (:3 'S o O i^ '" ^ •- ^ "^ c -T^ '^ M '"" v^ <^
-?^ O) C rj
■"-i '^ ij 'i n
.-^^^
'i§^fl>»CD^Sf^.2^
^S^-2fidSs^o^..ojgg^
.«- „ . ^ c +^
'Vs r q o :d 53 o a
OS
O
o
ft
CQ
ft
0
^
03
Q
.d
Q
^
a>
>
^
O
P^
ft
39
Eh
;^
o
o
P5
O)
•-^ 92 t-f ft
Q ft X3
1^
^ ^ <§ ^
"-- 's s §
fl -s ^ o
^ ^
OS
be a
t3 t-^ c
^ ft CS
H .be
M Ph
M S o
S .2 c
^ « -d ce
^ ^ CO ^
s -. 1 1
^ g <i
S 5 *
b '^ ^
s ^ -^ ^
g ^ !» ^
^ f; ^
v^l -^ 25
or iZ2 ^
<^ bfl
. o o
P. H ft
,^ i I ^:
«2 n V^
^ ^ O
<1 rt
o
>
CD
CO oi
be S
> ^
5 S ^'•
S 1 O
in)
^ § ^
CD
^ 03 i-s
i^ O M
u o3
^ I «
- ft. S
.^ o ^^
3 d (i5'
^ -jf o
'^ B '^
d ^ +^
be O
as
'd bD
Bo
- d
^ !^ ^
Tf( <q CO
=^ rr-!
S^ t
.§ ^3 <^
? 'd •
-d
ft
ft 'd
d o3
O 'B
CO CO
- d
'"L o
rd
CO cjo
^ 00
- o
d ^
-o ?s
O ^3
^ -^ 2 -d
d ^ oe
d 3 ^
3 3 iS
^j" 3 «0
^ < '^
^'^ a
3 2 «
hs d o
. ^ !Ih
P^ 0^ :;3
■? s _^
cs P :;^
o tG d
Hosted by
Google
286
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
o
o
2
S
o O
CD cS O
oS <»
§=»^
>5 (i> oc
ci n c
ft c2
6^5
Qj © eg
^^
oo
<5
O ■-< o3 .J 9
CD i-*
■ ■•V o
^GSI ^ ^+^ - (-) K.
. Poo^-^T
^_3 yj u^ (i) OS t^<— )■
z^u w rf ^ ti; _j .
-■ td 5 b:j'^ Q.Srrix3.:: _'^ ^ 2 eg d-d M jg eg P cy^
"^■Se
'Xi
c3 c3
bet: o3;o'i;<?2'i:'"^^ii><a)a:>'~'&c™S -
(In
o
05
03
^
S
O
03
O
0)
o
J3j
i!
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
287
*^^ r.':
^ - i* ^ 05 :
,d C C :» c
^ ^ CO (X)
35 .M ,i;i ^ 55 -^ g^ y C OJ
d;=3 ■ o
3^-:3
los:il
i C -d .« 03 Ti
3Q
'•^ C? o
^H-d.rn'r.rHOmi^^l^^ •-iA''^ ^^ (Vr- C —
C C G . '^ -1
Q,^ -y] S - ^
■^i ZJ -^ uj
1 o c 0)
k^ 0 -^ ^ S5 ^ LO ^ -r* 13
3 OS-
3^^.^
^ -- •-' -5. i; t- ""' i-i rt 03 -f
02
3 cp 15 GC 5^ 5£- £
^03^ d ^^^ d ^1^ P"-^ d-^ ^ P - S^- ^^^
I^^ CD-
?^^
t3
O
Cm
£
o
Oh
o
^
5
;0
Q
8^
O
Q
c3
pq
c3
03
fa
fa
g
0
Oi
1:^
1>
OS
10
10
lO
10
LO
10
LO
LO
^
^
CM
S5
B
^
i^
a
0 -TS
1
03
2
1
1
1 ?^
fl '■^
c3 «
1
02
S"
W
32
"<t
m
«5
&^
<^'
;:1
0
w
PP
CO
ft
c3
rt4
fl
1
5
0
^-5
0
£
fa
0)
h5
H
fl s
M
o
03
Hosted by
Google
288
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
5
o
o
c
o
ft
Enrolled as private; appointed corporal Jan. 3, '99, per
S. O. No. 209, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I.,
Jan. 3, '99; in confinement June 23-24, '98; released
without trial; in confinement Aug, 1, '98; released
without trial; sick in division hospital Sept. 11 to
Oct. 16, '98, inc.; sick in quarters Aug. 26 to Sept. 10,
'98, inc.; all in line of duty. In the settlement for
clothing is included $11.16, total value of articles
issued him by the State.
Joined company by enlistment at Manila, P. I., Nov.
24, '98; enrolled as private; appointed corporal Jan. 3,
'99, per S. 0. No. 209, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila,
P. I., Jan. 3, '99. No clothing issued him by the State.
Enrolled as private; appointed corporal Jan. 3, '99, per
S. 0. No. 209, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. L,
Jan. 3, '99; sick in division hospital Mar. 22 to Apr. 2,
'99, inc.; May 18-31, '99, inc.; sick in quarters Sept.
14-22, '98, inc.; Nov. 24 to Dec. 2, '98, inc.; all in line of
duty. In the settlement forclothing is included $11. 16,
total value of articles issued him by the State.
Enrolled as private; appointed corporal Jan. 3, '99, per
S. O. No. 209, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. L,
Jan. 3. '99; sick in quarters May 29 to June 2, ^9S, inc.;
Jan. 21 to Feb. 5, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. In the
settlement for clothing is included $11.16, total value
of articles issued him by the State.
Joined company by enlistment at Manila, P. I., Nov.
24, '98; enrolled as private; appointed corporal Jan. 3,
'99, per S. 0. No. 209, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila,
P. L, Jan. 3, '99. No clothing issued him by the State.
Enrolled as private; appointed corporal Jan. 3, '99, per
S. 0. No. 209, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I.,
Jan. 3, '99. In the settlement for clothing is included
$11.16, total value of articles issued him by the State.
Enrolled as private; appointed corporal Jan. 8, '99, per
S. O. No. 209, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I.,
Jan. 3, '99; sick in quarters July 7-8, '98, inc.; Jan.
11-13, '99, inc.; all in line of duty; in the settlement
forclothing is included $10.23, total value of articles
Issued him by the State. Deposited $20, Aug. 8, '98,
1
1
1
s
Portland-
Oregon
City.
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
£
May 14-
June24-
May 14-
May 14_
July 11-
May 11-
May 14-
s
c
5
Farmer —
Paper-
maker.
Weaver—
Student-
Student—
Weaver-
Farmer—
£
Or.—
La.—
Conn.
Or. -.
Utah-
Ger-
many.
Or. —
1
1
i
hi
a.
Br.
D. Br.
Br.
Blk.-
Lt.Br.
Br. -_
Br. —
Br.
Blue-.
Blue-
Lt.Br.
Blue-
Blue-
Blue-
U u U t^ 'J, U u
fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
s- ::^ ;^ ::^ ::!t :^ ^
giO lO »0 to lO LO "O
^i^ c^ ?s ^ ^ ^ , ^
i
s
George L. Cason
Corporal.
Harry C. Enkins
Corporal.
John B. Finley
Corporal.
George Lee Harding.
Corporal.
Lionel A. Johnson—
Corporal.
Max Kesselring
Corporal.
Frederick J. Powell__
Corporal.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
289
,iO r^* S c 'I' 7 — fl -^
c« ^ ^d s .2 ^ 00" ;3 G '-1
• - ^ ft^ .S Jc 5 ^ d
= ::3 ^ H ^ '^ ^ '^
c:if .
o 3
:ri^ c ce-S-XJ Z^
O -^ C^^ - fM '^
i&i^li i5iS!J:i*«eSii iSMII
r^ S -MO aO
.'s^^?.^ :-^^^^ ^rogl-^^^^'^M f .'I-^IpIi ^^--^f ^I
Ji^-S^iifh^^^c
rC Q> f-' ^ r-i i::^ --;
^ t£ CP ^ f,^ '^ CO
- O
_'Oh
'd
tj
d
o
o
o
Ph
ce
p:i
pq
Q
3
pq
p:;
;^t
(J) ST
CIS
ol
P I,
rd
fa"
o
-d
fin
-d .S
s
19
Hosted by
Google
290
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
G .'^+3 0
o r' w d'T;
+tiS^ OQ d CS
^ • -^
dSI ^s^^p;^©
^ dcft
p_i^o o
cc;
>jkQS " CO
gee
So
T"-i 03 -^J +3 hr .1, t:^ n! '^ C3 .fH ^ '
>, ■- ^ ^ 53 <( ^ O ^ +j d j3 J^
d'~'73 c3 oS**
fl G d
>
^"S^-S^'.-^^OTJ .
il-^SdtB
l^fcoH
^d
so'c
< CO I;
?^'^f 111
d --i -d . bJD S,s
d^?^r
H P>i.d
0) *H ;i;
^ G > (DQj
"^ cor
^ o^
P OS n, -r-j 71
'■1gd§i^5'S„^
■^ ■£ >^ T^ •" P^T. ""^ rH^CC 05 ci <i^ .2 o c5
^>4t^^,^d^5^^sSd-^G2
02 ^ 02
■;dd^^ftOrA)'C
■2§5idP^'§i
'g-St>,8ogt^^
^^J . CD
.d o c d
O 5j *^ '^
.„ CB d M t^ . ■*::^
^ u CD <o »a} =^
^.
Jo's cS^
fl CD ^ O Oj "^
rR^+^ B^ of ':3
w
M
Eh
o
Q
C
o
d
be
o a
G c3
C6
d
O
G
3
d
c3
2'
3
03
0
y^
fl
0
0.
0
a
«
s?
3
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEP^RS IN SPANISH WAR.
291
o . ^ o t: ^.t^ CO 'c!
-t-jcTO
;<^*
5£ &k: '
• t-4 1^ tJ "^ si ri :S •"
<i^ .^-
§Gcf52g.S.2-S:
2|FE --§^g 3|s^ d-^ |-s g £6g| ga| 2 1
-'^'^%|i^;.Sg^3|
fo^.S" . /
3C
>>
-d
dl
1^
0
0
Ph
?5
-^
0
f>>
03
^
§
03
5
>i
>5
CtS
03
g
^.
o
Ph
o
03
P3
^
g
,-H
^
_^
CA
,_(
g
CM
CO
(M
!M
(M
t
j
t-s
tri
1-5
'd
H
K-:5
^
^
0
a
G
tJ
H
d
Hosted by
Google
292
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
^^
11 ^^S^
r^ '•^ ii ir „
O '=^ J. ^ « S^ "i^ ?» 9^ S 5^
^'^'P t
" If CI
.2p a^^^^-^^S ? d M 3 S o55?.S;^ gS^ig^s o;^;^?,^ rt^^.S.s.S.22
Q
M
o
o
o
o
be
X5
d ^
S
o3
fe
h:^
>>
W
O) oj
OS
'^
d
o
d
o
>.
^
^
^1 ^
c3
O
eq
Q
c3
03
CS
fe
^
^
d
OS
w
W
d
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
293
"^•" CD O
cnco ''^'
f> ^ A^ r\ TTl *-vi ^ "^3
> o
^
BS M^O
' £ ^ .-z; c 5 :=;
JScs'^Qc^oo
=3
fl^^a^o.2^?S'dg:j
a .«r.-='c!^^o3 s'g ^d o^cf ^ i^^f^ -B >^^1
!pStlll3ii|lPillilp|i.li|pfP|llil|!p|yin^
-" "^- "-"- " ^^^^^ ?3.a^al.s'^.a6-s?5'g o^.aS.2a >-s^.a^5^5g^5 ^ ^.a 3^^
02 CCi-5l^aQi-:0 M
fe
^
o
&
^
00
o
^ ^
c3
!3
^1
c^
q
g^a
1 =*
;2 I
ft
ft
ft
03
Q
a
,t4
03
3
o
c3
c6
c3
eg
03
I
o
o
03
o
03
O
1> J-
10
rH
10
GO
g!
zo
1
10 to
LO
10
10
LO
)0
to
10
LO
?5 c^
a
?^
g^
8
00
05
R
s^
Hosted by
Google
294
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
o
o
•5: bo
^00
00 "f
d^"S ctj:;^ s^tS "^
^•r'oi^a'^co^.SS^ ft^
.^, O) 05 7^ CD ^ h)r >3 -jj^
o t: M
sa
75 T't::!'-!
ojT; (TO! 0^-25 h^^ 2 r„^
5=S-§>..::^5-. o^
■5o^t:a3d53Qfx,g|
o o . ^ CT'"^ rj o ""* *^ d ^ 5-
C^^CN _ OQ 03 d CC !>5'r^-^ C3
(Poi^^d CC.rH-r^n ►'t^tj
q^rf:f:rp!'S 9,
o " r-^. +r *^ a:)
. ^ >
^ d o
,-, ?^> P UH -*-="T' "tf Ti '^ <s)
^!i!ls-^^ ii^itlallil Mil! J
ooii^'^S'-^ 5$co j^'
i«-i ri O !■_. f— '. if-' ^ _S t:' J!l r-c
ajri^^oT^oS^'wcrd'd^
£d Lpfl d-i^^-^o ^-^i^^os
-Mdf^^X'.^doo Oi'^ 'g
^2'd.l'^fl.S.Si^^^
S fM ^'qS '"I'-d '^ d ^- C
a^^d-^^'^^^^'sj
p.|l|5 ||.s|
-.2'd^oa;^,'S"^dd
C' o
£
o
u o3
0; <D
g
o
Ph
3
fe
^g""
o3
fa
M M
Ph
03
PQ
P
5
fa.
c3
fa
r-( CM
P5
o3
O
fa
>
P
c3
fa
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
295
^S
o^ g-^ft G^.^^-
a 13 ^ • ^-3 ^ 1^ o <^ ^'^ , +j cc i-^
5^ - _^o^ a '^
a M ^
d d ;>
o
iO^"
^^^
i 5:3'^,5 ^-^
o3d
3^ ill
jr -te =^ 73 1>
<1 ^ =^'" C i:^
'^r-;
:=: PhC
• >*
^.P^''-^
m o
3Q *-: O GO
"^ "^ ^ c: cc'^ 2 '^
#SsaS^;is
■^%, 'X t>. V 'O OS cu TS
a5 S ^ 2 '^ oo~S .;:: s 3 -^
m ^ m
0
0
(^
Oh
'^
■rtH
>,
>,
CO
C^.
^
:^
o
O Ph
ts
03 fl o3
1:- ^ ;-.
(1( <! flH
oj
cS
H H
03
^ o
3
pq
PP PP
PP p:)
n
aj
Qi
0
>,
rrl
jH
u
bf\
5s
n
C)
(.)
0
c:)
^
^
c3
^ ^
s
P
H
c
;-i
03
CP
bC
0
::^
^
c3
03
CO
Oi
lO
g
g
00
S
?
10
kO
>.o
10
10
to
0
lO
10
LO
s
QO
s
^
a
5^
^
a
ca
X
S P^
o3
Hosted by
Google
296
ORE3GON VOLUNTEERS IK SPANISH WAR.
Q
W
M
o
o
o
o
1
On special duty in quartermaster's department since
June 15, '98, per R. 0. No. 7, hdqrs. 2d and 3d battal-
ions, 2d Or. Inf., dated S. S. Ohio, June 15, '99; on daily
duty as train guard Apr. 6 to June 12, '99, inc.; in con-
finement Oct. 31 to Nov. 8, '98; released without trial
(on investigation of the causes of above confinement
by the colonel of the regiment the soldier was proved
guilty of no ofltense); sick in quarters Oct. 26-27, '98,
inc.; in line of duty. In the settlement for clothing
is included $11.16, total value of articles issued him by
the State.
Sick in division hospital Sept. 20 to Oct. 4, '98, inc.; sick
in quarters June 1-7, '98, inc.: Aug. 27 to Sept. 1, '98,
inc.; Sept. 10-11, 14-19, '98, inc.; Oct. 5-17, 24-26, '98, inc.;
June 13-20, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. In the settle-
ment for clothing is included $11.16, total value of arti-
cles issued him by the State.
Tried by general coui-t-martial for violation of 62d art.
of war; sentenced to confinement for one month and
to forfeit pay for same period, per S. O. No. 49, hdqrs.
provost marshal general, dated Manila, P. I., Dec. 19,
'98; fine deducted on Dec, '98, pay roll; in confinement
Dec. 9, '98, to Jan. 18, '99, inc.; tried by summary court
for violation of 62d art. of war Jan. 31, '99; sentenced
to forfeit $10; fine deducted on Feb., '99, pay roll; sick
in 1st reserve hospital June 5 to July 18,'99, inc.; sick in
quarters Aug. 2-6, Dec. 13-14, '98, inc.; all in line of
duty. In the settlement for clothing is included $11.16,
total value of articles issued him by the State. De-
posited 810, Aug. 8, '98, with Major Kilbourne.
Joined company by enlistment at Manila, P. I., Nov.
24, '98; sick in quarters May 24-31, '99, inc.; in line of
duty. No clothing was issued him by the State.
Joined company by enlistment at Manila, P. I., Nov.
24, '98; in confinement Dec. 1-5, '98, inc.; released with-
out trial; sick in quarters Mar. 26 to Apr. 2, '99; inc.;
June 4-7, '99, inc.; all in line of duty. No clothing
was issued him by the State.
Inconfinement July 20, '98; released without trial; sick
in quarters June 6-20, '98, inc.; not in line of duty; sick
1
1
1
1
Portland-
Portland -
Portland-
Albany —
Albany __
Portland-
i
May 14-
May 14-
May 14-
July 14-
July 14-
May 14-
1,
Clerk
Student-
Editor --
Farmer —
Laborer-
Mechanic
1 "^^ : 1 "^ 1 1
Ph vi^ > M O O
1
1
5^* 1 1 III
,pq ! . ! ' ' '
fi P5 pq . pq pq pq
i
1 ' CD . <D CU <D (I)
C B B CCS
Fair-
Fair-.
Fair-
Fair—
Falr-
Fair-
*^Q0 O 00 ^-,LO O
^LO lO lO lO lO lO
=55
^ , ^ sg eg 2 -
;
Patterson, Frank
Perry, William M.
Poindexter, F. L
Porter, Leonard W. -
Purdom, Arthur F—
Rath, Charles J
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
297
^5~5'5:2^_c':a.:?S%q^ 05^-^^ §
' ..c 'S d Th -o -^ •:::5 h 'S ^ TS o ^ o *^ ^ a ^-' ;:::^
.-o ps ores
c^^^-
^#i^ii%i!iisii!iii;£iSrl
>2 '=«
J" TO
Goo >,
w ^ O
Q>
■-< i'^, i: ^ r*
'CS 3 o =J ^
c3 •-•'-' ^
qc
^ <=/geg u:> HH 1=
•"5
^m'^'
...^u.
H5
M
^•^■^w uuj:r-, 0
'd
-73
-Ci
'zi
'^■
j
TS
>i
'a
fl
fl
C
a
>5
a
id tf!
a
Oj
c3
03
c3
d
03
?P
c3
u
;L|
;h
^
S-l
-i::^
?-(
<D
^
o
o
0
O
O
0
^
0
dn
Qa
^
^
Ph
<
Ph
0
(^,
Ttl
■^
2P
T+l
M^
■^
-tl
CM
C<l
>>
>i
Q
>^
>,
>.
>,
05
>i
cS
03
ce
d
c^
«e
^
^
^
^
g
1-^
^
0
g
fl
<p
J
a»
0
0
o
03
^
S
3^
c3
03
0
'53
h:!
OD
y-\
Pm
&H-
^
^.
p^
i
1
d
j
j
;
j
/:3
j
0
^
O
O
1-1
o
O
0
0
^
^1
0
t3
1
1
i-i
1
1
1
1
pq
^
^
s-<
• &
M
.
w
«
pq
«
pp
ft
ft
M
^
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
^
,^
H
-iil
CS
CD
S
03
fa
rt
JD
0
CD
P5
X3
-J"
0
>i
fa
fa
P^
fe,
fa
fa
fa
fa
fo
00
0
^
g
^^
(X>
^
Oi
g
1,0
1.0
a5
10
1.0
10
LO
1.0
LO
(M
3
'^
8
a
Cfc
s^
^
o
a
o3
a
^
CO
Hosted by
Google
298
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
ft
P
o
o
o
o
II
o
i^
^
03
PP
ft
PP
ft
03
oS'
:^
c3
03
o
c3 O
a
^^
,M °
^ .
o ^
CD p
!:i^^
.2
Sh-O
>
^«
^ ?.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
299
- r^ i-. C <0 >^
2 5- C •♦^ -i
-^ To c3 4) -^
^ O O - c^ .„
o ci' 'J2^ *^ ?f?+j oo -^ <-! . ^'z: iTi rf^ +^ o ;;:^ ;:; rr^ 3 -r
QJ S
Cf«^!.
:gi"s§^ii
.— rt>,'^ ''^"■^ Cu--^ k"'-^ H'^'''*-< r; d 3 ^"^"tiT^
.S£d
^ bJD'
n
C
^05
i%m^i °ot %mi^^%m^^-4mu^i a
^' v.* > •'-1 't: o Oi !» f-i ^
GQ
o
>5
c3
OS
ft
d
fe
e rd
o
CO
85
2
CO
^
h4
03
it
1
02
a>
0
X3
?: ^
SI
ft
o3
H
►w 0
s«
r; ^
d
0
SI
da
IS
ce
0
^M
t^
^^
d
+3
0)
s
ft
Hosted by
Google
300
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
a
o
o
► y .S S -d d ^ ^ "-^ '^ o n 2 «
',o3g§^-?^J
"^ 2 '^ 5h Sc
• ^ fl< o '^
lo <^ 03 C i^
--^'^ dS^^-5^^
isd:d x's ©-^^
. ft
^..^^«3^0
00 > i^'w r/5 .
^^^'^oE,-
::-;, ftoQilH ^s^.^.:^^,^!^^
od
S'dS fl
s
o
OS
' ^ r-%^ M XI "^
-d o^^hXI'C^
-— ! oS 133 32 Oj ;pH
rt d c "^"x) w
0) "^ "^ ^ 'S ^-l X5 "^
* fc. S rti 05" S ^- ''* S^^
;|5pdd::^o|So
03
O
03
O
o
qS
03
XI
ft
+^
Hi
+i
c3
w
0
5h
u
c3
■cS
fr*
^
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEEK.S IN SPANISH WAE.
301
d ^
a1
hrt '^ v-^ S :: ^
7; 32 O g 03 ^
oT ^, -.D t>5 ^ =; ce '^ ;=
^ « d g^ ;2jisj ;:m
n:) n^ C3 a r: rr) rr\ ^ ~r.
cT'-- OM G-^ 'i: opq o .^r^J rd?3
^ o c c: cj ci Q^ S ::^ 0'C^H cS.S-Jf
. irrl C -^ t^ ►^.'^ :3 -^
2 ^ n :l ^'OO'O cS^-^S
r I^ O
--AG
dO^^
^ /5 »fQ Oo
o3 0) « Z'^'d ? "^ ^
^O "^
Cd
30
o
,0
5
OS
c3
O
p:5
03
^
o
'^ '.
1
I5 M
d
ft
^ q
^
Hosted by
Google
302
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
"^
«
OS
^ "^ fe
^ ?H
!^ "S' g -2 g J^ >. i"
^^ & il § ^ I ^ I s p^ o
S P^ fe ^ ^ £ <^
Vh ,^ ^A
H-t ri -, r/2
^ Sc of i:! ^ 5^
ITt r-H +j r-J r^
-q 1-5 'sd
5 t^ -i^ '^
^ ^ ^ .2 p <| ^ ^ ^ -r;
<^ -5 13 ^ bi)
b ^ d o "s ^^ ?^. §
' W S3 rj:j P^ ' rt >1 -^
R^ .^ !^ 22 ^
03
Ti
•C
^ )
Ph
"S
03
i:^
i:^
&H
c3 c3 ^
o
g S g g § ^ g 'g S) :.• s^ 2 ^
f^ r^"^ t"! A^ ^ 'i ^ r^ B.
bfl.d GOO S'^ !=^uJ^
.«« § •§ n ^ ^ ^ 03 ^ c3_
oS
S <3i > ^
o , o M -
•s ^^ ■:^ ^ S ^
c^ h
■ ^ rd
^■^^'cf 1^1:14^^
§" :; .^ 2 ^ «
rl d '^ rrt
03
J ? a c5
a '^ h
M <j ^ 3
fe ^ >? 5 H-- ^ .>; >, q[ 2 a^
.a i5 -S S § =s . J ^ =^ r^
^ 'IJ- d" 1 d > Q^ =^ a 3 a -d
^ "6 (f2 o -^ ^ c« 's:^ <1 "C H
Hosted by
Google
OBEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
303
Cm
O
Q
S Mis
^ o M
r< CD X
o o
-a
ft ^
eg d
Q O
oo
Remarks.
1
Enrolled and mustered in as capta
Jan. 11-18, '98; Jan. 22 to Feb. 7, '98
hospital, Manila, P. I., Apr. 16-2
Apr. 26 to May W, '99; all dates inc.
Due, pay as captain from date of
29, '98, inc.
Enrolled and mustered in as 1st
quarters Aug. 21-27, Oct. 1-15, '98;
Mar. 16, Mar. 26 to May 2, May 17 to
inc.; all in line of duty; ordered t(
general of the army for discharg
Par. I, S. O. No. 157; order revoke
department commander, departi
under date of July 14, '99. Due, p
from date of enrollment to Apr. 2
Enrolled and mustered in as 2d lie
duty with Company F, 2d Or. Inf
per S. b. No. 47, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf
returned to duty with his comp
hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Jan. 30, '9
command of Hotchkiss gun per S
battalion, 2d Or. Inf., dated B^eb. U
S. 0. No. 152, hdqrs. dept. of the P
c. s.; relieved per verbal order of
Or. Inf., under date of Mar. 22, '9
Aug. 17-18, '98; May 14-17, May 20
dates inc.; all in line of duty; in
pany per verbal order of commai
Inf.; confirmed per S. O. No. 154,
Pacific and 8th A. C, c. s. Due,
pay as 2d lieutenant and captaii
'99, and Apr. 16 to May 1, '99.
1
1
■1
1
1
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
i
1
Surveyor-
Clerk
Plumber-
li
—5 5-^ ?H
fq o o
1
1
1
1
S 0) i
S 1
Fair__
Fair-
Fair-
.05
to
sea oo ca
^' LO »0 lO
OS tM O
C^ C-1 CO
'
i
Elmer 0. Worrick
Captain.
Ralph W. Terrell
/St Lieutenant.
Charles A. Murphy—
2d Lieutenant.
Hosted by
Google
304
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
M
"A
o
o
M
o
o
-^ Qj' f^' s CD a; o i;^ rH f? - ■
S cS ,. o-^« ^^ Z^ O^ u -
p O CD a.^
'> . _, r- Ch * '^
Sod „
Ci .7-05
^ t< E? 0?
fH ^ XJ P
O) (11 C3 -^
o d ?H S= ^ +^ c-n
e^i
rj (D/-N »fM
!u n, ft O^ be— T: cf' ^
■k2 ;:: o 03 o Oor^-.-o
o
f3
Q
1 s
1 3
§1
§i
ti s
so S
^1
.=^ ^
b "^
O Co
w?
as
O
M §
H
D5-
^
1^
C3
c3
n3
W
H
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
305
Sfl
;q oo .^Q
'S
^ cS
;-c^^^>?^^'«^:
- 1-^ *bile S lijs ^ g -^ -5 *-5 i^ o =^ o p^S
oi^-^gg 0) g ..^^t a^ a^*^a^o.^&guf
o^ gcc g^ ^^ g ^^iT^^^-;^ o-r ^ i &
.i:^^ 3
S ^ (D f-< ^.W"
o
m ,—1 i^^ ,— 1 1h ^ "^ 17-! lO r- ■ , -■ ■ ■
^T^P.M oS^ ^.t^^^ 5 £ 5 29 ^Q ^-^
-^ . • cs ^ +j gs -j:^ ^cs a}
^i;;^"^ (D d 2 2" £
?i^ "^ '' '~
bfl
'd q^ / !7
^1^
d'c! - C3 O
<'c< :rr1
^ . o a '"IS
TO 0™-('— loi
fl
1
s
a
0
0
c^
Ah
OQ
03
ba
cc
Pi c3
o §
ft §=
o s
20
t
o
Hosted by
Google
306
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
^C3
^fe5
03 OJ O <>l ,_j r^ ..^ CO sg '^^ CU
,^+a C^ O^. „ -.H3 - -
"« o^'rt >^ " M K. ^ ■r::' J3 •::' "^ '*-' c3
S'o"
8 gig- g^fsil;
On ft*f €^5^5=
_ as
^ Sni CD
02 (T) rj
a; a C3 03
2 d ^ o
CD ^ O ^ • ft»=i 05 d C<l S
-- •S£«tiS==sS.2sl,?3.S^5 =
g X fl n 5 ^ "3 ^ ^ =^ ^'■.2.0^.^03 . ^ ;^ ^ 'g -^ . ^^
H
p
I— (
o
o
J
-d
o
o
c3
;^
bjo
0^
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
307
'^H^ .u
SS.0.2 -»
eg
„ be . ID
W CD '^Q
'S '^ '?? e^3 "^ q;'
.^■".^,E^1 ^g^S\ .^fo'-P^
5 C c3 .^C
^ .rt Oi '— '
CjbqSci^o-o.:
^aq,
ja 03
o
c5
3
w
m
m
sJ
, 1
S-!
c^
03
as
fe
fe
&-
1^
TJ1
r-H
lO
lO
ZD
tH
r-(
CO
CO
S<>
«
o
Q
<
n
<D
1
d
o
071
3Q
p^
|Z5
05
P
Hosted by
Google
308
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
P
M
E-t
O
o
o
^emar/ts.
Enrolled and mustered in as sergeant; on special duty
as clerk A. G. 0., hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th
A. C, per S. O. No. 50, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and
8th A. C, dated Sept. 16, '98; returned to company per
S. 0. No. 95, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C,
dated Nov. 2, '98; appointed 1st sergeant per Oo. 0.
No. 8, dated July 20, '98; reduced to private from 1st
sergeant per S. 0. No. 141, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated
Aug. 27, '98; appointed corporal from private per S. 0.
No. 6, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Jan. 17, '99; tried by
general court-martial for violation of 62d art. of war;
found guilty and sentenced to forfeit $10, per B. O. No.
50, hdqrs. provost marshal general, Manila, P. I., dated
Dec. 28, '98; fine deducted on Jan. and Feb., '99, pay
roll; tried by summary court Nov. 16, '98, for violation
of 38th art. of war; sentenced to forfeit S12; fine de-
ducted on Jan. and Feb., '99, payroll; sick in quarters
May 31 to June 2, July 25-29, '98; Apr. 22 to May 26,
June 2-3, July 10-15, '99; all dates inc.; all in line of
duty; on special duty as sergeant major, 3d battalion,
2d Or. Inf., per S. 0. No. 2, hdqrs. 3d battalion, 2d Or.
Inf., dated Feb. 16, '99; returned to company per ver-
bal order of Majoi- Eastwick, under date Mar. 26, '99.
Deposits : Aug. 8, '98, |35 with Major Kilbourne; Aug.
11, '98, $35 with Major Gambrill; Mar. IB, '99,S25 with
Major Rochester; May 12, '99, S25 with Major Coffin.
Enrolled and mustered in as cook; sick in 1st reserve
hospital, Manila, P. I., May 9 to June 15, '99, inc.; all
in line of duty. Due, the diflferenee between pay of
cook and private for months of May and June, '99.
No clothing issued by State.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed musi-
cian per Co. 0. No. 7, dated June 15, '98; in confine-
ment June 20-24, '98, inc.; released without trial; sick
in quarters Nov. 10-17, '98; Mar. 9-21, Apr. 5-9, '99;
sick in 1st reserve hospital, Manila, P. I., Apr. 23 to
May 16, '99; sick in quarters May 31 to June 11, '99; ail
dates inc.; all in line of duty. Due, pay as private
from date of enrollment to Apr. 29, '98, inc. Deposits :
Aug. 8, '98, $25 with Major Kilbourne; Sept. 15, '98,
1
1
i
S
Portlands
Manila-
Portland-
May 14_
Mar. 21_
May 14.
1
1
Book-
keeper.
Clerk
Eng-
land.
Neb.__
-2
1
1
a 1 J
1
oj 1 2
s id
3 1 S
^1
Fair-
Fair—
S t> 1 to
^>o ^
-^
1
^ 1 ^
Is
Ernest Edelsten — __
Corporal.
Herman Breyer
Qoo\,
Elwood Clark
Musician.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
309
^2
5£ '^
i'^CE
C3G0
ificft^?!^
LTCI
=^ hC^
.2 ^^^TS^^ "^ ^.2
> c3
Sri3
cB o3 CS J!
^-03
Oo^^:
rQoT
'•S^'
■he
^ 03
•SS
?.^4
?C: o 03 r
■ r - .,-, LO "^ ^ fl
i|-?|lfiSllls^^|§SS3l£^
w
Sti^^sc'S ois^p »i2=SaQ-s
Oco'-*'53ri,£3cD^
p . O Q p +^ jii" CO
OS
&
^
4il
pq
P
3
PQ
P
p
fe
fe
fe
[i^
fa
^
0
,\J1
2
00
CO
>o
10
10
»o
10
-^ §
'd v
j
(X) g
fl 0
Ph'
^^°
(^ m
e d
0
P c3
^
-^
C5
04
Hosted by
Google
810
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
M
o
J
O
o
S3
03 1
^0)
COJU ■ go sg cj cc d
TO 4-3M . '^.^ •-
'r| ^CJ jh f^ ;- 4J '^, 05
t3 o cd _ !:« ri^"!^
ro-d'
; ^'^r^n
1 1 1 15^:5 a§IU|1ISlplll||ps| a U §s
-•S _( S^ S ^ s " « a
^'1^0 sogers
c3
o
o
(1^
CO
ft
«
<D
0
{
<p
]
^
1
d
d
"3
M
pq
■I
5 .2
6 §
'3
i4
"3
03
f^
"S,
fe
fe
Q
fe
fi
g
]
^5^
;^t
;^
t^
o>
^
^^
«?
lO
10
LO
^
^
?a
CO
T*<
00
-t!
!M
,4
Q
•
d
1
d
rj
s
^
d
0
fl
5
^
0
1-3
'd
0
.
3
'S
0
02
t^
c3
d
h3
'O
d
0
d
0
5-(
?-(
!h
c3
<I>
cp
cS
pq
w
M
W
■ 0
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
311
: ^ 5
) o 5 vJ c
1- E^ ^-3? P r
w^
^ OS d ^Irrjnjr
■ o 2 ' o
a2 G=^ -Pj;^
c3
Cl <D c
2 t^CCM
r CO ,N '-' '1' ra
oT "^ ^ -H '^ ca
3 ""^ cd c3 o (-3
a..^& ^§3.s
eS'SOQ
^^^
^^S^I.SiS^o^.Uort.i^.'g^g
3 ^'^ ^8^ _i;
i-^-s
-) t^ 0)00 00 i?,-rC
,c3g osSoQ^ O^^ ^?^0ScSc5'-5rH.;=;,i:lc3jgi-j d^OQ
t5
o3
o
o
Ph
X2
S
-d
s
p:i
p^
'd
ft
:3
^ CO
00
^^
lO LO
>o
I.O
lO
?5 E^
^
s
2
o
Hosted by
Google
312
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
0
M
o
M
cm £: 3 1^ '^ :3 4i^ r ^
3-^ O O >
'd^go-ss-.p
ii> +.
4)
|^.S^ aF^ |^^'P|^^^ a^'^^? g^^.SBft'd'SS^gii'SP.^SgoP^
o
o
o
^g
,0 ho
'S
^§
c6
cq
d
tH*
05
W
^
c3
P
03
;::i^
Q
o
cs
P
Hosted by
Google
■Mf-^
cf '""^f
PiT^> C| j^ \i -^^ #' "-^^.^'
.^.m *^ '.*:,*# I'M,' fc-^'i 'Nf
=S
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
313
'O -oo
e;;f!l'3^Sg^-.r^rt^
^•S^^ -S'^'^O C3c5^-.S^ S^H S^-^-^St^'kS
r.ir^i pl||.^illi!"ra;- -^.
-I TT • . • rH hr^^ 5s ., '^ rts n^ *^ ^-, n -O
'^ i2 73 ccT^ b. tS - S
- p •J'-' .M 4^ 00 S
o
03
w
w
fl
ft
o
0)
0
■0
S
w
P5
t:3
u
u
j
c8
c3
CS
fo
[i^
fe
g
g:
lO
lO
LO
^
CM
oo
C<l
'5
Hosted by
Google
314
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAK.
H
P
M
Eh
"A
O
Q
I
O) d 5^ 40 '^ fl *'
_, 1^ ^ W
^!m '^■^ "">« ;;*
"tJcs;
=^ g 3^ o Ofl s
O) OTJ 1^ CD G O
^'^ CD °* O ^ '
b o cj a S ^-^ .
03 CD
0)-
tS CD
SoS|g.|
ftO, o) 01 <vh •'-' ^ ^ ^^
.^G
o ^
3 &ri.'-/S:! oS^ ^.-^ i^'^-^
53 03 5 O
j>+j ^'d-j-':t^«M d (^ !> !^
"S J^Si^i ^ 3 o ojg 5 o
:o^
^>.x^t
c30
'?5^d
• d <^
d-^t^a,
Bongos
'^S.
d-^ CD
S'^^'S CD
.^ri '^'^
^^-M CO ''
d|5^^pidip5id:^iiiii.s^is
a^'S'^2 ^2 =^00^5 o^^^ --^ u.d o§? !m 5 ««^-^-
2^5 .-{j^d'd .'^oi sh z; CD b'.^t!;S^ q; d >- o
ill
OS rj ,0 d
ts
'd
d
eg
CS
5-1
0
0
^ ,
dn
^
^
g
0
o
M Q
J^
M
J4
s
X3
d
:::!^
1^
d
o
o
o
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
315
Ci
^c^O
^00 :r; cuoi
t^ ,-L t- n •
.■p, -^ "^ .;:::;
log
c3 jS c3
oo,
.??%
-=* >2h ^3 ^ CD -^ r-J >i q; (D cv) ^^
-Taj t>.2
s 9 >.x:
•SilS.£3^|,.23|^Sp
*^c 02 ^ d'^ ^-^ CCS-;
?> ^ CD hfl ?^ "
t^"^
O io -4^ 05 ■+^ 4-:s r/>
o
o
c3
!-j
a>
^4
0)
QJ
CP
a
a
S
B
-d
^
cS
c3
fe
fe
fe
a2
o
bj^ri
is]'::3
|.
1
o
:!:^ fl
.t:; a
CO
c3
a2 ^H
0
^
o;)
<D
]
Sh'
1
M
4^*
m
^'
W
PQ
W
h^
P5
<D
oi
CD
CD
I
s
d
d
u
M
pq
pq
p:;
PP
?-i
J
5^
^1
d
c«
OS
:8
03
fe
fe
fe
^
[i^
g
~ ':^
;:5^
5^
5^
Oi
1>
o
Oi
lO
to
iO
lO
lO
^
^
CO
CO
Tt<
CO
1
0)
^
a
u
-d
o3
d
d
fl
Tj
-^
^
^•^
+:'
nd
CD
0
o
u
03
0
0
W
Hosted by
Google
316
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
P
M
B
O
fc^
L --^ ?n CC ^^ .2
3 '■ .2-'S?'^
^ 7^ CM •- <
(T( V . ^ (11 rv-
^oS;^
-!3^
be
cp Q '^oo /-;
a^g^^^^.2 ^I'g-^^.g ^i^^^^i',;
ii'gS'^fri ^?§^i-S S'^.§,^:ag^
■.< f^ ^ i-JJ ».s
•r-l CO CSjsJ . s M
CO -■ tn
'd . p>
iCO
^ p^ 2(N Ph
<^ d c3^ OM _C S'^.i^^'^
^ G'd'-Jt^ d fl » p,
^S'^l'-^^S^^?,'^:^^^
o5 cuitS
^s o
^ ®
H H W
■-air; o) S'S'^^sh 0:1!
=^^1^212 §SSS3^^1|g|i|
<
o
cS
fo
o3
c3
t-5
13
P5
o3
eg
c3
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
317
:a2
- * T ^ d rd ^ '-'or:
^ lo ,;i c ^ u - c;
I— (
fee"
r^ — • *-< ?i n '"'
?^ CUM
PO '
■rf^ .
eg ..c;3 -
I ,
c3 cc
ens •r' ft
CC r,
S^^
-^ f3 S ^
rr! "-^ ^
5 "" d
p; :^ TS '^ s:j' -^ ._ oC' O -
^ - F r:^^^ ::? ~
© o o
OS
f=5
03
4-5
0
d
fc^
" :^
B
p
Hosted by
Google
318
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
M
en
o
M
O
a; -1-1 cS
+j CPHr
OS ^^-^
13 & -i^'^^^a
!-i< ^ a 1^ •-• "t: -r M
Jh tj <j "a! • »• prt 'c« ,r
^g'gg::]PHqt-f;
— O ^ !=1 S "-^ . ^
m
0 O TO
\^^%^ .cat
.--r, y _j r/^ ii_i 'i-s
t^'"^-^ Eft do dCD^^ o
P O t^' ^. '^ CU
* rjr'o.O
OM^Ci
^'>i^,^^ d^
S-i o ^
r -j ■ -- k-1 c 'Td O n
i CI 5i
3 ^ nd £3 -^ri .j:;^ ^ ^^ ^ c;;
^t^:.p,*t^°o
P.^5 he
sf^^^^gapl
CUX3 ^'
^^ aft
-d CD <i^
^^&§
0(X) p,G
rS 5=!=: ov
03
O
>.
^
^
03,
c3
1^ S
Cos
03
1^
::^
pq
03
ffl
c3
^
i
IC
_,
^
c«
OS
'^
c<»
■M
cq
fe*
1
[
?.
%
OQ
^
o
c3
a
S
i
0
-d'
o
^
0
>i
d
^
-d
>^
>.
o
d
o
o
QC
q;
■iH
3
3^
o
o
o
^
§^
^
^
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
319
o . -i-c s Q (^rrj o 0D-U5 D .►^ cii:;
i^>p
O (X) oi "— ' 'jH u 2
H .>-^ 3 G ri
5 •:=! <^o "^ *■
S^^ ..^-g >,0 COT'S OcT . c.t^ .
0) ^'^ O o
cS
CS
g
^ CD C5
o OB
Q
03
w 3
ft H^
pq
X3
3
S w
3
t-
CO
to
■ 1 "
LO
UD
lO
LO
lO
LO
Cv|
?^
• ^
CM
8§
^
(V
^
fe
rt
ce
03
g
CD
o
Ph
Hosted by
Google
320
OREGON VOLUNTEEKS IN SPANISH WAR.
ft
5
o
Q
I
g O ^ qj
o^ o ^ ^
g d o
OQ 1^ c3 -
• . -. - 03
rj O Ocb^
0) fK
' r;3 Cj O :t^ f^r QJ . - ^
3 <D"
Sr^-^^
^ .a.,-,
CJ S fe cS
3 >; , r-Ci . 173 ^ .r: ^ if ^J
<y r- t^ .i:^ g^ d b <^ c3 ?3
^r-
1 03
i^-3 -^
-,!?:• TO ^ cS » o
a?-?
^^ S ce 'P R
.:::+i as=^ >^. . c5 . tn'' -
, o !3H -■r'' R t^ 5^ 5rt cp tsTos
o o ro
(U > o
S&o3gggo(ij|^o
cc c3 cS
«3
ti 0)
^>.^%^<s
lpJ2" CT-J?
3 S^Jf^
^sp
o
o
fin
w
Pn
o
Q
c3
c3
fe-
ci
fe
"g
CI
c3
C
03
c3
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
321
S b^
►^^7
^^. d^aS'S ^.i^ :^^^ ^ ^ :e
; >^ 0
D g Ooj Ofl
r>C
. o o »■;
jcoo
ms
^^•.?S^5S
=^-2i>=3S^^^o .t:^:^':^or^'^'"i2 -^..^^-d^i
9
^faO
•^ o "^ ®^
• 5 >-^
" -An
■IT g^ o
d:^ 1 o
o3
3
C3
^
1 <^
>>
[
j
p'B
1) eg
i^
^
<
^a
0
0
pq
eg
eg
0
Oi
Oi
,1
. &H*
1
02
g
en
pq
eg
5
21
eg
4d
Hosted by
Google
322
OBEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAK.
m
M
Eh
o
O
J
"A
<
o
o
■^^ aj'iJi a3ii; (?5
«^StiS-S1^
'd=^P,fl =« O S ^^^•
OC tC H
03 CO . .rt ,_2
>^^p
-gPO. -g^<1--S^-
-*-^h»-ai .!_ cB d^ :S J I-! oS '^•^,9^ ^ a; ^ R
si''
s 2 &iiZ3?^;|f5s|-^..-a.
;^P_i . ^'•'^fl:zJ-*^K^ '-'O
'2 S P . ^ «2;=:l S rt =3 ciTiPj^S
c3
::^
C3
03
■cS
o3
CC
OQ,
^
■<!tt
Tti
-*
>i
>>
>.
ce
5^
c3
g
^
g'
!
-J
;h
p
0)
o
'S
0/
P
32
OQ
V^^'
o
pq
^
03
PQ
ft
;^
^
H
p
-
ts
03
P'
p
(P
o
%
tj
o
p
P
^
o
^
ja
A
0
H
H
H
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
323
r- O
hi
S-5
^^o-.
3-=s:
il'S^
: a: Ec^
55^^ i
■( © ^.ji;::^
??^-T
'"' i; ^ o • ±ri "* *C
Oio o+? -^ o <^ a
rd Q,h,
^92 • !■' "^
_, 43 51-1 l^ t^ T
ci .;:; > u t^ ^ ^ ce. '
a.^ =
rt S3 O JaJ ^ 1^-K.T-,
« a) cS cog
=> --H '^ tn H «,»-( :7; CO
:%^.
P.A'^"^^
2C5a2'S'cS^'j~cC cr2pi-;'^2^'^
«f:5 GO* 'cc "Ph^ <! .S
O
9^
d
H5
03
cq
" j
^'' ""
xi
9
fe
0
A
05
1-^
>
0
P
s
0
^
^
^
o
Hosted by
Google
324
Q
o
Q
<!
O
o
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
^ rj 03 -d bfi rt
=^S^i:^ ^^V'^ ft^l^-d gi-^ ^5fi >^
5 «:
Orri
II .-is g-s psi'g 2 la^^s ps5 s,i: asl :•
4ij
53\
0
s8
>
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
325
iSo^S^rS d^>^j-rs t» a » (i> CD'S
Si_iOr''~'-sijdS-
u
O 13
fl
n
O
bi
>i
n^
P
^
'd
M
o
^ «3 S-. 3 !>+:>
'^coo ' f jq"
r-T
•« . tH 2 rH
CM
^fl^.Sa:>
o ce M ^c
'So •"= "^ ^ s
ft
02^ f-
ftoo-^fi^^o:
r^iifi.
i|i||^^||||S| ^^isL:;f^
iOQO"
S .2 a:) o w G -
-llflll
C3 O rj CL, £?^ 2
rtj ^Lh-^ 2 "^ O !HC<I>
s
>.
^
g
<1
in
fa
1
£
03
g
"^
^
1^
lO
lO
lO
lO
s
^
^
c^
c
ft'
Hosted by
Google
326
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
W
P
P
a
o
o
o
O
Q
)pc^ fl
^•flt
iD
.^r
H,C| o o
-'+^ b
?bSoS^i:;^a5
) ^
bias's §^^^a?:^ilii2|$5s
6 o+^5
.Vl .^
ri • rn <X> <D be ^ . ^"i;
M a:.?4'l^
s.aso ig|65 a;-i§^ isl^ls i g,;^g
« ^ -rJ-H --^ c3 « K^ S S. s: 03 ^
-II^IrII-^
.^.S-Sftfi^.^.^J^IIsp
S2
O
Ph
2
fq
Q
$ o ■
a
o
dl
p
S
^^
1b
p
^«
bJO
03
'X5
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLtrNTEERS JtN SPANISH WAR.
327
c3 .ri c<j -p^ Elj '-H . cSqo
he-
^X? ?^ ^ ':3 <^ S 5r
wC'3 fH 4^ ^ -»-J .p; 0;
^^
M s^ "^ H ^^
.^ i»c<) ccS* -5^^
Q? I
■^-S^l^
.^- >.
^ -^.s
502
•r^.:^?^
:.Q
■f^
tu "^ "3 > '3 "^ cf'" „- o ?^ 2 ^ i^'^'
0-d
i!:j&ili|i|iirt.s^iii
o
5
o
Ph
eg
OD
iO
>.o
10
cq
I— (
;^
o
Q
O
<^
0 ^-.
6 s ^
« M cS
§ .2 cp
t? ^ a d
oT % ^^ ^
=i 2S
■ 5 S ^ ^ p]^
;-!
rrl
S
^
'TS
n^
0
^
^ ^ ^-^
;g 13 ?si
w o O
005
CO I— I r;
ft ^ o
o
q 4j ^ ^
!z; -
B cs, «) o
§ S o
^ . C3i
- S ^ to
"" ^ ^
2
c3
'd
^ b» o S
3 q;
■^ ^ O G >
^ « CO os ta
^ IT3 CD
S 3
ft 2
' 0) OS
^ f ^ fl "^
'd u
5^ X2 oi
ro a> — '
^ fe -5
^ ^ S
;-H ► JZ r<, r^ -Ai ^^ '-'■->
O ^ 05 ^^
ft
3
CD
0
_CC
1
1
CO
0
w
fl
§
CP
02
^
CB
^
0
u^.
!3
ft
CO
r|
0
'-1
03
>
ft
3
m
S
2^
'-3
M
0
0
0
0
0
0
0)
pq
M
fin'
be.
5
0
00
ft
<11
i
<1
3
03
0
0
M
o3
-d
03
03
i
s
(D
ft
<1
1
03
H
(D
0
<)
H^
^ 2
p .
c« -a
ft
• 2 3
ft a I ^
- ^ ^ '^ o *e 'c
s -^ ^ ^- -^ P^
o3
^ M- ^
o Ph' |o
§ ^' ft
C5 M ft
-d ri 5
g •"■'^
r^ P ^
i ^ ^
iM D o3
03 O "^
1 o a
^ c P
2 m '^
o o
^ o
JS o3
St
5 S P.* g
13-2^
^ ^ 03
03 0'-'
3 '<=( be
W3 hJD ,S
t>. cft •;:::
"I 5 -^ ^'
^ ^ ?^ of
i:^* 61 ^ o c3 P i
p -^
1i OJ
^ k ^
fl ft
a s ^
QC .^7 (D O cc
Cu O O; i:^
Hosted by
Google
328
OREGOiSr VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
,ce a, <^ r^ -^ h ^ h' o ¥ 5Q r-? d B n
g t;S
S .s» <B ^ g s
asg|
t ^ ^ § § ^' ^
^^ S ;^ ^ ^ I' S I ^ 3 a §
^ ^ ?5 02
^ ^ ill
03
.S ^ ^ S 'g 5S rd fl S Sh . 02 ^ g
T §
rsra0|;iiii|.giis
3-al &I«?S^-2 2S isi
ft oi
>
Tfi
^
«
V75
o
d
S
ft
ai
rl
1
o
(Jl
2
<
d
(OJ
rr
9<
rd
^:% ^ p:
^ v.v.o^^ §^ l^
SSSgOqcsoSoSri^codd
d I o ^ d 5 .| ^ d ^ ^. ^. 5 -a J ^ g^ 'd
I I III II II |5s||i|S|
& d d § ^ ^ ^ ^ s S -^3
^ , -^ ? -^ i5 ^ 5 '5 .S^'
03
c^ "S
d
^ _j oi cP O o M
|^.S^ s §1.^5 i§. 5^- litis I
0>.-§^=«£§'^, ^g.^O-^flS^-g-
a ^ d fl 'S ^ 3 ,. S ft « ''^ *-
^' c3 -d "S <1 ^ 5^ -^s K^ '-3 oT
rd :^ -d I-
i:-sr«|S|-. ag|§«Jii
s 5- £ ^ '^ ;^'^ s ^ ^
Vd
H
Is ^ ^ 2 I g I i, g 8 ^ I a £ ^ ^ ^ ^
^^ PC O?^ S§^ 2 oT^^
£ <
re
0:1
'S <U d
4^^
a
d
1
0
^
cS
<1^
^
ft
2
g^
cs!
n
d
0
d
%.
d
K^
C3
d
-d
d
r^
rH
d
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
329
<
o
^22 .
-2 bC<D
< aji>
O <!> CO
r-; aa ■
5- 03
03 5 =)
3^
32 ?h'-3 fl^ CO
^mX
iToa
hi
5r os-if >i^o
^i *o«rc^
o ^
0)
<1? r^
-5^ .^50 it^'^ n^--^ •^•+2=i ^os'^M'=
o
c6
Ph ^
gd
pq
!U
1
03
o3
fe
fe
^ ' "
::^"
Oi
lO
10
Hosted by
Google
330
OREGON VOLttNTKERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
M
"A
o
o
CL,
o
o
+J Q CO _, X; fj-<^
^'o
I'fio
.2^-5^ r-TO
Oi S +3 « •'-'
"•"-•P 1>.'S ■ ' fi-^ S';^^ ft^S ^i-TTS' " -is ^^ o^
(11 (^-^ . . 4-3 AT
S"". °^ S § Ti-^ g feS s's s s-ft-Ks^^-
ISSfll^s^s-sa-sSMsS^iv-
sg,
"1-^
o
o
Ph
05
r^
^O
e«
c«
;h
J-,
O
O
fl^
PM
Q
,pq
P3
PP
^" ^
h!!
P^S
cS
g
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS TN SPANISH WAR.
331
'^ fie
^~ a.
o ^-^
o ^-^!l JI-51 §S|^P^g-|slFJ as ^&-^tf ^-sisl
O S
o3
fa
fi*
El,
o3
O
=3 s
pa
05 g^
o
!-. o
^ Si,
K-5
CJ 6
Q
tn
0
Pk
a
S
>1
<
o
fi
Hosted by
Google
332
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
M
;?;
o
o
o
1
Assigned to and joined company at Manila, P. I., per
S. 0. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Nov. 26, '98; en-
rolled and mustered in as private; appointed corporal
from private per S. 0. No. 193, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated
Manila, P. I., Dec. 3, '98; on special duty hdqrs. provost
marshal general per S. O. No. 26, hdqrs. provost mar-
shal general, dated Feb. 13, '99; returned to duty per
S. 0. No. 1(^, hdqrs. provost marshal general, dated
June 8, '99. No clothing issued him by the State.
Assigned to and joined company at Manila, P. I., per
S. 0. No. 187, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Nov. 26, '98; en-
rolled and mustered in as private; appointed corporal
from private per S. O. No. 193, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated
Manila, P. I., Dec. 3, '98; sick in quarters Jan. 3-13, '99;
Jan. 23 to Feb. 13, '99; June 2-6, '99; all inc.; in line of
duty. No clothing issued him by the State.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed lance
corporal from private per S. O. No. 200, hdqrs. 2d Or.
Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Dec. 12, '98; appointed cor-
poral from lance corporal per S. 0. No. 212, hdqrs. 2d
Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Jan. 9, '99; sick in quar-
ters Sept. 27 to Oct. 7, '98; Oct. 30 to Nov. 18, '98; Nov.
25 to Dec. 6, '98; Jan. 3-6, 23-26, '99; all inc.; in line of
duty.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed lance
corporal from private, per S. 0. No. 8, hdqrs. 2d Or.
Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Jan. 28, '99; appointed cor-
poral from lance corporal per S. 0. No. 6, hdqrs. 2d
Or. Inf., dated Manila, P. I., Mar. 1, '99; on special duty
In regimental quartermaster's department per S. O.
No. 152, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Sept. 24, '98; returned
to duty per S. 0. No. 158, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated Sept.
29, '98; sick in quarters July 13-15, '98; Sept. 13-18, '98;
Oct. 16-21, '98; sick in regimental hospital May 20-21,
'98; sick in division hospital, Manila, P, I., June 1-12,
'99; absent, sick on hospital ship Melief, June 13 to
Aug. 3, '99; all inc.; in line of duty.
On special duty with regimental commissary depart-
ment, per S.O. No. 26, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated June 10,
'99; enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed
1
1
1
The Dalles
The Dalles
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
July 7-
July 7-
May 15-
May 15-
May 15-
1
Clerk
Railroad
man.
Butcher-.
Black-
smith.
Brake-
man.
1 s
i ! 53 , 1 d
8 sis ^
•1
t
1
Br. —
Lt.Br.
Br. —
D. Br.
D. Br.
1
Br. —
Blue-
Blue-
Br. —
Br. —
Falr-
Fair-
Fair-
Fair-
Fair-
}
iS ^ ^^ ^
S» t- CD , oi
^■lO, CO lO kO lO
§1
c^ , ^ ^ ^ ^
I
George H. Dufar
Corporal.
Charles F. Wagner-, -
Corporal.
Arthur E. Trask
Corporal.
Ernest R. Ballard
Corporal.
William W. Brown-
Lance Corporal.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
333
'^2 o^
>?^
«^b>_g'c
>.'Srt ,
0 ^M.£: n.2i a3«2 •^'l:^ d ->S5--
53 =3 2*
Log:-;,
■^r-di
t=''^-v
.Sfl
i-ii^i^'ii".dl?^iir?is'Si§
S T-fl *^^.>5 cSJ^^ J-^*" 0«m7; '^»7 ^
*'- 2 ^ Oco --Q ^
g^^* =^;- ^§ 03^0 g omV^^;^^ ^^^ g
o
d
^
cs3
c8
J
CQ
H
^
" 1"
i
1 'd
1
P3
0
G 03
;-i
0
§
W-"
0
;-J
!^
;h
u
m
pq
w
w
^
^
ft
.Hi
ft
0)
;3
1
§
S
S
pq
cq
p
^
;J
^
u
3
c6
oS
c3
fe
f^
fe
^
g:
g
-^
i>
li:)
lO
10
LC
si
J ^
0 ^
ft
S3 -S
O 'S
C3 ^
Hosted by
Google
334
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
M
o
o
o
.^r^ O g .^
11^
05 2
a"
!- ^ .ji, .^ i^n ts
_=^^
OS a
S^ o
02^ <X)
3>.
^ r^-d CD OS 0) 'H 3S ZD^^^Q
s s ^
CC rH ^
o^ft^-tf^.S
CO r en Qj 5:^ ^rrt
+j :^ .^ fl 1- zj , ^
03
Q
..«!±d -
.C31, £» _j
d^o r
' o^d'CS
^icj'd d."tii
its o !^ rt,
, OJ b^' c3 O
*-i
§
g
a>
d,
CP
OS
^ d
1 ?5
o
d
5 1
1
eg
s
1
5)3
^t^' ■
-^
^
"^^
^
., ^'
^■^
lO
^
>o
10
d
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
335
c3^
O P -S^^^ dot-"
.2.2
.- n O CO
+^ ts >:; "^ *^ "
c5 p ^ -
£3 O
^1
C<1 (D r
'^TS .-^^ "'^''-' .J^Z ^
i^-^J ^'P -fT^ '::; ^ 0^13 lo'd V''^'f >53S >,^^'~
-Q2
*S '^ J, -^ •
^ 2 oE
. -^ r^ CD Ci
co^^' i ^ >
^^X
A-^
cc. — '5c
c5 a) 2.
jog .|^'§;:igf
•T^ Q r^ o -c „ -r; c3 <D '- "^
; o o
^^^^
Cife cc-s
;s8^'g5&|^ .^^1-g^-G-^Sz
l.rH C/)>—
' V. O r
Sao
tri ""' '"' " .
*>^ ^ ^ o
.^nti-:
i^o
• X].;
^ fl-^ &x)dary=-2 a!;=;a2^aQ ««a}'T3*==5iM os^jo 0°^ '
02 Cj
'd
'd
Ph Ph
s
o ^
0
0
s
0
0
i
J
i
c3
fa
3
0
1
s
0
i
1^
0
M
CQ
P^
pa
PP
p^
pq
P
pp
■ p
m
p
S
0
d
W
1
p
P
s
P
Fair-
1
|1h
1
fa
^
1
fa
1
1
fa
OS
00
GO
00
GO
CO
00
I--
i-O
lO
10
»o
LO
LO
uo
LO
10
«3
5l
a
a
cc
^
a
Oi
^
6 >>
O fl
c3
P
o
g
CD
0
?3
fl
fa
4^
0^
cS
d
X]
P4
0
Hosted by
Google
336
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
o a . s
ooj
^5^i><:S
SS^^>^
"-• '^ '-M H 9£ o -^ 7^ ^ JT Q o ^-i d (— I <i>
l^bS
qfe
d^ o*^ >i=^ ^is-Ti?
.rt 00 . ^ • r CSS <»
ca»Q
TJ CI .-"
rrt\^
CD . 0,7^-r:- dC
dO
rt oi
"2S±^a;t
'00 1^ ■? ^.
.t^<ij
, J lo '"' r^ (^ 2'
^d ..-gSSfl'^
;j::2js a-'^^ si^ a> d^ig :d ::.^d^ == ;fu^6 £.^d ^ ^
p
M
o
c
I
d
o
o
pin
^
B
o
s
d
fe
C3
o
<
o
ft
o
o
o
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
337
Oi >
^s Sg-ssfo .,a «s ^ §|1|« s s^§ 0^2 «?^
So ^* tJ 13 fe ftg'^^.^
O 3 C o ^', -SiOOi
■*^ S a: 5^ C q; ^S^
?s^2
.2 §?-^4s| S^::^^ S^CJS:li-1 1 ;^- till ^lli sa.S:f5
^,-^ss
•^_.bx)S o--fe ^,S^ ^^.9 o cJ^'-f s ..:^^§^'-
^ ogl^i o'^^'d^wJ-r
H CS^fefe^^^-USH
o
o
o
03
O
^
a;
!S0
=^
c^
h^!
CC
W
pq
P
ofe
!25
PQ
P
P3
P
P
03
::jt
pq
>i
a?
<3^
^
■r}
0
'c3
fc-
0
22
o
Ci5
Hosted by
Google
338
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
P
"^
M
o
O ■
o
o
3 JhCO Sr^ CD . ,
^co jD oj d o a ' ■
t9^9^'
oc^
I'CS'HO
c3 Ov^^ c^
>'fi>,S SI'S -so 51^3
^ K' ?i cs o'^
'^'d —o cs^
'-' OJ JIT / '^ i» -tf OJ >■- O) M
^isa^^^^nS
B^Sj
d oj
t-3 '^
— ^ ^ . ^- —^ I ~ - ' — j I
d z^ c^ ^ d p
soo
O
CM'
2
c3
d
^ ^
d ^50
T3 «
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
339
,^m^f$^'';^mrmmmmi^mmm
05
w
r4
-to
m
i
>o
•o
5^
yz
d
o
6
6
lO
rsl
to
?^1
>.
0)
c3
fl
cS
g
d
^
g
]
^
42^
o
s
o
a
s
6
^
Ph
d
j
O
CD
o
J25
i
«
m
fi
CD
ai
1
d
u
m
PP
m
?H
,t4
^
ce
C3
S
^
fl
fe
rJ\
::i^
Oi
CO
c3
c5
Hosted by
Google
340
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
0
M
!^
o
o
I
<
O
:^T:5'rJ
Ph
^
0 O += »
^ J oj 7^ tit)
..o^.r
S^. "-5 i^.M
i, ^ -"^ j:^ •- w
S§'t-5 ^^'"5 CD
B^ G ^ S 'rH S
2 s-' cS fZiXs _, -
Soi
•SOS
O f i'^
'~ QO .^-p:;
2 o^^i:^q%^-xi'^^
Bo
•^ ^ ^ ^ ^
^->tq O ^ rj
d ^ .t^ tj ^'o
00 oi Q ijj
c8 o
o3
CD "^ ^ — ^ '*' FH k! "f-^ ^
•'d^53«2.SP
aQ.;io^o.Sco
aS'
^
_il_
o o ^^ o o
eg
o
^ s
O 03 oj
O M
oiS
C5
\^ \^
W H
53
05 cq
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
341
SCSI'S g!l 15 :"^ 5
fl ci s^ 2 -,:;2 bcG*-^ 2>i^ o
,;5?,t^cr-^^.
CO p^iK
t— (CO C !K
^-^ ?^ 2 2
^ . '^ O =2
G"<3^a;oicooc;c^^^2oi ocS^n
55 "^
: r^"*"
a 5 T^
;f^
5^^-^
e«
rssfl
=^^
iif"^
:^s=?ctD
o o
C''^'
^'S^
r^^
a ^ c
o -. ^ '^ frt r' cvco ^t^
Ol >-
S^'^-g^
4410^^3 0
s^^z<^
11
B"^
. c3 : „
O d
?^
5 .• -=1 .1 ?='^
^COft 'OT3
o o ^ s-<
5-;0 a)"
§ Q S
00 CO
=1
03 <!
jo;
. cSfe
'^coh'^<£
aj
T3
xj
'CJ
'd
^
^3
CD
r^
'd
fl
f2
a
c
c
fl
d
ce
c5
oi
03
Oi
03
^
72
P
G
:3
;h
;h
-d
Jh
o
!l-
!h
o
o
o
O
. O
^
o
Ph
flH
Ph
<
Ph
Ph
H
Ph
Ph
lO
lO
lO
J
t-O
lO
h-
lO
lO
>1
>i
>i
>s
>i
k
>,
!>.
>5
s?
a
^
0
ce
0^
cS
c8
^
^
§
§
g
^-5
^
§
«
^
u
g
1
Sh
G
O
0)
>
o
b
1§
^
d
1
-d
1
1
>^'
OS
^*
OS
c3
OS
p^*
o
^'
O
53
1
1
1
1
J-.
IC
^H
^
1^
.iai
M
'
pq
W
p5
o:;
P
pq
pq
W
W
fi
A
p
hq
P
S
<x>
1
1
CP
j
j
0)
d)
s
f^
s
s
Sm'
t^*
3
G
ft
cq
W
m
cq
p;
pq
pq
P
C3
OS -03
^ ^
'A
m
T3
G
0
in
X3
xn
O
P^
tx
0)
^
-d
Tli
+j
i
S
a
32
cc
m
03
as
03
g
1
^
I '
1^
^0^
CD
00
to
lO
to
lO
lO
lO
tO
lO
lO
as
83
g^
CO
cq
a
S<1
^
a
1—1
jH
rn
^
a
a
;^
c«
oj
,a
■^
^
o
9
:;:::
Hosted by
Google
342
OHl^GON VOLUNTEERS m SPANISH WAR.
P
m
P
M
Eh
o
o
o
2S f^
r— I .V-(
a1 'i «fj o ot'oj',^
1^"
i^j:^
#5 fl S ft-^ -• ^ ? ^ -
s^
;Tj<ip'^
3^'^
cr-
2e -^ t: o -r
> Co
i^p<Rt^'
o '^-s^rr,^ .'c^.2-s^-.S t:^'^oA k^ d^t^-S
. ^'^ jH o c/j -r^ t^ ^
ViC^j"-' a)TJ '-^ ^ CD
<y Qi >_ t/2 (-H (V, fl . . rj5
•bio .o^^-^o^^B^^
+= =2 i^ y . _7or+^ 0^ 5
^fi:^.
•o
"+"^ J2 ^33 ^ ^ ^ - .rt o: ^ ^ . •«-- -M c2 «•' -r^ ;r-
^^^.^-a^.-^^
o^fi d 5
. - • ^^
0= ?^ (^ >^+J
)'M O LC -r-l '-3 . /
m
jm.^^ ^oQ^'S 2-g-gfe «s K<^/n.^-BT i^^^wS^?.:^'^'^'^^.
< o o o
Ti
'O
'd
ra
d
d
d
d
d
03
fe
^
f-t
0
0
0
Ph
Ph
Oi
&^
s
03
^
? 'S
g-d
ft
'^>
Tl
0
<V
^
tf
"q
>
d
^
Hosted by
Google
OJIE:GON VOLUNTBJRillS IN SPANISH WAR.
343
iS's^fld
S5 r J^^^^^n^rr.-
S P o :5 a> Trio rP^ ^ ^
ft.i
^.^o
>-* iTr^ ,r3 -^ "S +^ ^ o
=^5^" .i^c^r .^^^.
= ^ a:
i 11 'I IS^^ IliCi =^f lll^-^^^df IM^Illl t till i^PI
0-32 t^«i „
^>e x; ^ O 4-^ .-z; -1-2 «
w „^ ■ ^ .S^O^ZiJ '^ CO <H f^ n
t^oQ 53 a 7
. .^^E-
02
a
o
o
c3
pp
pq
ft
ft'
1
4^
pq
44
OS
03
^a
^d
0
OQ
. '^
;
tea
a 03
W"
%
1
M
PQ
PQ
03
v
PQ
Hosted by
Google
344
OKEGOK VOLtJNTfiliKS IK SPANISH WAK.
P
M
!?;
o
o
o
i
Wounded in toes of left foot in action Mar. 25, '99, and
in division hospital, Manila, P. I., Mar. 25 to May 26,
'99, inc.; discharged June 12, '99, per S. 0. No. 157,
hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and 8th A. C, dated June
11, '99, and G. O. No. 54, A. G. 0., dated Mar. 22, '99;
discharge and final statements given; service, "hon-
est and faithful." Due soldier for clothing, 141.31.
Sick in quarters May 31 to June 1, '98; June 29 to July
1, '98; July 9-18, 16-18, '98; Aug. 7-13, '98; Aug. 29 to
Sept. 29, '98; Nov. 1-2, 4-6, '98; sick in division hospital,
Manila, P. I., Nov. 7, '98, to Jan. 23, '99; all inc.; in
line of duty; transferred sick to San Francisco, Cal.,
Jan. 24, '99, per S. 0. No. 20, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific
and 8th A. C, dated Jan. 20, '99; discharged Mar. 10,
'99, per S. O. No. 47, hdqrs. department of California,
dated Mar. 7, '99, at United States general hospital,
San Francisco, Cal.; discharge and final statements
given; service, "honest and faithful." Due United
States: 1 knife, 7c; 1 fork, 5c; 1 spoon, 2%c; 1 tin cup,
15c; 1 meat ration can, 25c; 1 haversack, 88c. Due
soldier for clothing, $30.74.
On special duty in quartermaster's department per
S. 0. No. 4, hdqrs. 1st brigade, United States exped.
forces, dated June 26, '98; sick in quarters June 21-24,
'98; July 27-30, '98; sick in regimental hospital July
23-26, '98, all inc.; in line of duty; discharged June 12,
'99, per S. O. No. 157, hdqrs. dept. of the Pacific and
8th A. C, dated June 11, '99, and G. 0. No. 54, A. G. 0.,
dated Mar. 22, '99; discharge and final statements
given; service, "honest and faithful." Due soldier
for clothing, 145.21.
Discharged June 12, '99, per S. O. No. 157. hdqrs. dept.
of the Pacific and 8th A. C, dated June 11, '99, and
G. 0. No. 54, A. G. 0., Mar. 22, '99; discharge and final
statements given; service, "honest and faithful."
Due United States: 1 meat ration can, 28c; 1 tin cup,
15c. Due soldier for clothing, S13,43; confined Mar.
23-24, '99, inc.; released without trial.
Sick in quarters Sept. 16-19, '98; Oct. 20 to Nov. 2, '98;
Nov. 12-15, '98; sick in division hospital, Manila, P. I.,
1
.§
i
1
Portland-
Portland -
Portia nd-
Portland^
Portland-
1
May 15-
May 15-
May 15.
May 15-
May 15.
1
Machinist
Clerk
Railroad
man.
Fireman-
Laborer—
li
as i 1 £
i
t
i
1
D. Br.
D.Br.
D. Br.
D. Br.
Lt.Br.
1
1 CD OJ , 1 o
^ B B ^ ^
pQ PQ , PQ M ,w
. ' si
g o
Si
SI,
.OS
1
^lO , lO CO ZO iO
Si
<^» ?q ^ , cq , ^
g
1
Dunseth, Benj. F
Hackney, Sloan-
Hart, William H
Hernsworth, F. W—
Hillert, Fred _
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
345
o'S^^S
; c5 <^«;
^ O (D
i^H o) .-; ci ;:;; ^ c$ *^
^ "-"Tj ^^^ c ^1 c Ti
>cii-
o'o
• isa2
^E?Ph"5§
_ ■« 'iS' :ij he (D +3 C
,Sfi
O cS
ACi^--
h!2;cd5
f^;3
iCiliiiii;^:iiii^iiiiiii. i ^i E i5ii 11 ^1
^^ ^<tip ^^ ^:: §^j^GQ-i'§5^^fi i^.24.^^.Sp^^
so 02
^^oSP^g
o
o
03
ft
^
H
^
S
^
fe
o
3
o
Q
a
A
0
o
^-0
H^
Hosted by
Google
346
OREGON YOLUNTFJERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
M
o
o
O^
Po
i^'-'l^'^lgdflf
. .^vH.5f- a; o fl S
bjDX' 1*^ -^ "2 s:i .S c« <D
3 OS K"Td
J fHOs.rtiLO ;
_^o 0
H^c.^
. _ ^ ii? ^ o 2
3 .^02
r-i ^ ^ * O <q, 05 O
icS^f
r ^
di.s^
J.Q;.r
-' I"! -iH r« »- "T^
S - '^ 02 -ri
■so s,^-1 0-5 |s o g|t^S S ioS^s
tn'^
<P .
flr^
e P .S r uC -1-5 13 O^T! 'CS O' hI-i 'TS bC jC — i r^ go 'O .--'■—''*'-'•'•"'--■■
CO
^^^S^S^flao^lS
ce
6
o
P
Hosted by
Google
OREiGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAI^.
347
-^ 0 55 o
•?>+
^■o?
; 03 c-Sis
^.^»
cs
^ Sj
a.^'
ti-^
a;> ^'-'■^ GO
^i^ ? ^ .'■^'^ S O O Q
cj croc ■-- j^H ar ''-■ jr.
S -^ o >5S .-
H=^l^ ^
"f^c^^S-
S^ ;
Tr.-d-C
fac-
.^
1^2^11?^^=-'
:^^^>>
^.t:^^ ^
be
cc
;• -*^ «:> "-^ c3 cS CC — -^
^ •!-( »\ n^ * '^ ^-~ '1^1 -j_3 !-< f ) _!■
t?
' oXi
I'n ^
05 ^d^
P rj (T)
nS ft^
0*:3 O CD
< O^:
fc ¥t
.sl||g^2^l!l!ll|li.:||li|.sl!r
X'
'^
-d
'd
-cs
'O
0)
fl
fl
a
cS
sS
CJ
cS
d
^
^
fi
^
O
o
o
o
o
,£i
Ph
P4
^
Ph
^
EH
!>•
LO
.:^
lO
lO
t-
>i
>>
P>J
>.
>i
>i
s
hJ
C^
ce
cs
d
^-5
§
g
^
^
1
J
1
u
1
Si
P
CD
CD
s
O
S
i
1
j
>^
]
1
o5
CM
o
o
^'
5
M
sJ
1
1^;
?-(
1
1
w
^'
pq
w
J4
'
ft
pq
a
^
pq
w
CD
^
1)
CD
i
CD
s
13
s
6
m
W
w
pq
;-!
'J<
J
?-i
[
A
flj
c3
03
■ 03
c6
^
fe
fe
^
^
fe
fi
H\
":^
:^
IC
lO
>o
lO
LC
>o •
■-H
CO
c&
00
LO
>.o
_ _
1— (
'^
ca
(1)
a
?-
B
•s
s
s
H
6
Q
Hosted by
Google
848
ORKGON VOLtJNTEEllS IN SPANISH WAil.
P
P
O
52;
o
o
o
o
S
s
1^
Sick in quarters July 5-10, '98; Oct. 5-10, 21-28, '98; Nov.
25-29, '98; Dec. 3-10, '98; sick in regimental hospital
June 22-'^, '98; all inc.; in line of duty; killed in action
at Malabon, P. I., Mar. 25, '99; inventory of effects and
final statements forwarded to Adjutant General. Due
United States: 1 bayonet, $1.18; 1 scabbard, 81c. Due
soldier for clothing, $14.81.
Sick in quarters Oct. 11-15, '98. inc.; in liTie of duty;
killed in action at Malabon, P. I., Mar. 25, '99; inven-
tory of effects and final statements forwarded to Ad-
j utant General. Due United States: 1 bayonet, $1.18;
1 bayonet scabbard, 81c. Due soldier for clothing,
$29.56. Due soldier for deposit: Aug. 8, '98, $15; Sept.
15, '98, $15; Nov. 7,- '98, $15; Jan 6, '99, $10; total, $55.
Sick in quarters June 22-26, '98, inc.; in line of duty;
killed by mistake by sentinel Jan. 6, '99; inventory
of effects and final statements forwarded to Adj utant
General. Due United States: 1 Springfield rifle, cali-
bre .45, 813.02; 1 canteen, 53c. Due soldier for clothing,
$22.53. Due soldier for deposit: Aug. 8, '98, $35.
Enrolled and mustered in as private; appointed wag-
oner from private per S. 0. No. 207, hdqrs. 2d Or, Inf.,
dated Manila, P. I., Dec. 23, '98; reduced from wagoner
to private per S. O. No. 17, hdqrs. 2d Or. Inf., dated
Manila, P. I., Mar. 2, '99; sick in quarters July 10-13,
'98; Sept. 6-10, 28-28, '98; sick in regimental hospital
May 29 to June 5, '98: July 5-7, '98; Jan. 13-17, '99; sick in
division hospital. Manila, P. I., Jan. 18 to Feb. 7, '99;
Feb. 28 to Mar. 9, '99; all inc.; in line of duty; died of
smallpox at division hospital, Manila, P. I., Mar. 9,'99;
inventory of effects and final statements forw^arded
to Adjutant General. Due soldier for clothing, $10.73.
-
i
1
•1
13
1
1
6
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
May 15-
May 15-
May 15-
May 15-
■1
1
Carpenter
Surveyor
Concrete
finisher.
ll
i
1
1^
1
D. Br.
D. Br.
D. Br.
Red-
1
1 1 CD oj
u u B B
r^ PP PP pq
S 1
a 1
a.
U 5-1 U 'J,
■3 'cS *S 'S
fe fa fa fa
^00 ^ ^00
g^LO 10 lO >-0
-^
^ ^ ^ c^
^
i
i
strawderman, L. V.-
Taylor, Hayes B
Killed by accident.
Lee K. Morse
ist Sergeant.
Died of disease.
Private.
O' Flaherty, Henry—
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 349
fL
^* 03
I s « S ^- o s ° -g - § ? ^
^
o
^ ^ h ^
^ ^ -2 ^ o ^^ -a w ^ I fe <i
32 "^^ =SSJ?^^
l>
^ ^ ^
o
fi g i ^ 'i ^ ^* ? ^ 5^ I - ^ -§
H a2O0fl-'1a;§^^5gg^3
'd c^-s-^ =cW*;3 2^^ ^-5
O 'g 1 g I '^ ^ >. I ^ S S §
■^ t; -- .3 S I) . *^ *= 'S s .^ "
06 K £ s I ^. 2 ^ g ■S o g o
;^ ^^ 1 § a - ^ .s 5 s 3 ^ »
fl
c6 :-j
.^, „ w. t, J M C5 ^ ""^ -2* ^ c* S
^ g ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^ >.M 3"^ P
^« +i o ^ '^ 'd ^ "^ a'* *^
^ t? ^ W <t1 h, o
Hosted by
Google
350
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
^33
o
cp ri
■si
<1
4;3 0i.^ ^ ft
g^^.^'S.S^iV
2 ^ Oi <^^ 5
02 S ^0^ "^''^ Sti
O 5g Oi •" --H H
rjoo
-5? c
•-CD r^
(D
o3 k^ '^'^ &j •'-' !;?
Ss d!z o'^ ^??
•" - '-^ c • r ft 2 .2
•pSg.So
'8^
^.^""o c
'-^OTJ';::,'!^""^ G =5 "^ c;
" S « o| 5< g.s2 a^ ^ g.= ai s ^g% S3
^ tS "^ .!^ CO ''^ d
ai
d
03
^
M
o3
jd
Q
O
Ph
d
P3
ft
P^ -
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
351
Co ^
-<5 .
^^::^.?^-
J QJ ftp CS
c5=*-. c^ ■*-'.;:: ^ r^ f^ =^ c3
s c r'>'= -rl ^ "C B^ '"^i-y-" "'•
5 — < k" ^ CJ ..H OJ r ^ CM ;f;
v: u ^ X' c ;£ " , . ^' .
o J
2 G;:: S '^' ^
^.a^^
'.M O
^:: !^-
"" "^ £^ ■^ Q ^ d " -3 ^ 9 o c ^'
H;::SGor^c,^^gT:Jc^
K -ii c o ^' -^ r" ^ c5 ;:: . -
?f'§?5ccc
c3 a
0) o -
^Oi C
^ ^ o ©
, 2 S 3 "^
'p-;
> o a ■;i k^T^^ o >»2 :fa}i
do^'^^.§?
•^^ ^-^ ■>' Tj O 03
.?:• i^'-.A o s d
: ' I -M c^i '^ ^; "ys
■ ooSig^s^^
5 =^c«o22
«2 o 0) o
o o
d£5
o - -^
.so -CM
S bX)5
g^C O
o2 O
c« O O
eg o 2i
'0) , ^
J'^
O =^ O C5^
So52^
)^ 2 o
O
Oh
O
2
cq
ft
3
u
^
cfi
03
"S
o3
fa f
fe
fe
&M
::^\
0
b-
LO
CO J
10
10
>0
>-o t
§^
£5
CN1
^ 8
i^it"
* &2
^ I
O
Hosted by
Google
352
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
05 =M, CD 'i^I cj
o o G .S 3 ^
S01
- -i p. ^ rj CS
1^ O^ - ^ w
Ovi
S'3'^od.g^C-^^oS
W ' El] i
P
M
Eh
O
O
Ph
o
cS ^'^
S
t S
gl
oq
ft
si
J
1
u
u
^
t<
S g
CS
cS
o3
ci
ce
eg
a,
fe
fa
&H
fe
fc*
fe
~^-;^
:^
;^
>^
S
^Sd
!X)
Tti
GO
lO
05
3
^
^^
10
10
LO
UO
to
1
<M
0
CO
00
<N
(M
C<l
!M
?q
cq
S^
5-1
I
]
1
{
1 e
s
1
a
OQ
a
0
pq
2
a
fe
d
, 0
^
d
H
^
<J1.
"§
d
1
3
;^
S-i
W
P^
hCj
H
&^
W
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
X3cfiM|^.,.i^K I— lo
Z"^^ 3
oe^.::5<^
-rP
^<q 0.;::^
S'd
a> c^T"'' XI
ad S^" =^ S
•""g C! d^.^ ^ ii-
3 5:^«rflco^j^'^o?-fl'^
-^ S^. __j ._i * ^ r/> --^ '^ (*"< /V^ rr; "^ C
'- C «5 «3 '- . ^-rH S ^H^ 5^=S 3 ^
a y i^ r; ^ «(-( r-(
o_; ci
:4?i::^&^.
;.s osoQ
^w-p J
* fl--^ be
CC^
o
'J ^ r^ 02 '-H d '^ 5 5 aj i« ''^
'loSgcX^^dS g oort.2 s'3 o o 0) 2 ^'^'^ go^-ao ^ 2 g ^^2 g-§ o s p '^ g ^ o o^Go
,.S^
^rt-
o
o
-d
^
^
o
J>
C
I
A
xn
^
II
0
s
i
c3
03
w
a.
fa
o
m
j
1
t^
I
CD :6
d
od
o
o
og
^
s
S
il
!
Si^'
^*
ft
cq
m
W
ff)
j
a>
©
CP
!
s-I
d
f4
W
W
w
pq
pq
;-i
u
;-i
iiw
i
^
c6
cS
o3
eg
fa
fa
Ph
fa
ft
-5
CO
g
^
"^
lO
LO
to
LO
lO
cq
r-H
^
Oi
X)
(M
C^
1 .
1 -i
;::^ ^
'd
rt
S
02 ?
ai
!~
O
«
0 «
^ S
r
2 ^
2 I'
g<
A^
a
p
a.^
^ e^
a^
^^■^
m
w
c4
W
0)
be
o
c8
^
0
23
Hosted by
Google
354
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
M
Eh
o
o
[In
o
o
^ si CD e orT oC'T! ' -
>-^ .c:j-.-sD d o =
.f!. r-ro
j-^sS-Ss ^.-s«r
qSfe
ft
Q <»
- J- CC p^ ra
5^GO
nO"2^'c
5^
O .^ tj, r
. (»
r<u
^SSS.S'd
^^^^^
^,Sm
M^*
'■°.8^^i
' a 2 s
f- S ri cS'cS !h >5^
,,««:: So
0^ a 03 -^"t^ *!::? 'd rr-! ^
fl Jh od 00 .5S q . . .rO _ - a ^ q ^^ a
I 8fifi o| ofi.S^<'1^ ?|^'?= O?^
o
"^ as
d rt S k'^
P'§'d-S
o CC.S g'g,^
o) , ^ p 6 S
.rt'd c3 CU
■ ^M Od
d Cm
d d ^. d
^ o d' 1^
h3
o
o
o
0 H
f-* s
(l* £.
03 'f
ft.«
bB^
0 ^
W
0
P
>^
4-)
<D
a
W
m
3
pq
O r-l
(M ' rH
03
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
3
O
pq
03
1 If
:d
Oi
x>
LO
»o
lO
LO
to
55
^
OS
^
8^
o
Hosted by
Google
356
ORISGON VOLUNTEEHS IN SPANISH WAR.
o ^ 0) o ^ :
*c5
,2 S3
^
ik^ h'
3 ^d 'S ^0 o
S2S2'die^-
I, .5 "'^ >. o S o
c3 2 g oi ^-
o fl O fl
^'i^ ^ 03 r5
" O C ..X.cS?-
<= OSr-
) 00 ^ ~ -d X2 7^
H 2 hr O CD 'm CO
-rH 00 frt O <D
O • S g
cs<|3ge^
- C! '-S >> O
r'3 09 0) S
© o S
c 'M ce
cd"
03 O) o
• -C^ rr-J . I— I ^
•^d^'2^^
fyi '^ o CD • r a:>
c^^"^o2 2
O'd'Sd fl^^M^-^'d^ .05:
"^ .GO o«tH ■ e*^
ft^^b£9^-8o^^a5
<^ddc5^,S^5
i^^^"
^ co'c?
=3 ^ .2 >o -S 9; > fl ^ fl o S o 5,^^
03^ -pi OS 2 v--~0'd 5:^
rt^cc- J3t^-^c^^d:^
(Djj •;!-! a •r;* i^ o ^
d cft <^ 1 '^ cs a rj --I
« CS^J Td o*'«'S '^
22rdc^§n^ft5^
^.CP '-I .rH 00 &H CO O ■
t ►-5 TtTio .;ii -d ty >-
Q
O
o
[
o
o
-d s
03
0^
' +j
0
;-<
^
S
C3
c3
42
Hosted by
Google
^ oca . C oJ
rs — h- , «, r^
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
S'5
2 '-*' ^
L's'^
-^5 S
CO Tq CC r^ !2
cc iZ^ fl, be
^■:^%
oP o^
C g S CS C '^ - ■
S ^ c^ ft-3
j^-::
«2
•r<^t) K
t; ^ o ^ c3 p
t:; a o
© o ^ o §
-So'
^^.a^c^-S^
o -X t„ ^ p
.sa§o
o ;c- .^ t- c3 1^1 -:; ;^ . § ;ri c« ^- T^ • r,^ ^,-5 2 i^ . - -r^ '^ -d
"C "-? § d ^ -2 ,^ 00 S S5 ^ Iz; .-tii "d 4^ .-^ > ., CD 3
' o*^
3 = l^^cy.^^c2:-ci^.p.2s
:;S5 o ixio^pu-tj
o5=:a5.5-:
5" ,d 2'^-'cS '^ b!-
fl^rS ?^ S C ^ (;^
c^-^ ^. t" . o cSoT^ s S^-- _^•^<ri•-
' O ^ g
'-llpft^
1^ 3 5 ^ • 'q, ^ ^'"
'^H-^H'^-
"«
■d
1* o^
o o
o
o
Pw
(/2 CD
42
a
pq
q
ft
pq w
03
c3
d
§5
!M
^
CO
^
<Si
S5
1
g"
fa
h3
02
<D
w
'tis
^
fl
^
'«
;u
t>
03
£s
G
ft
Hosted by
Google
358
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
H
P
M
o
o
cp Q (D n "^
fl 5 yf. o ^
,« be b' .
s .n:! •!>- 'ir; rt +- 'S oi
53 5« .S o ^ S .sT^ -^
■^ u^ •-_, o;^ . ft
o u
oSg
t-.'ttor
0<p
© o
•2:^ =M 3 ^5
(D o c
fl CJ cp
u ^~
c3
^dǤ
o3
O)
^J/2
w or '" '^
^ H '-'
a oT • d ^ s
.ri. ^
3^'^^c^sa
^ POcb'<3 O
X- Tij rH 1) --^ ry?
ft^._
: cs cs d t. 5^ .
^ OJ ^
.g> 1,
00.2^
. o<2 o
;Ooo"'d
'-ofc tP be
p^ o
! ^ o o
^ S OS
^ ,2
b£&b
a a 'M
-- .0 td a? "^ i^ r/^ '^ S
o§^
o) a 0
i a o c;
o P'S-
'5W OQ p
.02 +^ -"^ ^ -+2 * •■■
a>^'^§"
•-< M fl o) 2 a J'
>P^^l
a o a
res
a
;^
03
-^
d
o
o5
CS
44
Hosted by
Google
OHEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
359
& .. , -t^ Oi _- C c3 — o -- • -^.M v-( c , "
12 ^■'^
_^ ^ fl +^ c?
O 00 >i r- ,d
>J-N
N S O)^
~r-l cp O
i: E ^ *i « .n^ 3 a, v-i
CVh
3COM
^-«l"Jil5^':^" = iio§
•^s S'ds 2-?-? |3'-! rj 0^^= -^ g g^
-?!:2co ^§^aS ^^"^-^ S ^-50 S^ S-d
,50 .^ .^^.
?^J/^
^.S.^03.5'S
c-i o
r.t^cSg
bcP
,3.1 SEPSIS 3 § f 1^^- i %.< gS.s5|^
'H"H
■^w^
Ti
G
-■-o
TS
, ^
,
M d
G
03
■fd f^
-ri d g3
CS
0-^
0^:3
:;3
0
0
^
S-t
0
^
^
S
s
c<l
C<J
>o
10
"'~ "'
!>i
>i
t>5
ki
>i
c3
a
^
c^
g
03
0
a
5-1
0
a:)
3
a
cS
c;;
0 «
o3
^
fe
^
CC
H
1
j
j
>^
1
a
^
.2
^
0
g
^
0
{
PQ
i
[
^
u
tj
PQ
h^
P
W
cq
I
0
d
oi
1
1
3
d
s
P
W
M
W
f_l
5h
^
jj
1
o3
C«
d
03
c3
&H
fe
Px^
fe
h\
:^
10
t^
^
0
•0
>o
10
LO
1.0
>o
00
^
CO
I-
C^
CO
K
s
P
%
0
^
0
r^
c5
«
0
u
5
G^
0
^
i^
03
>s
0
0
0
0
0
33
£
fJn
0
0
w
Hosted by
Google
360
OREGON VOLUKTEEliS IK SPANISH WAR.
Q
\^
%
I— I
O
o
Oh
c
o
Ss
-Tj
S S cxJ o a; . 'S ^ fl ^
ic^
hJ3
03 ja
i cS-
bC CD o *■
^ d^ ^
qd so
d .rH •-• r^ .
cc o 0) i; ® c
;=« d o
K ■"" .d (P ^ o ;i+3 2
a-^S^^^g^d^^^'S^^ls
aiij a E ^^ ^ 'd
.S .S^-Slld
t»ri o! o d
.-d
1 Oi
«l
?^«.
,^,d^«ce
rd^
xn
d_ ,
J a
5hcd^c3 d— *co^ d ^ Sq tiSgord-M*;:; S: TrTrd ^^ d ^. ^ -d
-^ ^%'t^ a " ^ o o ol'il-^-^S d S S -^^>?-0 o;§'S'S
d
d
■ri
fQ
d
'd
^
0
jO
^5
3
i-
d
fe:
0
0
5-1
■^
0
Ph
^
^
£
(S
^
£
cq
c<i
LO
'.0
C--J
lO
>.
>i
>5
>;.
>!
>5
g
d
1-^
d
1-5
(73 -
d
:^a
:^
d
c3
d
fo
X'
;d b^
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR..
361
<jj -^ t^ ijj -j^ •- 1/^ w « li^ 5
ft
^
^*
0)
p>
+s
rt
0.)
^
,o
rD
0)
0
o
m
o
rt
CI)
T5
O
CI ^3
u
d
c
rS
cs o
a
OJ
fl
o o
5h
o
r/7
en
S
OJ
0)
l^^s -^"
i^ c3 ^
^
.-T 2 oc ^ 'T3
H Q)
PCcTC :
\t<
-9 CO ■'-'+^ ;_,
^ >.-« so
S fe ft
^^^^
'^ S ft .
S ft?^'_
: 3^ o
■^ 3 '^ f^
ft'd •
is .,prgi^!tiii.rri?ii8li 1 1
^fl^c^
C.^J
J-i CC Co
03 OQ fl
^ 2 ^
.„ O M c
^ rs O) d
'"''d-'i^'ft
aup^1^s--.-wo^ .s-^
^i^^
o ifftt^ o o a
3 Ph 3 ~
+3 ci; '"' P -M -- . ;- OJ cy ;;- Q
_: » Q ^ t-'rj'*H
io^<<c3cOjgh5.!:;ft^a2c«i2^H^iD
+-3
o
o boo
I) ^ <0 -C IT^ "^ -J StaJ ^-^ .:j -H f— ( w __j ♦^ "^ t_ „"^^ ^ __j 4-J ■♦-^ . '^ *-• w CJ M ^v
o
^^
o
o
s
03
O >
PQ pq
3
fe
fe
fo
fe
fe
^
2
fe
g
" '::;^
-*
00
g
CD
g
10
LO
lO
IJT)
k-0
10
10
LO
13
Hosted by
Google
362
OREGON VOLUNTEEKS IN SPANISH WAR.
S "^ <^ o
p
P
o
o
o
o
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
363
jllll
■S.S ::^?^
P?J
C O <1> <D ^
3 0^ 5.;ifl
^t» bcr
=» J. -* S ^c:3 r-( ' ^
- ^'-' c3 uj .M V ^ -^ I-
Q O (1) f.
c: tt =3 p 3 ^ o oco Qj S ce fi gCg
I^ld Ills lis §o-?^|Pt
■CN O 'J +^ <>= 5 --^ ^^ fl
iSS^
3 Qr^^
co^-'S a-3^^-^ S^\^. o S- ^B^ I
gts
=^Oi .
go So ^^ g o^^l^a^ ll^-^*^
C3 c3
>.
cS
g
03
pq
•a
|4
1
^
^
P5
Hosted by
Google
364
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
o
o
o
O C» 03
^"^ 0^ ci S
0^ ?=' ^ 3 S
S 'P-* S T C3
;^ K,, -I r- 1 .O
w
tB CP OJ be
cj o3 <^ -^ ^ 2|>
'-'OS CS
- cp <^ ^ J
^ '/ o I
2 . ''=Mars ...'"'
'-.9 Sa},^,-^
^S^
OP -^ ^ -d r^ Q^ <1
•^•-^d ^ie ^x: o =* S op o 5Sp
_g ""^ 3 * GO «r^
' •'-' tw H 4J CD .^
-o
o
C5
^<M ^ w cy 7^ a
'-' d."^ ;:; o '^ o
r-gfd§r;P»^g^
o
o
Ph
c5
pq
c3
ft
S
O
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
365
c^.S- Ph > o o
■" Ci. s'rOC (^ «^ 5
;oi>
^5:
^ '^
- ,5 o S ^
ft*:* S 5^ c5 CD --<'
c3 S c5 ^ ^^
,^Zi'^ p c; M ^
1-^ ^'B
hr 'p3 s *"^ ^-^ j:^
aS.S OS
fS'fys^ f-f;
.« o =c-!^ a <" '^ -^ O "^
ti oi o c .^: .-^ .^ S 3;- Si' ft
o^
> ^.;
^ o o &
: '^ -tj rii ,c
rvTcvrC^ ?i^
O)
* S o ;^ iz; ^ t: 3 Sc ft"^ 5
-^ ■'-' ^^f^ n^ -- . C "^ rri ►> ^ -'•' .l:!
■C '^'B i ftS
C -^ .^ ^ O 'J^ S 'C
^xifto-^""^
-joc^ w^ ^' qj o '
;tr ^ ft O -^ O ,2 '^ S (
->^ o -^ - 15 -^ O ^ .^ -^i^ > CI c
5-. «> bD s _- !- ^ - -n?
orr
-'TJ'i
i
6
3 >>
"r-t
-*
Q C
c;
o£
:::5,i:3
r^-^
Goo „
^t:j a
bJD^ O o =^ "
75 5 '■^'' "k>< ""^ "S "^^ -i^ ^ / 2ii
s2 ^ ^ xi !w cT-rt 2 ^
§ ?i ^ • ^z; 1^ 'o ^ ^
^-^^f^ ft- ^t^V"^
^^5
^..ft.^ ^
cz; CD OS t^<^ I-: cS a ^^ «
-H ftl ^ t: ;3 <l> h- -^
^[^"
"W^
•_ O O ^ ^ "
O
o
Oh
&H
.2 a
d
fe
<i
1
w
CD
f^ 1
s
^Is
0
^-0 ^
&"
rt
ischar
disa
es, We
-d
Q
X5
*3
d
fe
10
0
Hosted by
Google
366
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
W
M
o
o
a; o
o_-r; :i ^ .? d oj ? ?5 bD,
tPiMiBMilTa
3 § ^:l-.S^. g^t =^-^2'^6^ § o| fl-a L ;5-2^
1— i-^T:J>i ni ^i^ f-J
fl a
1^
>*i5tfiK.|||||°ijg.!J
^^ "Ro ^^
•'-'X] ■^d'cro) CD c^oi
c ^ "3 afl ^ o acq
•t:; O d -^ ^ <» '^. ►*
•^ r— < s_i -^ " bi d . ^
b£rd be
-^ a :c
O « O
'oj o
> ^^
^Q*?
^ 2 S ^ g O ^ O r^'
IS
53 tc ^
o
0^
o3
o
1^
O
o
o
>
'S
O
o
o
ba
cq
P
CO
P
C3
Hosted by
Google
OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
367
-s-i -^ *o o c
c =: E^ -
55 goS^^ooi^^^g^go^r^og^^-g
■Sc^^ c;:§ iJ:^ a7/o -s :: g fcx^g o.^.S .5^
5^
^ *- ^t- r ^ rt -. . ^ _
G 5 ce ^ «i^ .;^
,ii: -^ o K c3 n-
•'-w GX2p -,^
'^Or
^-^'-.
^ Q ^ ^ r^! « o
-^•b
l,co <^
'-^c
\^^nJ^-^B.$^'BV.V.t
bD
'Ceo .' -. ,
G c! -' cj s ^ ;=1 CD -^ '~*cL><:o^:^>>cy^t; r!=! G Cf-d ^oo
S^ .B tSo^
M
sl§s^^:i|llll?«rGr^^^i
^ r) 2 CD* . "G ■*-'
O
.10
iO
1
May
o
O
Q
Hosted by
Google
368
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
a
P
%
M
o
PL*
o
S. o c3 ^ .:S c6
^ CD ® S2<» a
>- C! «■> 3 '(Do
.jH "-< Tl '-H ^ f-1 t^
So
^ Oco,
^x'-'^'S >»'=^53.'^
'^4J S S O cs'^^ •
_=M -rJ -5 -^ S o . d a
III! I lie-' ^-S^. -g^S-a.-
€fe= .^ O :^ O G
"♦^ . "♦"^ ,-r • Qj n-i !ij C ."T . • f-t
^ 2 ^"
bc^-S P^-l
S^.o
w -- >^ s.t::;'" <1 "t; t» K »J " " &C'^'-' a_L Qui '^"T3 r/i" m w---
3^fl^- d
0^t5-^s|gMo|.Sg|-£|
-X; ^ a oi o =w -M .2 n o ' C"-*'^ v<'^ cl-
;n r- L^ 'S 71 r-< 's ^ t-
ItiilS
O :0 CD ^* . <i i-H
9^ _^ *^ cuO JJ
t3
d
33
c3
03
^ d
^!;^
^
w
0?
0
o3
rd
f^
tj
CP
u
0
03
0
0
^
'^ o
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
369
bJD
•J} i-l
.,-1 O
o d cs S^ <:
543 a)Q::>
5^^ 0^ t^ "^
■J vj — , 0 "^
r^ ^'S'- ^^ gTS-rii ^ 0^2 cS-S fan
•-< tl <i> +3 -rH (pj o -M c *!!
a o
o M-r; flS 00
C««2
o
CO q5
^^
£
o
O
t:5
o
Oh
o
■2S
03
c3
c3
d
I^
03
SJ
,_(
CO
l>
t^
0
^
00
CO
s^
CO
1
1
1 d
w
H
1
CD
CD
cu
03
Q
24
0) r; >
c3
Hosted by
Google
370
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
Q
P
o
o
c
I
o
-t-3 p iT^ 4) -M "-i
S ^ ^ 2^9^-^ ^.2^=H*ie §3 -2^=2 ^ ^ ^ 2 o '=' d 0^^ S p-S
jcM'S^rS-fl .SLOG'S >,v: cj l:!>^*-^ o
f/) te- '^ 1j t
SS-2t5r?'S«'^o^b6|'=>=^
o
Ph
■ ' si
{
1
r-^ ^.
a
.<^
Sl.
fe
fe
s::i\
.<
"-r-
t^
^.o
LD
s^
CO
?9
CO .
!
d
6
CD
^
'tS
"S
S
OS
32
P5
Z
:^
c;
rd
o
A
o
'm
o
g.
:^
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
371
-TTlS O) o 3
.;:; ^ S » cji^
^ J^ ^ d ^
^© Q ■-' H
• ^ +f S rt O
i
1
xi
,d
P
1X5
d
g
&
=2 ^
?: Q <s o <1
cS
-r!
OS
..^
C3
1
o
d"
tf
,£3^
f1)
c;
O
C
o
:3
S
d
r)
r*
H^l
^
t^
03
-^
'cT
CP
03
5
ci
0^
3
7J
o
fl
d-
h>
03
0)
X!
>.
Ti
tS
r^
(U
t>
^
c;
W
>
CD
< ^
Ph
s
g
i
0
d
i
o
a;
o
:S
o
^
i
>
1
I
d
1-5
03
2
d
S
•M
?
02
03
OS
1
1— i
1
02
i
^
0
ft
ij
4-5
03
r^"
IB
o
1
i
0
CO
1
'd
a;
•d
c
o3
'3
s
03
0
•B
o
H
3
>^
-u
o
CM
W
'd
2
d
03
biO
(-1
d
Ph
3
CM
1
"^
1
o3
^
03
03
CO
d
'S
be
d
CD
03
1— 1
^
£
d
1
1
o
1
'c3
a,
CP
bJD
CP
eg
o
00
QO
be
+2
(In
3
S
d
o
'd
a
2
3
>5
M
Ph
'S
o
o
3
d
g
H
S
o
1
'd
i5
^"^
c3
0
be
rrt
c«
^
(— I
,—1
1—1
.^
ft
O
^
>1
«
o3
9
fl
03
s
^
d
^
S
k:^
^
>5
d
a
rt
">H
3
o
§
s
C3
o
%^
03
O
a
3
P^'
X3
Hosted by
Google
372
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
■ S^
u o
s^
ij f-
•^ <D
M :3 (p
® S fe
O .^d
"^-^^"^
59 5^
pqa5
^o O
goj
cp'tJ bo
'b d q
CO ^^
O "^
Oh*
1
Originally mustered in as captain; on leave of absence
Sept. 13 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. O. No. 130, A. G. 0., 1898.
Originally mustered in as 1st lieutenant; on leave of
absence Sept. 13 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. O. No. 130, A. G. O.,
1898.
Originally mustered in as 2d lieutenant; on special
duty as A. C. S. July 1-10, '98, B. 0. No. 1; on leave
of absence Sept. 13 to Oct. 9, '98. per G. 0. No. 130,
A. G. 0., 1898.
In the settlement for clothing is included the sum of
116.40, total value of articles issued him by the State;
mustered in as 1st sergeant; on furlough Sept. 20 to
Oct. 9, '98, per G. O. No. 130, A. G. O., 1898.
In the settlement for clothing is included the sum of
$22.40, total value of articles issued him by the State;
mustered in as quartermaster sergeant; on furlough
Sept. 9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. 0. No. 130, A. G. 0., 1898.
In the settlement for clothing is included the sum of
$22.40, total value of articles issued him by the State;
mustered in as veterinary sergeant; on furlough Sept.
9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G. 0. No. 130, A. G. 0., 1898.
In the settlement for clothing is included the sum of
$22.40, total value of articles issued him by the State;
mustered in as sergeant; on furlough Sept. 9 to Oct. 9,
'98, per G. 0. No. 130, A. G. O., 1898.
In the settlement for clothing is included the sum of
$22.40, total value of articles issued him by the State;
mustered in as sergeant; on furlough Sept. 9 to Oct. 9,
'98, per G. O. No. 130, A. G. O., 1898.
In the settlement for clothing is included the sum of
$22.40, total value of articles issued him by the State;
1
1
1
1
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portlaud-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
a
^
K
July 1-
July 1-
July 1-
July 1-
July 1-
Julyl-
July 1-
July 1-
July 1-
1
Civil
engineer.
Salesman
Book-
keeper.
Ware-
houseman
Lawyer-
Vet.
surgeon.
Book-
keeper.
Janitor —
Lineman
1 g
ill i§ 1 j g > g
1 1 s r 1 s 1 ^- s
1
I'
1
1
D. Br.
D. Br.
D. Br.
Lt.Br.
D. Br.
Lt.Br.
D. Br.
Br. —
D. Br.
<V O O CD <V CD <X> O <D
SSHJ S S 0 0 p d
pq S w ■ P' m w . S S S
ll
Ut Ui 'J, U, U U, u U Ui
'S 'S '3 "S 'd *ce 'S '^ 'S
fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
g ! ;^ nt :^ :^ :^ :^
vs;,-! o I r> --1 00 Lo o
giO LOCO to lOlO CD lO lO
^ 8? §J ?^ , g§ 5^ ^ ?3 9^
1
Robert S. Greenleaf—
Captain.
Loren A. Bowman—
/sf Lieutenant.
Hiram U.Welch
2d Lieutenant.
S. E. Rehnstrom
ist Sergeant.
Thaddeus S. Potter.-
Quartermaster Sergeant.
Andreas I. Sorensen^
Veterinary Sergeant.
John W. Nendel
Sergeant.
Stephen L.Tompkins
Sergeant.
Andy Ingemaii— —
Sergeant.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
873
s3| aS| all s||
3320 piCCO 3GCO C^O
=^oo "oo ^2o 2^
cijrj-^ Crji-' q)A3+^ iXi,a+=
^t2o ^t^c. ^^ci ^^^.
P-+^ t^ i- o
«X1
>3 «: S -K
^ CD O
a^o
SGOO
'^' O) o
a^o
^ QJ O
-tij^'ft '^^ft r^x^p, 'd-^p, tu-^^- ft t3^p. 'd'^ft -d-^ ^ ^'^^^ i2< -- ^ •:?;'- ^
dgaQ -^a^ '^Scc '^a^} 'dc-33^^ -^a^c -dGcc ^B^^^'^ca} -dfljiQ 'oacc
-^^S-^ Tl'^-^ ^=^3^ ^'!B^ ^-^^y^r^ ^'Bi-^ ^^^ ^SS Scr-^^-CJrfl 7^'=3^
^r—l-J .^T-IS -dT^S .fi-rtC •fl^>i— '--: •fl'Ud 'Cod .nrr-('-''-'__jr^'-^'^ nrr^^
'T^OO 02 dT^GO.2 dT^OO tC ^i'S^
^sicj'j^^r^-^s^i":
^-=^c
=^ ^- ^'^S.S SS >,'^^.2S S'gSS.S ^"^^.^ ^Z i?.^ S^2S.S ^t:S.^ ^7^25
O C 02 riO S c
ift 3
«^6d^'^ofld'"ocS*Ofld^ofldooa^Ortd^ocJd^odd«j§-pP^odd^ofld^o
^^ S-^ ^^ g-S ?i^H §le ^^ §^ ^^ §'3 ic;.a^ 1-3 ^^ §^ ^^ 2-^ c^--S S? ^^ S^ ^^ §'S ^^
^6 §^£6 liad Si: .ad s^.2d|i =^00 ^6 i^.ad|!:.ad|^.a is i::.ad|i.sd|i.2d
r^^Kt3+-''drK+^+^''drh+S+^'^rh+=-^^rh^+^^ _,rKi3-M'drK*=-i-j'drK4-3+^'d w OH-=+^^rh"t^'tf^rh"*i-^^ri-i
SitIS 2? S2 £? Is £*|2 £^ 82 g»|®|2 g^S 82 a't S2 S'g^ g2 S'2 SB g® »3 £?
I h^^i h^i ^s?"^ ^s?l -ss« as a»o| ^ss^ sss'|-Cso| a^oi ^5=1 a
'd
•d
-d
'd
'd
'd
'd
^d
-d
-d
^
£3
G
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
c3
c6
c«
03
03
c3
c3
d
c3
c«
^
;h
^
!U
7-4
u
j-t
;h
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Pm
^
Ph
P^
PM
^
P^
pm
Ph
PlH
Ph
>.
>»
>,
>>
>i
>i
rH
>>
>i
>»
>>
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
^
H-S
HS
^-5
h-3
hs
1-3
h>
hj
h-s
^-5
0)
CO
a
CD
0
03
-d
1^
53
1
>>
03
d
'd
d
t
0
<D
0
p
CD
0 s^
CD
Q
^
H^
s
P
pq
^
0
hq
Q
0
'6
d
M
M
M
M
. d
1
,d
0
s
j
t^
]
j
1
j
U
U
u
il;
tH
1
CQ
1
'
i
1
pq
pq
pq
PQ
pq
^
U
fH
fH
?H
^'
W
P
fP
PP
pq
pq
fi
pq
ft
Q .
nq
1
i
CP
<D
<D
<D
<D
0
]
ai
CD
p
u
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
PQ
W
p:i
W
pq
pq
M
pq
pq
pq
pq
.l>
j
J
■S
?-l
J
5-
ii
;-i
u
;-i
ce •
03
(kS
03
o3
c3
OS
03
c3
c3
fe
fe
^
fl
^
fe
Et^
fe
&H
I^
&H
;5^
;:??
;:}?:
::^
:;^
H\
^Ij
Hj
t-
00
OS
jt>
Ih
00
to
to
LO
iO
LO
»o
10
10
to
CO
10
t-
i>
rH
g§
Gl
^
CO
C<1
0
(»
(N
cq
C<1
CO
S^l
?q
(M
?q
CM
(M
CM
J=! ?
^ ?
-d e^
c3 S
o3 jp
CC -
pq
^-:
^
a
ft
SI
as
d
'H^^-
(D
P-
w
►>
>
d
0
a
^
1 e
^i
^^
5 s
0 ;^
0 a.
,d g'
W ?-
^-s
^^
...
P
S
^,
^
.d
+i
<u
Ph
'd
0
'd
Hosted by
Google
374
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
H
P
o
o
I
cq
EC 0)
0^+^ &JDO
en (X) Q^<^ .
^-2 q p^^
SoQ o 0m q
^^^^
FrC'S^
&J}
Oi^Spo^
«M tr^*- '^ ;
03 +i C o3 _5 2 =^
+:a CJ fi+J^^ S3 ft
^ -tp d 03 '»
JsSil^
&fi .
'^q
'^nrit
^r^^^
1 QTrt'^
' o.)
^ C3
^ft£0
M W
03
^J^^
c3
o
c3
o
o
fin
d
0
o
So I
03
03
O
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
ub
oO
2s
So.
.S|o|=|g
3 <x> o
%Bu
o-^ ft
■rH a;
d S CD
^ G ^ O «j 3
,-, o ■^ '^ a 03
^+-5 CO
%^6
-nr^. -^XJ^ ^.^j2.
tr ^ ^ .. CO cc P "^
3-^ ft
.-a b
MJ O
bo;
^^i^i
iw
C so J
p ^^^
■+J 13 ft
tf S ft 11*^25
:=^ce^^ S^jQp
O ^ G^ bJD • (D ^ .
1! >.-£^'-^>. -
^ ^ o g; ^o
jjjP ^ O^ he— ^'O CO £^3*
CD ■•-^ -. ^ >i-i
-^2>^S+^a^ft
;- 1:^1 ^5f 1131 >§'
o
o
o
p^
o
Oh
O
o
3
B
'u
o o
CD o3
ft'-^
o5
pq
PP
p:i
P*
pq
3
a>
1
0
0)
i
0
O)
]
OJ
1
0
S
;3
d
G!
s
PP
pq
pq
m
pq.
pq
P
pq
pq
pq
03
c3
e a
^ if
o
<1
o
p^
OS
a
73
fe
«
0
fe
f^
5tr
;-!
G
cS
0
pq
pq
Hosted by
Google
376
OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
P
h-l
o
<
pq
oss^gd
•oafo 'Sb-^go ^Si; "s^^o a^
o If k> 0 ^"o
'^^'^Sm
the sum
y the Sta
,rtment j
uty to du
y 26, '98; '
130, A. G. <
Lg is included the sum
issued hira by the Sta
9, '98, per G. O. No. 1
g is included the sum
issued him by the Sta
'98, inc.; in line of dm
9, '98, per G. 0. No. 1
Ig is included the sum
issued him by the Sta
^8; in line of duty,
g is included the sum
issued him by the Sta
9, '98, per G. 0. No. 1
Lug is included the si:
icles issued him by t
a^p£i!^".
bbb$b"
acc^'sco o
a>xii ^mV o
the s
y the
ineof
thes
y the
O. N
^ o"^ o"^^
;luded
him b
's depa
tecial d
ed Jul
O.No.
!luded
himb
98; in 1
eluded
him b
per G,
jluded
himb
eluded
himb
.; in li
per G.
ment for clothing is inc
value of articles issued
tyat post quartermaster
2, July 21-27, '98; from sp
5, per S. 0, No. 137, dat
!pt: 9 to Oct. 9, '98, per G.
g is inc
issued
ct. 15, '
g is in<
issued
9, '98,
2: is inc
issued
g is in
issued
'98, inc
9, '98,
1
settlement for clothin
total value of articles
rlough Sept. 9 to Oct.
O., 1898.
settlement for clothin
total value of articles
n quarters Aug. 22-26,
rlough Sept. 9 to Oct.
0. 1898.
settlement for clothii]
total value of articles
n quarters July 14-17, '!
settlement for clothiuj
total value of articles
rlough Sept. 9 to Oct.
0., 1898.
settlement for clothi
.40, total value of art
clothin
articles
. 25 to 0
clothin
articles
to Oct.
lothini
rticles
lothini
rticles
15-22,
0 Oct.
O 03 O 05 >i-^
ent for
alue of
tal Aug
ent for
alue of
Sept. 9
ent for
alue of
ent for
alue of
:ers Jul
Sept. 9
settlem
total V
n hospi
settlem
total V
rlough
O., 1898.
settlem
total V
settlem
total V
n quart
rlough
0., 1898.
he settle
.40, total
post dul
0. No. 13
ly 28, '9e
lough S€
,s^^B6Sl^^M^dstzSi^^6iMs^MS^^^
M
MM M M M
M M
M M
Ti
r^l fQ 10 nd 'd
Xi T5
Ti -d
i
fl
fl fl c a a
fl fl
fl fl
c3
^ C3 TO w ^
rS ^
o3 cs3
^
^
^3 ^ "^ 7^ '^
■^ +i
q3 +3
k
Sh
S-.. f-|. S-, f- 5h
%-< U
^ f-j
CO
o
O O O o O
o o
o O
Ph
^ P4 Pm p^ fl^
Ph ^
&H Ph
1
i
>>
h h ^ ^ ^
^ h
>, >>
?
!g
s
9 s p 3 9
'B B
9 9
H5
,_j Uj >_, H-5 Hj
h, hj
<-: ^
^i
Printer -
Grocer —
Student-
Elec-
trician.
Harness-
maker.
C a3
I 1
s§.
Lahore
Wood-
work
O i, o3
1
Condi
Stea]
' boat
S
si
w
^ ■ 1 1 .-d
d !
i
1
i
^
3 ^
o o
^-"
1 U ^h' in' 'Ji
1 ^'
1 ''^
,i^
w
. J FP pq pq pq
! pq
: ^
1
fi"
« ft* ft* ft Q
S ft
S fl
«'
1
1 qj qj 1 ci
J i
qJ CD
1
?h'
^ B B ^ B
B ^
o s
8
•1
pq
m pq . pq pq pq
w w
« m
si
^ S-! u 'Ji u
1^ .pi
tl Sh
!§ §
"cS
d d cS c3 c^
33 cS
(S OS
^
fe
fe fe fe fe &^
ft fa
fa fa
s^
l^ , ^" o. ^ ^
^
►siui
,00 O
cr> 00
^•^
lO lO lO >Jt) to
to LO
cq , o
to lO
Oj
(M
O — 1 ^ __( ^
CO o
c<5'
Csl C<1 CSl CSl CM
T)H cq
(M ^
1
in
o
Arthur C.
red H
Jesse S
eorgeC
, William H.
ohn F.
John L
► CO
^ 1
c3
-3
yant,
rns, F
rton, .
ird, Gi
nfield
ider, J
nner,
!-. 2, c3 erf eg
S ' o
i:^' C
w ■
pq' pq . pq' • pq pq
Q ft
ft, ft
Hosted by
Google
\:
"'y.^^^^
1 \v*:-K*''wWw *■;.
!;..;#^"ll^-|
'
\ 'ipfr.r^^
:"^^H
:^m
"^^
. T.,;
■^
::^
■:^
[ '1^
,^-
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
377
O
d
^
o
ft
CD
a;
o
O
21
1
^^
o
W
pq
ft
ft
03
03
c3
o3
o3
53
0}
■ GO
0)
w
o
s
CD
B
^
H
o
3
o
ft
Hosted by
Google
378
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
M
o
I
2q
^-t '^ -r-
tj_, .^ .s <;(_,•'«'■
5,_l . ». ^ t)_, .»..-.. .
o^f^ '^i^'^3 "^S^
«4-i .^ »-
O '1"^
0^8 osB
o^g o^«o
0 00
03^
gl"
a^" a^"
lid ^Is-d
S-S'"' fl fj^ S ^""^
aS^.
a^^
^020
r^CC 0 sec 0
riGCd §^-!4 G^o
*s!^ "^sS" *2^
G<:» 0
=^^^
^ o^
CO qIz; 03 0*2;
«2«^ ^2-^-^
«3 CDlZi
""Sg
o.s:\ .
Q)-^ . Or^ .
(JjXl . CD-^ 0 .
•dS . O'Oqq 0^ .
CD.G .
o^-as
a-o
I^° 5^:0
5^:0. 5^00
5^^ a^^ 5^0
^^>P
^^2
rC-£*^*
■o'^d 'S'^cS
rd-^d 'Ci'^^d
^l^^d 'S'S^oo^'^d
rd^d
cp ^ erf
'da^
^ ri
T^ & ^
-d w sh -d &'-' ?M
r§a^ ^aog^g^'
rdg ^
05 ^ ^ CO cfi
l-d^ ^^^d^^d"^
G'd CO
hi
&J0 - bD
<"^ '^-^i-^''^-^"
be-" d
s
1
.5 CD a
.sit? .ai;^o|i^
-S'cu 0
.a^a
<^
Ms
Ms Ms
0 cS"^ 0 d+f
Sto
0 crf^
-^1
Ocrfg
U%~iO>
5_{,_lCn 5h«mC^
00.. .0 0 "^ •
^!m05
o o .
.00 . 00.
t^*& t^O)^ .!^*ft
G,a <^ ' g3 ^'OtiB ^
OJ o3^' <P (rf S , cp rjCC
,0 0 .
«tH 4J
tfH ^ <M 4-J
t^ ~t- V-i +^
«fH •+^
^
"rt S 05 rj P C3 CP
I^ ^ ft
G^ ®
g5'^
. cp ce'fc..
CD --J tJ)X) 0 r-H TjjX) a; -2 MOO <d --h hcao 0 r-n -j bcoo a; ■-3 ^jj^qq o^ -h o3 » cd r-j ^jqqo cu r-; 5idoc ® --s rj
^fad^^'^ads^'''Sds^''^o5f'§'^d^€^ds€33-S€^os€'^6^^'^ft
H
M M
1— ( M.
M MM
rd
M
'd
t:} 'd
-a 'd
d d nd
rd
i
fl
rt c
C G
a a c
G
G
fe
cS
erf ce
<rf a
d erf erf
c3
o3
^
q3 ' s
:3 :;3 q3
fe:
!^ 5-4
U U
5-1 !1h f-.
^
0
0 0
0 0
0 ' 0 0
0
0
PM
Ph . P^
^ p^
PM Ph Ph
'Oh
P^
1
1
h
>> >.
>^ l>i ^'
>!
h
5
g
r-H J-H
^
9
D 0
3 ' d
3 'B 'B
G
h3.
H-3 ^
^ t-3
hj H-5 H:
►-^
^
1
!
0 fn
^ 1
1 ^ 1
m 0 G O
1
i
1
1 1
■' erf 0
c3 0 ' d
cp'
O
Q
E^ fl^
^ Q
^ 0 ^
6
3
il
54
0
g 6
i ^ . i
U '^ '^
0 M 0
erf
0
0
J-I
1 ^
u iC..
!:4 ^^ ' ;4
;4
tn'
i-*
pq
pq
W' ffl
pq pq W
pq
PQ
1
;h* -J
-fj
^
h:!'
oq ^
ft ft
Q H^^ ■ .fl
uQ
P*
<p
1 a;
a! 1
OJ <P (D
1
CD
J
s
r-
d G G
G
G
t
1— 1 *4
•2
■1
m
w S
m «
CQ PQ PQ
s
w
gl
it^
1 1
.^ d
_S-1 fj f-I
!h
u
'S
d ' '3
erf erf
<rf irf o3
d
*S
q
fe
^ fe
&H P
Ph fe Ph
&H
fe
S i
:^-^ ;^
^< ^^ H^
1
QO ■ t- ■,
Oi 30 , "X)
b-
>o
^•^
10 / ■ 10
10" ■ 10
LO lO to
10
lO'
1
00
0 -H
QO CO
0 0 00
J.Q
r-H
cq cq
SM ■ CO
CO ■ CN r-l
C-1
<
1 1
.• A^'
1 1 pj
i
1
C 1
G .S
n, 2
g 0 S
a > Q
a
(rf
g"
"l c
fe ^
^ ^ g"
G -^ -^
■s ^ ^
^"^
M
05'
a
3
G 0
1
G
M
0)
(P
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOIAJNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
379
^^ ■
o o .
^6^
OrA5
oSU
o i^""^
BB^.
BB-:
30Q O
peep
=^Q^
^©;5
©^ .
o-a .
^^o
-^^O
*->r.
^ >.
O "^S
= -5o
!>^ >j S CO *^ >>-
'd.^rh 'd-^rh 'O-^Vjf djDd'^ '^'^rh
CKOT
CTj
dP
CC o ^
o ft
+2 O ft
3d "
c oc t:
-3 2 .
d a !-
t^ ... .. St-i ;
-.-so
^3 c^
1 bDQOri;
_j d "' _
o o o r q3 o 3 J" '^ o
' °KtO
3 C ^ o
G ? • r^ "^ 5 X
■>J <D ft
(13 5 O)
*^ O ft
^B9.
S.r^ (V,
^^ ft
•Sis
•r-l OJ ,s
ox: ••<!
§d-Sd
ox: .
^ >i .
Oh
d s ^
.-<^ ft
•si J
^^ c3 d ft
OS CIO
c^i-jr^rH d^:0^ d^o^ ri^^o^ pm^wX^ fla^o^i
^ O ft *J o ft
S50 flSO rtSO
qj^^ o-d^ 2':3^ - ^ „,
pi; '"2 bDx;;i;'-^ bJDco.-H'd &X)^r-H'd c^l^
■» o^^^o o o ro qOTqj o c^r^
Pi d cc O
1 =« o^
jK+3'r|0 ^-'-''sIIO '^+-''fllO ^+^
(X) _r d . o q" d • o o" d . o o"'"' '^
Sit 3'"'
Bm'^ 6
d S c
d ^ o
"+? ft
O -5
-d
Cd
•^ O f-i :c
M d _p
6c.i2?^or
o -S O ^ t
d o
^ o .
) d ?5
01^
0<^ d^O^^ !
!M O
^-^;Sd^o<JciSSo<Jd^
d
o
o
pin
O
Oh
h
^
be
>.B
o
o
o 2
p
"-A
o
3
CQ
4-2
d
d
5
OS
d
t>
bD
o
O
O
fl
0
o
o
c3
Oh
ft
ft
§
CO
tH
g
^
o
t^
CD
CD
00
LC
■o
lO
lO
>o
>-0
LC
t.O
lO
i-O
i-O
'^
00
05
^
S
?§
?5
Oi
S5
CM
?^
o
ce
d
w
!/)
fl
^
Jai
S3
Hosted by
Google
380
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
H
p.
M
o
Q
<
H
ffi
ncluded the sum of
id him by the State;
vy department per
S. 0. Na. 137, dated
Oct. 9, '98, per G. 0.
ncluded the sum of
d him by the State;
line of duty; onfur-
0. No. 130, A. G. O.,
V^,.-- ?(_|.»-.. ;(_|»^- ((-I.,.., CM.,-rs «t_|..» ^..^^
C^o o®o oa^o . ooo o^o 03 po^o
c^f
S^"^' S-m"^ B'B^ BB^ B^^ S-m Si^'"'
BS
C3 GC d P 02 d 3 :c d S 5q d 5 :« d pw 0(n a
pa2
ncluded the s
?d him by the
1, per G. 0. N
ncluded the s
d him by the
, per G. 0, N
included the s
d him by the
, per G. 0. N
included the s
d him by the
, per G, 0. N
included the s
d him by the
, per G, 0. N
ncluded the s
d him by the
line of duty,
ncluded the s
d him by the
, per G. 0. N-
*ai
(DrQ
•^ is 03 '_, O •'-^ <^ rt J
.rt U^g(J .rH CPQO ■ (UOO 0)00 "0)00 -tH 0) ^ .r-l (XI ,05
.!:5 0)
vi^^Qi^ cc s go
■kPS^ crJj?^ !»;3°= w ZjO:> 0:301 w O ^ w ^^
r/j S
-^JK.5«aai '^ (^'^
•rH CC ^ .rt « , ^ "^ m ^ ■'"' CC "'"*(» , -r-l 05 "~? --H CC "^
.!h cc
U).^"^ hfi-M^ bD.5«a> bC^O bD.2a^ JiC.5«Ar&D.2S3:r
br.2S
1
s
nt for clothin
ue of articles
ept. 9 to Oct,
nt for clothlU;
ue of articles
ept. 9 to Oct.
nt for clothin
ue of articles
3pt. 9 to Oct.
nt for clothin
ue of articles
3pt. 9 to Oct.
nt for clot hi rj
ue of articles
3pt. 9 to Oct,
nt for clothin
ue of articles
s July 18-20, '9
nt for clothin
ue of articles
ipt. 9 to Oct.
+3 o
f^
t for cl
le of art
.t post
uly 21-:
urlougb
, 1898,
t for cl
e of art
July20
Oct. 9,
he settlemen
.40, total valu
post duty a
0, ]So. 132, J
y 26, '98; on f
. 130, A. G. O.
he settlemen
,40, total valu
k in quarters
igh Sept. 9 to
^3
ettleme
otal val
Lough S
»., 1898.
ettleme
otal val
ough S
'., 1898.
lettleme
otal val
ough S(
., 1898.
ettleme
otal val
ough S(
'., 1898,
ettleme
otal val
ough S(
'., 1898,
ettleme:
otal val
quarter
ettleme
otal val
ough S€
,, 1898,
Bttlemei
3tal val
D ^+^
^S^*^
1— 1 M
M
1
r^ ^
'd "13 T3 'T3- 73 ' TJ. 7D
-d
i
<u
a 0
s a G S3 fl c a
fl
s
a ' (^'
03 cS oS ' oS c3 o3 cS
cS
g
J?
^ ^ 13 IS !:ij :;3 :3
fe
f-i !Lh
U ^ ^ Fh Sm . U' u
O O
0000000
0
1,
Pl4 Ph
Hi P^ P^ PM Ph flH (1^
pL|
1
1
^- ^
^ h x:^ h ^ h ^
>~i
i
S
3 s
'3 3 9 s 'S 3 9
9
h5 Hj
^ , ^ ^ ^ ^ hj h5
l-j
j 1
! i ! %: c ' ii u
1
1
borer,
borer.
liar
make
X
make
ndy
make
siniste
-2
a> 3
cS 03 .Si 0 0 cs 0
9
O
o fe
h1 ^ Q 0 P^ 0 H
q^
Where
lorn.
Eng-
land.
Or
1
i
j Cal. __
Wash.
Ohio-
Minn,
Iowa -
^ OS
0
M
Jh^ Ih'
'^ u u C u u u
?J
-'s
pq oq
cq pq pq pq pq pq CQ
pq
!?
P P
fi P P P 2 P P
P
«
j 1
<X) 1 1 1 Qi CD <D
J
1
1
W W
.3 jh u u B B B.
pq pq fq pq pq ■ pq pq
d
s
si
tJ i:-!
!-l ^^ ?-i tj fj jj ^
""J^
<3 1
c3 OS
'S' "3 'oj 'S' "S 9 'S
"S
f^
»<
fe • Cii '
fc( hi^ fe ' Ij^ [i| [i^ ■ fe
fe
^,..-:^ ;^
M\ i-f\ fO\ r-K
_ __
1
Nt- rH
>o ^ t- ■ OS CO i> ■ 00
CO
>0 10 LO LO lO kO lO
kO
^ 5^ §^ 5^^ a ^ '^
?5
1 ! 1 ! 1 d !
! Z j W i t: «
1
J i s i i 1 b
,^*
■1
-1 1
ollard, Fran
owers, Willi
.andall, Frai
ussell, Willi
mith, Bert J
tranahan, R
purlock, Ha
1 t
O u
0
Ph' ^
Ph p^ Ph Ph m . cc oQ
QQ
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
381
'oM 'Sfo '^h^g "oo^gg "o^g "6'^g o^'g
dj-^ ^S'^ SS^ S^>.>^^. BS"^ BS'^ BS^
:s^ is^ i^ l%^:f. iw^ 1%^ itf^
Sto $lp S^d S^S|°. ^-^d -td Std
3:^ -^^^^ IS"" -^s^r
:o« .SloT .S^oc' £g32|^^'^
SOS r-oi xrCi^ ^ u*^^
^OQ rQOQ £«^0 £.2 ^^3
Sto o"-go ^'uo 2?J^^
'^Ci-^^ 0C5*^ ^o;-*^ ^^I^O^'
5:jv-c» jLnti-jCi ^t(-(Ca ^Vt)*^ Cu
0U2 6
s :k ^ d s ^ d
r* . -^ CO rz Oi *^ zo r* .-^olr-i .-f^cdr-i - -^ id r-i cc'rr .+^'^>rj •+^:Or3 •■►^^iH .+->C<f<-' .-t^cdor^ .+^C<lr^ .
O
Oh
O
o
03
O
PQ C^
pq
P
a; o3
pq
3
d
^
2
5
\?""
03
fe
2S
S:i
00
_<
QO
!M
^
00
-H
OS
(M
CO
<M
(M
rH
CO
1
tci
i
,3
0
*-5
D3
d
o;
^
s
CO
c5
b
<i
o
05
i4
o
m
fl
w
o
'd
f3
H
<
4^'
o")
be
^j
O
Hosted by
Google
382
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
Q
o
<
a -(J .
5rd
SCO Da[2 o
4J !^+^ *J K.^
H ^ ^-^-^ 's '^r^o ,
ji^<^'ii<^''^
O^ r-j 0'l,^^ O rr O cu,E|f_M be cur: S
' !>iS
<U c3 <!> d
O^
xi p,
_ ^ -„ - J CO (U (.
■-^^ o
o o ..
CD d^
.2 GO B "* !ZJ
.553 S.. 52 =
|2d§3d--|o.^
o t^ o .S •* S^
0) 53 <¥ ^ CSS^
.^ _. . OS O "5^ o
ga
Oi 53 0) 5^ ^^ .
B>tB>s:iB
• ® O •'-' <D O tg rK '
4-= :^I O +^ "S JH I.
2 of^^ o-^o c
- rH cS 3 r^ r^ c3
Sgo^^x:;:
03
W
ft
c3
03
o3
o3'
;^
c3
O
l!^ "v '^ ■»■
^-^
Q
03
:^
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 383
ifrrul'^'-' -TOO)!- 1 >5®r/rb£)n-! VI m
i^lil^iiyiiiJUl
:• a I g a P P a a ^ 3 ^ ^ -S = -S «
-^ CL ^' ^ '"^ -d ^ ., 5 ^ =« 5^
0^ o
< %
t- ^j ^ CO
y
:«
S
T-!
,^
CO
0)
3
s
OS
'3
t>
!^
(X)
OS
0)
OJ
;^ I ^ 3 " S 6 > 1 ..• »' a 53 a ^ "
H 1^ o § 5 fl- S ^ ?■ ^ eg =; S .§ a 'H3
^
o ^ —
Ph S ^ tJ i 2 p- a 1 a -d :^ ° I :^^ '^ S -g
H ft r/ n^ T;^ '^^ C3 fH S r^ .5. S^
c^ o" "d
«r d o ^^ ^ -g ^ : •£ "^ ^^- I S ^ .^ , .
53oi3^>:?^ci3cqM-4^-^ ^03-a^Ss
^ I ^ 3 ^ § ^ I t^ 5 .S g ^^ r 1 § ^- i
r- § ^- .7 3 ^ . a 5 ^ § 5 S? c I « S 5«
^ 2 a & ^ S » 2 g
^
OJ
§ ^ i ." ^ .5 's :: ^ ?. f^ ^
:^ s cc - 5 :r^ ^ . -
O (D
5 ^ ^. pq ^ . S hi) «- p^ g ^ « fe ^ > 2, J
.^ o iri rn S ^ "S ^ . O ^ .2 -2 . ^ S .
s; 1. w - OX! :2
S § g § 5 5 iS 5 '3 K^ o
Hosted by
Google
384
OREOON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
OS
3^
cq
w
W
d <p
25
§^d
•t:;o
CD ^
c8
P3
dPH
ft ..
OS
cPh
So
m o
<1
1
Originally mustered in with battery as captain; ab-
sent, with leave, Sept. 11 to Oct. 10, '98, inc., per G. 0.
No. 130, A. GO., c. s.
Originally mustered in with battery as 1st lieutenant;
absent, with leave, Sept. 11 to Oct. 10, '98, inc., per G. 0.
No. 130, A. G. O., c. s.; appointed A. A. Q,. M. and
A. 0. S., to date from July 26, '98, per Bat. 0. No. 1,
same date.
Originally mustered in with battery as 2d lieutenant;
absent, with leave, Sept. 11 to Oct. 10, '98, inc., per G. O.
No. 130, A. G. O., c. s.
Mustered in as private; appointed 1st sergeant July 26,
'98, from private per Bat. G. O. No. 1, same date. No
clothing was issued him by the State. Absent on
furlough Sept. 11 to Oct. 10, '98, inc., per G. 0. No. 130,
A. G. O., c. s.
Mustered in as private; appointed quartermaster ser-
geant July 26, '98, from private per Bat. G. O. No. 1,
same date. No clothing was issued him by the State.
Absent on furlough Sept. 11 to Oct. 10, '98, inc., per
G. 0. No. 130, A. G. O., c. s.
Mustered in as private; appointed veterinary sergeant
Aug. 1, '98, from private per Bat. G. 0. No. 3, same
date; sick Aug. 30, Sept. 1-3, '98, inc.; inline of duty.
No clothing was issued him by the State. Absent on
furlough Sept. 11 to Oct. 10, '98, inc., per G. O. No. 130,
A. G.O.,c. s.
Mustered in as private; appointed sergeant July 26, '98.
from private per Bat. G. 0. No. 1, same date. No cloth-
ing was issued him by the State. Absent on fur-
lough Sept. 11 to Oct. 10, '98, inc., per G. 0. No. 130,
A. G. 0., c. s.
!
o
1
i
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland-
Portland -
1
July 26_
July 26-
July 26-
July 26-
July 26-
July 26-
July 26-
O
Merchant
Lawyer —
Mining
engineer.
Miner
Farmer—
-
Surgeon -
Attorney
g
1
^ O' Ph m . ^ ' . t^ ■ ' ' M
{
i
^ q 0 pq M 1-:] P,
Blue-
Lt.Br.
Blue-
Blue-
Blue—
Blue-
Blue—
ll
Fair-
Fair-
Fair-
Fair-
Dark-
Fair—
Fair—
1
^'ip CO , lO '■ lO >0' ^ lO
^ ^ . ^ ?o '.^ ' ^' /, 55
i
William J. Riley——
Captain.
John G. Rutenic
ist Lieutenant.
Alliene Case
2d Lieutenant.
Frank G. Jewett
ist Sergeant.
Daniel H. Rickert —
Quartermaster Sergeant.
Carleton W. Faull —
Veterinary Sergeant.
Jay Bowerman .
Sergeant.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
385
SiP ^Si^
C3 r? 0^ s^
^'^ 00
^^X
a; ^-^ o
jaT3t
M "^ n-i ^^
d
U
OCC3Q
TS
- QO
O ^ ^o<^ 0«^ g,^ oQlli
5 ^ 2
^^ ^ a; j_
) . o
. O OJ c
airJa
a
Ci . ».,^ ,-^ Vi ^ <-t
^ <V ^ O • Z3
; a as ce <y
5^?? .2 -5
* ,^ CO ft Si<«r-I
150^7 a -Z^O
.rt ;^ a--^ -S .J-< ;^ o a> "
=^*ccqi;
^^•^§S6^sp§«^a^-ft.-^3|;§'.
g ^^ 5.2^ ^^ ;• 5| i ario S| I o^5«.sl^^ 5.2I ?^ lafipJ ^a$ia^ o-.i|Si^.
^ ftc g)0 g ftfl g)0 o ^^-o ^^3 p p^^'ci o . . g as g30 o ftfl g:o| ftj^-g g)0^ ftS^-g g3o| ft=^^
J O ^ OQ ^
'C
'd
o
o
CD '-'
.^
s
OS
r*
'S s
Im
^
3
^::i
^
^
^
J
«
w
CK
H .
^
£3
1
1
j
03
1
j
'd
s
0
p^
0
0
1— 1
1^;
s^*
r^
;^
[
1
-;
f^
W
W
ffi
CQ
'
,-
:
pq
pq
Q
P
ft
ft
W
p;
pp
ft
ft
CD
j
03
03
0)
03
oj
0
oi
D
s
3
3
PQ
03
CG
M
pq ■
pq
PP
ft
pq
ii!
^
ti
,1
1
J
.1
!-l
?-!
^
03
c^
03
<S
ci
cS
ft
ft
Ci.
fe
fe
fe
E^
^
fe
:^
:i^
^'
nt
>^
::^
::;^
■^
-_.
10
ca
c»
LO
10
m
.0
lO
»0
LO
u:)
>o
^
S:^
--+1
:<i
Oi
OS
00
CO
I--
(M
C<J
CN
^
CSI
h
1 -
i
^
1
^
1 ^•
^
r^ "S
i
■S
tci
8
0
5J
CO
_bi3
&,
^
03 ?<
SI
0^
0
X2
&*
6
0) !§
0
0
0
ft
W
0
0
<1
^
■ td
ft
b
h4
Eh
ft
*^
CD
CJ
oj
0
d
^
0)
03
0
OS
03
a
c3
C5
,G
0
s
25
Hosted by
Google
386
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
P
M
o
CQ
H
oo^<=> d
o~
'y^O
C3o"
00^ 0 fl
o"
ocTO fl
Q
cyT^ CI
cT
'oo-O d
o^^^c^hri
a
0
QO 0 d 0^
osj^j O"^
'9^'^
Oco
s^f?;
o
cc
c.^030
0^ o^
0^^
0 00 ^'oi 5'
^'"A Oco
^ ^
•- +11
d^-^
^,rfl
6
r-t ^
fl d
r-H _
Jh
6
^ - a 0
6
c
TJ
Q
5
"" ^^ ^ 0
^
3 3S
at
<1
^
3 CS n
'A
ill
^
^
^
^^Sbb-g
0
Q
^s^:a
6
<I^T3
<o
<j'^
d
<i^^
6
d
^a
0 1»
0
<1
0 2<f^
2
■<'^<o
ail
6
O d
ftcc
.0
OP j_^
5a
--H (I)
3
d
ftCB Ce
5h a 0
ftte aj
d
CD
a
c, per G.
nc; in li:
artificer
a me date
§2
^a -'^
«:ci^--£^a
Occ^a^
6
8 CO
02 ^
... o
§-
^
6
o^':n
0
Oof^
6
'^^
GC
G
^
tm
.s
ll
Ti 6
0)
5
So
.a^
CD
X3
3-^ CO
3
0
|d|o|.s
-S
•§d
oO
i^
0 .
^0
0
0
Ti
<1 ft •■ 0
oS-oa^^.
1
1
o
o
S6
3
o
+-3
o
ft . _
ftOg
0
0
ft . _o
g-oa-".
^6B
t?^
b
0
Q c3
O
CD 03
-«l
S "*"-^
QJ o3
O
0 c^i
0
5
cu c5
0
•M
0^ '^ '
• 03 c3 0 '
|«
^M
■^
q
1^1
*^ !m d
0
0
0 , cS 03
s
S
^rp
t'^^
+j
!> j^
j_j
d
-j;^>pq
'd
w
^
<ii
'^ § 2d
;zj
tl
CC'-I
■gs
«
!Zj
ftft.2
;:i
^
ftO)
a
Cfi
^^ «! ao)
0
d-g^ii-
5
ft
. S2 o:-
(X ©
^32
d
^
4^ ■
ft
0)
a
• ^ (P « ft
aa>^^
^ .^tc ^CD
^d.ag^
d
1
|.a>^^d
m
x3
TrriV
bC^
t^'e:
bC^
_"rrt'J^ hc-a
Trr-.'S: !3r^
^'-n 'f?'
5ir^ rrrt-^
n
cc
bi30 S ft
fl g30,q3 ftG &£0 03 ftG
bpo 55 fta
^0 g a fl g)o a; a
T.
CD
o|d,abf)o
-2S55d^S
556|s
fl
50^S5-2e5^S5'SO^a
,a
5o|a
^
rd
s^aS^d
So 0^ .^o
o ^ . ^ o
2
^^•pl
.■^00
i
^
1
'^
Ti
n:j
'd
-d
rd
c
!:3
fl
fl
fl
o
^
d
c3
^
5
s
s
d
1
i
^
!+J
^
+2
■w
;-i
?^
o
O
0
0
0
0
0
0
J
dH
PM
Ph
Ph
f^
Ph
P4
Ph
■CO
CD
CO
"'^
CO
•0
CO
CO
S!
^
S
!W
•M
■M
JM
CM
(M'
C<1
«
1
>i
>>
t>i
i?
>-.
^
>>
^
1
rj
S
w
p
S
3
'3
3
^-:)
h5
'-5
h-5
^
H^
H3
Hrs
■"'"sT^
0
CD
"•;
L
I
0
C3
a
CD
0
CD
03'
1
^ ■
c
>
rH
H
s
fe
pq
t4
0
O'
|-r-
■ 'd
1
>^
1
s
S-*
d
0
© 3
0
^g
^
o
c3
o
M
H'"
0
oa
0
oa
:^*
!^
...^
Sh
"" I^'^' "
^^
1
1
w
pq
M
fa
i
M
;
ri4
sJ
p
fi
A
^
pq
P
m
m
1
J
1
1
0)
^ ]"
CD
d
1
? ■§
U
s;
il
;^
d
-^•
C
d
si
t
--
m
-^
pq
&-1
W
P3
w
s
-^
1
J
<3 ^
d
"ci
cfl
a
^
C3
c3
(^
^
fq
fe
fe
fo
^
P
fe
fe
7^
"~N^
h\
e:^
■"■^■"
'"■::^
1
►^F-
CD
^
OS
0
I-
10
00
^•uo
lO
lO
to
to
10
LO
to
CO
o
=<J
.0
-^
CO
_,
1--
T
^J
CO
-Xi
Oi
^
CO
CO
■"
C<l
,--:
L-
^T^
j
d .•
1 e
x! e
2 0
1-°
1 ?^
^1
0 ^
0
a
B ^
s
OJ
"^
s
^
T^
s
d
^
o
<
0
e4
03
'0
>
0
OD
r^
"a
d
d
.^
a?
0
H
•^
h4
6
0
5
0
0
W
d-
;>;
'h3
&q
P^'
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
387
.•s St?
1 .6
^2 .0
i'la
•-I i^ O ,
* d
c?S
r! 1^ O
O O rt
^ a '<3 mx; o
t:<
ft
SO £3 o fl o ^.
<^!?^ Oih^ <Dt7; >i
.6 .d .6^
-i^ ft © u .„ ^
>^^ at'
S ft
cj o cl
o7 ft^ci,^ ftftft--^ ,■; r^ ?2o -+^ sc^ ./ go flo
".'^ cs o d!a4.
-^"q^-^O .■
,^ ^ a; ■'-' iJD . ^
^^ ft ■ ," s -5 rj ^
^^ .2<-< O ft
ftftS^ rS AP..;^
^« d^^ 2^" '^
©acj bcdo ac ^d'S a,^-^^-3'^ ^^ g^d'S-T'S ^iiz^l^TM ce^^^-J-^^O J^^^ig'^cd-g^cdra bbd
fto^
. ce CD '^Q.
5 4-s Cj rr r/
^, Obi).
.^
d|S
.52=^
'-' ,^ 00 "^ o . "^ ri
^
3 C« >
aiz
^CC d ^CC :
d.^^ r.5^ r.;:^^
po
i o o
|Si3a^:gSla<5|^^2oo|^^a'^'|<l5 ^^l^l'S.S^ dj|a<i|^^dga^'g5<<'j^a<i
'd
3
o
-d
o3
o
o
^
-d
-d
"C
'd
S
c^
c
c«
c«
03
d
03
+3
u
^1
j:-.
0
0
0
0
0
Oh
Ph
Ph
^
Ph
CD
0
za
<X>
0
!M
CM
CM
C^
cq
>,
>i
>.
l>i
>5
Ti
S
d
>~i
^
Hd
1-3
h)
4-3
,id
1 ^
5£ <^
© a
ft
1
0
1
^1
rt
]
I
03
5
0
M
C
6
1-3
a
03
a
c3
fa
03
'd
d
1
> ^
^
1
]
1
c3
0
M
1
o3
fl
03
Ph
<1
o3
0
0
^
0
a.
'^'
j
s.:
i^
fn*
jj
1
,^*
j
;h'
P3
rb^'
p:i
M
pq
p:i
m
M
pq
,ii5
pq
h:i
pq
h^
P^
^
P
w
pq
q
pq
Q
0
1
0)
ai
CD
03
CD
1
i
<D
0
d
d
d
d
pq
PP
pp
W
PQ
W
PP
W
pq
pq
pq
^
-g
i
1
1
.^
1
]
1
Qi
sS
c3
^
c^
03
c3
i?
c3
03
c3
fa
&H
fo
P
fe
fo
^
Q
fa
fa
U-i
:^^
\^
" ^'^^~"'
:^
:^
;:5^
^^
^
Oi
LO
1.0
LO
0
10
1.0
>.o
to
LO
LO
10
Tt<
C<!
0
OD
CO
r-
-H
CM
00
CO
00
CO
CM
-J'
0 .
j
1
j
1
1
]
CI s
a K;
o3
0
H-3
i C
CD ^
ii
0
u
03 "^
P^
P5
1
5
<t1
d
>
5
pq
03
pq
0«
0
H
^
a
'd
f?
^*
t-5
&
a
X3
s
3
c3
03
5
1
0
c3
CD
0)
;3
H
H
fe
^
■ fxl
<1
pq
pq
PQ
w
Hosted by
Google
,388
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
flo"
P^d^
ricT
dcT
do'
dr.-
Oco
Coo
oco
og
4J .
rt 0
S ^
fl o
?. o*
So
a o
^^
coJ^
^^'
^^
^^
.^^
rj •
X5 .
^o
,o .
rQ •
■^o
<lo
^o
<io
<o
rh
.r^
C?
r^"^
,•*
J")
^'M
1-
^v.
i^'M
9, u
^.a
s^
nt
$t
m. r
;» .
(f) -
m ^
m ^
III ^
(D O
o <^
o o
Qi O
<D O
sa
ia
5.2
5.S
S-5
^^
!>5o6^
>iar
>,O0
>iCC
>f^
^Oi
^i:>^
^y^
h^^
§2
3+i
SO Ci o
go
3 O
cso
So'
^»^^i^g^^l§c«!?|*c
bfiOQ ^ WJl <y* tma? o ^^ o g'QC o ^^'d ^ §
.«
CO, ?^a^ e. ©coin's? Oco oco
fl 73 O s : ^ !3 J t: CD •-' o d J 03 <i> d oj ®
^^ r^S^o^^oa .oga;o.Sajc5
^ d-^ d --^ CI •t3"H,00>^ d -^"Hc»t3.rH
go iKgo-<oO'^Oaoi:'3<ioao-7So-
do' bc^d^^SoQ^^o rjcc^do^do
03-+^ %4^D b-."^ . l>i"~' CS -^ . ^^^ t>,"~' C^ -»^ .^^-^
afl^rdO_..32t
:a^-
.r^^ -.Sd -rH^ :."si r-*,cl .-.
^ hcOi-d bCQ-g sioO-S ^o5 ^O-^
5 3 'hid (^"^ QO^'^ "". S''^ ""^ -d bJDO S"^ ^. -d bed -d fafid
.• o 2 ,• d^^- y.tjcc n. oj o S ,-02 ?^ o o S_j o S_^-
od<iod^od^od^od^
o d J o-M I oj q o cK q o d^* o ^0,0 d J o,d<J
lT V< ^ — 1 OQ CO -rt +J "-H -i-H +^ hr ^ ^ •-'•'-< +^ h*- 'M ^ h*- **-< ^
?H 32 CC f^ . CC !^ ^
P
M
o
o
pq
p^
■d
c3
rd
O
-d
o
o
(Ik
^ P4
d
Ho
2 C3
■OJtsl
: dZ^ ^ f^
3 ^' . ^ 5
O M
M
2
cq
i
0
Q
0)
CD
1
ai
a]
d
0
0
(D
?
d
d
d
d
d
d
d'
^
cq
«
oq
t-1
cq
P^
oq
pq
w
cq
rl
;^
!:-i
i^
f-I
t-l
J
f-i
-!= H
Cj
o3
03
<^
C^
c5.
si
Oj,
CS
d
cS
oi
^
fe
Q
fe
fa
fe
fa,
fa
t..
W
fa
fa
4^
^^
::^
::it
;^
;;^
:Ht
^
;^
H^
nt
:^
r«
QO
10
,0
00
0
r^
00
Ci
00
.
,
10
10
lO
LO
-d-
G*
-^ ' '^ ^
a
fa.
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
S89
ll
ow
o8
Oco
c^
§§
oco
1^^
o^
Oco
o§
§8
oco
s^
«^'
hc^
^o
flo
S o
Co
Cn
F;o
fln
fl 6
fl 6
C3 d
rt 6
O d o
o o55
a 6
^"^
^fe^
.S^n
^^
^;2;
^^
^^
'^^
^;^
^^
^^
r"^?^
P.?^
^^
43 ^
,o .
^ .
.o .
^ .
^ .
-o .
^ .
^ .
^
<o
<o
c?S3
<1o
<io
<!0
<1o
<1o
<o
<o
^O
<5o
<1o
<1o
<6
c5^
1?
1-
• 0
1^
IS-
1-
• 0
1^
1-
• CD
S^d
0)0
5.S
II
^5|
a
IS
II
IS
-11
<X) d
5.S
|§
q; d
5S
Qd
5.S
l§
^^•^
^'4
^^°:°^p
s^
^^
.-P
^g
^g-
M
^^^
^^^
Booo
^^^
?io
So
OJ 0
og^-
So
So
So
So
s;-
Br.-
s^-
a..-
fir.-
S-"
00 -^^
^^•
X] .
-^^
^t^ QJ
■^«
'^+i
A^.
ii".
^:-
2"^.
^r-
S"!
22
;a^.
;-"°:
rr^ ^
rd O
fl^f^
^^O
^ o
rd O
n^O
^3 O
'd o
^d '^
fd cp
-d o
is
-d «^
|3
is
Cl>0
is
S3
<x)0
go
02-+^
Q)0
is
02+-'
Is
bjb§o
m3
^"^li
<j q
CO*"*
OJ'-H
- oq'"'
CO'-'
jc--*
cc-^
!»'-'
05'-^
cc '—^
w — '
02 '— '
rn f— 1
«^T3
^-oJ+i 03^ ^^- ^^- d^- c«^- ce^ c^^-
S fepOJ d ^CC d ^32 d ^CC d ^3^ d ^32 d ^32 d ^OQ
C3'^
i^32
J ^CC d ^02
i S-^ Uo ^GC d
•sf^
r.M^
r^Jjd-S
^••5X3 "^ . „ r.
r.S^
.-P5^
r-S^
r.P3^
r."d
r.P3^
r."^
r.;:5id
r.Sn
r.Pixd
-C ,„ 0)
o^ ^O^ hx)05 ^'^^ ^^6 ^^5 ^^5 ^0:g ^Og '^iyO'O fc>co^ £>JCO ^cs^-^c
-g O-S^ O-S^. «^^ Ol^^ OT:^. O-S^ O'Tj^l^'^^'S'^^'ST^^'S'i:^^ fan^>
^150
'O 'd
-d -d
^^c<ioa<jo.3^oa^o2^o5^ca^os^os<|.so^-=a^-
Ti
nd
r^-
'd
-d
rd
-d
rd
-d
^
'd
ts
C!
f3
fl
rt
fl
fl
fl
fl
fl
a
C
d
d
d
CS
cS
cS
o3
03
03
CS
d
03
cS
c3
c3
o3
c3
^
+3
+3
4J
+:3
:i3
■4>>
+2
+3
3
!;3
;h
^
tH
u
!L^
^
p
p
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
O
o
o
o
o
o
^H
Ph
PM
Ps
Ph
PU
^
PLh
Ph
Ah
Ph
Dh
Oh
Ph
P^
p.
S
ss
5S
ss
2g
CO
CO
CO
CO
ir
1
1
c^
C<l
=N|
(M
(M
<M
?q
CM
cq
c^
cq
^
^
!>;
>i
>.
>,
>.
>i
>i
>i
>»
>i
>i
ki
>.
>.
>^
>i
=5
3
p
S
P
P
n
P
S
d
d
d
d
H,
H?
^
Hj
^
HS
^
^
t-5
•-3
^
^-^
^
H-5
»-:
1-,
1
;-<
5h
d
02
!m
Ph
fl
0)
•L<
o3
]
i
d
a
d
O
9
0
1 ce
fl
Q
O
0
a
d
o3
O
o
o
O
cs
O
^-5
1
5
3
a
3
o o
o
O
03
5
o
M
I— 1
c3
O
1— 1
o
O
c3
PS
5
.i4
<1
c3
O
1— 1
o
03
M
'6
1— t
O
M
^^
!h
^
^^
]
Ph
]
]
]
Jh'
u
^
^
1
•
w
m
pq
pq
-isi
pq
'
'
rbj
pq
■ ^
pq
pq
pq
1
pq
^^
^
fi
P
S
q
pq
pq
3
ft
3
3
ft
p
i
i
O)
1
aj
CD
1
o
ai
<ii
o
n\
1:3
::i
S-i
p
u
c
P
s
,•
P
d
d
P
cq
pq
pq
s
pq
w
pq
pq
pq
pq
pq
pq
pq
pq
pq
pq
o3
c3
•^ W
c3
c3
pq
o3
c3
pq
:^
;^
H
c3
d
k^
(D
C3
d
CD
"a
&
fe
02*^
£
ffi
!»"
t>D
-d
s-T
X3
o
d
d
g
'S
,d
02
50
1
W
W
H
Ph
tq
fc
-d
d' ^ 5
O O
s
c3
a
-d
o3
P
CO
^
^
^
^
S
^
d
hi
1
H_*
r/j
rd
o
Q
t
a
£
0
o3
0)
'd
g
>>
fe
03
o
W
w
Hosted by
Google
390
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
m
P
M
o
O
d O . d O +^ Jz ^* 'v„ o H o
oodo r do" rto^
-I'-'J r Tzi^akr. .,'-1 ^^ _.
o-d d
d d
<o
'6
■¥^ ^
=^ S
© d
^d
ao^ So all's .rhSo ^'iig'^^lao so
.(+5 .(f
<x> d
C3 CD
'^ d
So"^?^ o
"J -^ CO
rdos
a 6
XJlA
+3 ?-^
'5^
^d°
o o^
«*H ft
<^^ d
05 >jrH
^w^o!^-i
=^ o
<t^d«^gcr"^
■§a«=^5-^^d^^g^=^«
i-S-^^^O^OrK-Oo^,
7^ F-H W" 71 i»i '>-' Wr^ '^ ^
rd bco
•"IrdO
I cc+f .
■2.2,2^
02
do^
c6 g,d
<v 6 6
,d d d
+J.|H-l-(
o
o
o
o
o
9
d
H-3
d
d Co
""'f-l ,o
o o
h1^
si d w
OS ^
p
pq
ft
d
pq pq
o5
m
pq
pq
pq
u
u
Sh
-is!
g3
cS
c3
c3
P^
fe
fe
P
;^
P
h;
!K
<
0)
o
td
O)
d
^
d
d
^
[X,
g
o
CO
—I , CO
X3 ^
o p
d
pq
3
pq
pq
pq
u
u
1
crt
c«
c3
fe
fe .
fe
^05
l>-
Cl
00
l>
p
p
y.'
Ot)
00
^^
tO
u:)
>o
LO
»o
kO
UD
CO
zo
lO
lO
M W
o
P
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
391
O So"
'-0
^o-
.^^''
^^^
§1-
O 00
«0 CJO SO'^GO GO
.6
^o
<P , G o ,
;GG
X3 G .^G
+3 -l-l C» -i-i -r-^
CO ^
Go Go
O-K) oco
go
d
.^J^
G O
G o bl G o" Go*"
O ^o 4S Q CO o (^
Geo
G J3 .+J 5-1
r go
-• o2B
A G
.0
5 ft
G O'O rj 6 ,
So <o <^-%6^^o^^6
. O -^ c!:;' o . rK o
±? a • ri^ ft^ 4-. p^;=: -M a
• fi o kT a o
.6
^8
SS
\>>n:
'^ ^* "". 5 ^- "t S +^ 'I ^ ^•
"P^GO^GO^GO
-^^q OrK^-G OrK^ Orh;::; OrK^::; Oq^ OrK;::^ OrK^ ^Ch^'G' -^ ^C^^ OrK^ OrK^ Orh^ OrK^OrhO Orh
-^
'O
'd
'<3
-^
^
^
TS
TI^
7:3
t:^
'd
nii
xi
'^
-d
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
c5
d
c3
c6
c«
d
c3
03
03
as
c3
cS
d
cS
o3
c3
u
^1
^^
^,
;-!
?-(
?-i
5h
f-i
?H
Jh
^
O
o
O
O
O
O
o
O
O
O
o
0
0
0
0
0
Ph
PM
P^
Ph
Ph
Ph
Ph
Oh
(In
Ph
plH
Ph
(In
Ph
P
£
t»
«=
CO
<X)
CD
SS
CO
CO
(Xi
CD
CO
CO
CD
C£>
CD
(M
c<i
=<i
c^
CM
cq
^
c^
<M
CM
0^
C-l
C^
C^
^
CSl
>>
>i
>.
>>
>,
t>>
>^
;>.
>i
H>i
>i
>,
>>
0.
>i
>5
G
s
3
G
G
G
S
G
G
G
3
G
j3
S
Hj
1-5
hs
H^
Hj
Hs
^
^
hD
H3
i-5
^
^
^
►-5
K3
j
1
(^
1
m
1
O)
1
1
1
j
1
j
1
Q
3 be
1— t
CD
u
+3
^
G
CD
G
G
O
CD
9
0
o5
G
3
G
(X2
u
CD
6
G
3
0)
6
.G
CP
G
o
G
CD
G
0
5
2
s
'6
G
1— 1
o
G
5
1 -d
bCG
G d
xn
53
O
M
0
0
G
03
0
t— 1
3
II
tH
Sh
1
Sh'
]
^;
I
j
5^
j
1
1
t;
s^
sL;
;^
w
W
1
p:!
1
pq
1
1
d:)
1
M
1
pq
pq
pq
pq
f-i
S-,
+j
?H
^
l-(
+i
+i
«
fi
m
P
P^
A
P^
PP
h-l
p:^
pq
pq
t-l
P
P
P
1
d
6
aJ
d
CD
CD
CD
]
]
1
CD
(D
(D
CD
G
G
O
S
G
G
3
G
w
m
w
CQ
aq
P:^
CQ
CQ
W
pq
m
W
pq
m
pq
pq
^
d
^
03
d
rG
o
fe
^::i^^'
fe fe
b3
03
^
g
&H
■^ ■
00
OS
0
■I"'"
Ut)
i-O
>.o
LO
S5
s
SI
c^
•p
Ph P5 P5
Hosted by
Google
S92
ORlJGON VOLUKTElillS IN SPANISH WAR.
Q
o
Q
EH.
&t)^ o5 do"
'»4i do
§g §g
® +j 5« +i d o^
W)20 6^^ 6 c 6
do^
d o" ' d cT
do^
fl bfl ,,. O ^
Oo5
Oco oSo
oco
bc^ o c: d
rH' rH
d 6 ' d d
d d
do do
1— (
^d
2^ rgl^;
^^^^^
.S^ r^^ r^^
^^
%% ^y-<
^^
3 ^"^-^X
^ . d ,o .
-Q-:
P . ^ .
X5 ■ •
.6
•d
^^03 ii^
^u
3^ ^u
-2^*
0) d.S m d
m .
k! +^ -r (D O
a;,c5
03 0 (DO
0) d , '
ti^l-a
-dg.^^d
^d
-dd ,d d
P a
+^ "-* 00 +3 -rH
+.3"'H
+-» .rt HJ .r-l
S;-^
S^o,^?.
!l°ll^-"^"
^^^
^P^
1
i
.§2282
s c6° das
^^fea5§33j
^cDd _©dgg-^
as
3^-
ao^ as
go
%h
IS %8
%B
-■^^l!
do
|o go
xTja ■--< .S -1
. -X3"-'00fd-rH.iSrH
^a©'^'^
o^^^-o.-^
CO '"' 'Sc cc ""^
^5:^^'p-^^-»'^
tc'"'
50'-' on'^
K^
.^■3::^03hJ ^>,05C^+i «+i_C8+a' ^^>.OS ^>,C6d4i cs^ d*J ce+3 03^
|^^^a^|..= oa^os^-oa.
^|.^;^|.S::od^oa^od^oa.
^ 'd 'd, -d ' -d ^3
'^:!1
'd 'd
-d 'd
,rj ' rc!
T3
1
n ' a
d , fl
d a
d d -d
d
d d
d.
.S
K
a : <^
^ oi
fiS c«
03 d OS
03
c3. etf
^
<o
1— ( .— I
r-H , 1— 1 <--^
j-H ^2
+3 +3
+3 +3
+j +^
+j *a 4-
+3
£
U Ph
u u
U fH
5h ^H ^
t-l ;-! ,
^
o o
o o
o. o
o o p
O
o o
o
o
1
Cm Cm
Ph ", Pm
PIh Ph ;
Ph ,P-i Oh
Ph
ptH^ Ph '
Ph,
CO , o
CD CD
x! x!
:o ,jo , CO
X5'
CO CO
«
c^ cq
C^ (M
cq C9
Cs| C^ C<J
C^l
(M CM
!^J
■1
>> i?
>. >»
^ ^
>? >? ^^
^
■^ ' -^
^
1
b.
'3 9
3 !■ S'
d ' ■ d
d d d '
d
d - d
d
H-3 h3
^-3 H,
h:5 ^
Hj H-3 H;
hs
H; hS
h-3 , ■
1 1
>i 1
1 1
j 1 O
u
1 .d ,
1
1
1
1 1
43 1
1 J
5 9
<V CD
d d
•r-l T-l
J 1 §
•s 1 1
^ ^ ^
CD
4i
1 s
^53 O
O
1 ,;
II
.S , 6,
I d
M o
M 1— 1
05 c3 , d*
^ ^ S
O , ' 0 ^
1— 1 M ri
CO
O
S^* !
' jj
;-4 1
! !h' ;h'
3
1 Sh'
Sh
>
m 1 '
^' S '
pq i
•, 1 pq pq
: ^
pq
1
^*
Ih'
t: . ^
u
u ' •
fi , pq ,
3 ' ^
fi . pq
pq P ■ ^-?
p
pq P
P
0) 1
1 0)
1 O)
1 <D 6
d
<X> CD
CD
^ u
'^ d
3 d ,
d
d a
d
^
1
S w
m m
M , pq-
w w 3
3
3 '3
W
s i
C u
-^ sj
fH 5-t
S- • ^ . Sh
u
J J
fj
1;
S
6 1
"S 'S
i? 'S
'^ ■ d '
'ci *S 'S
d
"S . 'S'
c3
^
fe fe
P fc
pR fx<
pR fe' fR
fe
fe , fe
'fe
,
'"■:^'"" ^""
g: 1
^
:^
:i^
1
►5qO OS
OS QO
00
C3i ip
C5
^.o ■ to
lO to.
lO , , Xi
lO ■ lO to
lO
lO to
lO
jq lO
OS Ttl
rH ' LO
C-1 " iX), l-O
o
^' ,: ^
CJD .■
t
(M: oq
^ cq
ro ,co
OS CN CM
CO
1— (
0 ':^'
! I
i P^' ' !
1
1 1
j
2 ^
1 d
i -d 'I
p
j '
H^
3 «i
o ^
CD
H ^ rh
CO ■ W
CI O 1^
^
1 ,fe
CO' . e' '
H
1
O CD
s; i 1
1 SS ' rS '
3
a
d be
■2
03
C3 (D
B B
d ' ft ^
d
Sh
d , §.■
S
>'
OQ ' ■ QQ
GO ; 02
m : m
m 'm H
H
P^ '
Hosted by
Google
^«go<
MAP OF CENTBAL LUZON.
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAK.
893
CO fl O
.0
j3 a
V.8
.o
O) o
.0
SO SO
TO -^ 55 +J
O dt3.S
•-^ ^-00 ^ O
.-H ^ r.- < jd r.r-i ,13 r hr p -M -rH ,0 r
fin P^
o
^
^
S
^
be
13
s
^
S
s
H
w
xi
1
-d
^
0
q^
o3
c«
0
s
S
^
fe'^
P
;J
jl;
1
i-i
]
m
W
m
i4*
ft
fi
w
ft
m
0?
0
J
0
1
s
s
3
^*
pq
pq
m
pq
pq
f-i
^
u
i
^
ctS
03
c3
03
^
N
fe
to
fo
ft
:^
X-
::^
::j^
;:^
lO
b-
Oi
^
10
ut)
LO
10
10
Thi
1— (
CO
q5
00
c^
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
REPORTS
OF
GENEEAL OFFICERS
UJSDEH WHOM THE SECOND OREGON INFANTRY SERVED,
WITH
APPENBEB REPORTS
OF
OREGON VOLUNTEER OFFICERS.
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by Google
REPORT
MA J. GEN. E. S. OTIS, U. S. V,
COMMANDING DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC AND EIGHTH ARMY CORPS,
MILITARY GOVERNOR IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
Headquarters Department of the Pacific and
Eighth Army Corps, and Office United States
Military Governor in Philippine Islands,
Manila, P. 7., August 31, 1899.
The Adjutant General, United States Army,
Washington, D. C.
Sir: I have received instructions from the Major General commanding the Arnay to
submit an annual report of the military operations of the troops of this command, also
from the War Department to furnish a report of the affairs of this military government.
The matters connected with each of these subjects are so closely related as to make the
rendition of separate and independent reports very difficult without producing in each
much which the other must contain. I have, therefore, concluded to embrace in a
single narration with comment, as necessary explanation may appear to me to demand,
the conditions which have presented themselves, both military, civil, or political, and
the means which have been adopted to meet them. In doing this only the general fea-
tures of the more important events can be touched upon, as an attempt to detail causes,
effects, and the action which has been applied by the military authorities would involve
a very extended recounting of facts and a lenghty discussion of theories.
The time which I am directed to cover in these reports may properly be divided into
two periods — the first extending from June 30, 1898, to February 4, 1899, the date upon
which the then rebellious subjects of Spain attacked at Manila, w^ithout cause, the
forces of the United States, which under the protocol of August 12, 1898, and likewise the
articles of capitulation of the following day, were lawfully in possession of the city, bay,
and harbor of Manila. The second period extends from February 4, 1899 (when these
open and declared hostilities were inaugurated), to the present date. The events of a
portion of the first period, in so far as the concentration of troops at San Francisco and
the transportation of those sent out to the Philippines, to and including July 15, 1898, are
concerned, together with all action of troops preliminary to, and attendent upon, the
capture of Manila on August 13, 1898, and thereafter to the end of that month, have been
ably rei^orted by my predecessor, Major General Merritt. But a brief reference to the
preparations made by the Government, as solely affecting the army, in its efforts to
meet existing or anticipated conditions in the Philippines resulting from, or likely to
arise in, the war with Spain, is pertinent here in order to present intelligently the serv-
ices of troops in these islands.
The Philippine problem, so unexpectedly and suddenly thrown upon the Govern-
ment for solution by the destruction of the Spanish fleet in the harbor of Manila on May
1, 1898, when the concentration of all its troops and military stores was being hastily
Hosted by
Google
398 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
made on the southern Atlantic coast, received tlae prompt attention whiph its impor-
tance demanded. At once the enlistment of volunteers in the Pacific Slope and adja-
cent States was accelerated and their places of assembling changed to San Francisco.
Under War Department instructions to proceed to that point for duty, I arrived there
on May 17th, where already Major General Merriam, commanding the Department of
California, had placed in camp an infantry regiment and a heavy artillery detachment
of California volunteers, an infantry battalion of Oregon troops, and five companies
of the Fourteenth tJ. S. Infantry. Within the next ten days the Nebraska, Colorado,
Minnesota, Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, North Dakota, and Montana volunteers arrived,
also the two remaining battalions of the Oregon regiment and a volunteer regiment
from Pennsylvania. On May 29th the Eighteenth and Twenty-third U. S. Infantry
and a company of the United States Engineers reported, and during the month of
June the volunteer organizations of South Dakota, Iowa, Tennessee, the Astor Bat-
tery, of New York, four foot batteries of the Third, and two light batteries of the Sixth
U. S. Artillery, and six troops of the Fourth Cavalry were placed in camp, also two
volunteer signal companies and large Hospital Corps detachments. On May 30th
General Merritt arrived from New York and relieved me from command of all these
so-called expeditionary forces, remaining there until the 29th of the following month,
when he departed for the Philippines.
The proper equipment of these troops was attended with great diflficulty. Suddenly
called to meet an expected emergency in a far distant portion of the world, no prepara-
tions had been made to receive them. The supply departments, not anticipating any
concentration of forces on the Pacific coast, had made no provision for furnishing arms,
ammunition, clothing, subsistence, or other war material with which an army about to
operate seven thousand miles from its base mUst necessarily be supplied. Indeed, at
the time these troops arrived at San Francisco, such property, usually kept in moderate
quantities on the Pacific coast, had been sent to the East for the army destined to invade
Cuba and Porto Rico. The volunteer organizations were supposed to report equipped
and uniformed, but a large majority of the arms they presented were worthless, and in
some instances entire organizations had to be rearmed. Their clothing had evidently
been in use for a long time in State service, was worn out, and many of the naen were
dressed as civilians. In spite of all of these embarrassments, the celerity with which
these troops were equipped and made ready for the field, and with which great quan-
tities of necessary supplies and war materials were placed in San Francisco and loaded
on transports, furnishes very satisfactory evidence of the efliciency of the staff depart-
ments of the Army. Fortunately, San Francisco is a great market, and much that was
needed could be obtained there through contract and purchase. The facilities thus
offfered were taken advantage of, and assisted very materially in the work of prepara-
tion. The shipping on the Pacific coast was found to be very limited, and vessels in
anywise suited (even after they were overhauled and repaired ) to transport troops to
the tropics were few, and most of them were at the time absent, engaged in foreign or
domestic trade. This want was the principal cause of delay in dispatching troops, but
the persistent efforts of the War Department, assisted by the army supply officers in
San Francisco, accomplished the desired results very quickly, considering the embarrass-
ments with which it had to contend. The time required for these preparations, how-
ever, was most advantageously employed. General officers, as soon as they reported for
duty, were placed in charge of brigade organizations and labored assiduously in giving
proper instructions to their commands, so that when these troops sailed for the Philip-
pines they could be considered moderately efficient for service.
Upon reporting at San Francisco, on May 17th, I learned that General Merriam had
received orders to ship to Manila Bay the California regiment and a battalion of the
Fourteenth U. S. Infantry by a transport that was then being loaded in the harbor with
naval stores for Adniiral Dewey's squadron. Thereafter being instructed to obtain suffi-
cient transportation to forward also the Oregon regiment, two small transports wore
secured, and on May 25th the three vessels sailed in company, carrying the troops above
mentioned, under the command of Brig. Gen. T. M. Anderson, U. S, V.,and entered the
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 399
harbor of Maniki on the oOth day of June. Pursuant to the instructions of General
Merritt, four companies of the Eighteenth and four of the Twenty-third U. S. Infantry,
a detachment of engineers, the Colorado, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, and Utah Volun-
teers, and a detachment of the Hospital Corps — all under the command of Brig. Gen.
F. V. Greene, U. S. V.,— sailed for Manila on June 15th. On June 27th, under instruc-
tions from the same source, four companies of the Eighteenth and four of the Twenty-
third U. S. Infantry, detachments of Engineer and Signal Corps, the Idaho, Minnesota,
North Dakota, and Wyoming Volunteers, departed on five transports, and on June 29th
General Merritt, in person, accompanied by his staff, sailed on steamer Newport for the
same destination, having on board two foot batteries of the Third U. S. Artillery, and
the Astor Light Battery. The troops of Avhich these three expeditionary forces were
composed numbered 470 officers and 10,437 enlisted men. Subsequently, and between the
15th and 25th days of July, the fourth expedition left San Francisco, transported by five
vessels, and made up of two batteries of the Third U. S. Artillery, five companies of the
Fourteenth U. S. Infantry, six troops of the Fourth U. S. Cavalry, the Montana and
South Dakota Volunteers, with Signal and Hospital Corps detachments, numbering in
all 172 officers and 4,610 enlisted men. Before this last expedition reached Manila that
city had capitulated, and the United States troops were in possession. No additional
troops were dispatched from the United States until the latter part of October. Then,
and in the following month, were sent the Washington, Kansas, Tennessee, and Iowa
regiments of volunteers, the Nevada troop of cavalry, the Wyoming Light Artillery,
and two foot batteries of California troops, numbering, collectively, 186 officers and 4,466
enlisted men. There were no further arrivals during the first of the two periods which
it is intended that this report shall cover, and subsequent troop additions will not be
mentioned until later.
With the officers of my staff I accompanied the fourth expedition and arrived in the
harbor of Manila on August 2lst, where we first learned of the operations of the 10,000
men who had preceded or accompanied Major General Merritt, and which had resulted
in the surrender of Manila and its occupation by the United States forces on the 13th of
that month. Reporting to General Merritt, I was placed in command of the Eighth
Ai'my Corps by General Orders, No. 10, Headquarters Department of the Pacific and
Eighth Army Corps, of August 23, 1898, which were issued under War Department
General Orders, No. 73, of that year. Upon August 29, 1898, in accordance with General
Orders, No. 3, Headquarters Department of the Pacific, of that date, I relieved Major
General Merritt of the command of the Department of the Pacific and as Military Gov-
ernor of the Philippine Islands. At this time the military situation was as follows :
Under the articles of capitulation. United States occupation was confined to the
harbor, city, and bay of Manila. Admiral Dewey, with his fleet, held the bay, also the
naval establishment at Cavite, which had been captured in May. The insurgent forces,
commanded by General Aguinaldo, entered the city with our troops on August 13th,
and actively held joint occupation with them over a considerable part of the southern
portion of the same, declining to vacate on the plea, j^r5i(, that they had served as allies
with our troops, during the operations which had preceded the taking of the city, and
therefore had the right to participate in the victory; and, secondly, that they wished to
maintain all advantageous positions secured in order to resist successfully the troops of
Spain, should that government be permitted to resume its former power in the islands.
Brigadier Generals Anderson and MacArthur were exercising immediate command of
the troops-— the former at Cavite and vicinity, where a small contingent was stationed,
and the latter at Manila, where the great majority had been judiciously placed in
barracks and other available buildings. General MacArthur, also, as provost marshal
general, had charge of the police of that city and supervision of about 13,000 prisoners-—
Spanish and native — who had been surrendered by the Spanish authorities. These
had been collected in the walled portion of the city and occupied, for the most part, its
churches and convents. Outwardly peace reigned, but the insurgents, disappointed
because not permitted to enjoy the spoils of war, in accordance with medieval customs,
and to exercise with the United States authorities joint control of municipal affairs,
Hosted by
Google
400 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
were not friendly disposed and endeavored to obtain their asserted rights and privileges
through controversy and negotiations and a stubborn holding of the positions taken
by their troops. This manifestation caused General Merritt to cable the authorities at
Washington, on August 14th, as follows :
Since occupation of town and suburbs the insurgents on outside are pressing demand
for joint occupation of the city. Inform me at once how far I shall proceed in enforcing
obedience of insurgents in this matter and others that may arise, etc.
To which he received reply — dated August 18th — that there must be no joint occupa-
tion of the city, bay, and harbor with the insurgents; that they and all others must .
recognize the military occupation and authority of the United States and the cessation
of hostilities proclaimed by the President. Some correspondence between General Mer-
ritt and Aguinaldo preceded and followed this dispatch, and I believe also two or three
discussions of the subject between the representatives of Aguinaldo and General Mer-
ritt's subordinate officers, all of which have been reported. Upon leaving the island,
General Merritt's chief of staff turned over to me a communication from General Agui-
naldo, and in letter transmitting it said :
Enclosed you will find a letter from General Aguinaldo and a blue print of Manila.
The letter was brought by his aid two days ago, and was informed that a reply would
be sent within four days. The matter should have immediate attention, as General
Merritt has not been able to take it up, owing to his hurried departure. The letters
referred to by Aguinaldo, by General Merritt, will be found in the press copy-book at
the Department Headquarters and here. ^ .,_ • .
The demand now made by Aguinaldo is to retain his people just outside of the inte-
rior black pencil mark On the map. The outsidfe pencil marks indicate the position
that General Merritt desired to have the insurgents withdraw to. I inferred from what
the aid said that what Aguinaldo particularly desires is that in case his requests are
not granted that reasons are to be given which he can use to satisfy his people. The
trouble with him seems to be that he does not think it prudent to give positive orders
for his people to withdraw from the city.
The communication turned over read as follows :
Revolutionary Government of the PmiiippiNES,
Fresidencia Bakoor, August 'Z7, 1898.
Gen. Wesley Merritt, Mamto.
My Dear Sir : Knowing the contents of your letter of the 24th instant, I can not do
less than manifest my surprise at knowing that you had formed the idea that my com-
missioners compromised themselves, in the conference of the 15th, to retire my troops
outside of the line that you would designate.
I understood, and still understand, as well as the commissioners, that the evacuation
by my troops of tlie posts that they occupy to-day on the outskirts Of the city, would
take i3lace when the proposed conditions were accepted by you, among which figured
the condition that the agreement (treaty) should be in writing to be vahd ; for which
reason, not having yet accepted some of the propositions made at that time, nor those
that were substituted in my previous communication, I do not think that up to the
present time I have contracted said obligation. „ '' . .^
If I have permitted the use of the waters before the promulgation of the treaty it was
more to demonstrate that I am disposed to sacrifice to friendship everything that does
not prejudice too much the rights of the Philippines. I comprehend, as well as your-
self the inconvenience of a dual occupation of the city of Manila and its suburbs, given
in the conditions stipulated in the capitulation with the Spaniards; but you ought to
understand that without the long siege sustained by my forces you might have obtained
possession of the ruins of the city; but never the rendition of the Spanish forces, who
could have retired to the interior towns.
I do not complain of the disowning of our help m the mentioned capitulation,
although justice resents it greatly and I have to bear the well-founded blame of my peo-
ple I do not insist on the retention of all the positions conquered by my forces within
the city limits, at the cost of much blood, of indescribable fatigues, and much money.
I promise to retire, then, to the following line: .,',.. .
In Malate, the continuation of the calzada of Singalon to the bridge that joins said
road • from this bridge in straight line to that of Paco; from this last bridge, following
the creek Paco, and leaving outside the suburb Tandue, to the river Pasig ; following this
river and entering by the creek that goes to the bridge of Aviles ; from this bridge, fol-
lowing the road (calzada) of the same name and that of Santa Mesa, that are the divid-
ing lines between Sampaloc and the village of Pandacan, to the jurisdictional limit of
the suburbs of Sampaloc, Trozo, and Tondo. ., ,^
But before I retire to this line, I pray you to reclaim from Admiral Dewey the protec-
tion of our ships for free navigation, and permit me to insist, if you will, upon the res-
titution of the positions that we now are going to leave, if in the treaty of peace to be
celebrated between Spain and the United States they acljnowledge the dominion ot
Spain in the Philippines. I expect as well that you order the American forces outside
of above line to retire within the city, as already agreed to.
Hoste(d by
Google
OKEGON YOLUNTEEKS IN SPANISH WAR. 401
I do not believe that the acceptance of the conditions proposed will prejudice the
smallest right of your people, as it signifies nothing more than the acknowledgment of
a part of the rights of a friendly people.
I am compelled to insist on the said conditions to quiet the complaints of my chiefs
and soldiers, who have exposed their lives and abandoned their interests during the
siege of Manila.
I hope that this time you will manifest the spirit of justice that pertains to such a
free and admirably constituted Government as that of the United States of America.
Yours, very respectfully,
Emilio Aguinaldo.
Aguinaldo's letter was considered the following day, when it became evident that
time would be required to prepare an answer, as prior to doing so it was important to
gain a knowledge of the contents of past communications on the subject, and to ascer-
tain what other steps had been taken to adjust the difficulty, of which I was ignorant.
I thereupon telegraphed to General Aguinaldo at Bacoor, Cavite province, his then
headquarters, as follows :
Manila, August 31, 1898.
General Aguinaldo, Bacoor.
Referring to promise made by General Merritt to reply to your letter of August 27th
within four days, I desire to state that he was unexpectedly ordered away and had not
opportunity to reply. Being unacquainted with the situation, I must take time to in-
form myself before answering, which I will do at the earliest opportunity.
Otis.
To this telegram he replied on the same day as follows :
General Otis, Commanding United States Forces, Manila,
General, : By your telegram of this date I understood that your excellency substi-
tutes General Merritt in his absence, for which I beg you will kindly accept my cordial
salutation and my most sincere congratulations.
I shall have much pleasure in continuing with your excellency the friendly relations
which ought to exist between us.
The bearer is one of my aids, who will acquaint you of some reserved affairs.
Hoping you will give your attention as the welfare of both countries require,
Very respectfully, yours,
Emilio Aguinaldo.
Bacooe, August 31, 1898.
A communication, of which the following is a copy, was thereupon prepared and
sent to General Aguinaldo, at Malalos, Luzon, to which point he had removed his head-
quarters and established his so-called capital, viz :
Office United States Military Governor
IN THE PpIILIPPINE ISLANDS,
Manila, P. I., September 8, 1898.
The Commanding General of the Philippine Forces.
Sir : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 27th
ultimo, addressed to General Merritt, my predecessor, and by him transferred to me on
the eve of his departure from Manila. By telegram of the 31st ultimo I informed you of
General Merritt's hurried departure, in obedience to the orders of my Government;
that his necessarily hurried preparations did not permit him to make reply to your
communication ; that such duty devolved upon me, and that I would perform it at the
earliest opportunity and as soon as I could acquaint myself with the condition of
affairs, of which I, having but recently arrived, had slight knowledge. To my telegram
you made a most courteous response, and now having fully considered the situation.
I have the honor to make reply as follows :
And first, in your note of the 27th ultimo you are pleased to manifest surprise that
the late United States military governor should have reached an erroneous conclusion
as to the result of a conference with your commissioners on August 15th, as apparently
manifested by his letter to you of August 24th. I do not know the extent of any con-
versation which may have been indulged in at that conference, nor the nature of the
impression which may have been conveyed. Referring to written memoranda in my
possession which purport to contain the substance of propositions discussed, I find that
certain concessions were made by the commissioners in expected return for specific
privileges to be conferred, and, as there has not been a mutual agreement in these mat-
ters between the interested parties, I do not understand that any obligations have
arisen by reason of that conference.
Second. I note with pleasure your allusion to your very friendly disposition toward
my Government, as manifested by your prompt attendance to our request for a supply
of water ; also your expression as to the inconvenience of the dual occupation of the
city of Manila, and I do not forget that the revolutionary forces under your command
have made many sacrifices in the interests of civil liberty and for the welfare of your
people, and to this I will be pleased to allude hereafter.
Third. In connection with your remark as to the injustice of the United States in
not properly appreciating your assistance in the capture of Manila, I beg a full consider-
26
Hosted by
Google
402 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
ation, on yoar part, of the mandatory conditions which accompany occupation, which
I am sure you fully appreciate, but to which I will respectfully invite your attention in
a subsequent portion of this reply.
Fourth. You designate certain lines within the suburbs of the city of Manila, to
which you promise to retire your troops, and name as conditions precedent : First, pro-
tection to your shipping by the United States Navy, and the free navigation of your
vessels within the waters in the United States occupation; second, restitution to your
forces of all positions which are now occupied by your troops, in the event that treaty
siipulatiops between the United States and Spa,ln surrender to the last-named Govern-
ment the territory occupied by the former; and, thirdly, that United States troops now .
occupying positions beyond the lines you name shall retire within the same.
A discussion of your proposition to hold jointly, with the United States Government,
the city of Manila, involves consideration of some of the other concessions you desired
to be made, and to that I will at once refer. I yii'ifth to i^resent the matter, in the lirst
instance, in its legal aspect, although from remarks contained in former correspond-
ence, I am of the opinion that you are folly aware how untenable the proposition is.
The United States and Spain were and are belligerent parties to a war, and were so
recognized by the civilized world. In the course of events the entire city of Manila,
then in full possession of Spanish forces, was surrendered to the first-named belligerent
power. The articles of agreement and capitulation gave the United States Government
full occupancy of the city and defenses of Manila, and that Government obligated itself
to insure the safety of the lives and property of the inhabitants of the city to the best of
its ability. By all the laws of war and all international precedents. United States
authority over Manila and its defenses is full and supreme, and it can not escape the
obligations which it has assumed.
By the able representatives who have charge of the Philippine revolutionary forces
this conclusion will be admitted to be incontrovertible, and argument on the point is
unnecesary. Can they who seek the civil and religious liberty and invite the approval
and assistance of the civilized world afford to enter upon a course of action which the
law of nations must condemn?
But conceding, as you do, the strictly legal right of my Government to hold and
administer the atfairs of the city of Manila and its suburbs (I thus conclude from
expressions contained in former correspondence and from my appreciation of your
intellectual attainments), you base your proiiosition — a joint occupation — upon sup-
posed equitable groimds, referring to the sacrifices your troops have made and the
assistance they have rendered the American forces in the capture of Manila. It is well
known they have made personal sacrifices, endured great hardships, and have rendered
aid. But is it forgotten that my Government has swept the Spanish navy from the seas
of both hemispheres ; sent back to Spain the Spanish army and navy forces, recently
embarked for your destruction, and the secure holding of the Philippine possessions;
that since May 1st last its navy has Held the city of Manila at its mercy, but out of con-
sideration of humanity refused to bombard it, preferring to send troops to demand
surrender, and thereby preserve the lives and property of the inhabitants? Is it forgot-
ten that the destruction of the Spanish navy and the retention of the Spanish armed
men in its European possessions has opened up to you the ports of the island of Luzon,
and held Spain helpless to meet its refractory subjects?
As between my Government and the revolutionary forces of the Philippines, I fail to
discover on what principle of common justice a joint occupation of Manila can be
naaintained. Equity, in a legal acceptance of the term, would most assuredly condemn
it. A sense of justice should, in my opinion, have prompted the revolutionary forces to
aid those of my country in every way possible in return for the great assistance they
have received. You remark, in substance, that had you not prevented the Spanish
forces from retreating from the city the United States would have received naught but
its ruined streets and buildings. Possibly ; but had all Spanish subjects, elsewhere and
here, been the contented subjects of Spain, war between it and my Government would
not have been waged. It was undertaken by the United States for humanity's sake,
and not for its agkrandizement, or for any national profit it expected to receive, and it
has expended millions of treasure and hundreds of the lives of its citizens in the
interests of the Spanish sufifering colonists.
Apart from all legal and equitable considerations, arid those having their origin in
personally conceived ideas of justice, I wish respectfully to call your attention to the
impracticability of maintaining a joint occupation of Manila and its suburbs, and in
this I know that I shall have the approval of your excellent judgment. It would be
extremely difficult to prevent friction between our respective forces, which might result
in unfortunate consequences, labor as we may for continued harmonious relations.
Located in close proximity, irresponsible members of our organizations, by careless or
impertinent action, might be the means of inciting grave disturbances ; and in this
connection I call to your attention the recent shooting affair at Cavite, which still
requires investigation. There might also arise conflict of authority between our sub-
ordinate officers. Even now, within precincts in entire actuar pQssession of our troops,
I find that permits are given to citizens, who are styled local presidents, to make
arrests, to carry arms, etc., in viohition of our instructions and authority, and that
several cases of kidnaping have taken place. In pursuance of our obligations to main-
tain, in so far as we can, domestic tranquillity, our officers have arrested suspected
parties, and they have asserted (with what element of truth I know not) that the insur-
gent forces are the offenders. I have declined to accept their statements, as I prefer to
believe the contrary, although it would appear that officers connected with those forces
have issued the permits to which I allude. Such interference with our administration
of civil affairs must eventually result in conflict.
Again (reverting to a legal aspect of the subject), the affairs pf the entire city corpo-
ration must be administered from a common center. The trust accepted by my Gov-
ernment from those who surrendered actual possession confers a discretionary power,
which can neither be shared nor delegated. The validity of this conclusion will be
readily understood by yourself and associates as a well-established legal proposition,
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 403
and does not require argument. And here permit me to remark upon a view of the
.subject 5^ou have advocated in support of the plea for dual occupation of the city's
suburbs. Your forces, you say in substance, should have a share in the booty resulting
from the conquest of the city, on account of hardships endured and assistance rendered.
The facts on which you base your conclusion granted, your conclusion, under the rules
of war which arc binding on my Government, does not follow, for it has never recog-
nized the existence of spoils of war, denominated "booty," as have many European
governments. No enemy's property of any kind, public or private, can be seized,
claimed by, or awarded to, any of its officers or men, and should they attempt to appro-
priate any of it for their individual benefit, thej^ would be very severely punished
through military tribunals, on which have been conferred by law very sweeping juris-
diction. The enemy's money and property (all that is not necessary to be expended in
administering local affairs in the enemy's territory) must be preserved for final arbitra-
ment or settlement by and between the supreme authorities of the nations concerned.
My troops can not acquire booty nor any individual benefit by reason of the capture of
an enemy's territory. I make this comment, believing that you hold erroneous opin-
ions in respect to individual advantages which occupation bestows.
I request your indulgence while I briefly consider the concessions you ask us to make
as conditions precedent to the retirement of your forces to the lines indicated by your
note of the 27th ultimo.
The first is : Protection to your shipping and free navigation to your vessels. Neither
the extent of protection nor the limit of free navigation you request is understood. Cer-
tainly you could not mean protection on the high seas, or in the ports not in the right-
ful possession of the United States. That, as you are fully aware, could only be effected
by treaty, or guarantee, following international recognition of the belligerent rights of
the Philippine revolutionary government. While the existing armistice continues, the
United States are in rightful possession, in so far as the navigable water of the Philip-
pine Islands are concerned, only of the bay of Manila and its navigable tributaries.
Within the same all vessels of trade and commerce and the war vessels of recognized
national powers sail freely as long as the sovereignty of my Government is not assailed
nor the peace of the locality threatened. In this respect, whatever concessions are
extended by way of relaxation of trade restrictions, incident to war, to the citizens of
these islands will be extended to all alike, and discrimination in this regard is neither
intended nor permitted. Admiral Dewey exercises supervision over all naval matters,
and they are in no way related to the duties conferred upon me by law. Nor would it
avail should I seek his consent for greater latitude of action, for even if disposed to
grant special concessions he could not do so, and I doubt if the supreme authority of
my Government could now, under the prevailing truce with Spain, invest him with the
requisite powers to do so and at the same time preserve its international obligations.
The second concession named by you is restitution of positions in the city of Manila
to your forces, in case the treaty of peace remands to Spain, the territory surrendered
under the late capitulatory articles ; and the third and last is a promise to retire our
troops within the lines indicated by you, as the lines on which you desire your troops
to remain permanently. These propositions having a kindred nature, may be consid-
ered together, and, indeed, have already been impliedly answered. From previous
statements of facts and logical conclusions made and stated in this communication,
concerning the nature of the obligations resting on the United States with regard to the
territory to which they have the legal right of possession under contracting articles
with Spain, it is evident that neither inlaw nor morals can the concessions be made.
I would be powerless to grant them in any aspect of the case, being nothing more than
an agent to carry out the instructions of the executive head of my Government and
not being vested with discretionary power to determine matters of such moment. In
the present instance I am not only powerless to accede to your request, but have been
strictly enjoined by my Government, mindful of its international promises and
national honor, which it has never broken nor sacrificed, not to accede joint occupation
of the city and suburbs of Manila, and am directed specially to preserve the peace and
protect persons and property within the territory surrendered under the terms of the
Si)anish capitulation. These mandates must be obeyed.
Thus have I endeavored with all candor and sincerity, holding nothing in reserve, to
place before you the situation as understood by me, and I doubt not by the Republic
which I represent. I have not been instructed as to what policy the United States
intends to pursue in regard to its legitimate holdings here, and hence I am unable to
give you any information on the subject. That it will have a care and labor conscien-
tiously for the welfare of your people I sincerely believe. It remains for you, benefi-
ciaries of its sacrifices, to adopt a course of action which will manifest your good inten-
tions and show to the world the principles which actuate your proceedings.
You and your associates could not regret more than I any conflict between our forces,
which would tend to excite the citizens of my country, who are always a unit in action
whenever its sovereignty is attacked or its rights to fulfill its international obligations
is called into question. " Then they never count cost, and, as you are fully aware, its
resources are abundant. Rather than see the ships of the navy of the United States
controlling the navigable waters of these islands and its army devastating their terri-
tory, I would greatly prefer to advise my Government that there is no longer need to
send more of its troops to this section of the country, and that those whom it holds
waiting on its Pacific slope can be remanded to their homes or employed elsewhere, as
it may determine.
It only remains for me to respectfully notify you that I am compelled by my instruc-
tions to direct that your armed forces evacuate the entire city of Manila, including the
suburbs and defenses, and that I shall be obliged to take action with that end in view
within a very short space of time should you decline to comply with my Government's
demands; and I hereby serve notice on you that unless your troops are withdrawn
beyond the line of the city's defenses before Thursday, the 15th instant, I shall be obliged
to resort to forcible action, and that my Government will hold you responsible for any
unfortunate consequences which may ensue. ■ '
Hosted by
Google
404 OREGON A^OLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Permit me to believe that my confidence in the sound judgment and patriotism of
yourself and associates is not misplaced.
You will please pardon me for my apparent unnecessary delay In replying to your
cbmmunicatioii of the 27th ultimo, hut press of the duties connected with the adminis-
tration of the aflTairs of this city is my excuse.
In conclusion, I beg to inform you that I have conferred freely with Admiral Dewey
upon the contents of this communication and am delegated by him to state that he
fully approves of the same in all respects ; that the commands of our Government
compel us to act as herein indicated, and that between our respective forces there will
be unanimity and complete concert of action.
I am, sir, with great respect, your obedient servant,
E. S. Otis,
Major General U. S, V.,
United States Military Governor in the Philippines,
On September 13th a commission sent by Aguinaldo and consisting of three mem-
bers, one of whom was the treasurer and another the attorney general of the insurgent
government, called for the purpbse of discussing the subject of my letter of the 8th.
They asked me to withdraw it and simply request in writing that the insurgent troops
retire to the line designated by General Merritt, which I refused to do, stating that
unless they withdrew as directed we would be obliged to resort to force. They then
asked that I withdraw the letter and issue a request unaccompanied by any threat to
use force, as Aguinaldo was fearful that he would be unable to remove his troops upon
demand. To which I replied that the letter of the 8th instant \vould stand. They then
said that as the demands of that letter must remain unchanged, the insurgents would
withdraw as directed therein, but that if I would express in writing a simple request to
Aguinaldo to withdraw to the lines which I designated — something which he could
show to the troops and induce them to think that he was simply acting upon a request
from these headquarters— he would probably be able to retire his men withput much
difficulty ; that, of course, they themselves understood the direction to withdraw, which
would be obeyed, and thereupon repeated their desire to obtain a note of request, where-
upon I furnished them with the following :
Office Ui^itbd States MhjItaky Governor
IN the Philippine Isi^ands,
Manila, P. I., September 13, 1898.
The Commanding General of the Philippine Forces.
Sir: Referring to my communication of September 8th, I have the honor to inform
you that I have had a most agreeable conversation with certain gentlemen who are in
the interests of your revolutionary government upon the matters therein contained.
We have discussed at length the complications now existing, which will exist, and will
doubtless increase, while our troops continue to occupy jointly certain districts of the
city of Manila. I have urged upon them the necessity of the withdrawal of your troops
in order that the friendly relations which have always been maintained by and between
them and the forces of the United States Government may be perpetuated. I am sure
that the gentlemen fully appreciate my sentiments and will clearly report them to you.
May I ask yon to patiently listen to their report of our conversation ?
It is my desire that our friendly intercourse and mutual amicable relations be con-
tinued ; that they be not jeopardized if we can by consistent action avoid it, and such,
I am certain, is the desire oi' yourself and associates.
May I ask, therefore, that you withdraw your troops from Manila?
Permit me to add in conclusion that I have that confidence in your ability and patri-
otism which will lead you to accede to this request.
I am, with great respect, your most obedient servant,
E. S. Otis,
Major General U. S. V.,
United States Military Governor in the Philippines.
In reply to which, on the 16th, the following was received :
MAEOiiOS, BULACAN, September 16, 1898.
The Commanding General of the American Forces.
My Bear Sir; Referring to your esteemed communication, dated the 13th instant,
I have the honor to inform you that I have given appropriate orders that my troops
should abandon their most advanced positions within some of the suburbs, and that
they should retire to points where contact with yours Would be more difficult, in order
to avoid all occasion for conflict.
I hope that by these presents you will be fully convinced of my constant desire to
preserve amicable relations with the American forces, even at the risk of sacrificing a
part of the confidence i)laced in my government by the Philippine people.
A consideration of my many occupations will serve to excuse me for not having
answered with the promptness desired.
Your very respectful servant, Emilio Aguinaldo.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 4(J0
On the evening of the 15th the armed insurgent organizations withdrew from the
city and all of its suburbs, as acknowledged by their leaders, excepting from one small
outlying district. This certain agents of Aguinaldo asked on the j)revious day to be
permitted to retain for a short time, on the plea that the general officer in command
would not obey instructions, and they proposed to remove his men gradually by
organizations and thereafter to punish him for his disobedience. The withdrawal was
effected adroitly, as the insurgents marched out in excellent spirits, cheering the Amer-
ican troops.
During the progress of these negotiations the tactical organization of troops was
being effected. General Merritt, on August 23d, had formed the corps into two divi-
sions, the first at Cavite, composed of troops recently arrived and expected to arrive
later, with certain exceptions; the second, of those stationed in Manila. Early in Sep-
tember orders were issued announcing the staff officers of the corjjs and department;
also announcing to the command the promotions of Brigadier Generals Anderson, Mac-
Arthur, and Greene to major generals United States Volunteers, and of Colonels Oven-
shine and Hale and Lieutenant Colonel Whittier to the grade of brigadier generals of
Volunteers; also the composition of divisions, which were organized as follows: The
first, comprising all troops in the district of Cavite, Major General Anderson to com-
mand, and consisting of one brigade to be commanded by Brig. Gen. H. G. Otis ; the
second, under command of Major General MacArthur, consisting of two brigades, to be
commanded, respectively, by Brigadier Generals Ovenshine and Hale. Measures were
taken to promptly meet any difficulties which might arise under the demand to with-
draw from the city which had been served upon the insurgents. Brig. Gen. R. P.
Hughes, U. S. v., relieved General MacArthur as provost marshal of Manila, and was
placed in command of a separate brigade to constitute the provost guard, consisting
of the Twenty-third Infantry, the Second Oregon, and First Montana regiments of
volunteers.
In General Merritt's orders of August 15th and 16th, wherein he prescribed regula-
tions for the government of Manila, he announced as follows :
In addition to his duties as brigade commander, Brig. Gen. Arthur McArthur,
U. S. v., is hereby appointed military commandant of the walled city of Manila, and
provost marshal general of the city of Manila, including all outlying districts within
the municipal j urisdiction. * * He will relieve the civil governor of his functions, and
take possession of the offices, clerks, and all the machinery of administration of that
office, retaining and employing the present subordinate officers of civil administration
until in his judgment it is desirable to replace them by other appointments. * * In
paragraphs 8 and 4 of the terms of capitulation, full lists of public property and stores
and returns in duplicate of the men by organizations are to be rendered to the United
States within ten days, and public property of all kinds is to be turned over to the staff
officers of the United States designated to receive them. Under these paragraphs the
chief of artillery at these headquarters and the chiefs of the staff departments will take
possession of the public property turned over as above, pertaining to their respective
departments. The returns of prisoners will be submitted to their military commandant
of the city, who will assign the men, for quarters, in such public buildings and barracks
as are not required for the use of United States troops. * * The chief paymaster at
these headquarters will turn over such portions of the Spanish public funds received by
him, by virtue of this order, to the military commandant above designated, as may be
necessary for the administration of his office. All removals and appointments of sub-
ordinate officers of civil administration and transfers of funds authorized by the order
must receive the approval of the commanding general before action is taken.
In addition to the command of his brigade, Brig. Gen. F. V. Greene, U. S. V., will per-
form the duties hitherto performed by the intendente general de hacienda, and will
have charge, subject to instructions of the major general commanding, of all fiscal
affairs of the government of Manila.
Col. C. A. Whittier, U. S. V., is appointed collector of customs, and the chief paymas-
ter. Department of the Pacific, will designate a bonded officer of the Pay Department as
custodian of all public funds. Both of these officers will report to Brigadier General
Greene for instructions.
Under this last paragraph Maj. Charles H. Whipple, paymaster, U, S. A., was directed
to receive the Spanish public funds. Maj. R. B. C. Bement, U. S. Volunteer Engineers,
had already been appointed the collector of interval revenue, and by request of General
Merritt and consent of Admiral Dewey, Capt. Henry Glass, U. S. N., was designated as
captain of the port.
On August 22d military commissions and provost courts were provided for and their
jurisdiction defined. In the proclamation issued at the time of the surrender of the
Hosted by
Google
406 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
city, it was ordered that the municipal laws "should be considered as continuing in
force in so far as compatible with the purposes of military government," and should
"be administered through the ordinary tribunals substantially as before occupation,
but by officers appointed by the government of occupation."
By department orders, issued on the eve of his departure, General Merritt, under
instructions from Washington, relieved General Greene and personal staff from duty
directing their return to the United States, and appointed Lieut. Col. C. A. Whittier,
inspecitor general of the corps (and shortly afterwards announced as brigadier general
of volunteers), intendente de hacienda, which gave hirn charge of all fiscal matters in
the territory of occupation, and continued him as collector of customs.
Such were the chief measures announced and the means adopted to continue in part
and establish in part a temporary government to administer the affairs of the city of
Manila. Unfortunately, the Spanish civil authorities abandoned most of the civil offices
without making transfer of the public records and property. The officers of the Spanish
army never made satisfactory returns of their troops, by organization or otherwise, and
did not render lists of property to the United States within the period of ten days, as
promised in the capitulatory articles, nor have they ever rendered such lists. The civil
court justices vacated their positions and gradually sailed for Spain without giving
notice of their intention to depart, nor taking the necessary measures to render secure
the property and especially the records of their courts, inany of which pould never be
found, and. which, presumably, they took with them. To be sure, they had not been
authorized to exercise their functions as judges by the government of occupation, as pro-
vided for in the articles of capitulation, until October 4, 1898, and then only in a limited
degree, as the granting of such authority, in the then prevailing condition of public
feeling, would have been politically disastrous, or at least most injurious, to United
States interests. Indeed, in two or three instances when, without appointment or
authority, they attempted to judicially determine questions in litigation and pending
at the time of the surrender of the city, indignant protests were submitted by inhabit-
ants, both native and foreign, and instructions to suspend action on the ground of
unauthorized proceedings were issued from the office of military govern or.^
Finally, upon October 7th, to meet the needs of the citizens for tribunals to pass upon
questions of a strictly civil character, the following order was issued :
Until otherwise directed from these headquarters, the civil courts, as composed and
constituted by the laws of Spain, which were held and administered prior to August 13,
1898, within Philippine territory now subject to United States military occupation and
control, are permitted to resume at once the exercise of the civil jurisdiction conferred
by Spanish laws within the limits of that territory, subject, however, to such super-
vision by the military government of the United States here instituted as in its judg-
ment the interests of that Government may demand. This privilege does not extend
to or embrace permission to institute criminal jurisdiction of any nature or character
whatsoever.
The provisions of orders heretofore issued by the authority of the United States in
the Philippine Islands inconsistent with the foregoing instructions and directions are
hereby revoked.
The difficulties and perplexities which confronted all officers appointed to conduct
civil affairs was therefore very great. The prisons were full to overflowing with con-
victed criminals and persons charged with crimes. Immediate attempts were made to
relieve this. congestion, and applications of the friends of those incarcerated, for their
release, were constant. In the jail deliveries which followed, although conducted after
search of records obtainable at the time, a few of the most notorious criminals escaped.
Subsequently greater care was exercised and each individual case was made the subject
of investigation, and even then, when pardon accompanied by release was granted, it
was frequently followed by application for the return of embargoed estates, which pre-
sented very perplexing questions for determination, involving a study of many Spanish
war-measure decrees.
The city government which was in operation at the time of surrender and the rev-
enue measures practiced for its support were the results of national, colonial, and local
decrees, orders, and approved recommendations, more or less complicated, with amend-
atory features, uncodified, and running over a period of many years, presenting a
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 407
system so complex tliat after the study of months it is not yet fully understood and
certainly not appreciated. The monthly expenditures for the city have been double the
amount of its receipts, but as all collections of whatever nature made in the islands are
deposited with the general fund in the treasury and money is drawn therefrom on war-
rants as demands arise, no difficulty has been experienced.
The chiefs of the supply departments and staff corps of the Army, who had been
directed to receive and receipt for the Spanish military stores when the prescribed lists
should be presented, were obliged to rely solely upon their own efforts to discover this
property, as no assistance was tendered by the officers of Spain. They were, it is
believed, fairly successful in their persistent searches, took up and accounted for the
property found, considerable of which, such as clothing, subsistence, and medicines,
were expended in the care of Spanish prisoners of w^ar. The inventories which they
made were very advantageous in the final settlement of United States and Spanish
claims in regard to this class of property. General Merritt's orders and those which
closely followed were based on the articles of capitulation by which it was transferred
to the United States, as information concerning the peace protocol of August 12th,
which held in abeyance all questions of property right pending the conclusion of a
treaty of peace, had not been received. The fifth article of the Paris treaty of Decem-
ber 10th returned to Spain ail these army stores and property, and the inventories which
our officers had taken constituted the basis of intelligent settlement with the represen-
tatives of that government under treaty stipulations, and in many instances enabled
those representatives to formulate their demands.
For three and one half months Admiral Dewey with his squadron and the insurgents
on land had kei)t Manila tightly bottled. All commerce had been interdicted, internal
trade paralyzed, and food supplies were nearly exhausted. Upon the opening of the
port merchants were clamoring for the recstablishment of inter-island commerce.
They had advanced large amounts of money on their harvested crops of tobacco,
hemp, and sugar which awaited, at many points of the various islands, shipment to
Manila. No present relief could be furnished by the military authorities. The harbor
was filled with Spanish shipping and that of other European countries. The United
States was not represented by merchantmen of any character. Spain owned and was
entitled to possession of all Philippine territory, except temporary occupancy of the
bay, harbor, and city of Manila, although the insurgents had forcibly seized upon many
cities and ports. The insurrection had spread to, and was active in, all the islands with
the exception of the Sulu Archipelago, and there the hereditary antagonism of the Moros
was only comparatively dormant. Spain was concentrating her scattered forces in the
south at the central Visayan Islands and at Zamboanga, and the Spanish general who
was in immediate charge of Spanish military affairs (General Rios) had made his head-
quarters at Iloilo. Through negotiations with General Rios, conducted under War De-
partment permission, an arrangement was effected whereby vessels carrying either the
Spanish or American flag might engage in trade at a number of the inter-island ports,
the Spanish laws to be applied to shipment and commercial privileges. But a grave
difficulty still presented itself. Vessels flying the Spanish flag could not safely enter any
ports which had been seized by the insurgents, nor could inter-island commerce be
opened to foreign governments as it was free and undutiable in all respects. The mer-
chants formerly employing the flag of Spain resorted to sale and transfer of their ships
to American residents, technical doubtless in many instances, but upon furnishing due
written proof of a full compliance with United States consular regulations in these par-
ticulars, provisional American registration was granted. Many of these vessels were
thereupon released and trade became quite active. Still another difficulty was encoun-
tered and materially affected the public revenue. The customs tariffs and regulations
which has been prescribed for application were faulty in many respects and required
amendment before they could be intelligently applied. It was, therefore, ordered on
September 29th that "the enforcement of these regulations be postponed until the 10th
day of November next, and that the tariffs and duties at present imposed be continued
to be applied in the port of Manila until that date, with this exception, viz, that all
Hosted by
Google
408 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
goods and merchandise secured, or purchased, within the dominions Of Spain (the Phil-
ippine Islands excepted) since April 25th, last, the date of formal declaration of war by
the United States Government between that country and the Kingdom of Spain, shall
be received into this port upon the same conditions as to paymenf^ibf tariffs and duties
as the goods and merchandise of strictly neutral nations."
Upon October 3d Capt. J. F. Evans, of the volunteer subsistence department, who had
been sent to the Philippines to assist in revenue matters, was assigned to duty at the
customhouse, his services to be temporarily "confined to a careful consideration of trade
conditions and an exhaustive study of the United States customs and tariff regulations
prescribed for application, with a view of suggesting amendments and modifications
therein, in order to render them as practicable as possible to existing circumstances."
The entire labor of revision was imposed upon him and he performed it in a most satis-
factory manner. His revision was adopted and put in force at the announced date
(November 10th), has given satisfaction to all parties concerned, and has worked
smoothly, only a few minor amendments having been made since it became operative.
There were also other complications which arose from Spanish action or a misunder-
standing on the part of the United States authorities of Spanish expressed intention as
to the particular measures which must be adopted to secure the entrance of American
vessels to Spanish ports — such as sailing under Spanish captains and the obtaining,
under certain conditions, from General Rios himself, at Iloilo, of a special permit to
visit certain trading points. Occasionally a vessel was turned back on her course by
Spanish office;rs or denied entrance to a port after arrival there. Of this the merchants
complained and the complaints became the subject of considerable ofiicial correspond-
ence and controversy. The insurgents, too, whose government had taken firm root at
Malolos, were, through the medium of president, cabinet, and congress, reeling off
decrees and constitutional provisions at a rapid rate. Their army was continually suc-
cessful against the small Spanish garrisons scattered throughout the islands, and they
were beginning to acquire the belief that they were invincible. Revenue was their need
and desire, and this they began to derive quite largely from imposing export duties on
all products shipped to Manila from any shipping point in their possession, compelling
the merchants to pay on their property some ten per cent ad valorem upon removal.
These many obstacles so impeded commerce that trade languished and the customs rev-
enues were greatly impaired.
With the entrance of the United States troops into Manila and the opening up of that
port immigration became active. Business men from our own and other countries,
studying the situation, were quite numerous. Members of the criminal classes, who
always follow the wake of a conquering army, came from the American and Asiatic sea-
coasts in large numbers. The native population of the city rapidly increased and was
augmented by a considerable Chinese influx, most of which presented cedulas or certifi-
cates of personal identity, issued by the late Spanish Government, in order to prove
former residence in the islands, as the United States Chinese exclusion law was directed
to be applied. Aguinaldo's army of observation, on the outskirts of the city, contained
many natives or residents of Manila, who, with all others of his soldiers, were accorded
if unarmed, though uniformed, full liberty to enter any portion of the same. AH these
heterogeneous elements, with the fourteen thousand United States troops quartered
here, filled the city to repletion and gave the provost marshal general and his guards
ample occupation. The outside country was not yet shut to trade and the port was open
to all foreign ships. Hence subsistence was abundant and the minor business indus-
tries were well employed.
In a former portion of this report I stated the fact that the insurgent authorities had
received permission to continue in occupancy of certain suburbs of the city for a short
time when they, on September 15th, withdrew their troops fforn its interior portions.
They did not subsequently remove their troops in accordance with agreement, but
appeared to be determined to retain Paco and Pandacan, as they believed them to be
advantageous military positions, south of the Pasig River. The assertion was made,
and became current, that these suburbs were not within the jurisdiction of Manila, and
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 409
it became advisable to make search and survey to gain desired information on that
point. These were made by Lieutenant Colonel Potter, chief engineer of the corps.
The survey showed that the city had never been correctly mapped, especially as con-
cerned the trend of the Pasig River and the lines of outlying districts. The best opinion
did not consider the suburbs, still occupied by the insurgent troops, beyond city limits,
but no decree could be found which fixed their political status. These troops had given
great annoyance. Their officers had extorted contributions from the citizens of Manila,
some of whom they had kidnaped and carried away. They had placed guards upon
the river bank and in many instances refused to permit our officers to pass their lines,
although a mutual agreement had been made which permitted the individual members
of both armies, when unarmed, to pass and repass all military lines without hindrance.
A number of reports were submitted of insurgent interference in this respect. General
Anderson called at my quarters on October 9th, and complained of the indignity he
had received at the hands of the insurgents, in not being permitted to proceed up the
river through the insurgent lines, and was thereupon informed that, as soon as a certain
map of survey could be completed, General Aguinaldo would be directed to rem.ove his
troops from Paco. On the following day he submitted the following official complaint :
Headquarters First Divisioj^, Eighth Army Corps,
Cavite Arsenal, P. J., October 10, 1898.
The Adjutant General,
Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. I.
Sir : I have the honor to report that yesterday, the 9th instant, while proceeding up
the Pasig River, on the steam launch Canacao, with three officers of my staff', the Ameri-
can flag flying over the boat, I was stopped by an armed Filipino guard and informed
that we could go no farther. Explaining that we were an unarmed party of American
officers out upon an excursion, we were informed that, by orders given two days before,
no Americans, armed or unarmed, were allowed to pass up the Pasig River without a
special permit from President Aguinaldo.
I demanded to see the written order, and it was brought and shown me. It was an
official letter signed Pio del Pilar, division general, written in Tagalo and stamped with
what appeared to be an official seal. It purported to be issued by the authority of the
president of the revolutionary government, and forbade Americans, either armed or
unarmed, from passing up the Pasig River. It was signed by Pilar himself.
As this is a distinctly hostile act, I beg leave to ask how far we are to submit to this
kind of interference.
It is respectfully submitted that whether this act of Pilar was authorized or not by
the assumed insurgent government, it should, in any event, be resented.
Very respectfully,
Thomas H. Anderson,
Major General, U. S. V., CoTnmandirig Division.
As soon as the completed map of survey of the city could be blue printed a communi-
cation was prepared and taken by one of my aids to Malolos. An allusion was made
therein to General Aguinaldo's letter of September 16th, in which he informed me of his
action of the previous day in withdrawing troops in consonance with my former request
and which did not at the time require reply. The communication was as follows :
Office of the United States Military Gonernor,
Manila, P. I., October Ik, 1898.
Gen. Emidio Aguinaldo,
Commanding Philippine Revolutionary Forces, Malolos, P. I.
General : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of the 16th
ultimo, and beg to apologize for the late official recognition of the same, presenting as a
reason for my delay the necessity of obtaining certain information in order to arrive at
conclusions in matters materially affecting the substance of oar late correspondence,
the securing of which has been attended with great difficulty.
I fully appreciate the friendly spirit manifested toward my Government in your
expressions of regard, which your action in retiring your troops has confirmed, but I
believe there has existed and still exists some misunderstanding as to the limits of ter-
ritory which that Government is compelled to occupy and administer under its inter-
national obligations with Spain, the responsibility for which it can not escape.
The articles of capitulation transferred the city of Manila, with suburbs and all
defenses, as I had the honor to inform you in my letter of September 8th. It was found
impossible to determine definitely, on any existing map, either the limits of the city or
the lines of its defenses. The latter had been variously placed, at some points retired
and at others thrust out beyond the conceded city limits. I therefore directed my chief
engineer, by a careful search of the municipal records and an actual survey, to ascertain
Hosted by
Google
410 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
the lines within which occupation by United States troops was obligatory by reason of
the terms of the surrender. He has tinally concluded these directed labors, and has pre-
sented a map, of which the enclosed blue print is a copy, on which is traced in white the
lines determined upon. By reference to this print and a comparison of the same with
all former existing maps of the city and suburbs, it will be preceived that the latter vary
materially from it, especially as the trend of the Pasig River and the location of the
Spanish defenses. The lines of circumvallation on the i^rint begin at the Bocana de
Vitas and thence they follow May pajo Creek until they reach the line of the Lico road
produced, thence proceed along said line and road to Lico, thence to the junction of the
two roads in front of the Chinese hospital, thence along the road in front of said hos-
pital to the north corner of the hospital wall, thence to Blockhouse No. 4, thence by
Blockhouses Nos. 5, 6, and 7 to San Juan del Monte Creek at the aqueduct, thence down
said creek and up the Rio Pasig to the mouth of Concordia Creek, thence by Concordia
and Tripa de Gallinas creeks to a point opposite the plac^ where the road from Cingalon
to Pineda (Pasai) turns sharply to the right, thence by road to Maitubig, and thence to
tbe mouth of the Malate Creek. This map is believed to be correct, as the surveying and
platting were executed with the greatest care and with a desire for accuracy. The lines
do not include all of the territory which the late Spanish civil engineer of this city has
described as living within its suburbs and a larger proportion of them are drawn within
the lines of the city's defenses; but they are practical, and include all portions of the
suburbs which my Government, under its promises to Spain, could be expected to hold
possession of under any demands which Spain might present.
In your withdrawal of troops I note that to the north they retired to the line described
on the map furnished by my predecessor. General Merritt, while to the east and south
his request was not observed. As far as Paco is concerned, it was understood that the
troops in that section would be withdriiwn within a short period of time, and I have
now the honor to represent that the retention of that mutually conceded suburb has
been a source of great annoyance to the American authorities, and, as I fully believe, to
yourself, while the revolutionary forces along the Cingalon and connecting roads have
been the cause of complaint from the inhabitants of that section.
I am therefore compelled by reason of my instructions, which direct me to execute
faithfully the articles of the Spanish capitulation, because of the interests of my Govern-
ment and, as I sincerely believe, the welfare of your own forces, to ask that you with-
draw all your troops beyond the lines marked in the accompanying blue print which
are above described, and I must request such withdrawal on or before the 20th instant,
else I shall be forced into some action looking to that end.
Permit me, in conclusion, General, to bring to your attention facts of which you are
doubtless ignorant, and which all connected with the AmeHcan authorities, especially
that vast majority who have entertained a decided and pronounced friendly interest in
the Philippine people, have viewed with more or less indignation. In a number of
instances kidnaping and robbery have been committed recently within the city by par-
ties who claimed to be connected with your forces, some of whom stated that they were
acting under your instructions. This I can not believe ; but the high-handed oflfenses
committed by these persons stiow how important it is, for the interests of all concerned,
to withdraw your troops as herein requested. In numerous instances my officers have
submitted complaints to me that they have been arrested and been compelled to turn
back to the city, though journeying as unarmed and peaceful citizens merely with the
intent to seek health and recreation ; and on Sunday last a funeral party from the Brit-
ish war ship Powerful, now lying within this harbor, was so delayed by the Insurgent
forces at Paco, when proceeding to its English cemetery, that it was obliged to return to
its vessel and repeat the journey on the following day. I fail to see how such proceed-
ings can be justified before enlightened public opinion, and it is a matter of profound
surprise to me that a people seeking relief from the control of a government, by which,
in the pronounced judgment of a large portion of the civilized world, it has been
oppressed for centuries, should permit its armed authorities to so conduct themselves
as to arouse the indignation of friendly and assistant nations. The indignities which
my Government has suffered from the revolutionary forces still illegally maintained at
Paco (few of them are cited herein) can not be tolerated in future. Kesistance to the
high-handed proceedings committed is not merely considered a duty from which there
is no escape, but would be esteemed a virtue by any civilized government cognizant of
the facts. I do not for a moment permit myself to entertain the impression that either
you, or the able advisers by whom you are surrounded, have authorized these insults to
my Government, but I must bring them to the notice of the authorities which main-
tain these troops, and upon which rests the legal responsibility for their conduct.
There is another matter which I beg especially to present to your distinguished con-
sideration. There are a great number of United States soldiers within this city and a
large accession primarily intended and equipped by my Government for use against
the armed forces of Spain, is en route for this port. The continued unhealthfulnesS of
the city, notwithstanding the strenuous efforts we are making for a thorough police of
the same, may make it necessary to temporarily encamp such troops as are suffering
from diseases contracted here on some point of land which promises favorable sanitary-
conditions for restoration to health.
Should the emergency become imminent, the dictates of humanity and the over-
whelming demands of my Government would oblige me to establish a convalescent
camp in this locality, to which troops could be sent for recuperation, and to relieve the
congested situation which must attend the presence of so large a body of armed men
within a thickly populated city. I have in mind for this possible camp the grounds on
the shore of the bay formerly occupied by United States troops and designated Camp
Dewey, or the high gi"ound to the east of the city. It is my desire to place it at a locality
which would not inconvenience any organizations connected with your forces or the
surrounding inhabitants, and lo the emergency of this anticipated proceeding I respect-
fully invite your consideration and ask your assistance should execution become
necessary. Should action of this character be decided upon, I beg of you to rest firmly
in my unqualified assurances that it will be undertaken in a spirit of the greatest
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 411
friendliness and with the sincere desire to neither compromise nor affect in the slightest
degree your interests and those of the people whom you represent, but, on the contrary,
to enhance them.
Permit me to subscribe myself, General, with the highest respect,
Your most obedient servant,
E. S. Otis,
Major General JJ. S. F.,
United Slates: Mititary Governor in the Philippines.
On the 18th of October three accredited representatives from Aguinaldo called, and
the chairman. Doctor Tavera, a member of the Malolos cabinet, presented a note, of
which the following is a copy :
Manila, October 18, 'J898.
His Excellency Major General Otis,
Military Governor of the United States Forces in the Phili2opines.
Generat-: I have the honor to place in your hands this note, which I bring person-
ally, in which I make known the object of the mission confided to me by President
Ag\unaldo, and which I will reiterate verbally. The letter dated the 14th of this month,
which you directed to General Aguinaldo, reached his hands, and desirous of complying
with your desires he called in council all of his generals and made known to them the
desires which you expressed in your letter.
Highly appreciating the spirit of friendship and good feeling which is constantly
noted in your honorable letters, and which reflects the sentiments of Americans and of
their policy toward us, the generals of Mr. Aguinaldo cheerfully accede to that which
you ask.
But the idea of the possibility that Spain may return to this territory and occupy
Manila as the result of the decision of the Americo-Spanish conference now in session
in Paris, has caused said generals to try and obtain a modification of the demands which
you make in your letter of the 14th.
Having verbally explained, for your consideration, the reasons which influence the
manner of thought of the Philippine generals, I shall make also the following proposi-
tions, made by President Aguinaldo :
First. The Filipinos will retire beyond the line of demarcation indicated in the blue
print, as you desire.
Second. The Filipinos will retain Pandacan under their jurisdiction.
Third. The Filipinos consider it of greatest importance to occupy the blockhouses,
with their forces of the line, in view of the possible return of the Spanish, promising not
to pass with arms.
Fourth. General Aguinaldo asks of you an extension of the time indicated for evacua-
tion of his troops.
I repeat, sir, with the greatest consideration and respect,
T. H. Pardo de Tavera.
Considerable discussion followed, and Tavera, a man of excellent scientific and pro-
fessional attainments, long a resident of Paris, and educated there, and who had advo-
cated openly the establishment of American sovereignty in the islands as necessary to
the welfare of the inhabitants, ably represented his chief, strongly urging the conces-
sions requested in his communication. It developed that my letter of the 14th had
aroused fierce opposition ; that Aguinaldo had indignantly disclaimed any knowledge
of the promise to gradually withdraw the troops from Paco and Pandacan, and that
opinion on the question to withdraw or fight, which the insurgent'leaders had discussed,
was well-nigh equally divided. All the concessions requested were denied. Then an
extension of the date fixed in my letter upon which the insurgent troops must be
retired to October 25th was asked for and granted. In the course of our conversation
Doctor Tavera and his associates strongly urged permission to retain all the Spanish
blockhouses, but were informed that we could not yield in this matter, as some of them
were within the lines beyond which they must withdraw. They then reverted to the
blockhouses northeast of the city which were on those lines, saying that they had no
shelter for their troops if they were taken from them, and I remarked casually that I
did not consider them of any importance, as we did not intend to occupy them, but that
I was unable to concede the point. It seems, however, that I was misunderstood in
this matter, and the committee reported to Aguinaldo that these blockhouses would
remain in his possession. When, six days later, after I had corrected this mistaken
impression. Doctor Tavera called upon me in person and explained the most unfortunate
position in which he had been placed by reason of this misunderstanding. I informed
him that I would not take immediate action, even if the insurgents did not vacate
these houses on the date announced. All this appears in subsequent correspondence.
Hosted by
Google
412 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
On October 20th it was reported that insurgent troops were moving southward by
railway from Malolos and other points and were being concentrated near the north
line of the city. On calling the attention of the insurgent authorities to this threaten-
ing demonstration the concentration ceased and many of the troops were removed.
On October 23d the following was received :
IlEVOT--tJTIONAKY GrOVERNMEISrT OF THE PHIIilPPIlVES,
Presidency, Malolos, October 22, 1898.
Gen. E. S. Otis,
Commander in Chief of the American Forces, Manila, P. I.
General,: In view of your favor of the 14th instant, I consulted the opinions of my
generals and advisory council, and I have appointed Dr. Pardo de Tavera in order that
he might place before you the wishes of all, as he did on the 18th. Said commissioners,
upon giving me an account of your wishes, told me that you had consented to postpone
the ultimatum for the withdrawal of our troops until the 25th and the retention by our
forces of the blockhouses situated on the line shown on the blue map which you sent me
with said letter, taut had not acceded to the desires of the Philippine people that my
forces continue to occupy Paudacan. Relative to the latter point, I take the liberty of
telling you that your predecessor, General Merritt, understood that the American forces
only ought to occupy, according to the terms of the capitulation of Manila, the city and
its environs, i.e., Binondo, Tondo, Santa Grnz, Quiapo, Sampaloc, San Miguel, Concep-
cion, Ermita, Malate, and Paco, or San Fernando de Dilao, and thus he clearly puts it
in his letter of August 20th last. The town of Pandacan has always been considered out-
side of the old nauniciipal limits of Manila, which the general himself mentions in said
letter, and I hope your high sense of judgment will see it thus.
Nevertheless, I understand that your forces are already occupying Uli-Uli, Nactahan,
and Santa Mesa districts, which, although belonging to the jurisdiction of Pandacan,
they can continue to do, in order to prevent the continual encounters with mine which
cause disagreeable incidents.
I take pleasure in manifesting to you that it is not lack of confidence, and much less
animosity, that prompts me to write in this manner. To-day, more than ever, the Fili-
pinos desire to live in peace and perfect harmony with the Americans, because they will
take care that the Philippines do not return under the odious Spanish dominion.
When it is possible for a formal convention to pacify and harmonize the interests of
the two peoples, then the suspicions of my people — which I can not completely quiet
with my prestige and authority, no matter what good desires move me— will disappear.
I beg of you not to consider as an insult to your flag a bad interpretation of my
orders, which I will severely punish according to the gravity of the offense. You, with
your keen perception, will understand that a people agitated by a revolution return
gradually, not suddenly, to their normal life, no matter how educated they are supposed
to be. It becomes necessary for me to act with much tact in order to give no cause for
internal dissensions.
And this consideration is what obliges me to ask you about the form and conditions
with which you wish to establish a sanitarium within my lines; because I wish, at all
cost, to prevent the possibility of your complaints being renewed concerning acts ema-
nating from the continual contact of oiir forces. I understand that you have considered
it necessary to demand the withdrawal of our forces, notwithstanding the friendship
which binds us, in order to prevent friction. On this account, although I highly appre-
ciate the humane sentiments which prompt you, I do not dare allow it, without previous
explanation, for the very reason that I wish to preserve the friendship that constitutes
the welfare of both peoples.
I hope you will pardon me, as the necessity of consulting various advisers has obliged
me to delay my answer.
I am, General, with the greatest consideration, your obedient servant,
Emilio AaUINAIiDO.
The representatives of A.guinaldo who presented this communication came prepared
to argue its merits, and after considerable conversation I sent the oral reply that the
subject had been exhaustively discussed and that General Aguinaldo must withdraw
his troops from the lines designated on or before the date announced, remarking at the
same time that I would make formal reply later to certain points which he had pre-
sented in his note.
The insurgent troops were withdrawn on the afternoon and evening of October 25th,
as promised, and on October 27th the following letter was sent to Malolos, and brought
out those of November 4th and 16th, which hereinafter appear. These terminated all
official correspondence upon the subjects therein discussed :
Office United States Military Governor
IN THE Philippine Islands,
Manila, P. I., October 27, 1898.
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo,
Commanding Revolutionary Forces, Malolos, P. J.
General : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of
the 22d instant, and have awaited the result of correspondence and conferences upon
the subject of which you ti'eat.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 413
Concerning the conference of the 18th instant with your representative, Dr. Pardo de
Tavera, it resulted in an honest misunderstanding between us in one slight particular
only. The doctor very ably, by letter, submitted your wishes — one of which was the
retention of the blockhouses on the designated line. In regard to this matter, I said
I was powerless to make any concessions, and in the conversation which followed
remarked, in substance, through the interpreter, that we did not wish to occupy them,
as we did not consider them of any importance. The doctor, I can conceive, very nat^
urally misunderstood my meaning — in fact the interpreter might have done so — and
when, on the 24th instant, the doctor again called and forcibly expressed his construc-
tion of my language, I was so impressed with his earnestness and honesty of purpose
and convictions, I remarked that, although the law^ would not permit a concession, I
would not raise any objection, unles hereafter compelled to do so by my superior
authority, if your forces continued to occupy the blockhouses to the north of the Pasig
River.
I have referred to General Merritt's letter of August 20th, which you mention, and
find that it is as you state. Unfortunately, I am bound by the terms of capitulation,
which recite " the city and defenses of Manila and its suburbs." Pandacan is certainly
far within the line of defense and, from information obtained from two weighty sources,
I have been led to believe that it has, of late, been considered one of the city's suburbs,
although we have been unable to tind any Spanish decree which fixes its status with
definiteness.
In regard to the establishment of a convalescent camp for the restoration to health
of members of my command, it was my intention to consult you and arrive at an
understanding in the matter before attempting anything of the kind. I knew you
would not ofter objections if it could be so placed as not to give your people annoyance,
since it could not be in any wise a menace, but, on the contrary, would place our sick
within your power and to a certain extent under your protection. I have that confi-
dence in your humane sentiments and in the kindly impulses of your people as to
believe that you would surely consent to a measure of this character, and I think the
poorer classes of surrounding communities would be pecuniarily benefited by the small
trade that it would give rise to, as hospitals make many purchases of edible products
which your people would be glad to furnish. Should necessity arise under which I
would be forced to take action, it will be my pleasure to confer with you before proceed-
ing in the matter, and I am fully convinced that you will give assent and assistance.
Permit me, General, to assure you that I fully appreciate the difficulties under which
you labor in your endeavors to carry out the desires and demands of your people. As I
have alreadv expressed myself in former communications, I am fully convinced of your
wish to maintain harmonious relations with the United States forces and government
of Manila, and that you deplore, with me, any proceeding which may disturb that har-
mony and friendly feeling. I have been fully aware that all unpleasant incidents which
have occurred, and to whi<3h I alluded in my former letter, were due entirely to irre-
sponsible and unwarranted action of subordinates, and I am constantly called upon to
correct misconceptions entertained by my troops and to punish ofl'enses which they
have wantonly committed.
I am gratified with the success, both as concerns the interests of the Filipino people
and the United States troops, which has attended our mutual efibrts for the amicable
adjustment of afiairs, and sincerely hope that the manifested good will which now
exists by and between our forces may be long continued.
I am, General, most sincerely, your obedient servant,
E. S. Otis,
Major General U. S. V.,
United States Military Governor in the Philippines.
Revolutionary Government of the Philippines,
Presidency, Malolos, November A, 1898.
Mai. Gen. E. S. Otis,
Commander in Chief of the American Fo7'ces of Occupation at Manila.
General : In having the honor of answering your letter of the 27th of October last,
I shall make no mention of the first paragraphs of the same, because I see, with pleas-
ure, that the matter referred to in them has had a solution adj usted to your desires.
I shall limit myself only to the last paragraphs that speak of the establishment of a
camp for convalescents. Concerning this paragraph, I ought to observe that from the
moment when a concession is made of a part of the territory occupied by our forces and
a hospital is built in it, you will have to place there a force in charge to look after the
interests there created, unless it depends for security solely and exclusively upon the
guaranty offered by the laws dictated by our government.
l:ou, yourself. General, have always impressed me more than once with the fact of the
impossibility of a dual occupation of Manila, because the continual contact of your forces
and mine might give place to innumerable disagreeable incidents, if not serious and
grave conflicts, which may disturb the harmony that exists between us. I am fully
aware of the humanity you invoke in favor of the sick, but on the strength of this con-
sideration it is my sacred duty to look after millions of souls whose security and inter-
ests would be compromised if a conflict between us should ensue. The only solution
possible is to completely cede you the use of this encampment, and this, as you will under-
stand, requires some fixed basis of arrangement more concrete than can result from a
verbal one made in a conference. Besides, it is my duty to submit these conditions to
the representatives of the people.
It is not lack of confidence which obliges me to proceed in this manner; it is neces-
sity. These bases, if in the mean while a friendly convention between your government
and mine is not realized, will constitute the provisional rules that will serve as the
form for the solution of the claims that might occur.
Hosted by
Google
414 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
And, above all, these bases will contribute very much to perpetuate the friendship
that exists between us, because my people will take great care not to break them.
I am, with the greatest consideration, your attentive and obedient servant,
Emilio Aguinaldo.
Office United States Military Governor
IN THE Philippine Islands,
Manila, P. Z, November 10, 1898:
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo,
Commanding Revolutionary Force.% Malolos, P. J.
General : I received with pleasure your note of the 4th instant, and have the honor
to reply to the point you present in regard to the establishment of a convalescent camp
beyond the present line of actual occupation by the United States troops, as follows •
I am not convinced that such estabhshment will be at all necessary, and, in fact
from present indications it would appear that we shall be able to care for our sick
within the line and del\:)nses of Manila.
With regard to right of occupancy of territory, so many international questions arise
under the articles of capitulation with Spain, which the United States is in honor
bound to strictly construe and obey in all matters affecting its action, that I do not
intend to present them for determination if it can be consistently avoided, especially
not those which might demand argument and decision, such, for instance, as might
arise regarding shore lines, which rightful occupation by the United States of the bay
and harbor of Manila, with conceded rights of use for commercial purposes, miffht
involve. x- j;- , t-.
I am, General, with great respect, your obedient servant,
E. S. Otis,
Major General U. 8. V,,
United States Military Governor in the Philippines.
During the latter part of October instructions were received from Washington direct-
ing that effort be made to secure the release of members of the Spanish clergy and
religious orders who were held by the insurgent government as prisoners of war. Cor-
respondence ensued and is here given to serve as a basis for comment in a later portion
of this report. Four communications passed, of which the following are copies :
Office United States Military Governor
in the Philippine Islands,
^ ^ , Manila, P. I., November 2, 1898.
Gen. Emilo Aguinaldo,
Commariding Philippine Revolutionai^y Forces, Malolds, P. I.
General : By direction of my Government, I have the honor to present for your dis-
tinguished consideration a subject which is causing much comment and a great deal of
severe criticism of the Filipino people throughout Europe and among the very large
class of Cathohc citizens of my own country, and that is the retenti<m, as prisoners of
war, of the Spanish Catholic clergy and nuns. I believe that a vast majority of the
reports of great cruelty and barbarous treatment practiced by the Filipinos toward
individuals which have been put in general circulation are untrue. Indeed, I have for-
bidden cablegrams prepared on this subject, which I had good reason to suppose could
not be substantiated, to be sent to other countries, and I have informed the United
States authorities that many rumors of this nature in circulation throughout the civil-
.ized world were greatly exaggerated. Still, however, the facts stand out prominently
that these individuals have suffered privations and hardships, and are still held in
captivity, and fabrications charging most cruel and inhuman treatment resulting in
loss of hfe will continue to be spread abroad to the great detriment of the interest and
welfere of the Filipino people. I do not consider that I sacrificed in any particular the
confidence reposed in me by my Government in communicating to vou that it has been
requested by the Vatican at Rome and by many distinguished men high in the councils
of nations to employ its good ofiices in efforts to secure the liberty of the Spanish clergy
and of all individuals connected with rehgious orders now held in durance, among
whom are especially mentioned the Bishop of New Segovia and the nuns in the north-
western part of the island of I^uzon.
It is, of course, needless for me to present to you or the able counselors by whom you
are surrounded, and, indeed, it may be considered a presumption on my part to invite
your attention to the fact that this clergy, and, indeed, the civil functionaries of the
Spanish Government, can not under a strict interpretation of the rules of international
law, be deemed prisoners of war, except in certain very aggravated cases. It would
require most decided action on the part of members of religious orders to place them in
that category, and the seizure and retention of nuns, or interference with them in the
practice of what they consider their duties under the sacred religious vows, iw invariably
looke^^ upon with marked disfavor by all nations claiming to practice civilized warfare.
All this is well known to you, and I only allude to it to account, in a measure, for the
erroneous impressions which publicly prevail regarding the humane sentiments and
good intentions cherished by the Filipinos, and which are so damaging to them in
securing a position as a people which they seek to invoke. You will please pardon me
for this allusion, but the matter is so important to the best interests of the Filipinos
that I have taken the liberty, uninvited, to present it.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 415
Confident that you seek the welfare of your people, may I in that confidence ask you
to use your conceded influence to correct this condition of affairs and to act with me in
efforts to place these prisoners in a position which will put an end to the acrimonious
criticisms which now so widely prevail? I would be pleased to receive them here at
Manila and care for them while they make preparations to leave the country, as I am
informed many of them desire to do ; and more particularly does it appear to me as
most essential that prompt action be taken with regard to the nuns. Any traveling-
expense or cost of food required to effect their removal to this point I would be glad to
meet should you desire it. ^
I am, General, with great respect, your obedient servant,
E. S. Otis,
Major General U. S. V.,
United States Military Governor in the Philippines.
Revolutioxary Government of the Philippines,
-,^ . ^, ^^ ,, ,, PreKidenc2j, Malolos, November 3, 1898.
Maj. Gen. E. S. Otis,
Commander in Chief of American Forces of Occupation in the JPhilippincs.
Genekal: I take pleasure in acknowledging your kind communication of yester-
day's date, and I ought to t(}ll you that your observations, far from displeasing me
are very useful to me, as they are dictated by the enlightenment acquired in the
atmosphere of a free country.
I ought also to inform you, especially, that we do not make prisoners of women and
children, and much less of the nuns. If some woman or child is found among our
prisoners, it is because they are part of the family of one from whom they do not wish
to be separated, requiring us to support them at the expense of the Philippine treasury
I his detail is not foreseen in international law, but the Filipinos observe this custom'
prompted by humane sentiments. '
I am glad to hear you say that the Spanish clergy and civil officials can not be pris-
oners of war according to international law. Before answering this point allow me to
observe that we have only taken as prisoners the priests (sacerdotes religiosos) belonging
to the Bpanish clergy, and not those who live the life of monks ; and permit me to make
this point clear in order that the explanation which I have the pleasure of giving you
may be more intelligible, and so, also, that foreign public opinion may not be mistaken.
It IS true that international law declares in general that the clergy and civil officials can
not be prisoners of war, but the spirit of these very laws exclude the Spanish priests
(sacerdotes religiosos) and civil officials in the Philippines, because they (Spaniards)
alone possess the certain class of persons known by that name.
Beginning with the Spanish civil oflicials, I take the liberty of pointing out to you that
at the beginning of the declaration of war between the United States and Spain thev
were obliged by General Augustiu to bear arms, without distinction as to class, and even
before, during the first stages of the Philippine revolution, Spanish civil officials were
already formed into armed volunteer corps who, if they did not frequently go into the
field in company with the regular soldiers, shot and arrested defenseless and pacific
inhabitants in order to imprison them and submit them to indescribable torture. Be-
sides, I ought also to say that in the Spanish penal prisons and penitentiaries groan even
hundreds of prisoners and deported Filipinos who were torn away from their homes on
account of the suspicions of the old Spanish Government and thanks to the arts and
malicious customs of the priests (sacerdotes religiosos), called ministers of peace.
Kelative to the priests, or rather Spanish ''sacerdotes religiosos," I take the liberty of
laying before you the following points :
A. The religious corporations of the Philippines have acquired large agricultural
colonies by means of fraud. In olden times the Filipinos, prompted by their religion
gave a\yay a part of the products of their lands to the old priests (sacerdotes religiosos)
for their support. But in the course of time that which was prompted by spiritual
motive they made obligatory, taking possession of the lands, in order to better secure
It, and making the proprietors dependents or colonists who could not refuse paying,
because of the vengeance of the Spanish authorities, whom the said sacerdotes had in
their favor, through bribery.
B. According to the canons of the Roman Church, these priests or religious sacerdotes
can not claiin the privilege of absolving, which is solely reserved to the secular clergy,
to which the Filipino priests belong. Nevertheless, the eccleciastics, in order to be able
to exercise the duties of the parochial priests (cura parroco) in the Philippine towns,
have been cheating the Vatican and foreign public opinion, picturing these towns as
savage ranches, which require the care of Spanish religious missionaries that the natives
^^y ^P*^ return to their ancient idolatry. The B'ilipino priests who have tried to rectify
this false opinion of the Vatican relative to the religious state of the country, in order
to be obedient to the canons of the church, died martyrs, accused by the ecclesiastics of
being disturbers.
C. The same priests (sacerdotes religiosos) tried also to cheat the Spanish Govern-
ment, making It believe that they were the only upholders of Spanish sovereignty in
the Philippines, and although the Spanish authorities recognized the fraud, they did
not want to admit anything, as they were influenced by the gold of the religious corpo-
rations. These priests, exercising the right of absolving in the Philippine towns, have
been for a long time the absolute masters of the life, honor, and property of the Fili-
pinos. For this reason, it is a widely known and notorious fact, recognized by all the
foreigners who have studied Philippine afmirs, that the primary causes of the Philip-
pine revolution were the ecclesiastical corporations which, taking advantage of the cor-
rupt Spanish Government, have robbed the country, preventing progress and liberty
Hosted by
Google
416 V3REG0N VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
With these antecedents, General, you will understand that, owing to the influence
and interests of the religions corporations in the Philippines, it is neither just nor politic
to set at liberty the priests (sacerdotes religiosos). The archbishop, as well as the Span-
ish bishops in the Philippines, belong to the regular Spanish clergy, and it is not prudent
to allow them to continue ruling in these islands, as they can incite a counter revolution,
assisted by their gold and some fanatic Filipinos, who will obey their commands.
When the Filipino priests, unjustly spurned by the Vatican, have obtained the right
to appointment to the duties of bishops and parochial priests, then there will be no dan-
ger to the public tranquillity in setting at liberty the ecclesiastics. The Spanish Govern-
ment and the Pope have proven themselves ignorant of law or justice, when one deals
with their interests. For that reason the Filipinos wish to hold the civil officials in order
to obtain the liberty of the prisoners and deported Filipinos ; and the priests in order to
obtain from the Vatican the recognition of the Philppine clergy.
As a representative of the Government of the United States, I beg of you, General,
with the greatest kindness, to notify it that neither vengeance nor hate influence the
Filipinos when they hold the civil officials and Spanish ecclesiastics, but that public
interests and the peace of the Philippine people demand these measures. International
law will have to give way before the just caus^ of a country of millions of souls, because
this cause is one of humanity, civilization, and progress. My people exact these meas-
ures and I can not but comply with their will. If you. General, can interpret the senti-
ments of the people to your Government and foreign public opininon, and by this means
correct the erroneous ideas emanating from the ignorance of the true condition of the
country, you will make yourself a creditor to the gratitude of the Filipino people and
the civilized world.
I am, with the greatest consideration, your most obedient servant.
EMII.10 Agtjinaldo.
Office United States Military Governor
IN THE Philippine Islands,
Manila, P. I,, November 10, 1898.
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo,
Commanding Philippine Revolutionary Forces, Malolos, P, I.
General : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your cordial communica-
tion of the 8d instant, for which permit me to thank you, and to which my manifold
duties have denied me the pleasure of replying as promptly as I wished.
I highly appreciate your expressed desire to act for the public interests, the peace of
the Filipinos, and in accordance with the dictates of humanity, but you will pardon my
candid confession that I am unable to comprehend the force of your remark to the effect
that international law must give way before the just cailse of a country of millions of
souls because it is one of humanity. I fail to understand how the principles of that law
can be antagonistic i,n any particular to the welfare of a people, founded, as they are,
on the best interpretation of the law of nature, which the acknowledged wisdom of
ages of human progress has been able to bestow. Every independent nation claiming
advanced enlightenment professes to be bound by these obligations of that law and cer-
tainly would be held responsible by the civilized world should it openly violate them.
My previous letter contained the request of my Government tor the release of the
clergy and members of religious orders, including nuns of a certain locality reported to
be held by you as prisoners of war. Your reply informs me that you hold as such pris-
oners the Spanish priests and former civil officials, but not women and children, "much
less nuns." In regard to the latter, I must have been misinformed, for I received the
impression that thfey sought return of their personal effects, of which they have been
deprived, with permission to join their friends in this city. Your letter, however,
assures me that they have not been despoiled and possess full hberty of action to jour-
ney wheresoever they please. This information I will gladly convey to my Govern-
ment and to persons immediately interested in their welfare who have expressed
concern for their safety as regards health, life, and individual property.
In respect to the Spanish officials whom you hold as prisoners of war, you are pleased
to remark that during the first stages of the Filipino revolution they were formed into
an armed volunteer corps, were subsequently obliged to bear arms without distinction
as to class, and th^^t if they did not frequently take the field with the army of the enemy,
nevertheless shot and arrested peaceful and defenseless inhabitants. These you desire
to retain until opportunity ofi"ers to exchange them for Filipino prisoners now in the
hands of Spain. I am not conversant with the facts you narrate, and am not therefore
competent to arrive at any conclusion. It is, however, a well-established principle of
law that the chief officers of a hostile government, such as its diplomatic agents and
those who are of particular importance and use to it, become, upon capture, prisoners of
war, but I do not think that its minor officials are classed in that category, unless armed
or attached in some capacity to a hostile army for the purpose of rendering active aid.
As regards the members of the Spanish clergy I understand you to state, in substance,
that they are held prisoners of war on account of the grave offenses cpmrnitted by them
while Luzon was under the practical domination of Spain ; that they were the primary
and principal cause of the revolution which has been in progress for the past two years ;
that it is not prudent to set them at liberty, as they are disposed, and might be able, if
released, to incite a counter revolution in Spanish interests, and that they are retained
in prison not only for such reasons, but also to compel the Vatican to recognize the con-
ceded rights of the Filipino clergy, which has heretofore been denied it.
Accepting these as established facts (my knowledge is not to the contrary), the con-
clusion does not appear to follow that these members of the clergy can be considered
prisoners of war, and I can not conceive how, under the laws of war or any international
right arising from the state of belligerency existing between the Filipinos and Spain,
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 417
they can be so denominated. Nor do I understand your suggestion that the spirit of
these laws, if not their context, excludes these people from the protection which strict
interpretation bestows, whatever may have been their previous crimes. Even if these
priests belonged to religious corporations, against which the Filipinos had well-
grounded complaint for past offenses, and indeed for cruelties received at their hands ;
even if they exhorted the communities in which they resided to resist the revolutionists,
and might still do so if released ; even if they persecuted the Spanish subjects among
whom they lived, they could not be considered as prisoners of war in any sense of that
term unless captured while making armed resistance or giving active armed aid to the
enemj'.
The law of nations allows every sovereign government to make war upon another,
and concedes the right of revolution to a people greatly oppressed, but it does not admit
a violation of the rules of regular Avarfare regarding the status of persons arrested or
captured or in the treatment of prisoners of war, although they may belong to the forces
of an unjust assailant or a formerly tyrannical master.
The expressed intention of holding these Spanish priests as prisoners of war in order
to force the Vatican of Rome into certain acknowledgments with appropriate action I
can not conceive to be well founded in law, custom, or precedent, and am convinced
that such a position is untenable.
In this somewhat hasty letter, General, I have accepted all your facts for the sake of
argument, and am unable to reach your conclusion, viz, that the members of the relig-
ious orders are rightfully kept imprisoned, and that the interests of the Filipino people
demand their retention. I do not think that the views you advance would receive
favorable general acceptance, and believe therefore, in all sincerity, that the good name,
reputation, and welfare of that people would be greatly enhanced by relieving those
men from the captivity which they have so long endured.
I can only ask in conclusion that the wishes of my Government may receive more
favorable consideration than your most friendly letter indicates.
I am. General, with great respect, your obediant servant,
E. S. Otis,
Major General U. S, V.,
United States Military Governor in the Philippines.
Presidency Revolutionary Government of the Philippines,
Malolos, November 18. 1898.
To Maj. Gen. E. S. Otis,
General in Chief of the American Forces of Occupation in Manila.
General : Allow me to inform you that I have received your kind letter of the 10th
instant; begging you to pardon the tardiness with which I answer, because of my many
occupations.
I highly appreciate your desire to intercede for the liberty of the Spanish civil offi-
cials and the priests, and be assured that if well-founded reasons did not exist in order
to retain them, always attentive to the laws of humanity and agreeing with the princi-
ples that regulate the relations of independent states, I would not have given you occa-
sion to make in their favor the petition that elevates you so much.
In my last letter I have advanced the reasons which I have convinced myself justi-
fies me in considering as prisoners of war said employes and ecclesiastics. Neverthe-
less, you attempt to depreciate the force of my arguments, relative to which I beg of
you to kindly favor me by listening to my answer.
You say in your letter that in virtue of the principles of a right well established the
chief employes of a hostile government, as well as diplomatic agents and those that
render services of a particular importance, can be considered as prisoners of war; but
that you do not think mere employes can be classified in said category unless they are
armed or in some way attached to a hostile army for the purpose of lending their active
aid. And in view of this assertion, coming from a person so competent, I can not do
less than congratulate myself, for in that statement you recognize as justified the prin-
cipal reasons that 1 uphold in retaining as prisoners the civil employes as well as the
priests.
Admitting that principle, it must be confessed that it is strictly in conformity with
my conduct if it is admitted (an undeniable fact) that the civil employes, as well as the
regular priests (parrocos), not only supported in an active way those who combated
against the Filipino revolutionists, but also personally took up arms in order to fight
against them.
I have already said in my last letter that the decree of General Augustin of the 23d of
last April obliged not only the employes of the state and municipality to take up arms
but also the Spaniads born here, and that in the first epoch of the Filipino revolution
they formed armed volunteer corps which, while guarding the towns, made arrests,
tortured the prisoners, executed defenseless citizens, or joined the regular soldiers to
fight against the revolutionists. General, read carefully the local papers from the time
the revolution began and you will see there the proof of what I say. The pages of said
papers are indisputable evidence of the military services rendered by the civil employes
of the Spanish Government and the compensation received by them as a premium for
their services. With these antecedents is there room for the least argument that the
Spanish civil employes should not be held as prisoners of war?
The same, if not worse, can be said of the priests. The latter, degrading their office,
transformed from servants of the Lord to feudal lords and supported by the Spanish
Government, were absolute masters of the lives, lands, and honor of the Filipinos.
At the beginning of the revolution they did not discharge the duties of ministers of
peace or preach gentleness or Christian charity, but, profaning their sacred mission,
they made themselves the police of the Spanish Government, false denouncers of inno-
cent citizens.
27
Hosted by
Google
418 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
It seems incredible that those who should raise their prayers to stop so much cruelty
and infamy committed by the Spanish Government, those who should give themselves
over to reclusion and mortitication and penance for so much crime, were precisely those
who took part in the affairs, and with base insinuations, with infamous accusations
and ideas of vengeance, increased more and more the pyre of the dead, and the defam-
atory charges through which were sacrificed precious and innocent lives and the honor
of many citizens.
Again, vengeance does not move me in treating these ecclesiastics as prisoners of
war. I conform to the principles of international law advanced hy yourself, for, apart
from the abuses committed by the priests, to which T have referred in my last letter, and
the facts that I add in my present one, you are informed that they have taken up arms
against the revolution; as, for example, the priests (parrocos) of ihe town of Li pa,
province of Batangas, who made themselves leaders of volunteer corps. In Manila,
during the seige of the town by your forces, all the ecclesiastics, organized and uni-
formed, formed a part of the municipal armed guard, and all of them you may be Sure
have lent their directive and effective cooperation to the forces that fought against the
Filipinos, not only maintaining at their expense armed bodies, but acconipanying them
in their expeditions as well as inciting them to battle.
The consents have been the most impregnable defenses, where the Spanish combat-
ant, together with the priests, shielded themselves in order to attack the revolutionists,
and this government preserves quite a number of muwkcts taken from the ecclesiastics.
Therefore, the principle which you mention can be applied to them, and it follows in
consequence that they should be treated as privsoners of war — the more so if all their
civil attributes are taken into consideration. There is reason, therefore, to class them
in the category of chief employes or those rendering service of special importance.
The principles of international law sustained by the most noted authors were taken
into account by me when I treated as pi:isoners of war civil employes and the priests.
Jiore, Martens, Bluntschli, and others, hold that all persons, though not forming a part
of the arraiy, but who follow it to perform their pacific functions, can be held as prisoners
of war. I only exempt the hospital personnel, according to the Geneva convention, pro-
vided that they take no active part in the war ; and the Spanish-American encyclopedia
says : "All those who form part of the enemy's forces, whether they are regular troops
or militia, all those who accompany armies on their expeditions, the newspaper corre-
spondents, providers, even the civil officials, can be made prisoners,"
Besides, retort (represalias) is a right admitted by the most cultured nations as a
penal power to be exercised by one of the belligerents with respect to the other when the
latter violates the rules or laws generally accepted ; or as a sanction in the sense that by
it the represalia can require the enemy to fulfill his duties.
In virtue of the right of retort, during the war of North American independence, the
great Washington, to avenge the shooting of an American colonel, a prisoner in the
hands of the English, deemed beyond the rules of war the English Colonel Argyll, a
prisoner hteld by the Americans. Thanks to the intervention of the Queen of France,
the order was not executed. In virtue of the same right, the German generals in the
war of 1870 ordered the houses in which their soldiers had been treacherously attacked
to be fired and destroyed.
If there were then no international rules to justify the retention of the civil officials
and priests as prisoners of war, could not we Filipinos, not even considered belligerents
by the other nations, invoke the right of retort in order to secure measures obliging the
Spanish Government to grant the liberty of many Filipinos (prisoners for political rea-
sons) and check their barbarous methods of torturing and shooting the lovers of liberty
and independence of their country ?
This is the reason why, in my last letter, I said that international law would have to
give way before the just cause of a country of millions of souls, because this cause is
one of humanity, civilization, and progress.
It is far from my intention, in making this assertion, to show you that in retaining
as prisoners, the persons in whose liberty you are interested, I cite international law
only when attending to the desires of my people, because I have well demonstrated that
in taking this determination I have really been guided by those laws, at least when
they do not greatly prejudice the welfare of my people, I have only wanted to say that
in many cases the principles of international law, generally observed by the most
cultured of nations, must conform to existing circumstances in the interest of a people
who bewail the violation of those laws. For this reason it is understood that the most
civilized nations recognize the right of retort. Thus also, General, when I tell you that
the Filipino people desire to hold as prisoners the civif officials in order to obtain the
release of the deported Filipinos and their priests, and in order to obtain from the
Vatican the rights of the Philippine clergy, I have not wished to defend the measures
adopted on that ground alone, when other well founded principles justify my conduct.
I have only wished to indicate that at the opportune moment, notwithstanding the
motives previously advanced, liberty can be granted to these prisoners without the dis-
pleasure of the people.
I should like to see that moment arrive as soon as possible, to demonstrate to you
my liveliest sympathy for the fulfillment of your desires, which to-day I am impeded
from meeting for well understood reasons.
The Philippine people, who aspire to a life of liberty and independence, have not
deserved from the civilized nations, not even the United States, at least until the present
time, the recognition of their rights in the War against Spain. They have the glory of
having complied with the rules reqtiired to be observed by belligerent powers, and
nothing can be said to the contrary. I have no doubt, General, that having given your
noble impulses and cultured judgment and sympathy to my country you will know
how to interpret the sentiments of this letter before your Government and the civilized
world, and to justify my conduct in holding as prisoners of war the civil officials and
the priests.
I close this letter, begging you to pardon the trouble its perusal will cause you.
I remain, your most respectful servant,
Emilio Aguinaldo.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 419
The last reply, and possibly the first, was drawn by Aguinaldo's attorney general, a
person of excellent legal attainments, who is now serving as one of the United States
judges in the court of the audiencia, and was considered unanswerable by the Malolos
Government. It received newspaper publication at Malolos and here in Manila. An
answer was drafted in part, but never delivered. It recited the fact that the discussion
of the subject had reached proportions never contemplated ; that I was not authorized
to intercede for the release of the civil officials, and that my requests had been limited
to priests or members of religious orders, and further remarked as follows :
A reference to the correspondence will show that my expressed desires are limited
strictly to requests of that character, and in reference to them you have been good
enough to inform me that of the classes of persons named you hold as prisoners of war
only the Spanish clergy, permitting full freedom of action to all female members of
religious institutions.
The announcement of that portion of your policy which affects nuns, or women who
are devoting their services to the interest of church and benevolent societies, was re-
ceived with satisfaction and has disarmed, to a certain extent, the hostile critics who
have proclaiiTied that the revolutionary forces were imposing barbarous treatment on
inhabitants in Luzon whom they retained in captivity. Appreciating this sentiment, I
was pleased to assure one of the good ladies of the church. Dona Sista del Ilosario of the
33ominicans, who called for an expression of my opinion as to whether she could make
a contemplated journey to the province of Cagayan for the relief of certain nuns, that
she would not experience any dithculty in so doing, as their movements were entirely
optional with themselves and would not be interfered with.
Returning now to the subject of my Government's request, viz, that which concerns
priests. You are pleased to quote from my letter of November 10th, not however the
language employed, but as understood by you, doubtless, and to apply it in aid of your
argument for their retention. The meaning of my language is very different from, that
which you believed it to convey. My remark referred strictly to civil officials, was only
a passing brief attention given to one which your former letter contained, and had
nothing whatever to do with any other class of individuals. I said that it was "a well
established principle of law that the chief officers of a hostile government, such as its
diplomatic agents and those who were ot particular importance and use to it, became
upon capture, prisoners of war," not its minor officials, unless armed or attached in
some capacity to a hostile army, etc. I had not then, nor have I now, the impression
that the priests could be classed as important civil officials of the Spanish Government,
nor as minor civil officers armed as soldiers or attached to the Spanish hostile army
warring against the insurgent forces in the field.
Formerly, as you are aware, a lawful prisoner of war was an active combatant
secured by capture or through surrender. In these later times the class has been greatly
enlarged, and embraces members of the sovereign family, ministers and diplomatic
agents of a government, and persons of importance at particular moments, though sep-
arate from the mass of combatants. This extension is due to the fact that no great
hardships should now attend the lot of a prisoner of war, while his detention may help
to defeat the military operations of the enemy or assist those of the army making the
arrest.
With an army in the field pursuing active hostilities, the laws of war permit civilians
accompanying it to be taken and held as prisoners temporarily and while their services
may be of benefit to that army. The termination of hostilities should put an end to the
period of imprisonment. So with the priests. If their confinement as prisoners of war
was ever lawful, further detention can hardly be j ustifled on the ground that it will
assist your revolutionary government, or that release will injure it, unless, possibly,
you apprehend determined hostility thereto, manifesting itself in dangerous demon-
strations on the part of the people who may be governed by their prejudices or spirit of
revenge, for it is understood to be the desire of the priests to return to Spain and not
linger in these islands longer than is abs^olutely necessary; and it is conceded, I pre-
sume, that, removed from the country, they will be powerless to aid Spain in its further
efforts to crush what it is pleased to denominate a formidable rebellion. The plea that,
you hold them to effect an exchange for priests of Philippine nativity and to compel
certain recognition of principles by the Vatican at Rome is not well founded. The
imprisoned native priests were probably state prisoners when Spain held acknowledged
control of the islands and before rebellion had raised its front. The pacification, too,
which terminated in the agreement or so-called treaty of Biac-na-bato may have set at
rest all questions arising in the cases of prisoners captured during the rebellion of 1896.
For an army to seize members of the clergy and hold them as prisoners of war for the
purposes of effecting the release and return of certain civilians, placed in captivity long
before that army or the government to which it belongs had an existence, must be con-
sidered a novel proceeding. To seize Spanish citizens, whatever their offenses, and hold
them as prisoners of war to compel certain action by the Vatican of Rome is most
assuredly indefensible under any circumstances.
The war doctrine of "retort" which you introduce in your argument can not be
applied, and you certainly do not wish to be understood as contending that you would
be justified in shooting friars, whom you hold as prisoners of war, simply because
Spanish subjects tried and convicted under the forms of law were executed, etc.
As stated, this answer was not served, as I had been reliably informed that Agui-
naldo contemplated, or had promised Influential Filipinos to release the minor civil offi-
cials, but that the temper of the people was such that he could not let go the members
of the religious orders held in captivity. I also had an impression that he would not
Hosted by
Google
420 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
keep his reported promise with regard to the Spanish ofhcials, but intended to hold
them for certain purposes, the chifefest of which were to secure large money considera-
tions and European action tending to the recognition of his government. I therefore
informed the War Department that efforts to obtain the release of the Spanish clergy
were unavailing. The course which has since been pursued by the insurgent authori-
ties has confirmed the correctness of the impressions which were received at that time.
The general allusions made in former portions of this report to the action taken by
the United States authorities which the private rights or the former privileges and obli-
gations enjoyed by or imposed upon the inhabitants while under Spanish administra-
tion, do not show the true significance of that action in many essential particulars.
Manila is the capital of territory having seven or eight millions Of people. The dif-
ferent islands and in some instances the different provinces of the same island are
dependent upon each other for the necessaries of life. Certain sections of the country
confine their industries for the most part to the cultivation of rice, others to tobacco, or
to hemp or sugar, or the raising of live stock, and exchanging these products in a great
degree for articles of consumption or other necessaries, which are conveyed in light-
draft vessels to the numerous towns and villages which are situated on the five thou-
sand miles or more of island coast. The hemp, sugar, and tobacco districts must have
rice, and that in kind becomes the medium of exchange for their products. Little
money is used or needed. The merchants of these towns and villages receive the prin-
cipal product of the district for the merchandise sold to the inhabitants and barter the
products of other districts for it. The great center of the island trade is Manila, and
trade is controlled and conducted mostly by Europeans — the Chinamen, however,
looking carefully after its retail features. The closing of the port of Manila, or a radical
change in the restrictions or regulations under which this trade is carried on, would
seriously affect the inhabitants of the islands, and the business interests of the large
merchants who are also the exporters of the native products.
Under present social conditions as affected by the special industries of particular
sections, it is possible, by completely interdicting inter-island commerce, to reduce to
great individual suffering the mass of the inhabitants, as well as to seriously impair the
large European or foreign business capital which has been invested here for commercial
purposes. As has been stated, the surrender of Manila threw into the possession of the
United States for control, not only the municipal affairs of the city, but the commerce,
the shipping, and a large share of the trade revenues of the Philippines, with power to
modify at its pleasure the regulations by which that trade has been conducted. The
orders of the President wisely directed in efitect a continuance of late prevailing customs
duties, with very slight modifications, and the. public interests demand that relief
should be extended to the people of the islands through the resumption of trade. These
modifications, however, slight as they were and unavoidable under the circumstances,
were the sources of grievances on the part of individual merchants, which they pre-
sented through the consuls of their governments or in person. The least change in the
former tariff schedule affected those who were stocked or those who wished to import
merchandise, and gave competitors unfair advantages. Many had bought goods in
Spain at high market rates for the purpose of securing the Spanish trade privileges on
home products, and were unable to have delivery made in Manila on account of the
war. They therefore asked to have the Spanish trade privileges extended to these
special goods to avoid the great pecuniary loss which they must otherwise suffer.
Repeated requests of this character occasioned a great deal of correspondence, and the
concession of September 29th was thereupon granted, which was to the effect that all
such goods as might be entered prior to November 10th, the date upon which the
amended tariff regulations were to go into effect, might, upon due proof of facts, be
admitted under the old Spanish customs rules. Even this concession did not meet the
merchants' demands, and they contended for a longer time in which to present their
goods, but had to be denied after fruitless argument by both parties in interest.
The United States had not only assumed charge of the customs regulations of the
islands, but also of all fiscal matters. General Greene, and subsequently General Whit-
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 421
tier, was appointed to the position of intendente general de hacienda, which was really
the office of the colonial minister of finance, and although their duties were limited in
orders to "the supervision of tlie fiscal affairs of the government of Manila," they were
obliged to consider those of a general character quite extensively, such as importation
and internal revenue. The colonial treasury has been surrendered, and its administra-
tion involved questions of local and general import. The funds of both the city, the
island, the peninsular government, the money deposits of private individuals guaran-
teeing faithful performance of local and other contracts were merged beyond possibility
of segregation. The laws, however, could not be considered to impose obligations upon
any of the inhabitants of the islands living outside of territory in the rightful possession
of the United States, however they might he applied to residents of Manila, There was
a dual occupation of this office of intendente general, as Spanish officials still considered
those fiscal matters which related to the business of the islands in which Manila was not
concerned. To avoid unnecessary complications and also to simplify administration,
the office was placed in temporary suspension and all fiscal matters supervised from the
office of the military governor. The bureau of internal revenue, like the customs, as
soon as taken possession of by the United States officers, presented perplexing questions.
The sources of revenue and the proper administration of funds depended upon numer-
ous Spanish decrees extending over a long period of years. It received moneys which
belonged to the funds of the city, executed the stamp laws, the industrial tax regula-
tions, and looked after the issuing of personal cedulas to the inhabitants of the islands,
etc. As soon as the office was established the residents of the city began to tender the
periodical payments. The question as to what character of taxes should be collected by
the United States came up for consideration. Back taxes were paid in and refundnaents
or credits on prior payments requested. In answer to questions subnaitted by the col-
lector of internal revenue, the following specific instructions were given and show the
nature of difficulties presented :
Office of MiiiiTABY Secretakt,
Manila, P. J., September 15, 1898.
Maj. R. B. C. Bement, U. S. V.,
Collector of Internal Revenue, Manila, P. I.
Sib : I am directed by the military governor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter
of September 14th, with inclosed exhibit of cash received by you since the 26th ultimo.
He directs me to say, in answer to your question as to whether you shall receive the
railroad tax or not, that he is not convinced that the United States Government has the
right to collect it. It was a tax imposed by the general Spanish Philippine Government
for services performed in the island of Luzon.
The United Siates have rightful occupation of the city of Manila and its defenses
only. Under the prevailing armistice they have no right to impose taxes for services
performed in any other part of the world. This tax, being a provincial or colonial tax,
makes it doubtful if it comes within the taxes which can be paid to the present author-
ities of the city of Manila. The Spanish governor stationed at Iloilo, who has jurisdic-
tion over all portions of the Philippine Islands not in the actual rightful possession of
the United States, might be able to raise a good legal point should we accept this rail-
road tax. Further consideration will be given to the question.
The nciilitary governor directs me further to say that as regards our right to issue the
old personal cedula he is also in doubt, as he is not aware what privileges it conferred
upon the person to whom it was granted ; that he has been told that it was in the nature
of a passport, permitting the holder to journey in all portions of the islands. Such
authority the United States can not give, so that any cedula issued by us would not be
of value to the party to whom issued. It would merely be evidence of personal identifi-
cation, giving the right to remain in and travel about the city of Manila or through the
territory over which the United States holds sway. If he is incorrect in his impressions
please inform him.
For these and other reasons (one of which is the dislike exhibited by the inhabitants
to the cedula tax) he has not thought it consistent with good policy to issue the cedula
Very respectfully,
Henry C. Cabbli.,
Military Secretary.
Office of the Military Secretary,
Manila, P. I., September 21, 1898.
Maj. R. B. C. Bement, U. S. V.,
Collector of Customs and Internal Revenue, Manila, P. I.
Sib : I am directed to acknowledge the I'eceipt of your communication of the 19th
instant with inclosures (the inclosures I herewith return), and to state in reply that the
only policy which can be pursued under the present American administration of this city
Hosted by
Google
422 OKEGON VOLUNTEEKS IN SPANISH WAR.
is to refuse to consider all claims wbich wei-e pending, treating them as claims against the
Snanish Government, in which we are not interested. As a consequence of this policy
we must to be consistent, ignore all debts due to the Spanish Government prior to
occupancy whether in the nature of taxes or otherwiwse. We retain all moneys and
secunties found in the Spanish treasury at the inception of occupation as the property
of the pubUc enemv, and do not acknowledge the validity of any liens which the former
subiects of Spain (whose present status is that of Spanish citizens with citizenship held
in abeyance) mav submit for requested adjustment. In pursuance of that poUcy the
answer to the first question submitted by you must be, "Yes ; only received taxes which
have accrued since August 13th." ^ ^ ,x ^- *i *• ^ ^v.
The answer to the second question is, '^Yes; refund taxes tor the portion of the quar-
ters prior to August 13th, and retain taxes which have accrued since that date."
To the third question the answer is, "No." Parties who have paid taxes to the Span-
ish Government may possibly have a claim against the Spanish Government, but cer-
tainlv not against the United States Government. Money in the treasury at the time it
was surrendered to the United States is public money and can not be returned in hqui-
dation of Spanish indebtedness, whatever the nature of that indebtedness.
You will not make any refundments in any instance except from money actually
j'giggjYed by yon.
To the fourth question the answer is contained in answers already made.
The fifth query is met in the second answer. „ , , ^ . ^
To be plain the collector of internal revenue should refund only from money received
by him. Money covered into the Spanish treasury by Spanish officials, for whatever
purpose or from whatever source, must remain there.
By command of Major General Otis. Henby C. Cabem.,
Military Secretary,
Inquiries were being continually presented from this department of public affairs,
which necessitated the labor of discovering and translating a great many Spanish
decrees by which the department was affected. The question of issuing the cedula, from
which an annual revenue of $4,000,000 had been received, and which was one of the chief
grievances presented by the Filipinos against the Spanish Government because of its
cost, was long considered, and was finally requested by the inhabitants, as it furbished
the simplest means of personal identification, provided it could be given for a money
consideration not burdensome. It was therefore issued to applicants, numbering over
sixty thousand, at a rate sufficient to pay all expenses connected with the issuing of the
same. It was eagerly sought by the people and was a source of great satisfaction. This
department, too, was so closely connected with the administration of strictly municipal
affairs (since it Collected a considerable share of the city revenue) as to present compli-
cations. The city revenue came from more than twenty different sources, including
urban taxes collected at the office of internal revenue, ten per cent of the amounts col-
lected for port, harbor, and light dues, etc.
Until 1894 the municipality, strictly speaking, consisted of the walled town, and was
then extended to embrace the adjacent surrounding villages, such as Ermita, Malate,
Binondo, and others, which had previously been granted a certain abridged independent
control of its public affairs. The royal decree of January, 1894, under which this change
was brought about, pretended to recognize to a certain extent the clannish or tribal, or
rather family, hereditary customs which enter into the public affairs of all Filipino
village communities, but had little weight in the formation of the new government.
The entire city was divided into eleven districts, and a considerable number of the city
oflacers were made elective under stringent ballot regulations.
The Governor General, however, appointed to the most responsible positions, and
had the power of absolute veto on all actions of the municipal council, so that in fact
the city continued to be, as formerly, under quasi-military administration. Should the
prescribed sources of revenue fail to furnish the necessary public funds, the council
might seek others from which to draw, and upon approval of its recommendations by
the Governor General that certain new features of taxation be introduced, they w^ere at
once applied. A reestablishment of this so-called city government by the United States
was an impossibility, even if the spirit of the inhabitants had made it prudent. There-
fore complete control of not only the police of the city, but of all its municipal affairs
was intrusted to the provost marshal general. He was directed to deposit in the general
treasury, as was also the officer of internal revenue, all funds received from any source
whatsoever, and to draw on the public treasury for moneys to cover the necessary city
expenditures. The accompanying reports of the provost marshal general and the
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 423
collector of internal revenue explain the constitution and workings of these respective
departments.
The subject of Chinese inimigration had to be considered very soon after occupation.
Many of this class of inhabitants had retired to China during the three years of political
agitation which had preceded the surrender of Manila. Now, when the United States
took possession and a more stable government was predicted, they sought to return.
Large numbers, too, who had never resided in the Philippines endeavored to enter, in
order to take advantage of the reviving trade facilities anticipated. Notwithstanding
the many thousands who had permanently settled in the islands, who, as residents,
were conducting large business enterprises, a great share of the retail trade in the
larger cities, the minor exchanges in merchandise carried on between the outlying
towns and villages, and who were extensively employed to perform the more arduous
and exhausting kinds of manual labor; notwithstanding the very marked strain of
Chinese blood noticeable in a fair proportion of the native inhabitants, showing con-
siderable consanguineous relationships, the old hereditary race prejudice was still active
and continually manifested itself in illegal and oftentimes bloody demonstrations.
The Filipino is by nature an agriculturist ; the Chinaman a trader not burdened by a
troublesome conscience when seeking the profits of traffic. The former is more or less
indolent in normal conditions. The latter is ever on the alert for individual pecuniary
gain, is more than a match for the Filipino when any business relationship is estab-
lished betv/een them and is apt to pay for the advantages he acquires by subsequent
robbery and oftentimes murder. Pursuing his avocation through the country as an
insignificant trader carrying his pack of goods, he is considered by the more unruly
classes of Filipinos of a desirable object for sequestration and often disappears forever
by some means unknown to relatives and friends. Still, he persistently confronts all
these personal dangers, obedient to his mastering desire to acquire money. Under
Spanish rule the Chinese residents controlled the opium trade, secured the greater share
of the profits from legalized gambling which was extensively prosecuted throughout the
islands, were the winners in lawful raffling, and were close seconds to the Filipinos in
the business enterprises attending the licensed occupation of cockfighting.
Not only was this active race enmity and the unfortunate existing conditions which
were more or less in consequences giving trouble, but the Chinamen themselves were
divided into warring factions. By the larger faction the acting Chinese consul was
accused of taking advantage of his consular powers by exacting payments of money for
his individual profit. The consul thereupon asked permission to discipline his refrac-
tory countrymen and to deport in his discretion those whom he miight discover to
belong to the criminal classes.
After due consideration of the perplexing questions which presented themselves upon
the opening of the port of Manila in this matter of Chinese immigration, the conclusion
was reached that the application of the United States statutes controlling such immi-
gration to United States territory furnished the best solution, and therefore within the
month succeeding our occupation the following instructions were issued :
The laws of the United States, which prohibit the entrance of Chinese, will be enforced
here.
The exceptions are :
Chinese laborers, skilled or unskilled, formerly resident in Manila and temporarily
absent therefrom, will be allowed to return upon proper proof of such previous resi-
dence, which may be made by presentation of a Spanish cedula or certificate of the
American consul, of the port from which the returning Chinese have sailed.
The closest scrutiny of such cedulas and certificates is enjoined, and in doubtful cases
the collector of this port will require them to be supported by additional proof, and no
Chinaman, of whatever nationality, will be permitted by him to land except upon con-
clusive proof of previous residence.
There will be exempted from the above restrictions the parties named in article 3 of
the convention between the United States of America and the Empire of China, pub-
lished in supplement to the Revised Statutes of the United States, volume 2, pages 153-7,
to wit: Chinese officials, teachers, students, merchants, or travelers for curiosity or
pleasure. The coming of those classes of Chinese will be permitted upon the production
of a certificate from their Government or the government where they last resided, visaed
by the diplomatic or consular representative of the United States in the country or port
whence they depart, supplemented by such further proof as is required in section 6 of
an act of Congress, approved July 5, 1884.
Hosted by
Google
424 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
All Chinese entering this port shall register at the office of the Chinese consul or
consular agent.
It is also directed that the following regulations shall govern the return to this port
of Chinese laborers, skilled or unskilled, residents of Manila, who leave this port after
this date.
Every such Chinese laborer will, before his departure from this port, report to the
collector of customs or his deputy, who will enter in a registry, to be kept for that
purpose, the name of such laborer, his age, occupation, physical marks or peculiarities,
and such other facts as may be deemed necessary for the purpose of identification.
Said collector or his deputy will furnish to every such departing Chinese laborer a
certificate to be signed by said collector or his deputy, which certificate shall wset forth
all the facts shown by the registry book above mentioned, corresponding with said
registry in all particulars.
The certificate herein provided for shall entitle such Chinese laborer to whom the
same is issued to return and reenter this port upon producing and delivering the same
to the collector of customs of said port, and said certificate shall be the only evidence
permissible to establish his right to reentry, but said certificate may be controverted
And the facts therein disproved by the United States authorities. Upon delivering such
certificate by such Chinese laborer to the collector of customs at the time of reentry into
this i>ort said collector shall cause the same to be filed in the customhouse and duly
canceled.
These instructions are still practiced substantially — the only modifications made
consisting in methods of application — and the orders which have been issued by the
War Department since their date have confirmed thein. The action taken by the
United States and Chinese governments in changing the consular representative of the
latter has resulted in quieting very materially the complaints of the resident Chinese
against each other, although an occasional one is submitted. The conditions of these
residents and their evident interest in a stable government to enable them to practice
their natural trading propensities, also the utter absence of any patriotic sentiment by
Which they could possibly be animated, renders the conduct of many of them anoma-
lous. Within our military lines they are ardent friends of the Americans, and, beyond,
a good many are apparently active insurgents. They fill subordinate positions in the
insurgent army, and one of the ablest insurgent general oflacers is a Chinaman, but his
chief occupation appears to be to look carefully after the finances within the territory
of his sphere of action. They have performed a great deal of the vast amount of
manual labor expended in the construction of the insurgent intrenchments which are
encountered by our army wherever it is called upon to operate, but under impressment,
doubtless, as they seize every ox)portunity to escape insurgent domination, provided
they are not restrained by their individual property interests.
Allusion is made in a former portion of this report to the difficulties encountered in
reestablishing satisfactory civil tribunals. It is there asserted that "the civil court
justices vacated their positions and gradually sailed for Spain without giving notice of
their intention to depart." Before this happened there had been a few interesting inci-
dents connected with the opening of the courts by the Spanish j udges without previous
consultation with the military authorities, which excited the inhabitants of the city,
who submitted strong protests. The provost marshal general therefore was directed to
close the minor civil tribunals and the court of the first instance — a court with j urisdic-
tion coextensive with the territorial limits of a province. There was also in session the
court of the a.udiencia, or the supreme court of the islands, having appellate jurisdic-
tion exclusively. The chief justice, whose court was empowered by Spanish decree to
sit in the city of Manila only, claimed the right to hold court and to at least administer
upon cases aflTecting inhabitants not resident in the city, independent of United States
authority, and also argued its right to determine cases, both civil and criminal, which
were pending on appeal prior to United States occupation. In submitting his request
or demand, he asked for a personal interview, and the following reply was returned :
Office of the Military Goveenojr,
Manila y P. I., September ^5, 1898.
Hon. Sbkvando P. Victoria,
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines.
Sir : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 21st
instant, a translation of which is now before me. Replying thereto, 1 beg to inform
your honor that so much of your communication as is devoted to the discussion of the
question of continuance under military government, such as has been established in the
city of Manila by the United States, of the local courts of the country alnd of the civil
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 425
laws (municipal), has received the consideration which its importance merits, and to
say further that the views expressed by you in the main have my concurrence.
*But while it is true, as pointed out by your honor, that under the conditions noted
the generally accepted rule under international law is that all civil law continues to
take'its usual course in places and territory under military government, and is usually
administered by the ordinary tribunals substantiallj^ as before the establishment of the
military government ; it is likewise true, and I am sure will be admitted by your honor,
that these laws continue in force and the local courts continue in the exercise of their
jurisdiction only with the sanction of the occupying belligerent, which may, for cause
deemed sufficient by it, suspend the same or wholly supersede them. Upon the estab-
lishment of military government at this place, it was decreed by my predecessor that
"municipal laws (the term 'municipal laws' being used in its broader sense and in con-
tradistinction to the term 'international law'), such as affect private rights of persons
and property, regulate local institutions, and provide for the punishment of crime, shall
be considered as continuing in force so far as compatible with the purposes of military
government, and that they be administered through the ordinary tribunals substan-
tially as before occupation, but by officers appointed by the government of occupation."
(See paragraph 3 of proclamation, dated August 14, 1898.)
The effect of this provision was to suspend operation of your court, and other courts
of subordinate jurisdiction sitting at Manila, until reorganized in accordance with its
requirements, and it is not understood how this unequivocal language could be mis-
understood.
I am informed that the provisions of the proclamation above quoted was inserted
after mature deliberation, and that there was understood to exist a necessity for the
restriction placed upon the exercise of jurisdiction by your honor's court, and by the
subordinate courts heretofore referred to, in the then condition of the public mind
toward these tribunals.
Whether it is now necessary to continue the restrictions heretofore placed upon the
operations of the courts named is a question which I have at present under consid-
eration. The assurance contained in your letter to the effect that the supreme court
presided over by you and the subordinate courts "considered themselves obliged to
cooperate with their continual functions to the better realization of a service which the
army of occupation of your excellency's command took charge of," is a most important
consideration in relieving me of such doubts as have arisen. I am very desirous that
the judiciary shall resume its custonriary jurisdiction, provided that adequate assurance
can be had that the exercise of such jurisdiction shall not in any way tend to defeat or
obstruct the operations of the established government and will not result in a wide-
spread discontent and dissatisfaction among the great majority of the people subject to
the military government, thereby creating greater difficulties and hardships than those
pointed out in your communication, and which it is your desire as well as my own to
mitigate.
I beg to assure you that the questions raised by you shall have my earnest attention,
and to the end that a complete understanding may be brought about and the purpose
we both have in view may be advanced as rapidly as possible. I shall be pleased to
appoint an interview with you in my office when informed of the time that will be most
convenient for your honor to respond to such an invitation.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. S. Otis,
Major General^ U. S. V., Military Governor.
Several conferences followed ; also interviews with leading Filipino lawyers, and the
result was the order of October 7th, set out in a former portion of this report, by which
the courts were permitted to resume the exercise of all civil jurisdiction conferred by
Spanish laws, but not criminal jurisdiction of any nature. The permitted use of these
abridged functions was not satisfactory to the Spanish judges, and their courts were
gradually closed, depriving citizens of temporary legal process in their business trans-
actions, which in a few instances was desired, except in so far as they obtained remedy
through the military governor's office.
All citizens charged with crimes and misdemeanors were in the mean time brought
before military commissions and provost courts, which were occasionally instructed, in
order that they might meet varying conditions as occasion demanded. These military
tribunals have worked very satisfactorily and have been acceptable to the inhabitants
because of conceded just administration and celerity of action. Even now since the
reestablishment of the civil courts they transact a large amount of business, as civil
jurisdiction does " not extend to and include crimes and offenses committed by citizens
of or persons sojourning within the Philippine Islands, which are prejudicial to mili-
tary administration and discipline, except by authority specially conferred by the mili-
tary governor."
The surrendered Spanish treasury, in which the deposit safes and vaults had been
carefully examined and contents correctly inventoried by a board of officers appointed
for that purpose, the members of which returned thereto all former contents and
securely sealed the sanae to await the determination of the question of rightful pos-
session of contents, gave a good deal of annoyance on account of the numerous applica-
Hosted by
Google
426 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
tiOns of private individuals for the return to them of money, bonds, or other securities
which they had deposited voluntarily as investments or in exf^hange for Spanish bonds
never received, or to guarantee the specific performance of contracts which they had
entered into with the city and provisional governments. The treasurj^ books showed
many special individual deposits in money and many special deposits of bonds, some
of which were properly designated when placed in the Spanish vaults, so that owner-
ship could be readily determined. The money which individuals claimed that they had
deposited, if received and retained, had been merged into the general fuhd, and together
with the claimed bonds would have exceeded in amount probably all the money and
paper securities which the treasury contained. The correspendence between these indi-
viduals and the military authorities was volaminous. The conclusions reached are
shown in the following communications :
Office Unitej) States Mtt.ttaky Governor
IN THE Philippine Islands,
Manila, JP, I., October 6, 1898,
Mr. JOSE'DE GtTRENA,
Attorney for Dr, Francisco Sainz, Manila, P. I.
Sir : The military governor directs me to acknowledge the receipt of your communi-
cation of a few days since (which is apparently without date), in which you request the
return to your client of certain moneys deposited by him in the Spanish treasury at
Manila, etc., which were to be held in trust by the Spanish Governmenx as security for
the specific performance of certain contracts which he had entered into with the govern-
ment of that country.
In reply, I am directed to return the copies of contracts submitted by you, and to
state that your client appears to have a claim against the Spanish Government for
moneys deposited, but none against the Government of the United States.
All funds which came into the possession of the United States upon the surrender of
the city of Manila and its defenses on August 18th last, were surrendered as public funds,
and were turned over to the United States under articles of capitulation requiring that
"all funds in the Spanish treasury and all nublic funds shall be turned over to the
authorities of the United States." As you are" evidently aware, there is no requirement
of international law to the efl'ect that funds, the title to which is vested in the United
States by capture, shall be distributed among such persons as have pecuniary claims
against the country from which the funds w^ere captured. The contracts made by and
between your client and the Spanish Government evidently rest in suspension by reason
of "the s^Gt of the public enemy," and may be revived in full force upon the cessation of
United States military occupation and return of the territory occupied to Spain. The
military government holds as a legal proposition that a Spanish subject (with citizen-
ship in temporary abeyance) can not have, either in equity or law, a lien uponmoneys
surrendered by the Spanish Government as its public funds. They came into the pos-
session of the United States wholly unincumbered and title passed to my government
with possession.
Very respectfully, Henry C. Cabell, Military Secretary.
Office United States Military Governor
IN THE Philippine Islands,
Manila, P. I., September 19, 1899.
Messrs. R. Aenlle & Co.,
fji Magallanes Street, Manila.
Gentlemen : In reply to your communication of the 9th instant, the military gov-
ernor directs me to state that investigation shows that the bonds you mention in the
communication are in the possession of the present custodian of the Spanish public
funds, and that they can not be delivered at the present time for the following reasons,
viz :
That they concern a contract entered into by Spanish authorities and a subject of
Spain ; that all obligations of such a nature, and all rights under them, are suspended
during the existence of war between the dominion of wSpain and the United States Gov-
ernment, and remain in suspension until the final declaration of peace between those
two countries.
That the military government of the United States established in Manila is not under
any obligation to recognize in any way formerly existing regulations between Spain and
its subjects, whether arising under contract or otherwise.
That it is not the duty of that government, and it might be said its right, to attempt
to adjust claims of such a character. They remain in abeyance, and are revived upon
the declaration of peace.
Very respectfully, yours, Henry C. Cabell, Military Secretary.
In answer to individual requests for the return of voluntary bond deposits, which
could be identified and ownership established by marks and designations accompany-
ing these special deposits, applicants were informed that they must await the unsealing
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 427
of the safes, which could not be done until some settlement of American and Spanish
interests should be arrived at. The result has been that the money deposits merged into
the general fund have not been recognized as creating any obligation against the United
States Government, which received this entire fund as the public money of Spain ; that
the recognized special deposits have been returned to the individual owners, under the
supervision of the United States and Spanish boards of liquidation, which were ap-
pointed several months since to settle the respective interests of those governments
under the provisions of the late Paris treaty.
There was another class of cases which for a brief period constantly obtruded them-
selves and which involved long-continued study and careful consideration. They arose
upon the applications of individuals for the return to them of their estates embargoed
by the Spanish authorities during the recent rebellion. The estates of many Filipinos
who were charged with treason were taken possession of and administered upon by
Spanish ofRcials, After the United States had taken Manila, present and returning res-
idents who had suffered from this cause sought the restoration of their properties. The
case of the Cortez Filipino family, which had taken refuge in Hongkong, was pushed
for determination before the Manila military authorities with all the vigor of demon-
stration of which the members of that family and the United States consuls at Hong-
kong and Manila were capable. These embargoes affected individual real properties, a
portion of which might be situated in the city, a part in some other locality under
Spanish domination, and such was the condition of the Cortez estate. A conclusion
was finally reached on the facts presented and rendered in the following expressed
opinion, of date of November 25th :
That the present United States military occupation of a portion of the Philippine
Islands, under and by virtue of the armistice existing between the Governments of the
United States and Spain, is of a temporary character and does not place upon the
former any obligations to redress or even inquire into alleged grievances imposed by
the latter while dominant here upon its subjects, especially if such allegations are sub-
mitted by those subjects and concern only their individual property rights; that the
United States, under its temporary occupancy and the conditions which prevail, would
not be justified in setting aside the laws of Spain and the decisions of its courts when
individual property rights are alone concerned, not even in matters arising under
its war decrees promulgated for the correction, or the punishment it may be, of its
refractory subjects participating in a formidable rebellion with intention to destroy its
sovereign yjower ; that the relief asked for by the petitioners is civil in its nature and
should be sought in the civil courts of the conquered, which have been continued and
are permitted to exercise their formerly conferred civil jurisdiction in all matters not
involving arrests of persons and criminal prosecution, and therefore the case does not
concern the military administration, specially constituted for other purposes ; that the
case involves a question of United States revenue, since the petitioners demand a return
to them as Spanish subjects of the public property of Spain as declared by Its authori-
ties to which the United States has succeeded and which it has the legal right to receive
and enjoy, for I ascertain by reference to the Spanish military code that the effect of the
declared embargo of the property of the petitioners and the proceedings taken under it
was to vest the uses and profits of the embargoed estates in the Spanish Government
while the embargo continued — title to the same remaining in the individual owners
from which possession was taken.
The active continuance of the embargo was made to depend upon pardon or the
result of a trial by the Spanish courts upon the charge of treason, rebellion, or sedition,
confiscation attending conviction and sentence and restoration following acquittal.
During the existence of the embargo the real property affected was apparently held in
trust by the Spanish Government for its sole use and benefit, with remainder vested in
parties formerly holding the unqualified fee, and dependent upon a contingency involv-
ing due conviction of the crime of disloyality to that government. These conclusions
are supported by exj)lanatory provisions contained in a decree issued by the governor
general on January 19, 1897, wherein it was declared that in the case "of an absent cul-
prit presenting himself and being acquitted by the court, he will only have a right to
claim a return of ihe property not alienated and to the rents and profits which have
not been applied." Finally, it is concluded that the United States Government during
its occupancy under its truce with Spain, which provides only for a temporary cessa-
tion of hostilities, would be recreant to its trust should it knowingly divert, without
just cause arising under the laws of war, properties the uses of which would again inure
to the dominion of Spain upon a return of Spanish sovereignty. Declared permanent
possession by the United States would modify conditions and present the entire ques-
tion in a different aspect, for then the rights of all concerned, whether dependent upon
treaty obligations or otherwise, would be defined* or become easy of interpretation.
It was therefore ordered that the provost marshal general seize all funds of the Cortez
estate on deposit in the local banks, take forcible possession of all the real properties
belonging to that estate which were situated in the city of Manila, and administer the
Hosted by
Google
428 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
same for the use and benefit of the United States GoYernment. These conclusions
arrived at, which were fully justified by the facts, enabled the United States authori-
ties to take legal possession, temporarily at least, of not only the realty but also the
personalty of the estate which Spain held, and which belonged to the public properties
she had promised to surrender under the articles of capitulation. The provost marshal
general took possession of the estate as directed, accounted for the proceeds received
while he held possession, and finallj^, under the instructions of the War Department,
turned estate, with all proceeds, oyer to the owners. Tliis case served as a precedent for
future proceedings upon questions of embargo, although in cases of minor importance
embargoed property was at once turned over to the claimant upon due proof of right to
receive it.
Until October Hth the United States troops in the Philippines remained stationed at
Manila and Cavite, as provided in General Merritt's orders of August 23d, with very
slight exceptions, Major Generar Anderson retaining supervision of the district of
Cavite and Major General Mac Arthur of the troops stationed in Manila, the three organ-
izations composing the provost guard continuing, however, under the control of Briga-
dier General Hughes.
They were most bountifully supplied with subsistence and medicines, but light cloth-
ing suited to the climate and facilities necessary for occupying and messing in barracks
were needed. These were soon obtained through contract and purchase from the mer-
chants of Hongkong and Manila and by shipment from the United States- The troops
received tactical instructions daily, but the weather was too hot for much physical exer-
tion, and time hung heavily upon them. Th€;y entertained the impression that the
Spanish war had terminated, and the volunteers appeared to believe that they should be
recalled to the United States at once and regular troops sent out to perform the monot-
onous garrison duties which were about to follow the victory of Manila. Many became
ill from too free indulgence in the fruits and manufactured drinks of the country, and
indifference to that care and attention of person which a tropical climate makes neces-
sary. Homesickness alone produced illness in numerous cases, so that early in Septem-
ber the hospitals began to be rapidly filled. This led to the adoption of judicious pre-
cautionary measures. Aguinaldo was faithfully executing his agreement made with
General Merritt with regard to water privileges and the city water works, which was to
permit us to use the pumping station situated eight miles from the walled city, provided
we would pay the men of his selection for running it and defray all the necessary expend-
itures. This we were faithfully doing, but the secured >vas not of desired quality and
boiling and distilling were resorted to. Circular instructions prepared by the Medical
Department, warning men of the results of inj udicious action, were issued from head-
quarters, and all sanitary measures possible were adopted.
The sick rate, however, increased. On September 4th one hundred and thirteen sick
soldiers were shipped to the United States, as their restoration to health In this climate
was extremely improbable, and more followed. The per cent of sickness to numerical
strength in some organizations rose to twenty, and in two or three organizations to
thirty, while in others it did not exceed six or eight, although the latter were no better
housed nor provided for than the former, but the men of the latter were, without doubt,
better supervised and watched over by their officers and were measurably contented
with conditions. As long as the practice of sending sick men home continued there was
no improvement in the sick rate, but as soon as the convalescent hospital was estab-
lished on Corregidor Island (an island at the entrance of Manila Bay) and the sick sent
there for treatment a marked change for the better was apparent. In November
improvement was noticeable, and in January the health of this army would compare
favorably with those of any concentrated army of like proportions in existence. To be
sure the men had become by this time, fairly acclimatized, and new troops arriving here
will be obliged 16 pass through this period of acclimatization before they become
properly eflEicient for prolonged service in the field.
During my first weeks of diity here I was impressed with the spirit of suspicion and
the partially concealed unfriendly feeling manifested by the Tagalos toward the Ameri-
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 429
can forces. That they either had very little confidence in our promises or were then
forming conclusions to oppose any establishment of United States authority in Luzon
was apparent, however loudly they might disclaim hostile intent or declare as an excuse
for their attitude fear of the return of Spain. I saw, however, with satisfaction, their
ablest men by education and mental equipment taking part in their authorative delib-
erations, and I had considerable confidence in the efficacy of their suggestions and
advice. Still, after carefully weighing conditions, I was unable to arrive at any satis-
factory conclusions. To a cable received on September 16th, I replied on the next day
as follows :
Adjutant Generate Army, Washington . ■
Referring to telegram yesterday, now tliink prudence dictates increased force — this
after deliberation on situation appearing to-day and possible developments. Force suf-
ficient for present purposes, but contingencies may arise difficult to meet. Parties
ploting constantly to convey erroneous impressions and excite insurgents. Demands
of city government and sick list draw heavily on armed organizations. An additional
5,000 men could be used to supply losses and give greater confidence. Battalions of
Eighteenth and Twenty-third Infantry, still at San Francisco, should join at once.
Measures were being applied constantly to improve the sanitary condition of the
city, to increase the efficiency of the troops, and to meet any emergency which might
develop from an uprising of the inhabitants, or from hasty action by any portion of our
or the insurgent forces, which, though maintaining amicable intercourse, were, in fact,
in an attitude of resistance and hostility upon all questions involving the right of
armed occupation of the suburbs and defenses of Manila. The insurgent soldiers had
looted extensively the portions of the city to which they gained access, and were greatly
disappointed that this privilege over other parts of the same was not accorded them.
Their enforced withdrawal to outer lines was the cause of discontent, and augmented
any desire which they may have formerly entertained to resist or attack the American
troops. This growing discontent was observable among the lower classes of the city's
inhabitants, from whom a considerable share of Aguinaldo's army was drawn, and
was undoubtedly increased by the reprehensible conduct and illegal actions of some of
our own men, who were severely punished for their misdeeds when detected. Out-
wardly, however, relations of the most friendly character were maintained. The officers
and enlisted men of the two armies mingled in friendly social intercourse. To the
casual observer the only discordant element in the dense complex population, made up
of every nation and tongue in existence, were the hated Spanish prisoners, whom the
Filipinos still longed to persecute and kill, and who were obliged to keep within the
walls of Old Manila for safety.
Repeated conferences were held with influential insurgents, whose chief aim appeared
to be to obtain some authoritative expression on the intent of the United States with
regard to the Philippines, and complained that they were unable to discover any one
who could speak ex cathedra. They asserted that their Malolos arrangement was a
government de facto, which had the right to ask an expression of intent from the United
States Government.
To increase and better organize the force in Manilf), the following orders were issued
on October 14th :
The troops comprising this command, with the exception of the Twenty-third U. S.
Infantry, Thirteenth Minnesota, and Second Oregon Regiments of volunteer infantry,
which will continue to constitute the guard and police force of the provost marshal
general of the city, the Eighteenth U. S. Infantry, and the detachment of California
Volunteer Heavy Artillery, which will compose the permanent garrison of Cavite, are
organized into two divisions, designated as First and Second Divisions of the Eighth
Army Corps, each to consist of two brigades.
The following designated troops now quartered and to be quartered in the city south
of the Pasig River, will form the First Division :
Six troops of the Fourth U. S. Cavalry.
Light Batteries D and G, Sixth U. S. Artillery.
The Astor Battery,
Fourteenth U. S. Infantry.
First California Volunteer Infantry.
First Idaho Volunteer Infantry.
First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
Battalion First Wyoming Volunteer Infantry.
Hosted by
Google
430 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
The following organizations north of the Pasig River will compose the Second
Division:
Company A, Battalion of Engineers.
Four batteries Third tJ, S. Artillery.
Batteries A and B, Utah Volunteer Light Artillery.
First Colorado Volunteer Infantry.
First Montana Volunteer Infantry.
First Nebraska Volunteer Infantry.
Tenth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry.
First South Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
Troops expected to arrive from San Francisco soon will be assigned to these divisions
when numerical strength and facilities for quartering will be considered.
For the purpose of enforcing discipline through general courtrmartial proceedings,
together with appropriate action to be taken to that end, the First and Eighteenth
companies, Volunteer Signal Corps, are attached to the First, and the Hospital Corps,
U. S. A., to the Second Division.
Maj. Gen. T. M. Anderson, U. S. V., is assigned to the command of the First Division,
and Maj. Gen. Arthur Mac Arthur, U. S. V., to the command of the Second. They will
submit as soon as practicable the proposed organization of brigades of their commands.
Brig. Gen. Charles King and SamuelOvenshine, U. S. A., are assigned for duty with
the First Division, and Brig. Gen. H. G. Otis and Irving Hale, IT. S. V., to the Second
Division. They will report in person to the commanding generals of their respective
divisions fOr assignment to brigade commands (General King, expected to arrive soon,
so reporting upon arrival).
Officers now serving on the staffs of general officers under proper orders will continue
on such service. The chief quartermaster and chief commissary of the command will
nominate officers of their respective departments for assignment as division and brigade
quartermasters and commissaries, being mindful of assignhients in those capacities
w^hich have already been made. The chief surgeon of the coinmand will nominate offi-
cers of the Medical Department for assignment as chief surgeons of divisions.
The organized divisions had little exacting duty to perform, as the provost marshal
general with his guard of three regiments was held responsible for the preservation of
order within the more thickly populated portions of the city. Division commanders
looked carefully after the health, practical instruction and personal conduct of their
men, prescribed drills and practiced ceremonies, and watched by means of small out-
posts the armed insurgents to the number of six or eight thousand, who maintained a
warlike attitude on the outer lines. The Army Regulations, appropriate to peace condi-
tions, were enforced in matters of examinations, courts, boards, returns, reports, and
correspondence. Barracks, quarters, messing facilities, and sanitary surroundings w^ere
improved, and in so far as strictly military operations were concerned the passing period
was devoid of excitement or apparent importance. In answer to request to make a
statement in regard to the welfare of the troops, I remarked, on November 19th, that
since August none had arrived except absent members of and recruits for organizations
which had preceded them ; that the fifth expedition left San Francisco between the 19th
of October and the 8th of November and its advance was expected daily, and continued
as follows:
The medical department of the corps has always been well supplied with medical
stores. There has been a shortage of medical officers which has been fairly well met
through contract physicians. Now we are abundantly supplied with medical stores
and hospital buildings, though medical officers have been overworked. The sick report
to-day is about twelve per cent of the command ; that of the British army in this lati-
tude is about ten per cent. The most of our sickness is of a mild type, and the health
of the troops is now markedly improved. The total number of deaths of the command
since leaving San Francisco is 161, or a little more than one per cent. Of these deaths 54
were due to typhoid fever, 25 to wounds received in battle, 7 to accident, 13 to dysentery,
and 13 to smallpox. This number of deaths among 15,000 men, covering a period of sev-
eral months, is surprisingly light.
In the matter of subsistence the troops have never sufTered. They have been supplied
with abundant rations, better even than any body of men I ever had association with.
There is to-day well stored in this city subsistence for 17,000 men for four months. Also
large supplies for sale to officers and men, all of which are in excellent condition. In
addition to the regular issues 80 cents per day is giveii to each organization for every
man reported ill with which to buy delicacies needed by the sick. Doubtless troops have
suflfered somewhat because of their lack of knowledge to properly prepare their food,
but all with former experience such as our Regular regiments are acquiring additional
regimental funds. The command is now fairly well supplied with all needful quarter-
master's articles excepting wagon transportion. The volunteers are still armed with
the old Springfield rifle, but steps have beCn taken to supply the most reliable of them
with the Krag-Jorgensen and smokeless ammunition.
No one can tell what duties these troops may be called upon to perform. It is more
than probable, should the islands be retained by the United States, that they will be
kept exceedingly busy establishing United States authority and maintaining a fair
degree of order. In casting over all the difliculties which have been met in transporting
these soldiers, composed mostly of raw material, over 7,000 miles of water and placing
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTFJERS IN SPANISH WAR. 431
them here in good condition and well supplied, results must be considered as quite satis-
factory. Nothing of the kind had ever before been attempted, and no previous prepara-
tion had been made.
On November 21st and 25th the absent battalions of the Eighteenth and Twenty-third
Infantry arrived.
Throughout that month, and a good portion of December, the troops remained quiet,
their health steadily improving. On December 2d I cabled the Adjutant General of the
Army that the percentage of sick of the command, as reported on November 30th, was
ten and one sixth as against twelve and one fifth for October 31st ; that the number of
deaths was twenty-six as against forty-five for October; that the sick rate was about the
same as that among troops of other governments serving in tropical climates ; that one
third of the sick were sufifering from typhoid and malarial fevers ; one sixth from intes-
tinal troubles, and that the remaining half of all ailments were slight in character. The
only matters in which troops took special interest grew out of their speculations on the
attitude and proba.ble intentions of the insurgents.
On December 1st the United States transport Indiana, with headquarters and two
battalions of the Kansas Volunteers arrived, followed on the 7th of that month by the
transports Newport and Peiinsjjlvania with other volunteer organizations. The volun-
teers, however, had grown weary of their service and many applied for their discharge
on the plea that the Spanish war had terminated. They were firmly impressed with the
belief that the future occupation of the United States Army in the islands would be con-
fined to garrison duty, a belief that was shared by the older European residents and the
abler natives of Manila, and they considered that such duty should be performed by
regulars. My own confidence at this time is a satisfactory solution of the diflaculties
which confronted us may be gathered from a dispatch sent to Washington on December
7th, wherein I stated that conditions were improving and that there were signs of revo-
lutionary disintegration ; that I had conferred with a number of the members of the rev-
olutionary government and thought that the most of them would favor peaceful submis-
sion to United States authority. I had strong reasons for this expressed confidence
from assurances made to me by some of the ablest Filipinos who had occupied positions
of importance in the insurgent government and had signified their intention to with-
draw from it. Had the volunteers then supposed that their services would soon be
demanded to maintain the honor and integrity of their country they would willingly
have awaited the emergency. But all ofi[icial proceedings tended to give them the con-
trary impression. Returning transports were carrying back to San Francisco numbers
of specially discharged men. On December 13th the Astor Battery was relieved from
duty and directed to proceed to New York City. Its departure on the 16th of the month
was followed soon by the sailing lor home of one third of the Nebraska regiment Indi-
vidual applications for discharge became numerous, and on December loth I forwarded
to the Adj utant General of the Army the following communication :
I have the honor to forward herewith four hundred and twenty-seven applications
from enlisted men of this command for their discharge from the service, some on spe-
cially stated grounds which require consideration, but for the most part on the plea that
War Department orders entitle them to it. They refer to paragraph 2, General Orders,
No. 41), current series, and think that the present cessation of active hostilities between
the United States and Spain is the "close of the war" within the meaning of that para-
graph ; hence these numerous individual applications which they consider the para-
graph invited them to make. ^
Doubtless the end of the war awaits the proclamation of peace, and in these islands
that day may be somewhat deferred.
The number of these applications indicates the desire of the enlisted men of the com-
mand to escape the country, and shows how difficult it is to hold them in conditions of
contented discipline. Much of this desire to escape their military obligations at a time
when their services are especially demanded arises from homesickness, and that fact
accounts largely for the heavy per centum of sickness with which we have been afflicted.
Under present exigencies I am obliged to disapprove all these applications.
But notwithstanding the desire to hold the volunteers as above expressed (and it was
necessary to hold them or no army would remain), I continued to believe that we might
overcome diflficulties without resort to force, for, on December 22d, in answer to an inquiry
as to the truth of certain newspaper statements of that date which charged us with the
Hosted by
Google
432 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
commission of grave offenses, I cabled that Manila was never more quiet ; that order
prevailed and that the native population of the city had been greatly augmented within
three months; that the criminal class was large, and that representatives of the same
were arriving from the United States and Asiatic coasts, who were closely watched; that
the conduct of the troops was good, to a degree in fact that it was subject of favorable
comment by the citizens, and that disorders were promptly punished, as the business
transacted by the courts would show. I further asserted that the disparaging state-
ments which appeared in the United States, Hongkong, and Singapore newspapers,
were without an element of truth, and that military rule was firm as circumstances
demanded, since outbreaks were likely to occur. Still I continued to have confidence
in the peaceful solution of affairs, although it was apparent that the radical element in
the insurgent councils (consisting of men without property and of little character, by
whom the passions of the more ignorant n^-tives were being inflamed and who were
then organizing within the city clubs for legitimate improvement and amusement, as
they claimed, but really for revolutionarj^ purposes), might precipitate hostilities with-
out giving us much warning. Aguinaldo, too, aided by his more intimate associates,
was constantly levying and collecting war contributions and exciting tlie people with
the cry for independence- He was in coiistant communication with a business firm of
American membership mostly, having headquarters in Hongkong (one of whose mem-
bers, individually present in Manila, had been appointed chief of ordnance of the insur-
gent army), and was secretly negotiating for a large supply of arms and ammunition,
all of which was well known to me at the time.
During this period of quiet, in so far as strictly military affairs were concerned, the
labors of civil administration were very exacting, and necessitated a mass of corre-
spondence too voluminous to be embodied in this repori. A few extracts will be sub-
mitted to show the character of the questions which were constantly presenting them-
selves for oflScial determination. Already many individual claims against the United
States for damages to or loss of property, caused for the most part by the insurgent sol-
diers who had been in occupation of a portion of the city, were being received.
Great difficulties attended the efforts to administer on business principles the city's
revenues ; to ascertain all former sources of that revenue ; to put the proper machinery
in order to collect that portion of it the payment of which was considered appropriate
and just, and to detect the constantly perpetrated frauds made easy under practices of
long standing, and bring guilty officials or city employes to punishment.
The merchants were importunate. Those of foreign citizenship complained to the
resident consuls of their respective governments, by whom their protests were officially
submitted. This action appeared to threaten international complications, and had to
be promptly and judiciously met. On October 31st the following reply was sent to one
of these representatives of a foreign power, from whom a protest signed by nearly all
the resident business men of his government was received ;
Deak Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of
the 29th instant, with attached copy of declaration and petition of certain resident mei-
chants of Manila, inclosed.
Had this protest been presented to the military governor of Manila by the protes-
tants, the matter complained of might possibly have readily received some satisfactory
adjustment, but as it has been submitted direct to the government of * * as a dec-
laration and protest against the action of the United States authorities, and received as
such by that government, it becomes a matter requiring mature deliberation. I have
therefore the honor to invite your attention to the statement of facts contained in this
declaration, the conclusions which protestants have drawn therefrom, and the presen-
tation of facts as understood by the United States authorities here stationed, with their
legal conclusions briefly submitted.
The protestants correctly recite the publication of the official circular from the office
of the United States military governor on the 26th instant, but the alleged facts, viz,
"that with the exception of a few, and some of them insignificant, ports (and that
under certain restrictions which greatly embarrassed trade), the iiUer-island trade of
the Philippines is prohibited," are not warranted. Still, it is possible that this narra-
tion was merely intended to bo a conclusive summary of facts set up in the indicated
circular, and if so, it is only fair to treat them as such, and they may be considered in
connection with the remaining conclusions which the protest contains and wbich are
"That the principal hemp-producing districts, such as Albay, Sorsogon, Leyte, and
Samar, are closed by this circular against Manila trade, involving incalculable loss
to * * interest in the Philippines; "That the arbitrary enforcement of vessels
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 433
engaged, being obliged to carry Spanish officers only, is a measure almost impossible to
fulfill, as vessels are unable to comply therewith in view of the danger the Spanish offi-
cers would be exposed to from the native crews which they carry and the insufficiency
of qualified Spaniards to man the vessels," and further " that if this arbitrarv order is
enforced it will entail the complete ruin of Manila trade."
The above, independent of the allegations regarding the business interests of the
Protestants, comprises, it is believed, all the facts and conclusions which the protest
contains.
For reply to these several criticisms (although unaccompanied bv any expressed
opinion upon the right to demand remedial action) I beg to invite your attention to a
brief summary of the endeavors made by the United States authorities for the intei-ests
of Manila merchants in the matter of coasting trade, and thereafter to give correct
interpretation of the circular which appears to be the object of complaint.
Shortly after United States authority had been established in the city of Manila to
wit, August -iOth, the Spanish governor general of the Philippines was approached with
a proposition for the reestablishment of inter-island commerce in products of the coun-
try. To this that officer responded with a cablegram, of w^hich the inclosed exhibit
marked A, is a certified copy. This cablegram was interpreted as follows : "As soon as
the port of Manila is open to Spanish ships fljang their flag I will order that all the
ports in the territories under my command shall immediately admit American ships
flying the American flag," etc.
Thereafter, upon receiving information from merchants that coasting vessels from
this port were not permitted to land at certain of the ports in the Visayas, the attention
of the Spanish governor general was called to the fact and he replied, on October 14th
that he would send his chief of staflT to Manila, for conference. At the first meeting
with that StaflT officer, upon being invited to explain the action of his chief in arresting
the progress of trade sought to be carried on in accordance with an existing agreement
he replied that his Government had executed the agreement, which only extended to
the ports of Iloilo, Cebu, and Zamboanga. Upon being shown the original dispatch
from Iloilo, of which Exhibit A is a copy, he replied that the Spanish word " puertos "
used therein, embraced only ports of entry, of which the three above named are all the
southern islands contain, and that such was the understanding of the Spanish Gov-
ernment when the cablegram was sent. To the question why vessels dispatched on
or about September 1st were permitted to trade at other ports, he replied in substance
that they were not interfered with as it was believed that they were not committing
injury. • *
The explanation as to the true signification of the word "puertos" and the expressed
intent of the Spanish Government was received in good faith, and endeavors were then
made to secure an extention of coasting privileges. As a result, this representative of
the Spanish governor general agreed that all ports of the islands at which the authority
of Spain was maintained or which were occupied by Spanish troops would be considered
as open to all vessels engaged in legitimate commerce and flying either the Spanish or
American flag, provided officers in charge of vessels were of Spanish birth or nationality
(they could not trust Filipino crews because of their sympathies with the insurgents)
and provided the United States military governor would vouch by cablegram at the
time of sailing of vessels from Manila that they contained nothing objectional. Upon
pressing the representative for further latitude of trade in Spanish possessions he
agreed, on behalf of his principal, to add the ports of Yligan, Dumaguete, and Surigao
on like conditions, but with the further proviso that application and consent for vessels
to enter them should be previously made and obtained. He was then pressed to include
the ports of Calbayog and Carrigarra, but repUed that his government had no troops
there — only Indian officials — and that it could not guarantee protection or safety to
vessels entering the same. Asked, Spanish authority having ceased there, if he would
consider that the vessels then had the right to enter, he replied that the ports were in
the same condition as those in the island of Luzon, in the possession of the revolution-
ary forces, and that the Spanish Government could not be held responsible for any
damage to entering vessels which might result. No further concessions were obtainable
as it was said the governor general, under present conditions, was powerless to grant
them. Inquiry was made by this office if Spaniards to take charge of vessels could be
secured to carry on this trade, and reply was received that they could be secured with-
out any difficulty. Thereupon the circular inclosed, marked B, was issued for the infor-
mation of all parties concerned, it being considered to contain the best terms in further-
ance of the interests of Manila merchants which could be secured at this time. It was
drawn up and ratified by the Spanish governor general's representative in order that the
Spanish Government might be held to a faithful performance of its obligations.
The circular is not understood to be of the nature expressed in the protest. It is
viewed as a concession and in no wise as a prohibition on the part of the Spanish Gov-
ernment, which is at liberty to close its ports to outside commerce and influences if it
elects to do so. A government almost in extremis mortis, as certainly the Spanish Gov-
ernment in the central Philippine Islands must be considered to be at present, has the
lawful right to shut temporarily all of its ports, whether declared of entry or otherwise
and whatever the business interests of outside merchants, be they foreigners or citizens
ot its domain. This is a declared international right fully accepted.
I can not perceive, therefore, that any present action can be adopted to further the
interests of the protestants, and accepting in good faith the action of the Spanish author-
ities m all previous negotiations, as vouched for by them, and as it is necessary to do in
the absence of proof to the contrary. I can not see that there exists just cause for com-
plaint against the United States authorities. I am still in correspondence in regard to
all these matters and may be able to secure more advantageous conditions, although a
disinterested party might casually conclude that this vigorous attack on the policy or
intention, or possibly the integrity of constituted authority, on the part of resident
merchants might tend to diminish future persistent efl^brts for their welfare.
Very respectfully, your obcdent servant,
E. S, Otis,
Major General, U. S. V.,
^o United States Military/ (Governor in the Philippines,
Hosted by
Google
434 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
The correspondence was brought to a satisfactory conclusion upon November 8th by
the following cornnaunication :
Sib : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 4th
instant wherein you inform this office that the action of certain protestants ( * * sub-
jects residing and doing business here) should not be considered in any wis^ as the action
of the olticial representative of their government in this city further than his notarial
functions are concerned. I am pleased to accept this construction, and shall give the
matter no further consideration.
As regards the i^arties protestant whose joint and very satisfactory communication
you inclosed and is appreciated. I am certain that they will soon be firmly convinced
that the United States authorities have not omitted to make continued effort to advance
their business interests in every way possible. It appears to me, however, that they
have not a full appreciation of the difficulties which the government of the United
States established here have been obliged to contend with.
1 am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. S. Otis,
Major General^ U. /S. F„ United States Military Governor.
The clearance of vessels continued to give annoyance, as the political conditions in
the southern islands were constantly changing, and the coasting trade agreement
between the Spanish and American officials could not be satisfactorily executed, as
correspondence, of which the following communications are copies, clearly indicates :
Office United States Mii^itary Goveknor
IN the PIIIIjIPPINE ISI.ANDS,
Manila, p. I,, November n, 1898.
Captain OF THE Port, ilfam^a, P. T.
Sir: I am directed to inform you that the military governor has just received a
cablegram from Iloilo, dated the 8th instant, and cabled from Capiz on the Uth instant,
of which the following i^ a translation :
" Iloilo, November 8, 1898.
"Governor General t® General Otis,
''^Military Governor, Manila:
"Your telegram of present date received. I order consul, Hongkong, not to send
cargo whatever in consideration of what your excellency indicates. I spoke of the
affair to the commander of the C/iarZe.9ton."
This in response to a telegram from this office, dated November 1, 1898, of which the
following is a copy ;
"Governor General, Iloilo :
"Spanish consul, Hongkong, cleared vessel flying British flag on coasting trade to
southern ports, Luzon, thence to Manila. Vessel arrived from Legaspi and has been
permitted to enter under protest. This clearance viewed as in violation of agreement.
"Otis,
" United States Military Governor in the Philippines.''^
Very respectfully,
C. H. Murray,
Captain, Fourth U. 8. Cavalry, Aid.
Captain of the Port, Manila, P. I.
Office United States Military Governor
in the Philippine Islands,
Manila, P. I., November 25, 1898.
Sir: I am directed to return to you the inclosed letter of Messrs. Smith, Bell & Co.,
and to say in reply that, as is well known, a circular was issued from this office on
October ii6, 1898, announcing that under a mutual agreement between the United States
and Spanish authorities vessels flying either the American or Spanish flag could be
dispatched for Tacloban and other southern ports named, provided due notice by cable
was given the governor general at Iloilo that they were engaged in legitimate com-
merce.
In the case of the vessel of the Compania Martima, the Salvador a, which had a like
experience with the vessel Cebn, the military governor telegraphed the governor general
at Cebu, on the 16th, stating that the vessel had cleared from this port October 28th for
Iloilo, Cebu, and Tacloban; that the vessel was turned back from Cebu and not per-
mitted to proceed to Tacloban to the great loss of merchants, as the Cebu authorities
reported that they could not permit vessel to enter any ports excepting those styled ports
of entry. To this cablegram General Rios replied as follows :
"Regret what has occurred with steamer Salvadora in Cebu. Attribute it to inter-
ruption of telegraph lines that exists, making my notice, which I repeat by mail, arrive
late. Begging your excellencj^ that hereafter, at the same time, to notify me and the
governor general in Cebu when vessel does not previously touch at Iloilo."
It would seem from the above dispatch of the 19th, that either the Spanish authorities
in the southern islands are not keeping faith (which is not charged nor believed), or
that they have neglected to inform officers at the various ports of the agreements which
have been entered into. Under present conditions it is not possible to comply with
General Rios's late request, as there are no opportunities to cable either Iloilo or Cebu,
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 435
since the cable company's staff at Cebu has been removed on account of threatened
danger from insurgents. Conditions therefore seem to be such that the SSpanish author-
ities are not able to keep their agreement because of the action of the public enemy, and
might plead excuse for any seeming violation of the same. Vessels hereafter clearing
for the southern ports, named in the notice with which you have been furnished, will
be obliged to clear assuming all attendant risks.
Further action will be taken in the matter of the Cebu to ascertain what remedies
can be applied in instances of such a character.
Very respectfully, C. H. Murray,
Captain, Fourth U. 8. Cavalry^ Aid.
The requests of certain merchants for permission to pass their merchandise through
the customs as Spanish goods under the former Spanish tariff rates, on the plea of
purchase in Spain before declaration of war and inability to present it sooner, continued
throughout the year. They were presented, many of them individually, and some
through their consuls. Every case was based upon a slightly different statement of
facts, which was fully considered in replies. Applications made through the consul for
Germany show the character of this correspondence :
Office United States Military Governor
IN THIS PHII.IPPINE Islands,
Manila, P. I., October 5, 1898.
Hon. Dr. Fr. Kruger,
Consul for Germany at the Port of Manila.
Sir: Referring to your note of the 1st instant, I have the honor to state that the
reason for deferring the application of the United States customs tariff and regulations
from October 1st to November 10th was to gain sufficient time to make modifications
therein in certain particulars in order to better adapt them to existing conditions. It
was discovered that errors had been committed in the preparation or compilation of
these regulations, and it was with the desire to make the necessary corrections that the
postponement was ordered.
A slight concession was granted to the merchants of Manila, which was thought
would not prejudice United States interests, and it was considered that sufiicient notice
was given to place them on their guard and allow them opportunity to protect them-
selves. The interests of the Manila merchants are so conflicting that no rule of general
action could be adopted which would be satisfactory to all, and the requests submitted
by the merchants in whose behalf you write have received greater consideration than
those of merchants of the United States do when a change of tariff duties are made.
There a tariff law takes effect as soon as enacted, and the rule of caveat emptor applies.
The proof which will be required to show that merchandise from Spanish ports prior
to April 25, 1898, will be, independent of the accustomed manifests of cargo, bills of
lading, and the usual consular certificates, a certificate from the United States consular
agent at the Spanish port of shipment to the effect that the goods were purchased prior
to April 25th, and in case there is no United States consular agent at such port then a
certificate of a consular agent of Great Britain at such port as the goods were so pur-
chased.
Very respectfully, your most obedient servant,
E. S. Otis, Military Governor.
Office United States Military Governor
IN THE Philippine Islands,
Manila, P. I., December 21, 1898.
Hon. Dr. Fr. Kruger,
German Consul, Manila, P. I.
Sir : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 19th
instant, with inclosure, which refers to merchandise shipped from Spain and recently
received in this port. Concerning such goods you refer to an order issued from this
office on September '29th, last, in which directions were given that goods secured or pur-
chased in Spain prior to April 25th, last, would be received at this port until November
10th under the former Spanish tariff regulations.
That order clearly indicates that such merchandise received here after the last-named
date would be subject to the same duties as the goods of all other neutral nations, the
United States included.
Notwithstanding the instructions contained in this order, goods purchased in Spain
by Manila merchants which arrived here as late as the preseni month have been
admitted under the conditions expressed in that order, the merchants showing satisfac-
torily that delay in making shipments was beyond their control.
In respect to the entry of these goods you say that certain proofs of purchase in
Spain, as regards time and circumstances, which were presented by the merchants,
have not been accepted by the collector of customs. On this point you quote my letter
of October 5th, indicating the proofs it will be necessary for the merchants to furnish,
among which was included the following:
"A certificate from the United States consular agent at the Spanish port of shipment
to the effect that the goods >yere purch?/Sed prior to April 25th, a,nd in case tbere is nq
Hosted by
Google
436 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
United States consular agent at sucb port then the certificate of the consular agent of
Great Britain at such port that the goods were so purchased."
You state that the merchants interested gave the best proofs they could under the
circumstances, and that it was impossible to secure the certificate of the British consul
at Barcelona (acting for the United States) as to shipment; that under the proof the
merchandise has not been admitted as desired.
Undoubtedly the customs authorities have acted within the instructions received
from this office in demanding a consular certificate, and the subject now becomes a
matter for further deliberation and further instructions. Your request is that the col-
lector of customs be authorized to return the gauran tees which the merchants had
given in order to liave the goods passed, and that their attidavits, made before the Brit-
ish consul at Barcelona, be accepted in lieu of the consular certificate which orders
have prescribed.
The request will receive attention, and you will be informed soon of conclusions
reached.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, E.S.Otis,
Military Governo?'.
After full investigation this application was denied, as were all others of like import
which were submitted about this time. In arriving at conclusions, the possibility of
purchasing goods in Spain under a continuing con tract for purchase, or placing orders
for them under an agreement for delivery at some future distant date, was considered,
as well as the conflicting interests of merchants who were stocked or had recently pur-
chased elsewhere than in Spain, and who antagonized favorable action on the applica-
tions.
The Spanish prisoners gave annoyance and were a menace to public tranquillity and
the health of the city. Requests for permission to expatriate them were preferred on
several occasions, but such action could not be taken without the consent of both Spj^in
and the United States, since the disposition of the Philippine Islands awaited the result
of treaty stipulation. These prisoners might yet be needed in the islands by Spain for
military service. When Manila capitulated, many of them were ill, and required care-
ful attention and special treatment. All the necessary articles and appliances were
furnished the Spanish oflEicers with which to bestow the needed care. The prisoners
soon commenced to improve in physical condition, but having no employment,
indulged too frequently in reprehensible conduct, and were an object of suspicion by
our oflicers, who thought that they would require close restraint should hostilities with
the Filipinos ensue. The old antipathy between insurgent and Spanish soldiers, which
in the first few weeks of our occupation of the city was intense, and which manifested
itself in slight rioting, followed in one instance by the murder of an insurgent officer
near one of the gates of the walled city, was gradually disappearing, and Spanish
officers and enlisted men began to mingle in friendly intercourse with insurgent tro9ps.
No accurate lists of numbers had been made, nor could one be prepared from the
rolls of organizations obtainable. Finally, on October 1st, the provost marshal general
was directed to make an accurate count of all present. For this purpose he caused the
various organizations to form, at the same hour, at the places where they were severally
quartered, and had one of his officers with each of the organizations to verify numbers
by actual count. This method of verification was repeated on subsequent occasions.
Under the terms of the capitulation the Spanish officers, though prisoners of war,
were permitted to immediately supervise the afiairs of the organizations to which they
belonged. In the demoralization which followed the condition of prisoners of war, their
authority Was greatly diminished ; and the general who was nominally in command of
these Spanish forces made formal request to impose, through adequate punishment, a
more efficient discipline. This was denied in the following letter :
Office United States Military Governor
IN the Philippine Islands,
Manila, P. J., November 28, 1898.
Gen. Francisco Rizzo,
Commanding Spanish Forces, Manila, I*. I,
General : Referring to the request made by you a few day since, that officers of the
Spanish Army be permitted and assisted to enforce against their men, now prisoners of
war, the disciplinary measures of the Spanish military code, I have the honor to reply
that after mature deliberation on the special points contained in the request submitted,
the conclusion has been reached that conditions do not permit the American authorities
Hosted by
Google
OKEGOK VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 437
to grant all that has been asked. They will endeavor to do what they can consistently
to preserve good conduct on the part of the prisoners, and with that end in view instruc-
tions have been given to retain them within the walled city after 5 o'clock in the even-
ing, and to compel them to retire to their respective barracks after the hour of 8.
The American authorities are responsible for the care of these prisoners, and must see
that they receive humane treatment in accordance with the dictates and spirit of their
own military code, and therefore no promises can be given as to the methods they will
apply in exercising supervision. It is our desire to do all we can to carry out the wishes
of the Spanish officers who are looking after the w-elfare of their men, but it will readily
occur to you that under prevailing conditions we can not enter into any agreements
which fetter in any wise a free latitude of action in the special cases which may arise.
I am. General, with great respect, your obedient servant,
E. S. Otis,
Military Governor.
Early in October certain Spanish officers, prisoners of war, asked for permission to
depart for Spain on account of illness, and their requests were favorably indorsed by
General Rizzo. Applying to the War Department for instructions in these cases, I was
directed, on October 7th, to grant, in my discretion, requests of this character. Where-
upon, on application in writing, accompanied by the proper disability certificate of a
Spanish surgeon and the approval of the general officer present and supervising Spanish
affairs, passports with permission to return to Spain were given. A considerable num-
ber took advantage of this privilege before the general authority to send home the
prisoners was received. On December 14th the Spanish authorities served upon me
notice of the contemplated discharge of the native troops held in Manila as prisoners.
Although it was known that a good many of the three thousand of these prisoners had
deserted to the insurgents, it was deemed important to weigh the probable results of
this contemplated communicated action, and the following letters were prepared and
delivered :
Captain General Rizzo,
General of Division of the Spanish Army, Manila, P. I.
General : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of
this morning, in which you inform me you are about to discharge from the Spanish
service the Spanish native troops held as United States prisoners of war in this city.
I beg that you defer your contemplated action in this matter of discharge until I may
be able to make inquirv as to the condition, intent, and former places of domicile of
these troops, that I may act understandingly with regard to them. As prisoners of war,
under the articles of capitulation, they should remain under guard within the city and
under the immediate supervision of their officers until instructions as to their final dis-
position are received from Madrid and Washington.
You will therefore please suspend all actions relating to their discharge until I may
be able to communicate further with you.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. S. Otis,
Major General, U. 8. V.,
United States Military Governor in the Philippines.
Office United States Military Governor
IN THE PHIiyrPFINE ISLANDS,
Manila, P. I., December 17, 1898.
Division General Francisco Rizzo,
Commanding Spanish Forces, Manila, P. I.,
General : In further response to your letter of the 14th instant, regarding your con-
templated action in the matter of discharging Spanish native troops held in this city as
prisoners of war, I have the honor to inform you that exhaustive inquiry has been made
as to their permanent homes and possible conduct should they be discharged at this
time. It has been ascertained that a very large number of them came from the southern
islands, and that some of them, though of Luzon, would be afraid to return to their
homes, even if discharged. Those living in the southern islands should be sent there ;
those of Luzon who are afraid to return to their homes should be kept here in Manila.
There are others of these natives who might give trouble in the city if discharged, and
they should be kept under restraint.
All the native troops, therefore, will be continued in their present status as prisoners
of war, to remain in restraint under the immediate supervision of their officers until
the chief authorities of the dominion of Spain and the United States give final direc-
tions as to their disposition. This is in conformity with the articles of capitulation of
August 14th, last. -r^ c^ ^
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. S, Otis,
Major General, XJ. S. V.,
United States Military Governor in the Philippines.
Hosted by
Google
438 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
These natives were subsequently discharged in Manila. Some were taken to a west-
ern Luzon province and released, and others were permitted to go from the city in any
direction they wished, or to remain in it if they desired. It was subsequently a notice-
able fact that they became the most formidable troops in Aguinaldo's army, fought
splendidly at Caloocan, where they lost in casualties a large portion of their numbers.
About this date Spanish officers, with their families, were arriving in the city from
the southern islands. Some of them had been exercising command of native troops,
which were disbanded there or had deserted to the enemy, or they were not desired in
the Spanish military organizations still retained at the south. They came ostensibly
to secure transportation to Spain by vessels plying between Manila and Barcelona.
Lingering with us a considerable i)eriod, and not knowing their numbers, request was
made upon the Spanish authorities for their names and intention, and the further
request w:as made that the United States auth<5)rities be notified in future of the fact of
the arival of any Spanish officers from southern ports.
The United States authorities, after entering Manila, had continued in place the Span-
ish officers who had exercised charge of the large city prisons, where about two thousand
suspects and convicts were confined. General Hughes, the provost marshal general, who
had supervision of these prisons, detected, while inspecting the August and September
prison accounts, fraudulent transactions in which these officers were concerned. He
thereupon placed them in arrest and submitted the charges of "conspiracy to embezzle
public funds in violation of the laws of war," and "embezzlement in violation of the
laws of war," when they were brought before a military commission for trial. The
result of the court's long and patient investigation, during which the accused officers
had the benefit of the best American and Spanish legal advice obtainable, and of their
own selection, was the conviction of two of them, and the acquittal of the third upon
an admittedly proven alibi. The two who were convicted were each sentenced to pay a
fine in "the sum of $2,500 in gold coin of the United States, and to be confined at hard
labor in such place of confinement as may be designated by the reviewing authority for
a period of three years." The review of the case is in language as follows :
In the foregoing case of Carlos Aymerich, Branlio Zorita, and Jose Ruiz, jointly tried
by a military commission for conspiracy to embezzle, and the embezzlement of, public
funds, the commission has adjudged a finding of acquittal as to Carlos Aymerich, evi-
dently considering certain evidence submitted to it and tending to establish an alibi as
to this accused, as having an important bearing upon the case, to the extent, at least, of
raising a reasonable doubt as to his participation In the ofi'enses alleged. In this view
the reviewing authority does not concur, believing that the evidence of record conclu-
sively establishes the criminal responsibility of the said Aymerich jointly with the other
accused under both charges, and is, therefore, unable to concur in the finding of acquittal
in his case. Orders have already been issued for his release from confinement.
The findings and sentences adjudged the other two accused, to wit, Branlio Zorita
and Jos6 Ruiz, are approved. In view of the confinement already served by them and
the circumstances surrounding this case, deemed in certain respects to justify the exten-
sion of clemency, the confinement at hard labor for three years awarded each of these
accused is reduced to six months. As mitigated, the sentences will by duly executed
and so much thereof as relates to confinement, at Bilibid Prison.
The commission took up the trial of these cases on November 22d liist, and gave a
long and patient hearing to the voluminous testimony introduced and the lengthy argu-
ments of the prosecuting officers and defendants' counsel. The funds which it was
charged that the parties had misappropriated accrued previous to the date of United
States occupation, but were subsequently covered as expended in the payment of fraud-
ulent vouchers manufactured in August and September for services rendered and prop-
erty delivered for the benefit of the prisons prior to that date. They therefore belonged
to the United States by capture, or promised surrender under the capitulatory articles.
The Spanish authorities labored in the interests of the accused, and the date on which
they were brought before the military commission the chief of staff of the Spanish gen-
eral, who subsequently acted as assistant counsel for one and submitted an able closing
argument on the merits, sent in a written application asking that they be remanded
to the Spanish authorities for trial, representing that the honor of Spain was involved.
He was informed, however, that the United States tribunal, which had be^n directed to
judicially determine the question of their guilt or innocence, had not been ordered until
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH' WAR. 439
after an exhaustive investigation had been made and the justness and expediency of
the step carefully considered. The cases were not published until March 13th, after the
offenders had been in arrest for six months. Some time thereafter and on April 19th,
a petition was presented, headed by his grace the archbishop of Manila and signed by
its leading inhabitants, Spanish and foreign mostlj'', praying for the release of Zorita,
though acknowledging the justness of his sentence. He was released on the payment of
32,500 gold, his time of confinement having nearly virtually expired. Ruiz still remains
in confinement. No decided effort by friends for the commutation of his sentence has
been made. It would be matter for satisfaction if the same action could be applied in
his case as in that of Zorita.
Another case, that of a Spanish newspaper editor, one Antonio Hidalgo, charged
with "publishing and circulating seditious newspaper articles in violation of the laws
of war," was brought before a military commission in November last. The accused was
found guilty and sentenced " to pay a fine of ^500 in United States gold coin to, and for
the use and benefit of, the United States ; that he be placed and kept outside of the lines
of the territory now occupied by, and within and under the jurisdiction of, the military
forces of the United States, and that the press, type, furniture, material, and all appur-
tenances of the printing office of La Voz Espanola be confiscated and sold for the use
and benefit of the United States."
The review is as follows :
In the foregoing case of Antonio Hidalgo the record discloses that the accused was
accorded an impartial trial, his rights having been protected at every stage thereof.
The findings are in accord with the evidence, and the sentence, in amount and char-
acter of punishment awarded, shows that the commission correctly estimated the crim-
inality which, under the conditions existing at the time of their commission, was
involved in the offenses which the accused stands convicted. Such a sentence the
reviewing authority is reluctant to modify.
It appears, however, from facts elicited since the conclusion of the trial that the
accused fully appreciates the gravity of the offenses committed by him, and regrets
their commission. He has furnished satisfactory proof of previous good character and
reputable standing in this community, and has directly and through influential citizens
petitioned for clemency. In view of these facts, and in the belief that the example fur-
nished by this trial and conviction constitutes sufficient warning that the military gov-
ernment here established possesses and will exercise the power necessary to protect
itself against libelous and seditious publications designed to asperse its character and
weaken its authority, the reviewing authority is pleased to remit so much of the sen-
tence as relates to confiscation of property and to the deportation of the accused beyond
the lines now occupied by the military forces of the United States.
The fine imposed is reduced to $250, gold coin of the United States, the accused to
stand committed until such fine is paid; the confinement under this sentence not to
exceed three months.
As mitigated, the sentence will be duly executed.
The fine was paid and Hidalgo released. The trial produced a good deal of excite-
ment, both on account of the standing of the accused in the community, his numerous
friends among the better citizens, and the novel proceeding. The case was prosecuted
for the sake of example and to give warning to the proprietors of other newspapers of
the penalties which might be imposed upon them if they continued to indulge in abuse
and calumny. It has had beneficial effects.
This period was one of plotting in the interests of the insurgent cause and men of
every nationality appea^red to be engaged in questionable enterprises promising indi-
vidual gain. Rumors of the purchase and introduction of arms and ammunition at
various ports on the Luzon coast were incessant. Admiral Dewey had seized a vessel
at Cantagas engaged in this contraband trade, but the cargo had entered the interior.
It was an understood fact that money in considerable quantities was being sent to the
insurgent j unta at Hongkong, which was then presided over, or at least advised, by an
American citizen and a British subject. Insurgent delegations departed for Japan and
the cities on the Asiatic coast. All this occasioned a mass of correspondence with
United States representatives stationed in these countries. Smuggling and illicit trade
of a varied character was being actively conducted, and the cunning of the Filipino
and the Chinese was difficult to contend with. Insurgent newspapers had been estab-
lished in our midst and oftejji indulged in criticisms of the manner in which affairs were
being conducted, but were generally busy insinuating that the United States offered
Hosted by
Google
440 OREGON VOLlTNT^EEiRS IN SPANISH WAR.
nothing advantageous to the Filipinos, who had expended so much blood and treasure
for their independence. The formerly expressed fear that Spain would return had given
way to the statement that it was the intention of the United States to replace her in the
odious domination which she had exercised for centuries. The better class of Filipinos
recommended the suppression of these Filipino newspapers, and to my question
whether the people believed the statements found in theni, replied that they did and
were greatly impressed. The editors were warned and became more temperate in their
denunciations, even asking assistance to place before the people the true condition of
affairs. Able articles were prepared and furnished, at my request, by the well known
scientist. Doctor Becker, upon the true theory of government and the probable inten-
tion of the United States in Luzon and other islands. They were generally used by
these editors as targets for such unfriendly criticisms as their supple and peculiar minds
could invent. A sanguinary and venomous article would be followed for three or four
successive days by temperate productions favoring United States protection on lines
which they were powerless to explain or understand.
Questions of grave import were being constantly thrust upon the United States
authorities, some having decided international significance demanding prompt atten-
tion. The acting American consul was busy with political and commercial xjroblems,
among which were those relating to the acquisition of citizenship or the participation
by foreign vessels in the inter-island trade. On December 9th he was informed of a
decision which had shortly before been rendei^ed and expressed in the following terms :
The effect of section 8, article 1, of the Constitution of the United States, and legisla-
tion by Congress thereunder, is to vest the exclusive power of conferring citizenship
by naturalization in Congress. This power is not shared by State or Territorial govern-
ments, nor by military governments established by the United Stages in the exercise of
its war power.
In establishing rules on the subject, Congress has provided among other conditions
upon which citizenship will be conferred upon aliens, excepting those having service in
the Army or Navy, a previous residence of five years within the territorial limits of the
United States. It is very clear that this condition has not been complied with by the
within-named applicant.
United States citizenship may also result from (1) completed conquest and incorpora-
tion of territory, and (2) from treaty. No act of the individual in the former case is
necessary other than election to become a citizen, usually manifested by continued
domicile within the territory conquered and incorporated. In the latter case it is
necessary only for the individual to comply with the conditions that the treaty may
establish. Until negotiations have proceeded further it is impossible to determine
whether the within applicant can avail himself of either of these methods.
Applications for citizenship can not be acted upon at the present time ; they could
merely be received and filed.
To his inquiry with regard to coasting trade privileges he was informed by communi-
cation as follows :
In reply to your note of yesterday with inclosure, I am directed to state that the
inclosure granting the permission of the Spanish Government to do certain acts as
therein explained was given July 5th last, prior to United States occupation of the city
and harbor of Manila, and under conditions, both in this respect and in so far as the out-
side ports of Luzon are concerned, which have materially changed.
Since that time certain agreements have been entered into between the representa-
tives of the United States and Spain which the action contemplated in the inclosure
would violate, and hence can not now be carried into execution. Vessels can not be
cleared from this port for inter-island ports, under the Norwegian flag.
As regards the tobacco now in the upper country, it can be brought to this port by
vessels of the Maritime Company, sailing under the American flag. That company has
two vessels engaged in this trade which will be able to bring in all the tobacco grown in
the upper provinces, and at uniform transportation rates to all owners concerned. The
Few ws, now due here, will sj^il in about four days for Aparri, and the iSaturnus, now en
voyage for that port, will soon be here, and as soon as she can unload will return.
Information has been obtained that the whole tobacco crop can be moved by these two
vessels and in suflicient time to prevent injury to the crops.
Your inclosure is herewith returned.
The sphere of United States action in the Philippines was now about to be enlarged.
During the last interview with General Rios's staff officer on the subject of inter-island
trade, alluded to in a former portion of this report, he submitted a proposition for the
relief of the Spanish garrison at Iloilo by our troops, saying that General Rios would be
pleased to turn that city over to the United States authorities and withdraw to Zam-
boanga. The proposition was discussed, but immediate action was not considered
Hosted by
Google
OKEGON VOLXINTEEUS IN SPANISH WAR. 441
practicable, and he was requested to convey to the general our appreciation of his offer
and report that permission would be sought to accept it as soon as the Paris treaty
negotiations indicated unmistakably that the United States would succeed to the
government of the islands. About December 13th a petition was received, signed by
the business men and firms of Iloilo, asking for American protection there. On Decem-
ber 14th I cabled to Washington the following :
Bankers and merchants with business houses at Iloilo petition American protection
at Iloilo. Spanish authorities are still holding out, but will receive United States troops.
Insurgents reported favorable to American annexation. Can send troops. Shall any
action be taken ?
No response was received until the 19th of that month, when I was informed that the
President and Secretary of War were absent from Washington, and that consideration
of my question would await their return, which would be shortly. Appreciating the
great desirability of securing possession of this city, the second of the Philippines in
importance, I was anxious to receive an affirmative answer to my cable question of the
14th instant. It was reported that the Spanish troops were hard pressed by the insur-
gents, who had made an attack a few days previous, declaring that they would capture
the town before the arrival of the Americans. It was also stated that the attack had
been repulsed, with a loss to the insurgents of three hundred men.
The petition for protection which had been submitted by the business men appeared
to me to furnish sufficient ground upon which to base intervention in their behalf, inde-
pendent of specific instructions from Washington, and I therefore, in conference with
Admiral Dewey, asked that one of his war vessels convoy troops which I meditated
sending to Iloilo at once. This the Admiral thought it not wise to do, as we were await-
ing authority which had already been sought, and furthermore that he was of the opin-
ion General Rios would hold out. I shared with him this latter conviction and awaited
directions. On December 23d the following dispatch was received :
Washington, December 23, 1898.
Otis, Manila :
Answering your message, December i4th, the President directs that you send neces-
sary troops to Iloilo, to preserve the peace and protect life and property. It is most
important that there should be no conflict with the insurgents. Be conciliatory, but
firm.
By order of the Secretary of War.
These instructions were conveyed to Admiral Dewey and I cabled the following:
MANII.A, December '23, 1898,
General Rios,
Governor General Philippine Islands, Iloilo, Panay.
A considerable United States force. Army and Navy, will leave Manila in two or
three days, and its commanding general is ordered to confer with you at Iloilo.
Otis,
United States Military Governor.
This message was sent to Capiz, a northern point of the island of Panay, then the
terminus of the cable, whence messages were telegraphed overland to Iloilo before the
insurgents had destroyed the land lines. Cable messages were sent subsequently by
special gunboats which reported for them at short intervals. The next morning the
superintendent of the cable company surprised me with the information that two gun-
boats arrived at Capiz the day before, collected all telegrams, and left for Iloilo at 5.35
p. M.; that my dispatch did not reach the cable office there till 5.50 p. m.; that the cable
operator reported that General Rios would leave Iloilo with all Spaniards for Lambagan
the afternoon of the 24th, and would go to Manila by the end of the month. Eflforts
were immediately made to communicate by other means with General Rios before he
could evacuate the city. A coasting vessel was secured, with which Lieutenant Colonel
Potter, of the Engineer Corps, was directed to proceed, and if possible communicate in
person with General Rios, requesting that he continue in possession of the city until the
arrival of our troops. Colonel Potter departed on his mission that night and nothing
Hosted by
Google
442 OHEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
was heard from him until the morning of the 28th, when he returned. He reported that
General Rlos had evacuated on the evening of the 24th, thirty-nine hours before his
arrival ; that he found the insurgents in possession of the city ; that he had landed and
held an interview with the consul for Great Britain, and that the town was quiet,
Aguinaldo's flag flying, and that he could not reach any conclusions as to the probable
results of General Miller's arrival ; that he saw the latter on the evening of the 27th and
reported to him fully the situation as he had found it. On the morning of the 27th I
telegraphed Admiral Dewey, at Cavite, as follows :
Nothing from Colonel Potter. Capiz reports having seen vessel ofl'shore last evening
and thinks that possibly insurgent authorities there would not permit landing. If Pot^
ter remains at Iloilo, Rios still holds out. Should he arrive here within the next twelve
hours, Rios has evacuated.
I thereafter telegraphed Admiral Dewey the substance of two dispatches as soon as
delivered, which were as follows :
Iloilo, December 2h.
Treaty of Paris signed ; my Government orders me to go to Manila, where I shall
arrive at end of month, and in accordance with your excellency will hasten repatriation.
General Rios.
Also,
Steamer which arrived yesterday at Capiz is Spanish gunboat Elcano. Iloilo evacu-
ated on the 24th.
This last message was received from the cable company. I also telegraphed the
Admiral that "Colonel Potter not having reported, I am inclined to think that Span-
iards still hbld Iloilo." I then cabled the following : ^
Adjutant General, Washington :
Iloilo expedition left last night. Reported that Spanish forces evacuated 24th instant.
Report not confirmed. General Miller fully instructed as to action whether Spanish
forces there or not. Action to accord fully with President's directions. Will cable
results as soon as possible. Expedition should reach Iloilo to-morrow morning.
As soon as Colonel Potter had received instructions to proceed, as above indicated,
the following was issued :
General Orders, ) Headquarters Department Pacific
No. 39. 1 AND Eighth Army Corps,
Manila, P. J., December fA, 1898.
I.— Brig. Gen. Marcus P. Miller, U. S. V., is assigned to the command of the follow-
ing-named troops, viz :
Light Battery G, Sixth U. S. Artillery.
Eighteenth U. S. Infantry.
Fifty-first Iowa Infantry.
And will proceed with them to Iloilo, island of Panay, by transports Newport, Ari-
zona, sm^ Pennsylvania, under such naval escort as the rear admiral commanding the
Asiatic squadion may furnish him, and there execute the special instructions he will
receive from these headquarters.
The troops will constitute a separate brigade within the meaning of the Seventy-
third Article of War, to be known and designated as the First Separate Brigade of the
Eighth Army Corps. They will be equipped and supplied as orders already and here-
after to be issued indicate.
The following-named officers will constitute the staff of the First Separate Brigade
of the Eighth Army Corps :
First Lieut. C. G. Woodward, Third U. S. Artillery, aid, acting assistant adjutant
general.
Capt. John B. Jeflferey, U. S. V., quartermaster.
Capt. C. R. Rrauthoff", commissary of subsistence, U. S. V., commissary.
Maj. E. R, Morris, brigade surgeon, U. S. V., chief surgeon.
By command of Major General Otis. Thomas H. Barry,
Assistant Adjutant General.
General Miller and the Iowa regiment of volunteers had recently arrived. The regi-
ment remained on the transport prepared for departure. Light Battery G, Sixth Regi-
ment U. S. Artillery and the Eighteenth Infantry had been directed to hold themselves
in readiness for this expected service. Carefully prepared instructions were then issued,
of which the following is a copy :
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 443
Office United States Militaky Governor,
Hpjadquarters Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps,
Manila, P. L, December 2A, 1898,
Brig. Gen. Marcus P. Mili^er, U. S. V.,
Comina7iding First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps.
Sir: In obedience to the instructions of the President of the United States, dated
the 28d instant, directing that troops be sent to Uoilo, island of Panay, there "to pre-
serve the peace and protect life and property," your command has been selected for this
duty and has been ordered to depart therefor on Monday next, the 26th instant.
Those instructions contain the following cautionary language :
" It is most important that there should be no conflict with the insurgents. Be con-
ciliatory, but Arm."
When they were given it was supposed that the Spanish forces in Uoilo and in con-
flict with the insurgent inhabitants of the island would retain their hold of the city
until the arrival of United States troops, when they would transfer all authority to the
latter and peaceably evacuate. From cable dispatches received this morning from
northern Panay, it is feared that the Spanish troops may surrender the city to the
insurgents before your arrival, in which event your duties will become more compli-
cated and will require delicate and skillful action for successful prosecution. However,
every possible precautionary measure has been taken to retain Spanish forces there.
Yesterday a telegram was sent to northern Panay, the limit of to^iegraphic communica-
tion with Uoilo, advising the commanding general of those forces of your early depart-
ure for that port, and this evening a fast vessel will be dispatched carrying the same
information, but it is possible that these measures may fail to accomplish desired results.
In the event of your arrival at Uoilo prior to the departure of the Spanish troops
therefrom, you will communicate with their commanding general, inviting him, in
accordance with an existing mutual understanding, to then remove his forces, to permit
you to take formal possession of the city and thereupon with his consent you w-ill pro-
ceed to occupy the same with your command. If, on the contrary, you find the city to
be in the possession of the insurgents, you will proceed with great caution, avoiding all
manifestation of mediated forcible action and undue display of force. You will place
yourself in communication with the insurgent authorities through the representative
men of Uoilo, whom you will take from Manila with you on your voyage, who will use
their best endeavors to bring to a successful determination any difficulties which may
present themselves. You will make known to the inhabitants the purpose of the United
States, which, having succeeded to all the rights of Spain in the Philippine Islands,
under treaty stipulations following conquest in the Eastern and Western hemispheres,
intends to establish among them an efficient and most stable form of government which
shall fully protect them in all their private interests and liberties, in which they shall
have representation, and which will secure for them increasing and jabundan't pros-
perity. As the slight proof of your declared intention, you will release unto them the
Spanish native soldiers sent here by the Spanish Government, who, through the efforts
of the United States authorities, will be returned to their homes in Panay, who will
accompany you and who are grateful for the supervision which those authorities have
exercised over them. You will find the representative people of Iloilo a superior class
and amenable to reason, and it is believed that they will place confidence in the faith
and good intentions of the United States and will accord you a most favorable recep-
tion. No undue haste will be made and the rights of your Government will be
fully made known and insisted upon. Conflict between troops will be avoided unless
it becomes necessary for defense. Should you be able to eflect a landing as a result of
your negotiations you will disembark only a sufficient portion of your command to
subserve present purposes — the remainder being held on transports awaiting further
instructions. Should you not be able to effect a landing without conflict, you will hold
your forces on your transports in the vicinity of Iloilo and await further directions
from these headquarters. But in all these matters you must be governed to a great
extent by your own good judgment after a careful deliberation upon conditions, having
in view the instructions of the President of the United States to avoid armed repression.
The government which you are called upon to establish at Iloilo will be one of mili-
tary occupation. Upon taking possession it will be your duty to issue an order pro-
claiming such a government within the territory occupied or controlled by United
States forces under your command. The municipal laws of the territory occupied, such
as affect private rights of persons and property and provide for the punishment of
crime, are to be considered as continuing in force so far as compatible with the new
order of things, unless suspended or superseded by proper military authority. The
judges and other officials connected with the administration of these laws may, if they
accept the authority of the United States, continue to administer the ordinary law of
the land as between man and man, but under the supervision of the said military
authorities. The local courts thus continued in power shall not, however, exercise
jurisdiction over any crime or offense committed by any person belonging to the Army
of the United States, or any retainer of the Army, or person serving with it, or any
person furnishing or transporting army supplies, nor over any crime or offense com-
mitted on either of the same by any inhabitant or temporary resident of said territory.
In such cases, except when courts-martial have cognizance, jurisdiction to try and
punish is vested in military commissions and provost courts which will be convened
(by you) from time to time as occasion may require.
B^or the purpose of providing for the prompt punishment of crime in cases where the
civil courts may fail, from whatever cause, the military commissions and provost
courts will, in addition to the exercise of powers above indicated, be vested with juris-
diction concurrent with the civil courts to hear and determine all crimes and offenses
committed by inhabitants or temporary residents within the limits of United States
occupation. Of these crimes and offenses, those which are capital and such others as
you may desire to refer to it will be brought to trial before the military commission.
Hosted by
Google
444 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
and those which are not capital, which may be adequately punished with the punish-
ing powers of provost courts, may be referred to them for trial. Trials by civil courts,
however, will be preferred where there is satisfactory reason to believe that justice will
be done.
In all sentences imposed by military commissions and provost courts the punish-
ments awarded shall conform, as far as possible, in character and degree to the laws of
the United States, or of either of the States, or to the customs of war. The proceedings
of military commissions after being acted upon by you will be forwarded to these head-
quarters for the action of the commanding general. The punishment awarded by
provost courts shall not exceed confinement, with or without hard labor, for a period of
one year, or a fine of $1,000, or both. The sentences of these courts do not reciuire
approval, but may be mitigated or remitted by you. Copies of orders on these subjects,
the provisions of which control the action of the military courts established in this
city, will be furnished you for your inforniation and guidance and for application under
conditions similar to those prevailing here.
It will be necessary for you to create a government for the determination of city
affairs under the direct supervision of a provost marshal, to appoint officers and assist-
ants for the collection and care of revenue, and to conduct postal affairs. The customs
regulations in force here will be applied by you at Uoilo, and an officer connected there-
with has been directed to report to you for appointment as collector of customs, who
will be provided with copies of all customs regulations and the necessary blank forms.
You will be furnished with the requisite assistants, thoroughly supplied, to establish
upon your arrival all necessary mail facilities, and you will apply in this department
the postal laws of the United States Government.
Iloilo is an important point of entry, and to secure competent aid for duty in connec-
tion with the port you will consult Captain Dyer of the Navy, commanding officer of
the jBaZ^'imore, which escorts your transports, who has a thorough practical acquaint-
ance with such matters.
In establishing your administration you will consult various orders and regulations
governing all these subjects at this port — making your actions conform thereto in all
essential particulars. No further instruction can be given you. Much must depend
upon your tact and discretion and your ability to meet varying circumstances as they
arise. However, should you fail to secure a peaceable entry into the city, you will
report fully your proceedings to these headquarters request further instructions.
By command of Major General Otis.
Thomas H. Barry.
Assistant Adjutant General.
On the evening of General Miller's departure the following was also furnished him :
Headquarters Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps,
Manila, P. I., December m, 1S9S.
Brig. Gen. M. P. Milt.er, U. S. V.,
Cominanding First Separate Brigade^ Eighth Army Corps.
Sir: I am directed by the major general commanding to furnish you with the fol-
lowing in structioi:^s :
In case the Spanish forces have evacuated Iloilo, you will, on approaching that city,
keep your transports Arizona and JPennsylvania well to the rear and beyond the view of
the inhabitants of Iloilo, and you will take into the Iloilo waters your naval escorts, the
Baltimore and Callao, and the transport vessel Union, on which are the native Spanish
troops, with your vessel, the Newport. You will make known to the insurgent authori-
ties the object of bringing the large force with you, which is, viz : To take possession of
other ports in the islands, if conditions and circunistances are favorable, but that it
may be necessary to keep troops at Iloilo until definite instructions concerning other
ports of the islands are received from AVashingtbn.
Very respectfully, Thomas H. Barry,
Assistant Adjutant General.
General M;iller, in command, escorted by the United States steamship Baltimore,
sailed on the evening of the 26th, and as Colonel Potter did not return until the morn-
ing of the 28th, we were without any information for thirty-six hours. In the mean
time reports were brought that Aguinaldo had expressed satisfaction with the situation,
as fighting would certainly commence at Iloilo upon the landing of our troops, which
would excite the natives in Luzon to active hostilities. He had issued orders, it was
intimated, to oppose landing, but feared that a considerable force of Tagalos sent there
would not be in time to participate. It was afterwards learned that these special insur-
gent troops did riot reach Panay until December 29th.
In the foregoing instrustions mention is made of representative men of Iloilo and
Spanish native soldiers, whom General Miller was directed to take with him, the first
to assist in making the object of the United States known and the latter in proof of
good intentions. The soldiers referred to were sent by General Rios to Manila for dis-
charge from the Spanish military service, without permission or warning. They were
about two hundred of a lot numbering six or seven hundred, and were Visayans
belonging mostly to Panay, while the remainder were Tagalos. They were discharged
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 445
upon arrival in the harbor, though not paid off, as the Spanish authorities pleaded lack
of sufficient public funds, and request was submitted to permit them to land in the city.
After much deliberation, it was decided to land such of them as desired to remain in
Luzon on the northern shore of Manila Bay, and to send to Panay those who desired to
go south. The two hundred, who were accompanied by their families, elected to go
south. They were placed upon a Government transport, rationed, each given a small
amount of money from the public funds, and departed for their homes with General
Miller's command. The representative business men had come up from Iloilo a short
time before for the purpose, as they asserted, of arranging matters with the Americans
so that there might be a peaceful solution of affairs. They were introduced by some of
the native citizens in whom confidence was placed, and expressed themselves as desir-
ous of having the United States troops go to Iloilo, and to accompany them in order
that they might prevail upon the people to receive them without opposition. These
men were intelligent and apparently very much in earnest, and General Miller, who
was present at the last conference, shared fully my opinion as to their honesty. He took
them with him on his own transport and gave the best accommodations the vessel
otfered, free of charge. Upon arrival at Iloilo, he sent them into the city to prepare the
way for him and they were seen no more. He landed the discharged native soldiers on
the Panay coast, and it is believed that they joined the insurgent ranks without taking
much time for consideration. It was subsequently ascertained that while temporarily
sojourning in Manila one of these representative men quietly visited Malolos, and
received Aguinaldo's orders, which he carried with him to his people.
Lieutenant Colonel Potter, when returning from Iloilo, had met the command of
General Miller and had reported the situation to him when some distance north, off" the
Panay coast. Upon receiving his report, and being ignorant of General Miller's move-
ments, I returned him at once with the following instructions :
Headquarters Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps,
Manila, P. J., December 28, 1898.
Brig. Gen. Marcus P. Miller, U. S. V.,
Commanding First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, Iloilo, P. I.
Sir: Lieutenant Colonel Potter has just arrived and reported the situation at Iloilo.
He reports the evacuation by the Spanish forces, and that the insurgents are in full pos-
session ; he further reports that those authorities were anticipating your arrival, and
that there was a widely prevailing sentiment in the city in favor of receiving your forces
without resistance. All of this, Colonel Potter informed me, he made known to you
when he consulted you yesterday on his return trip.
To meet this state of afl'airs your instructions need modification, although it is
believed you will grasp the situation as presented and be governed by conditions. Your
instructions bid you to be conciliatory but firm, and, further, that you will not make
any great display of force, but seek to gain possession of the city through peaceable
negotiations, not exercising undue haste ; that should you fail to secure a peaceable
entry into the city you will report fully your proceedings to these headquarters and
request further instructions.
By firmness and conciliatory action it is believed that you will be able to land your
force without conflict, but you will make as strong a display of the same as possible,
landing them and taking possession' of the city forcibly, if more pacific measures are
without avail. It is, of course, necessary now, in this stage of the proceedings, to occupy
Iloilo, and the manner of doing so must be left to your discretion, avoiding conflict if
possible, but accepting it if necessary to accomplish the object.
Information received here is to the effect that the insurgent forces are weak in
strength even when united — that they are not united, but are divided in their senti-
ments toward the United States Government, the majority being friendly disposed.
No further instructions can be given you, and there is no disposition to limit your
discretionary action. Conduct affiairs in accordance with the demands of the situation,
having in view always the necessity of occupying the city with your troops.
Colonel Potter will return as soon as you report to him the situation, unless you wish
to retain him for a short time to acquaint him with results of action already taken or
action which you meditate.
Very respectfully, E. S. Otis,
Major General, U, S. V., Commanding,
Since writing the above I am in receipt of information from the Malolos government,
which was gathered yesterday. Its former cabinet resigned a few days ago because of
its inability to agree with Aguinaldo and his confidential advisers. A new provisional
cabinet has been appointed, consisting of men hostile to American annexation, among
whom are a number of army officers. These men are closely watching the results of
Hosted by
Google
446 OREGOIS^ VOLUNTEEKS IN SPANISH WAR.
your expedition and greatly hope that you will be obliged to use force to gain Hollo.
They think that conflict there would inspire the people here to take up arms against the
Americans. It is therefore still quite necessary to avoid force if you can do so and still
succeed.
E. S. Otis,
Majo7^ General, U. S. V., Commanding.
Headquartees Depabtment Pacif:^c and Eighth Akmy Coups,
Manila, F, J., December 28, 1898.
Lieut. Col. C. L. Pottek,
Chief Engineer Officer, Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps.
Sir : Siiice delivering to you instructions for General Miller, I am In receipt of a dis-
patch from Admiral Dewey saying it is not practicable to send the Callao to Iloilo, and
he further thinks the proper thing now to do is to recall the expedition, as the insur-
gents are in full possession and will probably not give up without a fight. This expres-
sion of view on the part of the Admiral only confirms my view that you should use
every possible means of conciliation, and still I am not of the belief that the expedition
can be returned. Better that we leave the war vessel and a small force to confront Iloilo
and scatter the fbrce to other ports in the southern islands, where troops are very much
needed at the present time. You will therefore inform General Miller to be governed by
these views as nearly as possible. I will try and send further information in regard to
the condition of the islands to-morrow or next day. Notwithstanding all this, I still
hold to my view that Iloilo must be taken.
Very respectfully, E. S. Otis,
Major General, V. S. V., Commanding.
Lieutena,nt Colonel Potter sailed as soon as he had received these instructions. I then
cabled to the Adjutant General of the Army such information as I had obtained from
Iloilo, adding in my dispatch that I could not arrive at conclusions as to results, and
would not hear from there for four days, as cable communication had been destroyed ;
the Spanish forces had evacuated all stations in ttie southern islands, except Zambo-
anga, by orders, as they asserted, from Madrid. On December 80th I cabled Washington
that —
All military stations outside of Luzon, with the exception of Zamboanga, turned
over by Spaniards to inhabitants, who may be denominated insurgents with more or
less hostility to the United States. Some points we can take without friction, and could
have taken nearly all outside of Luzon peaceably before the 23d and 24th of the month,
when Spain withdrew her forces without our knowledge. Am waiting to hear results
from Iloilo, and am meditating action in islands of Leyte, Samar, and Cebu, in all of
which Luzon insurgents have been at work for several months. Conditions here at
Manila and character of inhabitants not understood in the United States. Large num-
ber of insurgent troops still in the field, scattered throughout Luzon provinces, and
about 6,000 outside this city, which contains large number of sympathizers, who have
threatened uprising. Former insurgent cabinet disrupted. Provisional one formed,
consisting mostly of irresponsible men who demand complete independence and war
with the United States. The situation requires delicate manipulation, and our troops
here can not be widely scattered at present. Great majority of men of property desire
annextion, others seek personal advancement and plunder, and promises of which hold
insurgents together, but already much dissatisfaction in ranks and conflicts with inhab-
itants in middle provinces. Will report further in a few days. Am in consultation with
Admiral Dewey, now engaged in effort to stop shipments of insurgent arms from China
and Japan through meditated seizure. We will probably send another force south within
a short time.
General Miller's first report was received at these headquarters on the morning of
December 30th, and was as follows :
Headquarters First Brigade, Eighth Army Corps,
On Board Transport Newport,
Iloilo Marbor, P. I., December 28, 1898 — 3 p.m.
Adjutant General,
Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps.
Sir: I have the honor to report that my command arrived in the harbor of Iloilo
about 10 A. M. to-day. The Arizona and Pennsylvania were left at Point Luzaron, thirty
miles away. The Baltimore and Neivport anchored off the city.
An aid of the commanding general, Martin Delgado, immediately reported aboard
my ship. I gave him an interview. He reported that the commanding general desired
to know "if we had anything against them — were we going to interfere with them ;'"
I informed him that I had written a letter stating to his commariding officer and the
people of Iloilo the object of my visit, and would send the letter over. Accordingly,
Lieut. M. K. Barroll, Third Artillery, and two volunteer aids and the commission went
to visit the commanding general. Tbey were met by a subcommittee, of tbe committer
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 447
of which R. Lopez was president, General Delgado being present. My aids gave them
my letter (a copy inclosed). They wanted to know of Lieutenant Barroll almost at the
very first whether he had any instructions for them from Aguinaldo. He answered no;
but that the instructions were from Major General Otis, commanding the Philippine
Islands United States forces. After reading the letter they claimed that they had no
power to act in cases affecting their federal government, but promised to meet me on
my ship to-morrow afternoon.
When we entered their flag was flying from two places in the city. At 3 p. m. to-day
it was not flying. I presume this was because my letter claimed the authority of the
Spanish Government over Iloilo, as it was abandoned by the Spanish troops.
They were polite, but I think them determined not to give us control, except we use
force, when they will yield without much fighting. They have taken charge of the cus-
tomhouse and post office. They know that our troop ships are off Point Luzaron, there-
fore I ordered them in to-night — not nearer than six miles.
The city is quiet, but the white citizens, especially Americans, are afraid. Their force
is estimated at 800 well-armed men, 1,000 badly-armed men, 1,000 men with guns, pikes,
etc.; ammunition not supposed to be abundant.
I am told now that the members of the commission are afraid to express an opinion
in our favor. The fact thai their people are in possession of the city has changed the
views of the many wavering ones. The longer they remain in possession collecting
customs, running post offices, the more they will be confirmed in the idea that they can
do it. I should recommend that force be used at once, in which case I desire the Callao,
or some other light-draf L boat, and the California heavy artillery battalion sent down
till the place is taken. With the forces now here and that in addition I would not
e xpect to fire a single shot, as the native troops would never move out. I will keep you
informed.
Very respectfully, M. P. Miller,
Brigadier General, U. 8. V., Commanding First Separate Brigade,
The following is a copy of the inclosure referred to in the above communication :
Headquartebs First Brigade, Eighth Army Corps,
On Board Transport Newport,
Iloilo Harbor, P. I., December ^8, 1898.
Commanding Officer of the Troops at Iloilo, Island of Panay,
AND the People or Iloilo and the Island of Panay:
The troops under my command appeared here under an order of the President of the
United States of America promulgated by Major General Otis, commanding all of the
troops of the United States in the Philippine Islands. It is accompanied by the United
States naval ship Baltimore, sent by Admiral Dewey, commanding the United States
squadron in these Asiatic waters.
When these orders were communicated to me it was supposed that the troops of Spain
were still in possession of Iloilo, and that the transfer of possession and governmental
authority would be by them to representatives of the Government of the United States,
which has succeeded by virtue of conquest supplemented by treaty stipulations, to all
the rights heretofore exercised by Spain in these islands. Upon arrival I find that the
city of Iloilo is in the reported possession of native troops. The intention of this letter
is to place myself in communication with those now exercising authority at Iloilo, with
the view to the accomplishment of my mission to this place as above indicated.
This communication will be handed you by my aid, Lieut. M. K. Barroll, Third
Artillery, who is accompanied by four gentlemen, former residents of Iloilo, who will
make known to you more in detail the purposes of the presence of my command at this
place.
There accompany my command on the steamship Union certain Spanish soldiers,
natives of the island of Panay, whom it is my purpose, at a later date, to release with
the privilege of returning to their homes, an act which it is hoped will be interpreted as
an evidence of the good will of the major general commanding in the Philippines,
under whose orders I am acting.
I shall be pleased to receive a call from representatives of those to whom this com-
munication is addressed on board the transport Newport at as early an hour as your
convenience will allow.
Very respectfully, M. P. Miller,
Brigadier General, U. S. V.,
Commanding First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps.
General Miller's second report, dated December 30th, and forwarded by a merchant
vessel, is as follows :
HEADCilTARTBRS FiRST SEPARATE BRIGADE,
On Board Transport Newport,
Iloilo Harbor, P. I., December 30, 1898.
Adjutant General Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps:
Sir: I want to report that a committee of people having civil control of the city of
Iloilo and claiming also control of the island, met me here yesterday at 6 p. m., and
again claimed that they could not turn over the control of Iloilo to my command with-
out consulting Aguinaldo. Should they agree to do it their lives and property would be
in danger. After a long talk, setting forth the intention of our Government, explaining
the kind of government, and reading to them extracts of your letter of instructions in
reference to the same matter, I told them there was no time to consult Aguinaldo, and
Hosted by
Google
448 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
my demand was that the President of the United States, as successor to the rights of
Spain in these islands, required them to turn over the control of the city of Uoilo. I
then asked them directly: -'Should we land, would you meet us with armed resist-
ance?" They could not answer that question. I asked them if they would not have
their troops march out of the city and permit us, their friends, to move in without
resistance to-morrow, the 31st instant. They requested time to consult with the com-
mittee that they represented, promising to return with a definite reply at noon, Decem-
ber 30th (to-day). ' ^
Lieutenant Colonel Potter, corps engineer, arrived here yesterday evening with a
letter of instructions from you to me. It is ray intention to land troops in twenty-fOur
hours, after having served notice on the foreign consuls of the city and the people to
that effect. ■ . -, ^ , ^ • <,
The estimate of armed native troops to-day is 3,500, who are said to be massed m the
city and at Jaro and Molo, and six or seven thousand from the mountains armed with
boios, who are massed at the same places. .,
I think I should have the Twentieth Kansas Regiment sent to me as soon as possible;
20,000 rounds of .45 calibre ammunition for Gatling guns should be supplied. Two field
mortars (3.6 inches), with equipments and supply of ammunition, should be sent to me
at once.
I forward this communication by the steamer Union.
M. P. MiLLEB,
Brigadier General, U. S. v., Commanding Brigade.
General Miller's next report is dated December 31st, and was received on January 2d.
It is as follows: ^ ^
Headquarters Separate Brigade,
Jloilo Harbor, P. I., December 30, 1898.
CO]!ilMANDING GENERAI. DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC, Manila, P. I.
Sir: I have just concluded second conference with commission representing the
native government at lloilo. They submitted a communication, copy inclosed here-
with :
This communication was supplemented by verbal statements that if we insisted on
landing our troops, but without arms and as friends, they could not answer for the
attitude of the people, but that the army would endeavor to restrain the people. If
\ye landed in force they would not answer for attitude of either army or people. This
means, plainly, armed resistance to our landing. . . , ,. . ^
A large number of native troops have been brought to the city withm the past thirty-
six hours. Best estimate, 12,000, 2,500 of which are armed with rifles, the remainder Deing
armed with bolos only. Their ammunition supply reported limited.
The situation is further complicated by petition of lloilo merchants, representing the
larger part of mercantile interests there, copy of which find herewith.
I understand, General, that it was at the request of many of the parties signing this
petition for protection of life and property at lloilo that this expedition was organized
and dispatched to this point ; that their request was largely its justification. Their
present attitude contradicts their previous petition in a nieasure, and as the situation,
if forced by me by a landing of United States troops, promises great loss of life among
noncombatants and destruction of private property at lloilo, I have deemed it best
to delay compliance with my orders for a sufficient time to communicate the above
information to you and receive your instructions. I am further influenced to this delay
because of the fact that before making the formidable attack upon lloilo now necessary,
it would be incumbent upon me to give the usual notice looking to the removal of non-
combatants to points of safety. , , ^, ., .., x^ T. *
I entertain no doubt of my ability to take and hold lloilo with my present force, but
in view of excitement prevailing among inhabitants of the city and island as reported
to me, and the large number of people assembled in the city, it might be prudent to send
an additional regiment to this point.
Two steam launches suitable for towing rowboats for use in landing troops are much
needed. ^- ^ ^^
Very respectfully, ■ M. P. Mii^lbr,
Brigadier General Commanding.
The inclosure reads :
(Translation of the letter from President Lopez, of the federal government of
Bisayas, to General Miller.)
GENERAii : Upon the return of your commissioners last night we determined and dis -
cussed in a definite manner the situation and the attitude of this reason of Bisayas, in
regard to its relations and dependence upon the central government of Luzon ; and in
view of what these commissioners have manifested, I have the honor to notify you that,
in conjunction with the people, the army, and committee, we insist upon our pretension
not to consent, in our present Situation, to any foreign interference without express
orders from the central government of Luzon, upon which we state once more that We
depend, and with which we are one in ideas, as we have been until now in sacrifices.
Therefore, if you insist on your side upon disembarking your forces, this is our final
attitude.
May God give you, etc. ^* LOPEZ,
lloilo, December 30, 1898, President.
To General M11.1.ER. Vice Secretary.
The petition of merchants bore the signatures of the leading business men of lloilo,
was of date December 29th, and read as follows :
Hoste(d by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 449
General MilXiER,
Commanding United States Forces, Iloilo Bay :
We, the undersigned merchants of Iloilo, beg you to take into consideration our large
interests and the probable result of a conflict with the natives, which in our belief would
seriously prejudice and harm the trade of these islands for years to come. We ask you
to consider the orders they have received from their chief, Aguinaldo, of Malolos.
General Miller further reported on same date (probablj^ a later hour of the day) that
the situation remained unchanged, except it was rumored that two hundred armed men
arrived at Iloilo from Negros. He continued :
I this morning requested the commanding officer of the Baltimore, if compatible with
his instructions, to take such measures as he deemed necessary to prevent the entrance
of vessels carrying armed men into the Iloilo River, hie happened in after I got my
letter written, and I brought the subject up. Orally he informed me that he had no
right to do this ; that under his instructions he does not feel authorized to commence the
attack, and acts in defense of our expedition only.
The insurgents have occupied an old star fort at the point of the peninsula, the site of
Iloilo, the fire of which sweeps beaches on which we propose to land. My troops have
got to commence the attack ; I therefore shall put a mountain and gatling gun in boats
tind open fire on their fort and a storehouse near it filled with troops, at 2,500 yards, thus
inviting the captain of the Baltimore to help defend us by attacking the enemy to the
best effect.
We are aware that on the successful accomplishment of this contest depends the
future speedy yielding of insurrectionary movements in the islands. The insurgents
raised their flag over the fort this morning. The action as above entitled will be con-
tingent on future instructions to be received from the department commander.
Very respectfully,
M. P. M1LI.ER,
Brigadier General, U. S. A.
The excitement in Manila and Malolos over this Iloilo affair became rapidly more
intense and manifested itself in unmistakable signs of danger to the still languishing
peace should an attack be made by our troops upon that city. Aguinaldo's government
was now in full possession of very radical men, the majority of whom desired war in
any event, and it was in a great measure dominated by his army. These men desired
some immediate action on the part of the United States by which they might be able to
arouse the opposition of the inhabitants against its troops, and anticipated hostilities
at Iloilo appeared to them to oflFer the desired material.
I had also incidentally heard from Iloilo that General Miller would probably meet
with insurgent opposition should he attempt to make a landing there. Knowing the
great desire of the United States Government to maintain peace by all honorable
means, maturely considering the situation in Luzon which had been so quickly devel-
oped, meditating the transfer later of more troops to Iloilo when the unnatural excite-
ment should be allayed, and an opportunity presenting itself to communicate with
General Miller by a British man-of-war, whose captain courteously offered to take any
message I might desire to send, I sent on the evening of December 29th the following
hastily prepared communication :
Hbadquaetbbs Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps,
Ma/nila, P. I., December 29, 1898.
Brig. Gen. Marcus P. Miller, U. S. V.,
Commanding First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, Iloilo, Panay.
Sir : This will be delivered to you by Captain Montgomery, of the British navy, who
leaves for Iloilo in the morning. I enclose copy of our translation of a cablegram
received to-day in cipher, from which you will understand the position and policy of
our Government toward these islands.
Do not be in haste with your negotiations for the surrender of the city. Should there
be strong and very decided opposition to your entry, backed by considerable force, do
not be in haste. It will not do to bombard the city, nor will it do to let the natives loot
and burn it. Foreigners have large possessions there and a great deal of money in the
banks. You can remain in the harbor with your force. If you meet with decided or
strong opposition, await there further instructions, and if necessary I can direct a por-
tion of your force to other ports in the southern islands, where you will not meet much,
if any, opposition. I trust in your discretion.
Very truly, yours, E. S. Otis,
Major General, XT. S. V., Commanding.
I contemplated at the time the sending of the First California Volunteers to the
southern waters as soon as conditions at Manila would justify the weakening of the
military force here, and immediately directed that regiment to be put in readiness for
29
Hosted by
Google
450 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
embarkation. It was placed on board five small merchant vessels preparatory to sail-
ing at any directed moment, was retained thereon for several days, when Luzon atfairs
indicating that it might be required for use in Manila in a short time it was returned to
its former barracks.
The cablegram referred to in the above letter to General Miller was the proclamation
of the President received in cipher. The translation was completed about an hour
before the letter was written, and was transmitted to General Miller to inform him of
the policy which the Government intended to pursue. Neither its contents nor feasi-
bility of immediate issue had been carefully considered. No direction for its publica-
tion had been given and it was not supposed th£^t it would be proclaimed at Iloilo. The
general, however, under the impression that it had been transmitted for publication,
issued it very soon after it was received, and in his letter of January 6th informed me as
follows :
Three days ago I sent to the governing committee (R. Lopez, president,) a copy of
the letter of instructions of the President, and asked that they permit the entry of my
troops. No answer has been received, and I expect none. I had copies of the Presi-
dent's instructions translated into Spanish and distributed to the people in various
ways, and am informed that the people laugh at it. The insurgents call us cowards,
and are fortifying the old fort at the point of the peninsula, and are mounting old
smooth-bore guns left by the Spaniards. They are intrenching everywhere, are bent on
having one fight, and are confident of victory. As I informed you in my letter of yes-
terday, I believe we can now capture the city with the force now present, and with the
assistance of the Navy without the loss of much life and without much destruction of
property, and should we destroy it all I believe it would he of advantage to the city, as a
newer city would be built up soon. The character of the natives, having been under the
subjugation of Spain so long, is such that once well punished they will submit to fate.
The people are superstitious and believe in fate, and now believe that fate will give
them victory.
His letter of the previous day, January 5th, is as follows :
Headquarters First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps,
On Board Transport Newport,
Iloilo Harbor, JP. I., January 5, 1899.
Adjutant GENERAii Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps :
Sir: I have the hionor to report the situation as quite serious. The native troops
now number over 4,000 well-armed men. There are more than 12,000 armed with bolos
and miscellaneous weapons. They are constantly intrenching about the fort and at
the mouth of the Iloilo River. I do not allow any one on shore, as the insurgent
commander sent me word that he would not be responsible for our unarmed men in
town. * * *
Last evening about 6.40 o'clock, just at dark, while at supper, the captain of the water
boat went toward the rear of the boat, where the guard was stationed, and suddenly
sprang at the guard with a knife, cat the head of one of the guards through the skull,
and the other one on the arm and jaw. The latter was knocked overboard and then
struck by the native on the head with an oar. One native then jumped overboard and
escaped; the two others were secured. A boat from the ship was lowered and picked
up the soldier in the water, who is not badly hurt. The soldier cut on the head is likely
to die, but there is a slight hope for his recovery.
I think the longer we wait before attack the harder it will be to put down the insur-
rection.
The city is entirely at the mercy of the Baltimore, and with her assistance, advancing
under her guns and Captain Bridgman's battery, T have no doubt we can drive the
insurgents out of the city, but their army will confront us outside. That situation
would be intolerable, even if firing ceases. I would therefore recommend that a force
sufficient to beat them badly in the open field should be prepared ready to send down,
if required , after the city is taken. Let no one convince you that peaceful measures can
settle the difficulty here, unless you first settle matters peacefully in Manila and Luzon
Island.
********
The English and German warships and all other large vessels in the harbor have
daily received refugees from the city. Many of the city people with their effects are
leaving on small coasting steamers for neighboring Islands.
Order appears to be maintained in the city, except for Americans, who feel humiliated
and want to get at them.
Very respectfully, M. P. Miller,
Brigadier General, U. S. F., Commanding.
After fully considering the President's proclamation and the temper of the Tagalos
with whom I was daily discussing political problems and the friendly intentions of the
United States Government toward them, I concluded that there were certain words and
expressions therein, such as "sovereignty," "right of eesslop," and those which directed
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 451
immediate occupation, etc., though miost admirably employed and tersely expressive of
actual conditions, might be advantageously used by the Tagalo war party to incite wide-
spread hostilities among the natives. The ignorant classes had been taught to believe
that certain words, as " sovereignty," " protection," etc., had peculiar meaning disas-
trous to their welfare and significant of future political domination, like that from
which they had recently been freed. It was my opinion, therefore, that I would be jus-
tified in so amending the paper that the beneficent object of the United States Govern-
ment would be brought clearly within the comprehension of the people, and this con-
clusion was the more readily reached because of the radical change of the past few days
in the constitution of Aguinaldo's government, which could not have been understood
at Washington at the time the proclamation was prepared. It was also believed that
the proclamation had been induced partially by the suggestions of the naval authorities
here, which three weeks previous, and while affairs were in a specific and comparatively
quiet state, had recomended "that the President issue a proclamation defining the
policy of the United States Government in the Philippine Islands and assuring the
inhabitants that it is our intention to interfere as little as possible in the internal affairs
of the islands. That as soon as they developed their capability for self-government
their powers and privileges will be increased. That will allay the spirit of unrest."
These authorities at that time recommended the government of the islands as a terri-
tory with a civilian as a governor, to be followed later by a naval and military commis-
sion, to determine questions of a naval and military character.
The amended proclamation was thereupon prepared, and fearing that General Miller
would give publicity to the former, copies of which, if issued, would be circulated soon
in Luzon, I again dispatched Lieutenant Colonel Potter to Uoilo, both to ascertain the
course of events there and to advise the commanding general of the dangers threaten-
ing in Luzon, and which might be augmented if any action was taken which the insur-
gents could make use of in furtherance of their unfriendly designs. General Miller
thought his action in making publication of the proclamation on January 3d correct, as
he had not been instructed to the contrary, and his opinion, he contended, was con-
firmed by a War Department dispatch which I had directed Colonel Potter to deliver to
him, and which he had received on January 6th. He was satisfied that the use he had
made of the proclamation was that contemplated by the War Department authorities,
but it was not long before it was delivered at Malolos and was the object of venomous
attack.
Nothing further of great moment transpired at Iloilo for several successive days, and
we return to the narrative of Manila events. General Miller, however, remained eager
for battle, and with his command restive under the taunts of the natives and criticisms
of foreign citizens, he repeatedly asked for permission to attack the city. Complications
of a civil nature were also arising, as shown in his communication of January 8th, of
which the following is a copy :
Headquarters First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps,
On Board Transport Newport,
Iloilo Harbor, P. J., Sunday, January 8, 1899 ~£ p. m.
Adjutant General Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps.
Sir : I have the honor to report, for the information of the major general command-
ing, that the situation here is not improving since my last report. I have not landed
the Fifty-first Iowa on the island opposite to Iloilo, as two boat crews of troops of the
Fifty-first Iowa landed on the 5th instant and were met by over 75 to 100 natives armed
with various weapons, rifles, shotguns, and knives, who asked them their business and
warned them off with threats of bringing out more troops if they did not go away. The
men of the regiment are well, and the colonel does not desire to land under such circum-
stances of hostility. The insurgents are still at work fortifying; last night they sunk
four mud scows at the mouth of Iloilo River to prevent pasvsage of our Navy. This did
not annoy us, as the PetreVs place for action, if we have one, is undisturbed. The city is
so completely under the control of the warships of the Navy that we are indifferent as
to what the insurgents do. When the time comes nothing can save insurgents in the city
but flight. The subject most disturbing to our American minds is that a Dutch ship is
loading with sugar ; who shall collect the duty is a question. Captain Evans and I dis-
cussed the question last evening without conclusion. The duties will amount to 55,000,
quite a snug sum, with which the insurgents will be able to buy machine guns, etc., if
we leave them alone. Other ships arriving will add more and more to their revenues,
Hosted by
Google
452 ORE^GON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
The port ought to be clbsed, if it is a practical thinj?, after due notice to foreign gov-
ernments. We need here two good steam launches capable of towing a line of rowboats
rapidly for landing purposes. We can not get them herewithout seizing them, and the
good ones are under the protection of foreign flags.
As to the insurgents yielding to the order of the President and allowing occupation,
it will not be done unless the central government at Malolos directs them to do so. If
we have to fight at Manila and here, I should think it better to strike the first blow here,
as, with the assistance of the navy, result in our favor can scarcely be doubted.
Very respectfully,
-^ ^ M. P. MIM.EK,
Brif/adier General, U. S. V., Commanding.
Full official Iloilo correspondence, which was carried on about this date, together
with reported interviews on the situation, will be found in the accompanying report of
Brigadier General Hughes, U. S. V., now commanding there. They are of interest and
of considerable ihaportance as showing the then existing attitude of Spanish civil oflft-
cials toward our Government.
The amended proclamation of January 4th appeared in the English, Spanish, and
Tagalo languages, and was published in Manila through newspapers and posters. The
English text was as follows :
PROCLAMATION.
Office of tpie Military Governor op the Philippine Islands,
Manila, P. J., January k, 1899.
To tfie People of the Philippine Islands .-
Instructions of His Excellency the President of the United States relative to the
administration of affairs in the Philippine Islands have been transmitted to me by
direction of the honorable the Secretary of War, under date of December 28, 1898. They
direct me to publish and proclairn, in the most public manner to the inhabitants of
these islands that in the war against Spain the United States forces came here to destroy
the power of that nation and to give the blessings of peace and individual freedom to
the Philippine peox^le; that we are here as friends of the Filipinos; to protect them in
their homes, their employments, their individual and religious liberty, and that all per-
sons who, either by active aid or honest endeavor, cooperate with the Government of
the United States to give effect to these beneficial purposes, will receive the reward of its
support and protection.
The President of the United States has assumed that the municipal laws of the coun-
try in respect to private rights and property and the repression of crime are to be consid-
ered as continuing in force in so far as they be applicable to a free people, and should be
administered by the ordinary tribunals of justice, presided over by representatives of
the people and those in thorough sympathy with them in their desires for good govern-
ment ; that the functions and duties connected with civil andmunicipal administration
are to be performed by such officers as wish to accept the assistance of the United States,
chosen in so far as it may be practicable from the inhabitants of the islands ; that while
the management of public property and revenues and the use of all public means of
transpprtation are to be conducted under the military authorities, until such authori-
ties can be replaced by civil administration, all private property, whether of individuals
or corporations, must be respected and protected. If private property be taken for
military uses it shall be paid for at a fair valuation in cash if possible, &nd when pay-
ment in cash is not practicable at the time, receipts therefor will be given to be taken up
and liquidated as soon as cash becomes available. The ports of the Philippine Islands
shall be open to the commerce of all foreign nations, and goods and merchandise not
prohibited for military reasons by the military authorities shall be admitted upon pay-
ment of such duties and charges as shall be in force at the time of importation.
The President concludes his instructions in the following language :
"Finally, it should be the earnest and paramount aim of the Administration to win
the confidence, respect, and affection of the inhabitants of the Philippines by insuring
to them in every possible way the full measure of individual rights and liberty which is
the heritage of a free people, and by proving to them that the mission of the United
States is one of beneficent assimilation, which will substitute the mild sway of justice
and right for arbitrary rule. In the fulfillment of this high mission, while upholding
the temporary administration of affairs for the greatest good of the governed, there will
be seduously maintained the strong arm of authority to repress disturbance, and to
overcome all obstacles to the bestowalof the blessings of good and stable government
upon the people of the Philippine Islands.'^
From the tenor and substance of the above instructions of the President, I am fully
of the opinion that it is the intention of the United States Government, while directing
affairs generally, to appoint the representative men now forming the controlling ele-
ment of the Filipinos to civil positions (if trust and responsibility, and it will be my aim
to appoint thereto such Filipinos as may be acceptable to the supreme authorities at
Washington
It is also my belief that it is the intention of the United States Government to draw
from the Filipino people so much of the military force of the islands as is possible and
consistent with a free and well-constituted government of the country, and it is my
desire to inaugurate a policy of that character. I am also convinced that it is the inten-
tion of the United States Government to seek the establishment of a most liberal gov-
ernment for the islands, in which the people themselves shall have as full representation
as the maintenance of law and order will permitj nntl which shall be susceptible of
Hosted by
Google
orb::gon volunteers in Spanish war. 453
development, on lines of increased representation and the bestowal of increased powers,
into a government as free and independent as is enjoyed by the most favored provinces
of the world.
It will be my constant endeavor to cooperate with the Filipino people, seeking the
good of the country, and I invite their full contidence and aid.
E. S. Otis,
Major General, XJ- S. F., MiUtarij Governor.
Before publication of this proclamation I endeavored to obtain from able Filipino
residents of the city an expression of opinion as to its probable effect upon the popula-
tion, but was not much encouraged. A few days thereafter they declared the publication
to have been a mistake, although the foreign residents appeared to believe the procla-
mation most excellent in tone and moderation, ottered everything that the most hostile
of the insurgents could expect, and undoubtedly would have a beneficial influence. It
was received by the better classes of natives with satisfaction, as it was the first author-
itative announcement of the attitude Avhich the United States assumed toward the
islands and declared the policy which it intended to pursue, and because the declared
policy was one which, in their opinion, conditions imperatively demanded should be
imposed for the interests of the Filipino people who were incapable of self-government.
The publication separated more widely the friendly and war factions of the inhabitants
and was the cause of exciting discussion.
The ablest of insurgent newspapers, which was now issued at Malolos and edited by
the uncompromising Luna, he who had been an openly declared enemy of the United
States from the time Manila capitulated, subsequently commanded an insurgent army
and was assassinated while exercising chief military command of the insurgent forces,
attacked the policy of the United States as declared in the proclamation, and its assump-
tion of sovereignty over the islands, with all the vigor of which he was capable. He
went further and contended that the policy as declared was merely a subterfuge to tem-
porarily quiet the people until measures could be inaugurated and applied to put in
practice all the odious features of government which Spain had employed. Everything
tended simply to a change of masters for the Filipino people without amelioration of
condition. This paper was published in Tagalo, had a considerable circulation, and was
assisted by other Tagalo publications. No statement reflecting upon the United States
Government and its troops in Manila was too base, untruthful, or improbable for news-
paper circulation, and unfortunately received credit by the more ignorant of the natives,
although the subject of ridicule or indignant comment by the abler Filipinos. Agui-
naldo met the proclara^ation by a counter one in which he indignantly protested against
the claim of sovereignty by the United States in the islands, which really had been con-
quered from the Spaniards through the blood and treasure of his countrymen, and abused
me for my assumption of the title of military governor. Even the women of Cavite
province, in a document numerously signed by them, gave me to understand that after
all the men were killed otF they were prepared to shed their patriotic blood for the liberty
and independence of their country. The eltbrts made by Aguinaldo and his assistants
made a decided impression on the inhabitants of Luzon outside of Manila, who acquired
an unfavorable opinion, to say the least, of an American citizen, whom of course few of
them had ever seen. The insurgent army was especially affected by this tirade of abuse
of Americans, but agreeably so, as it had met and conquered the soldiers of Spain and
only awaited an opportunity to demonstrate its invincibility in war with the United
States troops cooped up in Manila and whom it had commenced to insult and charge
with cowardice. Shortly before this time the insurgents had commenced the organiza-
tion of clubs in the city, in which now, I was informed, amounted to ten thousand.
The chief organizer was a shrewd mestizo, a former close companion of Aguinaldo, by
whom he had been commissioned to perform this work. He was a friend and associate
of some of our officers; was engaged in organizing the clubs only, as he stated, to give
the poorer classes amusement and education ; held public entertainments in athletics to
which our officers were invited, and in which our soldiers were asked to participate.
Gradually arms were being secretly introduced and bolos were being manufactured, and
distributed. The arms were kept concealed in buildings, any many of them were subse-
quently captured. The Chinamen were carrying on a lucrative busi ness in bolo making,
Hosted by
Google
454 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
but the provost inarshal bad cruelly seized considerable of their stock. These clubs
had received military organization and were commanded by cunning Filipino officers
regularly appointed by the Malolos government. The chief organizer departed after
organization had been perfected and thereafter became a confidential adviser in Malolos
affairs. This organization was the subject of grave apprehension, as it was composed of
the worst social element of the city, and was kept under police supervision as closely as
possible. It was also dreaded by the better class of Filipino inhabitants, many of whom
believed themselves selected for assassination on account of their expressed desires for
American protection. The streets of the city were thronged with unarmed insurgent
officers and enlisted men from the numerically increasing insurgent line on the out-
skirts, proud of their uniforms and exhibiting matchless conceit, amusing to our men,
who were apparently unconcerned observers, but who were quick to take in the rapidly
changing conditions.
In the midst of this suppressed excitement the city was comparatively quiet, crime
well suppressed, and business interests were flourishing. The merchants were active to
take advantages of all avenues of trade possible. Vessels were sent to the China coasts
for products to supply the southern ports, entered and cleared at the port of Hollo against
the protest of General Miller, and paid the accustomed charges on dutiable goods and
products to the insurgents, who had installed themselves there. United States consuls
at Singapore and Hongkong asked the perplexing question whether vessels could be
cleared for Iloilo and Cebu, and could be answered evasively only, as follows :
Manila, P. I., January .9, 1899.
United States Consul General Wildman, Hongkong.
United States not yet administering civil affairs at either Iloilo or Cebu. No new
consular action as to these ports should be inaugurated at present.
Otis.
The Manila Chamber of Commerce took this matter up for investigation and saw
that the rights of merchants in ports virtually at war with the United States were
denied. I was called upon for an explanation and addressed its secretary as follows :
Sir: I am in receipt of the communication of the Manila Chamber of Commerce of
yesterday, the 12th instant, in which I am informed that "the American consul at Hong-
kong declines to dispatch steamers or vessels for Cebu and Iloilo; also, that American
authorities here will not allow a steamer to come here with permission to proceed to
Cebu, and request information as to the course to be pursued in the immediate future
by the American authorities with regard to the above named ports."
In reply, I have the honor to inform you that the United States consul at Hongkong
having, on the 6th instant, made inquiry in the matter of clearing vessels at Hongkong,
for Iloilo and Cebu. was answered on the 9th instant, by cable, as follows :
"The United States not yet administering civil affairs at either Iloilo or Cebu. No
new consular action as to these ports should be inaugurated at present."
This message to the American consul is not considered authoritive by any means, as
we have no auLhority to give him directions, and the matter of clearing vessels at Hong-
kong rests entirelv within his discretion.
To the categorical questions which you submit I am pleased to return answer as
follows: .
To the first question my answer is: Not by any act of the United States authorities
at Manila. „ .,
To the second question I reply that : Trade can be conducted, in so far as the United
States authorities now in occupancy of these islands are concerned, the same as for-
merly. Vessels will be cleared from this port for ports of the islands until instructions
received from my Government indic^^te a contrary course of action.
To the third question I can only answer that: All the instructions thus far received
from my Government are embodied in the proclamation issued from this office on the
4th instant, which I inclose and to which I respectfully refer.
The consul for Great Britain wished to know why a British steamer had been sus-
piciously dealt with and was replied to as follows :
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of this
date, and to say in reply that the matter referred to therein will be investigated It is
reported that the steamer Zweena arrived from Singapore with a general cargo, a part of
which it appears is destined for Iloilo by same vessel. From reports received and decla-
rations made it was beUeved that she had on board contraband of war. The reports
received j ustified the action which has been taken in so far as search was concerned.
And again inquiring concerning seizure at Manila of a small steamer, in which a
British subject claimed to be interested, he received the following reply :
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEMSIIS IN SPANISH WAB. 455
Manila, P. I., January 2, ISOD.
Hon. H. A. Ramsden,
H. B. M. Consul, Manila, P. I.
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the
31st ultimo, inclosing copies of correspondence between yourself and Messrs. HoUiday,
Wise & Co., in the matter of the seizure by the United States authorities of the steamer
Laguna cle Bay in the Pasig River.
The seizure of this vessel became necessary for Government purposes, and before it
was made the owner of the same had been consulted. Later, Mr. Ashton, in your com-
pany, called upon me at this ottice, when I assured him that the Government would
not allows the steamer to engage in private trade on the Pasig River, and that it was
prepared to make good to parties concerned any loss which Government action would
entail. At the time of this conference I was under the impression that the captain of
the port had given permission for this boat' to navigate the Pasig River, but have been
informed to the contrary''. It is hoped that this matter can be satisfactorily adjusted in
a few days.
Very sincerely, yours, E. S. Otis,
United States Military Governor.
In the mean time the local Spanish authorities were present and desired to close up
the pending international business. As early as December 28th, I was informed by the
superior Spanish officer present that the treaty of peace had been concluded and that
he wished to take up the settlement of affairs. I replied that I had not received any
information or instructions in the matter, but as soon as received would cooperate with
him in every way possible. On the following day he applied for permission to leave the
islands. He was a prisoner of war, in fact, supervising the affairs of the Spanish
prisoners present in Manila. A high-toned gentleman, a most courteous and accom-
plished officer, our official relations had always been pleasant and agreeable. I replied
to his application in the following terms:
Office of the United States Military Governor,
Manila, P. J., December 9JJ, 1898.
Division General Francisco Rizzo,
Commanding Spanish Forces, Manila, P. I.
General : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of this instant
requesting passport to return to Spain next month, and in reply thereto I hasten to
inform you that you are free to leave at any time you may desire, and that it will give
me great pleasure to render you every assistance that you may need in making the
necessary preparations for your departure on so long a voyage.
I am, General, with much esteem, your obedient servant, E. S. Otis,
Major General, U. S. V., United States Military Governor.
Shortly thereafter General Rios, general of division of the Spanish army, who had
been commanding in the south, arrived in Manila. He had. been directed by his gov-
ernment to supervise, as acting governor general, Spanish interests in the islands, and
at once addressed himself vigorously to the settlement of affairs and the shipment of
Spanish prisoners, for which I had received authority. In personal conferences, through
numerous communications and written requests, he occupied considerable of the time
of the United States authorities, although it was yet impossible to consider many of the
matters which he presented, since the Paris treaty had not received ratification. A few
responses to the letters he submitted indicate the variety of the subjects which he
wished promptly attended to and the difficulties of compliance. They are as follows :
Office United States Military Governor
IN the Philippine Islands,
Manila, P. I., January 9, 1899.
His Excellency Diego de los Rios y Nicalau,
General of Division, Spanish Army, Manila, P. I.
General : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of this instant,
referring to embarkation of Spanish troops, prisoners of war, on the Ilth instant, and
to say in reply that there is no objection on the part of the United States Governnaent,
and that I will give appropriate instructions to the officials having charge of such busi-
ness to have your excellency's desires consummated.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 'E,. S. Otis,
Major General, IT. S. V.,
United Slates Military Governor in the Philippines.
Hosted by
Google
456 OREGON VOLUNTEEKS IN SPANISH WAK.
January 10, 1890,
General: In a hurried communication of last evening, sent in respjonse to your
letter of yesterday, in which you inform me that you must discharge in Mindanao,
about 2,000 troops who were taken there from the Visayan and Luzon islands, and
further say that it is impossible to scatter them to their homes, I suggested that the
Visayans might be taken to Iloilo and I will see that the necessary orders are given to
the United States authorities there to permit them to land upon arrival. The Luzon
men will probably give great trouble if they are brought into the harbor of Manila
at the present time. Many of those already received here escaped from the authorities,
and with the convicts sent by you have fixed themselves in Manila, where they give a
good deal of annoyance. We can not receive any more of these troops in the city at
present, and I wish you would delay sending them to this island. After a short period
we may be able to take them and send them to their respective homes. I am very
desirous of giving this matter full consideration before arriving at further conclusions.
I would like to be informed of the approximate number of Visayans, and also the
number of Luzon men you intend to bring north, stating each class separately.
January 12, 1899.
Generaij : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of
the 10th instant, in which you request me to direct my officers to hand over to the chiefs
of the several departments of the Spanish hacienda certain public documents belonging
to the Spanish Government, etc.
In reply permit me to state that since our late conversation on this subject I tele-
graphed my Government of your desire in this particular and I have not yet received
any res^jonse.
Being, as I am, entirely ignorant, in so far as official information is concerned, of the
relations existing between Spain and the United States at the present time, I do not
think I have the power to act favorably upon your request until the instructions of my
Government are received.
January U, 1899.
Genekal : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 21st
instant, referring to your wish to appoint a Spanish clerk in the Manila post office, and
in reply would say that I am unable to grant your request, as the appointment of all
postal clerks is under the exclusive control of the Post Office Department of the United
States.
' January 16, 1899.
GENERAiii I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 15th
instant just receiyed, referring to the embarkation of about 400 Spanish troops, pris-
oners of war, on the steamship Monserrat, and to say in reply that there is no objection
on the part of the United States. Appropriate instructions will be given to the officials
having charge of such business in order that your excellenciy's desires may be consum-
mated.
January 20, 1899.
General, : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of yesterday
received this morning, in which you inform me that there are about 630 native troops
there belonging to the Visayas.
As soon as you desire to assemble the men and turn them over, I can send therh to
Iloilo under proper guard. Concerning the Luzon men, we will be glad to send them to
some point nearer Manila than Albay.
I have instructed General Hughes to make all necessary arrangements for the ship-
ment of the Visayans and he will confer with any officer you may be pleased to name
in t-egard to the matter,
January 2A, 1899.
General : I have given instructions to the custodian and treasurer of public funds
to permit any committee whom you may appoint to examine the books and records of
that office for the period of time previous to American occupation of Manila.
The treasurer will be pleased to show you exhibits of the contents of the safes of the
treasury as reported by board of officers appointed under authority from these head-
quarters. The safes were sealed after this board had inventoried the contents and have
not since been opened.
January £3, 1899.
General : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 24th
instant, and in reply to say that I have directed the captain of the port to permit the
ladies, children, and Mr. Richard Fernandez and his assistant, now on the General Alva,
to land. I have also directed him to permit the officers upon that vessel to visit you on
official business, and to permit a small party to land daily for the purpose of purchasing
supplies.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 457
January 26, 1899.
General.: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter requesting
that the regimental records, books, and documents belonging to the Spanish troops
formerly occupying certain barracks in this city be returned to you. In accordance
with your request I Mill instruct the provost marshal general to turn over to any officer
whom you may name to receive the same, all records belonging to Spanish regiments
which are in the possession of the United States authorities.
It should be remembered that at the time United States occupation of the city com-
menced a great deal of public property was abandoned hj the Spanish officials, never
having been turned over under the terms of capitulation. The United States authorities
have collected and preserved all such property in so far as it was possible for them to
do so.
Manila, P. I., January 26, 1899.
Brig. Gen. Vicente Arizmendiz,
Spanish Army, Manila, P. J.
Sir : I am directed by the militarj'^ governor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter
of the 2Hh instant, referring to a commission of the Spanish army of which you had
been appointed president by his excellency General Diego de los Rios, Spanish army,
and in reply to say that he has not yet received any information as to the terms of the
treaty of peace between the Governments of Spain and the United States, now awaiting
ratification, and that he is not therefore at this time prepared to enter upon the subject
of the final disposition of Spanish troops, records, funds, and property under the control
of the United States forces in the Philippine Islands.
Very respectfully, C. H. Murray,
Captain, Fourth U. iS. Cavalry, Aid.
Manila, January 29, 1899.
His Excellency Diego de los Rios y Nicalatj,
Division General, Spanish Army, Manila, JP. I.
General : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of
yesterday, and beg to reply that instructions have been given to the United States oflficer
who was placed in supervisory charge of the building containing the mint to give the
necessary orders to enable you to carry out your expressed wish.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. S. Otis,
Major General, U. S. V., United States Military Governor.
January 31, 1899.
General : Replying further to your communication of thelTth instant, to that por-
tion of the same which asks that "permission be given for the withdrawal of everything
concerning the settlement in hand, and which does not affect the treasury of the estab-
lishment, properly speaking," I have the honor to state that I have received as yet no
instructions from the United States Government concerning these matters, and am
ignorant of the terms of the pending treaty between Spain and the United States, now
awaiting ratification. 1 am, therefore, powerless to act understandingly until I receive
information and directions from Washington, which will doubtless be furnished ine as
soon as the proposed treaty receives validity.
In the mean time I shall be glad to further your desires in every way in so far as I am
able, and it will be possible for me to adopt some preliminary measures, subject to
future confirmation. * * *
The inference may be drawn from the tenor of the foregoing replies to the written
application of General Rios, that time was sought to properly meet his demands. Time
was required to consider fully what specific action was necessary to guard United States
interests and its rights under the treaty, which was not yet of validity, not having
received ratification. But it was also deemed inexpedient to enter upon any course of
proceedings which should embarrass the United States Government in case the pro-
posed treaty should ultimately fail of confirmation. Not until January 31st were the
preliminaries of any decided course determined upon, except in so far as the repatria-
tion of prisoners and the surrender of strictly military property and records were con-
cerned. Then a board of oflScers was appointed for the purpose shown in Department
orders of that date, which reads as follows :
4. A board of officers, to consist of Maj. Charles McClure, chief paymaster of the
department; Maj. 0. U. Gantenbein, Second Oregon, U. S. V., and Second Lieut. M. A.
Hildreth, First North Dakota, U. S. V., is hereby appointed to meet and confer with a
committee named by his excellency Division General Diego de los Rios y Nicalau, Span-
ish army, for the purpose, as stated, "of clearing the accounts of the Spanish Gov-
ernnaent in the Philippines." The board will determine upon some definite course of
procedure by which the Spanish committee can have access to all records and documents
now in possession of the United States authorities which it may desire to consult, and
will arrange therefor. No property or records can be delivered until the proposed treaty
Hosted by
Google
458 .OREGON VOLUNTEEKS IN SPANISH' WAK.
receives validity through ratification, and the board will continue its sessions anticipa-
ting that event, when definite instructions looking to a settlement of public afl'airs, judi-
cial and executive, can be conveyed. The board will ascertain fully the desires of the
committee as to the nature and full extent of its desired action and give it every possi-
ble facility consistent with the present status of affairs.
On January 81st two hundred and one commissioned ofl^cers and two thousand five
hundred and forty-one enlisted men, prisoners of war, and about two hundred sick offi-
cers, also prisoners, who departed individually under privileges specially granted, had
sailed for Spain. Several thousand remained within the walled town, whose probable
conduct ill the event of serious disturbances within the city was the subject of much
speculative discussion.
From August, 1898, to the time the treaty of Paris came from the representatives of
the contracting Governments, the insurgents had maintained their niilitary lines
around Manila on the plea that they desired to be prepared to meet the soldiers of Spain,
should she return to her late possessions. As soon as the result of the treaty negotia-
tions became known, the dishonesty of that plea became fully apparent. Then the crisis
in the insurgent government was at hand. Aguinaldo and his able adviser, Mabini, the
man who bad furnished the brains for the radical element and who, in fact, was the
government, proposed to transfer the declaration of open hostilities from Spain to the
United States. This the conservative members of the cabinet and congress would not
countenance, and the result was their withdrawal. Mabini was able to form a new cab-
inet with himself as dictator, and to dominate the remaining members of congress.
Independence was the cry and the extermination of the Americans the determination.
They sought an excuse to inaugurate hostilities, but the United States had kept strictly
within its legal rights and had simply performed its international obligations. Repeated
efforts were made to secure some mark of recognition for their government from the
American authorities, some of which appeared to be quite cunningly devised. I was
addressed by so-called ministers of state on diplomatic subjects, and was visited by
accredited members of the Malolos government. The various foreign consuls resident
in Manila were officially informed by this government of its proceedings and furnished
with copies of its so-called decrees. Never since the time Aguinaldo returned to Cavite
in May of 1898 and placed himself under the masterful spirit of Mabini had he the
slightest intention to accept the kind offices and assistance of the United States, except
as they might be employed to hold Spain throttled while he worked the scheme of self-
aggrandizement. His success was not in the least astonishing, as after the various
islands had driven out the few remaining and discouraged soldiers of their openly
declared enemy, they naturally turned to Luzon for some form of central government,
the islands of the south being well aware of their inability to maintain successful sepa-
rate and distinct political establishments. The crude one in process of formation in
central Luzon offered itself through its visiting agents and was accepted in part (not-
withstanding race animosities and divergent business interests) and very probably
because no other alternative offered. The eight months of opportunity given the ambi-
tious Tagalo by the hold on Spain which the United States maintained was sufficient
also for him to send his troops and designing men into the distant provinces and hold
the unarmed natives in subjection while he imposed military authority, and thus in
December, 1898, we find in northern and southeastern Luzon, in Mindoro, Samar, Leyte,
Panay, and even on the coast of Mindanao and in some of the smaller islands, the
aggressive Tagalo, present in person, and whether civilian or soldier, supreme in
authority. The success which attended the political efforts of Aguinaldo and his close
associates, and gave them such sudden and unexi^ected power was not calculated to
induce them to accept subordinate positions in a reestablished government, and the
original premeditated intention to control supremely at least a portion of the Filipino
people had become firmly fixed. The cry for liberty and independence (really license
and despotism under their governing methods) and the vile aspersions of the motives
of the United States, which they have widely circulated, have served them to stir up
distrust and fear of the American among the people to a considerable extent, especially
those of Tagalo origin. The charge which they continually brought, until December
Hosted by
Google
OREGON A^OLUKTEERS TN SPANISH WAR. 459
last, that the United States administration in power intended to restore the islands to
Spain, which until then was the chief cause of discontent and excitement, and in the
asserted truth and circulation of which they were greatly assisted by the Spanish, resi-
dent and representative, fell ilat when the result of the labors of the Paris treaty com-
missions became known. Then the pretext that the United States was about to substi-
tute itself for Spain, continuing all her former governing abuses, including the imposed
authority of the hated friar, was resorted to and had its etfect on the ignorant masses.
Whatever action the United States might now take, except to immediately withdraw
its authority and subject the people to anarchy and the European vast property inter-
ests in these islands to destruction, could be so tortured as to support this pretext. It
was eagerly waited for by the now irresponsible band of conspirators at Malolos, few of
whom had anything to lose and everything to gain by inciting hostility. The United
States proclamation issued on the 4th of January offered them the first opportunity
and was the opportunity which they desired. No sooner was it published than it
brought out a virtual declaration of war from, in this instance at least, the wretchedly
advised President Aguinaldo, who, on January 5th, issued the following:
The government of the Philippines has considered it its duty to set forth to the civi-
lized powers the facts determining the rupture of its amicable relations with the Army
of the United States of America in these islands, to the end that they may thereby reach
the conviction that I, for my part, have done everything possible to avoid it, although
at the cost of many rights uselessly sacrificed.
After the naval combat, which occurred on May 1st of last year, between the Spanish
squadron and that of America, the commander of the latter consented to ray return
from Hongkong to this beloved soil, and he distributed among the Filipinos some rifles
found in the arsenal at Cavite, doubtless with the intention of reestablishing the revo-
lution, somewhat quieted by the convention of Biac-na-bato, in order to have the Fili-
pinos on his side.
The people, influenced by the declaration of war between the United States and
Spain, understood the necessity of flghting for their liberty, feeling sure that Spain
would be destroyed and rendered incapable of leading them along the road to prosperity
and progress. The Filipinos hailed my advent with joy, and I had the honor of being
proclaimed leader on account of the services which I had rendered in the former revo-
lution.
Then all the Filipinos without distinction of classes took arms, and every province
hastened to expel from its frontiers the Spanish forces. This is the explanation of the
fact that, after the lapse of so short a period of time, my government rules the whole of
Luzon, the Visaya Islands, and a part of Mindanao.
Although the North Americans took no part in these military operations, which cost
no little blood and gold, my government does not disavow the fact that the destruction
of the Spanish squadron and the gift of some rifles from the arsenal to my people influ-
enced the progress of our arms to some extent. It was also taken for granted that the
American forces would necessarily sympathize with the revolution which they had
managed to encourage, and which had saved them much blood and great hardships ;
and, above all, we entertained absolute confldence in the history and traditions of a
people which fought for its independence and for the abolition of slavery, which posed
as the champion liberator of oppressed peoples; we felt ourselves under the safeguard
of a free people.
The Americans, seeing the friendly disposition of the Filipino people, disembarked
forces at the town of Paranaque and took up positions all along the line occupied by my
iroops, as far as Maytubig, taking possession of many trenches occupied by my people,
by the employment of astuteness, not unaccompanied by violence. They forced a capit-
ulation on the garrison of Manila, which, inasmuch as it was invested by my troops,
was compelled to surrender at the first attack. In this I took a very active part,
although I was not notified, my forces reaching as far as the suburbs of Malate, Ermita,
Paco, Sampaloc, and Tondo.
Notwithstanding these services, and although the Spaniards would not have surren-
dered but for the fact that my troops had closed every avenue of escape to the towns of
the interior, the American generals not only ignored me entirely in the stipulations for
capitulation, but also requested that my forces should retire from the port of Cavite and
the suburbs of Manila.
I represented to the' American generals the injustice done me, and requested in
friendly terras that they should at least expressly recognize my cooperation, but they
utterly declined to do so. Nevertheless, being always desirous of showing friendliness
and good feeling toward those who called themselves liberators of the Philippine people,
I ordered my troops to evacuate the port of Cavite and the suburbs of Erinita, Malate,
Sampaloc, and Tondo, retaining only a portion of the suburb of Paco.
In spite of these concessions, not many days passed before Admiral Dewey, without
any reason whatever, arrested our steam launches which had been plying in the bay of
Manila with his express consent. Almost at the same time I received a letter from
General Otis, commander of the American army of occupation, demanding that I
should withdraw my forces beyond the lines of a map which he also sent me, arid which
showed within the lines the town of Pandacan and the hamlet of Singalong, which
never have belonged to the municipal area of Manila and its suburbs.
In view of this unjustifiable attitude of both American leaders, I summoned a coun-
cil of my generals and asked the advice of my cabinet, and in conformity with the
Hosted by
Google
460 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
opinion of both bodies I named commissioners, who placed themselves in communica-
tion with these Americans. Although Admiral Dewey received in an insolent manner
and with aggressive phrases my commissioners, whom he did not permit to speak, I
yielded to the friendly suggestions of General Otis, withdrawing my forces to the desired
line for the purpose of avoiding contact with his troops. This gave rise to many misun-
derstandings, but I hoped that once the Paris conference was at an end my people would
obtain the independence promised them by the consul general in Singapore, Mr. Pratt,
and that the friendship formerly assured and proclaimed in manifestoes and speeches
w^ould be established by the American generals who have reached these shores.
But it did not turn out thus. The said generals accepted my concessions in favor of
peace and friendship as indications of Aveakness. Thus it is that, with rising ambition,
they ordered forces to Iloilo oh December 26th, with the purpose of acquiring for them-
selves the title of conquerors of that portion of the Philippine Islands occupied by my
government.
Such procedure, so foreign to the dictates of culture and the usages observed by civi-
lized nations, gave me the right to act without observing the usual rules of intercourse.
Nevertheless, in order to be correct to the end, I sent to General Otis commissioners
charged to solicit him to desist from his rash enterprise, but they were not listened to.
My government can not remain indifferent in view of such a violent and aggressive
seizure of a portion of its territory by a nation which has arrogated to itself the title,
champion of oppressed nations. Thus it is that hiy government is disposed to open
hostilities if the American troops attempt to take forcible possession of the Visaya
Islands. I denounce these acts before the world, in order that the conscience of man-
kind may pronounce its infallible verdict as to who are the true oppressors of nations
and the tormentors of human kind.
Upon their heads be all the blood w^hich may be shed. Emilio Aguinaldo.
Malolos, Jamiary 5, 1899.
A number of copies of this unfortunate declaration were speedily sent out for circu-
lation among the people, when an effort was made to recall them and substitute an
amended edition, but a few had found their way to Manila and were eagerly sought
after by the citizens. That evening the insurgent newspaper, entitled The Herald of the
devolution, published a supplement in which the following appeared :
officiaij manifesto of the phesident of the kevolutionary goveri^ment !
To my Brothers, the Filipinos, and to All Respectable Consuls and Other Foreigners :
A proclamation of Mr. E. S. Otis, major general of the United States Volunteers,
appeared in Manila papers yesterday, compelled me to issue fbe present, with a view
to expose to all who read and understand the present document my most solemn pro-
test against the whole contents of the said proclamation, the duties of my conscience
toward 6od, my political compromises toward my beloved people, and my private and
official relationship with the United States nation, all of which forced me to do so.
The General Otis called himself in the said proclamation military governor of the Phil-
ippine Islands. I protest one and a thousand times, with all the energy of my soul,
against such authority.
I solemnly declare that neither at Singapore, Hongkong, nor here in the Philippines
did I ever agree, by word or in writing, to recognize the sovereignty of America in this
our lovely country. On the contrary, I declare that I returned to these islands, trans-
ported by the United States man-of-war, on the 19th of May last, with the decided and
firm intention to fight the Spaniards in order to reconquer our liber t.y and independ-
ence. I have thus declared in my official proclamation dated May 24th, and I have like-
wise published in a manifest addressed to the Filipino people on the 12th of June last,
when in my native village of Kawil, I exhibited for the first time our holy national flag
as a sacred emblem of that sublime aspiration, and finally, so it was confirmed by the
American general, Mr. Merritt, antecessor of Mr. E, S. Otis, in the manifest which he
addressed to the Filipino people days before he intimated the Spanish general, Mr.
Jaudenes, the surrender of the city of Manila, in which manifest he clearly and posi-
tively said that the army and navy of the United States came here to give us-our liberty
and destroy the bad rule of the Spanish Government. To say all at a tinier nationals
and foreigners are witnesses that the armj'^ and navy of the United States stationed
here have acknowledged the fact of the belligerency of the Filipinos, whose flag has
triumphantly crossed our seas before the eyes of the foreign nations here represented
by their respective consuls.
As in GeneralOtis's proclamation he alluded to some instructions edited by His
Excellency the President of the United States, referring to the administration of the
matters in the Philippine Islands, I, in the name of God, the root and fountain of all
j ustice, and that all of the right which has been visibly granted to me to direct my dear
brothers in the difficult work of our regeneration, protest most solemnly against this
intrusion of , the United States Government on the sovereignty of these islands.
I equally protest in the name of the Filipino people against the said intrusion,
because as they have granted their vote of confidence appointing me president of the
nation, although I don't consider that I deserve such, therefore I consider it my duty to
defend to death its liberty and independence.
Finally, I protest against such an unexpected act of sovereignty of the United States
in these islands, in the name of all the proceedings which I have in my possession with
regard to my relationship with the United States authorities, which unmistakably prove
that the United States did not take me from Hongkong to fight the Spaniards for their
benefit, but for the benefit of our liberty and independence, for which purpose the said
authorities verbally promised ihe their most decided assistance and efficacious coopera-
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 461
tion ; and so should you all my dear brothers understand, in order that we may united
act according to the idea of our liberty and independence, which were our most noble
desires, and assist with your work to obtain our aim with the strength which our old
conviction may afTord and must not go back in the way of glory which we have obtained.
The unmistakable intention of Aguinaldo, as shown in these proclamations, taken in
connection with the well known fact that what remains of his congress was subservient
to Mabini's dictation, was ample notice to the troops to prepare for hostile demonstra-
tions on the part of the insurgent army. Greater precautionary measures w^ere directed
and taken in the w^ay of redistributing organizations throughout the city, in advancing
and strengthening (though still far within our own mutually conceded miUtary lines)
our posts of observation, and for the quick response of the men if summoned for defen-
sive action. Otherwise no change in the conduct, condition, or temper of the troops was
observable. So quietly were these precautions effected that Filipino citizens, noticing
the apparent indifference of our men, warned me repeatedly of the danger to be appre-
hended from a sudden simultaneous attack of the insurgents within and w^ithout the
city, and were quietly informed that we did not anticipate any great difficulty. Another
very noticeable proof of premeditated intent on the part of the insurgents was preceived
in the excitement manifested by the natives and their removal in large numbers from
the city. All avenues of exit were filled with vehicles transporting families and house-
hold effects to surrounding villages. The railway properties were taxed to their utmost
capacity in carrying the fleeing inhabitants to the north within the protection of the
established insurgent military lines. Aguinaldo, by written communications and mes-
sages, invited his old-time friends to send their families to Malolos, where their safety
was assured, but Hongkong was considered a more secure retreat and was taken advan-
tage of. A carefully prepared estimate showed that forty thousand of the inhabitants
of the city departed within the period of fifteen days.
Early in the month I had cabled the authorities at Washington that open hostilities
at Iloilo meant war throughout the islands, and that I had cautioned General Miller
and the troops at Iloilo Harbor; and on the 9th instant I received a joint dispatch
signed by the Secretaries of the Army and Nav^^ and addressed to Admiral Dewey and
myself, conveying the instructions and suggestions of the President, which were in part
as follows :
Am most desirous that conflict be avoided. Your statement that a conflict at Iloilo
or at any other southern ports means war in all the islands increases that desire. Such
conflict would be most unfortunate considering the present, and might have results
unfavorably affecting the future. Glad you did not permit Miller to bring on hostili-
ties. Time given the insurgents can not injure us, and must weaken and discourage
them. They will see our benevolent purposes and recognize that before we can give
them good government our sovereignty must be conceded and unquestioned. Tact and
kindness most essential at this time. * * * We accepted the Philippines from high
duty in the interests of their inhabitants and for humanity and civilization. Our sac-
rifices were made with this humane motive. We desire to improve the condition of the
inhabitants, seeking their peace, liberty, and pursuit of their highest good. * * * Will
send commissioners if you think desirable to cooperate with you both in your delicate
task. They can not leave here for two weeks or reach Manila for two months. * * * If
possible to hasten repatriation of Spanish soldiers before the treaty is ratified it will be
done. * * * Hope good counsel will prevail among the inhabitants and that you will
find means to avoid bloodshed and restore tranquillity to that unhappy island. How
is the health of Miller's command ?
When this dispatch was shown Admiral Dewey he immediately remarked that he
had recommended a commission, and desiring to be in accord with him I cabled as fol-
lows :
Manila, P. I., January 10, 1899.
Adjutant Generate, Washington.
Have conferred with Admiral Dewey. We think commissioners of tact and discre-
tion could do excellent work here. Great difficulty is that leaders can not control igno-
rant classes. Health of Miller's command good.
I also cabled :
Our troops well in hand and confident that we can meet emergencies. Long confer-
ence last night and concessions asked, but insurgents have no definite idea of what they
want. Further conference to be held. If peace kept for few days more immediate danger
will have passed.
The injunctions of His Excellency the President of the United States to exert our-
Hosted by
Google
462 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
selves to preserve the peace had an excellent effect upon the command. Officers and
men, confident of their ability to successfully meet the declared enemy, were restless
under the restraints Avhich had been imposed and were eager to avenge the insults
received. Now they submit very quietly to the taunts and aggressive demonstrations
of members of the insurgent army who continue to throng the streets of the business
portions of the city.
Subsequent to January 5th, and before the President's message had been received, I
was approached by influential Filipino gentlemen (through an agent, an American
citizen, they feaiiog that their individual safety would be endangered should they call
in person,) who expressed a strong desire for continued peace and an harmonious settle-
ment of difficulties. They asked me to appoint a commission which could confer with
one to be appointed by the Malolos government, with a view to working out a plan for
the adjustment of the conflicting political interests of the parties concerned. Reply
was made that the so-called Malolos government could not be officially recognized by
word or act, but that I would gladly call a board of officers to confer with one which
Cleneral Aguinaldo might appoint. The gentlemen made two or three hurried trips to
Malolos, and on January 9th I received the following communication :
MALOiiOS, January 9, 1899.
Maj. Gen. E. S. Otis,
G-eneral of the Amei^ican Forces of Occupation in Manila.
General : I have been informed after the interview between the commissioners of
my governhient and Mr. Carman that there will be no inconvenience on your parti a
naming, as commanding general, representatives that will confer with those whom I
will name for the same object.
Although it not being explained to me the reason why you could not treat with the
commissioners of my government, I have the faculty fordoing the .same with those of
the commanding generkl, "who can not be recognized." Nevertheless, for the sake of
peace, I have considered it advisable to name, as "commanding general," a commission
composed of the following gentlemen: Mr. Florentino Flores, Eufrasio Flores, and
Manuel Arguellcs, that they may together represent me and arrive at an accord with
those whom you will name, with the object of using such methods as will normalize the
actual situation created by the attitude of your Government and troops.
If you will deign to attend to said commissioners and through these methods come to
some understanding, "if only temporary," that will insure the peace and harmony
among ourselves, the Filipino public would reach a grateful glory.
I am yours. General, with the highest consideration, your most respected servant,
Emilio Aguinai^^o.
Reply was at once made to Aguinaldo' s peculiar letter, and was expressed in the
following terms :
Headquarters Dbpart^eent Pacific and Eighth Army Corps,
Manila, P. I., January ,9, 1899.
General Emii.io Aguinaxdo,
Connmanding Revolutionary Forces, Malolos, P, I.
General : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of
to-day, and am much pleased at the action you have taken. I greatly regret that you
have not a clear understanding of my position and motives, and trust that my explana-
tion, assisted by the conference I have invited, will make them clear to you.
In my official capacity I am merely the agent of the United States Government to
conduct its affairs under the limits w^hich its constitution, laws, precedents, and specific
instructions prescribe. 1 have not the authority to recognize any national or civil
power not already formally recognized by my Government, unless specially authorized
to do so by the instructions of the Executive of the United States. For this reason I
was unable to receive officially the representatives of the revolutionary government,
and endeavored to make that inability clear to the distinguished gentlemen with whom
I had the pleasure to converse a few evenings since. You will bear witness that my
course throughout niy entire official connection with affairs here has been consistent,
and it has pained me that I have not been able to receive and answer communications
of the cabinet officers of the government at Malolos, fearing that I might be erroneously
charged with lack of courtesy.
I^ermit me now, briefly, General, to speak of the serious misunderstanding which
exists between the Filipino people and the representatives of the United States (xovej-n-
ment, and which I hope that our commissioners, by a thorough discussion, may be able
to dispel. I sincerely believe that all desire peace and harmony, and yet by the machi-
nations of evil-disposed persons we have been influenced to think that Tve occupy the
position of adversaries. 'JChe Filipinos appear to believe that we meditate attack, while
I am under the strict orders of the President of the United States to avoid conflict in
every way possible. My troops, wi tnessing the earnestness, the comparatively distu rbed
and unfriendly attitude of the revolutionary troops, and many of thecltizens of Manila,
conclude that active hostilities have been determined upon, although it must be clearly
within the comprehension of unprejudiced and reflecting minds that the welfare and
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 463
happiness of the Filipino people depends upon the friendly protection of the United
States. The hand of Spain was forced, and she has acknowledged before the whole
world that all her claimed rights in this country have departed by due process of law.
This treaty acknowledgment, with the conditions which accompany it, awaits ratifica-
tion by the Senate of the United States; and the action of its Congress must also be
secured before the Executive of that Government can proclaim a definite policy. That
policj^ must conform to the will of the people of the United States expressed through its
representatives in Congress. For that action the Filipino people should wait, at least,
before severing the existing friendly relations. I am governed by a desire to further the
interests of the Filipino people and shall continue to labor with that end in view. There
shall be no conflict of forces if I am able to avoid it ; and still I shall endeavor to main-
tain a position to meet all emergencies that may arise.
Permit me to subscribe myself, General, with the highest respect, your most obedient
servant,
E. S. Otis,
Major General,, U. S. V., Commanding.
The following order calling aboard was thereupon issued, and the president of the
same was directed to arrange for a meeting with the commission appointed by Agui-
naldo as soon as practicable :
Special Okders, | Headquakteks Depaktment Pacific
No. 9. J AND Eighth Army Corps,
Manila, P. I., January 9, 189S.
[Kxtract.]
8. Brig. Gen. R. P. Hughes, U. S. V., Col. James F. Smith, First California Volunteers,
Lieut. Col. E. H. Crowder, Judge Advocate, U. S. Volunteers, are hereby appointed a
commission to meet a commission of like number appointed by General Aguinaldo, and
to confer with regard to the situation of affairs, and tx> arrive at a mutual" understand-
ing of the intent, purposes, aim, and desires of the Filipino people and the people of the
United States, that peace and harmonious relations between these respective peoples
may be continued.
By command of Major General Otis. Thomas H. Barry,
Assistant Adjutant General.
The representative boards engaged in joint conference on the evening of the day the
order was issued, and had repeated and prolonged evening sessions, sometimes extend-
ing far into the night. Minutes of proceedings were kept and submitted, and the
various extended arguments indulged in were duly reported to me after the adjourn-
ment of each special session. The board representing the insurgent interests could not
give any satisfactory explanation of the qualified sovereignty, measure of protection,
or specific autonomy which it thought should be vested in or enjoyed by the respective
governments, nor present any practical plan for the solution of the vexed political prob-
lems which constantly arose in the progress of the discussion. It conceded the fact that
the protection of the United States was essential to the welfare and integrity of the
islands, but could not determine how that protection should be applied ; certainly not
to the extent of interference with internal affairs further than the collection of customs,
possibly, from which source the United States might receive a compensation for the pro-
tection furnished. They begged for some tangible concession from the United States
Government — one which they could present to the people and which might serve to
allay the excitement. Nothing could be accomplished without the sacrifice of some of
the attributes of sovereignty, and certainly that could not be done by any existing
authority.
Finally, the conferences became the object of insurgent suspicion, and of amusement
to those who did not wish beneficial results. The newspapers announced that a peace
commission was about to be sent from the United States, and it was observed that the
volunteers were not being sent home as the newspapers announced had been ordered.
What was the meaning of this commission when one was in session already and why
were the regular regiments being dispatched from the United States ? The United States
authorities were merely endeavoring to gain time to place themselves in position to
impose slavery on the Filipinos.
The members of the insurgent board inquired of our otficers as to these matters.
Upon the report of facts by General Hughes I informed him that I would address him
an explanatory letter which he could present, if he chose, at the next and last confer-
ence, and accordingly sent him the following communication ;
Hosted by
Google
464 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Office United States Military Governor
IN the Philippine Islands,
Manila, P. J., January 25, 1899.
Brigadier General Hughes,
Chairman of committee appointed to meet a committee appointed by General Agui-
naldo totconfer with regard to the situation of affairs and to arrive at a mutual
understanding of the intent, purposes, aim, and desires of the Filipino people and
the people of the United States.
Sir: I am informed that the Filipino peojile do not place confidence in our good
intentions which tliey are seeking from this conference. The fact that the President has
appointed a commission seems to have confirmed them in tlieir impressions. It might
be well, therefore, to give you a brief liistory of events having relation to these commis-
sioners. They are as follows :
Early in December Admiral Dewey and myself received instructions from Washing-
ton to report the condition of afluirs and ofl^er suggestioiis. Upon December 7th Admiral
Dewey telegraphed as follows :
"It is strongly urged that the President issue a proclamation defining the policy of
the United States Government in the Philippine Islands and showing the inhabitants
that it is our intention to interfere in the internal affairs of the Philippines as little as
possible; that as they develop their capabilities of government their po\Vers and privi-
leges will be increased. That will allay the spirit of unrest. The Spanish soldiers should
be expatriated as soon as possible; they arc a source of discord and danger."
And the Admiral goes on to say that a force of several regiments raised from among
the best insurgent troops and officered by the best of their leaders would do much to
disarm opposition.
Upon this suggestion 1 think the proclamation was issued. Later Admiral Dewey
cabled (I think some time about the 1st of January, I am not aware of the date,) that he
thought the appointment of a commission by the President would be an excellent thing.
On January 9th I was asked by the Washington authorities what I thought of the
appointment of a commission to confer with the revolutionary authorities, and I replied
that I thought it might do excellent work here. Before this date, early in January, I
had been requested by prominent Filipinos to appoint a committee from my own com-
mand to meet a like committee to be appointed by General Aguinaldo. This was done
on January 9th, one day before receiving the Washington dispatch asking if I thought
the appointment of a commission by the President would be advantageous. Hence,
what might be styled the two commissions have no relationship whatever. The one of
which you are president, sitting to ascertain the desires of the Filipinos and having no
authority to grant concessions except by permission of the Washington authorities ; the
other commission, appointed from Washington, comes with full instructions from the
President of the United States and empowered to act for him.
On January 10th i telegraphed to Washington as follows :
"Conditions improving; confidence of citizens returning; business active. Confer-
ence held Saturday ; insurgents presented following statement, asking that it be cabled:
'Undersigned commissionerscommander in chief of revolutionary army of these islands
state to commissioners of General Otis that aspiration Filipino people is independence,
with restrictions resulting frOm conditions which its government agree with American
when latter agree to officially recognize the former.' No conclusion reached ; another
conference to-morrow evening. I understand insurgents wish qualified independence
under United States protection."
To this despatch no reply has been received.
Upon another matter, viz, the sending of regular troops here, the purpose of which
has been greatly misunderstood, you may communicate the following dispatch, received
on December 7th :
"General Otis, JkTam/a .•
"The Secretary of War directs you to send Astor Battery home on first returning
transport. If you can spare volunteers to take first returning ships, send them in the
order of their arrival. Six regular regiments are in course of preparation to report to
you. It is probable that part of them will sail direct from this coast by way of canal —
thus to give you good transports available for service from Ban Francisco."
The meaning and intent of this dispatch was to return the volunteer troops as soon
as possible and to send part back by the transports then in the harbor, if practicable.
The Astor Battery was sent home, but I declined to send other volunteer troops at that
time, as the revolutionary government had assumed a threatening attitude, notwith-
standing our great desire for peace and harmony. The orders from Washington have
not changed. I still have authority to return the volunteer troops, so that they can be
discharged in the United States, by any returning vessels available, but I decline to
return them as long as we are threatened with active hostilities. Under the articles of
capitulation still prevailing with Spain, as there has been no ratification as yet of a
treaty, I aih obliged to hold Manila and its defenses, but no hostile act will be inaugu-
rated by the United States troops.
Verv sincerely yours, E. S. Otis,
Major General, U. iS. V., United States Military Governor.
The commissioners held their final joint conference, I think, on January 25th. With
the insurgent representatives it was one continued plea for some concession which
would satisfy the people. One of them was a man of excellent legal ability, who had
occupied an important Judicial position at Cebu under the Spanish Government for a
number of years. He had recently arrived in Manila, and on the invitation of Agui-
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 465
naldo had visited Malolos. He was animated with a desire to restore harmonious rela-
tions, or at least to effect a temporary peace until the existing excitement could be
allayed, when the people might listen to reason. He secured the appointment of Agui-
naldo's board and was named thereon as the most important member, but he was so
circumscribed by specific instructions that he could not accomplish anything. I charged
hira with playing a false part, basing the charge on a knowledge of his legal acquire-
ments. He confessed that he was fully aware of the untenable position he occupied,
and was powerless under the circumstances. He was an adept at legal fiction and could
discover pregnants both negative and positive in every international postulate. The
appointment of the President's commission had caused so much speculation, both as to
membership and object, that I desired to correct mistaken impressions and to take away
further opportunity for deliberate falsehood, and knowing that this gentleman still held
friendly relations with the Malolos authorities and desired to know the truth in the
matter, I sent him the following unofllcial letter:
Manila, P. I., February 5, 1899.
Hon. F1.011ENTINK Torres, Manila, P. J.
My Dear Sir: I am in receipt of a Washington dispatch dated the 1st instant,
which informs me that the gentlemen who expect to serve on the proposed commission
on the part of the United States will reach Hongkong on the 21st of the month. They
will probably arrive here about the 25th.
So many inaccuracies have been spread abroad concerning the identity of the gentle-
men of the commission that I desire to make explanation. They are Messrs. Denby,
Schurman, and Worcester. Respecting the first, he is doubtless well known as the late
United States minister to China ; the second is the president of Cornell University, one
of the leading institutions of learning of the United States; the third is Professor
Worcester, of the University of Michigan, also one of our leading educators and who
has a personal acquaintance with the Philippines, he having spent some time here. He
is a friend of Dr. Bourns, of our health board, who formerly made a tour of the Philip-
pine Islands in the interest of science.
I am sure that the reputation of these gentlemen will commend them to the Filipino
people as men of probity, ability, and most humane sentiments, having at heart the
interest of that people. Admiral Dewey and myself have also been placed on this com-
mission—the Government following the policj'^ pursued with reference to Cuba and
Porto Rico. My own inclinations and desire are not to serve thereon, being simply a
soldier, but I must obey the commands of ray Government.
It is quite important that friendly relations be maintained in every way among all
of us, and I am doing my utmost to that end. A great deal of friction has been caused
by the action of troops, resulting, I am certain, from a misunderstanding of conditions.
Our soldiers are frequently insulted and threatened within our own lines, but thus far
have quietly submitted, obeying their instructions. If, however, these threatening
demonstrations should proceed so far as to endanger life, I might not be able to hold
them in check. I trust that the revolutionary authorities will exercise every endeavor
to put a stop to demonstrations similar to those witnessed during the past two days.
I am, with great respect, your obedient servant,
E. S. Otis.
A few days before the above letter was written and on January 26th, I was surprised
by the receipt of a letter from Aguinaldo because of the boldness with which he therein
indicated his purpose to continue his assumptions and establish their correctness by the
arbitrament of war. I cabled it in cipher to Washington in accordance with his request,
as it contained such suggestive announcements of the course of conduct he was likely
to pursue. The cablegram and my reply to the communication are as follows :
Manila, P. I., January %7, 1899.
Adjutant General, Washington.
The following received :
"Philippine National Government,
'■^Office of Secretary of Foreign Affairs.
"Maj. Gen. E. S. Otis,
" Commander in Chief of American Forces of Occupation in Manila.
" My government has promulgated the political constitution of the Philippine Repub-
lic, which is to-day enthusiastically proclaimed by the people, because of its conviction
that its duty is to interpret faithfully the aspirations of that people — a people making
superhuman efiTorts to revindicate their sovereignty and their nationality before the
civilized powers.
" To this end, of the governments to-day recognized and observed among cultured
nations, they have adopted the form of government most compatible with their aspira-
tions, endeavoring to adjust their actions to the dictates of reason and of right, in order
to demonstrate their aptitude for civil life.
30
Hosted by
Google
466 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
" And, taking the liberty to notify your excellency, I confidently hope that, doing
justice to the Philippine people, you will be pleased to inform the Government of your
nation that the desire of mine, upon being accorded ofiicial recognition, is to contribute
to the best of its scanty ability to the establishment of a general peace.
" May God keep your excellency many years.
"Emilio Aguinaldo.
[Seal of the revolutionary
government of the Philippines.] "A. Mabini.
" Malolos, January 23, 1890:''
Otis.
Hp:]adquaeteks Depaktment Pacifio anb Ejighth Akmy Coups,
Manila, P. J., January 29, 1899.
Gen. Emilio Aguinai,do,
Commanding Philippine Revolutionary Forces, Malolos, P. J
General: I have the honor to inform you that I received a communication dated
the 23d instant, signed by you and purporting to be issued from the office of the secre-
tary of foreign affairs of the " Philippine national government."
I am pleased to further inform you that a translation of that communication into the
English language, as shown in the accompanying paper, has been cabled in full to the
United States authorities at Washington.
I am, General, with great respect, your obedient servant,
E. S. Otis,
Major General, U. S. V., Commanding.
In the mean time General Miller's command was retained in the harbor of Iloilo. It
continued to be greatly dissatisfied because it was not allowed to seize the city. The
Fifty-first Iowa Volunteers had remained on its transport since leaving San Francisco,
a period of more than seventy days. It was very necessary to disembark it for sanitary
reasons, and any attempt to do so on the Panay coast or the adjacent small islands
would have resulted in conflict with natives. It was directed to return to this harbor,
where upon arrival it was placed at Cavite, relieving the Tennessee regiment, which was
brought to this city. On January 20th General Miller wrote that it would be his aim "to
maintain the existing conditions of friendly relations with these people," and continued :
The people here will follow the conditions in Luzon and will permit our nailitary occu-
pation of Iloilo as soon as ordered from the central government. Outwardly the best
terms of friendship exist personally between us. I have informed them verbally that
they could go on with their usual occupations, afloat and ashore, without interference
from us ; that seizures we made were necessities merely to enable us to get along from
day to day and that nothing would be taken otherwise. They are satisfied apparently,
believe me most implicity, and everything is pleasant.
There were two or three matters outside of the enforced policy of nonmilitary action
which greatly troubled General Miller. He had gone from Manila prepared to establish
civil government and had with him his oiiicers of the port and of customs. The mer-
chant vessels entering and leaving Iloilo with subsistence and merchandise and plying
their trade between that point, Manila, Singapore, and the Chinese coast, paying duty
to the Iloilo insurgents in defiance of protest, became objects of suspicion, and their
transactions enabled the avowed enemy to obtain food and reap revenue much to the
detriment of our interests. The Spanish native military organizations which had been
performing service in the south continued to be brought to Manila in spite of our
repeated objections, on the plea that Spain could do nothing else with them, and it was
difficult to see how she could. Those of them who Avere natives of the central islands
were sent to Panay, and those having former homes in Luzon were scattered there,
although we entertained the belief that they^ would be gathered to attack us.
To General Miller's complaint concerning the transactions Of merchants and his
request to be permitted to close the Iloilo port, or compel all traders to pay the accus-
tomed duties to his proper officers, he was instructed in communications of January
16th and 21st as follows :
Hbadqtjabters Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps,
Manila, P. I., January 16, 1898,
The Commanding General,,
First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, Iloilo, Island of Panay.
Sir : Replying to the letter of Captain Evans of January 13th, forwarded by you on
same date, I ana directed to state that the case is well put by Captain Evans under the
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 467
President's recent proclamation, except the President directs in that proclamation
that all the ports in the actual possession of the land and naval forces of the United
States will be open to the commerce of the world. The port of Iloilo is not in the actual
possession of the United States forces, as they merely occupy the harbor.
The objections which present themselves to the course recommended by Captain
Evans are :
1. Until the ratification of the treaty of peace the United States has not the legal
right to occupy the port of Iloilo, except bj'' the consent of Sj^ain. Spanish authority
over the southern islands of the Philippines remains intact uotil the treaty is ratified.
If, however, Spain had turned over the port of Iloilo to the United States, then the ques-
tion of legal right as between the United States and Spain would have been settled and
the United States would then have succeeded to the rights of Spain in so far as the col-
lection of duties is concerned. Spain did not turn it over to the United States authori-
ties. Her action, viewed in the mildest light, was that of a simple abandonment, for
which she is responsible. As far as the United States are concerned, Spain, under a
strict interpretation of international law, has still the right to enter that port and col-
lect duties until that right is terminated by treaty ratification.
2. The closing of the port and the collection of duties on merchandise taken from the
island would be an acknowledgment on our part that the self-constituted authorities at
Iloilo stand in the position of belligerents or enemies of the United States, which posi-
tion we do not recognize. They are (Spanish subjects really until the ratification of the
treaty) recognized as a friendly community with whom we are at peace.
H. Should foreign vessels accept clearance papers from the Iloilo captain of the port,
it would be difficult to understand the position in which they would place themselves.
Undoubtedly such action would give rise to grave questions, possibly involving interna-
tional complication ; and should they seek to clear through your authorities after hav-
ing acknowledged the insurgents at Iloilo by paying duties to them, then they would
recognize either Spanish or insurgent authority at Iloilo and that of the United States
in the harbor.
They probably would do everything that both the insurgent and United States author-
ities would demand of them and make under protest any payment which might be
demanded. Conditions are so complicated that these headquarters do not feel at liberty
to give positive instructions for your guidance, and they will be sought from Washing-
ton, which as soon as received will be transmitted to you.
In the mean time you will not make any demand on the merchants nor interfere by
any overt act of force with the commerce of the port. It might be well to assert United
States right to conduct the commerce of the port, but you can state that you have rep-
resented the case to the proper authorities and are awaiting instructions. Any forcible
act of detention or seizure might produce most unsatisfactory results.
I inclose your prepared communication intended for the British vice-consul. It is
unobjectionable and should be sent to him.
Since writing the above I understand from Captain Montgomery, of the British navy,
who has just returned from Iloilo, that he discussed all these matters with the Iloilo
merchants, endeavoring to come to some arrangement which would be satisfactory to
the United States. He reports that he advised the merchants and the English consul
to give a promise in writing to pay duties in the future upon all goods now taken out to
whomsoever they might be due after affairs had become adjusted.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Thomas H. Barry,
Assistant Adjutant General,
Headquarters Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps,
Manila, P. I., January %1, 1899.
The Commanding General,
Mrst Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, Iloilo, Panay.
Sir : I am directed to inform you that there will be sent out to-day by steamer ^S"^, Paul
to Iloilo a number of discharged native-Spanish troops, to wit, to the number of about
600. These discharged soldiers live in the southern islands, and it is thought that they
will give less trouble if landed at Iloilo than if landed at other points. You will there-
fore please receive them at Iloilo or in the vicinity. The vessel transporting them, with
its guard — a company of the First Tennessee Volunteers — will be directed by you to
return immediately to this port.
In regard to the collection of duties on merchandise at Iloilo, you were informed
that your suggestions on that subject, received through Colonel Potter, would be sub-
mitted to Washington for decision. They were so submitted, and the following cable-
gram has been received in response :
"Washington, January 19.
*'0tis, Manila:
" The President desires no forcible measures to be used for the present in collecting
customs duties at Iloilo.
"CORBIN."
You will therefore be guided by these instructions, which are in line with those sent
you from these headquarters. Matters here remain in a very excited condition, and
conflict with the insurgent troops is avoided only by the skillful supervision of officers.
Please report the condition of affairs at Iloilo.
Very respectfully, yours, Thomas H. Barry,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Still General Miller was greatly dissatisfied with his surroundings. He could not
perform military service, nor could he conduct business atfairs. He was kept watching
Hosted by
Google
468 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
and waiting under very unpleasant circumstances, which grew more irlisome every
passing day. On February 3d, the day previous to the opening of actual hostilities at
Manila, he wrote :
Hbadquarteks First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps,
On Board Transport Newport,
IIoUq Harbor, P. J., February 3, 1899.
The Adjutant General,
Department of the Pacific, Eighlh Army Corps.
Sir: I have the honor to report the military situation here unchanged. The insur-
gents are reported to be placing another gun in position. This is outside and near the
entrance to the fort, bearing on our sliips.
The insurgents in town are to-day having a little trouble. Two companies in the
main barracks demanded some pay and better food, and threatened to take up their
arms and go back into the country if they were not paid. The row is not yet settled.
Some $15,000 — export and import doty — have been received in the collector's office, and
I presume the troops want a part of that.
Reports from the southern islands, Negros and Gebu, are to the eflfect that these peo-
ple realize that they can not succeed with an independent government and want us to
take possession.
I still feel that this place — Iloilo— ought to be captured. Such a step would deprive
the insurgents of large receipts from customs, cripple their means to pay the soldiers,
and arouse the people favorable to us in the southern islands to express more freely
their true sentiments. 1 am well satisfied that a great proportion of the inhabitants of
Panay, Negros, and Cebu are favorable to our occupation at once.
A large proportion of the supplies for the Iloilo people come from the American
steamers from Manila, a trade which is carried on through the collector of the port of
Manila with the insurgents at Iloilo. Is there no way to stop this trade? Cutting off
supplies in this way will help to bring these people to terms. I can't understand how
such a business can be carried on against the best good of our country.
Very respectfully,
M. P. Miller,
Brigadier General, U. S. V., Commaiiding.
During this period rapidly succeeding significant events were fast approaching a
state of war and strongly indicated the fixed determination of the insurgent govern-
ment to drive the United States from Luzon as soon as it could gather its armed men in
suflicient numbers. It had appropriated the railway, every engine, and most of its
rolling stock. It was perfecting its intrenchments around us, planting its guns, concen-
trating its troops, and bringing up its army supplies, though still publicly asserting its
desire for peace. With the cunning which it had always attempted to practice in its
amateur diplomacy it endeavored to force the United States to commit the first physical
act of hostility in the way of musketry fire, in order to appeal to the sympathies of the
foreign public for a seemingly oppressed people, which it falsely claimed to represent.
In this it signally failed. The knifing and attempted shooting of our picket sentries
brought no hostile response, except the killing, by the intended victim, of the assassin
who had so dexterously used the knife upon him. The excitement within the city was
very noticeable, and the cruelty of the "Americano" was the theme. No one seemed to
be possessed of any fixed determination but the Tagalo. All others were watching for
new demonstrations and waiting for developments. Manila is unparalleled for diver-
sity of race and babel of tongues ; also for its grade of enlightenment from barbaric
ignorance to the highest civilized stage. Rumors innumerable and of the most varied
character filled the atmosphere. To-day attack was imminent, and to-morrow friendly
councils were about to prevail. One fairly well acquainted with the scheming in prog-
ress and the trend of events could not reach any satisfactory conclusions on the proba-
bilities of war, and to one unacquainted therewith sane conclusions were impossible. I
endeavored to inform Admiral Dewey of the actual situation from day to day, and a
few extracts from hastily dictated letters of that time will show how hard it was to
formulate opinion. These brief extracts are also an index to swiftly recurring events.
The following are furnished :
Manila, P. I., January 16, 1899.
I have been too busy to write, but had there been anything special to communicate
should have done so. The city is now very quiet and people are again appearing on the
streets, seemingly confident that no immediate disturbances are likely to ensue. * * *
Our conferences with General Agulnaldo's commissioners are still in progress. The
commissioners had a long session on Saturday evening and meet again to-morrow even-
ing. The conferences seem to have quieted the atmosphere very much. The Malolos
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 469
congress on Saturday, I understand, disposed of some radical questions by vote. Indi-
cations are that the United States Government received favorable consideration. I do
not look for anything to develop in the next few days, but we are obliged to keep up
constant vigilance.
January 19, 1899.
* * * Everything remains quiet in the city. It is rumored this morning that insur-
gents say we are only trying to prolong our conference until we can receive more troops,
and that the commission appointed, or to be appointed, by the President is only another
ruse to gain time. Their army seems to be more or less excited and is considering the
matter whether it would not be policy to destroy us all at once, before we can get any
more soldiers. All this may be called street rumor, V3ut it is very actively circulated.
The insurgent army is becoming very tired of doing nothing and demands blood. Busi-
ness is being transacted as usual ; a good manj^ people on the streets and quite a num-
ber returning again to town.
January £1, 1899.
I was very sorry when I learned yesterday that you had withdrawn the Monterey
and Concord. I said last night that there was no immediate prosi:>ect of trouble. By
that expression I meant that there would be no outbreak for a day or two. From my
information this morning I am convinced that the insurgents intend to try their hand
in a very short time — how soon I can not tell. They will not now permit us to cross their
lines and have been very insulting to our officers, calling to them that very shortly that
they would give us battle. My best information is that they have fully determined to
attack from both outside and within, the city before our additional troops arrive, and
the least spark may start a conflagration. Your war vessels placed as formerly will not
incite them to attack, but will add to their fears of success in case they begin it. They
are no longer amenable to reason ; the lower elements have gained control and their
congress is powerless to manage them. The best Filipinos in the city say that they are
going to attack the city, and that they will do it very soon, entertaining the insane idea
that they can drive us out. Should they attack, the fight will be over before your ves-
sels can reach the points where they were formerl^^ placed.
I am sending out to-day for Hollo a transport with GOO discharged native-Spanish sol-
diers who live in the southern islands, and am trying to get rid of about 1,500 of these
native troops whose homes are in Luzon. They are all insurgents now and give us
trouble in the city.
January 23, 1899.
* * * No exciti ting developments this morning. Another conference was held yes-
terday between Aguinaldo's and our representatives, resulting in very little. It was
adjourned until next Wednesday. Aguinaldo is insisting upon the recognition of inde-
pendence and the return of the Abbie and the launches. I understand that the Malolos
congress passed the proposed constitution with the clause inserted which Mabini
insisted on, viz, "Placing the power in the hands of Aguinaldo to declare war."
The city is very quiet. Yesterday we got rid of 276 of the discharged Spanish native
troops, sending them down the bay. We have still remaining 3L5 of the Macabebes who
are afraid to go out of Manila, and about 800 other natives who want to stay here.
I had a long talk with General Rios yesterday. He says that there are 24 officers with
servants, on his vessel, and considerable money, which he would like to have remain
there, and 71 passengers, besides the soldiers and crew ; that the officers belong to organ-
izations which have been disbanded, and that they came here with their families and
property with the intention of going back to Spain by first available transport at their
own expense, and he does not want the soldiers or troops to land. I have directed the
captain of the port to land the officers and passengers and to keep the vessel in the
harbor. * * * Nothing this morning from Washington. The dispatch of yesterday
directed me to make strenuous effi^rts to have insurgents release Spanish prisoners
whom they hold. I replied that my influence was not great at present, and that I had
made such an effort to release the Spanish priests that I was now accused of being in
partnership with the archbishop.
January 2U, 1899.
Things look a little ominous to-day. You have undoubtedly seen in the papers an
account of yesterday's affairs at Malolos, viz: The proclaiming of the constitution, the
proclaiming of Aguinaldo as president, captain general, and everything else, and the
speech delivered by Paterno, in which he announced that they would drive the invader
from the soil. Everything points to their determination to attack us, if they can per-
suade themselves that they can do so successfully, before the regular regiments arrive.
This is confirmed in a great many ways and I am sure it is the policy on which they are
at present proceeding,. They may succeed in burning a portion of the town, but little
else, I imagine.
January %5, 1899.
I am in receipt of your letter of this morning. I do not consider that the war is over
for the present. The insurgents would attack at once if they could be convinced that
their efforts would meet with success. The leading Filipinos of the city are afraid to
come near me, and are in a very excited condition. They know the dangers of an out-
break at any moment, and M^e are holding all troops well in hand constantly. The
business men of all nationalities are intently watching developments. The revolu-
tionary government seems to be in the ascendancy, and our former Filipino friends who
favored annexation a short time ago are, for personal safety, giving a sort of adherence
to the Malolos government. All this I fully know, and a great deal more which I can
tell you first opportunity, but which it would not be prudent to write.
The Cavite Filipinos went out to join the insurgent ranks during the inspection and
review in that zone by their secretary of war — at least so I think — and they can quickly
go back to the ranks at any time they may be called upon to do so.
Hosted by
Google
470 OREGON VOLXJNTEERS IN SPANISH WAK.
February 3, 1899.
One of the * * * launches arrived yesterday, cleared from Hongkong ; she is one
of the three of wliich * * * wrote, and concerning which I reported that from infor-
mation received here that I was quite certain was about to bring arms. Upon arrival
her cargo tallied with her manifest and she was apparently all right. * * *
The officer in charge explained that she was about two days late in arriving owing to
bad weather, which compelled her to lie off the coast. These two days gave her time to
run to the coast and discharge. * * *
Yesterday afternoon General MacArthur, whose troops north of the Pasig have
experienced trouble with the insurgents who have passed over his lines, sent Major
Strong, his adjutant general, out to the officer in command to demand an explanation.
Strong, on passing our lines, was placed under a strong insurgent guard and taken to
Mandaloyan, a point on the Pasig across the San Juan River. There he found the
officer in charge and quite a considerable insurgent force taking from several boxes a
quantity of new revolvers and Mauser rifles which had just been received. Spanish
prisoners were there (the Spanisli prisoners whom the insurgents hold) putting the
parts of the rifles together and making them ready for distribution. * * *
There has been a great deal of friction along the lines the past two days, and we will
be unable to tamely submit to the insulting conduct and threatening demonstrations
of these insurgents much longer. I am informed, iiowever, that the chief men of the
insurgent government desire to avoid any conflict at present; possibly for the reason
that they are expecting to receive arms very soon, possibly because they fear they may
uot be successful at the present time, and possibly because they may have a belief that
they can secure what they desire without conflict. They are constantly asking me to
make concessions, that they may be able to control their troops. They have seized a
number of our men, and some, I think, inside our line^. Yesterday I sent Lieutenant
Haan, of the Engineer Corps, to Malolos to secure the release of the men ; he did not
return last evening, but telegraphed me frona Malolos that he would explain his delay
on his return, which he intimated would be to-day.
The city is quiet, though there is a vast amount of underlying excitement. We are
constantly losing our employes. Yesterday seven of our men at our Malacanan quarters
left us suddenly to join the insurgents, so we are now very shorthanded. They stole and
took with them whatever they could And of value, one of them driving out of the lines
Colonel Barry's carriage, which we consider lost property.
Notwithstanding these ominous signs, unremitting exertions were continually being
made for a satisfactory solution of affairs. On the 11th of January I had sent my adju-
tant general, Colonel Barry, to Malolos, directing him to bear a Avritten message to Agui-
naldo, procure a personal interview with him if possible, acquaint hini fully with the
efforts we were making to preserve the peace, and impress upon him the necessity for
niore conservative action on the part of his troops. At this time a visit by an officer
at the insurgent capital was not considered an agreeable pastime, as he was liable to
receive gross insults. Colonel Barry, however, met with little difficulty, presented him-
self at Aguinaldo's headquarters, and requested of his secretary permission to pay liis
respects in person, stating that he was the bearer of an important communication con-
cerning which General Otis desired him to confer with the general. Aguinaldo's secre-
tary received the letter, stating that he would present it and make known General Otis's
request. Soon after he returned, conveying General Aguinaldo's regrets that press of
business did not permit him to accord the personal interview requested, and the colonel
was referred to President Mabini, of the cabinet. Mabini received him graciously, and
quite a lengthy interview followed. Mabini assured him, in substance, that the insur-
gent government had exerted itself to maintain friendly relations with the Americans ;
had thus far succeeded; that it would continue to make exertion to this end, but that
it could not control its people beyond a certain point, as they were greatly excited ; that
his government would do all in its power to effect an amicable adjustment of pending
difficulties. The communication which Colonel Barry presented was the one of January
9th in response to Aguinaldo's letter of that date, in which he announced the appoint-
ment of the insurgent commission and which appears on a former page.
I will now quote from my report to the Adjutant General of the Army of April (>th,
in which I submitted a statement of the services of our troops during February, and
endeavored to present succinctly the more important actions with resulting causes from
which war ensued :
During the latter part of January the insurgents along their established lines and
within the city exhibited increased aggressiveness, assuming a defiant attitude, so much
so that our troops were gathered well in hand to meet any demonstrations which might
be attempted. Insurgent armed parties entered far within our lines and defied our
troops to resist their approach. To arrest these proceedings, our officers, and citizens of
Manila connected with the insurgent government, were sent to insurgent general officers
at various places along their lines to request that they keep their men in check, which
Hosted by
Google
OIIEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 471
the latter invariably promised to do, paying, however, little heed to their promises.
On February 1st a small detachment belonging to our engineer company was arrested
within our territory and sent to Malolos. This act brought on the following corre-
spondence :
"Headquarters Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps,
''Manila, P. J., February 2, 1899.
" General Emilio Aguixaldo,
''Commanding Filipino Revolutionary Forces, Malolos.
" General : I have the honor to inform you that a small party of engineers, consist-
ing of a sergeant and four privates, who ai^e engaged in making surveys for the comple-
tion of the map of Manila, which the Engineer Corps is now busy in perfecting, has
been missing for two or three days and is reported to be confined in Malolos. The
detachment was sent out to do work within the city, with directions to confine itself to
the city and suburban lines. Why they were arrested I do not understand, nor can I
imagine for what reason they are held at Malolos. I am also informed that a citizen
connected with Harper\H Weekly, newspaper, of New York, engaged in taking views for
that paper, has also been arrested and held as a prisoner. I know nothing of this except
from report, nor do I know who the man is. I am also informed tliat a private soldier
who went beyond the lines without anthority, and for what motive I do not know, is
also held as a prisoner.
" I send my staff officer, Lieutenant Haan, of the Engineer Corps, to make inquiries
and request your action in this matter.
" I am doing everything possible to preserve the peace and avoid all friction until the
Filipino people can be made fully acquainted with the sentiments and intentions of the
American Government, when I am confident they will appreciate the endeavors of the
United States and will again look upon that country as their friend and protector. I
also fully believe that the present unrest is the result of the machinations of evil-dis-
posed persons.
" I am. General, most respectfully, your obedient servant,
" E. S. Otis,
" Major General, U. 8. V., Commanding. ^^
" Malolos, February U, 1899.
" Major General Otis,
"Chief of the Forces of Occupation of Manila and Cavite.
" General : In reply to your letter of February 2d, I have the honor to state tliat
the sergeant and four American soldiers of the Engineer Corps, to-day liberated, were
detained within our territory, beyond our advanced lines on Soils Street, examining
our intrenchments and defenses, at a distance of less than 200 meters.
" The said individuals carried a revolver, knives, a compass, plans of Manila and its
suburbs, a book with topographical notes, a measuring tape, a machete, two penknives,
scales, etc.
"I deeply regret that these soldiers have been taken within our lines, according to
the testimony of our officers' witnesses of our detention, inasmuch as there exists a
decree, dated October 20th, which prohibits all foreigners from approaching our defen-
sive works, taking photographic views of the same, drawing plans, or entering our terri-
tory with arms, although free transit is permitted all who are unarmed.
" The correspondent of Harper\s Weekly was arrested in San Juan del Monte taking
photographic views, and the proof of this is that in care of Colonel Miguel he has been
sent his camera and his horse.
" I must state that in consideration of the friendship of the Filipino people for the
Americans the said soldiers have not been imprisoned, but detained in accordance with
the spirit of the decree of October 20th last. They have been lodged in the Gobierno
Militar and have been issued the daily rations of our officers. If they have been uncom-
fortable it is due to the excessive sobriety of our race and soldiers, who are accustomed
to eat but little and sleep on the hard ground.
"With these explanations I believe, General, you will understand the motive for the
detention of your soldiers to-day liberated and who have been treated with all due con-
sideration.
"I therefore hope that your determination may be another naotive on which to base
our friendly relations with the great American Republic, and in consideration of this I
also decree the liberty of the correspondent referred to.
"I am. General, as ever, your obedient servant, Emilio Aguinaldo,"
It will be observed that the insurgent government insisted that this engineer party
was arrested outside of our small field of operations, which I am confident was not the
fact, but the correspondence is given to show the efforts of the American authorities to
sustain the peace. Duringall this time our officers and men were insulted and openly
proclaimed to be cowards ; our outposts were attacked at night, and the impression
became general that the insurgents, notwithstanding our efforts, would indulge soon in
open attack, in the belief apparently entertained by them that they would meet with
feeble resistance. During the entire month of January they had labored incessantly to
strongly intrench their lines and place their artillery in position, and boasted freely of
their intentions to soon drive the American forces out of Manila. On the night of
Hosted by
Google
472 OREGON VOLirNTiSERS IN SPANISH WAH.
B'ebruary 2d they sent a strong detachment to draw the fire of our outposts, which took
lip a position immediately in front and within a few yards of the same. The outpost
was strengthened by a few of our men, who silently bore their taunts and abuse the
entire night. This was reported to me by General MacArthur, whom I directed to com-
municate with the officer in command of the insurgent troops concerned. His prepared
letter was shown me and approved, and the reply received (both papers found in General
MacArthur's accompanying report) was all that could be desired. However, the agree-
ment was ignored by the insurgents, and on the evening of February 4th another
demonstration was made on one of our small outposts, which occupied a retired posi-
tion at least one hundred and fifty yards within the line which had been mutually
agreed upon — an insurgent approaching the picket and refusing to halt or answer when
challenged. The result was that our picket discharged his piece, when the insurgent
troops near Santa Mesa opened a spirited fire on our troops there stationed.
The insurgents had thus succeeded in drawing the fire of a small outpost, which
they had evidently labored with all their ingenuity to accomplish, in order to justify
in some way their premeditated attack. It is not believed that the chief insurgent
leaders wished to open hostilities at this time, as they were not completely prepared to
assume the initiative. They desired twa or three days more to perfect their arrange-
ments, but the zeal of their army brought on the crisis which precipitated their pre-
meditated action. They could not have delayed long, however, for it was their object
to force an issue before American troops, then en route, could arrive in Manila.
We now take up for review the more important affairs of the second period of the
year which this directed report must present — the period extending from February 4,
1899, to the present date.
The returns of the United States troops rendered on January 31st gave a numerical
strength present in the Philippines of eight hundred and nineteen commissioned officers
and twenty thousand and thirty-two enlisted men. Of these seventy-seven officers and
two thousand three hundred and thirty-eight enlisted men were absent in Cavite and
at Hoilo Harbor. These numbers included all officers and enlisted men belonging to
the line or attached to staff' corps, a good many of whom had been detached for service
in tiie various branches of civil administration which had been inaugurated or reetab-
lished. On February 2d I cabled to Washington that the deaths in all organizations
since their arrival in the islands numbered two hundred and twenty, of which forty-one
were due to the casualties of battle and accident, that sixty-four had been caused by
typhoid fever, forty-three by smallpox, twenty- two by dysentery, eight by malarial
fevers, and the others were due to various diseases ; that the prevalence of smallpox
caused apprehension, but that the entire command had been vaccinated several times,
and twelve physicians, mostly resident, had been engaged several weeks in vaccinating
natives ; that nine per cent of the command was then reported sick, but that the great
majority of all ailments were slight in character. Subtracting from the entire numerical
strength of all troops present in the islands, those at Cavite and Hoilo, the sick, those
serving in the civil departments, and those belonging strictly to and doing duty in the
staff' organizations, the etfective men of the line, officers and soldiers, were about
fourteen thousand. Of these, three thousand belonged to the provost guard and were
expected to check the demonstrations of the natives and preserve order within Manila.
The troops were occupying a great many buildings located in the various parts of the
city, and it was the declared intention of the secret hostile organizations in our midst to
burn them as soon as our troops should be called to the lines of defense determined
uppn in order to resist the insurgent attack from without, as well as to destroy by fire
the more important business sections. For this purpose they had provided themselves
with a considerable quantity of kerosene oil, some of which had previously been seized
or confiscated. It was necessary, therefore, to detail an efficient permanent guard to
protect each barrack building, which was made up partially of special duty men. And
it might be remarked here that a curious feature of the insurgent plan of making war,
Avhich its soldiers invariably practiced for two months after active hostilities com-
menced, was to burn property indiscriminately, following Russia's example during
Hosted by
Google
OREiGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 473
Napoleon's advance on Moscow, of which they had heard, or Spain's practice in the
islands when the natives were considered to deserve chastisement.
After estimating the necessities for the proper protection of the city, it was ascer-
tained that we had about ten thousand men availalable with whom to meet Aguinaldo's
concentrated armj-, variously estimated at from twenty to thirty thousand, but we had
the interior of the circumscribed half-circle which was occupied by his troops — his
flanks resting on Manila Bay north and south of the city and about five miles distant
from each other, and his center about four miles east of the walled town, cut by the
Pasig River. The river was not fordable and there were no means of crossing it, except
by small boats, hence insurgent troops of one wing could not give support to the other
in order to meet any emergency of battle which might arise. We therefore had no fear
for results in so far as the efforts of the encircling force were concerned. To a Washing-
ton dispatch of inquiry received about February 1st, I replied that in case hostilities
were forced upon us we could handle Aguinaldo's army, and only feared the burning of
the city by the unfriendly partially organized portion of the inhabitants.
Several weeks previous to this date we had moved the Nebraska regiment from its
barracks in the thickly settled Binondo district to the high, unoccupied ground at Santa
Mesa, the most eastern suburb of the city, where it was placed in camp. This change
was made for sanitary reasons solely, as the regiment had been suffering from a very
high rate of sickness caused by unhealthy locality. The new location was within the
view and the range of the Mauser rifles of the insurgents along the San Juan River por-
tion of their line. During the latter part of January I was informed by good Filipino
authority that the insurgents meditated an attack on these troops and was advised to
remove them or, in their exposed place, the insurgents would kill them all. General
MacArthur, who commanded north of the Pasig, warned Colonel Stotsenberg, who com-
manded that regiment and camp, and placed two guns of the Utah Artillery in position
a short distance removed therefrom. It was expected that the insurgents would make
the initiative at this point and they acted strictly in accordance with our anticipations.
General Aguinaldo was now at the zenith of his power. He had recently repressed
rebellion which had raised its head in central Luzon. He had assembled a pliant con-
gress, many members of which had been appointed by him to represent far distant
congressional districts, and which had voted him the dictator of the lives and fortunes
of all the inhabitants of the Philippines. He dominated Manila, and when he ordered
that the birthday of the martyred Rizal should be appropriately observed there, busi-
ness was paralyzed and not a native dared to pursue his accustomed daily labors. Not
a province had the courage to oppose his appointed governors, backed by their Tagalo
guards, although a few of those governors had previously suffered martyrdom for the
zeal exhibited in collecting money and sequestering private property. The southern
islands were obedient. The appointed governor for one, and that one not eager for inde-
pendence, wrote in January :
To the Honorable President of the Revohitionary Government of the Philippines :
H0N011AB1.E Sik: This government has received the respected communication from
the presidency under your command, ordering that under no pretext whatever are
American or other foreign troops to be permitted to land on this island, which order it
will be my pleasant duty to comply with as far as the scanty forces under my command
will permit. I have, under to-day's date, ordered the officials under my command in
charge of the towns of this province to follow the same instructions, under pain of the
most severe penalties.
I have the honor to reply as above to the communication before cited.
God guard you for many years for our liberty and independence.
He was hailed from Europe as the savior of his country and as first of " the generous
and noble Tagalo people," and was assured of "the sympathy of all liberal and noble
nations." He was called upon to take a prominent part in United States politics, and
those extending the invitation said :
President Aguinaldo :
Dear Sir: In the interest and welfare of the Filipino Republic, I take the liberty to
write you regarding an educational work to be published in this country representing
Hosted by
Google
474 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
tbe views of the antiexpansion party, or the people who wish to see a free and independ-
ent Philippine republic.
The object of this work is to increase public sentiment against annexation of the
Philippines. Therefore, believing that some facts from the pen of your honor would
strengthen the cause, I am authorized to ask certain questions.
Mrst. Will you kindly state the per cent of those who wish annexation to the United
States, if such there be ?
Second. Will the natives take constant interest in political affairs under self-govern-
ment ?
Third. Are thoy upon recognition ready to drop their arms and enter upon an enter-
prising industrial life ?
After answering these questions, a short article regarding the Philippine feeling
toward this country and their wished for independence will be appreciated, and I am
confident will very materially strengthen this cause in the election to decide the policy
of ohr country.
Hoping your sincere love for your people will insure an immediate reply, I remain,
Very respectfully,
He was confident that the great majority of people of the United States justified him
in his rebellion, and as for its soldiers whom he had shut up in Manila, many sympa-
thized with his people in their struggle for independence and would not fight him. To
an unbeliever in this last conviction he said, "Go to the lines at Santa Ana and be con-
vinced," and the man went and pretended to believe. The encouragements and friendly
advice he received from foreign parts through newspapers and communications from
admirers, absent delegates, and representatives assured him of an easy solution of the
war problem before him if he could strike while only a few volunteers confronted him
and before the regulars then en route could arrive. He therefore confidently concen-
trated his well armed and ammunitioned forces to man the holes his troops had been
weeks in digging and where they would be secure from attack in any event, even if suc-
cess did not attend his efforts to slaughter the Americans or drive them into the waters
of the bay. These preparations consummated, he prepared the outlines of his declara-
tion of war, the full text of which was published at Malolos and very shortly after his
hostile shots were first responded to by our troops, and without considering cause or
intent. The longed for Opportunity had arrived and he hastened to embrace it. The
declaration was circulated in Manila the next morning, and read as follows :
GENERAI. ORDER TO THE FHII.IPPINE ARMY.
Nine o'clock P. M., this date, I received from Caloocan station a message communi-
cated to me that the American forces, without prior notification or any just motive,
attacked our camp at San Juan del Monte and our forces garrisoning the blockhouses
around the outskirts of Manila, causing losses among our soldiers, who^ in view of this
unexpected aggression and of the decided attack of the aggressors, were obliged to
defend themselves until the firing became general all along the line.
No one can deplore more than I this rupture of hostilities. I have a clear conscience
that I have endeavored to avoid it at all costs, using all my efibrts to preserve friendship
with the array of occupation, even at the cost of not a few humiliations and many sac-
rificed rights.
But it is my unavoidable duty to maintain the integrity of the national honor and
that of the army so unjustly attacked by those who, posing as our friends and libera-
tors, attempted to dominate us in place of the Spaniards, as is shown by the grievances
enumerated in my manifest of January 8th last; such as the continued outrages and
violent exactions committed against the people of Manila, the useless conferences, and
all my frustrated efforts in favor of peace and concord.
Summoned by this unexpected provocation, urged by the duties imposed upon me
by honor and patriotism and for the defense of the nation intrusted to me, calling on
God as a witness of my good faith and the uprightness of my intentions —
I order and command :
1. Peace and friendly relations between the Philippine force and the American forces
of occupation are broken, and the latter will be treated as enemies, with the limits pre-
scribed by the laws of war.
2. American soldiers who may be captured by the Philippine forces will be treated
as prisoners of war.
8. This proclamation shall be communicated to the accredited consuls of Manila, and
to congress, in order that it may accord the suspension of the constitutional guaranties
and the resulting declaration of war.
Given at Malolos, February 4, 1899.
Emilio Aguinaldo,
General in Chief.
TO THE PHILIPPINE PEOPLE.
By my proclamation of yesterday I have published the outbreak of hostilities between
the Philippine forces and the American forces of occupation in Manila, unjustly and
unexpectedly prpvoked by the latter.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 475
In my manifest of January 8th last I published the grievances suffered by the Philip-
pine forces at the hands of the army of occupation: The constant outrages and taunts,
which have caused the misery of the people of Manila, and, finally, the useless confer-
ences and the contempt shown the Philippine government prove the premeditated
transgression of justice and liberty.
I know that war has always produced great losses; I know that the Philippine
people have not yet recovered from past losses, and are not in the condition to endure
others. Hut I also know by experience how bitter is slavery, and by experience I know
that we should sacrifice all on the altar of our honor and of the national integrity so
unjustly attacked.
I have tried to avoid, as far as it has been possible for me to do so, armed conflict, in
my endeavors to assure our independence and pacific means and to avoid more costly
sacrifices. But all mj^ efforts have been useless against the measureless pride of the
American Government and of its representatives in these islands, who have treated me
as a rebel because I defend the sacred interests of my country and do not make myself
an instrument of their dastardly intentions.
Past campaigns will have convinced you that the people are strong when they wish
to be so. Without arms we have driven from our beloved country our ancient masters,
and without arms we can repulse the foreign invasion as long as we wish to do so.
Providence always has means in reserve and prompt help for the weak in order that
they may not be annihilated by the strong; that justice may be done and humanity
progress.
Be not discouraged. Our independence has been watered by the generous blood of
oar martyrs. Blood which may be shed in the future will strengthen it. Nature has
never despised generous sacrifices.
But remember that in order that our efforts may not be wasted, that our vows may
be listened to, that our ends may be gained, it is indispensable that we adjust our
actions to the rules of law and of right, learning to triumph over our enemies and to
conquer our own evil passions.
EmII.10 AGUINAIiDO,
Malot^oS, February 5, 1899. .President of the Philippine Republic.
The battle of Manila, which commenced at half-past 8 o'clock on the evening of Feb-
ruary 4th, continued until 5 the next evening. Its details were fully reported on April
6th last, and it is not necessary to present them anew. I insert a short extract from that
report to show the determination of the insurgents to provoke conflict:
During the entire month of January they had labored incessantly to strongly intrench
their lines and place their artillery in position. * * * On the night of February 2d
they sent in a strong detachment to draw the fire of our outpost, which took up a posi-
tion immediately in front of and within a few yards of the same. The outpost was
strengthened by a few men, who silently bore the detachment's taunts and abuse the
entire night. This was reported me by General MacArthur, whom I directed to com-
municate with the officer in command of the insurgent troops concerned. His prepared
letter was shown me and approved, and the reply (both papers found in General Mac-
Arthur's accompanying report) was all that could be desired. However, the agreement
entered into was ignored by the insurgents, and on the evening of February 4th another
demonstration was made on one of our small outposts, which occupied a retired posi-
tion, at least 150 yards within the line which had been mutually agreed upon, an insur-
gent approaching the picket and refusing to halt or answer when challenged. The result
was our picket discharged his piece, when the insurgent troops near Santa Mesa opened
a spirited fire on our troops there stationed.
The engagement was one strictly defensive on the part of the Insurgents and of vigor-
ous attack by our forces, although during the night it was confined to an exchange of
fire between the opposing lines on the north from the Pasig River to the Lico road, a
distance of about two miles, with an occasional shot on the south side in the vicinity of
Paco, and a few straggling shots on the extreme left in the direction of Caloocan.
Admiral Dewey had placed two vessels a short distance off shore to the north and
one to the south of our flanks, where they rested on Manila Bay, and shortly after day-
break on the 5th I telegraphed him : Heavy firing all along our north front at midnight
and at 4 A. m. Casual firing at Paco. Several casualties in Tondo district. Charleston
and Callao could give efficient aid in that vicinity," and at 6.50 A. m. I wired him that
" firing continues ; few casualties ; a sharp raking fire of one-half hour just to north of
blockhouse on Vitas Pass would reach insurgent line and demoralize them." This was
effected, and the Monadnock on the south was also doing good service. At midnight
General Anderson, who commanded all troops south of the Pasig, consisting of King's
and Ovenshine's brigades, was directed to hold them in readiness to receive a morning
attack, but not to attack until further instructed. Our immediate interests lay to the
northeast and comprised the pumping station and deposito of the waterworks, which
it was necessary to secure, although we had provided for their loss, in so far as the army
was concerned, by erecting a number of distilling plants along the river banks, by which
Hosted by
Google
476 ORKGOK VOLUKTE^ERS TK SPANISH WAH.
good water could be obtained. S to tsenburg had attacked early in the morning, drove
the enemy from the blockhouses in his front, and reported that he could capture the
powder magazine and waterworks (deposito meaning, through pumping station under-
stood at the time,) if desired. MacArthur had been pressing back the enemy in his
entire front, inflicting heavy loss. He had called for troops to fill gap on Stotsenburg's
left, and a battalion of the First Tennessee Regiment of the provost guard, under the
command of its colonel, was sent to him, and the following correspondence by telegraph
ensued :
General MacAkthtjii: Stotsenburg reports^, "Have captured blockhouses ii and 7;
burned 6. Can capture powder magazine and waterworks if desired." Battalion First
Tennessee has passed to report to you. Let Stotsenburg go ahead with aid of Tennessee,
if conditions permit, and capture magazine. Waterworks must wait. Not prudent to
advance small force so far out.
Otis.
General Otis : Am making inquiries at various parts of line to determine expediency
of moving Stotsenburg as you suggest, so as to extend entire line from Maraquina to
Caloocan. Stotsenburg's success on right may have induced them to retire on the left.
This I am now trying to ascertain. Do you approve of this movement if I find it expe-
dient?
MacAbthur.
General MacArthuk : Do not think extension of our line from Maraquina to Caloo-
can prudent. Our flank would be greatly exposed at Maraquina. You had all your
available troops underarms all night, and portions of them must have rest and sleep,
so that you could not place more than 8,000 men on line permanently. I think Stotsen-
berg meant reservoir and not waterworks,
Otis.
The Nebraska regiment and Tennessee battalion advanced rapidly during the morn-
ing and captured the powder house and deposito, and the South Dakota regiment on
the left drove the enemy from all their intrenchments as far to the westward as the
Lico road, and about noon the following telegram was sent to General MacArthur :
Reported that insurgent troops were arriving all night and this morning for service
in your front. Think line you suggest from coast to Chinese hospital your proper one,
not permitting Stotsenberg to expose your right flank unnecessarily.
The insurgents had firm possession of the railway and all of its rolling stock, and
were utilizing it to the best advantage in forwarding to Caloocan its troops from the
north. To my dispatch General MacArthur replied as follows :
Have your dispatch. Will act accordingly and try and occcupy Chinese hospital and
extend the line to the left from that point We have everything now to include block-
house 4, and I have no doubt when Colonel Kessler gets a gun, which I have sent to the
front, we will demolish and occupy the hospital if it is still defended by the insurgents.
At 11.20 A. M. Stotsenburg is crossing San Juan River at the bridge. Have a uthorized
him to proceed according to your advice, but to be prudent and not go too far, as the left
of the insurgent line still holding on, or at all events not yet occupied by us.
This line was established during the afternoon, and General MacArthur had little to
contend with for the remainder of the day, his chief difiiculty thereafter coming from
the rear, from which an occasional hostile shot was fired, and in the evening he tele-
graphed he had everything at the front with the exception of two companies of the
Montana, and continued : "If you will look at the map you will see that my line extends
from a point opposite San Pedro Macati to the bay. It Will hardly be possible to bring
anybody in to-night, as new demands may arise. I suggest, but do not request, that a
battalion be sent here for an extraordinary reserve, to be placed along the Lico road to
Calle Iris.
Two companies were borrowed from the provost guard and placed as requested.
The troops of General Anderson became eager to attack the enemy early on the morn-
ing of the 5th, and at 7.48 o'clock permission was granted, the general being cautioned :
" Do not advance too far, and look out for your flanks and the Monadnock.^^
General King had asked to swing his brigade, the left of which rested on the Pasig
near Santa Ana, to the left, thereby driving the enemy in his front to the river, where he
would have them at his mercy. This was authorized, and the Californias, Washingtons,
and Idahos responding with great vigor, the movement was attended with signal suc-
cess. The insurgent casualties here were very heavy and many were drowned in the
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 477
Pasig, having attempted to cross it to escape punishment. Meanwhile the right of
Anderson's line, which was confronted by an almost impenetrable thicket, was meeting
with serious difficulties. It had driven the insurgents from their intrcnchments on the
extreme right, but at the center in the jungle and swamp they held on with great tenac-
ity. This position was pressed by a i^ortion of the Fourteenth Infantry, under Captain
Murphy, and Wheeler's troop of the Fourth Cavalry, which advanced slowly, shooting
the insurgents in their formidable intrenehments, w^hich they had constructed therein,
as they refused to yield. At 11 o'clock a. m. I telegraphed General Anderson as follows :
Establish your final line from coast opposite Pasay to San Pedro Macati. This gives
you a short line and command of all the roads leading to the north and fairly open
country. You can undertake it as soon as Murphy overcomes difficulty in his front.
The North Dakotas can advance along coast of bay near Pasay. You can attend to all
this as soon as you are sure of capturing San Pedro Macati.
And I thereupon telegraphed Admiral Dewey as follows :
Have directed Anderson to establish southern line between Pasay and San Pedro
Macati on Pasig. He will move down as soon as he has full possession of San Pedro
Macati, which will soon fall into his hands. Will you keep vessel to the front to assist
advance down coast?
General Anderson seemed doubtful if his troops could obtain possession of the indi-
cated line (the Pasig and San Pedro Macati road) that afternoon on account of the diffi-
culty experienced at his center. He had telegraphed from Battery Knoll, right of Paco
bridge, at 12.30 p. m.:
King has taken Santa Ana; 200 prisoners. Many Filipinos reported killed. Our loss
unknown ; believed not to be heavy. Ovenshine has cleared his front on his right, driv-
ing them back to our old intrenehments. Captain Murphy said to have advanced to
blockhouse 14, but insurgents still hold flanking position on his right. Have sent down
one gun which has opened on them, but do not know with what results. Firing still
continues. Last seen of Smith (colonel of California regiment, meaning) was advancing
on the right with two battalions and entering San Pedro Macati. Prevent insurgent
reenforcements crossing river.
And later he telegraphed from Paco bridge as follows :
Major General Anderson presents his compliments and says that he has sent all
available troops to rout insurgents on Captain Murphy's flank, but that present force is
inadequate to accomplish this. He requests that he be reenforced with a battalion from
General Hughes's command, and with these he is confident he can drive insurgents out.
Another battalion of the Tennessee regiment was borrowed from the provost mar-
shal and was conducted by my aid, Captain Sanders, to the center of this line, bat did
not arrive until the ground had been carried.
I had sent Lieutenant Colonels Crowder and Potter to make known to General
Anderson the particulars of the movement desired, and finally, fearing that some mis-
understanding might result, explained to Lieutenant Colonel Barry, my Adjutant Gen-
eral, all particulars, making careful reference to the map, and dispatched him to confer
with General Ovenshine. He went direct to that officer, whose troops on the right of
the line had returned to the original position of the morning, fearing the shells from the
guns of the Monadnock, which struck uncomfortably near. When Colonel Barry
explained fully to him what was expected of his troops he at once took up the advance,
swinging a part of his line to the left, attacking the enemy in the flank — whom he soon
routed and drove beyond the range of fire — and placed his entire line firmly on the
Pasay road.
At 4.30 o'clock Colonel Barry telegraphed me as follows :
Have just returned from the fight in front of Murphy's position. Insurgents driven
out in sharp fight when General Ovenshine advanced toward Pasay. Little loss to our
forces, but insurgents badly handled. Many killed. Will see General Anderson, then
return to Malacanan. Word has just been received that Ovenshine has taken Pasay
without resistance. Anderson at San Pedro Macati. Will return to Malacanan.
At 4.45 I telegraphed General Anderson as follows :
First North Dakota, Fourteenth Infantry, and Fourth Cavalry on Pasay road. King
must fall out and take position on that road to-night. That will be your permanent
line. If you can spare Tennessee return it. May be trouble in Tondo and Binondo
to-night. MacArthur's troops occupying position far jn advance of this morning and
all on the line.
Hosted by
Google
478 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
During the night of February 4th and the following day the inhabitants of the city
were greatly agitated, fearing for their personal safety. Streets were almost deserted,
except by our troops. Two or three attempts were made to assemble by the secret mili-
tary organizations, but were promptly checked by Brigadier General Hughes, the pro-
vost marshal general, who had admirably placed and retained his force at the most
important points. His action was quick and decisive. Early on the morning of the 5th
his police companies so effectively delivered their fire upon these asseiij^bling organiza-
tions that they were dispersed and discouraged. Their loss in killed could not have
exceeded fifty or sixty, but they made rxo further very dangerous demonstrations until
the night of February 23d, when they suffered a severe experience for their temerity.
At the close of the day on the 5th Admiral Dewey inquired concerning the situation,
and was replied to as follows :
Situation satisfactory. On south we hold road from Pasay to San Pedro Macati. On
the north we hold the water reservoir, San Juan del Monte, and all blockhouses.
Country peaceful and city quiet. Troops fought magnificently. Insurgent dead
between 500 and 1,000. Lots of prisoners and 2 Krupp guns captured. Insurgents
demoralized. We owe gratitude for your great aid.
Our casualties for the day in killed and wounded numbered about two hundred and
fifty. Those of the insurgents will never be known. Our hospitals were filled with
their wounded, our prisons with their captured, and we buried seven hundred of them.
Their loss was estimated at three thousand, and considering the number who died on
the field of battle, might be deemed conservative.
On February 6th it was ascertained that Colonel Smith, with his Californians, had
not halted at San Pedro Macati, but had pursued the fleeing enemy up the Pasig River,
No one seemed to know definitely his location, except that it was somewhere in the
vicinity of the towns of Pasig, Pa teros, or Taguig. He had gone on with two battalions
of his regiment and occupied these villages, receiving the written surrender of the
inhabitants. General Anderson was directed to withdraw him at once to the Pasay
road, which he did not reach until the 8th of the month. The enemy took possession
of the towns which hp had evacuated upon his directed withdrawal, and celebrated
victory. They had been collecting to the east of the town of Pasig and on thp south, and
there was danger that they would cut off Smith's retreat, in case he did not fall back
without delay to his directed position.
A movement from the southern line was not considered advisable, as the bulk of
insurgent troops were again concentrating on the north in the vicinity of Caloocan, and
the short, admirable southern line which we had established was easily defended and
could spare troops for any emergency at the north.
On the morning of the 6th our attention was given to the large number of partisans
or bushwhackers, mostly in the rear of our lines, who were continually firing from nipa
huts, or other places of concealment, upon our passing transportation, messengers, and
detachments. Nearly all the barrack guards had been forwarded to the front, and the
provost guard was widely dispersed on the outskirts of the city. In some instances it
was necessary to resort to radical measures and destroy many of the nipa huts which,
situated in the bamboo and banana thickets, gave protection to scattered insurgents
who doubtless belonged to the interior organizations or city insurgent militia. The
day was devoted to the removal of the dangerous and threatening obstacles and the
burial of the dead. About noon Colonel Stotsenburg telegraphed from Deposito, or
water reservoir, the following :
General MacArthur instructs me to wire suggestions about waterworks. They should
be taken and line of pipe occupied and guarded. I think I can do it from here, and if
necessary run the pumps, occupying the high ground in the rear, and connecting with
the left of the First Division at San Pedro Macati. My command consists of the First
Nebraska, Tennessee battalion, the 2 companies of the Colorado regiment, and 4 pieces
of artillery. There is no engineer at the waterworks and no coal. I do not think we
shall find any difficulty between here and there.
Stotsenburg's command was augmented by a battalion of the Twenty-third Infantry
from the provost guard, under the command of Major Goodale, and he was directed to
proceed and carry out his plan. Later that evening I sent for General Hale, who cona-
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 479
manded the right brigade of Mac Arthur's line, informing him that I had just received
information that a part of Stofcsenburg's command was in difficulty, having been
attacked by insurgents, and that it was short of ammunition and without water. Hale
at once proceeded to the Deposito, and wired me that Stotsenburg upon leaving the
water works had ordered Goodale to take his battalion out the Maraquina road,
extending his right to connect with his (Stotsenburg's) left, and continued :
Although I had not contemplated sending any troops to Maraquina, I did not con-
sider it desirable to change orders and leave Stotsenburg's left flank without the protec-
tion he was anticipating, and as there was little resistance met through the district
traveled, and as we heard no firing on our left, there appeared no special danger in
(xoodale's position. We threw some shells in the direction of the headquarters at
Maraquina to show them that they were covered by artillery fire and to deter them
from any attack they might make on Goodale's command.
General Hale ascertained that the reports which I had received were greatly exag-
gerated and thai no portion of Stotsenburg's command was in any immediate danger.
He at once adopted measures to keep open communication with the pumping station,
which Stotsenburg had successfully reached, by means of large detachments which
patrolled the four miles of road between Deposito and the station, and the following
morning I received this telegram from General MacArthur:
Stotsenburg just reports that he has found the missing pump machinery, that insur-
gents have abandoned Maraquina, and that 10 companies went toward Pasig. This
command has been actively engaged since Friday and wants to rest to-day and to-mor-
row. I have authorized him to do so and not to make any further active movement of
any kind without specific orders. Large band of insurgents, armed and equipped, mov-
ing toward Pasig. Recommend sending gunboat up river to prevent them crossing.
Seem to be concentrating south of Pasig. Captain Randolph is now here and I can give
him any orders you wish.
To which reply was made :
Order Captain Randolph to take the gunboat to San Pedro Macatiand remain in that
vicinity. Information will be forwarded to him at that point. Acknowledge and report
action.
The gunboat referred to was a former Pasig River passenger steamboat known as the
Laguna de Bay, which we had seized, though subsequently purchased, about two weeks
before active hostilities commenced, for service on the Upper Pasig, should occasion
require. On her we had placed machine and 6-pounder guns and heavy sheet-iron pro-
tection, and detailed for duty with her two officers and sixty-five men. She was com-
manded by Captain Randolph, of the Third Artillery, and afterwards by Captain Grant,
of the Utah Artillery, who was an experienced steamboat man, having been formerly
engaged as a captain of a passenger vessel plying the northern United States lakes. She
was a formidable and ugly-looking craft, drawing four feet of water, gave the insurgents
much uneasiness, and subsequently great fear whenever on the Pasig River, in the
waters of the Laguna de Bay, or in the rivers of Bulacan province she chanced to
appear. She was fearlessly handled and was considered to be equivalent to a regiment
of men whenever engaged. Her repeated successes led us to purchase and put in defen-
sive condition three other small light-draft river steamboats or launches, which, though
inferior to the Luguna de Bay as fighting machines, have rendered excellent service.
The insurgent troops, which Colonel Stotsenburg reported as moving upon the town
of Pasig, at the head of the river of that name, were those which, in connection with the
insurgents of the south, it was believed were about to concentrate to resist Colonel
Smith and his two lost battalions of the California regiment then in that vicinity, which
on the 6th had been ordered to withdraw immediately to their intended position at San
Pedro Macati.
On February 7th division commanders looked to the means of readily supplying
their troops with ammunition, subsistence, and water, and whatever else might be
needed. For this service we had only the primitive transportation of the country. A
few days before the fighting commenced Major Devol, transportation quartermaster of
the command, had been directed to assemble his hired carts at a certain locality in the
city upon the first indication of active hostilities and to be prepared to seize and assem-
ble there, also, all wheeled vehicles of which he could obtain possession. These instruc-
Hosted by
Google
480 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
tions he carried out most effectively, and the firing line was at all times supplied with
every essential requirement. Citizens who suffered losses thereby were instructed to sub-
mit their claims, which were promptly settled, and over $7,000 (Mexican) were paid to
them on these particular accounts. A good many unauthorized seizures were made, by
enlisted men going to and returning from the front sent in many instances for ammuni-
tion and rations. This was checked under formal orders issued on the 7th instant, and
all inhabitants were compensated who thereby suffered.
On the morning of the 7th Colonel Stotsenburg reported that he had found all miss-
ing parts of the pumping machinery- Steps were at once taken to put this machinery
in order and in the course of two days the city was receiving an abundant water supply,
which continued since thas date.
The demoralization of the insurgents, which the rough handling they had unexpect-
edly received from the American mode of conducting warfare hitherto unknow^n in
these islands, and pronounc^ed by them to be new and unsoldierly, continued for two or
three days. The leaders, confessing that their men were overmatched by our troops,
contended that they could overcome by numbers what was lacking in individual char-
acteristics. They commenced at once a reconcentration of all their forces in every direc-
tion, hastening from the north by rail every available man whether armed with rifle or
bolo. Still they had lost a good many of their original soldiers, who, thoroughly satis-
fled with the war for independence, had escaped to their homes in distant villages.
There was no lack of ammunition or subsistence for the troops on the north, but those
on the south had lost through capture all the rice and cartridges which they had stored
near their original lines and could not be resupplied without difficulty. The bolo men
of the city, who had remained quiet since the afternoon of the 5th, began to show again
a turbulent disposition, and as early as February 8th became bold and defiant. It
became necessary to make new combinations, for the insurgents still persisted in the
intention to carry out their former preconceived plan of action, which was to be an
attack on our front, assisted by an overwhelming uprising of the city insurgent militia.
Our southern line was short and secure. The northern line had a sharp protruding
angleat the Chinese church, one and one quarter miles southeast of Caloocan ; thence
it extended southeasterly toward the deposito ; thence south to the Pasig River with a
strong outpost at the pumping station, four miles east of the deposito. The left of this
was refused, running from the Chinese church to Vitas Pass in a southwesterly direc-
tion. Two battalions of the provost guard had been sent to the pumping station and
other portions of it had been placed far out in the suburbs. The increased insurgent
activity within the city obliged the return of all this guard for city service, and to effect
it, the Wyoming battalion, three troops of the Fourth Cavalry, the North Dakota regi-
ment, and two guns of Dyer's Light Battery were withdrawn from Anderson's front.
The first organization relieved the Twenty-third battalion at the pumping station. The
cavalry and artillery troops were sent to General MacArthur for use in the vicinity of
the Chinese church, and the North Dakota regiment was placed in Malate (where an
uprising was threatened) for temporary duty.
General MacArthur had requested permission to swing his left on the town of Caloo-
can thereby giving him an excellent continuous and direct line on good ground from
that town to the deposito, but was requested to remain as quiet as possible for a couple
of days until the enemy could effect complete concentration in his front, when another
opportunity to punish him very severely would be presented. This he did, and on the 10th
of the month (it having been reported that Luna had placed about four thousand insur-
gents south of Caloocan in front of MacArthur's refused left) he was directed to rectify
his alignment, which he accomplished on the afternoon of the 10th, by a very spirited
attack on the part of the Montana, Kansas, and Pennsylvania Volunteers, and the
Third Artillery (brigade of Brig. Gen. H. G. Otis) swinging on the Chinese church as a
pivot. The attack, preceded by a fire of thirty minutes from the guns of the Navy ves-
sels on and in front of Caloocan, consisted of an impetuous charge which swept away
every obstacle, inflicting great damage on the enemy, who fought stubbornly within his
intrenchments for a time, but finally fled indiscriminately to the rear. Our troops pur^
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 481
sued beyond the line which it was intended to establish, rushed on to and over the stone
walls which surrounded the Caloocan cemetery, where the insurgents had placed a
strong force, which they well-nigh destroyed. Darkness coming on the troops were
quickly recalled, and the line, with the left resting on Caloocan, was occupied — the
extreme left being refused to guard against any movement from the direction of the
town of Malabon.
During the afternoon of February 8th I received the following dispatch from Admiral
Dewey :
Have sent flag of truce to San Roque directing withdrawal of insurgent troops. If
white flag is not flying at 9 a. m. to-morrow shall open with ships. Please direct colonel
commanding to occupy San Roque after insurgent troops leave. This is most impor-
tant in interest of navy.
San Roque was a thickly populated village connected with the naval station at
Cavite by a causeway over a narrow intervening strip of water and was at the mercy of
the guns of the navy. The insurgent troops formerly occupying Cavite had taken pos-
session of this point, where they had been augmented by considerable accessions from
the Cavite province. Our own troops, consisting of the Fifty-first Iowa Regiment, two
California battalions of heavy artillery, the Wyoming Light Artillery, and the Nevada
troop of dismounted cavalry, commanded by Colonel Loper, of the Fifty-first Iowa Reg-
iment, occupied Cavite and guarded the causeway between the two towns. Upon
receipt of the AdmiraFs telegram, Colonel Loper was properly instructed, and at 9
o'clock on the morning of the following day the insurgents, having kerosened San
Roque, fired it and withdrew, crossing the neck which joins it to the mainland. Our
troops at once took possession and by persistent efforts saved from destruction many
of its best buildings. The inhabitants fled, preceding or accompanying the insurgents,
and Colonel Loper stationed guards there and placed a force across the narrow neck of
land at a point about a mile distant from Cavite, where he confronted the insurgent
intrenchments on the main shore, where troops have since been maintained and from
which point they have operated by reconnoissance as far as old Cavite and San Fran-
cisco de Malabon.
AflTairs at the open ports of Iloilo and Cebu,por which foreign and domestic mer-
chant vessels had persistently cleared, furnishing goods and paying tribute to the insur-
gent authorities, and foreign men-of-war were intently watching the progress of events,
gave great annoyance. The questions presented bristled with conundrums of a political
character, and the United States consuls on the Asiatic coast wanted positive informa-
tion of condition and status. The territory was no longer Spain's, but we still hesitated
to take decisive action for fear of provoking the insurgents, or really giving them the
excuse to attack us when they desired. Now this last obstacle had been removed by
their determined onslaughts on Manila, and it was very important for overmastering
political reasons to take possession of these southern ports, through force or otherwise,
as circumstances might demand. Notwithstanding our military strength at Manila
was so limited that we could not pursue into the interior the fleeing enemy, we knew our
ability to worst him should he appear anywhere in our vicinity, and concluded that
exigencies compelled us to clear up the field which we were confronting at Iloilo. On
February 7th I asked authority to direct General Miller to take the place. This being
received, the Tennessee regiment, which had been acting with the Manila provost guard,
was forwarded to that point, sailing on the 9th instant. On the evening of the previous
day I dispatched Lieutenant Colonel Potter with the following instructions :
Headquarters Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps,
Manila, P, J., February 8, 1899.
Brigadier General Midder, U. S. V.,
Commanding First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, Iloilo, Panay,
Sir : The commanding general directs that you occupy Iloilo with your troops as
soon as practicable, having a care for the lives and property of the inhabitants of that
city and giving to citizens the necessary notice to withdraw therefrom in ease resistance
is anticipated.
31
Hosted by
Google
482 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
The admiral commanding the United States paval forces on the Asiatic station will
direct the commanding officers of naval vessels in the harbor of II oilo to support you in
your operations.
Avoid destruction of property in so far as may be possible with success! ul operations,
and endeavor to prevent destruction of same by native troops.
The first Tennessee regiment will sail for Iloilo to-morrow morning, the 9th instant,
and upon its arrival you will be able to make your dispositions.
The commanding general trusts to your ablility and discretion, and does not desire
to give you more specific instructions, permitting full latitude of action on your part.
These instructions will be handed to you by Lieutenant Colonel Potter, who leaves this
evening by aieixmer Butuan. He will remain with you until you are able to report the
results of your action in executing these instructions, when you will dispatch him to
these headquarters with report of same.
Very respectfully, Thomas H. Barky,
ulssistant Adjutant General.
Shortly after Lieutenant Colohel Potter arrived with instructions, and on the morning
of the 10th General Miller had a conference with the commanding officers of the United
States war vessels in the harbor and with certain business men in Iloilo, when the time
to be given the insurgents to surrender or evacuate and for the inhabitants to withdraw
from the city was determined upon. With the navy commanders the plan of battle, in
case it became necessary to forcibly take the place, was discussed, but not fully agreed
upon. The results arrived at are given in the following communications :
Headquarters I^'irst Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps,
On Board Transport Newport,
Iloilo Harbor, P. Z, February 10, 1899,
Commanding Generai^ Native Forces, Iloilo:
Sir: In a communication from Gen. Roque Lopez, dated December 31, 1898, it was
stated that armed resistance would be offered to the forces of the United States in case
they attempted to occupy Iloilo without the consent of General Aguinaldo. This com-
munication was referred, for instructions, to Major General Otis, commanding the
United States forces in the Philippine Islands. After a long delay orders have arrived,
and I am now directed by him to occupy the city of Iloilo with my troops as soon as
practicable. I therefore call upon you to deliver up the city of Iloilo and adjacent terri-
tory, and to surrender the armed forces occupying the same before sunset Saturday,
the Uth instant, or I shall proceed with my troops to occupy the city by force. It is
requested that you give warning to all noncombatants iu Iloilo, Jaro, and Molo, that in
case of resistance their city and villages will be exposed to bombardment. Any attempt
on your part in the interim to close the Iloilo River or to throw up or improve any
defensive works will at once be met by fire from the United States warships and my
troops. Free ingress and egress to boats going to and cqming from Iloilo will be permitr
ted until sunset Saturday, the 11th instant. After this time all communications must
be under flag of truce.
Official communication has been received by the steamship JButuan of the complete
defeat and scattering of the insurgent forces in the neighborhood of Manila.
Very respectfully, _ _ ^^
M. P. MILLER,
Brigadier General, JJ. S. v., Commanding.
Headquarters First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps,
On Board Transport Newport,
Iloilo Harbor, P. I., February 10, 1899.
To the Britiah, German, and American Vice Consulates :
In view of anticipated hostilities, notice is hereby given you to cause all persons who
are under your protection to seek a place of safety before 5 a. m. Sunday, the 12ih instant.
Hostilities may commence at any time after that hour and date.
Very respectfully,
M. P. Midler,
Brigadier General, TJ. 8. V., Commanding.
Official copies also respectfully furnished commanding officers H. M. S. Pigmy, and
U. S. S. Boston, and U. S. S. Petrel.
By command of Brigadier General Miller.
Chas, G. Woodward,
First Lieutenant, Third U. 8. A7-tillery, Acting Assistant Adjutant General.
The Tennessee regiment arrived at Iloilo on the night of February 10th, and next
morning, about 9 o'clock, four commissioners sent by the inhabitants boarded the New-
port, General Miller's vessel, to discuss the situation. While in conference two shots
were heard, which were fired from one of the war vessels as warning shots to the insur-
gents who were engaged in throwing up entrenchments ^tor near the fort located on the
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 483
city's water line, against which proceeding they had been warned in the letter furnished
them the previous day. To these shots the insurgents replied, and at 9.30 A. m. the fort
and the war vessels (the Baltimore and Petrel) became actively engaged. The army,
not anticipating this action, had made very little preparations for landing its troops.
The navy attack was followed by a landing of its men, the seizure of the fort, the hoist-
ing of the United States flag over the same, and the entrance of the men to the city — the
insurgents retiring before landing was effected, and firing the town during their retreat.
Lieutenant Colonel Potter, who was a witness and participant in the affair, made writ-
ten report of the events which came under his observation. The vessels which he men-
tions, namely the Arizona, 8t. Paul, 'eiwd. Newport , w^ere troop transports ; the Boston and
Petrel, vessels of the Navy ; the Iloilo and Vicenti, launches. Colonel Potter states as
follows :
As we left the Arizona we saw the BostonKs boats about halfway to the shore. The
captain of the JSL Paul wanted to move his vessel nearer shore, and was allowed to do so.
As she anchored, her starboard boats were full, and we towed them in and landed
them, while the Iloilo, which came up (having been relieved at the Arizona by the
Vicenti, which, left the flatboat had anchored) towed in the port boats a few minutes
later. The exact Lime of this landing I did not note, but afterwards saw a recorded
signal from the Petrel to the Bo.ston, which said it was 12 o'clock. All of this took time,
as the tide was running very strong. From our launch, as we preceded the St. Paul to
her anchorage near shore, we saw the flag hauled down and ours go up, and soon after
saw the navy forces advancing from the fort to the first warehouse, where they appeared
to stop and turn back. This afterwards proved to be only the Petrel's men, who landed
on the other side of the fort, where we had not seen them, while the Boston^s men under
Lieutenant Niblack, had gone uptown. Not knowing this, I started up the road, where
I was met by a signal man from the Petrel, who said they had received a message from
the Petrel that we must be careful in advancing into town, as a great many insurgents
were left in the buildings as well as in rifle pits which were dug on either side of the
street. This caused us to wait for a sufficient force to occupy all side streets and advance
cautiously (at least half an hour being thus lost), when, to our surpi-ise, on arriving at
the customhouse, we found Lieutenant Niblack's force receiving a few shots from the
enemy up river, but they had come to this point without seeing any insurgents, or hear-
ing a shot.
At the first shot from the Boston the insurgents began firing the town as they retreated
up town along_ the main street, fire being applied to both sides of the street. I saw some
places where they had failed to set fire, but where wood saturated with coal oil was piled
against doors. Before the navy was through with the bombardment, fires had been set
away up on Calle Real, and as a strong breeze was blowing there was little chance of
saving anything to leeward of the fires.
A few troops with General Miller got through the fires just beyond the customhouse,
but the rest of us were cut off from advancing for two hours. These few troops advanced
with no resistance, and took Jaro and Molo bridges. F'ires were set along the road to
the Jaro bridge before any possible landing could have saved them, and very little was
burned except to leeward, where the smoke and flames were such as to drive back com-
pany after company trying to get to the few troops in front, who would be in great peril
if attacked in force. But all attempts failed for a time. I saw two companies of Major
Cheatham's battalion try to get around by wading on the beach, but they were driven
back. It was a case which would have baffled professional firemen with a complete
apparatus for fighting fire.
General Miller, in a report made February 20th, remarks :
No arrangement or agreement with the senior officer of the Navy was made that he
should open the attack without conferring with me, but it seemed he construed my letter
to the insurgents in that light and commenced the attack. My command had been Jiving
on the rough bay ever since first arriving. With great difficulty we had gotten possession
of two lighters and three steam launches to transfer coal barges, etc., from supply ships
to permanent ships. At the time of the attack the iSamar was endeavoring to tow the
barge Cartagena to the Newport for the purpose of placing a light battery oh it. The
Arizona had a coaling ship alongside; the other launch was en route to the 8t. Paul.
* * * The Navy landed their forces promptly, and found upon arrival at the plaza an
almost impassable barrier of fire toward Jaro bridge. I think a quicker landing of my
troops would have found the same conditions in front ; as it was, I pushed through the
flames with what force I could get through and saved several buildings beyond the plaza,
near Jaro bridge, and along the banks of the Iloilo.
I now quote from the accompanying report of General Hughes, commanding at pre-
sent in the Visayan Islands : ,
Upon receipt of this information ways and means were taken by the insurgents, then
in occupation and control, for burning the city. Large quantities of petroleum were
secured and stored in the ayuntamiento, Calle Rosario, Calle San Pedro, etc. In the
early morning of February 11th, before any shots had been fired or any immediate action
was evident, these supplies of oil were distributed about the city and placed in dwell-
ings, shops, stores, etc., so as to make the work of the incendiaries easy, swift, and sure.
The statement is made that t|ie local president and other officials in uniform assisted in
Hosted by
Google
484 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
the distribution of the petroleum, and the mayor of the city, Seiior Leon, is said to have
followed the example of the mayor of Moscow by setting fire to his own house before
abandoning the city, which had been confided to his care.
On the morning of the llth the insurgents were discovered putting guns in position
on the beach for defense, and as this was in violation of the conditions specified by Gen-
eral Miller in granting time for noncombatants, etc., to make their dispositions for what
might occur, the naval gunboat Petrel fired two warning shots, upon which the land
battery being put in position opened fire on the Petrel, which opened an action that had
not been contemplated or expected on the part of either the troops or their comman-
ders until the following morning.
Firing having opened betAveen the hostile fV)rces, the incendiaries in the city imme-
diately began their {Assigned work, and the city was soon in flames. Meanwhile the
troops were being landed on the beach and the right bank of the river, and working
their way through and around the fire succeeded in reaching and securing possession of
the bridge across the Iloilo River leading to Jaro, and also the bridge across the estuary
on the road to Molo. Possession of these points assured General Miller's possession of
the city. In submitting the fact to the department commander General Miller remarks :
" It was riot contemplated to make an attack before the hour named to the consuls,
but the insurgent forces having begun acts of hostility, military necessity required that
action should be taken and Ibllowed up. Such action certainly made no difference
regarding the destruction of property, as it was a matter of common report that every
preparation had been made by the forces of the insurgents at Iloilo to set fire to the city
at the first hostile shot."
In another letter, written by General Miller on the 21st of February, the following
remark occurs:
" I have no doubt it is owing to the premature attack that any of the buildings are
saved. The plan was one of total destruction by fire."
On the following day the suburb of Jaro was taken by Major Keller with a battalion
of the Eighteenth Infantry and a battery of machine guns. General Miller reported as
follows :
"Headquarters First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps,
''Iloilo, P. I„ FebriMiry 12, 1899.
"Adjutant General, Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps:
"Sir : I have the honor to report the military situation as very vexatious. We have
captured Iloilo, as before reported, but the position of the insurgents has been such that
all the time we are exposed to sharpshooters' tire with the Mauser rifle, and no one
knows when he is safe. Jaro and Molo occupied would relieve us from this trouble, but
I should have a battalion of four companies more to hold Molo, To-day at 2 p. m. I sent
a reconnoissance to both Jaro and Molo — a ba.ttalion of the Tennessee to Molo and one
of the Eighteenth Infantry to Jaro. At Molo no enemy was found ; at Jaro the enemy
was encountered and skirihishing commenced at once. The insurgents were about 1,000
strong. They threw an accurate and concentrated fire. They fought well, but finally
retreated to Jaro and were driven beyond it. I reenforced the first battalion with the
second, and we hold Jaro to-night. Second Lieut. F. C. Bolles, Eighteenth Infantry,
attached to the machine battery, was wounded through the left leg below the knee and
one private through the lung and another through the leg. Will send specific report as
soon as possible. Our troops of the Eighteenth were under the command of Major
Keller, and afterward the two battalions were under the command of Colonel Van Val-
zah. Major Keller's battalion, assisted by the machine gun battery, under Lieutenant
Ostheim, did the work. Major Keller is an able, fearless, and brave oflicer; also Lieu-
tenant Ostheim. I shall make recommendation about them later,
"Very respectfully,
"M. P. MiDDER,
'^ Brigadier General, U. 8. V., Commanding J^
On the 14th of February Major Keller made a reconnoissance in the direction of Santa
Barbara, and 4 miles from Jaro he encountered the enemy, about 500 strong, and drove
them back some distance. He lost 1 noncommissioned otficer killed and 1 wounded.
On the 19th of February a reconnoissance was made to Oton by a battalion of the First
Tennessee Volunteers, but ho enemy was found.
A battalion of the First Tennessee Volunteers made a reconnoissance in the direction
of San Miguel via Mandurriao on the 25th of February. The enemy was found a short
distance beyond Mandurriao and driven back without loss to our troops.
The military operations which have since taken place in Panay will be noted in a
later portion of this report. As soon as Iloilo was occupied by our troops a government
was established and has been successfully prosecuted.
The rapid changes in the spirit, demeanor, and demonstrations of the inhabitants of
Manila of all classes between the 5th and 10th of February could be witnessed only in a
community made up of the most heterogeneous elements. On the 6th the educated busi-
ness classes, foreign and native born, w^ere surprisingly hopeful that hostilities would
soon end. The natives of the middle and working classes were sullen, though undeter-
mined. The large Chinese laboring population rejoiced over the punishment of their
race enemies and the opportunity offered it for looting the country from which the
insurgent forces had been driven. These Chinese had followed quite closely our advan-
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 485
cing lines and secured many minor articles of property which by them were considered
of value. We had employed them, too, extensively to perform a good deal of the work
connected with supplying the troops at the front, and they performed faithful service.
On the 7th business became active again and the streets were thronged as usual. The
night was the most exciting portion of the twenty-four hours, as the occasional shots
of our sentries, the burning of nipa buildings (the work of incendiaries), and the fre-
quently detected interchange of signals between the insurgents within and those with-
out the city lines gave constant warning of the dangers which threatened us. The
means of supplying subsistence for this large motley population presented a problem for
solution in which new conditions continually obtruded themselves. The great majority
of the population never provides for the morrow and depends upon the numerous city
markets for its daily supply of food, made up almost exclu.sively, rice excepted, of the
products of the adjacent country. That source of supply had been virtually closed since
the latter part of January, and inter-island traffic had been arrested by the event of war.
On February 8th it was officially reported that the insurgent troops to the east of the
city had returned to the mountains and those to the south had disappeared, where-
upon orders were issued to permit the resumption of trade along the Pasig River to the
Laguna de Bay. This it was expected would give Manila the products of the lake coun-
try, from which source she had always obtained a large portion of articles for daily
consumption. No sooner, however, was this traffic reopened than the insurgents seized
the Upper Pasig country and threw a large force into the towns of Pasig, Pateros, and
Taguig, which it advanced to Guadalupe, within rifle shot of San Pedro Macati, where
the left of General Anderson's line rested. The bold resumption of the offi^nsive at this
point, the rapid concentration taking place at the north, and the restoration of com-
munication between the northern and southern insurgent armies depressed the better
social element of the city and correspondingly elevated the hopes of the hostile military
organizations in our midst Active demonstrations, in attacking troops on the streets,
setting fires in thickly populated districts, with an occasional murder or assassination,
were resumed, and rendered it again necessary to take every precautionary measure for
the city's safety. Orders were given to the division commanders to confine the duties
of their men within the city to the protection of their barracks, and not permit them to
patrol the streets, as the provost marshal general was prepared to effectually repress
any attempt on the part of the inhabitants to inflict serious damage.
On the evening of February 9th I wired General MacArthur at the Chinese church,
the advanced angle of his line, the following:
Reported that the insurgents will attack at 3 o'clock in the morning. Their plan to
attack your front in large force and at the same time to rise in your rear in Lico district.
They have been entering through Vitas swamps all day and landing at intersection ot
Calle Sande and Calle de Lemery at bridge. Bolo men will form between Vitas district
and Lico road.
About the same hour General MacArthur telegraphed :
It has been necessary to reenforce the blockhouse at the mouth of Vitas Creek on
account of the threatening attitude of the surrounding population. Please have the
situation examined and either authorize the abandonment of the blockhouse entirely
or make it part of the provost duty of the city. The company there is from Kansas,
and concentration in front of that regiment is reported as still in progress.
The general was directed to hold on to the position, it being considered of vital
importance, and assistance was sent to the company occupying the point. Later the
general was instructed in telegram as follows :
Not intended that you should keep 3 troops at Vitas Creek unless necessary to protect
your rear from contemplated annoyance on part of inhabitants of section. You are far
out and General Hughes can not efficiently reach you. The bolo men of Tondo are rest-
less to-day.
The action of February 10th, already hereinbefore reported, followed, but instead of
having a quieting effi^ct on the hostile portion of the inhabitants, appeared to incite
them to greater energy. Rumors of meditated uprisings were constant and were only
checked by the untiring watchfulness of the provost guard. F'ires in the diflferent sec-
tions of the city, mostly in the outskirts, were of nightly occurrence.
Hosted by
Google
486 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
On February 15th the provost marshal general secured an order issued by the Malolos
government through the responsible officer who had raised and organized the hostile
inhabitants within the city and then departed for the insurgent capital, which directed
a rising that evening, and which for barbarous intent is unequaled in these modern
times of civilized warfare. A translation reads in part as follows :
First. You will so dispose that at 8 o'clock at night the individuals of the territorial
militia at your order will be found united in all the streets of San I^edro armed with
their " bolos" and revolvers and guns and ammunition, if convenient.
Second: Philippine families only will be respected. They should not be molested,
but all other individuals, of whatever race they haay be, will be exterminated without
any compassion after the extermination of the army of occupation.
Third. The defenders of the Philippines in your command will attack the guard at
Bilibid and liberate the prisoners and " presidiarios," and, having accomplished this,
they will be armed, saying to them, " Brothers, we must avenge ourselves on the Amer-
icans and exterminate them, that we may take our revenge for the infamies and treach-
eries which they have committed upon us. Have no compassion upon them ; attack
with vigor. All Filipinos 'en masses' will second you. Long live Filipino independ-
ence!"
:<: *****
mm. The order which will be followed in the attack will be as follows : The sharp-
shooters of Tondo and Santa Ana will begin the attack from without, and these shots
will be the signal for the militia of Trozo, Binondo, Ciuiapo, and Sampaloc to go out
into the streets and do their duty. Those of Paco, Ermita, and Malate, Santa Cruz and
San Miguel will not start out until 12 o'clock unless they see their companions need
Sixth. The militia will start out at 3 o'clock in the morning. If all do their duty our
revenge will be complete. Brothers, Europe contemplates us. We know how to die as
men, shedding our blood in defense of the hberty of our country. Death to the tyrants,
war without quarter to the false Americans, who have deceived us ! Either independ-
ence or death!
Of course arrangements were made to immediately check this contemplated demon-
stration, but the order gave us our first positive assurance of the tactics which the insur-
gents intended to pursue and confirmed the rumors of intent which had been prevalent
since the last week in January. This fortunate precaution served to keep very active
the watchfulness of all officers charged with the safety of the city, and vigilance was
rewarded on the night of February 22d, when a directed rising was attempted and was
successful in its inception and primary stages. Considerable numbers of armed insur-
gents, passing by water and through swamps around Mac Arthur's left, entered Tondo,
the northern district of the city, about a mile to the rear of his line, and there con-
cealed themselves, awaiting their opportunity. Shortly after dark in the evening a
number of buildings, some of considerable importance, situated in the thickly settled
l^ortion of Binondo, were simultaneously fired, having been previously kerosened, and
while the city fire department (a department the membership of which was confined to
natives who had always proved loyal) was making great ettorts to extinguish the fires,
or at least hold them under control, the fire hose was repeatedly cut and musketry
shooting commenced very near them at the north, on the Tondo and Binondo line.
This General Hughes, present in person, soon checked with his troops, driving the
attacking parties northward, when other fires broke out in the Binondo district near
the river bank, which threatened our army supplies. These were quickly extinguished
and the armed insurgents again driven northward. Early the next morning General
Hughes moved against this enemy secreted in Tondo, which may have numbered one
thousand or more, drove it northward toward General MacArthur's lines, although it
resisted stoutly from its concealments in the bamboo and rice paddies, and behind barri-
cades which it had erected. The enemy's casualties numbered about five hundred,
while General Hughes's loss, owing to the rapidity and fierceness of his attack, was very
slight. This punishment put an end to the dangerous demonstrations within the city
on the part of the insurgent inhabitants, and thereafter they failed to respond to the
orders given them by the Malolos government, much to the latter's indignation, which
charged them with a lack of patriotism. Since February 23d, few shots of sentinels or
patrols have been heard within the confines of Manila, and those in the nighttime,
which were aimed generally at the towers of churches and convents from which respon-
sive signals were being transmitted to the signals seen at prominent points occupied by
the insurgent troops.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 487
While thpse interesting events were passing in Manila, our outer lines were being
placed in a condition of defense so that they might be securely held by fewer troops,
thus giving us the men to operate with and initiate attack on the increasing forces of
the enemy, who were becoming quite bold again. The length of our line north of the
Pasig River was about nine miles, and it was necessary to maintain it for the safety of
the city and the protection of our water plant. Besides the force at the pumping
station, we were obliged to keep a large detachment on the Mariquina road north of
the station, and to patrol the road between it and the reservoir, a distance of abont four
miles. These detached troops, which were commanded by Colonel Stotsenburg, invited
the attention of the insurgents. About the r2th instant they made a spirited attack on
the Mariquina outpost, but were signally defeated and driven several miles northward
through San Francisco del Monte toward Caloocan. On February 22d the First Nebraska
and Wyoming Volunteers attacked and scattered a considerable body of insurgents
between the reservoir, pumping station, and Pasig River, which had placed itself in
that locality, and on February 24th a detachment of the Oregon regiment and a com-
pany of the Nebraska infantry attacked and defeated an insurgent force north of the
Mariquina road. Similar actions occurred on the 25th and 27th of the month, when
the persistent enemy was driven northward with considerable loss. Again, on March
5th, 6th, and 7th, portions of the Nebraska, Oregon, and Utah troops were obliged to
attack and drive off other bodies of insurgent troops which appeared near the pumping
station and on the Mariquina road. These expeditions served to check their ardor in
that direction, and they began to pay more attention to other portions of our lines,
becoming very annoying in the vicinity of Caloocan and in front of San Pedro Macati.
At these points the troops wanted to attack, but nothing substantial could be gained
thereby and the city would be exposed needlessly. The line of the Pasig was considered
as the first requisite to improve our military situation, and we were awaiting the arrival
of troops, daily expected. The Twentieth Infantry reported February 23d, and the
Twenty-second Infantry March 4th and 5th. This gave us sufficient additional force to
take the initiative. We had lost the Tennessee Volunteers, sent to Iloilo, and received
two additional regiments, and our enlisted strength for duty in and around Manila, the
provost guard included, numbered nearly fifteen thousand men. A provisional brigade
was formed consisting of the Twentieth and Twenty-second regiments of infantry, three
troops of the Fourth Cavalry, a section of Light Battery D, Sixth Artillery, two battal-
ions of the Washington, and seven companies of the Oregon Volunteers, and Brig. Gen.
Lloyd Wheaton, U. S. V., was placed in command. This brigade engaged the enemy at
Guadalupe Ridge, near San Pedro Macati, at Pasig, Pateros, Calnta, and Taguig, and
drove him out beyond these towns. The insurgents, however, concentrated near Taguig,
and made a spirited attack on General Wheaton's troops there, infiicting a few casual-
ties, but he collected his forces quickly and early the next morning made a counter
attack, which the insurgents were unable to withstand, routed them and drove them
fifteen miles down the shore of the lake. Their losses in killed and wounded numbered
more than two hundred, while General Wheaton's casualties in the entire six days
engaged (between March 10th and 17th) did not aggregate thirty. The gunboat Laguna
de Bay, Captain Grant, of the Utah Artillery, commanding, assisted greatly in these
affairs, opened the river to the lake which she entered, dispersed the insurgents' ship-
ping, which consisted of launches, cascoes, and innumerable small boats, considerable
of which were captured. Garrisons were established at the towns of Pasig, Pateros,
and Taguig, with one gunboat in the lake and one in the river, when the remainder
of the brigade was returned to the city and incorporated in other organizations. The
line of the Pasig was thus established and the insurgent communication between their
forces to the north and on the south was permanently interrupted.
In the mean time my native scouts were obtaining information at the north. Malolos
had become a war depot; also Calumpit and Baliuag. It was reported that the former
city contained a very large quantity of rifle ammunition ; that the intervening country
beyond Caloocan and along the line of the railroad was virtually covered with defensive
works, intrenchments having been constructed every few hundred yards. Lieutenant
Hosted by
Google
488 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
General Luna boasted of having available on the short line fronting General Mac Ar-
thur's left sixteen thousand men, but my scouts numbered those between Caloocan and
Malolos at from six to eight thousand and verified their estimates by personal observa-
tion. This concentrated insurgent force was then our true objective, and it was believed
that it would stand and receive our attacks. Our troops were impatient to be let loose
and were in excellent health and spirits.
The Fourth and Seventeenth Infantry, with Major General Lawton and staff, arrived
from New York City between the 10th and 22d of March. New military combinations
were made on March 17th, General Lawton relieving Major General Anderson, who had
been advanced to the position of brigadier general in the regular establishment and
directed to proceed to the United States. Both this division and the second, that of
Geheral MacArthur, were given three brigades, those In the first commanded by Briga-
dier Generals Ovenshine, King, and Wheaton, and those in the sfecond by Brigadier Gen-
erals Hale, Otis, and Hall. To secure sufficient force for the northern advance it was
necessary to take all available organizations from both divisions, but Manila and the
waterworks must remain covered. A separate column for General MacArthur was made
up from his own immediate command, composed mostly of the volunteers, and consisting
of the brigades of Brigadier Generals Otis and Hale, the Colorado regiment being left to
guard the deposito and pumping station. Brigadier General Wheaton was directed to
take command of theleftof this line from La Loma to Caloocan, and the Kansans, Mon-
tanas, Pennsylvanias, and a battalion of the Third Artillery, and nearly all the Utah
Light Artillery were relieved therefrom by the Oregon Volunteers, the Third and Twenty-
second Infantry, a battalion of the Twenty- third infantry of the provost guard subse-
quently reporting, and two or three days thereafter the Minnesota Volunteers, which
had been relieved from the provost guard by the Twentieth Infantry. Brigadier General
Hall was assigned to the right of this line, having the Colorado and Wyoming trOops,
the Fourth and Seventeenth Infantry, and a platoon of the Utah Light Artillery. He
was directed to make a demonstration to the north when General MacArthur should
take up his advance, for which everything was in readiness March 24th. That night the
troops intended to take part in this particular movement were withdrawn from the
trenches and assembled behind La Loma and the Deposito, and very early the next
morning proceeded on their march. General Mac Arthur's instructions were to move in
two columns in echelon from the right, the right brigade (Hale's) preceding the left
(Otis's) by a considerable distance, so that the latter would cover the left and rear of the
former and neutralize any attack from the insurgents in that direction, who were very
strong from Caloocan to Balintauag on the Novaliches road. Wheaton, whose left
rested at La Loma, and who was expected to swing to the left on Caloocan at the proper
time, was directed not to move until specially directed, unless MacArthur's left column
should become seriously engaged and need assistance. The advancing columns were to
move on Novaliches — Hale's brigade to that point by San Francisco del Monte and
Bagbag, and Otis's keeping to the left and retired was expected to strike the Novaliches
road near and to the right of Balintauag. Crossing the Tuliahan River, fordable at Nova-
liches, they were to turn to the westward and thence proceeding by the road which
strikes the railway south of Polo were to place themselves on the left flank of the enemy
while General Wheaton made a frontal attack. This matured plan failed in part, owing
to the natural obstacles which were constantly met on the line of march. Hale's brigade
moving by San Francisco del Monte encountered serious difficulties there and beyond,
and was obliged to drive off detachments of the enemy, by which it was unavoidably
detained, and the left brigade gained the advance. It was attacked by the insurgents,
when Wheaton comnienced his swinging movement to the left and diverted their atten-
tion. The brigade struck the Tuliahan River some distance below Novaliches, crossed its
artillery and transportation only by a great deal of labor, because of the high banks and
the dense growth of brush, while the right brigade continued on to Novaliches and took
the designated western route. This march was exhausting in the extreme, and the entire
day was consumed when the right bank of the river was attained. Early the next morn-
ing both brigades marched toward the railway, but could not develop a line northward
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAK. 489
in the immediate vicinity of Polo, as intended, on account of the swamps, thick masses
of brush, and tropical undergrowth through which the artillery and transportation
could not be passed, not even the men.
While these brigades were executing this movement that of General Whea ton had
engaged the enemy with great spirit. Some time before evening it had driven him from
all of his intrenchments back and across the Tuliahan River, which it was about to cross
in pursuit when its advance was arrested to await developments on the enemy's left
flank by the troops expected from Novaliches. The next morning, as soon as the head
of that column had about gained the railway line, it was permitted to renew the attack,
and, quickly passing the river at two points and aided by the flanking troops, com-
pletely routed the enemy and drove him northward and beyond Polo, where he made a
determined stand the following day, from which he was driven by General MacArthur's
united troops with considerable loss. From that date to end of the month MacArthur
pressed northward the enemy, who stubbornly contested every village and locality
having defensive advantages and burned every town from which it was obliged to
retreat. Our troops entered Malolos, the insurgent capital, March 31st. That alleged
government had removed all its records and property, and its army set fire to the city
when it retreated on Calumpit and Quingua before our advance. The troops needed rest,
and it was necessary to repair the railway over which the advance had been made in
order to forward the necessary supplies. The line of communication, too, was long, con-
sidering the position of the enemy on our flank and the few troops which could be
spared to protect it, and it was believed that a water base could be established at Malolos
which would make available for the field an additional fifteen hundred men. Our cas-
ualties from the commencement of hostilities to April 1st were twelve oflScers and one
hundred and twenty-seven enlisted men killed and forty-eight officers and eight hun-
dred and thirty-three enlisted men wounded. The sick among these troops which had
advanced to the north increased fifteen per cent, due mostly to their exhaustive labors
and to heat prostrations.
Eff'orts to secure a water line of communication by Manila Bay and the Malolos
estuary were made immediately and continued for more than two weeks. The proper
mouth of the estuary was found with considerable difficulty. A bar had formed in front
of it, making the entrance very tortuous. Up this two of our gunboats worked their
way, but encountered well-driven piles and other obstructions which the insurgents
had placed there and around which mud and sand had collected, making the water too
shoal for navigation. Near the mouth of the stream a dredge was used and the gunboats
removed a good many of the pile obstructions, but satisfactory results could not be
obtained and the work was abandoned. A considerable detail of soldiers was made to
put in sufficient repair for immediate use the railway from Manila to Malolos, and
Chinese labor was hired. The track had been considerably damaged by the insurgents
and a number of bridges partially destroyed, but Major Devol, of the Quartermaster's
Department, overcame all difficulties, and, with the engines captured at Caloocan, gave
Malolos daily railway train service.
While these preliminaries to a tarther northern advance were being made General
Lawton, commanding the First Division of the corps, was directed to proceed to the city
of Santa Cruz, on the south shore of the Laguna de Bay, and secure a number of
launches and a Spanish gunboat, which were reported to be concealed in a narrow
stream passing along the eastern limit of that city. Returning, he was directed to seize
Calamba, an important strategic point on account of its being at the intersection of
important roads and telegraphic lines. For this purpose he was obliged to draw troops
from the lines about Manila and along the Pasig River. He collected and concentrated
parts of organizations, numbering all told one thousand five hundred and nine men,
consisting of three dismounted troops of the Fourth Cavalry, two mountain guns, eight
companies of the Fourteenth Infantry, four companies of the Idaho and four of the
North Dakota Volunteers, and an organization of two hundred sharpshooters, largely
drawn from the Washington regiment. With these troops, in several cascoes towed by
three of our gunboats, he proceeded across the lake on April 9th, captured on the foUow-
Hosted by
Google
490 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
ing day Santa Cruz, which he found intrenched and strongly defended, drove the enemy
several miles into the interior, and proceeded to secure the vessels for which he had been
sent. The water of the lake had become very low and the boats could not be passed over
the bar ^t the river's mouth. Reporting this fact and the further fact that he could not
makq a landing at Calamba on account of shoal water, a dredge was sent him from
Manila, and also instructions to return immediately to the city with his force as soon as
ho could secure possession of the vessels in the river, as his services were required here,
and that the taking of Calamba was not imperative at this time. He returned on April
17th, bringing six steam launches and two cascoes which the enemy had concealed near
Santa Cruz. The Spanish gunboat was not found, and was subsequently captured at
Calamba with machinery in good condition, but without her guns, which the insurgents
had taken for land service,
The insurgents at the north were becoming very bold again. They had worked
around in the swampy country to the westward and rear of Malolos, and down along
the roads, paths, and villages to the eastward, from which they were making occasional
nightly incursions on the railroad for the purpose of destroying it. We could not
remain quiet, as we did not have sufficient troops to maintain the long lines we were
holding if we permitted the enemy to concentrate and take the initiative. The total
strength of the Eighth Corps present in the Philippines at this time was nine hundred
and sixty-seven officers and twenty-five thousand and thirty-six enlisted men, of whom
five thousand were serving at Cavite and the Visayan Islands. Of these eight hundred
and thirty-six were of the Engineer, Signal, and Hospital Corps; two thousand seven
hundred and thirty-nine were sick and in confinement as prisoners, and some one thou-
sand five hundred were on special duty in the various staff departments or assisting in
civil administration. The available fighting for^e in Luzon, Cavite excepted, numbered,
about sixteen thousand five hnndred men.
Ueneral MacArthur could not advance beyond Malolos with the troops at his disposal
while the enemy so seriously threatened his flanks and line of communication. To
assist him, the formation of an independent column, to consist of nearly four thousand
men, to be taken from Manila lines and the railway guards, and to move to the north,
on the flank of the enemy, was determined upon. The formation and movement of this
column was intrusted to General Lawton, who entered upon tliis special service as
soon as he returned from Santa Cruz. He concentrated near Caloocari the Twenty-
second Infantry, which had been relieved from duty on the railroad a short time previ-
ous; eight companies of the Third Infantry; the First North Dakota Volunteers; four
troops of the Fourth Cavalry (one mounted); Hawthorne's battery of light guns, portion
of Light Battery D, Sixth Artillery ; and a detachment of the Signal Corps. He was fur-
nished with such transportation of the country as could be secured, and was instructed
to move these troops along the base of the mountains by Novaliches, San Jos6, and Nor-
zagaray, where the balance of his column, consisting of eight companies of the Minne-
sota and seven of the Oregon Volunteers, to be taken from the railway and to march
from Bocaue by way of Santa Maria, would join him. The last named troops were to
escort ten days' supplies for his command by quartermaster's transportation, which
had just been received from the United States and was then being put in readiness for
the road. These movements commenced, and the railroad south of Bigaa being thereby
rendered secure, it was intended that General MacArthur should move on Calumpit,
leaving sufficient force between Bigaa and Malolos to guard his line. General Lawton,
after concentration at Norzagaray, was directed to move on Baliuag, from which point,
the swamps being dry, he could act on an enemy opposing MacArthur's advance. Gen-
eral Lawton started from near Caloocan on April 22d ; encountered some opposition
from the enemy at Novaliches and en route from San Jos6, which did not impede his
march ; but soon after leaving Novaliches his road, a well-defined and prominent one on
all Spanish maps, became a trail, and subsequently a trail crossing or passing through
rice patches, swampy country, and unbridged streams, over which his advance was con-
ducted with the greatest difficnlty. His troops proved equal to the occasion, and after
he had lost many of his carrabaos, or water buffalo, from heat exhaustion, they cheer-
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 491
fully hauled the transportation, working one day the entire time for three miles progress.
He in person reached Norzagaray on April 25th and met there the Bocaue column, which
had arrived there that morning, and there awaited the Bocaue transportation and sup-
plies, which had been detained, and the rear of the Novaliches column.
General MacArthur took up his advance on the 24th. The Ragbag and Calumpit
rivers, over which the railroad bridges had been partially destroyed, were in his front,
and there were no means of crossing them. The country was low, swampy, and consid-
erable of it qpvered with brush, rendering it very difficult for military operations, and
the insurgents had constructed strong intrenchments along the rivers and thought
themselves secure. General Hale with his brigade was sent to the eastward, up the
Ragbag River, and crossed in the face of fierce opposition at the Quingua Ford, about
four miles from Malolos; thence swinging down the right bank of that river he took
the enemy's intrenchments in reverse, inflicting heavy losses. Wheaton, who now com-
manded a brigade of the division, as soon as Hale's descent had somewhat cleared his
front, succeeded in crossing his troops over the railway bridge, after slight repair, and
that portion of Calumpit south of the river of that name was lost to the enemy the fol-
lowing day. Lieutenant General Luna commanded in person the insurgent troops
north of the river and had collected a considerable force, estimated at four thousand
men, to oppose the crossing, while three thousand were held at Baliuag, to the east. To
his right as far as Hagonoy strong detachments were maintained, and also to his left
connecting with Baliuag. In the face of this opposition MacArthur's men eff'ected the
crossing on April 28th, under the accurate concentrated fire of the guns of the Utah
Light Artillery, commanded by Major Young. This fire drove back the enemy from the
river bank and the Kansas men, swimming the rapid river, were enabled to secure boat
transportation on the northern shore. Crossing with this and on the railroad bridge (of
which, though a span had been dropped, the outer rails remained) a foothold was secured
and the enemy was soon after driven northward up the railroad track for a distance of
two miles.
General Lawton, having concentrated his force at Norzagaray and Angat, drove the
enemy to the north and westward in a number of spirited engagements and was directed
to proceed to Baliuag. A short time thereafter I was informed that two thousand armed
insurgents were about to march north from San Mateo, a place eight miles northeast of
Manila, under the command of General Pilar; that it would pass on a mountain road
with the intention of gaining the fiank of Lawton, who was directed to keep his scouts
well out to the eastward from Norzagaray, which he did without discovering the
expected hostile column which, to the number of one thousand had passed farther to
the right and entered the country to the northeast of Baliuag. The latter place, with
large stores of rice and sugar, was captured in a spirited attack after slight opposition,
the enemy retreating northward, while General Lawton, maintaining great activity to
his right and front, felt along the east bank of the Rio Grande in the vicinity of San
Luis to ascertain if the enemy was present. He was detained at Baliuag to await the
delivery of rations for his command by way of Malolos and to enable General MacAr-
thur to secure an advanced point in a more open country and discover the whereabouts
of the retreating enemy. On May 5th he was instructed as follows:
General Lawton, Baliuag :
Can not determine definite movement until MacArthur gets in position and is pre-
pared for further action. His advance is at San Fernando. In the mean time hold pres-
ent positions, observing any movements of insurgents to the north and east of you.
MacArthur is confident insurgents retired up railroad instead of passing northeastward.
On the same day the following telegram was sent to General MacArthur:
You will arrest your advance at Ban Fernando. It is impossible to ascertain route
taken by insurgents, who were not expected to make a stand at San Fernando. It is
believed they will take the road to Arayat, in the direction of San Isidro. They have
strong intrenchments at first-named place. Report fully conditions and casualties as
soon as practicable. We congratulate your troops.
Gunboats will soon start to seek entrance of Rio Grande, but we can not obtain any
encouraging information. The river from Calumpit north is navigable ; the mouth very
difficult of access.
Hosted by
Google
492 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IK SPANISH WAR.
LawtoD holds Maasin, Baliiiag, and. Qningiia. Had quite a sharp engagement cap-
turing flrst-named place. Insurgents attacked Ovenshine's line last evening; quickly-
repulsed. They have appeared on the lake with cascoes and are very active.
On May 6th the following telegrams were sent, which show the situation as then
understood:
Major KOBBE, Third Artillery, Malolos :
You will take command of all the troops on the railway between Calumpit and
Marilao and so dispose them as to furnish the best protection to this line of communica-
tion. It is reported that a large force from the province of Morong iS nq|f moving to
attack General Lawtou's right by way of NOrzagaray and Angat. It is possible that a
portion of this force may appear at Santa Maria and attempt the destruction of the rail-
way in that vicinity. With General Lawtou's force at Baliuag, a detachment at Q,uin-
gua, and another at Bagbag Bridge, it would appear that only that portion of the line
between Guiguinto and Marilao could be in danger. Bocaue and Bigaa should be made
strong, having detachments well out toward Santa Maria. Acknowledge receipt.
MANiiiA, May 6.
GenersilljAWTON, Baliuag:
Please report localities at which rice and sugar found and destroyed by your scouts
were captured and what section of country your scouts are observing to-day.
Mac Arthur's success at Santo Tomas and San Fernando greater than at first reported.
Enemy's loss was very severe, they leaving some fifty or sixty dead on the field and
probably a couple of hundred rifles * * ,* Enemy evidently thinks you are supplied
by Angat. The insurgent force at San Mateo was ready to move last night. It is fairly
well armed, has fair amount ammunition and plenty of rice. Subsistence and ammu-
nition transported by extra men. Watch well by scouting parties country to the east of
you. The reported line of enemy's march is Norzagaray, Angat, San Rafael, and Bustos.
Also rumored that a force may strike at Santa Maria. General Hall will send out
detachments to watch road by Novaliches. Acknowledge receipt.
From all the inforrnation I was able to obtain, and from the fact that the inhabitants
of the Tarlac province and to the north of the same were not stronglj'- in sympathy with
the rebellion, I was convinced that Luna's immediate army, which had confronted
MacArthur's troops, would retire by Arayat, a strong natural position and strongly
intrenched, into the Tagalo province of Nueva Ecij a covering San Isidro, where abun-
dant supplies could be obtained. As soon as MacArthur, by scouting to his front, had
definitely ascertained and reported that this army had retreated on the line of railroad
the situation was understood. There was one objective army on the line of railroad and
another covering the country in front of Baliuag and to the east of the Rio Grande
General Lawton was detained at Baliuag scouting tp his north and east for several
successive days, taking, in the mean time Maasin, which he occupied with his
advance, and capturing at various places a considerable quantity of the enemy's food
supplies, which had been stored in improvised granaries. General MacArthur was
directed to take Bacolor and Guagua to his left and rear, and thus establish a water base
at Guagua, as the railroad was not in operation beyond Bagbag, south of Calumpit, and
could not be placed in condition for use as far as San Fernando in less time than ten
days, at least, and the bridges not for two or three weeks. Fortunately an engine and
a few cars had been captured near San Fernando and could do service north of Cal-
umpit after a slight repair of the railway track.
On May 7th Captain Grant, of the Utah Artillery, with two gunboats, was instructed
to proceed from Manila to Guagua with supplies for MacArthur's troops, with whom he
was directed to communicate at that point. He found the entrance of the Guagua River
without difficulty, proceeded upstream until Sexmoan was reached, when he was fired
upon by some five hundred of the enemy strongly intrenched on a projecting point of
the river bank. He passed the point without responding, swung into the bank imme-
diately after passing it, and opened a deadly fire, striking the insurgents in flank behind
their breastworks, and quickly scattered those who were able to retire. He met no fur-
ther opposition until Guagua was reached. Then he boldly ran along the city's wharves
and cleared the place of the few armed insurgents present, who set fire to several
buildings aiid retreated. Landing hismen, he pursued the enemy a short distance, then
assisted the citizens to extinguish the fires and retired to his boats. The San Fernando
troops not appearing, he returned to Manila on the following day. Before Captain Grant
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 493
was directed to proceed to Guagua General MacArthurhad signified his ability to com-
manicate with him thei'e, but subsequently, and after Grant was beyond recall, he
reported that his situation was such with regard to the enemy that he did not consider
the movement on Bacolor and Guagua prudent. At the first named place there was
quite a force of the enemy intrenched, and he did not think his force at that time was
sufficient to drive it off and hold the Guagua line while maintaining also his line of
communication by rail. As soon as Captain Grant reported at Manila he was directed to
find the mouth of the Rio Grande and pass up that stream to Calumpit, which place he
successfully reached without marked incident on May 10th. He was then directed to
proceed up the river and clear the banks of insurgents as far as Candaba, which he
accomplished, having a sharp engagement at San Luis. Tliese boats could navigate this
river as far up as Arayat, a point some twelve miles northeast of San Fernando, and
could keep that line open without much difficulty It was determined, therefore, to
move MacArthur's troop on Luna's flank, as a further immediate advance up the rail-
road was impracticable because of the impossibility of then taking supplies by that
route; and after we had secured the Rio Grande, on May 11th, I telegraphed MacArthur
as follows :
No intention to make San Fernando base for future operations. You say supply by
water at that point impracticable and reconstruction of railway necessary. Several
days yet required to reach Calumpit with railway, and probably several more necessary
to reach San Fernando. Calumpit will be the base and troops supplied, for a time at
least, by cascoes to be sent there at once. There are 6 feet of water in Rio Grande to Can-
daba, and it is practicable for light-draft boats to reach San Isidro. Your first objective
is Candaba, where gunboats can meet you ; thence probably by river road north. One
half light battery and your convalescents, of which 100 South Dakota men should go up
to-day, will be sent you, and probably 2 battalions Seventeenth Infantry. This will carry
your enlisted force to about 4,000 and should be ample to drive any force enemy can
place in your front. General Lawton has a more difficult problem. The enemy has a
large force at San Ildefonso and San Miguel, and it is now reported that Generals Pilar
and Geronimo have reached latter point. Should Lawton be pressed hard it maybe
necessary for you to give assistance by way of Candaba, otherwise he will join you on
river near San Isidro. It is believed that gunboats, cascoes, and launches can supply
you on river, and it will not be necessary for your train to carry very much supply. One
battalion Seventeenth Infantry will probably be sent you to-morrow afternoon. You
will necessarily need sufficient supplies on starting to take you to Candaba. There is
great necessity for celerity of movement, and it is desired that it be inaugurated as
soon as practicable.
To this dispatch the General replied that he would act on the instructions contained
therein at once, but considered the directed movement a very delicate one and that con-
ditions should be carefully weighed before it was attempted ; that his position at San
Fernando was satisfactory, and that he thought the troops should remain to recuperate
until the railway could be repaired to that point; that he had about three thousand
eight hundred men, two thousand six hundred of whom were continually on the fight-
ing line, and that he desired to exchange regiments which were with him for some in
rear, which were comparatively fresh ; that Luna was in his immediate front with two
thousand five hundred men and had one thousand at Mexico, on the Candaba road, and
that there were possibly ten thousand between him and the Baliuag country. MacAr-
thur's troops were at this time pretty well worn out, and a great many of them were on
sick report. They had been fighting almost continually for three months in a tropical
climate and over a swampy country through which wagon transportation could not be
moved. There were no fresh troops to send to San Fernando. The withdrawal of the
Spanish forces in Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago, where troops must be placed, the
necessity of sending others to Cebu, and to increase those in Negros~all of which was
imperatively demanded at this time — rendered conditions somewhat critical. I had
also been directed to return the volunteer organizations to the United States without
delay, and in response I cabled, on May 11th, to Washington as follows :
Volunteer organizations first to return now at Negros and 45 miles from Manila at
front. Expected that transports now arriving will take returning volunteers. Volun-
teers understand they will begin to leave for United States latter part of month. Know
importance of their presence here at this time, and accept sacrifices which United States
interests make imperative. Hancock now entering harbor. Transports returning this
week carry sick and wounded men. Pennsylvania awl iSL Paul not needed longer in
southern waters where they have been retained, hence dispatched. Transports Nelson
and Cleveland brought freight; return without cargo.
Hosted by
Google
494 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
This I did after consulting with some of the most prominent volunteer officers, point-
ing out to them the delicate situation we were in, and they responded that the volun-
teers would willingly remain until it was cleared up or until more of the regular regi-
ments then en route could arrive. We must now either advance at the north or retreat
to Calumpit, holding the railroad in our rear and await reenforcements with which to
replace all volunteers, having in the mean time a large insurgent force in our immediate
front and continually increasing one south of Manila, which had become annoying and
which now numbered five thousand men. It was therefore determined to direct Mac-
Arthur to hold on to San F'ernando with what force he had, operating against and hold-
ing Luna as best he could ; to send a detached column up the Rio (xrande, and to permit
Lawton to advance. The Ninth and Seventeenth Infantry had reported by April 23d,
and the Twenty-first arrived on May 11th. This gave us opportunity to forward more of
the Manila troops. Major Kobbe, Third Artillery, then at Malolos, was directed to
Calulnpit, to which point one battalion of the Ninth Infantry, three of the Seventeenth,
and Light Battery E, First Artillery, were sent. He was ordered to proceed up the river
with this force to Candaba, attended by the gunboats which were to haul cascoes loaded
with twenty thousand extra rations. This command left Calumpit May 16ih and
reached Candaba the following day, having encountered little opposition.
On May 13th General Lawton reported from Baliuag that a commission sent by Gen-
eral Aguinaldo had presented itself and desired to be sent to Manila to confer with the
United States Peace Commission. He was instructed as follows :
Headquarters Department Pacific and Eighth Army Corps,
Manila, P. I., May 13, 1899.
Maj. Gen. H. W. Lawton, U. S. V.,
Commanding United States Forces, Baliuag, Luzon.
General: The commanding general of the United States forces in the Philippines
directs me to inform you that you will reply to the communication addressed to you by
Gen. Gregorio del Pilar; of the Philippine forces at your front, which communication
was delivered to me by Captain Sewell, of your staff, and is herewith returned, that
should General Aguinaldo desire to send reprevsentative men to confer with the United
States commission now in session in this city, you are at liberty and will pass such body
through your lines, promising them safe conduct to and from Manila and ample pro-
tection during their stay here. Railway transportation between Malolos and Manila is
freely accorded.
Very respectfully, Thomas H. Barry,
Assistant Adjutant General.
This commission was received by me upon arrival and made known its mission,
which was to take preliminary action toward the negotiation of terms of peace. It was
quickly informed that cessation of hostilities depended entirely upon surrender of arms
and the disbandment of their military organizations. Expressing then the desire to
confer with the peace commission, it was aflTorded the opportunity. For lack of time I
was not present at any of these conferences, which extended through two days. The
commission was then sent north through our lines, having accomplished nothing in so
far as my knowledge extended.
On May 14th General Lawton was given permission to advance on San Miguel as his
objective. Leaving a battalion of troops at Baliuag he marched rapidly on Ildefonso,
where he routed a strong force of the enemy by a dexterous flank movement to his
right, and proceeding on San Miguel, where the enemy was strongly intrenched, accom-
plished the same result by similar tactics. On the evening of May 15th he was instructed
as follows :
General Lawton, 8an Miguel :
Your next objective is San Isldro, unless your progress so much impeded by enemy
that your subsistence likely to give out, in which event you should seek road to Rib
Grande and try to communicate with Kobb^^'s column and gunboats, where you will
find rations. Kobbe's column will be pushed up as rapidly as possible, but can not tell
how far gunboats can asCend river. Believe they can ascend to Arayat, where enemy
have heavy intrenchments. Watch well your right. It is reported that a large number
of insurgents are at Biacnabato. Report not verified. No change in Mac Arthur's front,
Still confronted by about 5,000 men.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 495
Marching out of San Miguel the next morning, where he left a containing force, he
struck the insurgents, whom he drove to the right and left, and bew^ildering them by
his rapidity of movement, which rendered them unable to concentrate, he seized San
Isidro, the third insurgent capital, on May 17th, General Aguinaldo and cabinet, with
troops, having retired to Cabanatuan, fourteen miles to the north, on road leading into
the mountains of northern Luzon. Late in the evening of that day General MacArthur
reported as follows :
My information is not absolutely certain, but everything indicates that insurgents
from my front and right retired along the railroad. A reconnoitering party reached the
67-kilometer post, and at that point discovered stragglers apparently in rear of a column
moving in their front. We went out the road through Mexico to Santa Ana and found
both points vacated, and were informed by natives that insurgent soldiers had gone to
Angeles. Up to late hour this afternoon the line between here and Bacolor was still
occupied by insurgents. To-morrow I hope to get definite information.
The following day it was ascertained that Luna had retreated on Tarlac with about
three thousand men, leaving a considerable force under General Mascardo on General
MacArthur's left, with headquarters at Santa Rita or in that vicinity. It was believed
that a considerable insurgent force would be found at the strong defensive position of
Arayat, and to that point both General Lawton and Major Kobb(i were sent. General
Lawton being instructed at midnight May 17th as follows :
General Lawton, San Isidro :
Your next objective Arayat, down Rio Grande, after troops have rested and peace
restored at San Isidro. Arayat reported to be strongly intrenched. Kobb6 and gun-
boats started up river this morning at 6. This early announcement, fearing telegraphic
communication may be lost.
On the following morning the following information was sent him :
General Lawton, San Isidro :
General MacArthur reports that from information almost positive he believes that
1,000 of Luna's men have retired to Floridablanca and Porac, which are to his left; that
Luna with 3,000 armed men is at Tarlac. He states that all his information is to the effect
that Luna has not sent assistance to the east and is not likely to do so, as there is no
cooperation between him and the force on the San Isidro line. He states that Major Bell
is on reconnoissance and now at or near Angeles; that he will not probably here from
him until late this evening. MacArthur's information was obtained from inhabitants
of the country and an Englishman, Mr. Sims, who left Tarlac last evening and has just
entered bis lines.
Should this information prove true, all of the force sent by you to San Miguel this
morning should continue its journey to Baliuag. Troops at San Miguel can not be sup-
plied during the season of heavy rains.
Lawton, descending the Rio Grande, and Kobb6, ascending the stream, struck the place
on the same hour of the day ; found only a small force, there, which quickly retreated.
It was now determined to operate on General Luna's left flank, Lawton, reenforced by
Kobb6, to take the road to Tarlac, when it was ascertained that General Luna had
removed his headquarters to Bayambang, only a few miles north of Dagupan, and that
his troops were retiring north of Tarlac. The railway facilities which the insurgents
possessed rendered a rapid retreat on their part very easy.
The rainy season had now come and the volunteer organizations must be hastened
homeward, and should a column be sent to Tarlac the enemy would retire, leaving us a
destroyed or badly damaged railroad without the means to operate it, and we were seri-
ously crippled for lack of wagon transportation. Our troops once at Tarlac could not
be supplied, and all were needed at other points until we could consummate the diflScult
feat of exchanging the volunteers for organizations of the regular establishment. We
must keep what we had gained, and could do that by establishing a line to the front,
extending from San Fernando on the left to Baliuag on the right, from which it would
be easy to resume operations. General Lawton was recalled, a sufficient force placed at
Candaba, San Luis, Calumpit, and Baliuag to hold the country in rear, and steps were
taken to return and ship the volunteers as rapidly as circumstances would permit. But
the condition of General MacArthur's troops was not improving. The volunteers had
again become very restless and desired to depart. On June 2d the surgeon of one of
these regiments reported that of eight hundred and seventy- three officers and enlisted
Hosted by
Google
496 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
men thirty per cent were in the Manila hospitals sick and wounded, thirty per cent
were sick at San Fernando, "and of the remainder there are not eight men in each com-
pany who have the strength to endure one day's march." In respect to this report the
chief surgeon of Mac Arthur's division remarked that he had made a careful examina-
tion of the men and that of the whole number in the regiment then present only ninety-
six were fit for duty. The division commander remarked on May 22d and June oth,
with regard to these and similar reports, as follows:
The duty required of the men of this brigade, in common with the other commands
of the division, has been severe and continuous since the 4th of February of the current
year. The sun, field rations, physical exertion, and the abnormal excitement arising
from a,lmost constant exposure to fire action have operated to bring about a general
enervation from which the men do not seem to readily recover, although the present
Condi tipns are very favorable. The four regiments now prefsent have an enlisted strength
of 3,701. Of these 1,008 are sick and wounded, leaving an eflfective of 2,698, which, after
deducting necessary details for special duty, yields only 2,307 for the firing line, many of
whom could not march 5 miles under the conditions which obtained from Malolos to
this place.
The physical condition of the men in the organization which originally commenced
the campaign in this division and are still at the front has during the past month been
a matter of great concerU. The (Jifficulties are progressive and without any apparent
fluctuation are growing worse from day to day.
For four months these men have been continually under arms nightand day, exposed
in a relaxing climate to a scorching sun, almost as destructive and much harder to bear
than the enemy's fire, until apparently the severe, unremitting, and almost unexampled
strain has told upon whole organizations to such an extent that they are now com-
pletely worn out and broken in health.
Later the chief surgeon of the department stated, when commenting on the condi-
tions presented :
I can add nothing to the careful and valuable report made by the chief surgeon of
the division. The data must be accurate and the conclusion unimpeachable. These
men and the men of the companion regiments have been overworked, are broken down,
and will not be fit for duty as a regiment within any reasonable period. It is difficult to
explain, except at a length that would be unacceptable, how these physiological factors
operate, but the fact remains, and here is a striking illustration of it, that commands
do become worn out precisely as the fifth indorsement states.
The weakened hearts and quickened pulses indicate a condition akin to that of
typhoid fever convalescence, and restoration to physical eflaciency will not take place
in this climate within any reasonable period, and meanwhile such men display no vital
resistance to acute disease.
This feature of the "soldier's irritable heart" was a condition well recognized during
the severe strain of the civil war, but with these men there is the additional disability of
general physical prostration.
These reports I forwarded to Washington on June 23d, with the following indorse-
ment:
Respectfully forwarded to the Adjutant General of the Army. I have inquired care-
fully into the condition of health of these organizations, which is now improving. The
cause of sickness may be attributed, I believe, to the great strain attendant upon con-
stant fighting, with lack of needed rest, neglect of person during this period, because of
which a peculiar diseasse, designated itch, was developed, and indiscriminate consump-
tion of fruit, which was abundant in the country over which troops passed and are sta-
tioned, and the use of water not potable. The South Dakota regiment was brought to
Manila two weeks ago and is rapidly improving. The Kansas regiment is en route and
the Montana regiment will soon follow. I think, like the Oregon regiment, when orders
to take passage to the United States are issued, that both the Montana and South
Dakota troops will recover with astonishing rapidity. There are few cases of serious
illness. San Fernando, the present station of these troops, is considered somewhat as a
health resort by the Filipinos, and there seems to be no good reason why men should
not improve as rapidly there as in Manila, except that there is in the vicinity of San
Fernando a very active enemy, which must be constantly watched, necessitating a
larger percentage of men on outpost duty than at some other points.
The headquarters and ten companies of the Third Infantry, with a platoon of artil-
lery and a mounted troop of the Fourth Cavalry, took sta,tion at Baliuag, and head-
quarters and two battalions of the Twenty-second Infantry were placed atCandaba and
San Luis, to be assisted, in case of attack, by one of the gunboats which was left in the
Rio Grande, and which was to be used also in foi^warding supplies from Calumpit. The
rains coming on and heavy storms having been predicted for that section of country
the troops at San Miguel, whose rations were about exhausted, were ordered to fall back
at once on Baliuag. They were attacked while eni-outeiit Ildefonso and Maasin, and
were obliged to halt twice and drive ofl:^ the enemy, which they did effectively, but the
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 497
enemy published and celebrated for a long time their signal victories at Ildefonso, San
Miguel, and San Isidro.
During these Luzon military operations affairs in the central islands became more
or less critical, demanded careful consideration, and occasionally an accession of troops*
As early as February 3d General Miller had reported from Iloilo that the inhabitants of
Negroes and Cebu realized that they could not successfully establish an independent
government and wished the United States to exercise control. After the capture of
Iloilo the navy visited the city of Cebu and took quiet possession of the place — the com -
manding officer of the force assuming direction of the business of the captain of the
port and collector of customs and entering into an arrangement with the more promi-
nent citizens to permit them to conduct their own internal affairs. This was reported
to me with the request that troops be sent to that port to assist the small navy force
there in case of necessity. On receipt of this information, and on February 26th, the
following order was issued and executed :
A battalion of the Twenty-third U. S. Infantry, Maj. G. A. Goodale commanding,
will proceed at once by transport Pennsylvania to the port of Cebu, Island of Cebu, for
the purpose of furnishing immediate protection to the inhabitants and property of that
locality. The battalion will be supplied with rations for thirty days and oOO rounds of
ammunition per man.
This did not relieve the officers of the Navy of the administration of civil affairs, the
management of which it was desirable to turn over to the Army, and they continued
in control awaiting our action to take formal possession. Upon General Miller's report
that he had held a conference with some of the principal citizens of the island of Negroes
and that they had raised the United States flag, wished a few troops to protect them
from the Tagalos, whom they had declined to receive in the island, and desired to be
sent to Manila to present conditions and solicit aid, instructions were given for a com-
pliance with their request, whereupon a committee of four gentlemen arrived here on
the 21st of February. Several conferences followed. They had, they said, established a
crude tenii)orary government, appointing a governor who was one of their number; that
if permitted to arm a small battalion of natives to be placed under the direction of the
United States officers and to receive the assistance of a few United States troops, they
were confident that the quiet of the island could be maintained and the Tagalo element
successfully restrained. A great deal of conversation, consuming portions of several
successive days, followed. They were eager to be informed of the purposes of the United
States, and were informed that a military government with general supervision of their
affairs must be erected and maintained until Congressional legislation prescribed the
nature and measure of control which would be imposed; that no assurance could be
given them except that the civil government to be finally established would be repub-
lican in character and would give them as much local representation as the intelligence
and animus of the people permitted and as was in harmony with their own and the
interests of the United States.
The troops asked for were provided, and the committee was advised to return, call
their representative people together, and, acting with and under the advice of the mili-
tary governor whom 1 would send, to formulate and submit a plan of government for
the administration of strictly internal affairs, which upon receipt I would forward for
the consideration of the United States supreme authorities. I selected for the governor •
Colonel Smith, of the First California Volunteers, now brigadier general of volunteers,
an excellent soldier and a lawyer of experience. He had several conferences with them
and won their confidence and esteem, when they expressed a strong desire to haye him
and a few troops accompany them to Negros, which was favorably acted upon.
To meet the situation which was rapidly developing in Panay, Negros, and Cebu ,
the following orders were issued :
Generai. Orbeks, I Headquarters Department Pacific
No. 8. J AND Eighth Army Corps,
Manila, P. J., March 1, 1899.
1. A military district, comprising the islands of Panay, Negros, and Cebu, and such
other Visayan Islands as may be hereafter designated, to be known as the Visayan mil-
32
Hosted by
Google
498 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
itary district, is hereby established and placed imdej- the supervision of Brig. Gen. Mar-
cus P. Miller, U. S. A., commanding First Separate Brigade, Eighth Army Corps, with
headquarters at Iloilo. The troops already sent to Cebu and those about to embark for
Negros will furnish all possible protection to those islands, maintaining peace and order
while administering the civil affairs throughout the islands on lines prescribed by the
military government.
2. Col. James F. Smith, First Regiment California Volunteer Infantry, is hereby
detached from his regiment, and will proceed by U. S. transport iSt. Paul with the troops
mentioned in paragraph 5 of this order to Bacolod, Neerros, via Iloilo, reporting upon
his arrivril at the last-named point to Brig. Gen. M. P. Miller, U. S. A., commanding the
Visayan military district, the specllic instructions which he has received frohi these
headquarters and there to receive such additional instructions as General Miller may
wish to give in furtherance of their exc^cution.
8. Colonel Smith is assigned to the command of the subdistrict of the island of
Negros, and will establish his headquarters at the capital of the islands, furnishing pro-
tection to the inhabitants thereof, whom he will assist to develop civil administration
over the affairs of that island in accordance with the specific instructions already
received from these headquarters.
4. Col. James F. Smith, First California Voluiiteer Infantry, commanding subdis-
trict of the island of Negros, will upon his arrival there, as directed in paragraph 2 of
this order, proceed to organize from the natives of the island a civil police of 200 men,
placing the organization under military discipline and retaining entire supervision of
it. The men will be employed by the (Quartermaster's Department and will be reported
monthly on the quartermaster's form of persons and articles hired, on which will be
stated their nativity and age, in addition to periods of service. Their compensation will
be fixed by the scale of wages prevailing on the island, and the funds to i)ay for the
services will be furnished from these headquarters. Each employe will receive a fixed
ration, in addition to his money compensation, which will correspond to the native
ration issued in this city. The Ordnance Department will turn over the necessary ord-
nance to arm and equip these men.
5. The Third Battalion of the First California Volunteer Infantry will embark at
once on the U. S. transport *S'^. Paul, prepared to proceed to Bacolod, island of Negros.
It will be provided with rations for thirty days and 150,000 rounds of rifle ammunition.
The commanding officer of this battalion (Maj. H. T. tSime, First California Volunteer
Infantry,) will report to Col. James F. Smith, of that regiment, for more specific instruc-
tions.
Hi: ^ ;}: * * ^
By command of Major General Otis. Thomas H. Barry,
Assistant Adjutant General,
General Smith, with the troops and commissioners, left Manila on March 2d, and on
arrival al Bacolod, the capital of Negros, he took station and successfully organized a
battalion of two hundred natives, which has been loyal and has performed good service
for the United States to the present date. But pertain of the inhabitants of Tagalo
nativity and others who were disaffected, aided by their friends in Panay, both with
advice and war material, and assisted by the robber bands of the mountains, created
disturbances in the western, central, and southern portions of the island which culmi-
nated in active hostilities. Smith, with his troops, went in pursuit of their concentrated
forces wherever they chanced to be and successfully routed them, but it was impossible
to cover the country and prevent reconcentration. He thereupon called for another bat-
talion of his regiment, which was sent him on March 23d. With this increased command
he visited all occupied points of the island, and especially held in check the people of
Dumaguete and Bais, on the southeast coast, where the insurgent element for a time
appeared to be in the ascendancy.
This force not proving sufficient to place troops at all necessary points, a call was
made for the third battalion of the regiment, which was forwarded on May 21st. In the
mean time the population of occidental and oriental NegrOvS chose delegates to represent
their several political districts in a convention at Bacolod, where, after some two
months labor under the direction and protection of General Smith, a constitution was
prepared for submission to the President of the United States. This document, having
been received here, was forwarded to Washington about July 20th with appropriate
remark, and served as a basis for the following order:
General Orders, ) Office United States Miditary Governor
No. 30. I IN THE Phidippine Islands,
Manila, P. I,, July n, 1899.
The people of Negros, through duly accredited representatives, having freely acknowl-
edged the sovereignty of the United States over that island, and having developed and
forwarded to His Excellency the President of the United States, for the consideration
and deliberation of Congress, a proposed constitution or body of fundamental laws, upon
which they seek to have established for themselves a repphUcan form of government, it
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 499
is deemed essential, pending final action by the President and the Congress of the United
States thereon, and while military supervision of the aflairs of the island must be main-
tained, that a provisional government to administer its civil matters be instituted, and
under which the people may enjoy the largest measure of civil liberty compatible with
prevailing conditions and which shall conform to their desires as expressedln their pro-
posed constitution.
It is therefore ordered that a government for that island be established as speedily as
practicable in plan and scope as indicated in the following enumerated provisions — the
same to remain in force until modified by constituted authority:
I. The government of the island of Negros shall consist of a military governor,
appointed by the United States military governor of the Philippines, who shall com-
mand the United States troops stationed therein, a civil governor and advisory council
elected by the people. The military governor shall appoint secretaries of the treasury,
interior, agriculture, public instruction, an attorney-general, and an auditor, who shall
act under his immediate instructions. The seat of government shall be established at
Bacolod.
II. The military governor shall exercise the supreme executive power. He shall see
that the laws are executed ; shall appoint to office and till all vacancies in oflice not
herein otherwise provided for, and may, with the approval of the military governor of
the Philippines, remove any officer from office. He shall perform such other functions
as the duties of his position may require.
III. The civil governor: There shall be elected by the people a civil governor, who
shall advise the military governor on all public civil questions, and who shall preside over
the advisory council. He shall countersign all grants and commissions of a civil nature
which are executed by the military governor; attend every session of the advisory coun-
cil, and in case of a tie vote in said body he shall cast the deciding vote ; shall receive all
bills and resolutions of the advisory council ; shall attest the official acts of the military
governor in so far as strictly civil matters are concerned ; shall aflix the great seal with
his own attestation to all civil commissions, pardons, and public instruments to which
the official signature of the military governor is required, and perform such other duties
as may be duly conferred upon him.
IV. The advisory council: An advisory council, to consist of 8 members, shall be
elected by the people, and shall be selected within the following territorial limits : One
from the island of Negros at large ; three from Oriental Negros, and four from Occidental
Negros. The times and places of electing these members, after the first election, shall be
fixed by the advisory council on the approval of the military governor.
Occidental Negros shall have four members of the advisory council, representing four
districts, constituted and designated as follows:
The cities and pueblos of San Carlos, Calatrava, Escalante, Sagay, Cadi/, Manapla,
Victorias, and Sara via shall compose the first district.
The cities and pueblos of Estaquio Lopez, Guimbalaon, Silay, Talisay, Lacson, Gran-
ada, Murcia, Bacolod, Sumag, Cansilayan, and Abuanan shall compose the second
district.
The cities and pueblos of Bago, Maao, Pulupatidan, Valladolid, San Enrique, La Car-
lota, Pontevedra, La Castellana, and Magallon shall compose the third district.
The cites and pueblos of Ginigaran, Binalbagan, Soledad, Isabela, Himamailan,
Suay, Cabancalan, Hog, Dancalan, Guilhungan, Cauayan, and Isio shall compose the
fourth district.
Oriental Negros shall have three members of the advisory council, representing three
districts constituted and designated as follows :
The cities and pueblos of Humaguete, Valencia, Bacon, Dauin, Zamboanguita, Siaton,
Tolon, and Bayauan shall compose the first district.
The cities and pueblos of Sibulan, Ayucitan, Amblang, Tanhay, Bais, Manjuyod,
Ayungon, Tayasan, Jimalalud, and Guijulugan shall compose the second district.
The cities and pueblos of Siquijor, Canoan, Maria, Lacy, and San Juan shall com-
pose the third district.
V. Elections : The times and places of holding elections for the civil governor and for
members of the advisory council shall be fixed by the military governor of the island.
VI. Qualifications of voters : In order to be qualified to vote at any election a person
shall (1) be a male citizen of the island of Negros ; (2) he shall have attained the age of
21 years; (3) he shall be able to speak, read, and write understandingly the English,
Spanish, or Visayan language, or he must be the owner of real property worth $500 or
pay a rental on real property of the value of |1,000 ; (4) he must have resided in the island
not less than one year preceding and in the district in which he offers to register as a
voter not less than three months immediately preceding the time when he offers to reg-
ister ; (5) he shall, prior to each regular election, during the times prescribed by law for
registration, have caused his name to be entered on the register of voters for his district ;
and (6) prior to such registration he shall have paid all taxes due by him to the govern-
ment: Provided, That no insane person, or deaf-mute who can not read or write, shall
be allowed to register or vote. The military governor shall make suitable provisions for
the registration of voters, for the preparation of ballots, and for the method of casting
votes at the first election,
VII. The military governor of the island shall have the right to veto all bills or reso-
lutions adopted by the advisory council, and his veto shall be final if not disapproved
by the military governor of the Philippines.
VIII. The advisory council shall discharge all the ordinary duties of a legislature.
IX. The secretary of the treasury : It shall be the duty of the secretary of the treas-
ury to receive and safely keep all the public funds not confided by law to the custody of
other officers, to expend money only upon warrants drawn by the auditor attached to
the vouchers upon which the warrants are drawn, to keep a careful account of all
moneys received and expended by law, and once a month to report to the auditor an
itemized statement of the warrants paid and the money balances on hand in the treas-
ury. He shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by law.
X. The secretary of the interior: It shall be the duty of the secretary of the interior
Hosted by
Google
500 ^ OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
to supervise public lands, forests, mines, surveys, public works, provide for the taking
of the census, and to take appropriate measures for safeguarding the public health. He
shall perform such other duties as may be duly committed to his charge.
XI. The secretary of agriculture : It shall be the dutj^ of the secretary of agriculture
to study the agricultural resources of the islands with a view to increasing the wealth
derived therefrom. He shall give special attention to the means of combating diseases
or pests which attack animals or crops, to the study and recommendation of improved
methods of cultivation, to the introduction of new products suited to the climate and
soil, and shall perform such other duties as may be legally prescribed.
xil. The secretary of public instruction shall have charge of the establishment and
maintenance of free public schools for primary instruction throughout the island, and
of such other schools of higher instruction as may be required or suited to the needs or
advancement of the people. He shall have general, supervision of all matters relating
to public instruction.
XIII. The attorney-general: It shall be the duty of the attorney-general to prose-
cute and defend all causes to which the Island of Negros or any one of its officers is a
party, and to give legal advice to any officer of the civil departments whenever the
same shall be required of him in his olficial capacity. He shall perform such other
duties as may be prescribed by law.
XIV. The auditor : It shall be the duty of the auditor to report to the military gov-
ernor, whenever so required, an itemized statement of the expenses of the government
for past periods, and an itemized statement of all expenses of the governraeut for the
ensuing fiscal year, accompanied by a report of the amount of money on hand in the
treasury to meet such expenses, and the amount of revenue necessary to be raised for
government purposes by taxation or otherwise. He shall also report such scheme as to
him may seem proper to secure economy in the public service. He shall draw warrants
on the secretary of the treasury for all sums of money required and estimated for by
officers of th^ government, after having satisfied himself of the legality and correctness
Of the proposed expenditures whicb the money asked for is to meet. He shall perform
such other duties as shall be legally imposed.
XV. Municipal governments: Municipal governments shall be organized as soon
as possible under the supervision of the military and civil governors and the advisory
council. They shall have the usual powers and perform the usual duties of such bodies,
subject to the direction of the military governor.
XVI. Officers of cities, towns, and municipalities in office at the time of the promul-
gation of this order shall continue to act in their official capacity until successors are
elected, selected, or appointed and qualified.
XVII. The judiciary : The judicial power shall be vested in three judges, who shall
be appointed by the military governor of the island. They shall severally hold court at
such times and places as may be determined by the advisory council and the military
and civil governors, and shall sit in banc, at a t^me and place to be fix:ed by that author-
ity, in order to hear appeals. Their modes of procedure, terms of office, and compensa-
tion shall be fixed by the advisory council, on the approval of the military governor.
Appeal shall lie from the court in banc to the supreme court at Manila, in all civil cases
where the amount involved exceeds $500 (Mexican), and in all criminal cases amounting
to felony.
XVIII. Inferior courts shall be provided for and established under the advice and
recommendation of the civil governor and advisory council.
XIX. The jurisdiction of the court shall not extend to nor include crimes and
ofifenses committed by either citizens or persons sojourning within the Island of Negros
which are prejudicial to military administration and discipline, except by authority
specially conferred by the military governor. Jurisdiction to try and award punish-
ment in these classes of cases remains vested in provost courts, courts-martial, or mil-
itary commissions.
XX. All cases and actions pending at the time of the promulgation of this order are
hereby transferred for trial and determination to the courts of appropriate jurisdiction
provided for in the preceding paragraphs.
XXI. The style of all process shall be " The Judicial Department of Negros," and all
prosecutions shall be carried on in the name of and by the authority of said j udicial
department.
XXII. Education : Free public schools shall be established throughout the populous
districts of the island, in which the English language shall be taught, and this subject
will receive the careful consideration of the advisory council.
XXITI. Revenue and taxation : The advisory council, presided over by the pivil
governor, is autborized to devise and adopt a system of taxation uniform in operation
in order to raise revenue for the support of government and for all other necessary pur-
poses. The burden of government must be equally and equitably distributed among
the people.
XXIV. The military authorities will collect and receive the customs revenue, if any,
will control postal mattery and Philippine inter-island trade and commerce.
XXV. The military governor shall, subject to the approval of the military governor
of the Philippines, determine all questions not herein specifically mentioned and which
do not come under the jurisdiction of the advisory council.
XXVI. The compensation of civil officers shall be as follows :
Mexican currency.
Civil governor.— .. per annum— -$6,000 00
Secretary of the treasury -do-— — __ 3,000 00
Secretary of the interior — :____ do 8,000 00
Secretary of agriculture — dO— 3,000 00
Secretary of public instruction do 3,000 00
Attorney-general — — do 3,000 00
Auditor .__— . do 3,000 00
Members of advisory council, for each day while in session per day — 8 00
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 501
And fifty cents for each kilometer of distances traveled between place of residence and
and place of meeting and return. The period of the regular session of the advisory
council shall not exceed one hundred and twenty days during the year, but in case of
necessity the civil governor, with the approval of the military governor, shall call extra
sessions for such periods of time as shall be deemed proper and shall be designated in
the call. Per diem and mileage at the rate fixed above shall be allowed members of the
advisory council for any extra session they may attend.
XXVII. The military governor of the island is empowered to take all necessary
action to put in execution the foregoing directory provisions. Instructions prescribing
methods and date of election of officers who are to be selected by ballot will be issued,
and the election will be held at as early a day as practicable.
By command of Major General Otis :
Thomas H. Barry,
Assistant Adjutant General.
In the new field of politics, upon which these people entered with alacrity, there were
many disagreements — the result of personal ambitions probably, as well as of antago-
nistic honest opinion, and complaints were heard and opposition was frequently offered
to the civil officers of districts to whom they had intrusted the preservation of law and
order. Those exercising the civil power, acquainted with Spanish methods, sought to
organize a military police force which was made responsible only to its founder and
which executed his orders in a very arbitrary and oftentimes cruel manner. It was
unreliable, and a portion of it served the Tagalo and robber element, to which many
deserted. Through all the turmoils and difficulties experienced by the advocates for
United States Government General Snaith retained the confidence of all factions and
assisted to heal their differences. They desired an election of such class of officers as
might be permitted to direct local affairs under United States military supervision, and
an opportunity to manifest their fitness for an abridged form of government has been
given them. What the result will be can not as yet be forecast with any certainty, but
it is to be hoped that they will meet the expectations of those desiring their ultimate
welfare, both for the benefits they will receive thereby and also for the sake of example
to the inhabitants of the other Philippine islands, who are now distrustful of United
States intentions and its expressed good will toward them. By this latter and very
large class of Filipinos affairs in Negros are closely watched, and a successfully con-
ducted government there — one which will protect individual rights and give a fair
measure of individual liberty — will be a most important factor in the pacification labors
of these islands.
The United States troops in Negros have performed severe service. The Oalifornians
have been replaced by the Sixth Infantry, which, like its predecessors, has responded
promptly to every demand and shown itself well able to master the military situation.
General Smith still exercises supervision, and to his unremitting efforts, tact, and
ability is due the fact that serious obstacles have been surmounted. Robber bands
have always existed in the mountains of Negros, and their recent accessions from with-
out encouraged them to assume a defiant front, but the heavy chastisements which
they have received at the hands of our troops has well-nigh destroyed them.
Arrangements were made early to take over the civil administration of affairs of the
city of Cebu. Lieutenant Colonel Hamer, of the Idaho Volunteers, a lawyer by profes-
sion, who had filled the position of judge of one of the Manila provost courts with great
credit, was selected for that duty, and on March 14th the following order was issued :
General Orders, ) Headquarters Department Pacific
No. 13. J AND Eighth Army Corps,
Manila, JP. I., March lU, 1899.
The island of Cebu will constitute a subdistrict of the Visayan military district, with
headquarters at the city of Cebu. Lieut. Col. Thomas R. Hamer, First Idaho Volunteer
Infantry, is assigned to tlie command of the same and will proceed to that city by way
of Iloilo, where he will report to the commanding general of the district for any direc-
tions the latter may desire to convey to enable him to execute the specific instructions
which he will receive from these headquarters to guide him in the performance of his
duties. Colonel Hamer will report to the commanding general of the department for
conference and instructions and will take passage on transport Indiana, which has been
directed to proceed to Iloilo as soon as necessary repairs to the steamer can be made.
By command of Major General Otis :
Thomas H. Barry,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Hosted by
Google
502 OREGON VOLTJNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
The battalion of tlie Twenty-third. Infantry which was sent to Cebu the latter part of
February had not taken any action in civil matters, but had preserved order in the
community. The citizens had looked after their own local interests, and officers of the
Navy had continued to conduct harbor and customs affairs, from which they were now
relieved by army officers detailed to perform the duties of those positions. Shortly
thereafter the dissensions between the friendly-disposed and hostile-intentioned natives
became bitter and culminated in the assassination of one of the most prominent citi-
zens, simply because he advocated United States protection, and attempts were made
upon the lives of a nuniber of others who ftivored United States occupationi The towns
within a short radius of distance began to show the first war paint of rebellion, and the
mountain peaks behind Oebu exhibited preparations for defense, or possibly attack, in
newly constructed rifle intrenchments. Contr^lband trade along the coast of the island
was active and gave the small gunboats manned by the natives considerable exciting
occupation. Colonel Hamer called for additional force, and a battalion of the Tennes-
see regiment was sent him from Iloilo. Shortly before incursions into the interior were
made by detached companies of the Twenty-third Infantry, at first without encounter-
ing much opposition, but afterwards by very decided opposition. It was apparent that
the rebellion was growing stronger each succeeding day, and that increased force would
be required to cope with it. The Cebu people possess great numbers of small sailing
crafts, with which they are accustomed to conduct trade between their own and neigh-
boring islands. With these they skirted other coasts and robbed the inhabitants. They
impoverished and reduced to hunger the natives of the island of Bohol, and with the
aid of the Tagalos and other emissaries introduced arms and ammunition among their
own people. On April 6th Colonel Hamer wrote :
Our present occupancy includes only the old town of Cebu, while the insurgents
under Francisco Llamas occupy the adjoining town of San Nicholas, which, in fact,
is a part of the city of Cebu. This man Llamas is an active and cunning fellow "vyhom
the natives fear to the extent of conceding to him supernatural power. I may say in
this connection that the president seems to hold like views with the rest of the natives
on this subject. The vice-president and treasurer deny that they fear him and say that
if we had sufficient force to inspire the natives with confidence in our ability to protect
them Llamas's standard would be deserted, as he is deeply hated as well as feared by the
people, and they only await a safe opportunity to throw off his yoke. After carefully
looking over the ground I have come to the conclusion that now is the time for us to
perfect our occupation of the island. We can accomplish it now with the display of
force, and in my opinion without the loss of a man. * * * The southern coast line of
the island contains all the towns of any consequence. If you can send rhe two more
battalions, I will undertake to occupy these towns and establish in each a government
which will acknowledge the supremacy of the United States, and this, too, without the
loss of single a man.
But there were no troops available, for Luzon demanded every armed man. We per-
mitted Cebu to drift and foment opposition, careful to hold securely its principal city,
an important trading point and one of the open ports of the Philippines. The insurgent
leaders organized their forces as best they could, without much interruption on our
part, until in their conceit they commenced to assemble a force four miles out of the city
and on the overlooking mountains, with which to drive us off' at the opportune time.
It grew to one thousand five hundred and then to two thousand, having several pieces
of artillery in position and rifles and ammunition in considerable quantities. Its posi-
tions were believed to be impregnable, and now as I write I learn that Colonel Snyder,
of the Nineteenth Infantry, who a short time since was sent there with a portion of his
regiment to relieve the Tennessee battalion — having collected all troops at hand, con-
sisting of that contingent of his own regiment present, two companies of the Sixth
Infantry sent by General Hughes from Iloilo, the Twenty-third Infantry battalion, and
the Tennessee Volunteers, who chanced that way on their homeward voyage and who
offered their services — has cleared the neighboring mountains of all insurgents, except-
ing those who now lie buried there, and has gathered in their weapons of war.
The better class of the population of the island of Cebu greatly desire stable govern-
ment, and this they know they can not obtain without American supremacy and pro-
tection. When the Tagalo is driven out and the ignorant*element which now cries for
independence, having no conception of the meaning of the term, is forced to betake
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLIJNTEEES IN SPANISFI WAR. 503
itself to legitimate occupation instead of robbery, the island will be easily controlled,
and at present it would appear that the time required to bring about that desirable con-
dition of things would not extend far into the future.
About the middle of April I was reciuested by the Spanish authorities to relieve the
troops of Spain in Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. In the group of islands last
named matters were represented from Singapore and other points as being in a very
unsatisfactory state, and it was asserted that the Sultan and his datos were securing
large supplies and of arms and ammunition from the Asiatic and neighboring coasts.
The inhabitants (Moros) had always given Spain trouble. They had always manifested
toward Spain a feeling of subdued hostility when not actually at war with her, and she
had been able to impose only a recognition of very much abridged sovereignty. The
Spanish acting governor-general (General Rios), who for a long time had supervised
Spanish affairs in the south, informed me that he had never succeeded in stopping there
the trade in arms, and as for commerce, it could never be placed under proper restric-
tions. We felt, therefore, considerable hesitancy in dispatching to the archipelago the
limited force which then could be sent from Manila, apprehending more or less difficulty
in securely holding necessary positions should we garrison them. All the Spanish
troops which were formerly stationed along the coast of the island of Mindanao had
been concentrated at Zamboanga, its chief city. The Tagalos had taken possession of
the northern and northeastern coast and, with their confederates, the country in the
vicinity of the above-named place.
In March the Spanish authorities advertised for public sale at the naval station of
Isabela, on Basilan Island, a short distance south of Zamboanga, thirteen of their gun-
boats which had been formerly used on the island coasts. These boats were purchased
by a syndicate composed of private individuals, with the understanding that it would
deliver them to the United States authorities in the harbor of Manila.
The agent of the syndicate, who after purchasing was about to leave for Isabela to
receive delivery of the boats and transport them north, was informed that if he could
secure the armament belonging to the vessels the United States would receive it from
him at cost price. Having been promised protection by the United States Navy while
en route with the vessels to Manila, he sailed for Isabela by one of the coasting mer-
chant vessels, taking with him crews for such of the boats as were serviceable, and
received them there from the Spanish authorities with their armaments, which he
bought under the agreement above stated. He steamed out of Isabella Harbor, and to
protect him on his voyage, awaited near Zamboanga the coming of the United States
war vessel which by some misunderstanding had been detained at a northern port.
While awaiting the arrival of this war vessel, and less than twenty-four hours before it
reported, his fleet was seized by Mindanao insurgents, and nearly one half of his ord-
nance, consisting of artillery, rifles, and ammunition for same, was taken from him and
landed about a mile from Zamboanga on the Mindanao coast. By this seizure the insur-
gents were supplied with a few pieces of artillery, eleven quick-firing guns, three hun-
dred and seventy-five rifles, with considerable ammunition for all guns and pieces, and
could therefore place themselves in fair condition for attack or defense. After they had
captured and landed the arms complaint was made by the agent to the commanding
officer of the Spanish troops at Zamboanga, who, it was understood, after having
received the assurances of the insurgent chiefs that the arms would not be employed
against his troops, did not concern himself further in the matter. The gunboats and
what remained of the armament w^ere convoyed to Manila by the naval authorities and
turned over to the army, which completed the purchase by payment from the accruing
civil funds of the Philippines. They were subsequently transferred to the Navy for use,
and under the direction of its commander in chief have ever since rendered most effi-
cient service along the shallow coasts and harbors of the islands. The possession of
these arms by the Mindanao insurgents rendered it inexpedient to land troops at Zam-
boanga and attempt to hold the place with any force that could be spared from Luzon.
General Rios was therefore informed that we were not prepared to relieve his garrisons
at either Zamboanga or in the Sulu Archipelago until organizations then en route should
Hosted by
Google
504 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
arrive ; that the United States was entitled to a reasonable time to take over the places
which Spain desired to surrender, and that since the ratification of the treaty such time
had not intervened. Thus action was held in abeyance until May 13th, when news of a
surprising character was received, which is shown in the following explanatory^ com-
m:uhication:
Office United States Mimtaky Governor
IN THE Philippine Isi^ands,
Manila, P. I., May IL 1899.
Admiral George Dewey, U. S. N.,
Commanding United States Naval Force on Asiatic Station,
Flagship Olympia, Manila Harbor, P. I.
My Dear Admiral: Yesterday I received a dispatch from lloilo stating that the
insurgents had made an attack upon the Spanish garrison at Zamboanga, using the
arms and quick-flring guns which they had captui'ed from the Spanish gunboats. They
were repulsed, but the Spanish general in command and two of his officers were wounded,
one enlisted man was killed and a few wounded. The insurgents have cut off their water
supply and the Spanish garrison is left in rather a perilous condition.
Last evening a cablegram sent from lloilo by the Spanish naval lieutenant, Cano,
addressed to General Rios and sent in my care, was also received. This cited facts sub-
stantially as did the cablegram sent to me. General Rios telegraphed to Madrid and
received directions to withdraw the Zamboanga and Jolo garrisous Immediately. He
called this morning and wished me to send troops down there at once. I made him no
promise, but told him I would defer my answer until to-morrow. He asked me then if
you would not send d6wn a war vessel to cruise in those waters to give aid to the Span-
ish garrison in case it should be placed in extremity, to which I replied that I did not
know, but I would seek the information from you.
The situation here is as follows : We have no more troops at the present tirne than we
need here in Luzon, especially if we carry out the campaign as projected. Lawton took
San Miguel yesterday afternoon and will be far out in a day or two. Kobb6 with 1,500
men accompanies the boats up the Rio Grande from Gal um pit and will start on Tues-
day morning. Mac Arthur s6ems to have all he can do to cover the Pampanga province
and give the inhabitants the protection from the insurgent troops which they demand.
To the south of us the number of insurgents seem to be increasing, while to the east and
north of the city they still maintain their hold.
We are still holding here the two Spanish vessels, the Leon XIII and the Puerto Rico,
which General RiOs desires to use to take his troops away from Zamboanga and Jolo,
He said this morning that if these vessels could not be given him he must depend upon
some of the merchant vessels in port to take his troops off or suffer the consequences of
disohedience of his Government's orders.
Looking over the entire field, 2 000 men at least will be required to take and hold
Zamboanga, its environments, and the water supply. The rebels there have a good deal
of artillery, and, I think, are supplied with some 600 or 800 rifles, for which they have
plenty of ammunition. Jolo can be occupied with about 600 men. I think, therefore,
that it might be a good scheme to send the garrison to Jolo as soon as possible, or the
IS^oros will destroy the fortifications and guns and turn them upon us wheh we appear.
As for Zamboanga, I am afraid that we will have to permit the Spaniards to withdraw
and take it later. * * *
Does it seem desirable to send a vessel down to southern waters, as Rios requests, or
could you convoy our troops down south within two or threp days?
One of our great needs here is light artillery. We have plenty on the transports com-
ing, which, unfortunately, is not here now. The light battery which reported last week
came off without its guns, and they ar^ following it on the steamer Leelanaw, which
left San Francisco on the 8d of the month. There are 20 companies of troops due here
within the next two weeks ; also quite a number of recruits. * * *
Yours, very truly, E. S. Otis,
Major General, U. S. V.., Military Governor.
To this communication Admiral Dewey responded that he would convoy our troops
and furnish General Rios with any assistance he desired, and I informed the general
that, while regretting that we could not send troops to Zamboanga immediately, we
would relieve his Sulu garrisons. The field was then carefully looked over, and as a
battalion of the Twenty-third Infantry was already at Cebu it was determined to send
the remainder of that regiment to the archipelago; whereupon the following orders
were issued :
General Orders, ) Headquarters Department Pacific
No. 28. i AND Eighth Army Corps,
Manila, P. I., May 15, 1899.
The Twenty-third United States Infantry is relieved from duty at this station and
will proceed at once by transport to Jolo, island of Jolo, and relieve from duty there the
troops of Spain now constituting the garrison at that place.
The quartermaster's department will furnish the necessary transportation, and the
subsistence will supply rations for this command for thirty days.
By command of Major General Otis :
Thomas H. Barry,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 505
General Rios, with two merchant vessels, sailed on May 17th for the south to place in
readiness for departure his garrison at Zamboanga, with the understanding that our
troops would arrive at Jolo on board the transport Leon XIII in sufficient season for
his archipelago garrisons to take advantage of it, sail by way of Zamboanga, when all
of his command could embark, and proceed homeward. He promised to render useless
all the Zamboanga guns and destroy all ammunition there which was not to be removed,
and this it is believed he did.
The headquarters and two battalions of the Twenty-third Infantry, upon reaching
Jolo, found the Spanish soldiers well prepared to depart, although they did not expect
to be relieved by our troops. A Spanish staff officer took passage on the vessel with
instructions from General Rios to govern their movements. The small garrison main-
tained at Siassi, island of Siassi, had been withdrawn to Jolo and the former place
turned over to the Sultan, who had in person gone there from Maibun, his capital, and
taken formal possession. The exchange of troops was quietly effected, full military
honors were accorded, and the flags of the respective nations participating were saluted
by our war vessel in the harbor when the Spaniards were formed to march out of the
post and embark.
The force sent to Jolo arrived on May i9th, and consisted of nineteen line officers, two
assistant surgeons, a chaplain, and seven hundred and thirty-three enlisted men. It
relieved a garrison consisting of twenty-four officers and eight hundred enlisted men.
The post or village is described as follows :
It is hardly more than a good-sized military post, beautifully laid out, with broad,
clean streets, lined with flowering trees and gardens, and surrounded by a loop-holed
wall about 8 feet high and \y^ feet thick. The population is estimated at 400, mostly
Chinamen, one German, no other Europeans. Four male Moros live within the walls.
The public buildings are in a dilapidated condition. The governor's residence and office
is one small building. There is one group of barracks (four buildings) which will
accommodate one battalion. The theater will accommodate one company, and outly-
ing blockhouses two companies. A commissary, post office, schoolhouse, a hospital for
about 100 beds, a market and some few small structures compose the remainder of the
public buildings.
The commanding officer of the United States troops reported the day after his arrival
that —
The situation, in so far as determined from our limited experience, is as follows:
Spain possesses the small walled town known as Jolo. The govern* r has complete con-
trol within the walls. There are no civil courts, no civil officers. Outside the walls the
Sultan of Jolo and Borneo is the ruler. Spain pays him S200, Mexican, per month. At
present he is not on the island, but is visiting one of the neighboring islands about 30
miles south. He has recently returned from Mecca, and now dresses in European cos-
tume. Spanish soldiers seldom go beyond the range of the outlying blockhouses. The
relation between the natives (Moros) and Spain is not altogether harmonious.
Subsequent reports showed that the Spanish troops had received orders to prepare
for withdrawal from the archipelago and expected to depart very soon, but had not been
informed that they would be relieved by United States troops. The Spanish comman"
dant and governor had therefore taken the Sultan to Siassi from Maibun and turned the
place over to him, and intended to turn over Jolo also when his force should evacuate.
Our arrival was most opportune, and a matter of surprise — unpleasantly so — to the
Sultan, who expected to award his datos with this acquired possession. His datos on
Jolo Island were not, however, on the most amicable terms with him, and seemed to be
pleased to welcome the Americans. They called on Captain Pratt, who was in com-
mand of our troops, expressed friendly intentions, and gave adhesion to the United
States.
The captain, with some of his officers, returned the call, were the first ICuropeans
who had ever entered the house of the chief neighboring dato, and were hospitably
entertained. The Sultan, disappointed, lingered at Siassi, where he had established
a police and garrison, and did not respond to the invitation to call upon our officers.
His mother, the Sultaness, however, who was at Maibun, sent the Sultan's secretary to
welcome the Americans, wlien a return call was made upon her and she received our
representatives most graciously and expressed gratification. Thus, through the diplo-
macy of Captain Pratt and his subordinates, a most satisfactory condition of aff"airs was
Hosted by
Google
506 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
attained upon which to base future negotiations, which were conducted by Brig. Gen.
John C. Bates, IJ. S. V., during July and August.
Brigadier General Hughes was relieved as provost marshal general at Manila and
assigned to the command of the Visayan military district on May 25th. He proceeded
to his headquarters at Iloilo, Panay, early in June with instructions to carefully super-
vise matters in Negros and Cebu, but not to conduct any military operations in Panay
farther than was necessary to hold Iloilo and its outlying villages, then in our posses-
sion, as no additional troops could be given him as the policy of nonaction in the island
other than might be considered defense would result in dissensions between the Visayan
and Tagalo, who, should we attack, would unite all factions for resistance. The policy
has worked excellently. Tagalo soldiers to the number of about two thousand had
been sent from Luzon. Their officers practically assumed the conduct of all Panay
affairs, even if they did not do so ostensibly or expressly, and the Panay inhabitants
have been made to suffer severe pecuniary losses and in some parts of the island great
lack of provisions, while robbery and other crimes have prevailed. The manifested hos-
tility between Visayan and Tagalo is now very pronounced. We have been invited by
the former to take possession of northern and eastern Panay, with promises of assist-
ance if we would consent to do so, and very recently the Tagalos assumed control in
every particular, disarmed all the Visayans on the plea that they could not be relied
upon for support, and are conducting a military government in accordance with their
individual desires, the chief object of which is reported to be individual pecuniary profit.
While during the month of May the majority of our troops were operating to the
north of Manila in central Luzon, the insurgents in the Cavite and Morong provinces,
south and east of the city, were very active, and extreme Avatchfulness on the part of
our thin lines of defense was necessary. Their numbers continued to increase until they
had concentrated some six thousand on the south and some two thousand five hundred
to the east. The former had been recently animated with some mysterious belief to the
etfect that the Americans were about to be given over to them for slaughter. Among
them a battalion of boys of tender age appeared ^ whose mission was to throw stones at the
enemy under the guidance of Providence; but one or two of the little fellows were wounded
and the desire for self-preservation being stronger than their religious enthusiasm, they
were seen no more. This concentrated southern force made daily demonstrations of
some character, and an occasional attack, when the loss of a few of their men cooled
their ardor for two or three successive days. An advance to the south with the inten-
tion of permanent or temporary occupation was not desirable. Should it be made and
towns or villages be taken, the inhabitants would pray for their protection against the
return of the insurgents, and this could not be given them from the troops available
without seriously interfering with projected operations. Hence, on the south we had
occasionally driven back the enemy a few miles when he became annoying and then
returned the troops to the old lines. To the east and northeast reconnoissances were
made frequently to locate the shifting foe, ascertain his intentions, and provide the
necessary precautionary measures.
General Lawton was directed to disperse his troops at Candaba, turning over the
Third, Seventeenth, and Twenty-second Infantry to the Second Division, to be estab-
lished on the new line from San Fernando to Baliuag, with a station at Quingua, and to
send back to Manila the most of the Fourth Cavalry, the North Dakota and Oregon Vol-
unteers, placing Minnesotans on the railroad between Bocaue and Caloocan. He there-
fore gave orders for the troops at San Miguel to withdraw to Baliuag and left Candaba
on May 23d.
The withdrawal of these troops and the descent made on Rio Grande to Candaba
excited the insurgents to great activity, they supposing that a retreat was intended.
They forwarded their forces by rail to General Mac Arthur's front and concentrated near
San Miguel. On the march to Baliuag our troops encountered them morning, noon, and
evening, and suffered in casualties two men killed and thirteen wounded, but the enemy
left with them sixteen killed, a considerable number of wounded, and a few prisoners
besides a small amount of property. This movement placed the entire Third Infiintry, a
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 507
battalion of the Twenty-second Infantry, a troop of the Fourth Cavalry, mounted, and
two guns at Baliuag, rendering the place too strong for attack, and the enemy withdrew
to the north. Upon the following day, May 24th, a force of the insurgents attacked an
outpost on the right of San Fernando, when a collision occurred involving the South
Dakota, Kansas, and Iowa Volunteers and portions of the Seventh and Twenty-second
Infantry, with the result that the enemy was badly handled and retreated, leaving fiftj^
dead and thirty-eight wounded on the field, and we captured twenty-eight prisioners,
fifty rifles, and other property ; our casualties, seven killed and six wounded, all of the
South Dakota regiment. These minor affairs corrected the impressions of the enemy as
to our intentions of retreating, and no action of importance took place at the north for
some time.
During the month of May we had a large accession of regular troops, consisting of six
organizations, the Thirteenth Infantry arriving on the 29th of that month. On the last
day of May there were present in the Philippines one thousand two hundred and one
commissioned officers and thirty-three thousand and twenty-six enlisted men, of whom
six hundred and fourteen officers and six thousand and ninety-eight enlisted men were
stationed in the southern islands and at the Cavite naval station. Deducting the thir-
teen per cent of sick, special-duty men, and those undergoing courtr-martial sentences,
there were for duty in all the islands twenty-five thousand eight hundred and nine
enlisted men, and in Luzon, the Cavite arsenal excepted, twenty thousand nine hun-
dred and sixty-five. This was a large force, sufficient to accomplish efficient work with
clerity, but of the entire number present over sixteen thousand were volunteers or were
awaiting discharge under War Department promises and less than eighteen thousand
were regulars owing further services to the Government. These sixteen thousand men
must be assembled, must be individually accounted for, placed in condition for depart-
ure, and shipped to the United States at the earliest date.
The great labor attending this shipment was entered upon on May 25th, when specific
orders to govern all particulars of procedure were issued. The volunteers had been
somewhat careless in rendering returns for men and public property and were not
familiar with legal requirements in these matters. Hence several days were necessary
to straighten out rolls, returns, and discharge papers after the organizations were
assembled. Under the War Department directions it was ordered that the departure of
these troops should be permitted in accordance with priority of date of arrival. This
brought the Oregon and California troops first, but the latter were scattered over the
island of Negros. The Oregon troops were assembled in Manila on May 26th and
directed to hasten the necessary paper work and the transfer of public property which
was to be left behind. This was not accomplished until about June 10th, and portions
of the regiment in the mean time took part in the military operations in the vicinity of
the city. It sailed on June 14th, a delay of two or three days attending its decision on a
question it was allowed to determine whether to sail for San Francisco or Portland,
Oregon. A regular regiment must be secured to relieve the Californians in Negros, and
the Sixth Infantry, then en route, was selected. It did not arrive until June 18th, when
it was sent south. But prevailing typhoons delayed relief, and the Californians did not
leave Manila Harbor until July 26th, after the Nebraska, Utah, Pennsylvania, and Col-
orado troops had taken their departure.
Troops were about to depart much more rapidly than they could be received, and the
country we were covering must be held. It was not possible, therefore, to make exten-
sive offensive demonstrations until the Eighth Army Corps could pull itself together
again. In the mean time the insurgents were making great exertions to worst us by
attacking our lines of communication and our force in the province of Pampanga. But
all of their eflbrts were futile and resulted in their repeated discomfiture.
The latter part of May it was reported that the inhabitants at Antipolo, Morong, and
other near towns east of Manila were suffering heavily on account of the crimes com-
mitted by General Pilar's insurgent troops, and they called for protection. Pilar enjoys
the reputation of being for years the bandit chief of that section of country. He stood
high in the favor of Aguinaldo, either on account of the latter's fear of him or because
Hosted by
Google
508 ' OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR,.
he had the ability to keep together and direct troops drawn from the criminal classes.
He had within his command about two thousand five hundred m.en and formerly oper-
ated south of the Pasig, from which he had been driven, and subsequently commanded
the province of Morong. As soon as General Lawton returned to Manila he was
instructed to collect a force and (jause these insurgent troops to be driven off. Assem-
bling two thousand five hundred men at the pumping station, under command of Brig-
adier General Hall, he directed it on June 3d upon Ahti polo, and at the same time
moved eight companies of the Washington Volunteers by lake to Morong, and the First
North Dakota and a battalion of the Twelfth Infantry on Taguig from Pasig. The
rough character of the country in the direction of Antipolo and the heat of the day
caused Hall's column to move slowly. He met with slight resistance from a scattered
force of three hundred at the base of the mountains and entered that place the follow-
ing morning. Morong and Taguig were taken, and the nai-row strip of land extending
into the Laguna de Bay from the north was explored without discovering the presence
of the enemy, unless in the guise of the "amigo,*' with weapon carefully concealed, a
character of the partisan which prevails entensively in this country when firstcaptured
by our troops. The insurgents had scattered, and most of them at least had taken the
trails into the mountains, where they could not be profitably pursued. On the march
to Antipolo our casualties were two men killed and nine wounded, and at Taytay two
men killed. The enemy suffered a much greater loss and left nine dead and a number
of wounded on the Morong field alone, where our troops did not meet with any casualty.
Morong was occupied for a time and from it reconnoissances were made into the interior
and along the shore of the Laguna. Its garrison was removed across the lake to
Calamba, when that point became a permanent station.
The enemy had become again boldly demonstrative at the south and it became nec-
essary to throw him back once more. He had intrenched himself very strongly in the
vicinity of Paraiiaque and near Taguig ; also in front of San Pedro Macati, the center of
our line. On June 7tb General Lawton was instructed to concentrate a force of four
thousand men approxihiately in the vicinity of the lastr-named town, to be placed under
the immediate supervisioh of Generals Wheaton and Ovenshine, move the same to the
front and center in two columns, disperse the enemy in the immediate front, and then,
swinging these columns to the right and left, place them in rear, if possible, of his strong
positions on our flanks. Dispositions were completed on June 9th, and early the next
morning the command moved out. Six companies of the Colorados constituted the
advance guard, took the direction of the intrenchments in the immediate front, which
they attacked with great vigor. The enemy was soon driven and scattered. Wheaton,
swinging to the left, soon routed the insurgents in that direction, who made such rapid
flight to the south that few of them w^ere caught. Ovenshine took up his swinging
movement to the right to place his toops on the Bacoor road south of Las Piiias, but,
unfortunately, the day was one of the most enervating of the year. The sky was cloud-
less and no air stirring. The troops, which had recently arrived from the United States,
began to be overcome with the heat before they had marched two miles. The colonel of
the Thirteenth Infantry was prostrated from sunstroke, and nearly all of that regiment
fell out on the line of march before it had proceeded as far south as Parafiaque. General
Lawton accompanied this column in person, and, quickly taking in the situation,
directed Wheaton's column to join as soon as possible; but before this was accom-
plished the enemy, advancing from Parafiaque, boldly attacked what remained of
Ovenshine's men. He was repulsed after some active skirmishing, and, Wheaton join-
ing, the march in the direction of Las Piiias was continued, and late in the afternoon
General Lawton was obliged to halt a little south of east of Las Piiias, but could not
secure the road by which it was believed the enemy would retreat. His men had suf-
fered severely from the hard march, and especially from lack of water, for scarcely any
that was potable could be found by them.
Fully fifty per cent had succumbed to the heat and fatigues of the day. The insur-
gents, too, had suffered from the same causes, and, in addition, had been signally
defeated. They left on the battlefield a great number of dead, over seventy of whom
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 509
were discovered and counted, while our casualties summed up at one enlisted man
killed and two officers and twenty-one men wounded. That night the enemy escaped
from Parafiaque and Las Piiias by the Bacoor road and across the Zapote River, along
which they had constructed formidable intrenchments, where they had, in 1896, gained
a great victory over the Spaniards, and where they believed they would be invincible.
In fact, a great number of them had made religious vows, assumed under superstitious
rites, to overthrow the Americans there or die in the ditches.
The most conservative estimate of their numbers was three thousand, and to meet
this condition of afiairs new combinations must be made. The Thirteenth Infantry was
brought into Manila and placed on the north line, relieving the Fourth Infantry and
Wyoming Battalion, which were sent to General Lawton, who in the mean time had
carefully reconnoitered the enemy's position and had concluded to attack at the Zapote
River bridge of the Bacoor road. In reconnoitering near that point in person with two
companies of the Twenty-tirst Infantry he was suddenly attacked on front and flanks by
a large force of the enemy from its brush concealments, whereupon, returning a short
distance and hurrying up supports, he threw it back upon the river. His troops, hav-
ing been resupplied with rations and ammunition, and his reenforcement forwarded,
all by water transportation plying between Manila and Paranaque, he, on June 13th,
attacked the enemy in his intrenchments on the Zapote. The country was most unin-
viting for military operations, and he made his dispositions for a main attack on the
river bridge, near which, after hard and persistent effort, he had secured a position
which flanked a portion of the enemy's lines. The Navy had, in the mean time, at a
point on the shore of the bay, landed from one of its vessels near Las Piiias thirty-eight
men and a quick-flring gun where it could do execution on the left flank of the insur-
gents should they attempt demonstrations in that direction. At 3 o'clock that after-
noon General Lawton wired to headquarters in Manila that the battle was severe, and
that the enemy was fighting in strong force and with determination. Twenty minutes
later he telegraphed, "We are having a beautiful battle. Hurry up ammunition; we
will need it ;" and at 4 o'clock : " We have bridge. It has cost us dearly. Battle not yet
over. It is a battle, however. I can not approximate our loss. It will be fifteen or
twenty, I think. Several are killed — two or three. I have not had time to ascertain."
That evening he telegraphed as follows:
Las Pinas, June 13 — 6:07 p. m.
Adjutant Genebax, Department of Pacific:
Impossible to give many details of fight. We were engaged at close range this morn-
ing. Enemy came boldly into the open ground and advanced to 130 and 100 yards. This
evening we assaulted trenches 25 feet thick, crossing river in their front. Many of
enemy's dead lay in trenches. We now occupy south side of river. The report of wounded
in engagement this a. in. was exaggerated. Many heat prostrations were reported
wounded. The number will be about 7 or 8. The surgeon reports 29 wounded, now in
hospital. I know there are several more to come and none of the dead are yet in. I
believe some 40 will cover the killed and wounded for the day. The men and officers
fought like Americans, and I will mention later several for most distinguished gal-
lantry. Among them General Ovenshine ; Captain Sage, Twenty-third Infantry; Lieu-
tenants Donovan and Connelley, Twenty-first Infantry, the latter two wounded.
Lawton, Major General, Volunteers.
The enemy fled southward up the Zapote River to Imus and San Nicholas, a few
westward along the shore of the bay, and our troops took possession of Bacoor, extend-
ing their outposts toward Old Cavite and Imus. The inhabitants gladly welcomed their
arrival and offered to furnish every assistance in their power if the requisite protection
could be given them. It was not desired nor was it the intention to pursue the enemy
southward under any circumstances if it involved us with even temporary occupation
of the country, as our strength did not justify such a scattering of our forces, and as
every available man should be sent toward our true objective in the north. The Cavite
and Batangas provinces, though the original hotbeds of all insurrections in these
islands, were without military importance under the conditions then prevailing, and
General Lawton, before moving out of Manila, was warned against taking possession of
any southern country which looked to permanency. However, the inhabitants of this
section were suffering for rice and those near the bay coast had not planted their crops.
Hosted by
Google
510 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
They Importuned us for the contiinued presence of troops, that they might unmolested
commence their planting and be assured that they would receive the reward of their
labors. On the morning of June 15th General Lawton telegraphed as follows :
A representative of the civil government at Imus has just come, formally announ-
cing the surrender of that place and inviting the Americans to enter. He states the
insurgents all left yesterday afternoon in the direction of San Francisco de Malabon.
He states the people of that section are frightened and tired of war and want peace, and
welcome the Americans with pleasure. This man states in further explanation of the
direction taken by the troops leaving Imus that they went in several directions, but
generally toward Dasniarihas and Malabon ; that the men were much demoralized, but
were afraid of their generals ; that they have little ammunition, one rapid-fire gun, and
one muzzle-loading gun. They commenced rerhoving the cartridge factory three days
since and that it was taken to Buenavista, which lies between Malabon and Dasraari-
nas. The reconnoissance made yesterday did not find the enemy, although it went
almost to Imus. The bridge below Bacoor is now in our possession and guarded. One
hundred and twenty-five insurgents buried yesterday here. Sixteen men, including
one captain, were buried at Ihius yesterday. I think we should push the enemy a little
more. This man states that the people do not wish war and that they look upon the
Americans as friends and are glad to see them come, but that Aguinaldo and his cut-
throats (this is his own expression) only desire war. The vicinily of our fight on the
extreme right, where the reconnoissance was made this morning, has not yet been vis-
ited ; many dead must be found there.
While General Lawton was operating in the vicinity of Las Pinas and the mouth of
the Zapote River three hundred men of the Cavite garrison, taken from the California
Heavy Artillery arid the Pennsylvania Regiment, were sent southward on reconnois-
sance along the neck of land which connects that point and the main shore, against the
town of Noveleta— this to create a diversion in our favor and ascertain what we could
of the enemy's positions and intentions. These troops were engaged on this duty and
incidental movements for three successive days. They penetrated the country to Old
Cavite, San Francisco de Malabon and nearly to Rosario, and determined the fact that
no great number of insurgents could have retreated in that direction, although still in
considerable force in that section. The following response, therefore, was sent to Gen-
eral Lawton's telegram, which is above set out:
Do not think that insurgents retreated to San Francisco de Malabon, except probably
small detachments may have gone in that direction. Road from Imus to Malabon very
bad, and all insurgents have retired from Noveleta. Their proper line of retreat would
have been south. We do not wish to hold Imus, but you can send there a couple of
battalions with 2 guns for temporary purposes, utilizing for present dispositions all troops
you have and the 3 battalions sent you this morning. My information is that many
in.^urgents have received instructions from Baldamero Aguinaldo to return to their
homes with their guns, and to secrete guns for future use. This may account for the
unusual number of "amigos" at Paranaque. Rice and beef for distribution to the inhab-
itants will be sent to Las Piiias, also to Paranaque, in the morning.
That morning I had cabled to Washington the following :
Ma:n-ii.a, p. I., J^me 15, 1899.
Agwar, Washington:
Success Lawton's troops Cavite province greater than reported yesterday. Enemy,
numbering over 4,000, lost in killed, wounded, and captured, more than one third:
remainder much scattered ; have retreated south to Imus, their arsenal. Of 5 pieces of
artillery, 3 captured. Navy aided greatly on shore of bay, landing forces occasionally.
Inhabitants in that country rejoice at deliverance, and welcome with enthusiastic dem-
onstrations arrival of our troops.
Otis.
It subsequently appeared that the insurgent army, after retreating through Imus,
divided, the larger portion continuing its retreat south to Dasmarinas, about eight miles
distant therefrom, the remainder proceeding westward to Malabon, where tljey were
found in increased numbers on June 16th by the Cavite reconnoissance detachments.
On that day General Wheaton was sent to Imus with the Fourth Infantry and a platoon
of artillery.
On this day the military operations of the insurgents in the north, who were again
becoming quite active, received a severe check, and once more comparative quiet in that
section was restored. At noon we received a dispatch from General MacArthur, sent
from San Fernando, as follows :
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 511
At about 4,30 this a. m. an extensive demonstration was made by insurgents against
this place. They appeared on our entire front, on both sides of tlie river — that is to say,
the town was entirely surrounded. The diameter of the line of insurgent operations was
about 3 miles. As far as the town was concerned, the attack was reported at all points,
with considerable loss to insurgents. Our loss not yet ascertained, probably not large.
Line went down immediately. * * *
Since writing have information of 50 feet of track being taken up in vicinity of Apaite
station. Mallory takes material, and will repair break if possible. We have in neigh-
borhood of 50 of enemy's dead in our possession and something like 25 wounded.
Some 75 guns have been captured and are in our possession or destroyed. Our lo?s so
far reported, 12 wounded ; mostlj^ slight. Further particulars as soon as ascertained.
In the afternoon the following was received :
Sax Fernando, June 16— 2M p. m.
Adjutant General, :
In reply to wire requesting report of particulars of attack this a. m., reference is
respectfully made to my pi-evious message in the premises; in addition to which it is
further remarked that preparations inside the insurgent lines have been apparent for a
number of days, and that the affair this a. m. was premeditated and intended to be on
a very large scale, with a view to surrounding this command and severing communica-
tion between here and Oalumpit. There is very little doubt now that Aguinaldo was
present in person and that the number of troops employed numbered quite 5,000 armed'
men, many of whom have been recently brought from the north by train, and possibly
even from the line east of the Pinag de Catidana. This elaborate preparation resulted
in complete failure at every point, although every position in our front was attacked.
We have in our hands in the neighborhood of 100 dead and wounded insurgents, and
their losses probably run well into the hundreds.
MacArthur, Major General.
And later in the day General MacArthur telegraphed :
It is reported, with a considerable probability of being true, that Aguinaldo was pres-
ent in command of troops here this morning, or in the immediate vicinity, supervising
operations. The demonstration was on a very extensive scale, in which not less than
3,000 men were employed, and probably very many more. The movement has been in
preparation for several days; the details were very elaborate. The Iowa regiment did
some fine work immediately after appearance of enemy in their immediate vicinity.
They made an extensive return in fine shape, and drove the insurgents back through
their own works and out of sight, with heavy punishment of enemy, 15 of whose dead
were left in their hands and 12 wounded. The Kansas regiment also made a handsome
offensive return. The insurgents left 39 of their dead with them and quite a number of
wounded.
After General Wheaton had reached Imus he endeavored to locate the enemy by
reconnoissance, and, believing him to be in considerable force, he was strengthened by
additional troops, so that he had with him the entire Fourth and a battalion of the
Fourteenth Infantry, the Nevada Cavalry, and four pieces of artillery. On the morning
of June 19th he sent Major Bubb, with his battalion of the Fourth Infantry and one gun,
southward on the Dasmarinas road. Shortly before noon, when the reconnoitering
party had advanced some six or seven miles without encountering opposition and was
about to return, the enemy, in strong force, concealed in the thick brush and the sur-
rounding swampy undergrowth, suddenly made an attack on its front flank. Bubb,
fighting his men skillfully against heavy odds, slowly retreated, for four hours inflicting
punishment on the enemy, until General Wheaton, learning of the affair and taking the
two remaining battalions of the Fourth Infantry and three guns, joined him. Wheaton
then quickly threw forward his entire force, routed the enemy, and drove him at rapid
pace back on Dasmarinas, near which he bivouacked for the night. As soon as this
movement was reported, a battalion of Ninth Infantry was hastened from Bacoor to
Imus for the purpose of strengthening the force left there, thus rendering the place
secure against attack from the direction of either San Nicholas or Malabon, and to
reenforce Wheaton, if necessary. Its position at Bacoor was taken by two hundred men
hastily moved across Manila Bay in cascoes from the Cavite Arsenal. On the evening of
the following day this dispatch was received :
Desmarinas, June20—6:h0p. m.
Major General Otis :
Yesterday I sent Bubb's battalion, Fourth Infantry, and one 3.2-inch gun on recon-
noissance on Dasmarinas road, from Imus. Seven miles out he met the enemy in force,
advancing to attack on Imus. He engaged in combat with them until I, in person,
reenforced him with 2 battalions and 3 guns. The enemy was completely routed, flying
in the direction of Dasmarinas and San Francisco. His loss in killed was large —55 of'
his dead were brought to Dasmarinas church. The column bivouacked on the Dasma-
Hosted by
Google
512 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
riiias road for the night. This morning: I reeiiforced the column with 7 companies and
advanced and occupied Dasmarinas, small bodies of the enemy resisting on the front
and flanks. They had 6 killed and 2 wounded brought to Dasmarinas church. Our
loss so far, only 8 wounded. Yesterday we had 4 killed and '20 wounded — all of the
Fourth Infantry. The enemy?s main body is now between here and San Francisco.
Dasmarinas has but few houses, is surrounded by swamps, and is a long day's march
from Imus. Road impracticable in bad weather. I will return to Imus with my com-
mand to-morrow, unless otherwise directed.
Wheaton.
He was directed to drive off or destroy the insurgents' moving arsenal or cartridge
manufactory reported to be at Buenavista, a near point, and thereupon returned to
Imus, as the roads had been rendered impracticable by heavy rains for any further
operatipns in that section. Buenavista could hot be reached on account of intervening
swamps, and the column returned to Imus, experiencing difficulty in moving the
artillery over the wretched roads. Shortly thereafter all troops were retired from Imus,
except the Fourth Inftintry and a platoon of artillery. The Fourteenth Infantry and a
troop of cavalry were left to garrison the towns of Bacoor, Eas Pifias, and Paraiiaque.
I^ocal municipal governments of a primitive character were established, supervised by
officers present in command of troops, and t^e people, apparently well satisfied, betook
themselves to the planting of thfeir rice and their formerly accustomed avocations.
We had thus, under circumstances which had been forced upon iis by the determined
opposition of the insurgents, enlarged our holdings in the south by a considerable
acqiiisition of territory which was without strategic importance, although it made con-
trol of the waters of Manila Bay less difficult, as the coast was now in Our possession
from the province of Bataan to the Cavite Peninsula, excepting the slight portion
between Bacoor and Noveleta on the south. But this occupation deprived us of the
active aid of two thousand five hundred men for field movements when their services at
the north were important.
We were now busily engaged in discharging over sixty per cent of the enlisted men
of the artillery and infantry regiments of the regular establishment, which had joined
us previous to February, and in britiging into Manila and preparing for departure the
volunteer organizations. We had still in the Tisayassix thousand two hundred men
and in Liuzori twenty-six thousand, of whom more than twenty thousand were for duty,
but the most of the volunteers were not considered available, except possibly to meet
some unexpected emergency, and before the end of July more than eight thousand of
them had been discharged or sailed for the United States, their places being in part
taken by new arrivals.
The end of the month found us with twenty-nine thousand four hundred and twenty-
seven enlisted men, of whom twenty-three thousand two hundred and seventy-nine
were reported for duty, and of whom eighteen thousand were in the island of Luzon.
Active hostilities were maintained by a continued series of minor affairs, notwithstand-
ing the unparalleled heavy rainfall of forty-six inches in a single month, with^an accom-
paniment of a number of severe typhoons. These affairs occurred mostly On our railway
line of communication and at the north, and attended our endeavors to open the Laguna
de Bay country for traffic with Manila, for which the inhabitant were particularly
desirous. The latter efforts were not successful to any great extent because of insurgent
bands which appeared at various points oh the lake to secure the commercial advan-
tages and the persistent labors of traders in Manila, either insurgent sympathizers or
seekers (who were of varied nationalities) for individual gain, whom pecuniary profit
influenced more than conscience or fear of punishment. It was found to be impossible
to hold in satisfactory check contraband trade, and as for the rice and other articles of
subsistence sent out of the city, it was ascertained that the greater portion of it found
its way to the insurgent troops. This trade was therefore again placed under restric-
tions, which are enforced still. The trOops doing duty in the lake region were active.
A dismounted squadron of the Fourth Cavalry, under command of Captain McGrath,
supplied with a launch and cascoes as transportation, visited many points on the lake
and were received at times with white flags and the friendly demonstration of the
Inhabitants and at times by the bullets of the insurgent troops, whom they invariably
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 513
drove into tlie interior, but who returned after our men departed. On July 26th Cal-
amba, which had been strongly intrenched and supposedly firmly held, was captured
by General Lawton's troops, consisting of the Twenty-first Infantry, a squadron of the
Fourth Cavalry, and a battalion drawn from the Washington regiment, all placed under
the command of Brigidier General Hall, with the loss in casualities of three men killed
and eleven wounded. The insurgents stoutly resisted, but, as it has always happened
in such cases, they experienced a costly discomfiture. Los Baiios, the location of an
expensive military hospital errected by Spain, was also taken, and the two places are
still held by our troops, composed of a platoon of Light Battery F, Fifth Artillery, and
the entire Twenty-first Infantry. Several attempts have been made to dislodge them by
concentrated forces of the enemy, which have resulted in failure and severe punish-
ment.
Our returns for August 3Ist showed a total Army force present in the Philippines of
thirty thousand nine hundred and sixty-three officers and enlisted men, of whom more
than three thousand five hundred were volunteers awaiting shipment and men of the
regular regiments about to be discharged, and hence could not be reckoned among the
availables. Of this total, twelve and a fraction per cent were sick, leaving twenty-seven
thousand one hundred and eighty-nine officers and men for duty. Deducting therefrom
the volunteers, there were left less than twenty-four thousand officers and men for duty,
of whom four thousand one hundred and forty-five were absent in Jolo, the Visayan
Islands, and at Cavite Arsenal. Of the less than twenty thousand remaining for duty
in Luzon, two thousand six hundred belonged to the provost guard of the City of Manila,
one thousand nine hundred were on special duty, three hundred and forty-five were in
confinement, and nearly nine hundred were members of the Hospital Corps. The force
of active combatants outside of the city was therefore between thirteen thousand and
fourteen thousand men, of whom five thousand were required to hold the long line
encircling the same. We received from the United States in August one hundred and
thirty-three officers and four thousand two hundred and forty-seven enlisted men, con-
sisting of an engineer company, the Nineteenth Infantry, ten companies of the Twenty-
fourth and Twenty-fifth Infantry, two troops of Fourth Cavalry, and one thousand one
hundred and ninety-five recruits for the various regular organizations.
The casualties in killed and wounded among all United States troops in the Philip-
pines', from August 1, 1898, to August 31, 1899, number nineteen hundred, and were, from
the period from August 1st to February 4th, which includes the capture of Manila from
the Spaniards, one commissioned oflacer and eighteen enlisted men killed or fatally
wounded, eleven officers and ninety-seven enlisted men wounded, but not fatally ; and
for the period from February 4th, when the insurgents declared war against the United
States, to August 31, 1899, nineteen officers and three hundred and forty-two enlisted
men killed or who died of wounds received in battle, and eighty-seven officers and thir-
teen hundred and twenty-five enlisted men wounded.
The majority of the wounded have recovered. Only four enlisted men have been
reported as captured in action. One hundred and seventy-eight men dropped as desert-
ers are still at large. Many of them escaped from the islands, but this desertion list
includes men who absented themselves from their companies without permission and
carelessly wandered beyond our lines into the enemy's country. These possibly aggre-
gate thirty or forty. A few men who had been discovered as former deserters from the
Army, again deserted direct to the enemy, and some of them, it is rumored, hold com-
missions in Aguinaldo's forces. One officer. Captain Rockefeller, Ninth Infantry, is
missing. While inspecting his picket posts near Manila on the night of April 29th he
lost his bearings and wandered away from his command. Search was made for him for
two days by a detachment of his regiment, but unsuccessfully, and no satisfactery
information had been received concerning him although repeated inquiries in various
directions have been made. Deaths from accident for the thirteen months ending
August 31, 1899, aggregate five officers and ninety-one enlisted men, of which fifty-eight
resulted from drowning and eleven suicide. Those drowned were mostly engaged in
reconnoissance duty at the time and lost their lives in attempts to cross rivers swollen
33
Hosted by
Google
514 OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
by heavy rainfalls. Deaths frqin disease number twelve oflflcers and four hundred and
twenty-six enlisted men, of vyhom ninety died of variola, one hundred a;nd twenty of
typhoid fever, and seventy-two of dysentery. Therefore the total loss by deaths from
battle and disease of the Eightli Army Corps in the Philippines for the thirteen months
ending August 31, 1899, was thirty-seven commissioned officers and eight hundred and
seventy-nine enlisted men, and the total of deaths and casualties of every description,
slight wounds included, numbered one hundred and forty-four among commissioned
officers and twenty-two hundred and eight among enlisted men.
During tlie entire period covered by the foregoing general recital of the strictly mili-
tary operations of the troops in these islands, the varied subjects arising in civil admin-
istration, the settlement of affairs between Spain and the United States, and the antag-
onistic individual interests connected with trade and commerce gave constant per-
plexity and required unremitting labor. When the armed insurgents had been driven
away from the vicinity of Manila, the inhabitants of Manila asked for some sign of
American expressed intention in inaugurating its Filipino government. We had con-
trol of nearly all of the province in which the city is situated, and it was believed for a
time that we could with safety set up a provincial governor, and revive, to a certain
extent, the formerly enforced civil regulations with which the people were acquainted,
amending them so that reported past abuses could not be practiced. The organization
of a civil government for Manila was also taken under advisement, but conservative
precaution indicated that such action might be attended with risk, especially as to
property, for the population was becoming very dense, and much of it of a floating char-
acter, and needed close watching and a measureable degree of repression. Manila is now
and for some time has been looked upon by the natives as the only safe refuge in Luzon,
and unless those seeking it for an abiding place were restrained numbers would soon
become too great to carry out necessary sanitary measures for the preservation of the
public health and possibly to enforce the required regulations for the public safety. No
correct census of the city's population has ever been taken, and none has been attempted
for several years. Estimates vary widely. Conservative people place it under four hun-
dred thousand and some educated and practical Filipino residents rei)ort it as high as
six hundred thousand. The majority of this mass is irresponsible and easily excited.
Insurgent agents, some with fair social standing, if not prominence, and holding
appointments from Aguinaldo, are continually plotting in our midst, and Manila and
every landed province under our control has its accredited insurgent governor. Under
these prevailing conditions the introduction of a civil supervision of affairs by citizens,
though under general military control, has been deferred. In the city a civil native
police force has been organized, numbering three hundred and sixty, which is divided
into four companies, each having its native captain and sergeants, and has worked
admirably thus far in connection with the provost guard. These nlen, like our fire
department, have thus far proved true, and are feared by the criminals and disloyal ele-
ment of the population much more than our soldiers who patrol the streets, because
they are known to and are closely watched by them. Other cities and towns in our pos-
session were accorded local government under military supervisory restrictions, as
shown in the following directory provisions of orders, viz :
1. In each town there will be a municipal council, composed of a president and as
many representatives or headmen as there may be wards or barrios in the town, which
shall be charged with the maintenance of public order and the regulation of municipal
aflairs in particulars hereinafter named. It will formulate rules to govern its sessions and
order of business connected therewith, and by majority vote {to be determined by the
president in case of a tie) will, through the adoption of ordinances or decrees, to be exe-
cuted by the president, administer the municipal government; but no ordinance or
decree shall be enforced until it receives the approval of the commanding officer of the
troops there stationed.
2. The president shall be elected by a viva voce vote of residents of the town, approved
by the commanding officer, and, together with the headmen or representatives of the
council, shall hold office for one year. He shall be of native birth and parentage and a
resident and property owner of the town. The headmen shall be elected by a viva voee
vote of residents of their wards or barrios and shall reside and own property therein.
3. The president shall be the executive of the municipal council to execute its decrees
issued for the following purposes, viz :
To establish a police force.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 515
To collect taxes and license fees, to act as treasurer of public funds, and to make dis-
bursements on warrants of tbe council.
To enforce regulations relating to traffic and the sale of spirits, to establish and reg-
ulate markets, to inspect live stock and record transfers and brands of the same.
To perform the duties formerly belonging to the lieutenant of the paddy fields.
To enforce sanitary measures.
To establish schools.
To iDrovide for lighting the town.
4. The senior headman, or one designated by the council, shall be vice-president of
the same, assistant to the president, and sball be ex offfcio lieutenant of police.
5. The headman of a ward is the delegate of the president for that ward ; shall take
measures to maintain order, and shall have power to appoint two assistants.
6. Tlie council shall have no jurisdiction in civil cases, but on the application of par-
ties in interest and their agreement in writing to accept the award of the council, it
shall heai- and decide cases Involving property not exceeding in value $500.
7. In criminal matters the president, representing the council, shall make the pre-
liminary examination and, according to the result, discharge the prisoner or transfer
him immediately to the custody of the military authorities for trial by provost court.
-S, The lieutenant of police may arrest or order the arrest of persons violating a city
ordinance, disturbing the peace, or accused of crime ; but no person shall be held in con-
tinement longer thaii twenty-four hours without a preliminary examination, and no
person shall be arrested for nonpayment of taxes or for debt.
9. The president shall render to the council during the first week of each month a
certified account of collections under each tax, and of disbursements made during the
preceding month. 8aid accounts, having been approved by the council, shall be for-
warded, with vouchers, to the commanding officer of the troops, who shall make and
retain a certified copy thereof.
10. Special appropriations shall require a unanimous vote of the council ; regular dis-
bursements may be made by ordinary decree on a majority vote.
11. Whenever the commanding officer of troops shall notify, in writing, the council
that in his judgment a decree issued under subdivision 3 is inadequately executed, or
shall make any other criticism or recommendation, the council Will convene as soon
thereafter as practicable to consider his communication and shall make written reply
thereto, which reply, if he deem it sufficient, he shall forward, with his remarks, through
military channel's, to these headquarters.
12. The foregoing provisions, tentative in character, are subject to amendment by
enlargement or curtailment, as special conditions or development may make necessary.
In most instances these simple local establishments answer all purposes of a tempo-
rary nature and are drawn from former Spanish decrees and customs. In some cases
the president has been discovered to be an ardent insurgent, engaged in forcing money
collections in the interest of the enemy, but he is apt to desert his post and join his
friends with his extortions before he can be arrested. One in whom confidence had been
placed sold out for a general's commission and is now actively engaged in annoying our
troops south of Manila. The lack of manifested surprise or indignatioh on the part
of citizens by whom these criminals had been instructed with the management of local
affairs on discovering that they had been deceived and robbed presents an unfavorable
commentary on the moral complexion of the native.
The Spanish civil courts, from which criminal jurisdiction had been taken, as here-
tofore shown in this report, had voluntarily closed their sessions in October and Novem-
ber, leaving the administration of justice by constituted tribunals to the provost courts
of our creation. These provost courts could meet requirements in commercial matters,
but the business of merchants and the property transactions of inhabitants necessitated
judicial assistance of a strictly civil nature. The reestablishment of civil courts became
the subject of mature deliberation. A number of conferences were held with Judge
Arellano, a leading Filipino lawyer, who accepted the position of secretary of state in
Aguinaldo's cabinet under popular pressure and from which he had withdrawn of his
own volition shortly after acceptance, in the conviction that he could not thereby serve
the interests of his people. After much hesitancy he promised to comply with my
request to assist in the reestablishment of the supreme court of the islands and those of
inferior jurisdiction for the city of Manila and suburbs. He advised strongly against a
purely native judiciary, as the Asiatic consular court practice would result, since domi-
ciled foreigners would not submit to the orders of a native court except under protest
and appeal for relief to their own governments, and this would give rise to international
difficulties. He advised that judges be selected from the most competent lawyers of the
islands, and from United States officers versed in the law and acquainted with United
States civil codes of procedure, to the end that simpler forms of practice might be sub-
stituted gradually for the cumbersome and dilatory methods hitherto pursued by Spain.
Hosted by
Google
516 orf:gon volunteers in Spanish war.
The Spanish law, built upon royal prerogative, legislative enactments, and decrees of
governing officers issued under conferred powers, extending over a period of centuries,
has never been codified. In order to organize tribunals of justice, with membership
other than Spanish and with modified powers and forms of procedure^ in order to
impose upon the inhabitants the laws of Spain intelligently amended in essential par-
ticulars, required exhaustive research. This labor Judge Arellano undertook and car-
ried to sufficient completion to enable us to make the necessary legal modifications and
to organisse the courts. His recommendation for the appointment of certain men to the
bench who were drawn not only from Luzon but also from the Visayan Islands were
approved and orders larepared by him and Lieutenant Colonel Crowder, of the judge
advocate's department, were duly issued, as follows :
Genbbai^ Orders, ) Office United States Mii^itary Governor
I^o. 20. f IN THE Philippine Islands,
Ma7iUa, P. J., May 29, 1899.
I, Chapters, title 2, of the Organic Royal Decree of Januarys, 1891, prescribing the
qualifications of appointees to colonial judicial office, is, in its application to judicial
appointments in the Philippine Islands, hereby suspended. .^ . ,. ,
II The supreme court of the Philippine Islands (audiencia territorial), heretofore
administered in thecityof Manila, the exercise of whose jurisdiction has been suspended
as to criminal affia,irs since August 13, 1898, and as to civil affairs since January 80, 1899, is
hereby reestablished and will exercise the jurisdictson, civil and criminal, which it pos-
sessed prior to August 18, 1898, in so far as compatible with the supremacy of the United
States in said islands, and will administer the laws recognized as continuing in force by
proclamation from these headquarters dated August 14, 1898, except in so far as they have
been, or may hereafter be, modified by authority of the United States.
.III. The following appointments are announced:
President (presidente), D. Cayetano Arellano.
CIVIL BRANCH ( SALA DE LO CIVIL).
President (presidente), D. Manuel Araullo. Associate justices (magistrados), D. Gre-
gorio Araneta, Lieut. Col. E. H. Crowder, judge advocate, U. S. V.
CRIMINAL BRANCH (SALA DE LO CRIMINAL).
President (presidente), D. Raymundo Melliza. Associate justices (magistrados),
D Ambrosio Rianzares, D, Julio Llorente. Maj. R. W. Young, Utah Volunteer Light
Artillery, Capt. W. E. Birkhimer, Third U. S. Artillery.
attorneys (ministerio fiscal).
Attorney of the supreme court ( fiscal de la audiencia territorial ), D. Florentino
Torres. Assistant attorney (teniente fiscal), D. Dionisio Chanco.
The appointment of subordinate officials of this court will be announced later. _
IV The supreme court as above constituted will meet upon the call of its president
at the earliest practical date for the purpose of organizing and for the formulation of
such recommendations relating to its procedure under United States authority as may
be deemed by it advisable. ^ . . x . , ^^ ^ ^ •
The officers herein named and all others who may be appointed hereafter to act in
any capacity in connection with the administration of courts of justice in these islands
will, before entering upon the discharge of their official duties, subscribe and take the
following :
OATH OF office.
I „^ . having been appointed in the Philippine Islands, recognize and
accept the supreme authority of the United States of America. And I do solemnly swear
that I will maintain good faith and fidelity to that Government; that I will obey the
existing laws which rule in the Philippine Islands, as well as the legal orders and decrees
of the duly constituted government therein ; that I impose upon myself this voluntary
obligation without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion, and will well and
faithfully discharge the duties of the office upon which I am about to enter, bo help me
God.
The prescribed oath may be administered by the judge of the provost court of Manila,
or by such other officers as may be designated for that purpose by proper authority.
By command of Major General Otis.
•^ Thomas H. Barry,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 517
General Orders, ) Office United States Military Governor
No. 21. J IN THE Philippine Islands,
Manila, P. J., June 5, 1899.
The courts of first instance of the province of Manila and the courts of the peace
heretofore held in the city of Manila, P. I., are hereby reestablished and will exercise the
jurisdiction, civil and criminal, possessed by them prior to August 18, 1898, in so far as
compatible with the supremacy of the United States in the Philippine Islands and the
exercise of military government therein, and will administer the laws recognized as
continuing in force by proclamation from these headquarters dated August 14, 1898,
except in so far as these laws have been, or hereafter may be modified by authority of
the United States.
The division of the province of Manila into the four judicial districts of Binondo,
Tondo, Quiapo, and Intramuros, as such districts existed prior to August 18, 1898, is con-
tinued. The territorial jurisdiction of the justice of the peace in each of these districts
shall be coextensive with that of the court of first instance therein.
The following appointments are announced for courts of first instance :
DISTRICT OF BINONDO.
Judge, D. Antonio Majarreis ; district attorney, D. Perfecto Gabriel.
DISTRICT OF TONDO.
Judge, D. Basilio Regalado Mapa ; district attorney, D. Jos6 Ner,
DISTRICT OF QUIAPO.
Judge, D. Hipolito Magsalin ; district attorney, D. Vicente Rodriguez.
DISTRICT OF INTRAMUROS.
Judge, D. Jose Baza Enriquez ; district attorney, D. Lucio Villarreal.
The following for the j ustice courts :
DISTRICT OF BINONDO.
Justice of the peace, D. Jos6 M. Memije ; substitute, D, Ramon Manalac Alberto.
DISTRICT OF TONDO.
Justice of the peace, D. Pedro Ricafort ; substitute, D. Ignacio Ver de la Cruz.
DISTRICT OF QUIAPO.
Justice Of the peace, D. Martiniano Veloso : substitute, D. Claudio Gabriel.
DISTRICT OF INTRAMUROS.
Justice of the peace, D. Jos6 Martinez Quintero; substitute, D. Jos6 del Castillo.
The following appointments in the supreme court of the Philippine Islands are
hereby announced :
Secretary of civil branch, D. Roman Espiritu.
Secretary of criminal branch. D. Ramon Fernandez.
Assistant attorneys, D. Tomas G. Del Rosario, D. Antonio Constantino.
Secretary of the flscalia, I). Bartalome Revilla.
The secretaries of the court above appointed shall receipt to Lieut. Col. E. H. Crowder,
judge advocate, U. S. V., for records and property pertaining to their respective
branches of the court.
The division of the city and province of Manila into two districts for the purpose of
registering titles to property, as such districts existed prior to August 18, 1898, is con-
firmed, and the following appointments of registrars for the same announced ;
Registrar for the north district, D. Simplicio del Rosario.
Registrar for the south district, D. Francisco Ortigas.
By command of Major General Otis :
Thomas H. Barry,
Assistant Adjutant General.
General Orders, ) Office of the United States Military Governor
No. 22 J IN THE Philippine Islands.
Manila, P. J., Ju7ie 17, 1899.
I. The supreme court of the Philippine Islands and the courts of first instance and
of the peace for the province of Manila, reestablished in General Orders Nos. 20 and 21,
current series, this office, are announced as open and in the exercise of their j urisdiction,
civil and criminal, on and after Wednesday, June 21, 1899. The sessions of the supreme
court will be held in the building known as the "audiencia ;" those of the courts of first
instance and of the peace in the building known as the "Casa de la Moneda," Intra-
miuros.
II. The jurisdiction of the courts specified in Paragraph I of this order, and of other
civil courts which may hereafter be reestablished, shall not extend to and include
Hosted by
Google
518 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
crimes and offenses, committed by either citizens of or persons sojodrning within the
Philippine Islands, which are prejudicial to the military administration and discipline,
except by authority specially conferred by the military governor. Jurisdiction to try
and award punishment in the class of cases designated remains vested in provost
courts, courts-martial, or military commissions.
By command of Major General Otis:
Thomas H. Barky,
Assistant Adjutant GeneraL
These orders were followed by others abolishing useless offices and methods of pro-
cedure, prescribing rules under which attorneys could be admitted to practice, in put-
ting in force an amended notarial law, and announcing the appointment of notaries
and other court officers. The court of the audiencia took up at once unfinished business
and the hearing and deciding of appeal civil causes. It has worked industriously and
conscientiously under the able leadership of the president, and I doubt if any former
Philippine tribunal has ever displayed equal legal ability. Some friction attended the
running of the minor courts, which has been greatly reduced and has about ceased
under special provisions of orders issued to meet varying conditions. The jurisdiction
and punishing power of the superior provost court has been extended to meet cases of
fraud involving the public revenue. All of these tribunals have succeeded in accom-
plishing the objects for which they were established beyond my expectation, and will, I
am convinced, lay the foundation upon which to build an able and satisfactory judi-
ciary for the islands when peace shall succeed war.
Two of the three civilian members of the so-called peace commission, which was
appointed early in January, arrived on March 5th, and the third, Colonel Denby, on
April 2d, two days after our troops had entei^ed the insurgent capital of Malolos. The
first meeting was held on Mg^rch 20th, when an organization was effected and its pre-
siding officer, President Schurman, was requested to prepare an address to the Filipino
people, to be issued as a proclamation, expressive of the desire and intentions of the
United States Government in taking control of the islands. This he did, and the paper
which hesubsequently presented was pron6unced excellent in tone and most admirably
indicative of the liberal and humane policy which it was understood by all that the
United States intended to adopt. It was unanimously decided to t3rint, publish, post,
and disseminate as much as possible among the inhabitants under insurgent domina-
tion this address, printing the same in the English, Spanish, and Tagalo languages.
This was done, but scarcely had it been posted in Manila twenty-four hours before it was
so torn and mutilated as to be unrecognizable It suffered the same fate as the procla-
mation of January 4th, set out heretofore in this report ; but it produced a marked ben-
eficial influence on the people, especially those outside our lines, as it carried with it a
conviction of the United States' intentions, on account of the source from which it
emanated, it being an expression from a committee of gentlemen specially appointed to
proclaim the policy which the United States would pursue.
So pernicious to insurgent interests was its effect that Aguinaldo or his officers took
measures to repress it wherever it was possible for them to do so. It is still the subject
of discussion, and insurgents of influence have recently expressed a willingness to
accept its terms and abide by its promises could they be assured that Congress would
redeem them. This commission will probably very soon report its proceedings, investi-
gations, conclusions, and recommendations, if it has not already done so. Though a
member, I found it impossible to attend many of its sessions, and am ignorant of the
scope or particulars of its labors. Its members, especially Colonel Denby and Professor
Worcester, who remained here until their very recent recall, were of great assistance in
strengthening the confidence of our native friends in the promises and good intentions
of the United States with regard to the country, and aided me in many >vays by counsel
and by their investigations of practical subjects which were presented for determina-
tion.
The shipment of Spanish prisoners of war was taken up in earnest as soon as the rat-
ification of the Paris treaty was officially communicated; also the settlement of prop-
erty rights between Spain and the United States, upon which extended argument was
indulged in as to the meaning of treaty provisions which must determine ownership.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 519
There were also involved the rights of many private citizens who had invested in unde-
livered Spanish bonds of a late issue, which had been retained in the treasury or who
had deposited with the Spanish Governnient money or securities for the performance of
obligations assumed. Under a mutual agreement boards of officers to consider all ques-
tions of disagreement or on which antagonistic opinion was held were appointed by the
resident authorities of the two nations interested, Spain also appointing a special liqui-
dation committee of her citizens to present her interests an matters of a strictly civil
nature. The labors of these boards were very great and extended over a period of several
months. The United States board was convoked in the following order :
A board of officers, to consist of Maj. Charles McClure, chief paymaster of the depart-
ment; Maj. C. U. Gantenbein, Second Oregon, U. S. V., and Second Lieut. M. A.Hildreth,
First North Dakota, U. S. V.. is hereby appointed to meet and confer with a committee
named by his excellency Division General Diego de los Rios y Nicalau, Spanish army,
for the purpose, as stated, of clearing the accounts of the Spanish Government in the
Philippines. The board will determine upon some definite course of procedure by which
the Spanish committee can have access to all records and documents now in possession
of the United States authorities which it may desire to consult, and will arrange there-
for. No property or records can be delivered until the proposed treaty receives validity
through ratification, and the board will continue its sessions anticipating that event
when definite instructions looking to a settlement of public affairs, judicial and execu-
tive, can be conveyed. The board will ascertain fully the desires of the committee as to
the nature and full extent of its desired action and give it every possible facility con-
sistent with the present status of affairs.
Membership in this board was frequently changed, owing to emergencies of service.
All of the original members were sooner or later relieved and substitution made. Lieu-
tenant Colonel Miley taking the place of Major McClure, and the former, an officer of
very marked ability, who died in September, was succeeded by Lieutenant Colonel Hull
of the judge advocate's department, through resulting seniority. The duties of the
board are approaching completion, and probably it can be dissolved soon. It was found
necessary to give it broad latitude of action, and on April 22d was empowered to admin-
ister oaths and take testimony in matters over which it was authorized to exercise juris-
diction, either by way of investigation or arbitrament. Questions of property rights
upon which agreements could not be reached were referred for instructions. The more
important of these were submitted to Washington for authoritative decision, and a con-
struction of the meaning of the treaty provisions was obtained, which served as a rule
for future guidance. The accompanying brief report of this board shows the character
and general scope of its action, with its conclusions, but not the varied details of pro-
ceedings, which were exhaustive on all subjects presented for consideration.
At an early date there were presented claims of corporations which had obtained and
were operating under Spanish concessions, for payment for public services, losses accru-
ing for lack of protection as promised in those concessions, or for damages to property
inflicted by both insurgents and United States representatives ; also very many claims
from business houses and private individuals for destruction, loss, damage, or retention
of their property, whether occasioned by the insurgents or our troops. Minor ones of
undoubted validity were adjusted and paid from public funds, but those in which
doubtful questions of legal obligations arose have been held in abeyance. To give atten-
tion to all claims presented it was finally necessary to organize a board of claims, and
the following order was issued :
Special Orders, | Office United States Military Governor
No. 3. J in the Philippine Islands,
Manila, P. I., April 18, 1899.
A board of officers is hereby appointed to consider and pass upon such claims against
the United States Government, preferred by parties resident or otherwise in the Philip-
pine Islands, and arising by reason of United States occupation, as may be submitted to
it from this office for investigation and opinion. It will be guided in its decisions by
the rules of interpretation adopted by this office in its past consideration of demands of
this nature, in so far as they be applicable to circumstances and conditions. The board
will meet to-morrow, the 19th instant, at 10 o'clock a. m., or as soon thereafter as practic-
able, at the office of the judge advocate of the Department of the Pacific, for the purpose
of organization and fixing upon methods of procedure to govern its deliberations; and
thereafter it will hold its sessions at such times and places as the presiding officer may
announce :
Hosted by
Google
520 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Detail for the board: Lieut. Col. E. H. Crowder, judge-advocate, U. S. V,; Maj. C. U.
Gantenbein, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry; Capt. H. A. Greene, Twentieth United
States Infantry ; Capt. J. G. Ballance, Twenty-second United States Infantry.
By command of Major General Otis :
Thomas H. Barry,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Membership in this board has been changed occasionally as circumstances compelled,
but the senior member is still serving thereon. It formulated and published rules to
govern its proceedings and for the information of all persons who desired to submit
claims and by which they were to be guided in the preparation and submission of the
same.
Sixty-four claims, aggregating $605,000 (Mexican money), were received from residents
of southern Luzon and for the most part Manila, and mostly involving the burning and
looting of abandoned houses in the battles of February 5th and 22d at Manila. Few of
this character appear to possess merit and are poorly sustained by proof of facts. Sev-
eral asking for the return of property which was captured in the enemy's country or
which was seized by our men for convenience of transportation have been adjusted with-
out difficulty. The destruction of private property as a necessary Incident of war in
driving the insurgents from their defensive positions In the suburbs of Manila is a ques-
tion involved in passing upon most of these demands. Twenty-flve claims, aggregating
$1,338,116 (Mexican), have been received from Iloilo. They are defectively and carelessly
drawn and very indefinite as to details. Only in a few cases is proof of ownership of
property submitted. All but two call for damages to property incident to the forcible
occupation of the city by our troops on February Uth last, when the insurgents upon
retiring burned a considerable portion of it. One of the two exceptions is a claim for
$6,000 presented by a Spaniard through the consular office, because of the seizure of his
printing establishment, after abandonment, wherein was printed a scurrilous newspaper,
violently incendiary and abusive to the United States while our troops occupied Iloilo
Harbor, before the seizure of the city. The other is also a demand for $6,000 from a
Spaniard for the destruction of his boat and cargo by the United States Steamship Ben-
nington while believed to be engaged in illicit trade. Mostly all others of these claims
are based on the alleged responsibility of the United States to pay damages to the several
owners of property destroyed in the Iloilo fire set by the insurgents upon forced evacua-
tion, because of the fact that the United States began the attack on the city before the
expiration of time announced in the notice to residents that it would commence, thus
depriving them of the opportunity to remove or place their property which was des-
troyed in better condition for preservation. The action of the Army and Navy, which
constitutes the chief argument of the claimants for the legal validity of their demands,
has been set out heretofore in this report. All but two of these claimants are subjects of
foreign counlries.
Under War Department instructions giving protection to the owners of patents and
copyrights issued by the United States, the following directions were published ;
I. The offices of patents, of copyrights, and of trade-marks, heretofore administered
as separate bureau of the "Director General de Administracion Civil," are hereby con-
solidated into a single office, to be known as the Office of Patents, Copyrights, and
Trade-marks, and placed in charge of Capt. George P. Ahern, Ninth U. S. Infantry, who
will receipt to the Spanish authorities for all records, documents and property pertain-
ing thereto.
II. The duties enjoined in Circular No. 12, division of customs and insular affairs, in
reference to the filing here of patents and trade-marks issued In the United States and
duly registered in the United States Patent Office, and all duties which, under the laws
relating to patents, copyrights, and trade-marks applicable to the Philippines, pertained
to the "Director General dc Administracion Civil" and his subordinates, are hereby
devolved upon the officer in charge of the office of patents, copyrights, and trade-marks
above designated ; all matters of administration arising in that office which, under
those laws, required the action of any higher authority thari the " Director General de
Administracion Civil " will be forwarded for consideration and action to the office of the
United States military governor in the Philippines.
III. So much of Article 27 of the royal decree of October 26, 1888, regulating the con-
cession and use of trade-marks, as requires reference to the Real Sociedad Economica of
industrial marks, designs, or models presented for registration, for investigation and
report as to whether such marks, designs, or models are already in use or are the prop-
erty of third persons, is hereby suspended.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 521
The business of this bureau has been active, requiring the work of an interpreter and
two clerks under the constant supervision of Captain Ahern. It required him to collect
and file all former Spanish records obtainable on this subject, some of which were kept
in Spain, and now the office is running vsmoothly comparatively. Every mail from the
United States brings many certified patents for file and the exacted fee of $1 for filing
more than pays the office expenses.
In Manila and a few other cities where our troops are stationed to give inhabitants
protection schools have been established Parents and children are eager for primary-
school instruction and are very desirous to acquire a speaking knowledge of the English
language. In the city of Manila more than five thousand children are attending these
schools, which are maintained at a cost of nearly 10,000 Mexican dollars a month.
Instructors are drawn from the former Spanish and Filipino teachers, augmented by
Americans, some of whom are discharged men from volunteer organizations and some
from those who came to the islands on account of individual desire. The superintend-
ent is a former soldier who had considerable experience in this profession in the United
States. Many applications for positions as teachers are received through mailed com-
munications and from persons who, if the references furnished can be relied on, would
render valuable services here, but it will require time to firmly establish this educational
plant. The higher education which the islands have hitherto enjoyed, as well as that of
a minor character, has been entirely under the control of the religious orders and has
centered in Manila. The Dominican order, rich in landed estates acquired through a
series of years, inaugurating its educational policy under royal assistance, money con-
tributions, and decrees when the educational field was entirely in the possession of the
clergy, and seizing on by degrees to the educational institutions and scientific schools
organized by the Jesuits under royal protection and conducted with funds from indi-
vidual testators after that order had been driven from the islands, built up the Univer-
sity of Manila and gradually incorporated in it these Jesuit foundations. Great eflfort
was made to sever them from Dominican authority by recent statesmen of advanced
ideas, but without success, and now the leading Filipinos demand that severence and a
return to State supervision. Much time and labor in historical research has been
expended by Lieutenant Colonel Crowder of the law department in the investigation of
these matters, and his able reports of past and present conditions and legal conclusions
derived therefrom have so presented the subject that radical action can be taken in
some instances and has been determined upon. The Archbishop of Manila, who, I am
informed, is a member of the Dominican order, has served parole notice that he will
strenuously oppose such action and has been invited to submit his protest at an early
date.
In our last allusion to the Sulu Archipelago it was stated that the occupation of Jolo
by our troops on May 19th and the friendly relations established between them and the
representative Moros placed affairs there in a very satisfactory condition for future
negotiations, which were conducted by Brigadier General Bates. The islands of the
archipelago, that of Basilan, and those of Palawan and Balabac, were localities of con-
cern. In Palawan, where Spain maintained a resident governor and to which she had
transported some of her state criminals, the Tagalo had succeeded. The Spanish gov-
ernor had been murdered and all prisoners released. At Balabac a very important
lighthouse had been established, which was necessary to the safe navigation of those
waters. At Basilan a naval station of some importance had been built up. Our Navy
looked after all matters connected with the Palawan Islands in so far as keeping aflTairs
there in check were concerned ; reestablished the light at Balabac, where it had dis-
persed and driven off' with loss an attacking party of natives and where it keeps a
small detachment of men, and has closely watched Basilan and the near city of Zam-
boanga. Conditions may be inferred from instructions given on July Bd and 11th to
General Bates, who was sent to the Sulu Archipelago to propose terms of agreement to
the Moros, who had become very importunate to be informed of the meaning of our
occupation of the islands, and to explain United States intentions. They are as follows:
Hosted by
Google
522, ^OREGON' VOLUNTEERS .in; SPA-NISH WAR.
Office Mit.itaky Goveknok in the Philippine Islands,
Manila, P. J., Julij 3, 1899.
Gen. J. C. Bates, U. S. V.,
Manila, I*. I.
General: In compliance with orders this day issued directing you to proceed to the
Jolo Archipelago, there to execute specific instructions to be communicated by the
department commander, you will proceed as soon as practicable to the United States
military station of Jolo, on the island of that name, and there place yourself in com-
munication With the Sultan of Jolo, who is believed to bp at ISiassi, where he was
sojourning when the last information concerning him was received.
You are hereby appointed and constituted an agent on the part of the United States
military authorities in the Philippines, to discuss, enter into negotiations, and perfect,
if possible, a written agreement of character and scope as hereinafter explained, with
the Sultan, which upon approval at these headquarters and confirmation by the
supreme exectitive authority of the United States, will prescribe and control the future
relations, social and political, between the United States Government and the inhab-
itants of the archipelago. The written memoranda herewith furnished you, which
mention cursorily and very briefly the past political status and recent history of those
people in so far as their domestic and political relations with other nations are con-
cerned; which present suggestions and recommemdations, contained in the remarks
and speculations of persons who have been personally acquainted with them, as to the
proper policy of control or supervision which should be adopted by the United States
in its dealings with their native authorities; which give the extent and results of con-
tact and relationship with them thus far developed on the part of the United States
through its military agency established in the port of Jolo, will enable you to under-
stand the character and difficulties of the labor with which you are charged.
By reference to these memoranda you will perceive that in your discussions with the
Sultan and his datos the question of sovereignty will be forced to the front, and they
will undoubtedly request an expression of opinion thereon, as they seem to be impressed
apparently with the belief that the recent Spanish authorities with whom they were in
relationship have transferred full sovereignty of the islands to them. The question is
one which admits of easy solution, legally considered, since by the terms of treaties or
protocols between Spain and European powers (those referred to in the memoranda)
Spanish sovereignty over the archipelago is conceded. Under the agreement between
Spain and the Sul tan and datos of July, 1878, the latter acknowledged Spanish sovereignty
in the entire archipelago of Jolo and agreed to become loyal Spanish subjects, receiving
in consideration certain specific payments in money. The sovereignty of Spain, thus
established and acknowledged by all parties in interest, was transferred to the United
States by the Paris treaty. The United States has succeeded to all the rights which
Spain held in the archipelago, and Its sovereignty over the same is an established fact.
But the inquiry arises as to the extent to which that sovereignty can be applied under
the agreement of 1878 with the Moros. Sovereignty, of course, implies full power of
political control, but is not incompatible with concessionary grants between sovereign
and subject. The Moros acknowledged through their accepted chiefs Spanish sovereignty
and their subjection thereto, and that nation in turn conferred upon their chiefs certain
powers of supervision over them and their aflUirs. The kingly prerogatives of Spain,
thus abridged by solemn concession, have descended to the United States, and condi-
tions existing at the time of transfer should remain. The Moros are entitled to enjoy
the identical privileges which they possessed at the time of transfer, and to continue to
enjoy them until abridged or modified by future mutual agreement between them and
the United States, to which they owe loyalty, unless it becomes necessary to invoke the
exercise of supreme powers of sovereignty to meet emergencies. You will therefore
acquaint yourself thoroughly with the terms of the agreement of 1878, and take them as
a basis for your directed negotiations.
Possibly you will discover that the Sultan and datos are laboring under the mistaken
Impression that Spain, upon withdrawing recently her military forces from the islands,
reconveyed sovereignty to them. This claim on their part is mentioned in the memo-
randum citing the action of the Uniten States troops at Jolo, and may be seriously
entertained by them, because of the reported Spanish action in placing them in posses-
sion of Siassi, accompanied by promisees to likewise turn over Jolo. If they seriously
entertain such an illusion, it will require tact and adroitness to dispel it, and a discus-
sion of the United States' benevolent intentions, and its wish to establish friendly
relations with them in order to carry out those intentions, should precede any decided
attempt at correction.
The territorial extent of the Jolo Archipelago, as authoritatively established, is set out
in the accompanying memoranda in all essential particulars, except as to the island of
Basllan, where Spain maintained an important naval station, which is still in existence,
though not yet in United States actual possession. You will make inquiry with regard
to this island and ascertain if the Sultan claims any authority over it, conceding noth-
ing, however, on the point as to the right of absolute control on the part of the United
States. The naval station is closely connected with Zamboanga, over which and the
adjacent country Spain exercised complete supervision. The Sultan and datos have
exacted tribute from Cagayan-Jolo and Balabac, and, in fact, from southern Palawan ;
also, when possible, from other islands which Spain owned absolutely for more than
three hundred years. Hence, the fact of taking tribute is not proof of a legal right to do
so. Palawan and Balabac are not considered to be portions of the archipelago, though
it may not be policy to attempt to determine with the Sultan, at present, any question
of ownership which may arise in discussion. Spain maintained a governor in Palawan,
and shore accessories, such as lighthouse, etc., with some form of supervisory government
in Balabac. The United Statesdemands with regard to these islands will be announced
when the result of practical investigation now being pursued is ascertained. It may be
well, therefore, to avoid presenting this matter to the Sultan or liis representatives in
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEEKS IN SPANISH WAR. 523
these directed preliminary negotiations, and shonld he advance it, policy dictates that '
time should be requested to arrive at a knowledge of facts.
It is greatly desired by the United Btates tor the sake of the individual improvement
and social advancement of the Moros, and for the development of the trade and agricul-
ture of the islands in their interests, also for the welfare of both the United States and
Moros, that mutual friendly and well-detined relations be established. If the Sultan can
be made to give credit to and tally understand the intentions of the United States, the
desired result can be accomplished. The United States will accept the obligations of
Spain under the agreement of 1878 in the matter of money annuities, and in proof of
sincerity you will offer as a present to the Sultan and datos $10,000, Mexican, with which
you will be supplied before leaving for Jolo— the same to be handed over to them, respec-
tively, in amounts agreeing with the ratio of payments made to them by the Spanish
(jrovernment for their declared services. From the 1st of September next, and thereafter,
the United States Avill pay to them regularly the sums promised by Spain in its agree-
ment of 1878, and in any subsequent promises of which proof can be furnished.
The United States will promise in return for the concessions to be hereinafter men-
tioned, not to interfere with, but to protect the Moros in the free exercise of their religion
and customs, social and domestic, and will respect the rights and dignities of the Sultan
and his advisers. It promises not to interfere in their affairs of internal economy and
political administration further than to respond to their requests for assistance or to
render supervisory action through advice and instruction in those special features of
administration connected with the development of trade and agricultural resources, and
the metliods of conducting and employing the same for the improvement and efficiency
of government. It agrees to insure to the Sultan and his people the enjoyment of these
rights and privileges against all foreign nations, and will declare all trade of the Sultan
and his people with any portion of the Philippine Islands conducted under the American
flag free, unlimited, and undutiable. It demands, of course, the right to exercise control
over the places within its actual occupation.
In return for the promised assurances the Sultan and his chiefs, acknowledging the
sovereignty of the United States, should stipulate to permit that Government to occupy
and control such points in the islands as the execution of the obligations which it
assumes make necessary, whether for naval or military operations agaitist foreign aggres-
sion or to disperse attempted piratical excursions. They will agree to accept and fly on
occasions, and continuously, the American flag as the emblem and proof of United States
sovereignty. They should promise to give a loyal support to the United States to main-
tain the integrity and peace ot the archipelago, not to permit acts of piracy by their peo-
ple on its waters, and to assist the United States Government to suppress and abolish
this crime by whomsoever attempts to commit it, whether American, inhabitant, or
alien. They should agree to deliver to the United States authorities for trial and punish-
ment all persons, other than those of their own people, whom they arrest on the charge
of committing crimes or misdemeanors. They should stipulate to prohibit the purchase
by or the delivery to their people of rifles or war materials, as the possession of them has
a tendency to stir up strife among their separate communities and to destroy the peace
of the islands, which, for the welfare of all parties concerned, should be maintained.
Should the Sultan and his datos request assistance by way of instruction, through
competent American representatives, to improve port regulations and conveniences in
the interest of commerce or to build up agriculture and increase merchantable products
in the islands, or to instruct the rising generation of Moros in industrial and mechanical
pursuits through the medium ot schools or practical appliances, the United States will
gladly respond. It will endeavor to select the proper individuals to go among and
associate with them tx) impart constant valuable information in all such' matters — the
necessities of which for the growth in riches and the well being of all inhabitants of the
islands should be impressed upon the Sultan and his j^rincipal advisers.
All these and other subjects of minor significance, which will suggest themselves to
you in the progress of the negotiations, when conditions will be better understood, are
for your consideration and appropriate action.
Any agreement which you may be able to effect will be of force only upon approval
and ratification by superior authority, and this must be distinctly understood and so
stated in the instrument. The agreement will be subject to future modifications by the
mutual consent of all parties in interest.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. S. Otis,
Major General, U. 8. V., Military Governor.
Office United States Militaky Goveknor
IN THE Philippine Islands,
Manila, P. I., July 11, 1899.
Gen. J. C, Bates, U. S. V., Manila, P. I.
General: Referring to instructions of the 3d instant in the matter of the directed
conference having in view the execution of an agreement with the Sultan of Jolo, it is
considered expedient to modify slightly, in certain particulars, those instructions and
to state somewhat more specifically objects which it is desired to attain.
By an investigation of the records in the Manila archives to discover the meaning
and extent of certain stipulations in the agreements made from time to time by and
between the Spanish authorities and the Sultan, which establish condition of trade
in the Archipelago and announce the status of the Sultan, it is discovered that these con-
ditions and status are very varying, and it can not be ascertained. In fact, it is a con-
clusion to be drawn from the records, that Spain never announced nor conceived a defi-
nite, fixed policy of control over the archipelago which looked to improvement and
permanency. Its frequent recorded actions seem to have been the result of a desire to
Hosted by
Google
524 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
temporarily meet difficulties growing out of som.e strained relationship with the Moros
existing at the time, accompanied by the evident fixed purpose to maintain a sufficient
number of troops in the archipelago to show to Europe that occupation in fact which
would demonstrate Spanish sovereignty.
By no other conclusion can the varying stipulations of executed agreements between
Spain and the Moros be accounted for. They are not explained in any recorded corres-
pondence, and conditions existing at the dates they were entered into warrant the belief
at which we have arrived. It will be seen that the Sultan and his datos are at one time
given all the revenues ; that Spain permits the Sultan to collect all revenues at ports in
actual Spanish occupation, notwithstanding its treaties with European powers permit
it to levy duties at such ports, and that Spain's entire action deprives it of money
receipts, but imposes upon her continual heavy expenditures for only simple nominal
occupation of a few ports. Neither has Spain ever attempted to lay the foundation for
any reforms looking to the future collection of revenues to meet any of the outlay,
whether by the development of trade or improvement of natural resources. The pursuit
of such a policy, if policy it can be called, is suicidal to the interests of the supervising
country and the interests of the people supervised. The United States should seek to
adopt a policy which, if devoid of immediate national benefit, promises benefical results
both in the matter of revenue (that is, revenue to meet the necessary outlaying expendi-
tures) and at the same time will be attended by the improvement of the educational
and social conditions of the inhabitants and the development of their country in trade
and agricultural resources ~ that is, a policy which will be mutually advantageous to all
parties concerned.
It is therefore important to make somewhat more specific the former instructions
and to modify them in certain particulars, as follows:
It is quiet important that the United States shall occupy the principal distributing
centers of trade, to build up and develop a revenue and to supervise that development.
This the Spanish treaties with foreign powers permit. Siassi should be occupied by our
troops at no distant day and two or three other important points. This necessity you
will keep in view in your negotiations and will show the Sultan the blessings which
would be conferred upon his people by intelligent establishment and development.
In declaring "air trade of the Sultan and his peojile with any portion of the Philip-
pine Islands, conducted under the American fiag, free, unlimited, and undutiable," care
must be taken to guard against the possibility of the introduction of foreign commerce
into the archipelago and thence into other Philippine ports without paying the pre-
scribed duties. It is only the products of the archipelago which can have the benefits of
interisland commerce.
While the Sultan might be supported and may receive revenue from certain avenues,
pearl fisheries, etc., which he is now enjoying, there should be some understanding as to
future revenues to be derived from a newly-constructed and increasing trade in foreign
products. Negotiations should look to the establishment of a financial and commercial
system based upon modern methods, which, while not destructively antagonistic to
present conditions, can be developed upon lines consistent with modern practices.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
E. S. Otis,
Major General, U, S. V., Military Governor.
General Bates had a difficult task to perform and executed it with tact and ability.
While a number of the principal datos were favorably inclined, the Sultan, not respond-
ing to invitations, kept aloof and was represented by his secretary, until finally, the
general appearing at Maibung, the Moro capital, a personal interview was secured. He
being also Sultan of North Borneo and receiving large annual payments from the
North Borneo Trading Company, expected like returns from the United States, and
seemed more anxious to obtain personal revenue than benefits for his people. Securing
the port of Siassi from the Spaniards, establishing there his guards and police, he had
received customs revenues from the Sandaken trade which he was loath to surrender.
Negotiations continued well into August, and finally, after long conferences, an agree-
ment was reached by w^hich the United States secured much more liberal terms than the
Spaniards were ever able to obtain. Full reports of the conferences have been duly for-
warded, together with the agreement proposed for authoritative action. It is believed
that if peace can be maintained a trade can be built up which will prove highly benefi-
cial to both the United States and the Moro people and will be the means of opening
avenues through which a more advanced civilization can be developed in these islands.
The population of the Sulu Archipelago is reckoned at one hundred and twenty
thousand, mostly domiciled in the island of Jolo, and numbers twenty thousand fight-
ing men. Hostilities would be unfortunate for all parties concerned, would be very
expensive to the United States in men and money, and destructive of any advancement
of the Moros for years to come. Spain's long struggle with these people and their dislike
for the former dominant race in the Philippines, inherited, it would seem, by each
rising generation during three centuries, furnishes an instructive lesson. Under the
pending agreement General Bates, assisted by the officers of the Navy, quietly placed
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 525
garrisons of one company each at Siassi and at Bongao, on the Tawi Tawi group of
islands, where they were well received by the friendly natives. With the approval of
the agreement, the only difficulty to a satisfactory settlement of the Sulu affairs will
arise from discontent on the part of the Sultan personally because of a supposed
decrease in anticipated revenues or the machinations of the insurgents of Mindanao,
who are endeavoring to create a feeling of distrust and hostility among the natives
against the United States troops.
The Sultan's government is one of perfect despotism, in form at least, as all political
power is supposed to center in his person ; but this does not prevent frequent outbreaks
on the part of the datos, who frequently revolt, and are now in two or three instances,
in declared enmity. All Moros, however, profess the Mohammedan religion, introduced
in the fourteenth century, and the sacred ness of the person of the Sultan is therefore a
tenet of faith. This fact would prevent any marked success by a dato in attempting to
secure supreme power. Spain endeavored to supplant the Sultan with one of Ms most
enterprising chiefs and signally failed. Peonage or a species of serfdom enters largely
into the social and domestic arrangements, and a dato's following or clan submits itself
without protest to his arbitrary will. The Moro political fabric bears resemblance to
the state of feudal times — the Sultan exercising supreme power by divine right, and his
datos, like the feudal lords, supporting or opposing him at will, and by force of arms
occasionally, but not to the extent of dethronement, as that would be too great a sacri"
lege for a Mohammedan people to seek to consummate. The United States must accept
these people as they are, and endeavor to ameliorate their condition by degrees, and the
best means to insure success appears to be through the cultivation of friendly sentiments
and the introduction of trade and commerce upon approved business methods. To
undertake forcible radical action for the amelioration of conditions or to so interfere
with their domestic relations as to arouse their suspicions and distrust would be attended
with unfortunate consequences.
The experience of the past year has conclusively demonstrated that the labors
demanded to organize, supply, command, and exchange an army actively engaged in
hostilities are small in comparison to those which are required to supervise the business,
social and political interests, and the individual rights of several millions of people
without established government or any existing rules of action excepting such as may
be imposed by military control. In the Philippines chaos, in so far as a civil adminis-
tration of public aflfairs is concerned, followed the overthrow of the despotism of Spain
and was succeeded throughout the islands by the rule of the sword, which has recently
been directed by a few unprincipled Tagalos, who have retained power thus far, although
it is gradually passing from their grasp, by deceiving the ignorant masses with the
assertion that the United States intended to enslave and destroy them, and with the
cry for independence and republican government. The experience of the people has
taught them that the rule of Spain was mild in comparison with this substituted
governing power, and the great majority of them— at least of those who are able to
reflect or who have property at stake — desire its destruction. Many are held in subjec-
tion by the armed bodies in their midst, and their lives and property would pay the
penalty of resistance should they attempt it either by word or act. During this political
transition business interests and individual property rights have been in jeopardy.
Incorpox'ated companies holding valuable concessions granted by Spain, business
houses which have made large money investments for the purpose of conducting trade
and commerce in these islands, vested property interests, recently acquired estates by
testanrient and descent, and those encumbered by naortgage or embargo, are fruitful
sources of continually recurring questions which require able civil administration and
the assistance of courts of justice with their auxiliary appliances to properly adjust,
but which have been thrust upon the military authorities for determination, together
with all matters of a criminal nature involving alleged fraudulent transactions which
demand speedy remedial action, as well as offenses of a more serious character. Fortu-
nately the large property interests held by corporations and business houses belong for
the most part to Europeans, and are to a certain extent respected by the insurgent
Hosted by
Google
526 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
goverriment through fear of incurring universal civilized condemnation kSIiouM it
destroy or openly appropriate them.
So, also, the foreign element of the population engaged in conducting trade are very
largely citizens of strong European governments, whose persons are comparatively
secure wherever in the islands they may wish to journey. Hence, it has been possible to
carry on trade whenever the interests of thelTnited States or the necessities of the large
Philippine population dwelling within tlie country of our occupation has demanded it.
Unfortunately, too, it might be said, this comparative security of person and property
incites the commercial classes to business activity and a desire for insurgent trade incom-
patible with war conditions, even though contraband does not materially enter; has occa-
sioned voluminous correspondence and incessant applications for trade permits, necessi-
tated constant watchfulness on the part of the army, and especially of the navy, and has
required at times needed unpleasant consequent action. The volume of trade, however,
for the year ending August 31st, has been quite large, and merchants have suffered inucli
less than is generally supposed. Of the three staple articles of the island, hemp, tobacco,
and sugar, only the latter shows a very marked depreciation in amounts secured and
exported. About the same quantity of hemp has been taken from the shipping ports
during the past as in the preceding year, and large exportations of tobacco have been
made. There still remain in the islands considerable quantities of both hemp and
tobacco, but Aguinaldo a short time since issued what was Called a decree, most injurious
to his interests, forbidding his Tagalo guards to permit, at the ports where they were
stationed, the entrance of any merchant vessel flying the American flag, and as all inter-
island commerce is carried on under that flag, his decree virtually terminated at all
points where his troops are maintained, with the rcsultthat the inhabitants are deprived
of rice and other necessary articles of food. The decree has caused discontent and suffer-
ing and has taken from the insurgents much of their revenue, while it has not affected
United States interests nor the inhabitants within our lines, as they are now well sup-
plied and will soon reap an abundant harvest from their crops, which they have planted
since United States protection has been given them.
So unpopular is this decree that the outside inhabitants declare that they will resist
its execution should American vessels appear in their harbors, but our experience thus
far is that a battalion of Tagalo guards can hold down many large communities of
unarmed natives. Merchants, if permitted, would take all the risks of inter-island trade
notwithstanding this restrictive decree and solemnly contract to suffer all losses attend-
ant upon their venture, which would sooner or later doubtless appear as claims from
marine insurance companies; but a wise policy dictates that trade facilitates should
remain for the present in the condition which Aguinaldo by his decree intended to place
them. He has acted under it in one instance only, and then in the case of a vessel
anchored in a port of western Luzon and which had sailed before it was known that the
decree had been issued. His troops seized the crew and cargo and when the navy went
to its relief burned the vessel and fired upon the rescuing party. The return fire of the
navy upon the entrenched insurgent troops has been publicly proclaimed from insur-
gent headquarters as an act of barbarous warfare which should be condemned by all
civilized nations.
The customs receipts (a fair index of the volume of trade) for the year ending August
31st were 17,783,000, currency of the country-— a larger amount than ever before received
in an equal portion of time, and this while we held the port of Iloilo for only six and
that of Cebu for but five months of the period.
In the matter of the public revenue, the United States has collected less than one hali
of the greatest total amount which Spain has drawn from the islands in a correspond-
ing length of time, for the reason that the extent of our occupation of territory has been
very limited and because some of its former most prolific sources of taxation have been
Ignored. The largest yearly amount which Spain ever received was a little less than
117,500,000, of which a little more than one third was derived from customs, one quarter
from the sale of "cedulas personales," or certificates of personal identity, which every
inhabitant was obliged to purchase, and about $1,200,000 from lotteries and gambling
Hosted by
Google
OREGON V0LUNTB:ERS in SPANISH WAR. 52
and the opium and cock-flgliting contractors. The $5,500,000 which Spain received from
cedillas, licensed gambling:, and contracts which the United States courts would liold
void on grounds of public policy, would in any event, even if all the islands had been
pacified and occupied, have been lost to us, as no attempts at collection Avould have
been made.
However, the c^dula tax might have yielded something, for although this is the most
hated by the natives of all taxes formerly imposed upon them, they desire the cedula,
as this simple means of identity is valuable to them in conducting business and when
journeying through the islands. In response to the expressed desire of the inhabitants
of Manila for this ticket, it was given on personal application at a nominal sum suffi-
cient to defray the cost of issuance, and over sixty thousand of them were distributed
in a short space of time from the Manila office of internal revenue. The annual rev-
enue of nearly a million of dollars received by Spain for convict labor, exclusive taxes
on Chinese residents, sales of public lands, profits of the mint, and local consumption
tobacco taxes could not be collected by the United States. So, also, the internal-revenue
collections on real estate, industries, and stamped paper have been confined to Manila
and Iloilo, and the yield therefrom has been but a fraction of the receipts which our
control of all the islands would have insured. The internal-revenue receipts during a
year of occupation of Manila, or from August 18, 1898, were $577,748. The grand total
of all public money receipts from every source for the year ending August 19, 1899, one
year from the date the United States took possession of the public offices in Manila
(August, 1898, yielding very small returns), amounted to $8,239,435, of which $7,790,692
were from customs alone. Larger returns from legitimate sources might have been
obtained, but it took time to adjust the machinery for collection, and long-existing
fraudulent practices have been indulged in. Heavy punishments have been meted out
when offenses have been detected, and the labor to improve the civil service is still being
diligently prosecuted.
Spain's system of taxation was very ingeniously devised in order to obtain all reve-
nue possible to cover the expenditures of administering the islands, but I believe that
every annual budget showed a deficit. With the restoration of peace and active busi-
ness conditions, the development of natural resources, the introduction of machinery
and practical business enterprises, the construction of railroads and highways, and
the encouragement of the people in profitable labor, I am convinced that trade and
commerce would be greatly increased and the amount of revenue doubled in a short
period of time, without imposing the burdens which were complained of during Span-
ish supremacy. Even in this season of war commerce has increased. For the five and
one half months ending with December last, seventy-seven foreign and two hundred and
sixty coast vessels entered and eighty foreign and two hundred and fifty-one coast ves-
sels cleared from our ports, making a total of six hundred and sixty-eight vessels, with
a total tonnage of six hundred and fifty-seven thousand seven hundred and forty tons ;
while for the six months ending with June last, one hundred and fifty-five foreign and
three hundred and sixty-seven coast vessels entered and one hundred and sixty-three
foreign and four hundred and nine coast vessels cleared, making a total of one thou-
sand and forty-nine and having a tonnage of one hundred and thirty-three thousand
nine hundred and thirty-five tons.
The most of the revenue received has been expended, both for war and civil purposes,
by a few selected disbursing officers, and every dollar has been accounted for. There
remained on August 31st, $1,364,085.39, nearly one half of which stood pledged to pay for
temporary barracks and hospitals for troops and for a large refrigerating plant to be
erected in Manila. All results of action taken in connection with the collection and
expenditure of the public revenue from the date of the capitulation of this city to June
30th last, the end of the fiscal year, are shown in the accompanying reports of the col-
lecting and disbursing officers, to which attention is invited.
The present current money of the islands consists of the Filipino dollar, of which
6,000,000 were sent from Spain in 1897, about 110,000,000 in subsidiary coins, eight or ten
millions of Mexican dollars, and $1,500,000 in bank notes of the Banco Espanol-Filipino.
Hosted by
Google
528 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
The former standard money was gold, consisting of Spanish "onzas" and the $1, $2,
and $4 gold pieces minted in Manila. All of these have been driven out of circulation by
the cheaper silver currency. The Banco Espanol-Filipino is the only bank which has
the power to make paper issue. Under Spanish concession and in return for loans made
to that Government, it was granted the privilege of issuing its notes amounting to three
times its capital stock of $1,500,000, and its paper dollar is considered the equivalent of
the Mexican silver dollar. The Spanish Government had representation in the manage-
ment of this bank, and recently the bank invited the United States authorities here to
avail itself of this privilege by the appointment of an accrejdited agent, which invitation
has been declined, as such action might be construed to be an acknowledgment on the
part of the United States of its obligation to recognize under treaty promises the validity
of the Spanish concession. The War Department has paid out in Manila United States
gold currency in considerable quantities, and it is believed that about iff3,000,000 from
these disbursements have been hoarded by the inhabitants- The money in circulation,
therefore, in the Philippines is less than $30,000,000 of silver, or the equivalent — a very
small sum to transact the volume of business; but then a large share of this trade
depends upon credit and the exchange of the country's products that comparatively
little money is required to conduct it. However, during the yearly periods of greatest
exportation money to move the crops becomes very scarce and rates of exchange high.
Exchange fluctuations were greater in Spanish times than at present, for in 1878 Spain
prohibited by decree the importation of Mexican dollars of a mintage later than the
date of the decree except under high duty payments and gave no substitute. This
induced smuggling from the foreign Asiatic ports, and the smuggler was paid a hand-
some profit for the hazard he encountered. The enterprise was brisk until money
became plentiful and exchange had again returned to a nominal figure.
When money was in great demand the price of the Mexican dollar was considerably
above its Hongkong value in gold and sold in Manila for from ten to fifteen per cent
more than its actual value. The currency of the country still fluctuates daily according
to the price of silver in the great money markets of the world and has no stable value.
This, however, appears to aflcct very little ordinary business unless purchases of mer-
chandise and services must be paid for in gold, when these fluctuations enter largely
into the calculations of profit and loss. The merchant who buys gold in Manila must
pay not only the rate of exchange, but the estimated cost of transporting the metal,
and if he wishes to convert gold into silver he must pay high exchange rates and the
cost of shipment of the Mexican dollar. The public revenue is paid in the currency of
the country, as is most expedient, else daily silver fluctuations would necessitate daily
difiicult calculations upon the gold value of the money offered at the various public
offices; but as it is for the most part expended here for services and on local contract
purchases the difliculties attending rates of exchange are not serious. The officers and
enlisted men of the Army who are paid in gold have been the principal suflTerers, as they
are obliged to exchange their gold for silver to meet their local payments. The two
established banks of the islands other than the Banco Espanol-Filipino, above men-
tioned, are branches of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation and the
Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China. These have been made depositories of
the public civil funds and generally make the money exchanges for the Army. For a long
time they allowed but two dollars silver for one in gold, but recently have arranged
for receiving gold deposits from disbursing officers on account and to make payments
thereon in gold. This entire question of the currency requires the mature deliberation
of our most eminent monetary authorities.
Of the islands of the Philippines which contain large populations and which furnish
valuable products for shipment to foreign marts, which engage largely in trade and in
which business interests of importance have been established, the United States have
not as yet taken possession of Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao, and none of Panay with
the exception of its chief city and surroundings. The southern and northern coasts of
Luzon, where hemp and tobacco are produced in large quantities, still remain subject
to insurgent dictation. When United States occupation of these islands and provinces
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 529
will beeflfected depends upon the arrival of troops in sufficient numbers to justify the
establishment of permanent garrisons.
Little difficulty attends the act of taking possession of and temporarily'' holding any
section of the countr5^ A column of three thousand men could march through and
successfully contend with any force which the insurgents could place in its route, but
they would close in behind it and again prey upon the inhabitants, persecuting without
mercy those who had manifested any friendly feeling toward the American troops. The
policy of the insurgent authorities has been to arm the bandits of the mountain sections
and the natives who have formerly lived on the proceeds of crime. Many of these men
have deserted the ranks, and now armed, plunder their countrymen who have property
or money without discrimination. If communities could be protected against this
source of danger and be assured of protection from the outrages which have been com-
mitted by the organized insurgent force, formidable opposition to American supremacy
would cease. The inhabitants have confidence in the American troops. Even the insur-
gent leaders take advantage of the humane and charitable policy which the United
States authorities have thus far pursued. They seek to place their families and property
in Manila, where a number of the families of the most noted of their chiefs are now
living in comfort and luxury, believing, notwithstanding their conduct and offenses,
which, under approved rules of war, would subject their families to removal and all
their property to confiscation, and which rules it may yet be to our interests to apply,
that they can pursue rebellion as long as they desire and in the end escape all punishment.
So confident are they of the nature and scope of American charity that their ill-gotten
gains — acquired through robbery, in fact, but under the guise of a pretended govern-
ment contending, they say, for liberty against oppression — are deposited in our banks
or are invested in our trade. And still, while they manifest this absolute confidence by
their individual acts, they publicly circulate the most malicious statements their active
imaginations can invent regarding United States intention and the horrors of war
which our troops indulge in. An active society in Hongkong, composed of their people
and certain Europeans retained under high pay, and in which American membership is
believed to exist, which feeds and fattens upon the corruption it is able to produce, fills
the islands and the world with its invented published statements of abuse. While they
fill the newspaper press with their false statements of atrocities committed by our
troops, their chief, Aguinaldo, writes :
We will never accept a treaty of peace dishonorable to the Filipino arms, and conse-
quently disastrous to the future of the country, which is what our enemies desire. For
this reason I advise all those who feel that they have not strength to make this sacrifice,
and whose services are not indispensable to our government, to return to the capital or
to the towns occupied by the enemy, reserving themselves in order to strengthen the
organization of the government when independence is gained. They can then take the
places of those who need rest after the fatigues of the struggle. I am not displeased that
some of the Filipinos have accepted positions from the Americans. On the contrary, I
am glad of it, for in that manner they can better appreciate the true American character.
I am still more glad because of the fact that our enemies having had recourse to B'ilipi-
nos for the discharge of the duties of high offices in the public administration, will dem-
onstrate that they acknowledge the capacity of the people to govern themselves.
While the Tagalo newspapers publish to the portion of their people still dominated
by the insurgents stories of insurgent prowess, and sum up American losses in battle to
date at an even twenty-six thousand, Aguinaldo publishes his proclamations, exhorting
the people to hold out until December, when the American Congress will surely grant
them independence under his leadership, against which all good Filipinos, I am certain
would most assuredly protest. On this line one of the principal members of the Hong-
kong junta writes:
Do you think that the country should deliver itself completely to the promises made
by those who call themselves representatives of that great Republic and great people
when we well know by the Constitution of the country that they can not be trusted,
because they are not authorized for that purpose and can not be except by the approval
of Congress? If this be so, is it not true that it is better to wait for Congress first to
determine the governmental regime to be established in our beloved country? On the
other hand, it is certain that if that struggle is not kept up the parties will unite and we
shall hereafter be treated as the negroes are. * * * And why not, then, my dear
friend, support that other party, in order that we gain recognition of our rights, with all
34
Hosted by
Google
530 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
the necessary guaraiitiew ? Otis and company offer but little security that the autonomy
oi- any other system of government which they establish there will be respected. I am
informed that there is not a countryman of ours who does not want peace, but they
want it on a basis of guaranties in favor of the people. , _
Even more; so just is our cause that, gaining sympathy, several European powers
have made official offers to provide us with everything we require ; but as we consider
the war which is being sustained is not against America, because we know that eighty
per cent of that great people, which on one occasion struggled for the independence
which it now enjoys, is in favor of us, but only against McKinley and his party. Other
offers made have not been accepted because we have complete assurance that very soon
the imperialist party will come to reason and will concede us the guaranties, etc.
So deep an impression have statements of this character made upon able Filipinos
who favor United States control and ar6 conscientiously laboring for its complete estab-
lishment that I am importuned by them for information as to the trend of United States
political affairs and to state if, in my opinion, they are finally to be surrendered to the
mercies of their insurgent countrymen.
The islands are flooded with the abusive literature which has birth in Asiatic ports
and is published in Spanish and native languages. What was ostensibly a private letter
prepared by a European who has never visited these islands, and which was written in
Hongkong, is circulated publicly by the Hongkong junta. Extracts therefrom read as
follows:
You and the Filipinos who aspire to peace in the form of autonomy believe the hol-
low words of the Yankees. You write me: "We have no people to govern ourselves.
That is the truth. We shall have them after ten years of American sovereignty."
I reply: We shall not have them in ten, twenty, or a hundred years, because the
Yankees will never acknowledge the aptitude of an inferior race to govern the country,
and as you know, under the heading of inferior races they class the Spaniards them-
selves. Do not dream that when American sovereignty is implanted in the country the
American officeholder will give up. Never! This is what w-ill happen : During the first
few years they will admit a few Filipinos, either because it is difficult for the Yankees to
learn at once the administration of the country, so different from America, or in order
to disarm for the moment the suspicion of the Americanist Filipinos. After those five
or ten years of apprenticeship they will tear off the mask with which they now dis-
semble their true object of goveruing the country exclusively by Anglo-Saxons, as they
have done with all countries which belonged, prior to Yankee dominatio^, to the Span-
ish Empire. With that proud scorn which characterizes the Yankee in his political
and social contact with colored people, they will close their ears to the complaints and
aspirations of the sons of the country, and will laugh at those who helped to bring the
country under the American yoke. „, - ., ^,.,- ■ ^
Yes my friend, the Americans have no intention of leaving the Philippines, and
once that sovereignty is recognized and the brave Filipino army disbanded they will
send to the Philippines swarms of genuine officeholders, who will treat the noble sons of
the country as they do the "colored gentlemen" in the United States. To the Yankees
yOu are only a "nigger," who in the present circumstances, full of difficulties for the
Yankees, is the object of a more or less perfectly simulated respect. But alas for you
when the day arrives when the Yankees will no longer need your help and cooperation !
Do not look for the Americans to do anything to assist the national progress of the
country- In America the Government takes no part in the education of the nation.
All education is the work of private individuals or associations. The Yankees have
absolutely no interest whatever in raising to a higher educational level the native
masses, both because the Government will not interest itself in such an enterprise, and
because such a policy would be contrary to the object of the American imperialist,
which is to convert the archipelago into a field for exploitation by trusts and office-
If the Filipinos accept American sovereignty with a halt and blind autonomy, if they
permit the United States to seize the offices of the country and make these sacrifices in
the hope that when they have fit men to govern the country the Americans will turn
the government over to the native element, reducing the American personnel to the
governor general, then the Filipinos are going to sacrifice their liberty, their honor,
their race, and, in short, everything which is included within the meaning of nation-
ality, upon the alter of illusions. For if the Americans are the Sovereigns, it depends
upon them to say whether the Filipinos have sufficient men for the government of the
country- They never will say it, because interests of the purse, of race, and, in short,
all the vital interests of Anglo-Saxonism will prevent it— American Interests which
prevent a real and sincere autonomy, which are the same which caused the Spanish
friars to oppose the assimilation of the country and the secularization of the curacies.
The disafl^cted element of the population, or the emissaries of Aguinaldo's govern-
ment, contend that the United States has given nothing substantial as yet in response
to its administrative promises. The archbishop, they declare, still holds political sway,
the friars have not been driven out nor killed, the Spaniards have been continued in
office, the chief representative of United States authority here (who has never witnessed
Bomari, Catholic ceremonies a dozen times in his life) is an ardent Romanist and draws
inspirations from the droppings of the Roman Catholic sanctuary as set up in the Phil-
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 531
ippines. Remove these abominations, they say, and we will willingly accept United
States protection and supremacy. Secretly these same critics and complainants assert
that these friars and Spaniards render valuable aid to the insurgent cause in many
ways, and the number of Spaniards now offering their troops is strong proof that their
assertions are correct.
The insurgent armed forces are not to be feared except as they oppress their own peo-
ple and delay returns to conditions of peace. The length of time they have been in the
field and their conduct has given the practical lesson to the inhabitants that they can
not expect security under Tagalo rule. . The lesson is deeply impressed and required
time to produce conviction. Had the rebellion been crushed immediately upon its open
defiant demonstrations of last February it would soon have appeared in new form, for
the mass of the people were intoxicated with the cry for independence and self-govern-
ment which the reflecting classes now realize is impossible until true political education
is more generally diffused. The political conditions which will follow armed resistance
demand the most serious attention of our eminent statesmen, and Congressional action
can not be too much accelerated. Now all executive functions of a civil character in
these islands centers in a military command which is called upon to administer the law
governing the various departmental offices of the executive branch of the United States
Government and to set aside Spanish decrees when such are in conflict therewith. The
multitude of obtrusive and perplexing questions which arise for determination can
only be appreciated by those who have confronted such a situation. I have been
assisted in all duties of administration by a conscientious, hard-working, and able staff,
who, with the officers ably exercising the command of troops, have given me their
loyal support. I herewith transmit their several annual reports, which furnish valu-
able details on particular subjects which are only alluded to in a very general manner
in the foregoing pages.
Yery respectfully, your obedient servant,
E. S. OTIS,
Malor General, U. S, V., Commanding Department
of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, and
Military Governor in the Philippines.
Hosted by
Google
REPORT
BRIG. GEN. IRVING HALE, U. S. v.,
CoMMANpiNG Skcond Brigabb, Second Division,
Eighth Armt Corps,
OP OPERATIONS OF HIS BRIGADE NEAR WATERWORKS, FEBRUARY 6 TO 9, 1899.
HEADaUAKTERS SECOND BRIGADE, SECOND DIVISION, EIGHTH ARMY CORPS,
Manila, P. J., February 10, 1899.
Adjutant General,
Second Division, Eighth Army Corps.
Sir : I tiave the honor to submit the following report of operations of this brigade on
February 6th to 9th, inclusive, 1899 :
Operations of Sunday, February 5th, as given in separate report, resulted in capture
of insurgent positions and establishment of our line through Blockhouses 4, 5, 6, 7, San
Juan Bridge, Pulverin, Deposito, San Juan Del Monte Church, San Felipe Convent, and
Mandalayan, to the Pasig opposite Santa Ana.
Monday, February 6th.— On Monday forenoon, February 6th, one battalion Twenty-
third U. S. Infantry and one battalion (three companies) Oregon Volunteer Infantry
were ordered to Deposito to cooperate with the Nebraska regiment, two attached com-
panies of Colorado, and Utah guns, under Colonel Stotsenburg, in the capture of the
waterworks on Mariquina River, three and one half miles east of Deposito. The
Tennessee battalion was ordered back to provost guard in city, but when the messenger
reached Deposito they were already in the field and the message did not find them.
When they reached the waterworks I notified them of the order and they returned to
the city.
When I arrived at Deposito, just after the Twenty-third and Oregon battalions,
Colonel Stotsenburg had started for the waterworks with the following troops : Two
companies Colorado, as advance guard, in extended order; battalion Tennessee on
extreme right, in extended order ; battalion Nebraska on extreme left, in extended
order ; battalion Nebraska as reserve on road ; four Utah guns following advance guard
and used to clear road and woods to right and left.
Instructions were sent back for the Oregon Battalion to remain as guard at Deposito
and along road toward waterworks, and for the Twenty-third Battalion to proceed
along road from Deposito to Mariquina, about a mile north of waterworks, to cover the
movement on latter against attack from north. Captain Brooks, adjutant general of
the brigade, accompanied the Twenty-third Battalion. I followed the main body
toward waterworks, catching it about half way, where it was engaged in a lively
skirmish, especially on the left, where considerable resistance was met, a number of
insurgents killed and two taken prisoners. Nebraska had one killed and three wounded
in this movement.
Hosted by
Google
OBEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 533
A short distance back the body of Assistant Surgeon Young, of the Utah Battery,
had been found, with a powder-stained bullet hole in his head, indicating that he had
been captured by the insurgents and killed after capture. He had intended to meet
Major Young at Deposito, but apparently missed his way and went beyond.
The bluff overlooking the waterworks was found unoccupied and the advance guard
proceeded down the hill in extended order, wheeling to left to meet insurgent fire from
the hills and brush to north. After silencing this they advanced to the works, finding
them unoccupied and uninjured except removal of cylinder heads and valves, which
could be replaced in a week or two. The insides of cylinders were carefully greased to
prevent rust. These missing parts were found next day buried in the ground of the coal-
room under a pile of coal. The discovery was made by Artificer Hays, Company I, First
Colorado, whose suspicions were aroused by noticing a little dirt mixed with the coal at
edge of pile. It is surmised that the engineer may have done this, telling the insurgents
that they had crippled the pumps and thus preventing more extended damage.
The Tennessee Battalion, on its arrival, was returned to city in accordance with
orders, as explained above.
Two Oregon companies were distributed along the road to patrol it.
The Nebraska Battalions were disposed along top of bluff commanding the water-
works and surrounding country.
The Utah guns were placed at stone blockhouse on same bluff. As a number of insur-
gents were seen in vicinity of Mariquina, across and up the river, and the location of
their headquarters was known, a few shots were fired in that direction to impress on
them the fact they were covered by artillery and deter them from attacking the Twenty-
third Battalion, moving toward Mariquina. It was learned next ntiorning that this was
very fortunate, as it had the effect of stopping the lively fire by which the battalion was
met as it approached the bluff overhanging the river opposite Mariquina.
The Twenty-third Battalion, under Major Goodale, proceeded as directed from Depos-
ito along Mariquina road, but its progress was slow on account of difficulty of skirmish
line, encumbered with blanket rolls, getting through the cane fields and bamboo brush
and fences. Just before reaching the high ground this side of the river, the advance
guard was met by a hot fire from insurgents two hundred or three hundred yards in
front, which was returned, resulting in a lively skirmish for a few minutes, which
stopped with the artillery fire from the waterworks mentioned above. Our troops then
took up an excellent position in a ready-made trench along a ridge, and as it was dark
and the position and force of the enemy were not known, it was decided to wait there
until morning.
Lieut. A. B. Hayne, California Heavy Artillery, who had voluntarily accompanied
Major Goodale as aid, expressing a desire to return to the city, was allowed to do so,
and on his arrival went to the department commander with a grossly exaggerated report
of the situation, on the strenth of which the department commander directed the with-
drawal of the battalion. Captain Krayenbuhl and Lieutenant Perry of the brigade
staff, with a platoon of Oregon as escort and carrying two canteens of water per man,
with a larger supply on a cart, were therefore dispatched to the relief of the Twenty-
third Battalion. An orderly was sent to the waterworks to notify Colonel Stotsenburg
of the withdrawal of this covering force on his left, so that he could take other means
for protection. It was found that the report was practically groundless ; that the posi-
tion was a strong one ; that there was no firing and no apparent danger, and that Major
Goodale was reluctant to withdraw, especially at night. They therefore left the platoon
there and returned. Lieutenant Perry reporting the facts to the department commander,
who authorized me to leave the battalion where it was and proceed according to my best
judgment in the morning. This was about 3.30 A. m., February 7.
Tuesday, February 7.— At 6 a. m. I sent word to the remaining platoon of the Oregon
company to join the Twenty-third Battalion, with another supply of water, and to
Colonel Stotsenburg to send two companies across country as additional reenforce-
ments, with a view of surrounding the insurgent force, if still in their front, and driv-
ing it back on the river, destroying or capturing it. I accompanied the Oregon platoon,
Hosted by
Google
534 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
and soon after our arrival Colonel Stotsenburg reported with two companies, which he
left and returned to waterworks. Two companies of the Twenty-third were sent in
extended order to circle around to north, cut off retreat of insurgents in that direction,
and take them in flank, forcing them south in front of our other troops or back into
the river. When they had swung around on the north the entire line, in extended
order, moved forward, closing in toward Mariquina and sweeping the country. No
resistance was encountered, and on. crossing the river into Mariquina it was found
deserted, with white flags on all the houses.
While we were there the natives began to flock in from the hills with white flags. On
being informed that their houses and property had not been molested, and that we were
friendly to them as long as they remained friendly to us and kept the insurrectos out,
but would destroy the town if it was again occupied by the insurrectos they shouted,
"Viva Americanos," and assured us that they wanted to be good American citizens.
An inspection of the insurgents' headquarters disclosed nothing of special import-
ance or value excepting some surveying instruments, which were taken, as they would
doubtless be looted if left. They are at these headquarters, subject to orders.
We then marched down the east side of the river to Santolan and forded the stream
to the waterworks.
Wednesday, February 5.— Wednesday afternoon, February 8, the battalion of the
Twenty-third was relieved and returned to the city and the Wyoming Battalion was
sent out in its place. It was quartered for the night in the Pulverin, beyond San Juan
Bridge, but on the following morning was located in San Juan del Monte Church and
San Felipe Convent to guard line from Deposito south Mahdalayan, on the Pasig.
The Oregon Battalion was stationed at Deposito, forks of Mariquina and waterworks
roads, and Pulverin, with a detachment at Blockhouse 7.
Thursday, February S.— The line of South Dakota and Colorado regiments from
Blockhouses 3 to 6 was readjusted along high ground beyond blockhouses and in-
trenched.
Two Utah guns were placed behind earthworks in commanding positions on the
ridge northeast of Blockhouse 5.
The brigade now covers the following lines :
Miles.
Front of Blockhouses 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, to San Juan Bridge— 2%
San Juan Bridge to Deposito 1
Deposito south to Mandalayan, on Pasig River 2
Deposito east to waterworks, on Mariquina River 33^
Total ■ 8M
Very respectfully,
IRVING HALE,
Brigadier General, Comrnanding.
Report of Col. Jolm M. Stotsenburg, First Nebraska U. S. Volunteer
Infantry, of Operations Near Pumping Station,
Dated February 25, 1899.
First Nebraska IT. S. Volunteer Infantry,
Office of the Commanding Officer,
Pumping Station, February ^5, 1899,
Adjutant General,
Second Brigade, Second Division, Eighth Army Corps.
Sir: I have the honor to state that yesterday morning about 4 A. m. a company of
sharpshooters in the fields west of Mariquina and others in the rocks about eight hun-
dred yards north of the Mariquina road began firing into our camp. This had stopped
the night before about 11. Several of their shots came into our tents. The insurgents
are occupying a position about four hundred yards from our outposts on the Mariquina
road. After daylight we drove them out of the fields near Mariquina with the artillery,
Hosted by
Google
OKEGOK VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 535
and they got into the rocks north and northwest of the Mariquina road and made it
very unpleasant for us. About 12.30 p. m. I came to the Deposito, intending to get per-
mission to dislodge them from there. When I arrived Major Eastwick, Second Oregon,
asked for permission to send about twenty men out the Mariquina road to make a
reconnoissance and dislodge some insurgents who seemed to be northeast of the Deposito.
I told him that, with the approval of General Hale, he could do it. I waited until
nearly 2 o'clock, and as the tiring of the sharpshooters seemed to increase, the miove-
ment to begin, which I had suggested in my telegram to General Hale, having been
approved, was ordered. The detachment of twenty-five selected men of Major Eastwick's
battalion started out, and after marching in line of skirmishers about a mile and a half
on the Mariquina road, and this continued until they nearly reached the Nebraska out-
post, the Hotchkiss gun became disabled, and besides the moral effect was of little use
to us. This was no fault of the gunners, as they did hard work. One of the Utah Bat-
tery guns came over and drove the insurgents out toward Mariquina. They remained
away until this morning, when they returned again in small bodies, but up to the pres-
ent have done no firing. Last night was the quietest one we have had on our outpost.
The entire Second Oregon detachment under Captain Barber did good work, and as we
did not get in until late, remained all night.
The only casualty was Corp. William Ponath, Company G, Second Oregon, slightly
wounded in the chest and muscle of the arm. I inclose a copy of Captain Barber's
report.
Four insurgents are known to have been killed.
A. Spaniard who was with us informed me that three battalions of insurgents were at
San Mateo and that this was their advance guard.
Very respectfully,
John M. Stotsenburg,
Colonel First Nebraska JJ. S. Volunteer Infantry.
Report of Capt. K,. H. Barber, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry,
of Reconnoissance Along Mariquina Road, Dated
February 25, 1899.
In the Field, Powder Magazine, February 9.5, 1899.
Adjutant, Third Battalion, Second Oregon Volunteer l7ifantry.
Sir: I have the honor to report that I received orders at 1 p. m., February 24th, to
prepare to advance with twenty-five picked men from Companies C, K, and G, Second
Oregon Infantry, along Mariquina road. Left Pulverin with detachment from Company
G to cross-roads, where I received written orders from Major Eastwick, commanding
Third Battalion, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, to proceed along Mariquina road
in company with a detachment with Hotchkiss gun under command of Lieutenant
Murphy, Company K, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry. Threw out line of skirmishers
north of road. Marched along Mariquina road, and reaching stone barricade the detach-
ment was thrown out as skirmishers along north side of road, keeping touch with
Hotchkiss gun, which joined our right flank. No obstruction was met with until after
passing native village and reaching row of huts some three hundred yards from village,
when we were fired upon by sharpshooters stationed in native huts and trees. They
seemed strong in number, and our fire failing to dislodge them, and there being a favor-
able position, fire from the Hotchkiss was opened on the village ; but the shells failed to
explode on striking the grass huts. We advanced and the enemy retreated toward our
left flank, where a heavy fire was encountered from a stroug body of the enemy, who
were posted in that vicinity. Changed direction to the left and took up position behind
hedge, which affbrded fair cover, and endeavored to locate the enemy, who were now
firing upon us with volleys. We replied briskly, and the enemy retreated to probably
one thousand yards, leaving behind them sharpshooters, who annoyed us until they
were disposed of.
Hosted by
Google
536 OREGOK VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
The enemy divided into two large bands, one going to the right and the other to the
left, in an apparent endeavor to flank os. The gun was brought up and put into a favor-
able position, and shelling began in the places where the enemy were hidden, especially
in a house where flfty or sixty were seen to congregate, at range of one thousand four
hundred yards. The shells burst close to the house and the enemy evacuated it. A
rapid fire of shells seemed to work damage, the shells falling among them and explod-
ing. The enemy continued a heavy fire from the right, which was situated on a hill
screened by brush. A few shells were thrown there and the gun jammed. A company
of First Nebraska Infantry came up and formed on our left, supplying us with ammu-
nition, which was needed, and fired volleys at various ranges. The enemy retreated
beyond range and we changed direction to the right. Leaving the Nebraska company
to cover our right, we took gun to the road and advanced slowly while repairs were
made to gun. Having advanced one fourth or one half mile, we were fired on by a num-
ber of the enemy, who were concealed in the cane fields and trees and on the surrounding
heights. The fire was chiefly volleys, and well directed, sweeping all the open ground,
and came from the left ft-ont and left entirely. We .could locate but few of the enemy,
owing to the fact that they used smokeless powder, while we were at a disadvantage,
having the black-powder shells. As we were exposed, we advanced the right and swung
back the left, so as to avoid the flanking fire and afford better protection. The men
sheltered themselves and we endeavored to drive the enemy back, but they gave way
very little and did not relax their fire. The gun being repaired, now came up, and we
opened on the position of the enemy, but after a few rounds the Hotchkiss gun again
jammed, owing to the breaking (rottenness) of the shells. The gun being u.seless, and
the enemy having our range, we communicated with the Nebraska company at the out-
post and endeavored to withdraw to the road, which afforded a certain amount of pro-
tection. Here Corporal Ponath, Company G, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, was
wounded in the chest. He was carried to a disused sugar-cane mill, w^hich afforded
some protection. I went to him and ordered his removal to the road, having in the
mean time sent for a litter. This was done under a heavy fire.
The enemy having accurately located the mill, I received order from the outpost to
withdraw to the road and come to outpost. The useless gun having gone ahead, we
withdrew^ as quickly as possible to the road, and advancing under cover of the bushes,
and reached outpost. I would venture to suggest that black powder is dangerous as
betraying our position, while the enemy, using only smokeless, can only be located by
the noise or a quick eye, and that is uncertain, while each time we fired black powder
they immediately sent a volley toward the smoke. Their firing was controlled by bugle,
heard at intervals, and they evidently had the range, as in the second fight the bullets
were well aimed and not too high, as is usual. Our only casualty was Corporal Ponath,
Company G, Second Oregon Volunteer Inf^mtry. The men were cool and obeyed orders
promptly. As regards the loss of the enemy, we could only locate them by sounds ; those
we saw we left there. I can give no accurate statistics, as it is impossible to estimate the
damage done by the shells oi' our volleys in the brush. The sharpshooters who stayed
too long behind the main body of the enemy we could locate, and as we had picked men
Ave had no difficulty in disposing of them. After reporting to Colonel Stotseuburg at th€
outpost we were sent to the Nebraska camp for supper^ We returned to the outpost and
took up at midnight outpost work there. We were supplied with food by the Nebraska
Volunteers, and at 9.30, February 2oth, the men having breakfasted, we started to return
to camp (Pulverin). I desire to draw attention to the fact that when Corporal Ponath
was wounded he was at the left of the line. He was promptly carried to the shelter of
the mill by Sergeant Lane, Privates William A. Shoemaker, Albert A. Eide, and John
J. Maxwell, all of Company G, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, under a heavy fire.
On my request for volunteers to carry him to the road, as there was a raking fire across
the open, these men promptly responded and carried the wounded man gently across
the road, the bullets meanwhile spattering all around them. Distance traveled, seven
miles.
Respectfully submitted, R. H. Bakber,
Captain, Se(?oncl Oregon Volunteer Infantry.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLtJNTEERS IN SPANISH WA^. 537
Report of Second Lieut. Chas. A. Murphy, Second Oregon U. S. Volun-
teer Infantry, Commanding Hotchkiss and Gattling Battery,
of Reconnoissance Along Mariquina Road,
Dated February 14, 1899.
Crossroads, San Juan del Monte, February 2k, 1899,
Maj. P. G. Eastwick, Jr.,
Commanding Third Battalion^ Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry.
Sir : I beg to report as follows :
Received verbal orders from Major Eastwick to report — with one Hotchkiss gun and
five men — to Captain Barber, in command of detachment. Gun to be pulled by ten
prisoners. Left crossroads at 1.30; proceeded to point on Mariquina road about two
and one half miles; when, on order of Captain Barber, gun was put into action, firing
at native houses where the enemy were stationed. Enemy's fire ceased. Hotchkiss
shells penetrated houses, but failed to explode. After firing ten or fifteen shots the
gunner reported that the gun was disabled. On examination I found that the swivel
plate controlling elevation gear was broken. I took the plate off' and turned it in su-ch
manner that the gun could be used (with care). 1 w^as compelled to work under great
difficulties on account of not having the tools that belong to the gun. The gun having
been prepared, Captain Barber ordered me to place gun at a point one-fourth mile from
road to the left and shell a rocky ridge where there was a body of insurgents in force.
Opened fire at fifteen hundred yards, shells landing in the midst of them and exploding,
with the effect that they were driven from their position after some resistance.
(Note.— Shells exploded by striking rocks; would not explode by striking bamboo
houses or ordinary soil.)
After firing one hundred or more shots cleaned the gun, and shortly afterwards a
shell stuck, and Captain Barber ordered me to the road, where I found firing pin bent,
which I hammered into shape, and removed broken shell from gun. Proceeded on up
the road, per order Captain Barber, and opened fire on hedge row, from which the enemy
were pouring in a hot fire. After firing tw^o shots the gun again jammed and we suc-
ceeded in withdrawing the shell under a severe fire.
I then reported to Captain Barber, who ordered me to report to captain of Nebraska
company, who sent me back to Captain Barber (after I had made a verbal report to him
of the condition of the gun) with orders for him to withdraw his skirmish line to the
road and advance to his position ; also for me to bring up the gun to his position. On
arrival at his position (about four miles from crossroads on top of hill overlooking Mar-
iquina) with the gun, Colonel Stotsenburg being present, I reported to him in person.
He directed me to place the gun at a point to be designated by him. I placed the gun,
and after firing two shots the gun jammed again and we could not dislodge the shell, as
there were no tools for the purpose at hand. Colonel Stotsenburg then ordered the gun
to be taken to the pumping station to be repaired and for me to await further orders.
On arrival at the pumping station I made a hollow-shaped tool that fitted the bore of
the gun and could be rammed against the explosive shell without touching the cap,
thereby removing the jammed shell from the gun. I carry this tool on the gun now,
and it can be used in the field in case of future trouble. I also repaired plate on eleva-
tion gear by using heavy iron washers and new machine bolts. Finished repairs at
11 30 p. M., with gun in much better and stronger condition than when we left camp.
I received telegraphic orders from Colonel Stotsenburg at 7.40 p. m. to proceed to
Deposito and place gun in former position on south wall of Deposito. Above order
was carried out, and I reported to Colonel Stotsenburg at 10 A. m. this 25th day of Feb-
ruary, 1899.
Respectfully submitted, Charles A. Murphy,
Lieutenant, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry,
Commanding Hotchkiss and Gatling Battery.
Hosted by
Google
REPORT
BRIG. GEN. R. P. HUGHES, U. 8. V.,
Provost Marshai^ Generate in Manixa,
OF FIRES AND ACCOMPANYING EVENTS THAT OCCURRED FEBRUARY 22
AND 23, 1899.
Office of the Provost Marshal General,
Manila, P. J., March 17, 1899.
Assistant Adjutant General,
Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. I.
Sir : The following detailed report of the fires and accompanying events that occurred
on the 22d and 23d of February are submitted for the information of the department
commander:
A few minutes after 8 p. m. on the 22d a fire was noticed in No. 22, Oalle Lacosta, in the
suburb of Santa Cruz, this city. The house was the abiding place of Filipinos of ill
repute. The police, as represented by the Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, U. S. V.,
arrived on the scene almost immediately, and were able to establish beyond a doubt that
the fire was of incendiary origin, and that kerosene oil was the fluid made use of in
starting it. The entire fire department of the city and the volunteer brigade of English
firemen and their engine were on the ground with reasonable promptness, and all
worked with a zeal that was very commendable. The wind at the time was variable,
and it was necessary to fight the fire from three sides. Efibrts were made to prevent the
efficiency of the firemen by occasional shots from the surrounding houses. This was
stopped by calling up some of the provostguard. Efforts were also made to destroy the
fire hose by puncturing it, but the police cured this trouble with commendable prohipt-
ness.
The locality was well selected for the nefarious purpose of the incendiary. The build-
ings were constructed of light materials and the streets narrow. Furthermore, it was a
district peopled by Chinamen, and they had large stores of dried cocoanut shells stored
for fuel. The light fiber of these shells not only ignites very readily, but they carry
sparks in clouds. Owing to these causes it was 11 o'clock p. m. before the fire department
could get sufllcient control of the fire to assume the oflfensive and subdue it. This fire
burned two blocks, as shown in the accompanying map marked A. It would seem that
the object of this fire was to burn out the barracks of the Tenth Pennsylvania Volun-
teers and the police company on Calle Dolores.
About the time the fire in Santa Cruz was brought under control a second one was
noticed in the suburb of Tondo. At this time a westerly wind was blowing a good
sailing breeze, and the fire was situated in the Nipa district of the suburb. It was both
useless and dangerous to struggle against it. This fire was started by insurgent soldiers
who had entered the city by passing around the left of General Mac Arthur's line. It
was started at different points to windward of the location of two of the city police sta-
tions—Companies M and C, Thirteenth Minnesota— with the evident intention of
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 539
roasting them out. The possibility of such tactics on the part of the enemy had been
foreseen and provided against. The police companies took position to defend the suburb
of Binondo at Paseo de Ascarraga, and were promptly supported by other troops of the
provost guard, Company E, Twenty-third U. S. Infantry, Captain Pratt, joining them
by way of Jolo Street, and Company H, Captain McDonnell, by way of Calle de Santo
Crlsto. These troops checked any advance on the part of the enemy from Tondo, and
the fire exhausted its material by 2 o'clock. Unfortunately, enemies were on all sides
and occasional shots were fired from houses in the vicinity.
The first attempt of the incendiaries to start a fire in the rear of the troops was made
in the main building of the Binondo Market. But this effort failed, through the vigi-
lance of the police, who discovered it before it had gotten beyond their power to master
it. A second and successful effort was made by setting fire to some nipa structures out-
side the main building. The wind had increased, and this fire, coming before that at
Santa Cruz was extinguished, the fire spread westward and southward with rapidity.
The firemen reached the locality at 2.30 greatly fatigued, and the volunteer brigade
seemed to have become totally discouraged, and left the place with their engine without
even getting up steam. Fortunately provisions had been made for such a contingency
by sending for Major Gantenbein's battalion of the Second Oregon Volunteers.
Some powder cartridges had been previously arranged for with Capt. W. T. Wood,
chief ordnance oflacer, and for some axes with the Engineer Department, both of which
arrived on the ground in time to meet this emergency. The fire at this time had hope-
lessly involved the two blocks next to the mercado. It was futile, with the means at
hand, to attempt to check the fire to leeward, but it seemed impossible to prevent its
getting a hold across Calle de Lavazares. After the English volunteer brigade had taken
their engine from the scene it became necessary to organize a volunteer fire company
from the battalion of the Second Oregon Volunteers, and to send and seize the engine
and to call all other engines from the Santa Cruz district, at the risk of a second outbreak
there. During the time required to accomplish these things the only means at hand for
checking the flames were powder, axes, water carried in buckets, pots, etc. The time
finally came when the only resort was powder. The danger points were naainly confined
to two corners, one the southwest corner of Calle Lavazares and Calle Fundidor (No. 14
Calle Fundidor), and the other the northwest corner of Lavazares and Santo de Cristo
streets (No. 48 Calle Santo Cristo). The 'building first named was so much ablaze that it
had started the fire in the building across the street. As it was still possible to extin-
guish the fire across the street by pressing Chinamen and carrying water in buckets,
pots, etc., if the house across the street was neutralized, it was determined to use a
powder charge of a 10-inch gun in destroying that building. This building was hopelessly
involved in the fire at the time, and the exploding of the cartridge only hastened its dem-
olition by a few moments. The building on the northwest corner of Lavazares and Santo
Cristo streets (No. 48 Calle Santo Cristo) was two stories high, and when it became fully
involved it was evident that it would be impossible, with the means at hand, to prevent
the house on the northeast corner taking fire unless some radical measures were taken.
A powder c^^rtridge was carried in inclosed in its metallic case and was exploded in the
corner of the building for the purpose of wrecking it, which it did. This cartridge only
hastened the destruction of the building, as it was already so fully involved in the
flames that it could not have been defended, and as a matter of fact no effort, under the
conditions, would have been made to do so. In the mean time the block south of Calle
de Santo Cristo and between Calles Lavazares and de Clavel had burned rapidly, and
before a sufficient number of streams could be gotten on it the flames had crossed Calle
de Elcano, and before its progress could be stopped about one third of this block also
was in ashes. The market, two full blocks, and about one third of another were burned
at this place. This third fire was subdued by 7 a. m. of the 28d.
The enemy still held possession of the northern portion of the suburb of Tondo, above
Moriones Street, and while the provost guard was engaged in suppressing the fire and
preserving order in the city they were busy errecting barricades and field works, for
which purposes they used materials ready at hand for building purposes, foundation
Hosted by
Google
540 0K1<X40N V0LUNTEI5RS IN SPANISH WAR.
stones, railroad iron, etc., and in many instances the walled courts and houses were
occupied. After the provost guard had had some rest and breakfast six companies were
sent to throw these invaders out of the city. Two companies of the Thirteenth Minne-
sota, two companies of the Second Oregon, and two companies of the Twenty-third U. 8.
Infantry, the whole being under the direction of Maj. G. A. Goodale, Twenty-third U. S.
Infantry. The work was thoroughly done, and the city was cleared of armed organized
insurgents by 5 p. M. In this contest the loss of the enemy was severe, as they were in
some instanced caught in the inclosures from which they could not escape, and they
would not surrender. The houses along the line of the enemy's retreat were nearly all
burned during the affair. As they were nearly all of nipa, the loss in money value was
not great.
The loss in Binondo was the heaviest, and it will be necessary to take some steps to
provide new market accomodations for that suburb in the near future.
The lesson learned by these fires is that we are living in the midst of cruel enemies,
who are capable of resorting to any means to further their ends.
The work performed by the provost guard was exceedingly satisfactory. All did
their very best.
I wish to make special mention of Sergt. Leon H. Chick, Battery H, Third XJ. S.
Artillery, who was acting under the direction of Capt. W. T. Wood, chief of ordnance, in
placing and fi.ring the powder cartridges. The fuse of the second cartridge failed, and
the building was one sheet of flame in the lighter materials of the upper story. Sergeant
Chick simply asked, when it became apparent that the first fuse had probably failed, if
Captain Wood wished the fuse replaced, and on i^eceiving an afiirmative answer he
entered this fire trap, renewed the fuse, and caused the explosion of the cartridge, which
so wrecked the building as to enable the fire to be checked with the means then at hand.
This quiet discharge of so perilous a duty is, in my opinion, worthy of special recognition,
and I therefore recommend Sergeant Chick for th^ appointment of ordnance sergeant,
which I am informed is a position he seeks, and also that he be granted a certificate of
merit.
Drawings showing the districts burned in shaded lines are forwarded herewith.
The following reports are also inclosed : Report of Maj. G. A. Goodale, Twenty-third
U. S. Infantry ; report of Maj. Percy Willis, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry; and
report of Col. Fred W. Ames, Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, which contains
the reports of Captains Morgan, McKelvey, Robinson, and Metz ; also those of Lieuten-
ants Snow and Bruck^rt.
Respectfully submitted.
R.P.HUGHES,
Brigadier General U. S. V., Provost Marshal General.
Report of Maj. G. A. Goodale, Twenty-third XI. S. Infantry, of Pursuit
of Insurgents in Tondo, February 23, 1899.
Majsij^A, I". I,, February 2/t, 1899.
Adjutant Twenty-third U. S. Infantry.
Sir: I have the honor to report that, in obedience to instructions from the provost
marshal general, I yesterday, February 23d, with two cbmpanies of my battalion (K,
Lieutenant Moore, and M, Lieutenant Stritzinger), one officer and thirty-five men each,
proceeded at 10.30 o'clock a. m. to the Tondo district, in the northern part of Manila, to
dislodge and destroy a party of Filipino soldiers, supposed to be about one hundred and
fifty, who had worked through General Mac Arthur's lines the night before. The com-
mand went in light marching order, without rations, and with one hundred rounds
ammunition on the person and a like amount on two carts. The first of the enemy
were encountered a short distance from (beyohd) the cuartel of Company C, Thirteenth
Minnesota. At about this time I was joined by Company E, Captain Davis, and Com-
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 541
pany M, Captain Poornian, Second Oregon, under Major Willis of that regiment; also
Company C, Lieutenant Snow, and Company M, Captain McKelvey, Thirteenth Minne-
sota. A great measure of the success of the day was due to these troops, which had pre-
ceded me nearly an hour, and by repeated charges had cleared several blocks of sharp-
shooters, forcing them back from house to house, and killing many.
We encountered five very substantial barricades extending across the street. These
were successively charged, as were numerous houses used as places of concealment, and
the latter were invariably burned. As a result, but few remain along the road to
Caloocan.
When near the railroad depot two troops Fourth U. S. Cavalry reported, and I sent
them to scour the woods to the east, while I proceeded with an extended skirmish line
to the right and left of the road, in the direction of Caloocan. There was little opposi-
tion along the road beyond the city, but several skirmishes occurred in the thickets to
the right, in which Lieutenant Stritzinger had one man (Private John L. Barker, Com-
pany M, Twenty-third Infantry) dangerously wounded, shot through leg and arm, and
one man killed, (Private Edward Reaver, Company G, Twenty-third Infantry)— the
only losses in the Twenty-third Infantry. Private Reaver had become separated from
his company in another part of the city, and reported to Lieutenant Stritzinger a short
time before he was killed. One man (Private George W. Baker, Company G, Thirteenth
Minnesota) was dangerously wounded by a shot in the neck. These were the only
losses of the day.
During the afternoon I received orders from the provost marshal general to cover the
ground well out to General MacArthur's line, which I did, reaching the headquarters of
the Twentieth Kansas at 4.50 o'clock p. m., and starting on my return at 5 o'clock, reach-
ing barracks at 6.45 o'clock.
Owing to the nature of the fighting, it is difficult to more that approximate the num-
ber of the enemy killed, but I believe it to be not less than seventy-five. A captain of
the Second Oregon counted in one block thirty-four dead, and Lieutenant Moore,
Twenty-third Infantry, counted thirteen in another small yard.
There were many j)risoners made; only the men were retained, and were sent back
in squads to the Minnesota cuartel. It is impossible to state accurately how many, but
more than one hundred and fifty, at least ninety-five per cent of whom were soldiers,
some in uniform clothing, but more with their uniforms hastily pulled ofi", showing the
usual white garb of the natives. Yards and houses were strewn with the discarded
uniforms.
The conduct of officers and men is to be commended. All behaved in the coolest
manner under the new conditions of street fighting; and, although all had been up
throughout all of the previous night, and were without food or coffee for thirteen hours,
not a murmur of complaint was heard.
Private Ira B. Smith, Company C, Thirteenth Minnesota, was struck by a spent ball
directly over the heart, but was not disabled. The ball penetrated the clothing and was
pulled from the flesh.
A number of rifles were captured ; I can not state how many. The companies were
more or less detached and returned after dark.
Respectfully, your obedient servant, G. A. GoodaIjE,
Major, Twenty-third U. S. InfayUry.
Report of Capt. John M. Poorman, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer
Infantry, of Pursuit of Insurgents in Tondo, February 23, 1899.
Manila, P. I., February 26, 1899.
Maj.PEBCY Willis,
Second Oregon U. S. Volunteers.
Sir: I have the honor to hand you herewith a report of the part my company took
in the engagement with the insurgents in Tondo on February 23, 1899:
Hosted by
Google
542 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
About 9.80 A. M. on the 23d instant I received orders from Lieutenant Colonel Yoran
to have my company ready to move at once. There were but forty-three enlisted men
available, and part of them, with Lieutenant Platts, had been on guard all night at the
penitentiary. Captain Davis, Company E, had received the same orders, and in about
twenty minutes the two companies, under your command, marched to the Tondo
Church, where we were joined by Companies M and C of the Thirteenth Minnesota.
About two hundred yards beyond this church, in obedience to your command, the com-
panies deployed, Company E, Second Oregon, on the extreme left, Company C of the
Thirteenth Minnesota on the right, and my company in the center, with Company M of
the Thirteenth in reserve.
At the command, the line advanced, taking advantage of cover and avoiding streets
as much as possible. The line had advanced but a short distance when the enemy
opened fire on us from the nipa huts and from the trees. We returned the fire when we
could locate the enemy, but with very slight effect. As the line advanced it became nec-
essary to burn the native shacks to dislodge the insurgents. This we did as we
advanced, and in a very short time the main body of insurgents was located in a stone
inclosure and behind breastworks of stone across the streets in front of my company.
A heavy tire was opened up by both sides, with telling effect on the enemy. The insur-
gents behind the breastworks retreated to the stone inclosure and continued the fight-
ing until a flank attack by the right of my company forced them to surrender.
We killed thirty natives, wounded nine, and took about twenty prisoners, all with-
out a man of my command killed or wounded.
The fighting of the day, so far as my company was concerned, ended here.
I was ordered to deploy my men on the left of the main road to Caloocan, but after
advancing about one fourth mile found the country impassable on account of water,
and had to return to the main road, which we followed until we reached the stone
bridge, beyond the car shops. Here we deployed on the right of the Minnesotas, and,
with Captain Davis's company on my right, we continued on to Caloocan, burning all
the native huts on the way. After a short rest both Companies M and E of the Second
Oregon returned to their quarters. The Minnesota companies, having joined Major
Goodale's command, returned ahead of us.
This was the first engagement for my company, but they behaved like veterans.
Lieutenant Platts deserves special mention, and both sergeants and corporals looked
well after their duties. My coitipany fired about four thousand rounds of ammunition.
Time of active fighting, about three hours; distance marched, fourteen miles.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. M. POORMAN,
Commanding Company M, ^Second Oregon, U, 8. V.
Report of Capt. R. E. Davis, Second Oregon XJ. S. Volunteer Infantry,
of Pursuit of Insurgents in Tondo, February 23, 1899.
MANILA, P. I., February 9^U, 1899.
Maj. Percy Willis,
Coynmanding Second Battalion, Oregon U.S. V.
Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of my company's actions dur-
ing the skirmish and advance to Caloocan from Tondo, February 23, 1899 :
After receiving your order to deploy as skirmishers and protect the left flank of the
line, we advanced steadily with short rests for better fire facilities, using both individual
and volley firing, as position of our line and enemy would permit. We burned all houses
in our rear, after thoroughly examining them, and sent to the rear about fifty male
prisoners. After the last halt on stone bridge I was ordered to cross the lagoon and
advance in skirmish line toward Caloocan, examining and burning all houses in our
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 543
front. In carrying out these instructtons we could not find a single stand of arms and
very few knives of any kind, although careful search was made for them.
After reaching the railroad station about two miles north of Tondo we relieved the
Montana company holding the road, and, awaiting your advance, halted for lunch. Up
to this point the country was full of houses, and we burned them all after sending about
one hundred men and women to the rear. As they were not armed or in resistance and
our force was small we did not put them under arrest.
To sum up events we killed probably about thirty insurgents, as we counted twenty-
five in our front while advancing. We sent to the rear fifty prisoners and burned nearly
one hundred houses.
Our total casualties were a slight superficial wound on index finger of left hand of
Martin Hildebrandt. We had a force of fifty men with Captain Davis and Lieutenant
Dunbar in command. I can not speak too highly of the conduct of the men, as my only
difficulty was to hold them back and prevent unnecessary exposure to fire.
Very respectfully,
R. E. Davis,
Captain^ Second Oregon U. 8. Volunteer Infantry, Commanding Company E,
Report of Maj. Percy Willis, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry,
of Pursuit of Insurgents in Tondo, February 23, 1899.
CUAKTEI. Dfi ESPANA, MANILA, P. I., February 25, 1899,
Adjutant, Second Regiment, Oregon U. S. V.
Sir : I have the honor to make the following report of the engagement in Tondo on
the 23d day of February, 1899 :
About 9.30 o'clock in the morning of that day I received verbal orders through Lieut.
Col. G. O, Yoran, to take two companies of my battalion and proceed to Tondo for the
purpose of capturing or driving out a body of insurgents, which had in some manner
passed our lines and established themselves in that neighborhood. Taking Companies
E and M, I started from the Cuartel de Espana about 10 A. m. Company E, Capt. R. E.
Davis, had fifty men, First Lieut. T. N. Dunbar being second in command. Company
M, Capt. J. M. Poorman, had forty-three men. Second Lieut. C. R. Platts also being with
the company. The men carried one hundred rounds of ammunition each, and one
day's travel ration.
Near the Bridge of Spain Capt. J. E. McKelvey, of the Thirteenth Minnesota Regi-
ment, reported to me, by order of General Hughes, to direct me to the proper district. We
proceeded to the church in Tondo, headquarters of Company M, Thirteenth Minnesota,
and halted. Insurgent sharpshooters were close by and were making things decidedly
interesting. I ascended the tower of the church, and had a good view of the battlefield
and the position of the insurgents, which was pointed out to me by First Lieut. L. D.
Bruckart, Company M, Thirteenth Minnesota. At the church I was joined by Compa-
nies C and M of that regiment. Company C, Second Lieut. James F. Snow in command,
had thirty-five men, and Company M. Captain McKelvey, had forty-five men. First
Lieutenant Bruckart was present with this company.
Advancing down the road to the north, as far as the first main crossroad, I halted
and formed a line of battle. Company E, Captain Davis, was given a position on the
left, in line of skirmishers, with his left fifty yards from the water. Company M, Second
Oregon, Captain Poorman, was placed in the center of the line, and Company C, Second
Lieutenant Snow, Thirteenth Minnesota, on the right. Company M, Thirteenth Minne-
sota, Captain McKelvey, was held in reserve. This made a continuous line of skirmishers
about one quarter of a mile in length. Directly in front of us was a thick collection of
huts scattered through the trees. The line was pierced in two places by the main streets
leading toward Caloocan. On these streets our line was left blank because of the heavy
Hosted by
Google
544 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
fire down them maintained by the insurgents from their stone barricades erected a short
distance ahead and behind which a good force of sharpshooters had been stationed.
The line having been formed, the bugle sounded "Forward," and the advance com-
menced. Firing began almost immediately and soon became very warm. The Mausers
could be heard on all sides, and it was impossible to ascertain where the bullets came
from, as smokeless powder was being used by the enemy. Our men became a little nerv-
ous under this flank fire, and we halted before we had proceeded more than one hundred
yards, the men taking refuge behind a stone wall. Seeing that nothing could be done
until this flank fire by the sharpshooters had been stopped, and as it seemed to be com-
ing from the native huts, I sent out orders to burn all the huts, and to advance again,
slowly, burning the huts as we proceeded. The bugle again sounded "Forward," and
the line moved on. As the houses on all sides of us began to go up in flames the position
of the insurgent sharpshooters became untenable and they retreated, relieving our men
from the flank fire. The diflferent companies kept in touch with each other on the flanks
in fine style, and we advanced steadily. The firing again became very heavy all along
the line, but the men exercised good j udgment and kept under cover as much as possible
while advancing. The insurgents, when driven from their houses, bore oflT toward the
left fiank, and many of them were shot down by our men. They were evidently making
for the lagoon in front of Malabon, where, I afterwards ascertained, a good many of them
escaped by wading and swimming.
As we neared the line of barricades across the streets, the fire became very hot, as the
enemy was protected on each street by stone inclosures. The stone inclosure to the left
of the street-car line and in front of Company M, Second Oregon, and Company C, Thir-
teenth Minnesota, was especially well defended. Here a hot fire was maintained until
some of our men got up in a house which gave them a flank fire into the insurgents, and
from which many of the enemy were killed, and resulting in the Filipinos being driven
out of their stronghold. As they ran they were exposed to the fire of our men on the
left, and many of them were killed on the outside. Around this inclosure and inside of
it thirty dead insurgents w^ere afterwards counted. On the other street the inclosure was
obstinately defended by them, but the insurgents were driven out in good style by the
left of Captain Poorman's line and the right of Captain Davis's. Inside of this inclosure
were found five dead insurgents and six wounded, and many dead were scattered over
the adjacent gardens. When we reached the first line of barricades, near the inclosures
which we had captured, I halted and reformed the line, where we rested a little while,
keeping up in the mean time an incessant fire on the insurgents remaining in our front.
At this time I sent back for more ammunition, as the supply had nearly run out. Com-
panies C and M, Thirteenth Minnesota, each had two thousand rounds in reserve in
their quarters. This was brought up in carremeteras, and distributed to the men on the
firing line. Word was sent to General Hughes with the request that more be forwarded.
The hardest fighting was now over, although our work was not yet completed by any
means. Company M, Thirteenth Minnesota, commanded by Captain McKelvey, was
held in reserve, and although his men were not on the firing line, the company did good
work escorting prisoners to the rear and as scouts sent out to the right and left to keep
me informed as to the position of our line. A private of Company G, Thirteenth Min-
nesota, named Baker, was badly wounded at this point by a shot through the back of
the neck, and Private M. Hilderbrandt, of Company E, Second Oregon, was shot in the
finger, receiving a slight wound. One other private, Ira B. Smith, of Company C, Thir-
teenth Minnesota, was slightly wounded in the breast. Under the sheltet of the stone
inclosure at these barricades Dr. Ritchie, Thirteenth Minnesota, and Hospital Steward
Brosius, Second Oregon, did excellent work in caring for the wounded. Those able to
be moved were transported to the rear. At this point many prisoners were captured
and sent to the rear under guard.
While waiting there two companies of the Twenty-third Infantry arrived upon the
scene, under command of Major Goodale. He being my senior, and desiring first of all
hearty cooperation in the work before us, 1 offered him the command of the whole line,
which he accepted. After a short rest the whole line again advanced, driving everything
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 545
before it until we i^eached the depot of the Manila and Malabon tramway. Here we
again halted and reformed the companies. At this point Captain McKelvey, in com-
mand of Company M, Thirteenth Minnesota, Avas obliged to return to the hospital. He
had been on duty for forty-eight hours without rest, fighting fires, doing patrol work,
etc., and was well nigh worn out. He had performed good work during the firing, and
deserves credit for sticking to it as long as he did. First Lieutenant Bruckart took com-
mand in his stead. Here we received an abundant supply of ammunition.
Here I suggested to Major Goodale that Company E, Second Oregon, Captain Davis,
be sent across the bridge to deploy in skirmish order through the timber to the right, to
be joined on the left by other companies in skirmish order. Thus we would have a line
before which we could drive the enemy. This was done, Captain Davis forming as des-
ignated and advancing toward Caloocan. Lieutenant Snow, Thirteenth Minnesota,
formed with his company on the left. Major Goodale then advanced down the road
with his ccmipanies of the Twenty-third, and I followed with companies M of the Second
Oregon and the Thirteenth Minnesota. After a short advance I crossed the slough to
the right with my two companies and formed them in the brush in skirmish order to
the left of Captain Davis's line. We then advanced through the woods in skirmish
order, clearing up everything in front of us until we reached Caloocan, in the rear of
Major General MacArthur's quarters. On nearing Caloocan the center and right of my
line on the crest of the ridge were exposed to the view of the insurgents beyond the line
of Major General MacArthur and were given two or three volleys. The Mauser bullets
fell about thickly, but no one was hurt.
On reaching Caloocan the companies were reformed and I reported my arrival to
General MacArthur. Having completed the work for which we were sent out, we
returned to our quarters in the city.
Too much praise can not be given the officers and men of the Oregon and Minnesota
regiments who took part in the engagement. Captain Davis on the left, Captain Poor-
man in the center, and Lieutenant Snow on the right held their companies in good con-
trol, kept their men advancing steadily, took advantage of every cover, and inflicted
heavy loss upon the enemy, with very slight loss to ourselves. In my battalion not a
man was killed, and only three were wounded; one in Company C, Thirteenth Minne-
sota ; one in Company G, same regiment, and one in Company E, Second Oregon. Lieu-
tenant Bruckart did excellent work with his company after he took command. My
adjutant, Lieut. A. J. Brazee, in delivering orders to different parts of the line, did good
work and showed good judgment, as did also Lieutenant Dunbar, of Company E, and
Lieutenant Platts, of Company M.
It is not now definitely known how many of the insurgents were killed, but I am
informed that a burial party sent out the next day to the neighborhood of the battlefield
buried one hundred and thirteen. We captured, I estimate, about one hundred prison-
ers, and cleaned out the whole country we covered from the Tondo church to General
MacArthur's line. Our gunboats fired several shots, presumably at those insurgents
who escaped across the lagoon on our left. All the men behaved admirably, and as it
was their first experience under fire their coolness and determination was very marked,
all of which it gives me great pleasure to testify to.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Percy Wii^lis,
Major, Second Oregon IT, JS. Volunteer Infantry,
35
Hosted by
Google
REPORT
OF
BRIG. GEN. LOYD WHEATGN, U. 8. V.,
OF OPERATIONS AL0N9 THE PASIU RIVER, MARCH 13 TO 19, 1899.
MANI1.A,F.I., March 21, 1899,
Adjutant General, United States Army,
Washington, D, C.
Sib : By General Orders No. II, current series, headquarters Department of the Pacific
and Eighth Army Corps, I was assigned to the command of "a provisional brigade"
composed of the Twentieth and Twenty-second Regiments, U. S. Infantry, two battalions
of the First Washington Volunteer Infantry, seven companies of the Second Oregon
Volunteer Infantry, a platoon of the Sixth U. S. Artillery, and a squadron of three troops
Fourth U. S. Cavalry.
My instructions were to clear the enemy from the country to Pasig and to strike him
wherever found. The brigade was formed on the night of the 12th instant and biv-
ouacked in line in rear of the intrenched position extending from San Pedro Macati on
the Pasig one and one half miles in the direction of Passay from right to left in the fol-
lowing order:
Squadron Fourth U. S. Cavalry, Major Rucker ; Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, Colo-
nel Egbert ; Twentieth U. S. Infantry, Lieutenant Colonel McCaskey ; seven companies
Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, Colonel Summers; one platoon (two guns) Sixth
U. S. Artillery, Lieutenant Scott ; two battalions First Washington Volunteer Infantry,
Colonel Wholley.
Soon after daylight on the morning of March 13th the brigade moved under my
instructions, by echelon, from the right, the Fourth U. S. Cavalry and Twenty-second
U. S. Infantry moving first ; then the Twentieth U. S. Infantry, followed by the Second
Oregon Volunteer Infantry. When the cavalry and Twenty-second U. S. Infantry had
advanced one and one half miles along the line wheeled to the left and marched toward
the river road along the Pasig. Scott's guns had now opened upon the position of the
enemy at Guadalupe, and the left of the line advancing forced him out, the Twentieth
U. S. Infantry and First Washington Volunteer Infantry reaching the church at Guad-
alupe at nearly the same time. The right of the Twenty-second U. S. Infantry struck
the enemy as he was retreating in the direction of Pasig, inflicting heavy loss. The
whole line moved on and occupied the Pasig road, and then marching east along the
road soon came under fire of the enemy from his intrenched position at Pasig, on the
north side of the river. Opened fire upon his intrenchments from one gun on the road,
and placed the other upon a cliff or ridge extending at right angle to the Pasig ; occupied
the ridge with infantry and extended the Twentieth and Twenty-second (J. S. Infantry
to the right on the high ground in the direction of Pateros. One battalion of the Twenty-
second TJ. S. Infantry, under Captain Lockwood, and the squadron of Fourth U. S. Cav-
alry, under Major Rucker, attacked a force of the enemy in the direction of Pateros and
drove him beyond Taguig. The gunboat Laguna de Ba^/, under command of Captain
Grant, came up, and night closed with the enemy driven to the north side of Pasig.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 547
March J4.— Entended my line to the south and west of Pateros and reconnoitered the
country to the west and south. The cavahy engaged«the enemy in force in the direction
of Taguig, and drove him beyond that place. The enemy being intrenched in the bam-
boo thickets across the channel, near Pateros, the first Washington Volunteer Infantry
— one battalion, under Maj. J. J. Weisenburger — crossed the channel in cascos and by
swimming, stormed the intrenchments, and captured or killed all the rebels there. The
town of Pateros took fire and burned.
March 15,-1 sent one battalion of the Twentieth U. S. Infantry, under Major Rogers,
across the river at Pasig, brought up a gun, and shelled the intrenchments in front of
Pasig and to the left. The battalion of the Twentieth U. S. Infantry carried the city by
storm. Crossed a part of the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry below Pasig, and when
the rebels fled from Pasig they were exposed to a heavy flank Are from this detachment.
Sent the whole of the Twentieth U. S. Infantry over tf) Pasig, the regiment being taken
across upon the steam launch Maritime. Advanced the First Washington Volunteer
Infantry on my light to Taguig and captured about five hundred prisoners. Night
came on with the enemy in my front and on my right killed, captured, or dispersed.
The enemy lost at least one thousand men this day.
iltfarc/i i6'.— Instructed Lieutenant Colonel McCaskey, commanding Twentieth IJ. S.
Infantry, at Pasig, to clear the country in his immediate vicinity of any of the insurgents
who might be lurking near, and soon after received a dispatch from him that he had
sent out two battalions to be deployed as skirmishers to clear the island of Pasig. Soon
after, heavy and long-continued firing was heard to the east and north of Pasig. At 12
M. learned that Maj. William P. Rogers, commanding Third Battalion Twentieth U. S.
Infantry, had come upon the enemy, intrenched one thousand strong at the village of
Cienta, and that he had carried the intrenchments and burned the town, the enemy fly-
ing in the direction of Taytay. Major Rogers returned with his battalion to Pasig. In
this aflfair he lost two killed and fourteen wounded.
On the 17th of March, by direction of the corps commander, I returned the Twentieth
U. S. Infantry to Manila, relieving the regiment at Pasig by a part of the P'irst Wash-
ington Volunteer Infantry.
On the afternoon of March 18th a force of the enemy appeared in the vicinity of Tag-
uig, which was held by one company of the First Washington Volunteer Infantry.
Reeforced the place w^ith two companies of infantry and directed the colonel of the
Twenty-second U. S. Infantry to send one battalion of his regiment south of the position
held by his regiment and to the west of Taguig to ascertain the force of the enemy. The
enemy was found about eight hundred strong occupying the crests of the ridges, and a
spirited combat ensued, which was terminated by darkness. The Twenty-second had
twenty men killed and wounded in this afl'air. Among the wounded was Capt. Frank
B. Jones, Twenty-second Infantry, commanding the battalion. The enemy fell back
toward the south.
The morning of the 19th instant shortly after daylight I formed line, deployed in the
extended order facing to the south, as follows; Twenty-second U. S. Infantry and one
gun Sixth Artillery on the right; Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry (six companies),
center ; First Washington Volunteer Infantry (six companies), left. Advanced the line
and struck the enemy four miles south of Taguig. My line, wheeling to the left, partly
inclosed him toward the lake, and he was completely routed, with great loss. My left
pursued him down the lake fifteen miles from Taguig as far as San Pedro Tamisan, all
the houses along the lake to that point being burned. The enemy's intrenchments on
our left and in front of the First Washington Volunteer Infantry were carried, the
enemy leaving more than two hundred dead upon the field. Returned to the vicinity
of Pateros and there bivouacked, receiving orders to return the command to former
encampments near Manila, excepting that the First Washington Volunteer Infantry
was designated to hold Pasig, Pateros, and Taguig and adjacent country.
This ended the operations of the provisional brigade. In one week all his positions
that were attacked taken and his troops killed, captured, or dispersed ; the towns fromi
where he brought over troops or in which he resisted us burned or destroyed. He burned
Hosted by
Google
548 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
them himself. His loss in killed, wounded, and captured was not less than twenty-five
hundred men. "
I was ably supported and assisted hy the several regimental commanders through
the series of operations. I desire to call attention to the energetic conduct of Col. J. H.
Wholly, First Washington Volunteer Infantry, and the gallant conduct in action of
Maj. William P. Rogers, Twentieth IT. S. Infantry, and Maj, J. J. Weisehburger, First
Washington Volunteer Infantry, and to the gallant and meritorious services of Capt.
Frank B. Jones, Twenty-second U. S. Infantry. Second Lieut. E. D. Scott, Sixth U. S.
Artillery, rendered most efficient service with his guns, showing skill and intrepidity.
I desire to call attention to the very gallant conduct of Capts. Herbert S. Foster, James
A. Irons, and Benjamin Alvord, Twentieth Infantry, in the storming of Pasig and in
the combat at Cienta. I am indebted to Lieut. F. D. Webster, Twentieth U. S. Infantry,
aid-de-capip, and to Lieut. Charles R. Howland, Twentieth U. S. Infantry, aid-de-camp,
actingassistantadjutantgeneral, for valuable assistance; also to First Lieut. William
D. Connor, Corps of Engineers, acting aid.
Service both gallant and efficient was rendered by Capt. Elmore McKenna and Lieut.
Charles E. Kilbourne, Volunteer Signal Corps.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ^^^^ WHEATON,
Brigadier General, U. 8. F., Oommanding,
Report of Brigidier Generar Loyd Wheatpn, XJ. S. V., of Operations
of His Brigade, March 22 to 31, 1899.
Headquabtebs Thibd Brigade, FiKST Division, Eighth Army Corps,
Malolos, P. J., March SI, 1899,
Adjutant General, U. S. A.,
Washington, D. C.
Sib: Relating to the recent operations of this brigade in connection with the move-
ments of Major General Mac Arthur's Second Division, Eighth Army Corps, I have to-
report that I was directed in orders from headquarters Department of the Pacific and
Eighth Army Corps to report for temporary duty, with my brigade, to General Mac-
Arthur March 22, 1899. The brigade consisted of one battalion Third U. S. Infantry, just
landed from transport, Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, and eleven companies Second
Oregon Volunteer Infantry ; in all two thousand two hundred and forty-one officers
and men effective for duty.
The night of March 24th the brigade relieved the First Brigade, Second Division, Brig.
Gen. H. G. Otis, in the trenches extending from the left west of Caloocan to the vicinity
of La Loma Church. This disposition was made in the darkness without the enemy
gaining any knowledge of it, although his intrenchments were close in front and our
movements exposed to his short-range fire. The Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry
was placed on the left; Twenty-second U. S. Infantry on the right; the battalion Third
U. S. Infantry in the inclosure or wall about Caloocan church and near the center.
On March 25th soon after daylight, Major General MacArthur commenced his move-
ment by advancing his right brigade to attack the enemy in the trenches in his front
and to advance his right on Polo. Soon after, his left took up the movement and
advanced to the front and left, his artillery near the center advancing with the line.
As soon as his left brigades moved I advanced one battalion Twenty-second U. S.
Infantry on my right to cover the movement of the Third XJ. S. Artillery, foot, on Gen-
eral MacArthur's left. The turning movement having safficiently developed to threaten
the rebel intrenchments on their left flank, I directed that fire be opened on the rebel
intrenchments in my front by the guns of the Utah Volunteer Light Artillery, First
Lieut. Geor^ W. Gibbs and at 8.30 A. m. directed my whole line to advance in the follow-
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 549
ing order : Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, Col. H. C. Egbert, on ttie right to endeavor to
keep touch and communication with the Third U. S. Artillery, on the left of Otis's
brigade, MacArthur's Division; one Battalion Third U. S. Infantry, Captain Cooke,
center ; two companies on the east side of the railroad track and two on the west side ;
Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, Col. O. Summers, left extending to near the channel
separating Malabon from the mainland.
The rebels were found in their intrenchments in great force, and line after line of their
works were carried with the utmost gallantry. The roll of infantry fire was now con-
tinuous and intense, the heaviest fighing at this time falling on the Second Oregon Vol-
unteer Infantry and two companies of the Third U. S. Infantry.
By 11.30 A. M. the enemy was thrown to the line of intrenchments in my front along
the Tuliahan River, he having been driven from his successive lines of intrenchments
with great slaughter. I now brought two guns of the Utah Volunteer Light Artillery,
under Lieut. Geo. A. Seaman, from our line of works in front of Caloocan to a point on
the railroad track nine hundred yards from the bridge across the Tuliahan ; sent a
Hotchkiss revolving cannon to my extreme left to keep down the fire of the enemy com-
ing across the channel near Malabon. Shelled his blockhouses and intrenchments
along the river on the north bank.
A battalion of two companies of the Twenty-third Infantry (U. S.), one hundred and
fifty-nine officers and men, Capt. S. B. Pratt, having been sent out from the city, I placed
them on my right with instructions to connect with the left of Otis's brigade of Mac-
Arthur's division, which was done by fording the Tuliahan. Late in the afternoon I
- received a dispatch from Major General Mac Arthur that it was probable, owing to diffi-
cult country, he would not be able to place his right in Polo during the day, but hoped
to be there early next morning. I had now suspended my forward movement in order
that the enemy might not be driven beyond Polo or Malinta before the ground in that
vicinity had been seized by General MacArthur. Night closed with my right connecting
with Otis's brigade of the Second Division, and my line close to the Tuliahan, with the
enemy all driven to the north bank.
March 26th at daylight the indications were that the enemy was preparing to retreat.
The city of Malabon on my left was on fire and a stream of fugitive soldiers of the enemy
and inhabitants was pouring from the city toward the north. I directed Colonel Egbert
with his regiment, the Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, to ford the Tuliahan near my right
and form line perpendicular to the river, his right to the north, the left of the Twenty-
second to be supported by the battalion of the Twenty-third U. S. Infantry. By 11 A. m.
all entrenchments near the river were carried ; the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry
on the left meeting with an obstinate resistance. I crossed the river in person at this
time near the railroad bridge, and the rebels opened fire from an entrenchment halfway
from Malinta, from walls loopholed for musketry about the church and from entrench-
ments at Malinta. I directed the Twenty-second U. S. Infantry to form line facing the
intrenchments and to charge and carry them, which the regiment did with great gal-
lantry. Col. H. C. Egbert was mortally wounded in this charge and died soon after. At
the same time the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry on my left carried everything
before it. The Third Artillery now, about 12 m., entered Malinta, my right and the
Second Oregon, ray left, entering about the same time. The enemy fled north, pursued
by Major General MacArthur's center and right. Went into camp at Malinta with whole
brigade, the two remaining battalions of the Third U. S. Infantry having joined from
the transport about dark.
March 27. ~ Under orders from the division commander, left the Second Oregon Vol-
unter Infantry at Malinta and joined head of column with Third U. S. Infantry and
Twenty-second U. S. Infantry. The battalion of the Twenty-third U. S. Infantry was
returned to Manila. At 8.40 A. m. received a telegraphic dispatch from department com-
mander to be under his orders direct and to keep railroad open in the rear of General
MacArthur's division.
March ^5.— Marched Third and Twenty-second U. S. Infantry to Marilao.
Hosted by
Google
550 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
J/arc/?, ^.9 — Crossed the Marilao and marched up the raUroad. The Thirteenth Min-
nesota Infantry was assigned to my command,
March 50 — Column moved at 6.80 a. m. All trains left at Bocaue with one battalion
Twenty-second U. S. Infantry as guard. Column reached Guiguinto at 9.30 a. m., and
before dark the Third U. S. Infantry (Colonel Page) and two battalions Twenty-second
U, 8. Infantry were in bivouac one half mile in the rear of Major General MacArthur's
line of battle, one and one half to two miles from Malolos.
In conference with Major General MacArthur it was decided that I should support
his attack on the enemy's position in front of Malolos by supporting his right with three
battalions Third U. S. Infantry and left with two battalions Twenty-second tJ. S.
Infantry.
March 31 — Boon after daylight the five battalions mentioned were placed, deployed
in two lines of skirmishers, closed to two and one half paces interval, distance between
lines five hundred yards, the right and left battahons to lap over or beyond the line of
battle of the division. Action commenced about 7 a. m., the left occupying Malolos, the
enemy's capital, early in the day. I Avas with the right and opened fire on an intrench-
ment of the enemy with Hotchkiss revolving cannon soon after the line was formed.
After some maneuvering Hale's brigade in my front carried the enemy's works and
pursued him in the direction of Calumpit. The entire movement from our lines in front
of Caloocan to Malolos was a complete success.
Great damage and heavy loss in killed and wounded has been inflicted upon the
rebels and nowhere was the enemy able to considerably retard our advance. He wasJn
strong force in front of our lines on March 25th. In front of my brigade his intrench- .
ments were held by not less than four thousand men, mostly armed with Mauser rifles.
The conduct of our ofiicers and men was distinguished by daring and the utmost
energy. I desire to express the highest admiration for the distinguished gallantry of
Col. H. C. Egbert, Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, who fell at Malinta during the charge
of his regiment upon the enemy's intrenchments. He should be held in grateful remem-
brance by his countrymen.
The gallant conduct of Col. O. Summers, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, on
March 25th and 26th, is worthy of the highest praise. He maneuvered his regiment with
ability and did excellent service, inspiring his command, which fought with great
courage and determination. The conduct of Capt. .lohn G. Ballance, Twenty-second U. S.
Infantry, was distinguished for courage and skill . His abili ty in handling the battalion
he commanded under the enemy's fire is worthy of the highest consideration.
I am indebted for the valuable assistance of Capt, H. C. Cabell, Third U. S. Infantry.
Captain and Assistant Adjutant General of Volunteers; First Lieut, F. D. Webster,
Twentieth U. S. Infantry, aide-de-camp ; First Lieut. HE. Ely, Twenty-second Infantry,
Brigade Quartermaster and Acting Commissary of Subsistence ; Second Lieut. W. D.
Connor, Corps of Engineers, acting aide-de-camp; and Second Lieut. A. P. Hayne, Bat-
tery A, California Volunteer Heavy Artillery, acting aide-de-camp. They carried my
orders to all parts of the field during these operations. They have my thanks for the
courage and abihty with which they conveyed my orders. Maj. G. F. Shields, Brigade
Surgeon of Volunteers, rendered valuable service in bringing wounded from the most
exposed places and in many instances conveying my orders under the heaviest fire of
the enemy.
very respectfully, LOYD WHEATON,
Brigadier General, TJ. S. V., Commanding.
Headquakteks Third Brigade, First Division, Eighth Army Corps,
Malolos, P. I., April 13, 1899.
Adjutant General, U, S. A.,
WasJiington, D. C.
Sir: At 1 o'clock a. m. thd 11th instant I received a dispatch from the commanding
officer at Bigaa that the enemy hacl attacked in force at Bocaue; that he was attacked
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 551
and tliat he wanted reinforcements. In compliance with instvuctions from Major Gen-
eral MacArthur, commanding Second Division, Eighth Army Corps, I immediately
proceeded (on foot) in the direction of points attacked, taking with me a detachment of
twenty-flve men of the Fourth U. S. Cavalry (dismounted) under command of Lieut.
Charles Boyd, Fourth U. S. Cavalry. Upon reaching a company of the Thirteenth Min-
nesota Volunteer Infantry, encamped two and one half miles south of Malolos and along
the railroad track, I found an additional company had been sent there from Guiguinto.
I directed the company to follow me, and also one platoon of the other companj'-. Upon
arriving at the bridge, one mile or less from Guiguinto, I ordered the company there to
follow me.
I arrived at Guiguinto as the enemy attacked the outposts. The commanding officer
seemed to have made no adequate preparations for combat. I immediately deployed
the whole force, amounting to about four hundred men, along the railroad track, and
pushed, by hand, the armored train lying there into position to command the ground
east and north of Guiguinto.
The enemy now attacked by firing from all the bamboo thickets and timber near the
station and north and east of the depot. I opened fire from the six-pound rifle and
Hotchkiss revolving cannon and two machine guns on the armored train. The whole
infantry line opened fire and before daylight the enemy was driven off and dispersed.
I then proceeded to Bigaa, taking the troops at Guiguinto with me and leaving the detach-
ment Fourth U. S. Cavalry to guard the station until relieved by troops sent from
Malolos by the division commander. The armored train I had pushed by hand.
Drove the enemy from the vicinity of Bigaa and taking the troops there, excepting
detachment left as guard, proceeded to Bocaue. Upon arriving within a mile of that
place I found the troops yet engaged. Opened on the enemy with machine guns and
attacked him with infantry deployed in extended order, and drove him in flight in the
direction of Santa Maria and east of Bocaue. Found that there had been a spirited
combat at Bocaue and that the four companies of infantry in the vicinity had preserved
the railroad intact and had inflicted loss upon the enemy.
Learned that the three companies of the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry at Mari-
lao had been attacked by about four hundred rebels, who were driven off. The telegraph
line between Bocaue and Marilao had been cut in several places and it was not until
afternoon that the line was restored. The enemy had attacked in considerable force all
the places held by troops from Marilao to Guiguinto, inclusive; he was beaten off every-
where by daylight, and driven from the vicinity of all stations before 6.B0 a. m. I ordered
four companies. Second Oregon from Maljnta and two from Marilao, and with two com-
panies. Second Oregon at Bocaue, assembled at that point two battalions of the regiment
and had there the entire Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. Major General
MacArthur sent me from Malolos one 3.2-inch gun and one Hotchkiss revolving cannon.
At daylight the morning of the I'ith instant I moved on Santa Maria with this force.
Opened upon the position and intrenchments of the enemy at that place with artillery
and advanced the infantry in extended order.
The enemy, eleven companies of infontry, offered a feeble resistance and fled north
and east of Santa Maria. Sent strong detachments on all north and east roads. They
pursued the enemy in every direction, but were unable to come up with him, as he had
dispersed. Returned to Bocaue during the afternoon and from there sent troops to the
several stations they occupied before the enemy's attack upon the points held by our
troops along the railroad. From information obtained from prisoners and from escaped
Spanish refugees it was learned that this attack upon our communications was made
under the orders and supervision of Aguinaldo, who was at Santa Maria the 11th
instant.
The loss of the enemy, as near as could be ascertained, was about two hundred and
fifty killed and wounded.
Thanks are due Col. Owen Summers, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, for prompt
cooperation, and to Capt. H. C'. Cabell for ably assisting me ; also to First Lieut. F. D.
Webster, Twentieth U. S. Infantry, aide-de-camp, and First Lieut. H. E. Ely, Twenty-
Hosted by
Google
552 OKEGON V0LUNTEP:RS in SPANISH WAR.
second U, S. Infantry; Acting? Assislant Quartermaster and Ac Ling Commissary of Sub-
sistence. Major Bell, U. S. Volunteer Engineers of Major General MacArthur's staff",
rendered valuable service on the 12th instant, and had charge of an important recon-
noissance made from Santa Maria.
Very respectfully,
LOYD WHEATON,
Brigadier General^ U. S. F"., Commanding.
Report of Gol. O. Summers, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry,
of Operations of His Regiment, March S4 to 31, 1899.
Headquarters Second Oregon Infantry, U. S.V.,
In the Meld, Malinta, P. I., April 10, 1899.
Assistant Adjutant General,
Third Brigade, First Division, Eighth Army Corps, Malolos, P. I,
Sir: In compliance with Instructions, I have the honor to submit the following
report of the operations of my command from March 24 to 31, 1899, inclusive:
In compliance with written instructions of the brigade commander, dated March 23,
1899, field staff, noncommissioned staff, First Battalion, Maj. Percy Willis, commanding ;
Company B, Capt. John C. May, commanding, First Lieut. Frank B. Hamlin, Second
Lieut. E. Thornton, and eighty-one men ; Company E, Capt. R. B. Davis, commanding.
First Lieut. T.N. Dunbar, Second Lieut. M. S.Jameson, and sixty-seven men ; Conipany
I, First Lieut. M. D. Phillips, commanding, Second Lieut. J. U. Campbell, and seventy-
seven men ; Capt, J. M. Poorman, commanding, First Lieut, W. B. Finzer, Second Lieut.
C. R. Platts, and seventy-nine men; Second Battalion, Maj. P. G. Eastwick, Jr., com-
manding; Company C, Capt. W. S. Moon, commanding, First Lieut. R. S. Huston, and
seventy-eight men ; Company F, Capt. J. F. Case, commanding, First Lieut. Edwin
Grimm, Second Lieut, C. H. Meussdorflfer, Jr., and seventy-three men ; Company G,
Capt. R. H. Barber, commanding, Second Lieut. D. J. Sutton, and seventy-four men;
Company K, C^pt. E. O. Worrick, commanding, Second Lieut. C. A; Murphy, and eighty
men ; Third Battalion, Capt. H. L. Heath, commanding ; Company A, First Lieut.
F. S. Kelly, commanding. Second Lieut- J. A. Young, and eighty-four men ; Company D,
Capt. A. F. Prescott, commanding, First Lieut. George A. Hartman, Jr., and seventy-six
men; Company L, Capt. H. C. Wells, commanding, First Lieut. George F. Telfer, and
sixty-nine men; Hospital detachment, U. S, Hospital Corps, First Lieut. C. F. de May,
nine men, and wagon train, left Camp Hughes at 7.30 o'clock a. m. on the morning
of March 21, 1899, and marched to Caloocan, a distance of about five miles, arriving at
9.30 A. M. At nightfall companies entered the trenches, and remained during the night,
relieving the Twentieth Kansas, U. S. Volunteers, March 25, 1899.
March 25, 1899, after receiving instructions from the brigade commander, left trencbes
at 8.30 o'clock A. m., forming a skirmish line on the extreme left of the line, the Twenty-
second U. S. Infantry being on the right, and advanced upon the enemy. Were met by
very hot fire and resistance on the part of the enemy from all sides and from Malabon.
Took trenches by successive charges and rushes, and drove the enemy in disorder across
tbe Tuliahan River, east of Malabon. During the advance, Company G, Lieutenant Han-
nay commanding, and Company M, Captain Day commanding; Third CJ. S. Infantry,
and one company of the First Montana, U.S. Volunteer Infantry, reported to me on
the line for duty, and remained with my command during the evening, doing excellent
service. Arriving at the river the line was extended from the causeway leading into
Malabon on the left, to the right of the stone bridge across the Tuliahan River on the
right. Companies A, L, and D, on the left, throwing up intrenchments. During the day a
continual fire was kept up by the insurgent sharpshooters in and about Tinajeros and
from Malabon trenches on the left. At this point was stationed a revolving Hotchkiss
cannon, under charge of Corporal Dusenberry, Utah Battery, to whom too much praise
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 553
can not be given for the excellent work and execution done by him. Toward evening
the fire from the enemy was silenced, and, in accordance with instructions, bivouacked
for the night. Distance traveled, two niiles.
The following morning, in compliance with instructions, regiment crossed the river
and entered Tinajeros, and forming line of skirmishers, facing toward Polo and Obando,
with the Third Battalion as reserve, advanced about one thousand yards and await-
ing orders. At 11 o'clock a. m. in compliance with orders, the line was advanced par-
allel with road leading to Bulacan; here the enemy was encountered, very strongly
intrenched in a series of trenches, which were taken by successive charges in face of a
hot fire from the enemy in front, a flank fire on the right from across the Tuliahan
River, and also from trenches obout one thousand five hundred to two thousand yards
on the left flank north of Malabon, covered by heavy bamboo thickets. Enemy were
entirely dislodged, and retreated in disorder toward Bulacan and Polo. There being no
enemy in front of us, returned, under orders, to Malinta, and went into camp, arriving
at 4.30 o'clock p. m. Distance traveled, about seven miles. The enemy estimated at
about two thousand five hundred to three thousand strong and their loss in killed and
wounded was considerable.
After the advance upon the enemy was commenced, Prince Loewenstein (with com-
panion) was found mortally wounded inside insurgent lines taken by our forces, having
previously passed through our lines ; was warned by commanding officer not to go far-
ther than advance guard, but insisted upon going. When warned by the commanding
officer that he went at bis own peril and risk, replied that he understood so, and that he
went at his own risk.
March ^7, 1S9.9.— Companies A, L, and M took station at Caloocan and performed
train-guard duty, the remaining companies remaining in camp at Malinta.
March 9.8, :?5PS'.— Companies D and E, Captain Prescott commanding, took station at
Malabon, and performed guard and patrol duty.
Major Willis, in command of Company I (Lieutenant Phillips), and one platoon of
Company B (Captain May) left camp at 8 o'clock A. m., and marched north to Polo, enter-
ing from the east over stone bridge. Passed through Polo to Obando Church, marched
south on Malabon road one mile and turned west, crossing several slougt^s on bamboo
bridges, and entered Malabon from the north ; large buildings in the southern part of
town were burning. Many natives and Chinese in city. On leaving city, marched south-
west on causeway leading to Caloocan. One section (twenty feet) of stone bridge des-
troyed, causeway cut in places, and trenches thrown up. Returned to camp at 3.45 p. m.
Distance traveled, about twelve miles.
Major Eastwick, in command of Company C (Captain Moon), and one platoon of
Company G (Lieutenant Sutton) left camp at 8.80 A. m. Marched east about two miles ;
country deserted, with the exception of a few old men and women. At a point about
two miles from camp, advance guard sighted a number of natives carrying bundles and
going northeast. Were flred upon on refusing to halt. After going east, moved in col-
umn of files northwest, captured two natives with knives. Formed in skirmish line
and advanced two nailes north and northwest, crossing railroad, and returned through
Polo district, arriving at 12.35 p. m. Distance traveled, about six miles. No casualties.
March 29, 1899,— Ma^or Willis's Battalion, Companies B and I, left camp at 1.45 p. m.
and marched northeast about five miles, from which point many natives — women,
children, and some men (a few in uniform), were seen going north. Forced skirmish
line and turned west. Natives scattered in all directions. Traveled west two and one
half miles ; then southwest three and one half miles to near railroad bridge ; then south
on railroad, arriving at camp at 8 o'clock p. m. Distance traveled thirteen ond one half
miles. Eleven prisoners captured. No casualties.
March 50 and 31, 15.99.— Different companies of the regiment retained relative posi-
tions of preceding day, performing guard, outpost, and patrol duty.
In concluding this, my report, I wish to respectfully call your attention to the great
appreciation of myself toward every officer and member of my command for their strict
compliance with orders and the successful termination of every duty assigned to them.
Hosted by
Google
554 OREGON yOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
It would be impossible for me at this time to make any specific mention of any officer
or member of my regiment for any conspicuous bravery or actions during these several
engagements, as every one proved equal to the tasks assigned them and performed them
to the very best of their ability. However, I will ha,ve communications sent to the com-
manding officers of the several organizations of this regiment and ask them for their
report on any meritorious cases of conspicuous bravery while in action, and will for-
ward the same to you if, in my judgment, they are worthy of your consideration.
Respectfully,
O. Summers,
Colonel Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V.
Casualties. —MshYch. 25, 1899: Birt J. Clark, private, Company A, killed; William A.
Cook, private, Company D, killed; Gruy Millard, private, Company L, killed; L. V.
Strawderman, private, Company L, killed; H. B. Taylor, private, Company L, killed ;
H. K. Wells, captain Company L, wounded in stomach by spent ball ; A. J. Brazee, first
lieutenant Company E, and battalion adjutant, wounded in left forearm; George C.
Snyder, private, Company A, wounded in upper right chest ; Frank H. Thompson, pri-
vate, Company A, wounded in head ; William B. TJngerman, private, Company A,
wounded in scrotum and right thigh ; Herman P. Adams, private, Company B, wounded
below heart; William J. Armitage, private. Company B, wounded in arm; Elvin J.
Crawford, wagoner, Company C, wounded in head; Bert B. Chandler, private, Company
C, wounded in head ; Earl Mount, private. Company C, wounded in right arm ; Elmer
C. Roberts, private, Company C, wounded in right side ; James E. Snodgrass, private,
Company C, wounded in right knee; James West, first sergeant, Company D, wounded
in right arm and left leg ; Lee A. Morelock, sergeant, Company D, wounded in left foot ;
J. C. Headlie, private, Company D, wounded in right arm and upper chest; W. E.
Searcy, private. Company D, w^ounded through both buttocks; Asa L. Roberts, corporal.
Company D, wounded in left ankle; John E. Davis, private. Company E, wounded in
left shoulder ; Jacob N. Smith, private, Company E, wounded in head ; Charles Ruedy,
private, Company F, wounded in head; Charles A. Marcy, private, Company G,
wounded in right side; Albert N. Jordan, private^ Company G, wounded in both legs ;
Eugene Sampson, private. Company G, wounded in right arm; George Eichhamer, pri-
vate, Company G, wounded in abdomen; George W. Spicer, private. Company G,
wounded in upper jaw ; Rudolph Gantenbein, corporal, Company I, wounded in right
leg ; Ray L. Antrim, private, Company K, wounded in left leg ; Emmet L. Jones, pri-
vate, Company K, wounded in back; John Jensen, private, Company K, wounded in
left thigh ; William F. Schwarz, private. Company K, wounded in left shoulder ; W. W.
Wilson, sergeant, Company L, wounded in right hand; Guy N. Saunders, private, Com-
pany L, wounded in right arm and neck ; G. E. Saunders, private, Company L, wounded
in left leg; Charles R. Rubart, private. Company L, wounded in right leg; W. T. Allen,
private, Company L, wounded in thigh ; B. F. Dunseth, private, Company L, wounded
in right foot; John A. Bailey, private, Company L, wounded in right arm and hand ;
Frank E. Adams, private, Company L, wounded in right side; Brady F. Burnett, cor-
poral, Company M, wounded in right shoulder; L. H. Holland, corporal, Company M,
wounded in left shoulder ; John Blosser, private. Company M, wounded in back side of
face; Emmet Casper, private, Company M, wounded in right foot; A. J. Galiff, private,
Company M, wounded in right arm; Ed. J. Colgan, quartermaster-sergeant, Company
K, injured in leg by piece of bursting shell striking leg; Edward Jaques, private. Com-
pany M, injured in left hand by rifle exploding.
March 25, 1899.— Lteo B. Grace, private. Company A, wounded in neck ; Frank Wood-
rufr, private. Company C, wounded in left heel; Richard E. Brickdale, Jr., private,
Company F, wounded in left leg; E. C. Thornton, private. Company G, wounded in left
hand; Frank E. Edwards, corporal. Company M, wounded through both legs; Daniel
C. Bowman, private, Company D, injured in hand by accidental discharge of rifle.
Hosted by
Google
REPORT
OF
MAJ. GEN. H. W. LAWTON, U. S. V.,
OF SAN ISIDRO OR NORTHBiRN EXPEDITION, APRIL 22 TO MAY 30, 1899.
Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps,
Manila, P. J., September 26, 1899.
Adjutant General United States Army,
Washington, D. C.
Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of an expedi-
tion in the provinces of Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, and Panapanga, covering the period April
21 to May 80, 1899.
The object of this expedition was to operate in the country north of Manila, between
the mountains on the east and the Rio Grande de Pampanga on the west, with San
Miguel as the first objective. It was arranged that the main column should assemble at
La Loma Church on the evening of the 21st of April and march to Novaliches the 22d,
thence to San Jostj the 22d and to Norzagaray the 24th ; that a second column under
Colonel Summers, of the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, should march from Bocaue
the 23d and join the main column at Norzagaray the 24th. In the mean time General
Mac Arthur was to attack at Calumpit April 24 th ; carrying that place he was to proceed
northeast and form a junction with this column at or near San Miguel.
The arrival of this column at Norzagary and on the flank of the enemy on the date
fixed for the attack on Calumpit was arranged with the purpose of attracting the atten-
tion of the enemy in that position, and holding as large a force in that vicinity as pos-
sible to prevent the reenforcement of Calumpit.
As will be observed from the following report, many changes necessarily occurred in
the original plan, and the objective was, after the fall of San Miguel, extended to San
Isidro.
To carry out the verbal instructions received from the department commander, the
following orders were issued :
General Orders, ) Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps,
No. 20. j Manila, P. J., April 19, 1899.
The following named troops of this command will hold themselves in readiness to
march on receipt of notice:
Twenty-second U. S. Infantry.
Gale's squadron, Fourth U. S. Cavalry (dismounted).
First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
Two field guns, Scott's battery (D, Sixth Artillery).
Two mountain guns, Hawthorne's separate battery.
The command will be supplied with ten days' rations, and each man will carry on
his person 100 rounds of ammunition, and 100 rounds per man will be taken in reserve.
The (Quartermaster's Department will furnish the necessary transportation. As trans-
portation is very limited, the command must be equipped in the lightest possible
marching order. Nothing whatever will be permitted to be transported except rations
and ammunition and the least possible equipment for officers. Wagons must be loaded
to 8,000 pounds and carts to 1,600 pounds, exclusive of forage taken for the animals.
The chief quartermaster of the division will temporarily perform the duties of chief
commissary of subsistence.
Hosted by
Google
556 OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IK SPANISH WAB..
The teams oa the march will be under the control of the chief quartermaster and will
march in the rear of the command in the order which the troops are marched.
The regimental and battalion trains will be in charge of the regimental and battalion
quartermasters, or, in case there is no such officer, then a suitable and competent ser-
geant, who will report to and be under the direction of the chief quartermaster on the
m.arch.
Capt. G. H. G. Gale, Fourth U. S. Cavalry, is announced as provost marshal of the
expedition, and his squadron will form the provost guard. Straggling, looting, pillag-
ing, burning, or the commission of any unlawful excesses on the part of any member of
this command is prohibited, and the provost marshal will exert himself to prevent the
same.
The officers representing the various staft\M>rps on duty at these headquarters will be
held responsible that their respective departments are properly equipped and provided
for any emergency that may arise on this expedition.
The inspector general will ascertain by personal investigation that the command is
properly equipped and supplied as contemplated in this order.
Communication will be maintained with this command on this expedition by field
telegraph. Capt. E. A. McKenna, U. S. Volunteer Signal Corps, who has been acting as
chief signal officer of this division, will take the necessary steps to accomplish this
object.
By command of Major General Lawton :
Ci^ARENCE R. Edwards,
A fiHistant Adjutant General.
In addition to those mentioned in the above order, the following-named organizations
were detached from the Second Division for duty with the expedition: Two battalions
(Companies F, G, H, M, and A, C, K, L), Third U. S. Infantry; two battalions (Com-
panies A, B, I, L, and F, G, K), Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry; two battalions
(Companies G, K, L, M, and 0, D, E, H), Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry;
Troop 1, Fourth U. S. Cavalry (mounted), and one gun, Utah Volunteer Light Artillery.
The battalions of the Third Infantry were camped north of this city near La Loma
Church ; the other organizations were farther north and in the vicinity Of the railway.
It was arranged by the department commander that, with the exception of the bat-
talions of the Third Infantry, the troops from the Second Division would cpncentrate at
Bocaue, and, marching via Santa Maria, make a juncture with the main column at or
near Norzagaray. Maj. C. G. Starr, inspector general, U. S. V., was sent, April 21, to
Bocaue to conduct that column.
At 5 o'clock p. M., Apiil 21, 1899, the troops mentioned in General Orders No. 21, cur-
rent series, these headquarters given above, were concentrated near La Loma Church,
about four miles north of Manila, in obedience to verbal instructions conveyed by staff
officers, and bivouacked for the night.
The battalions of the Third Infantry, Capt. J. W. Hannay, of that regiment, com-
manding, were encamped about a mile distant. Captain Hannay reported his command
for duty with the expedition, and received verbal instructions to join the column
directed to march next morning, as indicated in the following order :
General Field Orders, j Headquarters First Division,
No. 1. J Eighth Army Corps,
In the Field, near La Loma Church, Manila, April 21, 1899.
This command will march at 5 o'clock to-morrow morning, the 22d instant, in the fol-
lowing order:
First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry, which will constitute the advance guard of
this command.
Hawthorne's separate mountain battery.
Twenty-second U. S. Infantry.
Third U. S. Infantry.
Scott's platoon. Dyer's Battery.
Gale's squadron. Fourth U. S. Cavalry, which will constitute the rear guard of this
command.
The trains will form on the road in the above order, as indicated in General Orders,
No. 20, current series, these headquarters, under the charge of the chief quartermaster.
The rear guard will march in rear of the wagon trains.
No one, other than those authorized, will march with the trains. These authorized
persons will be provided with written authority approved by the commanding officer of
their regiment.
Under no circumstances will any person be permitted to ride on wagons or carts.
Ambulances will march in rear of troops just in advance of the wagon train.
Proper and suitable dispositions will be made by the commanders of advance guards
to insure the safety of the command on the march. In columns the sharpshooiers will
be held in readiness to be instantly deployed on either flank in case of attack or alarm.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
557
The niarcti will be in the direction of Novaliches. A staff officer will accompany the
advance guard to indicate the road.
The Signal Corps detachment will operate under the instructions of the chief signal
officer.
The principles set forth above will obtain on the march until further orders. With
the exception of the artillery, which will retain its relative position in column, oraniza-
tions will advance in column daily, the advance guard of one day forming the rear guard
of the day following.
By command of Major General Law ton:
Giu AEExcE R. Edwards,
Affsistant Adjutant General.
As reported by their respective commanding officers the effective strength of the
several organizations forming the command at La Loma was as follows :
Third U. S. Infantry (8 companies)
Twenty-second U. S. Infantry
Squadron Fourth U. S. Cavalry
North Dakota Volunteer Infantry (8 companies)
Scott's platoon (D, Sixth Artillery)
Hawthorne's separate mountain battery
Total
17
683
22
945
3
218
21
453
1
82
1
23
66
2,354
At 5 o'clock A. M., April 22d, the column formed and marched northward toward
Novaliches.
After proceeding about six miles a small force of the enemy was encountered. But
little resistance was met, the enemy falling back rapidly on the deployment of the first
five companies of the North Dakotas. After driving the enemy for about a mile, column
was reformed and the march continued.
The enemy in greater force was developed about a mile farther on, meeting our
advance with a determined resistance, pouring in a fire from both sides of the road.
Four companies of the North Dakotas were deployed and brought into action, routing
the insurgents, who were driven back about two miles across the Rio de Tuliahan and
through Novaliches, which was occupied by our troops about 10 A. m.
Our casualties were two enlisted men, First North Dakotas, wounded, and several
cases of heat prostration.
Considerable difficulty was experienced in crossing the transportation over the river,
the north bank of which is solid rock through which no suitable approach to the ford
for wagons had ever been constructed.
During the afternoon the pickets of the Twenty-second Infantry on the northeast
side of the village were fired on by the enemy, who was intrenched on a hillside near
the San Mateo road, about one thousand seven hundred yards distant. Scott's artillery
platoon was brought into position, and with shell and shrapnel temporarily silenced
the enemy, scattering shots continuing throughout the night.
An ambulance had been telegraphed for to takein the wounded men whose condition
was so serious as to prevent their continuing with the expedition. It arrived about
midnight and immediately returned to Manila, reaching there next morning without
incident.
It seemed probable that the insurgents who had moved off to the northeast would
close in behind us on our advance to the northward next morning and destroy our
telegraph line. An additional supply of ammunition would be needed if continued
opposition was met along the line of march. Both of these matters were brought to the
attention of the department commander, and information received that a detachment
would be sent to keep up the telegraph line as long as possible and that additional
ammunition would be supplied in a few days.
The town being entirely deserted by the inhabitants, the troops occupied nipa huts
as quarters for the night. Everything of value including rice and other provisions, had
been removed before the arrival of our troops.
Hosted by
Google
558 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
At 5 o'clock next morning, the 23d invStant, the command was again on the move
northward, San Jos6 being the objective point.
Telegraphic instructions were sent Major Starr, at Bocaue, to push his cavalry for-
ward and open communication with the main column when near Norzagaray.
On leaving Novaliches the road which up to that village had been, with the exception
of the approaches to the ford, passable for wagons and carts, now became a mere foot-
path. Great diflflculty was experienced in moving the wagon train, the "road" leading
over a succession of hills and through deep valleys. On the former the troops and
animals were exposed to the burning rays of the sun and in the latter they labored
through jungle and mud holes. The trail was rough, and the heat so intense it was
necessary to unhitch the carabao on many of the divides and lead them down to the
water holes to soak for half an hour, thus greatly impeding the progress of the train.
Headquarters Tbird and Twenty-second regiments of infantry and Scott's artillery
platoon reached the ford crossing the Pasunkambor River, about two miles south of San
Jos6, at 3.30 o'clock p. m., and rested for the night.
The squadron — Fourth Cavalry, Hawthorne's Battery, and the North Dakotas, with
the wagon train, went into camp about four miles in rear ; the men and animals being
almost completely exhausted. The advance during the day had been without contact
with the enemy.
Early next morning, April 24th, the Twenty-second Infantry and Scott's artillery
platoon were sent forward, accompanied by Capt. W. E. Birkhimer, of the division
staff, to reconnoiter the town of San Jos6. None of the enemy was encountered and the
town was occupied about 8 o'clock a. m.
The Third United States Infantry was posted at the approaches to the ford, where
the advance portion of the column had rested the night before, to protect the passage of
the transportation.
The remainder of the command, with the wagon train, resumed the advance toward
the river. The same conditions (or worse, if possible) as on the day previous continued
to impede the progress of the wagon train. Captain Gale, with his dismounted squadron
of the Fourth Cavalry, furnished the advance guard and convoy of the train, and with
his entire command rendered valuable aid assisting in building bridges and making
roads. Lieutenant Hawthorne, with his mountain battery detachment, Maj. George
Penrose a:nd Lieutenant Kemp, of the Medical Corps, with their hospital squads and
Chinese litter bearers, lent willing hands to overcome what frequently appeared insur-
mountable obstacles to further progress. But of the North Dakotas, commanded by
Lieutenant Colonel Treumann, it is desired to express special appreciation. They
exchanged their well-performed duties of advance guard of the day before for the labor-
ious ones of rear guard of the two days necessary to reach Norzagaray. This regiment
had orders to leave nothing behind, and literally carried transportation over bad places
and put squads of men in the shafts to replace worn out and dead bulls. Every service
— even to the use of pick and shovel — was performed by each, from the colonel down to
the private, with the commendable earnestness that has given this regiment its reputa-
tion for cheerful and effective accomplishment of any task set it.
About 1 o'clock p. M., April 24th, Lieutenant Boyd with his mounted Troop I, Fourth
Cavalry, reached San Jos6, bringing information of the arrival of the Bocaue column,
under Colonel Summers, at Norzagaray; returning to Norzagaray with his troops the
same day.
The wagon train of the main column arrived at San Jose during the night. Both
men and animals completely worn out.
For the movement on the morning of April 25th the following instructions were
given :
Headquarteks First Division and Eighth Army Corps,
San Jose, Luzon, April 9,h, 1899.
MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR.
The command will be prepared to march as usual to-morrow, the 25th instant, as soon
as it is practicable to get the transportation on the road. Each separate command will
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 559
be accompanied by its transportation and is charged with the assistance and safe con-
duct of the same.
Captain Gale's squadron of the Eourth Cavalry will accompany the commanding
general as escort. With the above exception, the command Mill move out in the follow-
ing order:
Third U. S. Infantry, advance guard.
Hawthorne's mountain battery.
First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
Scott's artillery platoon.
Ambulances.
Twenty-second Infantry, rear guard.
Transportation will be carefully inspected and loads reduced to the miDimum
By command of Major General Lawton :
Clarence R. Edwards,
Assistant Adjutant General.
As directed, the column resumed the advance in the morning at the usual hour. The
commanding general and staff, accompanied by Troop L, Fourth Cavalry, as escort,
moved out without waiting for the column, headquarters arriving at Norzagaray about
12.80 p. M. without incident, the escort coming in about an hour later.
Colonel Summers reported that his column had left Bocaue April 23d ; that soon after
crossing the Rio Guyon at 2.45 p. m. the enemy was encountered by the cavalry, which
was in advance; a battalion of the Oregon was deployed and the advance continued,
meeting with but slight resistance until the bluffs overlooking Norzagaray were
reached ; here two battalions and the cavalry engaged the enemy until darkness came
on, when they rested for the night. On the following morning the enemy was driven
out of Norgazaray and across the river, the town being occupied about 7 a. m.
Our casualties: Three enhsted men. Thirteenth Minnesota, and one enlisted man.
Fourth Cavalry, wounded ; one horse killed. He had then sent a battalion of the Thir-
teenth Minnesota down the river toward Angat to reconnoiter the road in that direc-
tion. Captain Heath's battalion, Second Oregon, and Troop I, Fourth U. S. Cavalry,
were sent toward San Jos6 to open communication with the main column.
Major Eastwick's battalion of the Second Oregon, Captain Spear's battalion of the
Thirteenth Minnesota, and detachment of Utah Volunteer Light Artillery left Norza-
garay about 6 o'clock the morning of the 25th and advanced toward Angat. The enemy
was encountered in considerable force. After a spirited engagement, during which the
artillery was brought into action, the insurgents evacuated the town and took up a
position across the river, the fire from which was silenced ; a portion of the town was
burned, and the troops returned to Norzagaray. Casualties: One enlisted man. Thir-
teenth Minnesota, wounded.
While the engagement at Angat was in progress troops in camp at Norzagaray were
fired on by the enemy from across the river ; this kept up for some time, but was finally
silenced.
The effective strength of the Bocaue column was as follows :
Troop I, Fourth Infantry
Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteer Cavalry
Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry
Detachment Utah Volunteer Light Artillery _
Total .
50
63
561
490
15
1,129
Which, with the main column, gave a grand total of one hundred and sixteen officers
and four thousand four hundred and seventy-three men.
April 26th the Third and Twenty-second Infantry, the first North Dakota, and Haw-
thorne's mountain battery were put into camp at Angat.
The following orders were issued reorganizing the troops from the Second Division
(Bocaue column):
Hosted by
Google
560 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Genebal Field Oedeks, ] Headquarters First Division,
No. 2. ) Eight Army Corps.
Norzagaray, Luzon, April 26, 1899.
(1) The First and Second battalions, Second Orggon Volunteer Infantry, and the
Second and Third battalions, Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, having reported
at these headquarters in obedience to Field Orders No. 21, headquarters Second Division,
Eighth Army Corps, April 20, 1899, are constituted a provisional brigade.
(2) Colonel Summers, Second Oregon Infantry, is assigned to command the provis-
ional brigade, constituted in the preceding paragraph.
(8) Troop I, Fourth U. S. Cavalry, having reported at these headquarters in compli-
ance with verbal instructions from the commanding general Second Division, Eighth
Army Corps, will report for duty under the immediate direction of the Division com-
mander.
(4) The section of the Utah Volunteer light artillery which reported at these head-
quarters in compliance with verbal instructions from the commanding general Second
Division, Eighth Army Corps, is attached to Scott's platoon, Battery D, Sixth Artillery.
The section commander will accordingly report without delay.
(5) Commanding officers will frequently inspect their transportation and keep the
loads at the minimum;
(6) In view of the small amount of ammunition with the command, every precaution
will be taken to prevent its unnecessary use.
By command of Major General Lawton :
Clarence R. Edwards,
Assista7it Adjutant General.
April 26th the mounted troop was sent on reconnoissance along the west bank of
river, and about two miles west from Angat, toward Marunco, encountered the enemy
in force, reported to be about five hundred,— two hundred being actually counted by
Captain Birkhimer, of the division staff. At the same time one battalion of the Oregon's
underMajorEastwick forded the river just above Norzagaray and drove the enemy from
the country opposite Marunco. Major Eastwick reported an insurgent loss of six or
seven killed and nine prisioners captured.
On the morning of April 27th the troops at Norzagaray, with the exception of Troop
I, Fourth Cavalry, moved down the left bank of the river to Angat and went into camp
at that point, except Colonel Summers's brigade, which continued down the river and
w6nt into camp at Marunco.
On the report of Lieutenant Boyd that the enemy was trying to cross the river at
Norzagaray, two companies of the Twenty-second Infantry were sent from Angat to
that point April 27th.
April 28th, Capt. J. F. Case, acting engineer officer of the expedition, escorted by one
battalion each of the Oregon and Minnesota regiments, commanded by Major Diggles,
made a reconnoissance north from Angat for the purpose of locating any roads or trails
leading in that direction. The enemy was developed in small force, but was soon dis-
persed by a flank movement. The party then returned to Marunco, having failed to find
a road of any description other than a narrow sled path.
Telegraphic communication was established with Manila, via Bocaue, April 28th, and
the occupation of Marunco reported to the adjutant general of the department, as was
also a contemplated movement on San Rafael, to take place the day following. For this
movement two columns were organized: One, consisting of the Provisional Brigade and
Hawthorne's mountain battery, under command of Colonel Summers, to move down
the right bank of the river and occupy San Rafael ; the other consisting of the First
North Dakota, Third U. S. Infantry, and Scott's artillery platoon, to move down the left
bank, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Treumann, to support Colonel Summers.
Early next morning, April 29th, instructions were given for this movement as indicated ;
and at 4.33 A. m. the adjutant general of the department was informed that the move-
ment on San Rafael had commenced ; that if hostilities were to cease telegraphic notice
should be given at once.
The troops which did not participate in the movement on San Rafael remained at
their camps at Angat and Norzagaray, under the command of Maj. L. Parker, Twenty-
second Infantry. The transportation of the participating organizations was left behind
with suitable guard detachments in readiness to be promptly brought forward if ordered.
After waiting a reasonable time for instructions from department headquarters, the
division commander and stafl" proceeded down the left bank of the river and joined
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 561
Colonel Treumann's column, which, later, developed the eneniy, estimated to be about
three hundred strong, just before reaching a point opposite San Rafael. After about
one hour's spirited engagement, during wlych the enemy had been driven some dis-
tance, telegraphic instructions were received from the department commander that the
command remain at Angat until it receive its supplies. This telegram had been received
at AngaL at 9.08 A. m. and hurriedly brought forward by mounted courier. Reply was
immediately sent that the intention to move on San Rafael had been telegraphed the
night before; that notice of the commencement of the movement had been given that
morning ; that the command would return to Angat as directed ; and that the possibility
of encamping our advance near San Rafael had been considered. A brief account of
the operations of the morning was also given. Verbal instructions for the return to
Angat were at once given Lieutenant Colonel Treumann and sent Colonel Summers, of
whom nothing had as yet been heard. The former had dispersed the enemy, inflicting
some loss, although but one killed fell into our hands, with him his rifle and eighty-six
rounds of ammunition. Our casualties were Second Lieut. C. C. Todd, Third Infantry,
slight gunshot wound, right thigh; two enlisted men, Third Infantry, and one First
North Dakota, wounded, the latter seriously.
Colonel Summers's column on the right bank of the river had advanced to and
occupied San Rafael without meeting opposition. As ordered, this command, as well
as that which had driven the enemy down the left bank, returned to the camps of the
night previous, necessarily permitting the enemy to reoccupy San Rafael should he so
desire.
During the morning of April 29th a telegram was received from the adjutant general
of the department informing that rations would be sent from Bocaue Sunday morning,
April 30th ; that representatives of the insurgent army were in Manila, and that every-
thing would "be peaceful, at least while they are in our lines ;" also, that the orders to
advance on San Miguel might be changed. Reply was made that rations would be
received at Angat, and receipt of information concerning peaceful conditions and
possible change of objective acknowledged.
Later in the day, after the return of all the troops to their original positions, a tele-
gram was received from the adjutant general of the department, stating that it was not
necessary the "entire force should return, but sufficient of it to insure safety of train"
and return of escort from Angat; that the armistice requested by the insurgents had
not been granted ; and that on moving, our next objective would be Baliuag, "where a
considerable force of the enemy was reported to be.
With the exception of the escort and wagons which were sent to Bocaue to bring up
supplies, the command remained in camp, the Provisional Brigade at Marunco, near
Angat ; Troop I, Fourth Cavalry, at Norzagaray, headquarters ; and the remainder of
the expedition at Angat, April 30th.
A detachment of scouts was organized consisting of twenty-five specially qualified
enlisted men, selected from the organizations in the command, and an experienced
civilian scout (Mr. W. H. Young) was employed as chief scout and placed in charge.
On the morning of May 1st, Troop I, Fourth United States Cavalry, was ordered to
join the command at Angat and, with a view to resuming the forward movement at the
earliest possible moment, the following orders were issued :
Genekai. Fiblb Orders, | Headquarters First Divisioi!^,
No. 4. J Eighth Army Corps,
In the Field, Angat, Luzon, May 1, 1899,
If practicable, this command will move to-day as soon as the issue of rations is com-
pleted.
The order of march will be as follows :
Provisional Brigade (Colonel Summers commanding) ;
Gale's squadron, Fourth U. S. Cavalry ;
Mounted troop of cavalry ; and
Scott's battery will cross the river at a suitable ford and proceed, if possible, down
the north bank to San Rafael, where they will encamp for the night.
The comnaanding officer Third Infantry will report his command to Colonel Sum-
mers and march under his instructions.
36
Hosted by
Google
562 OKEGON VOLllNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
The mounted troop will accompany the major general commanding.
The issue of rations will be made to Colonel Summer's column first, to enable it to
commence the crossing as soon as possible of Its transportation.
The First North Daltota, Twenty-second Infantry, and Hawthorne's battery will pro-
ceed down the south bank of the river under command of Lieutenant Colonel Treu-
mann (the commanding officer Twenty-second Infantry and battery reporting to Lieu-
tenant Colonel Treuman) to a point near or beyond where the last skirmish occurred.
Maj. 0. C. Starr, inspector general, will accompany this column, representing the major
general.
A detachment of mounted cavalry will report to Major Starr to be used in maintain-
ing communication with the column on the north bank.
A party of scouts specially detailed from these headquarters will precede each col-
umn to the point indicated ; but this will not relieve the commanding officer of each
column from the responsibility for the proper precaution on the march.
By command of Major General La wton :
Clarence R. Edwards,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Colonel Summers was directed to send to Angat at once for rations and to then com-
mence crossing the river. Before noon his command was moving across and down the
river, and by 3 p. m. Lieutenant Colonel Treumann's command had received its rations
and was advancing down the left or south bank of the river as ordered.
About two miles below the Marunco Ford Colonel Summers's scouts and advance
guard were fired on by sharpshooters, who were speedily dislodged and silenced. When
within a mile and a quarter of San Rafael, two of the scouts developed a force of the
enemy about two hundred strong, which they drove back toward the main body on a
ridge to the right and rear of the town, and held them in check until Lieutenant Colonel
Yoran came up with two battalions of the Second Oregon, and forced the enemy back
through the town, across the river, and into the jungle on the opposite bank. The
remainder of Colonel Summers's column continued on the road along the river and
entered the town about the same time as Lieutenant Colonel Yoran's detachment. The
enemy opened a heavy fire on the town from the thickets across the river ; Scott's artil-
lery was brought into position by the division commander, within easy rifle range, and
by a well-directed fire dispersed the enemy, the column on the south bank cooperating.
Our cusualties were: One enlisted man, Thirteenth Minnesota, killed; one enlisted
man, Light Battery 13, Sixth Artillery, and three enlisted men, Second Oregon, wounded.
The enemy, whose strength was estimated at one thousand, must have suffered many
casualties, although none fell into our hands.
The troops on the right bank of the river rested in the town that night; the other
column bivouacked on the opposite side of the river. The adjutant general of the corps
was informed by telegraph of the result of the day's operations ; that the forward move-
ment would be resumed at 5 o'clock next morning (May 2d), and that resistance was
expected from there on.
Both columns took up the advance down the river next morning as planned, the col-
umn marching along the left bank under command of Lieutenant Colonel Treumann
meeting opposition about one mile above Bustos, drove the enemy, and occupied the
town without casualty ; shortly afterwards the scouts crossed the river to Baliuag and
announced their arrival by ringing the cathedral bells at 12 noon.
The command on the right bank, under Colonel Summers, met the enemy about two
miles out from San Rafael, skirmished, driving them for more than two miles, when
both troops and noncombatants were seen fleeing in great confusion along the road to
San Miguel and other roads to the west and northwest. Owing to the great number of
womein and children, and what appeared to be wounded men being carried on litters,
our flre ceased and a flag of truce was sent out, hoping it might assure them of safety.
Capt. J. F. Case, of the division staff, Sergt. Maj. J. W. Marshall, Second Oregon Volun-
teer Infantry, and Private Edmund Schutehaus, Jr., Company A, First Idaho Volun-
teer Infantry, flag orderly, conducted the flag towards these people until when within
five hundred yards the detachment was fired upon and returned to our lines. Colonel
Summers's command was then deployed and an effort made to surround and cut off
the fugitives, but they scattered in the wildest confusion. Captain Gale was sent with
his dismounted squadron and mounted troop along the San Miguel road for the pur-
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 563
pose of cutting off those who were attempting to escape in that direction. After pro-
ceeding about three miles the enemy opened fire from the front; two troops were
deployed and moved forward rapidly on either side of the road, skirmishing with what
seemed to be the rear guard of the enemy, until thirty-five of our men fell from heat
and exhaustion, eight of them in a comatose condition. The pursuit was discontinued,
and the command proceeded 'cross country to the left and entered Baliuag from the
north without further incident.
In the operations of May 2d, during Avhich Gen. Gregorio del Pilar's division was
routed and the important cities of Baliuag and Biistos occupied by our forces, the col-
umn on both sides of the river were engaged, yet our casualties were only two enlisted
men, Third Infantry, wounded.
The effective work of the scouts since their organization was reported to the adjutant
general of the department, as well as the intention to send them to look up the enemy
above mentioned as engaged in "concentrating storehouses." Also, permission was
requested to send Colonel Summers forward on the San Miguel road to the Maasim
River, crossing that night or the following morning. The exaggerated strength of the
enemy was pointed out, as well as his demoralized and disintegrating condition and
failure, thus far, to oiler determined or effective resistance. The impracticability of the
country for vehicles off the roads on account of the daily rains was also reported.
In reply authority was given to send Colonel Summers forward as proposed, provided
he was "strong enough to take care of himself," and instructions were given to search
tor and destroy subsistence stores which the enemy was sending into the Maasim
country.
Accordingly the following orders were issued :
Gbnekai. Field Okders, { Headquarters First Division,
No. 5. 1 Eighth Army Corps,
In the Meld, Baliuag, Luzon, May 3, 1899.
The following named troops, fully equipped, under command of Col. Owen Summers
Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, will proceed as early as practicable to-morrow
morning, the 4th instant, on the San Miguel road as far as Maasim and occupv that
town : ^
Provisional brigade.
Third U. S. Infantry (First and Second Battalions) and the section Utah Volunteer
Light Artillery.
The artillery and infantry organizations will be immediately reported to Colonel
Summers by their respective commanding officers.
The chief signal officer will make the necessary arrangements for telegraphic com-
munication with this column.
By command of Major General Lawton :
Clarence R. Edwards,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Headquarters First Xhvision, Eighth Army Corps,
In the Field, Baliuag, Luzon, May 3, 1899.
Col. Owen Summers,
Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, Commanding Expedition to Maasim, :
Colonel: With reference to General Field Orders, No. 5, current series, these head-
quarters, the major general commanding directs me to inform you the corps commander
is assured that subsistence belonging to the insurgent army is being sent into the
country of Maasim for future use. You will let scouting parties, of sufficient size to
insure safety, find and destroy subsistence belonging to insurgent array, respecting
private property and reporting amount destroyed.
Very respectfully, Clarence R. Edwards,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Telegraphic communication, via Quingua and Malolos, was now established, and, in
compliance with telegraphic instructions from department headquarters, a company of
infantry was sent to the former place for the purpose set forth in the following orders :
General Field Orders, | Headquarters First Division,
^^' ^- ) Eighth Army Corps,
r. ^ X, r., -^^ ^^^ Field, Baliuag, May U, 1899.
One company of the Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, to be designated by the com-
manding officer of that regiment, will this morning proceed to and occupy the town of
Hosted by
Google
564 OREGON V0LUNTP:£]KS in SPANISH W AK.
The corn mail ding officer of that company, upon arrival at that point, is charged with
keeping open the road from this town and preventing interference with the railroad
from the north.
Bv command of Major General Lawton : _ _
Clakencp] R. Edwakds,
Assistant Adjutant General.
The detachment of scouts which had been sent out on the San Miguel road encount-
ered the enemy, at least two hundred strong, about 3 o'clock in the afternoon, some
three miles out from Baliuag. They attacked and routed the enemy, and the mounted
troop, which had been sent out as rcentbrcement, took up the pursuit, Avhich continued
until darkness came on. There were no casualties on our side.
Colonel Summers, with his provisional brigade, the two battalions Third Infantry,
and the Utah gun, left Baliuag en route to Maasim early May 4th. No opposition was
met until the advance arrived at the river opposite Maasim, when the enemy, about
four hundred strong, opened lire from intrenchments on the Maasim side of the river.
Colonel Summers deployed his command, crossed the river under Are, charged and car-
ried the intrenchments and drove the enemy beyond the town, which he occupied. Our
casualties were Capt. P. S. Heath, Second Oregon, slight wound of leg, and two enlisted
men. Thirteenth Minnesota, severely wounded. The enemy left four killed on the field.
The scouts were sent out in the afternoon with instructions to find and destroy all
supplies of the enemy in the country to the northeast between San Rafael road and
Maasim River. They were cautioned to respect the persons and property of noncom-
batants, to conceal their movements as much as possible, and avoid assuming the offen-
sive against the enemy. Troop I, Fourth Cavalry, was sent up the river toward the
foothills of the mountains with verbal instructions to the same eflect.
During the day, May 4th, the wagon train left for Malolos to bring out supplies which
would arrive there the day following ; it was accompanied by the sick and wounded in
ambulances.
Much annoyance was caused by the Chinese coolies, furnished by the quartermaster
department as litter bearers and laborers, wandering from the organizations to which
they were attached and committing many minor depredations, necessitating the issue
of the following orders :
Generai. Field Okders, | Headquarters First Division,
]Sro. 7. J Eighth Army Corps,
In the Meld, Baliuag, May U, 1899.
Hereafter each Chinese coolie with his command will be required to wear upon his
hat or other conspicuous part of his clothing, a tag which will be legibly marked m
English the name of the organization to which the wearer is assigned or belongs.
Commencing to-morrow, the 5th instant, all such camp followers found without the
identification tax above required will be arrested and turned over to the provost guard.
No coolie wearing such an indentification tag will be required to perform labor tor
individuals or organizations than that to which he is assigned or belongs, and no
unauthorized person will, in any way, interfere with any Chinaman not misconducting
^l^ommanding officers of organizations are charged with the prompt execution of the
above orders, and will be held strictly accountable for the conduct of the coolies assigned
or belonging to their respective commands.
By command of Major General Lawton :
•^ Clarence R. Edwards,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Large quantities of rice and sugar were found in Baliuag, much of it in storehouses
said to belong to the enemy. A conservative estimate of the contents of storehouses not
manifestly private was no less than one hundred and fifty thousand bushels of rice and
two hundred and sixty-five tons of sugar, which with the quanities not included, but
none the less available, would undoubtedly be sufficient to subsist all troops of the
enemy for at least six months. A large storehouse of the tax collector was opened and
the contents issued to the natives, who claimed to have been robbed of their rice by the
insurgents and were now in a famishing condition. Under the careful supervision of the
provost marshal this distribution was continued at the suggestion of the department
commander to families residing at Baliuag and vicinity.
Telegraphic information was received from the palace (department headquarters)
Hosted by
Google
ORKGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 565
May 6th that it was reported General Geroiiinio, who had three thousand troops in the
vicinity of San Matoe, and Pio del Pilar, with about two thousand in and around Anti-
polo, had received instructions from Aguinaldo to proceed with their united forces by a
mountain road to Norzagaray, thence via Angat, San Rafael, and Bustos, for the purpose
of cutting off our lines of communication and supplies, which was supposed to be by
Angat, then to attack our flank. Caution \vas made to watch well by scouting parties
the country to the east. Reply was immediately made that the company of North
Dakotas escorting the party taking up telegraph hne via Angat would be warned to
watch for the enemy; that the mounted troop now east of San Rafael and Maasim
would be pushed farther east, and that Colonel Summers, at Maasim, would be notified
to watch the enemy's movements, and later that the mounted troop would be on the
hills southeast of Norzagaray, where the country could be observed for miles; also that
three companies would be at San Rafael next morning. The department commander's
views as to the situation and welshes regarding movement of the expedition were
requested, as well as permission to have Colonel Summers drive the enemy from San
Ildefonso, and threaten San Miguel. To this the adjutant general of the department
replied that it was "not prudent to advance Summers north until the reported move-
ment of insurgents from south develops," and that his command should be held in
readiness to unite with the troops at Baliuag to crush the enemy should he appear in
force.
Since the occupation of Baliuag by our forces large numbers of inhabitants had
returned, and on May 6th verbal permission was given them to hold a meeting in the
public square, or plaza, for the purpose of electing a captain municipal, or mayor, to
administer the civil affVurs of the town and represent its interest in connection with the
military forces occupying it. The result of this election was announced in the following
orders, which were published in English, Spanish, and Tagalog:
General Field Okjders, \ IlEADauARTERS First Division,
No. 8. j" Eighth Armt Corps,
In the Field, Baliuag, May 7, 1899.
For the purpose of official and jast representation of. the inhabitants of this town
with the military authorities, as well as for temporary convenience in restoring and
maintaining order among the former, the citizens were authorized to meet and electa
mayor (captain municipal). The result of such meeting has been the election of Senor
Francisco Guerrero, who is therefore announced as mayor, and authorized to select a
council and such other assistants or officers as may be necessary to properly administer
municipalaffairs. He will be accordingly respected and obeyed.
The United States will in no way be held accountable or responsible for any salaries
or compensation.
By command of Major General Lawton :
Clarence R. Edwards,
Assistant Adjutant General.
This mayor of Baliuag was the first native official, by virtue of election by his peers,
holding office in these islands under the jurisdiction of the United States.
While the command was held waiting for the movement of the enemy from the south
to develop preparations were made for the advance toward San Miguel. It was learned
by reconnoissance that the enemy, when driven out of Maasim, had fallen back to
Ildefonso, and was intrenching along a ridge about one thousand eight hundred j^ards
south of that town. The engineer officer went to Maasim on May 8th, and with one
company each from the Minnesotas and Oregons reconnoitered and sketched the
enemy's position. During the reconnoissance Maj. A. M. Diggles, Thirteenth Minnesota,
was mortally wounded. Nothing remained to be done by the force at Maasim beyond
keeping the enemy well under observation and the command in readiness to attack
when ordered until authority to advance could be obtained from department head-
quarters.
Parties sent out from Maasim and the scouts found and destroyed more than one
hundred thousand bushels of rice, large quantities of corn and sugar, also reloading
tools and uniforrns.
Early May 9th Capt. H. C. Hodges, with Companies B, C, H, and L, Twenty-second
Infantry, made a reconnoissance along the roads leading from Baliuag toward San Luis
Hosted by
Google
566 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
and Caiidaba without finding any signs of the enemy, all natives seeming to be engaged
in peaceful pursuits.
In a telegram to the adjutant general of the department on the morning of May 9th
it was suggested that the scouting east of Norzagaray would clear up the situation in
that direction, and permission was asked to call in the troops which had been engaged
the last three days in a fruitless search for the Antipolo and San Mateo columns, stating
that the expedition would "then be ready to move immediately in any direction." To
this reply was received authorizing the withdrawal of the scouting parties, but making
no reference to the implied request for orders to advance, the remark in a telegram of
the day previous, '-You will hardly be able to make any decided move until MacArthur
gets in condition," remaining the latest from department headquarters on this most
interesting subject. Next morning a telegram was sent the adjutant general of the
department asking if further instructions were to be waited for before moving, to which
he replied in the affirmative, stating that "Certain information which we are expecting
is important before directing further operations,"
May 11th telegraphic instructions were received that the expedition should be pre-
pared for a movement on the following Monday (May 14th) and should be I'ationed to
include May 25th. Information was given at the same time to the effect ihat a battalion
of the Seventeenth Infantry would be sent on the morning of May 12th to join the
expedition ; that the gunboats (on the Rio Grande de la Pampanga) and General Mac-
Arthur (commanding Second division at San Fernando) should be ready to advance at
the same time (May 12th), MacArthur by Mexico and Candaba, making a junction with
this expedition at San Miguel, if necessary, from which point its movement would be
in a westerly direction. On the day following this plan for a concerted movement was
changed, the adjutant general of the department stating in a telegram of that date,
" General MacArthur thinks he can not move successfully via Mexico and Candaba,"
and that it was in contemplation sending the entire Seventeenth Infantry, one battal-
ion of the Ninth Infantry, and part of Light Battery E (Andrews's), First Artillery,
equipped with three mountain Hotchkiss guns, " to move as an independent column on
Candaba, with aid of gunboats," which column would join the main expedition at San
Miguel, or with which the expedition could later join on the river south of San Isidro.
This column was organized ; moving up the river, and was joined by the expedition
south of San Isidro according to plan, as will appear later.
On account of a rumor that the enemy at San Miguel had been greatly reenforced the
scouts were sent to report to Colonel Summers at Maasim. He was directed to have
them search for a road to the east of San Ildefonso which was supposed to lead into the
main road north of that point and secure all the information possible as to the location
and strength of the enemy.
Captains Birkhimer and Case, of the division stafT, were ordered to proceed to Maasim
May 12th to thoroughly acquaint themselves with and reconnoiter the enemy's position
with a view^ to the future operations of the command. They were instructed to confer
with the commanding officer at Maasim, requesting the necessary assistance, including
the use of the scouts. Additional instructions were given Captain Birkhimer, verbally, to
locate positions from which field artillery could be used with advantage and to examine
the road passing to the east of San Ildefonso into the main road north of that place.
When these stafl^ officers arrived they found the scouts examining the enemy's position
at San Ildefonso and drawing therefrom considerable fire, to which they returned only
an occasional shot when a good target presented itself. Two companies (eighty-four
men) Second Oregons, under Major Eastwick, were secured as support, and, withdraw^-
ing the scouts to be used as escort, Captain Birkhimer reconnoitered the enemy's front.
Captain Case meanwhile sketching the position. As they approached the enemy's left
the scouts were subjected to a hot fire, the support having been sent by a circuitous
route, under cover, leaving only the staff officers and scouts, about two hundred men
in all, to be seen by the enemy. The fire came from a knoll which commanded the
adjacent country, particularly that over which the scouts were advancing. Without
hesitation these few men charged and drove the er^emy from the knoll, back onto his
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 567
main line, and occupied the position, waiting the arrival of the support for Miiich Cap-
tain Case had gone. While in this position the scouts (one being wounded) were under
a heavy fire, delivered with great precision over previously measured and marked
ranges. By effective markmanship the enemy was held in check until the support
could come up, w^hen their fire was immediately lessened. The scouts were replaced on
the knoll by an equal number from the support to prevent any untoward movement of
the enemy in that directton, and the reconnossance resumed.
On a point due east of San Ildefonso the enemy could be seen withdrawing in haste
toward San Miguel. Parties could be seen moving independently to the northeast.
From a hilltop, commanding a view of both San Ildefonso and San Miguel, it could be
seen that the enemy had evacuated the former.
It was now shortly after 1 o'clock in the afternoon. The command, scarcely one
hundred strong, was concentrated at the front, and after a few minutes' rest continued
the reconnoissance toward San Miguel. In doing so the enemy was forced back to the
vicinity of that city, losing several in killed and wounded while skirmishing. Return-
ing as far as San Ildefonso, Captain Birkhimer forwarded a brief report of the day's
operations and stated that that point was then held by our forces. The report was
repeated to the adjutant general of the department, with remark that a reconnoissance
had been ordered that morning, but without intention of advance making attack.
Captain Birkhimer was instructed to have the scouts " keep in touch with the enemy
and open communication with them if possible," exercising caution to avoid capture or
harm. Later, Colonel Summers reported the occupation of San Ildefonso by a battalion
of his command, and the presence of the enemy three miles beyond that point. A tele-
gram was sent the adjutant general of the department that the Oregons and Minnesotas
would be ordered to occupy San Ildefonso, the Third Infantry (eight companies)
remaining at Maasim. Nothing to the contrary being received from.higher authority,
Colonel Summers was directed to make the above disposition of his command and to
keep the enemy well under observation.
During the day's operations many wounded were seen being carried to the rear,
among them, as was afterwards learned, a captain and a lieutenant. Four killed and
six wounded were found on the field.
Almost immediately after the occupation of San Ildefonso an insurgent officer
entered our lines under a flag of truce and presented a communication from Gen. Gre-
gorio del Pilar, requesting that a safe-conduct to Manila be granted a Filipino commis-
sion authorized to arrange terms of peace. In accordance with instructions from
department headquarters he was sent in to Manila, Capt. Robert Sewell, aid-de-camp,
accompanying. After a short conference with the department commander he returned
to Baliuag, and from there outside our lines, bearing with him a letter to General Pilar
from the division commander promising safe-conduct to and from Manila for the pro-
posed commission.
In acknowledgment of the dispatch regarding the Candaba column, and with refer-
ence to the enemy's peace advances, an entire lack of faith was expressed in the propo-
sitions to discuss terms of peace, which were believed to be only a scheme of the enemy
for time to gather supplies, strengthen positions, and bring us into the rainy season. It
was pointed out to the adjutant general of the department that already the fields were
partly covered with water, and that twenty-four hours' rain would render travel with
transportation impossible. Immediate resumption of operations under the then favor-
able weather conditions was urged, the opinion being ofl'ered that from experience the
enemy was not believed to be in very great force nor disposed to show much pertinacity.
The necessity for a good interpreter and for maps of the country north of San Miguel
was also stated. To this, reply was received that it was contemplated putting Major
Kobb6, Third Artillery, in command of the column to move along the Rio Grande de la
Pampanga, and that "your advance must be postponed a day or two to get troops in
position."
Captain Birkhimer, with the scouts, only eighteen of whom were able to march after
the fatiguing work of the preceding day, moved out from San Ildefonso toward San
Hosted by
Google
568 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Miguel at an early hour, May IBth, to carry oat the original instructions to examine the
enemy's position, and, their later orders, to keep in touch with the enemy. To secure
unity of action, Captain Case accompanied the support, which consisted of one com-
pany each of the Minnesotas and Oregons, under command of Capt. H. L. Heath, of the
latter regiment. Advancing northward neither opposition nor considerable parties of
the enemy were encountered until when, within about a mile of San Miguel, the scouts
in skirmish line entered a thicket and were met by volleys from a force of no less than
three hundred of the enemy lying behind rice-field dykes, about one hundred yards dis-
tant, and right and left flanks resting, respectively, upon the steep bank of a large
stream and behind a dense thicket. Captain Case brought the support forward promptly
in extended order, but before it could come up and engage, the twelve scouts on the left
of the center, encouraged by two of their number (Chief Scbut Young and Private Har-
rington), under the direct supervision of Captain Birkliimer, broke from the bushes
which temporarily concealed them and charged straight across the open for the right
center of the enemy's line, which wavered, broke, and, carrying with it the flanks, pre"
cipitately fled before the scouts could reach it. The enemy on reaching the buildings in
the outskirts of the city fired from behind houses and other cover. Being driven rapidly
eastward through the town, part took a northerly direction toward San Isidro, another
part went southeast in the direction of Biacnabato, and, as usual, many small parties
moved oflT independently in other directions. Just before reaching the bridge, which
crosses the river near the center of the city, while pursuing the enemy, Chief Scout
Young received a severe wound through the right knee. Although given every atten-
tion, and receiving the most skillful treatment the hospitals of Manila could aflbrd, the
wound resulted fatally. In the disabling and death of this man the expedition and the
service lost an ideal chief of scouts.
Having driven the enemy from the city, immediate disposition of the command (one
hundred and sixteen men) was made to hold it until reenforcements could arrive, and
dispatches were sent informing the division commander of the result of the morning's
reconnoissance.
The adjutant general of the department was informed of the capture of San Miguel,
and Colonel Summers was instructed to send a battalion at once to occupy it.
The expedition, which was still (May 13th) being held at Baliuag, waiting for sup-
plies, reenforcements, and what had been most frequently requested, and was most
desired, viz, orders to advance, thus reached its objective — San Miguel, as a result of
two reconnoissances by less than a score of picked men supported on both occasions by
less than a full company of infantry. Captain Birkhimer and the following-named
eleven surviving scouts, who so gallantly charged and routed the enemy at San Miguel,
have been recommended for Congressional medals of honor :
Private Eli L. Watkins, Troop C, Fourth U. S. Cavalry.
Private S. Harris, Troop G, Fourth IJ. S. Cavalry.
Private Peter Mc^uinn (Peter Quinn), Troop L, Fourth U. S. Cavalry.
Corporal F. L. Andres, Company B, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
Private J. Mclntyre, Company B, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
Private G. Jensen, Company D, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
Private W. H. Downs, Company H, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
Private P. Hussey, Company K, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
Private F. Summerfield, Company K, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
Private E. Lyon, Company B, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry.
Private J. Harrington, Company G, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry.
The wounding of Chief Scout Young and one of his detachments comprised our casu-
alties in the operations of the day. Three of the enemy's dead were found on the field.
Later Colonel Summer's entire command was moved forward to San Miguel, with the
exception of four companies of the Third Infantry, two of which remained at Maasim
and two at San Ildefonso.
The payment of $80, Mexican, for each serviceable rifle surrendered by disbanded
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEEKS IN SPANISH WAR. 569
detacbments of the Insurgent army or others was authorized in a telegram of May 13th
from the adjutant general of tlie department. Immediate announcement was made to
the command, and, in Spanish and Tagalo, to the native population, every effort being
made to get the information within the enemy's lines. Measures were taken to provide
for prompt payments.
May 13th, in reply to a telegram saying the expedition would move as soon as rations,
then en route, were distributed, the adjutant general of the department, stated, "it is
thought that the time for your advance can be fixed this evening." The matter of the
detachment to be left at Baliuag on the advance of the expedition was also touched on
in this telegram.
That point possessed great strategic importance. Seven main roads converged there ;
it was the market center for a large territory, and had a considerable present popula-
tion who professed friendliness to and desired the protection of our Government. Also,
our line of communication, for a time at least, would be via Baliuag and Malolos, and
unless protected would be speedily cut. As a result of telegraphic correspondence on
the subject, it was finally decided to leave a battalion at Baliuag.
The company at Quingua was ordered to Baliuag May 14th, a garrison for that point
having been supplied from another command.
About 9 A. M. the adjutant general of the department was informed by telegram that
all supplies for the expedition would arrive and be distributed that day; that the com-
mand could not move that afternoon, and that, unless otherwise instructed, headquar-
ters would proceed to San Miguel at noon that day.
Reply was received inquiring whether the 3.2-inch gun from General MacArthur's
command and the two companies Third Infantry from Calumpit, which had been
ordered to join the expedition at Baliuag, had yet arrived, and stating, "Commanding
general directs that you hold your forces in readiness to move, but do not move till
ordered from here." Reply was made acknowledging receipt of orders to hold the force
in readiness to move, and inquiring if it was desired that headquarters be held at
Baliuag until further orders ; and that the artillery and companies of the Third Infantry
had not yet arrived, but haviog left Calumpit at noon the day previous, they should
arrive at any moment. A telegram was later received from the adjutant general of the
department authorizing an advance as soon as the artillery, companies Third Infantry,
and transportation reached Baliuag. It also stated that Major Kobbe was preparing
the column to move up the Rio Grande, but could not move before Tuesday (May 15th);
that he was placed under the supervision of the commanding general of this expedition,
but that all orders organizing the column and directing Major Kobb(5's advance on
Candaba would be given from department headquarters. These instructions regarding
the Candaba column were repeated to Major Kobb6 on his reporting to the expedition
commander.
Companies E and I, Third Infantry, First Lieut. H. Freeland commanding, and one
3.2-inch gun, light battery D (Dyer's) Sixth Artillery, joined at Baliuag during the after-
noon, from the second division at Calumpit.
Under authority granted by the department commander in the telegram quoted
above, verbal orders were given in the afternoon of May 14th for the command to
advance from Baliuag to San Miguel next morning, leaving a battalion Twenty-second
Infantry behind to garrison the former. The movement commenced at the usual hour
on the morning of May 15th, headquarters being joined at Maasim by its escort, Troop I,
Fourth Cavalry, which had the day previous arrived at that place from a scout north
and east of San Rafael. As the column passed through Maasim and San Ildefonso it
was joined by the companies of the Third Infantry left at those points by Colonel Sum-
mers on his advance. The march to San Miguel was without incident. Headquarters
arrived there about 10 o'clock a. m. in advance of the column, the rear of which came
up the next morning.
In reporting arrival of headquarters at San Miguel, San Isidro was naturally assumed
as the next objective, and plans were suggested, based on recent information, for the
movement of columns to the north and east, one to go forward that afternoon along the
Hosted by
Google
570 OREGON VOLITNTEBRS IN SPANlSIi WAR.
San Isidro road, across which it was reported a small force of the enemy had thrown up
intrenchments about two miles out : another column to reconnoiter Sibul and Biacna-
bato and the country to the northeast. It was also stated that if the gunboats and
Kobbe's column could go as far up as Arayat he could probably be met there. The
enemy was reported as demoralized, discouraged, and disintegrating, and the opinion
was offered that much force or opposition need not be anticipated at San Isidro.
In reply to the above telegram San Isidro was named as the next objective, unless
the progress of the expedition were so impeded by the enemy as to render it probable
that the subsistence would give out, in which case a road to the Rio Grande should be
sought and an effort made to communicate with Kobbe's column and the gunboats,
where rations could be found. Caution was given to watch to the right, stating, "It is
reported that a large number of insurgents are at Biacnabato ; report not verified." In
acknowledging receipt of the message specifying the next objective, the following was
sent the adjutant general of the department. "Am rationed to include the 26th instant
and find troops have some savings. Have also along extra coffee and sugar. Can on a
pinch get along till end of month. Continued rains would block me; perhaps the
enemy may. So far they have shown no alarming strength. My men are in good
spirits and will run over anything confronting them." "Will reconnoiter to the east in
the morning as indicated. Summers will move on toward San Isidro ; will be supported
by French." The command was cautioned to exercise all economy in the use of rations
and ammunition.
At 3 oclock p. M. May 13th Colonel Summers, with his provisional brigade and the
Utah gun, in accordance with verbal orders, moved out from San Miguel on the San
Isidro road, Captain Case, of the division staff, accompanying. The enemy was engaged
shortly after leaving San Miguel and driven rapidly northward about four miles to a
point one mile north of Salacat (Bulac), which was occupied by our troops. At this point
the enemy was strongly intrenched on the north bank of a river and in force of about
three hundred, but when charged by our forces fled, leaving killed, wounded, and equip-
ments behind. Our casualties : One enlisted nian, Thirteenth Minnesota, slight nondis-
abling wound of right wrist. The known casualties of the enemy were, sixteen killed,
including an officer, and five wounded, who fell into our hands. Twenty-six guns were
captured from the enemy. Colonel Summer's telegraphic report of the engagement was
reported to the adjutant general of the department, with remark that "this was a bril-
liant engagement, for which Colonel Summers and his command deserve great credit."
May 16th a reconnoissance was made in the direction of Sibul and Biacnabato by the
dismounted cavalry squadron, two battalions Third Infantry, Troop I, Fourth Cavalry,
and Hawthorne's mountain battery, under command of Capt. G. H. G. Gale, Fourth
Cavalry. The lack of a competent guide and the condition of the roads and trails pre-
vented the reconnoissance being continued beyond Sibul, and the column returned that
night to San Miguel without having encountered the enemy.
The troops at Salacat advanced to and occupied San Roque about 9 A. m. May 16th,
without meeting opposition. The scouts, under command of Lieut. J. E. Thornton,
Second Oregon, were sent forward to reconnoiter, and search for water, one battalion
of the Oregons following as support. About two and one half miles out they were fired
on by the enemy, whom they drove across a bridge over a deep river some forty feet
wide. The enemy set fire to the bride and retired to trenches which commanded it and
the road to the southward by frontal and enfilading positions. Under a heavy fire the
scouts charged across the bridge into the nearest trenches, routing the enemy, who re-
treated to San Isidro (Factoria), leaving six killed, among them an officer, six wounded,
two prisoners, fourteen Mausers, two Remingtons, equpments, and ammunition.
While the greater number of the scouts were engaging the enemy in the trenches, a
few recognizing the extreme importance of saving the bridge (a wooden structure) from
burning, devoted all their energies to putting out the fire, and in doing so were exposed
to the fire of the enemy until the latter was routed by their comrades. The support
coming up, the enemy was driven to the city (San Isidro), about a mile distant; then,
returning to the bridge, both scouts and support set to work repairing it.
Hosted by
Google
OKEGOK VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 571
In repeating Colonel Summers's telegraphic report of the affair, the division com-
mander remarked: "I desire to specially commend Colonel Summers andj those he
mentions. Colonel Summers has been active and intelligent in his work. He will take
the city in the morning. I also call attention to the fact that my scouts were again
commended. Harrington, killed, the only casualty, is the man who has several times
before been commended for unusual bravery. He was as noble and brave a soldier as I
have ever known, and his death and the disabling of Young, who organized the scouts,
will be a great loss to us."
The following named scouts who participated in the engagement at the burning
bridge, which they saved from destruction, were recommended for Congressional medals
of honor:
Peter Quinn, private, Troop L, Fourth U. S. Cavalry.
Simon Harris, private. Troop G, Fourth U. S. Cavalry.
E. C. Lyon, private, Company B, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry.
M. W. Robertson, private, Company B, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry.
Frank High, private, Company G, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry.
M. Glassley, private, Company A, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
R, M. Longfellow, private, Connpany A, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
J. W, Mclntyre, private, Company B, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
J. B. Kenne, private. Company C, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
Eli L. Watkins, private, Company C, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
G. Jensen, private, Company D, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
Charles P. Davis, private. Company G, First North Diikota Volunteer Infantry.
S. A. Gait, private. Company G, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
W. H. Downs, private. Company H, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
J. Killion, private, Company H, Plrst North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
B'rank Ross, private, Company H, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry,
Otto Boehler, private, Company I, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
J. F. Desmond, private, Company I, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
W. F. Thomas, corporal. Company K, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
F. W. Summertield, private, Company K, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
Patrick Hussey, private. Company K, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
T. M. Sweeney, private. Company K, First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry.
Col. J. W. French, Twenty-second Infantry, commanding his own regiment and the
First North Dakotasand Scott's three guns, had been sent forward during the afternoon
to camp at Salacat for the night, and the next day to join Colonel Summers for the con-
templated movement on San Isidro May 18th. Colonel Summers's rapid advance and
the result of the fight at the bridge changed the plan. Colonel French was ordered to
leave a battalion with his transportation and to hurry forward to join Colonel Sum-
mers, who was advised of these reenforcements, and directed to make disposition of his
troops that night for the attack next morning. Colonel Summers wired that it would
be impossible to place the command in position that night, but that he would make
proper disposition for attack by daylight.
About 4 o'clock A. M., May 17th, headquarters and staff left San Miguel, arriving
about 6 A. M. at the front, which was found to be just north of the bridge and trenches
occupied the day before by the scouts and Second Oregons. Telegraphic communication
was established with San Miguel and corps headquarters without delay and the move-
ment on San Isidro commenced. Colonel Summers deployed the column ; the Twenty-
second Infantry on the left, their right resting on the road; the First North Dakotas
and the First Battalion Second Oregons on right of road, along which Scott's battery
followed ; the scouts preceded the right of the line, Troop I, Fourth Cavalry, operated on
the left of the road.
The command advanced toward the town, and when within about one thousand
eight hundred yards of it, fire was opened on the scouts of the Oregons and on the
North Dakotas on the right of our line.
Hosted by
Google
572 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
The advance was continued and the city occupied by our forces -our casualties, one
enlisted man each Thirteenth Minnesotas and Second Oregons, slightly wounded; an
insurgent loss of fifteen killed, twenty wounded, three prisoners. Seven guns and four
horses fell into our hands.
Prompt telegraphic report of the capture of the city was made to the adjutant general
of the department, and, later, summary of Colonel Summer's report of operations and
casualties was wired. The department commander replied, congratulating the expedi-
tionary forces and designating Arayat, down the Rio Grande, as our next objective.
Several Spaniards who claim to have been held prisoners by the insurgents were
found in the city, among them three officers, who were provided with food and later
returned to Manila.
xMany wealthy natives remained with their property and families, and at once
applied for and were accorded protection by our troops. Doctor Albert, a former peace
commissioner selected by the Filipino congress, of which he was still a member, reported
the presence at his residence of a large number of noncomtaatants, including the wives
and children of insurgent otticers, and gave much information concerning the doings
of the insurgent leaders.
It was learned that the insurgents had had at this place fourteen prisoners — thirteen
Americans, including a lieutenant of our navy, and one Englishman - whom they had
moved bacli into the mountains on our advance. Letters from the prisoners, including
one from Lieutenant Gilmore, were delivered by Sefior Raymon Rey, an aged Spaniard
and fellow-prisoner, who had escaped and was employed as guide for the expedition.
The afternoon of the capture of San Isidro it was rumored that the enemy had fled
toward Gapan, a town of considerable importance about four miles east of San Isidro,
where the army had a field hospital filled with wounded. It was reported next day
from department headquarters a gun factory was also located there. One battalion of
the Oregons and one of the Minnesotas were sent to Gapan from San Isidro under com-
mand of Maj. P. G. Eastwick, Jr., and their departure so timed as to afi'ect a junction
with another column under Captain Hannay from San Miguel, by way of cross roads
at San Roque, the second column consisting of Gale's dismounted squadron, six com-
panies of the Third Infantry, and Hawthorne's mountain battery. The two columns
joined as anticipated, and with the exception of a desultory fire from the other side of
the river no resistance was encountered. The town had been deserted by the enemy,
and no evidence of a gun factory could be found. The San Isidro troops were returned
the next morning, and the San Miguel troops were sent to San Miguel the same after-
noon.
Doctor Albert and other residents reported that Aguinaldo had been located at San
Isidro since the capture of Malolos; that Aguinaldo was then, May 17th, at Cabana-
tuam, eighteen miles north, and that the government was at Tarlac, all of which infor-
mation was wired headquarters.
Arrangement was made for the entry of Gen. Gregorio del Pilar and three other mem-
bers of the Filipino Peace Commission, who desired to go to Manila for conference with
the American Commission and with a view to the termination of hostilities.
These persons came within our lines May 18th, and next morning started for Manila,
accompanied by Lieut. E. L. King, aide-de-camp.
Captain Hannay with ten companies of the Third Infantry and one gun from Haw-
thorne's mountain battery was ordered to remain at San Miguel, and Gale's squadron
with another gun from Hawthorne's battery, were ordered to reenforce the garrison at
Balluag, which was reported to be in danger of attack by a large force of the enemy.
On the afternoon of the 18th instant, Colonel J. W. French, Twenty-second Inftintry,
with his own regiment, the North Dakotas, and two guns of Scott's Battery, accompa-
nied by Captain Birkhimer of the division stafi", proceeded down the river (Rio Grande
de Pampanga) toward Cabiao, where it was reported there were about three hundred
insurgents. Near San Fernando he encountered the enemy intrenched at a bend of the
road. The advance guard is reported to have been commanded by Capt. H. C. Hodges,
Twenty-second Infantry, with intelligence and professional skill, and his formation for
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 573
attack was niade with admirable coolness and great precision, although under a heavy-
fire from the enemy about six hundred yards distant. An engagement ensued which
lasted until dark, ^Yhen the enemy was forced across the river and his fire silenced. The
untrustworthiness of our shi^apnel was here demonstrated when Scott's Artillery, having
with shells accurately found the range, attempted to use shrapnel, everyone of which
burst in the gun. Casualties, five enlisted men, Twenty-second Infantry, wounded— two
severely. The column rested here until morning, when it proceeded to Cabiao, where it
camped waiting the main column.
On May 19th the following orders were published :
General Field Ordeks, ) Heai)qitartp:rs First Division,
No. 10. \ Eighth Army Corps.
In the field, San Isidro, Luzon, Map 19, 1899.
The following telegram received from corps headquarters is published for the infor-
mation of this command :
" The Palace, Manila, May 19, 1899.
" To General Lawton :
" The following has just been received and will be published to your command.
" By command of Major General Otis :
" Barry.
" 'Hot Springs, Va., May 18, 1899.
" * Otis, Manila:
" 'Convey to General Lawton and the gallant men of his command my congratula-
tions upon their successful operations during the past njonth, resulting in the capture
this morning of San Isidro.
" 'William McKinley.' "
The above will be read to the several organizations composing this division at retreat
on the day it is received.
By command of Major General Lawton :
Clarence R. Edwards,
Assistant Adjutant General.
For the movement from San Isidro the following was issued :
Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps,
In the Meld, San Isidro, Luzon, May 19, 1899
circular.
Unless orders to the contrary are received, this command will march at 5 o'clock
a. m. to-morrow, the 20th instant.
By command of Major General Lawton :
Clarence R. Edwards,
Assistant Adjutant General.
A telegram was received from department headquarters late May 19th directing the
expedition to proceed to Candaba after reaching Arayat.
The entire command left San Isidro on the morning of May 20th, proceeding down
the river toward Candaba, with the exception of the Signal detachment, which returned
toward San Miguel, recovering the telegraph line.
Just before the command marched from San Isidro two or three Mauser volleys were
fired into the city from across the river, some of the bullets passing through the house
occupied by headquarters. The scouts, in aocordance with verbal orders of the evening
before, forded the river above the city, and, under cover of the morning mist, secured a
good position directly in the enemy's rear. Lieutenant Colonel Yoran, with the Second
Oregon (two battalions), accompanied by Captain Case, of the division staff, forded the
river about one mile below San Isidro, and proceeded up the road toward San Antonio,
effecting a junction with the scouts who had located the enemy. The attack was made,
Major Willis' battalion in advance, and the enemy, in force about five hundred and
fifty, driven from the town, leaving five dead on the field. Captain Case's report of this
engagement was later repeated to the adjutant general of the department, and Colonel
Summers and Captain Case commended. The column then continued down the river,
and, fording back to the left bank, rejoined the mairt column at Cabiao. Here Colonel
French and his command also joined, and all proceeded down the river to the vicinity
of Mount Arayat, where the command rested for the night.
Hosted by
Google
574 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
The entire command left its bivouac early in the morning of May 21st, and proceeded
down the river, arriving at the ferry near the town of Arayat shortly after sunrise, with-
out meeting opposition. Considerable labor was required to prepare the approach to
ferry for the passage of wheeled vehicles and in improvising a suitable raft for the
crossing of stores and ammunition. This was done under the supervision of Captain
Case, of the division staff. The river at this point is about four and one half feet deep,
and, as indicated by its banks, subject to a considerable rise at some seasons of the year.
The advance of the column — a battalion of the Twenty-second Infantry— entered
the town of Arayat at 7:12 a. m., and found no evidence of the presence of the enemy
anywhere in the vicinity.
Two companies of the Twenty-second Infantry, which had crossed the river at
Cabiao and marched without opposition down the right bank, rejoined here. These
companies had had to push their way through thick underbrush, finding nothing but
cross trails.
As rapidly as possible the command was ferried over to the west bank of the river
and entered the town, tlie last of the column getting in next morning.
The column which had been advancing up the river, under command of Maj. J. A.
Kobb4, Third Artillery, joined the expedition at Arayat at about 8 a. m. This column,
which had in no way participated in the expedition, which had practically terminated
at San Isidro, was reported by Maj. J. A. Kobb6 as composed of the following troops :
Light Battery E, First Artillery.
Seventeenth U. S. Infantry
Ninth U. S. Infantry
1 8
59
! ' 23
1,119
i ' ^l
369
Total - I 35 1,547
The launch and cascoes carrying supplies had grounded about two miles below
Arayat.
On the morning of May 22d the entire command moved on down the river toward
Candaba, pursuant to telegraphic orders from department headquarters, arriving with-
out incident about noon of the same day.
In compliance with telegraphic instructions from the adjutant general of the depart-
ment the following orders were issued, relieving from further duty with the expedition
the troops composing Colonel Summers's provisional brigade :
GiSNERAL FiEIjD ORBERS, } HEADQUARTERS B^IRST DIVISION,
No. 11. ) Eighth Army Corps.
In the Field, Candaba, Luzon, Ifay f/i, 1899.
Pursuant to telegraphic instructions from headquarters, Department of the Pacific
and Eighth Army Corps, of this date, the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry is relieved
from duty with this command and will proceed to Manila.
The commanding general in relieving this regiment desires to express his apprecia-
tion of the efficiency, courage, and uncomplaining endurance constantly shown by its
oflScers and men while on this expedition.
By command of Major General Lawton : Clarence R. Edwards,
Assistant Adjutant General.
General Field Orders, } Headquarters First Division,
No. 12. i|' Eighth Army Corps.
In the Meld, Candaba, Luzon, May 22, 1899.
Pursuant to telegraphic instructions from headquarters, Department of the Pacific
and Eighth Army Corps, of the 22d instant, the Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteer
Infantry (Second and Third Battalions) is relieved from duty with this command and
will proceed under orders of Col. O. Summers, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, to the
south bank of the river at Calumpit; at that point Colonel Summers will rex:)ort to the
adjutant general of the corps.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 575
The commanding general in relieving this regiment desires to express his apprecia-
tion of the efficiency,' courage, and uncomplaining endurance constantly shown by its
officers and men Avhile on the expedition.
By command of Major General Lawton : Claiie?s^ce R. Edwards,
Assistant Admtant General.
The organizations mentioned in the ahove orders left Candaba en route to Calumpit
on the morning of the 23d of May.
During the day, after the departure of the troops for Calumpit, considerable firing
was heard to the eastward in the direction of San Miguel and Baliuag. A battalion of
the Twenty-second Infantry, commanded by Captain Ballance, and the detachment of
scouts were sent in the direction from which the sound of firing came, bat were unable
to discover anything, the swamp preventing their continuing to the San Miguel-Baliuag
road. Later it was learned that the troops in San Miguel in obedience to orders from
department headquarters had, under command of Captain Hannay, Third Infantry,
started to Baliuag to join the garrison at that place; that they met the enemy near San
lldefonso and were engaged almost continuously the rest of the way to Baliuag. The
insurgents were in strong force and suffered severely. Captain Hannay is entitled to
much credit for the way in which he handled his regiment (ten companies) during a
series of difficult situations. He was prostrated by heat, and as a result of overwork
during the expedition was unable until June 3 to report the details of the engagement.
Casualties: One enlisted man killed; one officer (Lieut. J. A. McArthur) and four-
teen enlisted men, Third Infantry, wounded. Insurgent loss reported at fifty killed and
fifty wounded.
During the evening of May 23d telegraphic orders were received from the adjutant gen-
eral of the department, breaking up the expedition, and the following orders were
issued early next morning :
Genebad Field Orders, } Headquarters First Division,
No. IB. f Eighth Army Corps,
In the Meld, Candaba, Luzon, May ^4, 1899.
Pursuant to telegraphic instructions of the 2Bd instant from headquarters Depart-
ment of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps the following movement and reassignment
of troops now belonging to this command are ordered :
Twenty-second U.S. Infantry: Headquarters and two battalions to San Fernando;
one battalion to Candaba and San Luis '(headquarters and three companies at Candaba,
one company at San Luis).
Seventeenth U. S. Infantry to San Fernando.
Third U. S. Infantry : Five companies to Baliuag, 4 companies to San Fernando, and
1 company to Quingua.
Separate mountain battery (Hawthorne's) to Baliuag.
The section Utah volunteer light artillery (1 gun) to Candaba.
The squadron Fourth Cavalry (Gale's), Troop I, Fourth Cavalry, the First North
Dakota Volunteer Infantry, the battalion Ninth U. S. Infantry, and Scott's platoon,
Battery D, Sixth Artillery (3 guns), to Manila.
Regimental commanders will designate the battalions of their respective commands
for detached service.
Troops will not move from their present stations until subsequent orders are received
from these headquarters, but will hold themselves in readiness to move promptly.
With the exception of those returning to Manila, the troops above mentioned will
report by telegraph to the commanding general, Second Division, Elighth Army Corps,
when movement is commenced and upon arrival at new stations.
The commanding general in thus breaking up this expedition desires to express his
appreciation of the efficiency, courage, and uncomplaining endurance constantly shown
by the troops composing it.
By command of Major General Lawton :
Clarence R. Edwards,
Assistant Adjutant General.
The movement commenced shortly afterwards under verbal orders conveyed by staff
officers. Headquarters embarked on the protected launch Oceania by 9 a. m., and pro-
ceeded by the river to Calumpit, thence by rail to Malolos, to carry out the instructions
from the department commander in regard to distributing and rationing the troops
added to General MacArthur's command (Second Division), and to supervise the rear-
rangement of the Thirteenth Minnesota guarding the railway. The infantry destined
for Manila was shipped in by rail from Calumpit as rapidly as possible, and the artillery,
the mounted troops, and the wagons marched overland. In view of the repeated
Hosted by
Google
576 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
attacks of tbe enemy on the troops returning from San Miguel, it was deemed prudent
by the department commander to leave the ten companies Third Infantry and Haw-
thorne's two guns at Baliuag, withdrawing the battalion Twenty-second Infantry and
dismounted cavalry as first ordered. However, two companies Twenty-second Infantry
were held temporarily at Quingua, the other two proceeding to Malolos, where they
were held temporarily. On May 28th it was reported that a force of the enemy was
being concentrated in the vicinity of Baliuag, and in-structions were given to the com-
manding officer at that point to send out reconnoitering parties in the direction of the
enemy to ascertain the facts.
A battalion was ordered from San Fernando by the adjutant general of the depart-
ment for use in connection with Baliuag if found necessary, and late in the afternoon
Roach's battalion of the Seventeenth Infantry arrived at Malolos. Companies D and
M, Twenty-second Infantry, were returned to Quingua, making a battalion of that
regiment at that point. Troop I, Fourth Cavalry, was also sent there temporarily.
One company of the Tbird Infantry, under Lieutenant Moore of that regiment,
developed a force of the enemy in the direction of San Rafael, and being encumbered
with two wounded men was forced to continue the engagement until relieved by two
more companies, when the enemy was dispersed. ■
Recommendation was made that no more troops be withdrawn from Baliuag at that
time, as it was an important point which the enemy would doubtless endeavor to
recover.
General Mac Arthur sent a staff officer to look after the Baliuag situation, and the
whole matter was turned over to him May 26th.
The adjutant general of the department was informed that all organizations to return
to Manila were en route or would be during the day (May 26th), and instructions
requested.
Nextnaorning, May 27th, telegraphic instructions were received, in accordance with
which headquarters returned to Manila that afternoon, nothing important having devel-
oped in the meanwhile.
The wagon train arrived in Manila May 30th, terminating the expedition, although
this practically took place at San Isidro when the department commander named
Arayat as the next objective.
An appendix embodying copies of brief reports rendered to the department com-
mander ; reports of subordinate commanders which were at the time forwarded ; of cor-
respondence, orders, circulars ; in fact, every available record pertaining to the expedi-
tion, is hereto attached, and should be read in connection with the text of this report.
The medical history of the expedition is succinctly given in the report of the chief
surgeon, and forms a part of the appendix. His mention of the North Dakotas is worthy
of notice.
In addition to the mention of officers and others, already made in this report and its
appendix, the following is to be added ;
From the preliminary work connected with the organization of the expedition until
return of headquarters to Manila the adjutant general of the division, Maj. Clarence R.
Edwards, Assistant Adjutant General, U. S. V., rendered service worthy of special com-
mendation.
He participated in the engagements at Novallches, San Rafael (two), Baliuag (includ-
ing the pursuit and fight with the enemy's rear guard on the San Miguel road), and at
San Isidro. On all these occasions he exhibited that cool demeanor and disregard of
personal danger that have characterized his bearing in the presence of the enemy.
The voluminous work of his office was efficiently and promptly disposed of, often
under most trying circumstances. His administrative ability, professional zeal, and
military talent merit substantial recognition.
In the advance from La Loma to Novaliches Capt. William E. Birkhimer, Third U. S.
Artillery, acting judge-advocate, was, by order, present during the entire day with the
point of the advance guard. He performed his duties with efficiency, and with the
disdain for personal danger when under fire that constantly characterized this officer
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 577
throughout the expedition. His conspicuous gallantry at San Ildefonso and at San
Miguel has already been a matter of comment. For the latter engagement he has been
recommended for a medal of honor.
Upon arrival at Norzagaray there was no other means of communication except by
carrier pigeon or courier. A dispatch by the former was sent that day through the cour-
tesy of Mr. Bass, of the New York Herald, to whom acknowledgment is due. On the
following day, telegraphic communication not having yet been established, it was neces-
sary^ to communicate by messenger. No one had been over the route from Norzagaray
to Bocaue since Colonel Summers's advance, and its safety for small parties was prob-
lematical. Major Charles Starr, inspector general of the division, was selected for this
duty, which he unhesitatingly performed, accompanied only by his personal orderly.
At the first battle of San Rafael, April 29th, Major Starr accompanied the advance
guard throughout the day. To him, Capt. Robert Sevvell, aide, and to Capt. G. H. G. Gale,
Fourth Cavalry, who volunteered his services as aide that day, I desire to express my
appreciation. They were subject to a hot fire, but always rendered cool and efficient
service.
During this battle, just before the enemy was developed, an incident took place that
should be mentioned, in that it made known that splendid and gallant man and scout,
William H. Young. He, in civilian dress, was noticed walking well in front of the right
flankers of the advance point. He was ordered in to be reprimanded and sent to the
rear. Something in the man's bearing and demeanor caused a change of intention. He
was directed to go to the front and bring in a citizen, that definite information about the
location of San Rafael might be obtained. He cheerfully complied, and in less than five
minutes three shots were heard ; Young appeared, as cool and collected as ever, bearing a
haversack with eighty-six rounds of ammunition, dripping with blood. He had run onto
an insurgent post of eight men, alone, killed one and driven the others ofl". His action
prevented a surprise to our advance guard, which was soon under a rapid and hot fire.
During the second battle of San Rafel, May 1st, the division and personal staffs were,
as usual, constantly under fire. Second Lieut. E. L. King, Eighth U. S. Cavalry, aide
reported just before this, his first engagement. His cool demeanor when under a hot
fire from across the river, as he stood mounted near the battery, is worthy of special
mention.
Second Lieut. E. D. Scott, Sixth U. S. Artillery, is deserving of commendation for the
intelligent and fearless handling of his battery on this occasion.
The energetic pursuit and sharp engagement with the rear guard of the retreating
insurgent forces from Baliuag toward San Miguel May 2d has been reported, except the
fact that this engagement was under the able command of Capt. G. H. G. Gale, Fourth
U. S. Cavalry.
Few quartermasters ever had greater difficulties to overcome, and none could have
rendered more cheerful and untiring service than did Capt. C. C. Walcutt, chief quarter-
master of this division. From the 2Ist of April to the last day of May he spared him-
self neither night nor day in his indefatigable efforts to render the expedition a success.
Capt. P. J. Perkins, U. S. Volunteer Corps, by intelligent, indefatigable work kept up
telegraphic communication between the front and the base of supply until, after recov-
ering the Baliuag-Angat-Bocaue line, he was forced by illness to return to Manila, turn-
ing over his department to Capt. E. A. McKenna, U. S. Volunteer Signal Corps. The
latter remained in charge of the signal service of the expedition until telegraphic com-
munication was temporarily abandoned on the departure of the command from San
Isidro. His courage, devotion to duty, and professional ability merit special commend-
ation.
In addition to the professional zeal and executive ability always shown by Maj. H. W.
Cardwell, chief surgeon of the division, his cheerful willingness to be of use, in whatever
capacity, should be recognized. This ability frequently brought him under fire, notably
at the first battle of San Rafael.
In the afternoon of the 17th instant, after the battle of San Isidro, several insurgents
wounded were reported abandoned on the field of the morning's fight outside of our
37
Hosted by
Google
578 OREGON VOLUNTJKEKS IN SPANISH WAR.
lines. Maj. (leorge H. Penrose, brigade surgeon, XT. S. V., accompanied by First Lieut.
F. M. Kemp, of the Regular Medical Corps, with ambulances, was sent to care for them
and bring them in.
These officers met a few natives whom they took to be insurgents, and unhesitatingly
attempted to capture them. They, revolvers in hand, rode down two and found their
rifles hidden in the bamboos near by. Major Penrose and his orderly, while watering
their horses at the ford, returning, were surprised by two or three Mauser volleys from
the enemy concealed across the river. Six insurgents wounded were brought to the hos-
pital. While on the firing line during the skirmish at Cabiao next day, Doctor Kemp's
horse was shot through the head. Whatever their duties, these officers always showed
earnestness, energy, and ability in the accomplishment.
The Hon. H. A, Ramsden, H. B. M., vice-consul at Manila,, had rendered valuable
service during the expedition to the province of Laguna, by reason of his thorough
knowledge of the Spanish language and familiarity with the characteristics of the
natives. He was by special invitation a guest of headquarters and, as formerly, proved
himself in every way a valuable addition to the statf. Much regret was felt and
expressed when illness demanded his return to Manila from Angat. In the hope that
his indisposition might be soon over, request of the department commander was made
that Mr. Ramsden's presence might be again solicited.
Mr. F. W. Carpenter, chief clerk, adjutant general's office, showed the same efficient,
loyal qualities throughout this expedition as during the Laguna de Bay expedition,
when he won the commendation of his commanding officers, under fire as well as for
efficiency in his legitimate duties.
Very respectfully, H. W. LAWTON,
Major General^ U. S. V., Commanding.
Report of Brevet Major J. F. Case, Second Oregon TJ. S. Volunteer
Infantry, Acting Engineer Officer, First Division, Eighth
Army Corps, April 37 to May 31, 1899.
Manila, F. I., June 1, 1899.
Adjutant Gbnebai,,
Mr St Division, Eighth Army Corps.
Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report covering the period from April
27 to May 31, 1899, while I was serving on the staff of Maj. Gen. H. W. Lawton, as acting
engineer officer.
On April 27th, at Norzagaray, I received General Field Orders, No. 3, First Division
Eighth Army Corps same date, and immediately reported at Angat.
I left Angat at 9.30 A. m., April 28th, with one battalion of the Thirteenth Minnesota,
under Major Diggles, and crossing the Quingua River at a ford just south of the town,
worked east and north in continuation of the reconnoissance of April 26th, made by Major
Eastwick, and one battalion of the Second Oregons; crossed the range into the valley
of the stream tributary to the Quingua River, opposite Angat; encountered about two
hundred insurgents of Gen. Pantalon Garcia' s command. After twenty minutes' long-
range flre the insurgents withdrew, and the column proceeded down the right bank of
the Quingua River as far as the town of Binanban, opposite Marunco, without further
opposition where we recrossed the river and joined the main command.
April 29th, with Colonel Summers's command, I crossed the river at Marunco and
moved westerly to the town of Polo, toward San Rafael. At Polo we struck the main
road, the only one on the north bank of the river. All our work previous to this had
been over mountain ranges or narrow valleys with only narrow trails or sled tracks to
follow.
San Rafael was entered without opposition at 1 p. m,, whence, on receiving orders
from the division commander, the column returned to M^runco.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 579
The road from Polo to San Rafael is a good graded pike with three small bridges. The
surrounding country is sharply rolling and well w^ooded and dilRcult to pass through on
skirmish line. At San Rafael the country grows more level and open, with little uncul-
tivated ground.
May 1st I once more crossed the river with Colonel Summers's command and moved
from Polo toward San Rafael. About one and one half miles out of the latter town the
enemy's outposts were encountered by our scouts, who drove them back on their main
body, and also dislodged the entire force of nearly one thousand. The insurgents fell
back to the north and the west, taking up a strong position a half mile from the outskirts
of the town. Their position was such that in case of a frontal attack the attacking force
would be enfiladed by the fire of a force on the opposite side of the river. The attack
was, however, delivered on the flank and the enemy driven to the northward.
May 2d at G A. m. I moved with the scouts on the road to Baliuag. A strong force was
encountered near San Felipe, but were soon dislodged.
On approaching Baliuag a large number of natives were seen moving to the north.
A white flag having been shown on the insurgent line, I advanced by request of General
Lawton, accompanied by the three orderlies bearing the flag of truce. When within
about five hundred yards of their lines we were fired upon by some thirty insurgents
under the direction of two mounted officers, whereupon I returned to our lines.
Baliuag was taken about noon May 2d. On the morning of May 4th I accompanied
the column of Colonel Summers northward to Maasim, where four hundred insurgents,
strongly intrenched, were found. After a sharp engagement the enemy was driven out
and the town occupied by our troops, and I returned to Baliuag.
May 5th I went to Quingua to examine fords and arrange for a ferry in case of a rise
in the river.
On the 8th, by permission of General Lawton, I went to Maasim and, with two compa-
nies of Colonel Summers's command as escort, reconnoitered and sketched the enemy's
position at San Ildefonso. The enemy, over one thousand strong, held a strong position
here and opened a hot fire on us.
The reconnoissance being completed I returned to Baliuag.
May 12th, by order of General Lawton, Captain Birkhimer, of the division station,
and myself went to Maasim and, accompanied by Young's scouts and two companies
as support, advanced toward San Ildefonso for the purpose of making a detailed recon-^
noissance of the enemy's position and strength ; working our way to the extreme right
of the enemy's position, we exposed ourselves, drew their fire and secretly retired. Next,
we approached their center and repeated the same tactics. A hill on their extreme left
commanded the country we wished to examine, and it became necessary to dislodge an
outpost of the insurgents, some thirty in number. This was done very gallantly by
Young's scouts.
The hill we found controlled the enemy's position, and they quickly discovering the
small force opposing them made a determined attempt to retake the place, advancing
fully three hundred yards and to within five hundred yards of our position. The situa-
tion was so serious that I finally left the position after a conference with Captain Birk-
himer, who remained with the scouts, and proceeded to find and bring up our support.
On the approach of the support the enemy retired, evacuating their strong position, and
moving north toward San Miguel, while we followed them to within one and one half
miles of that place, inflicting considerable damage to their rear guard.
On our return San Ildefonso was occupied by our support shortly reenforced by
troops from Colonel Summers's command.
May 13th, at 6 A. m., Captain Birkhimer and myself, with Young's scouts and two
companies under Capt. H. L. Heath, Second Oregon, moved toward San Miguel. By
agreement with Captain Birkhimer I accompanied the support and he the scouts to
insure uniformity of action.
Small outposts of the enemy were met and driven in, but no considerable force
opposed our advance until the scouts, emerging from a stretch of woods, found the
enemy six hundred strong, under Gen. Gregorio del Pilar, in }.)Osition less than two hun-
Hosted by
Google
580 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
dred yards away. Without waiting for support/Chief of Scouts Young and his band of
heroes charged the center of the enemy's line, broke it and s^nt the enemy flying into
and through the town. A more gallant action was never seen on any field, and one fit
to go on record as an example of unexcelled coolness, daring, and good judgment.
A retrograde movement, under the circumstances, would have been suicidal, and this
fact was grasped instantly by Young and the gallant men under him.
Just at the close of this charge, with the fruits of victory already within his grasp,
Chief of Scouts Young received the wound which ultimately caused his death.
I wish to pay my tribute to the memory of the bravest man it has ever been my for-
tune to meet. Combining fearlessness with an unerring judgment, he instinctively
inspired the confidence in all minds which he so well deserved. His life was heroic and
his death inspiring.
At the first fire I had directed the deployment qf the support, and finding that the
enemy's line overlapped our own, I detached the flanking parties to protect our advance.
Although we movecj immediately, the advance of the scouts was so rapid that our line
was not engaged until the enemy was entirely clear of the town. I immediately rode
back to San Ildefonso for reenforcements, which were hurried forward and the place
held.
Oh May 15th, having learned from an escaped Spanish prisoner the location and
number of a force of the enemy at San Jos6, three miles north of San Miguel, I went
with Colonel Summers's brigade to that point. Three hundred of the enemy were
strongly intrenched here, but were driven ofi" with severe loss. They left sixteen dead
and five wounded on the field.
May 16th I accompanied a column under Captain Gale, Fourth Cavalry, to Sibul. No
force of the enemy was met, though hundreds of fugitives were found in the town and
were told they might return to their homes.
May 17th I accompanied General Lawton's sta,flrto San Isidro and participated in the
capture of that place. The roads from Baliuag north are all dirt roads, good in dry
weather, but practically impassable when wet.
In San Isidro I met Senors Dr. Albert and Arsemio, former members of the Filipino
congress and peace commission, and through them, at the request of General Lawton,
I entered into correspondence with the insurgent authorities, with the result that on
May 18th, in company with Lieutenant King, aid-de-camp, and Captain McKenna, sig-
nal oflScer, I met the Philippine peace commission, of four members, outside our lines
and escorted them in.
May 19th I examined both banks of the Rio Grande as far as Cabiao. May 20th I
crossed the river with seven companies of the Second Oregon under Lieutenant Colonel
Yoran, at a point opposite San Antonio, where we found Colonel Tecson with six com-
panies of insurgents. An attack was immediately made from the front, while the
scouts under Lieutenant Thornton, Second Oregon, who had crossed the river at San
Isidro, opened fire from a point somewhat in rear of the insurgent left fiank. The insur-
gents broke and fled in great disorder, leaving five dead on the field. The column then
proceeded to San Antonio along the right bank of the river to a point opposite Cabiao,
where we crossed the river and rejoined the main column. At 4 p. m. I accompanied
General Lawton to a point near the Arayat ferry.
May 21st was taken up in crossing the Rio Grande at the Arayat ferry, which was
successfully accomplished by the entire command.
May 22d I moved to Candaba with division headquarters. On May 23d, by permission
of General Lawton, I returned to Manila, where I have been on duty since that date.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
J. F. Case,
Brevet Major and Acting Engineer Officer.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 581
Report of Maj. Herbert W. Cardwell, U. S. V., Chief Surgeon, First
Division, Eighth. Army Corps, April 21 to May 30, 1899.
Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps,
Office of the Chief Surgeon,
Manila, P. I., May 31, 1899.
Surgeon GENERAii United States Army.
(Through military channels.)
Sir : I have the honor to present herewith a special report on the work of the medical
department and Hospital Corps during the expedition under the command of Maj. Gen.
H. W. Lawton, U. S. V., into the provinces of Bulacan, Nueve Ecija, and (A. M.) de la
Pampanga from April 21 to May 30, 1899, inclusive.
On receipt of General Orders, No. 20, Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army
Corps, dated Manila, P. I., April 19, 1899, designating the troops to take part in the expe-
dition, I required a report from the medical officer of the designated troops as to the
physical condition of the medical officers and Hospital Corps men of his command, and
as to whether he was sufficiently supplied to carry out the movement contemplated,
which was specified as to occupy ten days.
Medical offlcers.— Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, Capt. John A. Kulp, U. S. A., and
Dr. Isaac W. Brewer, acting assistant surgeon, U. S. A.; Gale's squadron, Fourth U. S.
Cavalry (three dismounted troops), Dr. G. W. Day wait, acting assistant surgeon',
U. S. A.; First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry, Maj. F. D. Pease — captain and
assistant surgeon, Black being on sick leave; Scott's battery, Dr. E. K. Johnstone,
acting assistant surgeon, U. S. A., who had not reported, but was hurried from Corre-
gidor in time to take the field ; Hawthorne's battery, no medical officer.
Under verbal orders from the division commander I detailed Maj. George H. Penrose,
brigade surgeon, U. S. V., as brigade surgeon on the expedition, and Lieut. F. M. Kemp,
assistant surgeon, U. S. A., from the Fourteenth United States Infantry, to act as
ambulance surgeon.
I secured from Capt. F. R. Keefer, commanding officer of the ambulance company,
four ambulances. These ambulances were in bad order, with leaky canvas and leaky
water tanks, no tools, and no spare parts. Animals consisting of one team of four
native ponies in bad order and two tearns of two mules each, and for the ambulance I
secured, through the division quartermaster, one team of four native ponies, the quality
of which was not guaranteed, and which proved to be bad.
Hearing semiofficially that battalions from Third U. S. Infantry, Oregon and Minne-
sota Volunteers, would join the column later, I investigated their condtition as to
medical officers and Hospital Corps men. Finding that the Third Infantry had no
medical officer with them the chief surgeon borrowed, at my request. Dr. Van Wagemen
from the hospital ship Relief, and secured an order from corps headquarters detailing
Doctor Pitcher from the Seventeenth Infantry to the Third Infantry.
I drew from the Quartermaster's Department twenty extra litters for the use of a
squad of forty Chinese litter bearers furnished by the Quartermaster's Department and
assigned by me pro rata to the different organizations.
Maj. G. H. Penrose drew from the purveyor's storehouse sufficient medical and
surgical supplies to enable him to conduct a brigade field hospital without tentage, and
drew from the commissary one hundred rations in addition to liberal supply of beef
extract, cocoa, and malted milk.
The Quartermaster's Department was unable to furnish any transportation for these
supplies, and it was necessary to load them into ambulances if they were to be carried
at all. This seriously interfered with our facilities for transportation of the sick and
wounded.
In this connection I desire to express the opinion that the Chinese coolie can be made
to play a very important and useful part in any campaigning in these islands. If
Hosted by
Google
582 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
assured that he will receive his pay and rations he will do any amount of work and face
any amount of rifle Are, but he requires to be under the constant supervision of some
authority.
In the Oregons each private of the hospital corps was charged with the oversight and
made responsible for the presence at all times of two coolies with one litter, and the ser-
vice rendered was excellent.
Toward midday of April 22 the command engaged the enemy near Novaliches, and
in the capture of that town one man was severely wounded and a number of the Third
and Twenty-second Infantry men had fallen to the rear from heat, and late at night it
was decided that the best interest of these men demanded their speedy transfer to the
hospital at Manila. As the next day's advance was to be into an unknown and hostile
country, it was deemed ill advised to deplete our small ambulance train, and the general
commanding wired to Manila for assistance.
An ambulance, with an escort, was sent out, arriving about 3 a. m., and the wounded
and seriously sick were transferred to the hospital.
During the 23d, 24th, and 25th of April ,the command traversed a mountain range,
which was to all intents and purposes impassable for vehicles of any description. Dur-
ing these days the ambulances, together with the remainder of the baggage train, were
moved bodily by hand, by large details of soldiers, over the worst parts of the road, not-
withstanding which all ambulance animals arrived in Norzagaray in very bad condi-
tion.
At this point the column was joined by battalions from the Third Infantry, Second
Oregon, and Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteers, with one mounted troop of cavalry
(Fouth United States) on native ponies, and one Utah fieldpiece.
This auxiliary brigade had two ambulances with 2-horse teams each. They appeared
to be in good condition and seemed to be welcome additions to our train.
On April 27th the headquarters and ambulance train moved into Angat, and receiv-
ing instructions from corps headquarters to send a wagon train to Bocaue, on the rail-
road, fourteen miles distant, to procure rations, advantage was taken to send all sick
and wounded from the command by ambulance and escort wagons to that point for
shipment to Manila.
On April 29th an advance was made upon San Rafel from both sides of the river. As
no road was known to exist on the north side of the river, the*ambulances took the
south bank, along which route all the fighting of that day occured.
Under orders from higher authority San Rafael was abandoned and the command
returned to Angat, and on May 1st a second advance was made on San Rafael, following
the same route. The ambulance train, however, forded the river (Rio Grande) at Mar-
unco and proceeded on the north bank, with the exception of one ambulance, which
accompanied the column on the south bank. On this occasion all the fighting was on
the north bank of the river until after the town had been captured. The road was bad,
and the bridges very insecure, and the horse teams proved balky and vicious. The fact
that Lieutenant Kemp succeeded in getting his train into San Rafael that night pvinced
dogged persistence with the hardest kind of physical labor for every man in the ambu-
lance train.
At this point it became possible for the quartermaster to designate one escort wagon
to accompany the train.
The following day the advance was continued on both sides of the river into Bustos,
on the south side of the river, and into Baliuag, on the north side.
The fighting at one time on this day extended over a front which from extreme right
to left flanks was nearly four miles.
At Baliuag the main column remained nearly two weeks, during which time an
advance column, accompanied by two ambulances, advanced upon and took in order,
Maasim, San Ildefonso, and San Miguel. During this time all sick and wounded from
the command were transported, via the ford of the Bulacan River, at Quingua, about
fourteen miles from Malolos, on the railroad, thence to Manila. This required several
trips of all available ambulances and the use of all escort wagons returning for rations.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 58S
The ford at Quingua was very bad, the water rising several inches into the beds of the
wagons, necessitating great delay in carrying patients across a primitive banboo bridge,
and necesitating constant doubling back and fourth of the mule teams, as the pony
teams had to swim.
At this time it became evident that the horse teams were utterly and absolutely
worthless, and if they had been taken into action they would have necessitated the
abandonment of the ambulances. This matter was properly reported to the division
commander, and before the advance to the north the general designated the 2-mule
teams from the pack train to replace the horses.
On May loth headquarters and ambulance train moved to San Miguel, and from
thencC) in two succeeding days, to San Isidro.
In making the advance on San Isidro it was considered advisable to leave all sick
and wounded at San Miguel, leaving the ambulances empty for the accommodation of
any wounded. Three ambulances were left in San Miguel and three taken with the
advancing column. Fifty-one patients were left behind in the care of the senior medical
officer presen t.
Upon the arrival of the main column at San Isidro it became evident that the troops
remaining at San Miguel and south of that point were to be cut loose from the main
column with a base of supplies at Malolos, and that the main column was to seek for
itself a new base of supplies by a further advance down the Rio Grande.
Telegraphic instructions were thereupon sent to the senior surgeon at San Miguel to
care for the sick left there, and tO return, via Malolos, to Manila, such as needed hospital
treatment at the first possible chance, and to forward immediately to San Isidro one
ambulance, the escort wagon, and all the brigade supplies not absolutely necessary for
the care of the sick on hands for two days.
Through error in the transmission of the telegram the surgeon retained what he con-
sidered legitimate supplies for ten days, which was, in fact, everything on hand, and
forwarded to San Isidro the ambulance only.
The following day it became necessary to send an ambulance to San Miguel with cer-
tain women accompanying, an alleged peace commission.
This ambulance was ordered to be immediately returned, and to bring the supplies
which had been held at San Miguel by mistake.
Lack of transportation for the commission at San Miguel necessitated the ambulance
proceding to Baliuag, and it never succeeded in joining the column until it reached Can-
daba and was about to be broken up four days later. It only succeededed in doing this
by making the most roundabout trip through Calumpit.
The first advance down the Rio Grande met with serious resistance near Cabiao at
dusk, and Lieutenant Kemp used proper discretion in bringing the wounded back to
San Isidro rather than attempt surgical treatment of three very serious cases in the
night on the bivouac without tentage. The following day the main column advanced
and forded the Rio Grande with much trouble at or near Arayat.
The following day the entire column moved down the river to Candaba, from which
point all sick and wounded were transported by river army gunboats to Calumpit on
the railroad and thence to Manila.
At this point the expedition was broken up and the ambulance train proceeded to
Manila by road, occupying the greater part of three days for the trip.
On May 23d, while the main column was at Candaba, the troops left at San Miguel
were ordered to proceed to Baliuag. From one point to the other they were in a constant
running fight, the insurgents making repeated attacks on the baggage and ambulance
trains.
The Third U. S. Infantry had during this day two killed and fourteen wounded, all of
whom they transported into Baliuag and thence to Manila.
All or a portion of the ambulance company were present in action against the fol-
lowing points: Novaliches, Norzagaray, Angat, Marunco, San Rafael (two), Bustos,
Baliuag, Maasim, San Ildefonso, San Miguel, San Isidro (two), and Capiao, together
with a number of smaller skirmisnes.
Hosted by
Google
584
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
At every stopping place of the column, Major Penrose immediately instituted in some
vacant house or convent a suitable shelter for the sick and wounded. This field hospital
was equipped with surgical and sterilizer chests, and permanent dressings were applied
to all wounded, together with such other susgical proceedures as were necessary.
I append a tabulated statement of completed cases in the field hospital. Of these five
hundred and fifteen cases, one hundred and two were returned to duty with the com-
mand, and four hundred and thirteen were transferred to hospitals in Manila.
The First North Dakota Volunteers had less sickness of any kind in proportion than
any other command in the expedition, and had they not turned over a number of men
for transportation on the last day of the trip, most of whom would have continued to
do duty if there had been any duty to perform, their figures would have seemed incred-
ible when compared with other organizations. This in spite of the fact that the regi-
ment especially distinguished itself both in the rapidity and thoroughness of its work
in the advance and in the hard work done by every man when in the rear with the bull
teams.
The surgeons and officers of the regiment attribute their immunity from sickness to
the fact that during the entire trip the regiment never mtssed a meal, and never was
more than an hour late. Every company carried coffee boilers and other cooking uten-
sils, and two days' rations on small pony carts which were kept closed up with their
column, no matter what the state of the roads or what the opposition by the enemy or
from commanding officers of other organizations. The fact that none of the carts
belonged to, or had ever been issued by the Quartermaster's Department, did not pre-
vent their increasing to a greater degree than any other one factor the efficiency of this
regiment.
In conclusion, while hampered by the insufficient number of medical officers, Hos-
pital Corps men, and ambulance animals, the sick and the wounded were at all times
promptly and correctly attended, and were transferred to Manila with the least possible
degree of discomfort.
On the occasion of the wounding of Major Diggles, and, later, of Civilian Scout
Young, special trips were made to insure their speedy delivery to city hospital.
Very respectfully,
Herbert W. Cardwelx,,
Major and Chief Surgeon, 77. S. V'
1 "^
1
s
1
! r
II
1
1
!
i
i
0
1
Average
aggregate.
1
1 ^
Second Oregon Volunteers
Seventeenth U. S. Infantry
1
5
2
33
10
11
21
42
9
2
2
36
12
2
3
20
27
•2
2
3
12
2
2
20
1
9
1
1
8
2
8
5
1
1
n
4
3
14
20
3
5
2
21
79
18
18
100
109
25
13
7
85
2
6
51
2
20
23
9
14
20
5
2
1
22
2
20
435
1,119
369
Ninth U. S. Infantry
Third U. S. Infantry
2
3
17
4
1
1
"3"
3
5
1
3
~~2
10
7
6
5
742
Twenty-second U. S. Infantry —
Fourth U. S. Cavalry
882
278
Sixth U. S. Artillery
47
Hospital Corps, U. S. A
Thirteenth Minnesota Vols
Utah Artillery
_____..
17
2
6
543
22
Signal Corps- ____„ „ _^____„„
3
18
— -
""2
1
6
20
First North Dakota Volunteers
4
1
458
Civilians _
I
Total - .
9
35
17
187
108
26
37
6
90
515
138
4,932
The Seventeenth and Ninth Infantry were with the command but two days prior to
the completion of this report.
Hosted by
Google
REPORT
BEEVET BEIG. GEN. 0. SUMMERS,
Seconi> Oregon U. S. Voi^unteeb Infantry,
COMMANDING PROVISIONAL BRIGADE, FIRST DIVISION EIGHTH ARMY CORPS,
APRIL 22 TO MAY 25, 1899.
Headquarters Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V.,
Cuartel de Espana, Manila, P. I., June 10, 1899.
Assistant Adjutant General,
First Division, Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. I.
Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the pro-
visional brigade under my command from April 22, 1899, to May 25, 1899:
In compliance with Special Orders, No. 21, Headquarters Second Division, Eighth
Army Corps, dated Malolos, April 20, 1899, seven companies of the Second Oregon
Infantry, U. S. V. (Companies A, B, P, G, I, K, L, and M), and detachment of the
Hospital Corps, Maj. Percy Willis, commanding, and eight companies Thirteenth
Minnesota Infantry, U. S. V. (Companies C, D, E, G, H, K, L, and M), Maj. Arthur M.
Diggles, commanding, Troop I, Fourth U. S. Cavalry, Second Lieutenant Boyd com-
manding, and a section of Utah Light Artillery, Sergt. J. A. Anderson, command-
ing, assembled at Bocaue Bridge on the afternoon of April 22, 1899, at which time I
assumed command of same.
The following morning, April 23d, the column of troops above mentioned left camp
north of the bridge at Bocaue at 5.80 o'clock, wagon train with ten days' travel rations
and ammunition following, and proceeded on road toward Norzagaray for the purpose
of forming a junction at that point with the column under the command of Major Gen-
eral Lawton. Passed through Santa Maria at 6.45 A. m., and arrived at River Guyon at
9.15 A. M., and rested during the heat of the day. Left river at 2.50 p. m. and advanced
on road toward Norzagaray. The cavalry in advance commenced skirmishing with the
enemy about 3 o'clock p. m. One battalion of the Oregons were deployed in line of
skirmishers and advanced with occasional fire until the bluff overlooking Norzagaray
was reached at 4 p. m. At this point, with the cavalry on the right dismounted and two
battalions of the Second Oregon on the left, considerable firing was done with the enemy
until dark. At dark command drew back and went into camp at water, about two and
one half miles fron Norzagaray. Distance traveled during day, twelve miles. Casualties,
none.
On the following morning, April 24th, broke camp at 5.35 and advanced toward Nor-
zagaray. The enemy were entirely routed and driven in disorder across the river; com-
mand entered city at 6.50 a. m. Frank Witlinger, private. Thirteenth Minnesota, slight
gunshot wound left wrist, spent ball ; W. D. Burlinger, sergeant, Company K, Thirteenth
Minnesota, gunshot wound through left knee, severe ; H. Donaldson, private, Company
G, Thirteenth Minnesota, strain in muscle of right thigh ; William Herr, private, Troop
I, Fourth Cavalry, gunshot wound in left hand, slight; one horse, Troop I, killed.
Hosted by
Google
586 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
After arriving in Norzagaray, one battalion Thirteenth Minnesota, Capt. C. T. Spear,
commanding, was sent out to reconnoiter on road north of Norzagaray leading into
Angat, with instructions to discover the enemy's position and strength, if possible, but
not to bring on an engagement. On arriving about one thousand live hundred yards of
the town of Angat, this battalion was attacked by the enemy, numbering about fifty,
who fired several volleys from what appeared to be trenches extending along the river
bank to the north and south of a large church. In this position they commanded the
country for at least two thousand yards, east and south. After making a close observa-
tion of the topography of the country, and reconnoitering the position of the enemy,
found a good road from Norzagaray, having traveled a distance of five miles.
Captain Heath's battalion, Secohd Oregon, and Troop I, Fourth Cavalry, left Norza-
garay at 9.80 a. m. with instructions to proceed south on road leading to San Jos6 and
form a junction with Greneral Lawton's command. They proceeded south a distance of
five or six miles. The roads were found extraordinarily rough, and about 1 o'clock pm.,
the men having become exhausted, the command was halted and Lieutenant Boyd in-
structed to proceed down the road three or four miles, or until he formed a junction
with General Lawton's command. At 2.45 P. m. Lieutenant Boyd .reported back with
information that he had formed a junction with General Lawton's command after pro-
ceeding about three miles.
The command then returned, arriving at Norzagaray at 5.45 p. m.
The country passed over was hilly, and the roads in very bad condition. No armed
natives were seen, and there was no indication that the country was occupied by armed
natives. Distance traveled, about fourteen miles.
The following morning, April 25th, at 5.50 o'clock, Major Eastwick's battalion. Second
Oregon, Captain Spear's battalion, Thirteenth Minnesota, and detachment of Utah
Light Artillery, under Sergt. J. A. Anderson, left camp at Norzagaray and advanced
north on road to Angat. After discovering the enemy's position a piece of artillery was
placed at an advantageous point on top of the hill overlooking town, and began shell-
ing the town. At the same time the infantry was deployed in line of skirmishers and
advanced under a heavy fire from the enemy, and drove them out after a very stubborn
resistance, and entered the city at 7 o'clock A. m. Upon entering the city received a very
heavy fire from enemy, who had crossed the river and taken up a very strong position
on bluflT overlooking Angat on opposite side, their fire being silenced only after rapid
and continuous fire lasting nearly an hour.
Having no instructions to occupy the town, returned to Norzagaray at 10 o'clock a.
M. Distance traveled, five miles.
Casualties: A. T. Williams, private, Company E, Thirteenth Minnesota, gunshot
wound left shoulder.
The enemy's strength at this point was estimated at from one thousand to twelve
hundred.
While this command was absent at Angat troops in camp at Norzagaray were fired
on by natives from across the river. A hot fire was kept up for some time. Natives
finally silenced.
Casualties : Serg. C. R. Herrington, Company P, Second Oregon, gunshot wound in
back of neck.
At 12 o'clock noon General Lawton and staff arrived at Norzagaray and assumed
command.
On the following morning, April 2Cth, Maj. P. G. Eastwick's battalion, Second Ore-
gon, was instructed to cross the river at Norzagaray and make reconnoissance of oppo-
site bank and adjacent country. This command advanced until arriving opposite
Marunco, where they forded the river and returned to camp. On April 27th, in compli-
ance with instructions of the division commander, the provisional brigade, consisting
of the Second Oregon Infantry and Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, reorganized under
General Field Orders No. 2, Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps, dated at
Norzagaray, April 26, 1899, left that point at 7.40 a. m. and marched to Marunco, arriving
at 11.30 A. M., no resistance being encountered. Distance traveled, six miles.
Hosted by
Google
OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAK. 587
Before entering Marunco Major Eastwick's battalion, Second Oregon, left the road
opposite Angat and proceeded across hills west of Angat and following the valley took
a northeasterly course through rice fields to a point on a ridge overlooking the town of
Sulucan, making a thorough reconnoissance of the country passed through, and entered
the town of Sulucan, which Avas found deserted. This battalion then proceeded down
the road and reported at Marunco, no insurgents were seen, and the country passed
through was agricultural land. Distance traveled b^- this battalion after leaving the
road about five miles.
One battalion Second Oregon, under command of Captain Heath, and one battalion
Thirteenth Minnesota, under command of Captain Masterman, the two battalions being
under the command of Major Diggles, were instructed to and forded the river at Angat
at 8.45 A. M. in company with Captain Case, engineer officer, started in a northerly direc-
tion gradually veering round to the left, passed up the valley and over a considerable
mountain. As the command was about to emerge from the brush on the farther side
of the mountain they received a heavy fire from the enemy. As the bullets passed very
high they were evidently directed against the few scouts who were stationed on top of
the mountain. The command advanced and opened fire on them driving the enemy
from their position. Another party opened fire on the command on the left. Three
platoons were sent on a high elevation to occupy their attention and cover the move-
ments of the remaining troops in the valley. The command advanced through the
valley directing their march toward the river, crossing same at a point a little below
the town of Marunco. Returned to command at 4 p. m. Quite a number of streams
were crossed on this trip and several sled paths, but no practicable road of any descrip-
tion was found. The country passed through was very rough and almost impassable,
troops being compelled to march in single file during a large portion of the time.
On April 29th the Second Oregon Infantry, Major Willis commanding, the Thirteenth
Minnesota Infantry, Major Diggles commanding, and Hawthorne's battery left Marunco
at 6 o'clock A. M., fording the river at that point, and advanced on the road leading to
San Rafael. On arriving on hilltop overlooking San Rafael, about one and one quarter
miles from the church, two battalions of the Thirteenth Minnesota were deployed as
skirmishers to the right and rear of town, their left resting on the road. The battery
and Second Oregons on the left. Advanced and entered the city at 12.20 p. m., meeting
no opposition, and found the town deserted.
In compliance with orders, command returned to Marunco, leaving San Rafael at
3.30 P. M. and arriving at Marunco at 6 p. m., returning through Polo and fording the
river at that point. Distance traveled about fifteen miles. The country passed through
after fording the stream was found to be thickly wooded and nothing but sled paths
winding through the hills and through deep gulches, it being necessary to dismount
field pieces and carry them through these rough places. After reaching the main road
near Polo, the road was found to be in fair condition, with the exception of one bridge,
which required repairing before the artillery could be taken across.
April 30th the command remained in camp at Marunco and the troops were mustered
for pay.
May 1st, in compliance with General Field Orders No. 4, Headquarters First Division,
Eighth Army Corps, dated at Angat, Luzon, May 1, 1899, the provisional brigade (Sec-
ond Oregon and Thirteenth Minnesota) and Scott's battery left Marunco with wagon
train at 11.50 A. m. and forded the river at that point, and proceeded on main road,
to Polo toward San Rafael. After advancing on the road about two miles the advance
guard was fired upon by insurgent sharpshooters, who were dislodged and fire was
silenced by the scoujis and flankers. Upon arrival within about one and one quarter
miles of San Rafael the advance guard was again fired upon by the enemy, who held a
position on the ridge to the right and in the rear of the town. The Second Oregon
Infantry, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Yoran, with instructions to clear the
ridge and enter the town from the rear, moved forward against the enemy. Major
Willis's battalion deployed in line of skirmishers and advanced to the front.
Major Eastwick's battalion, acting as support to Scott's battery, and Thirteenth Min-
Hosted by
Google
588 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
nesota proceeded down the road and entered the town at 4.30 p. m. After entering the
town the enemy opened heavy fire from across the river from the left and in front. Onr
troops were immediately placed in position and returned the fire. The commanding
general arriving at this time, Scott's battery was placed into position and after shelling
the enemy for about thirty minutes silenced their fire. The two battalions of the Sec-
ond Oregon under the command of lieutenant colonel, which had marched to the right,
entered the town from the rear at 6 p. m., having forced the enemy back from their posi-
tion. TheiThird U. S. Infantry (two battalions, Captain Hannay, commanding) reported
for duty at 5.20 p. m. The distance traveled, about five miles. Enemy were estimated
at about one thousand. Their loss was considerable ; unable to estimate their exact
number.
Our casualties were as follows : Private Frank Lewis, Company P, Thirteenth Min-
nesota, killed; WilUam Betzold, private, Light Battery D, Sixth Artillery, gunshot
wound, left arm ; Edgar J. Chamberlin, corporal. Company K, Second Oregon Infantry,
gunshot wound through right leg above knee; William E. Smith, Company K, Second
Oregon, gunshot wound, left arm, fracturing same; John T. Reeves, private, Company
A, Second Oregon, gunshot wound through right leg, severe.
The remains of Frank Lewis, Company F, Thirteenth Minnesota, were buried in the
square in front of the church, it being impossible to transport the body.
Mayy.~ Under instructions Irom the division commander, the provisional brigade,
Third U. S. Infantry, and Scott's battery, accompanied by wagon train, left San Rafael
at 6 A. M., preceded by Capt. J. F. Case, acting engineer officer, and scouts, advanced on
road to Baliuag. A short distance from San Rafael scouts and advance guard were
repeatedly fired on by the enemy. The column advanced along road passing through
several small villages with one battalion of the third in advance, in line of skirmishers,
arriving at opening about one and one half miles from Baliuag. Fire was opened on our
line by the enemy who held strong position on opposite side of opening, protected by line
of bamboo thickets; were also in front and to the left from a strongly fortified position in
the village of Santa Aeno. Scott's battery immediately placed into position and opened
fire on the enemy. One battalion of the Ttiird Infantry deployed in line of skirmishers
on the right. Commanding general arrived at this time and assumed command.
Under his direction battery ceased firing, it being reported from the line that a flag
of truce was seen advancing ].o our lines, and by direction of the division commander
Capt. J. F. Case, Sergt. Maj. John W. Marshall, Second Oregon, and the commanding gen-
eral's orderly, with the division flag as a flag of truce, advanced toward the enemy's
lines.
Upon arriving at a point about three hundred yards from the enemy's lines they were
fired upon, and immediately dismounted and retired as soon as possible.
The Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry was placed on the right of the Infantry and
deployed in line of skirmishers, facing toward Baliuag, same having been entered at 3.10
p, M., scouts having entered in advance of the main column and found the place deserted
by the enemy. Distance traveled, seven miles. Enemy's loss severe, unable to estimate
the exact number, it being reported from the line that a large number of wounded, car-
ried on stretchers, could be seen.
Our casualties were as follows ;
Jacob Fisher, Company E, Third Infantry, gunshot wound dQrsal side of penis ; Fred-
erick Miller, private, Company L, Third Infantry, penetrating wound left thigh ; frac-
turing bone.
The command, after arriving in Baliuag, were assigned quarters and went into camp.
Outposts and street patrols were established, and sentries placed ®ver all government
property.
May >i.— The Provisional Brigade, Third Infantry, and detachment Utah Light Artil-
lery left Baliuag at 6.40 a. m., and advanced on road leading to Maasim. Found enemy
very strongly entrenched on river bank in front of Maasim, and drove them out after
repeated and heavy fire. Command immediately followed across the river and occupied
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 589
Maasim, the enemy retiring to San Ildefonso. Went into camp at Maasim at 11.35 a.m.
Distance traveled, about eight miles. Enemy's loss severe, exact number not known.
Our casualties as follows : Fred Buckendorf, private, Company L, wounded in left side
serious ; James Barrett, private, Company H, Thirteenth Minnesota, wounded in right
shoulder, severe.
May 5.— In camp at Maasim, Luzon, Martin Rekdahl, private, Company G, Second
Oregon Infantry, accidentally shot himself in right foot, slight. Henry Lehman, private,
Company M, Third Infantry, accidently shot through left arm and into body ; died and
was buried at Maasim, Captain Spear's battalion was sent out to reconnoiter. Com-
pany E (Lieutenant Mellinger) proceeded to the west along the river for about two and
one half miles. Destroyed live hundred bushels of rice in bins and one hundred and
fifty bags. The enemy was not sighted and but few houses found containing families.
He reports having seen a long wagon train, consisting chiefly of bull carts moving in a
northerly direction. Company H (Captain Bjornstad) covered about two miles to the
northwest. Did n't encounter any enemy, but found about one hundred rounds of new
Remington ammunition, lately buried, which he destroyed. Also found eight bolos
hid in a straw stack. Company D (Captain Metz) covered about two miles to the north-
west. He destroyed four hundred and ninety-four sacks of rice and forty-five bushels in
bins, three 5-gallon cans of syrup, and fifteen barrels of sugar. He reported seeing the
enemy at a distance at about three quarters of a mile to the front and left.
Company C (Lieutenant Bunker) went to the east about two and one half miles. He
destroyed about five hundred bushels of rice in bins. Reported seeing a few natives
moving who claimed their destination was Baliuag. The enemy was not encountered
and no shots were fired.
Major Willis' battalion. Second Oregon, left camp at 8 o'clock a. m. and advanced on
road leading toward San Miguel. The enemy were sighted in a town about two miles
from Maasim. They had very strong intrenchments and their number estimated to be
about one thousand. Their position was on a hill in the town with a line extending
about a half a mile from each side of the road. The country from. Maasim for the first
mile was quite thick with trees and shrubbery, but from there on was open.
May 6. — In camp at Maasim.
May 7.— In camp at Maasim. Major Willis' battalion left camp at 7.30 A. m., and
marched north, following road for about two miles, where battalion halted. Major
Willis then with a small bodyguard went forward to a point of hill in front of town of
San Ildefonso, about eight hundred yards distant. The enemy did not appear in as
great numbers as previously seen, not over one hundred and fifty being visible. Saw
several mounted officers moving about. Trenches appeared to be facing south and
southeast.
May 5. — In camp at Maasim. At 1.30 p. m. Colonel Summers, with Company K, Thir-
teenth Minnesota Infantry (Lieutenant Walsh), Company F, Second Oregon (Lieutenant
Grim), acting as escort, and Captain Case, engineer officer, left camp for the purpose
of investigating the enemy's position with view to attack, Maj. A. M. Diggles, of the
Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, accompanying party. Arriving on hilltop overlooking
San Ildefonso, the command halted, and Captain Case, with Colonel Summers and party,
proceeded to make observations of the enemy's lines. The enemy were seen deploying
in line on ridge to the right of the road, and presumably into trenches. Bugle calls were
heard in the city, and the enemy could very plainly be seen, their number estimated to
be about one thousand. Captain Case made drawings of position of the enemy, and just
on completion of same, enemy opened fire from a small, low ridge in advance of their
main positions. Company F immediately took position on crest of hill overlooking the
works of the enemy and fired three volleys for the purpose of locating their exact
position. Company K, Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, took position behind hill, and
awaited orders. While in this position Maj. A. M. Diggles, who was standing in road at
the head of this company, was struck in the forehead by a bullet coming apparently
from down the road. The wound was mortal. John G. Miller, Corporal, Company F,
Hosted by
Google
590 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Second Oregon, gunshot wound in left arm, slight. Command returned to camp at 4
p. M., having traveled a distance of four miles.
il^fa^ 9-iO.— In camp at Maasim.
May ll.~ln camp at Maasim. Young's scouts reported at 6 p. m., twenty-six men.
May 12.-1x1 camp at Maasim.
Jia2/ Jf5."~" Provisional brigade, consisting of Second Oregon, Thirteenth Minnesota,
detachment Utah Light Artillery, left Maasim at 8 a. m. and advanced on road toward
San Miguel. Passed through San Udefonso at 9.25 a. m., enemy having been driven out
by the scouts earlier in the morning. At 1.35 p. m. Captain Case reported the capture of
San Miguel by Young's scouts and one company of the Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry
and one company of the Second Oregon Infantry, under command of Captain Heath.
The main column left San Udefonso at 3.15 p. m., arriving at San Miguel at 5 p. m. Dis-
tance traveled from Maasim, eight miles.
May 1 It.— In camp at Sru Miguel.
May 15. — Left San Miguel at 3 p. m. and advanced on road leading to San Isidro.
Immediately after leaving San Miguel, Company K, of tlie Thirteenth Minnesota Infan-
try, advance guard, engaged the enemy and drove them rapidly through and beyond
Salacat, killing and wounding quite a number and capturing twenty-six guns.
First Sergt. H. M. Howard, Company K, Thirteenth Minnesota, gunshot wound in
right wrist, slight.
Arrived at Salacat at 5.05 p. m. and went into camp, having traveled a distance of
four miles.
May 16.— Lief t Salacat at 6 A. m. and advanced on road leading to San Isidro. Scouts
in advance engaged the enemy and drove them across the river and from strong trenches
occupied by them, after a short and very severe engagement.
The enemy on retiring across the river set fire to bridge, which the scouts extin-
guished in face of fire from enemy.
This river is not fordable and the bridge was a very important necessity to the com-
mand. Their number was estimated at more than one hundred, of whom six were
killed, seven wounded, and one captured ; fourteen guns taken. Our loss was Private
Jahies Harrington (scout), Company G, Second Oregon, killed. Command arrived at
San Roque at 9.30 A. M. and went into camp. During the afternoon the wagon trains
arrived and were pulled across the stream by hand and into camp. At 11 o'clock p. m.
Colonel French reported the Twenty-second Infantry for duty. Lieutenant Colonel Treu-
mann reported one battalion of the North Dakota Infantry the same hour, Scott's bat-
tery reported also ; these troops being under command of Colonel French.
May 17. — Provisional brigade, consisting of the Twenty-second Infantry, one battalion
of the North Dakota Infantry, Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, Second Oregon Infantry,
Scott's battery (three guns), detachment Utah Light Artillery (one gun), left San Rogue
at 5 A. M. and advanced on road leading to San Isidro, Arriving in sight of town, troops
were deployed in line of battle, North Dakotas and Second Oregons on right of road and
right of line; marched into position in column of files. The Twenty-second Infantry
took position on left of road ; battery center on road, with Thirteenth Minnesota Infan-
try in column of files on each side of the road.
The extreme right and left of the line deployed well to the front, forming a shallow
V-shape. In this position the line advanced. The right became immediately engaged
with the enemy, who were in strong force in front of San Isidro, on the right of the road.
Fire was returned, and the command continued to advance. After adva:ncing a short
distance lin6 halted ; battery placed in position and shelled the right flank of enemy.
The main fire of the enemy having been silenced by the artillery, the line continued to
advance and entered the city at 9.40 A. m. The Twenty-second Infantry on the left of the
line met no enemy, and entered without any resistance whatever. Enemy's loss was
great ; exact number not known.
Our casualties : Martin E. Tew, private, Company F, Thirteenth Minnesota, gunshot
wound in right leg, very slight; Frank M. Butts, private^ Company L, Second Oregon,
gunshot wound in right leg, slight. Distance traveled, five miles.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 591
Major Eastwick's battalion and one battalion of the Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry,
both under command of Major Eastwick, left San Isidro at 4.40 A. m. and proceeded east
and occupied the town of Gapan, arriving at 6.10 p. m. The column, preceded by an
advance guard, entered the town without resistance. At 7.30 p. m. the Third Infantry
reported to Major Eastwick and went into camp, having marched direct from San
Miguel.
May 18.— In camp at San Isidro. Major Eastwick reported back to this place with the
two battalions under his command at 8.15 a. m.
May 19.-— In camp at San Isidro. Immediately after breakfast headquarters building
was fired upon by a few insurgent sharpshooters from across the river. At 5 A. m. the
provisional brigade, consisting of Second Oregon Infantry and Thirteenth Minnesota
Infantry, left camp at San Isidro and advanced on road toward Santa Ana.
At a point about one and one half miles from San Isidro, and opposite San Antonio,
the Second Oregon Infantry, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Yoran, forded the
river, with Major Willis's battalion deployed as skirmishers; commenced to advance at
8.30 A, M. Main column continued toward Cabiao, which place was entered at 12 noon.
The Second Oregon Infantry engaged the enemy at 8.30 a. m., and drove them back,
killing three or four, and advanced through San Antonio, and, fording the river, arrived
at Cabiao at 4.15 p. m., having traveled a distance of over ten miles. The main column
went into camp on entering the city at 12 noon. The wagon train, having taken a differ-
ent and shorter route, arrived at 10 a. m.
May ^i.— Left Cabiao at 5.30 a. m. and marched on road leading to Arayat ; arrived at
river bank opposite at 12 o'clock noon, and during the afternoon transported wagon
train and supplies and forded the river, Went into camp near Arayat. Distance trav-
eled, ten miles.
On the same day, wagon train following a short distance in rear of column, guarded
by Companies A and L, Second Oregon, was fired on by enemy in position on opposite
side of the river. Returned fire and silenced enemy. No casualties. Camped for the
night in small village on opposite side of the river, near Arayat.
May ^^.— Left camp at 5 a. m. and marched on road leading to Arayat, arriving at said
point and reporting to the commanding general at 5.30 a. m., and, according to instruc-
tions, proceeded to Candaba, following in rear of Colonel French's column, passing
through Santa Ana and arriving at Pasing, a small village opposite Candaba, at 10.30
A. M., having traveled a distance of about eight miles.
May 25.— Ijeft camp at Pasing at 6.05 A. m., and advanced on road leading to Calumpit,
passing through the villages of Catalina and San Sebastian, arriving at San Luis at 9.30
A. M. Distance traveled, six miles. At 1.15 p. m. column moved forward again, passing
through the villages of San Rita and San Petro, arriving at San Simon at 2.45 p. m. On
arrival of wagon train at 3.45 p. m., a heavy rain falling, went into camp for the night.
Distance traveled, three and one-half miles. Total distance traveled during the day,
nine and one-half miles. Andrew's battery (D, First Artillery), attached to provisional
brigade per verbal orders commanding general Eighth Army Corps.
May ^A.— Broke camp at San Simon at 5.30 A. m., and, passing through the villages of
San Jos^. Santa Lucia, Apalat, San Bicent, and Sulapan, arriving at Calumpit at 8.30
A. M., having traveled a distance of ten miles. Went into camp.
March W.— According to instructions, the provisional brigade, consisting of the Sec-
ond Oregon and Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, was dissolved, the Thirteenth Minne-
sota being stationed along the railroad from Caloocan to Malolos, and the Second Oregon
returning to its quarters in the Cuartel de Espana, in Manila.
In closing this, my ofl5cial report of operations of my command, and in compliance
with the request of the division commander, I have the honor to specially request and
recommend for promotion for meritorious and faithful service during the campaign, the
following officers :
Maj. Percy Willis, Second Oregon Infantry.
Maj. Philip G. Eastwick, Jr., Second Oregon Infantry.
Capt. H. L. Heath, Second Oregon Infantry.
Hosted by
Google
592 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
Capt. (now Maj.) J. P. Mastermann, Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry.
Capt. C. T. Spear, Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry.
Capt. Oscar Seebach, Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry.
First Lieut. Eugene P. Crowne, Second Oregon Infantry, acting assistant adjutant
generaL
First Lieut. L. H. Knapp, acting quartermaster and commissary in connection with
his other duties as commissary of the Second Oregon Infantry.
Second Lieut, F. A, Mead, acting ordnance officer, Second Oregon Infantry.
In recommending these officers for promotion I desire to call attention to their untir-
ing efforts and faithful performance of every duty assigned them, and furthermore, th
successful accomplishment of same, as well as their consideration of the officers and
men under them.
I have the honor to recommend that medals of honor be granted Sergt. Maj. John W.
Marshall, Second Oregon Infantry, Sergt. J. A, Anderson, in charge of section of Utah
Light Artillery, and Private Gilbert F. Smith, Company F, Second Oregon Infantry, as
evidence of meritorious and faithful services.
In recommending Sergt. J. A. Anderson, I desire to call attention particularly to the
efficient work of section of battery under his command in front of the enemy at
Norzagaray on April 24th, when in face of the fire of the enemy, the artillery was
moved on the firing line and advanced Avith the line on the road within four hundred
yards of the enemy, and upon all other occasions this soldier is to be complimented
upon the efficient manner in which he handled his piece and the effective execution.
As a closing remark I desire to express my appreciation of having had the oppor-
tunity of serving and being under the immediate command of an officer of the ability,
taict, and consideration of the division commander, Maj. Gen. Henry W, Lawton.
I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully,
O. SUMMETIS,
Brevet Brigadier General,
Commanding Brovisional Brigade, First Division, Eighth Army Corps.
Report of Maj. P. G. Eastwick, Jr., Second Oreg-on U. S. Volunteer
Infantry, of Reconnoissance Near Angat, April 26, 1899.
In the Field, Norzagaray, April 26, 1899.
Adjutant,
Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V.
Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of reconnoissance made to-day
from this point and on east side of the river as far as Angat. The command consisted
of the following companies : B, M, G, and F, of the Second Regiment Oregon Volunteers,
and left Norzagaray at 8.25 a. m., fording the river at a point six hundred yards south,
upstream from the church. The depth of the stream was one and one half feet. From
this point the command moved in a northerly direction, inclining slightly to the east,
and at a distance of half a mile intersected a road with course due east and west.
Turning to the east for a hundred yards we entered a small village, one of the buildings
of which contained some three hundred bushels of rice and several hundred pounds of
sugar. From this point northeast the command followed a trail or sled track for five
hundred yards to a small creek, fordable at any point. Thence, ascending a small hill
through a rolling country with cultivated fields and wooded knolls, the advance party
was met by a fire from the insurgent outposts, placed at the top of the next rise, some
three hundred yards beyond.
The insurgents, some fifteen in number, under command of an officer, were driven
back, retreating in a southeasterly direction. The command moved forward in a
generally northerly direction, following the crest of the range of hills which tend in a
north and south line, with flankers thrown out when the nature of the growth per-
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 593
mitted, though for the most part it was necessary to move in column of files, with
flanks unprotected. At nearly every prominent point was a small lookout station, and
pile of brush for signal lights, which we burned. At the head of the creek, where the
bridge turns sharply to the west, our advance party was again fired upon by the insur-
gents from a ravine some four hundred yards to the northeast. The fire was returned
with some eflTect, driving the insurgents into the brush. The command followed the
ridge to the west to a point overlooking the river.
At this point twenty-six insurgents were seen, and being fired on retreated to the
northeast, leaving one wounded man, who is now in our hospital. The command then
entered the valley and skirted the base of the ridge, halting at the river under the pro-
tection of a bluff for forty-five minutes for lunch. At 12.45 p. m. again taking up the
march, ascended the next ridge, where the advance guard was met by a volley from
some five insurgents in the valley on the other side. Returning the fire they were
driven beyond the range. These insurgents were dressed in red uniforms and armed
with Mausers and Remingtons. From this point could be seen many natives moving
north. The command then proceeded on the ridge and to the ford, half a mile north of
Angat. The water here was three feet deep at this ford, and, crossing at this point, a
halt of forty-five minutes was made. The command then returned to the point by the
road on the west side of the river, arriving at 4 p. m.
In numerous places in the hills stores of rice, corn, and sugar were found, and also
some few bolos, but no firearms. It is estimated that about six or seven insurgents
were killed, and nine prisoners were taken and are now in confinement. Distance
traveled estimated at ten miles.
Attached hereto, marked "Exhibit A," is a sketch of the country traversed, and
"Exhibit B" consists of some correspondence found in a house previously occupied by
the insurgents. "Exhibit C" consists of insurgents' telegraphic dispatches concerning
the uprising in Tondo of February 23, 1899.
Very respectfully, P. G. Eastwick,
Major Second Oregon.
E-eport of Col. O. Summers, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry,
of Operations Provisional Brigade, Near Marunco,
April 29, 1899.
Headquarters Provisional. Brigade, First Division ,
Eighth Army Corps,
April 29, 1899.
Assistant Adjutant General:
Mrst Division, Eighth Army Corps, Angat, Luzon.
Sir: In compliance with written instructions from the division commander, dated
at Angat, April 28, 1899, my command, consisting of the Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry,
U. S. v., and the Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V., accompanied by Hawthorne's
Battery (two guns) and Capt. J. F. Case, acting engineer officer. First Division, Eighth
Army Corps, broke camp at 6 o'clock a. m., April 29, 1899, and crossing the Rio de
Q;Uingua, opposite Marunco, passing through the deserted town of Binabag, and pro-
ceeded to cross the country, following trails and crossing streams and gulches, encoun-
tering many obstacles necessitating the dismounting of the guns, which were transported
by hand. After going about two miles reached the main road leading to San Rafael and
Pulo.
Advanced on main road, passing through Pulo and Talocson, both villages being
deserted. Arriving at a point about a quarter of a mile from San Rafael, the command,
with the Thirteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, deployed in line of skirmishers with
left resting on road on left of line, with Second Oregon Infantry, IT. S. V., as support,
advanced upon town and entered same at 12.30 o'clock, meeting with no opposition, and
found the town deserted. Distance traveled, seven miles,
38
Hosted by
Google
594 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
At 3.30 o'clock P. M., in compliance with instructions from division commander, com-
mand returned to Mar unco, fording the river at Pulo, and arriving at camp at 6 o'clock
p. M. By this route a distance of two miles was saved, distance traveled on return being
five miles.
From river hank opposite Marunco to main road leading to San Rafael, found the
country very rough and broken ; no roads, only poor trails leading through dense thick-
ets of underbrush, into deep gulches and over hills, utterly impassable for trains.
Main road leading to San Rafael was found in fair condition, with the exception of
one small bridge, which was easily repaired, and is passable for wagon train. No armed
insurgents w;ere seen.
Total distance traveled, twelve miles. No casualties.
Very respectfully, o. Scmmebs,
Colonel Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V.,
Commanding Provisional Brigade,
Report of Col. O. Summers, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry,
Commanding Provisional Brigade, of Capture of
San Rafael, May 1, 1899.
Headuijarters Provisional Brigade, First Division,
Eighth Army Corps,
In the Field, San Rafael, Luzon, May 1,1899,
Assistant Adjutant General,
Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps,
Sir : In compliance with General Field Orders No. 4, Headquarters First Division,
Eighth Army Corps, dated Angat, Luzon, May 1, 1899, the Thirteenth Minnesota In-
fantry, U. S. v.. Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V., Scott's battery, broke camp and left
Marunco with wagon trains at 11.50 o'clock a. m.. May 1, 1899, and, crossing river at ford
at Marunco, proceeded on the main road through Pulo tc) San Rafael. At a point about
two miles from the ford the advance guard was fired upon by insurgent sharpshooters,
who were dislodged, and therefore silenced, by scouts and flankers. Upon arrival within
about one quarter of a mile of San Kafael the advance guard were fired upon from a
bridge to the right and rear of the town. Two battalions Second Oregon Infantry,
U. S. v., under command of Lieutenant Colonel Yoran, with instructions to clear the
bridge and enter the town from the rear, proceeded to move against the enemy. Major
Willis's battalion, deployed in line of skirmishers, advanced to the front. Major East-
wick's battalion moved by the right flank. Scott's battery (three guns) supported by
one battalion Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, U. S. V., on the left of the line, proceeded
down the road and entered the town at 4.20 o'clock p. M. After entering the town, enemy
opened a heavy tire from across the river to the left and front of our line. Our troops
were immediately thrown into position and returned the fire of the enemy. The com-
manding general arrived by this time. Scott's battery was placed in position, and, after
shelling the enemy's position for about thirty minutes, silenced their fire. The two
battalions, Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V., under command of Lieutenant Colonel
Yoran, which had marched to the right, entered the town from the rear at 5.30 p.m., hav-
ing forced the enemy back and from their position. The Third U. S. Infantry reported
for duty to the brigade commander at 5.20 o'clock p. m. Distance traveled, about five
miles. The enemy were estimated to number about one thousand ; their loss was con-
siderable—exact number not known.
Our loss was as follows: Frank Lewis, private, Company F, Thirteenth Minnesota
Infantry, U. S. V., shot and killed ; William Betzold, private, Light Battery D, Sixth
Artillery, slight gunshot wound in left arm; Edgar J. Chamberlin, corporal. Company
K, Second Oregon, slight flesh wound through right leg above knee ; William E. Smith,
private, Company K, Second Oregon, compound fracture of left arm ; John F. Reeves,
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 595
Company A, Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V., gunshot wound through right leg, enter-
ing above and coming out below knee. Private Frank Lewis was buried in the square
in front of the church, it being impossible to transport his body.
Very respectfully,
O. Summers,
Colonel Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry <,
Commanding Provisional Brigade.
Headquarters PKOvisiONAii Brigade, First Division,
Eighth Army Corps,
In the Field, Baliuag, May 3, 1899.
Assistaint Adjutant General,
Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps.
Sir : Under the instructions from the division commander the Third U. S. Infantry,
Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, U. S.V., Scott's battery. Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V.,
and wagon trains left San Rafael at 6 o'clock A. m. of May 2, 1899, preceded by Capt. J. F.
Case, acting engineei- officer, and scouts, advanced on road to Baliuag.
A short distance from San Rafael scouts and advance guard were repeatedly fired
upon by sharpshooters of the enemy. The column passing through Pantubig, Caingin,
and Casa Ha de Uto with one battalion of the Third U. S. Infantry in advance in line of
skirmishers. Arriving at opening about half a mile from Baliuag fire was opened on
our lines by the enemy, who held strong positions on the opposite side of opening, pro-
tected by a line of bamboo thickets ; were also in front and to the left, from a strongly
fortified position in the town of Santa Aeno. Scott's battery was immediately placed in
position and opened fire on the enemy ; battalion Third U. S. Infantry deployed in line
of skirmishers on the right. Commanding general arrived and assumed command.
Under his direction battery ceased fire, it being reported from the line that a flag of
truce was seen advancing toward our lines. By direction of the division commander,
Capt. J. F. Case, acting engineer officer of the division. Sergeant Marshall, Second Oregon
Infantry, U. S. V., and the commanding general's orderly, with a flag of truce, advanced
toward the enemy's lines. Upon arriving at a point about four hundred yards from the
enemy's line were fired upon by the enemy. They dismounted and retired as soon as
possible. The Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, U. S. V., were brought up on the right
and deployed in line of skirmishers, facing across the front of the main line. In this
position the lines were advanced and closed in on the town of Baliuag, and entered the
town at 3.10 o'clock p. m., scouts having entered in advance of the main column and
found the place deserted by the enemy. Distance traveled, about seven miles. Enemy's
loss severe, but unable to estimate the numbers, it being reported from the line that
large numbers of wounded could be seen carried upon stretchers.
Our casualties were as follows : Jacob Fisher, corporal, Company E, Third U. S. Infan-
try, flesh wound, dorsal side penis ; Frederick Miller, private. Company L, Third U. S.
Infantry, penetrating wound left thigh and fracture of bone.
The command after arriving in Baliuag were assigned quarters and went into camp.
Outposts and street patrols were established and sentries posted over all Government
property.
Very respectfully,
O. Summers,
Colonel Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V.,
Commanding Provisional Brigade.
Report of Lieut. Col. Geo. O. Yoran, Commanding Second Oregon U. S.
Volunteer Infantry, of Capture of San Antonio, May 19, 1899.
Headquarters Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V.,
Cabiao, Luzon, May m, 1899.
Acting Assistant Adjutant General,
Provisional Brigade, First Division, Fighth Army Corps.
Sir : I have the honor to report that the Second Oregon Infantry, U. S, V., pursuant
Hosted by
Google
596 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
to General Orders No. 9, field series^ and instructions from brigade commandef, left San
Isidro at 5 a. m., May 19th, and proceeded down the Rio Grande de Pampanga in south-
west direction to a ford opposite the town of San Antonio. The blanket rolls were left
with the mule teams.
At 6.45 the advance guard crossed the river, and at 7.45 the regiment had finished
crossing. Major Willis's battalion was thrown forward in skirmish order five or six
hundred yards from the river, and halted to await the arrival of the scouts, who had
gone down on the west side of the river. At 8.05 firing was heard ahead ; our scouts
were engaging the enemy. Major Willis's battalion was ordered forward and instructed
to engage the enemy as soon as the scouts were located. At 8.30 Lieutenant Thornton
having sent a messenger to explain the position of the scouts and of the enemy, the First
Battalion w^s again ordered forward, and soon engaged the enemy, driving them from
the town, which we entered at 9 o'clock.
We then proceeded down the river in skirmish order, keeping our left upon the river
bank in touch with the Thirteenth Miiinesota, TJ. S. V., on the opposite bank. About
one mile below San Antonio passed through small native village. Halted at 11.15 for
lunch. Continued advance at 11.50, Second Battalion, Major Eastwick, in advance.
About 1 o'clock we ame in sight of Cabiao, on the opposite side of the river. The road
upon which we had been traveling turns, leaving the river, and the dense jungle com-
pelled us to take gravel beds along the river. Captain Case, who was our guide, crossed
thfe river and soon sent back word for the regiment to follow. Fording the river at 3.30
p. M. we continued the march, entered Cabiao, and went into camp at 4.15 p. m.
Respecfully,
Geo. O. Yokan,
Lieutenant Colonel, Commanding Second Oregon Infantry, U. S, V^
Telegram of Maj. Gren. H. W. Iiawton, TJ. S. V., Reporting Capture of
San Antonio, Dated May 21, 1899.
[Telegram.]
May 21, 1899.
Adjutant General, Department of the Pacific.
As we were about marching from San Isidro yesterday morning a few shots from
the enemy were fired from^ the opposite side of the river. The following report which is
repeated gives the result :
In the FiEiiB, May 21, 1899.
Adjutant General, First Division.
Sir: I have the honor to report that in compliance with verbal orders from the
general commanding I left San Isidro at 5.15 a. m. yesterday with the column of two
battalions of the Second Oregon under Lieutenant Colonel Yoran and the scouts under
Lieutenant Thornton, Second Oregon. The scouts crossed the river at San Isidro and
worked southwest toward San Antonio. The column crossed the river opposite San
Isidro and proceeded up the road to the town. The enemy opened fire at 8.05 from a
position in the outside of the town, and the First Battalion under Major Willis was
deployed and advanced, actively engaging the insurgents. The scouts had reached a
point on the enemy's left and rear, arid as soon as the enemy Opened they poured in a
destructive fire which threw the insurgents back in great disorder. I find that Colonel
Tecson with six companies (about 550 men) comprised their force and, and as they left
five dead on the field, I estimate their total loss at twenty-five. We had no casualties.
Leaving San Isidro the column moved down the river without further event to a point
opposite Cabiao where we recrossed and rejoined the command at 3.45 p. m.
Respectfully,
J. F. Case,
Captain, Acting Engineer Officer.
This detachment was from Colonel Summers's command. Attention is invited to the
number of important engagements that Colonel Summers has had with the enemy as
indicated by the dead and wounded found on the field and small loss on our side. Cap"
tain Case, who practically directed the affair here reported, is entitled to great credit and
consideration. Lawton,
Major General.
Hosted by
Google
REPORT
OF
MAJ. GEN. H. W. LAWTON, U. S. V,
OP EXPEDITION TO THE PROVINCE OF 3I0I10NG, JUNE 2 TO 3, 1899.
Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps,
Manila, P. J., October 8, 1899.
Adjutant General United States Army,
Washington, Z>. C.
Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of an expedition for the pur-
pose of driving: the insurgents from Cainta, Taytay, and Antipolo into the Morong Pen-
insula and then either capturing or destroying them.
For the purpose of the expedition the following troops were ordered to concentrate at
the pumpiug station: Troop I, Fourth U. S. Cavalry (mounted), Lieut. Cecil Stewart,
commanding ; the dismounted squadron, Fourth U. S. Cavalry, Capt. G. H. G. Gale,
commanding ; two battalions Fourth U. S. Infantry, Lieut. Col. J. M. Sanno, command-
ing ; one battalion Ninth U. S. Infantry, Capt. T. S. McCaleb, commanding ; six compa-
nies First Colorado Volunteer Infantry, Col. H. B. McCoy, commanding ; eleven compa-
nies Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, Col. O. Summers, commanding ; the Wyoming
Volunteer Infantry Battalion, Maj. F. M. Foote, commanding; and a provisional bat-
tery consisting of one platoon of Light Battery E, First U. S. Artillery, caliber 1.65
inches, Lieut. Alston Hamilton, and one platoon of Hawthorne's mountain battery,
caliber 3 inches, all under the command of First. Lieut. H. L. Hawthorne, Sixth U. S.
Artillery. The total force numbered one hundred and two commissioned officers and
two thousand four hundred and forty-seven men.
The command of this part of the expedition was given to Brig. Gen. Robert H. Hall,
U. S. V.
To act in conjunction with the above command, the following troops were ordered to
proceed to Pasig and report to Col. John W. WhoUey, First Washington Volunteer
Infantry : First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry, Lieut. Col. W. C. Treumann, com-
manding; eight companies First Washington Volunteer Infantry, Lieut. Col. W. J.
Fife, commanding ; one battalion Twelfth U. S. Infantry, Maj. H. L. Haskell, command-
ing; one platoon Dyer's (D) battery, Sixth U. S. Artillery, Lieut. E. D. Scott, com-
manding.
The plan of the expedition was as follows: Halls's column was to start from the
pumping station, moving across the Mariquina Valley, clearing the country of insur-
gents, and marching with the view of placing the head of the column east of Antipolo
and toward Teresa. Here line was to be formed, facing west or south of west. An
advance in line was then to be made for the purpose of capturing Morong and Taytay,
and driving the insurgents into the Morong Peninsula.
In the mean time the force under Colonel Wholley was to make a demonstration
against Cainta, and later, if the insurgents were driven into the peninsula, the First
Washington Regiment was to proceed in cascoes from Pasig to Morong to complete the
victory.
Hosted by
Google
598 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
The gunboats in the lake were to silence the enemy's battery at Angono.
The movement commenced at 5 o'clock A. m., June 3, 1899. As it was known that the
conntry to be traversed was rough and hilly and unfit for wagons, the troops were
ordered to carry two days' rations in their haversacks.
Troop I, Fourth Cavalry, supported by the dismounted squadron, same regiment,
was sent down the San Mateo River to capture the enemy's outpost. The Colorado reg-
iment was sent up the river to advance on Mariquina. Neither force encountered any
enemy, and joined the main column which was marching across the valley under the
guidance of two natives. These guides professed a complete knowledge of all trails
across the mountains, but their information was of little value, as the recent rains had
changed the face of the country so that ravines and trails that were reported practicable
were found to be impassable for footmen or the small-wheeled vehicles. Much time was
lost building bridges. The ambulances that it was intended should a;ccompany this
column were sent back. The column advanced with much difficulty, and finally, at
11.20 A. M., encountered a small force of the enemy. The cavalry soon cleared the coun-
try, but as the enemy was seen to be concentrating in considerable force, the Second
Oregon Regiment and the Fourth United States Infantry were deployed with battery in
the rear. No serious resistance was encountered daring the remainder of the day's
march until 4 o'clock p. m., when the enemy made a decided stand, being so placed as to
bring to bear a fire from three directions. The Second Oregon and Fourth Infantry and
the cavalry were deployed and after a brisk engagement of an hour and a half the enemy
was driven off. While this engagement was in progress the Ninth Infantry, acting as a
rear guard, was also engaged.
Casualties : Killed — two enlisted men Fourth Cavalry, one enlisted man Second Ore-
gon Volunteer Infantry; wounded — four enlisted men Fourth Cavalry, six enlisted
men Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry.
The column ]t)ivouacked on the scene of this last engagement.
Meanwhile, at 1.30 p. m., the command under Colonel Wholley moved out from Pasig,
the First North Dakota Infantry moving on the right of Cainta, the Washington
Infantry moving on the left, and the battalion of the Twelfth Infantry having the
center. One gun went with the North Dakotas and one with the Washingtons. Cainta
was captured without serious resistance. The gunboats, under command of Captain
Grant, participated in the movement by shelling the insurgent lines at Taytay and
Cainta, and later at Angono.
The North Dakotas, Scott's guns, and the battalion of the Twelfth Infantry were left
to cover this line, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Treumann. For a time a
sharp fire was encountered, darkness putting an end to the conflict.
The Washington regiment was in the mean time withdrawn to Pasig, where they
were placed on cascoes.
The next morning Hall's column entered the town of Antipolo with little resistance.
The town was found to be practically deserted. About one thousand Mauser and two
thousand and five hundred Remington cartridges were found ; also a small number of
3.2-inch shells, and some improvised canister of same caliber.
About 10 o'clock A. M. General Hall's column set out for Taytay, and about two miles
from Antipolo the other column under Lieutenant Colonel Treumann was met. This
latter column had entered Taytay about 7.30 a. m. without resistance. The insurgents,
upon leaving Taytay, had fired the church at this place.
The troops in both columns were sufftering greatly from the heat, and many had
fallen out exhausted.
A halt was ordered and rations were issued.
About 3 o'clock p. m. the march was resumed. General Hall's column was ordered
back to Antipolo, and thence to Morong. Colonel Treumann's column was ordered to
Morong via the west side of the peninsula.
Meanwhile the Washington regiment had gone to Morong in cascoes, where they had
landed under the protecting fire of the gunboats, and after a short but sharp fight had
taken the town. The enemy's loss was nine killed and five wounded. Ours, none.
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 599
Hall's column reached Morong at 11 o'clock a. m. on the fifth of June, after an exceed-
ingly hot and exhausting march, many of the men being overcome by the excessive
heat. The same afternoon the Washington regiment was embarked on cascoes and
returned to its original stations.
The Second Oregon returned to Manila on cascoes on June 6th.
At 1 o'clock p. M. on June 6th General Hall's column took up the return march via
Binangonan, the dismounted squadron of the Fourth Cavalry being left at Morong as a
garrison.
This latter organization was later reenforced bj'- the First North Dakota Regiment.
The remainder of Colonel Treumann's column, consisting of the battalion of the
Twelfth Infantry and the platoon of artillery, joined General Hall's column at Binan-
gonan. At Angono it was found that the Krupp gun which had fired on and hit the
gunboat Napindan had been removed, probably to Santa Maria de Bulacan. The whole
command then proceeded to the pumping station, and thence to their original positions
on the line.
The difficulties experienced in this expedition in the way of bad roads and excessive
heat were very great, and all the troops engaged deserve special credit for the splendid
way in which these difficulties were overcome.
The sharp and decisive manner in which the Washington Regiment, under Colonel
Wholley, captured Morong without the loss of a man is worthy of especial mention, as
is also the efficient manner in which the battalion of the Twelfth Infantry, Major
Haskell commanding, consisting of four companies, relieved at Cainta the eight
companies of the Washington Regiment. The manner in which the artillery under
Lieutenants Hawthorne, Hamilton, and Scott was handled, with green and insufficient
transportation, reflects great credit on these young officers.
Maj. C. R. Edwards, assistant adjutant general, U. S. V., adjutant general of the
division at Pasig, kept the division commander informed of the situation and superin-
tended the movement of the gunboats, and Colonel Wholly's command contributed in
no small degree to the success of this portion of the expedition.
An appendix embodying copies of brief reports rendered to the department com-
mander; reports of subordinate commanders which were at the time forwarded; of
correspondence, orders, in fact every available record pertaining to the expedition, is
hereto attached and should be read in connection with the text of this report.
Attention is invited to final reports of subordinate commanders, which are, as a
rule, so complete and lucid as to merit especial commendation.
Very respectfully,
H. W. LAWTON,
Major General, U. S. y., Commanding.
Hosted by
Google
KEPORT
BRIG. GEN. ROBERT H. HALL, U. S. V.,
Commanding Third Brigade, Second Division,
Eighth Army Corps.
OF OPEEATIONS OF HIS BRIGADE ON MORONG EXPEDITION, JUNE 2 TO 8, 1899.
Headquarters Third Brigade, Second Division,
Eighth Army Corps,
Deposito, Manila, P. I., June 9, 1899.
Adjutant General, First Division, Eighth Army Corps.
Sir: Pursuant to instructions from the commanding general, First Division, I have
the honor to report on the operations of my command in its movement to the east and
south, from the 2d to the 8th instant.
The purpose of the movement was the capture of Antlpolo and Taytay and the driv-
ing of the insurgents at those places into the Morong Peninsula, where they were to be
assailed by a force which would be landed below them and advanced on their rear from
the south. It was believed that Antipolo, although regarded by the insurgents with
particular sanctity, was not prepared to resist attack from either the east or north, and
the march of the troops under my command was to be so conducted as to approach the
town on those sides.
After dark on the 2d instant I concentrated in bivouac, near the pumping station, the
following-named organizations which had been directed to report to me for active field
duty: Fourth Infantry (eight companies); Ninth Infantry (four companies); First Colo-
rado Volunteer Infantry (six companies); Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry (eleven
companies); First Wyoming Volunteer Infantry (four companies); Troop I, Fourth
Cavalry, mounted (one company); Troops C, G, and L, Fourth Cavalry, dismounted
(three companies); detachment Light Battery E, First Artillery (two Hotchkiss moun-
tain guns); detachment Hawthorne's moutain battery (two guns). Total force number-
ing one hundred and two commissioned officers, and two thousand four hundred and
seventy-four enlisted men.
The advance across the San Mateo River was begun at 5 A. m. on the 3d instant. The
mounted troop, supported by the dismounted squadron was sent down the river with
the view of capturing the enemy's outposts, which had been reported as being of late
numerous and enterprivSing. At the same time the battalion of Colorado Infantry was
sent up the river to advance on Mariquina from the east and north, in the hope that the
enemy in the town might be thus captured or destroyed. Neither of these detachments
found any force with which to deal.
In the mean time the remainder of the column was marching across the San Mateo
Valley conducted, after the mounted troop rejoined, by two native guides who professed
an accurate knowledge of the country. Ravines which were dry only a few days before,
were found, two of them, to be impassible by footmen or wheeled vehicles. Much time
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 601
was lost in crossing these ravines, and the commanding general ordered from the pump-
ing station that the ambulances be sent there. The four gun carriages, several flimsy
carts, which had been furnished for the transportation of artillery ammunition, and
which proved to be utterly worthless for such purposes, besides an escort wagon for the
ammunition and supplies of Light Battery E, First Artillery, now comprised the
wheeled vehicles with the column.
While endeavoring to effect the crossing of the second ravine the head of the column
was fired upon at 11.20 a. m., from the left and front, by a small party of insurgents. The
cavalry was sent against them and speedily brushed them away. In the mean time the
enemy, in considerable force, was concentrating on the hills through which led the trail
we were following, and as their firing increased the Second Oregon Infantry was deployed
against their position, with the Fourth Infantry on its right. The guns went into action
in rear of the Oregon regiment. The enemy did not make a stand worthy of the name
either here or elsewhere during the day, until late in the evening, although the advance
guard and flankers were continually under fire. The mountain trail, now leading in a
southerly direction, was in many places in such condition as to require much and severe
labor to render it passable, and this again delayed the march. At length, at 4 p. m., as the
head of the column debouched from a ditficult and sunken road east of the hills over-
looking Taytay, it was fired upon by bodies of insurgents who were so placed on the hills
as to concentrate their fire from three directions upon the troops as they appeared at the
mouth of the ravine. The Second Oregon Infantry, the Fourth Infantry, and the dis-
mounted cavalry squadron were at once thrown against the insurgent position, and the
enemy, after a sharp action for an hour and a half, retired and was no more seen or
heard from on this day. While this action was in progress in front, the battalion of the
Ninth Infantry acting as rear guard was engaged with a body of the enemy in rear, and
was also successful.
The command bivouacked for the night on the site of this engagement. The hope I
had formed of reaching Antipolo by 1 o'clock of this day was not realized, solely because
of the unanticipated condition of the trails by which the command was obliged to move
and the delay thus experienced.
At 5 A. M. on the 4th instant the march was resumed. The Second Oregon regiment,
with the battalion of the Ninth Infantry on its left, was deployed on the hills extend-
ing east from the rear of Taytay, to prevent advance of the enemy from the latter place,
while the remainder of the column continued on the trail. The killed and wounded
and the considerable number of men otherwise disabled were transported by litters
by Chinese coolies and insurgent prisoners, following the Oregon regiment over the
hills, with a view of thus reaching the main road between Antipolo and Taytay, upon
which the ambulances were to reach us. The escort wagon with the battery ammuni-
tion also followed the Oregon regiment.
Small parties of insurgents were encountered, and fired on the column at long ranges
from the south of the trail, but were easily driven away without impeding the march.
No serious resistance was encountered, although a force to the number of some five hun-
dred was observed oh hills to the northeast. At 9.10 A. m. the church of Antipolo was
sighted a mile away. The Colorado and Wyoming battalions were sent to the north
and east of the town, and the dismounted squadron and the Fourth Infantry battalion
to the west, and all advanced in extended order simultaneously. No enemy was met,
and indeed the town was found to be unoccupied by combatants and almost by civil-
ians. In the church was found about one thousand Mauser cartridges about two thou-
sand five hundred Remington cartridges, a small number of 3.2-inch shells, and impro-
vised canister of the same caliber. All these were thrown into a well, and this was, I
believe, all the destruction wrought by the comimand in Antipolo.
After occupying the town for about an hour the march to Taytay was taken up in
accordance with the plan prepared before the movement began. The division com-
mander was met about two miles from Antipolo, and he ordered that the column be
marched to Morong and thence by the road on the east side of the peninsula to Taytay
and Cainta and so to its starting point. As many of the men had been without food
Hosted by
Google
602 OKEGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAK.
since 4 A. m. of the previous day, I was authorized to halt the column in the road and
await the arrival of the wagons then en route to us.- The dead and wounded and the
physically exhausted were sent to Pasig by the ambulances which accompanied the
wagon train. The escort wagon it had been deemed necessary to destroy because of the
impracticability of the trail it was compelled to follow. The artillery ammunition was
distributed among the carts.
At 3 P. M. the return march to Antipolo was taken up. On reaching the place it was
found that several hundred natives had already returned since we had left it in the
morning, and between this and Teresa many more were met going in. By many of
them I was told that the insurgent garrison, numbering some five hundred, with Pio
del Pilar in command, had abandoned Antipolo between 3 and 4 o'clock on the morn-
ing of that day, and gone toward Bosoboso. I had no means of verifying this statement.
Teresa was reached and bivouac made at 7 a. m., but the difficulties of the road were
such that the wagons did not arrive until the following morning, the 5th instant. Many
of the people remaining in Teresa informed me that the garrison of about two hundred
men precipitately vacated when our advance guard appeared, and stated that they were
to go to Santa Maria de Bulacan. After the men had breakfasted, the road to Morong
was taken and that place reached at 11.30 a. m. The First Washington Volunteer Infan-
try was found in possession of the town, but were relieved and embarked on cascoes
later in the day to return to Pasig, the station from which they came.
On reaching the town, and for an hour or more thereafter, the outposts of this regi-
ment were engaged with those of the insurgents at long-range firing. Lieutenant
Franklin of the gunboat Napindan, which was lying off the place, signaled me of the
presence of a small body of the enemy within easy range of him, but hidden by hills
from view from the town, and at my request he drove they away.
I was here again visited by the division commander, who informed me that rations
for the command would arrive by water on the following morning, when I was to
replenish the supplies and resume the march.
At 1 p. M. on the 6th instant, after the issue of three days' rations to e^ch organiza-
tion, except the dismounted squadron, which by order of the division commander was
left at Morong, and the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, which, by the same author-
ity, was embarked on cascoes to return to Manila, the route for Binangonan, by the way
of Cardova, was taken. The divisions commander was again at Morong during the
unloading of the rations.
The remainder of the march was uneventful. At Cardova the First North Dakota
Volunteer Infantry was found, and in compliance with the division commander's
instructions the colonel was directed to move it to Morong and there take station.
At the entrance of the town of Augono two battery emplacements were found judi-
ciously placed to flank the Krupp gun which the enemy formerly had in position there.
Both of these were burned. I was given much gossip but no definite information as to
the disposition which had been made of this gun. There were no traces of its having
been buiied nor any trail to indicate that it had been dragged away, although the pre-
vailing talk indicated that it had been so removed to Santa Maria de Bulacan. Bivouac
was made at Binangonan, where the command was joined by a battalion of the Twelfth
Infantry and a platoon of Light Battery D, Sixth Artillery. At 5 A. m. of the 7th instant
the column was put in motion, and, marching by the way of Tay tay and Cainta, reached
the San Mateo River, where it was divided, the battalion of the Twelfth Infantry and
the platoon of the Sixth Artillery marching to Pasig, the mounted troop of the Fourth
Cavalry and the battalion of the Colorado regiment continuing the march to their
respective stations, and the remaining organizations bivouacing for the night at Santa-
Ion. Before noon of the following day, the 8th instant, all the organizations had been
returned to the positions from which they had been drawn.
Our losses in action during the expedition numbered : Killed — Fourth Cavalry, two
sergeants; Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, one private. Wounded — Fourth Cav-
alry, four privates; First Colorado Volunteer Infantry, one private; Secpnd Oregon
Volunteer Infantry, five privates. Total, three killed and ten wounded. Eighty-four
Hosted by
Google
OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR. 603
men were reported disabled from other causes, principally exhaustion. A nominal list
of the casualties is attached. The heat was oppressive while we were absent, the roads
were exceptionally difficult, and the men had but little to eat. These are the probable
reasons why so many men are reported to have been physically exhausted during the
march. The losses sustained by the insurgents can only be approximated. Ten of their
dead were found in our front in various places, and of the forty prisoners taken one had
been wounded.
In action the troops in general behaved admirably. The gallantry and dash with
which the Fourth Infantry battalion and the Second Oregon regiment assaulted and
drove the enemy from the hills on the afternoon of the 3d instant were especially com-
mendable.
Instances ot zeal and energy coming under my own observation are remarked in tlie
cases of First Lieut. G. B. Duncan, Fourth Infantry, acting assistant adjutant general ;
First Lieut. H. W. French, Seventeenth Infantry, and Second Lieut. Halstead Dorey,
Fourth Infantry, aide-de-camp; Col. Owen Summers, Second Oregon Volunteer Infan-
try, and Capt. G. H. G. Gale and First Lieut. Cecil Stewart, Fourth Cavalry.
A copy of the report of each of the subordinate commanders is herewith transmitted.
Very respectfully,
ROEBRT H. HALL,
Brigadier General, U, S. V., Commanding,
Report of Brevet Brig. Gen. O. Summers, Commanding Second Oregon
TJ. S. Volunteer Infantry, of Operations of His Regiment on
Morong Expedition, June 2 to 7, 1899.
Headquarters Second Oregon Infantry, U. S. V.,
Cuartel de JEspana, Manila, P. Z, June 11, 1899.
Assistant Adjutant General,
First Brigade, First Division, Eighth Army Corps.
Sir: I have the honor to make the following report of the operations of my com-
mand during the campaign from pumping station to Morong :
In compliance with instructions from the commanding officer of the First Division,
and further instructions from the brigade commander, eleven companies of the Second
Oregon Infantry, U. S. V. (32 officers, 577 enlisted men), left these barracks at 3.30 p. m.
on June 2, 1899, with wagon train carrying three days' rations, and proceeded to the
Deposito, and on arrival reported to the brigade commander at 5.30 o'clock p. m. After
a short rest command marched to a point about one mile this side of pumping station,
and in compliance with instructions bivouacked for the night at 7.25 o'clock P. m. Dis-
tance traveled, about nine miles.
The following morning, June 3d, left camp at 4 a. m. and advanced on road to pump-
ing station, crossing river at that point, and took position in column in rear of troop of
mounted cavalry, and advanced beyond Mariquina, then turned back part way, and
after erection of a temporary bridge, crossed same. At this point a detachment of the
cavalry was sent to the front and left to reconnoiter and develop the fire of a small force
of the enemy. The Third Battalion, Captain Heath commanding, was deployed in line
of skirmishers, with left resting on road, and advanced to the front and engaged the
enemy, who occupied a strong position in the hills in our front. The Second Battalion,
Major Eastwick commanding, advanced on the left of Third Battalion and was deployed
to their left, the First Battalion following as support, and with the assistance of the
battery drove the enemy from their position over the mountains. Private Ezra Kirk,
Company H, slight wound in left wrist.
After a short rest the column then advanced toward Antipolo, the Fourth Cavalry in
advance. After marching about two and one half miles the advance guard of the cav-
Hosted by
Google
604 OREGON VOLUNTEERS IN SPANISH WAR.
airy was fired upon by the enemy, who held strong poKsition on mountain on left ; also
from position in our front and from our right. First Battalion, Major Willis command-
ing, advanced in column of files and formed line of skirmishers and advanced to the
right. The Second Battalion, Major Eastwick commanding, deployed and formed line
of skirmishers to the left. The Third Battalion, Captain Heath commanding, advanced
and formed line of skirmishes to the^front.
After engagement lasting three-quarters of an hour, the enemy were driven from
their position, the First Battalion advancing over the mountain on the right to a point
about one and one half miles east of Taytay. The Third Battalion advanced over the
mountain on the left, driving the enemy from their position, and held position gained
until dark, then retired to village at foot of hill and camped for the night. Distance
traveled, about fifteen miles. William WcElwain, private, Company H, killed ; Austin
J. Saulsbury, private, Company H, wounded in head, slight; Clayton Ranson, private.
Company L, wounded in the head, slight; Henry M. Wagner, private, Company B,
wounded in back, serious ; Elmer L. Doolittle, private, Company C, wounded in right
arm, severe.
The enemy's force was estimated to be about three hundred. Was unable to estimate
their loss, which was severe. Eight prisoners were captured, together with six rifles.
The following morning, June 4th, left camp at 5 a. m., the lines formed with the
Second Oregon on the right, and took position on top of mountain east of Taytay and
exchanged a few shots with the enemy fleeing over the mountains toward Antipolo.
At 3.30 p. M. the column was again iformed and crossed over mountains on the Calle
Real, passing through Antipolo and marched down to Teresa, arriving at 8.30 p. m., and
camped for the night. Distance traveled, about fourteen miles.
The following morning, June 5th, column left Teresa at 8.45 and marched to Morong,
arriving at that point at 12 o'clock noon, and embarked on cascoes for Manila, the First
Battalion arriving at barracks at 6.30 p. m., the Third Battalion and two companies of
the Second arriving at 10.20, Companies C and G, Second Battalion, arrived the follow-
ing morning, June 7th, at 11 a, m. Distance traveled, about thirty miles.
Very respectfully,
O. Summers,
Brevet Brigadier General,
Commanding Second Oregon Infantry J U. 8. V.
Hosted by
Google
APPENDIX.
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
ORDERS
MOBILIZATION AND ORGANIZATION OF
OREGON VOLUNTEERS.
Headquarters Oregon National Guard,
Adjutant General's Office,
Salem, Oregon, April 25, 1898.
General Orders No. 9.
I. The commanding officer of each infantry company is directed to immediately
recruit his command to the maximum strengtli authorized by paragraph 17 of the regu-
lations.
II. Commanding officers of Companies A, B, C, D, E, F, H, I, and detachment of the
Hospital Corps, Second Regiment; commanding officers, Companies C, D, and G, and
detachment of the Hospital Corps, Third Battalion ; separate Companies B and F, will,
within twenty-four (24) hours after the receipt of this order, proceed from their respective
stations to Portland with their commands, armed and equipped for active service in
the field.
Commanding officers. Companies A, C, E, G, H, I, K, detachment of the Hospital
Corps, First Regiment, Battery A, the Engineer and Signal Corps, will assemble in their
respective quarters, armed and equipped for active service in the field forty-eight (48)
hours after the receipt of this order.
III. Each of the organizations above designated stationed outside of Portland, will
be furnished transportation to Portland on application to the agent of the railroad com-
pany at their respective stations, and will provide sufficient cooked rations for their
commands till arrival in Portland.
Until further orders, the detachment of the Hospital Corps, Second Regiment, will
be attached to Company F, Second Regiment. The commanding officer. Third Bat-
talion, will communicate with the commanding officer, detachment of the Hospital
Corps, Third Battalion, and arrange their transportation and departure so as to embark
on the same train as Company G, Third Battalion, to which they will be attached till
further orders.
IV. Upon arrival at Portland, the commanding officers of companies will proceed
with their commands to the Multnomah County Armory, where they will be furnished
quarters till further orders, and will immediately thereafter report in person to the
brigade commander in the armory. Commanding officers, First Regiment, Battery A,
the Engineer and Signal Corps, will report in person to the brigade commander as soon
as their commands have assembled.
V. The following articles of uniform and equipment will be furnished each enlisted
man, by their commanding officers, when the supply is sufficient ; deficiencies will be
supplied at Portland ;
Hosted by
Google
608 APPENDIX.
TO BE WOBN ON THE PERSON.
One campaign hat (forage cap for deficiencies when not sufficient campaign hats on
hand).
One blouse.
One pair trousers.
One pair leggings.
TO BE CARRIED BY THE MEN.
One rifle, with bayonet.
One woven belt, with bayonet scabbard.
One Merriam pack (when supplied).
One haversack.
One canteen.
One tin cup (quart), to be attached to canteen or haversack,
TO BE CARRIED IN THE HAVERSACK.
One meat ration can (when supplied).
One knife, table.
One fork, table.
One spoon, table.
One tin plate (if no meat ration can).
One trumpet and cord, by each musician.
The following articles, rolled together in a bundle, blanket on the outside, and
securely bound with rope or straps, with the name, company^ and regiment of the owner
marked on a tag of wood or pasteboard, and securely attached to it will be allowed as
baggage, viz :
One blanket (to be issued).
One overcoat (to be issued).
EACH OFFICER AND ENLISTED MAN TO SUPPLY HIMSELF WITH ^
One'change of underclothing.
Two pair of woolen socks.
Two handkerchiefs.
One comb.
One towel.
One small piece of soap.
Enlisted men provided with a Merriam pack will carry the articles of personal apparel
in the pack.
In addition to the above articles of personal apparel, each officer and enlisted man
should provide himself with one heavy overshirt (woolen and of blue color preferred),
also a pair of broad, thicksoled shoes.
No other articles than those named will be allowed enlisted men.
Commanding officers will be held to a strict accountability that the above is rigidly
complied with.
VI. Company commanders will take with them to Portland their descriptive books,
retained copies of muster rolls, and State and United States property returns for the last
quarter.
Commanding officers of the detachments of the Hospital Corps, Second Regiment and
Third Battalion will prepare^ in duplicate, muster rolls of the corps made up to and
including the date of departure of the detachment from their station, showing the name
of each member of the corps on that date ; opposite the name of each, the notation
whether present or absent, (present those actually present for service), and all changes
since last muster, one copy to be placed in the hands of the commanding officer of the
company to which attached, the other retained.
VII. Commanding officers of companies will box all serviceable campaign hats,
blouses, trousers, leggings, overcoats, blankets, rifles, bayonets, bayonet scabbards,
Hosted by
Google
APPENDIX. 609
woven belts, canteens, haversacks, screwdrivers, shell extractors, spring vices, and tum-
bler punches, not actually issued to the men. in suitable cases for shipment and ship as
baggage on the same train with troops.
Articles of clothing, equipment, and rifles to be packed in separate cases, each case
bearing on the outside the name of the officer, his company and regiment, and the num-
ber of each article contained therein.
Mess pans, camp kettles, frying pans, skimmers, bread knives, butcher knives,
butcher steels, salt dredgers, pepper dredgers, soup ladles, blasting spoons, flesh forks,
and such extra supply of meat ration cans, tin cups, knives (table), forks (table), spoons
(table), and tin plates as are not issued to the men will be carefully packed in the mess
chest and shipped with the troops, care being exercised that the chest is locked and the
keys secure.
The quartermasters, Second Regiment and Third Battalion, will carefully pack,
invoice, and ship to the Quartermaster General, Portland, with the troops, all articles
available for issue in their possession mentioned above as required of company com-
manders (not provided for in paragraph IX of this order) taking receipts and giving
invoices in duplicate therefor.
All oflHicers ordered into Portland pursuant to this order, responsible for property, will
bring with them their retained copies of returns of State and United States property for
the last quarter.
VIII. Commanding ofllcers of companies, battery, and corps, will arrange for the
proper care and safe keeping of the armories, records, and property for which they are
accountable, left at the station of their respective organizations, before their departure
therefrom, by designating some reliable person to have charge of the same during their
tour of active duty, or until otherwise directed from this office (preferably a member of
the Oregon National Guard, incapacitated for active service, or a bondsman), reporting
the name of such person to these headquarters, in writing, without delay. Bonded offi-
cers will be held to a strict accountabihty for compliance with these instructions.
IX. The commanding officer of the detachment of the Hospital Corps, Second Regi-
ment, will transfer to the commanding officer Company F, Second Regiment ; the com-
manding officer, detachment of the Hospital Corps, Third Battalion, to the command-
ing officer Company G, Third Battalion, all State and United States property in the
possession of the enlisted men designated in paragraph III and such additional property
enumerated in paragraph VII of this order as may be in their possession, invoices and
receipts being exchanged in duplicate for transfers made, separate invoices and receipts
being exchanged for State and United States property.
X. Nothing in this order shall be construed to apply to any enlisted man who has
not signified his willingness to enlist in the volunteer service of the United States, or
who has not passed a physical examination by a medical officer of the Oregon National
Guard.
XI. Until further orders the examination herein designated will be commanded
and accompanied to Portland by the senior officer in command only.
By order of the Commander-in-Chief: B. B. Tuttlb,
Official: Adjutant General.
J. C. RuTENic, Assistant Adjutant General.
Portland, Oregon, April so, 1898.
To the Adjutant General, O. JY. G., PoriMnd, Oregon.
Sir : I have the honor to report that in compliance with General Orders No. 9, c. s..
Adjutant General's office, dated April 25th, the following infantry troops of this brigade,
namely, separate companies B and F, Companies A, B, C, D, E, F, I, and the detachment
of Hospital Corps, Second Regiment, Companies C, D, G, and detachment of Hospital
Corps, Third Battalion, arrived at Portland to-day and were encamped on the grounds
of the Irvington Racetrack Association, at Irvington Park, East Side, this city. I have
caused an encampment ground to be laid out at this location, including facilities for
the care of 800 officers and enlisted m^n. It is evident from information received from
39
Hosted by
Google
61^0 APPENDIX.
Captain Kendall, who is understood from press reports to have been detailed as the
mustering officer for the purpose of mustering Oregon National Guard troops into the
service of the United States, that he has not as yet been officially advised of this detail
and has received no instructions or supplies in connection with the performance of this
duty.
I deemed it wiser with a view of saving expense to defer assembling the First Regi-
ment companies in their armory until Monday, May 1st. For all information as to
details in connection with the establishment of the camp above designated and delay
in assembling the B'irst Regiment companies, I have the honor to refer you to Special
Orders Nos. 24, 25, and 26, c. s., and General Orders No. 2, these headquarters, dated April
27th to 29th, duplicate copies of which respectively have been duly forwarded to your
office. I have the honor to remain sir, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant. Cpiarles F. Bebbe,
Brigadier Qencral,
Headquakteks Brigade, O. N. G.,
Portland, Oregon, April 27, 1898,
Speciaii Orders No. 24.
I. Maj. H. E. Mitchell is hereby directed to forthwith prepare ground for an encamp-
ment of infantry troops to arrive from stations outside of Portland, on the racetrack at
Irvington Park. Preparations will be made to encamp about 800 enlisted nien, and the
officers who may be with them, as prescribed in General Orders No. 9, c.s., Adjutant
General's office, dated April 26th. These grounds will be in readiness for occupation by
troops not later than Friday afternoon, April 29th. Tentage and all necessary quarter-
master stores will be taken to the grounds, and tents erected and in readiness for occupa-
tion. The camp will be laid out, tents placed, company kitchens and sinks established
under the direction of Capt. J. F. Case, First Infantry. The brigade quartermaster is
charged with responsibility for the safe keeping of all property taken to and left on the
grounds prior to the turning over of same to the custody of camp commander.
II. Maj. D.J.Moore, the brigade commissary, will provide for the subsistence of
troops to be encamped on the racetrack at Irvington Park, and to be quartered in the
First Regiment Armory, as directed under General Orders No. 9, c. s.. Adjutant General's
office, dated April 25th. He will complete all the necessary arrangements so as to be in
readiness upon the arrival of the troops from their respective stations.
III. Capt. J. F. Case, First Infantry, will proceed to the ractrack at Irvington Park
on Thursday morning, April 28th, for the purpose of laying out encampment grounds
for occupation by troops as directed under General Orders No. 9, c. s.. Adjutant General's
office, dated April 25th, and in accordance with plans promulgated from these head-
quarters.
By command of Brigadier General Beebe : _ ,^^
^ George T. Wiiii^ETT,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Headquarters Brigade, O. N. G.,
Portland, Oregon, April 25, 1898.
Special Orders, No. 25.
Pursuant to orders from the Adjutant General's office, paragraph 11, General Orders,
No. 9, c. s.. Adjutant General's office, so far as relates to companies of the First Regi-
ment, Battery A, Engineer and Signal Corps, to be assembled in their respective quarters
forty-eight hours after the receipt of orders is annulled, and the organizations named
will assemble as follows :
Companies A, C, E, G, H, I, K, and detachment of the Hospital Corps, First Regiment,
the Engineer and Signal Corps will assemble at 8 o'clock A. m., Monday May 2, 1898.
Battery A will assemble on a date to be designated later. This action is made neces-
sary on account of delay in the muster into the service of the United States, till Monday
or Tuesday, May 2d or 3d.
By command of Brigadier General Beebe: ^ ^ „_
^ * George T. Willett,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Hosted by
Google
APPENDIX. 611
Headquarters Brigade, O. N. G.,
Portland^ Oregon, Ap^Hl 28, 1898.
Speciai. Orders, No. 26.
First Lieut. George W. Povey, commanding Engineer Corps, is hereby directed to
report in fatigue uniform with his command to Maj. H. E. Mitchell, quartermaster
brigade staff, at these headquarters, Friday, April 29th, at 8.30 o'clock a. m. sharp for
service until relieved.
By command of Brigadier General Beebe:
George T. Willett,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Headquarters Brigade, O. N. G.,
Portland, Oregon, April W, 1898.
General Orders, No. 2.
I. Theencampraentof troops of this brigade, established on the racetrack grounds
at Irvington Park for the purpose of mobilization and muster into service of the tJnited
States will be known as "Camp McKinley," in honor of the President.
II. Troops to arrive in Portland from outside stations, as directed under General
Orders, No. 9, c. s,, Adjutant General's office, dated April 25th, will, upon arrival at the
Union depot, proceed at once to Camp McKinley and take station there.
III. The Brigade Quartermaster will arrange for the transportation of all baggage
and stores of every description brought by the commanding officers of companies from
outside stations from the Union depot to camp.
IV. Lieut. Col. C. U. Gantenbein, First Infantry, is hereby detailed as commanding
officer of Camp McKinley, and will prescribe rules and regulations for its governnaent.
He will make such details as may be necessary to carry this order into effect. The com-
manding officers of companies will, immediately upon arrival at camp, report in person
to him, and receive instructions as to locating their commands.
V. Maj. James McI. Wood, brigade ordnance officer, will be present at the Union
depot on Saturday, April 30th, upon the arrival of the following trains: Via Oregon
Railway and Navigation Company, arriving at 7.20 a. m., and 10.15 A. m., via Southern
Pacific Company, west side, arriving at 8.25 A. m., via Southern Pacific Company, east
side, arriving at 9.30 A. m. and 4.30 p. m., for the purpose of conamunicating the purport
of this order to the commanding officers of companies immediately upon their arrival
by these trains.
By command of Brigajdier General Beebe :
George T. Wildett,
Assistant Adjutant General,
Portland, Oregon, May 2, 1898.
To the Admtant General, O. iV. G., Portland, Orego'n.
Sir : I have the honor to inform you that in compliance with orders from these head-
quarters Companies A, C, E, G, H, I, K, and detachment of Hospital Corps, First Regi-
ment, the Engineer Corps and Signal Corps assembled in the Multnomah County
Armory this morning for the purpose of muster into the service of the United States.
Immediately thereafter I directed Companies A and K, First Infantry, under command
of Captain Wells, to proceed to Camp McKinley and take station there.
For all detail in connection of assembling of troops above designated and full infor-
mation with reference to instructions prescribed for the government, both of this
station and Camp McKinley, I respectfully refer you to General Orders, No. 3, c. s., these
headquarters, dated May 1st, and Special Orders, No. 27, c. s., these headquarters, bearing
to-day's date, duplicate copies of which, respectively, have been duly forwarded to your
office.
The requirements under General Orders, No. 9, c. s., Adjutant General's office, dated
April 25th, concerning the assembling of troops of this brigade for the purpose of muster
into the service of the United States have been fully complied "With, I have the honor to
Hosted by
Google
612 APPENDIX.
report that these troops are in complete readiness for muster as above designated at any
time when the mustering officer may be ready to proceed with this duty. I have the
honor to remain, sir, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant, Charles F. Bbebe,
Brigadier General,
Headquabtebs Bbigade, O. N. G.,
PoRTi^AND, Obegon, May 1, 1898.
General Orders, No. 3.
I. Maj. P. G. Eastwick, Jr., First Infantry, is hereby detailed to command the troops
directed to assemble at the Multnomah County Armory on Monday, May 2, 1898, for the
purpose of muster into the United States service. Commanding officers of companies
and corps will report in person to Major Eastwick at once upon assembling their com-
mands.
II. First Lieut. L. H. Knapp, regimental quartermaster, will report for duty to
Major Eastwick, Monday, May 2d, at 8 o'clock a. m., as post quartermaster, and will
perform all duties in connection with this department with reference to the trooi>s
assembled in the armory.
Iir. Capt. Ralph Piatt is detailed as post commissary. He will report to Major
Eastwick at the same time and place for the performance of all necessary duty in this
department.
IV. Capt, C. A. Macrum, surgeon, First Infantry, will report to Major Eastwick at
the same time and place as medical officer, and will have charge of the operation of this
department at the armory until further orders.
V. Major Eastwick will make such details from troops under his command as will
assure the full accomplishment of all objects involved in the assemblage of troops at
the armory. He will mount guard daily, exercising his judgment as to what may be
involved in connection with the interests of the service in admitting visitors to different
parts of the building, and promulgating in a general way rules and regulations for the
government of troops while stationed therein.
VI. The instructions under General Orders, No. 2, c. s., these headquarters, as applied
to permission to enlisted men to be absent from their station, will be rigidly enforced at
the armory as well.
VII. The use of wines and liquors, either spirituous or malt, in the armory or in
Camp McKinley, or the having or taking or keeping of same therein is strictly pro-
hibited, and the commanding officers Of these posts, respectively, are charged with
personal responsibility for the implicit observance of this order.
VIII. Details with reference to the maintenance of company drills and drill and
instruction of recruits will be at once arranged at the armory, and this work will be
required to be performed to such extent as in the judgment of the commanding officer
the interests of the service may require.
IX. The brigade commander desires that a convincing object lesson be conveyed to
the people of the State as to the thoroughly soldierly character of our organized National
Guard by the deportment of troops while assembled preparatory to muster into service
of the United States. Absolute, unhesitating and implicit obedience to orders will be
expected and required.
X. The officers of the brigade staff will report for duty to the brigade commander
at these headquarters on Monday, May 2d, at 8 o'clock p. M.
By order of Brigadier General Beebe :
George T. Willett,
Assistant Adjutant General.
«
Headquarters Brigade, O. N. G.,
Portland, Oregon, May h, 1898.
Special Orders, No. 27.
I. Companies A and K, First Regiment Infantry, armed and equipped as prescribed
in General Orders, No. 9, c. s., Adjutant General's office, dated April 25th, under com-
Hosted by
Google
APPENDIX. ^ 613
maiid of Captain Wells, will proceed forthwitb to Camp McKinley and take station
there. Immediately upon arrival at camp, Captain Wells will report his command to
the commanding officer for assignment to quarters.
II. The companies above designated will be consolidated with separate Company B
and Company G, Third Battalion, respectively, for permanent organization in first
infantry, Oregon Volunteers.
III. The camp commander will report the fulfillment of this order to these head-
quarters.
By command of Brigadier General Beebe :
GEOKGE T. WlLIiETT,
Assistant Adjutant General.
PoRTiiAND, Oregon, May S, 1898.
Adjtitant General, O. JV. G., Camp McKinley, Portland, Oregon.
Sik: In compliance with your verbal request last evening, Monday, May 2d, I have
the honor to inform you that the infantry troops of this brigade have been mobilized at
Camp McKinley, Irvington racetrack, eajt side, this city, and are now assembled there
in readiness for muster as an infantry regiment into the volunteer army of the United
States as prescribed by requirements under the call of the President for same. I have
the honor to remain, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant, Charles P. Beebe,
Brigadier General.
Portland, Oregon, May 3, 1898.
Capt. H. F. Kendall,
United States Mustering Officer, Portland, Oregon.
Sir : I have to advise that the regiment of infantry called for from the State of Ore-
gon by the President's proclamation, dated April 23d, 1898, is duly organized and ready
for muster into the service of the United States. They are in camp at Camp McKinley,
Irvington Park, at the racetrack, east side, Portland. Under the formation of the
National Guard of Oregon, we have three majors and three battalion adjutants.
Respectfully,
B. B. Tuttle,
Adjutant General.
Headquarters Oregon National Guard,
Adjutant General's Office,
Salem, Oregon, May 5, 1898.
General Orders, No. 11.
Company and corps officers of the Oregon National Guard, in Camp McKinley, will
transfer to their company commanders of the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, as
reorganized by General Orders, No. 10, c. s., this office, all State and United States prop-
erty ordered to be taken with them under General Orders, No. 9, c. s., this office.
The commanding officers. Engineer and Signal Corps, will transfer to the Quarter-
master General all State and United States property remaining in their possession, after
making the transfers above directed, to the commanding officers of the companies with
which their corps have been consoldiated.
By order of the Commander-in-Chief: B. B. Tuttle,
Adjutant General.
Headquarters Oregon National Guard,
Adjutant General's Office,
Salem, Oregon, May 6, 1898.
Special Orders, No. 9.
Col. James Jackson, inspector general, will proceed to Camp McKinley and inspect
the Oregon National Guard inhere in camp, and will adjust the property and financial
accounts of the officers prior to muster into the service of the United States.
By order of the Commander-in-Chief:
B. B. Tuttle,
Adjutant General,
Hosted by
Google
614 APPBNBIX.
Speciai^ Orders, No. 13.
Headquarters Oregon National Guard,
Adjutant General's Office,
Salem, Oregon, May J5, 1798.
extracts.
113^. Col. James Jackson, inspector general, will proceed from Camp McKinley to
the Presidio, San Francisco, California, with the last detachment of the Second Oregon
Volunteer Infantry, on public business, on the completion of which he will return to
his proper station. The travel enjoined is necessary for the public service.
By order of the Commander-in-Chief: ^ B. B. Tuttle,
Adjutant General.
Headquarters Oregon National Guard,
Adjutant General's Office,
Salem, Oregon, J^«2/ Y/v, W.9<9.
Pursuant to the proclamation of the Goverhor and instructions from the War Depart-
ment, sufficient recruits will be enlisted at your station to fill the company of the Sec-
ond Oregon Volunteer Infantry, recruited from that place, to the maximum number of
one hundred and six enlisted men.
The recruiting will be done by an army officer designated by the War Department,
who will arrive at your station for this purpose at a date to be designated later.
You are authorized to enroll for enlistment the number of volunteers shown below to
be recruited at your station, with an additional number as substitutes in caseof rejec-
tions, that delay in securing the number required may be avoided.
In order to facilitate the examination and muster-in, on arrival of the recruiting offi-
cer, you are requested to select a suitable form for use as a room for physical examina-
tion, to be not less than l()x20 feet, well lighted and provided for heating ; and two small
rooms well Ughted for use as offices ; the examination room to be adapted for temporary
use for sleeping apartment for accepted recruits. As soon as the required number of
recruits are accepted at your station, they will be sent direct to San Francisco, and they
should be prepared to leave as soOn as accepted.
So arrange that those enrolled, including substitutes, may be assembled within 24
hours after receipt of notice to assemble.
Nothing in these instructions shall be construed as authorizing any expense to be
incurred in the name of the State or the United States.
Advise this office by letter as soon as a sufficient number of names have been enrolled.
Be very careful and enroll only such as will probably pass the physical examination,
which will be made on the lines of former examination for enlistment in the Second
Oregon Volunteer Regiment.
Number of enlisted men required at each station :
McMinnville, 14 enlisted men.
Roseburg, 14 enlisted men.
Pendleton, 13 enlisted men.
Albany, 13 enlisted men.
Salem, 25 enlisted men.
Hubbard, 13 enlisted men.
Portland, 128 enlisted men.
Ashland, 14 enlisted men.
Eugene, 25 enlisted men.
La Grande, 12 enlisted men.
Oregon City, 12 enlisted men.
The Dalles, 13 enlisted men.
Woodburn, 14 enlisted men.
The number of substitutes to be equal to the number required, as shown above.
Respectfully, B. B. Tuttlid,
Adjutant General.
Hosted by
Google
APPENDIX. 615
Report of Col. O. Summers, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry on
Transportation of His Command from San Francisco
to Manila, Dated July 8, 1898.
Headquarters Second Regiment, Oregon U. S. V.,
Cavite, T. I., July 8, 1898.
To the Assistant Adjutant General,
First Brigade, U. S. Expeditionary Forces, Cavite Arsenal, P. I.
Sir: In compliance with army regulations, I have the honor to make my report in
regard to transportation of troops of my command from San Francisco to this point.
On May 24, 1898, we embarked at San Francisco on board the Steamship Australia,
with part of my command, consisting of my headquarters and Companies A, B, C, D, E
G, H, K, and L, and proceeded out into the bay and there dropped anchor awaiting final
departure. About 8 o'clock p. m., May 25th, we steamed out of the harbor heading for
these islands and arrived at Honolulu on the 1st day of June. We left Honolulu on June
3d, and arrived at Guam, Ladrone Islands, on the 20th, about 7 A. m. After a stoppage
of about two days, we left Guam at 2 p. m., June 22d, and sailed for these islands, and
arrived in the harbor off" Cavite at 5 p. m., June 30th.
Outside of the ordinary complaints usual to a sea voyage of this kind, the health of
the command during the trip was very satisfactory, considering the general arrange-
ments made for the comfort, and the condition of the men while in transit.
A daily system of rations was arranged, after a few days out, in adapting ourselves to
the different departments, and the handling and custody of matters of this kind.
A general system of work was organized for the trip, so far as it related to the health
and comfort of the command. We established a system of two meals a day, with a
luncheon of coffee and hard bread in the morning.
A system of drill was kept up so far as practicable aboard ship. Setting up exercises,
and the drill of Manual of Arms was adhered to every day (Saturday and Sunday
excepted), and strictly complied with.
The bathing of the men was watched very closely, they being compelled to bathe by
companies twice a week, commencing by three companies each day on the first three
days of each week, to be followed up in like manner on the latter three days of the
week.
A general inspection of the quarters of the ship was followed out each day, Major
Jones, of the brigade staff, acting as inspecting officer, accompanied by the commanding
officer of this regiment.
Officers' schools were kept up each day during the trip as follows : From 10.30 to 11.30
a school was given for the benefit of commissioned officers, under the auspices of one of
the brigade officers, where a system was given out in regard to the construction of a
Quartermaster Department, Commissary Department, and the Adjutant General's
Department, according to regulations. General Anderson, himself, kindly assisted in
giving valuable information in regard to field maneuvers at these schools. In the
afternoons a school for noncommissioned officers was given under the auspices of each
battalion commander, the First Battalion having a school from 2 to 3 p. m., and the
Second Battalion from 8.30 to 4.30 p. m. In the evening a school was held from 8 to 9
o'clock for commissioned officers on general tactics and field maneuvers, under the
auspices of the commanding officer of the regiment.
Church services were held every Sunday, and, so far as practicable, a general military
discipline was conducted all through the voyage.
The distance traveled by this command was as follows : San Francisco to Honolulu,
2,102 miles; from Honolulu to Guam, 3,339 miles; from Guam to Cavite, 1,756 miles,
making a total of 7,197 miles.
I would respectfully state that the accommodations aboard ship were entirely inade-
quate, so far as sleeping accommodations and a general healthful condition were con-
cerned. We were quite fortunate in having a very pleasant and satisfactory voyage all
Hosted by
Google
616 APPENDIX.
through, the time consumed in the trip being 36 days. Also I regret that the conditions
were such that compelled my command to come into the field for service only partially
equipped, so far as actual necessities, suph as clothing, shoes and equipment, required
for field service, owing to the limited provisions made for these matters in the Quarter-
master's Department at San Francisco. We are very short on these things that would
he absolutely necessary for a successful field campaign.
Accompanying this report, you will find reports as made by Maj. P. G. East wick, Jr.,
who was placed in command of Companies F, I, and M, of my regiment, which sailed
on board the steamship City of Sydney on the same date.
Very respectfully, O. Summebs,
Colonel, Second Megiment, O. U, S. V.
Report of Maj. M. H. Ellis, Surgeon, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer
Infantry, on Medical and Sanitary Conditions Existing on
Steamship Australia, Dated December 39, 1898.
Headquarters Second Regiment, Oregon U. S. VoiiUNTEERS,
Cuartelde JSspana, Manila^ P. J., December ^9, 1898,
Lieut. Col. Henry Lippincott,
Deputy Surgeon General, U. S. A. y Chief Surgeon.
Sir : Replying to your communication, dated November 27, 1898, asking for a,dditional
information regarding the medical and sanitary conditions existing on the transport
^m^raZm, supplementary to "Sanitary Report" for the month of May, 1898, 1 have the
honor to report as follows :
1st. The eighteen latrines, on the aft deck of the steamer, were not originally on the
vessel, but were constructed especially for the troops and were used exclusively by them.
There were, besides, two closets, located one on each side of the saloon deck, for the use
of the officers. These were a part of the ship's permanent equipment, as were also two
other closets on the deck, which were used exclusively by the ship's crew.
2d. The cooking facilities were not, during any part of the trip, adequate. The only
additional cooking appliances added to equip the vessel as a transport for troops, con-
sisted of one small bath room, converted into a galley, but equipped with almost no gal-
ley furniture. I believe there was much suffering among the men as a consequence.
In order to furnish more specific information regarding this matter, I have asked the
officers, who were more particularly connected with this department, to furnish me
with statements concerning the cooking arrangements, and the steps taken to improve
or increase the facilities for preparing the ration. I have the honor to enclose communi-
cation from Lieut. Ralph Piatt, commissary of subsistence department. Second Regi-
ment, Oregon U. S. Volunteers, and Captain H. L. Wells, Second Regiment, Oregon U. S.
Volunteers, acting regimental mess officer during the voyage from San Francisco.
8d. The bathing facilities were adequate and consisted of a large canvas bathtub;
about 8 feet square and 3 feet deep, into which water from the sea was kept constantly
pumped. There were no showers in connection with it, but the supplying hose was used
to direct the water over the bodies of the bathers. This tub was kept clean by being
washed out at frequent intervals.
The companies were bathed three times a week, and the arrangement was regarded
as very satisfactory.
Personal cleanliness was further greatly promoted by the steaming of the under-
clothes of every enlisted man, twice a week. The arrangement for doing this being
extemporized, with the assistance of the ship's engineer, by connecting a large water
tank with a steam pipe from ths ship's boilers. In this way we were enabled completely
to rid the regiment of the body louse, which had made its appearance in two of the com-
panies. There has been no further trouble in this connection since, although six months
have elapsed since that time.
Hosted by
Google
APPENDIX. 617
4th. The only room available for a hospital was aft on the lower saloon deck. It had
aceommodations for 12 men, was too close and crowded, and not very satisfactory. The
cases of measles were removed to the aft hurricane deck, as soon as diagnosed, a space
being cleared for them and sentries posted, preventing all contact with others. A dou-
ble fly was stretched over them and they were made reasonably comfortable. This, I
regard as a very satisfactory method of treating these cases, although constant watch
had to be maintained, lest a storm should come up, which might have rendered their
position dangerous. However it is believed that nearly everybody on board, who was
subject to measles, had the disease, and isolation, under the circumstances, could not
possibly have been maintained so perfectly as to have prevented the spread of the dis-
ease.
The case suspected of being variola, developed at Honolulu, and was at once turned
over to the medical officers in charge of the quarantine station at that city.
I have the honor, sir, to remain.
Very respectfully, M. H. Ellis,
Major and Surgeon, Second Regiment, O. (7. S. V.
Report of First Lieut. Bialph. Piatt, Cominissary, Second Oregon XT. S.
Volunteer Infantry, on Conditions in Reference to
Subsistence on S. S. Australia, Dated
December 20, 1898.
Headquakters Provost Marshal General,
Acting Judge-Advocate's Office,
Manila, P. I., December 20, 1898.
Mai or M. H. Ellis,
Regimental Surgeon, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, Manila, P. I.
Sir: In replying to your communication of a late date requesting information as to
what effort was made towards securing more adequate cooking facilities on the trans-
port Australia, I beg to state :
That on the 23d day of May I made an examination of the steamship Australia,
especially with reference to the facilities of cooking the rations and serving the same,
and found, in my opinion, the same to be totally inadequate. I immediately reported
this fact to Lieut. Col. W. H. Baldwin, purchasing commissary at San Francisco, who
pronaptly gave a note to Major Long, chief quartermaster at the same port. After my
explanation of the inadequacy of the facilities offered aboard this transport, he gave me
an order for increasing the facilities. I promptly went to the docks, found Captain
Howard, superintendent of the Spreckles line of steamships, and reported to him that
I had an order to increase the cooking facilities and requesting his cooperation in plac-
ing the same in the vessel. Captain Howard was very much irritated over this matter,
telling me that I was Inexperienced in the handling and cooking for men aboard ship
and that he had prepared adequate facilities and would so repert to Major Long, and I
am informed that he did do so, for as nothing was done that day I again called on Major
Long who told me that Captain Howard had been to see him and that I need not worry
about the matter for that he (Captain Howard) had assured him that this matter had
received attention and I could rest assured that the facilities would be adequate. I after-
wards had a conversation with Captain Howard and explained to him that in my opin-
ion it would be absolutely impossible to feed the men or properly utilize the ration with
the Inadequate vessels that he had shown me, whose capacity was insufficient by half.
I made every effort in my power to remedy this evil but was powerless.
On arriving at Honolulu I got permission of Maj. S. R. Jones, Quartermaster U. S. A.,
to purchase some large tanks for steaming and boiling. This relieved the situation con-
siderably and after leaving Honolulu there was a marked improvement in the mess.
Hosted by
Google
618 APPENDIX.
The rations iprovMed for the men on the vessel were of excellent quality and ample
quantity, only the fact that it was impossihle to cook the f all i^tion.
I also made an objection to the manner of storing the meat in the ice room^ provided,
which had up to this been used for the purpose of storage of beer which did not require
the low temperature that is necessary for the preservation of fresh meat, and although
every precaution was taken and extra ice purchased at Honolulu for the preservation of
this meat, on or about the 22d of June the ice machine, the capacity of which was totally
inadequate, broke down and a considerable quantity of the meat spoiled within twelve
hours.
Respectfully, Ralph Pi.att,
First Lieutenant^ Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry^ Acting Judge- Advocate,
Report of Capt, H. li. Wells, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry,
on Conditions in B/oference to Subsistence on SteamsMp
Australia, Dated December 30, 1898.
CUARTEL DE ESPANA, Manila, P. J., December m, 1898.
Major M. H. Ellis,
Surgeon, Second Oregon, U. S. V.
Sir : In compliance with your verbal request that I, as mess officer of the combined
company messes of the nine companies of the regiment on the transport Jl^t^sifraKa, dur-
ing the voyage from San Francisco to Manila Bay, in May and June last, make a state-
ment in regard to the feeding of the men during the voyage, and the facilities provided
for preparing the food, I have the honor to make the following statement :
On the second day of the voyage, May 27th, I was detailed to act as mess officer by the
commanding officer. The ration returns showed 741 men. The only provision that was
made for cooking, for this large number of men, was the conversion of one of the small
bath roorhs into a cook galley, in which only one man could work at a time. This was
equipped with a coffee boiler holding about thirty gallons, or one third of the quantity
required for one meal, and two stew tanks, holding about three fourths enough rice or
beans for a meal. With this equipment, and by making coffee three times, I could give
them coffee and beans, or coffee and rice, or coffee and a stew, but could not add to the
variety. The regular cook galley of the ship was ample for cooking for the men, but the
ship's officers claimed it was not included in the charter contract that this was to be
used, also that they must have it to cook for the crew and the cabin table. We had no
copy of the contract, and Maj. S. R. Jones, the brigade quartermaster, who was on the
ship, on the staff of General Anderson, said that he was ignorant of the terms of the
contract, and that the vessel had never been turned over to him by the quartermaster
at San Francisco. However, T succeeded in securing some old boilers from the ship's
steward, and permission to use one end of the ship's range, and with an extra coffee
boiler, purchased at Honolulu, was able thereafter to cook enough food at one time to
give coffee and two other things at one meal, such as potatoes and rice, or beans, or stew,
or stewed onions and fried bacon with potatoes, or stewed cabbage instead of onions.
There was a little variety in the vegetables in the way of carrots, turnips, and squash,
but they were soon all gone. Tea was issued occasionally instead of coffee, and some-
times the onions were issued raw.
When we left Honolulu an estimate was made of the fresh meat in the refrigerator,
and the probable length of the voyage, with the result that we could issue three hun-
dred pounds of fresh meat each day and have enough for the entire voyage. This was
about one half the ration of fresh meat, but we decided that it would be better to have
one half each day than to eat it all up and go half the voyage without any at all. How-
ever, our calculations came to naught, for the refrigerator proved unequal to the task of
keeping the meat, and about one week before the end of the voyage a large quantity
Hosted by
Google
APPENDIX. 619
had to be thrown overboard. Before this was done we had begun using 600 pounds a
day, fearing it would spoil, and finally boiled the whole lot in an effort to save it, but to
no purpose.
There was no provision for fresh bread whatever, and none was issued except enough
for one day, kindlj' put on board by the citizens of Honolulu. The little baking equip-
ment of the ship could only supply the crew, and the ship's officers refused to give nie
possession of it. As the best substituve possible, I placed men in the bakery from 7 to
12 o'clock every night, who made from 1,500 to 3,000 baking powder biscuits, which were
distributed at mess in the morning, generally three for each man. They were made
with water, and being made in such quantity and haste, could not be of good quality.
This lack of fresh bread was the thing the men really felt the most, unless it w^as the
lack of fruit.
No fruit was issued with the ration. At one time I served at the general mess 100
pounds of prunes, which I had purchased in San Francisco for my own company, at
other times 500 pounds procured in Honolulu, and at another, a few pounds of dried
apples I procured from the ship's Stewart to put in a plum duff. About a dozen boxes
of lemons had been put on board at Honolulu as a gift to the hospital, and by direction
of the surgeon, I issued these at various times equallj^ to the companies. The brigade
commissary purchased a few cases of canned pears and peaches at Honolulu, which
were not issued, but were sold at 17 and 18 cents a can. As a rule, these were purchased
for the men by their company commanders and the money repaid them after pay day,
two months later. No fruit of any kind was put on board at San Francisco to my
knowledge for the troops.
No provision was made for a place in which to prepare the food, and so we had to use
the after hatch cover for a chopping block for meat and bacon, and the main deck at the
stern for preparing vegetables.
Inadequacy of cooking facilities made it impossible to serve more than two cooked
meals each day, besides coffee and biscuits immediately after reveille.
The following is a sample bill of fare for one day :
6.S0 a. m.— Coffee, with sugar biscuits, 2 or 3.
lOMO a. m.— Coffee, with sugar, fried bacon, boiled rice, boiled potatoes.
5.00 p. m.— Coffee, with sugar, beef stew, with hard bread and vegetables, boiled pota-
toes, stewed cabbage.
Rice and beans were alternated, and bacon and beef steak were alternated for break-
fast. During the last 5 or 6 days there were no fresh vegetables but potatoes. Consid-
erable cabbage and carrots rotted because of being stored on the banana deck and near
the smokestacks. The full ration of everything was drawn and used, except flour, soap,
vinegar, candles and fresh meat, for the latter of which bacon, canned roast beef and
corned beef were substituted to the full ration. More than the full ration of vegetables
was issued.
The cooking was done by cooks hired by the steamer's steward and under his direc-
tion, so far as the control of the men was concerned. As a rule the food was well
cooked, but occasionally this was not the case. With so little variety, to spoil one thing
meant to spoil the whole meal.
There was no ice except that in the meat refrigerator, and both men and officers
drank the warm water from the ship's tanks or condenser the entire voyage of 36 days.
Respectfully,
H. L. Welta
Captain, /Second Regimeut, O. IT, JS. V.
Hosted by
Google
620 APPENDIX.
Report of Col. O. Summers, Second Oregon TJ. S. Volunteer Infantry,
as Acting Provost Marshal of Manila, August 13
to August 17, 1898.
HEADCiUAETERS SECOND REGIMENT, OREGON U. S. V.,
Manila, P. I,, August 17, 1898.
General J. B. Babcock,
Adjutant General, Eighth Army Corps, Manila, P. I.
Sir : I have the honor to make the following report of my actions, since my arrival
within the walled city of Manila, acting under orders from General Merritt:
My command, consisting of nine companies, arrived in the walled city of Manila
ahout 4 o'clock p. m. on August 13th, and took up a position in front of the Palace Royal,
or the Executive Building, during the final capitulations entered into by General Mer-
ritt. Under instructions from General Merritt, I detailed Company A, of my command,
to lower the Spanish flag and raise the American colors on the main flag staff of the
city wall. I also received orders to proceed at once to receive all arms and ammunition
of the Spanish forces then in the city, and to take possession of all magazines and public
property, and in conformity with these instructions I have the honor to report that I
received during this term some 12,000 or 15,000 stands of Mauser and Remington arms
combined, together with the necessary belts, bayonet scabbard attachments and car-
tridge boxes ; also in the neighborhood of about 3,000,000 rounds of ammunition for the
same. I also received about 50 pieces of artillery of various calibres, together with their
caissons, and a large amount of fixed ammunition for the same. Also, on the heavy
fortifications, I have the honor to report that we secured four large Krupp siege guns,
nine Armstrong siege guns, and a miscellaneous lot of fortification pieces of various
calibres, together with three magazines containing in the neighborhood of about 120
tons of powder and other ammunition ; also two troops of cavalry and the necessary
horses attached to the a!rtillery, making in all 300 to 350 horses all told, together with the
necessary harness and saddles and other equipments for service.
I also took possession of the Treasury Building, located in the walled city, and having
in its vaults in the neighborhood of $750,000.
In the several churches we have also secured a large amount of supplies in the shape
of rice, canned sardines, sugar, flour, and sundry provisions, having been stored there
previously by the Spanish officials.
I also took charge of various smaller places, having what was supposed to be Govern-
ment property stored in the same, all being placed properly under a secure guard, and
the same maintained up to the present date.
I wish to state that, during this period, I have exercised, to the very best of my
ability, a very cautious and conservative system in regard to everything that would
carry out a peaceful and harmonious termination of the receiving of this public property.
I have also cautioned all my sentries on post to be vigilant and to show due courtesy to
all Spanish troops who had surrendered within the city. Finally, I have exercised
great care to carry out what I considered your wish in every detail, and I would mention,
as oiie feature, that in the handling of all these pieces, as numerous as they were, and
fully two thirds having been loaded at the time, not an accidental shot was fired, nor an
accident of any kind occurred. The city is now in a quiet and peaceful state.
I have the honor to make this, my final ]report, in regard to my position as Acting
Provost Marshal for the walled city of Manila.
Respectfully yours, O. Summers,
Colonel, Second Regiment, O.U. S. V.
Hosted by
Google
APPENDIX. 621
Report of Capt. H. li. Wells, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer Infantry,
Containing Bills of Fare of Three Meals of Eleven Com-
panies of Regiment for November 30, 1898.
CUARTEL DE ESPANA, Manila, p. J., November 30, 1898.
Col. O. Summers,
Coynmanding Second Regiment, O. U. S. V.
Sir : In pursuance of instructions, I band you herewith the bills of fare at all three
meals of all the eleven companies at the Cuartel de Espafia for to-day. I desire to call atten-
tion to the fact that to-day is the hist day of the "ten-day" ration period andjthat com-
panies were using up the last of their rations, and that consequently the|bills of fare are
not so varied as they usually are.
Respectfully, H. L. Wells,
Captain, Second Regiment, O. U. S. V.,
Officer of the day.
BILLS OF FARE.
COMPANY A.
Breakfast — Salmon, cornbeef hash, bread and coffee with milk and sugar.
Dinner — Boiled fresh beef, soup, boiled beans, biscuit, coffee and sugar.
Supper— Tomato soup, mashed potatoes, baked beans, fresh onions, bread, coffee and
sugar.
COMPANY B.
Breakfast — Rice, bread, biscuits, coffee with milk and sugar.
Dinner — Roast fresh beef, gravy, boiled potatoes, bread, biscuits, tea and sugar.
Supper— Soup, boiled beans, mashed potatoes, sago pudding, bread, tea and sugar.
COMPANY c.
Breakfast — Mush and milk, fried bacon, gravy, bread, coffee, milk and sugar.
Dinner — Boiled fresh beef, boiled beans, soup, boiled potatoes, bread, tea, coffee and
sugar.
Supper — Soup, boiled fresh beef, rice, fresh onions, boiled potatoes, bread, tea, coffee
and sugar.
COMPANY D.
Breakfast — Rice, bread, biscuits, coffee, milk and sugar.
Dinner — Roast fresh beef, gravy, boiled potatoes, canned tomatoes, bread, coffee and
sugar.
Supper — Beef hash, rice, bread, coffee and sugar.
COMPANY B.
Breakfast — Beef hash, sweet potatoes, bread, coffee and sugar.
Dinner — Fresh beef stew, rice, corn beef, bread, coffee and sugar.
Supper — Tomatoes and crackers, fresh beef stew, biscuits, coffee and sugar.
COMPANY E.
On detached duty at Palace Building. Bill of fare will average the same as other
companies.
COMPANY G.
Breakfast — Rice, hot cakes, bread, coffee and sugar.
Dinner — Roast fresh beef, gravy, bread, coffee and sugar.
Supper — Salmon, boiled beans, stewed onions, bread, coffee and sugar.
COMPANY H.
Breakfast— Mush and milk, bread, coffee and sugar.
Dinner — Rice soup, with meat, fried onions, bread, coffee and sugar.
Supper — Soup, with meat, boiled potatoes, gravy, onion salad, bread, tea and sugar.
Hosted by
Google
622 APPENDIX.
COMPANY T.
Breakfast — Mush and milk, dried peaches, bread, coffee, milk and sugar.
Dinner — Boiled fresh beef, potato soup, rice, bread, tea and sugar.
Supper — Boiled squash, dumplings, stewed prunes, fresh onions, bread, tea and sugar.
COMPANY K.
Breakfast — Mush and milk, bread, coffee, milk and sugar.
Dinner— Beefsteak pie, bread, coffee, milk and sugar.
Supper — Beefsteak hash, boiled potatoes, bread, coO^^e and sugar.
COMPANY IL.
Breakfast — Rice, boiled potatoes, gravy, fried bacon, bread, cofl'ee and sugar.
Dinner — Boiled fresh beef, gravy, boiled potatoes, soup, boiled beans, bread, coffee,
sugar.
Supper — Salmon, potato salad, stewed tomatoes, boiled potatoes, gravy, bread, coflfee
and sugar.
COMPANY M.
Breakfast — Mush and milk, biscuits, coffee, milk and sugar.
Dinner — Fresh beef stew, bread, tea and sugar.
Supper — Salmon, boiled potatoes, biscuits, fresh onions, tea and sugar.
Report of Maj. M. H. Ellis, Surgeon, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteer
Infantry, of Sanitary Conditions on Newport, from Manila
to San Francisco, Dated July 18, 1899.
HEADaUARTERS SECOND ORE&ON U. S. VOLUNTEERS,
Presidio, Cal., July 18, 1899.
To the Adjutant,
^i7'st Battalion, Second Oregon U.S. V.
Sir : I have the honor to report as follows regarding sanitarj^ conditions of the First
Battalion, Second Oregon U. S. Volunteers, on United States army transport Neivport
during voyage from Manila, P. I., to San Francisco, Cal.
Many of the sick and wounded belonging to companies quartered on the United
States army transport Ohio were taken on board the Newport. There were thirteen (13)
such patients treated on the Neivport. All of the sick made favorable progress, improv-
ing very rapidly as soon as they reached a more temperate climate. There were no
serious cases of sickness developed throughout the voyage.
The men's quarters were reasonably commodious and comfortable. Ventilation was
good and the number of latrines available for the use of both officers and men was suffi-
cient to mee^ all demands. The water supply was abundant, the quality of the water
was good, but ice water was not furnished. There were in the lower hold four (4) large
tanks holding 13,000 gallons of water, the capacity of the condenser was 2,000 gallons per
diem, the greatest daily consumption of water was 2,500 gallons, the average was under
2,000 gallons. The supply of food was sufficient and the quality was on the whole satis-
factory. When two (2) days out from Nagasaki three (3) quarters of beef were required
to be thrown overboard on account of being maggoty, but beyond this the meat kept in
good condition, requiring only the usual amount of trimming. The meat furnished was
not as well butchered as the Australian meatfurnisheu at Manila, audit is believed that
there were many improvements which might have been made in the method of handling
the same.
Abundant bathing facilities were furnished and bathing was made compulsory. It
was to be regretted that so many of the men, probably aggregating one fourth, were
without overcoats, but otherwise the supply of clothing was sufficient.
Hosted by
Google
APPENDIX. 623
RECOMMENDATIONS.
The stationing of a purchasing quartermaster at Nagasaki.
More definite specifications regarding the purchasing and Iiandling of meats prior to
being put in cold storage.
From twelve (12) to twenty-four (24) hours should elapse after beef cattle are driven
in before slaughtering.
Beef should stand, protected from flies, for several hours to allow escape of animal
heat before being placed in cold storage.
I have the honor to remain, sir, very respectfully,
M. H. Ellis,
Major and Surgeon, Second Oregon, U. S, V.
Hosted by
Google
624
APPENDIX.
DEATH ROLL SECOND OREGON VOLUNTEERS.
DIED OF DISEASE.
Elias Hutchinson
Edgar J. Johnson-
Rufus E. Holbrook
EdA^ard 0. Young -^ —
Herbert Apolegate
Charles W. Mead
James W. Brown
William H. Roberts ___.
Richard E. Perry
William Fields (H. C).
Asa McCune
Charles E. Minier
Eliot W. Ordway
George W. Starmer
Frank Q. Rofeno
Ormpnd Fletcher
James J. Reid
Harry M. Wheeler
Charles A. Horn
Charles H. Ruhl
Charles P. 01iver-___ —
Lewis E. Miller
John H. P'ehton
Charles F. Kent
Ernesto. Segur
Clyde Perkins
Charles McKinnon
Otis W. Drew
Frank W. Hibbs
Fred J. Norton
Harry G. Hibbard -
Henry Arpin
Wistar Hawthorne
Chester W. Hubbard — .
Pearl O. Doty
Michael P. Crowley
Henry O'Flaherty
Jay E. Taylor -
James Kelly
John Spierings
Lyman Kelsay ^—
Ralph A. Odell
James A. Doyle
M-
D-
C-
A-
B-
C-
B-
B_-
A-
L-
A-
M -
H -
B-_
G-
M_
M -
D-
C-
H -
H _
A-
B__
C-
F-
K _
F-
B-
A-_
F-
K -
E__
C-
K -
B_-
D_-
L__
B-
G-
H -
D__
A__
D-
Hubbard
Pendleton __,
Eugene
Astoria
Ashland
Eugene .
Asliland -,
Ashland-^
North Yamhill
The Dalles- -
Carlton
Silverton
Portland
Roseburg
Portland
Portland
Hubbard
Portland
Eugene
Portland
Hillsboro
McMinnville
Oakland
Eugene
Portland-
Salem
Portland
Eugene
McMinnville
Portland——
Salem
Portland
Eugene
Salem ___
Eugene
La Grande-
Vancouver —
Ashland
Portland
Portland
Pendleton
McMinnville
La Grande-—
June 21, 1898
July 28, 1898
Aug. 10, 1898
Aug. 11, 1898
Aug. 18, 1898
Aug. 18, 1898
Aug. 20, 1898
Aug. 20,1898
Aug. 25, 1898
Sept. 3, 1898
Sept. 5, 1898
Sept. 14, 1898
Sept. 24, 1898
Sept. 27, 1898
Sept. 22, 1898
Sept. 24, 1898
Oct. 2, 1898
5, 1898
10, 1898
20, 1898
2, 1898
8, 1898
Nov. 10, 1898
Nov. 18, 1898
Nov. 20, 1898
Nov. 22, 1898
Nov. 24, 1898
Nov. 29,1898
Dec. 8, 1898
Dec. 8, 1898
Dec. 9, 1898
Oct. 27, 1898
Jan. 16,1899
Feb. 3, 1899
Feb. 6, 1899
Feb. 6, 1899
Mar. 9, 1899
April 4, 1899
May 11, 1899
May 15, 1899
May 29, 1899
June 3, 1899
July 29, 1899
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Nov,
Nov.
At sea.
Cavite.
Cavite.
Cavite.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
San Francisco.
Manila.
Cavite.
San Francisco.
Manila.
At sea.
Manila.
Manila.
Honolulu.
Manila.
Manila.
Manila].
Manila.
Manila.
Manila.
Manila.
Honolulu.
San Francisco.
Manila.
Manila.
Manila.
Manila.
Manila.
Manila.
San Francisco.
Manila.
Manila.
Manila.
Manila.
Manila.
Manila.
Manila.
Manila.
Manila.
Manila.
San Francisco.
KILLED IN ACTION,
Name.
Go.
Residence.
Date.
Place.
Edward W. Hampton-
James Page
H
B-_
L-_
D-__
t::
L
L —
M—
M—
M _--
G—
H—
Portland .
La Grande —
Portland
Portland——
McMinnville __
Portland—^
Portland - _ .
The Dalles
Portland - -
Portland
Portland
Portland —
Pendleton
Feb. 22,1899
Mar. 19,1899
Mar. 25, 1899
Mar. 25, 1899
Mar. 25,1899
Mar. 25, 1899
Mar. 25, 1899
Mar. 25,1899
April 11, 1899
April 11, 1899
April 11, 1899
May 16,1899
June 3,1899
San Pedro.
LagunadeBay.
Malabon.
Guy Millard- _ _
William H.Cook
Malabon.
Birt J. Clark-,-_ — -
L V. Strawderraan
Malabon.
Malabon.
Hayes B. Taylor-
Malabon.
Charles R. Rubart - -
Malabon.
Joe L. Berry _
Marilao.
Oliver M. Kern
Marilao.
Robert B. Hoffman — _ - „
Marilao.
James Harrington
Balac Bridge.
William McElwain __
Taytay.
Hosted by
Google
APPENDIX.
625
DIED OF WOUNDS.
Name.
Co.
Residence.
Date.
Place.
Herman P. Adams
Bert B. Chandler. _
B___
C —
G—
Roseburg
Junction City_
Portland
Mar. 26,1899
April 15, 1899
April 26, 1899
Manila.
Manila.
Manila.
George Eichhamer
KILLED BY ACCIDENT.
Name.
Co.
Residence.
Date.
Place.
Lee K. Morse
L
Portland
Jan. 6, 1899
Manila.
DROWNED.
Name.
Co.
Residence.
Date.
Place.
John J. Kehoe
G
Portland
June 4, 1899
Manila.
MISSING.
Name.
Co.
Residence.
Date.
Place.
James E. Lawrence
M__
M__
M__
Hubbard
Pendleton
Hubbard
April 28, 1899
April 28, 1899
April 28, 1899
Marilao.
Marilao.
Marilao.
Ralph G. McCoy _^__
Clarence W. Mills
Total number of deaths and men missing, sixty-four.
NoTB- Charles W. Mead, Asa McCune, and Henry Arpin, being second call
men, do not appear on the muster-in rolls, and having died in San Francisco,
California, before assignment to companies of the Second Oregon Volunteers, are
not carried on the muster-out rolls.
40
Hosted by
Google
626
APPENDIX.
WOUNDED IN ACTION.
OFFICERS.
1. Major M. H. Ellis, Surgeon. *
2. Captain H. L. Heath, Company A.
3. Captain H. L. Wells, Company L.
4. First Lieutenant A. J. Brazee, Adjutant, Second Battalion.
5. Second Lieutenant J. A. Young, Company A.
ENIilSTBB MEN.
Company A —
1. Corporal W. A. Mellinger.
2. George Snyder.
3. J^rank H.Thompson.
4. William B. TJngerman.
5. John T. Reeves.
6. William F. Crampton.
7. Miles McGrath.
8. Edward Rommel.
9. Leo B. Grace.
Company B~~
1. Henry M. Warner.
2. Walter Ervin.
3. William J. Armitage.
Company C—
1. Elvin J. Crawford, Jr.
2. Earl Mount.
3. Elmer O, Roberts.
4. James E. Snodgrass,
5. Frank Woodruff.
6. Elmer L. Doolittle.
Company D —
1. First Sergeant James West.
2. Sergeant A. Lee Morel ock.
3. Corporal J. C. Headlee.
4. Corporal A. L. Roberts.
5. Corporal William E. Searcy.
6. Daniel C. Bowman.
7. Alfred O. Carden.
Company E—
1. Corpoi-al Edward D. Oesch.
2. Martin Hildebrandt.
3. Walter Dolan.
4. Charles Olsen.
5. Jacob N. Smith.
6. John E. Davis.
Company F—
1. Sergeant C. R, Harrington.
2. Corporal John G. Miller.
3. R. E. Brickdale.
4. Charles W. Ruedy.
5. William D. B. Dodson.
6. B. G.Smith, Jr.
Company O —
1. Corporal William H. Ponatb,
2. A. J. Jordan.
3. Albert A. Eide,
Company G— Concluded —
4. Harold D. Stanton.
5. Charles A. Marcy.
6. Edgar E. Sampson.
7. George W. Spicer.
8. E. C. Thornton.
Company H —
1. Austin J. Salisbury.
2. Ezra A. Kirts.
3. Charles E. Doughty.
Company I—
1. Corporal* Rudolph Gantenbein.
2. Cunlifl' Rowland.
Company K —
1. Sergeant Edward R, Colgan.
2. Corporal E. J. Chamberlin.
3. Ray L. Antrim.
4. Emmet L. Jones.
5. John Janzen.
6. William P. Schwartz.
7. IChomas C. TOwnsend.
8. William E. Smith.
Company L —
1. Sergeant W.W. Wilson.
2. Artificer Arthur C. Dunseth.
3. William T. Allen.
4. Frank E. Adams.
5. Frank, M.Butts.
6. Ben F. Dunseth.
7. Carleton E. Sanders.
8. Guy N. Sanders.
9. John A. Bailey.
10. Clayton L. Ransom.
Company M-r-
1. Corporal F. W. Bowne.
2. Corporal Frank E. Edwards.
3. Corporal Brady F. Burnett:
4. Corporal Leon G. Holland.
5. Wagoner Emmet D. Cosper.
6. John H. Blosser.
7. A. J. Califf.
8. Edward Jacques.
9. Everett Millard.
10. Arthur Pullen.
Hospital Corps —
1. Gordon A. Peel,
2. Peter West.
Hosted by
Google
v^/f4oy
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
APPENDIX. 627
LETTERS, TELEGRAMS, AND RESOLUTIONS
Expressing Appreciation of Services of Second Oregon TJ. S. Volunteer
Infantry.
Office of the Military Governor and
Department of Pacific,
Manila, P. J., August 30, 1898,
Col. O. Summers,
Commanding Second Oregon, United Slates Volunteers:
Sir: I desire to express to you in very strong terms my appreciation of the manner
in which you and your regiaiient performed the very difficult and delicate duties of
acting provost marshal and provost guard during the time immediately following
the capitulation of Manila. It gives me much pride and pleasure on the eve of my
departure to recall the way in which I have been supported by all of my troops, and the
cheerful fortitude with which they have endured the hardships of the campaign.
Very respectfully,
Weseey Mbrritt,
Major General, U. S. A.
Manila, P. I., September 30, 1898.
Col. O. Summers,
Commanding Second Oregon, United States Volunteers:
[Extract.]
What I particularly admired in the Oregon regiment is that they have always
taken their medicine like men, and have never shown any spirit of insubordination or
lack of loyalty. Tell your Oregon men not to mind paper pellets. "Act well your part.
There all the honor lies."
Very sincerely, Thomas M. Anderson,
Major General, U, S, V.
General Wheaton, at Malataon, March 25th, was asked: "AVhere are your regulars?"
Pointing to the Oregons, then advancing on the first entrenchment, he replied : "There
are my regulars."
Again at Malinta, March 26th, the General said : "Orderly, overtake those Oregon
greyhounds on the road to Polo, and order them to Malinta ; go mounted, or you will
never catch them."
Portland, Oregon, April 30, 1899.
Summers, Manila :
Your regiment's splendid record stirs our pride. Congratulated warmly.
Beebe.
Baliuag-, Map /v, 1899.
Colonel Summers,
Commandinq Provisional Brigade, Maasim:
I congratulate and thank you and your command for the fine manner in which you
succeeded in crossing the river under fire of the enemy and capturing the works and
town.
Lawton,
Major General Volunteers.
San Miguel, May 15, 1899.
Colonel Summers :
General commanding (Lawton) has repeated your reply to corps commander (Otis)
with following remarks : "This was a brilliant engagement, for which Colonel Summers
Hosted by
Google
628 APPENDIX.
and his command deserves great credit." He wishes to congratulate you;and your
troops on the comparative casualties. You hold the record of the war.
•Edwards,
Adjutant General,
PAiiACE, May 17, 1899,
General Lawton, JSan Isidro :
Congratulations for you and your troops.
Otis.
Hot Sfkingh, Virginia, May 18, 1S99.
Otis, Manila :
Convey to General Lawton and the gallant men of his command my congratulations
upon the successful operations during the past month, resulting in the capture this
morning of San Isidro.
WILI.IAM MCKlNLEY.
The above will be read to the several organizations comprising this division at retreat
on the day it is received.
By command of Major General Lawton:
Clarence R. Edwards,
Assistant Adjutant General.
CANDABA, May 23, 1899.
Adjutant General,
Department of the Pacific and Eighth Army Corps :
In view of the remarkably successful engagements of Maasim, Balac Bridge, and San
Isidro, participated in by the troops under Colonel Summers's immediate command, I
recommend Colonel Summers for promotion to the grade of Brigadier General of Volun-
teers; at least, I believe him entitled to the corresponding brevet. I make this recom-
mendation in advance instead of in my final report on account of his relief from this
command and probability of immediate return to the United States. My report will
contain recommendations of other officers.
Lawton,
Major General of Volunteers.
(Extract from General Wheaton's report.)
Malolos. Philippine Islands, March 31, 1899.
The gallant conduct of Colonel Summers, Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry, on
March 25th and 26th, is worthy of the highest praise. He maneuvered his regiment with
ability and did excellent service, inspiring his command, which fought with great
courage and determination.
Headquarters Third Brigade, First Division,
Eighth Army Corps,
Manila, Philippine Islands, May 27, 1899.
Col. Owen Summers,
Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry.
Sir : Your regiment is about to leave for home to be mustered out of the service of
the United States, and I now desire to convey to you my highest appreciation of the
distinguisHed services of yourself and of the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry. The
skill, ability, and courage with which you have fought your regiment is deserving the
thanks of your countrymen ; the bravery, determined courage, and gallant conduct of
the officers and men of the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry prove them worthy suc-
cessors of the men who fought at Shiloh, at Gettysburg, and in the Wilderness. Their
gallant conduct during the recent campaign in Luzon has reflected credit upon the State
from which they came.
Very respectfuUj^
LOYD Wheaton,
Brigadier ^General, United States Volunteers.
Hosted by
Google
APPENDIX. 629
In the Field, Las Pinas, Philippine Islands, June 12, 1S99, .
Brevet Brig. Gen. Owen Summers,
Second Oregon Volunteers.
Sir : Your regiment havihg been relieved from my command for the purpose of pro-
ceeding to the United States for muster-out, gives me an opportunitj'^, of which I am
glad to avail myself, of expressing to you, and to the officers and men of your regiment,
my high appreciation of their gallant and faithful service while they have been under
my command.
While I am glad the regiment is to return to their homes, I regret to lose so many
good soldiers. When your regiment came to my command, their reputation as brave
and gallant soldiers had preceded them. Since you have been with me, our work has
been constant, arduous, and dangerous. I learned verj'- soon to place implicit confi-
dence in your energy, judgment and courage, and the gallantry and bravery of your
officers and men. You have nobly earned the reputation of being among the best
soldiers of the American army. In saying farewell to the regiment, I wish you Godspeed
and all the good fortune and prosperity that may and should come to you.
Sincerely and respectfully yours,
H. W. Lawton,
Major General Volunteers.
SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 12.
Whereas, The people of the State of Oregon, regardless of party affiliations, are
desirous of expressing their deep feelings of gratitude to and their admiration for the
courage of the Oregon soldiers who have so nobly offered their lives in defense of help-
less humanity in avenging the loss of the Maine, in behalf of civilization, and to main-
tain the honor and prestige of the American flag ; and
Whereas, The hearts of some of our people are bleeding as the result of the loss by
sickness or in battle of loved ones to them most dear ; therefore, be it
Resolved by the Senate, the House concurring, That the congratulations, admiration,
and confidence of the people of the State of Oregon be and the same are hereby extended
to the Oregon soldiers in the Philippines, and that the sympathy of the people be and is
hereby extended to the mourning friends of the heroic dead ;
That the Secretary of State be and he is hereby requested to transmit a copy of these
resolutions to the commanding officer of the Oregon regiment at Manila, and that said
officer be and he is hereby requested, upon receipt of such copy, to cause the same to
be read to each company of his said regiment.
Adopted by the Senate February 6, 1899.
T. C. Taylor,
President of the Senate.
Concurred in by the House February 6, 1899.
E. V. Carter,
Speaker of the House.
Filed February G, 1899.
F. I. Dunbar,
Secretary of State.
Hosted by
Google
630 APPENDIX.
ORDER.
Publishing Intention of President McKinley to Recommend Special
Medal of Honor to be Given Members Eighth Army Corps
for Performing Willing Service Though Enlisted
to Discharge Upon Ratification of
Treaty With Spain.
Circular I Headquarters Department of California,
No. 16. J San Francisco, CaL, July 15, 1899.
By direction of the Secretary of War, the following is published for the information
of the Second Oregon Volunteers and U. S. Signal Corps Volunteers recently returned
from the Philippine Islands and now awaiting muster-out at the Presidio of San Fran-
cisco:
The President desires to express in the most public manner his appreciation of the
lofty patriotism shown by the volunteers and regulars of the Eighth Army Corps in per-
forming willing service through severe Campaigns and battles against the insurgents in
Luzon, when under the term of their enlistment they would have been entitled to dis-
charge upon the ratification of the treaty of peace with Spain. This action on their part
was noble and heroic. It will sound forth as an example of the self sacrifice and public
consecration which have ever characterized the American soldiers.
In recognition thereof I shall recommend to Congress that a special medal of honor
be given to the officers and soldiers of the Eighth Army Corps who performed this great
duty voluntarily and enthusiastically for their country.
(Signed.) William McKinley.
By command of Major General Shafter :
J. B. Babcock,
Official : Assistant Adjutant General.
R. A. Noble,
Aid.
O
ERRATA.
On page 13, in line May 1, 1899, read Lieutenant Colonel Yoran.
On page 25, seventh line in second paragraph, read Major Eastwick.
On page 32, second line from bottom, read dtp of Sydney.
On page 554, beginning last paragraph, read March ^6, 1899.
On page 559, first line in table, read Cavalry.
Hosted by
Google
IB
k<i;' ■-.:<.■■::.:... :-'-;L.
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
INDEX.
Hosted by
Google
Hosted by
Google
INBEX TO OREGON VOLUNTEERS.
PAGE
Abernethy, Willian 201
Abbott, James D. M 375
Abrams, Carle, Corporal 305
Acton, James E., Corporal 173
Adams, Frank E 74, 334, 554
Adams, Herman P 73, 147, 554
Adams, Morris L 132
Adams, Robert L 375
Adams, Waldo J • 290
Agee, Zopher N 202
Ahlstrom, Fred, Corporal 130
Ainsworth, Clyde 354
Aitken, James P 309
Albee, Charles D., Corporal 373
Albon, Joseph L 213
Aldrich, Henry Q 237
Allan, William W 247
Allard, Don C 334
Allen, Alfred A 174
Allen, Andrew D., Corporal 373
Allen, William T 73, 334, 554
Allison, Arthur 387
Allison, Perry J 107
Alrott, Ed C 132
Amen, Alonza A 290
Amsler, Herrman 309
Anderson, Albert B 154
Anderson, Enoch 73, 214
Anderson, George P 279
Anderson, Harry, Sergeant 198
Anderson, John Q., Sergeant. . . . 151
Ankeny, Frank E 165
Antrim, Ray L 73, 309, 554
Applegate, Herbert 147
Applegate, Moray L 154
Armitage, William J 74, 132, 554
Armstrong, John . 325
Asmus, John 375
Atchinson, William S., Q.M.Serg. 170
Atwood, John R 272
Babb, Andrew A 202
Babb, Raymon 155
Baber, William H 133
Bacon, James A 387
Baertsch, George 174
Bailes, Manley F 300
Bailey, Henry P 375
Bailey, John A ..74, 334, 554
Baird, George C 376
PAGE
Baker, Alvin C 387
Baker, Charles M 107
Baker, Clair B 164
Baker, Cyril K 220
Baker, Will V 155
Baker, William A 272
Baldwin, Frederick 247
Baldwin, James 133
Ball, Edward J 375
Ballard, Ernest R., Corporal 332
Banfield, Charles, Corporal 217
Banfield, William H , 376
Barber, Richard H., Captain...
52, 60, 68, 242, 535, 537, 552
Barclay, Thomas D 107
Barger, Andrew, Corporal 218
Barker, Harry B 387
Barrett, David N., Corporal 307
Barrett, Edward D., Corporal... 271
Barrett, William H 354
Bartell, Max J., Sergeant 75, 330
Bartmess, Charles 175
Barton, Jesse S 376
Basey, Robert W 202
Batchelor, William L 310
Battee, Karl 133
Baty, Charles E., First Sergeant 242
Beam, Orin C 290
Beard, Roscoe S 343
Beatty, Harlan U., Sergeant 385
Beatty, Richard F 375
Beaver, Clarence W 366
Bebb, John E 202
Becker, Everett W 324
Beckley, Wesley B 387
Beebe, Charles F., Brigadier
General, O. N. G.
19, 20, 21, 610, 612, 613
Beeman, Joseph T 221
Bell, Chriss A., Corporal 270
Bell, Robert W 290
Bellinger, Elmer E 335
Belmont, Thomas 220
Benjamin, G. H 355
Bennett, Charles W 354
Bennett, John S 155
Benson, August 335
Benton, Edgar T., Sergeant 373
Benton, Robert L 133
Benz, Ferdinand L 265
Hosted by
Google
634
INDEX.
PAGTE
Berks, Frank 133
Bernhard, John 310
Berry, John D 310
Berry, Joseph L 82, 369
Biers, Adolphus D 155
Bigelow, Robert H 375
Bingham, William C ., 175
Bins, Jacob C 365
Bish, Philip 146
Bitting, Charles C 366
Black, Joseph H., Sergeant 287
Black, Wm. C, Co. B 134
Black, William C, Co. C. 155
Blackburn, James, Corporal 287
Blackwell, George H., Corporal.. 353
Blair, Prior F 375
Biakely, Hugh C 388
Blessing, Frederick W., Corporal 373
Blosser, John H.... 74, 355, 554
Blough, Harry B 107
Blough, Roscoe C 107
Bockes, Darwin, Corporal 106
Bockmann, Charles • . 376
Bodley, Arthur W 280
Biodley, Thomas C 347
Boettner, Albert 247
Boggess, Ernest E 265
Bollam, Jesse 73, 215
Bolton, Charles A., Corporal... 131
Bolton, Henry 335
Bonner, Alex. A 335
Bonner, David J. 335
Bonner, William E.. , 335
Booth, Fred W 121
Booth, Joel C 368
Borden, Everett V., Corporal 201
Bornuff, William H 375
Borti, Charles A.. 324
Bower, Albert B 355
Biowerman, Jay, Sergeant 385
Bowers, Edward T. 388
Bowers, Elwood 221
Bowman, Daniel C 77, 175, 554
Bowman, Loren A., First Lieut.. 372
Bowne, Fred W., Corporal 65, 352
Boyd, Fred 221
Boyd, Frank 190, 326
Boyes, Wesley . 365
Boyilan, Lewis, Sergeant. ....... 287
Boynton, Clyde 202
Bradford, Charles 355
Bradford, William J., Corporal.. 373
Bradley, Alfred L 202
Brady, August J 290
Branstetter Wm. W., Corporal.. 152
Bray, John R 134
Brazee, Albert J., First Lieuten-
ant and Battalion Adjutant..
.. ....56, 74, 101, 215, 545, 554
PAGE
Breslin, George F 239
Breyer, Herman, Cook 308
Brickdale, Richard E. 77, 221, 554
Briner, John H 134
Brinson, John I 355
Brookler, Andrew G.. 175
Brookler, John B., Corporal. 172
Brooks, Gordon P.. • • 324
Brosius, Frampton C., Captain
and Assistant Surgeon
...19, 73, 100, 544
Brown, Allen M 202
Brown, Elbert K., Corporal 219
Brown, George K 260
Brown, James E 147
Brown, James W 147
Brown, Oliver L.. 367
Brown, Sheldon C. 310
Brown, William W., Lance Corp. 332
Brown, Winfield S 175
Brumley, Ralph S 154
Bruce, George H 290
Bryan, Edgar J., Second Lieu-
tenant. 40, 48, 210
Bryant, Arthur C. . 376
Buchanan, George W.. 175
Buchanan, John C 232
Buck, Robert F 221
Bundy, John V 155
Burden, Mallory, Sergeant 269
Burden, Edward 335
Burnett, Brady F., Corporal
..74, 352, 554
B u rn ett, H o race, C orporal .153
Burness, David ... 203
Burns, Chas. E. Jr 291
Burns, Fred H.. 376
Burns, Joseph F 247
Busey, F. Leo 134
Buss, Frederick K.... 262
Butler, Don C, Artificer 106
Butler, James 356
Butler, William E. 134
Butts, Frank M 92, 335, 590
Butzer, John J 222
Byiars, John R., Hospital Stew-
ard......... 19, 73, 101, 149
Cain, James J . . 261
Calcari, Angel . . 388
Calef, Mahlon H., Corporal 151
Califf, Albert J 74, 356, 554
Cal lister, Asa, Sergeant 351
Cammack, Fred M., Sergeant... 351
Campbell, C. A 356
Campbell, Floyd L 367
Campbell, James U., First Lieu-
tenant 55, 286, 299, 552
Canning, Thomas F 203
Hosted by
Google
INDEX.
635
PAGE
Garden, Alfred 0 64, 176
Cardwell, Herbert W., Major and
Surgeon U. S. Volunteers
19, 37, 102, 577, 581, 584
Carlton, Thomas, Principal Mus. 102
Carmody, John 310
Carr, George H., Wagoner 333
Carroll, Daniel 108
Carter, Charles E 176
Carter, Edward R 311
Carter, E. V., Speaker of the
House 629
Carter, H. M. B 156
Carter, Jesse L. 356
Carter, William E 212
Case, Alliene, Second Lieutenant 384
Case, Charles L 222
Case, Emory 388
Case, James F., Major U. S. Vol-
unteers 20, 40, 41
48, 68, 89, 90, 94, 216, 552, 560,
562, 566, 567, 568, 570, 573, 574,
578, 580, 588, 589, 593, 595, 596, 610
Case, Lewis T 388
Case, Martin L 291
Cason, George L., Corporal 288
Casto, Frank E 20^
Chamberlin, Edgar J., Corporal.
89, 306, 588, 594
Chandler, Charles W 176
Chandler, Bert B 74, 168, 554
Chaplin, Ralph H 291
Chapman, Caleb A 325
Chapman, Loren H 335
Chapman, Wm. J 156
Chapman, William R.. 222
Chase, Fremont R., Musician... 106
Chase, Louis F 272
Cherrington, Edw. E., Artificer. . 386
Chickering, D. H 311
Church, Earl H 155
Churchill, Richard C, Corporal.. 307
Churchman, Geo. H 134
Clagett, William H. Jr., Sergeant 269
Clark, Bert J 73, 124, 554
Clary, John 311
Clements, Del 222
Clift, Andrew 263
Cline, Thomas D 222
Cloquet, August 108
Cloyes, Herbert P 336
Clyatt, Harry 223
Coates, Addison C 388
Coates, John C 135
Cobb, Merritt S 135
Cobb, Thos. E 135
Cofobs, Ralph 343
Coburn, Miles 247
Cochran, John W 388
PAGE
Cochrane, Charles E 248
Cochlin, John W 109
Cockrell, Mort J 291
Colby, Mark R 203
Cole, Don A., Corporal 331
Cole, Edward 222
Cole, James E 343
Golman, Frederic A 280
Colgan, Edward R., Q. M. Ser-
geant 74, 304, 554
Collard, Frank A., Corporal. .82, 108
Collard, Roy L., Corporal 105
Collins, James J., Sergeant 217
Conner, Daniel 135
Conner, George W., Corporal 172
Connelly, Stephen J 176
Constant, Owen A 177
Cook, William M 73, 195, 554
Cooke, William E 336
Cooper, Avery J 336
Cooper, Minor M 311
Cooper, Paul B 109
Cooper, Walter I., Sergeant 385
Cooper, Wells C 108
Coquillette, Frank S., Saddler. . 387
Corey, Hylen H., Serg-eant 385
Cornelius, Walter 311
Cornell, Charles A., Musician... 154
Cornfield, Jack 291
Cory, Charles 203
Cosper, Emmet D., Wagoner. . . .
74, 354, 554
Cothlin, Charles E 357
Cotner, Hezekiah C, First Ser-
geant 170
Cottingim, James W 109
Countryman, A. J 203
Cousins, Herbert W 343
Cox, Smith 388
Coyne, Frank B 280
Crabtree, Elbert C 135
Crabtree, Fred J.. 109
Craft, Charles A 223
Craig, Frank J 156
Crampton, William F 109
Crary, Lotan R 272
Cratty, Gainer A 367
Crawford, Elvin J., Jr., Wagoner
74, 153, 554
Crawford, Robert F.. , ." 283
Creager William A 264
Crider, John F 376
Criswell, Charles C 300
Crofty Mason 291
Cronkite, George H 223
Crooks, Harry V 248
Crowne, Eugene P., First Lieu-
tenant and Adjutant. . .19, 101, 592
Crowner, Henderson 177
Hosted by
Google
636
INDEX.
PAGE
Crowley, Michael P 194
Crowson, Winnie Y., Sergeant. . 129
Crozier William, Corporal 189
Cull, Charles E 235
Currie, Charles E., Sergeant.... 150
Curtis, Lester 388
Curtis, William S., Corporal 219
Cyrus, Edmund 291
Dahlstrom, Alfred, Corporal. . . . 353
Dake, Virgil 357
Davidson, Alva G., Corporal.... 173
Davies, Thomas H 272
Davis, Howard, Corporal 152
Davis, James B 135
Davis, John E 74, 204, 554
Davis, John H. 109
Davis, Lester B 357
Davis, Robert E., Captain
56, 68, 80, 197, 540, 543, 544, 545, 552
Davis, Thomas V., Sergeant.... 330
Davis, Willard D 299
Day, George, Corporal 129
De Atley, Ora E 336
De Burgh, Joseph. 234
De Lashmutt, Albert 312
De Lashmutt, John C 312
De Witt, Omar M., Q. M. Serg.. . 104
Deich, Richard, Sergeant
54, 75, 79, 81, 91, 103
Denney, Walker 135
Dennin, David M 357
Denny, Edward F.. 357
Desart, Alfred Q 388
Desart, Jerry 312
Desmarais, Pet-r 249
Devere, Claude 224
Dickey, Walter T...... 343
Dieckman, Phil. V 135
Diedrich, Edward Jr., Sergeant.. 217
Dietz, William C. 388
Dillon, Charles I., Commissary
Sergeant 19, 104
Dlny, Peter 177
Dixon, Joseph O .' 144
Doble, Roy M., Musician ... 272
Doble, Stanton L., Sergeant.... 270
Dodge, Julian L 272, 283
Dodson, William D. B 15, 64, 224
Dolan, Walter 204
Donahue, Patrick 136
Doue, Steve M ..177
Donnelly, William M 248
Donner, John L. , . 376
Dooley, Irving . 273
Doolittle, Elmer 1 ...96, 156, 604
Doty, Pearl O 148
Dougherty, W. F., Corporal 330
Doughty, Albert F 204
PAGE
Doughty, Charles E , 273
Douglas, Edwin J. 357
Dow, Roy B 136
Doyle, James A 178, 195
Drake, Bryant S 156
Drake, Frederick W 376
Drew, John F 136
Drew, Otis W ._ 148
Du Bois, William G 357
Du Rette, George A 312
Bubois, George E 376
Duffey, Austin 204
Duf ur, George H., Corporal 332
Dukes, H. Maltimore. 194
Dunbar, F. I., Secretary of State 629
Dunbar, Thomas N., First Lieu-
tenant.. 48, 56, 80, 197, 543, 545, 552
Duncan, Ray 178
Dunkin, Walter L.. . . , 312
Dunn, Thomas V 109
Dunseth, Arthur C, Artificer... 333
Dunseth, Benjamm F 74, 344, 554
Dupuis, Ben., Sergeant 170
Dupuls, Cliff 178
Dustin, George W., Corporal. . . . 271
Duval, George R 236
Dwight, Frank D., Sergeant. . . . 385
Dyer, George E 212
Dye, Walter H. ,. .. 325
Eastwick, Philip G., Jr., Major..
11, 12, 13,
19, 20, 25, 41, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53,
58, 59, 66, 68, 76, 79, 84, 86, 88,
90, 93, 95, 96, 100, 535, 537, 552,
553, 559, 560, 566, 572, 578, 586,
587, 591, 593, 594, 596, 603, 612, 616
Eckstein, Cash 358
Edelsten, Ernest, Corporal 308
Edmunds, Frederick 225
Edwards, Frank E., Corporal...
77, 352, 554
Edwards, Fred E., Sergeant 330
Eichhamer, George 75, 267, 601
Eide, Albert A 60, 249, 536
Elkins, Dillard A 110
Elkins, Willard A.. 156
Elliott, Lewis W 179
Ellis, Matthew H., Major and
Surgeon
19, 37, 73, 100, 616, 617, 618, 622, 623
Elton, James O 336
Elwood, Clark, Musician 308
Emerson, James P.. , . 388
Emkins, Harry C, Corporal.... 288
English, Clarence C, Corporal. . 200
Ennis, James H 358
Ennis, Sydney B. 358
Eoff, Henry T 389
Hosted by
Google
INDEX.
637
PAGE
Ernest, Henry, Corporal 246
Ervin, Walter 1^6
Evans, Benjamin F 389
Evans, George E., Farrier 374
Evans, Joseph G., Artificer 132
Ewing, Len. D. 110
Ewing, Wayne E 389
Fairbrothers, 1. H 136
Fairchilds, Wm. H 389
Fane, Edward 313
Farrell ,Dennie E 262
Faull, Carleton W., Vet., Serg. 384
Fawcett, Thomas K., Sergeant. . 243
Febvet, George 228
Fees, Osmer D 122
Fehrenbacher, W., Jr., Corporal. 271
Feldman, Samuel 313
Fenton, Frank 249
Fenton, John H 148
Ferguson, Charles J 191
Ferguson, Fred 358
Field, William 347
Finley, John B., Corporal 288
Finzer, William E., First Lieu-
tenant 350, 552
Fisher, Corvan 225
Fisher, Fred D 233
Fisher, Frederick N 389
Fisher, Luther M., Corporal.... 153
Fitts, Fay M.. 377
Fitzgerald, Edward J 204
Flaugher, Harvey E 389
Fleming, Michael, Corporal 385
Flint, Jesse K.... 156
Flood, Frank 224
Floiod, Philip 224
Foley, Thomas J 377
Fones, Clifford R 313
Fones, Lee C 314
Ford, John 359
Ford, William L 157
Foree, James C 377
Foster, Albert S 377
Foster, Charles F 224
Foster, Charles J., Corporal 131
Foster, Joseph 144
Fortan, Oscar J., Sergeant 199
Fouts, Seneca F., Corporal 331
Fowler, Ward W., Corporal..... 218
Fox, Arthur C 123
France, Edwin E 122
Francis, Wiley B 157
Franklin, Charles B., Corporal.. 342
Frazer, George N 157
Fredden, Harry( A 336
Freeman, Frank F..... 273
Freeman, John 204
Freye, Frank 388
Friedley, Frank B 337
Frohmader, Bert F. 314
Fry, William 359
Fulkerson, Pearl 314
Gable, Ratio 205
Gadsby, William, Captain 52, 260
Gaffney, John E 191
Gagen, Charles A 389
Gallagher, Anthony 110
Gallagher, John H 124
Galloway, Alex. B 337
Gamber, J. Arthur, F*rst Serg.. 286
Gamble, Theodore l.. Sergeant. . 198
Gannon, Edward J., Bugler. . . . 387
Gantenbein, Calvin U., Major. .
11, 12, 19, 20, 22, 36,
43, 44, 47, 50, 52, 54, 55, 62, 64,
65, 68, 97, 99, 457, 519, 520, 539, 611
Gantenbein, J. Edw., Sergeant. . 281
Gantenbein, Rudolph, Corporal.
74, 289, 554
Gard, Frank, First Sergeant. 304, 368
Garrett, Phinehas L 205
Garrett, Robert P 157
Garrett, Wiliam J 225
Garretson, Ed^ar S. 110
Garritson, Fred IVI 337
Garner, Mathras E., Corporal... 386
Gaskill, James R. 389
Gault, Frederick L 377
Geer, T. T., Governor of Oregon. 97
Gerhardt, Austin 137
Gerlach, Emil, Farrier 387
Getchell, William A. 179
Gibbons, David IVI 194
Giesy, Andrew J., Asst. Medical
Examiner 21
Gilbert, Romeo M 314
Gilbert, William S., Captain and
Chaplain 11, 19, 100
Gilkey, Bert, Wagoner 375
Girod, Arthur 315
Gilstrap, Orva C, Corporal 153
Girard, Frank M., Artificer 289
Gilleland, Arthur L 166
Girod, Leon 31?i
Glenn, Douglas 179
Glennan, William 249
Glessner, Joseph W., Trumpeter. 374
Glover, Herbert S 377
Godfrey, Frank S., Q. M. Ser-
geant 89, 128
Goodwin, B. IVI 359
Google, George E 359
Gordon, Alexander F., Wagoner. 246
Gordon, James A 337
Gourley, William A 211
Grace, Leo B 77, 110, 544
Hosted by
Google
638
INDEX.
PAGE
Graham, Angus A 167
Graves, Herbert G 110
GrayVCIyde E 137
Gray, John W 179
Greenleaf, Robert S., Captain... 372
Gregory, Milton If^
Green, Horatio J .40, 213
Green, Thomas ISO
Green, William 250
Grieve, James E 250
Griffin, Charles W 157
Grim, Edwin, First Lieutenant. .
90, 216, 552, 589
Grimm, Ivan, Q. M. Sergeant. . , . 365
Gritzmacher, August B., First
Lieutenant • - - 49, 269
Gross, Leonard 157
Grubb, Frank, Corporal 129
Grubb, William C, First Serg... 128
Guile, Wilbur M. 389
Gunn, John E 180
Gust in, James H. 205
Hackathorn, G. M 359
Hackett, Thomas E., Farrier 387
Hackney, Sloan 344
Hagelin, Hans 316
Hall, Clarence 180
Hall, Herbert K., Q. M .Sergeant 304
Hall, Ralph 360
Hallett, Claude F 315
Hamlin, Frank B., First Lieu-
tenant .89, 128, 552
Hamilton, S. E... 389
Hampton, Edw. W 284
Hanigan, Charles E. 273
Hanna, Arthur, Corporal 152
Hanna, Frank W 315
Hannon, Wm. H ...... 360
Hansen, Andrew 315
Hansen, Hans 300
Harder, William W., Corporal. . . 270
Harding, George Lee, Corporal.. 288
Harding, Joseph E 300
Hardman, Chas. IVI 389
Hargreaves, Fred 292
Harms, Leo A., Corporal 244
Harrington, James
....... .87, 91, 92, 267, 568, 586, 590
Harris, Arthur P., Sergeant.... 194
Harris William, F ,. 315
Harrison, Joseph C 389
Hart, George B. 292
Hart, William H 344
Hartman, Ernest A., Artificer. . . 271
Hartman, George A,, Jr., First
Lieutenant 170, 552
Harry, Joseph H 292
Hastings, John 181
iPAGE
Hauser, Lloyd J 389
Hawking, H. A 281
Hawkins, Claude A. 157
Hawthorne, Wistar 168
Hayes, Frank T., Sergeant. . 104
Hayes, Harry J., Sergeant. 198
Hayden, Clell 316
Hayden, Frederick J 389
Hayden, William O.. 316
Haynes, Crum C 225
Haynes, Fred W., Second Lieu-
tenant 150
Haynes, William 263
Hays, Alfred P., Corporal 244
Hays, George M 193
Headlee, John C, Corporal
74, 172, 554
Headrick, David 360
Heath, Edwin O 193
Heath, Herbert L., Captain. 31,
40, 47, 65, 68, 76, 77, 81, 84, 85,
86, 89, 90, 91, 95, 103, 552, 559,
564, 568, 579, 586, 587, 590, 591, 603
Heiser, Robert C 292
Heltzel, Harry H 273
Hempe, Frank M 225
Hemsworth, F. W 344
Henderson, Frank 226
Henderson, O. D., Q. M, Serg... 351
Henkle, Arthur L.. ., 292
Henley, John F 292
Henry, Joseph D ......... 191
Herb, Charles J 273
Herr, Marcellus A 181
Herrin, Fred 137
Herring, Tillman R ... 292
Herrington, C. R., Sergeant.... 216
Herrmann, Geiorge E 377
Herzog, William 273
Hewitt, Rezin D., Sergeant. .... 198
Hibbard, Harry G 326
Hibbard, John B., Corporal..... 199
H ibbs, Frank W 124
H ickey, Andrew A. 235
Hickey, Thomas J 250
Hickman, Charles E 293
Hicks, Bert 181
Hicks, William A . 182
High, Frank C 87, 98, 250, 571
Hildebrand, Martin.. 57, 205, 543, 544
Hildreth, Buell 137
H ilton, Fred 342
Hill, Charles B. ..263
Hill, James F.. 273
Hillert, Fred 344
H inkel, Charles 366
Hinton, Thos. 137
Hoberg, Charles H Ill
Hosted by
Google
INDEX.
639
Hockenyos, Henry> Principal
Musician 19, 102
Hockett, Clyde 137
Hockett, Walter B 360
Hoeye, Joseph W., Corporal. .... 244
Hoffman, Claude B 293
Hoffman, Edw. C 389
Hoffman, Ed. W 293
Hoffman, Robert B 83, 369
Hoffman, William G., Musician. 289
Holbrook, Millard C, Corporal.. 271
Holbrook, Philo, Jr., Sergeant... 151
Holbrook, Rufus K. 167
Holbrook, Samuel C 274
Holden, Arthur 293
Holden, Philis 299
Holgate, Donald W Ill
Holgate, Harry L., Artificer 354
Holland, Howard H 360
Holland, Leon G., Corporal
74, 353, 554
Holston, Harvey 226
Holt, William E 360
Honstein, Louis 250
Hooker, L. St. Elmo 166
Hopwood, OIney G 138
Horn, Charles A 168
Hornberg, William G., Sergeant. 243
Horner, 6harles H 293
Horner, Wesley D 390
Hoskins, Edward E Ill
Hotchkiss, Charles 250
Howard, Emil W 167
Howard, Jlohn Q., Cook 154
Howell, Arthur E 293
Howell, Benj. McN..... 316
Howell, Frank E 345
Howell, Morris 138
Howland, John A 293
Hoyit, Elwell H 377
Hubbard, Chester W 326
Huddleson, C. M Ill
H uerth, John 293
H ughes, M ichael D. . 205
Hughes, Richard 174
Hulden, Alexander 316
Hull, Orville J., Corporal 305
Humphreys, C. S 361
Humphreys, F. W., Corporal.... 353
Humphrey, John D 93, 111
Humphrey, Peter A 145
Humphrey, W, A., First Lieuten-
ant O. N. G.. 20
Hunter, Henry P., Corporal. 331
Hunter, John A 206
Humtleyl, Merritt B., Cook
87, 98, 166, 332
Huntley, William A., Second
Lieutenant 298
PAGE
Hurley, Roy H. 274
Huston, Robert S., First Lieu-
tenant 150, 600
Hutchinson, Elias 11, 33, 368
Hutchmson, Wm. H 390
Hyland, William H 226
Icard, George M 192
Illig, Carl A 361
Ingeman, Andy, Sergeant 372
Ingman, Clare, Corporal 232
Inman, Clifton L 206
Innis, Charles, Corporal 152
Isekite, Daniel m
Isenberg, F. Howard 194
Jack, Frederick D 390
Jackson, James, Lieutenant Col-
onel Ret., U. S. A 25, 613
Jackson, Rhees, First Lieutenant
and Bat^-alion Adjutant 101, 240
Jacobson, Hans R 112
Jameson, Malcolm S., Second
Lieutenant 197, 212, 552
Janes, Frank W. 251
Jansen, Frank L. 317
Janzen, Henry 316
Janzen, John 74, 317, 554
Jaques, Edward 74, 361, 554
Jarman, Charles P 281
Jennings, Guy F 345
Jensen, Martin 192
Jensen, Die 361
Jessen, Henry, Corporal 353
Jewett, Alphues 226
Jewett, Frank G., First Sergeant 384
Jewell, Frank R., Cook 290
Jodon, Charles B 251
Johannesen, Gus 337
Johns, John C, Corporal 386
Johns, Jr., Summerel 206
Johnson, Admer T 211
Johnson, Ben 112
Johnson, Charles W 390
Johnson, Claude A 361
Johnson, Edgar J..... 194
Johnson, Freeman, Corporal.... 199
Johnson H. A., Jr 390
Johnson, James C, Sergeant... 351
Johnson, Lionel A., Corporal.... 288
Johnson, Louis L 345
Johnson, Martin G., Corporal... 246
Johnson, Victor, Artificer 201
Johnson, Willard C 158
Johnson, William C, Cook 220
Johnston, Thos. W 206
Johnston, William C, Sergeant. 232
Johnstone, Arthur J., Sergeant. 269
Jones, Carl, Corporal 171
Hosted by
Google
640
INDEX.
Jones, Edward E 263
Jones Emmett L ..74, 317, 554
Jones, George W., Corporal 306
Jones, Herman K 293
Jones, Jfohn H 158
Jones, John M 281
Jones, John M., Sergeant 373
Jones John W 211
Jones, Samuel C. 317
Jordan, Albert J... .....74, 251, 554
Jordan, Thomas, Musician 173
Jordan, William H 281
Kaltz, Bruce, Corporal 271
Kauffman, Chris C, Sergeant... 151
Kaufmann, Charles F., Sergeant 243
Kavanaugh, G. V., Corporal.... 219
Keady, Arthur W 317
Kehoe, John J 267
Kellogg, Sylvester L.. 390
Kelly, Fielding S., First Lieuten-
ant and Battalion Adjutant. .
68, 81, 83, 188, 552
Kelly, James 266
Kelsay, Lyman : 195
Kelty, Harvey' D.... 317
Kemp, Josiah, Q. M. Sergeant. . 330
Kennedy, Charles F ., 338
Kennedy, James J., Musician... 201
Kennedy, John W 293
Kennedy, William G., Wagoner. 309
Kenny, Frank 126
Kent, Charles F 168
Ker, Joseph H.. 251
Kern, Henry G 361
Kern, Oliver M. 369
Kernay, John 192
Kerrigan, Herbert W 274
Kerron, Artnur P 274
Kerslake, Frank 390
Kesselring, Max, Corporal...... 288
Kiernan, William E 376
Killian, IVJiss Lena, Nurse. 22
Kimber, Arthur . 214
King, Benjamin L . 361
King, Edward L.. 274
King, John J........ ... 390
Kinzer, Charles C 361
Kirby, David C , 390
Kirchheimer, A. M. F 261
Kirkley, Arthur B 226
, Kirkman, Elbert A 378
Kirts, Ezra A 275, 603
Klauck, John 112
Klauser, Anton 390
Kleinsmith, Alvin S 294
Kleupfer, John H. 138
Klingensmith, C. E.. 158
Klum, Blaine 138
PAGE
Knapp, Lawrence H., First Lieu-
tenant and Quartermaster. . . .
19, 24, 34, 101, 592, 612
Knight, William 206
Knowlesi, Chester A 251
Knox, Isaac B 275
Kober, Frederick 294
Koeber, Christian 227
Kretzer, Daniel J 338
Kreuder, Phillip I 113
Kreyer, Charles A., Cook Cor-
poral 374
Kreyer, P. W 227
Kruger, William t 377
Krummf John R., Corporal 373
Krupke, John P 377
Kuehil, William F 294
Kupers, William 182
Kuykendall, Otto F.. 338
La Dow, Herbert N., Corporal. . . 373
La Selle, Charles V 145
Lady, Henry 113
Lafferty, Frederick S., Corporal. 244
Lafferty, John L 227, 284
Lamberson, R. A 275
Lambert, Arthur E., Corporal... 105
Lampman, Oscar B 294
Landers, Henry .... 158
Lando, Isaac 252
Lane, Joihn H., Sergeant. .. .243, 536
Lang, John 213
Larimer, Isaac D., First Sergeant 150
Latham, Roy 0. 275
Lauman, Charles A. 252
Laurenz, John W 378
Lautenschlaeger, G. J., Serg'eant 242
Lawrence, James E 369
Lawson, Bert K 158
LayH:on, James B . 390
Leach, James H 275
Leatherman, Charles E., Corporal 131
Leathers, William A., Corporal. 171
Leavitt, Edwin E 182
Lee, John A 378
Lee, Henry 318
Lee, William E 338
Leman, William H., Musician.. 220
Lemison, Edgar R 338
Lenon, Luther 227
Letson, Charles W 158, 347
Levins, Sampson 378
Lewis, Ed. C 138
Liles, John R 382
Lilienthal, Carl '. 206
Lindburg, Victor 378
Lindsayi, John N.. . . . . 158
Lipes, Oliver E., Corporal. . ..82, 105
Lischke, Frank F 378
Hosted by
Google
INDEX.
641
PAGE
Litchfield, George F 318
Littlefieid, Harry A., Hospital
Steward 19, 102
Logus, William R 294
Long, Harland 227
Longenecker, Bert E 294
Lord, William P., Governor Ore-
gon 11, 16, 18, 19, 21, 24
Lowe, Bert, Corporal 305
Lowe, Christian S 345
Lowell, Arthur J 390
Love, Albert 252
Lovelace, Chas. A 159
Lovell, Harry E., Corporal 190
Lucas, Zeno 207
Luce, Sydney M 275
Ludwig, Henry J 275
Lukinbeal, William E 338
Lurz, Frank L 252
Lurz, John J 252
Lyman, Chauncey 252
Lyman, William P 378
Lyon, Edward 87, 98, 139, 568
Macintosh, William 207
MacLean, Hector, Musician 201
Macrum, Charles A., Captain and
Surgeon, O. N. G 19, 612
Maddux, George 113
Maddy, James T 236
Mader, Jacob H 236
Magruder, James P 207
Mahoney, William E., Musician. 220
Malehorn, Clinton 378
Mange, Peter 234
Mankin, Guy C 362
Mann, Thomas R., Cook 271
Mannes, TTiiomas P...... 391
Manning, A. A., Corporal. 190
Manning, William G 275
Marcellus, Marius B 264
Marcy> Charles A., Sergeant
74, 253, 554
Marin, Jacob C 182
Markart, Charles L 299
Marsh, Willis, Corporal 171
Marshall, John W., Sergeant
Major
50, 89, 98, 101, 214, 562, 588, 592, 595
Marshall, R. P 339
Martin, Alexander F 346
Martin, Fred N 228
Martin, George W., Second Lieu-
tenant 286, 301
Martin, Harry H 113
Martin, Lantford 207
Masten, Verl L., Corporal 200
Mathsan, Ole 174
Matthew, Louis 253
41
PAGE
Maxwell, John J 253, 536
May, John L., Captain
17, 68, 77, 79, 92, 128, 552
McAllister, Harvey L., Corporal. 104
McArthur, David E 294
McBride, Walter W 294
McCausIand, George V 295
McClung, Clyde H. 295
McClung, D. C 295
McConiga, Samuel F 159
McConnell, Clarence 391
McCormick, C. C 391
McCornack, Condon 159
McCord, George Kay, Corporal.. 130
McCoy, Ralph G 370
McCutcheon, Charles G 114
McDonald, James W 207
McDonell, Charles E., Captain..
49, 54, 269, 539
McDougall, Charles C 339
McElwain, William 96, 284, 604
McFarland, Edwin L., Musician. 289
McGinn, John L 237
McGinn, William J 379
McGowan, James E., Corporal.. 219
McGowan, Samuel, Principal
Musician 19, 102
McGrath, Miles ,. 114
McGuire, Ernest L 159
McGuire, Willis C 159
McMwain, Squire A., Corporal.. 306
Mcintosh, Wm. W 378
McKenna, Christopher ...36, 339
McKenzie, Thos. F 139
McKibben, Albert E 252
McKinlay, Joseph F 208
McKinley, Charles 318, 325
McKiniey, William S 318
McKinney, George B 114
McKinnon, Charles " . 240
McKinnon C. J... 183
McKinnon, James A., Second
Lieutenant 48, 269
McKinnon, John L 391
McLaughlin, Ara W 295
McManus, Thomas 362
McMartin, Alex 159
McMillan, Timothy 114
McMullin, Timothy 300
McMurray, Frank G 159
McMurry, Ralph B 159
Mcpherson, Guy 318
McQieown, Leslie 368
McWilliams, C. O., Corporal 386
Mead, Frank A., Second Lieu-
tenant 170, 592
Mead, James, Corporal 200
MealeyV Karl S 378
Mellinger, Walter A., Corporal.. 105
Hosted by
Google
642
INDEX.
FAOK
Mercer, Charles P., First Berg. 197
Merrill. William V.... 167
Metcalf, Harry K 391
Meussdorffer, C. H. Jr., Second
Lieutenant 216, 232, 552
Miers, Charles C 82, 114
Mikeska, Frank 253
Millard, Archie 319
Millard, Guy, Wagoner. .73, 347, 5^54
Millard, Everett.... 82, 362
Miller, Charles 319
Miller, George B. 275
Miller, Harry E 160, 368
Miller, John G., Corporal 90, 219
Miller, John J 391
Miller, John W. F. 365
Miller, Lewis E 125
Miller, Otto, Corporal 129
Miller, Theodore G. 295
Miller, William E.. 379
Miller, William H 160
Milligan, William 0 228
Million, Ferd 139
Mills, Clarence W 369
Minier, Charles, E. i.... 369
Minnemeyer, George W., Wag-
oner 201
Misenhimer, R. H 253
Mitchell, David H 115
Mitchell, Hiram E., Captain and
Quartermaster, U. S. V. 20, 610, 611
Mitchell, James N 115
Mitchell, William W 339
Moffat, John W., Sergeant 286
Mogensen, Hans 139
Mohr, Charles 228
Molson, Christian 254
Monahan, Thos. F ,139, 266
Montague, James 228
M'ontgomery, William 183
Moon, William S., Captain....
52, 53, 59, 68, 79, 84, 150, 552, 554
Moore, D. J., Major, O. G. N. . , 664
Moore, Elbridge W., Second
Lieutenant 40, 237
Moore, Hurlie L., Corporal 385
Moore, Jesse C 391
Mo<ore, John M 160
Morelotjk, A. Lee, Sergeant
74, 171, 554
Morelock, William M 183
Morgan/ Deli .1 295
Morgan, Frank L.. . .. 229
Morgan, Louis 254
Morse, Lee K., First Sergeant.. 348
Morse, Percy M 346
Morrell, William 254
Morris, William D 300
Morris, William P 115
Morrow, William C, Corporal... 270
Moshberger, Eugene, Corporal. 352
Moshberger, R. A., Corporal.... 352
Mossie, Eber D 183
Moulton, Ralph H., First Serg.. 329
Mount, Earl .74, 160, 554
Mueller, Gustav A., Chief Mu-
sician.. ...19, 102, 174
Muir, James 362
Mulkey, Philip J 319
Mullen, Francis J 391
Mullen, Frank 228
Munroe, Thomas W., Q. M. S^^rg. 150
Muralt, Christian, Jr 295
Murbach, Albert 238
Murphy, Charles A., Second
Lieutenant
.12, 53, 60, 303, 535, 537, 552
Murphy, Stephen 370
Murray, Thomas H., Corporal... 131
Myers, Maurice H.. 295
Nageli, John 254
Nash, Claude M 238
Naylor, Arthur M 379
Needham, Nelson S. 295
Nelson, Lewis F 379
Nendel, John W., Sergeant 372
Nesbett, Fred H 365
Neuhaus, Robert, Artificer 386
Neumann, Louis F 254
New, Judge D.. 282
Newby, Roy A 255
Newell, Herbert 115
Newman, Charles L. 208
Newson, John D 160
Neylan, James R 275
Nice, Charles W 379
Nichol, George W 160
Nichols, Ammi S., Assistant
Medical Examiner ........... 21
Nicholas, Byron R 208
Nicholson, Clyde R., Corporal.- 245
Nickum, John C, Corporal 199
Noah, George E 212
Noel, Leigh A., Sergeant. 305
Noltner, Frede H., First Serg... 269
Norman, William S 339
Norris, Rea 295
North, William C, First Serg... 216
Northway, Joseph E 208
Norton, Fred J. 240
Norwood, Will 319
Null, Frank 183
Odell, Ralph A 125
Oesch, Edward D., Corporal. .65, 200
Ogle, Volney 6 208
Oliver, Charles P. 285
Hosted by
Google
INDEX.
643
PAGE
Oliver, George W., Musician . 166, 354
Olsen, Gustav 391
Olson, Charles 64, 213
Orchard, Hollie R 214
Ordway, Eliot W 284
Osburn, Thomas J 362
O'Brien, Joseph V 161
O'Brien, Samuel R 161
O'Fiaherty, Henry 348
O'Mara, William 319
O'Neal, James B 87, 346
O'Neil, Robert J 276
Page, James 65, 195
Papst, Albert 362
Park, George A., Corporal 131
Parsley, Everett B 140
Parsons, Alvin M 229
Parsons, Oscar i_ 340
Parsons, Wm. W 166
Paterson, William L 276
Patterson, Charles 208
Patterson, Frank 296
Patterson, Ora R 379
Patton, Laurence C 255
Payne, Henry 82, 369
Payne, Herbert H 262
Peel, Gordon A 74, 214
Peppin, Walter F 379
Percy, Allen 276
Perkins, Clyde 326
Perkins, John W 283
Perkins, Thomas L 379
Perry, Richard E 125
Perry, William M 296
Petersen, Fred 319
Peterson, Harry W 379
Peterson, Olaf H., Corporal 153
Peterson, Peter 391
Petzold, Frederick 340
Pfaff, Henry, Sergeant 217
Phelps, Ono S 161
Phillips, Merrill D., Captain....
68, 78, 286, 552, 553
Pickens, Leonard L., Captain.. 298
Pickering, Louis €. 276
Pierce, Frank 276
Pierce, John E 192
Pike, Alberti L 115
Pinson, Joseph E 183
Pitts, James R 379
Plank, Claude F 320
Piatt, Rdlph, First Lieutenant
and Commissary
48, 120, 612, 616, 617, 618
Platts, Charles R., Second Lieu-
tenant 56, 350, 542, 543, 552
Platts, Willis A., First Sergeant 350
Plumb, William M ... 229
PAGE
Poindexter, Fielding L 89,296
Bollard, Frank 380
Ponath, William H., Corporal..
58, 244, 535, 536
Poole, Samuel 276
Poorman, John M., Captain....
..56, 68, 350, 541, 542, 543, 545, 552
Poorman, Tracy C, CorporaL . . 352
Porter, Edward 380
Porter, Leonard W 296
Porter, Marion L 320
Potter, Thaddeus, Q. M. Sergeant 372
Povey, George W., Second Lieu-
tenant 44, 48, 329, 611
Powell, Alvin H 208
Powell, Frederick J., Corporal.. 288
Powell, Robert R 366
Powell, Thaddeus, Q. M. Sergeant 372
Powers, William N 380
Pracht, William B., Sergeant.. 129
Prasil, Adolph C 380
Pratt, Douglas L 276
Pratt, Irving H., Sergeant 269
Pratt, Martin 276
Praytor, John G 255
Prentiss, Joseph C 115
Prescott, Austin F., Captain. . . .
.31, 40, 68, 80, 170, 193, 552
Prescott, Sherburn N., Sergeant 171
Presnell, Frank L 255
Preston, Jack P., Corporal 218
Price, Frederic 362
Price, George J 379
Price, Harvey L 362
Price, Richard W 209
Proebstel, Charles 184
Proebstel, Louis, Sergeant...... 171
Provost, Charles F., Saddler... 374
Pryor, Earl A 161
Pryor, Frank A., Corporal 152
Pugh, Percy, Corporal 306
Pullen, Arthur .82. 363
Purdin, Charles 276
Purdom, Arthur F 296
Purdy, Benjamin N 255
Purdy, Edwin P 144
Pursifull, Isaac A., Wagoner... 289
Putnam, Frank T. . 140
Puzey, George 229
Radcliffe, A. L 140
Rader, James M., Wagoner.... 387
Randall, Frank 1 380
Rankin, George W 391
Ransom, Clayton L 96, 340, 604
Rardin, William H . 229
Rasch, Halvor H 276
Rath, Charles J 296
Ratfibun, Charles V . 255
Hosted by
Google
644
INDEX.
PA(4E
Rea, Don P., Corporal 270
Rea, Edward C 391
Reavis, Walter H 340
Redman, Zederiah M.. 116
Reed, Geo-ge F 320
Reed William F 363
Reese, ueorge B.. 391
Reeves, John T 88, 116, 588
Rehnstrom, S. E., First Sergeant 372
Reichwein, G. P. W^. 234
Reid, James J 369
Reid, John v., Corporal 342
Reiling, John I . 184
Rekdahl, Markin 256, 589
Reynolds, Otis A 116
Rice, Eugene F., Corporal 199
Rich, Charles H., Corporal. . .82, 105
Richardson, A. L 276
Rickert, Daniel H., Q. M. Serg.. 384
Richter, Otto 256
Riddle, Edward W....... 140
Riggen, William H 211
Riley, William F., Bugler 387
Riley, William J., Captain 384
Rinard, Daniel A., Corporal..... 386
Ringstrom, Axel 102
Rintoul, James, Jr , Sergeant
Major.... 19, 50, 102
Rittenour, Fred H., Musician... 333
Ritter, Henry J., Wagoner. ..... 220
Ritterspacher, Carl, Reg. Q. M.
Sergeant i . .19, 101
Robbs, Ben F.... 184
Roberts, Asa L., Corporal. 74, 172, 552
Roberts, Don A.. 391
Roberts, Elmer 0 74, 162, 552
Roberts, Wm. H 148
Robertson, Marcus W. 87, 98, 141, 571
Robertson, Thomas D., Corporal 306
Robinson, Ed. A 209
Robinson, Harry H 340
Robinson, Jesse M 277
Robinson, Robert E 340
Robinson, William H 229
Robley, Fred G., Corporal 130
Rockwell, Albert W 209
Rodman, H. C, 277
Rofeno, Frank E 266
fiogers, Bert 229
Rogers, Hugh S., Corporal 105
Roggers, Henry M 368
Rolfe, George E.. 264
Rommel, Edward 83, 116
Rooney, Fred J 256
Rose, George, Musician 132
Roselle, Van R.. 391
Ross, Harry W 320
Rowland, Cunliff 297
Rubart, Charles R 74, 347, 554
PAGE
kuddy, James A 184
Ruedy, Charles W 74, 230, 55^
Ruhl, Charles H 285
Ruof, Ernest 391
Russell, Charles . 149
Russell, William K 380
Rutenic, John C, First Lieuten-
ant 19, 384, 609
Sackett, Dewey W 141
Salisbury, Austin J 96, 277, 604
Saltmarsh, Henry R 297
Sammons, Harold G.. 392
Sampson, Edgar E 74, 257, 554
Sanders, Carlton E 74, 341, 554
Sanders, Guy N.... 74, 341, 554
Sanders, Oliver A 364
Sandoz, Louis H 145
Saunders, Fred A.. 277
Saunders, Paschal M 392
Savage, Charles C 320
Savage, James C 363
Saxton, John G 392
Scanlon, John 116
Schardt, George P.. 257
Schermerhorn, G. M 185
Schinaman, George, Corporal. . . 218
Schloth, Rudolph E., Corporal.. 373
Schmidlin, Albert J :.... 257
Schnell, Henry 363
Schriber, Charles N.. 321
Schroeder, Henry, Sergeant is85
Schwartz, William F.....74, 321, 554
Scott, Frank D.. . . 184
Scott, Harvey R., Musician 153
Scott, Horace R 299
Scott, Louis W... 277
Scott, William B 321
Scully, Eugene, Corporal....... 282
Searcy, William E., Corporal,.
74, 173, 554
Segur, Ernest G 239
Selsor, Leonard H 185
Settle, Walter A.. 392
Shambrook, David R., Sergeant. 129
Shelley, Walter J.. 164
Shepherd, David 116
Sherman, Ray IVI ......284, 366
Sherman, William D . 209
Shircliff, Homer W., Corporal. . 199
Shoemaker, William A, Corporal
245, 536
Shull, Dean E 185
Shulmire, Erwin A 185
Shunk, George W 257
Simmons, Cal. C, Corporal 219
Simmons, Guy D .. .. 116
Simmons, James R., Corporal. . 353
Simpson, Charles L.. 213
Hosted by
Google
INDEX.
645
PAGE
Singleton, James 0 141
Sloan, Willis D 186
Slocum, Harry C, Sergeant 129
Snnall, William J 392
Smelser, Michael C 392
Smiley, Thomas, Corporal 330
Smith, Arthur E 162
Smith, B. F., Jr 230
Smith, Benjamin 117
Smith, Bert J 380
Smith, Burl C 141
Smith, Charlie 192
Smith, Charles R 258
Smith, Charles W 341
Smith, Edward B 321
Smith, Erastus A., Corporal 287
Smith, Forris V 209
Smith, Frank 117
Smith Frank H., Corporal 246
Smith, Frederick T., Corporal... 200
Smith, Gilbert F 98, 230, 592
Smith, George F 141
Smith, George S 346
Smith, Harry W., Musician 246
Smith, Jacob N 74, 209, 545
Smith, Joseph H 277
Smith, Lester P 297
Smith, Louis F 258
Smith, Orr O 381
Smith, Rayi N 231
Smith, Robert E 258
Smith, Rolland E 341
Smith, Thomas J 209
Smith, Walter C, Jr. 341
Smith, William E 322, 588, 594
Smith, Wm. H 141
Smith, William K., Jr., Corporal 271
Snodgrass, James £ 74, 182, 554
Snow, Arthur P 117
Snow, Charles E 392
Snow, Ernest W 117
Snow, Frank A 380
Snyder, George C. L 74, 117, 554
Sorensen, Andreas I., Veterinary
Sergeant 372
Soules, Elmo IVI 186
Southwick, Al. M., Artificer 309
Spearman, Joseph R 392
Spencer, Peter L 277
Spencer, Tobias R 297
Spicer, George W....74, 259, 268, 554
Spierings, Albert 277, 283
Spierings, John 285
Springer, Louis E 297
Spurlock, Harry K 380
St. Clair, Francis M 209
St. Rayner, John H 381
Stacks, Willis R 381
Stanley, George C 145
PAGE
Stanley, Harold G 259
Stansbery, Ernest 282
Stanton, Harold L 60, 259
Stanwood, Franklin 186
Staub, Rudolph R., Corporal... 373
Starmer, George W 145
Starmer, Samuel 142
Stark, Julius, Corporal 331
Starr, Samuel W 297
Stearns, Earl D 2oO
Steele, Robert E 297
Stellmacher, Frank C, Sergeant 287
Stephens, Alfred L 277
Stephens, Charles L 277
Stevens, Roy R 142
Stevens, Wiliard 322
Stewart, Frank B., Sergeant 287
Stiles, Edward E 162
Stillwell, A. J 278
Stillwell, Fred G 262
Stilwell, Jesse E 341
Stimpson, Arthur J., Sergeant.. 305
Stimson, Harry M., Corporal.... 105
Stoddard, Frdd B.. 210
Stokes, George 213
Stone, Ernest L 142
Stone, Lloyd B . 210
Stott, Claude 230
Stranahan, Robert 0 380
Strange, Ferd A., Corporal 130
Strange, Henry A 142
Strawderman, L. V 74, 348, 554
Strayer, Robert L 212
Streda, Albert 210
Street, Edgar A., Corporal 199
Stryker, Guy Q 233
Stuart, William C 118
§"tubling, Arthur C, Sergeant.. 232
Sullivan, Joseph P.. 193
Sullivan, Patsy 259
Summers, George 231
Summers, Owen, Colonel
9, 11, 12, 13,
15, 16, 18, 20, 23, 24, 36, 39, 41,
43, 45, 50, 56, 61, 62, 63, 65, 69,
78, 84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 92, 94, 95,
99, 546, 549, 550, 551, 552, 554,
555, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563,
564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570,
571, 572, 573, 574, 577, 579, 580,
585, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597,
603, 604, 615, 616, 620, 627, 628, 629
Surryhue, Frank W 297
Sutton, Delbert J., Second Lieu-
tenant 52, 79, 242, 269, 552, 554
Sutton, Ross S 142
Swarts, Walter A 322
Sweet, Neal, Corporal 245
Symons, Lo en 0 186
Hosted by
Google
646
INDEX,
PAGE
Taft, Hiland E 187
Taft, Myron L 282
Taylor, Arthur R., Cook 354
Taylor, Frank 261
Taylor, Frank E., Corporal 151
Taylor, George M 162
Taylor, Hayes B ....74, 348, 554
Taylor, Jay E...... 148
Taylor, Seldon W.... 233
Taylor, Smith L 163
Taylor, T. C, President of the
Senate 629
Teatz, Charles 118
Teesdale, John J •■• • ^^^
Telfer, George F., First Lieuten-
ant 19, 40, 48, 55, 79, 329, 552
Terrell, Ralph W., First Lieut.. 303
Terry, William H.. ............ . 187
Thibodeau, Louis C 322
Thiede, Mark E., Farrier 374
Thomas, Charles 142
Thompson, Ernest L 142
Thompson, Frank H 74, 118, 554
Thompson, H. C. 163
Thompson, James C ......... . 187
Thompson, Mark C, Corporal. . . 385
Thompson, Peter ii64
Thompson, William G., Corporal 212
Thornton, Edwin C 77, 260, 554
Thornton, James E., Second
Lieutenant
13, 88, 92, 98, 128, 552, 570, 596
Thornton, Silas W.. : . . . 322
Threlkeld, Walter S 143
Thurber, Arthur C... 118
Thurston, C. A 238
Thurston, Jabez J., Sergeant... 304
Thurston, Samuel R. 163
Tibbets, Cyrus R 163
Tiernan, Charles E 341
Tillman, George 118
Tindall, Gregg 278
Todd, Grover 364
Tompkins, Stephen L 372
Tooze, James H 365
Torbet, Joseph E.. 301
Townsend, Thos C... 322
Tracy, Ernest 364
Trask, Arthur E., Corporal. ... . 332
Travis, Lee M 165
Tremont, Roxie 278
Trill, Wallace G 392
Trumbull, Edw, D 392
Tucker, Thomas 163
Tuffard, Norman E., Trumpeter. 374
Turlayy Harry S., Corporal 105
Turnbull, William F...... 260
Turner, George M., Corporal.... 287
Turner, James 392
PAGE
Turney, Isaac 278
Turpin, John H 323
Tusant, Nelsion J 381
Tuttle, Benjamin B., Adjutant
General of Oregon. 21, 609, 613, 614
Tycer, William O 297
Uglow, John C...... 366
Ulrich, Benjamin F 341
Ungerman, William B....74, 118, 554
Upton, J. H., Musician 282
Urech, Julius 187
Vahl, Emil C 381
Valentine, John A. 231
Van VIeet, Lewis 119
Van Winkle, Roy. 381
Verweyst, Charles L 187
Viereck, Leslie L., Corporal 298
Voight, Thomas . - 381
Vulgamore, A. T... 164
Wade, Benjamin F... 210
Wagner, Charles F., Corporal... 332
Wagner, Henry M 96, 143, 604
Wagner, John F 392
Wagner, John H 143
Wakeley, James W 347
Waldron, George C 298
Walker, Dell E., Sergeant. . 351
Walker, Maurice L., Corporal. . 271
Walker, William 0.. 84, 119
Wallace, Charles W.. ......... .. 298
Wallace, Frank C 146
Wallace, M. K. B 231
Walsch, Frank 193
Walter, Wert D., Artificer..... 382
Wamsley, Charles C. 210
Wann, William 146
Ward, Wiley W 278
Warlen, Gustav, Artificer. . . 374
Warner, Kenneth G.. 278
Warren, John F., Corporal. ..... 33^
Warren, Thomas J., Musician. . . 106
Watson, Alfred P 279
Watson, James O 279
Watson, Walter C, Cook ... 246
Watters, John O 213
Weatherford, T. J 392
Webb, Percy A 143
Weber, Eugene 364
Weber, Frank 231
Weed, Charles J • 283
Weed, Frank E., First Sergeant. 103
Weeks, Frank D 211
Weidman, Louis, Cook... 386
Welch, Azel C. .231
Welch, Harry ....381
Welch, Hiram U., Second Lieut 372
Hosted by
Google
INDEX.
647
PAGE
Wells, Almon V., Corporal 373
Wells, Clarence C, Corporal... 331
Wells, Harry L., Captain
40, 48, 55, 68, 70, 74, 79, 329,
552, 554, 611, 613, 616, 618, 619, 621
Wells, William H 341
Welsh, James J., Corporal 104
Wentworth, Fred 323
Wenworth, Thos 299
Wessburg, John E 210
West, James, Sergeant. .74, 188, 55^
West, Peter F 75, 284
West, Thomas H 381
West, Walter L 392
Westbrook, Fred H., Corporal... 288
Weston, Jasper 119
Wetterbora, Oscar W 279
Weyrick, Harvey 260
Wheeler, Frank E 393
Wheeler, Harry M 195
White, Andrew 381
White, Earl 393
White, James G., Co'poral 105
White, Walter 323
White, William G 164
Whiting, Sandford, Captain and
Assistant Surgeon
19, 20. 37, 48, 100
Whitehead, H. L., Corporal 386
Whitehead, M. R 279
Whitney, Charles A 364
Whitney, Claud A 119
Whitney, John 163
Whittaker, Wesley 163
Whittaker, William, Artificer. . . 153
Wicke, Paul A 381
Wickline, Elza M 210
Wickline, Oliver S 382
Widmer, William W 120
Wigg, George H., Corporal 218
Wight, D. Webster 326
Wilcox, Robert B 143
Wiley, Luther A 301
Willett, (aeorge T., Assistant
Adjutant General O. N. G
610, 611, 612, 613
Williams, Albert 120
Williams, George 164
Williams, Jack 279
Williams, Joseph B 12a
Williamson, S. C. 279
Willis Percy, Major
.12, 13, 19, 43, 50, 56,
57, 62, 63, 6^, 6^, 68, 76, 78, 79,
PAGE
84, 88, 89, 90, 92, 95, 96, 100,
540, 541, 542, 543, 545, 552, 553,
573, 585, 587, 589, 591, 594, 596, 604
WIHoughby, Leon R., Corporal. .153
Wilson, Charles 0 323
Wilson, C. E 188
Wilson, Harry 119
Wilson, Harry A 382
Wilson, Henry C 231
Wilson, Theodore M 382
Wilson, Walter W., Sergeant...
74, 330, 554
Wire, Frank B 301
Wise, Fred B 211
Wise, James C 120
Withington, A. P., Artificer 220
Withrow, Fred 143
Witlock, Julius, Corporal 173
Woelm, Adolph, Musician 334
Wolfe, George N., First Lieuten-
ant 48, 260
Wood, Alpha, Corporal 171
Wood, Dr. Frances, Nurse 22
Wood, James Mel., Ordinance
Officer, O. N. G 611
^A^ood. Silvey 165
Woodruff, Frank 77, 164, 554
Woods, Morton 188
Worrell, Samuel C 298
Worrick, Elmer O., Captain. . . .
36, 52, 53, 59, 60, 68, 303, 552
Wright, Hubert 143
Wright, Joseph S 342
Wusterbarg, Alex. 393
Yoran, George O., Lieutenant
Colonel 12, 13,
16, 17, 18, 41, 48. 64, 72, 78, 84, .
88, 89, 91, 93, 97, 99, 542, 543,
562, 573. 580, 587, 591, 594, 595, 596
Young, Brigham W 393
Young, Edward C 125
Young, George D., Sergeant 373
Young, Harry D 144
Young, Jonathan A., Second
Lieutenant 44, 84, 103, 552
Young, Norris J 382
Zeller, Frederick 382
Zigler, Charles, Corporal 374
Zimmerman, Z., Jr 3S^
Zirka, Henry 342
Zolla-", Henr;- 324
Hosted by
Google
gle