Official report of the ... International Sunday-School Convention

ORGANIZED

SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK

IN NORTH AMERICA

1914-1918

tihvavy of t:he t:heolo0ical ^tminary

PRINCETON . NEW JERSEY

FROM THE LIBRARY OF
ROBERT ELLIOTT SPEER

BV 1505 .16 1918
International Sunday-School
Convention.
^^ Official report of the . . .

JAN 8 195&

ORGANIZED

SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK

IN NORTH AMERICA

1914-1918

Sv

OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE FIFTEENTH

-INTERNATIONAL SUNDAY SCHOOL

ASSOCIATION CONVENTION.

BUFFALO. NEW YORK,

JUNE 19-25. 1918

Edited by

HERBERT H. SMITH

CHICAGO

PUBLISHED BY THE INTERNATIONAL SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION
1516 MALLERS BUILDING

September, 1918

Title Copyrighted

by the

INTERNATIONAL SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION

Editors are free to use contents as will
best further the Sunday School cause.

COMPOSITION, PRESS WORK AND BINDING
THE PRODUCT OF

THE HAMMOND PRESS
W. B. CONKEY Company, Chicago

TO

Mx^. Mavp Jfosfter JSrpner

WHO SERVED EIGHT YEARS AS ELEMENTARY SUPER-
INTENDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL SUNDAY
SCHOOL ASSOCIATION, THIS BOOK IS DEDI-
CATED WITH THE SINCERE APPRECIATION
OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

EDITOR'S WORD

DEPARTMENT heads in charge of various divisions of the pro-
gram at the Buffalo convention were made responsible for
summaries of the addresses delivered, as well as for what further
report of the several conferences it was thought advisable to preserve.
On account of necessary limitation of the size of the book, few
addresses have been published in full, although all the facts contained
have for the most part been retained. The decision to publish a
separate volume to contain in full all of the addresses of the important
educational conferences will account for the comparatively small space
given that department in this report.

Every effort has been put forth to make this book as attractive as
possible. Doubtless material has been omitted which some readers
would have had included; but an editor can only approximate his
endeavor to please everybody. That the suggestions made at the con-
vention may be available to the public as soon as possible, the volume
has been issued with all haste consistent with a well-balanced report.

Herbert H. Smith.
September 12, 1918.

WHAT IS IN THIS BOOK

CHAPTER I PAGE

The Buffalo Con\t£ntion ----_____. 7
Plan of the Buffalo Gathering — Outstanding features —
Sunday School Skyscraper — President Warren's Address —
The Buffalo Committee — Rallies — Exhibits — Conference
Point Banquet.

CHAPTER H

Inspirational Addresses ------18

General Addresses by Dr. W. O. Thompson, Dr. Edgar
Blake, Robert E. Speer, Bishop James Atkins, Miss Margaret
Slattery, Charles S. Whitman, Captain John MacNeill, Dr.
Talcott Williams, J. G. Holdcroft, George H. Trull, Poling
Chang, E. K. Warren, George Innes.

CHAPTER HI
Reports of the General Secretary and Chairman of the Execu-
TWE Committee ------ --___-66

Details of the work of the Association for past four
years, including statistical tables, with plans for the future.

CHAPTER IV
Religious Education ----- 94

Educational Policy of Association — Findings — Addresses
at Educational Conferences.

CHAPTER V
Field Department ---------___ii3

Report of Chairman of Committee and of Superintend-
ent— Summaries of addresses at general and sectional con-
ferences.

CHAPTER VI
Business Department ___________ 129

Report of the department by superintendent — Addresses
at Conferences.

CHAPTER VII
Elementary or Children's Division -------- 143

Report by Chairman and Superintendent of Division —
Children's Division Conferences — Report of Findings Com-
mittee— Summaries of addresses.

5

6

CHAPTER VIII PAGE

Young People's Work -----------191

Report to the convention.

CHAPTER IX
Work Among Adults ------ 199

Report of the Division — Findings — Adult Conference —
O. A. B. C. and Parent Training Section — Home Department
Section — Adult Division Association and Federation Officers
— Home Department Commission Report and Action — O. A.
B. C. Workers — Parent Training.

CHAPTER X
Sunday School Administration --------- 224

Report to Convention by Chairman — Findings of Minis-
ters' Conference — Findings of Secretaries' and Treasurers'
Section — Addresses.

CHAPTER XI
Home Visitation __--_--- 240

Report to the Convention — Home Visitation Conference.

CHAPTER XII
Work Among the Negroes ---------- 254

CHAPTER XIII
Conventions of Other Years ---------- 258

CHAPTER XIV
Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws ------- 265

CHAPTER XV
The Association Finances ---------- 272

CHAPTER XVI
The Official Minutes ----------- 278

Minutes Day by Day— Report of Committee on Findings
and Resolutions— What the Lesson Committee Is Doing —
Some Convention Greetings.

CHAPTER XVH
Official List of Dixkgates ---------- 302

CHAPTER XVIII

Official Register - 318

Index ---------------- 325

CHAPTER I

THE BUFFALO CONVENTION

NEVER before has the International Sunday School Association
held a convention while Canada or the United States was en-
gaged in a great war. It was only natural that the fifteenth
convention, held at Buffalo, N. Y., June 19-25, 1918, should be one marked
by patriotism. Over a year previous, when the United States entered
the war, the Association took a prominent part in marshalling the Sun-
day School and church forces of the nations to support the allies.
From the singing of the Doxology at the opening session in Elmwood
Music Hall until the dying away of the last echo of applause following
the eloquent patriotic oration of Governor Whitman of New York on
the closing evening, the convention was replete with patriotism. Few
speakers in the general sessions failed to show how the Sunday Schools
and all they stand for are linked up in the present world struggle. The
chorus of 400 under the direction of E. O. Excell sang patriotic hj^mns
during the convention with a special effort on the last night when 6,000
persons crowded Broadway Auditorium.

In spite of the fact that the government railway administration had
put into effect higher railway rates nine days before the convention
met, there were 2,014 registered delegates. New York naturally furnished
the greatest group, 901, with Pennsylvania second with 285. Only three
states were not represented by delegates, and every province of Canada
was on the list, as well as Cuba, several South American countries,
India, China, Korea and the Philippines.

Afternoons Devoted to Conference Gatherings

The program was planned so as to give a suitable balance between
the inspirational addresses of the general sessions and the more detailed
talks of the departmental conferences. The morning sessions were in
the main devoted to reports to the entire convention by International
officers and heads of departments, with items of business. After lunch
the delegates separated to attend the departmental conferences in which
they were most interested. Here much of the real work of the conven-
tion was done. Nine churches and the Y. M. C. A. auditorium were
used for these group meetings, one afternoon there being twelve con-
ferences in session at the same time.

8 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

The Buffalo convention as distinguished from preceding meetings
will be known as an "Association" convention. The program was built
on the theory that a large majority of the delegates would be those
who are interested in Sunday School work on a broader plane than
merely their position in the local school. Therefore effort was made
to provide help for the officers of city, county, state and provincial as-
sociations. In the Children's Division, for example, there was worked
out in great detail a series of papers designed to give help of all sorts
to officers of Children's Division committees in associations from the
township up. As a result, this book, containing the gist of these papers,
is really a working manual for Children's Division workers, the only
one yet in print.

Without a doubt the addresses by Professor Walter S. Athearn of
Boston University, chairman of the Educational Department of the In-
ternational Association, presented the most impressive advance sugges-
tion offered at the meeting. So great was the interest in the plans out-
lined by Prof. Athearn that at one of the conferences he addressed the
meeting adjourned from the basement to the main auditorium of the
church and then there was not room for the 1,200 or more persons
who wanted to hear him. The convention program, moreover, had at-
tracted to Buffalo the most distinguished group of college presidents
and other educators that has ever attended a convention of the Inter-
national Association. It was decided by the educational conference
that the addresses given were of such great significance and large in-
terest that they should be published in full, so in this volume they are
greatly abridged. The educational volume is being prepared by Dr.
M. A. Honline, superintendent of the Education Department.

Would Have Church Schools Like Public Schools

Dr. Athearn's thesis concerned the establishment of a series of
church schools to teach religion, paralleling in organization the present
public school system, and proposing that the system could be started
for $10,000,000. He declared that we cannot maintain a Christian
democracy unless we maintain a system of efficient Christian schools.
A program to make effective his suggestions was approved by the con-
vention and will form the basis of a great effort by the International
Association.

Another big vision of future growth of the Association was pre-
sented by Marion Lawrance, General Secretary, when he described the
possibilities of usefulness of a sixteen story building in Chicago as the
home of the International Association. A leaflet containing a descrip-

THE BUFFALO CONVENTION

tion of such a possible building was distributed at the Convention.
This suggestion by Mr. Lawrance reinforces an idea given in 1905 at
the Toronto convention by W. N. Hartshorn. The suggestion is that

© J©]]©

LlBR-AR-Y

the first ten stories be fitted for offices and stores, from the revenue
of which the building could be largely maintained. The upper six
floors are planned for various Sunday School purposes and space not

10 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

needed could be rented to missionary, temperance and similar organi-
zations. On one floor it is suggested there could be organized a Sun-
day School university to give instruction to Sunday School leaders all
the year, as is now^ done at Conference Point for ten days during the
summer. On another floor could be a permanent exhibit of all devices
used in Sunday School v^ork with model rooms for beginners, primary,
etc. A great Sunday School library could also be on this floor. Cata-
logues and other help bearing on Sunday School problems from every
standpoint would here be available. A Sunday School museum with an
art gallery and a chapel for regular services is planned for another floor.
An assembly hall on the top floors, seating 500 persons or more, would
provide a convenient meeting place for hundreds of religious gatherings
in the loop. The suggestion was made by Mr. Lawrance more to crys-
tallize opinion concerning it than with the idea that the building would
be constructed at once. But "Some day this building will be erected."

Ample Budget Endorsed by Convention

Another matter of general interest was the report of the Treasurer
that for the first time in many years the Association had paid all bills
and had money in the bank. The Convention adopted a budget calling
for the expenditure of $150,000 a year for the next four years, divided
among the various divisions and departments.

The Convention unanimously adopted motions changing the name of
the Elementary Division to the Children's Division and the Secondary
to the Young People's Division. These changes were made so that
the name of the division would need no explanation to make its mean-
ing clear to those unacquainted with the departments of Sunday School
work.

E. K. Warren, retiring president of the convention, on the opening
morning addressed the convention in part as follows : "For nearly
fifty years, the study of the Bible for the children and youth of the
continent has been clustered about the same portion of Scripture each
Sabbath. This was brought about by the adoption of the uniform Sun-
day School lessons through the International Sunday School Associa-
tion at the last national convention, which was held in Indianapolis in
1872.

"Some of the strongest men in scholarship and spiritual life, men of
high ability and ripe experience in the ministry, leaders in educational
institutions, editorial writers and laymen who stood high as successful
and practical Sunday School men, with clear spiritual insight, were
chosen as members of the International Lesson Committee. Some

THE BUFFALO CONVENTION 11

changes have been made in this committee at the elections, held at each
of the triennial conventions. All members have been selected from the
choicest men in North America, each of the leading denominations hav-
ing one or more members.

"The best Bible students of America, and of the world, have made
the truths of these lessons so plain and clear, with the concentrated
thought, and the prayers of the millions upon it, that results have been
obtained from the study of the Bible in the Sunday School that have
never been secured before from the Cradle Roll to the Home Depart-
ment, linking up the home with the interests of the church and Sunday
School. Special interest has been concentrated where the needs were
great, and an open door was found or made for service.

"For illustration : Our great advance in temperance reform, and
legislation, owes much to the study of a lesson on temperance, made
possible by a quarterly provision of a temperance lesson, through the
stirring appeals of Frances E. Willard at our Pittsburgh Convention in
1890, when the convention in answer to her plea voted for four tem-
perance lessons each year. This resulted in the temperance education
of a generation of boys and girls, who when they became voters helped
make possible the great temperance victories, which in the last few
years have resulted in making so many of our states dry, and may God
speed the day when with His help we may make America dry.

"Likewise the organized Sunday School class movements are the
fruit of Sunday School Association endeavor. In 1907 the Adult Bible
Class Department of the International Association was begun and in
191 1 the Secondary organized class movement was started. The Sun-
day School Associations are still the great promoters of these organ-
ized class movements, although the standards and programs are strictly
denominational. The teacher training movement that has swept across
the land began in the Illinois Sunday School Association in 1889, was
made part of the International Sunday School Association program in
1903) and since then has been largely supervised by the denominations.
The work of the teacher training department has doubtless had much
to do with our present unprecedented opportunity in the religious edu-
cational world.

"Tt is a remarkable thing that in the ten years since the Louisville
Convention, in 1908, .48,700,000 people have been visited in their homes
under the direction of otir Home Visitation Department. It is esti-
mated that at least half of these were not connected with any church
or Sunday School and that through the home visitation work they have
been placed in touch with the churches of their choice, resulting in the

12 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

addition of thousands of new members to churches and Sunday Schools
throughout the land.

"According to the report of our Superintendent on Negro Work,
there are more Negroes in America than there are Jews in all the
world. Under the consecrated and unselfish leadership of our brother,
W. N. Hartshorn, and our efficient superintendent, Rev. H. C. Lyman,
200 teacher training classes have been organized this year in as many
colleges and seminaries, enrolling nearly 4,000 of the finest young men
and women of the colored race. This work has been going on year
after year and eternity alone will reveal the fruit of the investments
which have been made.

"While we are in this Convention may we all receive a clear vision
of what true preparedness in connection with our Sunday School work
will mean to the childhood and manhood of the world in the im-
mediate future and for all coming time.

"Religion, as well as the civilization of the world, is in the throes of
birth pangs. A new era is before us — behold old things are passing
away. All things will be new. The International Association has been
the forerunner of the great religious democracy that is to be."

Buffalo Committee of One Hundred

The Buffalo committee that had charge of all the local arrange-
ments for the convention was composed of the leading laymen and pas-
tors of the city: B. A. Arnold, Jr., David F, Aitkin, Miss Grace Alex-
ander, Bishop William Burt, David W\ Brundage, Carl A. Burkhardt,
H. C. Babel, George P. Burd, F. T. Bigelow, Dr. T. S. Bagley, William
Bender, Millard S. Burns, Elton H. Beals, Mrs. Philip Becker, Lorenz
E. Beckstein, Senator George B. Burd, Miss Margaret Coote Brown,
Rev. WilHam H. Boocock, Rev. George A. Briggs, G. W. Bartlett, Ben-
jamin H. Bonnar.

Leroy S. Churchill, J. E. Gulp, J. P. Collins, Adam H. Cormack,
Rev. F. H. Coman, W. H. Gaines, Rev. John D. Campbell, H B. Crip-
pen, Dr. Joseph Clark, Marc W. Comstock, D. H. Childs, Percy W.
Darby, W. T. Damon, Mrs. W. T. Damon, George Dorland, N. Loring
Danforth, Lynn L. Davis, Edward Erion, E. D. Emerson, G. M. Eiss,
Dr. Henry P. Emerson, Fred W. Fisher, Rev. Walter Foss, George C.
Finley, E. O. Fisher, Charles A. Freiberg, Rev. B. S. Ferrall, Prof.
Frank S. Fosdick, Christopher G. Grauer, George E. Gowing, Ira W.
Gantt.

A. F. W. Haas, Frederick Henrich, Mrs. Osgood Holland, Mrs.
William R. Heath, Dr. A. W. Hengerer, Rev. Conrad Hassell, C. A.

3 t

gU^f M-O CONVENTION ,9,^

JOHN T ROBERTS ^^^HBEfP' ^ ^^V iHhB ^H^m^Hk.

1*^^ -"-—--- \^*^

THE BUFFALO CONVENTION 13

Harris, Dr. Pliny Harold Hayes, G. H. Hulslander, Rev. H. H. Hub-
bell, jMudley D. Ince, George A. Jackson, W. E. Jackson, Henry Jerge,
James C. Johnson, J. W. Jarvis, Dr. Louis Knell, Hugh Kennedy, John
H. Kennedy, Volney P. Kinne, \Y. L. Kirby, Robert L. Lous, Albert
Laub, S. B. Lindsay, Austin O. Long, R. G. Lord, Rev. \V. W. McCall,
Elliot C. McDougal, Rev. J. Chester Molyneux, Irwin McLean, John
Muntz, Rev. William S. ^litchell, John C. Millar, Capt. C. K. ^Slellen,
H. C. Minard, W. Lawrence Morley.

E. C. Neal, George Ott, Rev. G. W. Orvis, Rev. J. J. Paterson, Mrs.
J. J. Paterson, J. W. Powell, John T Roberts, M. A. Reeb, Horace
Reed, Rev. John W. Ross, G. Barrett Rich, Jr., George F. Rand, Ed-
ward F. Schmidt, Henry Seeger, W. J. Schintzius, Dr. D. B. Stumpf,
William T. Shepard, L. H. Stickle, L. D. Shupe, Rev. H. L. Streich,
Rev. C. McLeod Smith, Ralph E. Smith, George R. Sikes, Rev. John
P. Sala, Eugene Tanke, D. L. Tuttle, Rev. V. J. Tingler, Mrs. Buell
G. Tallman, Albert F. Unholz, Mrs. George F. Underwood, Daniel
Upton, Frederick Vogt, C. H. Woodworth, Arthur Wesp, Rev. W. F.
Wells, A. B. Williams, Rev. L. O. Williams, George W. Wilson, Rev.
Howard M. Wilson, Mrs. W. C. Warren, Miss Mary M. \Vardwell, A.
W. Weaver, A. H. Whitford, Miss Van Zandt, Rev. Paul R. Zwilling.

The convention sermon on the convention motto, "Thy Kingdom
Come," was delivered by Dr. George Caleb Moor of the Baptist Tem-
ple, Brooklyn, N. Y.

The following chapters of this book give some idea of the ad-
dresses and reports of the various divisions and departments. There
were 273 participants on the program, representing many denomina-
tions and a wide range of occupations. Not a few of the conference
speakers were women.

The evangelistic note of Sunday School work was stressed con-
stantly throughout the sessions. The daily morning watch service was
conducted by Dr. E. C. Dargan of Nashville, Tenn.

Rallies for Temperance and Missions

Rousing rallies were held Sunday in the interest of temperance, ad-
dressed by Ex-Governor Patterson of Tennessee, and in the interest of
missions addressed by a number of workers among foreign peoples. At
the latter meeting it v/as proposed that a secretary be established in
Cuba as soon as possible.

The election of Dr. W. O. Thompson as president of the Associa-
tion brought to the head of the Association a trained educator who has
moved from a pastorate through a denominational college presidency

14 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

to the head of the State University of Ohio. (Other officers elected
may be found in the Official Register.) Dr. Thompson in accepting the
presidency wrote Mr. Lawrance :

"Will you please have the kindness to convey to the Convention
my deep appreciation of the honor it has conferred upon me in electing
me President, and to express the hope that the service I may under-
take shall be directed by the Holy Spirit to the glory and praise of our
Lord Jesus Christ.

"May I also express the hope that the Convention shall authorize a
forward looking program for the Sunday Schools of the world. These
are epoch making times in which the whole world is stirred from cen-
ter to circumference. We should make it the greatest period for the
Kingdom ever recorded. Men of all nations and of all faiths are
freely mingling and co-operating on the world's greatest battlefield.
When the victory shall have been won, the work of instructing the
world in righteousness and of winning their lifelong allegiance to the
Master will be greatly needed. The door of opportunity will be opened
as never before. The children and youth now in the Sunday Schools
will be among the chief factors in reconstructing the world. To these
we must now bring the gospel in all its fullness as their preparation for
service in the Kingdom.

"Let us, then, carry forward the work with new enthusiasm and de-
votion. The evangelical, educational and character building work of
the Sunday School teacher was never more vitally related to the
progress of the Kingdom of our Lord and Master. My prayer is that
this great Convention may be anointed for the service to which the
Master may lead us."

Exhibits a Helpful Feature

Thirty-four leading publishers took part in the attractive exhibit of
Sunday School books, equipment and supplies which were displayed
on the second floor of the Convention Hall. This exhibit was unique
in that each publisher and Sunday School supply house exhibited only
the material which was copyrighted, patented or controlled by his in-
stitution, thus saving time to the delegate and expense to the exhibitor
through the elimination of the duplicate material.

Educational, Divisional and Departmental Exhibits were made in
the various conference buildings. These exhibits were prepared with
great care, and were found exceedingly valuable from an educational
standpoint.

The World's Exhibit, under the direction of the World's Sunday

THE BUFFALO CONVENTION 15

School Association, with stereopticon and a choice collection of mate-
rials, equipment and literature representing world-wide Sunday School
work was found upstairs in the Convention Hall, directly opposite the
general exhibit.

A beautiful art exhibit of Bible pictures was on display in the Con-
vention Hall in the room next to the entrance, on the first floor. This
exhibit represented years of preparation, and thousands of dollars in
expense. It was made available for the delegates through the generous
co-operation of the Providence Lithograph Company and the Standard
Publishing Company.

The plan of exhibit observed at Buffalo was entirely satisfactory
and will be repeated at the next convention in Kansas City except that
exhibitors will be allowed to sell their material. The concentrated es-
sence of figures as given in the summary of statistics in this volume
is worth long study by everyone interested in Sunday School work.
The table shows, for example, that during the past four years there
has been a gain of 19,658 Sunday Schools and a gain in enrollment of
pupils and teachers of 2,238,918, or a half million every year. This
fact ought to give heart to members of those denominations whose re-
ports show decreases in Sunday School membership.

The banquet at the Statler hotel of the delegates to world con-
ventions, brought together 300 Sunday School workers who had much
in common through their trips across the water. There were a num-
ber of interesting addresses, and plans were made to attend the World's
convention in Tokio after the war.

Ever since the women on the way to the World convention in Rome
in 1907 became interested in mission work in Algeria a remarkably
pleasant fellowship has existed between the women of Sunday School
associations through the Woman's Algerian Mission Band. The ban-
quet of this organization was to the members one of the high spots
of the Buffalo convention. Mrs. Mar}'^ Foster Bryner was elected
head of the organization.

Conference Point Banquet

The Conference Point banquet was given by the alumni association
and represented the work of the International Training School for
Sundaj'^ School Association Leadership, and the older boys' and the
older girls' camp conferences, providing an opportunity for a reunion
of former students of the school and conferences and also for friends
and persons interested in these enterprises to become better acquainted
with the great work that the International Sunday School Association

16 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

is doing at Conference Point. The toastmaster was Rev. Charles R.
Fisher of California.

Miss Ada Rose Demerest of Chicago, Training School registrar,
spoke on "The Leaders of a Continent." "At Conference Point one
finds inspiration in the fellowship of fine Christian leaders from all
over the continent, in the deep devotional spirit that pervades the
school, and in the play life — inspiration without which a purely educa-
tional program cannot come to its greatest success. The International
Training School was established in 1912 with 144 students in attend-
ance. In 1918, 246 students were enrolled. The student body in these
seven years represents people from forty-three states, eight provinces,
and six countries : South America, Japan, Cuba, Alaska, Egypt and
China. There have been sixty-one graduates from the four-year course,
representing twenty-one states and one province."

Miss Flora Davis of Atlanta, Georgia, took the people in imagina-
tion to the shores of beautiful Lake Geneva, where on the hillside over-
looking the lake just at^ the sunset hour the students gather for de-
votional services. At that hour men of vision give helpful messages
of inspiration and deep devotion.

Sterling L. Williams, Kansas City, Missouri, told something of the
results of the Training School as seen in Missouri, the state that has
for several years sent the largest delegations to the school. Missouri
is convinced that the fact of having such large delegations at Confer-
ence Point is a big factor in the great progress the state has made in
the last few years. At a recent state convention in Missouri banners
were presented to the officers of counties which had reached the front
line standard in efficiency. Three-fourths of these banners were
awarded to counties whose officers were Training School students.

The Camp of the Four-Fold Life for boys between the ages of
sixteen and twenty-two was told by Preston G. Orwig of Philadelphia,
Pa. The whole program of study and activities is based on the
four-fold life plan: Physical, mental, religious, social. It is a place
to train leaders who will go out over all North America to lead the
'teen age boys.

Miss Mary E. Schroeder of Erie, Pa., gave a description of a day
at camp:— the rising bell; the morning set-up exercises; morning dip;
devotions in groups; study periods and problems of leadership train-
ing studied under expert instructors; organized recreation; hillside
vespers; and the night's doings around the camp-fire. She told of the
last night of the camp when each girl builds her own little fire and
lights it from the big fire as a representation of the fact that she

THE BUFFALO CONVENTION 17

goes back into the world and builds her own fire for the inspiration
of others.

W. C. Pearce, dean of the Training School : "The first school was
held at Conference Point in 1912. The property was purchased by-
order of the International Executive Committee in 1914. Since then
wonderful improvements have been made both in the curriculum of
the school and equipment of the grounds : Tipi Wakan and the Coun-
cil Circle in the woods (the older boys' and older girls' club house)
have been built, the Educational Building and the Elementary Build-
ing have been built ; and last 3^ear new property was purchased, the
beautiful Chalmers estate and the Collie property. But there are other
buildings needed, other improvements of many kinds to be made until
Conference Point becomes the great training enterprise of our vision
and a challenge for adequate trained leadership in the Sunday School
Association work of North America."

Kansas City was selected as the place for the Convention of 1922.

The hospital maintained by the Buffalo Committee of One Hundred
cared for a number of patients during the course of the convention,
one of whom was saved much future pain through the discovery of
incipient neuritis.

. The conferences on business and parent training were the first in
the history of the Association.

The convention reporters were M^nro, Munson and Jenkins of
Buffalo.

CHAPTER II

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES

THE SUNDAY SCHOOL AND THE NEW PRO-
GRAM OF THE KINGDOM

By W. O. Thompson,

President, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

THE history of the Sunday School movement emphasizes to us
that its great function has always been the interpretation of the
Scriptures and of religious experience. On the basis of this in-
telligent interpretation, an appeal has been made, first for the response
of the individual to the Christian appeal, and second, the educational
development of the youth in the direction of established Christian char-
acter. This established Christian character has always been regarded as
the most stable asset for civilization. In the midst of the upturnings
and overturnings of this great war, the whole doctrine of values has
been so presented as to reinforce our appreciation of character as the
only remaining asset in the moral and spiritual world.

Never More Co-operation in the World

There never has been such a scheme of co-operative activity as is
now obtaining in the entire war-stricken world. Whether we view
it from the standpoint of the central powers or of the allies, it is
obvious that the co-operative activity of the world is on a larger
scale than ever was contemplated, and reaches from the humblest
to the highest in all these great areas. It involves every problem from
the most elementary processes of production in agriculture, mining,
manufacturing and commerce, on through to the most complex and
gigantic proportions of all organized human activities. This co-opera-
tion is not simply a co-operation of uniformed groups of men, march-
ing and fighting under the orders of single commanders, but it is the
organization of men, women and children in all these lands, everyone
being expected to do his bit and make his contribution to the final
outcome of the war. This co-operative effort has produced a state of
mind, a state of business, a state of fellowship and acquaintance, which
has become revolutionary in its effect upon the world. This may be
conceived as a by-product of the war, but it is the fundamental situa-

18

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 19

tion in society with which the world must deal after the war or the
latter state of society will be much more deplorable than anything we
have known in the past.

Another feature of this world movement is the setting aside of
many traditions, customs and beliefs. The political traditions of all
these countries have been thrown to the winds. The intermingling of
the men and the tying together in sympathy through suffering of the
home communities have set aside many well established customs of
the peoples. In the midst of these experiences the human factor has
been so prominent that people have discovered the finest qualities
in human nature to exist under conditions hitherto unknown. It is a
matter of regret also that the most brutal and coarsest qualities of
society have been equally manifest, and for these reasons there has
been a great overturning in the belief of the world upon many matters
of government, of society, of religion and of the state. This depart-
ure from long established customs has steadily prepared the world
to take up a new view of society and society's needs.

A further consideration is that in the midst of this great co-operative
activity of the world, the largest plans have been developed ever known
to the organization of business, of the state, or of social welfare.
In the conception and development of these plans, there have been
working together the greatest minds and the most courageous hearts
in all the countries of the world. Men have been attracted to these
various forms of service because they furnished an opportunity through
that service to express the noblest impulses of their hearts and to find
employment for the most fertile brain. The love of achievement
has been gratified by the magnitude of the opportunities presented to
men to throw themselves whole-heartedly and without reservation
into what they believe to be a great patriotic service. This experience
is mentioned here as of importance because it lays the foundation for
and develops capacity for a much larger service in the world than has
been hitherto undertaken or believed to be possible. This war has
demonstrated the fact that the day of small things can no longer com-
mand the entire time of an educated world. The hunger for achieve-
ment will not be satisfied, and the oncoming generation, inspired by
the history of achievement by their fathers, will be eager to under-
take a still larger program in the interests of humanity. The fields
of industry, the sphere of the State, the opportunity for the Church,
the place of education, will all be determined by a larger vision of the
needs of humanity as seen in the light of this world-wide experience
in dealing with large enterprises and with great bodies of men.

20 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

It were an easy thing to direct attention to the fact that this
great upheaval of the world has carried the world along the lines of
the essential things in our Christian faith. We have learned not to look
upon our own things, but also upon the things of others. Without
any reference to race or creed or previous customs, every element
represented in this great democracy of ours has come forward with
hearty response to the high idealism of the nation, so aptly expressed
by our President, and this has laid the foundation for some super-
structure in the future, the character of which we must determine in
the very near future.

Church Must Plan Largely

The problem, therefore, to be briefly presented here today, is
whether in view of these remarkable conditions, in which a world
unity is being rapidly developed, the church through her several
agencies will be able to develop a program commensurate to the needs.
It may be well in this connection to remind ourselves that the men who
have been given over to the pursuit of great ideals and of high ideals,
and the development of great plans and the accomplishment of great
achievements, and the nations who have been following these men
in this most remarkable movement will never again content themselves
to drop back to the prosecution of small tasks. This war activity
seems to me, therefore, to be a clarion call to the church, to the
Sunday School, and to Christian men and women of large faith and
wide vision everywhere, to conceive and develop a program of Chris-
tian activity large enough to command the attention of the world
and require the services of the largest hearts and clearest minds and
the most efficient men and women everywhere.

In the development of such a program the Sunday School, as one
of the great organized agencies of Christianity and of the church, will
need to contemplate this larger world of activity and achievement for
which it is stimulating, educating and preparing the youth of the land.
This larger plan becomes the more feasible because the war in this
great world movement has swept aside so many of the barriers that
have separated men and countries and brought them together without
further debate upon some of the great fundamental truths and prin-
ciples on which organized Christianity has been standing all these
years. This International Sunday School Convention /'onld clear up
this international vision of the teaching function, laying o.:t a program
of larger service, and regard itself along with the great foreign
missionary enterprise, as in the vanguard of the Christian conquest of
the world.

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 21

As a matter of fact and of encouragement, it is worth while to
note that in the great vision of world citizenship, the statesmen of the
world have caught their first lesson from the Christian missionary in
foreign lands. He it was first of all who visualized in best possible
form the great doctrine of the brotherhood of man. He it was who
saw the vital necessity of Christian unity with abundant provision for
all the diversion needed in the world. There are three things generally
believed among us. This nation is irrevocably committed to the doc-
trine of the fatherhood of God and the doctrine of the brotherhood
of man. It is steadily coming to believe in the unity of the human
race so long ago announced by St. Paul, the most liberal man of his
day and generation. These three great truths, undergirded by the
doctrine of the world's salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ, con-
stitute the basis of the program on which the great commission an-
nounced by our Lord may be taken the world around with supreme
confidence that the love of God as proclaimed in this gospel will
redeem and maintain a new world wherein dwelleth righteousness.

Whether Christian men and women, whether Sunday School officers
and teachers, whether the ministers and the laymen of all the force
of the world can be brought to understand that this world upheaval is
a divine call for the evangelization of the world, is a question no one
may be willing to answer today, but the world will need to answer
that question or stand responsible for missing the opportunity of the
centuries in sending forward the message and making the kingdoms
of this world become the kingdom of our Lord and of His Christ.
I know of no more important vision, and no more important oppor-
tunity ever presented in the history of the world, and I know of no
time more opportune for an earnest proclamation of the gospel than
this present year. I do not mean, therefore, that the call of God,
which I believe to be in this great world upheaval, should be dated
one, two or five years after the war. It should be dated here and
now and sent forward with all the impetus that the united Christian
hearts of the world can give to the great movement.

In the presence of this great opportunity, it seems to me of vital
importance that we properly interpret the experience through which
the world is passing. I have never seen a day when selfishness in
conduct was more severely rebuked. The ordinary business trans-
actions in the commercial world will be instantly condemned if they
give evidence of profiteering or a selfish desire to take advantage
either of the government or of single individuals. The whole appeal
of the nation now is for generous living, for wholesome living, and

22 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

for liberal service. In the midst of this the whole nation is insisting
that everything shall be set aside that tends toward the destruction
of human efficiency or the dragging down of our best ideals. You
may see traces of this in the more widespread interest in the proper
use of human foods, the attitude toward the use of these foods in
distilled liquors, in the devotion of large numbers of men to tremendous
interest in physical recreation and the physical condition of the soldier.
The attitude of the government has been to encourage every virtue
and discourage every vice. Individuals and organizations alike have
frowned upon many things hitherto favored. All this has been done
in the interest of winning the war, which is professedly a war for the
betterment of humanity. It is time now for the Christian forces of
the world to draw anew the parallel existing between the fundamental
characteristics of democracy and Christianity, and to reveal to the
world that the final goal of humanity, as set out in our best ideals
about democracy, is in perfect accord with the end Christianity would
reach.

A program of this sort requires the kind of faith that believes in
victory and that is itself the victory. It requires a faith that embraces
humanity in its horizon, and a faith that will not shrink at the largest
problems and the most difficult problems that may be presented in
carrying on this great war for righteousness and redemption.

Must Have a Task of Large Outlook

On the other hand, I think it well for us to contemplate the con-
sequences that may follow if we fail at this critical moment to provide
an adequate program of service. As already intimated men deahng
Avith the large things of ordinary affairs will not be content to con-
fine themselves to the mere alphabet of religion. They will want to
see that the church and the Sunday School and all other church or-
ganizations are institutions of real service. They will want to see that
this service projects itself from the individual to the farthest corner
of the earth. No provincial program will make a successful appeal to
the man who has been working for years with a schedule of world
business.

It is for our encouragement that all the provincialism of the
past has been of man's devising. The terms of the gospel have been
world terms. The field is the world. We are not simply to disciple
individuals but we are to baptize the nations, teaching them the com-
mands of the Lord. Thus from the very beginning the world program
has been laid out by our Master. During the centuries gifted souls

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 23

have caught this hea\enly vision but now in these latest days the whole
world, as if by a sudden revolution, has been aroused. The hour of
opportunity has struck. The call is for a thousand million volunteers.
The call comes to every Christian here and in this whole world
around for the pentecostal day in which with one mind and one. spirit
we shall strive together for the progress of the Kingdom. In this
attractive and enchanting service the Sunday School will be one of
the greatest agencies of efficiency. Does it not make its appeal to yoi:
and to me and to every Sunday School teacher in every land of all
the earth for a new consecration, a new organization, and a new
service ? ^\ as there ever a call when Christian unity was more in
demand? And may this great organization now not be the voice
through which the various denominations of Christendom may sound
anew the call of the world, — the call that so graciously has been ring-
ing through the centuries, "Come unto me, all ye that labor and are
heavy laden, and I will give 3'ou rest."

THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE SUNDAY
SCHOOL TO THE WAR

By Dr. Edgar Blake,

Secretary of the Board of Sunday Schools of the Methodist Episcopal

Church

'TpHERE is no organization or institution in America that has made
■*- a larger contribution to the war than the American Sunday
schools ; and I dare say there is no organization or institution which
has been more profoundly affected by the war than the American Sun-
day school. I shall not attempt to go into details as to all of the con-
tributions which our schools have made. I think, had we all the facts
before us with respect to the financial offerings which our schools
have made to the various forms of war work in America, we should
find the amount so vast as to fairly stagger us with surprise. This
morning I received a telegram from Mr. Vickery, of the Armenian
and Syrian Relief Committee, in which he said that the call which
we made for an offering from the Sunday Schools of America on
Christmas Sunday for the relief of the starving and stricken Ar-
menians, resulted in an offering which amounted to about a million
dollars.

The greatest contribution that our schools have made has not been
made in money, it has been made in life. I cannot tell you with abso-

24 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

lute accuracy just how many Sunday School boys we have sent to
the service of the country. I can tell you so conservatively however,
that you may be sure that my statement is well within the facts. Ac-
cording to a very conservative estimate, based upon a careful study
of the facts, the Sunday Schools of America — and by that I mean
the Protestant Sunday Schools — have sent more than a million boys
into the service of our nation on this great continent, — and that in-
cludes Canada; and I think the number would be swelled far beyond
that.

I presume that this contribution of life is the largest single con-
tribution that has been made by any organization or institution in
America ; and I think we have reason to take to ourselves as Sunday
School workers a very just pride in this superb offering. But I think
we have reason to take to ourselves more than a just pride; I think
we have reason to take to ourselves a deep gratitude to God that we
have the resources with which to make so superb a sacrifice as is
represented by this offering.

Sunday School Membership Declines

I made a little study a few days ago and found that the twenty-
eight leading denominations in the United States and Canada had only
about one-fifth of the gains in their membership in 1917 that they had
in 1916. These denominations just barely held their own. Indeed,
with a single exception, every one of those twenty-eight great Prot-
estant denominations either just barely held its own last year in its
Sunday School membership or reported a loss. The secretary of one
of the largest of these great bodies said to me: "Last year, 1917, was
the most disastrous year in the history of the Sunday School work
of our denomination."

If I may use my own church as a horrible example with which to
point a moral, let me say that last year our denomination just barely
held its own in its Sunday School work. This year, from the reports
that have already come to us, there are indications that unless we
can check the losses in our Sunday Schools which have set in, the
Methodist Episcopal Church will show a loss of over 125,000 in its
Sunday School membership this year; we will show a decrease of over
100,000 in our average attendance ; we will show a decrease of nearly
50,000 in our conversions ; we will show a decrease of nearly 40,000
in our accessions to the church from the Sunday School. Now, I don't
believe that we are the only sufferers in this respect. Indeed, my
investigations lead me to think that other denominations are being

DR. W. O. THOMPSON

Elected President International Sunday School Association at

Buffalo Convention

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 25

affected quite as profoundly and as adversely as is our own in this
matter. I think in our American Sunday Schools today we are facing
the most critical period in the history of the Sunday School move-
ment; we are fighting, really, with our backs to the wall.

War Not Sole Cause for Drop

I say that the number of men we have sent out from our Sunday
Schools does not account for the situation. I was visiting a prominent
Sunday School some weeks ago, and in discussing this matter with
the superintendent, he said to me : "We have had a loss this year
of 102 in the average attendance of our school, and this loss has
occurred entirely in our senior and adult departments." He said
further : "We have sent so many boys to the war."

I looked at him a moment and then I said : "Luther, do you really
think so?"

He said : "Oh, yes, I know so."

He was a very prominent business man. I said to him : "You
think that your losses have occurred entirely in your senior and in-
termediate departments?"

"Yes, I know so," he replied.

I said : "Luther, if you did not know anything more about your
business than about your Sunday School, you would go into bank-
ruptcy in short order. You have a mighty fine secretary, and I
have just been over his yearly records. These show that exactly 70
percent of your losses this year have occurred in your intermediate
and elementary departments. The largest percentage of loss, with a
single exception, has occurred in your beginners' department."

He repHed, "You don't mean it?"

I repeated, "That is exactly what your records show."

And that is precisely what our investigation is confirming: That
the losses in Sunday Schools are not confined to the upper departments ;
they cut straight down through the other departments.

I will tell you this : The reason for the present Sunday School
situation, the responsibility for the present situation, is not to be laid
upon our sons at the front but upon our workers at home. We have
become so engrossed in war activities that many of our people, if
they have not quite or altogether forgotten them, have so neglected
their church activities that a slump is upon us all along the line in this
department. It is because the Sunday School is a layman's organiza-
tion that it is the first organization to be profoundly affected by this.

Now, I do not want to be much misunderstood this morning; I do

26 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

not want anyone to infer for a second that anything that I have said
or anj'thing that I may point out or shall say is intended for one
moment to minimize the importance of war activities. God knows we
are in this war, and we are in this war to win, and win we must, and
win we will, God helping us. Now, not one whit less for the winning
of the war, but a vast deal more.

But listen ! What shall it profit, though a nation shall win a war
and lose its own soul in the meantime? While we seek to win the war,
we must not lose America to God. Not one whit less for the winning
of the war, but a vast deal more for the winning of America and the
world to Christ while we are doing it. We can carry on the two at
the same time.

Serious Situation for the Church

It is a very serious situation, not merely for the Sunday School ;
it is a very serious situation for the church of Christ. I know a
great church in which in the last nine years' time the accessions to the
church from the Sunday School outnumber the increase in church
membership of that denomination by more than 300,000; that is to say,
the number of Sunday School scholars who have been contributed
to the membership of that church in the last nine years exceeds the
net increase in church membership of that denomination by more than
300,000. I tell you that anything that vitally affects the Sunday School
is certain to profoundly affect the church of Christ. It is a very
significant thing that the increase in the membership of the churches
of America last year, when we had the Sunday School slump upon us,
fell 200,000 below their increase in 1916. The church of Christ rises
or falls with the Sunday School. Never was there an hour when the
church of Christ was more vitally affected by the efficiency of this
organization than the present hour ; and defeat in the Sunday School,
if continued, spells disaster to the church in America.

Whatever vitally affects the church, profoundly affects the life of
the nation. What has made America what she is today, thank God?
When DeTocqueville was sent to this country in 1881 to investigate
our institutions, he came here at the bidding of the French senate. He
spent some months here and then returned to France and made his re-
port. In his report, DeTocqueville, who has been called the greatest
French statesman in the two senates, said this: "I went at your 1)id-
ding to America. I ascended their mountains, went down their val-
leys, I passed down their thoroughfares of trade, I went into their
commercial markets, into their legislative halls and their judicial courts.

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 27

Sirs, I searched everywhere in vain until I entered the church. It
was there, sirs, as I listened to the soul-equalizing and soul-elevating
principles of the gospel of Christ as they fell from Sabbath to Sab-
bath upon the ears of the waiting multitude, that I learned why
America is great and free and why France is a slave." And the fine
fitness of things was never more superbly spoken than by him in his
report to the French senate. It is the influence of the gospel of Christ
that has made America what she is today.

Listen ! Any weakening of the church, any lessening of her strength,
any decrease of her power, anything that in any way undermines the
influence and power of the church of Christ, simply means striking
a blow at America of more disastrous effect than any Hun could ever
deliver. We must in this hour undergird America with the gospel
of Christ and hold her in the armies of God.

Not Time to Sit Idly By

You say that the business of America is to win the war ! The busi-
ness of America is to win the war, and the first business of America is
to win the war — but listen ! If the morale of our people is to be main-
tained at that pitch where they shall be willing to make the deep sacri-
fices that they are to be called upon to make to win the war, the church
of Christ must not weaken, or that morale will fail. No, this is not a
time to be at ease in Zion ; this is not a time to sit quietly by and
say, "It does not amount to much whether we make progress or no
during the war." The church of Christ, if it merely marks time during
the war, will find itself out of step with time when the war is done.
I would to God, Mr. Secretary Lawrance, if it had not already been
done — that before this convention closes it might send out some ringing
challenge to the Sunday School forces of our nation to make one
great tremendous advance beyond anything we have ever yet dared
to attempt or dreamed of attempting.

When the Germans were making their first drive at Paris, and
their victorious troops had swept across the Alarne, brushed every-
thing aside that lay in their pathway, and Paris seemed destined to
fall, there was one French general whose forces had been in the midst
of the wreckage, who, instead of retreating, sent this message to his
superiors : "My right has been rolled up, my left has been driven
back, my center has been smashed in, and I have ordered an advance
from all directions."

That is what we need in this hour, that is what we need in this
day: When our right has been rolled up and our left has been driven

28 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

back, the time has come to order a great advance from all directions.
So far as I know, there is no body of Christian workers that can con-
tribute quite so much to the strengthening of the morale of the church
and the morale of the nation as this grand body which represents the
Christian youth and maturity of America.

1 did not bring these facts to your attention today to depress you.
If I have done that, forget it. I have brought these facts to your at-
tention that, seeing the situation, we may accept that situation as a
great challenge from God and, accepting it in that spirit, I am fairly
certain that the situation that is now upon us will become the incentive
and the inspiration of one of the greatest forward movements in Sun-
day School and Christian work that America has ever seen.

THE PERSONAL ELEMENT IN CHRISTIAN

WORK

By Robert E. Speer, LL. D.,

Senior Secretary, Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church,

U. S. A.

T X rHEN our Lord called his first disciples he did not offer to make
^ ^ them great or rich or famous, nor did he say at first anything
about making them happier or better men ; he simply offered to make
them useful : "If you will come with me" he said to them, *T will
give you influence, you shall be 'fishers of men.' " There was a won-
derful tribute in that method of appeal to the unselfish capacities of
human nature. Jesus Christ evidently believed that the men to whom
he made this proposition would accept it, and he was not disappointed.
Again and again men achieve even the impossible, under the encour-
agement of Christ's assurance that they can.

Here at the outset he did not bid for men with any of the allure-
ments or motives on which in our modern day we are so often tempted
to think it is necessary to rely. He did not say to these men that they
would become rich men if they would take his way. He did not say
that their names would be known or that their lives Avould be happy
and comfortable. Precisely the contrary. He assured them that if
they came along with him they would find poverty and persecution ;
but also if they came along with him they would be men who should
win their fellow men. With no offer of money or of fame or of any
secondary enticement of any sort whatsoever, with the offer merely of
the opportunity of living, personal service, Jesus Christ got his men
and gave the world its saints.

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 29

This ideal that he held up before the minds of these simple men,
who were his first friends, we know was the deliberately chosen method
of his own life as well. There were no limitations in God that pre-
scribed a particular form to the entire nation. Jesus Christ might
have come into the world on any social level or with any human ad-
vantages that he might have chosen. Indeed, if we had been deter-
mining his ministry and his method for him, we would have chosen
ourselves some definitely different way from that which he chose for
himself.

Three Methods of Changing World

There are three great methods of changing the world and of ac-
complishing desired results on which we depend today, some one of
which or all of which, if we had been assigned Christ's past, we would
most assuredly have chosen. If any man goes out into the world
today to build a better order, to change human life and accomplish
great and longed-for ends, the very first thing that he proposes to do
is to lay his hand on power and legislation, to change the environment
and the conditions of human life, to set in operation those tremendous
forces that the state controls. There are multitudes of men and
women all around us today, not of our fold, who tell us that human
nature is all right, it does not need any inward change, that all that is
necessary is just that the laws of the state should provide a different
condition in which human nature shall unfold. ■ There are others all
around us today — and, alas, they are many times of our own fold — who
believe that nothing great can be achieved without great sums of
money, who even paraphrase the word of God : "Indeed, it is possible
with God, but with money all things are possible." We don't even
start off on any great undertaking today but we make our budget first
and we say : "Yes, this can be done if we get the requisite sums of
money with which to carry it through."

Then we say, if we wish to accomplish results we need, in the lan-
guage of a great prophet, "The conversion to God of the money power,"
and we rely today not on money or wealth but on organizing power.
The great men of every sphere of life in the modern world are men
of organizing skill. The great business world and war itself has be-
come a great organizing scheme. We start out and try to find leaders,
men who know how to adjust and manipulate men, how to adapt things
to the great ends that are to be accomplished.

1 do not say that we do wrong in trying to capture for the kingdom
of God legislature and money and organizing power. But, my friends,

30 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

it is a wonderful thing, as we look back across the years, to see the
Lord Jesus Christ coming into the world to do his great work and to
note that he passed deliberately by every one of the three great meth-
ods of influence upon which you and I have come to rely. He might
have used legislation if he had wanted to ; he might have come as the
son of Caesar, if he had chosen ; he might have made himself a king.
There was a day when they came to make him king by force, but he
went out into the wilderness to escape their hands. He resisted every
force to that end. He might have used money as he pleased. The
cattle on a thousand hills belonged to his Father, and he might have
gathered into his hands all the wealth of the world.

The curious thing is that the only reference Jesus Christ makes
to money is half contemptuous. He never carried any of it, he left
that to the least respected man in his company and when at last he
died, he died with no money at all ; there was not a penny to divide
among his murderers ; the only loot there was was one seamless white
robe that he wore.

As for organizing power, he might have been the master hand of
all history at organizing men. He needed not that anybody should tell
him what was in man, for he himself knew what was there. There
was no man who ever lived that knew men as he knew them, who
could have arranged them as he could have, who for masterful power
could have manipulated all the secret springs of human influence as
he could have. He refused absolutely to do anything of the kind.
Although his disciples pleaded with him again and again, he actually
died at last without having lifted his finger to perpetuate his movement
by organization.

I say the wonderful thing is that Jesus Christ deliberately rejected
all those great methods of human influence and achievements on which
we are accustomed to rely. What did he do instead? He simply
walked to and fro among his fellowmen, telling his ideas about God
and duty, gathering little children up in his arms and speaking very
lovingly about them, opening the doors of the kingdom of Heaven to
the souls of men, telling them what he had seen of truth and calling
them with a voice which all his sheep recognized as the voice of the
Shepherd that they had been waiting for, and at last, between two
thieves, he lays down his life, and that is the end.

I ask you, my friends, was that the end of it? As we look back
across the years now we see that that was only the beginning of it ;
that that quiet figure going to and fro, relying on no human springs

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 31

of influence or power, simply speaking to men about God and opening
his soul to the divine friendship of men, had hold of the most powerful
means of influence that men ever dreamed of. Out of that quiet life,
doing nothing but wielding his personal influence, there poured great
streams of transforming power which have been slowly remaking the
world.

His I^llowers Had No Political Influence

This ideal by which he lived was the ideal by which and for which
he set up his church. He called simple men who did not have any
political influence, who did not possess any power, the weak and the out-
cast of the world, and he gathered them around him and he sent out
those men with nothing in their hands except the truth, with nothing
in their hearts except love, with no weapon whatever except their own
lives, and he sent them out to remake and change the whole world.

As we come to the end of this convention, standing before those
great tragic facts of which Dr. Blake was so lovingly telling us a mo-
ment or two ago, there is only one great lesson we need to learn, and
it is this old central lesson of the life and spirit of our Lord and the
purpose and the mission that he gave to those men.

We all know perfectly well what is said against this ideal of the
use of life alone, — just the naked souls of men and their pure and
untrammeled loyalty, their knowledge and devotion to truth as the one
weapon by which they are to conquer the world. It is said on every
hand, regarding it, that it is all nebulous and intangible. One hears
it every day as he goes up and down among the young men of the land
and tries to call to the great spiritual ministries of humanity, that it is
all nebulous and intangible. You speak to them about being surgeons
and cutting up a human body, about being engineers and building great
buildings or bridges that you can touch with your hands or see with
your eyes, and that seems to them to be an absolutely intelligible and
rational motive; but this business of just going out with your soul,
that you can't see, to another man's soul or a little child's soul, also
that 3^ou can't see, and trying to influence that soul with truth, that
also you can't see or weigh, that seems to men today to be an abso-
lutely unreal and nebulous proposition. I know that there are thou-
sands of young men who are turning away from the Christian ministry
today and from the great fields of unselfish spiritual service just be-
cause these seem to them to be absolutely unreal and intangible and
make no appeal to them over against the great material possibilities of
our modern world.

32 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Or, it is said regarding it on every side, that there is no money in it.
That is a very fatal objection today. I was in a minister's home only
a little while ago, and I was asking the mother of the home what her
boys were going to do. She said, "Well, Mr. Speer, I will tell you
one thing they are not going to do, they are not going to follow their
father into the Christian ministry, there is no adequate financial sup-
port in it."

We know how all across the life of today, if a thing does not
have any substantial, material return in it, it cannot appeal, there is no
monej'' in it. No, there is no money in it. There was none in it at
the beginning. Peter and James and John made nothing out of it.
Oh, there was one of their number that made a little out of it, thirty
pieces of silver, but on the whole it was not a very satisfactory bar-
gain, and he threw his money away and went out and hanged himself.

The Ideal Is Truly Difficult

Or men say once more in regard to it, and we hear it on every
side: "The ideal you propose for us today is an incredibly difficult
one. If I work with things and waste the stuff I can replace it, but
if I work with human lives and mar the stuff I work on I can never
replace it again." It is even so.

Or they say regarding it : "It is the most costly ideal of life." If
a man is to be a lawyer or doctor or business man there will come
strains on his sympathy now and then, but no such strain as will come
upon him if he follows the ideal of Christ, of living by his life, with
his life, for life alone. It is the costliest ideal by which life ever can
be lived. Somebody asked Hogg, the founder of the Polytechnic In-
stitute in London, who had spent three or four hundred thousand
pounds in establishing that great enterprise for the redemption of the
street life of London, "Mr. Hogg, how much did the Institute cost you?"
He replied, "Oh, not very much, simply one man's life-blood." That
was all that the work of our Lord cost him, just one man's life-blood.

The ideal that I am speaking of, the ideal by which Christ lived,
for which he is calling men to strip themselves of everything else on
which they lean and live by, that ideal is the most costly ideal by
which men and women ever have or ever can live, but it is not any
different in that regard from all the best things that there are in life.
Motherhood is the most painful thing there is in the world, and the
motherly education of a child is the most extravagantly costly thing
and form of service that is known in the world. It is the costliest
thing of which men and women can dream, this that I am speaking of :

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 33

That you and I should turn aside now from our reliance on mechanism,
on organization, on any external forms of influence, on money, and
that we should go back, with absolute, complete confidence to the
method which our Lord himself pursued; just taking the love of our
lives, leaning on nothing else and going out to catch men and women
and little boys and girls. These things do hold against this ideal. But
mark, on the other hand, this is the one powerful way of using life
and moulding the world.

The satisfactions that come — there is not a heart in this gathering
this morning that does not know of them — from following in the path-
way in which Christ went, and working naked-handed with the tools
with which Christ worked, are satisfactions with which no gains that
the world can offer can ever compare. It is the enduring and the
abiding use of life. The man who works on material things turns out
a product that cannot survive the short life of those material things;
but the man who does his work as Christ did his, amid the invisible,
he is working on values that last beyond the twilights of time.

All that you and I have built into a child's life, into a human life,
into a great spiritual fiber, that, in the end, is the only reality of human
society; the method of our Lord, so impotent and so futile as it seemed
when he was here, we see now to be the one way of changing and
re-creating the world, and never did we see it more clearly than we see
it this day, for after all life and life alone can remake our world. We
can put into words the new political and social order which must come
after the unmeasured sacrifices of this great struggle, but words can
never bring in that new day. Life has got to be lived into those words
to give meaning and reality to the new order of which we dream. That
new order can come only as new men and women become the citizens
of it, and those new men and women can only be made and found and
won as life goes out from us in their finding and in their making.

What One Individual Did

Joel Stratton goes down the Boston streets at night, and coming
towards him a drunk reels down the gutter, despised by all other
passersby, but Joel Stratton stops and puts his arms around the reeling
figure to steady him a moment, and then the word is uttered that be-
gins a new career : "My friend, Jesus Christ has a better life for you
than this." As the life passes that night in the Boston gutter from
Joel Stratton's soul, John B. Cough becomes no more a reeling dere-
lict down Boston streets, but goes out kindling fires that shall not die
down until their blaze brightens the judgment day. Today, as through

3

34 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

all the years, life must go out of life into men. Today, more than ever
before, that appalling wrecking movement of which Dr. Blake spoke
must be checked, not for our day only, but for the day that comes after
this day, in order that now, in these little lives slipping between our
fingers, the men and women must be clutched and raised up who will
take the places that we are leaving vacant all too fast, and become the
men and women who shall make that new day. Can they be found
except as life finds life?

I say that the one great lesson that you and I need to carry out
from this convention — and would to God we might be made each one
of us a tongue of fire to blaze that lesson across our land today — our
one great need is for life laying hold on life by the life of Christ to the
life of the world.

We have been reading the misleading signs all around us these
days: "Food Will Win the War— Ships Will Win the War— Bonds
Will Win the War." Well, the war cannot be won without food and
ships and bonds ; but what is the food needed for but to feed men, and
the ships but to transport men, and the bonds but to equip and main-
tain men? It is men and only men that can win the war, men and
only men that can build and give life and Hfe alone. By life the Lord
did his work, by life he laid hold on the world's death to lift it up
into the life of God. There is no other method for us today except
his own.

Would that in these last moments, before we pass out, we might
be quiet enough, amid all the tribulations and noise of our inner life,
to give him a chance to call in the same way, to the same motives, by
the same appeals, as in those old days when men heard him say, —
and we surely hear him saying it here and now, — "If you will come
with me, / will make you what I myself have been : A giver of life
to the world, a winner of life to that kingdom which we are to live
and to die to bring in, the kingdom that is righteousness and peace
and joy, the kingdom of the dear Lord who is calling to us again today.

THE BIGGEST THING IN THE WORLD

By Bishop James Atkins

T AM very happy to be at another convention of the International
■*■ Sunday School Association. One of the grounds of this is the
remembrance I have of the life-long benefit which I derived from a
meeting which I attended when I was quite a young man, away back in
1875. I was a delegate, a right young preacher, or threatening to be

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 35

a preacher, at that time. I was there in the company of, and in a
sense in the companionship of a coterie of the greatest men who have
ever worked on the American continent.

There was Dr. Shaw, who served for forty years; there was Dr.
Thomas Gard, a very brilliant man and rapid speaker, and about the
most brilliant speaker I have ever heard, who afterwards went to
California for his health and died there; and there I met Dr. John
Fisk, then a comparatively young man and in the very vigor of his
physical and intellectual life. I also met there H. Clay Trumbull, the
real founder of the Sunday School Times, and B. F. Jacobs, the
founder of the Sunday School lessons, and other wonderful men; and
just by their personality I obtained primarily the great idea of the
Sunday School and its destiny in relation to the church of Jesus Christ ;
and not a day from that day, in 1875, till now has my life and work
been uninfluenced by the pressure brought to bear upon my mind and
heart in association with these mighty men. Now, I doubt whether
any similar convention from that day to this has failed to cause similar
results in the minds and hearts of the younger men and women, upon
whom has been placed the responsibihty of this great work. It is, my
dear friends, the greatest work in the world. I do not hesitate to say
that when I dropped out of the Sunday School editorship and went
into the Episcopacy, I left a great work. I had that work until they
called me into a higher work; but the Sunday School is the greatest
work that Jesus Christ has to do in this world. It alone promulgates
and exemplifies the one doctrine of Jesus Christ by which the King-
dom of God can ever be established in this world.

Jesus himself never intimated that it could ever be done otherwise.
He never intimated, by anything he ever said or did, that there could
be a conversion of an adult generation from sin and unrighteousness,
from the power of Satan to God ; but he did say that it could be done
by a process beginning in childhood and continuing to manhood and
womanhood; that we can take any child and make of it what we will
by God's grace and help. That is the doctrine of Jesus Christ, and it
is the only doctrine of Jesus Christ with reference to the establishment
of the Kingdom of God among men; and we see how natural and nor-
mal it is. If we take hold of the child in due time, he will come to
maturity along the lines of a normal development prescribed by the
ideal unto which he is developed. It must be so. It is the church's
place, therefore, to take hold of the child in the cradle and keep him
in the Kingdom as he comes on up to manhood. That is the greatest
work that the church of Jesus Christ has to do.

36 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

There is another thing that is important in deahng with the Sunday-
School question, and that is that we have skilled workers. There is
nobody else to do it. The importance of the work grows very rapidly.
There is nobody else in the world to prepare skilled workers other than
the Sunday School. The great universities can go to great universities
and get teachers, and the colleges and high schools can do the same,
and all forms of schools for human education can do that; but the
Sunday School must make its own skilled teachers or it cannot possibly
have skilled teachers.

Did you ever stop to think about the fact that the Sunday School
is the biggest thing in the world in its number of purposes and opera-
tions? Did you ever stop to think that all the brotherhoods and sister-
hoods, all forms of fraternities, sororities and lodges, and everything
else put together, all together they are not a drop in the bucket com-
pared with the Sunday School. Take all the teachers that are teaching
all the things in the world, and they are not a drop in the bucket as
compared with the number that are teaching the Sunday School chil-
dren and youths of the world. And another thing I may say to you
here is that the biggest-headed and biggest-hearted people in the
world are those who are working at the Sunday School job.

Germans Trained a Whole Nation

I want to call your attention to the greatest Sunday School lesson
in the world. You will recall very readily a few years ago the twenty-
seven nations that came to be the present united Germany were a home-
loving, home-honoring, home-keeping, tender-hearted folk. Ever since
1871 you have seen the transformation of that country into a universal
military camp, fighting for what? For the subjugation of mankind;
not to the old ideals of the Germans ; not that for which Martin Luther
lived and died; but for the purpose of establishing a kingdom of man
in this world in which we live, in place of a Kingdom of God. I say
this is the greatest Sunday School lesson in the world. And the church
of Jesus Christ can be made what we want it to be. In other words,
we can make it what we want it to be through the help of God, through
an educational system; and if that is not brought to pass; if it is
not brought into that condition, the fault will not lie in the degeneracy
of human nature — let the old theologians say what they please — it
will not lie in the degeneracy of human nature! it will lie in the
degeneracy of fatherhood and motherhood.

There never was such a time as there is right now for Sunday
School workers, in all the history of our nation. This is a most su-

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 37

preme opportunity. In the first place, you are making a generation
right now — this very company of teachers and workers — you are mak-
ing a generation that, within a very few years— I should say from five
to seven years, or, at the outside, from five to ten years — will be in
charge — religiously of the civilization of which we are a part. Now,
what kind are they going to be? The determination lies with you.
Sometimes you will find, no doubt, a superintendent who says : "I
cannot attend to this kind of work because they put more on me than
I can handle." Gentlemen, you are not obliged to do anything that
brings you into conflict with the service of Jesus Christ in dealing with
the generation of which we are a part; and there is, therefore, no ex-
cuse for us, under all our enthusiasm and patriotism and devotion to
the great cause in which we are all engaged, and in which many are
dying ; with due respect and regard for all that, there is no excuse ; we
must take care of the rising generation as a trust committed to our
charge.

There is a deepening sense of self-sacrifice which is the largest hope
of the race. Calling on people here and there and yonder for every-
thing— and it makes self-sacrifice to meet all these demands — yet the
fulness with which our people are meeting them indicates that they
are relishing the opportunity of laying upon so noble and magnificent
an altar the achievements of their past lives. I see coming a qualifi-
cation for men of seeing and realizing the meaning and sacrifice of
Jesus Christ as they never saw and felt it, or could in any other way.
Therefore, we should utilize these opportunitites to bring our young
manhood and womanhood into downright fellowship with Jesus Christ
in his sufferings for the salvation of men.

THE SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE

By Miss Margaret Slattery

TT was a New England day, a glorious New England day, the most
■■■ wonderful thing in the world, an October day. We went out from
the North station. We hurried along by train and you could see
little boats tugging at anchor, wild to be free. After awhile we stopped
at a little town, where I left the train, and in a minute or two I noticed
that all the windows in the cars at the back of the train shot up in-
stantly and out of every window popped a head with a round, white
cap, and a score of boyish voices called out: "What is this town?"
I told them and they laughed a good, hearty laugh. While we stood
there, they began to sing. They did not sing very well. They needed

38 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

a leader. But the words were mighty thrilling. "We are going over;
we are going over, and we won't come back till it's over over there."
And then the train started. Every man took off his hat. Every
woman wished there was something she could do. She could not show
the tears that were her expression of her feeling. We stood on the
platform until the last car was out of sight and we heard the echo:
"Won't come back; won't come back till it's over over there."

Has a Challenge For Us

The first line of defense — glorious, wonderful, incomparable — the
first line of defense. I have no word for it save a word of cheer. I
have no challenge for it. It challenges me. I stood on the sidewalk
and saw this army in khaki and blue pass by and said in my soul :
"What have I ever done in my life that they should go out to die that
a great world may be mine ?" I have no challenge for it ; but I have
a challenge for you. When they walked down Fifth Avenue that day,
in khaki and blue, heads erect, I was interested in them, but I was
more interested in what I saw packed on the steps of a great public
building — five thousand children from ten to twenty, each one with a
flag; and when the men in khaki passed by that great building, all
the five thousand waved their flags and the men in khaki dipped their
colors in response.

I am looking tonight at these two lines, men and women. Look at
the second line of defense, the children and the youths of America ; for
the democracy of the world may be indeed one, but in the days to come,
when the days of the war are passed, alas for Britain and France and
America if, having dearly bought democracy, there are no armies pre-
pared to receive it ; no hearts to understand it ; no consciences great
enough to perpetuate it; no minds large enough to receive it — the sec-
ond line of defense.

There are four groups of people I call upon tonight to stand in
judgment with me in this play, and the first group I call upon I touch
only for a moment, because they are not here in large measure. They
are the business men of America, without whom nothing can ever be
done, upon whose shoulders rest tonight the responsibility for all Amer-
ica is and for all she ever will be. If there is a business man here
tonight, he may shirk his new responsibility, but he cannot escape it.
What the world is, he makes it; what the social conditions are, he
determines ; what the housing problems are, he decides ; what the
hygiene of cities is, rests upon him ; what the politics of the nation
shall be, rests upon his shoulders; whether America profiteers and is

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 39

lost or, self-sacrificing and glorious, goes the way of her first line of
defense, depends absolutely upon him; no church is great enough to
get by the business man of today; no educational system can get past
him ; no woman's clubs can touch him ; no wives or mothers or little
children can ever aspire to anything great unless he will let them. All
that America tonight is rests upon the business man of America, and
all that she is not rests upon his great responsibility.

The Business Man Who Sells His Soul

He is of many kinds. He is the man who, for special privilege, sells
his soul; he is the man whom I hate with all of the hatred of a soul
that longs for justice for childhood; he is the man who profits in
flesh and blood; he is the man who declared in Washington— thank
God there were four who would not declare it — that the child labor
law was unconstitutional, and set free again little 8, 9 and 10 year-
olds to spend their flesh and blood in making gold for him. I see the
long line of heroic and splendid business men who in this hour are
bearing unspeakable burdens, who are struggling, striving and stagger-
ing under weights we cannot understand; there are problems and
perplexities and complexities in this hour that knock out from all busi-
ness its very foundations, and new foundations must be laid — such a
business man I honor with all my soul, with the deepest respect. I
say to these two, as they stand side by side: "You who exploit weak
womanhood, who make a livelihood and more out of the blood of child-
hood, you have no place in a democracy; it is not fair for the honest,
clean, high-minded, splendid and unselfish business man to have to
compete on an equal platform with you."

I am all mixed up economically; I don't know what is essential and
what is not essential, and I don't attempt to judge. But I know there
is one touchstone in America today that solves all problems, and only
one touchstone, and that is "The good of the whole." When that touch-
stone meets a problem it can answer, and it alone. Everybody here
tonight must put himself in line: "For the good of the whole I am
nothing — for the good of the whole I speak or am silent — what special
privilege I represent, what am I, in the presence of the good of the
whole?" '^" ;■ ^'^^^'^^^^

Parents Have Much to Answer For

I summon to my side the parents. Sometimes I envy you, some-
times I pity you. Sometimes I think of you in another way. When I
look at a baby six weeks old and hold it in my arms, I would not be

40 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

you — for none of the reasons you think. I would not be you, I would
not dare to be you, some of you. How do you dare to call into life a
living soul, to endow it with your limitations, physical, mental and
moral? — to send it out to experience joy and happiness, sorrow and
pain, to make it once alive, never to die again? How do you dare, for
your own satisfaction and gratification, to call into life a living soul
and then do with it what some of you do? How do you dare to call
it into life and give it to a wicked city, with health conditions that
are unspeakable? How do you dare let it live in houses not fit for
animals to live in? How do you dare to tolerate the system which
will deprive it of its milk? How do you dare to tolerate for a single
moment a man who last week put half chalk water and half plain
water and sold it for 17 cents a quart, that mixture, to little babies,
when America loses now millions under 17 years of age, and he sent
to their death or into poor, poverty-stricken, weak, anemic lives, the
babyhood of two great wards? How can you live and endure it? Don't
tell me you can't help it. Men can do anything, and also women ; men
and women can do an3^thing in the world they want to, when they
want to do it enough.

Don't tell me men cannot do anything. They can do anything
they want ; and when men do not have clean cities, it is because they
do not want them. When men do not give us the educational system,
secular and religious, that we ought to have, it is not because they
cannot; it is because they do not wish to. We need a revaluation, and
as I stand between the first and second lines, the challenge I send out
to parents tonight is to pay as much for your child's mind and soul
as you pay for the other things in life, and just give them an equal
chance in a perfectly calm, every-day way, in your own home. Give
them thought and the right treatment, for they do not spring up ; they
grow up. They do not happen. They are trained. Don't you dare to
let me hear one of you say a word about the boys of today. I have
heard you say what the boys of today are like. I know their faults
as well as you. I know exactly what the faults of girlhood are today.
Don't tell me that the girls of today are worse than the girls of the
past. If you do not like the American girl of today, you made her.
She is your property, and everything she is, you are responsible for.
You had her when she was six weeks old, and you did not get her
ready to be the girl that she should have been. And what I say of
girls, I say of boys. Let the parents take this challenge home to them-
selves and to their churches, and the rest of your life give to your
child the right to have mind and body and spirit developed.

c

"to

c

3
O
O

C

£
o

c
S

O
O

CO

Z

(L)

(U
D

tn

I

CQ

a
o

CO
CO

<
O

u

en

CO

cn

o

7H
*>

3

CO

-13

C
3
O

>

o

(0
(U
>-l

a

CO

H

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 41

I now call on the next group. I will call on the greatest group of
all. Oh, there is no word in the English language or any other tongue
that I can use to say what I think about them, the most patient, glorious,
self-sacrificing and the most devoted of all. I mean teacher. Teacher
has to do so much. When Johnny's face is dirty, teacher has to wash
it. When Johnny has any trouble or any question whatever, teacher
has to answer it. Alother does not answer it. In the morning mother
passes Johnny over to teacher for five hours a day, and when school
does not keep, she is sorry. I have seen her turn Johnny over to
teacher, and if Johnny did not come out all right, she blamed teacher ;
and she expects teacher to do it on half a living wage and keep up a
high standard of living at that. She gives teacher about one-third of
what they give to the day laborer in the streets. Teacher is supposed
to have a long vacation. Nobody remembers that she is not paid for it,
and she has to stretch her money over July and August and until the
last of September, and there is nobody else in the world who could
stretch their money from June to September and keep out of debt. But
teacher does it.

Church in Action Deserves Praise

I turn to the church. Remember I am calling the church now, not
the minister. He is not the church, in spite of what you want to think.
He is a member of it and a leader of it and he has only the responsi-
bility that belongs to a leader and a member, and you have the rest.
For the church in action I have no criticism. For the church in the
hut, that peddles gum and chocolate and cigarettes and books and food
and every other thing you can ever name, and then, as that man six
weeks ago described to me when he came back, has the boys kneeling
at night, under the roar of guns, — I say I have no challenge for that
church in the hut, it is the church in action. I have no challenge
for the church wearing the Red Cross tonight. I have no challenge
for the church with the canteen ; I have only a rfnging cheer for the
church standing with the girls in the munition factories, doing every-
thing a girl needs to have done for her when she has lost all or is throw-
ing all that she has into devoted service — for at last men and women
are living what they said they believed ; it is religion translated into
action. I give it a cheer. It is not that church I am calling upon.
It is, first of all, the church at home that is little, that is in branches,
that thinks it is the church. Let me say, first of all, that I honor and
love the church. I went into Boston at the end of the Y. M. C. A.
campaign and I took out a list of the names of those who were con-

42 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

nected with the church in some way, and it was a pitiful little bunch
that are not connected with any church that give any money; all the
rest of those connected with the church gave it. I cancelled out all
Red Cross workers who had no church connection whatever, and they
were a pitiful bunch that I could count easily that were struck out,
all the rest had some connection with the church. If you erase the
church you would have left on the American continent not a single
hopeful spot of light to guide through the darkness. I know its faults
and its errors, and I criticise them, for I am in it. No one has a right
to criticise what he thinks is wrong if he stands outside.

I see my splendid second line of defense : One country, one nation,
one flag; and then I turn that splendid second line of defense toward
the church, and what do they see? A broken and divided front, roped
off into partitions, and those behind these partitions looking at the ones
in the other partitions. How can I ask you, warm, glorious, breathing,
full of hope and consecration, how can I ask some of these girls behind
me, to meet definitely the call of the church, when it is a broken front?
Understand me, I love my church, I think my own particular church
is the greatest, the finest, the sanest and the quickest way to God on
earth. I love its splendid democracy, I glory in its history, I would
not be in any other church for anything in the world. If you don't
say the same thing of yours I have no respect for you. That church
that should gather us up and send us on together, why should it be
separated?

Some Men and Women Belong Outside the Church

Do not misunderstand me — I say it as clearly as I can — there are
some men and women who must get out of the church if it is ever to
challenge the second line of defense. I call on them. They are the
men who are snobbish, complacent, contented, self-satisfied and smug.
Let them get out. There is no room for them ; they are the God-com-
missioned defenders of the faith. That is the way they style them-
selves. They sit with their lips tightly pressed together. They listen
for a vocabulary. They listen for phraseology. They listen for words.
If they do not hear the words, they shake their heads. Get out ! God
keeps his faith through the ages. He does not need you to be a de-
fender of the faith. He needs you to be one who lives it, and if you
live it, it won't need any defense at all.

Let me look at the women for a moment, the little women with
shrunken souls and horizons, the women who are satisfied with them-
selves; the priggish woman. Listen, you who are virtuous women I

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 43

You cannot pride yourselves upon that because you never, in all your
lives, have had a chance to be bad; you never had the temperament
that w2iS lured at every call ; you were born with certain tendencies ;
you were sheltered in splendid homes. Get out of the church unless,
with a great mother heart, you can reach out and fight for and love
and accomplish the salvation of the women who are not what you are.
Then the church will come into its own. Let all women get out of the
church who get hurt, who have their feelings hurt. If you have feel-
ings that get hurt, what is the gospel to you ? Other women have died
at the stake. It is not half as hard to have your feelings hurt as it
is to be burned at the stake. You women who belong to the guilds,
but who won't belong to missionary societies; you women who are
interested in home missions, but not in foreign missions. Get out of
the church ! Come you men who are red-blooded and real, who live a
real life, who do not know the meaning of defeat, because God has
helped you and guided you; come on into the church for the sake of
the second line of defense. Come you women who are willing to be
one — not The One, but one — come ! Oh, Church of God, arise ! The
second line of defense is outside the door ! It will not wait.

Gather yourselves together ! Look out upon life as it is today, with
all its temptations, with all its lures, with all its environments, and with
all its great challenges, and then stand up and join together, hand in
hand, forgetting your special names. Stand as they stood at Verdun,
when they looked out and saw the poisonous gas and bombs dropping
at their heads, and say as they said, looking out into all the horror and
challenge and difficulty of it, they said of the enemy "They shall not
pass." In your own little town, if you are only one in a lonely prairie,
get up and say to them "You shall not pass."

" OUR GOD IS MARCHING ON "

By Charles S. Whitman,

Governor of New York

'TpHE fundamental issues of the war have been clearly stated many
■■■ times, and by no one more clearly or forcibly than by the President
of the United States. I apprehend that you will agree with me that
no war between civilized nations is without great underlying causes;
that the destinies of men have been frequently controlled by war and
that every great conflict among nations has determined whether a higher
or a lower philosophy of life shall preside over the future of the human
race.

44 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

This war is nothing more than the ancient conflict of Greek and
Persian upon a broader field. It is a struggle, as it seems to me, to the
death between two radically different and inevitably hostile philoso-
phies of life and of government. May I very briefly point out a few
of the evidences of the impassable gulf which lies between our allies
and ourselves on the one hand and our enemies — and the enemies of
civilization — on the other, all of which are calculated to show that ours
is the will to serve; theirs the will to power?

What the Potsdam Gang Believes

Here are a few of the utterances of the present Germany, not of the
past, unto which the great empire and its people, as well as its rulers,
have committed themselves. Those responsible for these statements,
if not the duly appointed mouthpiece of what Dr. Henry Van Dyke
calls the "Potsdam gang," events have proven them to be the thought
of that gang. Listen. "It is a persistent struggle for position, power
and sovereignty which primarily governs the relation of one nation
to another, and right is respected so far only as it is compatible with
advantage." Page 19, General Bernhardi. "An intellectual and vigor-
ous nation" — page 28 — "can experience no worse destiny than to be
lulled into an insecure existence by the undisputed enjoyment of peace
which weakens any nation or any people."

"Our people" — page zi — "rnust learn to see that the maintenance of
peace never can or never may be the goal of any national policy." But
the end all and the be all of a state is power." Those utterances char-
acterize the policy and practice of Prussian militarism, even though they
may now be disowned by the power that authorized them. Now, listen
to a more poisonous utterance by the mouthpiece of modern German
philosophy, taught in every school, in every university in Germany.
This quotation I take from page 130 of the "Will to Power" of Fred-
erick Nietsche. "Christianity is a degenerative movement, consisting of
all kinds of decaying and excremento elements. It is not the expression
of the downfall of the races. It is from the root, a glomeration of all
the morbid elements which are mutually attractive and which gravitate
to one another. It is therefore the religion of Christ. It is therefore
not a national religion, not determined by race. It appeals to the dis-
inherited everywhere. It consists of a foundation of resentment against
all that is successful and dominant. It is in need of a symbol. The
symbol is the cross. It is in need of a symbol which represents the
domination of everything successful and dominant. It is opposed to
every form of intellectual movement, to all philosophy. It takes up

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 45

the cudgels, the religion of Christ, for idiots, and utters a curse upon
all intellectuality. It is the resentment against those who are gifted,
learned, intellectually independent."

Calls Christianity a Lie

That is the utterance of one of the chief philosophers of the people
who in the words of their mad Kaiser had entered into an alliance,
offensive and defensive, with Almighty God; a partnership between
the Kaiser and the Almighty in which the Almighty is a silent partner.
If that is not enough, listen to this further exposition. "I regard Chris-
tianity," says the great German philosopher, "as the most fatal and
seductive lie that has ever yet existed, as the greatest and most impious
lie. I can discern the lost sprouts and branches of its ideal beneath
every form and disguise. I decline to enter into any compromise of
false position in reference to it. I urge people to declare war upon it.
The morality of people is the measure of all things. That is the most
repugnant thing all degenerative civilization has yet brought into ex-
istence."

Now, ladies and gentlemen, permit me to read a few quotations
from the other side. First is this : "We hold these truths to be self-
evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their
Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, lib-
erty and the pursuit of happiness, and for the support of this declara-
tion, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we
do mutually pledge our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor."

What America Professes

And again from the inaugural address of George Washington, "I
dwell on this prospect with every satisfaction which an ardent love
for my country can inspire. We ought to be no less persuaded that the
propitious smiles of heaven can never be expected on a nation that
utterly disregards rules of order and of right which heaven itself has
ordained and since the preservation of the sacred fire of liberty and the
destiny of the republican model of government are justly considered
as deeply proposed, as finally staked on the experiment entrusted under
God to the hands of the American people."

In the face of the philosophy which has brought the great German
nation to the awful condition in which it stands today, you and I, look-
ing back to the leaders who have made our nation great and kept our
nation great, challenge the truth of the blasphemous doctrine taught on
the other side of the sea.

46 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Out of this awful welter of war which has now drenched the world
in blood for three years and a half, there seem to me to emerge for
the guidance of the American people certain very clear fundamental
principles. First, there can be no peace by adjudication or negotiation.
There can be no peace except by the sword. We are not in war simply
with the mad ruler of Germany and his camp followers ; we are in war
with the whole German empire.

Germans Impregnated with False Ideas

It is time to cease trying to distinguish between the leader and the
led. The German people are impregnated with the false philosophy of
their leaders, and we lose precious time by taking any other view of
the grim business ahead of us. There is just one business now. Noth-
ing else counts. This great nation of ours, with all of its people — we
are devoted to the extent, if necessary, of every business, of every oc-
cupation, of every professional engagement, of everything else — the
business of the United States is to win this war. One or the other of
these conflicting world forces must ultimately triumph. There can be
no peace for the world until the forces of absolutism are forever sub-
jugated. Peace for us at the price of an overwhelming victory is now
the only means for the preservation of civilization.

Your work in the Sunday Schools all over this great land of ours,
all over this great continent of ours, is a never-ending mobilization.
You must conduct the fight at home against illiteracy, against degen-
eracy, crime, avarice, sordid selfishness, treason and the philosophy
which would warrant the murder of women and children to secure a
place in the sun.

Churches Can Help Vision of Future

May I tell you the dream of our future, in which I venture to in-
dulge— I know you do. Nay, I will not call it a dream because you
will make it, in the coming years, an accomplished fact, because the
churches of our land, the great organizations and activities devoted to
the religious welfare of our people, will make it an accomplished fact :
Nowhere in all this land a single sane man, woman or child, of suffi-
cient years, but who can speak and read and write the English lan-
guage ; no dirty, unduly ragged, hungry or physically uncared for child
in any Sunday School or in any community anywhere ; universal recog-
nition that the state has claim upon the citizen ; that every man, woman
and child in the United States belongs to his country all the time and
a systematic military training of our youth so as to give world high-

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 47

waymen reason to pause before they again regard a solemn contract as a
mere scap of paper ; the science of teaching of youth high patriotic ideas,
clean living, fair dealing, disinterested public service, economic inde-
pendence and faith — absolute and undying faith — in the Lord God of
Hosts.

We have sent forth our sons to fight for the things that are eter-
nally and everlastingly right. We have the right as w^e do — and, oh,
how^ we love to sing those words, and, oh, how we love to hear them —
"I have seen Him in the watch fires of the hundred circling camps.
Our God is marching on." And he is, my friends. The men who
are struggling today in the ranks of the allies are struggling for the
things that were taught the world by the peasant of Nazareth. Our God
is marching on. And we have a right to comfort ourselves, as we
send our boys to the sacrifice that may be, that the thing for which
they are struggling and the thing for which they may be called upon
to pay the last full measure of devotion, is a holy thing. We have
sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat. Our God is
marching on.

A MESSAGE FROM THE FRONT

By Captain John MacNeill, D. D.

THERE is a striking paradox in the life of the American people
at the present time. That part of America that is over yonder, in
France, is living all the while at home, and that part of America that is
at home is living largely over seas. I should not be able to tell you
tonight how much and how often the hearts of the men out yonder
turn back to the old homeland ; they wonder what you are doing to-
night; they see you in the house; they picture you in the old home
church; they watch the kiddies go to school; not that they will ever
shrink from their duty; they have gone to do it and they will do it
clear through to the end. But their minds and their hearts go back
again and again to the old familiar scenes, the mist upon the river
and the sun upon the hill. I know that I am speaking tonight to an
audience that is living largely overseas. From the day that the boys
left our shores, our eyes have followed them, our imaginations have
pictured them, our hearts and our hands have reached out through the
vast spaces to touch them, and we would serve them directlj^, if it lay
within our power; and apart from their fathers and their mothers,
their wives and their sweethearts, there are none whose hearts follow
them with warmer interest or more prayerful anxiety than the vast

48 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

^rmy of workers and teachers in all the Sunday Schools of America.
' The Sunday Schools are serving the higher patriotism in creating
and maintaining that idealism without which this whole brutal business
of war for us would sink into the grossest kind of barbarism. I ven-
ture to say that in all the history of young nations there has never
been anything finer than the sublime idealism that sent our men, first
of all, crowding to the colors. In these three years and more there
have been thousands of our youths upon this continent who have
glimpsed something that has carried them completely out of themselves.
In the presenting of this great crisis they have climbed to the awful
verge of manhood within themselves, and through themselves they have
felt the energy supplying the centuries, the first full blossom on the
thorny stem of Time. They went out like the knights of old, following
the Holy Grail. Over and over again I have said to myself, out yon-
der : "Surely they were great fathers who sired the sons ; surely they
were great women who mothered heroes like these." And I want to
say tonight, ladies and gentlemen, that so long as the idealism of these
men shall survive, they are absolutely unconquerable.

It is not alone in the idealism of our men, but the idealism of the
nation, that we see the traces of this great service of the Sunday
Schools of America. In going into the war, your nation and my own
great empire have been utterly disinterested in the conflict and the
sacrifice and the service to which we have dedicated ourselves in this
struggle. Before God we are able to say that we have not wanted
this war. When it is all over, we want no nation's money; we want
no nation's possessions; we covet no nation's territory. We have en-
tered the war with hands that are clean and, please God, we shall
emerge with hands that are clean.

German Triumph Would Mean End of Democracy

That is the idealism that the Sunday Schools of this continent have
been creating for the past three generations; that is the idealism that
is over yonder on the fields of Europe tonight. Let there be no mis-
take; if Germany should win — which God forbid — it will mean the end
of every right relation, of every national idealism, of every inter-
national integrity and of every social decency upon which the whole
fabric of our civilization has been so painfully and anxiously built. In
the event of a German triumph, democracy will vanish from the earth ;
the law of the junker will become the law of nations; man will be the
prey of the stronger neighbor ; woman will be the mere instrument
in the continuation of the breed, the vassal of man's lust and man's

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 49

cruelty ; children will be reared to be the fodder of cannon ; liberty
will be a thing to be knocked on the head if it asserts itself and to be
sent to death if it dares to resist. And from all that there would
be no possibility of appeal and no avenue of escape. No! No! men
and women. Our liberties were purchased on the fields of Europe
and America by the blood of our fathers and, please God, they will
not be sold without the blood of our sons.

I appeal to you, therefore, to continue in that great work to which
you have given yourselves ; in the creation and the maintenance of the
idealism that keeps the heart of this great continent young and free
and strong; and you should make that your contribution to the higher
patriotism of the land.

Let me suggest, in the second place, that in promoting the spirit
of brotherhood, the Sunday Schools of America are serving that
higher patriotism which always exerts principle above party. I am not
now referring to any political party, but I am referring to any element
of sectionalism that may threaten the solidarity of our national and
international relations. The spirit of brotherhood is being created out
yonder at the front in obedience to the great ideals that have been
instilled into the hearts of our youths, and it is one of the great com-
pensations of the war.

Compensations Sure to Come

I beg you to see with the eyes of faith, that out of the great con-
flict there will be some mighty compensations that will be well worth
the price that we have paid for them.

In the last week of February it was my great privilege, through
the courtesy of the American military authorities, to pay a visit to the
American army in the field. I passed from General Pershing's head-
quarters clear up the lines of communication into the front-line trenches
of the sector that they hold. No man — much less a Britisher and a
Canadian — can travel those long miles and meet those thousands of
men without having his heart greatly moved, and without some-
times having wet eyes and a shaking throat ; for I saw in these men the
vanguard of the great host that was behind them. In the marching
of their feet I heard the trampling of the millions that are gathering
so swiftly and surely to our side of the fields of France. I heard again
the old slogan of Lincoln's day: "We are coming, we are coming,
Father Abraham, four hundred thousand strong"; and I knew that it
would not be four hundred thousand, but four million, if need be, and
more.

50 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

The same great spirit of liberty that, one hundred and forty years
ago, drove this nation from the side of Britain to achieve her inde-
pendence— and rightly so — that same great spirit has drawn this nation
back to the side of the old motherland again; and to the Sunday
School workers and teachers of America I would like to make this
appeal : There will fall to your hands, in the next five years, no more
sacred and far-reaching task than to nourish and cherish that great
spirit of brotherhood that has sprung up in the Anglo-Saxon world.
To France, Britain and America — those three great democracies of the
west — there shall be committed the security and the sanction of civ-
ilization for the future; and so long as they stand together, they will
bind the peace of the world.

It Is Ours to See the Dead Have Not Died in Vain

I have not taken away with me many souvenirs of the war ; but
there is one that I should not like to part with. It is the bronze metal
that was struck by the French government in commemoration of the
great stand of the French Army at Verdun.

If you could see it, you would see the representation of the head
of a beautiful girl impersonating and symbolizing the soul and the
spirit of France. Her hair is tumbling down her neck; her steel helmet
is on her head ; the bayonet of her rifle is peeping through the shadow,
and over her head is that memorable phrase, which was the watchword

Don't forget to plan for Go-to-Sunday School Day the
last Sunday of each October.

of the French army all those months : "They shall not pass !" "They
shall not pass !" For months France stood rooted to the ground and
poured out the best of her blood to save liberty for you and for me.

There is a great and sacred trust that has been handed over to the
Christian forces of this continent, and it is this : That the sacrifice of
these illustrious dead shall not be in vain, and that there shall come
great results from the conflict, that will insure the safety and the
peace of the world in generations to come. So in the hearts of the
growing boys and girls, and the young men and women of our gener-
ations, let us sow abroad this great message of brotherhood ; let us at-
tempt to understand our nations better than we understand them now;
let us attempt to understand the spirit and the legacy of every other
nation that is a champion of democracy better than we understand
that spirit and that legacy at the present moment.

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 51

THE ARMENIAN TRAGEDY AND THE SUN-
DAY SCHOOL

By Dr. Talcott Williams,
Director Pulitzer School of Journalism, Columbia University, New York

TOGETHER we have prayed in the past to the God of peace. To-
night we pray to the God of battle, the God of the battle of the
Marne and the God of the battle of Piave, fought this week. And that
battle has given infinite hope to those survivors of the slaughtered Sun-
day School of the Armenians, the Greeks and the Syrians in Bible
lands. As I look over this audience I am aware that there is not one
of you whom, as I speak, does not recall the name of some Sunday
School scholar whom you have known, with whom you have wor-
shipped ; whose lessons you have learned, if it was a teacher ; with
whom you studied your lessons, if you were scholars, whose mother
is not today worshipping the God of battles, ready to give everything,
to make the last supreme sacrifice, for his land and freedom; but I
speak to you Sunday School scholars, whom God in his providence
has appointed in his stead to martyrdom.

Take those who have been slain from England, take those who
have been slain from France, put them together, and they will no more
than equal the million and a quarter — the million and a half — of mar-
tyrs, who, in the last three years, have been slaughtered in Bible lands,
where Christ taught and where Paul preached. The stories of those
massacres you have heard. I shall not enter into their history. I am
not here to speak of those. I might speak myself, as a missionary's
son, of those whom I have known; of the Sunday School scholars by
whom I sat in my father's missionary station, and of whose death, after
hours of torture, I have heard, who were offered their lives if they
would deny Christ; and those boys with whom I laughed and talked,
grown to men of my age, faced death and refused to recant and forget
their Saviour.

Girls Martyrs to Liberty

I might speak of the mothers whom I have known, of the girls
whom I have seen, who have grown to my age and then have wan-
dered over the long stretch of deportation, as far as if the girls of this
city were to start today and tramp from here through Ohio and
Indiana and find themselves at last in the waste lands of the Mississippi.
But I shall not put before you these horrors of the past. I ask you,
instead, to look upon those who have been slaughtered and the two mil-

52 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

lions who remain in hunger and want, their lives filled by bitter mem-
ory. I ask you to think of them as martyrs not only to Christianity,
but to liberty ; for every Armenian and Greek and Syrian who has
fallen has fallen and been stricken because he believed in liberty. They
are part of the gigantic plot by which eager and willing men have been
willing to see twenty millions of men slain on the battlefields that they
might have power and privilege and wealth. These men have died not
because of quarrels between races; they have died not because of
fanaticism; they have not even died because the Turk wished Turkey
to belong only to the Turk. They have fallen due to the plans of the
imperial German government, with whom we are at war. They have
been deliberately put to death because they loved liberty.

The imperial German government determined to remove those who
love liberty throughout the Ottoman Empire; and, therefore, Ar-
menians and Greeks and Syrians have been doomed to death, — eight
or nine hundred thousand Armenians, a hundred or two hundred thou-
sand Syrians and half a million Greeks — and I ask you to remember
that through all this mass there were not alone Christians, but thou-
sands and tens of thousands and hundreds of thousands of Sunday
School scholars, who were taught as you have been taught, who had
read their Bibles and their Testaments, and who were led to death be-
cause they believed in Christ, the Son of God, in whom you believe,
and who died praying to Christ and believing in the God of battles.
Our sons are in the battle line not only to make the world safe for
democracy, but to make the world safe for Christianity through all
the Moslem lands. It is for that great cause that we are battling. It
is in order that men may be safe to hold their own religion that we
are fighting, as well as for the great issue of democracy against autoc-
racy.

Keep Up Armenian Aid

You are feeding half a million Armenians. I beseech you to feed
these people. I beseech you, not only by your gifts, but by your
prayers, day and night, that these children may be preserved ; and I
want you to cry to the God of battles, a God victorious, that he may
make righteousness supreme and punish in his wrath those who did
this thing; and I want to tell you that there is now abundant evidence
that these massacres were planned in Germany; they were "Made in
Germany." It is the purpose of the imperial German government that
there shall be none who believe in liberty. That is a startling asser-
tion. Through the Ottoman Empire they are massacring Armenians

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 53

and Greeks and Syrians, all those who believe in Christ and liberty.
I ask your prayers and your contributions that there still may remain
those who have suffered martyrdom that there may be freedom in
those lands which we are going to save; that after the victory the
churches which have been destroyed may be rebuilt ; the colleges which
have been wasted will be reconstructed ; and the Sunday Schools which
have been scattered will be rebuilt once more and call the roll as in
times past.

WHERE ALL THE CHURCH IS IN SUNDAY
SCHOOL

By J. G. Holdcroft,

Sunday School Secretary for Korea

P ROTESTANT Christianity in Korea is one generation old. In that
■■■ time 250,000 Christians have been won, three self-governing churches
established, which employ 2,700 paid workers, ordained and unordained,
laboring in 2,500 local churches.

But merely to have the people in church and Sunday School is not
sufficient unless they are trained. And so the second period has been
one of organization of those three churches and of their agencies. This
period came into prominence in 1907 and has lasted until the present
day. It has been less thrilling and spectacular than was the period
when hundreds even thousands of souls were crowding to be born
anew, yet it has been of no less importance.

As concerns the Sunday School in particular this period witnessed
four great advance steps.

First : An interdenominational committee for Sunday School work
was organized, which committee is even now developing into a Sunday
School Association. This central committee prepares Sunday School
lesson helps and other literature, aids all churches and missions in
teacher training and in Sunday School organization, and seeks to pro-
mote the welfare of the Sunday School along all lines.

Second: An identical Sunday School standard has been adopted
by all churches. It is not very high as yet, but is a vast improvement
over none at all; and since Koreans like to do everything at once and
all together, it has been widely adopted already.

Third : A host of teachers have been given a knowledge of the first
two requisites for Sunday School teaching, — a knowledge of God and
of his word, as good a knowledge as have our average American
teachers.

54 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Fourth : A real beginning has been made in training leaders in
methods of work : how to conduct a Sunday School and how to impart
that knowledge of God and of his word which they themselves have.

Even this much organization and training has changed our whole
Sunday School life. When this period began, children were only par-
tially separated from adults — twelve-year olds often sat in class with
sixty-year olds. Nevertheless, such progress has been made that in
every center there are schools well organized and carefully graded
which stand as models for outlying churches and are visited, studied
and copied far and wide.

Children Are Being Cared For

This is the children's day in Korea because childhood's rights and
childhood's need are being recognized in the Sunday School. Buildings
are being bought, built or remodeled to provide properly for the chil-
dren and where expense forbids this the whole order of church services
has in many cases been changed to secure an hour when the children
can meet separately. Trained teachers of children are being eagerly
sought, equipment is making its appearance and the whole church is
keenly interested in the new life which has come in the children's
departments.

But more than this : Through the agency of the Sunday School,
the childhood of the nation is beginning to find its way to Him who
said, "Let the little ones come unto me." You may have heard of
Korea's "Heathen Sunday Schools" as they are called. Yet these Sun-
day Schools are Christian in the most glorious sense. They are estab-
lished for children of non-Christian parents, themselves unwilling to
come to Christ but willing that their children should attend Sunday
School not knowing that "a little child shall lead them."

A heathen Sunday School begins anywhere where there is a teacher
with the love of God and the love of children in his heart. It may
begin in the shade of a tree in the summer time or in the home of a
Christian. To it at first come a few little waifs. These are so enthralled
by the story of Christ's love and by the gloriously colored picture rolls
which come, through the benign agency of the Surplus Material De-
partment, that usually the children themselves are the sufficient agents
for bringing other stray bits of humanity with them the next week.

According to government ordinances now issued, all religious in-
struction, even in mission day schools, must cease by 1925. This means
that the Bible must be dropped from the curriculum after that time;
and brings up sharply the problem of religious education in Korea.

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 55

God may have something for us better than our fears but the Sunday
School must be prepared against that day, to step in and conduct this
bibhcal instruction on week days, outside of school hours, for the bind-
ing of these little ones to Christ. That it can be done is well illus-
trated by the remark of one of our leaders whose church day school
had been compelled to disband and who when he saw what a good
Sunday School could do, said : "Had we known the effectiveness of a
thoroughly organized children's Sunday School, we would not have
mourned so over the loss of our day school." Pray for the Sunday
Schools of Korea that they may be prepared against that day. To do
that work we need an adequate religious educational program for
Korea, an organization that will enable us to carry out that program,
and money enough to keep both the organization and the program up to
the highest efficiency — and that is where some of you come in.

LINKING UP SOUTH AMERICA THROUGH
STUDY OF THE BIBLE

By George H. Trull

OOMETIMES the question is raised as to the propriety of Protestant
^ Christians sending missionaries to South America. We can draw
our own conclusions regarding this when we face a few sober facts.

It should be said at the outset that Protestant Christianity does not
go to South America to attack the Roman Catholic Church. It goes
rather to South America to supply what the Roman Catholic Church
has failed to give. For four centuries, the Roman Church has held
sway in South America and today the continent is characterized as
one "without a Bible."

The Roman Church does not teach the Bible in its churches. Reli-
gious instruction consists of the teaching of the catechism and sermons
three or four times a year, attacking Protestantism and free masonry.
No Sunday Schools are established by the Roman Church for the in-
struction of young and old in the word of God. There is no adult Bible
class movement in the Roman Church in all South America. Dr.
Lester, who for thirty-eight years has been a missionary in Chile,
says he doubts if there is a single Bible class in all Chile in the Roman
Church, and I doubt if there is a single Bible class in the Roman
Church in all South America.

Many of the priests themselves are unfamiliar with the Word of
God. A young man, who had been a student for three years in the
Catholic Theological Seminary at La Paz, Bolivia, told a missionary

56 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

that in all that time he had not seen a copy of the Bible. A group of
young men in training for the priesthood in another part of South
America were asked the location of these words, "For God so loved
the world that he gave his only begotten son." Not one of them could
tell. Many of them had never heard the words before.

The priests have proclaimed that the Bible is a dangerous book. In
the city of Bahia, Brazil, they told the people that they might
better receive a rattlesnake than a copy of the Word of God into their
homes. The priests have constantly persecuted those who distributed
the Bible. I visited the prison in Callao, Peru, in which Rev. Francis
Penzotti was confined in a cell known as "the house that kills." He
was imprisoned because he held public services, giving instruction in
the Word of God.

The Roman Church has forbidden the use of the Bible by the people
and numerous instances are on record of where it has been publicly
burned.

The twofold result of all this has been, that among the people of
South America, there is, first, a dense ignorance of the teachings of
the Word of God, and secoii i. in many cases an absolute fear of the
book.

It is amid such conditions that a great mass of South American
childhood is growing up. They are taught that God is an angry judge
who wants to condemn everybody. They are taught that Christ wants
to punish every soul because of his sufferings on the cross, and all
that prevents their being cast into inferno is the pleadings of the Virgin
Mary.

They are taught that the saints should be worshipped and that they
have power to perform miracles. Images in the churches and in the
homes represent these saints. Among the children there is an actual
belief that God dies every year on Good Friday. At Christmas, the
image of Jesus is in their homes and candles burn before it. A mis-
sionary asked a little girl if the small silk dress she was making was
for her doll, "O no, Senora, it is for our little God." (Latin-American
Stories, page 45).

Religion as practiced by the great mass of people of South America,
consists of form and ceremony, and has no relation to the spiritual life.
Children are encouraged to be vain, deceitful, false and even impure.
The principal of a secondary school for boys in one of the leading
countries of South America told me that one of the most difficult
things he encountered was to inculcate in the boys coming from the
best families of the continent, the need of truthfulness.

EDWARD K. WARREN
President Fifteenth International Sunday School Convention

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 57

These are the sober facts that we must face, and you must judge
for yourself whether South America, the continent without a Bible,
needs Protestant Christianity, which ofifers the Word of God.

There is another great group of South American childhood that we
should not forget, and those are the girls and boys among the pagan
Indians of the continent who have never been reached by any mis-
sionary agency. In the Amazon valley alone, in Brazil, there are 373
tribes of Indians, among whom there are no resident missionaries of
Jesus Christ.

Over against this picture of need and opportunity, I want to place
another — the picture of Protestant progress. Dr. Thompson more than
fifty years ago founded the first Methodist Sunday School in South
America. The World's Sunday School Association now has a secre-
tary giving his full time to the work of promoting Sunday School work
throughout the continent. His task is a large one because just one of
the ten republics of South America has an area of 245,000 square miles
bigger than the United Staties, exclusive of Alaska.

In addition to conducting evangelistic services, Mr. Howard has
been establishing standards for efficient Sunday School work and of-
fering recognition for the attainment of such standards. Through his
eflForts, the beginners' Sunday School lessons have been translated into
Spanish, and several books, including "The Elementary Worker and
Plis Work," and "Learning to Teach from the Master Teacher." Twen-
ty teacher training classes have been organized and the new directory
of the local Sunday Schools of Buenos Aires lists eighty Sunday
Schools, six hundred officers and teachers and nearly six thousand
enrollment. Mr. Howard has held several institutes for Sunday School
workers securing co-operation of all evangelical churches, and the re-
sult of his introducing up-to-date American methods is most gratifying.

South America is a continent without a Bible. North America is
a continent exalting the open Bible. The best gift that North America
can give South America is not capital to develop her material re-
sources, but teachers and instructors of her youth in the doctrines of
evangelical Christianity.

NEED AN IDEA FOR A SPEECH?

Read the summary of the address of Robert E. Speer on
page 28. Five minutes or less will start your thoughts going.

58 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

THE SUNDAY SCHOOL AND THE NEW
CHINESE DEMOCRACY

By Poling Chang,
Tientsin, China

THIS is my second visit to this country. Ten years ago I made my
first one. I was appointed by the government as the representa-
tive to the fishery congress at Washington. I came to this country
only last year, September. My stay in this country during these two
visits do not amount to one year. The first time I saw some of the
buildings that were built. I saw the material progress of this country
and the intellectual progress too.

While I was studying in Cokimbia, New York, I suffered, as my
fellow men in New York suffered, the "coalless days," the "heatless
day" and the "wheatless day," and all these '"less" days. I noticed
that the American bore all these patiently. They give me a great im-
pression. I tell you why. Last time when I visit this country our
country was an empire. Now a republic. You know they all say that
a people, a republic, do not possess that essential virtue — what is it —
patriotism, and they say that in the country, in the republican countries,
you do not have good organizations, you do not have anything like
Germany or Japan. While they have organizations like this, they say
"The people of the republican countries are too individualistic." Well,
I had this in my mind : I doubt whether China can be made a republic
country, or not, I doubt. But after I saw this, I notice this: The
people are well trained to be a citizen of a republic. At a time of
need they will serve their country voluntarily. It made me feel that a
republican government must exist in China, must stand in China, be-
cause it will make China strong.

When I saw the American giving their money to the Liberty bond
— great cause — Y. M. C. A., War Savings Stamps and all these kind
of things, I thought, as the people of other nations often think, "Are
the American worshipers of dollars?" No, they give the dollars to gov-
ernment at a time of need. Well, it make me think, too, that if the
people are well trained in this kind of form of government, well, in
time of need they will help the government. But in spite of those
things still I doubt now that this kind of movement simply is to fight
other nations and it may not be the kind of movement that we need in
the ultimate solution of this world problem. Fortunately I have been
asked to attend many conventions. Now I notice that the American

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 59

peoples are not only the people who are willing to help the govern-
ment to fight autocracy, but they are helping the people to understand
the great truth which will ultimately solve the world problem.

When I was in the Chinese navy I thought that what China needed
was men, not a navy. Well, you may say that China had the largest
population in the world. Yes, but we need leaders. What kind? We
need leaders to lead the people to make a new nation. So I resign
from the navy; I start private schools in Tientsin, my native city. I
had some of the American young men, college graduates, who help me
to teach in my school. They were sent by John R. Mott, the Y. M. C.
A. secretary. I admired their enthusiasm, I admired their willingness
to serve, their love. I noticed that. Well, I thought myself that if
I could get Mott's motive force in order to serve my country it would
be a great gain. Well, I ask them "How do you get this?"

They said "We are Christians, we get this idea from Christianity."
I said "No, let me try from the teachings of Confucius, I can get
these from the teachings of Confucius." So I study carefully. I had
studied the work of Confucius when I was a boy, but I didn't under-
stand it. I studied it, but at that time I couldn't get the power. At
that time I saw the corruption of the officials of China because, as I
said, it was an autocracy, they squeezed the people. I thought that this
world was hopeless and helpless. So I got very, very pessimistic, and
I was trying to kill myself even. Fortunately my friends came to
help me, that is, these Americans. They said "If you study Christianity
it will give you new light."

Well, I try to study, and they give me some books about Christianity,
and at .last they give me a book called "The Life,"— the life of Jesus
Christ. Well, I accepted the life, accepted the divinity, but the miracles,
I couldn't believe that. At last a friend of mine, whose brother is here
tonight, Mr. Gailey, Y. M. C. A. secretary, a very tall man, big man.
He said "Oh, John, if you want to understand the teaching of Jesus
Christ you have to pray." I said "I understand prayer, but I don't
believe in it." He said "If you don't believe in prayer you can't un-
derstand." * * * *

I know what China need. Do we need natural resources? No.
You all know that China has abundant natural resources, abundant.
:\ien, labor? No, largest population in the world. What we need?
The light, the truth. The truth make man free, isn't it? Make man
fine. That is right. If we have that we have everything. We must
have power. What power? You may say "Buddhism." No, left
nothing in China except superstition. Confucianism is not diametrical-

60 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

ly opposite to Christianity, but it is different in degree, not in quality,
not in amount, it does not have enough force to make the people. So
we need Christianity.

My object in coming to this country this time is to study educa-
tion, education in the large sense, not only the education of the public
schools but religious education as well. We come here to study your
system of education because we take you as our big brother.

The Sunday Schools have been doing a great deal since the revolu-
tion. Dr. John R. Mott and Mr. Eddy have been going to China to
hold mass meetings, and thousands upon thousands of school boys
joined our Bible classes. Sunday Schools ought to be larger in China
so as to get the news and give the primary and school grades the
news. Mr. Mott and Mr. Eddy give their speeches only to the students
from the high schools, not the primary schools. If the churches and
some organization can -be organized so as to hold Sunday Schools
or Bible classes for their students, then we can do a great deal — be-
cause in China doors are open, the people are willing to learn.

PRESERVING THE SAMARITAN REMNANT

By E. K. Warren,

President International Sunday School Association

T F there are any particular persons on earth whom our Saviour hon-
•*■ ored when he gave the parable of "The Good Samaritan," they are
the Samaritans. That story has been told of that Samaritan from that
time to the present, and will be until the close of this world's history,
the story of brotherhood.

The Samaritans consider me their friend. They are under the
care of a committee of this World's Sunday School Association,
and I happen to be chairman of the committee. They are under
the care of another committee that is proud to do for them and
is trying to do for them. About three years ago we had a census
taken of them — there never had been a census taken of them, and
there were only 163 people in the community, more males than fe-
males. They lived at ancient Shittim, and they observed the Feast of
the Passover on Mount Garizim, just as they did when Joshua took
them across the river and they entered the Promised Land. There
they are. Do you know, the Lord is making good his promise to
Abraham when he took them out of Mesopotamia? They are a wonder-
ful people, whether called "Jew" or "Samaritan." About 2,000 years
ago the northern part became split up because a family split and a

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 61

young man would not pay his father and went his own way, and it
split a great nation into two kingdoms. The northern portion was
taken captive into Assyria. They took prisoners and among them
took the priests. But the priests were soon sent back. That was the
return of the priestly portion of the Samaritans. There they have lived
all the 3,000 years since that, and 1900 years since the talk with the
woman at the well.

When the war broke out and the Turks were in the war, they
drafted all the young men of the Samaritan remnant, twenty-four in
number, who were subject to military duty. It was the first time that
the Turkish government had drafted the holy men. The high priest
wrote me, "Mr. Warren, it is the beginning of the end of our nation.
Can anything be done?"

I at once wrote to Morganthau, the ambassador at Constantinople,
and he replied, "Mr. Warren, they have taken all the holy men, and
nothing can be done." That was nearly four years ago. How many
of those twenty-four young men do you think would be alive two years
after that time? You would say none. Twenty-four of them were
alive. God is working today. My last word in reference to them was

HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

Don't merely turn to the list of delegates to see if your
name is spelled correctly; look the book over with the idea
of marking portions that will most help you. Perhaps the
table of statistics will give you ideas for several addresses,
and two or three items for your state paper. Rapid perusal
of the chapter concerning any division or department will
renew your enthusiasm and stimulate your desire to work.
The book is a mine of information and inspiration. Learn
to turn to it every month at least.

a postal card from Switzerland about a year and a half ago, stating,
"Mr. Warren, the young men you are interested in I saw recently, and
they are well." That was written by a German, I judge, and that is
all he could say. God in his providence is preserving those young
people. They are prepared people ; they have no printed language ;
they are scholars, they are clerks, they write. They have been taken
into the civil service and are the clerks and writers for the Turkish
people. Can He preserve? He will preserve.

62 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

BRINGING IN THE KINGDOM OF GOD

By George Innes,

Secretary Board of Trustees, American University of Cairo

A FEW years ago I was living in a small town in Minnesota. I was
in the banking business, in the lumber business and in the real
estate business. One night, about the close of the year I went to the
bank. I knew what the profits of the lumber business were, because we
had taken inventory and balanced up our business that week; I knew
what the profits of the banking business were because we had figured
up our profits that day; and it did not take long to figure up the land
business. The thing that startled me, was the fact that the profits
were larger than I had estimated they were going to be.

While I was sitting there and soliloquizing, a voice spoke to me,
and I think it was the voice of God — not an audible voice — it spoke
to me and said : "I gave you that." Well, I had not planned for him
to be there that night. "Well," I said, "here is the Lord and he has
made me a nice gift. What will I do? Well," I said, "I will thank
God and then he will go away" ; and I thanked God for this nice gift
and then I said : "The rest is mine. I know where I got the rest. God
did not give me that."

"Well," God said, "yes, but who gave you the power to do it?"
And I said : "Yes, I guess that is right." So by that time the evening
was all spoiled.

Then the Lord spoke on and said : "How many lines of business
are you in?" And I said: "Three."

He said: "Just three? Just those three? Now, think of it; are
you not in any more?"

I said: "No."

The Lord said: "Why are you not in the church business?"

"Oh, yes," I said, "I am in the church business ; I am in the Sunday
School. Oh, yes, I teach a class in Sunday School."

"Well, now," he asked, "what are your dividends in that?"

I said : "There were not any."

"No dividends in your church business?" he asked. "Why," he said,
"you made a profit on your lumber business. You would not run it
unless you did."

"Well," I said, "I don't think there are any in the church business."

"Well," he said, "why do you not run the church business like you
do the banking business and the lumber business, and see what you are
doing?"

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 63

And the Lord spoke to me and said : "There are a lot of people in
this community who are not saved. Why don't you make a list of
them and try to help them?"

"Well," I said, "I will do that." And the first name he gave me
was that of a competitor. He did not make any profession of being
a Christian.

I said : "I don't want to go to my competitor and ask him to be a
Christian. Suppose I leave that name off and get some other name?"

But I was dealing with somebody now with whom I could not
change the equation. So I left it on, and then I thought: "How will
I approach this man?" Then the thought came to me that I had listed
second a man who was employed in my lumber yard and I thought :
Just as soon as I get to my competitor, he will say: "Well, what
about this man who is working for you? Have you spoken to him
yet?" I would have to say: "No." Then my competitor would say:
"Well, why don't you speak to him? He is not a Christian, and he is
working for you." Well, that was the trouble. He was working for
me. That is why I did not want to go to him. You know, friends, I
don't suppose I was much worse than the rest of us; but when we get
actually down to the Lord's system, a lot of these things we think are
inconsistencies, when we get into them, they look like sins, and we
have just got to clean up.

The next day I saw the minister coming down the street — he had
been there about three months — and I called him in and we talked
about the weather and the affairs of the church, and I said to him :
"How are things going?" And he said: "Oh, very well." I asked
him : "Have you ever spoken to that man Charlie, who is working for
me in the yards; have you ever spoken to him about joining the
church ?"

He said: "No, I never have."

"Well," I said, "don't you think you ought to?" He had been there
three months and this fellow had been working for me three years.
Well, the ridiculousness of the thing came over me and I said: "I
think I had better speak to him first." Well, I did speak to him the
next morning. He was startled when I spoke to him. I think if I had
thrown a pail of ice water in his face, he would not have been startled
as much as when I asked him to become a Christian. Isn't it strange
that these fellows who sit alongside of us become startled when we
ask them if they will become Christians?

His lips quivered and he said : "I am not good enough." And

64 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

that is another beauty of the thing. You just have to clean up and
confess.

I remember one -afternoon, coming home from a meeting — we had
prayed with the men, and I think there were about twelve who made
confessions ; I was telling my wife about it, and she said : "Well, that
is fine, but," she said, "do you know I have had a question to ask you,
the last week or so, and I have not had an opportunity of asking you,
and it has been troubling me. Our oldest boy" — who was then about
five years of age — "asked me, the other day, 'Why can't you and
father and me be foreign missionaries?'"

Well, that was a strange question to ask. There I was in business,
getting along all right. There was no reason why I should be a for-
eign missionary. I thought : "How ridiculous of you to take that
question to me. Why didn't you tell him?" But the reason I thought
it was ridiculous was because I was beginning to see it was a little
hard to answer. Do you think each one of you can easily answer a
question as to why you do not go anywhere on this earth that God
might ask you to go?

[As a result of a conference with his wife, Mr. Innes decided to
take a trip around the world and that if the Lord indicated that he
wanted the travelers to stay in a foreign country as missionaries they
would do so, or would at home devote themselves to the Lord's work.]

Well, we made that trip around the world. I do not know that,
had I seen heathenism in all its blackness ; I do not know that, had
I seen it in all its gangrene, that I could have faced these things be-
fore. * * * wz-g came back. We said : "Now, it is not going to
be an easy matter. It is all very well to say: 'You are going to do
so and so'; but it would be quite another matter when the deciding
of the whole situation came up; but it is another m.atter when the
desire to come back comes on you." The only thing was to go on
record. So we told our friends we were going into the missionary
business.

I was raised on a prairie. I used to go to a little white Sunday
School on the hill, a mile and a half away. I owe a lot to the Sunday
School. I remember the Sunday afternoon I left that little church not
to go back again except as a visitor, as I was going away to school;
and I bade good-bye to a young girl who was going to India as a mis-
sionary. She spent seventeen years there and I spent that number of
years in business and school. One day I got a letter from her. It was
in 1907. She told me how happy she was in India. I was commiserating
with her. I thought she had not ought to have gone. Shortly after

INSPIRATIONAL ADDRESSES 65

that I got a letter from a friend, that told me she had died; that a
black smallpox had taken her away. It was only a year after that
when, by God's providence, I found myself in India, and one day I
went up to the place where she lived, among the Himalaya Mountains,
in the valley of the Ganges. I said : "Is it in this place that she
worked — this very desolate place — desolate by sin?" And I rebelled
and said : "Any society that would send any young girl into this
wilderness, that her life should be wasted, did wrong."

That day I took lunch with her friends in the mission, and they
told me about her work. Then they led me out to the school-house
where she had taught, and they asked me there to get up and speak
to some sixty little boys that had come into the village to be taught;
and the teacher said : 'T would like to know how many of these
little children have been brought here by your friend" ; and out of that
little group there were thirty-three who arose, that being one year's
gleaning from seventeen years of harvest ; and I said : "Oh Lord, for-
give me for these seventeen years that are past. I would be glad if
1 could have shown such a result."

"Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth
alone ; but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit." Self -sacrifice will
save the world.

CHAPTER III

REPORTS OF THE GENERAL
SECRETARY

AND CHAIRMAN OF THE EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE

FOR the first time in its history, the International Sunday School
Association Convention as such is held in the Empire State; and
yet, New York was its birthplace.
In the city of New York, in October of 1832, eighty-six years ago,
was held the first National Convention in the United States. It was
a good convention, too. It was the outgrowth of a conference held
in Philadelphia, in May of that year, during an anniversary of the
American Sunday School Union and the General Assembly of the
Presbyterian Church. A resolution was adopted at that preliminary
meeting, recommending that superintendents and teachers throughout
the country give due diligence to consider the obligations of officers
and teachers in the Sunday School. A committee was appointed to
prepare a list of questions covering the entire range of Sunday School
work. There were seventy-eight questions in this "Questionnaire No,
I." The following subjects were among those presented: Organiza-
tion, Discipline, Visiting, Modes of Instruction, Union Question Books,
Libraries, Superintendents, Bible Classes, Adult Classes, etc. Three
hundred answers were received, many of them very full. These re-
plies were bound together in a large volume of twenty-four hundred
pages, which may now be seen in the library of the American Sunday
School Union, at Philadelphia. Questionnaires had not at that time
reached the ad nauseum stage. There were two hundred and twenty
delegates present at that first Convention, representing twenty-four
States and four Territories. The Honorable Theodore Frelinghuyson
was the President.

The story of the intervening eighty-six years from that Convention
to this one would make good reading. It would cover the most im-
portant period of Sunday School growth and development. It is
probable that the Sunday School enrollment of the United States at

66

GENERAL SECRETARY'S REPORT 67

that time was considerably less than a million, for half a century later
it was only eight millions. Within the last quarter of a century the
Sunday School has had a new awakening. It is coming to its own.
There never was such a day as this in the history of Sunday School
work.

Our Association, now International in character, has come to the
fair city of Buffalo to give account of its stewardship for the past
four years — four years that have marked the greatest development of
Sunday School ideals that has ever been known. We also come to
plan for the future.

We are glad to come to the city of Buffalo. Her arms have been
open from the very first, and her welcome is genuine and hearty.
We accept the welcome in the spirit in which it is given, and are
ready to undertake the tasks that await us.

Buffalo Committee Efficient

It is a joy to know such a committee as the one which has arranged
for this Convention. Their names appear in the program and also
the pictures of their Executive Committee. Mr. Leroy S. Churchill,
the honored Chairman of this Committee, is an old-time friend of
your General Secretary, a brother beloved and a prince among men.
This Committee have been strictly "on the job," and have cheerfully
and heartily undertaken to do everything asked of them. They have
not failed in the slightest detail. Some of the very strongest business
men of Buffalo are on this Committee. Their Executive Secretary,
R. George Lord, is a man who gets results ; not so much a man to
bring things "to pass" as to bring things "to stay." He is an inveterate
worker, and altogether a genial and whole-hearted brother.

All credit is due to the Buffalo Committee of One Hundred.

May I say also that one man on this Committee, Mr. C. H. Wood-
worth, is responsible in large measure for my being in the Organized
Sunday School work. When I was obliged to decide between this and
an inviting opening in another line, Mr. Woodworth urged me to
choose this as my life work.

The Buffalo Program

The program for this Convention is built primarily around our
Association. Instead of giving our Departmental Superintendents a
very brief time each in which to report, and filling the program with
miscellaneous topics, we are presenting the Association work as the
foundation of the entire Convention. Our Superintendents will have

68 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

ample time to present their work in an address, besides making a
printed report. This means that we do not have so many participants
as we otherwise would, and yet, while this Convention is really two
days shorter than the one four years ago in Chicago, there are sixty-
six sessions held in all, including conferences, with over two hundred
and fifty participants.

The conferences held during the afternoons are the backbone of
the program. This is where we get down to real work. The main
Convention is for general information and inspiration with great ad-
dresses on Hving themes, but the Conferences are the workshop. The
program of this Convention far surpasses that of any former Inter-
national Convention in its educational features. Professor W. S.
Athearn, our Superintendent of this Department, has, together with
his associate, Professor M. A. Honline, prepared a very strong general
session and eight half-day conferences. These nine meetings alone
would make a strong Convention. It is safe to say that we never
have had so many educators and college men in attendance at an
International Convention. They are drawn here largely by the educa-
tional program.

Theme, "Thy Kingdom Come"

At this moment of the world's history, when an entire continent is
drenched with blood, and nations are fighting for existence, what more
appropriate theme could be selected for this convention? "Thy King-
dom Come" means either the downfall of every other kingdom, or
the bringing of that kingdom into accord with the kingdom of God.
No kingdom can stand on earth that does not conduct itself in accord
with the principles of the kingdom of God. "Thy Kingdom Come"
means the doing away with selfishness on earth ; means the bringing in
of the righteous reign of Christ. We do well at this time to consider
seriously just what this theme means for us in the trying circumstances
in which we find ourselves. Surely our Mrs. Baldwin never made a
better suggestion for anything in her life than when she suggested this
theme for the Buffalo Convention, "THY KINGDOM COME."

The Program Committee

The Program Committee who had the responsibility for arranging
this program is as follows :

Fred A. Wells, Chairman. William N. Dresel.

Marion Lawrance, Secretary. Mrs. Maud Junkin Baldwin.

R. M. Weaver. Walter S. Athearn.

GENERAL SECRETARY'S REPORT 69

William Hamilton. W. C. Pearce.

Henry S. Jacoby. Robert Cashman.

E. K. Warren. John L. Alexander.

Ives L. Harvey. E. W. Halpenny,

W. H. Danforth. Leon C. Palmer.

C. C. Stoll.

This Committee has had a number of meetings, but most of the
work has been done through correspondence on account of the
difficulty in getting together and the expense of travel. It is not an
easy task to get up a program for a convention like this. All the
members of the Committee have rendered service in one way or
another, and the outcome is really a very strong program, as I think
all delegates will agree.

How Work Has Grown

In my first report to an International Convention, at Denver, in
1902, I was obliged to report everything. One stenographer and myself
were the only employed officers of the Association.

Matters have changed since then, and it is no longer necessary,
neither is it proper nor is it possible, for me to report for our Associa-
tion. Our work has become so departmentalized and speciahzed that
it is quite impossible for any one person to keep in vital touch with all
the details.

Instead of one secretary and one stenographer, our work is now
in the hands of twelve specialists, requiring an equal number in the
clerical staff. Our superintendents and secretaries are recognized in
Sunday School circles as thoroughly efficient, because of their splendid
leadership and ability. Each of them will be heard in this Convention,
in address and conference.

This leaves us free to call your attention to the work as a whole
and to some features of special interest, at most only touching the
great field here and there.

In some ways this has been a more difficult convention to arrange
for than any in the past. This is due largely to the fact that the
mind of the people is absorbed in war and related subjects. The
intensity of feeling during these great drives for Liberty Loans, Red
Cross, Y. M. C. A., etc., has made it difficult to focus attention upon
a Sunday School convention. Time and again, when we have had a
speaker lined up whom we were anxious to hear, he has canceled his
engagement to enlist as a soldier or Y. 'M. C. A. secretary, or in some
department of war work. We rejoice that it has been so, for it in-
dicates an interest in our Government and a wholesome determination

70 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

to do our part in this great warfare to make the world safe for
democracy. Every one of us is a soldier or a slacker these days,
and we are glad our Sunday School forces have been among the fore-
most in all of these patriotic enterprises. The advanced railroad rates,
which went into effect June loth, have also upset things mightily ;
nevertheless, God has been with us, and this Convention is a reward
of faith and hard work.

Our Organization and Staff

During the last quadrennium it has been necessary, because of the
rapid enlargement of our work, to reorganize in the interest of effi-
ciency. The following outline of organization, after much considera-
tion, has, therefore, been approved by our Committee, and is in
operation.

The entire work naturally falls under three General Departments,
as follows :

1. Education.

2. Field.

3. Business.

Each of these general departments heads up in a committee com-
posed of specialists along its particular line, together with representa-
tives of all the other departments and divisions represented in carry-
ing out the departmental policies, so that all programs and methods
of procedure are known to the representatives of all phases of the
work before they are put into effect. The Superintendents of these
General Departments are as follows:

I. Educational Superintendent — Prof. Walter S. Athearn.
Prof. M. A. H online. Educational Secretary.

Professor Athearn is holding this place without remuneration only
until we secure a superintendent who can devote his whole time to
the work and be located in the Chicago office. Then Mr. Athearn will
continue as the chairman of the Committee on Education. Our Associa-
tion is to be congratulated upon having at the head of our Depart-
ment of Education a man with the educational standing and vision
of Professor Athearn, and we must do everything in our power to
support him in his work in this department. He has devoted, and is
devoting, great blocks of time to our work, and often at much incon-
venience to himself, because of his deep interest and his faith in the
possibilities of our Association along educational lines.

GENERAL SECRETARY'S REPORT 71

2. Field Superintendent — W. C. Pearce.
E. W. Halpenny, Field Secretary.

Mrs. Mary Foster Bryner, Auxiliary Field Worker.
In the organization of our work, the heaviest burdens have fallen
upon the shoulders of our Mr. Pearce, who has maintained for several
years the double position of superintendent of the Field Department
and of the Adult Division, besides carrying the heavy business end of
the Conference Point enterprise. He has now resigned from the posi-
tion of adult superintendent, but yet his work is far heavier than one
man ought to carry. We are hoping that, with the addition of new
members to our staff, his duties may be somewhat lightened. His
messages ring with fervor and with the impress of his devoted soul.

3. Business Superintendent — Robert Cashtnan.

Mr. Cashman has come into the position of business superintendent
during this quadrennium, and his record fully confirms the wisdom
of the choice.

The Divisions are named after those which are recognized in the
local school and are as follows :

1. Administration.

2. Adult.

3. Secondary.

4. Elementary.

The Administration Division has to do with the general manage-
ment of the school and takes in the work of pastors, superintendents
and other officers and committees. The Adult, Secondary and Elemen-
tary Divisions deal with the work pecuHar to those respective divisions
of the school. The superintendents of these various divisions are as
follows :

1. Administration Superintendent — (Vacant at present. To be

filled soon.)

2. Adult Superintendent — (Vacant at present. To be filled soon.)

3. Secondary Superintendent — John L. Alexander.
R. A. Waite, Associate Superintendent.

Mr. Alexander is recognized in Sunday School circles as perhaps
the leading representative of Secondary work in the field. Certainly
no one has made a greater contribution than he to the work among
boys and girls.

4. Elementary Superintendent— Mr.?. Maud Junkin Baldwin.

Mrs. Baldwin has won her way into the hearts of the Elementary
workers throughout the field, and is an adept for building great com-
prehensive programs for her division. It is no wonder that the Elemen-

72 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

tary Division is maintaining its record of the past and enlarging its
work at the same time.

In addition to the above, there are certain features of the work
which may be called special divisions, but which really fall either
under Education or Field, or both. Two of these are :

Home Visitation, under the direction of /. Shreve Durham, and
Work Among the Negroes, under the direction of Rev. Homer C.
Lym^n.

The Association is to be congratulated upon this splendid corps of
workers. If our plans carry out and conditions permit, it will be
materially increased in number within the next year.

No less faithful than those mentioned above are the members of
our Clerical Staff in the office, whose names we gladly present herewith :

Mrs. S. A. Wilson. Miss Mabel Reuther.

Miss Ada Rose Demerest. Mrs. Electa M. Switzer.

Miss Irene Startup. Miss Mabel Smutz.

Miss Esther Startup. Miss Anna Schrader.

Miss Laura L. Oldenburg. Miss Elizabeth Rohden.

Miss Laura Miller. Miss Georgia Siverling.

Miss Jeanette Marshall. Mr. Fred Lentzen.

Miss Anna Holmquist.

Quite a number of changes have taken place during the past
quadrennium in our International Staff.

Mrs. Zillah Foster Stevens, Temperance Superintendent, died Decem-
ber 3, 1915, and her place has not been filled.

Mrs. Mary Foster Bryner, our Elementary Superintendent, with-
drew from that position in January, 1917, and Mrs. Maud Junkin
Baldwin was secured in her place. Mrs. Bryner, however, has con-
tinued as Auxiliary Field Worker.

Dr. William A. Brown was given leave of absence this spring for
a year to engage in the great campaign of the Methodist Episcopal
Church. We are hoping he may return to us later on.

Mr. Joseph L. Garvin became connected with the Business Depart-
ment on September i, 1917, and did good work in the field, making
friends for the Association wherever he went. On April i, 1918, he
severed his connection with us to take up religious work in the
army camps.

Additions to the Staff

Mr. R. H. Waite came to us in the spring of 1917, to be associated
with Mr. Alexander in the Secondary Division. His coming was made
possible through the generosity of Wm. H. Danforth. Mr. Waite's

FRED A. WELLS
Chairman International Executive Committee

GENERAL SECRETARY'S REPORT 73

large experience with the Boys' work of the Y. M. C. A. and also in
the pastorate, fits him admirably for the position he holds. His work
has to do chiefly with the Boys' Section of the Secondary Division.

Prof. M. A. Honline, of Bonbrake Theological Seminary, Dayton,
Ohio, was added to the staff this spring, giving us one-half of his
time. Professor Honline has given his life to religious education. He
is a thorough student and educator, and an extremely valuable addi-
tion to our staff.

Mr. E. W. Halpenny was elected to our staff last February by the
Executive Committee and began his service on half time the first of
April. As soon as his definite engagements in Toronto are ended,
which will be early in the fall, he will devote his entire time to the
International work. This good Canadian brother is a valuable addi-
tion to our working force and comes with the experience of three
successful secretaryships in the Province of Quebec, in Indiana, and
the Province of Ontario.

Mr. A. L. Aderton, Business Manager of the New York Sunday
School Association, comes to us the first of July as assistant in the
Business Department. Mr. Aderton is a thorough business man and
well qualified to take up the work of the position to which he is called.

An Administration Superintendent has been authorized by our
Executive Committee. The salary for an administration superintendent
has been generously guaranteed by Mr. and Mrs. J. L. Free, of Cleve-
land, Ohio. Mr. Free is a member of our International Committee and
deeply interested in the work of our Association.

An Adult Superintendent has also been authorized by our Inter-
national Committee and will be added to the staff, probably by the
early fall, or before.

A Woman Associate Superintendent of the Secondary Division has
also been authorized and will probably be added before long.

An Additional Field Secretary hasi been authorized by the Com-
mittee with the hope that he may take up the work in the early fall.

In addition to the staff we already have and to those in prospect
mentioned above, we are hoping, as soon as we can find the proper
persons and our finances will justify, to add the following workers :

1. An Educational Superintendent who can devote his full time to
the work and have his ofiice at the headquarters, operating under
Professor Atheam, who remains as the chairman of our Educational
Department.

2. Several Educational Secretaries on part time for research pur-
poses, under the direction of Professor Athearn.

74 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

3. A Secretary for Mexico.

4. A Secretary for the West Indies and Central America.

5. A Temperance Superintendent. Our temperance work is now
carried on through the divisions of the Association and is adapted
to the various departments of the school. A really strong temperance
program is being carried out, but for the purpose of promoting the
temperance program of our Education Department, we need a tem-
perance specialist.

6. Missionary Superintendent. Our missionary work is carried
on as the temperance work is — through the divisions — and it is effec-
tively done. The missionary policies are recognized as a part of the
Educational program, which is made up by the Committee on Educa-
tion in conferences with representatives from all of our divisions
and departments. We need a missionary superintendent for promotion
purposes.

Several Field Workers. We could use at least half a dozen addi-
tional field workers. Our territory is so large and the needs so
varied that it is impossible for us to do more than a fraction of what
is in our minds and hearts to do. We can only accept a small
portion of the invitations that come to us for help. Occasionally,
through a change of secretaries or for other reasons, the work lapses
here and there. We ought to be able to throw one or two good
workers into such a field to put it upon its feet again and start it on
its way.

Financially "Over the Top"

For the first time in many years we are able to report at an Inter-
national Convention, that all bills are paid and that we have no deficits
of any kind. Every contribution made to our Association for a
specific purpose is held in a sacred fund, with the cash on hand in
the bank. Very much of the credit for this happy state is due to our
business manager, Robert Cashman, who, though a young man, has
developed remarkable ability in administering the business and financial
features of our Association. We sincerely thank the many friends
who have helped us.

We have much occasion for rejoicing and gratitude to God. A
year ago we had an eleven thousand dollar note in the bank with several
thousand dollars of fund-deficits. These are all wiped away, and we
face the future full of hope and courage and ready to undertake a
much larger work than ever in the past.

Our annual budget for the quadrennium just closed was about

GENERAL SECRETARY'S REPORT 75

$75,000, though our reports show that the average amount of money
that has passed through our treasury has been $85,000 per year.

Now we are coming to you with a very largely increased budget.
Our Board of Trustees have suggested a budget of $150,000 a year, for
the next four years. This budget is based upon the present and actual
needs of our field, and has been worked out with care and accuracy.
It has been passed on to our new Executive Committee for their
approval, and then to this Convention for its endorsement. We have
every faith to believe that you will approve it when it is presented.

It is understood that this budget is to provide, first of all, for the
maintenance of our present work, and that all enlargements and new
departments are to be taken on only as we have the money with which
to do the work. For your information, we submit below the proposed
budget :

General Administration $ 10,000

Field Administration 18,000

Education i4>5oo

Business Administration ■ 14,000

Elementary Division 6,000

Secondary Division 18,000

Adult Division 6,000

School Administration Division 6,000

Home Visitation 5,ooo

Work Among the Negroes 6,000

Lesson Committee 2,000

World's Association 5.000

Publicity 2,000

Conference Point 7,000

Supply Department 6,000

Convention .^ 2,500

Traveling Expenses of Committees and Secretaries 10,000

Work in Mission Lands 12,000

Total $150,000

This budget was adopted upon the recommendation of the Executive
Committee.

Again the United States Government has called upon our Associa-
tion to gather the Union and Undenominational statistics. This, of
course, applied to the United States only. The work is rendered with-
out charge so far as our Association is concerned, the Government
simply paying the necessary expenses.

These statistics have been gathered, and are embodied in the reports
the Government is sending out. According to these reports, there are
Union Sunday Schools in the United States enrolling 707,35 1 members.

16 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

The financial measurement of a work like ours is not always
accurate, and yet it does give some idea of the growth. The figures
given below indicate the total amount of money received during the
triennium ending with the dates indicated. All of these convention
periods were triennial except the one just closing, which covers four
years. These figures tell an interesting story:

1875— Baltimore $ 826.55

1878— Atlanta 1,626.00

1881— Toronto 3,493-64

1884— Louisville 10,503.51

1887— Chicago 9,27370

1890— Pittsburgh i4,755-8i

1893— St. Louis 19,454.27

1896— Boston 23,993.16

1899— Atlanta 38,006.79

1902 — Denver 40,112.02

1905— Toronto 56,281.45

1908 — Louisville 104,000.00

191 1 — San Francisco 171,890.40

1914— Chicago 165,591.13

1918— Buffalo 341,361.32

Evangelism Heart of Work

Our Committee on Evangelism, Mr. E. K. Warren, Chairman, has
issued a number of very excellent leaflets during the quadrennium,
and the subject of evangelism has been stressed, though not as much
as it should be. This is the very heart of our work, and in the last
analysis is the measure of our success. It is the harvest that tells the
story.

While the Sunday School is the choicest evangelizing agency of the
Church, figures seem to indicate that less than one-half of the Sunday
School enrollment is ever won for Christ. That it should require four
years of work for the average officer or teacher to bring one soul to
Christ is lamentable, and yet this seems to be the case.

Your General Secretary has conducted within the past year and a
half three "Sunday School Retreats," so called, of two or three days
each. These Retreats are conducted wholly for the purpose of empha-
sizing the evangelistic message and deepening the spiritual life of the
workers. They were held in Dayton and Portsmouth, Ohio, and
Buffalo, New York. Prof. W. H. Griflith-Thomas participated in these
Retreats and rendered choice service. Equipment and machinery is
fine, but it amounts to little or nothing unless we can win these young
lives to Jesus Christ and fit them for service. W> are longing for the

GENERAL SECRETARY'S REPORT 11

day when evangelism will receive the attention that it should. When
it does, we will have a better report to make.

Syndicate Papers Reach Many

The Syndicate of Association papers has been reorganized, and is
now upon a thoroughly reliable foundation.

The name of the International section of the syndicate is The Inter-
national Searchlight. It is being received with increasing favor through-
out the field, and is a very newsy and readable periodical. The
International section is made a part of the State papers, and the printing
is done by the Church Publishing House of Chicago.

The states that are now lined up with the syndicate are as follows :
Alabama, Arkansas, California (North), Cahfornia (South), Kentucky,
Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North
Dakota, Washington (West), Washington (East), West Virginia, Wis-
consin, with an aggregate monthly circulation of 65,000.

The International Searchlight, as well as the papers from the states
mentioned above, are entered as second class mail matter. The circu-
lation is growing continually.

Go-TO-SUNDAY-SCHOOL DaY EvERY OCTOBER

Every year Go-to-Sunday-School Day becomes more popular. If the
reports that have come to us from various parts of the field are a fair
indication of the field as a whole, the Sunday School attendance on
Go-to-Sunday-School Day last November was several millions above
the average. W'hile many of those who come in response to a call of
this kind are transient in their attendance, nevertheless a great many
of them do remain. In some states the gain in Sunday School enroll-
ment since they began to observe Go-to-Sunday-School Day is more
than double what it was before. Kentucky deserves the credit for
leading in this matter, for it was there that Go-to-Sunday-School Day
as a State-wide movement was inaugurated.

Last year we undertook to observe a uniform day throughout the
entire field, and thirty-seven states and provinces observed that day —
the first Sunday in November, which was World's Temperance Sunday.
When the day was set we beheved it to be the best. It is now believed
that the Sunday before World's Temperance Day would be better.
For this reason Sunday, October 27, 1918, has been chosen as the next
Go-to-Sunday-School Day, and all the states and provinces are urged,
so far as possible, to co-operate.

78 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

One of the forward steps which our Elementary Division has taken
is the promotion of continent-wide observance of "Children's Week."
The campaign for the observance of this week has been received with
great favor throughout the entire continent and the reports coming in
are most encouraging.

The aim of "Children's Week" is to emphasize the religious educa-
tion of children, to arouse the consciences of parents and Sunday
School teachers of children in order to show them their responsibility
for the religious education of their children. The observance of this
week also tends to attract the attention of influential men and women
interested in children's welfare. They learn that the International
Sunday School Association is really at the work of promoting the wel-
fare of childhood and the religious education so vital to its own full
development, also to the future welfare of the country.

Because the aim of "Children's Week" is coincident with that of the
Elementary divisions of the State and Provincial associations, and
because the possible results of an annual continent-wide observance is
so far-reaching, the hearty co-operation of all associations is greatly
desired; and, indeed, the co-operation, up to this time, has been
remarkably fine and generous.

Conference Point Grounds Enlarged

The Training School at Conference Point grows stronger and better
year by year. The same is true of the Older Boys' and Older Girls'
Camp-Conferences. The outlook for this summer, even though we are
in the midst of a great war, is better than ever. For the Training
School and both conferences the registration is practically filled.

This Conference Point enterprise marks the beginning of a better
trained leadership in our Association work than we have ever had. It
was my privilege, while attending the State Convention in Missouri
last year, to hand out banners to twenty-seven counties for efficiency
in their work. More than four-fifths of these banners were given to
county officials who had been Conference Point students. Hundreds
of our older boys and girls from the conferences are taking college
training to fit themselves for their lifework.

With a far look into the future, and upon the recommendation of
Mr. Pearce and his associates, the Conference Point property has been
doubled in size. Instead of fourteen acres, we now have nearly thirty,
with about twenty-five hundred feet of lake front on one of the most
beautiful lakes in America. The new property, secured at a price far
below its value, will now be improved as opportunity offers and funds

GENERAL SECRETARY'S REPORT 79

permit. All who attend the Training School and camp-conferences
have one story to tell, of the beauty of the place, the efficiency of the
training and the choice fellowship enjoyed.

Schools Help Temperance

The temperance fight is on ! The clock has struck ! There can be
but one result. Just when that result is to come depends very largely
upon the Christian people, and the Sunday School has its place on the
firing line. Canada has led us in prohibition. The Sheppard bill in
the United States Congress provides for National prohibition within
the next six years, if the requisite number of states vote "dry." The
death-knell of the liquor traffic has sounded in our ears, but let no one
imagine that the battle is won or that victory will come without a ter-
rible struggle. What the Sunday School forces did to help put West
Virginia "dry," under the leadership of Arthur T. Arnold, they can
do in greater or less measure in any State. If the Sunday School
hosts of our land — twenty million strong — will recognize their day and
opportunity, they can give the needed push that will put the temperance
fight "over the top."

The very safety of our nation requires that the drink traffic be done
away. We urge upon the magnificent Sunday School army of North
America the necessity, right now, of rising en masse and demanding
the immediate abolition of the saloon, as a war measure. This will be
a long step toward permanent prohibition. We are told that since the
war began crime has increased throughout the United States 19 per
cent — in some states as high as 50 per cent — and that 70 per cent of this
increase is among boys and girls under twenty-one years of age. Drink
is the natural breeder for nearly all of the crimes that destroy men
and nations. Let us keep temperance to the front continually, that our
boys and girls may not fall into this body-and-soul-destroying habit.
Meanwhile, let us do everything in our power, by means of letters and
telegrams to our congressmen, letting them know just what we expect
of them in this hour of our nation's crisis. The Sunday Schools con-
stitute a mighty force. When the world is made safe for democracy,
as it will be at the close of this war, let us, in our favored land, have a
democracy that will be safe for the world, because it is clean from the
contamination of the destroying drink traffic.

The following resolution, which was unanimously passed by our
Executive Committee, shows where we stand :

"Resolved, That the attitude of the International Sunday School
Association to the manufacture and sale of alcoholic drink, better

80 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

known as the liquor traffic, is one of unalterable hostility, and it pledges
the Christian pubHc of America and the world its undivided effort and
co-operation for National and World Prohibition."

Practically nothing has been done in Mexico by our Association
during this quadrennium. The internal disturbances there made it
necessary to discontinue our work, and we have been unable to take it
up again. The field is now ripe and inviting; certainly, it is very
needy. We miss greatly our good Dr. John W. Butler, who, for more
than a third of a century, gave his life to Mexico. Within the last
few weeks he has passed on to his reward. His successors, however,
are anxious that we take up the work again and go forward. They
have a very capable man ready for the place as soon as the work can be
financed. We trust that with the adoption of our proposed financial
budget, the work in Mexico may be put upon its feet again. Two thou-
sand dollars a year would finance this work in Mexico. We can go
forward as soon as we get the money.

The West Indies and Central America

This is a field by itself and almost wholly missionary in character.
While the Spanish language is spoken in most places, it is impossible
to connect this field with Mexico because of the difficulties of travel.
Our Association sent one of its staff, Rev. Aquila Lucas (not now with
us), regularly for a number of years to visit this part of the field.
The results would have been more permanent if we could have fol-
lowed up the good foundations that were laid by Mr. Lucas, but we
have not been able to send anyone to the West Indies for several years.
At one time we had seventeen associations there. Some of them still
live. The most promising fields are : Cuba, Porto Rico, Jamaica,
Trinidad and the Canal Zone. While very little is being done in Central
America, there are a few faithful souls who are holding the Associa-
tion together in Panama, and they have made a creditable showing.
One of the choicest publications in our entire field is that issued by the
Sunday School Association of the Canal Zone. The workers there are
full of enterprise and optimism. Cuba is quite ready to put on a man
for part time, with the hope that in a few years they could command
all of his time. What we need for this field is one person representing
our Association who will make the trip annually to all of these fields.
In addition to that, we should have a man giving part time to Porto
Rico. It would be better still, if we had money enough, to share the
salary of the man in Cuba and the man in Porto Rico until these fields
are able to carry the work alone. Twenty-five hundred dollars will

QUADRENNIAL STATISTICAL REPORT-FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION CONVENTION

^^^^^^ Buffalo, New York. June 19-25. 1918

ORGANIZATION

DEPARTMENTS

18,7«3,M9 20,670,954

1,690,738 16,760,297

GENERAL SECRETARY'S REPORT 81

finance the man for the International field, and another thousand,
divided equally between Cuba and Porto Rico, would enable each of
them to secure the help they desire.

Nova Scotia's Calamity

On the 6th day of December, 191 7, Halifax, the beautiful city by the
sea, was visited with a calamity that shook the entire continent and
the world. The details are known to all.

Letters from the officials of the Nova Scotia Association, including
Dr. Frank Woodbury, our International representative there, were
filled with the horrible details. From their Association came a plea to
the International office for financial help, stating that unless it was
ofifered to them at that time their organization would have to be discon-
tinued. Their General Secretary gave up his office for hospital purposes
and threw himself into the work of rescue and relief. Everybody else,
practically, did the same.

They stated that they would have to have $2,000 to see them through.
As they needed help immediately, our Association, upon the recom-
mendation of our President, Mr. Warren, and our Treasurer, Mr. Excell,
guaranteed $500 for the Association and authorized us to appeal to the
field for the remaining $1,500. The $500 was sent at once. Various
states and provinces and generous individuals have contributed to this
fund, so that we have been able to send to our Nova Scotia brethren
almost the entire $2,000. It is needless to say that they greatly appre-
ciated this act of brotherliness on the part of our Association, and it
certainly was a blessing to those who participated as well, for it is true
now as it was when the words were spoken, centuries ago, "It is more
blessed to give than to receive."

New Literature and "Half a Century of Growth and Service"
We are sure very few of our friends have very little idea of the
quantity of literature that is required in the work of our Association.
Every department and division has a series of leaflets and booklets of
its own. The number of separate leaflets runs up into the hundreds,
and the total number distributed into the millions. Practically all of
the divisional and departmental leaflets have been rewritten in order to
adapt them to the new methods of organization and to meet the new
needs of the field.

One of the most notable pieces of literature that has been issued
is a booklet of one hundred pages, entitled "Half a Century of Growth
and Service." This document was prepared originally for the purpose

82 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

of presenting our work to the Commission on Federated Movements
of the Federal Council. It is without a doubt the most complete and
orderly presentation of our work that has been attempted up to this
time. It was prepared chiefly by our Secondary Division Superintend-
ent, Mr. John L. Alexander, and is recognized everywhere as a worthy
presentation of our work, though the work is growing so rapidly that
this book now needs revision.

Our convention charts are in great favor and do much good. We
question if any similar organization has a more complete or worthy
line of literature than ours.

Our Treasurer

In the midst of this quadrennium we were called upon to lose our
Treasurer, Mr. E. H. Nichols, by death, and in February, 1917, Mr.
E. O. Excell was elected to this place. He has made a good Treasurer,
and we trust he will be continued. His name is known all over the
country and gives standing to our Association in a financial way.
Mr. Excell is so busy with his business that he cannot give a great deal
of time to the office of the Treasurer, but as a custodian of funds he
certainly is in the right place, and is always ready with his counsel
and co-operation. The fact that $340,000 have passed through our treas-
ury during the last quadrennium indicates that there is something to do.

It was the privilege of the General Secretary to visit Alaska in the
spring of 1917. This is surely a great field, measured by the surveyor's
line, and equally great measured by the interest of our faithful workers
there, but very small numerically.

We held only one meeting, but visited the workers at several other
points. As nearly as we could gather, there are but fifty-six Sunday
schools in Alaska, enrolling approximately twenty-five hundred people.
They are scattered over such an immense territory that it is next to
impossible for them to have any meetings. Our International Commit-
teeman, Andrew Stevenson, is always full of enthusiasm and is doing
everything in his power to advance the Sunday School interest of
Alaska.

We are expecting some delegates at this Convention.

Work Among the Negroes

Our Mr. Lyman has continued the Work Among the Negroes during
this quadrennium and has made a creditable showing. His chief work
is to go from college to college among the colored people of the South
and secure the carrying on of teacher training classes among the stu-

GENERAL SECRETARY'S REPORT 83

dents with the expectation that many of them upon their return home
will be better trained for their own Sunday School work.

In the year ending 1917, there were enrolled in these classes 3,642
students in 142 institutions. These institutions are located in twenty
different states and the work that was accomplished, we are sure, is
altogether worth while.

There is another feature of the Work Among the Negroes, namely,
the placing of Negro secretaries in Southern states under the direction
of the State Sunday School Association. When this is done, the Negro
Secretary is really directed in his work by the White Secretary, guided
by a subcommittee of the State Association. This sort of work has
been carried on successfully in Mississippi, Georgia and West Virginia,
the International Association paying part of the salary of the Negro
worker.

There is a great field of opportunity among the Negroes, and a
large, comprehensive program taking in all phases of work that are
purely associational should be undertaken during the next quadrennium.
We trust the committee will give due attention to this at this Conven-
tion.

With the Colors

The following persons who are officially connected with our work
as members of the committee, or otherwise, have been rendering choice
service for their country in one capacity or another. We fear the list
is not complete, but are glad to record the following names, for we
cannot do all we ought to do to express the high honor in which we
hold them :

Gerald IV. Birks of Quebec, member of our Home Visitation Com-
mittee, is in charge of the Y. M. C. A. work in England among Cana-
dian soldiers.

George S. Dingle of Alberta, our Committeeman from Alberta, has
been associated with Mr. Birks, spending part of his time in England.

William H. Danforth of Missouri, member of our committee and
Chairman of the Secondary Division Subcommittee, is in France with
the Y. M. C. A.

/. W. Kinnear of Pennsylvania, member of our committee, has been
in France with the Y. M. C. A., but has now returned.

S. F. Shattuck of Wisconsin, member of our committee, has been
giving his time to the work in the camps in the Southland.

Quite a number of the State and Provincial workers have also
gone, including William G. Junkin of Pennsylvania, brother of our

84 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Mrs. Maud J. Baldwin, and Mr. E. D. Otter of Ontario, both in France.

Besides these, quite a number of the members of our committee
and of the State and Provincial official representatives have spent a
limited amount of time in the various camps and cantonments.

All honor to those who are giving their lives and service for the
cause of a righteous democracy.

Home Visitation

Home Visitation is in a class by itself, so far as our work is con-
cerned. Our Superintendent, Mr. Durham, took up the work just ten
years ago. The peculiarity of this work is that it is the one point where
we touch the entire personnel of the field, and it is the only department
that secures the co-operation of Protestants, Catholics and Jews alike.
We shall- hear a most interesting story from Superintendent Durham
before this Convention is over. During the ten years, under Mr. Dur-
ham's direction, there have been visited in a systematic way, over
48,000,000 people. These have all been invited to the Sunday School,
church or synagogue of their choice. Testimonies as to the value of
this work are not lacking; they are abundant, strong and encouraging.
It was discovered that fully half of this vast number visited were not
connected in any way with Sunday School, church or synagogue. Cer-
tainly this is a field of operation that must command the attention of
all who are interested in reaching all people with the message of the
Gospel.

In May of 191 5 the Board of Trustees invited Dr. C. R. Blackall
to prepare a "History of Organized Sunday School Work," in order
that important events associated with the life of our organization might
be permanently recorded for future generations, the book, when com-
pleted, to be the property of Dr. Blackall, but our Association to back it
up in every way and endeavor to secure for it a large circulation. With
his accustomed thoroughness and energy, the good Doctor undertook
this work, and from time to time has reported progress. We are hop-
ing that the book will be completed ere long, and when it is we may
be assured that it will find a place in hundreds and, we trust, thousands
of libraries all over the country. It will be a most valuable book, and
Dr. Blackall is pre-eminently the man to write it.

A Sunday School Headquarters Building

For a good many years there has been a growing conviction that
the organized Sunday School work should have a worthy building for

GENERAL SECRETARY'S REPORT 85

its headquarters. Your General Secretary is placing in your hands
at this Convention a booklet calling special attention to this matter.

This enterprise is not born of sentiment. We could do nothing
that would add more real stability and effectiveness to our v^ork than
to have such a building as is outlined in the prospectus which you have
seen or will see. The only purpose of mentioning it here is to call
attention to it, so that the rank and file of Sunday School workers in
America will begin to think and pray about it. It is well worth con-
sideration.

The Employed Officers' Association

The "E. O. A.," as this association is called for short, is but two
years old, having been organized at Conference Point-on-Lake Geneva
in the summer of 1916. It is a family group, consisting only of those
who are giving their time to the organized Sunday School work, under
salary. This takes in all International, State and Provincial, county,
township, city and district officers, including departmental workers.
The meetings are held at Conference Point. The meeting for this year
will open July ist, and last for four or five days. These meetings are
full of interest. Vital subjects connected with our Association are dis-
cussed. The outline of the annual program is laid out a year in advance,
and strong papers are presented. The E. O. A. offers a forum for
discussion where everybody has an equal chance to express his views.
It is impossible to make fast rules to apply to the organization in all
parts of the field because of the varying conditions, but the principles
underlying our work are universal. Many a State and Provincial officer
has been saved from making a mistake by hearing some other officer
tell how he fell into it.

No meetings connected with our work are so "full of ginger" as are
those of the E. O. A. It is a royal fellowship, and promises much for
the welfare of the work. The sparks fly sometimes when the discus-
sions get warm, but there is always the undercurrent of choice brother-
liness, and when prayer time comes the fellowship with the Heavenly
Father and with each other is very precious. Our International Asso-
ciation can never measure the extent of its obligation to the E. O, A.
There is also an insurance feature connected with it.

This great organization celebrated its one hundredth anniversary in
1917. Our Executive Committee sent a message of congratulation and
entered the following upon its records :

"The American Sunday School Union, the pioneer Sunday School
organization of America, celebrates the centennial of its organization

86 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

during this year of 191 7. Sunday, May 6th, has been set apart as the
special day for the observance of this centennial.

"The International Sunday School Association extends hearty con-
gratulations to the American Sunday School Union upon the comple-
tion of one hundred years of splendid service to the Kingdom of God
through its great work, especially on the frontiers.

"It is recommended that, if possible, our Association be officially
represented at the centennial meetings in Philadelphia in May, as
requested by the American Sunday School Union.

"It is also recommended that the General secretaries of the states
and provinces make suitable recognition of this centennial."

The centennial festivities occurred in May of 1917, but the declaring
of war caused the plans to be somewhat modified because of the dis-
turbed conditions in our country.

Dr. E. W. Rice, their great Nestor for so many years, has prepared
a comprehensive volume giving the history of the one hundred years'
work of the Union. This organization has rendered a great service
during all these years. It has filled an important place, and still has a
place to fill.

We congratulate the American Sunday School Union and the splen-
did corps of men and women who are responsible for its success, and
wish them yet many years of prosperity and usefulness.

The four hundredth anniversary of the Protestant Reformation was
held in 1917. Great preparations were made everywhere for commem-
orating this occasion. It is safe to say that Martin Luther and his work
and times are more familiar to thousands of people now than they ever
were before. This is a most notable event in the history of Protestant-
ism and well deserved all the attention that was given to it, not only by
Lutherans, but by Christians of every name.

The World's Sunday School Association
We congratulate the World's Sunday School Executive Committee
for the magnificent way they have maintained their work and pushed
it forward during these trying times. Their convention was to have
been held in October, 19 16, in the city of Tokyo, Japan. All their plans
were upset by the war, and are still in a very unsettled condition, and
yet they have gone steadily forward and carried on their work with
increased vigor; indeed, it is growing all the time. It is in good
hands, with Mr. H. J. Heinz at the head of its committee and the secre-
tarial work lodged with Frank L. Brown and his London colleague,
the Rev. Carey Bonner. In addition to these, they have the following
representatives in the various fields named :

Rev. Richard Burges, Jubbulpore, India, Secretary for India.

GENERAL SECRETARY'S REPORT 87

Rev. E. G. Tewksbury, Shanghai, China, Secretary for China.

Rev. S. Van R. Trowbridge, Cairo, Egypt, General Secretary for
Moslem Lands.

Rev. J. G. Holdcroft, Pyeng Yang, Korea, Acting Secretary for
Korea.

Rev. George P. Howard, Buenos Aires, Argentine, S. A., Secretary
for South America.

Rev. J. L. McLaughlin, Manila, Philippine Islands, Secretary for the
Philippines. (Mr. McLaughlin is now in this country.)

Mr. Horace E. Coleman, Tokyo, Japan, Educational Secretary for
Japan.

Rev. H. Kawasumi, Tokyo, Japan, Secretary Japan National Sunday
School Association.

Rev. Irbahim Girgis, Field Secretary for the Sudan.

We are very glad that one session of our program, namely, that
for Sunday night, will be devoted entirely to the presentation of world-
wide Sunday School work. Our good Brother Heinz will preside, and
Frank L. Brown and others will be heard. A most interesting program
will be presented. The meeting will be held in the Elmwood Music
Hall, and we trust all the delegates will be present. A room on the
second floor of the music hall has been set apart for the World's Exhibit.
Find your way into it before you leave. Dr. S. D. Price will be in
charge of the room, and, with his stereopticon, will be able to enter-
tain you with interest and profit.

The Sunday School and the War
We made an earnest effort to ascertain how many men had enlisted
from the Sunday Schools in the army and navy, but we were not able
to secure this information. Without a doubt the numbers are very
large, probably reaching a million.

We regret to note that in a great many instances the young men are
apparently dropped from the Sunday School rolls. This should not be
done. The men and boys who take their lives in their hands and go
to fight our battles for us should be made to feel continually that they
still belong to us and to the Sunday Schools out of which they have
gone. There should be a new department in every Sunday School for
our soldiers and sailors, somewhat after the manner of the Home
Department. We might name this department "Enlisted Men."

The Massachusetts Association has made the best effort to secure
information as to the number of enlisted men from the Sunday Schools
of any Association reporting thus far. In the Secondary and Adult

88 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

conferences of this Convention many plans will be discussed as to how
to keep in touch with the boys. Every church and Sunday School
should have its own service flag and honor roll, and should, in some
systematic, helpful way, keep in touch with the boys in the war, sending
them the church literature, writing them letters, letting them hear from
one another through the church paper, and in every other way possible.
It is next to a crime to let a boy go out of a Sunday School into the
war, and spend months at a time without hearing from the people who
pretended to think so much of him when he was at home. The least
we can do is to be sure that every enlisted man feels the pull and the
warmth of the home church and Sunday School, and that he still
belongs in the circle.

Patriotic Sunday and the Sunday School War Council

Early in April, 1917, just after the United States had joined the
Allies in this great war, our Mrs. Baldwin suggested that, inasmuch
as the 1st day of July was Sunday, the Sunday Schools should, on that
day, in some way indicate their loyalty to the Government. Her pro-
posal was that we call this "Patriotic Sunday," and that the suggestion
be made that special offerings should be taken for the work of the Red
Cross. She also suggested that we endeavor to secure a proclamation
from President Wilson endorsing this idea. The suggestion fell on
fertile ground. Though the time was very short, we sent our Mr. Alex-
ander to Washington, and he secured the proclamation from the Presi-
dent, which most of you probably read at that time. We also secured
proclamations from about half the governors of the states. Our Cana-
dian friends were in sympathy with the undertaking, but they had
already been showing just this kind of loyalty for several years ; never-
theless, a large number of their schools celebrated this day and took
offerings for the Red Cross. It was suggested that all of the money
raised for the Red Cross be paid to the local units, and that none of it
should be sent to our Association. In some cases the money was sent
to the denominational headquarters, and went from there to the Red
Cross treasury. From what information we have been able to gather,
the Sunday School offerings on that day for the Red Cross must have
exceeded a half million dollars.

Some of our denominational friends suggested that the Sunday
School Council and our Association should unite in this patriotic enter-
prise and endeavor to inaugurate plans that would unite all of the
Sunday Schools, not for a single day, as on Patriotic Sunday, but for the
period of the war, in a program that would be really worth while.

GENERAL SECRETARY'S REPORT 89

Several joint meetings were held representing the Council and the
Association, and the organization of the "Sunday School War Council"
was the result. It is composed of about one hundred representatives
from both organizations. So far as we are aware, this committee of
one hundred has done but little.

Get Members to Replace Soldiers
There is a movement on foot, which is receiving great favor,
toward making special effort in all of our Sunday Schools to recruit
young men and boys to take the places of those who have gone into the
war. By the side of the service flag in each church, it is suggested that
two other flags be placed — one with a large blue ring representing the
Secondary Division, and the other with a large red ring representing
the Adult Division. These represent the division buttons on a large
scale. As new members are added to either of these divisions, a small
blue or red ring is placed within the large one. The drive is for the
purpose of securing as many red and blue rings in the membership
flags as there are stars in the service flag. These flags keep the matter
constantly before the school, and furnish encouragement and inspira-
tion. It is a good idea, and we wish that all schools might undertake
in this way to keep up their numbers. It will be easy to let down and
give up, but now is the time to drive forward with all our strength.
There are plenty of young men and boys who should be in the Sunday
School to fill all of the vacancies over and over again. Many of them
can be had, if we go after them in a systematic, sympathetic and per-
sistent way.

Upon the urgent appeal of the Committee for Armenian and Syrian
Relief, the Sunday Schools of North America were asked to set apart
their special 1917 Christmas offerings so far as possible for that purpose.
This was a most worthy undertaking, and we are glad to know that
approximately a million dollars were contributed by the Sunday Schools.
Incidentally, it furnished a fine opportunity to give instruction to the
schools in regard to these lands so intimately connected with the Bible
and with Bible times. Our offerings for this and similar causes should
not end with the Christmas giving. The need is very great; indeed, it
is imminent.

The Family Altar League

This League, which was born in the great heart of our evangelist

brother, W. E. Biederwolf, is doing a very choice work. Their General

Secretary, Rev. R. Howard Taylor, formerly with the Brotherhood of

Andrew and Philip, is devoting his whole time to it, and with large

90 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

success. As their name indicates, the task to which they address them-
selves is to secure family religion and particularly the building and
maintenance of the family altar.

In our Home Department there are two classes of membership,
those who agree to study the Sunday School lessons a half hour each
week at home, making report of the same — this is the old established
outline of work that has been recognized in this department for the
last quarter of a century or more — and recently a newer class has been
organized which adds to the above the maintenance of the family altar,
or, if there be no family, then private devotion each day.

We are all interested in Bible study and family religion. Through
the suggestion of our President, Mr. Edward K. Warren, a joint com-
mittee was appointed, of five members each, representing the Family
Altar League and the International Association, to try to discover some
plan whereby these two features of the work might be made to help
or supplement each other. In other words, that the Family Altar
League might, in a way, represent us and we represent them, in this
one particular item. This would mean that our State and Provincial
secretaries would be encouraged to co-operate with the Family Altar
League, which is carried on wholly without profit, and that the Family
Altar League would endeavor to build up through their literature and
meetings the family altar feature of our Home Department work.

Mr. Warren, Mr. Excel! and your General Secretary are members
of the Board of Directors of the Family Altar League. We trust that
some method of co-operation may be found that will be mutually
profitable to all concerned, and advance the cause of family religion.

Sunday School Volunteers
We hear of student volunteers, and know something of the splendid
work that has been accomplished. A very large majority of all the
decisions made for life tasks, whether religious or secular, are made
between the years of ten and twenty. We have not given enough
attention to the matter of guiding these young lives in their life deci-
sions along Christian lines. We are recommending that some definite
plan be set on foot for systematically encouraging the choice young
Christians in our Sunday schools to volunteer for some specific Chris-
tian work, as the ministr}^ secretaryships, Sunday School missionaries,
missionary work, temperance work, etc., but without undertaking their
training, as that would be largely a denominational task. We could,
however, issue helpful literature and keep a record of those who volun-
teer for any of these lines of service.

GENERAL SECRETARY'S REPORT 91

Never in the history of our Association have we been called upon
to report so many deaths. Thirteen members of our committee, one
member of our staff and one General Secretary have died during this
quadrennium.

Laborers Called to Their Reward

As Mr. Wells, the Chairman of our committee, will report more
fully, I will simply give here the names in the order of their death, and
the position they occupied in our work. Among those named will be
found an unusually large number of our officials, including President
Hamill, Treasurer Nichols and Recording Secretary Youker.

I would be glad to stop long enough to pay tribute to each one
separately, but that is to be done in a different and better way at
another place on this program. These dear co-laborers have gone
on to their reward, but their works do follow them. Below we present
their names :

Dr. H. M. Hamill January 21, 1915

Mr. Samuel Young February i, 1915

Rev. J. Clayton Youkers February 5, 1915

Dr. A. L. Philips March 2, 1915

Mr. John C. Carman March 6, 1915

Mrs. Zillah Foster Stevens December 3, 1915

Mr. W. C. Hall December 9, 1915

Judge W. H. Pope September 13, 1916

Mr. E. H. Nichols September 15, 1916

Dr. W. A. Duncan October 31, 1916

Dr. George W. Bailey December 19, 1916

Mr. L. R. Cook January 14, 1917

Mr. H. S. Hopper January i, 1918

Mr. George G. Wallace February i, 1918

Dr. John W. Butler March 16, 1918

We cannot forget that we are assembled in the home State of Dr.
Duncan. While he was very closely identified with all departments of
Sunday School work in his city and State, the nation and the world,
his chief fame will be because he was the founder of the Home Depart-
ment. That was in 1881.

This beautiful department of our work has grown until it now
enrolls more than a million members. The Sunday School can never
pay the debt it owes to Dr. Duncan. There are thousands, and hun-
dreds of thousands, who are studying their Bibles every week at home
and engaging in family prayer because this man of God lived and had a
vision.

We shall not forget our good Dr. Duncan.

Perhaps no man is yearning more to be with us today than our

92 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

dear, good Brother Hartshorn. For many years he carried the Interna-
tional Association in his heart of hearts. He has poured out his money
lavishly, and his time more so, and his heart most of all, during the
twelve years he was active as our Chairman and President, and since.
Now he is laid aside by sickness — we trust, however, for only a time.
His letters breathe with love for all the brethren. We shall miss him
in this Convention, but he is thinking about us and will rejoice at our
successes.

The First International Convention our retiring President, Mr.
Warren, attended was in the city of Atlanta, 1878, forty years ago. He
has attended every International Convention from that time to this,
save one. The influence of a good convention may be noted in his case.
When he came home from Atlanta he organized the township in which
he lived, and then the county. Of the forty annual conventions held
in Berrien County, Michigan, since that time, Mr. Warren has attended
all but one. There was a time when he was President of his Township
Association, President of his County Association, Chairman of the
Michigan State Executive Committee, Vice Chairman of the Interna-
tional Committee and President of the World's Sunday School Asso-
ciation, all at once. Surely, these honors rested most worthily upon
the shoulders of our dear brother. For many years he has been the
leading spirit in our great work — always the youngest man on our
committee, full of optimism and courage, ready for anything that
promised the advancement of our work. A more consecrated, devoted
friend and worker we have never had among us. No detail of our
work has been too small to command his attention, if there was any
service he could render.

And now he is laying down the offices he has held so worthily
during the past years, and retiring from all official responsibility. We
shall not lose him, for he will still be with us in spirit and will attend
our meetings whenever he can, but the condition of his health requires
that he must be relieved of all care and not expected to attend meetings
and get under the burdens as he has done in the past.

This means that the rest of us must be even more faithful than
ever before, and help carry some of the responsibility he has carried.
Just how great that has been we shall know better later on than we do
now. It is a joy to know that we shall not be deprived of his prayers
and helpful counsel. To me Mr. Warren has been "a Sunday School
oracle." He has been my constant adviser, encourager, inspiration —
my helpful brother. May God grant to him yet many, many years of

GENERAL SECRETARY'S REPORT 93

rich experience in the service of the Master to whom he has devoted
his life.

I cannot close this report without expressing my gratitude, first of
all, to the Heavenly Father for his goodness in enabling me to come
to the end of this my twenty-ninth year in organized Sunday School
work. From 1889 until 1899 I was the Secretary of the Ohio Sunday
School Association, since which time I have been the International
Secretary. My great regret is that I have been able to do so little, but
it is a source of constant joy to me to recall the blessed fellowships
and experiences of all these years. It has been a joy to see the work
develop under the blessing of God. These have been great years, full
of stress and strain, with so much to be thankful for that the heartaches
are forgotten.

I have always felt, and still feel, that the Association should have
in this position a man who is more competent to lead than I have been.
You have all been good to me, and I have only gratitude and affection
in my heart. Yet I am ready to step aside at any moment and yield the
place to anyone the committee may suggest, my only ambition being
that the work may go forward.

These are great days in which we are living — days of challenge and
days of trial, but God is with us. The end of this war is going to bring
an added responsibility to the church. Indeed, it is upon us now. The
young men at the front will dominate business and church life, and
everything else, when they return; and they should. They will not be
content to settle down to any meager programs in Christian work.
They have been dealing in stern realities overseas, and they know what
real religion is, no matter what name it may bear. It is great to be
living in days like these, and it will not do for us to be slackers. We
must be true soldiers of the Lord Jesus Christ. Let us thank God
every day for the privilege of working where the work is hard and yet
so full of joy.

"It's great to be where the fight is strong.
To be where the heaviest troops belong,
And to fight for man and God.

"Oh, it seams the face and it dries the brain.
And it strains the arm 'til one's friend is pain,
To fight for man and God.

"But it's great to be where the fight is strong.
To be where the heaviest troops belong,
And to fight for man and God."

(Signed) Marion Lawrance.

CHAPTER IV

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

THE EDUCATIONAL POLICY OF THE INTERNATIONAL
SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION

Unanimously adopted by the Executive Committee, at Buffalo, N.
Y., February 13-14, 1918, and unanimously ratified by the Inter-
national Sunday School Convention, at Buffalo, N. Y., June
19-26, 1918.

THE committee recommends the following statement on the
subject of American system of religious education:
The American system of public schools is developing in har-
mony with a carefully formulated plan which has been adopted by
the National Education Association and approved and published by
the United States Commissioner of Education. This plan is as follows :

1. A system of schools for the masses, including

a. Kindergarten (4-5 years),

b. Elementary school (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 years).

c. Junior high school (12, 13, 14 years).

d. Senior high school (15, 16, 17 years).

e. Junior college (18-19 years).

f. Senior college (20-21 years).

g. Graduate and professional schools.

2. A system of teacher training schools, including

a. County teachers' institutes.

b. Normal courses in high schools,

c. City teachers' colleges.

d. State normal colleges.

e. Departments of education in state universities.

f. Graduate colleges of education.

3. A system of supervision, including

a. Village and ward principals.

b. County and district superintendents.

Owing to the fact that there is to be published soon a separate
volume containing in full the various addresses of the educational
conferences at the Buffalo Convention, the representation of that de-
partment in this volume has been curtailed more than its importance
justifies. The educational volume will be issued soon under the editor-
ship of Dr, M. A, Honline, superintendent of the Education Depart-
ment of the International Sunday School Association. Orders for
copies may be sent to the International Sunday School Association,
1516 Mailers Building, Chicago.

94

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION 95

c. City superintendents,

d. State superintendents.

e. National superintendents.

This system, when finally developed and unified, will provide for
the American people the most complete program of universal educa-
tion which the world has ever known.

Religion will not be taught in tax-supported schools. The price
which the American people must pay for religious liberty is whatever
sum may be required to erect and operate a dual system of schools:
one a system of public secular schools, the other a system of church
schools which parallel the public schools from the cradle to the
university.

The Committee on Education of the International Sunday School
Association recommends the following system of religious schools to
complement the system of public schools:

1. A system of schools for the masses, including

a. Elementary schools.

b. Secondary schools.

c. Religious day schools, co-ordinate with the church schools.

d. Adult schools.

e. Church colleges.

f. Graduate schools of religion.

2. A system of training schools, including

a. Training classes in the local churches.

b. Community training schools.

c. Training schools for special groups.

d. Departments of religious education in colleges.

e. Graduate schools of religious education.

3. A system of educational supervision, including

a. Superintendent of local school.

b. Community superintendent of religious education.

c. County or city superintendent of religious education.

d. International general superintendent of religious education.

The committee on Education of the International Sunday School
Association recommends the State and Provincial Associations the
following policy regarding teacher training :

1. The International Sunday School Association recognizes that
the denominational teacher training classes within local churches are
the responsibility of the denominational Sunday school boards.

2. The International Sunday School Association will desseminate
information regarding denominational teacher training courses, stimu-
late an interest in the teacher training movement, and promote ideals
which will help denominational boards to reach and raise their stand-

96

FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

STATE SUPPORT

CHURCH SUPPORT

Copyright, 1917

THE EDUCATIONAL ARCH
This drawing is reproduced from page 2 of Professor Athearn's
book, "Religious Education and American Democracy," with the per-
mission of the publishers. The Pilgrim Press, 14 Beacon Street, Bos-
ton, 19 West Jackson Street, Chicago.

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION 97

ards. But the responsibility of promoting, organizing and supervising
teacher training in denominational classes will be left entirely with the
denominational boards, unless otherwise requested by recognized
denominational authority.

3. The International Sunday School Association will vigorously
promote, standardize and supervise teacher training work, through
classes in union Sunday Schools, union teacher training classes, com-
munity training schools, interdenominational schools of principles and
methods ; and also denominational schools when requested to do so by
recognized denominational authority.

4. The International Sunday School Association will approve text-
books and issue certificates, diplomas and other recognitions for work
done under its supervision.

5. Denominational classes complying with the standards of the
International Sunday School Association may be granted joint denomi-
national and interdenominational recognition through denominational
boards.

6. The following awards will be given for teacher training work
done under the direction or with the approval of the International
Sunday School Association:

a. Teachers' Bible Study Certificate. This certificate is awarded
to students who complete one year's work of forty lessons in a sys-
tematic study of the Bible. The lessons should give detailed treat-
ment of the subject presented, rather than schematic outlines or memory
drill material.

b. Teacher Training Diploma. This diploma is offered to students
who satisfactorily complete the new standard teacher training course
of 120 hours. Appropriate grade cards or seals will be awarded upon
the completion of definite sections of this course.

c. School of Principles and Methods Certificate. This certificate
will be granted upon the successful completion of a progressive course
of three years, with not fewer than twenty class hours per year, recita-
tion periods not less than forty minutes, connected with prescribed
reading designed to co-ordinate the succeeding years.

d. Community Training School Diploma. This diploma will be
awarded upon the completion of a three years' course of study in a
community training school approved by the International Sunday School
Association.

e. First Standard and Advanced Standard Course Diplomas will
be awarded to students who began their course prior to January i,
1918. Classes beginning either the First or Advanced Standard Course
after January i, 1918, will be awarded certificates of recognition only;

7

98 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

W^

but no work done in such courses will be credited towards the com-
pletion of the New Standard Teacher Training Course. First and
Advanced Standard course credentials will be issued as long as re-
quests are made for them.

7. The International Sunday School Association approves the
general idea of a joint teacher training drive during the month of
September, 1918, and authorizes the chairman of the Committee of
Education to appoint a special sub-committee of three members to
confer with such other co-operating agencies as may be interested in
the proposed movement.

8. The Committee on Education will take up for approval any
120 hour course submitted by any State or Provincial Association, or
by any publishers, provided that no International Teacher Training
Certificate or diploma may be issued to any Sunday School belonging
to a denomination issuing teacher training certificate or diploma with-
out the approval of said denomination.

THE REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON FINDINGS

The committee on findings respectfully reports that this Educational
Conference, held under the authority of the International Sunday
School Association, the Association of Biblical Instructors in American
Colleges and Secondary Schools and the Council of Church Boards
of Education.

1. Asserts its whole-hearted loyalty to the American public school
system.

2. We conceive it to be our chief responsibility at present to
stimulate interest in and to develop the highest possible type of re-
ligious education through church schools and all other available
agencies.

3. We hereby refer to the Council of Church Boards of Education
the specific task of indicating by definitions — formulated by an ap-
propriate commission — what shall constitute a unit of credit in Bible
study that will meet the standard for entrance requirement in the
colleges and universities affiliated with the activities of the council,
and for graduation in secondary schools.

4. It is recommended that the papers read before this conference,
together with these findings, be published in a separate volume and
thus be made available for the widest possible circulation.

5. It is further recommended that the International Sunday School

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION 99

Association be requested to give the widest publicity possible to the
credit value in Bible study to be used in conformity with these findings.

Richard C Hughes,

University Secretary, Presbyterian Board of Education,
Pennsylvania.
John E. Foster^

Inspector of Secondary Schools, State Board of Educa-
tion, Iowa (not present).
O. H. Williams,

State High School Inspector for Indiana.
Norman E. Richardson,

Director of Department of Religious Education, Boston
University, Mass.
George Platt Knox,

Assistant Superintendent of Schools, St. Louis, Mo.
W. A. Harper,

President Elon College, North Carolina.
R. L. Kelly,

(Ex Officio) Chicago, 111.

THE URGENT NEED OF A NATIONAL PROGRAM OF
RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

By M. A. Honline, Ph.D.,

Professor in Bonebrake Theological Seminary, Dayton, Ohio, and

Superintendent Educational Department, International

Sunday School Association

What an individual becomes in his existence is determined by three
things: what he IS by heredity, what he HAS in his environment,
and what he DOES with his heredity and environment. If a farmer
wishes to raise a good crop of corn, three things are absolutely neces-
sary: good seed, good soil, and cultivation of the crop. What is true
of the corn crop is equally true of the human crop. Every child
that is born into the world has a right to be well born, with a good
healthy mind and body. Education does not increase one's capacity,
it only releases it and makes it usable. When I speak of education, I
am not using it in a narrow bookish or academic sense. The educa-
tion I have in mind begins at birth and ends only at death, because
life itself is education, and education is life. In the language of
Professor Thorndyke, "Education has to do with the production and
prevention of changes in human nature."

This human seed comes into the world composed of four different
elements — the physical, the social, the intellectual, and the religious.
Education must produce and prevent changes in this human seed. Edu-
cation is a unitary process, dealing with the entire individual with all
four of those elements.

100 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

The first requisite of life is to have a strong, healthy body. We
develop the body so that it may become the competent servant of the
mind, and we develop the mind so that it may become the competent
ruler of the body. So we must develop the physical. And we are
not neglecting the physical, neither are we neglecting the intellectual.

The whole world is going to school as never before. The dominant
impulse of the day seems to be that of gaining knowledge and applying
it to present-day problems. In America we are spending over four
hundred million dollars annually on public school education. We are
not neglecting mental training.

If the social nature is not developed at the right time and in
the right way, the ability to develop it tends to die out, and the in-
dividual grows up to be an anti-social individual.

How about the religious nature? Religion is the life of God in the
soul of man. It is not an incident or an accident, it is the most im-
portant factor in human history. Any true system of education must
take that factor into consideration. The religious nature cannot be
left out of the educational process. Education must develop aright
all the desirable qualities in human nature. Religion is one of those
desirable qualities, therefore education must develop aright the child's
religious nature.

Are we doing that today in our educational system? No, I don't
think we are. Three institutions are responsible for education — the
state, the home, and the church. The state is doing very little by way
of definite specific religious instruction, and I don't think the state
should spend a great deal of time with it. What is the home doing
by way of religious instruction? Not what was being done a half
century ago. In the modern city life our homes have degenerated
into a sort of cheap tavern, where the members of family come together
to eat and sleep, and then to go their several ways.

That leaves only one other institution, and that is the church. They
are telling us now that out of every hundred persons who unite
with the Protestant church in North America, 96 per cent of them
do so by the time they are 25 years old. If that is true, then the world
will never be won to Jesus Christ through the conversion of adult
sinners; it will be done by the saving of the child. If you save the
child today, you will have no sinners in the next generation. It is a
question of formation rather than of reformation. This is not being
done by the public school or by the home, and the only institution
that remains is the church. That phase of the subject is going to
be discussed by my good friend Professor Athearn, and I am not

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION 101

going to touch on it now. I hope that in this prosperous country of
ours, our horses and cattle and sheep will never grow so big, nor our
sky-scrapers so tall, nor the smoke from our factories so dense as to
shut out the greatest asset of this nation — its own boys and girls. What
would it profit this nation if it gained the whole world and lost its
boys and girls? Or what would this nation give in exchange for its
boys and girls? If they are properly trained, they are our greatest
asset ; if not properly trained, they become a great burden and liability.
My plea is for the child and its rights to the kingdom, which have
been ordained since the foundation of the world.

AN AMERICAN SYSTEM OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
By Walter S. Athearn,

Professor of Religious Education, Boston University, and Chair-
man of the Department of Education, International
Sunday School Association

When we established our American democracy, we recognized that
the perpetuity of the young republic demanded a very high level of
common intelligence. Our system of free schools was established in
the interest of an intelligent citizenship. This system has developed
in three distinct lines.

In the first we have our elementary schools for the masses. Upon
these we are building a system of secondary schools, popularly known
as public high schools. On top of these the state is building a system
of colleges, universities and professional schools. Thus the state will
guarantee the intelligence of our citizenship.

The second line of development in the American system of public
schools is our state system of teacher training. At the top we have
our graduate schools of education. In the college there are courses
for the training of our high school teachers ; then state normal schools
for the training of teachers for the common schools. In our large
cities we have city training schools; in our high schools there are
being established normal courses for the training of rural school
teachers. In addition to all this, there are county institutes and pro-
fessional reading courses.

The third column in the public school system is our system of
educational supervision. At the top is the United States Commissioner
of Education. In every state there is a state superintendent or com-
missioner of education; in every county a county superintendent of
schools ; in every city a city superintendent of schools'; in every ward
or village a principal of schools.

102 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

These three columns representing (i) popular instruction; (2)
teacher training; (3) supervision, constitute what is destined to
become the greatest system of public instruction the world has ever
known.

However, following the doctrine of the separation of church and
state, and in the interests of our religious liberty, the Bible will not
be taught in the American public school as a religious textbook. The
price we will have to pay for our religious liberty is the price re-
quired to build a separate system of church schools which will parallel
the public school system and be equally efficient. The public school
system forms but one-half of our educational arch. We must build
the second half of the arch.

The system of schools which will complete our educational arch
will comprise three types of development: (i) a system of schools
for the masses; (2) a system of teacher training; (3) a system of
supervision.

The first of these will extend from the kindergarten to the graduate
schools of religion. The elementary schools will comprise carefully
graded Sunday Schools in the local churches, and parallel week-day
schools of religion. On top of these we should build our church
colleges. At the present time our church colleges are built on the
public high schools, and their courses are, for the most part, duplications
of our state colleges. We must insist on the church college as an in-
tegral part of a system of religious schools, rather than an adjunct
or duplication of our system of state schools.

The second element in a system of church schools is teacher train-
ing. This should comprise graduate schools in the field of religious
education; departments of religious education in all church colleges;
community training schools, and teacher training classes in each local
church.

The third element in such a system of church schools is supervision.
This should extend from a national or international superintendent
of religious education down through state or provincial, county, city
and local superintendents, thus forming a closely articulated system
of educational supervision.

The closest sympathy and co-operation should exist between the
two educational systems. Courses of study and time schedules could
be so planned as to produce a unified educational process without
doing violence to our cherished principle of complete separation of
church and state.

The Committee on Education of the International Sunday School

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION 103

Association will recognize itself as an interdenominational agency
whose function it is to foster the development of a North American
system of religious education in the following ways :

(i) The committee will serve as a bureau of information.

(2) It will serve as a bureau of research.

(3) It will serve as a bureau of standardization and publicity.

(4) It will have educational supervision of all schools organized
and operated by the International Sunday School Association, and
it will foster the development of training schools under the direction
of state and provincial associations.

(5) It will serve as an agency of co-ordination between the public
schools and the church schools.

(6) It will serve to unify the system of religious education from
the cradle roll to the university, and to correlate and strengthen all
co-operating agencies, denominational, inter and non-denominational.

The public school system is the machinery through which democracy
hands over, from generation to generation, the intellectual, social
and industrial achievements of the race. The next chapter to be
written in the history of democracy is the chapter which records the
creation of the machinery which will hand on from generation to
generation the moral and spiritual achievements of the race. Unless
democracy can build this second piece of machinery, it cannot endure.
If democracy can build this machinery, it can guarantee a citizenship
in which intelligence and righteousness are combined. The Interna-
tional Sunday School Association pledges America its best efforts
toward the building of a system of religious education, which will
furnish a moral foundation for citizenship, and thus make democracy
safe for the world.

AN EVALUATION OF THE PRESENT CURRICULUM OF
RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

By George Herbert Betts, Ph.D.,

Professor Applied Psychology, Cornell College

Two fundamental factors determine the value of a curriculum:
(i) its content or subject matter, (2) its organization. From either
of these points of view we are obliged to say that our present
curriculum of religion is narrow and does not present a broad range
of religious culture and experience. Neither is it well organized. It
is not skillfully and carefully planned to make a point of contact

104 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

with the child's actual life. The lesson material now in use falls
into three great types.

1. The ungraded uniform type of lesson.

2. The graded lesson type, which selects and organizes its lesson
material with some reference to the age and capacity of the child.

3. The psychological type, which definitely starts with the child
instead of the material.

The first type, with its lack of adaptation in material and organiza-
tion, with its stress on subject matter and its neglect of the child,
with its indifference to the educational progress of the age, is without
excuse in this day of educational and religious enlightenment.

The second type generally errs in that the makers of the so-called
graded curriculum have their minds set too largely on teaching the
Bible instead of teaching children. They aim at lodging safely in
the child's mind so much information and seem to forget that re-
ligion is religion only when made into habits, ideals, attitudes, motives ;
that is, when made a part of life.

The third type is relatively new in religious education. Many of
its attempts are no doubt faulty, yet the most hopeful thing about it
is that it is starting from the right point of view and with right methods.
The selection of material and the organization of the course of lessons
in accordance with the needs of the child in his spiritual develop-
ment is attempted. The subject matter is made not an end in itself,
but an instrument for stimulating, shaping and training the child's
moral and religious powers.

To achieve this worthy end we must, (i) Revitalize religion itself,
bringing it into closer functional contact with our lives. (2) Mobilize
the trained scholars from the field of general education and unite with
them experienced workers in religion to work upon the problem of
constructing a curriculum for religious education, and a plan for its
administration in church schools. (3) Distinguish between Biblical
training and training in religion. (4) Discard all non-graded cur-
riculum attempts. Lay aside the disconnected topical arrangement of
curriculum material now commonly followed in many of the graded
systems. (5) Deal with the great fundamentals of religious educa-
tion which are applicable to all Christians of all denominations alike.
(6) Completely separate the publication of curriculum material from
denominational financial interests and control. (7) Establish model
schools under trained direction for testing out the developing cur-
riculum. (8) Let this convention not adjourn without taking definite
action toward a worthy curriculum of religious education.

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION 105

THE PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC CURRICULA MAKING
By Charles L. Robbins,

Xew York Training School for Teachers

In matters of general educational aims and purposes it will be
assumed that we all have a fair degree of agreement — regardless of
our individual peculiarities of phraseology. I believe that we can
all agree in such matters as the following: The highest ideals of
life and education will be realized through emphasizing social ends ;
but due attention must be given individual talents, differences and
rights. Progress lies along the road of intelligent experimentation.
As "Faith without works is dead," so ideas that do not function are
valueless. The problems of education are of peculiar importance in
a democracy. Careful religious training is the right of every child
and is of tremendous importance in the life of the nation.

The principle of "Control through Purpose," though very obvious,
is often neglected where it is clearly essential. There is danger in
vagueness of purpose and in conflict of aims, yet there is a more
insidious menace in that vagueness which lurks in a form of words
which is too hazy for general understanding and agreement.

Another principle is that of "Adaptation to Child Development."
Shall logical consideration such as the nature, scope and organization
of the subject matter be the determining factors, or shall the psycho-
logical demands of the developing child guide in the making of a
curriculum? Modern psychology emphasizes the difference between
the child and the adult, and the need, therefore, of diflferent treatment.
Life is a process of development through which, without abrupt
changes, the individual gradually passes from stage to stage of his
evolution.

The function of consciousness is to bring about a superior adjust-
ment of the individual with his environment. Mere acquisition of
knowledge without corresponding mental and physical response is
valueless. The school has often eliminated the latter part of the
process. Great stress has always been laid on the acquisition of knowl-
edge, but not always upon the vital and actual use of the knowledge
gained. In the making of curricula we must pay more attention
to the selection of material which will lead to action. We must,
indeed, include those activities in the curricula which are the ap-
propriate responses to the ideas presented.

"The Principle of Experimentation" involves the most careful
study of the problems. The mere feeling of need of improvement is

106 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

not sufficient. It must be supplemented by an understanding of the
conditions involved. The next step is to discover or invent possible
solutions. The third step is that of careful application of the idea
which is proposed. A fourth step is the study of results. Finally we
come to the stage where our theory, our practice and our judgment
of results combine to lead us to modifications, readjustments, or even
possible rejection of our plans, to start the process all over again.

SUGGESTIONS FOR STANDARDIZATION AND

SUPERVISION

By Dr. Robert L. Kelly,

Executive Secretary of the Council of Church Boards of Education
In discussing this subject the first thing we need to know is what
is meant by a unit, and then how to control the conditions for same.

1. A unit of Bible study worthy of credit in admission for col-
lege must first of all be pursued in a school which provides a suitable
classroom. This must include proper lighting, heating, ventilating,
material and equipment.

2. There must be adequate library facilities and good textbooks.

3. There must be proper laboratory and field facilities where the
student's "doing" can be measured against his "hearing."

4. The course must be constructed in the light of modern psycho-
logical, pedagogical and administrative knowledge and practice. Per-
haps the most authoritative course thus far devised is the one recom-
mended by the Association of Biblical Instructors in American Colleges
and Secondary Schools.

5. Periodical records must be kept on the work of the individuals
and the class, and be available for the inspector.

6. A time limit should be placed upon the accreditment of the
school to insure progress in its equipment and other improvements.

7. There must be an adequate teaching force.

8. The inspection should be rigid and thorough, but sympathetic,
and the inspector should evaluate the tone of the entire school.

9. The standards adopted must be such as will not tend to "over-
load the mind with a cargo of doctrine," leaving the deep things of
the spirit unevaluated. There must yet be devised a unit sufficiently
comprehensive to include, in addition to knowledge, habit, methods of
work, interests, ideals, power of appreciation, emotional and will
values, conduct as expressed in social relationships.

It is becoming apparent that such standards must be set by
religious experts and the supervision must be cared for by those

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION 107

more immediately responsible for the progress of religious education.
The Religious Education Association, the Association of Biblical In-
structors in American Colleges and Secondary Schools, the Interna-
tional Sunday School Association, the Council of Church Boards of
Education, are all working on this problem. A commission appointed
by the latter body, selected with reference to the various phases of
educational and religious activity involved in this large problem would
probably constitute the most capable and effective standardizing agency.
As to supervision it would seem that the best suggestion which
might be made along this line, at least for the present, is that this
problem might well be placed in the hands of the college faculties
working under the general jurisdiction of the Council of Church
Boards and its affiliated agencies. Specifically, this work could be
done by professors of Biblical literature, of religious education and
of the science of education, and at times, no doubt, by college presi-
dents and other competent college officials.

DAILY VACATION BIBLE SCHOOLS
By Rev. Robert G. Boville,

Founder of the Movement and International Director
The public school, though not godless, cannot go beyond the recog-
nition of God and the Bible, and only through the spirit and example
of its teachers is it religious. The Sunday School also is limited,
having but one hour per week and enrolling only half of the 20,000,000
children in the public school. Yet these two agencies together have
saved America from barbarism. What can now be done to enlarge
their influence and to reach the 10,000,000 children outside the pale
of religious training? The answer is to be found in the daily
vacation Bible school, a movement in which already eighteen denomina-
tions are represented, with the International Association of Daily
Vacation Bible Schools as the parent body.

The movement began in a realization of three great idle forces;
idle children at play in city streets, idle students and teachers at home
on vacations, and idle churches with closed doors during the greater
part of the week. It began in 1901 in several Baptist churches of
New York, but soon spread to other denominations and cities until
in 1907 a national organization was effected for its promotion, which
has now become the International Association of Daily Vacation Bible
Schools.

The program of such a school consists of a brief opening period of
worship. The kindergarten section then marches out to music to follow

108 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

its own program of games and Bible stories. In the main school a
health or habit talk is given, opened by the school reciting, "Know
ye not that your bodies are the temple of the Holy Ghost?" Then
follows the daily Bible lesson with the memorizing of a text or
passage and the reading of a few key verses. The method of presenta-
tion varies according to the special talents of the staff. It may be
in story form, or worked out on a sand table, or acted in dramatic
fashion. A music or concert period follows, beginning with simple
breathing exercises to give the needed physical preparation. Only
the best music and the best hymns are used — hymns that come within
the range of the child's experience; that exalt God and duty and
character; that bring a message from God, nature, life and the
national spirit; songs that appeal to the boys as well as to the girls,
and to a wide range of moods and emotions. Each season about
twenty such hymns and songs are memorized, visualized and sung
with proper shading.

The second hour is filled with work — cord work, wood, brass, sloyd,
reed, chair caning, cobbling, whittling, for boys, and dress-making,
crocheting, cooking, rug-making, quilting and Red Cross work, for

NEGROES APPRECIATE IT

Read in Chapter XII of the way in which the Negroes
have become interested in teacher training. Perhaps some
secretaries can encourage white audiences to do more.

girls. Manual occupation thus completes the religious work, and
religion imparts the true labor spirit to the children. Co-operation,
fairness and thoroughness is the spirit in the workroom.

At the close of the morning session the school reassembles, salutes
the flag, receives the children's benediction, and marches out. The
afternoon is devoted to the welfare of children out of doors ; organiza-
tion and direction of play, visitation of homes and to excursions.

Children are thus being made happier, their habits made better,
their lives safer, their hands kept busy. Their morals are improved,
their patriotism awakened, and the knowledge of and love for the
Bible and its author enlarged. What has been done for a small group
of children can and should be done for the great army of children of
our country and of the world. We need a new vision of the world's
children, a new missionary hymn about the world's children, a new

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION 109

crusade to save the world's children and to lead the little ones to
Him Who said, "Suffer the little children to come unto me, for of
such is the kingdom of God."

(Further information and help on this subject can be secured by
writing to Rev. Robert G. Boville, International Director, 90 Bible
House, New York.)

THE ORGANIZATION OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
WITHIN THE COMMUNITY

By Dr. Walter S. Atheam,

Professor of Religious Education, Boston University, and Chair-
man of the Education Department, International
Sunday School Association

This paper recognizes that in the future there will be an increased
emphasis on community work in religious education. A number of
distinct types of community organization have been suggested, and
attempts have been made to put some of them into actual practice.
The task of religious education is to motivate conduct in terms of
a religious ideal of life. It follows that a community program of
religious education must seek the complete correlation of the public
schools and the church schools. In this field there will be both denom-
inational and community interests to be recognized, yet a clear cut
distinction should be made between denominational and community
programs. In the study of the problems of educational organization
and administration, the church should profit by the experience of the
public school and the church college, and base its principles of educa-
tional administration on the experience of those schools during the
past hundred years.

There is abundant evidence drawn from both secular and religious
educational practices to justify the following statement of principles
of organization.

a. Any board of education created to protect vested interests of
any kind will be ineffective and in the end detrimental to the welfare
of the childhood of the community.

b. The organization which is responsible for the educational
program of a community should also be responsible for the financial
support of the educational system.

c. The organization of religious education in a community should
guarantee the academic freedom of the schools and promote the
professional standards of teachers and officers.

d. The community system of religious education should rest upon

no FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

the Christian citizenship of the community and be independent of all
other organizations.

e. The unit of local administration must be conscious of its rela-
tionship to the entire educational system.

Setting aside the attempts at community control of religious educa-
tion through such agencies as the Federal Council of Churches or the
Sunday School Council of Evangelical Denominations, or the Religious
Educational Council of Canada, all of which attempts are based upon
the wrong principle of exalting denominational partisanship, I advocate
the citizenship plan which has incorporated all of the principles set
forth above.

1. It rests upon the religious citizenship of the community.

2. It recognizes that there are denominational ideals and interests
which various religious bodies wish to preserve.

3. It does not desire to build an intangible something known
as a "community church" as a substitute for the churches already
existing. All the product of the community system of religious educa-
tion will be turned back into the churches of the community.

4. Representation in this plan is territorial, not class or denomina-
tional. The citizens of the community elect their board of directors,
and when once elected this board represents the whole people of that
community.

WEEK-DAY RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS IN TOWNS, VIL-
LAGES AND RURAL COMMUNITIES
By Rev. Howard R. Vaughn

The first session of the religious day school was held in a farming
community in Wisconsin, in the summer of 1900. For more than
two years we had been organized, but it had proved impossible to
get a teacher who would undertake the task. We proposed to hold
the school every day for two weeks, six hours a day. The pupils were
to have notebooks, blackboards and such equipment as was needed for
a school. They were to have real lessons, and were to be held strictly
accountable for them. Discipline was to be kind but firm. In fact,
we required a 100 per cent school for the teaching of religious truth.

The first trial proved a great success, and so has every other
attempt since that, not only in the small rural districts, but also in
larger centers and cities of from 20,000 to 50,000 people, and even
in Madison, Wis., the state capital, and home of a great state university.
The schools have generally held only forenoon sessions, from 9 to 12
o'clock, and it was found that more instruction is imparted in two

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION 111

weeks of intensive work than the average Sunday School accom-
plishes in eighteen months. Another good result of this work is
that it tends to steady the attendance at Sunday School, make the
pupils more responsive in class, both to discipline and in the prepara-
tion of the lesson. As a means of community uplift, it has also
been a real power.

As to the program and courses of study, a limited number are in
the possession of Miss Lorena Church, Rockford College, Rockford,
111., and may be obtained by sending your address and inclosing a
three-cent stamp.

CHANGING CONCEPTIONS OF THE AIMS OF NEGRO

EDUCATION AND ATTITUDE OF THE CHURCH

By Rev. W. E. Hogan,

Assistant Secretary of the Board of Education of the ^Methodist
Episcopal Church South, Nashville, Tenn.

This paper is an attempt to reveal certain changes which the history
of Negro education in the United States shows to have occurred in
its aims, methods and content from the beginning of colored schools
in America to the present time. This history falls into four periods.

The first is that prior to 1861, or the period of slavery. The time
and place of the establishment of the first schools for Negroes in
America are lost in tradition. It is certain that Negro education
before the war was very meager and met with continual opposition.
Such schools were of only elementary grade, and gave only the barest
rudiments of learning to the few children who attended.

The second period covers the years 1861-1875, and is the period
of experimentation. Scores of so-called "colleges" and ''universities"
were established throughout the South to which thousands of colored
children as well as adults flocked for instruction. Yet this activity was
without definite aim on the part either of the teachers from the North
or the emancipated slaves. Beyond the itinerant preaching of the gospel
and the teaching of the simplest rudiments of common school studies,
the educational endeavor of this period was aimless or without the
real needs of the Negro race in mind.

The third period is that of imitation, from 1875-1900. The scheme
of education adopted for the Negro after the period of experimenta-
tion was as nearly as possible like that which a century before had
been projected for the choicest New England youth. The traditional
subjects — Latin, Greek and mathematics— were in high favor. This
race, which had hitherto been denied the knowledge of the alphabet.

112 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

began the building of its system of schools by projecting a scheme
of higher education on the level of European culture. The aim of
Negro education during this period became the development of schools
exactly like those for white people.

The period from 1900-1918 is the period of readjustment. Some of
the new forces in the educational world which made this inevitable
are standardization of schools, racial confidence and racial pride
awakened in the Negro, changing attitude toward industrial education,
better supervision of schools, and the separation of trade schools and
colleges.

Present indications are that Negro education is entering upon a
new era of progress, and that the church and all other agencies in-
terested in its promotion are fairly well agreed that the following
types of Negro schools in the South should be fostered and strength-
ened.

1. Elementary public schools in which instruction in the elementary
branches is made thorough and which include specific instruction in
hygiene and home sanitation.

2. Industrial education, the function of which will be to show the
dignity of labor, to teach the trades thoroughly and effectively, and
to supply the demand for trained industrial leaders.

3. A limited number of higher educational institutions for the
few who have the capacity, money, time and inclination to take the
special training necessary for the equipment of the leaders and pro-
fessional men of the race.

CHAPTER V

FIELD DEPARTMENT

The purpose of the Field Department Conference was to study
plans and methods of Association organization, that the field might
come to be so organized as to make effective the educational program
of the association. During the first half of the afternoon all interested
assembled together; the last part of the afternoon was devoted to
special phases of Association organization.

GENERAL PERIOD

ORGANIZATION OF THE FIELD DEPARTMENT
By Professor Henry S. Jacoby,

Chairman Field Department Committee, International Sunday School
Association, Ithaca, New York

AT the first meeting of the Board of Trustees after the Chicago
Convention in 1914, both the chairman of the Executive Com-
mittee in a letter, and the General Secretary in his report,
recommended a plan of readjustment in the organization, with three
co-ordinate departments : Education, Field Work, and Business Ad-
ministration, with a tentative outline of the scope of each department.
The recommendation was adopted by the board. It is but fair to add
that this plan was based upon an original proposal made by the Cen-
tral Committee.

At the subsequent meeting of the Executive Committee, the action
of the Board of Trustees was approved and the further development
of readjustment referred to a sub-committee of six, the chairman of
which was the chairman of the Executive Committee. This sub-com-
mittee reported to the Board of Trustees at its session of September
20, 1915, and recommended a development of the plan of readjustment
which was suggested by E. H. Nichols, the Treasurer of the Associa-
tion. The report was adopted subject to subsequent modification in
detail, and the sub-committee was continued.

Another report was made to the Board February 17, 1916, a few
changes in the details of the plan of readjustment were adopted, and
superintendents of the Field and the Administration Departments were
elected. The General Secretary, in conjunction with the Chairman of
the Board and the Chairman of the Executive Committee, were author-
ized to select and appoint a superintendent of the Education Depart-

113

114 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

ment on part time. The Executive Committee, which was then in
session, confirmed the report with the understanding that any further
readjustments required were referred to the Board of Trustees.

After the superintendent of the Education Department was secured,
the plan of readjustment as in effect July i, 1916, was published in a
separate leaflet for circulation. While the changes gradually worked
out during the preceding two years are officially designated in the
minutes as readjustments, the final form of the organization of the
International Association for administrative purposes was practically
equivalent to a reorganization.

In order to make the line of demarcation clear between the Depart-
ments of Education and Field Work, the following statement was
adopted :

The Department of Education is responsible for the content of the
educational program of the Association. The Department has its con-
tact with auxiliary associations through their educational committees
and superintendents. This connection is established by the divisional
superintendents and by the Educational Superintendent and his asso-
ciates. The Field Department is responsible for the creation, develop-
ment, and maintenance of the organization and agencies through which
the educational program of the Association can be distributed to the
field. This department will have its contact with the auxiliary or-
ganizations through their executive committees, established by the
Field Superintendent and his staff. This contact will be with the as-
sistance of the divisional superintendents.

On November 21, 1916, the Board of Trustees adopted the principles
of committee formation which were formulated and recommended by
the International Cabinet. Accordingly, the Committee on Field Work
is composed of: (i) A group of general Sunday School men for the
purpose of promotion in the field; (2) a group of three specialists from
each of the divisions. Elementary, Secondary, Adult and School Ad-
ministration; (3) a group of members from the Executive Committee;
(4) the General Secretary and the Superintendents of the departments
and the divisions.

Upon nomination by the Field Superintendent, the Chairman of the
Committee on Field Work was elected by the Executive Committee,
February 14, 1917. The rest of the members of the committee were
elected by the Board of Trustees, September 25, 1917.

Since the membership was thus completed, the first meeting of the
Committee on Field Work was held at Pittsburgh, December 8, 9, 1917,
and the second meeting at Buffalo, February 8, 9, 1918, being followed
in both cases by meetings of the Committee on Education. The sub-
committees are not yet fully organized and at work, but it is expected

FIELD DEPARTMENT 115

that this will occur at as early a date as practicable after this con-
vention.

It should be added that the Executive Committee authorized the
employment of E. W. Halpenny, secretary of the Ontario Sunday
School Association, on the staff of the Field Department, while the ad-
ditional employment of A. M. Locker, Secretary of the Minnesota Sun-
day School Association, was authorized by the Board of Trustees, May
28, 1918.

The preceding account indicates the deliberation and care which was
exercised by the General Secretary, Cabinet, Board of Trustees, and
Executive Committee, in making the reorganization and selecting the
personnel involved.

REPORT OF FIELD DEPARTMENT
By W. C. Pearce,

Superintendent

Immediately following the last International Convention a new plan
of organization was adopted by the International Executive Committee.
This action was taken in the interest of educational efficiency and admin-
istrative economy. The plan of organization provided for the appoint-
ment of three committees : Education, Field, and Business.

At the Board of Trustees* meeting in Chicago, September 25, 1917,
Prof. Jacoby presented the following names of persons who were
elected to membership on the first Field Department Committee of the
International Executive Committee :

General Representatives

Prof. H. S. Jacoby, Ithaca, N. Y., Chairman.
W. C. Pearce, Superintendent.
E. K. Warren, Three Oaks, Mich., President.
Fred A. Wells, Chicago, Chairman Executive Committee.
Marion Lawrance and the International Cabinet.
Prof. Walter S. Athearn, 54 Converse Ave., Maiden, Mass.
E. W. Halpenny, 299 Queen St., W., Toronto, Ont.
_D. W. Sims, 1517 Hurt Building, Atlanta, Ga.
H. L. Baker, Plattenville, La.

George N. Burnie, Occidental Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Herbert H. Smith, care The Continent, Chicago, 111.
Leon C. Palmer, 525 Bell Building, Montgomery, Ala.
R. M. Weaver, Corinth, Miss.
J. H. Little, La Crosse, Kan.
A. F. Sittloh, Denver, Colo.

116 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Special Representatives

Elementary — Mrs. Mary Foster Bryner, 126 Flora Ave., Peoria, 111. ;
Ives L. Harvey, Orviston, Pa. ; Miss Harriet E. Beard, St. Louis, Mo.

Secondary — J. R. Marcum, Huntington, W. Va. ; Miss Anna Branch
Binford, Richmond, Va, ; A. M. Locker, Peoples Bank Building, St.
Paul, Minn.

Adult— W. D. Stem, Des Moines, Iowa; C. C. Stoll, Louisville, Ky.;
F. W. Ramsey, Cleveland Foundry Company, Cleveland, Ohio.

School Administration — J. L. Free, 1004 Prospect Ave., Cleveland,
Ohio; R. N. McEntire, Topeka, Kan.

The first meeting of the Field Department Committee was held in
the William Penn Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa., December 8, 9, 1917. The
committee completed its organization by the election of R. N. McEntire
as Secretary, and making provision for the appointment of some sub-
committees. As the department was new, we had no precedents of
either poHcy or plan of work to guide us, so progress was necessarily
slow.

The second meeting of the committee was held in Hotel Statler,
Buffalo, N. Y., February 8, 9, 1918, Prof. Jacoby in the chair. At this
meeting a large program of work was planned.

Training Association Officers

The more than fifty years of Association development has given to
us at present probably more than 268,000 volunteer district, county.
State and Provincial Association officers. We have also developed a
very definite community or Association program. To avoid wasteful
duplication and insure fruitful work, it is imperative that these Asso-
ciation officers should become familiar with the Association work. The
plans comprise :

a. A series of Association efficiency conferences directed and
supervised by the State and Provincial associations, as follows :

(i) An efficiency conference of District Association officials held
annually to plan the district work and to study the whole Association
policy and program. Sometimes these district conferences may merge
in the county conference.

(2) An Association Efficiency Conference in each county held
annually.

(3) A State or Provincial Conference of Association officers held
annually, either midyear between annual conventions, or in connection
with the annual convention.

b. A series of conferences under the direct supervision of the Inter-
national Association.

FIELD DEPARTMENT 117

(i) International Older Boys' Camp-Conference at Conference
Point, Lake Geneva, Wis.

(2) International Older Girls' Camp-Conference at Conference
Point, Lake Geneva. Both the boys' and girls' conferences are held
annually, and provide a three-year course of study.

(3) An International Training School for Sunday School Asso-
ciation officers. This provides four-year courses on the divisions and
departments, in addition to coaching courses on every phase of Sunday
School Association administrative and office work.

(4) A conference in each of the International districts for State
and Provincial officers only. These to be held probably once each four
years. Or, if it seems best to hold a conference once in each quadren-
nium of all the Association officers in our International field, it has
been authorized.

If the whole field is to be studied territorially and comparatively,
that we may know the progress or loss in the different parts of the
continent, it is vital that there should be a system of gathering data
from the field, and keeping the same in permanent form convenient for
comparative study. In conference with the Committee on Education,
such a system is being developed. The statistical blanks and convention
report blanks are already prepared.

As the Association work grows, it makes ever-increasing demands
for a larger number of employed specialists. For some time the Inter-
national office has kept a record of those who are willing to consider
entering the Association field professionally. The Field Department is
now authorized to make record of all Association paid officials, and to
further develop the apprentice system to supplement the system of
International conferences in finding and training men and women for
Association leadership.

It has been the policy of the International Association to visit offi-
cially each auxiliary Association at least annually. This is usually done
at the time of the State or Provincial convention. The members of
the International field force have been in 331 State and Provincial
conventions during the quadrennium. They have made a total of
nearly sixteen thousand addresses and miscellaneous conference talks,
and traveled approximately 855,500 miles.

Fields Without Paid Supervision
The Association work has always been carried on chiefly by volun-
teers. It should always be so. However, the larger the number of
volunteers who are engaged in the work, the larger is the demand for

118 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

a few men and women who give their whole time to the task of
supervision. Most of the states and provinces have paid general secre-
taries, and many have additional field force, and well-equipped offices.
The associations at present without paid supervision are New Mexico,
Mexico, Montana, Utah, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan,
Wyoming and Cuba and the West Indies. New Mexico has been asso-
ciated with Arizona under one general secretary. They are planning
for a general secretary of their own for all or part time. Wyoming
has been associated with Colorado, but the field was too large for one
man, so they are looking forward to having a general secretary of their
own.

Pennsylvania contributed $500 to help Utah secure a general secre-
tary. This result should be consummated before long.

Montana's general secretary resigned, and the place has not been
filled at the time of this report.

British Columbia, Saskatchewan and Alberta are working under
the plan of federation, caring for all the co-operative work by volunteer
leaders.

Cuba has under way plans that will give to them paid supervision
at an early date. The work done in Cuba under the leadership of Mr.
Neblett, made possible by the generous gifts of men in Louisiana, has
borne a rich fruitage. Though it was not practicable to continue it
on the same basis, it has resulted in the present splendid organization.
The annual convention held in November enrolled over 120 delegates,
representing every part of the nation and showing that each of the six
provinces are organized.

Mexico has been under the cloud of war, which has stopped all of
our Association work. Those in authority, however, think the time is
near at hand when the work there should be undertaken with renewed
vigor.

The work in the West Indies has also been temporarily discontinued
because of the war.

Porto Rico has made wonderful strides. The Evangelical churches
there have united in many kinds of practical Christian work, are editing
a religious paper in behalf of every denomination, and recently, through
united efforts, succeeded, by popular vote, in placing Porto Rico in the
prohibition column. The Sunday School Association work has scarcely
been begun.

The Field Department is doing everything possible to keep the
work organized in these fields during this period of shadow. We
should make every possible effort to keep the Sunday School fires

FIELD DEPARTMENT 119

burning that the childhood and youth may be conserved. If we lose
them, the days of reconstruction will be even darker than the days
of war. In some of these fields the provision for paid support must
be made, in whole or in part, by gifts from friends in other fields.
That such gifts may be made to accomplish permanent results, the
Field Department has adopted the following rules of guidance:

(a) That evidence shall be furnished of the existence of an or-
ganization that is trustworthy and gives promise of permanency.

(b) That reports shall be made of the character and progress of
its work.

(c) That the arrangement should be for a number of years-
say an international quadrennium.

(d) That whether the support be provided by an Association or
by individuals, payments shall be made to said field through the Inter-
national Association Treasurer.

International Districts
Under the leadership of our former chairman, W. N. Hartshorn,
the International field was divided into districts. The development
of the work has seemed to necessitate a slight revision of these dis-
tricts. Under the instruction of the Executive Committee and in con-
ference with the International Cabinet, the following revision has
been recommended to the Executive Committee:
Maritime Provinces.
New England States.
Ontario, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey

and Maryland and Quebec.
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and

Florida, Cuba and West Indies.
Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and West Virginia and

Wisconsin.
Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama.
North and South Dakota, Minnesota, Manitoba and

Saskatchewan.
Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Missouri.
Oklahoma, Arkansas, Texas and Louisiana.
Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico.
Washington (East and West), Montana, Oregon, British

Columbia, Alberta, Alaska.
California (North and South), Nevada, Arizona and

Hawaii.
Mexico and Central America.
When this revision has been modified and adopted, it is the pur-
pose of the Field Department to hold occasional conferences of the
State and Provincial officials for the purpose of studying thoroughly
our Association policy and program, and securing an ever-growing
efficiency.

Dist.

I.

Dist.

IL

Dist.

III.

Dist.

IV.

Dist.
Dist.

V.
VI.

Dist.
Dist.
Dist.
Dist.

VII.

VIII.

IX.

X.

Dist.

XL

Dist.

XII.

1^

120 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

After years of experimentation, the plan which seems best suited
to develop Sunday School Association work among the Negroes is that
used by several associations, viz., for the State Sunday School Associa-
tion to appoint a committee on Negro work and then employ a Negro
superintendent or field man. Georgia, Mississippi, West Virginia and
Kentucky have tried this plan and are confident as to its promise of
both efficiency and permanency.

We now have fourteen cities with paid superintendents — Birming-
ham (Ala), New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Cleveland,
Cincinnati, Toledo, Dayton, Akron (Ohio), Detroit, Kansas City,
Denver and Minneapolis. The great cities are the strategic centers of
America. Here are where the forces of evil and good struggle most
powerfully with each other. Our Sunday School Association work
has a great task to unite the Sunday School forces of these cities,
and through community enterprises to train adequate leadership for
the schools. The religious program of our cities will remain un-
balanced and inadequate until the forces that make for religious educa-
tion are united and effectively directed. The Efficiency Institute has
as its chief objectives a careful survey of the city, the adoption of a
practical program for the City Association, and the perfecting of an
organization to make that program effective. Some plan should be
adopted by which we can help the various State and Provincial Associa-
tions to organize their large cities and secure for their Association
work adequately trained superintendents.

Community Training Schools

Perhaps no development of the field more clearly marks progress
than these community training schools of college grade. The Com-
mittee on Education will report on the standards and educational con-
tent. It is our part to report that during the quadrennium there have
been reported twenty-seven approved schools.

Schools of principles and methods meeting the standard of the
International Committee on Education and receiving permission to
issue International school of principles and methods certificates, are
held under State and Provincial supervision, and also Denominational
supervision. Most of the schools conducted by the State and Provincial
Associations are permanent schools held from year to year. Some of
the Denominational schools are also permanent. Thirty-five of these
schools have been operating during this triennium. Some of the
Denominational schools of principles and methods are held on the
itinerary plan. One hundred and seven such schools: have been grg^nted

FIELD DEPARTMENT 121

permission to issue International certificates during this past triennium.

During the entire quadrennium your superintendent has had to
divide his time between Adult Division, the International Training
School, and the Educational Department. It has been a period of
rapid development and great progress. The Association program
has been developed by the Educational Department, which points the
way to the Field Department as to the kind of organization which is
needed to make the work effective. With Mr. Halpenny already
engaged for our Field Department and the prospect of a superintendent
for the Adult and the Administration Divisions, and the Educational
Department, with another man added to the Field Department, we
should enter the new quadrennium with high hope and renewed
courage.

These days of world crisis are bringing to us a world challenge.
The forces that make for religious education should present a united
front in every community in North America. It shall be the steadfast
purpose of the Field Department to complete the organization in every
part of North America, to provide the track upon which may be carried
our splendid Association educational program. To this end we seek
the sympathetic support of everyone who loves the Master.

WHEN IS A STATE OR PROVINCE ORGANIZED?

By Rev. E. W. Halpenny,

Educational Promotion Secretary, International Sunday School Asso-
ciation

When any state or province fully appreciates the task before it and
adequately adjusts itself by a correlation of forces to perform said
task, that state or province is organized, no matter what the form, or
how elaborate or meagre may be the structure created. The task and
the goal of a State or Provincial Association necessitate some machine.
This, to be efficient, presupposes a few fundamentals :

1. Convention. To ascertain the voice of the people, a convention
of Sunday School workers must be called. Inasmuch as any group of
Sunday School people in unorganized territory have a right to provide
for themselves a state or provincial organization, this first call may
be issued by any leader or group of leaders. It is usually initiated at
the instigation of the organization next in rank above.

2. Constitution. A declaration of purpose and a limited number of
principles laid down as safeguards, the same approved by act of in-
corporation, that property may be received and administered, is of
value, though not necessary.

122 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

3. Committee of Management. The necessity of placing responsi-
bility between conventions demands the existence of a committee of
management. This may be called by different names. It should be
representative. Such committee usually reports to the convention for
approval. For purposes of detail management and promotion of the
desires of the convention committee, a smaller group centrally located,
known as board of trustees, business committee, central executive, etc.,
is needed. There is necessary also, paid or otherwise, an executive
secretary whose business it is to carry out the program and policies
crystallized by the larger committee, approved by the convention, and
entrusted to the sub-executive for execution. The extent to which the
state or provincial committee enlarges its work will demand a greater
or lesser number of department or special committees to which will be
entrusted special features of the work.

4. Connecting Links. In any reasonably large territory there will
be found necessary local organizations auxiliary to the parent body.
Through these organizations, and perhaps sub-organizations under their
direction, will the plan and program of the state or provincial organi-
zation be brought into contact with the individual members of the or-
ganization.

5. Communication. The plans and goals of the organization will
necessitate the creation of literature which should be of at least three
types: (i) Explanatory of the aim and purpose of the association;
(2) Descriptive of methods of procedure for the instruction of local
association officers; (3) Such material as will clearly and definitely
put all necessary matters, in detail, before the unit of membership.

6. Contributions. There will be necessary a finance committee to
secure and disburse funds as the convention may determine.

7. Corner. Somewhere there must be a recognized association
headquarters. It may be an elaborate suite in the best building in a
central city, or it may be a desk and chair in the room at the secretary's
boarding house.

Wherever a representative group of Sunday School workers in any
state or province adequately organize for the promotion of co-operative
Sunday School work; create an executive committee adequate to the
task ; select a volunteer or paid executive officer ; launch a campaign to
create auxiliary organizations; furnish their secretary with the neces-
sary literature stationery, place to write, and postage, and adequately
provide for the payment of bills, that state or province must be deemed
organized.

FIELD DEPARTMENT 123

ASSOCIATION SURVEYS AND RECORDS
By A. M, Locker,

Organization Promotion Secretary, International Sunday School Asso-
ciation

The Association system of reports and records includes convention
and Sunday School statistics.

1. Conventions. Provision has been made for: (a) Systematic en-
rollment of all county, state, and provincial convention delegates, (b)
A summary of county registrations to be sent to the state and provincial
offices, (c) A summary of the reports from the County Associations
sent by the State and Provincial Associations to the International office.

2. Sunday School statistics including: (a) A statistical blank to
be used in reporting the local Sunday School to the County Sunday
School Association, (b) A summary sheet for reporting the statistics
of the county to the State Association, (c) A summary report of the
counties sent by states and provinces to the International office, (d) A
system for keeping permanent records in county, state and provincial
office of both the convention reports and the Sunday School statistics.

Do not ask for anything that cannot be used to advantage in the
field ; ask for what you are to use later on. Then shall we begin to
get somewhere in making our records. Use the common school stand-
ard that denominations have ratified for our use. Find out how each
school in your state or province stands with reference to the local
school standard.

A SYSTEM OF ASSOCIATION OFFICIAL CONFERENCES

By W. C. Pearce

The Field Department has adopted a system of Association officers'
conferences as follows :

1. A county conference for the county and the township or district
association officers.

2. A state or provincial conference of all the county and state offi-
cers once a year.

3. An International district conference once in four years to bring
together in a central place in each International district the officers of
states and provinces of those districts.

4. International Training School at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin.
What should we do in those conferences ? What woul4 be the char-
acter of the program?

124 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

1. Study the problems of the local schools, for it is the purpose of
the Associations to help the local Sunday School finally.

2. Study our Association policies, plans, and programs, community
surveys, whole question of statistics and how to use them, community
training schools, community campaigns such as Children's Week, Bible
class campaigns, etc., with special attention as to how to organize them,
how to guide them, and what literature to issue. We should also study
Association standards, Association visitation, publicity, and finance.

SPECIAL FIELDS
CUBA
By Rev. Sylvester Jones,
Havana, Cuba
I want to give you some reasons why I believe the International
Committee and workers should be interested in the work in Cuba. In
the first place, it is near to us. Again, it is a significant thing that
in the island of Cuba, we have a population approaching three mil-
lion people of the Latin race speaking the Spanish language who are
willing to follow the leadership of America. It rests upon the Chris-
tian churches of America to give Cuba that larger religious life for
which it is hungry. We have i,ooo young men who are teachers and
officers of the Sunday Schools. Our task is to prepare the young men
and the young women of Cuba to fill acceptably the places of leader-
ship in the Christian life of that new republic.

MEXICO

By G. S. Inman,

New York City
The opportunities and needs of Mexico, in the present day, are great.
The United States spent enough money in Mexico trying to catch Villa
(and we did not catch him) to put a church, a Y. M. C. A., a hospital,
and a college, in every town of more than 4,000 population in Mexico;
to endow magnificently each one of these institutions, sustain it with
workers for ten years, and then on top of that to present each one
of the communities with $2,000,000 for its public school system. Never
in the history of Mexico, has there been such wonderful opportunity as
at the present time. Christianity is the thing that will bring to end the
revolution and bring Mexico to a democracy. I bring a challenge to
the International Sunday School Association to put your man down
there as soon as you can, and to multiply him by two or ten.

FIELD DEPARTMENT 125

WORK AMONG THE NEGROES

By Rev. H. C. Lyman,

Worker Among the Negroes, International Sunday School Association
Plowing must precede the harvest. Foundation building must come
before the superstructure. This has been my work in the Negro schools.
The logical source of supply of teachers for the local Sunday School
is the educated young people from the schools, but experience of the
past has shown this to be a non sequitur. The schools have educated
the young people away from the local communities. They have grown
selfish with their education and it has unconsciously initiated them
into an "educated aristocracy." My appeal to the higher grade students
in the schools has given them a clearer vision of their relation to the
race as a whole, shown them a way to help practically in race better-
ment by working through the Sunday Schools.

In seven years, starting from nothing, almost fifteen thousand of
these better educated young people have been enrolled in Sunday School
teacher training classes under trained teachers for leaders. Seventy-
four of the better grade institutions have incorporated Sunday School
teacher training into the required curriculum work.

OTHER SPECIAL FIELDS
By W. C. Pearce

By "special fields" we refer to those that must be either wholly or
partially supported from the outside. Among the special fields that
need our attention at this time are Cuba, Porto Rico, Alaska, the Canal
Zone, Utah, and Wyoming. Since we have come here, plans have been
arranged and money provided to give Cuba a secretary for three
months of the year. Porto Rico is ready for a great onward move-
ment. Plans have already been made to hold our first Sunday School
convention in that field. Alaska is ready for a great piece of work to
be done there when we have the money and leadership. We need to
widen our horizon and reinforce our man and money power to care for
these fields that are white for a great harvest.

TELL THE SECRETARIES

Every school secretary ought to read the findings of the
secretaries' conference in Chapter X. Call this chapter to
the attention of every secretary and superintendent in every
school you visit.

126 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

SECTION 1— STATE AND PROVINCIAL ASSOCIATION

WORK

REVISED PLAN OF DISTRICT ORGANIZATION
By Professor Henry S. Jacoby

It must be confessed that, with a few conspicuous exceptions, but
little use has been made of the district organization for which eleven
district presidents were elected four years ago. Among these excep-
tions were the district conferences at Louisville and Denver.

For the next quadrennium the Executive Committee has adopted,
upon the recommendation of the Committee on Field Work, the policy
of holding a conference in each district during the quadrennium. These
conferences are intended for all members of executive committees, of-
ficers and employed staff of the State and Provincial Associations.

It is expected that the entire staff of the International Association
is to attend each district conference. It is naturally expected that the
state officers and workers can gain valuable information by discussing
their common problems with each other, and may acquire something
of the wider outlook of the entire field from the International staff
and the members of the International staff can learn actual needs of
the field, learn what part of the work as carried on heretofore is most
valuable and should be continued with or without modifications ; what
new work should be undertaken from the point of view of the state
or province; and what work formerly necessary may under present
conditions be discontinued or given but minor consideration.

« SCHOOLS OF PRINCIPLES AND METHODS

By Professor Isaac B. Burgess,
General Secretary, New Jersey Sunday School Association
A school of principles and methods should be linked closely with
the permanent state or provincial organization. They have proved
their value in many places. Asbury Park in New Jersey is an admirable
example. In 1913 only six counties out of twenty-one were not repre-
sented; in 1917 at least two from every one of the twenty-one counties
were in attendance. The total number of registered students in 191 7
was 427.

[After a discussion it was voted as the sense of the conference that
the International Association be asked to consider the possibilities of
promoting schools of principles and methods as a part of their educa-
tional and field program.]

FIELD DEPARTMENT 127

SECTION 2— CONFERENCE ON COUNTY ASSOCIATION

WORK

A. M. Locker, who presided, led a general discussion on "A County
Organized." A county is organized when it holds a convention, and
elects officers, — a president, vice-president, secretary, treasurer, and
department superintendents. A county is completely organized when
every district has a complete organization. We organize to benefit the
local schools.

Herman Bowmar of Missouri, spoke on "A County Association Pro-
gram." He said: "The program of a County Association has two
functions. The first centers in the local school, bringing to the local
schools the highest ideals. The second centers in the community. It
unifies the Christian task of the community. There are three phases of
a county program : field — financial — educational.

"The county should be put on a business basis. This program
should be carried out through the four divisions, by holding elementary
conversationals, older boys' and girls' conferences, federation of the
adult classes.

SECTION 3— CONFERENCE ON CITY ASSOCIATION

WORK

Samuel B. Fares, General Secretary Philadelphia County Sunday
School Association, Philadelphia, Pa., presided.

Mr. Fares : "If we ever solve the problems that face us as Chris-
tians leaders, we must solve them in our cities."

W. C. Pearce : "In the city we find evil and wickedness. We find
them in the country, too, but they are not organized there.

"There is great need that more of our cities be organized for Sun-
day School Association work. The International is planning to con-
duct a campaign for such organization in from thirty to one hundred
cities, the selection of the cities to be made by the states and provinces.

"We need a standard for city organization. We must have a great
program for our city Association work ; we must build up a community
spirit. Our program must recognize the industrial problems and must
match the conditions of life in a big city. We must organize our
cities in such a way as to take care of week-day religious instruction,
week-night classes, daily vacation Bible schools, and the like."

128 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

SECTION 4— CONFERENCE ON RURAL WORK

Franklin Beckwith, Community Betterment Superintendent, New
York Sunday School Association :

"The State Association is responsible for the religious education of
all the people and the Association program must be carried down per-
sonally to the superintendent in the remote school. The program must
be well defined, carefully prepared, and educational, not entertaining.
It should be elastic and sufficient to reach the whole life educationally,
socially, spiritually. It should be a home-made program. The state
may frame up a general program, but the people on the ground should
have a hand in making it.

"Have a community betterment week. Co-operate with the superin-
tendent of public schools. Have lectures in the interest of education,
better farming, health and whatever will put good into the community.
Have a Sunday School day. Develop community pride."

E. T. Albertson, Colorado: "Country people are naturally retiring.
They have somehow gotten the idea that they can't do things. Help
them to believe that they can. Plan an educational program that has
to do with the life of the people. Raising hogs and cattle, mines and
graded roads are a part of Christianity. Help people to believe that
they ought to raise better cattle because they are Christians.

Delegate from Pennsylvania: "We work in co-operation and co-
ordination with other community welfare movements, the Red Cross,
and the Y. M. C. A. Their work is backed by the county association.
At the county fair we have an exhibit of Sunday School work, as well
as day school and farm work. We co-operate with the Food Adminis-
tration. There is a war saving society in every school."

SECTION 5— CONFERENCE ON NEGRO WORK

Rev. Homer C. Lyman, presided. D. W. Sims of Georgia, gave an
informal report of the work of K. D. Reddick, who has been working
through the colored churches in Georgia under his supervision. Ques-
tions and general discussion brought out the suggestion that it seems
wise to enlarge the work through the separate State Associations, but
it was agreed that it would take much time, careful culture, and close
supervision before efficient separate organizations for colored people
could be built up. The plan for holding co-incident meetings for col-
ored people whenever there was a school of principles and methods
or other educational effort for the white, using the same speakers
for the colored school as for the white school, was recommended.

CHAPTER VI

BUSINESS DEPARTMENT

REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT TO CONVENTION

By Robert Cashman,
Business Superintendent, International Sunday School Association,

Chicago

THE work of the Business Department of the International
Sunday School Association divides itself naturally into two
classes, office management and finance. The efficiency of either
largely determines the success of the other.

In the years previous to 1912 there had never been a Business
Superintendent or a Business Committee. There had been what was
known as a Headquarters Committee to assist in the business affairs
of the Association.

At the Chicago Convention in 1914, E. H. Nichols, Treasurer, sug-
gested the organization of a Business Committee which should meet
at least once each month and give careful consideration to the busi-
ness affairs of the Association. The work of this committee grew in
extent until it was taken over two years ago by the Board of Trustees,
who assumed responsibility for all business affairs of the Association.

Feeling, however, that there was great need for specialized work
along business lines, the International Executive Committee at its
meeting in February, 1918, asked for the reappointment of a Busi-
ness Committee to co-operate with the Business Superintendent, and
we are happy to announce that at the meeting of the Board of
Trustees a month ago Lansing F. Smith of St. Louis, treasurer of the
Missouri State Sunday School Association, was elected chairman of
the new Business Committee.

Our Treasurer has reported that not less than a third of our
budget of $350,000 for the past quadrennium has been raised since the
Chicago Convention. You may be interested in knowing how this
has been done. In the first place, six tours were conducted, covering
the states of Illinois, Ohio, New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia,
Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Colorado, Kansas and Missouri,
from which our Association has derived about $25,000.

129

130 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Dr. 11. Fl. Bell, uiie of our International Vice Presidents, residing
in San Francisco, and Thomas V. Ellzey of Canadian, Texas, our
Recording Secretary, both have given several weeks of their time
within the past two years to the direct solicitation of funds for the
Association in co-operation with the Business Superintendent.

Mr. Excell has reported the handling of more than a quarter of a
million dollars. Back of that sum of money lies the individual con-
sideration of at least 50,000 collection letters which have gone out
from the headquarters office to our 5,000 contributors. This means an
average of a letter for every minute and a half of working time.
These written messages travel 100,000,000 miles annually.

Last month our work had grown to such an extent that it was
necessary to move to larger quarters. We found space one floor
above our location in the Mailers Building, Chicago. The office now
occupies 2,200 square feet of space, houses ten superintendents and as
many helpers. I wish I could take you all on a tour of inspection
through our headquarters office. I would like to introduce you per-
sonally to each of the ten helpers, and to the managers of the printing
establishments, supply houses and others who make the International
Association possible. Back of every convention speaker in the field
there is an efficient departmental and headquarters organization at
home.

Our Association has issued in the last four years not less than
5,000,000 leaflets. Placed line after line, the copy used in Interna-
tional leaflets would reach ten times around the world. This involves
the distribution of about 100 different educational leaflets which are
sold at cost, and about half as many other leaflets which are used for
publicity and other purposes and are distributed without charge.

The Business Department has been largely responsible for the pro-
duction of our Association paper, the "International Searchlight."
This magazine is sent not only to our contributors, but parts of it are
syndicated in many State Association papers, so that it reaches a
constituency of probably 50,000 readers. I believe the "Searchlight"
has had much to do with the financial success which has come to the
Treasury Department during the past year, this being the only means
used to keep our contributors informed of the work made possible by
their investments.

In behalf of the Business Department, I wish to express our appre-
ciation at this time for the co-operation of our thousands of friends
throughout the continent who, through their gifts and their counsel,
have made the International Association what it is today.

BUSINESS DEPARTMENT 131

BUSINESS DEPARTMENT WOULD BE HELPFUL
By Robert Cashman

l^or many years preceding the Chicago Convention in 1914 there
had been what was known as the Headquarters Committee to super-
vise the business of the Association, in co-operation with the General
Secretary.

In June, 1914, at the recommendation of E. H. Nichols, Treasurer
of the International Association, a business committee was organized
under a ruling of the Board of Trustees to act in all business affairs
of the Association between meetings of the board. This committee
was likewise instructed to carry out the recommendations of the board
concerning budget, reorganization, etc. .\s yet no Business Depart-
ment had been created.

On July I, 1916, by vote of the Executive Committee, the work of
the International Association was divided into three departments,
Education, Field Administration and Business Administration. From
this time forward monthly meetings of the Business Committee were
held and great progress was made in the standardizing of methods and
the promotion of office efficiency.

There has been a great lack of unity in the business standards of
the auxiliary Associations of the continent and strong appeals have
come from treasurers and others for a harmonizing of financial
records, report blanks and other forms. Ideas are needed with regard
to filing systems, collections, financial campaigns, etc., and it is the
thought of the Business Department not only to study the problems
of the International Association and its auxiliaries, but to furnish help
to the entire continent along business lines.

HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF LETTERS
By Charles R. Wiers,

Chief Correspondent. Larkin Company, Buffalo, N. Y.

Advertising and letter writing are partners. Neither can be suc-
cessful in the hands of incompetents. The successful correspondent
should be educated, tactful, a keen observer, enthusiastic and a student
of human nature.

No man can write unless he believes in himself, in his employer
and the products of his house.

The chief characteristics of a good letter are brevity, courtesy,
clearness, sincerity and imagination. A letter without sentiment is
like a man without feeling.

132 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Avoid useless expressions, such as "We beg to say," "Enclosed
herewith," "Enclosed please find," "Contents noted." If you have
something to say, say it.

Five rules of success in letter writing are these : Try to form a
picture of the one you are addressing; try to appreciate the local con-
ditions under which he works; try to get a fairly accurate idea of
his hkes and dislikes; remember there is no one who is not susceptible
to the right appeal. When you have finished this study of your man
and his local situation, talk to him sensibly as man to man.

In style be natural. Be yourself. Be simple and comprehensive.
Make plain to your correspondent in simple language that he can
understand the things you have in your heart to say.

If you are to interest another you must give him tangible facts,
something that will excite his interest and inspire a quick appreciation
of what you have to offer. Place his interest first and subordinate
yours.

Too much care cannot be given to typewriting. Errors and erasers
should not be permitted. Adopt a standard and see that it is lived up
to by your entire force. Avoid abbreviations, spell every word in full,
both in the letter and in the address.

Use care in your stationery. Your letterhead should combine qual-
ity, dignity and individuality.

A correct letter is conversation at a distance; it is a passing
revelation of human nature. See that your stationery, your letter-
head, your letters, properly reveal yourself and the cause you represent.

STATE ASSOCIATION PAPERS

By C. A. Osborne,

Church Publishing House, Chicago

There are three topics involved which we may discuss : The goal
or objective sought; the style and method of attack; the material and
equipment to be used.

Various ideas and ideals are cherished by different editors. One
editor's object is to make the newspaper a record of achievements.
Another wishes a bulletin board to display to his constituency an-
nouncements of plans and programs, standards and methods. A third
may use his paper for the discussion of new theories and philosophies ;
new forms of Sunday School work and new tenets in psychology and
theology. A fourth may incline toward literary essays and material
for the culture of the intellectual life of his readers.

BUSINESS DEPARTMENT 133

All of these objectives may fitly have consideration, and perhaps
some share in an Association paper, but the paper is effective only as
it becomes an agency for spiritual education, for the culture of higher
life and the bringing in of the Kingdom through the agency of the
Sunday School — the "biggest work in the world." The reason Sears,
Roebuck & Co. did $150,000,000 worth of business last year was
"printers' ink." There is absolutely no agency for accomplishing so
many and such big results in Association work as the Association
paper wisely and effectively used.

As to style and method, I suggest :

a. The cover counts half in appearance, which is the basis of all
appeal. An attractive cover with a good picture or challenging caption
is a necessity.

b. Typography is also vital. Don't use 8-point type. Use either
9-point or lo-point, and then secondary matter that must go in may be
put in 6-point type. Have the heroism to cut your "copy" rather than
size of type.

c. Headlines which epitomize the message are of supreme value.

d. Illustrations are expensive but can not be entirely omitted.
Material and "copy" will of course vary according to circumstances

and editorial vision, but I suggest:

a. Begin on page 3 — never on page 2 — with a regular heading and
leading article ; on page 2 put a full page display article, or an adver-
tisement. Follow with departments and an arrangement that will
enable readers to know what to expect and where to find it.

b. Departments and their special articles are wise just so far as
worth-while messages (and not "something to fill in") are secured.

c. There should be at least one serious, forward-looking article
in which a vital theme is treated with some adequacy.

d. A full page of "Standards of Efficiency," giving an outline for
standardizing a school, or some complete schedule of directions to
county and township officers, or any similar program of continuous
value.

e. A special annual number may be issued in extra quantity and
used as a manual to put into the hands of all new officers and workers
throughout the year.

In brief, there must be an Association paper with such balance,
dignity and perspective, such harmonious and correlated content and
arrangement, as will command and secure attention ; convince and
persuade ; move to action and secure results in the culture of the
spiritual life and the upbuilding of the Kingdom of God.

134 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

OFFICE EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE WELL PLANNED
By Roland Cole,

Youman and Erbe Company, Rochester, N. Y.

Wherever there is lack of system there is lack of thinking and
planning. Mechanical tools do not constitute a system and can not
be depended upon to act automatically without some help from the
human side.

There is a great difference between a filing system and a method
of storing things away. Most filing systems are not filing systems, but
storage systems, where both transferred matter and current matter is
packed away without proper classification.

Every office has a great many non-essential records and papers.
Many of these may be destroyed at once, as they are of no value and
fill the files with useless material, making it more difficult to find
valuable papers when needed. A good plan is to set aside for this
purpose a drawer, labeled "miscellaneous" or "temporary," equipped
with a set of alphabetical subdivision cards. Place in this drawer
every paper of doubtful value properl}^ indexed. Periodically this
file may be gone through to see whether by mistake any important
letter has found its way thereto, and the contents thrown aw^ay or
destroyed. The use of such a drawer will inculcate the habit of dis-
crimination and make a big reduction in filed records. Every office
should seek to reduce the bulk of its records to the smallest possible
quantity.

To plan a new way of doing things always takes extra thinking,
but this thinking generally brings an unexpected dividend in the sav-
ing of time and work. As a matter of fact, there is time in which to
do everything. Once you become impressed that a thing can be
improved, you suddenly discover you have time to work out the
improvement.

Too little filing space means that current papers do not remain at
hand during the full period of reference. Too much means that
papers will be allowed to remain in the current files beyond the period
of their usefulness. Conditions in all offices vary. In some offices
papers may be said to be current for only a month or two, while in
others they continue to be current for a year or over. Making allow-
ance for all exceptions, the proper size of filing system for your
business is a cabinet which permits you to keep six months' correspond-
ence for easy reference. Correspondence for the other six months
should not he removed too far away for easy reference, while older

BUSINESS DEPARTMENT 135

correspondence may be transferred with all safety out of the office.

When installing a filing system, do not base the number of drawers
required wholly on the quantity of incoming and outgoing letters, but
make provision for other papers, two or four extra file drawers for
letters, state papers, photographs, etc. Photograhs are always best
filed vertically, by name or otherwise. A follow-up feature is an
absolutely essential part of every record-keeping system. Every filing
system, whether for letters or other papers, should have one drawer
in which there should be a set of daily and monthly guides for the
follow-up. The best way of using this follow-up is to make two
copies of every outgoing letter, one carbon copy attached to the letter
to which it is a reply and filed in the regular way. Tlie other copy
filed by the date of follow-up. The original letter should bear the date
of follow-up in pencil, so that any piece of correspondence may be
located by referring to the letters filed alphabetically. This will show-
where the second carbon may be found by date.

Always file correspondence alphabetically where possible. It is the
most natural way to refer to the letters, whether the filing is done by
name of the individual or organization. The location method of filing
by state, district, county or city possesses a great many advantages,
but it should only be given consideration when the alphabetical method
wall not work, or where a cross-reference is desired to names which
are already indexed alphabetically in connection with some other record.
Filing correspondence or records b}^ subject presents plenty of difficul-
ties and the subject method never should be adopted under any con-
sideration where the alphabetical or location systems will work. The
average small business office has no need to adopt a subject method.

Be on the lookout for mechanical devices. They take away the
doing of dull, monotonous work and give opportunity for constructive
work. Every desk should be equipped with an "incoming" and an
"outgoing" tray, so that when the incoming mail is distributed there
is one definite place to put it and one place to which the department
head or manager is accustomed to look. The "outgoing" tray is
designed to hold all the matter ready to be filed away. The funda-
mental idea of efficiency is the prompt distribution of papers and
records with one handling. Your desk should be provided with trays
and facilities for doing everything with a piece of paper that can pos-
sibly happen to it, except to sidetrack it. There must be a place to
put every paper which you v/ant to look up ; for every paper on which
you are waiting information ; for papers held for dictation and papers
ready for the files.

136 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

THE GREATNESS OF LITTLE THINGS

By H. J. Heinz, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Everything that is worth while has a small beginning. From boy-
hood I was taught the importance of Httle things and to do the common
thing uncommonly well.

Many young men who enter business life are not willing to pay the
price of success. They think they must do big things right away. I
know a business where there are fifty partners. Every man began at
the bottom and worked his way up, step by step.

Men who draw large salaries or who have become partners are
masters of detail. The detail man usually is the winner.

He who tries to do all himself is practicing false economy. After
you master detail, coach others to take your place. It is poor economy
for a $5,000 man to do work that can be done by a $6 a week boy.

Many men fail because they do not realize they can become great
by hard work. Between the ages of 20 and 40 I did my best work
between the hours of 7 and 11 at night.

COMPLETE ELEMENTARY MANUAL

If you have anything to do with the work of the Children's
Division above the management of the department in a
local school, you can profit by reading carefully Chapter VII.
It's a complete manual for Children's Division officers.

If success grew on trees, every man would have his own orchard.
We must work for success, not for dividends.

There is another man who does not appreciate the greatness of
little things. He is the one who says, "I never make a mistake." Our
mistakes should teach us to prevent the repetition of such mistakes.

A smile is a little thing. It doesn't cost much, but it is a great
winner and a very valuable asset in an office.

Power is today the great goal for which men are striving. Influ-
ence may secure a good position, but it requires work and application
to hold it. Men will tell you that money wins its way through the
world. That's a mistake. Christian character and ability count today
as never before.

Character is a thing often overlooked in the mad rush for wealth
and fame, but Christian character is the only thing that is enduring for
time and eternity.

BUSINESS DEPARTMENT 137

PLAN WORTHILY FOR NEEDS

By Robert Cashman,

Business Superintendent, International Sunday School Association

The day of begging or the day of seeking small, inadequate gifts
has gone by; we must recognize existing needs and plan for them
worthily. A new day has come ; men and women have money to in-
vest in the Kingdom. We must take our place in the larger oppor-
tunities of the world's program.

For many years the International Association, and a great many of
its auxiliaries, have spent the time of their executive committees
extravagantly in discussing deficits, without making any aggressive or
definite plans to overcome them.

The old-time methods of raising money through pledges under
sentimental appeals at public meetings and gatherings has largely
passed. We must depend more upon the apportionment plan of co-
operation from our auxiliaries and from the personal solicitation of
men and women of means.

The International Association has established a new standard
for Association gifts, grading subscriptions on the basis of the in-
dividual association's ability to pay. It has established four classes,
namely; Classes A, B, C and D, representing gifts of 12V2 per cent,
10 per cent, 7^ per cent and 5 per cent from associations on their
net yearly receipts. If paid on the monthly plan, as desired by the
International Association, the auxiliaries are recognized in Class AA,
BB, CC and DD, as the case may be.

The International Association has planned to double its budget, and
it must call upon the auxiliary associations for increased support. It
is not the thought of the International organization that the auxiliary
associations should suffer on this account, but that they in turn should
explain to their respective constituencies the great needs and respon-
sibilities of the hour and call upon their auxiliaries likewise for
increased support. In this way the burden, which would be heavy if
centralized, will be easily carried by the great Sunday School army
of North America and blessing will come to all concerned.

We feel that from this time forward we must keep in closer touch
with the association treasurers of North America and offer to them
and to the business management of the association offices the very
best and latest ideas on finance and business affairs as related to
association work.

138 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

SELLING THE SCHOOL TO THE BUSINESS MAN
By Truman A. DeWeese,

Director of Publicity, the Shredded Wheat Company,
Niagara Falls, N. Y.

When you analyze the "business end" of the Sunday School problem
you realize that the Sunday School costs money — that it must be
largely supported by men who are in business ; that to get their sup-
port you must impress them with the value of the Sunday School as
an instrumentality for making good citizens. In other words, you
must "sell" the Sunday School to the business men, through systematic,
persistent, educational advertising — the kind that has the candor and
the dignity and the seriousness to command public respect.

This is the golden age of advertising, and this is the year of its
greatest triumph. No longer is the finger of scorn or suspicion
pointed at advertising. It has raised the sinews of war for the nation
and has drawn millions from the pockets of the people to support the
greatest organization of charity and mercy in the history of mankind.
This was done by display advertising in newspapers and magazines.

Advertising is the art of giving information regarding a salable
product whether that product is a tangible thing like merchandise, or
whether it is service. Advertising is an agency for putting life into
business. Why not use it to put life into the Church and Sunday
School? The Sunday School is organized for the education of the
children regarding the teachings of Jesus, the Founder of Chris-
tianity. The Church and Sunday School represents a heavy financial
investment in buildings and equipment. In order to realize the largest
returns on the investment every agency of the Church should be brought
to topnotch efficiency.

If you are going to sell the Sunday School to the business man as
the Y. M. C. A. and the Red Cross have been sold to him, you will have
to resort to intelligent, systematic, educational advertising which will
impress him with its value in the making of good citizens and honor-
able business men.

The business man will have to be convinced of two things before
you can sell him the Sunday School : first, that instruction in the Bible
has a vital relation to the building of character, in that it gives to the
plastic mind of youth fixed and definite ideas of right and wrong;
second, that the Sunday School is organized to give this instruction in
a thorough manner.

Convince a newspaper publisher or editor that a large percentage

BUSINESS DEPARTMENT 139

of the community which he serves is interested in the activities of the
Church and Sunday School and he will give them liberal space — pro-
vided some one who has what we call the "news instinct" will prepare
the matter and turn it in typewritten and ready to print. This news-
paper publicity should be supplemented by leaflets and booklets present-
ing in terse style the purposes and aims of the Bible School and its
claims upon the support of men and women who know the value of
maintaining the highest standards of citizenship.

The Sunday School can be sold to the intelligent business men of
America through advertising written by men who know how to use
the English language and who have a sympathetic understanding of its
power to standardize Christian manhood and womanhood.

A WORLD'S VIEW
By Frank L. Brown,

General Secretary, World's Sunday School Association

The present budget of the World's Sunday School Association is
$42,000. This provides for the New York headquarters overhead and
for budgets for South America, Moslem fields, the Philippines, China,
Korea and Japan. China's budget of $9,000 was taken over from the
Bristish section of the committee, July i last. These budgets cover
quite a literature item for the fields. In China over half of the budget
goes into the production of improved lesson literature.

Of our income, about $1,500, or one-tenth of the state and provincial
pledges, comes from the International xA.ssociation ; the Sunday School
and mission boards give $2,500. and individuals chiefly contribute the
balance. Many of these individuals are interested in all the Sunday
School organizations. Instead of three or four appeals to them, there
should be one unified appeal.

That now is the right time to lay broad financial plans for this great
Sunday School work is evident :

1. Because there is an insistent call for emphasis upon the spiritual
rather than the material.

2. Because the right education of childhood is of first importance.

3. Educators admit that the religious motiving of life is essential
to right conduct.

4. It is proved that men are ready to give largely for worth-while
things.

5. A plan to extend the Sunday School to foreign fields as a
means of building national character and so safeguarding the future

140 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

will appeal strongly now because of America's new world relationships.

If we take our work seriously, if we believe that religious education

is absolutely essential to individual, home, community, national and

world welfare, we must do three things: (a) Organize it thoroughly;

(b) supervise it effectively; (c) finance it adequately. In none of
these respects can we take the past as a basis. The big new day upon
us requires big new plans.

1. To be successful, it must be a co-ordinated drive. It must
include: (a) City and County Associations; (b) State Associations;

(c) International Association; (d) World's Association.

2. It must aim for a lump sum to be distributed to these four
agencies upon a basis of required work.

3. It must not interfere with present sources of revenue, but
should be largely obtained by a special drive in large cities, aiming at
large givers.

4. It must be conducted by a financial expert, using plans familiar
now to the giving public.

5. It must be preceded by a strong country-wide publicity campaign
in the secular and religious press.

6. It must employ as speakers groups of educators. International
and State organization men, Sunday School business men, and the
World's Association secretaries from the foreign field, in order to
broaden the appeal and give it color.

7. The sum called for should not be less than a million dollars a
year for a four or five year budget, this to be allotted to various cities
or states. If we shall include the present budgets of the City, State,
International and World's Association, it should be two millions a
year.

8. The basis of the appeal should be patriotic, to prepare the
world for its new tasks by training a generation in religious motives.

THE COLLECTION OF PLEDGES

By A. L. Aderton,

Business Superintendent, New York State Sunday School Association,

Albany, N. Y.

Three factors enter into the collection of pledges, the circumstance
under which the pledge is made, the personality of the individual
making it, and the method used in collection. If we correctly analyze
these factors and intelligently apply the analysis, we shall greatly
increase our percentage of collections.

BUSINESS DEPARTMENT 141

Too little attention has been given to the conditions governing
pledge-giving. A public meeting with an emotional appeal is not the
time or place to ask for pledges. Public meetings may give both
instruction and inspiration, but they should not be used for pledge-
taking.

Education precedes interest and interest precedes liberal giving.
We need to select carefully those upon whom we desire to place the
support of our work, educate them, interest them and then secure their
support. This is hand-picking rather than general gathering. It is a
slower process, but more effective.

Learn everything possible about your contributors. Have a place
on your pledge card for this information and add to it from time to
time. This information may be secured from newspaper clippings,
correspondence, through friends or personal interview.

Having secured this information, use it. Visualize your contrib-
utor. Attack him from his points of interest. See your work from
his angle. Live with him that you may understand why he gives his
money.

Form letters will never bring as high a percentage of collections
as personal letters. Reduce the number of givers and raise the aver-
age of gifts, so that it will pay to write personal letters. Advertising
and letter writing go hand in hand. Study ways of visualizing your
work in print and keep it before your contributors. Each large con-
tributor should receive one or more personal communications annually
about the work, in which there is no solicitation of funds. These
letters, or literature, should be designed to arouse and increase interest
and support. They should refer to some special feature of the work,
some incident of special interest, some new literature, or something
with a human interest appeal.

There is no greater asset in collection than imagination. Study
ways to visualize your work to your contributor. In writing him, be
natural. Having visualized him, just talk to him, but talk from his
viewpoint. Your letter should rarely contain more than four para-
graphs. The first should win his attention, the second awaken his
interest, the third arouse desire, or bring conviction, the fourth compel
action. Make your personality count. Cash in on it. Get in the
envelope and seal the flap.

In short, build up a scientific approach, a foundation for your
pledge; get all possible information about your contributor, then sell
him your personality through your ability to visualize the cause you
represent.

142 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

BUSINESS ON A CASH BASIS

By James W. Maxey,

Fowler, Colo.

Five years ago the Colorado Sunday School Association was $3,800
in debt and we were unable to pay the International Sunday School
Association our small annual pledge of $150. Our committee decided
to pay our debts and then to spend only the money that we had on
hand or in sight.

It was a happy day when we announced at our State Convention
that the State Association was out of debt. One county that for some
years had pledged more than it had paid, instead of making a pledge,
brought $250 and said, "This is what we are going to give the State
^'Vssociation for the next twelve months."

Last year we had several counties do this and by January ist
twenty counties had paid their pledge for the year ending July ist.
These twenty counties are our largest givers.

At one recent county convention every school brought its pledge
for the coming year and laid it on the altar in cash. By multiplying
such counties as this, Colorado has been able to pay its debts on the
first day of every month and send the International Association our
one-tenth, and we are doing this more easily and with more joy than
under the former plan. We find that business men have more respect
for us and are more willing to put money into a program of future
service than to give money for a debt.

Association incomes are all largely from two sources, individuals
and auxiliary associations. Individuals may be put upon a cash basis
by so arranging the budget and pledges that the pledges will mature
before the budget is spent. We are finding in Red Cross and Y. M.
C. A. work that it is easier to get cash than pledges, and easier to get
short-time pledges than long-time pledges.

There is a buoyancy about this plan that makes us lighter and
happier and freer in our service. It is easier for a state to raise the
money and make a cash pledge than to make a pledge and then raise
the money.

CHAPTER VII

ELEMENTARY OR CHILDREN'S
DIVISION

REPORT TO THE BUFFALO CONVENTION

By Ives L. Harvey, Chairman; Mrs. Maud Junkin Baldwin, Superin-
tendent (Mrs. Mary Foster Bryner, Superintendent, 1914-Jan.
1917).

THERE are at least twent3^-live million children under twelve years
of age living on the North American continent in democratically
governed countries where church affiliation is entirely a volun-
tary matter.

Of the twenty-five million children of all races and nationalities on
the continent about thirteen million are receiving religious education as
follows :

About 6,800,000 in Protestant Sunday schools.

About 5,000,000 in Catholic institutions.

About 400,000 in Jewish institutions.

About 1,000,000 in other institutions.

The other twelve millions are outside the touch of the church and
the gospel. It is unnecessary to say that every child needs a religious
education. The Elementary or Children's Division of the International
Sunday School Association believes this to be true, and is organized for
the purpose of emphasizing and fostering the Christian nurture and
education of all the children of the continent. It seeks to arouse the
interest of all the Sunday School teachers and parents of children in
any given community in the religious education of all the children of
that community. It seeks to awaken the consciences of all followers
of Christ and lead them to prepare themselves for giving the next gen-
eration the religious instruction and training which will enable them to
aid in bringing in the Kingdom.

Elementary or Children's Division Committee

For many years this work has been promoted by the Elementary or
Children's Division of the International Sunday School Association
through its Elementary Committee and Elementary Superintendent.

143

144 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

The personnel of the present committee is as follows :

Ives L. Harvey, Chairman.

Educational Section: Mrs. Florence Sears Ware, Mrs. Herbert L.
Hill, Prof. E. P. St. John.

Field Section: Mrs. Mary Foster Bryner, Miss Harriet Edna
Beard, Miss Susie M. Juden.

Other Members: Miss Helen Palk, Mrs. T. H. Hageman, Prof.
L. H. Beeler.

Elementary or Children's Division Objectives

The objective or policy of the Elementary or Children's Division of
our Sunday School Association work is :

(i) To afford teachers and fathers and mothers of children oppor-
tunities for training which will enable them to lead their children to an
acceptance of Jesus Christ as a Friend, Helper and Saviour, and to such
service to others in the spirit of the Lord Jesus as children can render.

(2) a. To afford the children adequate opportunities for receiving
the religious nurture and education which will lead them to accept and
publicly confess Jesus Christ as their Friend and Saviour, and to desire
to render Christian service to others.

(2) b. To afford the children adequate opportunities for the expres-
sion of their Christian life at home, at school, at church and at play.

For the purpose of realizing these objectives, the International
Elementary or Children's Division Committee and the Superintendent
have urged the state and provincial associations to organize thoroughly
the Elementary Divisions of their work by appointing interested, effi-
cient Elementary Committees, calling paid or volunteer Elementary
specialists to act as Superintendents of their Elementary Divisions, by
organizing the Elementary Divisions of all the County Associations.

At present there are sixty-five states and provinces affiliated in the
International Sunday School Association. Twenty-four have active
Elementary committees. Twenty-two have Elementary superintendents
giving their full time to the work ; three giving part time to the work ; all
receiving some remuneration included in the regular State or Provin-
cial budget. In addition to these paid superintendents, there are thirty-
three volunteer workers, making the total number fifty-seven. There are
3,676 counties in the states and provinces in the International field. Our
reports show that 1,836 have been organized for Elementary Division
work. The following states report 100 per cent of their counties with
County Elementary superintendents :

Connecticut, Delaware, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

M A HO

EWCATicroi-;

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 145

It is supposed that the organization of each of these is for the pur-
pose of rendering a great service to childhood and not for the purpose
of reporting their organization.

Training for Sunday School Association Elementary Division
Leadership

The International Sunday School Association has recognized that
if ever the Elementary divisions of the State and Provincial associations
were to be able to lead the churches of their communities in great
co-operative movements for the religious education of childhood, the
leaders of the Elementary divisions of states, provinces, counties, dis-
tricts and townships must be trained for their work. Therefore the
International Elementary Committee and the International Elementary
Superintendent have promoted the Elementary Division work by urging
that all Sunday School Elementary Division superintendents be offered
the following opportunities for training: At the State or Provincial
conventions by programs prepared especially for county and district or
township Elementary superintendents ; at Sunday School Association
Elementary Division conferences in several sections of the states or
provinces with programs planned to instruct and train county, district
or township Elementary superintendents; at the International Training
School for Sunday School Association Leadership at Conference Point
on Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, where a special course has been arranged
for State and Provincial, county and district Elementary superintend-
ents preparing themselves for service either as volunteer or paid
workers.

Thirteen Graduates with Elementary Specialization Honors

Reports recently received from State and Provincial Elementary
superintendents show that forty states and provinces have offered such
training in conventions; that twenty-one have offered this training in
Efficiency conferences ; that twenty-five states and provinces have sent
Elementary superintendents to Conference Point, and have urged
county Elementary superintendents to attend. Attention is called to
the fact that in the years 1916 and 1917 thirteen students were grad-
uated with Elementary specialization honors.

Graduates 1916: Miss Mabel L. Bailey, Miss C. Blanche Carl, Mrs.
S. A. Chappell, Mrs. W. B. Ferguson, Mrs. A. L. Grebel, Mrs. R. J.
Hutton, Miss Bertha Laine, Mrs. Kate G. Rundle.

Graduates 1917 : Miss Gertrude E. Maull, Miss Emma Archer, Miss
Myrtie Huckleberry, Miss Harriet Edna Beard, Miss Maggie S. Wilson.

10

146 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

The Elementary Division of the International Sunday School Asso-
ciation has also promoted its policy by urging all State and Provincial
associations to arrange through their Elementary superintendents or
committees for offering opportunities for training to parents and Sun-
day School teachers of children — the kind of training they need in
order to introduce their pupils to God the Father, and to Christ the
Saviour; the kind of training they need to fit them to help these children
build Christian characters; the kind of training they need to inspire
their children with a desire to serve the people of the world in Christ's
name. The reports sent to the International office show that fifty-five
states and provinces have offered opportunities for such training in
their State or Provincial conventions ; that a few states have offered
the same opportunities in State or County Elementary institutes or
schools of methods. In these meetings the denominational depart-
mental standards for the Cradle Roll, Beginners', Primary and Junior
departments adopted by the Sunday School Council of Evangelical
Denominations in January, 1916, and approved by the International
Sunday School Association in February, 1916, and have been presented
and have been used for the purpose of informing and instructing those
in attendance in regard to the ideals for each department and the best
methods of realizing these high objectives. They have also been helpful
in encouraging and inspiring Sunday School teachers and parents of
children to render a greater service than ever before to the children of
their own and other denominations and the whole community. The
reports coming to our International office show very interesting figures.
They tell a wonderful story of the development of the Elementary
Division work in the local Sunday School, which development has been
largely promoted by all our State and Provincial associations, as well
as by many denominational agencies.

Elementary Division Goals

The use of State and Provincial Elementary Division goals has
resulted in some forward steps :

I, The following states and provinces report counties with 100 per
cents of schools having Cradle Rolls:

Colorado 8 N. California 2

Illinois 4 North Dakota 4

Indiana 3 Ohio 2

Louisiana 2 Pennsylvania 16

Minnesota 4 Virginia i

Missouri 5 Wisconsin i

New Jersey i

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 147

2. All report increase in use of Graded Lessons.

3. All report increase in the number of Elementary teachers taking
training courses.

Through the generosity of the Chairman of the International Ele-
mentary Committee and another interested friend, the committee and
the superintendent were able to suggest and promote the observance of
a Cradle Roll Week in 191 7 in which twenty-six states and provinces
co-operated, and the observance of a Children's Week in 1918 in which
forty-four states and provinces have co-operated. Fifty thousand leaf-
lets, containing suggestions for State, county, district and city Elemen-
tary Division workers, and also a suggested program for the week, were
distributed in the states and provinces observing the week.

It is too soon after the observance of this 1918 Children's Week to
make any sort of real report of the results, but the statements received
from some of the State and Provincial Elementary superintendents
emphasize the possibilities of a continent-wide observance.

During the last quadrennium about a quarter of a million of Ele-
mentary leaflets have been distributed. These leaflets touch upon every
phase of Elementary Division work and they have been sent to all
parts of the continent. Early in 1917 the Cradle Roll, Beginners',
Primary and Junior leaflets were revised, and two new leaflets were
prepared, namely, "Missionary Education for Children" and "Temper-
ance Education for Children." At present there is in process of devel-
opment a series of brief handbooks for State, Provincial, county, district
and township Elementary Division superintendents.

Forward Steps

It will be absolutely necessary for us as Sunday School Association
workers to take some forward steps during the next quadrennium if
we mean to do our part in securing religious education for all the chil-
dren of the continent. The following have been decided upon as vital
by the Elementary or Children's Division Committee :

1. We must give to our whole constituency a true conception of
what Christ meant when He said, "Suffer the children to come
unto me."

2. We must give to our whole constituency a true statement of the
spiritual needs of the children of North America.

3. We must organize thoroughly the Elementary or Children's Divi-
sion of every state, province and county.

4. W^e must urge larger financial provision for this work by every
state, province and county.

148 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

5. We must offer larger opportunities for training to all state,
provincial and county elementary or children's division superintendents.

6. We must promote the denomJnational standards for the Cradle
Roll, Beginners', Primary and Junior departments.

7. We must secure a continent-wide observance of Children's Week.

CHILDREN'S DIVISION CONFERENCES

The Children's Division conferences were held in the Plymouth
M. E. Church, which had been beautifully decorated by the Buffalo
Children's Division committee. About 500 Sunday School Association
and local Sunday School Children's Division workers attended the
various conferences on each of the three afternoons devoted to the
consideration of the problems which confront such teachers and leaders.

Wednesday afternoon the general subject considered was "The chil-
dren of the North American continent ; their need of religious educa-
tion ; and the responsibility of the home and church for meeting that
need."

On Thursday afternoon the work of the Children's Division of the
International Association was presented.

On Friday afternoon there were five simultaneous sectional confer-
ences. One was for state, provincial, county, district, township and
city Children's Division superintendents. The others were for Cradle
Roll, Beginners', Primary and Junior teachers and officers. The speak-
ers were all well-known Children's Division teachers and leaders, and
the brief outlines of many of their addresses published herewith will be
found instructive and inspiring.

On Wednesday evening the Buffalo Children's Division committee
gave an informal dinner to the International Children's Division Com-
mittee and the state and provincial Children's Division superintendents
who were attending the Convention. The occasion was greatly enjoyed
by the fifty-two persons present.

On Saturday evening a patriotic birthday social was tendered all the
visiting Children's Division workers. The 350 persons who attended
were pleased greatly with the program so happily arranged by the
Buffalo Children's Division committee.

The Exhibit

The Children's Division exhibit was arranged in two groups as
follows :

I. Sunday School Association Children's Division material, includ-
ing letterheads, state association papers and so on, used in promoting

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 149

the work of the Children's Division of any Sunday School Association.

2. Local Sunday School Children's Division material, including
original Cradle Rolls, original birthday letters, programs for promotion
services, photographs of Beginners', Primary and Junior departments,
hand work done in Beginners', Primary or Junior departments, temper-
ance hand work and posters, missionary hand work and posters, illus-
trated songs, etc., etc.

In addition there was a fine exhibit of the hand work done in the
Beginners', Primary and Junior departments of the Methodist Episcopal
Sunday School of Bellevue, Pennsylvania. This exhibit was loaned by
Mrs. J. M. Bailey, the General Superintendent of the Children's Divi-
sion of the school, who kindly and generously accompanied the exhibit
to Buffalo. :^^mW

REPORT OF CHILDREN'S DIVISION FINDINGS
COMMITTEE

We find that a comprehensive study of the subject by men well
equipped for their work reveals the fact that there are millions
of children living on the North American continent who are receiving
no religious education. We consider this a calamity to the children
themselves, to the nations under whose flags they live, and to the
church of Jesus Christ, whose Leader died that they might live com-
pletely here and hereafter. Facing these facts, we recommend :

1. That greater effort to give these children their religious rights
be made by state, provincial, county, district, township and city Sunday
School Associations.

2. That all Sunday School Associations appoint Children's Division
committees whose members are chosen with a view to their fitness for
promoting the Christian education of children within their fields of
operation ; and that only those persons having specially fine qualifica-
tions for their work be elected as Children's Division Superintendents.

3- That opportunities for special training be afforded all Sunday
School Association Children's Division Superintendents by offering
them reading courses, and by conducting efficiency institutes for them.

4. That the Children's Division leaders in all Sunday School Asso-
ciations be authorized to enlarge the work they have been doing by
increasing their correspondence, by using a greater quantity of helpful
literature, by planning more carefully the Children's Division sections
of conventions and institutes, by enlisting the assistance of special
workers.

5. That the Children's Division of all Sunday School Associations
co-operate more fully with the home, the public school and all other

150 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

institutions and organizations existing for the purpose of uplifting
children ; and that special attention be given the plans for child welfare
formulated by the United States and Canadian governments.

6. That since the observance of International Children's Week has
been found to assist greatly in leading whole communities to think of
the Christian education of their children, that this Children's Week be
observed enthusiastically by all Sunday School Associations.
(Signed) Mrs. Herbert L. Hill,

Mrs. Florence Sears Ware,
Miss Harriet Edna Beard.

THE RELIGIOUS EDUCATION OF AMERICAN CHILDREN
By Prof. W. S. Athearn,

Chairman, Educational Committee

The religious education of the American child demands five things :

1. The general educational privileges of American children must
be equalized.

There are today in the United States 5,516,163 illiterates over 10
years of age. Seven hundred thousand of the men of draft age are
unable to read and write in any language. Four million six hundred
thousand of our illiterates are over 21 years of age. The percentage
of illiterates varies from Itu per cent in Iowa to 27 per cent in
Louisiana. Half of our illiterates are between 21 and 45 years of age.
If the President of the United States should review the army of illit-
erates as they passed before the White House, walking in double
column, three feet apart, at the rate of twenty miles per day, he would
have to stand for two solid months to see this army of illiterates
march by. Of our illiterates 58 per cent are white, and 1,500,000 are
native-born whites ; 3,700,000 are farmers — that is to say, one out of
ten farmers cannot read nor write. Of the men now in our American
army between thirty and forty thousand are unable to sign their own
name or read a signal or a notice or dispatch in any language. The
church people must help create the public sentiment that will make it
impossible for any child to grow up in America without the advantages
of an education which will develop his powers and give him the key to
universal knowledge.

2. Religious education must be made universal.

While we have five and a half million intellectual illiterates in
America, we have over thirty million spiritual illiterates. We must
build an American system of religious education which will reach the

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 151

last child of the American continent. This system must include Sunday-
Schools and week-day religious schools.

3. The child must be given an educational ideal.

4. The church must provide the material and the methods, and the
trained leadership necessary to accomplish its educational task.

5. The church must organize for educational ends.

There are at present a multitude of organizations, iew of which
have an educational purpose. The International Sunday School Asso-
ciation seeks to direct the American people in the building of the
kind of organization which will enable the American communities to
sustain an adequate system of religious education for their children.

THE OPPORTUNITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE
CPIURCH SCHOOL IN RELATION TO THE
RELIGIOUS NURTURE AND EDU-
CATION OF CHILDREN

By Dr. E. Morris Fergusson,

General Secretary, Maryland Sunday School Association

Imagine each church school raised to the highest level of efficiency
practicable for that school; what would it do for the child?

1. Relate him to the church, through enrollment in church and
Sunday School and training in church attendance.

2. Interpret to him nature in terms of religion.

3. Train his devotional life, including the establishing of his per-
sonal relation with Jesus Christ as his Lord.

4. Impart a religious significance to his family, school and social
duties.

5. Put him in possession of his religious heritage as embodied in
the Bible and other sources of religious experience and expression.

6. Enlist and direct his home life for the discharge of its own
responsibility for his religious nurture and education, and for co-opera-
tion with Sunday School and church in the same.

Every child in North America reaching the threshold of adolescence
ought to exhibit the fruits of the Sunday School's definite and purpose-
ful efforts along these six lines.

What limitations now keep the product of the Sunday Schools of
North America from rising to this level?

1, Non-existence. There is a vast aggregate of neighborhoods
where a Sunday School could be but is not.

2. Incomplete enrollment. There are few neighborhoods where

152 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

every baby and pre-adolescent child is accounted for in some
Sunday School. A multitude of children is within reach but unreached.

3. Children attendant but in opposition. A small percentage, but
increasing with the growth of counter-educational influences and the
multiplication of non-religious homes.

4. Children attendant and ready, but untaught. "What do you do
in Sunday School?" was asked a little child; and the answer was, "I
wait till it's out."

5. Class membership inert. The pupils behave and listen but are
not moved to expression, initiative, organized response or experience,
and hence fail to grow in religious character.

By what program of effort can these limitations be overcome?

1. Extension. Every child of Protestant affiliations must be en-
rolled in a Sunday School. Sound the note of childhood's need. Our
county and district organizations must magnify its missionary function.
Every field unsupplied is some other field's responsibility; and to
bring the two together is some officer's responsibility.

2. Enlistment. The Sunday School's zeal must be stimulated till
it fully accepts the challenge of its own field.

3. Fellowship. The Elementary workers already enlisted must
be drawn into a fellowship on the common basis of childhood's need
and developed into a series of fellowships corresponding to the stan-
dard departments of a graded Sunday School.

4. Instruction. These workers must be taught how to teach and
supplied with the lessons wherewith they are to teach.

5. Guidance. Under a system of field officers the whole body of
Elementary workers must be organized and led to the adoption and
interpretation of a functional standard of achievement in religious
nurture and education.

INTERNATIONAL SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION AND
ITS ELEMENTARY DIVISION

By Mrs. Herbert L. Hill,

President of the New York Graded Union

The Red Cross has been called the "Greatest mother in the world."
In this phase of a mother's character as a comforter we are glad to
agree with the poster that she is the "Greatest mother in the world,"
but as we think of the needs of the childhood of the world, the need
of preparation, guidance, safeguarding, instructing and training, we
realize the need of a complete world mother who shall consider all the

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 153

needs of the child and provide a way in which these needs shall be
met. The child comes to this world burdened with tendencies laid
upon him by thousands of ancestors of good and ill report. Hands
are held out to lead him up or down. Which shall prevail? What
powers are there here to stimulate the good and inhibit the evil tenden-
cies? Shall he find the complete motherhood which ministers to his
whole nature — physical, mental and spiritual? God has made him this
threefold nature. We cannot delegate his physical care to his parents,
his mental needs to his school teacher and his spiritual needs to
chance or possibly to the church. Where shall v/e find the greatest
mother in the world who shall realize the threefold nature of the
child and his complicated needs and shall with accuracy of knowledge,
skillfulness of methods, loftiness of ideals, guide and inspire parents
and teachers that they may lead the children into the path the Father
intended them to take?

The aims and objectives of the Elementary Division of the Interna-
tional Sunday School Association reveal in her the great mother heart
that is brooding over every child of this North American continent,
looking at every need, searching for every means to meet that need
and endeavoring to supply nurture, guidance and inspiration for every
little child through parents and teachers, the home and the church.
Is she not the "Greatest mother in the world?" Her ideals are high,
her task is great. Through the various organizations through which
she works she endeavors to arouse this entire continent to the spiritual
needs of the child, and to afford fathers and mothers and teachers
of children opportunities for the training which will enable them to
lead every child to know God as his Father, Jesus Christ as his
Friend and Saviour, and every member of the great human family of
God as his brother, and to show him how to serve his fellow men in
the kindest, noblest, most helpful way.

GENERAL PLANS FOR PROMOTION OF ELEMENTARY
DIVISION PROGRAM

By Mrs. Mary Foster Bryner,

Field Worker, International Sunday School Association

Through the Elementary Committee and Superintendent of the
International Sunday School Association, plans and policies are origi-
nated to promote community efforts, to provide and acquaint teachers
and parents with opportunities for training to supply religious instruc-
tion and nurture for all the children of North America.

154 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

To promote these plans and policies an ^^Icmentary Superintendent
is needed as leader for each large geographical unit, state or provin-
cial. About sixty of these serve as paid or volunteer workers, adapt-
ing and making known the plans and policies within their respective
territories. These Elementary Superintendents need Elementary Com-
mittees affiliated with the state or provincial Sunday School executive
committees. The members of the Elementary Committee should be
specialists in religious education of children. They will discuss and
decide upon the adoption of Association policies, standards and goals
for their own constituency through county organizations.

The county is reall}^ the organized unit through which the com-
munity plans may reach the groups of Sunday School workers. A
County Elementary Superintendent, a capable volunteer, is needed in
every count}'-. In large county or city organizations there is need of

HERE'S ANOTHER SPEECH

Dr. Blake in his address summarized in Chapter II gives
rather startling figures of the loss in Sunday School member-
ship in the Methodist denomination. You can get similar
figures from the church reports for any denomination you
may be expected to address.

securing helpers in townships, groups of townships or city districts.
The organization needed is that necessary to reach all communities.

Plans are promoted through leaflets, correspondence (personal and
circular), and occasional meetings. The Employed Officers' Associa-
tion provides annually at Conference Point for presentation and
discussion of Association plans, with a section for workers in the
Elementary Division. This is followed by the International Training
School for Sunday School Association Leadership with general and
sectional courses.

In states and provinces, at least yearly in connection with the
Sunday School convention, some periods should be devoted to a meet-
ing of county Elementary workers. At least quarterly by correspond-
ence, the County Superintendents should keep in touch with their
helpers, and plan to meet them during the county Sunday School con-
vention. Efficiency institutes with an Elementary section, also special
Efficiency conferences for Elementary v/orkers, provide additional
opportunities for developing Association leadership.

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 155

THE ELEMENTARY COMMITTEE OF A STATE OR PRO-
VINCI^a SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION

By Miss Emma Lemen,

Children's Division Superiniendent, Indiana Sunday School Association

That the Elementary Superintendent needs the help of a committee
in the general planning of the work has long been recognized, but just
how to get a committee that would be a real help has been the problem.
In most instances the State Elementary Committee has been nothing
more than an £.dmiration society. It has usually commended the
State Superintendent for the things she has done and has given her
permission to go ahead. The result of this plan has been that most
states have been convinced that it was little more than a matter of
form to appoint i.n Elementary Committee and have continued to do it
because it had rlways beei the custom. Recently, however, a new
plan has been sug'gested which looks as if it might solve at least a few
of our difficultie?. We are following it in Indiana and so far find
that it works well.

The great question was the personnel of the committee. Formerly
it was composed of the men of the State Executive Committee. Then
a few states and provinces found it well to include women who
understood the work of tie division. Now the plan is as follows:
First, have as chairman a member from the State Executive Committee
in order that the work of the Elementary Committee may at all times
be in harmony ^vith the general work of the Association. Second,
appoint one or more workers from each of the four departments,
Cradle Roll, Beginners', Primary and Junior, who are specialists in
their line. Third, select one or more business men because of their
ability to aid in a financial way, and to make business-like suggestions.
These men should, of course;, be interested in the religious education of
children. Fourth, choose one or more influential women connected
with movements for the uplift of childhood.

The importan: thing to remember in appointing the committee is
the necessity for wise selection. It is often a greater problem to dis-
pense with the se "vices of undesirable members than to secure them in
the beginning. For this reason it is wise to organize the committee
gradually.

It will be necessary for the State Elementary Superintendent to out-
line the work of the committee. This will include the general prob-
lems to be left to the committee and the individual tasks. The state or
departmental specialists will be able to help in the program work of

156 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

the state or provincial conventions, and state or provincial conferences
or institutes. They should also be able to present the Elementary
work in county conventions and institutes to which the Elementary
Superintendent cannot go. The chief work of the entire committee
will be to outline the program for the year and the ways and means
of promoting it.

The time and place for the meetings of the committee will be
determnied in part by local conditions. We are following the plan now
of having two a year, one at the time of the State Convention and the
other at the time of the midwinter State Executive Committee meeting.
This plan is being followed because of the expense otherwise incurred,
and may be changed as the State Executive Committee sees the need
for more meetings of the Elementary Committee.

The results of such a committee, if it is willing to do its work, will
be great. There will be clearer vision of the task set for the Ele-
mentary Division, finer preparation for the work, and greater co-opera-
tion on the part of all interested in the Christian education of children.

THE STATE OR PROVINCIAL EFFICIENCY INSTITUTE
By Miss Pearl Weaver,

Children's Division Superintendent, Illinois Sunday School Association

The promotion of the state or provincial Elementary Division pro-
gram depends largely upon our success in discovering and developing
leaders in the counties and districts or townships. Lack of response
on the part of county and district or township Elementary Superin-
tendents is due not so much to indifference as to lack of information
about the plan and purpose of the Elementary Division program, and
a knowledge of methods for its promotion.

The state or provincial Elementary Division program must provide
opportunities for these workers in the county, and district or township
to receive the training that will enable them to become efficient leaders
in their respective fields.

The state or provincial Elementary efficiency institute seeks to pro-
vide these opportunities for training county and district or township
Elementary Superintendents. The institute may be held the day
before, the day after, or during the state convention : or it may be
held at some other time than the state convention, perhaps as a mid-
year institute. The disadvantage of either plan is the small number of
workers reached. The best plan is to provide for a number of these
institutes throughout the year, grouping several counties.

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 157

The duration of the institute will depend upon the plan. There
should be from two to five sessions.

The program for the efficiency institute should seek to inspire
county and district or township workers with the bigness of their task
and fit them for it. The program should set forth the Elementary
Division Association policy; the plans for the promotion of this
policy; the qualifications and duties of the county and district or
township Elementary Superintendents ; a survey of the needs of the
field ; plans for meeting the needs ; discovering and developing leaders.

We should keep in mind that the program for the efficiency institute
has for its purpose the training of county and district or township
Elementary Superintendents and is distinct from the Elementary insti-
tute which has for its purpose the training of teachers and parents of
children.

INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN'S WEEK
By Mrs. Phebe A, Curtiss,

Children's Division Superintendent, Ohio Sunday School Association

It has been estimated that of the 20,000,000 school children in the
United States, 15,000,000 are in need of attention today for some
physical defects which may be partially or completely remedied. This
has given rise to a new social force, called "The Home Health Volun-
teers," under control of the woman's committee of the Council of
National Defense. This organization is making a complete survey of
Babyland in order to emphasize the necessity of providing for the
physical needs of the child.

Recently the statement was made that of all the boys sent from one
county in Ohio because of misbehavior to the Industrial School during
the past twelve years not one had attended Sunday School. So we
see it is necessary to emphasize the spiritual needs of the children also.

The plan for observing Children's Week meets this need in large
measure. An interesting stuly of the observance of this week in one
community was made. It was a city of about 18,000 inhabitants, a
city of culture. There are twenty-six churches and more than half
of the pastors preached a special sermon appropriately to open this
week. A visitation was made and it was a surprise to find that there
were 229 boys and girls under 12 years of age who were not in any
Sunday School. One hundred and sixty-four of these were enrolled
through that week's efforts. A community meeting was held for the
children one Sunday and one for the parents the next Sunday.

158 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Parties were given during the week for the children and at each one
there was some form of activity which resulted in a pleasant surprise
for the mothers on Mothers' Day.

Twelve schools reported forward steps in Elementary work, such
as cradle rolls organized, better separations of departments made, black-
boards, sand tables, pictures purchased and interests so increased that
the real results have only begun to show.

A study of the observance of Children's Week throughout a county
was also made. One county held a three-session inscitute in prepara-
tion for it, the interest of the Ministerial Association was enlisted, and
a committee appointed in each township to carry out the plans.

In two townships the forward step consisted in organizing a cradle
roll in each school in the township. The county secured a cradle roll
in each school in the county, an Elementary Superintendent in every
township, and better still, an Elementary Superintenaent in every one
of the thirty-nine schools of the county.

One township decided to introduce graded lessons in every school
in the township and the leaders have planned to hold a series of meet-
ings in August at v/liich a careful stud}^ of the graded lessons will be
conducted in preparation for their use.

Too much cannot be said in support of this far-reaching plan for
helping the children through the observance of Children's Week.

OUR COUNTY ELEMENTARY COMMITTEE
By Mrs. H. R. Shaw,

Children's Division Superintendent, Denver County Sunday School

Association

The elementary work of any city, county or state can not best be
promoted without a strong, active Elementary Committee. For the
personnel of my committee, we selected representative people who
could contribute to the uplift of the home life, the school life and the
play life as well as the religious life of the child. These members
consisted of choice workers of the Cradle Roll, Beginners', Primary
and Junior departments, the elementary grades of the public schools,
the Mothers' Congress, Woman's Club circles, Press Club, and Chil-
dren's Hospital work, representing various denominations.

This selection was ratified by the county executive and the Central
Elementary Committee was organized with its motto, "This one thing
I do." We outlined a year's program for the Elementary work of
the city, secured the appointment of a district Elementary superin-

CHILDREN/S DIVISION 159

tendent for each of the city districts and planned monthly meetings
for each district, which were held in different sections of the districts
and with a larger attendance and interest than could be secured at
one central meeting. As many as three meetings were held in one
night.

The advertising and arranging for place of meeting, etc., were
done by the district Elementary Superintendent, and the program was
largely presented by the members of the central committee. As a
result of this we have almost loo per cent Cradle Rolls, a larger per-
centage of schools using graded lessons, better equipment, many parent
meetings organized, more temperance and missionary instruction given,
better Junior Red Cross work, and a much better grade of Elementary
v/ork in every school in the city.

The Elementary Committee co-operated with the County Ele-
mentary Superintendent in arranging and distributing departmental and
special day programs, memory and hand work suggestions for various
grades, in promoting the city-wide "Children's Week" and arranging
city and district annual institutes.

FINDING AND TRAINING COUNTY ELEMENTARY
SUPERINTENDENTS

By Miss Mabel L. Bailey,

Children's Division Superintendent, Wisconsin Sunday School
Association

I. Know the qualifications : i. A woman who loves children. 2.
Who knows children's work from experience or is willing to learn it.
3. Is working in the Elementary Division rather than some other divi-
sion of the local school. 4. Who sees possibilities in the work. 5. Is
willing to give time to it.

II. Be on the lookout for prospects in : i. Special county-wide
conferences of Elementary workers. 2. The separate Elementary sec-
tion program at the county convention. 3. The conference hour in
conventions. 4. District meetings. 5. Personal interviews with Ele-
mentary workers. 6. General conversation with other workers. 7.
Visiting Sunday Schools. 8. Local school workers' conferences. 9.
Schools of methods. 10. City training schools.

III. Getting them elected at the county convention, i. Suggest
name of person discovered to the nominating committee. 2. Be ready
to give reasons for your preference if necessary. 3. See the nominee
yourself, explain the work and get her consent to serve.

160 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

IV. Filling vacancies between conventions, i. When a vacancy
occurs, get in touch with the county president immediately, and request
him to have the office filled. If possible, recommend some one for the
position. 2. Select some one yourself for the place and ask the county
executive committee to ratify the choice and confirm the appointment.

V. Training, i. Give instructions in person, before leaving the
convention, if possible. 2. Request the county secretary to deliver at
the convention the Elementary Section of all school reports. 3. Pro-
vide the Association officers' manual. 4. Supply available leaflets on
all phases of Elementary work. 5. Hold efficiency conferences. 6.
Provide special help for Association officers at the state and county
conventions. 7. Develop officers by placing on district convention pro-
grams. 8. Ask large co-operation in preparing and carrying through
county-wide Elementary conferences. 9. Send letters, leaflets, etc.,
from state office. 10. Ask publishers to supply helpful material. 11.
Make the state or provincial paper a valuable asset. 12. Recommend
helpful books. 13. Urge attendance at the International Training
School.

PLANNING AND CONDUCTING THE ELEMENTARY SEC-
TION OF A STATE OR PROVINCIAL CONVENTION

By Mrs. Ella M. Snow,

Children's Division Superintendent, West Virginia Sunday School

Association

One of the real problems of the state or provincial superintendent
is the Elementary section of the annual convention. It would be com-
paratively easy to arrange a spectacular stunt or an ostentatious dis-
play. In fact, there is a temptation to do this, for it wins applause from
the throng. But we are not out to please the throng. We must direct
and instruct the count}^ and district Elementary Superintendents and
v.'orkers in the local schools.

Our International Elementary Committee has carefully outlined an
objective or policy for our work, which every state and provincial
superintendent ought to "read, mark and inwardly digest."

I. There should be at least one attractive illuminating address
before the main convention.

II. One conference of county and district Sunday School Associa-
tion Elementary Superintendents of three hours, if possible, when you
will : (a) Study the policy of your department work, (b) Devise
methods of promoting the policy through county and district organiza-

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 161

tions ; through county and district Elementary Committees ; through
county and district Elementary Superintendents. When your organiza-
tion is outlined then (c) plan best methods of training teachers and
parents of children, through county and district conventions, Elementary
conferences, institutes, training schools, Children's Week, visiting local
schools. Elementary literature, (d) Outline district and township pro-
gram for local school, and presentation of denominational standards,
(e) Announce list of books of special value for Association workers.
III. Sectional departmental conferences, three hours' program.
The first hour could be spent in a general session discussing the organ-
ization of the Elementary Division in local school, the training of
teachers and workers, story telling and relation of Elementary Divi-
sion to the state or provincial association. The remaining time given
to four conferences: (a) Cradle Roll. Under this department dis-
cuss the denominational standard, helps for parents, cradle roll class

ONLY ONE QUOTATION

"Until a minister is qualified to know the difference
between the carburetor and the tail light of this educational
automobile, he had better not fool with the starter or
steering wheel." — Rev. C. A. Lincoln.

in Sunday School, and promotion services, (b) Beginners. The de-
nominational standard. How to work and succeed in a one-room
school, parents' meetings, promotion services, (c) Primary. The
denominational standard, how to work and succeed in a one-room
school, parents' meetings, promotion services, (d) Junior. The
denominational standard, how to work and succeed in a one-room
school, parents' meetings, promotion services. These are subjects that
are vital to every local school and of great interest to the workers.
Allow time for general discussion.

IV. Plan some social time, a luncheon or informal gathering.

V. Brief recognition before the main convention of the Sunday
School Association Elementary Division work. This may be done as
follows : (a) A short report by state or provincial Elementary Super-
intendent, (b) Roll call of honor counties, that is, those who have
attained the standard or goal set. (c) Presentation of program or
goal for coming year.

VI. An exhibit. Wliat the eye sees remains longer with the indi-
vidual than what the ear hears, hence the value of a good exhibit.

11

162 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

ELEMENTARY INSTITUTES FOR TRAINING CRADLE

ROLL, BEGINNERS', PRIMARY AND

JUNIOR WORKERS

By Miss Harriet Edna Beard,

Children's Division Superintendent, Missouri Sunday School
Association

"Training" is the word of the hour. Sunday School leaders have
caught the spirit of it, and are keenly awake to the need of providing
immediate training for workers with children. Elementary institutes
are proving an efficient means. For several reasons we need many
such institutes.

First, there is need of an enlarged vision and proper conception of
tlie work of the Elementary Division.

Second, there is need of taking training and inspiration nearer to
the workers than a state or provincial convention. This a county or
district institute will do.

Third, there is need of our Association fulfilling its greatest func-
tion, that of fostering and carrying out community programs for the
all-round development of the children. Such problems as establishing
a common standard of religious education for all schools or making a
survey of the forces that tear down, and deciding upon a program
that will build a proper environment, may well be considered in an
Elementary institute.

Three types of Elementary institutes may be conducted by a state
or provincial association — state or provincial, sectional, and county.
Except in small states or provinces the state or provincial convention
supplies the need of a state-wide or provincial institute. But the
"signs of the times" indicate that sectional or county institutes satisfy
a long felt need. What I shall say as to planning and conducting will
apply alike to the county and sectional institutes.

If every section is to be reached it will require a careful survey of
the field. The topography of the state or province may warrant two
institutes, but if rivers and mountains divide it into many sections or
the needs vary greatly in different portions of the state, it may be
necessary to conduct six or eight.

The first step, after determining the number to be held, is deciding
upon the most central location in each section, and securing the local
committees. There should be at least eight of these : registration,
reception, music, decoration, exhibit, publicity and banquet. The State
Superintendent should visit the place of meeting beforehand and

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 163

instrucL ihc cummiUees as to the purpose of the institute and their
duties.

The program must meet the needs of the workers of that section;
consist of at least five sessions; impart inspiration as weh as instruc-
tion; partake of the nature of a school of methods; provide for two
periods of departmental conferences, county and township superintend-
ents' conference, and the consideration of community or sectional
problems and programs.

The conduct of an institute may make or mar its success. The
slate or provincial leader must be gracious, punctual, careful of details.

In vain will be such a meeting unless results are conserved. Pro-
vide every delegate with note book and pencil ; plan for full report in
newspapers, reports in the state or provincial paper, reports to county
superintendents; give definite instructions to delegates as to best
methods of reporting institute. Lastly, work out through a committee
appointed during the institute, in conjunction with the state or provin-
cial Elementary Committee and Superintendent, a worthwhile program
for the section, or communities, which will lead to the co-operation
of all forces that make for the religious education and uplift of child-
hood.

PLANNING AND CONDUCTING THE ELEMENTARY SEC-
TION OF A COUNTY OR TOWNSHIP CONVENTION

By Miss Frances Cooper,

Children's Division Superintendent, Washington County Sunday

School Association

(Suggestions are for three sessions. Leaders can adapt them to
suit time and local conditions.)

"The inspirational" should be combined with "the practical."

I. Address before the main convention —
Topic: "The Value of Childhood,"

"Feeding the Lambs of the Flock," or

"A Service Program for the Elementary Division."

II. Conference of district or township Elementary Superintendents

with the county Elementary Superintendent.

1. Service of worship.

2. Review year's work.

3. Present policy for coming year's work.

4. Present plans for promoting the policy.

164 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

III. Conference of all Elementary workers present (two hours).

PLAN I

1. Worship service.

2. Organizing and equipping the Elementary Division.

3. Graded lessons for the children.

4. Graded service of worship.

5. Story telling.

6. Handwork.

7. Courses of training.

8. Relation of the Elementary worker to the county, state or

provincial association.

9. Round table conference.

PLAN II

(If number present is large, present a few of the above general
topics, then separate into departmental conferences — Cradle Roll, Begin-
ners', Primary and Junior — using a uniform program, viz. :

1. The Department Standard.

2. The Lessons We Teach.

3. Teachers' and Parents' Meetings.

4. Conference.

IV. Social hour. Luncheon, supper or social reception.

V. Recognition.

1. Roll call of districts or townships having reached the standard.

2. Awards for special effort — as 100 Cradle Roll or Graded Lesson

Districts, etc.

VI. Exhibit.

1. Statement of County Elementary Division standard.

2. Statement of district or township standard.

3. Statement of policy for coming year.

4. List of honor districts or townships.

5. Map or chart showing districts or townships.

6. Books and leaflets for workers.

7. Handwork done by children.

8. Missionary and temperance materials.

VII. Parents' meeting. Theme : "The Child in the Midst" ; "The

Church and Her Children"; "The Need of the Child Is the
Law of the School."

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 165

ORGANIZING THE ELEMENTARY DIVISION OF A CITY
ASSOCIATION

By Miss Harriet Edna Beard,

Children's Division Superintendent, Missouri Sunday School
Association

Perhaps no link in the Elementary Division organization has been
so weak as that of the city graded unions, and recently community
training schools provide training and fellowship, but for various rea-
sons reach only the few. We, in St. Louis, felt it imperative that an
organization which would permit of less frequent meetings, but supply
long felt needs, should be perfected. Some of these needs were:
Enlarging the vision of our Elementary workers, providing fellowship
and instruction for special tasks; adopting a common standard of
religious education for all schools; stimulation which comes through
recognition by groups or individual schools ; studying community con-
ditions and deciding upon a plan of co-operation for building a whole-
some environment.

About a year ago we launched an organization, which, though
simple, is very feasible. The Elementary Division is a part of the city
association, which is auxiliary to the state, as is the county. Some
time before the city had been divided into five districts. As soon,
therefore, as the Elementary Superintendent was appointed by the
Executive Committee, she, together with the help of some of the out-
standing Elementary workers and the state superintendent, selected
five district superintendents and four specialists, Cradle Roll. Begin-
ners', Primary and Junior.

The activities have been :

First — Monthly meeting of city and district superintendents, spe-
cialists and state superintendent (except during summer).

Second — A semi-annual institute in each district with an educa-
tional program, worth while exhibit and social period.

Third — An annual city-wide institute of two sessions, banquet,
district and departmental conferences.

Fourth — District and departmental superintendents visiting the
schools, attending teachers* meetings as speakers, etc.

Fifth — Establishing goals for city, districts and schools.

Sixth — Recognition by state and city organizations for attainment
of goals.

Seventh — Conducting of parent-teachers' meetings in districts.

Eighth — Participation in community programs : Children's Week, etc.

166 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Some very striking reformations have occurred in most conserva-
tive schools as a direct result of institutes and the personal touch ;
specialists are being rapidly developed; a new fellowship enjoyed, and
a realization of the need of co-operation in the religious education of
the city child keenly felt.

THE ELEMENTARY SUPERINTENDENT OF A CITY
ASSOCIATION FINDING AND TRAINING DIS-
TRICT ELEMENTARY WORKERS

By Miss Rose M. Russell,

Children's Division Superintendent, Allegheny County (Pa.) Sunday
School Association

First step in finding an Elementary worker is to know what we are
looking for. She may not be the best Elementary teacher of her
district. She will not be the person loaded with every other kind of
work in the community. She will have four outstanding character-
istics : I. Natural qualifications of leadership. 2. Organizing ability.
3. A vision larger than her own school and denomination. 4. A strong
Christian character.

Where shall we find her? She will be the person who is seeking
help; therefore she will be found in the district meeting, the district
and county Elementary institute, and in the community training
school.

Warning — "Beware of substitutes." County and district officers
will sometimes recommend persons for the work without knowing
qualifications.

Training district Elementary Superintendents : First, she must
have some knowledge of her field — statistics. Second, she should be
given, at once, something definite to do, within the range of her ability.
Third, she should be put in the way of training for Elementary Asso-
ciation work through (a) the reading circle or the reading course.
(Printed lists and report blanks furnished by city association.) Books
furnished by city association library; workers encouraged to collect
their own library, (b) Regular meetings for district Elementary super-
intendents. Advantages : i. Personal contact between city superin-
tendent and district. 2. Opportunity to promote city movements. 3.
Opportunities to have associational workers speak to us. 4. Oppor-
tunities to take up work of each Elementary department, (c) Urging
definite training by attending community training school, state conven-
tions, International conventions, summer schools.

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 167

A CONTINENT-WIDE VISION

(For State or Provincial, County, Township and City Elementary
Division Superintendents)

By Elizabeth Harris,

Elementary Superintendent, New York Sunday School Association,
Albany, N. Y.

I am reminded by this subject of a story told recently by a Con-
gressman. He said that during the war all of the members were
thinking in terms of the nation, and not of districts or even states.
That he did hear one whining about something that had been done
and wondering what his "district" would think of it. The others
looked at him in amazement, and finally one said, "What in the world
does it matter now about your district?"

So in our work there is no time to think simply of states or
provinces, but of all the children of the continent; indeed, of all the
children of the world. Even from a selfish standpoint, it is necessary
that we think of the childhood of the whole country, for no state in
these days lives even relatively alone. One of the speakers against the
federal prohibition amendment before the New York legislature said,
"It is none of your business, you people living in New York state,
whether a man gets drunk in Texas or not." That might be true if
families never moved or if their children never emigrated. Unfor-
tunately the children of such parents do go into other states and the
state into which they go must bear the burden — financial, mental, moral,
spiritual — of the sins of their parents. It is the business of every state
as to what each one is doing for its children.

Just as a mother may do the very best things for her children in
the home they are not safe unless outside also only the things which
are pure and right are allowed, so we may do the best for the children
of one state, or province, yet they are not safe until in the great neigh-
borhood of states they have the right kind of environment.

The child labor law which was passed a few years ago has recently
been declared unconstitutional. This is surely a matter in which we
should all be interested. The child who is compelled to work long
hours is incapable of being educated either religiously or secularly.
We ought to come together and besiege our Congressmen and Senators
in order that in the states where children are not at present protected,
by their own state laws, federal laws shall be passed which will be
sufficient to protect them. We are learning in these days the lessons
of co-operation as never before. It was the lesson which we and

168 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

our allies had to learn before we could hope to win against a strong
centralized power. Surely in this work of religious education, we
must co-operate. Already the experiments which have been made in
North Dakota, Colorado and some other states in securing school
credit for Bible study have helped to give the rest of us courage.

The work of some few communities, notably of Gary, while not
working out in quite as full and complete a way as was hoped, has
nevertheless made us all hope that week-day religious instruction is
coming and coming soon. The work of Maiden has made us all feel
that eventually the church will be as insistent upon a trained teaching
force as upon a trained ministry, and that the community will be as
willing to pay for religious education as for secular education. The
prayer circles that the mission boards use have shown by the testi-
mony of many persons ministering in far ofif fields how practically
we can co-operate through our prayers even though we may be far
apart in body.

One of the changes in the attitude of modern women which is most
noticeable is their different view of childhood. Motherhood used to
be a rather selfish thing — each one thought of the needs of her own
children, and except in isolated instances gave little thought to the chil-
dren of others. Today, while mothers are just as anxious for the
welfare of their own children, they are beginning to think and act in
terms of universal motherhood and are seeking the best not only for
their own, but for all childhood. This is true not only of mothers,
but of women everywhere, whether or not they have children of their
own. So with those of us who are working with the children of a
certain state or province, who are "ours" in a peculiar way, we must
not only work and pray for the best things for our own, but our sym-
pathies must be broad enough to extend to the children of the whole
continent, and indeed to the children of the world; we must not be
satisfied (even though our own children are receiving the best along
religious education lines) until every child, wherever he may be, what-
ever his heredity and environment, is also receiving the best.

So let us feel that we are working together, that every victory,
whatever it may be, strengthens the others in their work; that those
who are working in the hardest places have the sympathy and love and
prayers of the others; that together we are seeking to give to every
child in America and through America to every child In the whole
world a religious education which will help him develop his spiritual
life to the utmost and which will give to the world the crowning touch
of democracy — a Christian civilization.

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 169

DEVELOPING THE WORK OF THE CRADLE ROLL
By Mrs. William H. Dietz,

Primary Worker

The Cradle Roll superintendents who have had most success in the
Cradle Roll work have kept closely in touch with the homes, making
occasion for frequent recognition of the baby, sending or taking the
birthday card the morning of the baby's birthday ; the sending of invi-
tations for the Cradle Roll day in the Sunday School or the Cradle
Roll party; suggesting or supplying helpful literature on the care and
training of the child; sending flowers in time of sickness or death;
observing the public promotion of Cradle Roll Children into the Begin-
ners' department; conducting a Cradle Roll class in the Beginners'
department if children attend before the public promotion; invitations
sent to parents asking that a special effort be made on their part to be
present on the Sunday nearest the baby's birthday, Easter, Children's
Day, Rally Day and Christmas.

THE ELEMENTARY DIVISION SUPERINTENDENTS AND

THE ELEMENTARY PROGRAM FOR

THE LOCAL SCHOOL

By Mrs. Lucy Stock Chapin,

Children's Division Superintendent, Connecticut Sunday School
Association

The Elementary program for the local school is not the weekly
session program, but rather the .complete plan or denominational
standard adopted for the four departments included in the Elementary
Division.

Nearly all of the denominations have their own standards. In
addition to these there is our International Elementary Divisic:i
standard.

First of all, it is the duty of the Sunday School Association Super-
intendents to support the denominational standards. This means a
(definite educational program carried out by the district or township,
county and state or provincial superintendents.

By means of visits to the local school on Sunday and attending week-
day workers' conferences, by calls upon heads of departments, by the
distribution of literature with accompanying letters of explanation, by
charts, and by conventions, conferences, rallies, Institutes and the
like, the Association Superintendents may promote these standards.

170 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

There is need also of training the workers in the local schools to
report back the progress made by the different departments. This
again is a process of education which is almost endless because of
frequent changes of leadership both in the local schools and in the
Sunday School Association, together with changed methods of gather-
ing reports.

If, however, the district or township and county Elementary Super-
intendents win the co-operation of the workers in the local schools,
the reports will come.

Showing oneself friendly and interested in the problems and prog-
ress of the school is the surest way of winning the co-operation of the
local school worker.

Many of these workers need not only to be shown how to report,
but they must be made to appreciate the value of the reporting, both
to the organized work and to their own schools.

The right relationship between the Elementary Superintendents and
workers in the local schools will result in the raising of all of the
schools in a community to the same high level of efficiency and thus
provide for every child in that community the same opportunity for
receiving a religious education.

TRAINING FOR SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION
ELEMENTARY DIVISION WORK

By Mrs. Phebe A. Curtiss,

Children's Division Superintendent, Ohio Sunday School Association

In order to do efficient work in township or county, state or
province, in the Elementary Division, it is necessary to have training
in two directions, i. e., in the local school work and in Sunday School
Association work.

The one who is chosen to lead in township or county Association
Elementary Division work would naturally be either a Cradle Roll
worker, a Beginners' teacher, a Primary or a Junior worker. She
will usually know quite well the work of her own department, but in
all probability will not be so well versed in the others.

Her first training, then, must be to make her familiar with the
v7ork of the other departments in this division. This training may be
obtained through the study of books, articles, leaflets, etc., and by
visitation and observation. She should read and study books on
child psychology, story work, handwork, and at least one good book
on each of the four departments. Organization and equipment should

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 171

be so clearly understood that she can help her constituency to adjust
their plans most fittingly to the surroundings and conditions. She
must have a clear conception of the graded lessons, not only in her
own department or even division, but as a complete scheme of lessons.
In short, she must have a good general knowledge of every plan that
will help to improve the Elementary work in the local school.

In the Association work she must know thoroughly the genius of
the organized work. The relation of the World's and International
Association to state association, to county and township association
and to the individual school. The duties devolving upon her must be
clearly defined in her own mind. All of this she may acquire through
leaflets which have been prepared, and by keeping closely in touch with
the conventions, institutes, community schools, schools of methods,
graded unions, etc., which come within her reach.

No one institution can give the training she needs as well as can
the International Training School for Sunday School Association
leadership at Lake Geneva, Wis.

CONFERENCE POINT TRAINING SCHOOL

By Miss Maggie S. Wilson,

Children's Division Superintendent, Maryland Sunday School
Association

On the shores of a lake that gems the bosom of Wisconsin is Con-
ference Point, the home of the International Training School, an
institution that ranks high in the field of religious education. Founded
in 1912 to meet the demand for trained leadership in Sunday School
Association work, the school has steadily advanced in efficiency and
attendance.

A four-year course is offered, one-half of which deals with the
underlying principles of the organized work and methods of promoting
the work, the other half with the work of the local school. The gen-
eral course is taken by all students and covers those subjects with
which every one engaged in the organized work needs to be familiar.
The specialization course is elective and affords opportunity for the
study of the work of each division of the Sunday School. The Ele-
mentary specialization course prepares for leadership in state or
province or county in the work of the Elementary division.

But the educational work is not all. The personal touch with the
great Christian leaders of the continent, the hours of fellowship with
others engaged in the same blessed work, the deeply spiritual atmos-

172 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

phere that hallows the place, the quiet beauty of the surroundings, the
evening services on the hillside when our hearts lowly bend and our
thoughts are of Him who taught other disciples beside a lake in
Galilee — these experiences are invaluable.

The mornings are devoted to class work, the afternoons to study and
recreation, the evenings to lectures and entertainments.

All who are engaged in Sunday School Association work, in state,
or county or district, all who are planning to enter upon this work,
should avail themselves of the training that Conference Point affords.
Would you in this service more and more efficient grow?
Would you methods tried and most effective know?
Would you leader be and help throughout your field bestow?
Conference Point's the place for you.

THE CRADLE ROLL CLASS IN THE SUNDAY SCHOOL
By Mrs. Mary Muffly Morehouse,

Children's Division Specialist

Why a Cradle Roll class? First, to give proper religious instruction
to children under 4; second, to eliminate a disturbing element from the
Beginners' department; third, to increase Sunday School enrollment
and average attendance; fourth, to bring the parents to Christ and
into the church.

Miss Danielson, the author of the Beginners' graded lessons, wrote
"Object Lessons for the Cradle Roll." She wrote them primarily for
children in the home, but as there is no scheme or religious education
for children under 4 years, these can well be used for the 3-year-olds.
They give a year's definite religious nurture, helping the child to trace
his daily benefits back to the Heavenly Father. They show God's care
behind everything. Dawson says, "Everything in a child's surround-
ing should be interpreted religiously," and that is exactly what Miss
Danielson has done in this course. The lessons deal with the child's
food, clothes, home, pets and friends, and show that it is the loving
Heavenly Father who has given all to him. The course may begin at
any time during the year. The lessons are a combination of conver-
sation and story, very short and simple.

The superintendent must know and be ready to use many songs
about the rain, sunshine, birds, windmills, etc., so that little plays can
be brought in which help the children to live out the lessons, and
which give the much needed relaxation and exercise. Often ten or
twelve such exercises will be used during the period, not as mechanical

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 173

exercises, but as part of the service. The superintendent must be
ready to join in the play life, and be a flying bird, a sunbeam, etc.

Short, simple prayers, both formal and extempore, will be used
many times during the session. The textbook contains both music
and prayers, but the superintendent should be familiar with kinder-
garten song books, and such books as "Songs for Little People," "The
Children's Year," and "Children's Songs of City Life."

Handwork can be used to good advantage with these children,
especially drawing. They love to do it, but of course it must be per-
fectly free work. Pictures in abundance for the different lessons must
be collected from all sources. The regular Beginners' and Primary
pictures are splendid.

Miss Danielson has provided a nest of blocks with pictures on
them, and an additional box of objects.

SUNDAY SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT FOR BEGINNERS
By Mrs. Mary MufHy Morehouse,

Children's Division Specialist

What environment should the church of Jesus Christ provide for
the little child who comes to Sunday School?

1. The Right Atmosphere. Now, I don't mean fresh air, sunshine,
etc., I mean that indefinable something which you feel instantly in
some schools. Miss Danielson, the writer of "Lessons for Teachers
of Beginners" and the Graded Lessons for Beginners, defines at-
mosphere so beautifully that I am going to give it to you in her
words. "It is the teacher's spirit that creates the atmosphere: her
forgetfulness of self in the interest of her pupils, her susceptibility
to their feelings, her own great longing and desire for worship, her
absorption in the theme, and her enthusiasm in the subject discussed."
Every Beginners' department can have the right atmosphere no matter
whether it is in a great city Sunday School or a small rural school,
whether they meet with the main school or as a separate department.

2. Proper Equipment. A well ventilated, separate room, kept clean
and orderly, furnished in dainty colors and made homelike. Floor
of hardwood, or covered with a rug, a few good pictures hung low,
a dado of burlap, small, low chairs (not red), arranged in a broken
circle, a blackboard, musical instrument, piano if possible, cabinet, and
a place to hang the children's wraps. I am sure that right here
someone would like to say, "Well, I teach in a one-room school and
it is impossible to have this equipment." You cannot have it all, but

174 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

you can have a little corner to one side of the pulpit. Your department
can be separated from the other pupils by screens or curtains. These
will form temporary walls for hanging of pictures. Small chairs, a
cabinet, a folding table, and possibly a blackboard can be placed there.
In fine weather the department can meet outdoors. In one school
the Beginners' department met in an automobile, and in another it
occupied a big moving van which was backed up to the church. At
Hemenway church, Evanston, 111., the pastor's wife very kindly in-
vited the Beginners to meet at the parsonage. In La Grange, III, the
department meets in the public kindergarten room. In Rapid City,
South Dakota, the church rented a house and thus provided for the
separate departments. In parts of California and Iowa, separate build-
ings have been erected at small cost. In Turlock, Cal, a small house
was bought, moved and joined to the church for the little folks. In
some places a tent is used for the summer months. Where the
Beginners' pupils must meet with the Primary, it is very simple and
easy to place screens between the classes. Possibly your only chance
for separation is to use the church kitchen. Then place screens to
hide all the unsightly objects, fasten pictures on the screens, bring
flowers and flags, and arrange your equipment each Sunday. A big,
damp, barren basement may be made usable — first by having it made
dry, then by screening off a small portion and equipping it. Under
these conditions the superintendent and teachers must arrive early
enough to prepare the room before the children come.

3. Results from Good Environment. It helps to keep the children
regular in their attendance because they love to come to an attractive
room. It creates in them a taste for fine pictures and lovely flowers.
It impresses upon them the beauty of cleanliness and order. It de-
velops self-expression because when their feelings are stirred they
naturally live out their inner lives in song, story, prayer, praise and
handwork. It gives the superintendent a better opportunity to teach
spiritual truths through story, song, etc., because the children can
listen, think and understand much better in the proper environment
than when conditions are not favorable. It leaves them with a restful,
happy feeling. I remember little Eleanor running up to her teacher
and throwing her arms around her one Sunday at the close of the
session. This was her silent way of expressing her joy at the service.
But the one compelling reason is that it helps the child to worship.
Worship is a feeling and an attitude. We cannot command or demand
it. It must be created in the child. The right atmosphere is essential
for worship. But atmosphere is not enough— proper seating arrange-

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 175

meut, materials with which to work, separation and the llowers and
pictures all contribute. The pictures have a silent influence. Ruth
used to walk around the room, look at the pictures, take them in
her hands and kiss the ones she loved. And oh, the look of joy and
reverence; oh, her face! It is much easier for a child to worship,
to pray, to praise and to love the Heavenly Father when his environ-
ment is right. He is so susceptible to his surroundings.

CRADLE ROLL PROMOTION SERVICES
By Miss Myrtle Huckelberry,

Children's Division Worker

I. The purpose. That our Sunday Schools may establish and
maintain a high standard of efficiency and really stand for progress in
religious education in the community there must be recognition of
physical and mental growth, and a systematic advancement from
department to department. The babies do not know why they are
being promoted, but we are helping them to measure up to the
standard set by the school, and are creating the idea and habit of
striving for advancement. The recognition of his physical growth, by
the bestowing of a diploma, the transfer of his name to the Begin-
ners' class, and the expectation of being a regular attendant of the
Sunday School, help the child to feel that he is a part of the great
organization to which he belongs, and creates a deeper interest in it.
This little service makes glad the hearts of fond parents, who are
always pleased when their child is given special attention. It brings
them into closer sympathy and interest in the church which thus honors
their baby, leads to more definite co-operation with the Sunday School
teacher, and many times has been the means of bringing the family to
Christ. It also helps them realize their great opportunities.

II. The place. The best place for this service is before the whole
church at the regular preaching hour.

HI. The time. In large schools it may be twice a year — at the
Easter service, or Children's Day and at the regular Promotion Day,
the last Sunday in September. In small schools the latter date is
preferable.

IV. The personnel. The babies of the Cradle Roll who have
passed their third birthday, even if they have been attending Sunday
school for several months.

V. The material. Appropriate songs. Scripture, poetry and prayer,
all of which are very brief.

176 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Processional. Beginners and Primary children carrying flowers,
followed by the Cradle Roll graduates.

Song. "Open the Gates for the Dear Little Feet," or "The Sweetest
Words I Have Ever Read." (Primary and Junior Hymnal.)

Presentation of diplomas.

Cradle Roll Superintendent presents class to the Beginners' Teacher
in one minute.

Beginners' Teacher or Superintendent responds as briefly.

Beginners' sing, "A Welcome Warm a Welcome True. (Carols.)

Prayer.

VI. The decorations. Like the service, the decorations ought to
be simple, dainty and childlike. The Elementary colors, white and
green, or the Cradle Roll colors, blue and pink, may be used.

The white fence, with the swinging gates, is perhaps the most
effective and suggestive arrangement for the platform, twined with
green and dainty flowers, and ribbons to tie the gates. Or aisles may
be formed by the Primary children over which they hold half hoops,
daintily covered with flowers, under which the Cradle Roll babies pass ;
or festoons of flowers held by the Primary children would be very
effective. Mass the decorations; do not have many bouquets of clash-
ing colors.

VII. The invitations. These ought to be as clever and childlike
as possible. Hand made ones are, of course, most attractive. The
little Sunbonnet Babies, the Overall Boys, cradle-shaped cards and
those decorated with birds, flowers or tint children are all usable.

LESSONS FOR BEGINNERS AND CRADLE ROLL CLASS
By Mrs. J. M. Ross,

Children's Division Superintendent, Erie County Sunday
School Association

The year 1902 may be regarded as an epoch-making one for
Beginners and their teachers, for in that year the Beginners' graded
lessons were authorized. The ideal curriculum for little children is
a topical story course based upon a child's needs. The Beginners'
course of the International graded lessons is a topical story course
covering two years. The second year is not advanced in grade over
the first. The themes for the lessons are seasonal. The course begins
in October and during the first six or seven weeks of each year the
subject of the Heavenly Father's care is presented, helping the little
child to feel a loving confidence in the Father which banishes fear.

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 177

''Thanksgiving for Care" follows naturally and paves the way
for the Thanksgiving festival and "Thanksgiving for God's Best
Gift" prepares the child in heart and mind for the beautiful Christmas
season.

Each topic suggests lessons which are appropriate to the season
and helpful to the children at their present stage of development. The
Beginners' graded lessons are all given in story form, which is the
golden method of instruction. They are all based upon passages
from the Bible. The nature stories are elaborations of Bible verses.
The results of these lessons are often very beautiful. "Mother, I do
love God. I wish I could see God. He is so good to us," a little
Beginner explained after hearing about "The Heavenly Father's Care"
for several successive Sabbaths.

For the older Cradle Roll children who come into the Sabbath
Schools, even these Beginners' lessons are too difficult, and so we sub-
stitute "Object Lessons for the Cradle Roll Class," by Miss Danielson.
Through pictures, objects and simple stories of home life, these
lessons seek to carry out the thought that "Everything by which a
little child is surrounded should be interpreted for him religiously."

LAYING THE FOUNDATION FOR MISSIONARY
EDUCATION

By Miss Wilhelmina Stooker,

Children's Division Specialist

In the heart of each little child, God has planted the instinct of
love for others. We may think the child is entirely self-centered, but
there is always a manifestation of love even in the tiny child. To be
sure childhood is the absorbing time of life, but the seed of doing
for others is there and if we nurture it it will grow to become,
by and by, the dominant thing of life. But, as Froebel has said,
"If a love is not nurtured it will decay." Perhaps we will see even
the baby spread his coat over a shivering kitten, share his bread with
a hungry puppy, or respond to some other simple need which he
sees and understands. We must help him to be very observant of the
needs about him and to show him ways in which he can help.

Miss Danielson's "Lessons for the Cradle Roll, "The International
Beginners' Lessons" and "A Course for Beginners in Religious Educa-
tion," by Mary E. Rankin, are all splendid helps which we may use in
our Sunday Schools to develop love and helpfulness. Are your pupils
being helped to respect the servants, the clerks, and all the workers
they know, especially the foreigners ?

12

1^8 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Before the children are six years old and ready to leave the
Beginners' departments, they have formed most of their attitudes
toward the various peoples of the world. Sometimes people say they
do not believe in teaching foreign missions in the Beginners' depart-
ment, but we cannot shut children up in a glass case and expect that
they will never hear or see people of different races till they are older.
If we do not give them the teaching and training that will form the
right ideas, the wrong attitudes may be formed, and it will take years
to overcome those early impressions. What then shall we tell them?
Not the things that will make other races seem repulsive, or pitiable,
or different, but the things that will make them respected, make them
likeable, and make them seem very much like ourselves. Stories,
pictures and songs will be helpful.

But this is the most important thing — to study the different people
of the world ourselves, until we know and love them in such a way
that when we answer the children's first questions about them, we
will make the children know and love them too.

LAYING FOUNDATIONS FOR TEMPERANCE

EDUCATION— BEGINNERS

By Mrs, Mary Foster Bryner,
Field Worker, International Sunday School Association

Growth is characteristic of childhood. Conditions of growth are
parentage, provision for needs, protection from danger, proper use
of God's good gifts. Little children are busy learning how to use
the different members of the body. They may be taught to feel that
hands, feet, eyes, tongue, are God's good gifts placed in their care.

Foundation teaching should be concrete. Three foundation corner-
stones for building child character are love, trust and obedience. The
fourth is caution. Environment and heredity are not the only in-
fluences surrounding little children. Even the Christ child was in
such great danger that an angel carried the warning to Joseph.
Danger signals must be understood and obeyed — the auto horn, the
engine bell and whistle. In blossom time insects may lay the eggs
to mar the fruit in its earliest development.

For Beginners the word "temperance" has no meaning. They feel
much but understand little. Because they absorb influences a bit of
temperance atmosphere may be created in their room by illustrated
picture songs, and in the program by the development in conversation
or story form of a short Bible text — "Keep thyself pure" — or a

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 179

sentence of prayer — "O Lord, keep Thou the door of my Hps" — or a
simple song.

While Beginners' graded lessons designate none as temperance,
there are frequent opportunities to show how the growth, beauty
and strength of God's trees, plants, flowers and animals depend upon
God's gift of plenty of pure, fresh water. God's little children are
worth more than any of these. All teaching should be positive in
character.

"Each little flower holds up its head.

To catch the rain and dew.
The drink for flowers, which comes from showers

Is just the drink for you."

BEGINNERS' PROMOTION SERVICE
By Miss Myrtie Huckleberry,

Children's Division Worker

I. The need of promotion : Stimulate interest in strife for a goal.
Cultivate desire for advancement. Provokes attainment of knowledge.
Recognizes growth in physical, mental and spiritual life. Broadens
character, by contact with a new group of people. Keeps the Beginners'
circle graded.

II. The basis for promotion: Not age, nor stature, nor mental
attainment so much as what the child has become, is the basis for his
being passed on. If he associates the Heavenly Father with his daily
life; shows by his conduct that he is trying to act as God's child;
that he knows Jesus as friend, he is ready for the Primary depart-
ment. However, children who have entered the public schools are
usually promoted. No definite memory work is required; yet we are
assured that he will know many of the songs, prayers. Scripture verses
and stories which have been used from week to week.

HI. The material for the program: For the public promotion
service use the things with which he is familiar; songs, prayers,
Scripture verses and stories, making the service as informal as that
with which he is familiar in Sunday School. A very short service is
necessary.

Song. Beginners' Department, "Enter into His Gates." Carols.

Simple Morning Prayer.

Let us say the verse about God's love. God is love.

Would you like to sing our song, "Our Heavenly Father"?
Carols.

What is our verse about God's Care? "He careth for you."

180 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

May we sing, "How Strong and Sweet My Father's Care"?

Carols.
What verse tells about giving? "Freely give."
Would you like to sing, "Giving Day by Day"? Carols.
Presentation of Diplomas.
Class presented to the Primary Superintendent. Time, two

minutes.
Class received by the Primary Superintendent. Time, two

minutes.
Class sing "Holy Is the Lord." Carols.
Class takes place in Primary section,

IV. The decorations : Green and white. Wire netting covered
with garden asparagus, which can be arranged on Saturday because
it does not wilt, makes a fine background. Insets of wild carrot
(Queen's lace), which is so common, or any dainty white flower,
makes a very effective setting. The flowers can be quickly arranged
the morning of the service. Make it as fairy-like as possible. It is
not a "show-off occasion," and so ought to be kept naturally simple,
dainty and beautiful.

V. The invitations : In keeping with the rest of the service, these
ought to be childlike. A tiny booklet, on the cover of which may be
written A, B, C. Within may be the invitation. A Beginner child in-
vites you to the Promotion Day Service of the Community Sunday
School, Sept. 25, 1919. 10 130 a. m. Use green ink on white paper, or
white ink on green paper.

VI. The result: Children helped, encouraged, delighted and sat-
isfied. A goal reached. Parents interested, gratified, awakened to own
opportunity and responsibility, many times becoming regular attendants
at Sunday School and church services; often becoming Christians.
School enlightened, enriched, encouraged and strengthened.

THE PRIMARY STANDARD

By Miss L. Grace Kane,

Children's Division Superintendent, Pennsylvania Sunday

School Association

For a number of years Elementary workers in the different
departments of the Elementary division followed carefully the standard
of efficiency outlined by the International Sunday School Association,
but as the work grew and with the introduction of the International
graded lesson courses, this standard did not seem to meet the needs
of the work. Emphasis had been made largely on the mechanical or

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 181

organization part of the work while the need grew larger for more
emphasis on the spiritual aim. The result has been a separate standard
for each department of the Elementary division.

The Primary standard is used as a measure by which we test our
work, keeping before us what it is possible for a child to become
during the six, seven and eight years of life. Our first aim should
be what the child may become in his life, and this is shown in his
conduct. The Primary child constantly shows a God-consciousness,
and we, as teachers, must give him the knowledge of God that will
help to develop him into the large life which is his. The aims of
the standard help us to realize these ends and are based upon what he
may become. Knowing the results to be attained, now our greatest
concern is how to attain them, and the standard clearly defines the
means for realizing these ends.

Primary teachers can easily take this standard and use it as their
goal of eflFort, during the three Primary years. We should ask our-
selves just what is the child capable of becoming and how may we
help him? Are we doing all the things suggested in the Primary
standard so that these three years of the child's life will mean all
they may and should to him? Our goal is the spiritual development
of life and the Standard is a guide in aiding us to reach the goal.
The results will be:

1. Each child prepared for the Junior department, grade work
completed, right habits begun, increased knowledge of Bible facts.

2. Character building which is developed through story teaching,
obedience, self-control, a desire to do and capable of making choices.

3. A growing love for God and his Son and things holy. Right
relations between the Father and child and others.

4. Co-operation between home and school — parents and teachers —
all working together for the spiritual good of the child.

CORRELATED TEMPERANCE EDUCATION—PRIMARY
By Mrs. Mary Foster Bryner,

Field Worker, International Sunday School Association
The history of the one perfect childhood is this: The child grew
and waxed strong (a physical ideal) ; filled with wisdom (a mental
ideal) ; and the grace of God was upon him (a spiritual ideal).

The heart of a child expanding in natural development becomes
the abiding place of this progression of ideals. Children's earliest
ideals are of the physical sort, growing big and strong, gaining
power and doing things actively. Children need much physical care.

182 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Primary children have developed considerable responsibility in caring
for themselves. They should be impressed early with the importance
of caring properly for the only body which is to be theirs through
life, and to be led to regard it as God's gift.

Temperance teaching is related much less to lessons than to
habits and life. For Primary children the influences of school and
street are added to those of home, neighborhood and Sunday School.
Definite temptations begin to assail. Parents and teachers must help
them to encourage right impulses, develop self-control, start right
habits and strengthen the power to choose things which help in prefer-
ence to things which harm.

Some reasons for teaching temperance to children are : To counter-
act false suggestions with plain truth ; to protect them from their own
dangerous tendencies (often inherited) ; because prevention is better
than cure ; because childhood is the habit-forming period ; because
childhood is the period when temperance impulse is most surely and
permanently awakened; because whatever we would find in the
Christian life of tomorrow we must build into child life today.

Temperance teaching may be related to the atmosphere and equip-
ment of the room; to the attitude and example of teachers; to the
department program by an illustrated song, prayer, picture, motto or
Bible text ; to the lessons, particularly graded lessons, where they are
arranged in groups ; to memory work in Bible texts, songs, mottoes,
etc., and to life.

"My body is God's for he gave it

All pure — and he made it for use.
He wants me to keep it and save it

From all kinds of harm and abuse."

CORRELATED MISSIONARY EDUCATION— PRIMARY
By Miss Wilhelmina Stooker,

Children's Division Specialist

There was a time when we gave five minutes to missionary educa-
tion in the Sunday School. That was in the days when we confined
our efforts to just one hour on Sunday. We arranged our set pro-
gram and one little solid block of five minutes only was for missionary
instruction. There were some Sunday Schools, too, which had a mis-
sionary program once a month, or once a quarter, and left missions
alone the rest of the time.

Now we have learned that we must put missions into our whole
program, and when I say program now, I mean all that we do on
Sunday and every day to help the whole life of the child. Missions

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 183

must go into their worship, their lessons, their service and their play.

If we are to have the best kind of missions in the lessons we must
use graded lessons. They bring to us the principles of missions which
children can actually live out and lessons which give us teachings
concerning the children of the world. Care must be exercised that
we so teach these lessons that we get the right results. If we simply
teach a lot of facts about the people of the world, we may as well stop.
The public school does that. If we are making other races seem
funny or queer and rather repulsive, we are giving anti-missionary
teaching and should be expelled from Sunday School. We are seek-
ing to help our children to love the children of the world — if we do
not accomplish that we have failed.

We must put missions into our prayers and into our singing.
There is a new song, "Because of Love," by Neidlinger, which you
will find helpful. Make your songs live by using pictures to illustrate
them. Many of our primary workers have a wire across the front
of the room and on it hang a series of pictures to illustrate the song.
These are pulled out as the children sing.

Books like "Missionary Program Material," by Anita B. Ferris,
the "Helper Picture Stories" from the Missionary Education Move-
ment, and "Friends of Ours," a primary reading book by Elizabeth
Colson contain splendid stories which may be used on Sunday or
at a week day story hour. Have you ever helped the children to
play the games of the children of other lands? Miss Hall's book,
"Children at Play in Many Lands," will tell you how. Know the
available material. Study and love people yourselves, and you cannot
fail to get results.

TEACHER-TRAINING FOR THE PRIMARY TEACHER
By Miss A. Edith Meyers,

Missionary Editor, American Baptist Publication Society
The degree of skill required of a workman depends upon three

considerations: (i) The intrinsic value of the raw material upon

which he works ; (2) the delicacy and intricacy of the tools employed ;

(3) the destiny of the finished product.

The raw material upon which the primary teacher works is the

most precious thing in the world — the life of a child. Her chief tool

is the most wonderful book in the world, the word of God; the

finished product, human life at its best.

The good workman must know (i) the nature and possibilities

of his raw mate?^5il : (2) how to use his tools ; (3) the result required

184 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

of him. The primary teacher needs to know (i) the child; (2) the
Bible and how to teach it; (3) her definite aim.

Teachers need training for their own sakes. Untrained teachers
find their work needlessly difficult, sometimes a nerve-racking task
instead of a joyous opportunity. They need training also for the
sake of their children, that life-warping errors may be avoided, and
fullest advantage taken of every moment of the Sunday School hour.

Teachers are advised to follow the new standard teacher training
course, covering three years of forty lessons each. The first and
second years comprise child study, Sunday School pedagogy, Sunday
School management; the second year, teaching values of the Old and
New Testament, social service and missions, and how to train the
devotional life; the third year for primary teachers will include
specialized child study, story-telling and primary methods.

The two great tragedies of childhood are to be unloved and to be
misunderstood. The latter is frequent in Sunday Schools. Teacher
training adds understanding to love, resulting in teaching that gives
the child the truths he needs to know now; training in habits of
prayer, reverence, obedience, kindness and helpfulness ; Sunday teach-
ing applied to week-day living.

WEEK-DAY ACTIVITIES FOR JUNIORS
By Miss Rose M. Russell,

Junior Worker

Junior workers realize that they cannot give Juniors an adequate
religious education through one service of one hour each week.

Many schools are planning for definite week-day activities. One
rule governs these. They must be the outgrowth of our teaching.

First Type— Activities that enlarge the pupil's knowledge. Map
work makes the countries live. Modeling makes people real. Illus-
trating illuminates memory work. Correlating missionary instruction
saves necessity of another organization.

Second Type — Service activities which help Juniors to "be doers
of the word and not hearers only." Doing for local church; flowers
for pulpit; making service flag; remembrances for soldiers. (2) Doing
for community; gathering flowers for settlements, hospitals, missions;
singing in home for the aged. (3) Doing for our mission fields
at home and abroad ; making things for mission boxes. (4) War-time
activities. Working for the Junior Red Cross ; Sunday School follow-
ing up the work of public school during summer; Junior knitting
clubs; a request for fans for camp hospitals.

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 185

Third Type — Social activities. Object, to get acquainted, to Chris-
tianize the social life of Junior. All week-day activities ultimately
have this effect. Groups overlap. Good times out of doors, Junior
picnics, opportunity to play active games, to teach new games. Junior
socials may take in many activities of other group. Missionary socials
linked up with special occasions. Christmas party shared with children
from Sunshine Home. An Easter party where Easter baskets were
made for children's hospital. Socials without refreshments — war-time.
Results : Broadened knowledge, unified Christian life ; broadened
sympathies, closer bond between teachers and pupils, introduction to
program of Jesus.

GRADED WORSHIP FOR JUNIORS
By Miss Charlotte Brown,

Junior Worker

This subject is one of no small importance to all who are engaged
in work with boys and girls. This is often called an irreverent age
and we an irreverent people. We must plead guilty to the charge.
Webster defines worship as the act or feeling of homage, and our
American emphasis upon the value of the individual has tended to
lessen the impulse to render such homage. In the home we find the
same tendency; the attitude of the parent toward the child has helped
to develop the spirit of irreverence which we so deplore. No longer
do we find reverence taught in the home.

In a majority of our Protestant churches we have allowed the
custom of reverent worship to fall into disuse. We have so long
been emphasizing the need for the growth of the social spirit, as
shown in acts of service and helpfulness that we have neglected this
other phase of our religious life; a phase without which the spiritual
life can not reach its full beauty. It is no uncommon thing to see
the members of a congregation whispering together more or less
quietly as the service proceeds. Still more often we see large numbers
coming into church in time for the sermon but too late for more
than a very brief part of the purely devotional period. The people of
this generation do not seemingly know how to enjoy worship.

This I believe is one of the greatest reasons for insisting upon
separate services for the younger departments of the Sunday School.
The older members are so careless in this matter that it becomes
difficult to help the children to acquire those habits of worship which
they fail to find in their older friends.

So we can depend neither upon the home nor the church for the

186 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

full development of this quality. Upon us in the Sunday School
falls the responsibility. How we are meeting it can be judged by
visiting a number of Sunday Schools in any city or town. We have
not yet fully awakened to the value of training along these lines.
Few writers have contributed much on the subject. For the most
part we do not yet know how best to work to develop in our children
habits of reverent thought and life.

Let us think for a moment of the Junior himself and see if we
can find some clue to help us in our effort. The Junior's life is one
of activity. There is little place in his scheme of things for dreamy
introspection. His is a world where things are always "doing." The
people whom he admires are those who have achieved something.
We need to help him to admiration and reverence for spiritual achieve-
ment as well as that which is material and physical, both of which
make an immediate and natural claim for his admiration.

We have two great instruments for our use in this task. Praise
and Prayer. Let these words be capitalized in your thinking, and
spend time and thought upon them. You can not lead your children
to the true spirit of worship unless you yourself are worshipping
Let every part of your devotional service be carefully planned. Never
let yourself fall into the fault of carelessness in leading a devotional
session. What can be more important than leading a child to the
right attitude toward God?

Teach your children to use songs for their great spiritual value.
The possibilities are beyond estimate. The Primary child can read
little, but the Junior can read everything. Usually he can follow
simple music. His voice is sweet and clear, and he has not entered
the time when he is uncertain whether he can conclude the song as
he begins it, as is the Intermediate boy. This is your opportunity
to build into his life the great h3mins of the church and settle into
his mind the lessons which they teach.

I wish that every Sunday School board could be induced to accept
a certain number of selected hymns as required work to be accom-
plished during the four years in the Junior department. Among these
should be included two or three good praise songs such as "When
Morning Gilds the Skies," "Come Thou Almighty King," "Oh, Day of
Rest and Gladness," and perhaps others. We are told that the
American army is a hymn singing army and that the songs they
sing are of the finest type, both as to words and music. This suggests
to us the songs in which the Juniors may express themselves in
worship. Give them the songs of action. The tunes with a martial

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 187

ring. Scores of hymns ought to be part of the mental spiritual
equipment of every child. When you and I were young most of us
were victims of the rag-time variety of Sunday School songs, but
those which have remained in your mind as your permanent possession
are those great hymns to which every age has a right. Use your
hymns as a means to worship and not as a means to hold attention
while the room is aired or the collection taken.

Teach your children to pray. Not merely to utter words, but to
pray. Talk with them about prayer. Make some of the Scripture
passages about prayer a definite part of the memory work for the
department. Let them memorize some of the beautiful prayers which
have been written. See to it that the child who leaves your depart-
ment understands the purpose of prayer and knows how to pray.
Lead them to pray for those activities or interests which your own
town or city is talking about. Let them suggest the subjects for your
prayer. Let your prayer always be a part of their life and not too
long to hold their interest. Your children are not worshipping while
you are praying for seven or eight minutes for everything under the
sun. No, indeed, they are doing something else, you may be sure.
Never permit any activity in the room during prayer. Let the secre-
tary understand that he must observe this time scrupulously. In
your prayers use the phrases which picture the majesty and power
of God. During the earlier years of the life of your pupils they
have been taught of the tenderness and love of the Heavenly Father;
bring them now to an understanding of his greatness. A response
sung at the close of the prayer helps to increase the feeling of worship.

And let us never forget that every time we meet our children,
and with them sing or pray, we are leading them a step toward the
fullness of their spiritual service. Do not think lightly of the period
of worship, which is your opportunity for great influence through the
whole life of each child.

TRAINING FOR JUNIOR SUPERINTENDENTS
AND TEACHERS

By Mrs. E. C. Knapp,
Children's Division Worker

The need of trained Junior workers in every school is evident.
Many now holding positions have had no training and recruits must
constantly be added. To meet this need there must be a definite
program for training workers.

188 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

It is essential that the Junior superintendent and teachers appreciate
the importance of their task and realize their need of help.

Splendid courses of teacher training are now offered. These
courses are being studied in many schools. In some instances where
one school cannot maintain a class, several schools unite in a com-
munity class. During recent years there has been the development of
city training schools which offer great advantages to the students.
Even if a Junior worker is so situated that it is impossible to belong
to training school or class, books may be secured and the courses
taken by correspondence.

In addition to a standard teacher training course, a reading course
is a great help. Most of the denominations and state associations
give credit for this work. In order that the books may be accessible
to all, every school should have a workers' library which will include
reference books and books dealing directly with Junior work, also a
complete set of the graded lesson textbooks.

Conventions, institutes and schools of methods all play an im-
portant part in the training of Junior workers. Those who attend
these meetings receive new inspiration and methods of work.

But the study of books and attendance at class is not enough.
There should also be practice and the students in training should be
given an opportunity for special work before they assume the re-
sponsibility of a class. The Junior superintendent, regular teachers
and officers and prospective workers need to assemble frequently to
study conditions and exchange plans. There are many helps for the
Junior worker who will use them.

It is not a question of where or when the superintendent or teacher
is trained. The demand is for men and women who have a vision of
the need — and who are willing to pay the price to fit themselves
for service.

CORRELATED TEMPERANCE INSTRUCTION IN THE
JUNIOR DEPARTMENT
By Miss Martha K. Hoener,

Children's Division Superintendent, Baltimore Sunday School
Association

The Sunday School, together with the home and the day school,
is a great factor in the laying of the foundation of a useful Christian
life. Therefore it is necessary that we provide for adequate tem-
perance instruction in one of the great habit-forming periods of life.

CHILDREN'S DIVISION 189

through which we find our Juniors passing, which shall result in the
formation of habits of self-control and self-denial.

Plan your program for the year, if you are a superintendent, with
the temperance lessons of the graded course in mind, so that the
themes presented there may be emphasized, and your work done in
a correlated way, as far as possible.

The methods used in presenting temperance instruction to Juniors
should be chosen with the interest of the Juniors in mind as in any
other subject to be taught, leading them to right thinking and right
doing. Appeal to the eye, to the ear, and always give opportunity
for self-expression.

The temperance bulletin board, with its weekly display of silent
teachers (posters, current news, cartoons, maps of country and state,
illuminated mottoes and pictures), may be the forerunner of a monthly
temperance program in department and class.

In your special temperance program, provide for use of Scripture
texts, songs and stories of right-doing, together with opportunities
for self-expression, either pledge-signing or the stating of a desire,
to the class teacher, in regard to choice of a good habit or the doing
of an act which shall be of benefit to him or to her. Pledge-signing
should follow intelligent teaching.

Have your Juniors illustrate songs, mottoes. Scripture texts and
passages, lessons and poems of a temperance nature and exhibit.

All temperance instruction should culminate in the desire to "give
to God and my fellow-men my best service."

CORRELATED MISSIONARY EDUCATION— JUNIOR

DEPARTMENT

By Miss Wilhelmina Stooker,

Children's Division Specialist

We find in these days we are facing all the problems we ever
faced before, and many new ones in our work with the Junior boys
and girls.

Our Juniors are talking and thinking in world terms. They know
the geography of the world and the characteristics of different races;
they discuss principles and relations of governments. Out of this
condition of world war will come thinkers and doers who will grapple
with missionary problems and solve them, if we give them right ideas
of justice and brotherhood.

Our Junior graded lessons help us to do this. But we need to
bring them more closely into connection with present-day problems.

190 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

The revision offered this year in the syndicate graded lessons helps
us a step in the right direction.

Because of the great opportunity we have just now, our mission
boards this year urge the Juniors to read and study "Stories of Brother-
hood," by Harold B, Hunting, Some of these stories may be told in
the Sunday School and then the book passed around. Another plan
is to make it the required correlated reading for the year and give
certain credit for it. Still another plan is to make it the basis for
study at the week day sessions of the department.

There are four splendid sheets of scrap pictures to use in connec-
tion with this study. All of this material can be obtained from your
mission boards and is a part of the material prepared under the theme
"Christianity and the World's Workers."

"Everyland," the magazine of world friendship for boys and girls,
has increased the size of its pages and will offer some splendid material.
The "Everyland Finding-Out-Club" affords a plan for correlated read-
ing under the direction of an adult. Your class may be an E. F. O. C.
Squad. It requires no extra organization.

The Juniors enjoy meeting during the week and doing definite
work for someone. Your home and foreign mission boards will tell
you of things which may be done. The World Sunday School Associa-
tion offers many suggestions.

Whenever the Sunday School makes a gift to any institutions or
field, we must help the boys and girls to become acquainted with that
field. One school I know prepares a chart for each offering. For
instance, when they made an offering to missions in China, they had
on their poster a Chinese Sunday School paper, small Chinese and
United States flags, and pictures of schools and scenes in China.

Other material for this work is "World Friendship," a leaflet pre-
pared by the Missionary Education Movement, i6o Fifth Ave., New
York City, lists, books, pictures and helps for missionary education
with Juniors. Every Junior should read "Missionary Education of
Juniors," by J. Gertrude Hutton.

CHAPTER VIII

YOUNG PEOPLE'S WORK

REPORT OF THE SECONDARY (YOUNG PEOPLE'S)
DIVISION

By William H. Danforth, Chairman; John L. Alexander, Superin-
intendent; R. A. Waite, Associate Superintendent

EVERY breath has been a lifetime, very step a mile in the amazing
development of the work of your Secondary or Young People's
Division in the last four years.
The division was wonderfully fortunate at the close of the Interna-
tional Chicago Convention in the selection and appointment of its
committee. The promotion of Edgar H. Nichols, its first chairman, to
the position of Association Treasurer, made way for the reorganization
of the committee with William H. Danforth of St. Louis as chairman.
Shortly after the Chicago Convention the committee was completed to
include the following personnel:

WiUiam H. Danforth, Chairman
Field Section Educational Section

J. R. Marcum, Esq. Edward Raffety, Ph. D.

Miss Anna Branch Binford Mrs. Katherine Willard Eddy

A. M. Locker E. W. Halpenny

This arrangement of the Secondary Committee put it in line with the
new and better organization of the International Association.

One of the truly great features of our committee work this past
year was the addition to the Secondary staff of Mr. R. A. Waite as
Associate Secondary Superintendent. Mr. Waite is a graduate of
Syracuse University and enjoyed Young Men's Christian Association
experience as secretary of a students' association and as the Boys' Sec-
retary of the Religious Department of the International Committee of
Young Men's Christian Associations. He was one of the boys' work
experts of the Men and Religion Forward Movement and, after a
short pastorate in Lincoln, Nebraska, came to strengthen and develop
our work among the young people of North America.

As this report is being written, we are faced with new problems
arising out of world-war conditions. Juvenile delinquency is growing

191

192 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

according to recent reliable investigation in our larger cities, and only
heroic efforts will keep us from suffering severe loss in youthful
morale, such as has occurred in England, France and Germany. Shortly
after the entrance of the United States into this world-war, the super-
intendent of your Secondary Committee addressed the Secondary work-
ers of the continent as follows :

"The organization that will render the most effective service to
the country and religious education after the war is the organization
that gives more than usual attention to its work now.

"The war multiplies problems and standing needs at home. The
most serious problem, and one of long standing, in religious education
and Sunday School associations is the one of adequately-trained lead-
ership. It is intensified now a thousandfold with the enlistment in our
new National Army of the flower of the leadership of our boys' Sunday
School organized classes. Everywhere we hear the call for new leader-
ship. It would be little short of a catastrophe were we to purchase
world liberty at the price of the moral and religious development of
the boys under draft age. What shall it profit any nation to win a war
or 'a place in the sun' and lose its boys, or what shall a people give in
exchange for its biggest asset — maturing youth?"

The progress in the Secondary Division or Young People's Work
of the continent in the last four years has been phenomenal. At San
Francisco in 191 1 attention was focused on the Sunday School's obUga-
tion to youth. In 1914, at Chicago, the 'Teen Age was the center of the
Sunday School's endeavor. In 1918, at Buffalo, the romance of four
unprecedented years speaks for itself. The condition of the Secondary
Division work of the State and Provincial associations during the
quadrennium has been exceedingly good. Out of sixty-one associa-
tions reporting, sixty have had Secondary superintendents, paid or
voluntary. During the span between International conventions there
have been sixteen paid Secondary superintendents in the field. With
the coming of the war these have been reduced to six in number. Two
of our superintendents are overseas in the Army Y. M. C. A. service,
as is also Mr. Danforth, the chairman of your committee. One of our
superintendents is in the Food Conservation service and one is in the
aviation branch of the United States Army.

Association Secondary Division Program

Turning from the price and sacrifice of war, it is to be noted that
this quadrennium has been a constant advance in Secondary achieve-
ment. At the very opening of this four-year period the Secondary
Section of the Fourth District Official Conference formulated an Asso-
ciation Secondary program, which has served as the standard of our

YOUNG PEOPLE'S WORK 193

effort. The Association Secondary program at this historic meeting
was clearly defined and was later included in "Half a Century of
Growth and Service." It was in this gathering that the work among
the young people of the Sunday School was classified according to its
denominational and community or association character. All of the
Secondary work may be grouped in fours. The constituency to be
served is fourfold: Adult Leaders or Teachers, Boys, Girls, Young
People. The development sought for is fourfold: the Physical, Social,
Mental and Religious expression of the Christian Hfe in service. The
organization for the above purpose is fourfold : the Organized Class,
the Organized Department, the Older Boy or Older Girl or Young
People's Conference, the Inter-Sunday School Council. The Organized
Class and the Organized Department constitute the Denominational
Sunday School Secondary program. The Older Boy or Older Girl or
Young People's Conference and the Inter-Sunday School Council
afford the Association's Community program for youth.

It may be well to pause here a moment to consider the objectives
of the above program, since these also were the outcome of the historic
Louisville Conference, already referred to. They are briefly stated as
follows: ri-'-SJ

I. To afford training opportunities for teachers and leaders of
the adolescent years for the leading of boys and girls and young people
to a conscious acceptance of Jesus Christ as Saviour and Lord.

2. To afford adequate opportunities for training in leadership
for the boys and girls and young people themselves.

3. To provide suggestive activities for the expression of boy, girl
and the life of youth in Christian service.

A very great and gratifying forward step in Secondary training
was effected in the last year of the quadrennium. The Secondary
Institute for County and Township Association Secondary Superin-
tendents was inaugurated. With the aid of four splendid stereopticon
lectures, three states were toured by an International team and instruc-
tion given in the Secondary program of the Sunday School Association.
The work was especially valuable in Ohio and West Virginia, the major
percentage of the Secondary superintendents of these states being
reached by these schools of two days' duration. The work so well
begun will be continued each year, three or four states or provinces
being thus served until the entire International field has been covered.
These institutes or officers' schools were open only to county or town-
ship Secondary superintendents. The local school worker was not
invited to attend.

13

194 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

During the quadrennium there were held some very great confer-
ences of note, dealing with the Secondary Division and its interests.
In New York, in the early part of the quadrennium, a Missionary Edu-
cation Conference, which promises to mean much to the missionary
education of youth, was held. In the fall of 1915, the Boys' Work
Department of the International Committee of the Young Men's Chris-
tian Associations invited the Federal Council of Churches, the Sunday
School Council, the Religious Education Association and the Interna-
tional Sunday School Association to a conference in New York City
in the interest of a standard program of boys' work for the continent.
The Young Men's Christian Association representatives presented the
American Standard Program, a modification of the Canadian Standard
Efficiency Tests, to the conference for approval and for joint promotion.
The conference refused to approve or endorse the American Standard
Program, but recommended the forming of a commission for the pro-
duction of a standard program of religious education for boys on an
educational basis. The North American Standard Program Commis-
sion was organized for this purpose and is still in existence, although
it has temporarily voted itself into retirement until a like commission
of the Religious Education Association has had time to make adequate
investigation and has submitted its report.

The New Secondary Standards
By far the most outstanding thing in the history of the Secondary
Division of the local Sunday School is the new set of Secondary Divi-
sion Standards as adopted by the Sunday School Council of Evangelical
Denominations. All through the quadrennium there has been great
agitation for standards for the local school that could be expressed in
the terms of the life of the pupil. The first of these Secondary con-
ferences was held in Cincinnati. Your superintendent was the chairman
of this joint conference and later served on a committee to study the
new standards. The second conference was held in Chicago a year
later and was also a joint conference of denominational and associa-
tion officials. At the Boston meeting of the Sunday School Council,
in January, 1917, these new standards were adopted and the Interna-
tional Executive Committee of the association, on the recommendation
of its Secondary Committee, voted its approval to the same. The new
standards extend the scope of the Secondary Division from the twelfth
year (twelfth optional) to the twenty-fourth year, inclusive. Three
departments are created and these are yet to be named. Group one
embraces the twelfth, thirteenth and fourteenth years; group two, the

YOUNG PEOPLE'S WORK

195

fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth years; and group three, the years
from eighteen to twenty-four. These standards can be secured from
any of the denominational Sunday School boards. The Young People's
Work Committee of the Sunday School Council have yet to complete
their work in renaming the departments. Until this is done all litera-
ture can only be tentative in nature.

In 1914, at the Chicago Convention, the Secondary Committee
reported the distribution of a quarter of a million pieces of Secondary
Division literature. A very conservative estimate, b-ased on the records
of sales in the association office and business department, places the
distribution of Secondary Division association leaflets and literature at
approximately half a million pieces for the quadrennium. This could
have been made larger, but our policy has been to curtail distribution
until the Sunday School Council, through its Young People's Work
Committee, had finished its restatement of Secondary standards.

There are now 36,680 organized Secondary Division Sunday School
classes registered in our State and Provincial Association offices. A
comparison of the annual statements by years in the quadrennium might
be interesting and profitable:

March 25, 1914 8,771

March 25, 1915 15,167

March 25, 1916 23,302

March 25, 1917 29,879

March 25, 1918 36,680

The real problem of the organized class is its bona-fide character.
The organized class is a denominational method and but little is done
to keep it alive and working. There is much need for an annual regis-
tration to give the method real force and life.

Organized departments are rapidly coming into Sunday School
usage. These departments vary in character, according to the intelli-
gence and ability of the local leader. At present there is much choice
in these Secondary departments and the following departments are
actually at work somewhere :

Choice I — Intermediate Senior Young People

12-14 15-17 18-24

Choice II — Intermediate Boys Senior Young People
Intermediate Girls 15-17 18-24

12-14

Choice III — 'Teen Age Young People

12-17 18-24

Choice IV — Boys Girls Young People

12-17 12-17 18-24

196 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

There are yet few real departments in existence where the separate
department enjoys its own opening and closing worship and its own
administration.

The Community Program of the Secondary Division of the Sunday
School Association is making amazing progress each year. The Older
Boys', Older Girls' and Young People's conferences are multiplying
themselves by the score. The city of Birmingham has the honor of
holding the first Young People's City Conference for young people of
eighteen to twenty-four years, and the State of Ohio takes first place in
holding the first State Young People's Conference. Approximately one
thousand Secondary Division Organized Class conferences have been
held during the quadrennium with a quarter of million registered Boy,
Girl and Young People delegates. The latest development in these con-
ferences is the distinctive Sunday School type with parallel work ses-
sions and joint inspirational sessions for Older Boys and Girls.

The Inter-Sunday School Council
The Inter-Sunday School Council is the permanent city or county
organization for the unifying of Older Boys, Older Girls and Young
People in their continuous community work. As yet these are limited
in number and scope. About one hundred and fifty cities and counties
have organized in this manner, and through these councils great prog-
ress in young people's activities is being made. Their programs are
Sunday School plans, and the schools of some communities have been
remade in their Secondary sections by the work of the councils. The
councils generally work to a program, month by month, checking up
at each monthly meeting. Through these councils the Older Boys and
Girls in the Sunday Schools of North America are doing a great deal
of Christian social service in the communities in which they live. They
hold leaders' retreats for training, conduct training classes for 'teen-age
boys and girls, plan and promote community surveys and make arrange-
ments for the following: Father and son banquets, mother and daugh-
ter banquets, the move-up forward movement, the enlisting and
recruiting movement for Christian life and service, organized class
demonstrations, the world's comrades class movement, the anti-cigaret
campaigns, the anti-profanity campaigns. Thanksgiving and Christmas
benevolences. Boy and Girl Church Day, play leaders' campaign, and
the teaching of English to foreigners campaign. They also promote
and operate the meet-my-friend movement, the kindergarten Sunday
School movement, the Pocket-Testament League, and the fresh air
movement. Volumes could be written on each one of these activities.

YOUNG PEOPLE'S WORK 197

The dominant spiritual note in this huge volume of work is marked.
There is no complete way of estimating the decisions made for the
Christian hfe, accessions to the Christian church or forward steps taken
for Christian living. A very careful estimate, based on the annual
reports of the superintendent of this committee, places the forward
steps of this quadrennium at little short of one hundred and fifty thou-
sand, one-third of which were out-and-out acceptances of Christ as
Lord. These figures do not attempt to account for the work of the
local Sunday School and are merely given for community conferences,
councils and pre-Easter campaigns.

The most serious problem of the quadrennium, of course, is that of
our Secondary leadership. The youth of the Sunday School will not be
properly led until the youth itself has been trained for the task. In the
training of adult leadership the Secondary Section of the International
Training School has been busy. Twenty-one graduates have been given
International diplomas with Secondary specialization honors in the last
two years. The number of trained Association Secondary superintend-
ents will steadily grow as this splendid school is maintained and
developed.

International Older Boy and Older Girl Camp-Conferences
The very biggest thing of all our training, however, is our Older
Boy and Older Girl Camp-Conferences. These conferences at Confer-
ence Point-on-Lake Geneva are open to choice older boys and girls from
sixteen to twenty-two years of age. The conferences are three years
in curriculum, and train the boy and girl in camp for Sunday School
leadership. Four hundred and fifty are now in the colleges and uni-
versities ©f the country, being educated for Christian service of one
sort or another because of the inspiration and leading given in these
camp-conferences. Besides this, it produces local school leadership.
Mr. Marcum, acting chairman of our Secondary Committee, writes as
follows :

"This is the significance of the International Older Boys' and Girls'
Camp-Conferences, and this is the genius of their work. The camper
lives for two weeks in the atmosphere of what may be called 'Applied
Christianity.' Religion is not talked about very much, but it is lived a
great deal. The Fourfold Life is actually demonstrated, 'from early
morn till dewy eve,' and then on to bedtime. The teaching work of the
morning, the organized playground and athletic work of the afternoon,
the inspirational service at sundown, the social life of the evening, all
these definitely contribute to the training process of the camps. When,
at the end of the two weeks, the campers begin to take count of what
they have done, and what they have become, and what they propose to

198 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

do about it, their statements always take one or both of two forms :
first, a purpose to go back to the home school and there to go to work
at their task of assisting in bringing in the Kingdom of God ; second,
a purpose to return to the camp for the full three-year course offered
there.

"The Sunday School has the same problem that all other great move-
ments have. Its problem is to discover and develop and train leader-
ship. It must be self-perpetuating. Its leadership must come largely
from within itself. The International Older Boys' and Older Girls'
Camp-Conferences were raised up to assist in this process of discover-
ing, developing and training Sunday School leadership. That it is
beginning to show the results of its activity, any person who has
observed its work will agree. It deserves the support and co-operation
of YOUR Sunday School. YOU will profit by the association."

Choice older boy and girl campers are given the benefit of our
Student Fund for college courses. Ten such approved students are
now in preparation for association leadership. This month (June) sees
the first fruits of this policy realized, and a young man and a young
woman will be graduated out of college and into our association
employed officers' ranks. We are aiming for a thousand trained work-
ers of this character. This is the secret of our camp-conferences. In
the four years of the camp-conferences we have registered 1,142.

War is all about us. The chairman of our Secondary Committee is in
France. He writes from the battle line that this Secondary work is the
most important of all the things which he is doing. He says that the
victories of the world are not to be won in France, but in the lives of
our American youth. Dr. A. L. Philips, just before his death, handed
this writing on a strip of paper to your superintendent as a sort of last
will and testament to those boys and girls whom he loved :

MOTTO FOR SECONDARY DIVISION
"See the Invisible !
Be the Superhuman !
Do the Impossible !
The Utmost for the Highest."
With God's help, we shall pass on to another quadrennium of achieve-
ment.

CHAPTER IX

WORK AMONG ADULTS

The Adult Division represents religious education for all adults. At
the present time four definite departments have been organized and
promoted dealing with various groups in the Adult Division. They are:
Home Department, Parent Training Department, Men's Organized Bible
Class and "Women's Organized Bible Class.

REPORT OF THE ADULT DIVISION
By W. C. Pearce

EARLY in the present quadrennium the Home Department was
grouped with the O. A. B. C. w^ork for the primal purpose of
securing administrative economy and efficiency, with the second-
ary purpose of securing the wisest possible co-operation between the
Home Department and the O. A. B. C. movement of North America.
This grouping was adopted because so large a proportion of the Home
Department membership are adults.

During the quadrennium the Parent Training Department was also
organized as a part of the Adult Division, because those who need
training for the task of the Christian nurture of children in the home
are largely in tlie adult classes. Therefore, in the interest of perma-
nence and efficiency, it is vital that the Parent Training Department
should be grouped with the Adult Division of the school, and that the
adult classes and parent-training classes should work together in the
closest possible unity.

With these ideals in view, the International Adult Division Com.-
mittee was organized into four sections : Home Department Section,
Mr. William Hamilton, chairman ; Parent Training Department Section,
Prof. E. P. St. John, chairman; Women's Bible Class Section, Mrs.
Emma Gary Wallace, chairman; Men's Bible Class Section, Mr. C. C.
Stoll, acting chairman.

Auxiliary Associations. — It has been our steadfast purpose to secure
an organization in each State and Province that will guarantee super-
vision, promotion and improvement of these four sections or depart-
ments of the Adult Division. The following progress can be reported :

Every State and Provincial Association has provided for some form
of Adult Division supervision. Ohio and Maine have paid full-time
Adult Division superintendents.

199

200 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois and Alabama have State Adult Division
federations.

Every State and Province has made some special provision for the
supervision of Home Department work. Vermont, Pennsylvania and
Ohio have Home Department superintendents paid for part or full time.

Connecticut is the first State to have formally adopted a Parent
Training Department as a definite part of their Adult Division work.
Most of the State and Provincial conventions have made some provision
for the presentation of the parent-training work on their programs,
and wherever it has been presented the most intense interest has been
manifested. The field is ripe for a definite advance in the interest of
parent-training. It is one of the greatest unmet needs in our Kingdom
work.

Educational and Promotion Literature

1. The Parent Training Department has prepared a leaflet, entitled
"The Parents' Department of the Sunday School." This leaflet presents
a discussion of the needs for the organization of parent-training classes,
methods of organizing and promoting them and a bibliography suggest-
ing suitable courses of study, and other books for collateral reading.
It has also prepared a small leaflet giving suggestions for promotion
of the Parent Training Department through organized work channels.

2. The Home Department has revised its literature, combining
in one leaflet material contained in previous Home Department leaflets
Nos. I and 2.

3. We have continued to use the old Adult Division leaflets, but
have prepared the following new leaflets : One on war-time work, giv-
ing suggestions to adult classes and the Home Department as to war-
time work; another giving a chart for a war-time program, including
cut of the recruiting banner.

4. We have also served as a bureau of exchange of Adult Division
literature issued by the various State and Provincial associations.

Growth and Membership

I. 0. A. B. C. — Number of adult classes receiving International
Certificates of Recognition :

September 16, 1907 i

March 25, 1908 1,059

March 25, 1909 4,602

March 25, 1910 12,541

March 25, 1911 20,950

WORK AMONG ADULTS 201

March 25, 1912 28,537

March 25, 1913 35,8iS

March 25, 1914 41.939

March 25, 1915 49,3^7

March 25, 1916 56,906

March 25, 1917 62,819

March 25, 1918 67,682

2. Home Department. — The latest statistics available on the Home
Department show 33,713 home departments organized, with an enroll-
ment of 905,940.

3. Parent Training Department. — The Parent Training Department
is just being introduced, and we do not have the data that will warrant
us in giving any accurate statistics. We have knowledge, however, of
the introduction of many parent-training classes, showing that a splendid
beginning has been made.

Educational Progress

1. The present trend seems to be for the large men's and women's
classes to yield to the demand for the organization of several smaller
classes which will be federated and become men's and women's depart-
ments. The smaller classes will permit the forming of groups of
common interests and make possible a much higher level of educational
efficiency, while the introduction of the men's and women's departments
will preserve the unity and the enthusiasm coming from large numbers.

2. The International Lesson Committee has prepared a series of
special lessons for adult classes, entitled "Christianity in Action."
These have been given to the publishers, and in due time should be in
readiness for use,

3. The International Lesson Committee is also giving careful study
to the preparation of a special Parent Training course or courses. Our
committee has gathered data, and has been working in co-operation
with the special committee on this subject.

4. During the quadrennium action taken by the Sunday School
Council and the International Executive Committee has placed th'e age
of the Adult Division at twenty-five and up. This makes provision
for an entirely new department, known as the "Young People's Depart-
ment." While the young men and young women from eighteen to
twenty-four should unite with the older men and women in many
community tasks, yet the best interests of their work require their own
grouping.

5. The International Training School at Lake Geneva has an Adult
Division Section, with a four-year course of training for those who are

202 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

to be leaders in this mighty movement. The mobilization of so large
a number of men and women in Bible classes is bringing a need for
trained leaders which cannot be too quickly met.

The war-time period has brought to the O. A. B. C. movement
peculiar opportunities and responsibilities. The call for man and
woman power has brought to our ranks a very heavy drain. Our tasks
easily fall into a threefold classification :

1. Support of war-time welfare agencies.

2. Support of our Bible class representatives in the army and navy.

3. "Keeping the home fires burning" while the boys are away.
Many conferences have been held with Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A.,

Red Cross, Armenian and Syrian Relief Committee and the Food
Administration to discover what the Adult Bible classes can do in sup-
port of these, our Christian comrades, in their work at the front and
in the training camps. Some of the things which have been accom-
plished are:

a. Our convention platforms have been definitely open to the mes-
sages of these agencies, so that our convention constituency have
returned to their homes as ambassadors, helping to disseminate informa-
tion as to what could and should be done.

b. Exhibits of these agencies have been placed in many of our
conventions, as they are incorporated in the exhibit of our present
convention.

c. A special leaflet has been issued outlining the war-time program.
Many thousands of these have been distributed through the various
State associations.

d. Dr. Joseph Clark, representing the Sunday School associations
of the United States, and Rev. E. W. Halpenny, representing the asso-
ciations of the Dominion of Canada, have spent much time in the
Armenian and Syrian Relief Committee rooms, helping to promote the
work of relieving the starving people in the lands made sacred by the
feet of the Master.

e. "Many of the State and Provincial associations have co-operated
very definitely with the Food Administration in promoting an educa-
tional program as to food conservation.

f. Special recruiting campaigns have been recommended and inaugu-
rated in many cities and parts of the country. Directions for the
conducting of these campaigns are included in our war-time leaflet;
also a recruiting flag.

g. Some communit}^ tasks. The present conflict to smite autocracy
is bringing us one step nearer to the world-brotherhood for which we

WORK AMONG ADULTS

203

are praying. The Bible classes have not been and should never be
laggard in promoting this high Christian ideal. Every adult class,
therefore, should have the spirit of federation with the other classes
of the community. Like a freight car, each class should have a com-
pany (an inter-class committee) that will enable it to couple with all

BIBLE CLASS BANNER FOR
RECRUITING CAMPAIGN

For each Bible Class Recruit attach small Bible
Class emblem in ivhite center of large emblem

A Bible Class Recruit

— For —

Ev.ery Service Flag Star

To Keep

The Home Fires Burning

the other classes of the community for any common task. Some of the
progress made in this direction is indicated by :

I. The organization of city, county and State O. A. B. C federa-
tions and the inauguration of co-operative programs of religious educa-
tion, social service and evangelism.

204 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

2. Special city and State membership campaigns have been con-
ducted in many parts of the comitry.

3. Special drives have been made by some of the associations,
co-operating with the Anti-Saloon League in securing ratification of the
national prohibition amendment. The work in Pennsylvania is espe-
cially commendable.

4. Co-operation with the Y. M. C. A. in promoting the organization
of Bible classes in the army and navy training camps.

Movement is Permanent
Any one who is asked to contribute either time or money to the
promotion of any movement has a right to ask for evidence as to its
permanence. The organized Bible class has come to stay, as evidenced
by four cardinal principles in the development of Christian work, as
follows :

1. It is a mobilization of men and women in groups of common
interests.

2. It is a mobilization of men and women in the churches of North
America.

3. It is a mobilization around the study of God's Holy Word. Just
as long as men Hve and need spiritual guidance they will need to be
instructed in the Holy Scriptures.

4. Each class is an organized group and therefore ready to engage
in any active service which should emanate from the instruction
received. We have long needed to have instruction and action more
definitely related to each other, and the Bible class movement is bringing
to pass that most needed result.

Likewise, the Adult Bible Class Federation, which is just being
introduced, promises to be permanent. Four elements in the movement
guarantee this result :

1. It is a mobihzation of organized classes.

2. It is a mobilization of the classes for common community tasks.

3. The chief responsibility of these federations is religious educa-
tion.

4. The organization of such a federation places the Bible study
element of a community in readiness to co-operate with any or all other
movements which are to be promoted in the interest of the Kingdom.

The war-time period brings to us a special challenge because of its
opportunity and peril. As the men are called to the front, the Bible
classes are bound to suffer and are placed in peril of collapse. There
are many reasons why our energies should be redoubled and not less-

WORK AMONG ADULTS 205

ened. The men must go from the farms, but the farms must be
cultivated. The men must go from the factories, but the wheels of
industry must not cease to turn. Likewise, the men must go from our
churches and Bible classes, but the Bible class work must be kept going.
For the sake of the morale of those who have gone, for the sake of
the men who are yet to go, for the sake of the contribution to be made
towards making America's spiritual life, for the sake of the childhood
and youth who need the influence of the Bible class to hold them steady
in this period of excitement, for the sake of the days of reconstruction
and all of the interests of the Kingdom of God that will be involved in
that period, the Bible class work must be kept going with renewed
devotion, with undaunted courage, with a steadfast faith in the deity
of Christ, and with hope for the future. Let us set our hands to
present the Bible class work as never before in the history of our work!

FINDINGS

The committee on findings of the Adult Division presents the fol-
lowing :

1. We wish to take this means of acknowledging the debt that
adult workers of the continent of North America feel to our former
adult superintendent, W. C. Pearce. The O. A. B. C. movement bears
the stamp of his wide investigation, his capacity for making available
to many classes the experience of the progressive classes, his fraternal
spirit, and his unselfish service.

2. We ask the Executive Committee of the International Sunday
School Association to provide, as soon as can be, a superintendent of
the Adult Division. The work of the O. A. B. C. movement is fast
becoming inefficient. We suffer from : (a) Indefiniteness of program,
(b) Lack of push from the International office, (c) Perplexity of
those appointed as state, provincial, county and township leaders. On
most fields they have no one to turn to for help, (d) A lack of work-
ers who take the adult work as their special field, (e) Our Hterature
is out of date. While Sunday School workers in other departments
find steady, aggressive leadership in definite programs, our workers
go their own way in adult work or turn from this needy field to other
forms of Christian service.

3. We ask that the mind of the adult workers be turned anew
to organizing for all the adult people whenever and wherever they
can be reached. The O. A. B. C, the Home Department and Parent
Training Department, all are peculiarly fitted to deal with unreached
men and women if they have but the vision.

206 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

4. We urge that the need of religious education from the stand-
point of adult psychology be emphasized throughout North America.

5. We urge that every state and province have both a man and a
v/oman O. A. B. C. superintendent.

6. We recommend the introduction of city, district, county and
state O. A. B. C. federations as fast as the communities can be in-
duced to introduce them.

7. We recommend a committee to report on ways and means to
secure more adults for the International Training School at Con-
ference Point.

8. We wish to express appreciation of the present attitude of
the Lesson Committee to the problem of lessons for adults. Courses
are now ready and others are under consideration, which show that
the Less-on Committee has the Adult Division needs in hand.

9. We suggest that in all Bible classes during regular seasons a
portion of the Bible shall constitute the basis of the lesson.

ID. We find many of the adult workers fully alive to the oppor-
tunities for Christian work presented by the war, but an aggressive
campaign is needed to bring many of our adult workers to see what
an opportunity they have and to offer them a program.

11. We urge that the recruiting campaign introduced in this con-
vention (namely, that every Bible class shall secure a new recruit for
every star on their service flag) be promoted by the state and provincial
associations.

12. We recommend that one collection annually be given to the
O. A. B. C. work by every Bible class.

Respectfully submitted,

Howard G. Colwell, Missouri. Mary Stevens Dickie (Mrs. Sam

Wesley J. Weir, Maine. A.), Pittsburgh,

L. B. Edgar, Ohio. Annie T. Scribner (Mrs. John

Christopher C. Grauer, New H.), Philadelphia.

York. Prof. L. H. Beeler, Chicago.

Harry Wade Hicks, New York. Miss Katie Belle Abney, West

F. C. EiSELEN, Illinois. Virginia.

J. J. Hull, Maine. J. H. Engle, Kansas.

Mrs. Emma Gary Wallace, New Mr. Colgrove.

York. C. E. ScHENCK, Chicago.

A. T. Arnold, Ohio.

WORK AMONG ADULTS 207

ADULT CONFERENCE

Wednesday afternoon, June 19, all sections, Home Department,
Parent Training Department and Organized Bible Classes, met to-
gether, Christopher G. Graiier of Buffalo presiding.

THE MAN AND WOMAN POWER OF NORTH AMERICA
By Professor Hov/ard G. Colwell

St. Louis, Mo.

H the Adult Bible Class movement is to reach all the adults, it
must adapt itself to the needs of all adult life. There are thousands
of people who work on Sundays and at night. How can they come
to Sunday School? It is the task of the Adult Bible Class to adjust
its program of service to meet the conditions under which these
working people live.

The saloon is dying. What is to become of the patron of the
saloon when the saloon is closed? Many a man who has found the
center of his social life in the saloon will have no place now for
social life. Here is an opportunity for the church and the Adult
Bible Class. The social influence of the saloon is for rent. Getting
hold of vast numbers of men and women outside the church is the
task of the O. A. B. C.

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION OF MEN AND WOMEN
By W. C. Pearce,

Field Superintendent, International Sunday School Association

The aim of the Adult Division is to reach and teach, to win to
Christ and His program, to train for and lead into some form of
Christian service the men and women of North America. The means
by which the aim is accomplished is : Organization, instruction, train-
ing, service.

Organization should cover classes of . men and of women in the
local Sunday School, interclass organizations within the local schools,
and city and state federations.

Class organization should be based on age and class interests, and
should meet the conditions in time represented by the needs of men
and women.

The Adult Division cares for the whole life of the adult, and its
activities are grouped as follows : Organized Bible Class, Home De-
partment, Parent Training Department.

The Plome Department is for shut-ins and those who cannot attend

208 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

the regular sessions of the Sunday School because of home cares or
business conditions.

The Parent Training Department is to train parents to meet the
requirements and opportunities of parenthood. There should be two
kinds of classes — one for parents of little children, and one for parents
of older children and young people. The greatest need of America
today is the training of parents to bring up children.

SUNDAY SCHOOL INSTRUCTION FOR MEN AND
WOMEN

By Harry Wade Hicks,

New York City

Religious instruction of adults is important to themselves as an
aid in the solution of their changing problems of life. It supplements
pulpit instruction. It has a direct reflex influence on the home. It
binds the senior age to the Sunday School and the church. It provides
the moral basis for organized religious and social activities in the
local community, the commonwealth, the nation and the world.

In order to systematize, extend and make most attractive the work
of religious education of adults, there is urgent need of more thorough
study of adult psychology. Good progress has been made in recent
years by religious agencies in studying these problems, notably by the
International Lesson Committee, the Adult Department of the Inter-
national Association, certain of the denominational Sunday School
societies, the Religious Education Association, and the Missionary
Education movement.

There are certain educational ideals considered essential for suc-
cessful religious instruction of adults: (i) The groups should meet
separately, in well-equipped rooms, for a period sufficiently prolonged
to admit of thorough discussion. (2) Instruction should be considered
first; activities, worship and social enjoyment follow. (3) Organized
activities should be the natural outcome of the instruction. (4) Group
activities should be harmonized and unified with those of other de-
partments of the church. (5) The leadership should be the best
qualified available, and continuous for the period of each course studied.
(6) The subject matter of courses should be determined according to
the need of each group. (7) Elective short courses in considerable
number and variety, on subjects of current religious thought, should
be in constant process of preparation. Certain standard courses will,
however, be required.

WORK AMONG ADULTS 209

The following general types of courses seem to be required:

1. Distinctly biblical, including historical, book study, devotional,
doctrinal and literary.

2. Social, including the social teachings of the Old and the New
Testament in the light of present conditions ; community social needs,
agencies and the relationship of the local churches thereto ; national
social ills and the Christian's responsibility; Christianity and politics,
business, the professions, education, industry, health, the family, inter-
national commerce, philanthropy and wealth ; achievements in social
progress ; stewardship.

3. Missionary, in relation to the city, the nation, the foreigner in
the country, the backward and delinquent group, the Negro and Indian,
the community church, the workingman, and what applied Chris-
tianity means to non-Christian or nominally Christian peoples.

4. Local church efficiency, covering organization, finance, religious
education, adequate employed leadership, relationship to other religious
and to charitable and civic agencies.

5. Denominational efficiency, including history, things peculiar,
beliefs and practicjes in common with other communions, organization
and work, present and future program, attitude toward union and
co-operative movements, the specific study of county co-operation and
union, community, national and international, is urged.

6. Training of leaders, including officers, workers and instructors
for the agencies of the local church, leaders for community religious
and social agencies ; extension workers, denominational prophets.

7. Training of parents. This should cover religious education
in the home, sex education, co-operation with church and school in
moral and religious training and related matters.

8. Christian internationalism, including race characteristics and
prejudices, relationships to the near and far east, Mexico, Central and
South America, and Africa. How can the church help to make justice
and good will effective everywhere?

9. Reconstruction after the war.

BIBLE COURSES FOR ADULTS

By Professor F. C. Eiselen,
Garrett Biblical Institute, Evanston, 111.

The demand for special adult courses is due to several causes :
(i) Organized Bible Class movement; (2) Broadening of conception
of religion and religious activity; (3) Closer study of adult psychology
and adult interests.

The uniform lessons, even in their improved form, though still

14

210 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

of great value to many classes, are inadequate to meet the needs of
all types of adult groups. Two types of lessons are needed : Courses
for persons interested in Christian life and service in general; courses
for groups interested in definite lines of service and activity. The
general courses should deal with subjects like these: The life of
Jesus, as embodying Christian principles; the teaching of Jesus; the
principles of the Kingdom of God; Christian doctrine; the church as
an agent of the kingdom; Bible study, etc. The elective courses for
special groups should deal with topics like these : Teacher training,
church leadership, training of parents, missions, temperance, com-
munity service, etc.

In connection with the improved uniform lessons, the International
Lesson Committee is working on a series of courses under the special
title "Christianity in Action." The first year's lessons are issued under
the title "The Christian in Daily Life." The committee is also at
work on three short Bible courses — "The Message of the Prophet
Amos," "Teachings of Jesus for Daily Life," and "Studies in Deu-
teronomy." Finally, a short course on parent training entitled "Hints
on Child Training" has been approved. While the committee neces-
sarily must move slowly, it hopes ultimately to have a complete
and practical curriculum of courses for adult Bible classes.

O. A. B. G. AND PARENT TRAINING SECTION

SPECIAL O. A. B. C. CAMPAIGNS
By Sterling L. Williams,

Secondary Division Superintendent, Missouri Sunday School
Association, Kansas City, Mo.

The first thing we did in Kansas City was to make the people
want a campaign. We brought together the outstanding men represent-
ing the men's Bible classes and made them see the necessity for the
campaign. We divided the city into districts, elected a captain for
each district, and had him pick out key men. These district groups
came together and took charge of the work in the districts. We had
the individual churches take their enrolled membership, divide them
into four groups and elect a captain over each group. It was the
business of each group to increase itself until the group numbered
twenty-five.

Make a list of all men in your church and find out who of them
are not in the Sunday School and go after them. Make a canvass
of the community and discover the men who are not in any church

WORK AMONG ADULTS 211

and go after them. Of course, this all means work. A great deal
depends upon enthusiasm and newspaper publicity. The campaign
committee should secure regular reports, hold banquets, etc. Our aim
in Kansas City was to get 15,000 men in Bible classes, and we got them.
More men hit the sawdust trail in the tabernacle at the "Billy" Sunday
meetings than women and children combined. The campaign helped
Kansas City go dry and secured a secretary for the Kansas City
Sunday School Association.

O. A. B. C. FEDERATIONS
By W. C. Pearce

The first step in a federation is to get organized. The Selma, Ala.,
classes organized, then they listed the things which needed to be done,
decided what they could do and appointed sub-committees for doing
it — extension committee, evangelistic, etc. They secured automobiles
and took the extension and evangelistic committees out into the coun-
try in teams of at least twentj^-five men. In ten months they quadrupled
the number of men attending Sunday School in the county. The teams
went once to organize classes and then went back to see how they
were doing.

The federation also inaugurated a Big Brother movement with a
Big Brother pledge. Nearly three hundred men selected nearly as
many boys, whose fathers were dead or indifferent, cared for them,
helped them get an education or helped them in business. The federa-
tion also visited jails and convict camps; they visited hotels on Sunday
mornings and left in the mail boxes invitations to the Sunday Schools
of the city.

THE O. A. B. C. AND NATIONAL PROHIBITION

By George W. Penniman,

Pittsburgh, Pa.

"For thus saith the Lord God of Israel : There is an accursed thing
in the midst of thee, O Israel. Thou canst not stand before thine
enemies until ye take away the accursed thing from among you." Are
we ready to meet this challenge? That the accursed thing shall be
taken away — that is our goal. How may we reach it ? We can win ;
we must win ; and we will win when every man and every woman will
do his or her duty, not only in the home, in the school, in the family,
in the community, but at the ballot box, which is the place of vital
results.

In Pennsylvania we have a state federation of adult Bible classes.

212 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

We have over 2,000 classes in our state. Our federation looked for a
plan and a program. The plan was the Organized Bible Class in every
Sunday School ; the program, Bible study, community problems, civic,
national and world betterment. The chief aim of the Adult Bible
Class is to study the Bible and through that study so to vitalize the
teaching of Jesus Christ that we shall stand by the church, stand by
the Sunday School, and fulfill the obligations of Christian citizenship.
We stressed the necessity of voting at the primaries. Every county
was organized; every adult class reached for the purpose of urging
its members to nominate men for the legislature who, when they got
to Harrisburg, would vote in favor of the national constitutional
amendment. Resulted in 40 per cent gain for local option in the
next election.

THE O. A. B. C. MOVEMEKT AND WAR TIME TASKS
By Professor Hovirard G. Colwell

The task of the O. A. B. C. movement in war time work might
be summed up as follows :

I. To make our young men Christian young men before they
go to the camps. 2. To give each soldier member of a Bible class a
certificate of membership in the class, preferably a Testament. 3. To
bind the officers of the class to keep in touch with the soldier mem-
bers. 4. To report names of the soldier members to the War Council
in New York and send names to the camp Y. M. C. A. director.
5. To keep honor roll of members before class. 6. To keep a stream
of letters, post cards, etc., going out continually to the soldier members.

ORGANIZED ADULT BIBLE CLASS AND WAR

TIME TASKS

By L. B. Edgar,

Adult Division Superintendent, Ohio Sunday School Association

The great task of the church of today is in preparation for tomor-
row. The adult class should be organized and chartered. That is of
value to the local church, but does not prove of greatest value to the
community. There must be a federation of all classes for the common
good, in which every church will profit alike — the strong assisting the
weak. Any task which looks to the improvement of the community
is of concern to the Bible classes and denominational lines made
dimmer by such federated action.

Fully 90 per cent of the boys in the national army are from Chris-
tian homes. Significant is the fact that the men who are "physically

WORK AMONG ADULTS 213

fit" today have been under the influence of Christian parents and the
church. It behooves us to increase this to loo per cent perfect.

Touch every man who is of draft age in your community with the
message of Jesus Christ. Get him in the Bible class and, in the getting,
see to it that he gets a right view of this war and its relation to the
principles of free government. Educate the people back home in the
stand-together policy which we must maintain if we expect to win.

THE O. A. B. C. MOVEMENT AND PARENT TRAINING
By Mrs. Emma Gary Wallace

Chairman Women's Section, International Adult Division
Committee, Auburn, N. Y.

One of the most important and far-reaching interests of the Organ-
ized Adult Bible Class movement is that having to do with training
parents to realize and appreciate their great privilege and responsibility
in rearing their children for Christian citizenship.

It seems to be a peculiar characteristic of the human mind that it
grasps the end of the ball of string nearest and says, "This is the
beginning." Often it is not until after long and patient effort that
the other end, or the real point of the beginning, is found. In our
Sunday School work we have traveled a long way before awakening
to the fact that teaching the child a short time on Sunday morning,
and perhaps encouraging it in occasional week-day activities, is not
sufficiently foundational. At first the idea of actually training parents
in the performance of their God-given tasks was regarded with slight
tolerance, as bordering upon an intrusion of the sanctity of individual
rights. But happily that day has gone by, and at last we have come
to see that the real beginning of the ball of string is the home base,
and that unless the young child is trained aright, and lives and grows
up in a spiritual atmosphere during the plastic years of habit-formation
and dependence upon the father and mother, valuable time and oppor-
tunity are lost which can never be regained.

Young lives are early started in the right or wrong direction —
toward compliance with worthy routine, recognition of righteous law,
obedience, unselfishness, cheerfulness, helpfulness, self-control, grati-
tude, or in the opposite direction of irregularity, willfulness, dis-
obedience, selfishness, rebellion, indifference, personal indulgence and
gratification, ingratitude and irreverence.

Home life is a more or less closely meshed screen through which
the Sunday School teaching is sifted through the week, and if the
parents are lacking in sympathy, understanding. Christian faith and

214 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

purpose, patience, earnestness and vision, young lives are bound to be
spiritually warped and stunted. These years of parental privilege
are too precious to be trifled with and wasted.

The Organized Adult Bible Class movement of the day has a double
responsibility: First, to the parenthood of the country to help prepare
it for the most important work of its mature years ; and second, to
the children and young people in the home that they be given the right
kind of soil and atmosphere in which to develop.

There seems no good reason why every parent should follow
pioneer trails when so much is available which has been worked out
through the practical experience of centuries. Is it not high time
that every Sunday School in the land include in its curriculum of
regular work, worth-while classes for parent training?

HOME DEPARTMENT SECTION

Charles E. Schenck : The Home Department is not taken seriously
by large numbers of Sunday School workers. No Sunday School
can do its very best without a well organized Home Department, nor
can it be a standard school. Conventions, county and district, furnish
an admirable opportunity to urge the department. An address should
be made by someone who knows the work of the department by ex-
perience and who believes in it thoroughly. This should be an enthusias-
tic presentation of facts which will inspire workers as to the value
and need of the department. The address should be followed by a
conference which will bring out the "how."

Mrs. Wilhelmina Stooker : Perhaps the largest group in a Home
Department is mothers. The Home Department visitor too often
spends her time during her calls in friendly gossips and social talk.
If she would study and read books on child study, study children's
stories and reading and go to these mothers ready to discuss in a
helpful way the problems mothers are struggling with, what a great
work might be done. Meetings and classes can be held in some cases
where groups of mothers can be brought together during the week.
Mothers will be more free as their children grow older and we will
have an opportunity to lead them into the parent training classes of
the Sunday School.

Mrs. Phebe A. Curtiss : One of the greatest weaknesses in the
Home Department is the failure of other departments to be interested.
The Beginners' and Primary children never interest fathers and mothers
and other relatives to join the Home Department. The Juniors may
do errands connected with the work of the department, may help in

WORK AMONG ADULTS 215

many ways in ministering to the members. They may serve when
social affairs are held and help to entertain those who are shut in.

E. W. Halpenny: Efficient promotion of Home Department work
in a state or province requires the following minimum provision :
(i) A State or Provincial Committee. If the policy is to work under
the new Adult Division arrangement, the Home Department Com-
mittee should be a recognized unit within the Adult Division Committee.
H worked independently, it should be a subcommittee of the governing
executive. (2) A Superintendent. The responsibility for leadership
must rest somewhere. (3) Provision must be made for necessary
expenses of the State or Provincial superintendents. (4) There should
be deputies in the form of county or city local Sunday School Associa-
tion department superintendents, whose responsibility is to co-operate
with the State or Provincial superintendent. (5) There should be pro-
vided, if possible, a Home Department session in connection with
annual conventions.

ADULT DIVISION ASSOCIATION AND
FEDERATION OFFICERS

E. O. Sellers, of Chicago (Y. M. C. A. Religious Work Director,
Camp Grant, 111.), in presenting the topic "The Challenge of the
Present Crisis," showed a chart which he had arranged, giving a sug-
gested war-time program and which is reproduced here :

A Suggested War-Time Program
I. FOR THOSE IN WAR SERVICE

1. A "Roll of Honor" erected by every class.

2. Everyone engaged in any form of war work enrolled as honorary
or absentee member of an Adult Bible Class.

3. Present a New Testament to every absentee class member
engaged in any form of war work.

4. An organized correspondence program, directed by a special
committee.

5. Regular private and public prayers (by name) for all absentee
members.

6. Conduct "replacement" campaigns to enlist new members and
"maintain the reserves." Membership and evangelism.

7. Remember by mail birthdays, and all special occasions such as
Christmas and Mothers' Day.

216 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

II. FOR THOSE IN HOME SERVICE

1. Governmental Co-operation. (Special Committee.)

(a) Present War Aims.

(b) Co-operate in Thrift Stamp, Liberty Loan and all similar

financial campaigns.

(c) Report to proper authorities any and all disloyalty to the

government.

2. Food Conservation. (Special Committee.)

(a) Present Governmental Conservation Program.

(b) Maintain a display of all printed matter,

(c) Make a "Demonstration" at all class suppers, etc.

3. Red Cross. (Special Committee.)

(a) Every class member a Red Cross member.

(b) Full co-operation in all Red Cross work.

(c) Co-operation in all financial campaigns.

4. Red Triangle. Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. (Special Committee.)

(a) Full presentation of all information.

(b) Notify Camp Y. M. or Y. W. C. A. of members who enter

service.

(c) Co-operation in all financial campaigns.

5. Relief Organizations. (Special Committee.)

(a) Full presentation of all information.

(b) Co-operation in financial campaigns.

W. G. Landes, General Secretary Pennsylvania Sunday School
Association, Philadelphia, outlined a system of office records for the
Home Department Parent Training, and O. A. B. C. Departments,
and W. C. Pearce presented the "Opportunity for Association Officer
Training and O. A. B. C. Federation and Community Programs,"
followed by an open conference.

HOME DEPARTMENT CONFERENCE

The report of the special Home Department Commission, appointed
at a meeting of the Adult Division Committee December 11, 1917,
was presented by the secretary of the commission, Mrs. Aimer W.
Karnell. Its findings were adopted. •

Nine states have now adopted standards for Home Department
work; three are issuing certificates. The commission would recom-
mend that we overture the denominations to provide a standard for
their individual schools, and that we ask the Educational Department

WORK AMONG ADULTS 217

of our International Association to prepare a standard for the Home
Department work of the Association.

Other recommendations were :

The training of Home Department officers and visitors for their
respective work be made a settled policy of the department.

A place for such training be provided in every International, state
and provincial, county or other convention, school, or institute, held
for promoting Sunday School efficiency.

The appointment by the Home Department Committee of a sub-
committee to co-operate with the Educational Department of the
Association, to secure a curriculum for use in such schools, said cur-
riculum to be published in leaflet form.

Active co-operation between Home Department, not only to con-
sider how the work may be extended, but the establishment of new
departments and a taking up unitedly of hospital, prison and other
community work.

Individual instruction of every visitor in necessary things before
he or she begins the service, and the furtherance of that instruction
in regular visitors' meetings.

The use in conference and educational meetings of demonstrations,
as realistic as possible, of actual work.

Practical demonstration by the superintendents of individual depart-
ments, in accompanying their visitors occasionally in regular canvass
or in specially difficult cases.

That earnest, patient, prayerful and persistent effort be made to
secure enlistment in family worship. That it be stressed at conventions,
emphasized from the pulpit, kept prominent through Hterature, and
magnified at visitors' meetings. That the entire Adult Division be re-
quested to consider a campaign for the enlistment in family worship of
every member of every class, and to have family worship made a sub-
ject of study by the parents' department.

That churches, when they entertain soldiers and sailors, endeavor
to secure a promise from each one to pray every day.

That an International leaflet be published, devoted exclusively to
family worship, dealing with the needs, methods of promotion, equip-
ment for observance, etc.

The commission would recommend that a committee be appointed
in each Home Department to seek out needy poor cases, and to co-
operate with such local organizations as may exist, and also with
organizations of a national character.

It is possible for the individual Home Department to enlist soldiers

218 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

and sailors, and, whether they enlist them as regular members or not,
to supply them with quarterlies or monthlies. There is a paucity of
information as to methods and results, but your commission recom-
mend every Sunday School, either through its Home Department or
through its classes, to keep a record of all those who have gone into
war work, and to keep them regularly supplied through the mail with
the lesson helps. Also, that any department officers who succeed in
developing a satisfactory system of securing reports, or of co-operating
Home Departments at the front, through the agency of workers who
may be "over there," give the Home Department workers throughout
the continent the benefit of this experience by reporting the same in the
International Searchlight.

That the Home Department co-operate with the parents' training
department of the school, and where there is no such department that
special effort be made to train the visitors in the use of the right
material for distribution, and also in the use, in conversation, of the
subject of self-knowledge.

The commission would recommend : That the Home Department
maintain its own autonomy of organization, both in the Sunday School
Association and in the local Sunday School ; that there be an Inter-
national, a state, a county, a district and a local superintendent; that
the Home Department shall be a section of the Adult Division
organization.

The judgment of the commission is : That calls made by the visitor
only quarterly, when the record of lessons studied and offering are
gathered, are apt to leave, and sometimes do leave, the impression
that the gathering of the offering is the chief concern or business
of the visitor; and to guard against this, as well as to secure and
maintain the closest sympathy with and render largest assistance to
the membership, calls should be made at intervals between. Whether
or not these can be made as often as monthly should be determined
by local conditions.

The commission offers the following suggestions as to needful
qualifications of Home Department publications and literary material:

(i) Crisp news as to what Home Departments are doing; plans
for up-to-date methods of work, with special suggestions for rural
communities ; articles by experienced Home Department workers (pref-
erably an extra section for superintendents and visitors added to the
general Home Department material), thus making a part of the issue
special for officers.

(2) Lesson help material to be suitable for adults.

WORK AMONG ADULTS 219

(3) Articles on home problems, including parental relations and
child training, especially aiming at assisting the parents in co-operating
with the school in lessons and activities ; and in assisting the home in
the teaching of self-knowledge.

(4) Plans and material for the observance of family worship.

(5) Keeping up to date ; some publishers, as late as 1917, not
having adapted their publications and enlistment requisites, etc., to
the two grades of m.embership established in 1912.

The report of four years ago showed that less than one school in
six, a little more than one in seven, had a Home Department, Judging
by the opinions now before the commission, the chief reason why the
other five-sixths or six-sevenths of our schools have none, and why
those in existence are not more vigorous, is indifference of pastors
and superintendents to the Home Department, or general lack of
appreciation. If this is generally true, and it probably is, as shown, for
example, in the place frequently given, or not given, to the Home
Department in conventions, etc., it can be accounted for.

The self-imposed task of the Sunday School for generations has
been that of religious education within the school, and the observance
of that limited scope has become a settled habit. The Home Depart-
ment came on comparatively recently, to care for the residue, or, using
harvester language, for the gleanings, and the general viewpoint of
those who have not given it special study seems to accord it only a
gleanings relation. They do not understand how large a proportion
of the whole the gleanings sometimes are, nor how exceedingly bene-
ficial would be the reflex influence of the Home Department on
what they regard as their real work. Their failure to know or recog-
nize constitutes a problem. If, however, these pastors and super-
intendents were squarely confronted with their responsibility, the
probability is, judging again by the opinions before us, that many of
them would say : "We are ready to start a Home Department, and to
give it whole-hearted support, but we can't get capable and willing
leadership." This is also a real problem, and most of the other
difficulties mentioned in the answers reaching us, traced to their
causes, take place under one or the other of these heads. What
then are the remedies?

(i) Prominence given to the Department at conventions, institutes
and conferences.

(2) Superintendents for state, county, district and local work.

(3) Definite plans for the training of leadership.

220 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

(4) Appropriations for the work included in every state and
county budget.

The commission therefore recommends urging upon the Executive
Committee the employment of an International superintendent.

William Hamilton, Chairman.
Minnie K. L. Karnell, Secretary.

O. A. B. G. WORKERS

O. A. B. C. INSTRUCTION
By Professor L. H. Beeler

Dean Presbyterian Training School, Chicago

Four aims underlie the material used in Bible class instruction :
(i) Evangelization; (2) enlargement or pushing back the horizon of
one's vision; (3) enlightenment; (4) enthusiasm. Every lesson should
have some passage from the Bible as a foundation stone. To know
God's word and His will for us is the supreme issue for you and me
in this life.

There are three great aims in public school teaching: (i) Testing;
(2) teaching; (3) drilling. A teacher must consider the purpose of
his teaching, and apply the method whereby one can express himself
in his own kind of service.

O. A. B. C. AND TRAINING OF CHRtSTIAN WORKERS

By Robert M. Hopkins,

Bible School Secretary, American Christian Missionary Society

(Disciples), Cincinnati, Ohio

There are four words stressed in this program which should be
noted in this connection — organization, instruction, training and service.
The greatest task before the church today is that of converting passive
Christianity into active Christianity. We learn by doing in religion as
truly as in any other phase of education. We are teaching not lessons,
but life. When we were teaching lessons, the great days were those
when we had the most heated doctrinal discussions and debates.
Now that we are teaching life the greatest days are those when we
see life committed to the Master and enlisted in His service.

It is, therefore, a new definition of training rather than a statement
of plans that we are seeking to present in this program. Training
was at one time the drilling of adult members of the school in the
reading of the Scriptures, in the offering of prayers, in the taking up
of offerings, in the keeping of records, in ushering, in shaking hands
with strangers and tasks of like nature. It is now all this and more.

WORK AMONG ADULTS 221

We must train Christian workers for soul winning, for community
service, for world-wide evangelization.

Training for teachers was formerly gotten almost exclusively
from books. We are beginning to realize that teachers are trained not
only by the study of books, but also through observation and practice
work. In like manner the training of Christian workers for service
means their participation in various forms of service.

O. A. B. C. PROGRAM OF SERVICE
By Mrs. Emma Gary Wallace

The Organized Adult Bible Class program of service has to do,
first, with the enrichment of the spiritual life of the class itself, and
the reaching out to interest and enlist others; second, with a live and
constant interest in all departments of the school of which it is a
part; third, with community betterment; and fourth, with backing the
work in the larger field.

The class itself cannot hope to attain its highest efficiency unless it
is properly organized. Organization gives every one a definite respon-
sibility and defines that responsibility. Those who decry organization
are the ones who really know little about it, for many classes are
organized only on paper.

The program of service of the individual class must center about
the Christian life. A mere social club will soon cease to be worth
while, and so will fail to hold interest. The ideal organized class is
not selfish. It realizes that, as a group of older members in the Bible
school, it has a definite responsibility toward each department of the
school which cannot be delegated wholly to the officers and teachers,
and then forgotten. This interest is proved by Big Brothering and Big
Sistering, by looking well to the equipment of the departments, and
standing back of the pastor, superintendent, and officers in all plans.

An Organized Adult Bible Class which is living up to its oppor-
tunities cannot fail to become a dynamic force in the community life.
It will not content itself with a passive existence, but will throw its
influence, work and money on the side of right, of moral conditions, of
safeguarding the young, and of promoting whatever may recommend
itself to them as of spiritual significance.

The county work calls, and if grown-ups in the class in the county
don't take an interest in the evangelization work being done, in the
missionary enterprises of remote communities, in the furtherance of
the prohibition movement, and in backing whatever work needs to be
done, then are they as sounding brass and tinkling cymbal.

222 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

PARENT TRAINING

COURSES OF STUDY AVAILABLE FOR PARENT

TRAINING

By Miss Wilhelmina Stooker,

Missionary Education Movement, New York City

Parents are demanding in these days courses that will help them
with their problems of nurturing child life — physically, mentally and
spiritually. A few years ago it was very hard to find books that had
for their primary purpose the training of parents, but many such
books are found today. The International Sunday School Association
has published a leaflet "The Parents' Department," which lists many
such books and shows how they may be combined to form courses.
We need courses for parents of little children and for parents of
adolescent boys and girls. We need one kind of course for parents
who have had college training, another course for those who are not
able to study anything of a technical nature, but who are interested,
and still another course for those who are ignorant and indifferent.
By a careful selection of books, we can meet these needs. One of the
best short courses is ''Child Nature and Child Nurture," by Prof. E, P.
St. John. Another is "Religious Education in the Family," by Dr.
Henry Cope. Other helpful books of very recent date are : "Religious
Education in Home and School," by Sneath (Hodges and Tweedy),
"The Religious Education of an American Citizen," by Peabody, and
"The Second Line of Defense," by Margaret Slattery.

The International Lesson Committee has just released an outline
for a parents' course. This means, no doubt, that very soon denomina-
tional publishing houses will issue lesson helps for parents' classes.
Even Uncle Sam has gone into the business of helping us to raise better
boys and girls, and the United State Bureau of Education, through
its home division, offers a helpful reading course for parents.

OTHER PLANS FOR PARENT TRAINING
By Mrs. Emma Gary Wallace

A careful survey of the field of literature available for a parents'
training class, which consisted of mothers of different ages, revealed
nothing exactly suitable for our Sunday morning lesson study. Some
of the courses were particularly directed to young mothers and would
have been admirable could such a grouping have been made. Others
were too general to hold permanent interest, and anything dealing too

WORK AMONG ADULTS 223

extensively with psychology likely to be difficult for those whose
attendance was sure to be irregular.

At first it seemed wise to undertake something practical, and so a
short course of lessons was taken which dealt with the developing
child. It included a good deal of psychology, although it was not
called by that name. We started with the Cradle Roll age, giving two
lessons to its consideration and an understanding of that department
in our own Sunday School. In the same way the Primary, Junior and
Intermediate Departments were given attention and study, and before
leaving the consideration of each department, part of a morning was
spent with those children and young people. Many of the mothers
had never been in these departments, and had little idea of the con-
structive nature of the Sunday School lesson courses.

A second series of lessons was planned, based on "Child Study
and Child Training," by Forbush. A subject was assigned in advance
and the mothers asked to come prepared for discussion. The text-
book was used as a guide for the teacher.

After canvassing the field again with the needs of this class in
mind, a book was decided upon which has met every requirement.
It was the Bible itself. The lessons chosen were those having to do
with home and family life, beginning with the tragic misunderstanding
between Cain and Abel, and following on through the early history of
the race as recorded in Old Testament times. Suitable selections were
made and assigned in advance. The lesson period was divided into two
parts — first, a brief bridging of the time from the last lesson to the
present one, and a gaining of a knowledge of the story or Bible text
chosen. It was considered important that the home life of Bible times
should be made as realistic as possible in order that the class appreciate
the motives and feelings of the characters and recognize many of them
as their own.

The last half of the lesson was given up to discussion and applica-
tion, it being the purpose of the teacher to bring out such truths as
would help each mother in her own child training problems in the light
of the Bible text.

CHAPTER X

SUNDAY SCHOOL ADMINISTRA-
TION

REPORT TO THE CONVENTION
By Rev. Wm. N. Dresel,

Chairman Superintendents' Committee, International Sunday
School Association

MANY of our theories have undergone a tremendous change.
In school we no longer teach a subject or a book, but the
child and the growing mind. By the sad lesson of experience
we have learned to train not only the mind but also the body. In
our Sunday Schools we would develop character and not merely the
memory of the pupil, and we would foster Christian faith and life
as well as simple Bible knowledge.

A similar change is noticeable in our views regarding the organiza-
tion of our Sunday Schools. In the past we have made much of our
departments and gloried in so-called "organization" ; we doted upon
the Elementary division, went into raptures about the " 'Teen age,"
marched our adult Bible classes in all sorts of parades, went in for
athletics, evolved a "school spirit," approved teacher training and
finally awoke to the fact that we had neglected the very vitals of
the Sunday School : the executives, the managers, the administrative
officers.

Yes, our publishers printed books and cards for the Sunday School
secretary, and books for the superintendent, ledgers for the treasurers
and all sorts of equipment for all sorts of officers and committees.
Some few good souls wrote books to help these officers, and the. new
teacher training course provides special studies for them. But now
finally we have a department within the International Association
which will devote its efforts toward systematizing and developing
the entire administrative function within the Sunday School.

This Division on Same Footing as Others

The division of Sunday School Administration is now a division
of work within the International Association on an equal footing
with the better known Elementary, Secondary and Adult divisions.

224

SUNDAY SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION 225

As such it will specialize in the work of the administration and
administrative officers of the Sunday School and seek effectively to
correlate the executive function of the Sunday School with its educa-
tional and evangelistic efforts. The ideal is to have not merely a
very highly organized and efficient Elementary division, or some very
effective organized classes in the individual school, but to have a
trained corps of officers in charge of the school whose effort it will
be to raise the standard of the entire school and all its departments
and activities.

The forerunners of this Administration division have been many.
We might point to the splendid superintendents' associations erected
in many cities and doing yeoman work in the development of this
office and the men holding same. Then there have been local training
schools or institutes for officers of Sunday Schools, also conferences
at International, State and local Sunday School conventions. The
first note in favor of some general definite movement was sounded
at the Louisville Convention in 1908, by the Federation of Sunday
School Superintendents' Associations of the city of Philadelphia, which
found a responsive chord at the San Francisco Convention in 191 1
when the so-called "Superintendents' Department" was created. For
lack of funds and a worker on full time, the committee in charge of
the Superintendents' Department could not do more than awaken
interest in this subject, and by the Superintendents' Congress at the
Chicago Convention in 1914 demonstrate the needs and the possibilities
of this virgin field of Sunday School life and work. Since then came
the idea of expanding the scope to include all administrative officers
of the school and to call it the "Administration Division."

Have Money to Finance Survey of Division
The present status reveals a standing committee which has reported
regularly to the Executive Committee of the International Association,
and by its report to the meeting of the Executive Committee, held at
Chicago, February, 1917, showed the way to greater activity and use-
fulness. This report was met by the splendid offer of J. L. Free of
Cleveland, Ohio, to finance the necessary survey for this division and,
beginning with 1918, to pay the salary of a man to head this depart-
ment. In view of this offer, C. W, Shinn, a man of much experience
in Sunday School organization and management, has been asked to
assume the preparations for and conduct of the special conferences on
"Sunday School Administration" during this convention.

The general scheme of and for the Administration division, as
15

226 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

we see it today, is: (i) To set forth a very simple and effective
organization for the individual Sunday School; not so much a list of
departments and agencies to be inaugurated, but a spirit to find the
things necessary to be done and the best method of doing these.
(2) Practically to direct the administrative ofBcers in their efforts to
perfect the work of their school. These administrative officers are:
The pastor, the superintendent and his assistants, the secretary and
his assistants, the treasurer and his deputies, the educational director,
the departmental leaders and committees, the general and special com-
mittees of the school, the librarian, chorister and musicians and any
and all other officers found in a Sunday School.

To attain these two ends a constructive study of the needs of the
administrative officers and the problems of efficient management will
be absolutely necessary. From this would be developed the actual
program of work for the division as such and the workers in the
local school.

The possibilities of this division, when it has reached its full work-
ing power, might be grouped as follows :

1. The Sunday School directed by a trained and fully co-operating
group of officers and committees.

2. Every activity fully developed. Every phase of Sunday School
activity brought into proper relationship to the true policy of the
Sunday School.

3. Every Sunday School properly balanced in its organization and
meeting every natural requirement.

4. Every Sunday School made stable and permanent, thus insuring
its usefulness and life in the future.

5. Every Sunday School brought nearer the standard, not so
much in number of component parts or outward organization, but in
the spirit which will pervade the entire school.

The needs of the Administration division are simply these: Place
the same on a solid footing by incorporating it in the budget of the
International Association, secure the man to lead and then open the
doors of your hearts and schools to receive the message of cheer
and suggestion.

FINDINGS OF THE MINISTERS' CONFERENCES

The church has the task of evangelizing and socializing the world.
The church school is its greatest agency for creating the church of
tomorrow and promoting a Christian civilization. As such it must
have a place in the thought, plans and activities of the church com-

SUNDAY SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION 227

mensurate with its importance; and its character must be determined
by its purpose of producing a world-wide Christian democracy.

The church and Sunday School are one institution, not two, the
school being the church at its work of giving its children an experience
of vital rehgion, educating its constituency, not only in the principles
of a Christian social order through an intellectual apprehension of
Christianity, but also in fixing the habits of Christian living by train-
ing in social activities.

For the realization of the function of the church school it requires
not only an educated ministry, but the ministry of educators; teachers
consecrated and trained for leading children and youth into the
experience of living for the realization of Christian democracy; the
best time on Sunday; the best location in the church for the school;
the best physical equipment, and money enough to produce a religious
school which compares favorably with the public school.

Also, since the church deals with young individuals who must live
in social relationships, we feel the need of a curriculum of social
service, graded according to the interests and abilities of pupils, to
which curriculum shall be keyed the curriculum of instruction in the
principles of Christian living; we beheve that each school is in vital
need of the co-operation of the other church schools of its com-
munity for effecting universal religious education; and, finally, we
look forward to the creation of a week-day religious school paralleling
the public school for the complete education of the child.

We recommend that theological seminaries equip the ministry,
through adequate courses in pedagogy and psychology, with a training
which shall qualify ministers for proficient leadership in religious
education. C. Arthur Lincoln,

Chas. D. Bulla,
Samuel B. Fares.

FINDINGS OF THE SECRETARIES' AND TREASURERS'

SECTION

We have a firm conviction that Sunday School records, properly
compiled by the secretary and properly used by the executive officers,
can be a very important factor in the success of any school, large or
small. We therefore urge all secretaries so to plan their work that
it may have real constructive value, and we urge pastors and super-
intendents to take these records into consideration in planning the
work of the school.

228 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

We caution new secretaries, especially, against attempting to record
too many details which do not have constructive value in the individual
school, and urge that the details to be made a matter of record in
each school be carefully worked out by both superintendent and
secretary.

We have selected the following items which we believe should be
included in the record system of every school, regardless of size or
location. We believe these to be absolutely fundamental :

1. Accurate enrollment records for every member, the essential
enrollment information being name, address, day school grade, age,
parents' names, church membership of both scholar and parents. (In-
formation regarding parents would be omitted in the case of adult
members.)

2. Accurate weekly records. The essentials in the case of the
individual being attendance, reason for continued absence ; for class
records, total enrollment, total attendance, total offering.

3. Minutes of workers' conference, business meetings and all
written reports of all officers.

4. Special data. List of members who have been absent for at
least one month, with record of investigation and reports. List of
all withdrawals, with reasons, indicating good or poor reasons. List
of baptisms, confirmations or church accessions. List of new members
by classes and departments that comparative growth or loss may be
shown.

We have selected the following list of additional data. These items
are suggestive and have been found helpful in many schools. This
list should be studied carefully and those features which would be
valuable in the local school should be added to the essentials as rapidly
as is consistent with maintaining the accuracy and efficiency of the
work.

We urge every school to concentrate on the study of its with--
drawals and urge that a school ruling be made that no teacher or
class can withdraw a scholar without giving a written reason.

We believe that, wherever possible, the treasurer should relieve the
superintendent of the details of financial management and be qualified
to advise and lead the school in this work.

We believe that the current expenses of the school should be made
a part of the church budget and that the children should be trained
to contribute to the current expense of the church and to its great
benevolent enterprises.

SUNDAY SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION

229

Sunday School Records — What to Record

ESSENTIAL
Enrollment
Name.
Address.

Day school grade.
Age.

Parents' names and initials.
Church membership ; Indi-
vidual, Parents.

Weekly Record
Individual
Attendance.
Reason lor continued
absence.

Class
Total Enrollment.
Total Attendance.
Offering.

Special Data
List of members who have
been absent for one month,
with record of investiga-
tions and report on same.

List of all withdrawals, with
reason for each. Differ-
entiate between good and
poor reasons.

ADDITIONAL
Birthday.

Former school connection.
Occupation (if adult).
Other members of family.
Names of friends not in Sunday

School.
Telephone number.
Recreational and amusement prefer-
ences.
On time. ;

Lesson study. ]

Bible brought.
Church attendance.
Offering.

Social service or class activities.
Consecutive record.
School papers used.
Books taken from library.
Total of individual points.
Per cent of attendance.
Excused absences.
Rank in department.
Rank in school.
Report on absences ; note book work ;

supplemental work.
Check on all teachers showing wheth--

er or not they are following up^

absentees.
Study of attendance by departments,

and classes.
Study of home conditions.
Study of church connections of those-.

who are irregular in attendance.
Study of withdrawals by classes and.

departments.
Reports of investigations.
Survey of home conditions; church.

connections; community influences..

230

FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Special Data — Continued .

List of Baptisms, Confirma-
tions or Church Accessions.

Issue transfer letters to members

going to other schools.
Write to pastor or superintendent in

town to which member is going.

Study by departments and classes.

Study influences which induce the
action.

Study school, community and home
influences.

List scholars who are old enough to
unite with the church and secure
report from teachers as to what is
keeping them from that step.

List all "Forward Step" pledges.

List of New Members.
By Classes.
Departments.

Study class or departmental growth.
Study school influence on community

in light of non-church members

won to the school.
Study ages to learn school's appeal.
Find out influences which induce

members to join.
Study new members carefully to see

whether they are held after they

enroll.
Check teachers who hold new mem-
bers and those who do not.
List prospective members.
List non-church or non-Sunday

School parents of children who

unite with the school and send adult

classes after them.
Make survey of people in community

with church and Sunday School

affiliations.

Minutes of workers* confer-
ence and business meetings.

Reports of departmental and class

meetings.
File programs for all special days.
All special school activities.

SUNDAY SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION 231

Special Data — Continued. Missionary instruction, work and of-

ferings.

Temperance instruction, work and
offerings.

List of names on service flag.

Vacation attendance records.

Register of visitors to school.

Official list of officers, teach- Personal records, history or honors.

ers and scholars.
Regular reports of

Librarian.

Treasurer.

MAKING THE SCHOOL EFFECTIVE FOR CHRISTIAN
CHARACTER

By Rev. C. Arthur Lincoln, S. T. M.

Theoretically the pastor is the head of the church school and as
such is a most influential factor in making it count for the develop-
ment of Christian character. Practically, in many cases, he has as
much real influence over the school as a god-father over the child for
whom he has become sponsor. He is usually detached from the real
responsibility for its life and activities, except as a teacher sometimes
of an adult class. Sometimes this is fortunate for the school, for
too many ministers are ignorant of what a church school should be.
Their laymen are frequently in advance of them.

Pastors need to do some really stiff study in textbooks on pedagogy
and psychology written since 1620. Until a minister has qualified to
know the difference between the carburetor and the tail light of this
educational automobile, he had better not fool with the starter and
the steering wheel.

Potentially the pastor is the head of his school and potentially
he has more influence than any other person in making it count for
the work of the church. This potentially is often undeveloped be-
cause theological seminaries have quite neglected this important phase
of training until within five or six years. Again ministers are so
overburdened with such a multitude of time-consuming details that
they have to fight hard to find time even for sermon preparation.
The ultimate solution of the problem lies in the direction of dividing
the work of the church into departments and placing a prophet over
the department of preaching and social worship, an educator over
the department of religious education, a social worker over the head

232 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

of the department of community service, a pastor for calling and
organization work, etc. This means that small churches in some neigh-
borhoods should combine to make such a departmental organization
possible.

The business of the school is to produce men and women, not of
saved character, but of saving character. The great purpose of the
church is the creation of a Christlike human society. Desire lies at
the root of all purposeful action. It rests with the church and with
us as ministers of Christ to create in our young people a passionate
desire for world-wide, society deep. Christian democracy. This cannot
be done by exhortation; it can be done by patient, purposeful, scien-
tific teaching.

After 1900 years' existence we are having to train the church
to the large giving of resources and service. With a world conquest
before us, we find ourselves to be woefully unprepared. We have
neither the trained workers nor the money which the campaign is
demanding of us this minute. We have allowed a vast army of boys
and girls to come up through our churches with most insufficient
training in giving and serving for the conquest of the world.

The two leading organizations of the church for the training of
our young people for Christian warfare are the Sunday School and
the young people's society. The Sunday School ideally has all the
children and young people of the church, not to speak of the adults.
The young people's society ideally has all the young people of high
school age and up to 25 years of age. But this is not an ideal often
realized. The young people's society ought to be a laboratory of
young Christian experience. There is no reason why the young
people's societies should not be a corporate part of the church school,
meeting with the school for instruction in a young people's depart-
ment and meeting on other occasions for social, inspirational and
social service programs. Here the minister can do much to make
the school count for the creation of character.

In our scheme of religious education we have been weak in
systematically training our children to express the Christian truths
we have taught them. The test of character is not in knowledge but
in deeds. We have rather believed that if we gave the right im-
pression the corresponding right expression would follow. It isn't
necessarily true. I plead for a curriculum of expression in our church
schools. The fact is that our goal in the church school should be,
not the imparting of a complete body of truth, but rather the develop-
ment in each pupil of life passionately devoted to making society

SUNDAY SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION 233

Christ-like in all its ramifications. Key the curricula to the realiza-
tion of a truly Christ-like social order.

In order to make the school count as it ought to count for the
victory of the church over all forms of organized evil, we need as
the foundation of our curriculum of instruction in the Bible, in mis-
sions, in benevolence, in church history and doctrine, a graded course
of social expression. Ministers everywhere are giving up months
and years to the work of the Y. M. C. A. service and the work of
chaplains. The times demand this. But the times also demand that
ministers everywhere give up months and years to the work of
educating, training and equipping the church of tomorrow for the
complete conquest of the world.

With God's help we plan to train the coming generation to solve
every problem of social, national and international life according to
the standards of Jesus Christ.

EVANGELISTIC AIM THROUGH THE EDUCATIONAL

METHOD
By E. B. Chappell, D. D.

The word evangelism as here used stands for the process of
making disciples of Jesus Christ. Disciple means learner. But the
Christian disciple is a learner who is also a follower, a learner who,
by vital fellowship through faith, has become a partaker of the
Master's spirit and who has adopted the Master's ideals and com-
mitted himself to the Master's leadership.

According to this definition all real evangelism must be in some
sense educational: (i) It must be educational in the sense of giving
definite religious instruction. (2) Evangelism must be educational
in the sense that the content of instruction must be within reach of
the understanding of those to whom it is offered, must answer to the
real needs of their lives and must be presented in such a way as to
catch and hold the attention, awaken a sense of need and kindle
faith and desire and inspiration.

The statement that all effective evangelism must be educational at
once suggests the thought that in the evangelistic program of the
church, childhood and youth should hold the leading place of atten-
tion, (i) Whether or not the adult is to be religious at all in any
real and vital sense depends in nineteen cases out of twenty upon the
instruction he receives and the influences by which he is surrounded
in childhood, for if an individual is entirely deprived of religious train-
ing and religious influence until he reaches maturity, the chances that

234 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

religion will ever become a dominating force in his life will be exceed-
ingly meager.

It should be observed that, as larger attention is given to religious
education and as educational methods improve, an ever increasing
proportion of boys and girls choose Christ as their Lord and Saviour
and enter into the fellowship of the church as a direct consequence
of their religious training and without the help of any high pressure
methods.

Two observations need to be made here: (a) It is not to be
assumed that the voluntary decision referred to invariably marks the
beginning of the child's religious life. The spirit who giveth life may
reach the heart of the child through those silent processes of
nurture that take place in the Christian home long before he is able
to understand the terms in which religious faith is expressed. The
religion of early childhood is just as real as the religion of mature
life. But there comes a time when the naive and simple religion
of the child must be transformed into a religion of voluntary choice
based on intelligent conviction. This transformation may be either
silent and gradual, or it may come as the sudden culmination of a
sharp spiritual crisis. The process, however, is of small moment.
What really matters is that the attainment of full-fledged individuality
shall find the youth firmly established in loyalty to Christ.

(b) It is not to be inferred from the facts given above that the
times is at hand when the revival will be no longer needed. As a
result of the increasing emphasis which the church is placing on
Christian education, revival methods will doubtless undergo a radical
change and the relative importance of the revival as a means of
religious propagandism will greatly decline.

It should be further observed that Christian discipleship is not
uniform as to type and quality. There are many who are sincere in
their allegiance to Christ whose discipleship is sadly defective because
their knowledge of Christ and his teachings and ideals is sadly
inadequate. What is needed, therefore, is an educational program that
will reveal to boys and girls as their minds unfold a whole Christ
for their faith and adoration and a whole gospel for their guidance.

The facts here given point the way to some conclusions which
are of serious import: (i) There is no prospect that the world or
any single country in the world will ever be made Christian except
by the Christian training of childhood.

(2) There is no fact about the present-day life of our republic
that is more significant than that millions of our boys and girls are

SUNDAY SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION 235

growing up, not only without religious training, but wholly apart
from religious influence. The only way to reach this class is by
winning their confidence and respect that they will be willing for us
to teach their children. This is not an impossible undertaking.

(3) If we are to Christianize our country through the religious
education of the young, we must improve the quality as well as the
extent and scope of our educational work.

(4) We must convince the great rank and file of our people that
nothing else is so important as imbuing the boys and girls of our
country with the Christ spirit, leading them to a whole-hearted adoption
of the principles and ideals set forth in the teachings of Christ, and
training them in those forms of service in which their convictions
shall find adequate expression. And there has never been a period in
all history so favorable for such a propaganda as the present hour.
For in the face of the utter failure of materialism revealed through
the war that is now devastating the earth, men are turning with a new
interest to moral and spiritual realities, convinced that in these lies
the only hope of civilization. In a peculiar sense, therefore, this is,
for those who are leading in the field of religious education, a time
of thrilling opportunity.

WHAT HAS THE SCHOOL A RIGHT TO EXPECT
OF THE CHURCH?
By Herbert W. Gates,

Superintendent Brick Church Institute, Rochester, N. Y.

The church school holds a place in the life of the church that is
second in importance to no other department of work. Upon its effec-
tiveness depends not only the future of the church, but, what is even
more important, the moral and religious welfare of the children and
youth committed to its care. It has a right, therefore, to expect of the
church an adequate place in its program— one befitting the importance
of the work entrusted to it. This involves these things at least:

(i) That the school shall be regarded as an integral part of the
church, with provision made in the church budget for necessary
expenses, equipment, etc.

(2) That trained and skilled leadership shall be provided with
reasonable opportunity to accomplish the results expected. Our lead-
ing churches are providing themselves with directors of religious
education, but too often these persons are still regarded as assistants
to the pastor, rather than as expert leaders whose counsels are to be
respected and, to a reasonable degree, followed.

236 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

(3) That the place of teacher shall be dignified by training, by
expecting good results, and by making such provision for equipment
and facilities as shall give a reasonable chance for such results to
follow. This means that the school shall be suitably housed, that it
shall have texts, reference books, maps and other lines of educa-
tional work.

(4) That the school shall be given, not only sufficient time, but
the best time possible for its work. Its sessions should be protected
against encroachments on the part of the church service and meaning-
less diversions such as speeches on irrelevant topics from visitors.
This does not mean that visitors with a real message for children
and youth should not be heard.

(5) Above all, the school has a right to expect that its work shall
be recognized by the leaders of the church. There should be a com-
mittee of religious education with standing and authority equal to
that of any other committee of the church. This committee should
be composed of men and women fitted by training, experience and
interest to become the real leaders of the congregation in religious
educational matters.

The pastor, too, should remember that the measure of interest
in any part of the church work is not likely to rise much above
his own. His interest, therefore, should show itself in the pulpit, in
his prayers, in his pastoral visitation and conversation, that the people
may catch the vision which he himself has, and be led to give their
active support to this vitally important work.

LEAPERSHIP TRAINING CLASS IN THE LOCAL SCHOOL
By Frank L. Brown,

Secretary, World's Sunday School Association

The trained teacher has a right to require a trained officer. The
million officers of American Sunday Schools have come to their
position without special training for their tasks. Very few have read
a single book concerning their work before assuming office. This
condition is not fair to these men, the school, the church, or the
community.

We must do what we can in the training of those now in office
through reading courses, conventions, city institutes and executive
training literature, but if we are not to continue the condition of an
untrained Sunday School leadership, we must start now to organize
leadership training classes from the young people of executive capacity
in our Sunday Schools.

SUNDAY SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION 237

Such classes may be combined with the local teacher training class,
or may be conducted separately at the Sunday School hour or during
the week.

The textbooks for practically every branch of leadership work are
now available. The course would include one book on the Sunday
School as the institution within which these future officers must do
their work. It may also include the other items in the teacher training
course, namely : the Bible, pedagogy and psychology, if the student so
elects. It may be best not to insist upon these last named subjects,
but to go directly from the study of the institution to the specializa-
tion material.

This specialization study will follow the study of a book upon the
organized Sunday School. To illustrate, the students electing to
train for the position of superintendent or assistant could :

1. Study "The Church School" (Athearn), or any other book on

Sunday School organization.

2. Study "How to Conduct the Sunday School" (Lawrance), "The

Sunday School at Work" (Paris), or "The Superintendent and
His Work" (Brown), or any book on school methods.

3. His practice work would be the observation of at least two

other schools and the superintendency of two Sundays of the
local school.

4. His thesis would be a practical plan for organization of the

local school effectively to reach scholars, teachers and the
community.

The publicity student would :

1. Study book on Sunday School organization.

2. Study "Church Publicity" (Reisner), "Publicity and Progress"

(Smith), or "Principles of Successful Church Advertising"
(Stelze).

3. As practice work, furnish for a month copy of Sunday School

doings to the local press.

4. Outline a publicity plan for the local school.
The student electing social work would :

1. Study book on Sunday School organization.

2. Study "Socials to Save" (Wells), "Social Evenings" (Wells),

"Social Activities for Men and Boys" (Chestley), or "Social
Plans for Young People" (Reisner).

3. As practice work, plan and conduct a social evening for a class

or department or for the teachers.

4. Outline a social program for the school for a season.

A list of the lines of service upon which a student may specialize,

238 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

which are required under the present development of the Sunday School
and for which textbooks are in readiness, follows:

The superintendent and assistant superintendent; department super-
intendents, namely: Cradle Roll, Beginners, Primary, Junior, Inter-
mediate, Senior, Adult, Home, Parents ; educational superintendent
(grading, promotions, officer and teacher training, etc.) ; secretary;
treasurer; librarian; chorister; missionary committee; committee on
evangelism; temperance committee; purity committee; committee on
school building; committee on social service; publicity committee;
social committee; committee on organizations; committee on special
days; visiting committee.

The class work will therefore include: i. Study of book on Sunday
School organization. 2. Specialization material. 3. Practice work.
4. Thesis. 5. Recognition.

Upon completing this training, which should be covered within a
year, the students should receive International, state or denominational
recognition by a certificate or seal indicating their specialization work.
The church or school should recognize this training at a special service,
the same as trained teachers are recognized, and those so trained
should be at once assigned to service as officers or as understudies if
it so happens that the position for which they have prepared is ade-
quately staffed.

We shall not have the Sunday School army rightly led unless some
such training plan is employed. More than this, the plan will so
dignify the Sunday School in the eyes of our young people that they
will be held to it without difficulty. They are eager to serve. It is
for us to seek them out and train them.

LEADERSHIP TRAINING
By Frank L. Brown

We have been happening on leadership for the world's Sunday
School army of thirty-five million. Aside from Lake Geneva Inter-
national Training School, and some specialized work done at a few
universities, there is no well developed plan for an officers' training
camp. The next large Sunday School advance must be in leadership
training for the local school and the organized work.

We must have a plan for training our returning boys for real
service. We must plan this for the foreign field where young people
are eager for such training. The textbooks are ready. We must
avoid, on the foreign field, the blunder of America in delaying too long
the Sunday School training of pastors and other leaders.

We are making progress in spite of untrained leaders. How great
will be the advance when this leadership is adequately trained! The

SUNDAY SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION 239

new demand is for intelligent leadership. The Y. M. C. A. is look-
ing well ahead for its leaders. It is asking for ten thousand leaders
from high school students for its future work. The World's Sunday-
School Association will need one hundred secretaries in the next few
years. The International Association extension program will require
one thousand trained full-time leaders in the next four years.
Present plans to secure leadership:

(a) The secondary division of the Sunday School is the best field.
The executive training class in the local school is the unit in this
leadership training plan.

(b) The community training school, with an officers' section, is
a good place.

(c) Departments of religious education in universities and Sunday
School specialization in theological seminaries should help furnish
a leadership as well as

(d) Sunday School summer courses in colleges as in Columbia and
summer schools like Lake Geneva.

(e) Correspondence extension courses, conducted by seminaries,
universities and Sunday School boards.

On the foreign field Sunday School leadership training has been
developed through well equipped departments in seminaries such as
at Shanghai and Manila; at summer schools at Karizawa, Japan, and
Kuling, China; at Christian colleges through special departments such
as at Kobe, Japan, which has a model Sunday School building, Sun-
day School library and laboratory work.

Plans to round out the scheme of leadership training:

(a) An officers' section of the community training school with sub-
divisions for superintendents, secretaries, treasurers, choristers, mis-
sionary superintendents, social service workers, etc. This section to
take one-half hour on "The Sunday School as an Institution," and a
half hour in specialization classes.

(b) State Sunday School Association on denominational correspon-
dence courses providing for due recognition.

(c) Make all local school training classes to include both teacher
and officer training.

(d) Secure departments of religious education in all universities
for regular and post-graduate work, these departments to promote
extension courses and summer schools of religious education for both
college and non-college men and women.

(e) The State Sunday School Association and colleges should work
out plan for presentation in colleges of the call for Sunday School
leadership and in Sunday Schools of the opportunity of college train-
ing for life service.

(f) Promote additional schools on the plan of the Hartford School
of Religious Pedagogy or state normal schools of religious education.

(g) Arrange short courses for non-college leaders with special
recognition.

(h) Have an officers' training library in every Sunday School.

CHAPTER XI

HOME VISITATION

REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT TO THE CONVENTION
By J. Shreve Durham, Superintendent
A. F. Sittloh, Chairman of Department

HOME Visitation was made a department of the International
Sunday School Association just ten years ago — at the Louis-
ville Convention. During these ten years, under God's bless-
ings, more than 48,700,000 people have been visited.

/nfe/7idf/o/ia/SundsySdoo/ArsocMo/f
HOME VISITATION

During the triennium of 1908 to 191 1 some 14,200,000 people were
visited; 1911 to 1914, some 16,856,000; 1914 to 1918, some 17,680,000
have been visited. Of the more than 48,700,000 people visited during
the ten years, fully 24,000,000 were not connected with any Sunday

240

HOME VISITATION 241

School, church or synagogue, and they have been placed in touch with
the organization of their choice through the Home Visitation work.

Home Visitation is a systematically organized interdenominational
movement through which every home in the largest city, or in the most
inaccessible country district, can be visited in a few hours. Printed
invitations are placed in every home, inviting the people to attend the
Sunday School and church or synagogue of their choice. These gospel
invitations have been printed in twenty-one languages since the work
was organized.

Records of the church connection or preference of every individual
are secured, and are given to the leaders of the Sunday Schools and
churches or synagogues, for which the preference is expressed, furnish-
ing them the facts necessary for successful work — because we cannot
SAVE the people unless w^e TEACH them; and we cannot TEACH
them unless we REACH them. Home Visitation reaches everybody
everywhere that the plan is well observed.

Literature giving every step and detail in the organization for a
Home Visitation can be had from the State or Provincial Sunday
School associations, or from the International Sunday School Associa-
tion, 1516 Mailers Building, Chicago.

Serves Every Department of the Sunday School and Church

Every department of the Sunday School and church can be best
served through the Home Visitation Department. We have to locate
the babies before we can enroll them on our Cradle Rolls. We have
to find the boys and girls before we can bring them into our Elemen-
tary classes. We have to get in touch with the young men and young
women before we can have them in our " 'Teen Age" work. We have to
reach the men and women before we can enlist them in our Organized
Adult Service, or in our Home Department.

The plan also helps to hold those we already have in our organiza-
tions by reaching the large numbers still outside, and saving them and
changing their influence for good. We may do good planting and
cultivating for fruit in our own gardens, but if the suns of selfishness
shine upon it, and the sands of sin blow over it from the outside, much
of it will drift away in the winds of the storms from around us.

The greatest peril to the cause is not a weakness within any depart-
ment of the Sunday School and church, but the numbers and influence
of the forces without. God has greatly blessed the organized Sunday
School work with success, but it is young — and has just begun. Only
one in four of America's population is yet in the Sunday School.

16

242 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

The Home Visitation movement serves the State and Provincial
Sunday School associations as no other work known. It accomplishes
in itself so much good for all interests — the Sunday Schools, churches
and all organizations engaged in any form of betterment work. It is
the largest piece of work being done in the name of the State or
Provincial Association. All Home visitations are done in the name
of the State or Provincial Association. It gets so much announcement
and publicity that it brings the State or Provincial Sunday School Asso-
ciation before all the people in a short time far more than it would be
in many years of regular work.

Enlists Many in Short Time

It assists the State or Provincial General Secretary in getting
acquainted with a larger number of the leading Sunday School and
church people, leading business men and leaders of all interests in a
way which he could not do in many years of his regular work. It
interests and enlists a greater number of influential and able men and
women for the whole cause of organized Sunday School work in a
short time than could be done in many years of regular work. It
leaves in every State and Provincial Association a large list of the most
able people for their cultivation in the interest of their entire program
for the State or Provincial work.

It is impossible to report all of the additions to the membership of
the Sunday Schools and churches and synagogues resulting from the
Home Visitation, because of the fact that we "HOME" all of our work
in the local Sunday schools and churches, and the results of Home
Visitation are immediately turned over to them, to become a part of
their work.

We do know, however, that these millions have been placed into
their hands, and we have definite records of cities that have increased
their entire Sunday School membership more than 400 per cent; and
of individual Sunday Schools and churches that have more than doubled
their membership in one year. One church, as a result of the Home
Visitation and its own fine organization for conservation and ingather-
ing, added 408 new members on one Sunday.

Individual work for individuals is necessary, but the movement
which can organize an entire community — or a large part of it — in
co-operative effort through God's plan to save all of its individuals,
and to help keep them safe and in His service, and to make it easier to
do right and harder to do wrong, by making the atmosphere of real
religion the native breath of the community, does thousands and mil-

HOME VISITATION 243

lions of times more for all the people and for the salvation of each
individual.

All Protestants, Catholics and Jews co-operate in the Home Visita-
tion earnestly, which impresses the non-religious, and enlists the co-op-
eration of the educational, commercial, industrial, social and civic forces
in this great general betterment work. Newspapers give this big,
broad, brotherly movement the strongest endorsement and widest pub-
licity through pages of news matter, able editorials and powerful
cartoons. City and parochial schools declare holidays ; governors and
mayors issue proclamations ; commercial clubs, boards of trade, cham-
bers of commerce, clearing house associations and business men's
leagues urge all their members to co-operate. Labor unions join with
commercial organizations to help make the cities "Better and Greater !"
A mighty important step towards justice for all is to have men know
one another. This plan not only helps them to know one another, it
also gets them to work together in a common cause for the good of all.
Pray that we may have men and money enough to reach all the people
and help them to love God and one another.

Our nation needs the co-operation of all interests to win this war —
and we believe we fight for the right. Tlie Home Visitation is the
only great organized movement known, securing the co-operation of
all religious interests, without which no interest can stand permanently.

HOME VISITATION CONFERENCE

SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT
By J. Shreve Durham

The chart shows the progress of the movement during the ten
years which it has been a department of the International Sunday
School Association. From 1908 to 191 1 there were some 14,200,000 peo-
ple visited; 191 1 to 1914, some 16,856,000; and from 1914 to 1918 there
were some 17,680,000 people visited, or a total of some 48,700,000 people
visited during the ten years.

Almost every state and province in the United States and Canada
has done some Home Visitation work. Liverpool and Bootle, England,
had very successful campaigns before the war. Since the last Inter-
national Convention, four years ago, the following states and provinces
have observed the work — Alabama, Arkansas, California (N), Cali-
fornia (S), Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana,
Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Min-
nesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire,

244 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma,
Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Ver-
mont, Virginia, Washington (E), West Virginia, Alberta, British
Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Ontario,
Quebec and Saskatchewan; and perhaps some work was done in the
few remaining states and provinces, but we have no report of it
from them.

International Home Visitation Committee

The present International Home Visitation Committee is made up
as follows : A. F. Sittloh, chairman, Denver, Col. ; Mayor Tristram T.
Hyde, vice-chairman, Charleston, S. C. ; Judge Huston Quin, secretary,
Louisville, Ky. ; H. J. Heinz, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Paul C. Warren, Three
Oaks, Mich. ; Senator H. H. Phipps, Spokane, Wash. ; Chas. W. Dorsey,
Baltimore, Md. ; B. W. Penick, Greensburg, Ky. ; S. H. Williams, Glas-
tonbury, Conn. ; D. P. Gribben, Kansas City, Mo. ; Geo. E. Hall, New
York City ; George Warren Brown, St. Louis, Mo. ; Gerald W. Birks,
Montreal, Canada ; Joseph M. Steele, Philadelphia, Pa. ; Arthur Clinton,
Elmira, N. Y. ; Robert H. Pennington, Evansville, Ind. ; Dr. J. Earl
Else, Portland, Ore.; Dr. R. H. Boyd, Nashville, Tenn. ; H. L. Baker,
New Orleans, La., and J. Austin Murphy, Chicago.

HOW WE ENLISTED THE LEADERS OF A LARGE CITY
By Herbert L. Hill,

General Secretary, New York City Sunday School Association

First, we went to see the bishops and leading pastors of all Protes-
tant denominations and personally explained the Home Visitation plan.
All wanted it observed in our city, and they gladly agreed to represent
their denominations on the general committee. Then we called upon
the cardinal and bishops of the Catholic Church, and the president of
the Jewish Board of Ministers ; and these leaders of all faiths —
Protestants, Catholics and Jews — heartily joined in the plan. The
Protestant leaders called all Protestant pastors of the city to a meet-
ing. The Catholic leaders called all Catholic rectors to a meeting,
and the Jewish leaders called all Jewish ministers to a meeting where
we explained the plans to all, and later we called all pastors of all
faiths to a general meeting.

We interested and enlisted the most influential men and women
of the religious, social, educational, commercial, industrial and civic
life of the city by calling upon them personally, as we did the most
influential men of the churches, and later called all these laymen

HOME VISITATION 245

and women to meet in the general meeting with the prelates and
pastors. All agree that we perfected the strongest organization and
secured the most complete co-operation of all faiths and leaders of
all interests that has ever been known in any movement.

HOW WE ORGANIZED IN OUR RURAL DISTRICTS

By Fred Washburn,
Home Visitation and Rural Work Superintendent for Michigan

An efficient organization is absolutely necessary, and this is eflfected
by calling a meeting of pastors, Sunday School superintendents, out-
standing community leaders and all association officers. At this
meeting a general chairman is selected, and his committee should be
made up from representatives of all co-operating organizations —
Protestants, Catholics and Jewish. This committee has general super-
vision of the work and is responsible for securing the required number
of visitors. A central committee of five should be selected to see that
all plans for the movement are properly executed ; a districting com-
mittee for the purpose of dividing the community to be visited into
sections containing from fifteen to twenty-five homes each; a finance
committee to apportion the expenses of the movement among the
various Sunday Schools and churches, collect the funds and pay all
bills ; a publicity committee to advertise all meetings and keep the
movement constantly before the public through the press.

Meetings for the proper instruction of visitors should be held,
using the leaflets of instruction to insure the records being of greatest
value. On visitation day the central committee should be at head-
quarters to group the workers in teams of two each, assign the dis-
tricts, give them supplies and final instructions, and as soon as the
visitors return to headquarters, sort out the cards and turn them
over to the pastor, priest, rabbi or organization for which a preference
is expressed.

HOW WE SECURED CO-OPERATION IN AN UNUSUAL

FIELD

By Rev. J. W. Windham,
Secretary, Tri-County Sunday School Association, Tampa, Fla.

While not a large city, it was believed by leaders in Tampa that
such co-operation as was being secured from all faiths for the Home
Visitation in many other cities would be impossible in our city be-
cause of the unusual conditions. For many years we had a city within
a city, each as diflFerent from the other in nationality, customs and

246 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

religious life, as two cities could be on different continents. Before
Mr. Durham came to our city, however, he stopped on the way and
called upon the Catholic bishop of Florida, and he gave him a letter
stating how much he approved of the plan and urging all Catholic
leaders to co-operate in the work, which solved the problem of all our
Cuban and other foreign population.

HOW WE SECURED WIDE NEWSPAPER ANNOUNCE-
MENTS
By Prof. F. S. Goodrich,

General Secretary, Michigan Sunday School Association
[Paper — Unavoidably Absent]
For the Home Visitation campaign conducted by Mr. Durham in
Detroit, we were especially successful in securing much space in the
newspapers of that city. Someone figured that the cost of the space
given the movement by the newspapers would have been, at their
regular rate, $4,000. Along with many columns of news matter were
strong editorials and a cartoon by Tom May, which has caused not only
national comment, but leaders from other countries have expressed their
favor of it. It appeared on the front page of the Detroit Times, show-
ing a picture of what we think a likeness of satan in the trenches,
scared to death, hair standing on his head, dropping his pitchfork, as
he saw the Home Visitation banner being brought against him by three
ministers bearing its staffs — a Protestant minister, a Catholic priest
and a Jewish rabbi. The publicity was secured by going directly to
managing editors and city editors, and presenting our big plan to
them, keeping in touch with the reporters, to whom the live facts
were presented in written form, in so striking a manner that they
were glad to give it as news. Local pastors and other religious leaders
stated that the Sunday School and church interests had been given
more publicity than ever in the history of the city.

HOW WE SECURED REPRESENTATIVE PEOPLE

AS VISITORS

By Prof. R. D. Webb,

General Secretary, South Carolina Sunday School Association

The usual form of organization was followed in our capital city

to secure visitors, after the plan had been presented to all pastors and

superintendents, the visitor's pledge card was given to all leaders to

distribute in Sunday School classes and to place in church pews, upon

which to enroll the names of visitors on the day set for the securing

of visitors, and visitors* lists were also mailed all leaders, upon which

HOME VISITATION 247

they were to send all names and addresses to the general headquarters,
which were also used to pass among classes and people in the Sunday
services. '

The interest was so great that the leading business men and the
most prominent women of our city volunteered for the service. Our
governor and his wife gladly volunteered as visitors and went out on
the afternoon of the visitation and completed the territory assigned
them. The influence of having these prominent people from all over
our city go out to meet all of the people and invite them to the
Sunday School and church, made a very great impression upon all.
The Organized Sunday School Work has a new and high rating in
our capital city as a result of the Home Visitation, and the local
county association, which was in debt, has paid all of its indebted-
ness, is in a most flourishing condition with a bright future for its
own work and its part with the state.

HOW WE HAD A GREAT MEETING OF INSTRUCTIONS
By Prof. E. T. Albertson,

General Secretary, Colorado Sunday School Association

We followed the plan of sending all those whose names had been
sent us by their pastors for visitors, a postal card, telling them where
to report for service on visitation day, and urging them to attend the
meeting of instructions, that they might all be able to do efficient work.
We secured the largest auditorium in our city, and its main floor, its
gallery, its Sunday School room and its gallery, and all standing room
were all filled by the most representative group of people ever seen in
co-operative action in Denver. They stood in the doors and out in
the streets, and many returned to their homes because they were unable
to get into the building.

The large platform was filled to overflowing with the leading
Protestant, Catholic and Jewish pastors of the city. Many leaders
of all faiths spoke endorsing the plan, and urging the people to not
only do their best in this campaign, but also to stand in all good work
together for the betterment of all the people. The International Home
Visitation catechism for visitor's instruction was given to each visitor,
and the most careful and complete information given which enabled
all to do the work well. The good influence of that meeting, which
still abides, would alone have been worth all the Home Visitation
movement cost. Many people have been brought into the Sunday
Schools and churches, one church has added nearly 500 new members
during the eight months since the Home Visitation.

248 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

HOW WE FINANCED THE HOME VISITATION

By Charles W. Shinn,

Ex-General Secretary, Ohio Sunday School Association

The organized Sunday School work in Toledo and Lucas County
was having a hard struggle for existence. We asked the International
Association to get Mr. Durham to come and assist us in the direction
of a Home Visitation, beHeving that it would do much good for the
Sunday Schools and churches, and also enable us to interest and
enlist new friends for the work to assist the faithful few who were
carrying the burden.

The visitation, as usual, was co-operated in by all faiths, and united
with the many religious organizations were the educational, social, com-
mercial, industrial and civic organizations of the city. The few faith-
ful friends of the work were afraid to undertake so large and costly
plans as a visitation, since the Association was badly in debt, but
when it was explained to them that the Home Visitation would not
only interest and enlist enough new friends to pay for its cost, but offer
them an opportunity to raise funds for the general work, they all co-
operated most earnestly.

After the visitation was completed and the whole city stirred with
deep interest in so good a work, all members of the executive com-
mittee of the Sunday School Association met and invited many of the
new friends which the visitation had enlisted to meet with them, and
there were fully a hundred of the most representative business men
in the city present. Let it be said to the credit of the executive com-
mittee of the Sunday School Association, that not a member was
missing. But as there were only twenty-one members on this com-
mittee, it can be seen what a large number of new friends came to
assist in raising these funds. This committee lunched together that
day, then went out to secure the money, and returned to lunch the
next day and make reports. The visitation had cost $988.64, and
Protestants, CathoHcs and Jews gave liberally to pay this amount,
and when the committee reported the next day, they had secured some
$3,011.50, or $2,000 more than the cost of the visitation, with which
they have gone forward with all their work. The new general secre-
tary secured then informs us that he thinks fully 75 per cent of
these new friends who gave to the visitation their first gifts to the
organized Sunday School work, are still giving to the work now, nearly
four years after the visitation. It did great good for the Sunday
Schools and churches and Association.

HOME VISITATION 249

HOW WE CONSERVED THE VISITATION WITH
LARGE RESULTS

By Van Carter,

General Secretary, Louisiana Sunday School Association
[Paper — Unavoidably Absent]

We followed the International Home Visitation conservation plan —
"A Welcome Day" and Ingathering Service, which was held a few
weeks after the visitation. The pastors and Sunday School superin-
tendents first wrote letters to all persons whose cards had been given
them, as expressing a preference for their Sunday Schools and churches.
Then the letters were followed by personal calls, as fast as the long
lists would permit. All of the people were invited to come to the
Sunday School and church every Sunday, and to make the start —
if they had not done so before — on the special "Welcome Day" an-
nounced in the letters and by personal calls.

The entire city was greatly blessed by the work. All Sunday Schools
and churches made large gains. One church received more than a
thousand new names, and in two weeks had enrolled more than 300
new pupils in Sunday School. One church added 56 new members on
one day, the second Sunday after the visitation, as a result. Nothing
of a religious nature ever so stirred the city, and all leaders still
praise the movement.

HOW WE SECURED MORE CO-OPERATION FOR
STATE ASSOCIATION

By James V. Johnson,

Arkansas State Executive Committee

As in some states and provinces there were some Sunday Schools
and churches which did not co-operate with our State Sunday School
Association. The Home Visitation in our chief city appealed to all
of the Sunday Schools and churches, and every Sunday School and
church in the city co-operated. The whole city was blessed by this
movement. May I say that I thought I knew something of the Home
Visitation plan, as I had taken the entire course at the International
Training School, but one has to see the actual work to fully realize
all it is. I confess I never dreamed of such a powerful religious move-
ment being possible, and the spirit of brotherliness which it brings to
all the people and the definite results for good, are the greatest I
know in any work.

250 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

HOW WE APPLIED THE PLAN TO OUR CHURCH AND
MISSIONARY WORK
By Mrs. O. H. Willard,

Philadelphia, Pa.

I heard the plan presented at the San Francisco convention, and
was deeply impressed with its possibilities for good for the entire
community, and I also thought it could be applied to our local church
and our missionary society. When I returned home, I called our
leaders together and we organized for our missionary work. We had
six general supervisors, each of these had six supervisors under them,
and each of these had six other leaders under them, so that on short
notice we can cover our entire territory.

Our numbers have increased greatly, and our work has been going
forward since we made this organization complete as never in the
history of the work. I believe that it can be followed not only in a
large congregation like ours, but also in small congregations.

HOW WE SECURED FOUNDATION THROUGH VISITA-
TION FOR OUR ASSOCIATION
By Myron C. Settle,
Secretary, Kansas City Sunday School Association

I am informed by local leaders that previous to the Kansas City
Home Visitation that Kansas City had been moving along in organized
Sunday School work about like the average city without definite
organization, and that a few Sunday Schools contributed to the State
Association some $300 total per year. Mr. Durham came at the request
of the president of the local association and a Home Visitation was
put on under very hard circumstances. A number of general move-
ments had been undertaken in the city, the last of which had left a
deficit of more than $2,000, and the pastors and leading laymen in
religious work were responsible for it, so they feared to undertake
any further work at that time which involved money.

The movement was organized, however, and it was a great success.
A leading pastor says that it was like running a wire into every home
in the city and turning on the current of religious light. Large num-
bers were added to the Sunday Schools and churches, and all of the
bills were paid before Mr. Durham left the city. I am also informed
that the International Association has received more than $2,000 since
then as gifts for the work from new friends whom the visitation
enlisted. We now have an annual budget of more than $5,000 per
year for the City Sunday School Association, and we believe that no

HOME VISITATION 251

movement could have laid such a foundation for an association as did
the Home Visitation. This increase from less than $300 a year to
more than $5,000 a year has come in less than six years, which we feel
is a good record.

HOW WE USE HOME VISITATION IN OUR "GO-TO-
SUNDAY SCHOOL DAY" WORK

By Dr. G. A, Joplin,

General Secretary, Kentucky Sunday School Association

The plan has accomplished much good in our state. The purpose
of the "Go-to-Sunday School Day," as you all know, is to bring into
the Sunday Schools the large numbers of people who are still out.
It has succeeded wonderfully in Kentucky. We always urge that a
Home Visitation be observed before the "Go-to-Sunday School" day
because we must locate the people to interest them in coming to the
Sunday Schools that day. We believe that the Home Visitations have
been a large part in the success of the "Go-to-Sunday School Day"
campaigns in Kentucky. Hundreds of thousands of new people have
been brought into the Sunday Schools on these days, and many have
remained in the work. We have received large and lasting results
from the Home Visitation work.

HOW WE EXTENDED HOME VISITATION THROUGH-
OUT THE STATE

By Rev. Charles R. Fisher,

General Secretary, California (N.) Association

Since the San Francisco Home Visitation we have extended the
Home Visitation to every section of our field. The greatest success came
recently in our capital city, Sacramento. This was the second visitation
I have directed there in eight years. There was a solid phalanx, in-
cluding Catholics, Jews and all Protestants. It was really a magnificent
campaign, with great odds against us. Those in charge of the War
Savings societies were so impressed with our organization that they
requested us to direct that work along the same lines for them. We
used our organization, and added their splendid forces. The results
obtained were very gratifying, and the Sunday Schools and churches,
and the Sunday School Association, all have a higher rating than
ever before. We urge the Home Visitation work in all our state,
county and district conventions, and always keep the International
motto before our people — "We cannot save the people unless we
teach them; we cannot teach them unless we reach them."

252 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

HOW HOME VISITATION IMPRESSED A GREAT
JEWISH LEADER

By Rev. E. W. Halpenny,

General Secretary, Ontario Sunday School Association

Rabbis, like other ministers, lead with greater assurance if they
know that leading laymen, looking at the matter from a non-professional
viewpoint, approve. We therefore sought the Hebrew brother who
was president of all the Jewish activities in the city, and who stood
well socially and commercially, as well as religiously. He held the
highest confidence of all of his faith, and all followed his leadership.
This leader, in addressing the mass meeting of instructions for all
visitors, stated that he had been a citizen of that city for more than
fifty years trying to do religious work, and that was the first time he
had ever been asked to join with others to try to help save all the
people, and that he believed that the spirit of the Home Visitation
would help all who were not right to get right with God and their
fellows.

HOW WE OBSERVED HOME VISITATION WITH
LOCAL LEADERSHIP

By Leon C. Palmer,
General Secretary, Alabama Sunday School Association

Mobile, a city of about 60,000 population, conducted a systematic
and successful Home Visitation last year, with no out-of-state help,
and with only a little help from the state general secretary. With the
literature from our state office and that of the International, I made
four trips to meet their committees and instruct their visitors. The
local leaders had secured the co-operation of all Protestants, Catholics
and Jews, arranged the finances and prepared the stationery. The
work was well done, and we had an echo meeting at which the reports
were received. We feel that the more we can get people to do for
themselves, the better for the work.

HOW WE SECURED NAMES OF NEW LEADERS FOR

OUR gen.:ral work

By George N. Bumie,

General Secretary, Indiana Sunday School Association

We have had Home Visitations in a number of our cities in
Indiana. Mr. Durham has assisted in the direction of the work in four
important centers. From all of these cities he has sent to the State
Sunday School Association office a large list of names and addresses

HOME VISITATION 253

of new leaders who have been interested and enlisted by the Home
Visitation, that we may cultivate them and hold them for our general
work of the Association. We have found these lists very valuable.
Mr. Durham directed a visitation in one of our cities just before we
held our state convention there, and we made up the strongest conven-
tion committees from the men and women of these list that we have
ever had, and we find that these people make good leaders for general
work and financial contributors.

HELP FOR EDITORS

Editors of Sunday School papers v^ill find in this volume
a mine of material — practical suggestions for various depart-
ments, inspirational bits, quotable paragraphs. Help your
readers to reap some of the benefits of the International
convention by reprinting parts of this book.

CHAPTER XII

WORK AMONG THE NEGROES

REPORT TO THE CONVENTION
By Homer C. Lyman, Superintendent

THERE are more Negroes in America than Canadians in Canada;
more Negroes in America than there are Jews in all the world.
Ten million, perhaps twelve million, as much American as we
are. Ten per cent of our population. Take ten cents from a dollar
and note how quickly the rest of it gets away from you ! The Negro
race is a real factor in our civilization. In algebra there are some
factors that may be eliminated by putting one over against another.
Not so in life. Tons of volumes have been written, theories offered
and millions invested to devise some scheme to avoid the simple,
fundamental principle of human relationship given by our Master,
"Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." What! Not the Negro?
But who is my neighbor? What does this love signify? The mind
jumps quickly to things, money, gifts, schools, employment, sacrifice,
social equality. That is not what He meant. Jesus always teaches
in fundamentals, the basic principles of human life.

Nothing one may do for himself or do for another can surpass the
awakening the soul and the establishment of the divine in a human life.
This we may do for the Negro and not pauperize him. This may
be done for the Negro and not undercut his manhood, nor destroy his
self-respect. Doing this, awakening the soul to the divine, developing
a God-consciousness that will put quality into character and lift him
above the barrier of prejudice — that is what the Master meant.

Progress in Half a Century

It is needless in this presence to mention the history of the Negro
in this country. The miracle of progress in only fifty years is the
marvel of sociology. Nothing in history is comparable to it. Wealth
has increased fifty times. The number of homes owned by Negroes
has increased seventy times, or over 600,000. Illiteracy has decreased
from 95 per cent to 30 per cent. Fifty years ago only four colleges
would admit Negroes. Today there are 653 higher grade schools
exclusively for Negroes. Five hundred and seven of these are under

254

WORK AMONG THE NEGROES 255

the support and management of Christian denominations. Christian
education is the one potent factor in this wonderful progress. In spite
of all this gain, a large percentage is still far below reasonable standards
of industrial and moral efficiency. A great people just coming into the
adolescent period as a race, with so many of the outstanding character-
istics of youth in its storm and stress period, needs most of all a
leadership inspired by the Christ's idea of the neighbor.

All honor to the names of such great teachers as General Arm-
strong, Dr. Ware, Dr. Walker, General Howard, Dr. Osborn, Dr.
Frissell, Dr. Washington and scores of others who have tried to inter-
pret the Christ ideal through education of hand and brain. They have
wrought mightily and well. The contact with a great personality is the
abiding factor in education. They stressed the manual training, the
industrial education, efficiency in shop, kitchen and farm ; they mag-
nified mental development and trusted that the fruitage of such an
enlarged life would make for permanent interest in race betterment.

The unexpected happened. They were dealing with a race in the
period of its childhood. There are fine exceptions, but broad and
large, these students were selfish. They let their education lift them
away from their fellows. Taking on culture, refinement, correct use
of language, learning to think on higher levels, acquiring a taste for
books, music and some of the finer things of life, their education put a
barrier between them and their own home folks. They found little or
nothing in the school that they could translate into terms that the home
folks could understand.

Ax OrPORTUNITY FOR THE INTERNATIONAL

With forty thousand churches and much attention given to preaching
for the most part the ministers stressed the service for the grown-ups.
Little attention was given to the growing boys and girls until they were
past the habit-forming years. The Sunday Schools offered an open
door for the educated young person from the schools. Since the Chi-
cago Convention the work in the educational institutions has been
steadily pushed and is growing in popularity and permanency every year.
This year Sunday School teacher-training classes have been organized
in almost 200 institutions and the enrollment will reach, when all reports
are in, not far from four thousand. As Mr. Warren aptly puts it,
"This is a new crop every year." In one hundred schools this Sunday
School teacher-training is recognized as a credit work and is incorporated
in the required curriculum. Will you try to estimate what it will mean
to have four thousand of the educated young people come back to the

256 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

local churches prepared to do more efficient Sunday School teaching?
Or to put it in another way : Out of a possible six thousand graduates
from all these schools in any single year, in round numbers, four thou-
sand of them will have had a course in Sunday School teacher-training,

A New Door of Hope

From every cantonment, and from "over there," and from every
officer and white soldier comes unstinted praise for the loyalty, devotion
and self-sacrifice of our colored soldiers. A hundred thousand of them
are offering their lives because they believe in our institutions and love
our country. They are wedging open the door for justice and fair
chance and a reasonable recognition ; it is the privilege and the responsi-
bility of the rest of us to see to it that the new generations coming on
are so linked to the great heart of our Christ that they may enter into
this opened door.

This work, so generously supported through its five years of experi-
mental stage by Mr. W. N. Hartshorn, our honored ex-President, has
proved its importance not only to the Sunday School work and the
Kingdom of our God, but also in the development of a finer quahty of
Christian citizenship.

There are 34,000 Negro rural school teachers. About 4,000 of these
gather in thirty-one Summer Normal schools each summer for special
work, the term lasting from four to eight weeks. These rural school
teachers are expected to be leaders in the local rural Sunday School.
Through these four thousand teachers a quarter of a million rural boys
and girls may be reached for better Sunday Schools. These teachers
are eager for this help. One thousand dollars per year would make
it possible to reach every one of these rural school teachers each year.

A School of Methods

In 1913 at Knoxville and in 1916 at Atlanta was held special four-
day session of a school of methods for the teachers of the Sunday
School teacher-training classes in these several educational institutions.
These were faculty people and the inspiration and help derived from
those meetings made the classes under these teachers the most enthu-
siastic and successful, and such a school ought to be held every other
year at least.

It is a small edition, pocket size, if you please, of the great training
school at Lake Geneva. Through these faculty people we are able to
influence the life of from twenty to thirty thousand students. This
school can be carried through this year for less than one thousand
dollars.

WORK AMONG THE NEGROES 257

The time is now ripe for the setting up of the machinery for the
organized work among the Negroes. There are trained leaders in every
state. Nearly every southern State Association is ready to supervise
the work of a colored man to develop organized work.

TRAINING CLASSES HAVE GROWN

Sunday School teacher-training classes have grown in seven years
as follows :

1911-1912 — 150 students in 9 institutions.

1912-1913 — 541 students in 21 institutions.

1913-1914 — 1,683 students in 61 institutions.

1914-1915 — 1,978 students in ^2) institutions.

1915-1916 — 3,060 students in 100 institutions.

1916-1917 — 3,642 students in 142 institutions.

1917-1918 — 3,414 students in 160 institutions.

Schools were held in the following states : Alabama, 23 schools,
475 students; Arkansas, 4 schools, 22 students; District of Columbia,

2 schools, 57 students ; Delaware, i school, 20 students ; Florida, 10
schools, 97 students; Georgia, 20 schools, 414 students; Kansas, 2
schools, 2>Z students; Kentucky, 3 schools, 76 students; Louisiana,
5 schools, 36 students ; Mississippi, 7 schools, 185 students ; Missouri,

3 schools, 7 students; New Jersey, i school, 18 students; North Caro-
lina, 25 schools, 406 students ; Ohio, i school, 10 students ; Pennsylvania,
2 schools, 40 students ; South Carolina, 16 schools, 243 students ; Ten-
nessee, 13 schools, 238 students ; Texas, 6 schools, 275 students ; Vir-
ginia, 13 schools, 481 students; West Virginia, 3 schools, 267 students.

The absolute need of the work requires not less than $6,000 per
year. All of this must come from voluntary contributions. This is in
no way charity, it is an investment. Christian citizenship is the surest
guarantee of a safe community. The Sunday School is the most prac-
tical factor in character development.

Institutions where Sunday School teacher-training classes have been
organized, 176; curriculum credit is given in 74; total number enrolled
in Sunday School teacher-training classes in these institutions, 14,377;
of a possible 6,500 graduates each year from these schools, 4,000 have
had Sunday School teacher-training.

All educational institutions for Negroes in the United States, 653;
under public control, 28; under private control, 625; independent, 118;
denominational, 507; white boards, 354; colored boards, 153; permanent
investment, $34,224,555 ; annual expense, $3,990,071 ; denominational in-
vestment, $16,127,505; annual expense, $1,927,236.

17

CHAPTER XIII

CONVENTIONS OF OTHER YEARS

AT a conference of friends of Sunday Schools, held in Phila-
delphia during the anniversary of the American Sunday School
Union and the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church,
May 2S, 1832, thirteen states and two territories were represented. A
resolution was adopted recommending the superintendents and teachers
throughout the country convene to consider the duties and obligations
of officers of Sunday Schools, and the best plans of organizing, in-
structing and managing a Sunday School. A committee was appointed
to prepare lists of questions covering the Sunday School effort as
then understood, to be sent to Sunday School workers over the land.

First National Convention
The first national convention was held in New York, in Chatham
Street Chapel, October 3, 1832, as a result of the Philadelphia confer-
ence. Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, one of the emi-
nent men of the time, was chosen president, and 220 delegates were
present, representing fourteen of the twenty-four states and four
territories of the union. Among the topics considered were : "Infant
Sunday School Organization," "Qualifying Scholars to Become Teach-
ers," "Organization of County and other Unions," and "The Propriety
of Having More than One Session a Day."

Second National Convention
The second national convention, in Philadelphia, May 22, 1833, was
called too soon after the first to attract a large representation, and only
nine states sent delegates. Hon. Willard Hall, an eminent Delaware
jurist, was president of the convention. While the numbers were small,
the meeting seemed to be full of life and interest.

Third National Convention
More than a quarter of a century passed before the second national
convention was followed by another. Evidently the movement had not
taken root, nor did it do so with the third one, held in Philadelphia,
February 22-24, 1859. Seventeen states and the District of Columbia
were represented by delegates, and there was one visitor from Great
Britain. Ex-Gov. James Pollock was president, and H. Clay Trumbull

258

CONVENTIONS OF OTHER YEARS 259

of Connecticut, then just coming forward into the notice of the Sunday
School world, was one of the secretaries.

Fourth National Convention
At the national Sunday School convention in Newark, N. J., April
28, 1869, twenty-eight states and one territory were represented by 526
delegates, and there were visitors from Canada, England, Ireland, Scot-
land, Egypt and South Africa. Geo. H, Stuart of Pennsylvania pre-
sided. Rev. J. H. Vincent and B. F. Jacobs were associated with H.
Clay Trumbull as secretaries of the convention. The sessions were
characterized by extraordinary spiritual power. It was said by the
editor of the Sunday School Times that "never before had so many
Sunday School leaders of the land been brought face to face. Taken as
a whole, it was the most memorable Sunday School gathering ever
assembled in the United States, if not in the world. It was estimated
that there were over 2,500 visitors."

Fifth National Convention

The fifth national convention, at Indianapolis, April 16-19, 1872, was
destined to be epoch-making. There were 338 delegates present from
twenty-eight states and one territory. A tentative course of uniform
lessons which had been put out by publishers, though imperfect, proved
to be quite popular simply because of its uniformity. The sentiment in
favor of one lesson for all schools grew rapidly within the year, and
when the convention assembled, though there were doubts of its
feasibility and its desirability, after an impassioned address by B. F.
Jacobs, who had been the principal advocate of uniformity, the vote
was practically unanimous in favor of adopting the uniform course.
The first lesson committee was appointed to prepare a lesson course
to cover seven years. The inclusion of two Canadian brethren as
members of this committee made it impossible for the next convention
to be other than international. At this convention a national statistical
secretary was appointed. This innovation proved to be of great value
to the cause.

Sixth National Convention, First International

The sixth national and first International convention was held in
Baltimore, May 11-13, 1875. Rev. George A. Pelz of New Jersey was
president, and there were 463 delegates present. The report of the
Lesson Committee was inspiring in that it showed how extensively
the uniform lessons had been adopted by Sunday Schools of many
denominations. Twenty Canadian representatives participated in the
convention.

260 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Second International Convention
At the second International convention in Atlanta, Ga., April 17-19,
1878, Governor Colquitt of Georgia presided, and the most important
matter for discussion was the International lesson system. The dele-
gates seemed to have but one feeling, and that one of warm approval.
The main feature of this convention was the fellowship which it brought
about between the North and South.

Third International Convention
The third International convention met in Toronto, Canada, June
22-24, 1881, and Hon. S. H. Blake of Toronto presided. The special
feature of this convention was the inauguration of interdenominational
work undertaken by the International Executive Committee. This,
again, was the suggestion of the fertile brain of B. F. Jacobs, and
at this convention Mr. Jacobs began his long service as chairman of
the International Executive Committee, to continue until his death,
twenty-one years later. It was at this convention that the home class
work was first mentioned.

Fourth International Convention

Hon. Thomas W. Bicknell of Massachusetts presided at the fourth

International convention in Louisville, Ky., June 11-13, 1884. The

third lesson committee was appointed, and five persons were added

as corresponding members, four for Great Britain and one for France.

Fifth International Convention
Chicago entertained the convention of 1887, June 1-3; elected
William Reynolds of Illinois as president and later appointed him
"field superintendent," the first official organizer of the International
field. It was the first gathering of the kind at which the Home Depart-
ment was presented by its author. Mr. and Mrs. W. N. Hartshorn of
Massachusetts came into prominence at this convention, by reason of
their leadership in Primary work.

Sixth International Convention
The sixth International convention, at Pittsburgh, Pa., June 24-27,
1890, was instructive and inspiring. Hon. J. G. Harris of Alabama pre-
sided, and the convention, by resolution, placed its endorsement on
the Home Department. Action was taken looking forward to the
erection of a Sunday School building in connection with the World's
Fair at Chicago in 1893. The plan of having a quarterly temperance
lesson was approved by the convention.

CONVENTIONS OF OTHER YEARS 261

Seventh International Convention
The seventh International and the w^orld's second convention were
held jointly in St. Louis, August 30 to September 5, 1893. During this
time the field workers held their first conference. The emphasis of
the convention was laid upon state, county and township work, and
great impulse was given to systematized effort which aims to leave no
part of the field overlooked. The chief discussion was on the Interna-
tional lessons, and the system was approved in the heartiest kind of
endorsement. Topics discussed w:ere : 'The Sunday School and Its
Influence Among the Negroes in the South," "The Training of Teach-
ers," "Summer Schools," "Training Schools for Christian \\'orkers."
Hon. Lewis Miller of Ohio presided. At the world's convention, B.
F. Jacobs, chairman of the International Committee, was elected presi-
dent. The address of Rev. J. L. Phillips, M. D., Sunday School mis-
sionary in India, resulted in the creation of the "Japan Fund" and,
several years later, in the sending of Mr. Ikehara as the first Sunday
School secretary to Japan, which has now resulted in the organiza-
tion of the "Japan Sunday School Association," with a general secre-
tary on full time.

Eighth International Convention
The eighth International convention, Boston, Mass., June 23-26, 1896,
was notable in many directions. There were 1,063 delegates present,
the largest number in the history of the International conventions ;
the devotional leadership of D. L. Moody was a great inspiration ;
Bishop Vincent, who had been chairman of the Lesson Committee from
the beginning, in 1872, resigned, and Dr. John Potts of Toronto,
Canada, was appointed. The addresses of the convention were of an
unusually high order, and under the presidency of Samuel B. Capen
of Boston the convention reached a very high standard. At this con-
vention William Reynolds made his last report as Field Superintendent,
as he went to his reward before the next convention met.

Ninth International Convention
Atlanta, Ga., welcomed the convention of 1899, April 26-30, for the
second time. Hon. Hoke Smith of Georgia was chosen president.
The work was broadened by the election of IMarion Lawrance of Ohio
as general secretary; Prof. H. M. Hamill of Illinois as field secretary;
and L. B. Maxwell and Silas X. Floyd, both of Georgia, as workers
among the colored people. Mr. Jacobs, asking retirement from active
service as chairman of the executive committee, was made honorary

262 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

chairman for life, and Hon. John Wanamaker of Pennsylvania was
elected to succeed him. Mr. Wanamaker afterward declined the honor,
and Mr. Jacobs continued in service.

Tenth International Convention
The first session of the tenth International convention, at Denver,
Colo., June 26-30, 1902, v/as a memorial service commemorative of the
life, work and character of B. F. Jacobs, the acting chairman of
the International Executive Committee, who died three days before at
his home in Chicago. Rev. B. B. Tyler, D. D., of Denver, the second
clergyman in the history of the national or international work to be
so honored, was chosen president, and W. N. Hartshorn of Boston
was unanimously selected as the successor of Mr. Jacobs, chairman
of the Executive Committee. There were 1,168 delegates enrolled,
and they came from fifty-five states, provinces and territories. F. F.
Belsey, president of the British Sunday School Union, was a distin-
guished guest of the convention. The plan of lesson selection was
one of the great themes of the convention discussion, and the final
action of the convention was the adoption of a resolution "That at
this time we are not prepared to adopt a series of advanced lessons
to take the place of the uniform lessons in the adult grades of the
Sunday School."

Eleventh International Convention
The eleventh convention was held in Toronto, Canada, June 23-27,
1905. Sixty states, territories and provinces were represented, and the
enrollment of delegates was 1,958.

At this gathering the name of the body was changed from "The
International Sunday School Convention" to "The International Sun-
day School Association," and a resolution was adopted to incorporate
the Association and establish headquarters. This convention was
especially signalized by instructing the Lesson Committee to prepare
an advanced course of lessons in addition to the uniform lessons and
the Beginners' course. On the submission of the question to the con-
vention, the vote stood 617 for and 601 against the substitute motion
that the Lesson Committee continue the system as then existing, but
when it was found that the advanced course was desired by so large
a minority, the vote was reconsidered and the recommendation of the
Lesson Committee favoring the advanced course was unanimously
adopted. Justice J. J. Maclaren, of the Court of Appeal, Ontario, was
the presiding officer.

CONVENTIONS OF OTHER YEARS 263

Twelfth International Convention

Louisville, Ky., June i8 to 23, 1908, entertained the twelfth con-
vention. Some of the sessions had five thousand in attendance. The
convention opened with a fitting memorial service to Dr. John Potts,
who died October 16, 1907. He had been twenty-five years a member
of the Lesson Committee and eleven years its chairman. Hon. John
Stites of Louisville presided at the convention. The reports from all
departments showed great advance, and the general note of the con-
vention was one of optimism and encouragement. The Lesson Com-
mittee reported that while the uniform lessons should be continued for
the great number of schools that desired to use them, nevertheless
there was a great demand for a thoroughly graded course of lessons.
The action of the convention covering this matter was : "That this
convention instruct the Lesson Committee to continue the work of
arranging and issuing the uniform lessons as heretofore, and that this
convention authorize its Lesson Committee also to continue the prepara-
tion of a thoroughly graded course of lessons, which may be used by
any Sunday School which desires it."

Thirteenth International Convention
At San Francisco, Cal., June 20-27, 191 1, the motto of the conven-
tion was "The Open Bible and the Uplifted Cross." Rev. J. Wilbur
Chapman, D. D., delivered daily devotional addresses. The opening
day was devoted to home missions ; 567 Chinese, Japanese and Koreans
participated in the exercises. On the fourth day nearly 10,000 Sunday
School men paraded, each carrying a Bible furnished by the Gideons.
A magnificent portrait of the late William Reynolds, first field super-
intendent of the association, was presented to the convention by H.
J. Heinz. All departments of Sunday School work were discussed by
experts in set addresses and at departmental conferences. The Men
and Religion Forward Movement was warmly commended, and two
Sunday School experts were appointed to work in connection with it.
An emphatic stand was taken in favor of having the Bible in the public
schools ; a demand for uniform divorce laws was also voiced ; and a
ringing note was uttered in behalf of international arbitration. The
convention gave evidence of a greatly increased interest in both
denominational and interdenominational Sunday School work. It was
also seen that a new era had been entered upon in Sunday School
journalism, many of the states and provinces having periodicals and so
syndicating their publications as to reduce cost, increase space and
secure wider information. From every point of view this convention

264 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

marked the close of the most successful triennium the International
Sunday School Association had ever known.

Fourteenth International Convention

The Chicago convention, June 23-30, 1914, will be remembered as
the one at which the Association adopted resolutions broadening the
basis of membership of the Lesson Commitee so that authority did not
rest entirely with the International Association. On recommendation
of the Executive Committee, the Lesson Committee after this meeting
was composed of eight members appointed by the Association, an
equal number by the Sunday School Council of Evangelical Denom-
inations and one member from each denomination in the Sunday
School Council having a lesson committee. In variety of program and
number of speakers this convention excelled all previous meetings.
It recorded the founding at Conference Point, Lake Geneva, in 1912,
of a training school for Sunday School workers with a four years'
course for ten days during July by a faculty of Sunday School spe-
cialists. The establishment of the Secondary Division in charge of a
competent superintendent was also accomplished during the triennium.
It was ordered that hereafter conventions be held every four years
instead of every three.

Fifteenth International Convention

Sudden increase in railway fares just before the opening of the
convention in Buffalo, June 19-25, 1918, interfered to some extent with
the attendance, although the registration numbered over 2,000. Report
was made of the efforts the Association had made to reinforce the Gov-
ernment during the war, and extensive programs were announced to
fill the ranks of workers depleted by needs of war service. Marion
Lawrance, general secretary, proposed a plan for a skyscraper as the
home of the International Association and allied organizations in Chi-
cago. Announcement was made of the organization since the last
convention of all the growing work of the Association into three
departments of education, field and business with competent commit-
tees and paid superintendents. For the first time in many years all
bills of the Association were paid. During the preceding four years
there was received for the work $341,361. Go-to-Sunday-School Day
for the last Sunday in October annually was recommended. This con-
vention will probably be remembered best for the proposals made by
Prof. W. S. Athearn that adequate religious instruction should be
given children on week days by the community.

CHAPTER XIV

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
AND BY-LAWS

Revised and Adopted by the International Convention at Buffalo,

June 21, 1918

ACT OF CONGRESS

(Public No. 42)
Charter. An Act to Incorporate the International Sunday School
Association of America.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled, That William
N. Hartshorn, of Boston, Massachusetts; Honorable J. J. Maclaren,
of Toronto, Canada; Marion Lawrance, of Toledo, Ohio; George W.
Bailey, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; A. B. McCrillis, of Provi-
dence, Rhode Island; H. J. Heinz, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
H, H. Hamill, of Nashville, Tennessee; E. R. Machum, of Saint
John, Nev^ Brunswick; W. A, Eudaly, of Cincinnati, Ohio; F. A.
Wells, of Chicago, Illinois; G. G. Wallace, of Omaha, Nebraska;
G. W. Watts, of Durham, North Carolina; E. K. Warren, of Three
Oaks, Michigan; John Stites, of Louisville, Kentucky; Honorable
W. D. Wood, of Seattle, Washington; and Seth P. Leet, of
Montreal, Province of Quebec, and their associates and successors,
are created a body corporate in the District of Columbia under the
name of The International Sunday School Association, and as such
shall have power to contract and be contracted with,^ sue and be
sued; to take and hold real estate not exceeding one million dollars
in value in the aggregate or personal estate by purchase, gift,
devise, or bequest, and to manage, sell or convey, or transfer
same for the purposes of the Association; to have perpetual suc-
cession; to have a common seal, and to break, alter, or change the
same at will.

Sec. 2. That the purpose of the Association shall be to promote
organized Sunday School work, to encourage the study of the Bible,
and to assist in the spread of Christian religion.

Sec. 3. That the members of the Executive Committee of the
International Sunday School Association, as it may be constituted
by said Association, shall be the members of this Association.

Sec. 4. That the affairs of the Association shall be managed by
the members. It may by by-laws provide for a board of not less
than fifteen trustees, who shall be elected annually, to act between
meetings of the Association, whose duties and powers shall be pre-
scribed in said by-laws. Until the members of this Association
meet and elect trustees, the persons named as incorporators herein

265

266 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

shall constitute the Board of Trustees: Provided, That a majority
of said trustees shall at all times be citizens of the United States.

Sec. 5. That the officers of the Association shall be a chairman,
one or more vice-chairmen, a secretary, and a treasurer, with such
other officers, employes, and committees as the Association shall
choose, who shall hold their respective offices, appointments,^ or
employments as may be provided in the by-laws of the Association.

Sec. 6. That the Association may adopt and change at will
such rules and by-laws as it deems proper for its government and
control not in conflict with this charter, the Constitution of the
United States of America, the provinces and territories of the
Dominion of Canada, or any state, territory, province, county, or
district in which such rule or by-law is sought to be enforced, and
shall provide the time of meetings and the number necessary to
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and how votes
of members shall be cast.

Sec. 7. That the Association shall have no capital stock, and
the private property of its members shall not be subject to its
corporate debts.

Sec. 8. That the Association's principal place of business shall
be Washington, District of Columbia. Meetings of the Association
and its trustees may be held at any point that may be fixed by the
by-laws or by order of the Board of Trustees or in any call for a
meeting issued as may be authorized in the by-laws.

Sec. 9. The right to alter, amend or repeal this Act is reserved.

Approved January 31, 1907.

BY-LAWS

Adopted by the International Convention 1914. Revised by the

International Convention 19 18

ARTICLE I. Name — This organization shall be known as the
International Sunday School Association, and shall be interde-
nominational.

ARTICLE II. Declaration — It is the purpose and aim of these
by-laws to be in conformity with and subject to the Act of Congress
of the United States of America, passed January 31, A. D.^ 1907,
legalizing by charter the International Sunday School Association.
See Sec. i of the Act of Incorporation.

ARTICLE III. Sec. i. Objects— The objects of this Associa-
tion shall be the same as are expressed in the Charter of Incorpora-
tion, these by-laws and such amendments thereto as may hereafter
be made when in conformity therewith.

Sec. 2. Convention — The quadrennial Convention shall be a
delegated body, made up of delegates chosen by the various Inter-
denominational Sunday School Associations affiliating therewith,
and delegates-at-large chosen by the International Executive Com-
mittee.

Sec. 3. Authority — The quadrennial Convention is the supreme
authority in all matters pertaining to the policy of the Association.

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWS 267

Sec. 4. Powers — The powers conferred upon the Executive
Committee by charter and by-laws or by the quadrennial Conven-
tion are executive only.

ARTICLE IV. Membership— The membership of the Execu-
tive Committee of the International Sunday School Association
shall be constituted as follows:

Sec. I. Officers — The Convention officers, consisting of the
president, seven vice-presidents, recording secretary, assistant
recording secretary, treasurer, and assistant treasurer.

Sec. 2. Representatives — One person or his or her alternate
representing and nominated by each state, district, provincial, terri-
torial, and national Interdenominational Sunday School Associa-
tion, recognized as affiliating herewith and having a Sunday School
enrollment of five hundred thousand (Canada, two hundred and
fifty thousand) or less, and for every additional five hundred thou-
sand (Canada, two hundred and fifty thousand) or major portion
thereof one additional person may be elected. Proxies or proxy
votes shall not be recognized.

Sec. 3. At Large — Persons, not exceeding twelve in number,
nominated by the Board of Trustees,^ chosen because of special
fitness for membership in the Executive Committee, irrespective
of denominational or geographical relationship, may be elected.

Sec. 4. Colored — Three colored men, chosen by the Convention
to represent the Colored Interdenominational Sunday School Asso-
ciations of America.

^ Sec. 5. District Presidents — A president for each of the dis-
tricts into which the field of the Association is or may be divided,
who shall be elected to such office on the joint nomination of the
Executive Committeemen and state or provincial general secre-
taries or superintendents of the states or provinces comprising
the districts, and shall become members, ex-officio, of the Executive
Committee.

Sec. 6. Sub-Committee Chairrnan — The chairmen of all depart-
mental and divisional sub-committees of the Executive, unless
already members, shall be ex-officio members of the Executive
Committee.

Sec. 7. Life Members — The retiring president of each Interna-
tional Convention and the retiring chairman of each Executive
Committee, and members of the Executive Committee who have
served twenty-one consecutive years, shall be members for life of
the Executive Committee.

Sec. 8. Honorary — The Executive Committee shall have power
at its discretion to elect persons who have given the Association
long and valuable service, members for life of the Executive Com-
mittee, when recommended by the Board of Trustees.

Sec. 9. Executive Committee — The officers and representatives
designated in Sees, i to 8, inclusive, of Article IV, when elected
and when they have qualified as hereinafter provided, shall consti-

268 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

tute the Executive Committee of the International Sunday School
Association. See Sec. 3 of the Act of Incorporation.

ARTICLE V. Sec. i. Eligibility— The members of the Execu-
tive Committee should be persons who have had some previous
experience in organized Interdenominational Sunday School work.
The state or provincial representatives should, preferably, be mem-
bers of the Executive Committees of their respective state or
provincial associations.

Sec. 2. Non-Salary — No_ salaried representative of the Interna-
tional Sunday School Association or any of its auxiliaries, or of any
Sunday School society, board or committee shall be eligible to
membership upon the Executive Committee.

Sec. 3. Qualifying and Non-Attendance — The members-elect of
the Executive Cornmittee shall qualify by indicating in writing their
acceptance of their election. Absence from two regular meetings
during the quadrennium. without furnishing reasons satisfactory
to^ the Committee, or without being represented by an alternate,
will render the office vacant.

ARTICLE VI. Sec. i. Nominating Committee— At each Inter-
national Convention a nominating committee, which shall be com-
posed of one person frorn each state, district, provincial, territorial
and national Interdenominational Sunday School Association rec-
ognized as affiliating herewith, the same having been previously
named for this purpose by such Association, shall be appointed by
the president.

Sec. 2. Election — The Nominating Committee shall convene at
a time and place fixed by the President of the Convention and pro-
ceed to report to the Convention the names of suitable persons to
fill the several offices indicated in vSecs. t, 2 and 4 of Article IV,
all of whom when elected by the Convention, and when they have
qualified, shall become and remain members of the Executive Com-
mittee until their successors are elected.

Sec. 3. Vacancies — The Executive Committee shall have power
to declare vacancies in cases where in its iudgment, members have
not manifested due interest (see Article V, Sec. 3), also, between
conventions to fill all vacancies in its own membership, but when
any such vacancy occurs in that class of the membership provided
for in Sec. 2 of Article IV of these bv-laws, it shall be filled upon
the nominntion of the Association in whose representation the
vacancy exists.

Sec. 4. Life Members — The Executive Committee shall have
power to fix the amount of a subscriotion, gift or bequest, which
when paid will entitle the donor or person desi.gnated by the donor
to the Drivilejres of a regularly apDointed delegate to all Interna-
tional Cnn-^'-entirins with the title of Life Member of the Association.

ARTICLE VII. Sec. i. Orgamzation— The Executive Com-
mittee shall convene at the call of the president of the Convention
and organize by electing a chairman, two vice-chairmen, and a
secretar3^ The treasurer shall be the same as the treasurer of the
Convention.

E. O. EXCELL

Treasurer International Sunday School Association

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWS 269

Sec. 2. Quorum^Twenty-five members of the Executive Com-
mittee shall be required to constitute a quorum for the transaction
of business, provided no amendments to these by-laws shall be
recommended with less than a majority of two-thirds of the mem-
bers present, and in no event with less than twenty affirmative
votes, and confirmation by the Convention. (See Article XV.)

ARTICLE VIII. Sec. i. Meetings— The Executive Commit-
tee shall hold at least one regular meeting each year at such time
and place as it may have previously determined, failing in which it
shall meet at the call of the chairman.

Sec. 2. Special — The chairman may call special meetings of the
Executive Committee with the consent of or at the direction of a
majority of the Board of Trustees.

Sec. 3. Docket — The chairman, secretary, and general secretary
shall jointly prepare a docket of the business to come before the
regular meetings of the Executive Committee and submit the same
to each member of the committee at least ten days prior to the
time fixed for meetings.

Sec. 4. Urgent Business. Urgent business not included in the
docket provided for in Sec. 3, and not calling for an amendment to
these by-laws, may be considered by unanimous vote of the mem-
bers present at any regular or special meeting.

Sec. 5. International Convention — The Executive Committee
shall recommend to the Convention the place for holding the Inter-
national Sunday School Convention and shall fix the time, and,
directly or through special committees, prepare the programs, and
make the plans and arrangements necessary to the proper conduct
of the same.

ARTICLE IX. Sec. i. Lesson Committee— The section of the
International Sunday School Lesson Committee elected by the In-
ternational Sunday School Convention shall consist of eight mem-
bers, four of whom shall be elected, upon nomination of the Execu-
tive Committee, at each quadrennial convention, for terms of eight
years.

Sec. 2. Duties — It shall be the duty of the Lesson Committee,
provided for in Sec. i, in conjunction with the section of the Lesson
Committee elected by the Sunday School Council of Evangelical
Denominations and the section elected by the Denominations, to
construct lesson courses, to be submitted to the various denomina-
tions, subject to such revision and modification as each denomina-
tion may desire to make, in order to adapt the courses to its owm
denominational needs.

Sec. 3. Majority Approval — No lesson course shall be promul-
gated or discontinued by the Lesson Committee, provided for in
Sec. I, unless the action is approved by a majority of all the mem-
bers of each section.

Sec. 4. Vacancies — The Executive Committee shall have power
to fill all vacancies on the International Convention section of the
Lesson Committee between quadrennial conventions.

Sec. 5. Reports — It shall be the duty of the section of the

270 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Lesson Committee elected by the International Sunday School
Convention to make a full report to each quadrennial convention,
and to the annual meeting of the Executive Committee, also a
report of travel and expenses, including requisitions, to the Board
of Trustees.

ARTICLE X. Sec. i. Executive Authority— The Executive
Committee shall determine all questions pertaining to the adminis-
tration of the Association in any manner not inconsistent with these
by-laws or the Articles of Incorporation.

Sec. 2. Workers — The Executive Committee shall elect the
general secretary, assistant secretaries, field workers and superin-
tendents for terms not to exceed three years, shall fix their salaries
and define the general policy governing them.

Sec. 3. Departments — The Executive Committee shall create
and maintain all departmental and divisional work and appoint all
departmental and divisional committees at such time and in such
manner as to it seems best.

Sec. 4. Reference and Counsel — The Executive Committee shall
appoint from its members a standing committee on reference and
counsel, composed of seven, the duty of which committee shall be
to confer with other bodies of their representatives desiring counsel
and conference with this Association.

ARTICLE XL Sec. i. Board of Trustees, Election— The
Executive Committee shall at each annual meeting elect from its
members a board of not less than fifteen trustees, including the
chairman, secretary and treasurer, of the Executive Committee, for
a term of one year or until their successors are elected.

Sec. 2. General Powers — The Board of Trustees, during the
interim between the meetings of the Executive Committee, shall
have such powers and shall perform such duties of the Executive
Committee as are in accord with its defined policy, and with these
by-laws and the Articles of Incorporation.

Sec. 3. References — The Executive Committee may at any time
make references, with or without power, to the Board of Trustees,
as may to it seem most expedient.

ARTICLE XII. Sec. i. Organization— The Board of Trustees
shall organize by electing from its members a chairman, a vice-
chairman, and a secretary. Its treasurer shall be the same as the
treasurer of the Association.

Sec. 2. Quorum — Five members of the Board of Trustees shall
constitute a quorum, provided that each member shall have had at
least ten days' notice of the time and place of regular or called
meetings, and that no business shall be transacted without five
affirmative votes.

Sec. 3. Meetings — The Board of Trustees shall hold at least
two regular meetings each year, at such time and place as it may
have previously determined, or, if not so determined, at the call of
its chairman.

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWS 271

Sec. 4. Finances — The Board of Trustees shall be charged with
the financial affairs of the Association, including the raising and
disbursing of all money and the auditing of all bills.

Sec. 5. Workers — The Board of Trustees shall have super-
vision of the work of the general and assistant secretaries, field
workers and superintendents, and of all permanent or special com-
mittees.

Sec. 6. Offices and Supplies — The Board of Trustees shall pro-
vide and maintain the necessary offices, office force, stationery and
supplies, including all printed matter, either general or special, for
sale or free distribution, either directly or otherwise.

Sec. 7. Lesson Committee — The Board of Trustees shall pro-
vide and maintain for the use of the International Section of the
Lesson Committee a suitable office, secretarial force, stationery
and supplies, and also provide for its necessary traveling expenses.

Sec. 8. Rules — The Board of Trustees may provide rules for its
own government not inconsistent with the policy or by-laws of this
Association, and alter or amend the same at will.

ARTICLE XIII. Sec. i. Treasurer— The treasurer shall re-
ceive and have charge of all moneys, gifts, bequests or investments
belonging to the Association, and shall deposit, pay out, or invest
the same as directed by the Board of Trustees.

Sec. 2. Bond — The treasurer shall give a bonding company's
bond for the faithful discharge of his duty to the satisfaction of the
Board of Trustees. The expense of said bond shall be paid by the
Association.

ARTICLE XIV. Parliamentary— The duties of the officers of
the Convention, pf the Executive Committee and of the Board of
Trustees, in addition to those specified herein, together with the
parliamentary practice to be observed, shall be such as are cus-
tomary in like bodies.

ARTICLE XV. Amendments — These by-laws may be amended
or altered by the Convention, upon recommendation of the Execu-
tive Committee adopted at a regular meeting of that Committee, at
which not less than twenty-five members were present and voting,
with at least twenty votes in favor of the proposed amendment.
(See Article VII, Sec. 2.)

FORM OF BEQUEST
I give and bequeath to the International Sunday School Asso-
ciation the sum of Dollars to be

invested as directed by the Board of Trustees and used in the
promotion of the work of said Association, and the receipt of
the Treasurer of said Association shall be a sufficient discharge to
my executors for the same.

Signed [Seal]

Witness [Seal]

CHAPTER XV

THE ASSOCIATION FINANCES

REPORT TO THE CONVENTION OF TREASURER FOR

THE QUADRENNIUM JUNE i, 1914-MAY 31, 1918

By E. O. Excell,

Treasurer, International Sunday School Association

SEPTEMBER 15, 1916, through the death of K H. Nichols, the
Sunday School cause lost one of the greatest men who was ever
enlisted under the banner of the International Association. At
the Chicago Convention, in 1914, Mr. Nichols was elected treasurer of
the Association. His life had been so full of activity and accomplish-
ment that it was hard to realize that he had gone.

At the meeting of the Board of Trustees in Chicago the following
February, your present treasurer was elected to fill the place made
vacant through the death of Mr. Nichols.

Receipts and Disbursements

The treasury department has been a busy place. In the four years
covered by our report, more than 15,000 receipts have been issued,
covering as many separate remittances and totalling $341,434.51. In the
same period of time, 2,924 expenditures have been made, amounting
to $340,235.60.

In addition to the handling of receipts and disbursements, it has been
necessary to secure about one-third of the total budget in new sub-
scriptions, and this has been especially difficult during the past year
because of the many war appeals and because of the postponement of
our convention, necessitating request for a renewal of all three-year
subscriptions previously made at the Chicago Convention.

Looking back over our treasurers' reports it is interesting to note
that at the Toronto Convention, in 1905, Dr. Bailey reported "275 per-
sonal church and school pledges," while at the present time the Inter-
national Association deals annually with more than 5,000 pledges toward
the support of its work.

As a part of my report, I wish to hereby publicly, and with gratitude,
acknowledge the following gifts from state and provincial associations,
many of which have been sent at great sacrifice to the officials of these
organizations :

272

THE ASSOCIATION FINANCES

273

Association

Alabama $1,300.00

Alaska 100.00

Arizona 422.88

California (N).. 600.00

Colorado 1.333-33

Cuba 100.00

Connecticut .... 400.00

Delaware 480.00

Dist. of Col 600.00

Georgia 900.00

Hawaii 125.00

Idaho 200.00

Illinois 6,000.00

Indiana 2,000.00

Iowa 800.00

Kentucky 1,100.00

Louisiana 1,333-32

Kansas 2,000.00

Maine ^ . . . 600.00

JMaryland 300.00

Massachusetts... 2,000.00

Michigan 2,000.00

Minnesota 4,000.00

Missouri 1,800.00

New Jersey 2,600.00

Newfoundland.. 100.00
New Brunswick

& P. E. 1 500.00

New Hampshire. 600.00

New Mexico. . . . .400.00

New York 4,125.00

North Dakota. . . 800.00

Nova Scotia 800.00

Ohio 5,600.00

Oklahoma ^ 533.34

Ontario 3.000.00

Oregon 450.00

Panama 20.00

Pennsylvania .... 5,200.00

Rhode Island... 400.00

Saskatchewan... 200.00

South Carolina.. 500.00

South Dakota.. 450.00

Tennessee 400.00

Trinidad 45-00

Vermont 400.00

Utah 200.00

Virginia 800.00

Washington (E) 1,000.00

West Virginia... i, 333-34
18

Secretary
Leon C. Palmer
A. Stevenson
Rev. E. D. Raley

C. R. Fisher

A. T. Albertson
Sylvester Jones
Wallace I. Woodin
Rev. T. D. Preston
Dr. L. A. Sadler

D. W. Sims
H. P. Judd

Mrs. S. W. Ormsby

Charles E. Schenck

G. N. Burnie

\V. D. Stem

Rev. Geo. A. Joplin

Van Carter

J. H. Engle

W. J. Weir

Dr. E. M. Fergusson

H. S. Conant

Prof. F. S. Goodrich

A. M. Locker

Herman Bowmar

I. B. Burgess

Rev. T. B. Darby

Rev. \A^m. A. Ross
Mrs. N. T. Ilendrick
Rev. E. D. Raley
Dr. Joseph Clark
J. C. Garrison
Miss B. H. Blakeney
Arthur T. Arnold
C. H. Nichols

E. W. Halpenny
Rev. H. F. Humbert
E. M. Foster

W. G. Landes
Rev. W. H. Easton
Rev. J. W. Little
Rev. R. D. Webb
G. W. Miller
Joseph Carthel

Rev. Chas. A. Boyd
Miss Erna B. Perry
J. C. Diggs
E. C. Knapp
Walter A. Snow

Treasurer
Michael Cody
Miss M. Brown
Clarence R. Chaig
F. Blanchard
A. F. Littloh
Rev. H. S. Smith
Wm. A. Bridge
W. J. Corkindale
J. Lichliter
J. Wellborn
Geo. Castle
Dr. H. Holverson
Dr. S. A. Wilson
C. Dearborn
Marion D. Words
Clarence Watkins
Jos. R. Meyers
R. M. White
Ozmen Adams
R. G. Mowbray
R. D. Donaldson
E. K. Mohr
A. C. Hermann
L. F. Smith
E. W. Dunham

Robert Reid

Edwin Morey

W. H. Chrisman

Dr. A. F. Schauffler

M. Cassell

H. O. C. Baker

E. L. Barrett

A. Kingkade

W. Austin

R. N. Parks

E. M. Foster

H. E. Paisley

W. H. Worrall

H. A. Couse

S. F. Reid

M. D. Whisman

S. H. Orr

C. J. McCutcheon

W. H. Wood

L. H. Page

L. R. Spencer

C. E. Brown

E. W. James

274

FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Additional Gifts from Associations Not Completing Their
Quadrennial Pledges

Arkansas

.$ 50.00

Frank L. James

A. J. Wilson

California (S) .

. 750.00

Dr. W. A. Phillips

Geo. F. Guy

Florida

. 275.00

Chas. A. Hoyt

Manitoba

460.00

R. 0. Armstrong

A. Ruesdale

Mississippi

182.44

W. Fred Long

Z. D. Davis

Nebraska

. 1,472.98

Margaret E. Brown

L. C. Oberlies

Nevada

. 150.00

Paul L. Ross

Miles E. North

North Carolina.

. 150.00

Rev. J. W. Long

W. M. Combs

Quebec

600.00

Rev. G. H. Baker

Geo. Hodge, Jr.

Wash. (W)....

. 85.00

Walter C. Moore

Clifford Wiley

Wisconsin

100.00

J. L. Rogers

S. F. Shattuck

Wyoming

50.00

D. R. Kinports

W. H. Whipple

War Time Work
I desire to acknowledge also the special war time work gifts which
have been received from associations, as follows :

New York $1,085.00

Pennsylvania 888.05

Kansas 600.00

District of Columbia.... 403.00

New Jersey 368.55

Kentucky 218.38

Maine 200.00

Minnesota 166.21

Ohio 162.88

Rhode Island 150.00

Vermont 133.00

Maryland $ 122.70

Wisconsin
Delaware ....

Michigan

Oklahoma . . .
South Dakota

Nevada

West Virginia

112.42
100.00
100.00
100.00

63-31
26.65
11.00

Total $5,011.15

Nova Scotia Fund
Likewise it is a pleasure to acknowledge the following gifts from
associations toward the work in Nova Scotia, which were sent in
response to an appeal from our Nova Scotia committee after the
Halifax disaster :

Colorado $ 50.00

Connecticut 50.00

Indiana 100.00

International 500.00

Iowa . . . .
Kansas .
Louisiana
Michigan
Missouri

50.00
100.00
25.00
70.00
110.00

Nebraska $ 50.00

New Jersey 50.00

North California 25.00

North Dakota 25.00

Pennsylvania 200.00

West Virginia 25.00

Total $1,830.00

For nearly two years the International Association has encouraged
the system of tithing, i. e., the sending of ten per cent of gifts given

THE ASSOCIATION FINANCES 275

state and provincial associations to the International treasury for the
continental work. The following associations have met this standard:
Alaska District of Columbia Minnesota Ohio

Arizona Hawaii Nevada Utah

Colorado Illinois New Jersey Newfoundland

Cuba Kansas New Mexico

Delaware Michigan New York

(Note — Nebraska is in the tithing class, but has not yet completed
its payments.)

The following definition of a tithing association was authorized
by the Executive Committee, February 14, 1918 : A State or Provincial
Association will be recognized by the International Association at
the Buffalo Convention as a "Tithing Association," provided:

(i) That it includes one-tenth of its gross income for the year
June I, 1917-May 31, 1918, in its annual gift to the International
work, with the following possible exemptions:

a. Receipts to apply on entertainment of annual convention.

b. Receipts on traveling expense account.

c. Receipts from supply accounts.

d. Subscriptions to Association paper.

(In other words, all cash or pledges contributed without material
return.)

(2) That in addition to its tithe for the current year, its pledge
for the first three years of the present quadrennium be paid in full,
as agreed at the Chicago Convention.

It is understood that all special gifts, as well as regular subscrip-
tions, will apply on an associations' tithe, provided they have passed
through the International treasury for proper credit.

It is a pleasure to report the co-operation during the past two
years of the following publishers in the matter of the budget for the
International members of the Lesson Committee: Denominational —
American Baptist Publication Society, Philadelphia, Pa.; Brethren
Publishing House, Elgin, 111.; Christian Publishing Association, Cleve-
land, Ohio; Congregational Sunday School and Publishing Society,
Boston, Mass. ; Eden Publishing House, St. Louis, Mo. ; Free Methodist
Pubhshing House, Chicago, III; Lutheran Publication Society, Phila-
delphia, Pa.; Methodist Book and Publishing House, Toronto, Ont. ;
Methodist Protestant Board of Publication, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Presby-
terian Board of Publication and Sabbath School Work, Philadelphia,
Pa.; Publication and Sunday School Board of the Reformed Church,
Philadelphia, Pa.; Southern Presbyterian Committee of Publication,
Richmond, Va. ; United Presbyterian Board of Publication, Pitts-
burgh, Pa.

276 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Independent — American Sunday School Union, Philadelphia, Pa. ;
F. M. Barton, Cleveland, Ohio ; Robert Harding Company, Richmond,
Va. ; Thomas Nelson & Sons, New York, N. Y. ; Providence Lithograph
Company, Providence, R. I. ; Fleming H. Revell Company, New York ;
Standard Publishing Company, Cincinnati, Ohio ; Sunday School
Times Company, Philadelphia, Pa. ; W. A. Wilde Company, Boston,
Mass.

Large Gifts — Including John's

I feel that special mention should be made of Messrs. William H.
Danforth, Edward K. Warren, David C. Cook, H. J. Fleinz, W. N.
Hartshorn and others, all of whom have been liberal to the Inter-
national Association in the matter of giving life memberships for
the support of its work.

And then I am thinking of some other "large" gifts, such, for
instance, as the one from John Verner Early of Oklahoma City, a
lad 9 years of age who subscribed $5 annually for three years toward
the International work, and sold his pet rabbits to cover the last pay-
ment on his pledge.

Many special gifts have been made to the International Training
School, which will be reported at the proper time. Among these was
a bequest from our previous treasurer, E. H. Nichols, who left in his
will $10,000 for the work of the training school and $2,500 for the
general budget of the Association. It is with deep appreciation that
we report also a bequest of $1,000 from Miss Mary J. Wilson of St.
Louis. It is our thought that in the future, as funds of this nature
are left to the Association, they should be laid aside for the permanent
building and endowment fund.

And Money in the Bank

For many years the treasury department has been carrying a
heavy load and has been obliged to pay interest almost constantly
on from $5,000 to $15,000 borrowed from the bank. On September
26, 1914, we were laboring under a deficit of $19,778.39- In September,
1916, our deficit had been reduced to $18,207.17. Last year it was
about $14,000.

I am happy to report that our auditor's statement shows all notes
paid at the bank, cash in the treasury to cover all trust fund liabilities,
cash in the bank to cover all other liabilities and a surplus of $3, 171 -93
on hand to carry forward into the new quadrennium. This is the first
report of this kind which the Association has been able to render in
more than ten years.

THE ASSOCIATION FINANCES

277

I wish at this time, as treasurer of the Association, in behalf of
our Board of Trustees and Executive Committee, to extend our deepest
appreciation to each and every contributor to this victory.

Statement of Condition May 31, 1918

Assets

Building fund :

U. S. Liberty Loan bonds $ 500.00

National City Bank 3,021.15

Merchandise inventories

Accounts receivable — Merchandise 951-33

Accounts receivable — Contributions 3,805.02

Cash : Office fund 50.00

National City Bank 4,(^3.58

Liabilities

Accounts payable

Accrued salaries

Fund balances :

Buffalo convention $3,576.95

General fund 3,i7i-93

Older boys' and girls' scholarship fund.... 509.75

Training school scholarship fund 51.01

Negro training school fund 462.90

War time work 2,986. 1 1

Reserve for doubtful accounts.

Combined Income Account

■Balance
June 1,

1914 Receipts

General fund *$i3, 105.79 192,708.29

Training school 1,666.65 4,603.09

Adult division 11,098.32

Visitation department 10,111.27

Work among the negroes.. 14,326.52

Secondary division 5,455-37 28,474.25

Training sch'l sch'ship f'nd 53-00 73.01
Older boys' and girls' schol-
arship fund 292.15 509.75

Buffalo convention fund... 5,040.00

War time work 4,812.15

Negro training school fund 462.90

$3,521.15
1,806.06

4,756.34

4,113-58
$14,197.14

$2,849-55
418.62

10,758.65

170.32

$14,197.14

Disburse-
ments

176,430.57

11,591-73
11,241.28

17,148-77

14,159.49

37,139-98

75.00

Balance

May 31,

1918

3,171-93

*5,32i.99

* 142.96

*7,o37-5o

167.03

*3, 210.36

51.01

292.15 509-75

1,463-05 3,576.95

1,826.04 2,986.11

462.90

♦Deficit

CHAPTER XVI

THE OFFICIAL MINUTES

Wednesday Morning

PROMPTLY at lo o'clock, President Edward K. Warren called
to worship the Fifteenth International Sunday School Convention,
using the Scripture sentences printed on the program. Chorister
Excell led in the Doxology; Dr. Joseph Clark of New York offered the
convention prayer prepared by Rev. J. H. Jowett, D. D., and the con-
vention sang, "Jesus Shall Reign Where'er the Sun."

After the official delegates had been called to the platform and
welcomed, President Warren read his opening message. (See page
10.)

Fred A, Wells, chairman of the Executive Committee, moved the
following, which was adopted :

"Moved, that all resolutions presented to this convention shall be
passed to the Committee on Resolutions and Findings without discus-
sion."

The General Secretary, Marion Lawrance, read and the convention
completed, the list of names of the nominating committee, as follows :

Alberta, Dr. Buchanan; Alabama, Leon C. Palmer; Arizona, Albert
H. Gerwig; Arkansas, Frank L. James; California (N.), Charles R.
Fisher; California (S.), Rev. C. R. Hudson; Colorado, W. W. Wolf;
Connecticut, Oscar A. Phelps; Cuba, Sylvester Jones; Delaware, L. M.
Price; Florida, J. O. Webb; Georgia, D. W. Sims; Idaho, Mrs. L. M.
Ormsby; Illinois, Dr. S. A. Wilson; Indiana, E. H. Hasemier; Kansas,
John H. Engle; Kentucky, W. J. Vaughan ; Maine, Thomas Varney;
Manitoba, Staff Capt. George W. Peacock; Maryland, Rev. William O.
Hurst; Massachusetts, David R. Donaldson; Michigan, Hon. A.
LaHuis; Minnesota, W. H. Schilling; Mississippi, P. H. Edgar; Mon-
tana, Laura E. Junk ; Nebraska, H. J. Langley ; New Brunswick,
W^illiam Kingston ; Prince Edward Island, Dr. D. Darrach ; Newfound-
land, Rev. W. Henry Thomas ; New Hampshire, Rev. James M. Gage ;
New Jersey, George E. Hall; New Mexico, W. G. Ogle; New York,
Herbert L. Hill; North Carolina, D. H. Dixon; North Dakota, W. J.
Lane; Oklahoma, J. B. Hickman; Ohio, Charles T. Fox; Ontario,
W. S. Kirkland; Oregon, Mrs. M. A. Danenhower; Pennsylvania, Dr.

278

THE OFFICIAL MINUTES 279

Alexander Henry; Quebec, Leo Dipond; Rhode Island, T. W. Water-
man ; South Carolina, W. E. Willis ; South Dakota, Rev. Gay C. White ;
Utah, Mrs. E. S. Castle; Vermont, C. A. Boyd; Washington (E.),
E. C. Knapp; Washington (W.), J. M. Dick; West Virginia, Thomas
C Miller; Wisconsin, Charles L. Hill.

By appointment of President Warren, Hon. A. LaHuis of Michigan
was named as chairman of the nominating committee, and Herbert L.
Hill of New York as secretary.

The Committee on Resolutions and Findings was also named, as
follows: Dr. William A. Harper, North Carolina, chairman; Percy L.
Craig, Pennsylvania, suggested as secretary; Edward W. Dunham,
New Jersey; T. Gordon Russell, Manitoba; President W. G. Clippin-
ger, Ohio; George N. Burnie, Indiana; W. H. Stockham, Alabama;
J. Shreve Durham, Illinois; E. E. Reid, Ontario; Rev. W. F. Crafts,
D. D., District of Columbia ; and Theron Gibson, Ontario.

In place of Thomas V. Ellzey of Texas, recording secretary,
detained by illness, Rev. E. Morris Fergusson of Maryland was
appointed to that office.

Announcements were made by Mr. Lawrance.

On motion of W. A. Eudaly of Ohio, seconded by A. H. Mills of
Illinois, telegrams were ordered sent to our former president, William
N. Hartshorn, A. B. McCrillis and Bishop Hartzell. Messrs. Eudaly,
Mills and Frank L. Brown were appointed as a committee to send these
telegrams and any others that may seem appropriate.

Quartermaster W. G. Boxall of Toronto, who served in the first
battalion of Canadian troops sent to France, was introduced and invited
the convention to the official war pictures now on exhibition in this
city.

The following telegram was, by a rising vote, ordered sent to Presi-
dent Woodrow Wilson and the Duke of Devonshire, Governor-General
of Canada:

The International Sunday School Association, now in session

at Buffalo, N. Y., sends greetings and pledges the loyalty of its

twenty-two million members to the cause of democracy so ably

represented by yourself. A patriotic message would be appre-
ciated by the convention.

E. K. Warren, President.

Marion Lawrance, General Secretary.

Following a hymn. Rev. E. C. Dargan, D. D., of Georgia, read
Psalm 2 and led in prayer.

The convention sermon was preached by Rev. George Caleb Moor,
D. D., of New York

280 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

After singing and announcements by Mr. Lawrance, the closing
prayer was offered by Col. Robert Cowden of Ohio, the "Nestor of
organized Sunday School work," who for fifty-two years has been unin-
terruptedly connected with the work. "Keep the Home Fires Burn-
ing," was the closing song.

Wednesday Evening

Following a song service, led by Chorister Excell, Rev. T. Yeoman
Williams of Chicago was introduced by Mr. Lawrance and led the
convention in Scripture reading and prayer.

At Chairman Warren's request, Mr. Lawrance introduced Leroy S.
Churchill, chairman of the Buffalo Committee of One Hundred, who
spoke in response.

Life Membership Certificates, each representing a gift of one thou-
sand dollars by E. K. Warren to the International Sunday School Asso-
ciation, were presented by Mr. Lawrance to Mr. Churchill and to
Rev. Joseph Clark, D. D., general secretary of the New York State
Sunday School Association. Both of these gentlemen briefly responded.

Chairman Fred A. Wells of the International Sunday School Execu-
tive Committee moved, and Rev. E. W. Halpenny, president of the
Employed Officers' Association, seconded, that the following letter be
adopted by the convention, which motion was concurred in by a
rising vote:

Mr. Edward K. Warren, President International Sunday School
Association.
Dear Mr. Warren : — We learn with deep regret that, owing
to severe illness and other reasons, you cannot continue your
official connection with our Association. We are thankful for
the choice and self-sacrificing service you have rendered to
organized Sunday School work during the past forty years as a
township, county, state and International officer, and as our
great leader. You have been a constant example and inspiration
to us all. To give some slight expression to our appreciation,
we now extend to you our earnest invitation to attend any of our
conventions — International, state, provincial, county, city or town-
ship— and when in attendance to be our special guest of honor.
We wish you yet many years of blessed service.

Assuring you of our continued love and prayers, we ask you
to accept the courtesy which we feel honored to offer you.
Announcements were made by Mr. Lawrance, including the intro-
duction of R. George Lord, secretary of the local committee, and the
reading of this cable message from Arthur M. Harris, treasurer of the
World's Sunday School Association, in Paris :

THE OFFICIAL MINUTES 281

"Greetings ! We are proud of the fine men from our Bible classes
'over there.' May they win all battles."

The chairman introduced H. J. Heinz, president of the Pennsylvania
Association, who briefly responded.

An address was deHvered by Prof. M. A. Honline, Educational Sec-
retary of the International Sunday School Association, on "The Urgent
Need of a National Program of Religious Education." (See page

99-)

"Will Your Heart Ring True?" was sung as a solo by Chorister

Excell,

A telegram was read by the chairman from Hon. Philander P.
Claxton, the next speaker named on the program: "Am very sorry
cannot be present, for program this evening. Cannot leave Washington
tonight."

An address was given by Prof. Walter S. Athearn of Boston Uni-
versity School of Religious Education and chairman of the Interna-
tional Committee on Education, on "An American System of Religious
Education."

The benediction was pronounced by Rev. R. Douglas Eraser, D. D.,
of Ontario.

Thursday Morning

The opening song service was led by Chorister Excell, Rev. E. C.
Dargan, D. D., led "The Morning Watch" meditation, presenting God
as Light, Life and Love.

General Secretary Lawrance presented Ives L. Harvey of Penn-
sylvania, chairman of the Elementary Committee of the International
Sunday School Association, as presiding officer for the session.

Mr. Harvey presented "the Four Busy B's," representing the succes-
sion of official leaders of the elementary work — Mrs. Israel P. Black,
widow of the former secretary of the International Primary Union;
Mrs. J. Woodbridge Barnes, International Elementary Superintendent
from 1902 to 1908; Mrs. Mary Foster Bryner, International Elementary
Superintendent from 1908 to 1914; and Mrs. Maud Junkin Baldwin,
Superintendent since January i, 1917. Mrs. Bryner told briefly of the
work of these former leaders.

Mrs. Maud Junkin Baldwin, International Elementary Superin-
tendent, under the title "Our Children," presented the record of the
quadrennium in elementary work and the forward steps planned for the
future. At the close of her address a number of children were led to
the platform, while Miss Bertha Laine of Ontario sang, "I Think When
I Read."

282 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Mr. Lawrance introduced Miss Annie S. Harlow of Philadelphia,
a leader among the primary teachers at the world's first Sunday School
convention.

In the absence of Chairman W. H. Danforth of the International
Secondary Division Committee, now on Y. M. C. A. service in France,
J. R. Marcum, vice-chairman, took charge of the Secondary Division
part of the session. A letter from Mr. Danforth was read by him.

R. A. Waite, International Associate Secondary Division Superin-
tendent, made a short address. John L. Alexander, Superintendent, in
opening his presentation of the work of the International Secondary
Division, introduced Frank L. Brown, original mover on behalf of the
Intermediate Department in the International Association. Mr. Alex-
ander made an earnest plea for increased and more intelligent work for
the boys and girls.

The treasurer, E. O. Excell, presented the International Treasurer's
report for the quadrennium. (See page 272.)

Announcements were made by General Secretary Lawrance, and the
session closed with the benediction by Rev. F. C. Berger, D. D., of
Cleveland, Ohio.

Thursday Evening

Thursday evening's session was opened with singing, led by Chorister
Excell. Rev. E. H. Stockton of North Carolina, secretary of the
Board of Missions of the Moravian Church, Southern Jurisdiction,
offered prayer.

Rev. Harry Hopkins Hubbell, vice chairman of the Buffalo Com-
mittee of One Hundred, took the chair and introduced Rev. J. C. Cal-
houn Newton of Kobe, Japan, who has come farther than any other
delegate, and Miss Edith Burt, daughter of Bishop William Burt of
Florence, Italy.

Rev. George P. Williams, D. D., Secretary of Missions of the
American Sunday School Union, stated the aims of the Union's Sun-
day School missionary work for the milHons of children of school
age not under the influence of the Sunday School.

Bishop James Atkins of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South,
was introduced and made an address.

Austin Long, chairman of the recreation committee of the Buffalo
Committee of One Hundred, announced the plans for the delegates on
Saturday, June 23.

Miss Margaret Slattery of Boston was introduced and made an
address. (See page 37.)

THE OFFICIAL MINUTES 283

H. F. Laflamme of the American Relief Association presented the
present needs of Armenian and Syrian Relief.

The session closed with songs, led by Chorister Excell, and the
benediction.

Friday Morning

The session of Friday morning was opened with songs led by
Chorister Excell, prayers by Rev. C. E. Wilbur and Rev. Mi*. Dixon,
and Scripture, Morning Watch meditation and prayer by Rev. E. C.
Dargan, D. D.

General Secretary Lawrance, in the chair, introduced W. C. Pearce,
representing the Adult Division, who made an address on the task
of the Adult Division,

John L. Free of Cleveland, Ohio, was introduced by Mr. Lawrance
as the friend who, with his wife, has furnished the means to enable
the Executive Committee to employ a superintendent for the Adminis-
tration Division.

"He Lifted Me" was sung as a solo by Chorister Excell, the dele-
gates singing the chorus.

Rev. William N. Dresel, chairman of the Superintendents' Com-
mittee of the International Association, made a report on the division
of Sunday School Administration.

Mr. Sims of New Brunswick, chairman of the sub-committee on
by-laws of the Executive Committee, presented a number of changes
in the by-laws of the International Sunday School Association which
had been adopted by the Executive Committee. A printed abstract of
these changes, explaining their scope and significance, was distributed
to the convention.

On motion of W. A. Eudaly of Ohio, seconded by Mr. Sims, and
after a call by Mr. Lawrance for remarks and motions, the changes
as presented were unanimously adopted.

George W. Watts of North Carolina, chairman of the nominating
committee, presented that committee's report.

President William O. Thompson, D. D., of Ohio State University,
was unanimously elected president of the International Sunday School
Association on motion of Mr. Watts, seconded by Mr. Eudaly.

The other officers and committeemen were duly presented by Mr.
Watts and by Herbert L. Hill of New York, and were unanimously
elected. (See the official register, page 318.) After sundry correc-
tions in the list of members and alternates of the Executive Com-
mittee, the committee's report was adopted as a whole.

284 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Fred A. Wells of Chicago, on nomination of the committee on
nominations, was unanimously elected chairman of the International
Executive Committee.

Bishop W. M. Bell of Washington, D. C, was elected an Interna-
tional Vice President in place of Mr. Wells.

George Innes of Philadelphia, secretary of the board of trustees
of the American University of Cairo, made an address on "Bringing
in the Kingdom of God."

After announcements by Mr. Lawrance, the benediction was pro-
nounced by Rev. S. Hall Young, D. D., missionary to Alaska.

Friday Evening

The session of Friday evening was opened with an inspiring song
service in which the chorus was led by George E. Gowing, assistant
musical director of the convention.

General Secretary Lawrance introduced his brother. Rev. William
I. Lawrance of Boston, who led the convention in prayer.

Announcements were made by Mr. Lawrance.

Additional nominations were made by Herbert L. Hill for the
nominating committee, and these were on motion unanimously con-
firmed,

Pennsylvania "Keystone State, Strong and Great," cheered the
convention by entering as a delegation three hundred strong and singing
its song.

Telegrams from the Duke of Devonshire, Governor-general of
Canada, and from President Woodrow Wilson, through their re-
spective secretaries, were read by Mr. Lawrance.

The White House, Washington.
My Dear Sir : — The President greatly appreciates the hearten-
ing message which you and Mr. Lawrance sent him in the name
of the International Sunday School Association, and he asks me
to thank you and everyone concerned for your patriotic pledges.
The support of your membership is most gratifying and cheering.
(Signed) J. P. Tumulty, Secretary to the President.

Ottawa, Ont.
The Governor-general desires me to request you to thank the
association for its kind greetings, which are much appreciated
by his Excellency.

(Signed) Arthur P. Sladen, Private Secretary.
A message was also read by Frank L. Brown from the Japan Sun-
day School Association.

THE OFFICIAL MINUTES 285

Portraits in oil of the retiring President, Edward K. Warren, and
his predecessor, the late Howard M. Hamill, D. D., presented to
the association by H. J. Heinz, were unveiled, with fitting remarks
by J. W. Kinnear for the portrait of Mr. Warren, and Mr. Warren
for that of Professor Hamill.

"The End and the Beginning — the Challenge of the Years Ahead"
was the title of the address by General Secretary Lawrance. He re-
ferred to his printed report, distributed to the delegates at this session.
(See page 66.)

After a brief prayer by Frank L. Brown, World's General Secretary,
individual pledges of annual payments for four years in support of
the International work were called for by Mr. Lawrance. The gen-
eral secretaries of the state and provincial associations acted as col-
lectors of the pledges, which aggregated $13,000 a year, or $52,000
for the four years, in addition to the pledges of $23,000 a year, or
$92,000 for four years received at the association banquet Thursday
evening.

The session closed with an eulogy of the work of the Red Cross,
illustrated with lantern slides, by Rev. T. Yeoman Williams of Chicago,
who also pronounced the benediction.

Sunday Afternoon

The Sunday afternoon session at Calvary Presbyterian Church was
opened by song service, led by E. K. Stansell (Mr. Excell was absent).
H. C. Lyman led in prayer (Mr. Van Carter absent).

Dr. Wm. A. Brown, who presided, introduced Rev. Homer C. Lyman,
D. D., who presented a very illuminating talk on "A Race in the
Making."

Dr. Brown then introduced Charles R. Fisher, who spoke on
"Oriental Americans."

The next address was by Rev. George A. Joplin on "The Moun-
taineers." He declared them to be the most American of all Americans

Arthur T. Arnold was next presented by Dr. Brown. Mr. Arnold's
subject was "Coming Americans."

"Making Missionaries" was the subject of Rev. W. A. Ross.

Jay S. Stowell's subject, "The New Emphasis in Missionary Educa-
tion," was clearly presented.

The work that is being and has been done, in the Philippines was
told by Rev. J. L. McLaughlin.

Rev. T. A. Neblett presented the work in Cuba. He said, "the
time is ripe for a forward movement."

286 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

W. C. Pearce spoke on "Our Responsibility." His talk dovetailed
with Mr. Neblett's. At the request of Mr. Pearce, pledges and a cash
offering were taken to assist in the work in Cuba.

Miss Margaret Slattery's address "Dreamers and Doers" was full
of faith and patriotism and was an inspiration to all who heard it.

Sunday Evening

World's Sunday School Session

The World's Sunday School Association session was opened with
a song service led by Chorister Excell. The chorus, led by Assistant
Musical Director George E. Cowing, sang several selections.

Prayer was offered by Rev. Conrad Hassel of Buffalo, pastor of
Zion's Reformed Church.

H. J. Heinz, chairman of the Executive Committee of the World's
Sunday School Association, took the chair and explained the purpose
of the session.

Announcements were made by Frank L. Brown, World's General
Secretary, and Marion Lawrance, International General Secretary.

Rev. J. G. Holdcroft of Pyeng Yang, Sunday School secretary for
Korea, described the development of Sunday School work in his field,
"Where all the Church is in the Sunday School." (Page 53.)

George H. Trull of New York told of "Linking up South America
Through Bible Study."

Edward K. Warren, President of the International Sunday School
Association, told the story of "Preserving the Samaritan Remnant."

Poling Chang of Tientsin, China, spoke on "The Sunday School
the Chinese Democracy."

Frank L. Brown introduced Rev. J. L. McLaughlin, general secre-
tary for the Philippines of the World's Sunday School Association.
Mr. McLaughlin presented a reel of motion pictures showing Sunday
School work in the Philippine Islands.

"On to Tokyo," the World's Convention song, was sung in closing,
with benediction by Rev. E. Morris Fergusson of Baltimore.

Monday Morning

The morning watch devotions were led by Chorister Excell, the
devotional talk and prayer being given by Rev. S. Hall Young, D. D.,
veteran missionary from Alaska.

Announcements were made by Mr. Pearce.

The chairman for the session, William Hamilton of Ontario, in-

THE OFFICIAL MINUTES 287

troduced the International Superintendent of Home Visitation, J. Shreve
Durham, who presented his printed report and spoke in explanation of
the International plan of community visitation in co-operation with
leaders of all faiths.

After singing, President W. A. Harper of North Carolina, chairman
of the committee on resolutions, presented the committee's report.
The resolutions (see page 291) were submitted one by one, with results
as follows :

1. The service-creed of the Sunday school. Adopted.

2. Sunday School loyalty. Adopted.

3. Lord's Day observance. Adopted.

4. Community and social purity. Adopted.

5. Temperance and prohibition. Adopted, with amendments from
the floor : a. Adding to the telegram to the President and Congress
the words, "with the commandeering of all barley now in their pos-
session, and of all spirits now in store." b. Striking out the word
"immature" before the word "boys" near the close of the resolution
on cigarettes.

6. Support for Christian work. Adopted.

7. Finances. Adopted.

8. Appreciation. Adopted.

9. Congratulations. Adopted.

10. Go-to-Sunday School Day. Adopted.

11. Religious education and leadership training. Adopted.

The resolutions were then by a rising vote unanimously adopted as
a whole.

The report of Professor Ira M. Price, secretary of the Inter-
national Lesson Committee, was read by Justice Maclaren of Ontario.
(See page 298.) The report was unanimously adopted.

J. R. Marcum, chairman of the Field Section of the International
Secondary Committee, ofifered the following resolutions, already adopted
by the Secondary Committee and the Executive Committee, and it
was unanimously adopted :

"That the convention change the name of our present Secondary
division to 'Young People's Division.'"

Mrs. Maud Junkin Baldwin, International Elementary Superinten-
dent, presented the following resolution, signed by Ives L. Harvey,
chairman of the Elementary Committee, approved by that committee
and by the Executive Committee, and it was unanimously adopted :

"We recommend that the name of the Elementary Division of the

288 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

International Sunday School Association be changed to the more
suitable one of 'The Children's Division of the International Sunday
School Association.' "

Professor Henry S. Jacoby, chairman of the Field Committee,
offered the following resolutions on behalf of the Executive Com-
mittee, and they were unanimously adopted :

"The International Executive Committee presents the following
recommendations to the fifteenth International Sunday School con-
vention for consideration and adoption, to-wit :

"The International Sunday School Association in convention as-
sembled declares itself in favor of the utmost freedom on the part
of state, provincial or national associations, and defines the fundamental
principles of affiliation with the International Sunday School Associa-
tion as follows:

"The state or provincial Sunday School association is to be recog-
nized as the auxiliary of the International Sunday School Associa-
tion in the specified state or province:

"i. When the state or provincial Sunday school association ac-
cepts the principle that the final authority in all association matters
is inherent in the Sunday School Association convention,
"(a) Held annually.
"(b) Made up from properly accredited delegates from its

auxiliary association.

"(c) Open to all Sunday School workers of legal age, of

every evangelical communion where auxiliary associations do

not exist.

"2. When state or provincial administration is carried on through
an executive committee, elected by the annual state or provincial
association convention, with freedom of nomination by any delegate.

"3. The state or provincial association, operating on the above
fundamental principles, shall remain in affiliation relationship with
the International Association by furnishing to the International Associa-
tion an annual report of its standing in organization, practice and
accomplishment."

Professor Jacoby presented the report of the Field Committee and
it was adopted. (See page 113.)

The new Associate Field Superintendent, Rev. E. W. Halpenny,
was introduced and briefly spoke.

W. C. Pearce, Field Superintendent, presented his report (see
page 115) and made an address in explanation of the work of the
Field Department.

Announcements were made by Mr. Pearce.

Charles Boiler of Buffalo, a veteran Sunday School worker, one
of the German refugees of 1848, was introduced and briefly spoke.

On motion of Herbert L. Hill the name of Fred A. Wells was sub-
stituted for that of Henry S. Jacoby as a representative of the Inter-

THE OFFICIAL MINUTES 289

national Association on the Executive Committee of the World's
Sunday School Association, Professor Jacoby finding it impossible
to accept.

Telegrams of greeting from Messrs. Hartshorn, McCrillis and
Woodbury, Dr. Purinton and the associations of Wyoming and Mani-
toba, were presented by General Secretary Lawrance.

Rev. Henry L. Bowlby, secretary of the Lord's Day Alliance, and
Professor Charles Bieler, D. D., delegate-at-large of the French Protes-
tant committee affiliated with the Federal Council of the Churches of
Christ in America, gave brief messages.

The session closed with the benediction by Professor Bieler.

Monday Evening

The song service of Monday evening was led by Chorister Excell,
with prayer by Rev. W. A. Harper, D. D., of Elon College, North
Carolina.

Mr. Lawrance introduced Miss Mabel Leard of Buffalo, organist
of the convention.

The International Training School and Camp Conferences at Con-
ference Point, Lake Geneva, Wis., was presented in three statements :
by W. C. Pearce, dean of the Training School, as to the financial stand-
ing of the Conference Point property; by John L. Alexander, Secondary
Superintendent, as to the conference and camp arrangements and
program; and by Richard Alfred Waite, Associate Secondary Super-
intendent, with lantern slides, on the daily life and work of the camps.

The War Savings Stamps and Thrift Stamps campaign in Buffalo
and Erie counties was presented in an address by Mr. Butler, director
of the campaign.

Recruiting Director William E. Holler of the western district,
National War Work Council, made an earnest appeal for the recruits
for the Y. M. C. A. service, and Secretary E. O. Sellers of the Y. M.
C. A. sang "Keep the School Fires Burning."

Mr. Lawrance introduced by name the exhibitors at the commercial
exhibit, and read messages from Tokyo and from the newly elected
President, Dr. W. O. Thompson of Columbus, Ohio.

An address was made on "The Contribution of the Sunday School
to the War," by Edgar Blake, D. D., of Chicago, corresponding secre-
tary of the Board of Sunday Schools of the Methodist Episcopal
Church. (See page 23.)

The closing address was made by Robert E. Speer, D. D., of New

19

290 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

York, on "The Personal Element in Christian Work." (See page 28.)
At the close of his address Dr. Speer offered the closing prayer and
pronounced the benediction.

Tuesday Morning

The opening song service of Tuesday morning was led by Chorister
Excell, with prayer by A. M. Locker, general secretary of the Minne-
sota Sunday School Association.

The chair was taken by Dr. Joseph Clark, general secretary of the
New York State Sunday School Association after introduction by
Mr. Lawrance.

"Negroes and Religious Education" was the subject of an address
and report by Rev. H. C. Lyman of Atlanta, International Superinten-
dent of Work Among the Negroes. (See page 254.)

Prayer for the Sunday School work among the negroes was offered
by Rev. Christian Staebler, D. D., of Cleveland, Ohio, and "Lord,
Teach Me How to Live" was sung by Miss Ruth Sailor of Niagara
Falls, N. Y.

Announcements were made by Mr. Lawrance. He introduced Cap-
tain Peacock of the Salvation Army, executive committeeman of the
Manitoba Association.

Miss Margaret Slattery of Boston made an address on "And He
Went Away."

The session closed with a short address on food conservation by
Thomas R. Wheeler, followed by the benediction.

Tuesday Evening

The final session of the convention was held in the Broadway
Auditorium, Leroy S. Churchill, chairman of the Buffalo Committee
of One Hundred, presiding. The vast auditorium was packed at an
early hour.

Following a concert by the Buffalo Park Band, the Convention
Chorus of 400 voices sang several selections, including the "Hallelujah
Chorus," and Chorister Excell led the audience in song.

Representatives of the Red Cross and other war causes present on
the platform were introduced.

"A Message from the Front" was eloquently delivered by Capt. Rev.
John MacNeill, D. D. (See page 47.)

An offering was taken with music by the band and singing.

Dr. Talcott Williams of New York, director of the School of
Journalism on the Pulitzer Foundation in Columbia University, made

THE OFFICIAL MINUTES 291

an address on "The Armenian Tragedy and the Sunday School."
(See page 51.)

The chairman introduced Hon. George S. Buck, mayor of Buffalo,
who spoke briefly and introduced Governor Charles S. Whitman, who
made an address on "Our God Is Marching On." (See page 43.)

G. Barrett Rich, 3d, representing the Boy Scout pages of the
convention, was introduced and spoke for the boys who want to
help in the winning of the war.

"Arise, Let Us Go Hence" was the theme of the closing message
of Mr. Lawrance. He referred to the fact that every province of
Canada, the Dominion of Newfoundland, and every state but New
Mexico, Wyoming and Texas, with several foreign countries, were
represented in this greatest of all International Conventions.

The convention closed with prayer by H. J. Heinz, vice-president
of the Association.

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON FINDINGS
AND RESOLUTIONS

WE, your Committee on Findings and Resolutions, beg leave to
submit the following for your consideration :

Ours is the Brotherhood day! The social hour has struck. Social
solidarity we are beginning to achieve in strangely marvelous ways.
But God's hand is leading us and we shall not falter nor faint.

We rejoice in the present emphasis on service as fundamental in
the Christian program and with complete consecration we devote our-
selves to its realization throughout the social order. This convention,
from its incipiency in 1869 till this good hour, has cherished but one
idea — the idea of service to the Sunday School. It has been its dis-
tinguished honor to be the servant of the church in its educational
work and the magnificent expansion which has come to it during these
forty-nine years is cause for congratulation to every prophet who in
the early days glimpsed the possibilities that challenged our endeavor.
The record of these years is further evidence of that enlargement
which must ever come as the deserved reward of consecrated service.

With firm, unfaltering confidence in the central, dynamic, saving
place of service in the church, and conscious that the times demand
definite pronouncements of the aims and purposes of its educational
department, we therefore accept these principles of service as basal
in the Christian faith, request the Lesson Committee to give growing
recognition to them in the portions of Scripture set for study, and urge

292 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

upon the followers of the Master everywhere to labor earnestly for
their practical working out in befitting programs of constructive Chris-
tian statesmanship.

I. The Service-Crekd of the Sunday School

We accept the brotherhood of man revealed in Christ and founded
on the Fatherhood of God, as constituting the essence of Christian
faith, and inspired by its unifying principles of life, declare our inten-
tion to labor for the following ends :

For the social solidarity of the race;

For the recognition of the priesthood and kingship of every child
of God;

For the liberty of conscience, or the right of private judgment, as
the privilege and duty of all ;

For Christian character, or vital piety, as the proper credential of
the life that is "hid with Christ in God" ;

For self-renouncing love as fundamental in the Christian social
order ;

For the Christianization of all the relations of men;

For the banishment of autocracy from every department of life;

For the progressive realization of democracy not only in state, but
also in the home, in industry, in education, in social life, in the church,
and in all the institutions that touch the interests of our brother men ;

For such re-definition of discipleship as shall emphasize deeds and
not creeds as constituting the heart-message of Jesus to our day;

For a church that shall positively reconstruct society by overcom-
ing evil with good, that shall exalt service rather than services, and
that shall recognize its obligation to minister to man, every man and
all of man, so becoming the correlating force of society as Jesus
intended ;

For an evangelism that is not only individual but also social, and
that shall "reach the reached and save the saved" by a life-investing
program of service, world-wide and all inclusive ;

For the sharing of our good with all men, not withholding till they
seek it at our hands, but freely giving, because we know their needs
and we are brothers ;

For that exaltation of the little child which the Master's tender
solicitude teaches, with all that suqh exaltation implies both for it
and for adults;

For the chumship of father with son and of mother with daughter
as divine prerogative of parenthood;

THE OFFICIAL MINUTES 293

For such a program of religious education as shall save childhood
from sin and train adults to serve effectively all the interests of the
kingdom ;

For free opportunity for every one to attain fullest life expression
as the inalienable birthright of man ;

For the patient investigation of the causes of our social vices and
the firm but loving application of measures that shall cure as well
as relieve ;

For the peace of the world, as the normal state of man, even though
we must employ force to secure it — a peace exalting the men and the
nations that pursue it, and that shall endure, because based on love for
fellow men and not on any consideration of selfish advantage ;

For mercy for all men, even our enemies, since we are all alike
children of our Heavenly Father ;

For the universal recognition of man as God's steward and trustee
in the earth and of this relationship as motivating missions, philan-
thropy, social service, and every saving influence of our life and
society ;

For the answering of our Master's prayer for his followers — that
the world may believe in his Sonship and so be redeemed through
faith incarnated in men and regnant in the institutions that minister
to their life.

II. Sunday School Loyalty

Peoples who have ever loved peace and sincerely pursued it, who
have never engaged in an offensive war and who never will, we find
ourselves now involved in the most momentous armed conflict of
human history. We are part of this war, and rightly so. We could
have remained neutral, but at what a cost ! We should have lost
the finest opportunity ever offered a nation to exemplify the funda-
mental principle of democracy — the principle of service. We could
have remained out, but we should have become the pirates of an out-
raged humanity. We should have been deservedly stigmatized as the
Bedouins of the race. We should have been the ghouls of human
kind, fattening on the sufferings and death of our brothers.

We rejoice that God in this crisis of world history has raised up
for the people of America leaders capable of thinking not as American
citizens simply, but as spokesmen of the race, and whose unquestionable
devotion to the cause of human freedom has made certain the victory
of right in this dire hour. President Wilson's statesmanlike utterances
will go down in history as documents of imperishable worth, depicting

294 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

with sincere frankness the status of world affairs and describing the
aims and purposes of our allies and of ourselves with such compelling
charm that he had strengthened the morale of our fighting forces to
the point where, though our lines may bend, they will never break.
And the sacrifices and heroism of the Canadian forces constitute an
undying monument to that branch of our association.

We pledge to Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States,
to the Canadian government, and to those in authority with them,
our fullest support in their every effort to make the world "safe for
democracy" and assure them that we shall be found laboring with
them to bring about such a type of democracy as shall be safe for
the world.

We call upon the Sunday School forces of this continent to lose
no opportunity to make plain that this war is essentially a war to
give the principles of Jesus a chance to rule the world. We urge them
to contribute in every way possible to the speedy and righteous ending
of the tragedy. We would particularly urge all Christian people to
support Liberty and Victory Loans, War Savings Stamps campaigns.
Red Cross, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. drives, the Armenian and
other relief funds, the food and fuel administrators, and every other
appeal designed to yield victory and strengthen the bonds of Christian
fellowship. In assisting in these great measures, we shall be rendering
service to God and guaranteeing to our brothers their rights and
prerogatives as His children.

And let us not forget our enemies in this hour. Let us pray for
them. Let us love them, deluded, misguided, maddened by a false
philosophy of life as they are. Let us keep hate for them out of our
hearts, that when peace comes it shall be a peace so just and righteous
as to leave behind no rankling discontent calling for redress. Let us
pray and labor that this war shall be the last to afflict our race with
its "red ruin of hell." We have not chosen to fight. We should have
preferred a different method of leading our enemies to see the error
of their course. But they preferred the way of the sword and
democracy has answered the challenge by taking up the sword on the
only condition she is ever privileged to take it up, to defend her life
and the lives of those to whom it is her right and duty to minister,
the ordinary men and women and the little children of the race.

Realizing that the cause of democracy and the cause of our Christ
are one and inseparable in this war, we call upon the peoples of America

THE OFFICIAL MINUTES 295

to pray the Father for victory and the progress of righteousness in
His world and in our own hearts.

III. Lord's Day Observance
That we regard with grave anxiety the many encroachments being
made on the sanctity of the Lord's day, and in convention assembled
desire to place ourselves on record as soliciting the earnest effort
of those in authority to prohibit all labor or pleasure seeking not in
accord with the fourth commandment, and as requesting all who may
be conducting works of necessity or mercy to endeavor to reduce such
labor to the lowest possible minimum.

IV. Community and Social Purity
That in this time of great stress and conflict occasioned by this
cruel war we urge our delegates on their return to their homes to
exercise themselves in every way possible, individually and organically,
to promote social purity in their communities, and that we assist our
governments in their campaigns against vice and impurity among our
fighting forces, that they may honor the nations and also the kingdom,
by clean, pure lives, thus making it possible to render to the world that
efficient service which the present crisis demands.

V. Temperance and Prohibition
That the attitude of the International Sunday School Association
to the manufacture and sale of alcoholic drinks, better known as the
liquor traffic, is one of unalterable hostility, and it pledges the Christian
public of America and the world its individual effort and co-operation
for national and world prohibition.

We recommend that the following communications be sent:
To the President and to the Congress of the United States of
America:
We gladly conserve food and fuel in our homes. We demand
that grain and fuel be denied the breweries, the commandeering
of all barley now in their possession, and of all spirits in store.
(Signed) The International Sunday School Association
in Convention Assembled, Representing More
THAN Twenty-two Million People.

To Premier R. L. Borden, Ottawa, Canada:

We greatly rejoice, and we commend the Canadian govern-
ment, in its action prohibiting the manufacture and sale of intoxi-
cating liquor of all kinds for beverage purposes.

(Signed) The International Sunday School Association.
That we view with alarm the increased consumption of cigarettes
among our young boys, and, while we would withhold nothing that will

296 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

contribute to the efficiency and comfort of our fighting forces, we urge
that the use of cigarettes by boys be prevented as far as possible.

VI. Support for Christian Work

We do not hesitate to say that we must "Keep the home fires burn-
ing," while doing everything possible to terminate the war success-
fully. We must have a citizenship worthy of democracy when our
fighting forces shall have achieved it, and this cannot be done without
due attention to the moral and Christian life of the home guard. We
therefore summon our people to accord the International Sunday
School Association and the other religious forces of the land an
increased support commensurate with the demands upon them and
deserved by their inherent merit of contribution to national and
spiritual life.

VII. Finances

We feel that this convention should specifically express its appre-
ciation to Treasurer Excell and Mr. Cashman for their masterly con-
duct of our financial interests, placing us free from debt, and with
money in the treasury. This fact will be cause for rejoicing through-
out the Sunday School world, since making its appeal to voluntary
givers our work has grown to such magnificent proportions and firmly
established itself in the affections of the people.

We commend the Association to the generous consideration of
great-hearted Christian philanthropists that a fund of at least $10,000,-
000 may be provided. We do not know a cause more deserving or
more promising of lasting service than this. We call upon our forces
to pray that God shall lay His hand on some Christian to dedicate his
wealth to this noble purpose.

VIII. Appreciations
We would express great appreciation to the International officers,
field force, and committeemen for their unstinted service in our cause ;
to all the speakers on the general and departmental programs for
having made this convention signal in its excellence throughout; to the
chorus of five hundred, the Buffalo Committee of One Hundred, and
all subcommittees, the homes, the citizens, and churches of Buffalo,
those who have placed buildings and conveniences at our disposal, and
the press for its generous provision for the entertainment, comfort,
and success of the convention.

IX. Congratulations
We congratulate the American Sunday School Union on having

THE OFFICIAL MINUTES 297

served the cause of Christ for a century, as represented in their centen-
nial celebration in 1917.

We felicitate the Lutheran and Reformed bodies on their four
hundredth anniversary of the Reformation celebrated in 1917, and
pray that the impulses to liberty and truth set in motion by that
religious movement may continue to comfort and bless the earth.

X. Go-TO-SuNDAY School Day
That October 27, 1918, and the last Sunday of October for the
remaining years of the quadrennium, set aside as Go-to-Sunday School
Day, be promoted as a community movement, continent-wide.

XL Religious Education and Leadership Training
We rejoice in the large place that is now being given the whole
question of religious education and leadership training. The searching
analysis that is now being applied to the investigation of this vital
matter can but lead to forward movements for our Sunday School
work. We commend to the thoughtful consideration of our workers
all the measures and methods now being formulated or practiced, pray-
ing that the best plan shall ultimately develop. We would specifically
commend the month of September 15 to October 15 as a suitable time
for a special drive for leadership training, with appropriate emphasis
in this training and throughout the year on evangelism as the recruiting
function of the kingdom and central in a Christian education able to
redeem the world.

W. A. Harper,
W. G. Clippinger,
George N. Burnie,
William H. Stockham,
Ed. E. Reid,
J. Shreve Durham,
Edward W, Dunham,
Theron Gibson,
Percy L. Craig,
Robert M. Hopkins.

298 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

WHAT THE LESSON COMMITTEE IS DOING

"O EPORT of the International Section of the International Sunday
■*^ School Lesson Committee made to the Quadrennial Convention
of the International Sunday School Association, Buffalo, N. Y., June 24,
for the four years ending June 30, 19 18.

Personnel of the Committee

The present International Sunday School Lesson Committee was
organized on the basis of an agreement entered into April 22 and 23,
19 14, by the International Sunday School Association and the Sunday
School Council of Evangelical Denominations. This agreement speci-
fied that the new Lesson Committee should consist of eight members
elected by the International Sundaj'- School Association, eight by the
Sunday School Council and one each by each denomination repre-
sented in the Sunday School Council which has, or in the future may
have, a lesson committee.

Each of the first two parties to the agreement promptly elected
their members, and the denominations from the first have been grad-
ually falling into line until at the present moment the Lesson Com-
mittee consists of forty members.

Organization and Meetings of the Committee

The preliminary meeting of the elected members was held in Chi-
cago, July I, 1914. A temporary organization was effected with a
number of subcommittees to work out a plan of a permanent organiza-
tion. On December 29-30, 1914, the Lesson Committee, after full
consideration and discussion of the reports of the subcommittees,
finally adopted a set of by-laws and a plan of work for the thirty-six
men who at that date constituted the Lesson Committee.

In the interest of efficiency and thoroughness the lesson work of
the committee was assigned to subcommittees, which were to report
their activities to the full committee both at its annual and its semi-
annual meetings.

Work Done Since July i, 1914

One of the first innovations of the new Lesson Committee was the
adoption of a cycle of eight instead of six years for the uniform
lessons; and the second departure was the preparation, not simply of
the old uniform, but of what the committee chose to call "The Improved
Uniform Series," special adaptations being provided for the different
departments of the Sunday School. Of these the committee has already

THE OFFICIAL MINUTES 299

issued the lessons for 1918, 1919 and 1920, and has now in process of
construction lessons for 1921 and 1922. Home daily Bible readings
have been issued upon those lessons for 1918, 1919 and 1920.

In the graded series the Lesson Committee has issued the senior
fourth year on "The Bible and Social Living"; senior, fourth year
(alternative), 'The Spirit of Christ Transforming the World"; also
a bibliography on this alternative course.

Four short senior elective courses (thirteen weeks each) have
also been issued: "Significant Experiences of Jesus," "The Aims,
Motives and Methods of Modern Missions," "Beacon Lights of Chris-
tian Service in Foreign Lands," and "The Liquor Evil."

The Lesson Committee has entered another new field in the issu-
ance of the first year of an adult series on "Christianity in Action,"
entitled "The Christian in Daily Life." A new short course for
parents (thirteen lessons) has just been finally acted upon, entitled
"Hints on Child Training."

The resourcefulness and productiveness of the subcommittees
promise other and more varied styles of courses for the enrichment of
the Sunday School in the near future.

Relations with the British Committee

Up to the end of the preparation of the uniform lessons for 1917,
the Lesson Committee consisted of two sections, the American and the
British. But the long delay which reorganization of the new com-
mittee required (six months) and still further delay (four months)
before any real lesson work was done, naturally discouraged our
British colleagues, and they, at the same time facing the realities of
war, withdrew from the old co-operation agreement, reorganized as
the British Lessons Council and struck out on their own lines of lesson
building. This was greatly to be regretted because of the confusion
introduced on the mission fields, echoes of which have already reached
us from India. However, there is carried on a very friendly cor-
respondence between the secretaries of the two bodies, and also an
interchange of lesson proofs and minutes of the committees. It is
hoped that at the conclusion of the war co-operative work may again
be the order between these two great martial allies.

The Graded Lessons

The Lesson Committee has watched with increasing interest the
growing popularity of the graded lessons. Though admittedly an
experiment, from the beginning they have continually won their way

300 FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

either as originally issued or as modified by various publishing houses.
We cannot give figures because publishers are unwilling to allow their
data to reach their rivals, but enough is known to assert that the one-
time experiment has proved its value to the schools. Possibly before
another quadrennium rolls around the Lesson Committee will have
undertaken the task of revising the entire series on the basis of half
a score of years of experience.

The home daily Bible readings, first issued for 1913, based on the
improved uniform lessons, have rapidly increased in use and popu-
larity. Calls for them come from nearly every part of the globe. A
special presentation of them is now printed in Great Britain.

The Lesson Committee records with profound sorrow its loss in
the death of two of its members, Rev. Howard M. Hamill of Nash-
ville, Tenn., January 21, 1915, and Rev. A. L. Phillips of Richmond,
Va., March 2 of the same year.

The Lesson Committee as at present constituted has passed through
its experimental period and is now working harmoniously, co-opera-
tively and efficiently in producing courses of lessons adapted to the use
of all departments of the Sunday School. While its work is always
more or less experimental, it has the satisfaction of knowing that it
is meeting in the main the lesson requirements of the Sunday School
world. The Lesson Committee hereby expresses its deep gratitude to
God for the privilege of contributing its part to the religious educa-
tion of the millions who hold the home lines in the world's fight for
freedom.

SOME CONVENTION GREETINGS

Paris.

Marion Lawrance, Sunday School Convention, Buffalo, N. Y.:

Greetings. We are proud of the fine men from the Bible classes
who are here. May they win all battles. Harris,

Treasurer, World's Sunday School Association.

Arthur M. Harris, Paris, France.

Message gratefully received. Please convey to all Sunday School
and Bible class men on western front love and cheer from twenty-two
million Sunday School forces on American continent, with prayer for
strength and victory of delegates assembled at Fifteenth International
ConventJoij, Buffalo. Edward K. Warren,

Marion Lawrance.

THE OFFICIAL MINUTES 301

Halifax.

Greatly appreciate remembrance. I long to be with you. The earth
is the Lord's and they that dwell therein. The Sunday School is the
agency to bring to the Lord His own. No words can express our
appreciation of the International and State gifts to Nova Scotia. In
behalf of the province, thank the donors over and over.

Frank Woodbury,
International Committeeman for Nova Scotia.

Cambridge, Mass.
My prayers are for you and your associates. Your message was
a benediction. I appreciate your continent-wide service and world-
wide leadership. Hope to send a money pledge later. Love to all the
brethren. I recall former days of fellowship.

William Hartshorn.

Providence, R. I.
Present in spirit. Rejoicing that the work is greater than the
workers. I behold the building not made with hands rising upon a
groaning but redeemed world. Waiting for the place of the topmost
cornerstone, I rejoice with you. A. B. McCrillis.

Atlantic City, N. J.
Your loving message just received. Words fail me to express my
appreciation of it. There is great joy in my heart as I read it. I feel
that the God of peace is with me. May the great convention receive
His own wisdom and strength to undertake great things for Him.

D. B. Purinton.

London.
British comrades send greetings. May the convention be a vital
force permanently inspiring Sunday School workers.

Officers Sunday School Union.

Carey Bonner, Secretary.

CHAPTER XVII

OFFICIAL LIST OF DELEGATES

ALABAMA

Batchelder, Miss Myra E., Birming-
ham.

Berry, Miss Ada L., Birmingham.

Capps, Mrs. Geo., Opelilca.

Nixon, Miss C. Myrtyl, Merrellton.

Palmer, Leon C, Montgomery.

Palmer, Mrs. Leon C, Montgomery.

Stockham, Wm. H., Birmingham.

Stockham, Mrs. Wm. H., Birming-
ham.

Walker, Mrs. Wm. M., Birmingham.

Williams, Miss A. L., Birmingham.

ALBERTA

Bachroon, Judd Elliott, Fort Sas-
katchewan.
Hay, Brigadier Jno. W., Edmonton.
Race, Cecil E., Edmonton.

ARKANSAS

Branson, Emma Ij., Marianna.
Cross, G. G.. Little Rock.
Harper, Clio, Little Rock.
Hopkins, Frank, Parkdale.
James, Frank L., Little Rock.
Johnson, Jas. V., Little Rock.
Trieschmann, A., Crosset.
Trieschmann, Mrs. A., Crosset.

BRITISH COLUMBIA

Adams, Mrs. A. F., Vancouver.
MacKay, Mrs. D. M., Vancouver.

CALIFORNIA

Bassford, Mrs. B. E., Los Angeles.
Chllds, Mrs. Frank, Los Angeles.
Fisher, Chas. R., Berkeley.
Philips, W. A., Los Angeles.

COLORADO

Albertson, E. T., Denver.
Forbes, C. D., Sterling.
Fox, Melvin R., Sterling.
Heath, J. M., Fowler.
Kingsbury, Edwin C, Denver.
Kingsbury, Mrs. Edwin C, Denver.
Kingsbury, Iris B., Denver.
Kingsbury, Margaret L., Denver.
Maxey, J. W., Fowler.
Painter, Emily M., Noygen.
Painter, John E., Noygen.
Shaw, Mrs. Jennie H., Denver.
Ullom, Lulu Pearl, Lamar.
Walker, Mrs. J. A., Denver.
Wolf, W. W., Boulder.

CONNECTICUT
Bruemmer, Louis W., New Britain.
Burr, Miss Helen, Middletown.
Chapin, Mrs. Lucy Stock, Hartford.
Clark, Fannie E., Hartford.
Clarke, Mrs. Maize, Hartford.
Cook, Warren F., New Britain.
Hale, Mrs. Chester, Gildersleeve.
Holden, Miss Edith, Greenwich.
Myers, Prof. A. J. Wm., Hartford.
Phelps, Oscar A., Hartford.
Phelps, Mrs. Oscar A., Hartford.
Strong, Miss Grace C, Hartford.
Tibbetts, Rev. C. C. Uncasville.
Wadhams, Mrs. Herbert A., For-

rington.
Watrous, Mary B., Hartford.
Williston, Mrs. R. W., Hartford.
Woodin, Wallace I., Hartford.

CUBA

Harrington, Florence. Santiago de

Cuba.
Jones, Sylvester, Havana.
Neblett, S. A,, Mantanzas.
Stacy, Mrs. A. L., Santiago.

DELAWARE

Barker, Edna C, Milford.
Beardslee, Mrs. Lisle R., Wilming-
ton.
Preston, T. Davis, Wilmington.
Price, Lewis M., Smyrna.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Crafts, Rev. Wilbur F., Washington.

FLORIDA

Cooke, Homer F., Jacksonville.
Dodge, Rev. Richard D., Clearwater.
Faris, Sarah, Miami.
Nash, Mrs. Maud, Bonifay.
Narres, T. D., St. Petersburg.
Robson, Frank Y., Tampa.
Webb, J. O., Jacksonville.
Windhern, J. W., Tampa.

GEORGIA

Aynew, G. W., Menlo.
Aynew, John P., Menlo.
Davis, Miss Flora, Atlanta.
Lyman, Homer C, Atlanta.
Sims, D. W., Atlanta.
Sims. G. H., Kirkwood.
Waddell, Miss Carrie Lee, Atlanta.
Williams, J. M., Winder.
Williams, Mrs. J. M., Winder.
Witham, W. S.. Atlanta.

302

OFFICIAL LIST OF DELEGATES

303

IDAHO

Ormsby, Mrs. Lucy M., Boise.

INDIANA

Baker, Mi-s. R. A. LaFayelte.

Bley, Mrs. Henry, Fort Wayne.

Buchanan, Miss Carrie M., Hebron.

Burnie, George N., Indianapolis.

Clay, — , Huntington.

Cook, Garry L., Indianapolis.

Culbertson, Glenn, Hanover.

Doescher, Rev. Arthur H., Nappa-
nee.

Drissell, Wm. N., Evansville.

Fleger, Jacob F., Brookville.

Garrett, Mrs. Margarette B., Liberty
Center.

Glossbrenner, Mrs. H. M., Indianap-
olis.

Hasemeier, E. H., Richmond.

Helser, E. H., Warsaw.

Huckelberry, Miss Myrtle, Franklin.

Hutchens, Herschel C, Willow
Branch.

Hutchens, Mrs. H. C, Willow
Branch.

Kockritz, Ewald, Evansville.

Lacy, Mrs. Bert, Winchester.

Leetz, J. B., Indianapolis.

Lemen, Emma G., Indianapolis.

Little John, Mrs. Jas. W., Ft. Wayne.

Lowe, Jonathan, Lizton.

Lowe, Mrs. Jonathan, Lizton.

McKee, Mrs. E. A., Indianapolis.

Metzger, Minerva, Rossville.

Miller, Bertha, Richmond.

Morgan, William G., New Albany.

Niswonger, Laura, Pine Village.

Pool, Mrs. F. J., Fort Wayne.

Roper, Alvin W., Winona Lake.

Schlundt, Theo., Tell City.

Wiechman, Jesse A., Richmond.

Wiechman, Mrs. Jesse, Richmond.

Wilson, Isadore, Spiceland.

Wood, Ruby M., Hebron.

Zube, Rev. John W., Manson.

ILLINOIS

Ackerman, C. E., Marion.
Aderton, A. L., Chicago.
Agnew, Walter, Abingdon.
Alexander. John L., Chicago.
Baldwin, Mrs. M. J., Chicago.
Beeler, L. H., Chicago.
Brouse, Olin R., Rockford.
Bryner, Mrs. Mary Foster, Peoria.
Buchmueller, Rev. Paul, Marine.
Cashman, Robert, Chicago.
Clark, Elsie Margaret, La Grange.
Cope, Henry, Chicago.
Demerest, Ada Rose, Chicago.
Dietz, Wm. H., Chicago.
Dodson, Jennie, Bunker Hill.
Durham, J. Shreve, Chicasro.
Durham, Mrs. J. Shreve, Chicago.
Eiselen, F. C, Evanston.

Excell, E. O., Chicago.
Excell, Mrs. E. O., Chicago.
Finnell, Virgil C, Elgin.
Griffith, Rev. G. W., Greenville.
Gronzin, Louis C, Chicago.
Halpenny, E. W., Chicago.
Hauberg, John H., Rock Island.
Hauberg, Sue D., Rock Island.
Harmel, Sieverdena, Pekin.
Harmel, Alma T., Pekin.
Heggermeier, Rev. Otto W.. Alton.
Holsinger, J. P., Mount Morris.
Jones, O. Rice, Paris.
Kelly, Robert L., Chicago.
Langhunt, Rev. F. J. O' Fallon.
Lanron, Jerome, Fairvdew.
Lanron, Mi-s. Jerome, Fairview.
Lawrance, Marion, Chicago.
Lentzen, Fred. I., Chicago.
Marshall, Catherine, Rock Island.
Marshall, Elsie D., Rock Island.
McLaughlin, Arthur R., Peoria.
McMahon, Ella, Mount Pulaski.
Miller, J. E., Elgin.
Mills, Andrew H., Decatur.
Mills, H. Melville, Chicago.
Newcomer, Miss Maud, Elgin.
Noreborse, Mrs. Bert, Evanston.
Oldenburg, Laura, Chicago.
Osborne, C. A., Chicago.
Pearce, W. C, Chicago.
Rearick, Miss Helen E., Ashland.
Rearick, Walter, Ashland.
Richards, Irma L., Chicago.
Rodgers, W. T., Macomb.
Rohden, Helen, Chicago.
Schenck, Charles, Chicago.
Sellers, Ernest O., Chicago.
Sellers, Mrs. Ernest O., Chicago.
Shull, Charles W., Chicago.
Startup, Esther Grace, Chicago.
Thomas, Mrs. R. M., St. Anne.
Trschhoff, Rev. J. E., Pekin.
Waite, R. A., Chicago.
Warner, David S., Chicago.
Weaver, Pearl L., Chicago.
Weigle, H. J., Chicago.
Wells, Fred A., Evanston.
Wells, Mrs. Fred A., Evanston.
Williams. Rev. T. Yeoman, Chicago.
Wilson, Dr. S. A., Chicago.
Wuethrich, Herman, Chicago.
Wuethrich, Mrs. Mary, Chicago.

IOWA

Benham, Rev. A. G., Montrose.
Betts, Prof. Geo. K., Mount Vernon.
Brownell, Mrs. Fred D., Winterset.
Ernst, Rev. A. C. Keokuk.
Hahn, J. H., Colfax.
Hahn, Mrs. J. H., Colfax.
Hollenbeck, Mrs. C. A., Sioux City.
Marten, Rev. Wm., Muscatine.
Moore, Forest A.. Reasnor.
Shoemaker, Rev. G. M., Ridgway.
Shoemaker, Mrs. G. M., Ridgway.

304

FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

JAPAN

Holdcroft, James Gordon, Pyeng-

yang, Korea.
Holdcroft, Nellie C, Pyengyang,

Korea.
Newton, J. C. C, Kwanset, Gaknin,

Kobe.
Swinehart, M. L.., Kwangju, Korea.

KANSAS

Bergen, F. E., Summerfield.
Bergen, George I.. Summertield.
Cullei-, Arthur J., McPherson.
Eby, Emma H., McPherson.
Eby, Enoch H., McPherson.
Engle, J. H., Abilene.
Evans, Ida, Coffeyville.
McDowell, H. W., Miltonvale.
McEntire, Mrs. R. N., Topeka.
McEntire, R. N., Topeka.
Pugh, Nellie F., Ottawa.
Rowett, Charles, Kansas City.
Rowett, Mrs. Charles, Kansas City.
Scandrett, Hazel V., Liberal.
Switzer, Mrs. D. H., Hutchinson.
Taylor, Mary E., Kansas City.

KENTUCKY

Ashley, Rev. Thomas B., Benham.
Auxier, Mrs. Andrew Everette,

Pikeville.
Bower, W. C, Lexington.
Fritsche, Louis C, Fort Thomas.
Griffin, David H., Lexington.
Hopkins, Robert M., Covington.
Joplin, George A., Louisville.
Joplin, Mrs. George A., Louisville.
Rhodes, Paul Simpson, Clintonville.
Robbins, Mrs. Cora B., Ashland.
Sampey, John R., Louisville.
Scott, Sue B., Lexington.
Talbot, Thomas B., Louisville.
Talbot, Mrs. Thomas B., Louisville.
Vaughan, W. J., Louisville.
Wilson, Rev. E. L., Lexington.

LOUISIANA

Baker, H. L., Plattenville.
Baker, Mrs. H. L., Plattenville.
Baker, Miss Olive, Plattenville.
Campbell, J. P., Oak Grove.
Schroeder, Paul M., New Orleans.

MAINE
Ames, J. H., Bowdoinham.
Ames, Mrs. J. H., Bowdoinham.
Crandon, Miss Margaret L., Thom-

aston.
Eaton, Henry B., Calais.
Hamilton, Alexander, Old Orchard.
Havener, Mrs. Almeda, Broad Cove.
Holt, D. B., Auburn.
Hoyt, Rev. A. E., Thomaston.
Hoyt, Mrs. A. E.. Thomaston.
Hull, Rev. John J., Portland.
Lebby, Mrs. E. Perley, S. Portland.

Front, Mrs. Maud, Greene.
Russel, B. W., Carnden.
Stacey, Miss Sarah M., Lewistown.
Titus, William N., Alna.
Varney, Thomas, Windham.
Varney, Mrs. Thomas, Windham.
Wallace, Mrs. Carrie, Broad Cove.
Weir, Wesley J., Portland.
Weir, Mrs. Wesley J., Portland.

MANITOBA

Best, Cecil H., Neepawa.
Peacock, Staff Captain G. W., Win-
nipeg.
Sturtevant, Mrs., Grandview.

MARYLAND

Booth, Miss Kate H., Childs.

Ely, Miss Celeste, Baltimore.

Englar, J. Walter, New Windsor.

Fergusson, E. Morris, Baltimore.

Frankenfeld, Paul, Baltimore.

Gardner, Herbert V., Glenn Dale.

Hoener, Miss Martha K., Baltimore.

Hoener, Mrs. F. G., Baltimore.

Hurst, William O., Pocomoke.

Mubail, Orion C, Aberdeen.

Necodemus, J. D., Walkersville.

Riddle, Miss Edith Roberts, Bald-
win.

Stanforth, Homer L., Mt. Rainier.

Van Lant. W. C, Roland Park.

Warfield, Mrs. Joshua N., Jr., Wood-
bine.

Warfield, Mrs. Norman H., Wood-
bine.

Watson, Mrs. Helen Wright, Perry-
ville.

Wilson, Miss Maggie S., Baltimore.

MASSACHUSETTS

Allen, Ella B., Fall River.

Atheam, Water S., Maiden.

Bacon, Eizabeth, Worcester.

Brayton, Mrs. H. A„ Fall River.

Brown, Edward W., Boston.

Brooks, Frank L., Mansfield.

Conant, Hamilton S., Roxby.

Conant, Mrs. Hamilton S., Roxby.

Ci-ane, L. W., Brockton.

Damick, A. D., Wakefield.

Danner, W. M., Boston.

Donaldson, David R., Cambridge.

Donaldson, Mrs. David R., Cam-
bridge.

Fuller, Charles F., Worcester.

Hall, Edgar H., West Acton.

Hall. Mrs. Edgar H., West Acton.

Hartshorn, W. N., Boston.

Huntley, George E., Boston.

Kingie, Rev. Wesley, Boston.

Lawrance, William I., Auburndale.

Lawrance, Mrs. William I., Auburn-
dale.

Merrill, George R., Boston.

Peterson, F. F., Watertown.

Russell, Mary M., Dorchester.

OFFICIAL LIST OF DELEGATES

305

Swallow, George A., Gardner.
Thompson, Rev. H. E., Dorchester.
Ware, Airs. Florence Sears, Worces-
ter.
Weston, Sidney A., Boston.
Winchell, Louis E., Maiden.

MICHIGAN

Abrams, Mrs. C. S., Detroit.
Barnes, George, Howell.
Collin, Henry P., Coldwater.
Dennie, Ettie, Charlotte.
DePree, P. Henry, Zeeland.
Elson, Mrs. Carl W., Grand Rapids.
Fallamn, F. A., Flint.
Gibbs, James A., Albion.
Gibbs, Mrs. James A., Albion.
Gibbs, Ruth, Albion.
Hall, Warren Edmund, Flint.
Hurst, Harriett L., Bay City.
Hutton, Mrs. R. J., Detroit.
Kline, Fred W^, Highland Park.
LaHuis, Albert, Zeeland.
LaHuis, Mrs. Albert, Zeeland.
Landon. Angeline, Hart.
McDermid, Andrew J., Hillsdale.
McDermid, Mrs. A. J., Hillsdale.
Mieras, C. E., Detroit.
Mohr, E. K., New Buffalo.
Moore, R. R., St. Clair.
Moore, Mrs. R. R., St. Clair.
Nelson, Mabel, Detroit.
Niebuhr, Mrs. G., Detroit.
Niebuhr, Miss Hulda, Detroit.
Owens, Rev. A. H., Detroit.
Pardon, Mr, Lynde, Detroit.
Pierce, Eugene B., Howell.
Rice, Henry B., Saginaw.
Roe, Miss Marie F., Detroit.
Severn, Hermon H., Kalamazoo.
Simms, Warren J., Port Huron.
Tubbs, Glenna, Charlotte.
Warren, Edward K., Three Oaks.
Warren, Mrs. E. K.. Three Oaks.
Washburn. Fred., Benton Harbor.
West, Robert, Port Huron.
Willits, John C, Grand Rapids.
Wilson, Walter. Jr.. Detroit.
Winter, Edith N., Detroit.
Winter, F. J., Detroit.
Worden, Thomas W., Fen wick.

MINNESOTA
Locker, A. M., St. Paul.
Martin, J. H., Minneapolis.
Mather. Helen, Minneapolis.
Peck, Etta H., Minneapolis.
Saxon, Mrs. William A., Worthing-
ton.

MISSOURI

Ayars, Mrs. T. R., St. Louis.
Beard, Harriet Edna, St. Louis.
Rowmar, Herman, St. Louis.
Childress. Mrs. Pearl, Polo.
Colwell, Howard G.. St. Louis.
Harriman, Mrs. A. C. Pilot Grove.
20

Hellron, Richard, St. Louis.
Humphrey, G. W., Kansas City,
irvin. Miss Ida M., St. Louis.
Joiner, Mrs. W. B., Joplin.
Luaiow, Mrs. Norman H., Hannibal.
Mayer, Theodore, St. Louis.
Page, Mrs. R. J., Whiteside.
Ross, Mrs. C. H., Pilot Grove.
Settle, Myron C, Kansas City,
Smith, Lansing F., St. Louis.
Spencer, Mrs. Selden P., St. Louis.
Stevenson, Rev. Marion, St. Louis.
Suedmeyer, Rev. L., St. Louis.
Vieth, Paul H., St. Louis.
Walker, Harriet L., Webb City.
Walston, Mrs. C. M., Hale.
Williams, Sterling L., Kansas City.

MISSISSIPPI

Eager, Pat H., Clinton.

Gardner, Reuben J., Mound Bayou.

Goodman, G. S., Hollysprings.

Long, W. Fred, Jackson.

Scott, Reuben Ashton, Jackson.

Weaver, R. M., Corinth.

Webb, Carrie Elease, Yazoo City.

Webb, Emma Elease, Yazoo City.

Webb, John L., Yazoo City.

Winston, L. J., Yazoo City.

MONTANA

Jank, Laura E., Bozeman.

NEBRASKA
Brown, Margaret Ellen, Lincoln.
Hauke, Mrs. A. E., Wood River.
Kelly, Rev. W. C, Sargent.
Kinilenly, W. H. Lincoln.
Langley, H. G., Omaha.
Little, Mrs. Alona C, Lincoln.
P^ay, Harriet, Geneva.
Savers, Robert E., Seneca.
Starkey, Rev. N. I., Aurora.
Vail, Mrs. H. C, Albion.

NEVADA

Ray, C. L., Huntley.

NEW BRUNSWICK

Keith, Mrs. M. L., Moncton.

Kingston, W. M., Moncton.

Morgan, Ernest C, Lower South-
ampton.

Morgan, Mrs. Ernest C, Lower
Southampton.

Ross, Rev. William Alexander,
Moncton.

Simms, Lewis W., Fairville.

NEWFOUNDLAND
Thomas, W. Henry, St. Johns.

NEW HAMPSHIRE
Crew, Mrs. A. R., Pike.
Dickerman. Francis C. Pike.
Hendrick, Nellie T., Nashua.

306

FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Gage, James M., Manchester.
Gordon, Coningsby M., Hempstead.
Morey, Edwin, Nashua.
Morey, Mrs. Edwin, Nashua.
Simpson, James C, Goffstown.
Warren, Miss Sarah E., Claremont.
Wood, Tom H,, Hanover.
Yaple, George S., Nashua.

NEW JERSEY "'"^^''^^'

Ackley, Mrs. C. M. Doughty, Cam-
den.

Allen, Mrs. Harry H., Harrington.

Baldwin, Josephine L., Newark.

Barnes, Mrs. J. Woodbridge, New-
ark.

Burgess, Isaac B., Newark.

Cadwallader, Mrs. Elmer E., Tren-
ton.

Denham, Edward W., Trenton.

Denham, Mrs. Edward W., Trenton.

Edwards, William, Trenton.

Edwards, Mrs. William, Trenton.

Endicott, Allen Brown, Atlantic
City.

Everitt, Mrs. F. C, Trenton.

Glen, Miss Edith D., Newark.

Grab, John D,, Yorktown.

Grab, Mrs. John D., Yorktown.

Hall, Geo. E., Plainfield.

Hedden, Miss Frances M., Newark.

Held, Charles E., Sandy Hook.

Kilborne, Charles J., East Orange.

Kilborne, Mrs. C. J., East Orange.

Latsha, Mrs. J. S., Lyndhurst.

McKinstry, John B., Gladstone.

Moore, Robert M., Elizabeth.

Price, Rev. Samuel D., D.D.. Mont-
clair.

Richardson, L. Lf., Beverly.

Sanson, Miss Kittie M., Belle Mead.

Searing, Ida Zeliff, Newark.

Searles, Adalene Dorothy, Chester.

Searles, Elmer C, Chester.

Searles, Mrs. Elmer C, Chester.

Searles, Miss Olive M., Chester.

Sheldon, Mrs. C. S., Bloomfield.

Speer, Robert E., Montclair.

Stephen, Mrs. David A., Trenton.

Turton, Simeon D., Orange.

Vander Spek, Miss Jennie, Lynd-
hurst.

Voorhis, Ralph N., Hackensack.

Wintsch, Capt. Carl H.. Newark.

Wintsch, Mrs. C. H., Newark.

Wright, Joseph H., Trenton.

NEW YORK

Adamson. Mary, Auburn.
Albri.srht. Mrs. Joseph C, Akron.
Aldrich, Mrs. Geo. M.. Buffalo.
Allen, Helen C, Kent.
Allpn, J. J.. Buffalo.
Allison, J. Philip, Buffalo.
Altpeter. Mrs. Peter, Buffalo.
Armstrongs. Mrs. David, Buffalo.
Atwood, Mrs. W. B., Binghamton.

Babel, Henry C, Buffalo.

Backus, Alice B., Groton.

Bagshaw, E. Esther Davis, Lock-
port.

Bagshaw, Roy B., Lockport.

Bailey, A. G., Rochester.

Baker, Lyman C, Buffalo.

Bain, Rev. James A., Cattaraugus.

Bailey, Mrs. C. W., Syracuse.

Banta, Mrs. George S., Amsterdam.

Barclay, Lowe W., New York City.

Barlow, Fraser G., Middleport.

Barnes, Mrs. J. W., New York.

Bartlett, James E., Lockport.

Bates, Mrs. O. W., Buffalo.

Baun, George J., Buffalo.

Baxter, Edna M., Herkimer.

Beals, Elten H„ Buffalo.

Beals, Mrs. Elten H.. Buffalo.

Bean, Arthur, Corning.

Beck, David J., Buffalo.

Beck, Rev. H., Buftalo.

Beck, Rev. John M., Rochester.

Becker, Louise W., Buffalo.

Becktold, Mrs. Caroline, Buffalo.

Beckwith, Mrs. Bessie B., Ilion.

Beckwith, Franklin H., Ilion.

Beckwith, Mrs. W. F., Buffalo.

Beeman, Stacia I., Akron.

Benedict, Mrs. D. A., Williamson.

Bell, Mrs. A. L., Buffalo.

Bennink, Rev. J. E., Clymer.

Bender, William, Buffalo.

Benedict, Mrs. Charles, Geneva.

Benhow, Lilie F., Buffalo.

Bent, Paul, Buffalo.

Benton, Jesse R., Buffalo.

Benzie, Mrs. A. H., Buffalo.

Berg, Mary K., Albany.

Bevermann, Judson A., Buffalo.

Bills, Frederick A., Buffalo.

Bishop, O. E., Deposit. ,

Blaker, Jeannette E., Macedon Cen-
ter.

Blaney, Mrs. Edna E., Buffalo.

Blant, Joseph A., Syracuse.

Blant, Mrs. J, A., Syracuse.

Bodenbender, Mrs. H. A., Buffalo.

Bolender, Rev. Fred W., Machias.

Boiler, Chas., Buffalo.

Bonnar, Margaret E., Buffalo.

Boocock, W. H., Buffalo.

Boomhower, Rev. W. G., Troy.

Borth, Mrs. F. J., Buffalo.

Bourne, A. W,, Buffalo.

Bourne, Emma B., Buffalo.

Boyliss, Rev. E. S., Arcade.

Branch, E. F., Buffalo.

Brandt, L. Louise, Utica.

Bratt, Mrs. Agnes, Clarence Center.

Bratt, Clarence A., Clarence Center.

Bred, Mrs. A. M., Coming.

Breitwieser, Jessie L., Buffalo.

Briggs, Charles W., Mount "Vernon.

Briggs, George A., Buffalo.

Broad, Esther, Buffalo.

Brooks, Mrs. E. A., Lockport.

OFFICIAL LIST OF DELEGATES

307

Broughton, Rev. Chas. D., Buffalo.
Brown, Miss Charlotte, Rochester.
Brown, Mrs. Abner B., Watertown.
Brown, Rev. F. Audley, Boston.
Brown, trank L., New York.
Brown, Gertrude H., Lockport.
Brueck, Mina S., Buffalo.
Brun, Margaret C, Buffalo.
Brundage, Esther M., Syracuse.
Brundage, Grace M., Brooklyn.
Bryte, Mrs. C. P., Buffalo.
Bullard, Kathryn E., Buffalo.
Burke, Mrs. Mabelle, Buffalo.
Burns, Millard S., Buffalo.
Burroughs, Alice E., Seneca Falls.
Burrows, Anne E., Buffalo.
Bushnell, Carlos N., Buffalo.
Buth, Florence, Buffalo.
Cadwallader, A. S., Buffalo.
Campbell, Mrs. E. A., Buffalo.
Campbell, Inez, Buffalo.
Campbell, Mrs. John D., Buffalo.
Card, Ada S., Delphi Falls.
Cardus, Gertrude B., Rochester.
Carpenter, B. W., Bergen.
Cartwright, Alice A., New York.
Cartwright, Grace I., Alden.
Ceven, Chester, Buffalo.
Chace, Martha W., Buffalo.
Chapman, Wm. Henry, Elmira.
Chapman, Mrs. W. H., Elmira.
Chiera, Rev. George, Buffalo.
Chittick, Rev. O. F., Buffalo.
Churchill, Leroy S., Buffalo.
Churchill, Mrs. Leroy S., Buffalo.
Chadeayne, Miss May Ella, Buffalo.
Clark, Edna B., Rochester.
Clark, Irving T., Rochester.
Clark, Joseph, Albany.
Clark, Maynard C, Castill.
Clinton, Arthur, Elmira.
Clinton, Mrs. Arthur, Elmira.
Cole. L. P., Barker.
Collett, Amy T., Lockport.
Collett, Charles P., Lockport.
Comine, D. E., Bait.
Constantine, Claude D., Franklin-

ville.
Cooke, Miss Clarice, Buffalo.
Gotten, Brundell. Buffalo.
Corbet, Edward P., Rushville.
Cormack, H. H., Buffalo.
Corning, Hattie M., Groton.
Corps, Millicent, Troy.
Cowles, C. G., Angelica.
Cran, Anne C, Buffalo.
Crawford. Bessie A., Mount Morris.
Crippen, George A., Batavia.
Crocker, B. W., Buffalo.
Crosby. Mrs. Violet Bradt. Alabama.
Crosgrove, Mrs. Emma, Jamestown.
Croy, Miss Jessie, Buffalo.
Croy, Miss Margaret, Buffalo.
Croy, Ralph, Buffalo.
Kallmann, A. H.. Buffalo.
Damon, "W. T.. Buffalo.
Damon, Mrs. W. T., Buffalo.
Danforth, N. L., Buffalo.

Daniel, E. W., Buffalo.
Darling, John W., Buffalo.
Davies, Ruth T., Buffalo.
Davis, Lyman L., Buffalo.
Davis, Mrs. Lyman L., Buffalo.
Davis, Joseph L., Wellsville.
Davidson, Rev. Ethelbert L., Troy.
Dean, Caroline M., Hirscheads.
Dean, Edward S., Batavia.
Dean, Miss Laura.
Degroat, Dr. H. K., Buffalo.
Demick, Walter Edgar, Troy.
Dennie, Mrs. Calvin, Gloversville.
Dennis, Mrs. Joseph, Buffalo.
Derr, Mrs. Fannie, Nile.
Dewey, Mrs. D. T., Springville.
Dewey, Horace Elliott, New York.
Dexter, Miss Edna M., Tuscarora.
Dick, Anne E., Buffalo.
Dillenbeck, Mrs. Lillian, Schenec-
tady.
Diver, Miss Hazel. East Pembroke.
Duryee, Rev. Abram, New York.
Doane, Mrs. Bertha W., Brockport.
Doan, Wm. G., Brockport.
Dobinson, Mrs. Anna, Gloversville.
Dodds, Mrs. David, Buffalo.
Donohue, Ruth E., Middleport.
Dorland, G. E., Buffalo.
Douglas, Miss Olivia C, Locksport.
Drake, F. A, M. D., Buffalo.
Druhr, Fred H., Batavia.
Dunham, Mrs. F. H., Batavia.
Durick, Sophia, Buffalo.
Dutcher, Mrs. O. D., North Rose.
Duvall, Mrs. O. A., Solvay.
Durfee, Laura B., Elmira.
Earle, Elizabeth W., Lancaster.
Ebersole, Mrs. J. S., Buffalo.
Ebersole, W. H., Buffalo.
Eckhart, Ruth, Buffalo.
Edington, Mrs. James, Dundee.
Edson, Miss Mary, Buffalo.
Eisenberger, Henry, Buffalo.
Eiss, George W., Buffalo.
Eitel, J. F., Buffalo.
Emens, Clara R., Buffalo.
Emich, Miss Mary, Rochester.
Engelman, Fred W., Buffalo.
Ensworth, Mrs. O. W., Buffalo.
Eichenbach, Miss Nettie, Buft'alo.
Erfeing, Miss E. M., Buffalo.
Estabrook, Fred J., Dundee.
Estabrook, Mrs. F. L., Dundee.
Ethen. Rev. F. C, Dresden.
Fay. Rev. C. E., Morristown.
Fenske. Herman A., Buffalo.
Ferguson, Rev. .John, Buffalo.
Ferguson, Mrs. John, Buffalo.
Fero, Charles, Buffalo.
Ferrall, B. S., Buffalo.
Finkheiner. Rose, Buffalo.
Fiscus, Carl F., Buffalo.
Fish, Ruth A., Wamhy.
Fisher, Mrs. Burton. Amsterdam.
Fisher, Mrs. Ella M., Lackawanna.
Fisher, E. O., Buffalo.
Fisher, Fred. W., Buffalo.

308

FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Folts, Rev. S. I., North Chili.

Foran, Ida M., Buffalo.

Forbes, Miss Grace, Buffalo.

Ford, W. J., Pembroke.

Foreman, Mrs. Gertrude S., Albion.

Foss, Walter, Buffalo.

Foster, Mrs. D. D., Middleport.

Fowler, Bertha, Herkhimer.

Fox, Albert P., Savanna.

Frampton, Mrs. George, Akron.

Frank, Norma, Albany.

Frank, Miss Valida V., Gloversville.

Franklin, J. Murray, East Roches-
ter.

Frantz, Harriette S., Alden.

Freemyer, Mrs. W., Buffalo.

Friedman, Oliver A., Buffalo.

Froelich, Mildred, Buffalo.

Frost, Olive, Buffalo.

Fry, Alice S., Batavia.

Furnald, Henry N., New York.

Gace, Mrs. Chas. G., Yonkers.

Galbraith, Mrs. H. D.. Dansville.

Gallup, Mrs. C. A., Cuba.

Gates, Herbert W., Rochester.

Gattie, Mrs. Charlotte. Buffalo.

Gardner, Martin, Lockport.

Garwood, Mrs. W. B.. Groveland
Station.

Geiger, Mrs. George, Buffalo.

Geizenger, Mrs. J., Buffalo.

Gersman, Mrs. H., Buffalo.

Gervan, John S., Buffalo.

Gibbs, Merton S., Buffalo.

Guess, Charlotte E., Buffalo.

Gifford, Grace M., Ithaca.

Given, James B., Dorchester.

Glen, Edith D., New York.

Glenn, John W., Buffalo.

Glover, C. O., Schenectady.

Goodman, Fred S., New York.

Goodrich, Carl A., Port Dickinson.

Goodridge, George E., Newfane.

Grover, C. G., Buffalo.

Graser, Wm., Buffalo.

Gratefend, Hugo P., Buffalo.

Gray, Mrs. Francis A., Middleport.

Greabell, M. J., Syracuse.

Green, Albert H., Buffalo.

Gremir, W. P., Buffalo.

Gridley, James D., Nile.

Gridley, Rosa Bell, Nile.

Griffiths, Mrs. Richard, Buffalo.

Gunning, James T., Buffalo.

Gressman, Mrs. A., Hamburg.

Gressman, Mrs. Charles, Hamburg.

Gressman, Mrs. C. J., Hamburg.

Gror, Mrs. Katherine, Herndon.

Haas, Albert F., Buffalo.

Haas, Rev. Carl S., Dunkirk.

Haas, Carl S. (Mrs.), Dunkirk.

Haist, Miss Edna A., Buffalo.

Halbin, Geo. A., Buffalo.

Hall, Mrs. Emerson D., Buffalo.

Hall. Miss Nellie M., Buffalo.

Hallener, Geo., Webster.

Hanfort, Mrs. J. M., Buffalo.

Hardenberg, Mrs. Louis, Gowanda.

Harder, Edwin P.. Buffalo.
Harding, Ernest G., Stafford.
Hamilton, Mrs. A. W., Buffalo.
Hammond, Clark H., Buffalo.
Hammond, Mrs. C. H., Buffalo.
Heckin, Albert, Jr., Clymer.
Hardy, Mrs. Hil degrade, Buffalo.
Harling, Mrs. J. W., Buffalo.
Harris, Chas. A., Buffalo.
Harris, Mrs. C. A., Buffalo.
Harris, Elizabeth, Albany.
Harris, Rev. R. B., Elizabeth.
Harp, Mrs. R. W., Buffalo.
Hartwell, Francis A., Green Island.
Harwood, Frank R., Lockport.
Harwood, Mrs. Frank, Lockport.
Hassel, Rev. Conrad, Buffalo.
Hassler, John, Elmira.
Hayes, P. H., Buffalo.
Hazard, L. A., North Evans.
Hedstrom, Brenda, Williamsville.
Heinz, Ella C, Buffalo.
Heosler, Mary C, Gowanda.
Hendron, Alex, Buffalo.
Henrich, Mrs. Fred, Buffalo.
Henrich, Fred, Buffalo.
Herlan, Mrs. Albert, Buffalo.
Herman, Miss K,, Buffalo.
Hess, Chas. H., West Sand Lake.
Hickman, Herbert A., Buffalo.
Hickman, Mrs. Herbert A.. Buffalo.
Higlund, David E., Corning.
Hill, Mrs. Herbert L., New York

City.
Hill, Mrs. J. G., Hamburg.
Hixson, Miss Martha B., New York.
Hodges, Lillian C, Buffalo.
Hodges, W. M., Buffalo.
Holt, Mrs. Annette M., Niobe.
Holzwarth, Charlotte E., Buffalo.
Houck, Charles F., Buffalo.
Holzworth, Rev. A. A., Buffalo.
Hoover, Mrs. D. E., Keulsa.
Hopkins, Florence M., Buffalo.
Hopkins, Fred, Pennyan.
Hopkins, Mrs. J. F., Auburn.
Hopkinson, W. K., Buffalo.
Hopkinson, Mrs. W. K., Buffalo.
Hopping, Walter M., Buffalo.
Horton, Clinton J., Buffalo.
Horton, M. H., Buffalo.
Hotaling, Rev. Ira A., Homer.
Houlihan, Mrs. Thomas, Chester-

ville.
Howe, Miss Ida, Elmira Heights.
Howells, Willard, Cherry Creek.
Hewlett, Mrs. Freeman, Arcade.
Hubbell, Mrs. Harry H., Buffalo.
Hube, Rev. Frank C, West Seneca.
Huff, S. D., Buffalo.
Hughes, George C, Buffalo.
Hutchinson, A. C, Elmira.
Inokip, Walter F., Buffalo.
Ireland, Wm. G., Niobe.
Jackson, Mrs. B. F.. Buffalo.
Jackson, Geo. E., Buffalo.
Jackson, Mrs. Geo. A., Buffalo.
Jacobs^ Mrs. Henry S., Ithaca.

OFFICIAL LIST OF DELEGATES

309

Jacoby, Prof. Henry S., Ithaca.

Jaeger, Bertha, Buffalo.

James, Mrs. E. L., Auburn.

Jeigh, Henry, Buffalo.

Jennings, Mrs. Chas., Amsterdam.

Jenss, Mrs. W. L., Lockport.

Johnson, Miss Irene, Buffalo.

Johnson, James C, Buffalo.

Johnson, Mrs. James C, Buffalo.

Johnson, Miss Nellie A., Buffalo.

Johnson, Dr. Roy O., Bainbridge.

Jones, Mrs. Allie M., Cleveland.

Jones, Mrs. Delia A., Worcester.

Jones, Miss Leila F., Utica.

Jones, Lois, Rochester.

Jones, Wesley, Gloversville.

Jones, Mrs. Wesley, Gloversville.

Joslyn, Mrs. Charles, Buffalo.

Julius, Ella F., Buffalo.

Jung, Lena M.. Buffalo.

Kahlar F. A., D. D., Buffalo.

Kammerer, Jennie W., Gowanda.

Kellogg, Dorothy E., Buffalo.

Kendall, F., Edith, Buffalo.

Kennedy, Hugh, Buffalo.

Kennedy, John H.. Buffalo.

Kenney, Mrs. E. D., Utica.

Kenney, Mrs. Nora L., Utica.

Keopka, Ida, Westfield.

Kerr, David W., Fayette.

Kidder, Mrs. Samuel P., James-
town.

Kilgore, Blanche S., Buffalo.

King. E. H., Attica.

Kinne, "V^^olney P.. Buffalo.

Kinsley, Evelyn. Buffalo.

Kittredge, Nettie S., Rochester.

Klaasse. Jacob, Lockport.

Kling, Rev. George H., West Sand
Lake.

Knapp, Edith. Batavia.

Knapp, Rose M., Lockport.

Knell, Louis J., M. D., Buffalo.

Knell. Mrs. L. J.. Buffalo.

Kneeland. I. S., Buffalo.

Knowlas, B., Buffalo.

Koehler, Louis H.. Rochester.

Koehler, Mrs. L. E.. Buffalo.

Koenig, Otto. Buffalo.

Koepf, Elizabeth, Buffalo.

Kriby, Mrs. W. L., Buffalo.

Kulbartz. Rev. J, L., Buffalo.

Kumpf, Ida, Buffalo.

Kraemer, Charlotte M.. Buffalo.

Kraemer. Henry A., Buffalo.

Kraemer, Ida S., Buffalo.

Kreblel, Miss F. L., Clarence Cen-
ter.

Kreidler, C. M., Elmlra.

Krpidler, Mrs. C. M., Elmira.

Laflamme. H. F., New York.

Laller, Rev. Wm. A.. Largeville.

Lang, Mildred E., Buffalo.

Lawton. Rev. A. G., Angelica.

Lawbengayer, Oscar C, Buffalo,

Lawer, Harrv W.. Buffalo.

Lee. Miss May, Buffalo.

Lelumann, Rev. T., Buffalo.

Lennon, Mrs. Pauline M., Buffalo.

Lepine, J. F., Buffalo.

Leonard, Mrs. W. H., Buffalo,

Leutz, A. P., Buffalo.

Lewis, Fred A., Batavia.

Lewis, Mrs. Harry E., Buffalo.

Lewis, Jesse E., Boomville.

Lewis, Mrs. Jesse E., Boomville.

Lawton, Olin B., Rome.

Libby, Albert, Gowanda.

Lincoln, C. Arthur, Buffalo.

Lindsay, Samuel B., Buffalo.

Lindsay, Mrs. S. B., Buffalo.

Linglen, Mrs. V. J., Buffalo.

Link, George H., Buffalo.

Linklater. Robert H.. MacDougall.

Little, Miss Mabel M., Taver.

Loesch, Hugo George. Buffalo.

Long, Austin O., Buffalo.

Long, Mrs. A. O., Buffalo.

Long, Eli H., M.D., Buffalo.

Longendorfer, Elizabeth, Buffalo.

Lord, Walter R.. Buffalo.

Losey, Mrs. Nellie M.. Preble.

Lott, Mrs. J. D., Medina.

Louman, Mrs. N. B., Buffalo.

Ludwig, Marv L., Buffalo.

Lull, Delia T.. Cooperstown.

Lundy, Mrs. W. M.. Waterloo.

Lundy, W. M.. Waterloo.

Lupper, Mrs. W. E., Binghamton.

Mackav, R. Malcolm. Buffalo.

MacKey, M. U.. Buffalo.

Mackund, Mrs. D. D.. Rochester.

Mas-avim W. .1.. Buffalo.

Maher, Mrs. F. H., Mayville.

Mallison, J. F., Genoa.

Mallison. Mrs. J. F.. Genoa.

Marks, Mrs. Frank, "Buffalo.

Marr. Miss Nellie. Buffalo.

McCall. Arthur H.. Rochester.

McCall, William, Hudson Falls.

McCall. Rev. "Wm. W.. Buffalo.

McCutcheon, Mrs. H. G., Arcade.

McCutcheon. Mrs. A. J., Arcade.

McCullum, Mrs. J. A. Newfane.

McDonald. Mrs. Anna. Buffalo.

McDowell, Miss Elizabeth. Buffalo.

McDowell. J. Harold. Memnhis.

McHargue, Rev. O. T., A.M., Dun-
kirk.

McHose, Miss Lotta M., New York
City.

McKay, Elsie, Buffalo.

McKee. Alma. Newfane.

McLane, Ella C. Mill Grove.

McLean, Miss Arma. Buffalo.

McLean, Mrs. D. S.. N. Tonawanda.

McLean, I. W., Buffalo.

McTenn. John. Buffalo.

McMillan. Roscoe. Buffalo.

Mead, Miss Jennie N.. E. Aurora.

Merle. Rev. W. J., Buffalo.

Merrill. Elizabeth C. Buffalo.

Merritt. Frank. Rochester.

Metz, Mrs. R. E., Buffalo.

Meyn, Helen D., Lake View.

Michelbach, Geo. J., Binghamton.

310

FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Mickelsen, Lena C, Buffalo.
Middleton, Mrs. W., Buffalo.
Miller, Mrs. B. E.. Salamanca.
Miller, Bertha M., Buffalo.
Miller, Miss Bessie G., Buffalo.
Miller, D. H., Wellsville.
Miller, Mrs. E. J., Rochester.
Miller, Martin J.. Buffalo.
Miller, Merritt, Salamanca.
Minard, H. C, Buffalo.
Minard, Mrs. H. C, Buffalo.
Muses, C. D.. Buffalo.
Mitchell, Mrs. C. W.. Buffalo.
Moneypenny, Gertrude, Buffalo.
Monroe, Florence E., Buffalo.
Moor, George C, Brooklyn.
Moore, Rev. W. H., Newark.
Morley, Mrs. Lottie E., Ashville.
Morrill, H. E., Lockport.
Morse, George A., Williamson.
Morton, W. D.. Buffalo.
Moyer, M. S., Akron.
Mugler, Martha. Buffalo.
Muntz, John, Buffalo.
Nash, J. E., Buffalo.
Nasmith, Rev. J. S., Marion.
Nassoy, John Gilbert, Snyder.
Nebelhoer, Mrs. John A.. Buffalo.
Nelson, Rev. W. B., Buffalo.
Neumann, Louise B., Buffalo.
Newell, E. Louise. Buffalo.
Newman, Chas., Buffalo.
Newman, Ella M.. Westfield.
Newton, Mrs. Carey, Chautauqua,
Nichols, Mrs. Delia A., Buffalo.
Niven, Henry A., Rochester.
Nochren, Mrs. Henry, Wayland.
Nogle, Jean B., Rochester.
Norcriss, Rev. James E., Brooklyn.
Northern, M. P., Niagara Falls.
Notman, Mrs. Wm. A., Buffalo.
Odell, Mrs. Arthur J.. Batavia.
Oliver, W. B., New York.
O'Regan, Rev. John, Buffalo.
Orme, Rev. Thomas H., Buffalo.
Osborn, Alva J.. Varysburg.
Ostwald, Herman. Buffalo.
Ott, Harvey N.. Buffalo.
Orven, Mrs. John, Boston.
Oman, Kelly, N. Tonawanda.
Palmer, Cornelia E., TJtica.
Palmer, Miss Loie S.. Btiffalo.
Palmer, Miss Nellie F., Fredonia.
Pangboner, E. H., Dundee.
Paris, Miss Mary A.. Rochester.
Pardner. Mrs. Chas. H.. Lockport.
Parker, Miss Eva L., Batavia.
Papperman, Rev. G. A.. Lockport.
Patterson, J. J., Buffalo.
Patterson. Mrs. J. .T., Buffalo.
Paxton. Olga H.. E. Cleve.
Pear. Mrs. L. F., Buffalo.
Pease. Ernpst L.. Syracuse.
Peckham, Alicp L.. Rochester.
Pelton. J. F.. New York City.
Penrileton. Chas. S.. Oneonta.
Perkins. Mrs. Lizzie M., Covin.
Peters, Chas., Buffalo.

Petz, Stanley T., Marrilla.
Pferfer, Robert H., Sanborn.
Pfeffer, Samuel, West Valley.
Phillipson, Mrs. F. A.. Rochester.
Pierce, lone E., Hamburg.
Piatt, Clarence N.. Waterloo.
Pooley, Marion, Buffalo.
Potter, F. J., Cortland.
Potter, Mrs. F. J., Cortland.
Powell, Joseph W., Buffalo.
Preisch, Maurice E., Buffalo.
Pulk, Edw. B., Buffalo.
Purdy, Mrs. Andrew J.. Buffalo.
Race, Mrs. Ira H., Buffalo.
Raines, Gladys L., Buffalo.
Ramsey, L. Y., Ashville.
Rasmussen, C. A., West Clarksville.
Rasmussen, Mrs. Maria, Rochester.
Rast, Miss L. M.. Buffalo.
Rat cliff, Darius M., Jamestown,
Rathrock, Wm. H., Sardinia.
Read, Mrs. Edward H., Buffalo.
Redmun, Miss Jean, Cleveland.
Reeb. Clara C, Buffalo.
Reeb, Lauretta M., Buffalo.
Reeb, M. A., Buffalo.
Reed, Henry A., Kenmore.
Reed, — , Buffalo.
Reed, Horace. Buffalo.
Reed, Mrs. Horace, Buffalo.
Reisley, Mrs., Buffalo.
Reller, J. Otto, Buffalo.
Relph, Mrs. H., Buffalo.
Rendell, Geo. E., Utica.
Retler, Otto. Buffalo.
Revell. Fleming H.. Jr., New York.
Rex, Rev. H., Webster.
Rice, H. Whitney, Buffalo.
Rich, Mrs. J. M., Buffalo.
Richtmyer, William J., Hamel.
Rider, Rev. Daniel. West Kendall.
Ripton, Ruth, Schenectady.
Rivers, Joseph, Seneca Castle.
Roberts. John E., Westfleld.
Robillard, Laura E.. St. Anne.
Robinson, Mrs. J. S., Buffalo.
Robson, LeGrand O., Lockport.
Robson, Mrs. LeGrand O., Lockport.
Rodg-ers, Mrs. J. B., Buffalo.
Rogers, A. H.. GloveT-sville.
Rogers. Mrs. A. H.. Gloversville.
Rogers, C A., GlovprsAille.
Roerers, E. Albert, Lockport.
Rogers. Mrs. E. Albert, Lockport.
Tfose. S. Edward, Elmira.
Roosa, Mabel P.. Buffalo.
Ross, Emma Dean. Trov.
Ross. Mrs. James A., Buffalo.
Rozell, Mrs. C. C, Auburn.
Rozell. Rpv. Wm. P., Romnlu?'.
RusspII, Mrs. Carrie. Northville.
■Rnssell. Mrs. E. A.. Buffalo.
Rm^nn. Walter R.. Port Chester.
Rvdpr. "FT. S.. Cobleskiel.
Ryder. Mrs. E. S.. r<oMeskiel.
f^arket^". Corrplius .T.. Dundee,
fffldier, Will. Tonawanda.
Saith, Christian F., Buffalo.

OFFICIAL LIST OF DELEGATES

311

Sala, John B., Buffalo.

Sala, Mrs. John P., Buffalo.

Sanderson, Elizabeth. Buffalo.

Sanderson, Myron M., Buffalo.

Savige, Geo. R., Berkshire.

Sate, B. W., Buffalo.

Sauer, C. L., Jr., Buffalo.

Sauerlander, Mrs. Gertrude, Buffalo.

Savage, Geo. W., Batavia.

Schauer, Rev. John, Lockport.

Schauss, Daniel, Albany.

Scherer, Rev. Paul E., Buffalo.

Schlenker, Rev. Geo., Attica.

Schlenker, Anna M., Buffalo.

Schmidt, Rev. R. A., Buffalo.

Schmidt, Max B., Binghamton.

Schmidt, Mrs. Max B., Binghamton.

Schneider. Nellie S., Niagara Falls.

Schultz, Miss Arma J., Buffalo.

Schultz, Mrs. Fred, Forks.

Schultz, Harriet F.. Buffalo.

Schweigert. Mrs. R., Burt.

Schwenk, Frederick William, Buf-
falo.

Scott, Miss Mary, Buffalo.

Searles, J. "Wesley. Genesee.

Sears. Miss Alice P.. Buffalo.

Seitz, Elizabeth M.. Buffalo.

Seligmann. Mrs. "William J., Buffalo.

Senard. Ora M., Batavia.

Sents, Harvey. Gloversville.

Sevnour. Mrs. O. H., Buffalo.

Shafleigh, Frederick E., "Williams-
ville.

Shame, Mrs. G. A.. Buffalo.

Shauffler. Rev. W. H., Buffalo.

Shaul. Mrs. O. E.. Ilion.

Shaw, Mrs. Bessie Lee, Albion.

Shaw, Edna M.. Buffalo.

Shaw, Emma C, Buffalo.

Shaw. James A.. Albion.

Shearer, Frank F.. "Lockport.

Shearer, Mrs. Frank F., "Lockport.

Sheeler. Mrs. A. S.. Rochester.

Shepard. A. D.. Drinkerd.

Sheppard, "W. F.. Buffalo.

Sherwood. Mrs. Arthur. Buffalo.

Shirley. H. A.. Endicott.

Shune. Tvivingston T).. New York.

Pihole, "Rarton P., "Buffalo.

Slboie. Mrs. J. "L.. Buffalo.

S'mms. Fred P.. .Tamestnwn.

Simnson. Harrv Grant. Brookl^m.

Slinnpr, "Rpv. C T>.. Buffalo.

Plae-ht. Nellie R.. Schpripctady.

S^itVi, Mrs. Albert. Buffalo.

Smith, Tfpv. C. McT>pnr?. "RnfPalo.

Srnlth, iv^rs. "Danipl. "Pochestpr.

SmUh, Ernest C. Buffalo.

R^HV). .Tnhn C, "Ruffaio.

PJ-mitb. "^^arion, Fnst Anrorq.

ST-ith Mrs S. "W , Alh'np.

Svni+b. Mrs. "^7-. TT.. BnfFnlo.

Pnvder. E. A. Painted Poqt.

Somprs, Ppv. Hnr'^v T e^. Berrrpr<.

Somprs. ■^''■rs. Harr"^' T^pp, ""^prcen.

Somers. Mrs. Isabella J., TJtica.

Somerville, Mrs. Jessie B., Glovers-
ville.

South, Mrs. Mabel J., Binghamton.

Southerton, "Walter I., Brooklyn.

Sowers, P. P., Pavilion.

Spalth, Olivia E., Buffalo.

Spare, Rev. B., Blasdell.

Spinner, Miss Lena, Buffalo.

Springborn, Edna L., Buffalo.

Springstead, E. R., Elmira.

Stafford, Fred P., New York.

Stanton, Frank "W., Buffalo.

Staub, Katherin E., Buffalo.

Steinmetz, Miss Charlotte C, Buf-
falo.

Stengel, Drusilla H., Buffalo.

Stearns, Edith L., Buffalo.

Steen, Burnside, Hornell.

Stern, Florence R., Buffalo.

Stichel, Mrs. E. H., Buffalo.

Steven. Arthur F., Rainapo.

Stoll, Rudolph Carl, Snyder.

Stoody, John H., Buffalo.

Stork, Mrs. Daniel G.. Waverly.

Storner, Mrs. Geo., Buffalo.

Street, Katherine M., Buffalo.

Streibert, Henry. Albany,

Streich, Rev. H. L., New York.

Stooker, "Wilhelmina. New York
City.

Stresser, G. H., Buffalo.

Stumpf, Daniel B., Buffalo.

Suess, Mrs. Emma. Millgrove.

Suffert. W. H., Buffalo.

Sutcliffe. Herbert E., Salamanca.

Sy, A. P., Buffalo.

Talla'day, Alta, Auburn.

Tallman. B. G., Buffalo.

Tanke, Eugene, Buffalo.

Tate. Benj. W., Buffalo.

Taylor, Emory A., Buffalo.

Teller, Mrs. A. G., Port Jervls.

Tewksbury, Mrs. C. E., Bingham-
ton.

Thatcher. Frank N., Buffalo.

Thomas. Mrs. "W. G., Buffalo.

Thompson, .T. J., S'\Tacuse.

Thompson, Peter. Buffalo.

Thorn, Mrs. G. "W.. Corninar.

Tinder, Miss Harriet M.. Buffalo.

Tingler. Rev. V. Z.. Buffalo.

Tomlinson, Frederick "W.. Elbridge.

Tomllnson, Mrs. F. W.. Elbridge.

TonmvtT. Mabpl B., Buffalo.

Toth, Helen. New York Citv.

Toy. Edward C, Buffalo.

Towns, Mary T/oulse. Buffalo.

Trimhv. Alice M.. Rorhester.

Turnbull. Mrs. F.. Buffalo.

T'urner, J. "W.. Jamestown.

Turnpr, Mrs. R. C. Oswpp-o.

Tnttle, Mr?? A. J W.. Buffalo.

Tnttlp. Den T... "Rnffalo.

TwppViell. Rpv. Edmund W.. Gl^ns
Falls.

T-weedalp. Frs^nk. Jamestown.

^^'Ipr. T'Pon, Grovel and.

Tylpr, Mrs. Mabel, Buffalo.

312

FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Uiiholz, A. F., Buffalo.

Utley, M. O.. Elmira.

Utley, Mrs. M. O.. Mmira.

Van Derhoy, Marsaille, Ithaca.

Van Zanoh, Arma, Buffalo.

Varley, Mrs. Phoebe, Buffalo.

Vetter, Mrs. A. E., Buffalo.

Wagner, Rev. F. C, Buffalo.

Wagner, W., Buffalo,

Wagner, Wm. A., Brooklyn.

Wagner, Wm. F., Buffalo.

Waldron, Mrs. Mary, Buffalo.

Walker, John W.^ Newfane.

Walker, Wm. A., Warsaw.

Wallace, Mrs. E. G., Auburn.

Wallace, Rev. Guy D., Buffalo.

Wardwell, Mary M., Buffalo.

Warner, Mrs. Katherine M., Niobe.

W^aters, Alfred N., Buffalo.

Wattles, Mrs. J. B., Buffalo.

Weaver, Rev. A. E., Nunda.

Weaver, Mrs. A. E., Nunda.

Weaver, Albert W., Buffalo.

Weaver, Mrs. Albert W., Buffalo.

Weaver, Mrs. Chas. A., Buffalo.

Weaver, Mrs. W. R.. Buffalo.

Webb, Rev. W. T., McDonough.

Weidemiller, Amelia E., Buffalo.

Weidemiller, Sophia H., Buffalo.

Weis, Helen, Buffalo.

Weidler, Victor C. Buffalo.

Weisle, Rev. E., Buffalo.

Wells, Seward, Buffalo.

Wells, William F., WilliamsviHe.

Wenger, Carl W., Buffalo.

Werheim, Dr. W. F., Buffalo.

Wesp, Arthur P., Buffalo.

Weest, Edith W., Gowanda.

Wetmore, J., Buffalo.

White, Mrs. W. Sumner, Elmira.

Whitford, W. C, Alford.

Whitman, Ruth, Buffalo.

WTiittaker, Mrs. Chas., Buffalo.

Widmer, Ella G.,, Buffalo.

Willard, Fred C, Little Valley.

Williams, Leon O., Buffalo.

Willis, Eldrich J., Auburn.

Wiederhauser, J. E., Buffalo.

Winchester, M. J., Fredonia.

Winkler, Mrs. Herman C, Buffalo.

Winner. Mary E., Gardenville.

Winning, Stuart A., Salamanca.

Witmer, Malcham L., Niagara FaUs.

Wittle, Mrs. Geo.. Buffalo.

Wittlinger. Rev. O. E., Buffalo.

Wixson. Mrs. Herbert, Wayne.

Wood. Julia N.. M.D., Buffalo.

Woodman. Stanley E.. Earlville.

Woodward. Mrs. L. J.. Buffalo.

Woodworth, C. H.. Buffalo.

Word. Chas. J., Weedsport.

Wrav, Ernest Hunter. Buffalo.

Wright. Mrs. Claude L.. Elmira.

Wright, Miss Ethel A., Coopers-
town.

Wright, Mrs. John T., Niagara
Falls.

Winsch. Jule, Buffalo.

Wunt, Cora, Buffalo.

Wylie, D. Webster, New York Citv.

Wylie, Mary B., Niagara Falls.

Young, Mrs. J. C, Buffalo.

Young, Rev. S. H., D.D.. New York.

Young, Mrs. Wm. D., Derby.

Zwilling, Rev. Paul R.. Buffalo.

NORTH CAROLINA.
Dixon, Rev. A. G., High Point.
Dixon, P. S., Graham.
Harper, William Allen, Elon Col-
lege.
Stockton, Rev. E., Winston-Salem.
Watts, Geo. W., Durham.
Watts, Mrs. Geo. W., Durham.
Wicker, Rev. W. C, Elon College.

NORTH DAKOTA

Bolton, Mrs. A. E. M., Jamestown.
Garrison, James C, Fargo.
Gensinger, J. J., Bisbee.
Johnson, Margaret H., Fullerton.
Lane, W. J., Fargo.
Lane, Mrs. W. J., Fargo.
Palmer, Bertha, Fargo.
Preston, Fred O., New Rockford.
Preston, Mrs. Fred O., New Rock-
ford.
Stevens, John Floyd, Grand Forks.
Van Kleeck, Jas. A., Fargo.
Widdefield, J. W., Leal.

NORTH INDIA

White, Maria, Sialkot.

NOVA SCOTIA

MacDonald, D. W., New Glasgow.
MacDonald, Mrs. D. W., New Glas-
gow.

OKLAHOMA

Hickman, J. B., Durant.
Hickman, Mrs. J. B., Durant.
Matthews, W. A., Sallisaw.

OHIO

Adams, Mrs. Grin A., Bowling

Green.
Aiken, Earl F., Youngstown.
Aikin, John P., Bellefontaine.
Allen, M. Maud. Conneaut.
Arnold, Arthur T., Columbus.
Bachman, Mrs. W. H., Bowling

Green.
Bailey, Rev. W. E., Columbus.
Barclay, W. C, Cincinnati.
Barnthous, Zoe E.. Upper Sandusky.
Beck, W. F., Medina.
Beekley, Rev. C. E., Gratis.
Berger, F. C. Cleveland.
Berry, Mrs Wm. H., Cleveland.
Berry, Wm. H., Cleveland.
Blinn, Mrs. Chas., Steuben ville.
Brewbaker, Chas. W., Dayton, i

OFFICIAL LIST OF DELEGATES

313

Brick er, D. A., Utica.

Chubbuck, Florence S., Cleveland.

Christenson, Henry J., Dayton.

Clippinger, W. G., Westerville.

Cole, Horace Ellsworth, Midvale.

Cosner, Dr. E. H., Dayton.

Cowden, Robert, Dayton.

Curtiss, Miss Mabel E., Lancaster.

Curtiss, Mrs. Phebe A., Columbus.

Darnoll, Blair, Ashtabula.

Davis, A. E., Portage.

Davis, Mrs. Addison E., Portage.

Digel, Lilian M., Massillon.

Dinerstein, A. H., E. Liverpool.

Eastman, Mrs. F. E., Peninsula.

Edgar, L. B., Camp Sherman.

Eldredge, Bessie T., Cincinnati.

Eudaly, W. A., Middletown.

Faris, Chas. Nelson, Toledo.

Faris, Miss Lilie A., Lynchburg.

Fuhr, Stanley N., "Williamsburg.

Fishley, John, Bellevue.

Fisk, Rev. Chas. L., Cleveland.

Flickinger, L. J., Medina.

Foster. Hazel E., Cleveland.

Free, Joseph L., Cleveland.

Fi-eund, Gottlieb H., Steubenville.

Fries, W. O., Dayton.

Fuhr, J. C, Williamsburg.

Fuhr, Mrs. S. W., Williamsburg.

Fuhr, Mrs. J. C, Williamsburg.

Gast, Oscar M., Hamilton.

Giles, H. E., Ashtabula.

Giles, Mrs. H. E., Ashtabula.

Goller, E. D., Fayette.

Goller, Mrs. Edna, Fayette.

Graham, Miss Martha V., Colum-
bus.

Haylor, Ruth D., Akron.

Hecox, Mrs. Laura C, Columbus.

Heidlebaugh, A. M., Columbus
Grove.

Heidlebaugh, Mrs. A. M., Columbus
Grove.

Helfenstein, Samuel Q., Dayton.

Henderson, John J., Cleveland.

Hindley, J. G., Ashtabula.

Hirchert, Mrs. F. A., Cleveland.

Holmes, F. Irene, East Cleveland.

Holmes, Gladys L., East Cleveland.

Hommeyer, Charles, Cincinnati.

Honline, M. A., Dayton.

Horning. Rev. J. B., Conneaut.

Keppel, Chas. J., Monroeville.

Kramer, Howard A., Cleveland.

Kramer, Mrs. J. Lawrence, Bowling
Green.

Kring, Walter D., Cleveland.

Lattier, Mrs. D., Cincinnati.

Lewis, Hazel A., Cincinnati.

Linch. Harvey W., Brunswick.

Loe, H. A., Ohio City.

Loew, Rev. R. J., Marion.

Long, Rev. Wm. G., Liverpool.

Lubrandt, Rev. R. R., Lanesville.

Lusk, Edith M., Steubenville.

Maus, Cynthia Pearl, Cincinnati.

McCall, R. J., Ashtabula.

McCofferty. Florence, Cincinnati.

McLeish, Cora B., Steubenville.

Marten, Theodore, Lorain.

Metzler, Mrs. Attie H., Columbus.

Meyer, Henry H., Cincinnati.

Mumow, D. W., Youngstown.

Myers, Walter Edward, Cleveland.

Nipus, Clara L., Cincinnati.

Owen, J. W., Dayton.

Palmer, Mary C, Youngstown.

Paxton, Olaga H., East Cleveland.

Priestly, Joseph E., Youngstown.

Rabe, Thomas H., Canton.

Rabe, Miss Louise, Canton.

Rathbun, N., Dayton.

Reinheimer, J. W., New Peru.

Reinheimer, Mrs. M. A., New Peru.

Rentenick, O. O., Cleveland.

Richmond, Ira S., Dayton.

Rhoades, J. D.. Toledo.

Robinson, Miss Iram V., Akron.

Robinson, W. M., Akron.

Robinson, Mrs. W. M., Akron.

Roe, Chas. M., Cincinnati.

Rynder, T. Lee, Toledo.

Schoedinger, Emma L., Columbus.

Schoedinger, Miss Helen M., Colum-
bus.

Sheridan, Harold J., Cincinnati.

Shinn, C. W., Toledo.

Shorb, Mrs. J. E., Canton.

Shults, Rev. Frank A., Dayton.

Sincicome, Forman, Canton.

Slocum, Dr. Belle, Toledo.

Staebler, Chas., Cleveland.

Taben, D. L., Bowling Green.

Taylor, Alta L., Akron.

Theobolt, William G., Archbold.

Thornton, E. W., Cincinnati.

Tilcock, Fred H., Columbiana.

Turkopp, Leonora, Columbus.

Valentine, Arthur G., Wauseon.

Wagner, Mrs. W. H., Youngstown.

Waite, Mrs. Alta, Cleveland.

Walker, Rev. Sheridan T., Fayette.

Wilcox, Mabel, Cuyahoga Falls.

Wood, Mrs. Olive E., Bowling
Green.

Wygant, Miss Nellie J., Pataskala.

Yoder, D. Carl, East Cleveland.

Yoder, Mrs. D. Carl, East Cleve-
land.

Young, Mrs. Georgia Lee, Toledo.

ONTARIO

Atkin, Clarence T., Inwood.
Austin, W. R., Toronto.
Bale, Mrs. Effie, Waterford.
Banting, A. N., Alliston.
Banting, Mrs. A. Nelson,' Alliston.
Barnes, C. H., Toronto.
Bartlett, Samuel Thomas, Toronto.
Bilger, Mrs. Clara A., Kitchener.
Bilger, John Edward, Kitchener.

314

FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Bourjer, Mrs. W. E., Brantford.

Breithaupt, A. L., Kitchener.

Breithaupt, M. Edna, Kitchener.

Breithaupt, F. A., Kitchener.

Breithaupt, Lillian, Kitchener.

Britnell, Agnes M., Toronto.

Burgess, William Henry, Chatham.

Burton, M. E., Hamilton.

Cafley, Ernest D., North Toronto.

Cameron, J. W., Hamilton.

Carling, Winifred E., Brantford.

Cole, Janet, Leamington.

Cousin, John A., Hamilton.

Cunningham, William John, Ham
ilton.

Dayfoot, Philo K., Toronto.

Eby, Miss Laura M., N. Kitchener.

Ferguson, J. R., Peterboro.

Ferguson, Lucy H., Toronto.

Fletcher, Rev. W. P., Keswick.

Fletcher, Mrs. W. P., Keswick.

Foster, Mrs. Mary, Toronto.

Fox, Gertrude, Camsville.

Fraser, R. Douglas, Toronto.

Gibson, Theron, W. Toronto.

Graham, Miss H. Isabella, Seaforth.

Guy, Mrs. Fred, Toronto.

Hall, John R., Sarnia.

Halpenny, Mrs. E. W., Toronto.

Halpenny, T. A., Ottawa.

Hamilton, W., Toronton.

Hamilton, Mrs. W., Toronto.

Harrison, T. F., Cobourg.

Harrison. Mrs. T. F., Cobourg.

Hauch, J. P., W. Kitchener.

Henderson, Mrs. A. E., Toronto.

Hiltz, William Wesley, Toronto.

Hipwell, J. R., Alliston.

Hockey, J. E., Niagara Falls.

Hockey, Mrs. J. E., Niagara Falls.

Hord, Isaac, Mitchell.

Hord, Mrs. Isaac, Mitchell.

Inrig, William, Toronto.

Jamison, Mrs. Winnlfred B., Sincoe.

Jeffs, F. W., St. Catherines.

Kannawin, William M., Toronto.

Kearney, A. H., Toronto.

Kelly, Miss Lillie M., Toronto.

Kitchen, Eliza Martha, Waterford.

KIrkland, W. S., Toronto.

Knox, Wm. J., Loudan.

Langford, Rev. Frank. Toronto.

Lalne, Miss Bertha, Toronto.

Lewis, Nellie M., Toronto.

Machell, Wm., Jarvis.

MacLean, Malcolm Archibald, To-
ronto.

McCalla, Mary D., Niagara Falls.

McClaren, John H., East Toronto.

Maddock, Florence H,, Toronto.

May, Alice E., Toronto.

McClure, Margaret B., Toronto.

McKerrol, Mrs. D. T. L., Toronto.

McLean, Rev. B. R., Kingston.

Medd, W. G., Woodham.

Medd, Mrs. W. G., Woodham.

Menzies, Mrs. J. M., Leamington.

Merrill, Bert Ward, Toronto.

Mills, Miss Ruby, Hamilton.

Musselman, Amos B., Kitchener.

Myers, C. A., Toronto.

Norton, Rev. J. N. A., London.

Pletch, Rev. A. E., Hamilton.

Plewman, Alfred E., Toronto.

Pnrig, Catherine, Toronto.

Quarrington, Geo. K., Toronto.

Quinn, Herbert L., Boumanville.

Ranton, W. G., Brantford.

Reid, Edward E., London.

Rhind, Miss L. M., Toronto.

Roger, Mrs. H. S., Peterboro.

Rome, Wilfred S., Woodstock.

Rome, Mrs. W. S., Woodstock.

Saurin, W. J., Port Colborne.

Shantz, U. B., Kitchener.

Shantz, Mrs. U. B., Kitchener.

Skeith, Brownell, East Hamilton.

Skinner, Mrs. Arthur W., Paris.

Southcott, J. M., Exeter.

Spence, W. J., Toronto.

Steele, Omer L., Port Colborne.

Stewart, Frederick W., St. Cather-
ines.

Taggart, Miss Mabel, Toronto.

Thomas, Miss Victoria M., Toronto.

Thompson, F. E., St. Thomas.

Thompson, Fred W., Brantford.

Thompson, Mrs. Fred W., Brant-
ford.

Toll, Edwin W., Hamilton.

Wallace, Mae E., Sarnia.

Well wood, Harold E., Aurora.

Wing, Daniel H., Toronto.

OREGON
Danenhower, Mrs. M. A., Portland.
Humbert, Harold F., Portland.

PENNSYLVANIA

Adrlance, Albert G., New Lexing-
ton.

Bailey, John M., Avalon, Pitts-
burgh.

Bailey, Mrs. J. M., Avalon, Pitts-
burgh.

Banks, Howard A., Philadelphia.

Bartlett, Rev. S. P., Conneaut Lake.

Baxter, Elsie M., Beaver Falls.

Benner, Carl O., Coatesvllle.

Bishop, Jesse, Stroudsburg.

Black, Mrs. L P., Philadelphia.

Blair, Florence, Philadelphia.

Blew, Mary A., Kane.

Boyer, Miss Lena, Bradford.

Brady, Mrs. Sarah B., Queensburg.

Brockway, C. E., Sharon.

Brown, O. C, Philadelphia.

Buckmaster, Mrs, Alice, Bradford.

Bull, Margaret B., Easton.

Bunce, Mrs. W. H., Kane.

Burkett, Rev. W. O., Coalport.

Burket, Mrs. May, Coalport.

OFFICIAL LIST OF DELEGATES

315

Burns, C. H., Sharon.

Burns, Mrs. C. H., Sharon.

Cadwell, Rev. H. W., Canton.

Campbell, Rev, R. D., Rochester

Caulkins, T. Vassar, Condersport.

Chalmers, Rev. W. E., Philadelphia.

Chick, John B., Titusville.

Clumenhega, Asa W., Grantham.

Cole, John H., Coatsville.

Coleman, Thos. L., Tyrone.

Coleman, Mrs. T. L,., Tyrone.

Colman, Mrs. Chas., Coatsville.

Cook, Mrs. J. Paul, Vicksburg.

Cooper, Miss Frances A., Monon-
gahela.

Correll, Harry W., Beaver Falls.

Craig, Percy L., New Castle.

Craig, Mrs. Percy L., New Castle.

Crawford, Mrs. Henrietta, N. S.
Pittsburgh.

Crowther, Glenn H., Grove City.

Culbert, Raymon, Elizabeth.

Curry, Joseph L., Jeannette.

Davis, Mrs. Geo. R., Queenstown.

Dawson, Mrs. Emma D., Charleroi.

Dean, Esther, N. S. Pittsburgh.

Decker, Roy M., Stroudsburg.

DeGoher, Eloie M., Bradford.

Dickie, Mrs. Samuel A., Pittsburgh.

Dirks, Leonard R., Philadelphia.

Ealer, Florence J., Philadelphia.

Easton, Philip Rhoades, Strouds-
burg.

Easton, Mrs. W. B., Stroudsburg.

Edwards, Rev. J. Earle, Greenville.

Emmons, P. K., Stroudsburg.

Elliott, Adda M., Beaver Falls.

Emmons, Mrs. P. K., Stroudsburg.

Erb, Frank Otis, Philadelphia.

Fairclough, Rev., Philadelphia.

Fallbush, Mrs. S., Pittsburgh.

Fares, Samuel B.. Philadelphia.

Faris, John T., Philadelphia.

Fierstone, N. B., Bolivar.

Flamery, Mrs. C. F., New Castle.

Forsythe, Jos. R., Uniontown.

Foster, Myra. Beaver Falls.

Fox, Henry C, Philadelphia.

Fox, Rev. Samuel, Duncannon.

Friedline, Edward J., Jones Mills.

Friedline, Mrs. Jessie, Jones Mills.

Gearhart, Roberta, Stroudsburg.

Gerwig, Albert H.. Pittsburgh.

Gill, Samuel E., Pittsburgh.

Goodfellow, Mrs. Alfred, Coatesville.

Gottschall, Robert J., Norristown.

Graffins, Mrs. W. E., Tyrone.

Granquest, Mrs. O. O., Warren.

Gray, T. L., Carlisle.

Gray, Mrs. T. L., Carlisle.

Graybeill, J H., St. Marys.

Griffin, Geo. F., Smithfield.

Griffin, Mrs. Geo., Smithfield.

Haig, Norman Russell, West Phila-
delphia.

Hall, F. H., New Castle.

Hallett, E. W., Canton.

Hallett, Mrs. E. W., Canton.

Hamilton, Grace, Sharon.

Harlow, Annie S., Philadelphia.

Hartman, Rev. Harry A., Miffiing-
burg.

Harvey, Ives, Belleforte.

Harvey, Mrs. I. L., Belleforte.

Hauser, C. A., Philadelphia.

Heinz, H. J., Pittsburgh.

Heinz, Henrietta D., Pittsburgh.

Hickman, Edith B., Sharon.

Highfield, Chas. A., Harbor Creek.

Hoffman, A. B., Somerset.

Holeman, A. B., Springville.

Holfelder, Miss Mae, Philadelphia.

Holler, Mrs. Friedricka, Williams-
port.

Holler, Millicent, Williamsport.

Holliday, Margaret, Wilkinsburg.

Holmes, Louis J., Warren.

Hoover, Harvey E., Bloomsburg.

Hoover, Rev. P. H., Bloomsburg.

Hoover, Mrs. P. H., Bloomsburg.

Houston, Wm. J., Dimock.

Hughes, Richard C, Philadelphia.

Ice, Harry L., Beaver Falls.

Ingold, J. W., Indiana.

James, Mrs. J. D., Scranton.

Jordon, W. Edward, Philadelphia.

Johnson, J. T., Ridgway.

Johnson, Mrs. J. T., Ridgway.

Johnson, Norman, Orviston.

Johnston, Mrs. Jas. I., Pittsburgh.

Kanage, Elmer, New Castle.

Kane, L. Grace, Philadelphia.

Kamell, Mrs. A. W., Philadelphia.

Keeny, Alexander, Philadelphia.

Kerns, Miss Mary B., Coatesville.

Kinnear, James W., Pittsburgh.

Kinnear, Jeannette, Pittsburgh.

Kinnear, Mrs. J. W., Pittsburgh.

Knouse, M. E., Biglerville.

Kuhns, Isabel, Oil City.

Lady, Hiram C, Arendtsville.

Laing, J. W., Coalport.

Lampe, Rev. William E., Phila-
delphia.

Landes, W. G., Philadelphia.

Landes, Mrs. W. G., Philadelphia.

Lanning, R. L., Pittsburgh.

Lansing, James A., Scranton.

Lauffer, J. Iddings, Evans City.

Lee, Judson J., Stroudsburg.

Leslie, M. W., New Castle.

Lewis. Miriam M., Philadelphia.

Martin, Edna, Bradford.

Martin, L. A., Canton.

McCoy, Benj. N., Kane.

McCullough, Samuel H., Altoona.

McGinnity, Bessie J.. Pittsburgh.

McGough, Miss Katherine, Monon-
gahela.

McKenrick, Mrs. P. M., Kittanning.

Mcleurd, E. E.. Lebanon.

Mcleurd, Mrs. E. E., Lebanon.

316

FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

McNees, Miss Mary F., Butler.

Messenger, G. L., Ellwood City.

Meyers, A. Edith, Philadelphia.

Michaels, Mrs. Geo. D., Thomas-
burg.

Miller, Pierce, Somerset.

Mincemoyer, Geo. A., Renovo.

Mincemoyer, Mrs. Geo. A., Renovo.

Moats, Mrs. Allen A., Philadelphia.

Morrison, Rev. E. W., Beach Lake.

Morse, Miss Winona F., Driftwood.

Newton, William K.,, East Strouds-
burg.

Niemeyer, Louise W., Williamsport.

Norton, Florence E., Philadelphia.

Nuttall L. W., Philipsburg.

Nuttall, Mrs. L. W., Philipsburg.

Nutting. Elizabeth, Erie.

Ober, Henry K., Elizabethtown.

Oberholtzer, Menno G., Allentown.

Oliver, Chas. A., York.

Oliver, Mrs. Sadie B., York.

Orwig. P. G., Philadelphia.

Owens, Wm. G., Lewisburg.

Page, Rev. Chas. L., Charleroi.

Paterson, Agnes. Warren.

Pearson, Rev. T. W., Franklin.

Pearson, Mrs. T. W., Franklin.

Ppnniman. Geo. W., Pittsburgh.

Peters, Mrs. A. H., Wilkesbarre.

Pfromm. Adam, Philadelphia.

Pratt, Mrs. Stella S., Mansfield.

Quig. Miss Carrie, Philadelphia.

Raffety, W. Edward. Philadelphia.

Ranagan, Mrs. W. C, Philadelphia.

Raney, O. W., Sharon.

Reeder, Jere, Shamokin.

Reeder, Mrs. J., Shamokin.

Reel, William D., Philadelphia.

Reid, Thomas C, Philadelphia.

Richman, D. T., Philadelphia.

Riddell, Mary E., Philadelphia.

Ridgway, W. H., Coatesville.

Roat, Mrs, G. M., Kingston.

Robertson. Florence, Scranton.

Robinson. Martin E., Bloomsburg.

Robinson, Rev. W. H., Shippenvllle.

Robison, Mrs. W. S., Bradford.

Ross, J. M., Erie.

Ross, Mrs. J. M., Erie.

Royer. Grace V., Lewisburg.

Russell, Rose M., Wilkinsburg.

Ryle, Mrs. R., Stroudsburg.

Schaner, Marie, Pittsburgh.

Schreiber, Elsa R., McDonald.

Schroeder, Mary Elizabeth, Erie.

Schuster, Wm. H.. Erie.

Scribner, Mrs. John H., Phila-
delphia.

Shelgren, O. L., Bradford.

Smart, Jack S., Amot.

Smart, Mrs. Jack S.. Arnot.

Smith, Miss Jeanie C. Sheffield.

Smith, Lillie M., Belief onte.

Smith, Wm. H., Pine Grove.

Smith, Mrs. Wm. H., Pine. Grove,

Slick, Mrs. Jennie E., Altoona.

Somerndike. John M., Philadelphia.

Speicher, H. B., Rockwood.

Speicher, Mrs. H. B., Rockwood.

Spiker, Rev. W. W., New Brighton.

Sterrett, Adella R., Erie.

Stewart, Mrs. Mary L.. Pittsburgh.

Stitt, Rev. TVilson, Spangler.

Stratton, Mrs. J. L.. New Castle.

Strode. Mrs. Charles, Coalsville.

Sturgeon, Blanche, Beaver Falls.

Sultner, Alice A., York.

Sutherland, Allan, Philadelphia.

Tayler, P. T., Shippensburg.

Thompson, Isabella. Philadelphia.

Thompson, Roy Valentine, Phila-
delphia.

Thompson, Mrs. W. K.. Phila-
delphia.

Tressler, T. W., Erie.

Wagner, John W., Coalport.

Walters, Mrs. J. E., Warren.

Wanner, C. B., St. Marys.

Wayne. Rev. T. R., Vandergrift.

Wayne, Mrs. T. R., Vandergrift.

Weber, Miss Mabel, Philadelphia.

Weeks, Nan F.. Philadelphia.

West, Mrs. W. C, Pittsburgh.

Whiteman, Rev. J. H., Belle Vernon.

Wilbur, Chas. Edgar, Bellevue.

Willard, Oliver Harry, Philadelphia.

Willard, Mrs. O. H., Philadelphia.

Willcock, Mrs. Alice, Philadelphia.

Williams, G. P., Philadelphia.

Williams, John L., Dickinson.

Williamson, C. J.. New Castle.

Williamson, Mrs. C. J., New Castle.

Wilson, James A., New Castle.

Wyckoff, Ernest H., Stroudsburg.

Yaeger, Mrs. A. E., New Castle.

Yoder, W. H., Mt. Carmel.

Young, Ethel. Pittsburgh.

Zeliff. Verr H., Sheffield.

Zentmyer, R. A., Tyrone.

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

Clark, John Artemus, Charlotte-
town.

Darrach, Dr.. Kensington.

Stavert, Rev. R. Hensley. Hunter
River.

QUEBEC

Baker, Gordon H.. Montreal.
Bieler, Rev. Dr. Chas., Montreal.
Duquid, L. Amelia. Montreal.
Leit. Seth P.. Montreal.
Rexford, Ebon I.. Montreal.
VIpond, Geo., Montreal.

RHODE ISLAND

Clarke, Herbert M.. Phenix.
Easton, Wm. H., Providence.
Mathison. Miss Ethel, Edgewood.
>Iurdock, Lillian F., Norwood.

OFFICIAL LIST OF DELEGATES

317

Read, Norma Eileen, Providence.
Walker, R. H., Providence.
Waterman, S. W., Providence.
Waterman, Thomas W., Providence

SASKATCHEWAN
Fraser, Alexander M., Regina.
Heal, Wm. F., Moose Jaw.

SOUTH CAROLINA
Bedford, H. C, Central.
Branyon, R. L., Spartanburg.
Carroll, J. Wallace, Spartanburg.
Davis, C. M., Laurens.
Driggers, Rev. A. E., Aiken.
Driggers, Mrs. A. E,, Aiken.
Early, Kate, Darlington
Redfern, Frederick C, Columbia.
Reid, Mrs. S. T., Spartanburg.
Webb, R. D., Spartanburg.

SOUTH DAKOTA

Grebel, John, Parker.
Grebel, Mrs. A. L., Parker.
Miller, Geo. W., Huron.
Miller, Mrs. Geo. W., Huron.
Munro, Mrs Carrie E., Wilmot.
Weishan, Mona, Parker.
Whisman, Mrs. M. D., Huron.

TENNESSEE
Bulla, Chas. D., Nashville.
Dargan, E. C, Nashville.

UTAH

Vaster, Mrs. E. G., Salt Lake City

VERMONT
Boyd, Chas. A., Burlington.
Boyd, Mrs. Chas. A., Burlington.
Ritter, Mary Ellen, Burlington.
Warren, Miss Mary C, North Pom-
fret.

VIRGINIA

Burford, Anna Branch, Richmond.
Bushong, Miss Minnie B., Paeonian

Springs.
Church, M. E., Falls Church.
Church, Mrs. M. E., Falls Church.
Church, Miss Maybelle, Falls

Church.
Diggs, Thos. C, Richmond.
Fields, H. A., Lynchburg.
Glass, Gilbert, Richmond.
Laa, Thos. Hugo, Richmond.

Miller, Mina C, Mount Sidney.
Shields, Elizabeth, Richmond.
Wells, Mrs. Jennie, Blackstone.

WASHINGTON
Foster, Rev. John O., D. D., Seattle.
Knapp, E. C, Spokane.
Knapp, Mrs. E, C, Spokane.
Moore, Walter C, Seattle.
Moore, Mrs. Walter C, Seattle.

WEST VIRGINIA

Abney, Katie Belle, Charleston.

Baxter, Mrs. Frank, Cameron.

Campbell, Charlotte Ruth, Charles-
ton.

Eldredge, J. W., Clarksburg.

Eubank, May E., Charleston.

Evans, Mrs. Albert, Charleston.

Frederick, Mrs. Peter, Wheeling.

Kelley, Rev. J. A., Cedarville.

Kenney, R. E., Clarksburg.

Kenney, Mrs. R. E., Clarksburg.

Leonhart, E. C, Warwood.

Leonhart, Mrs. E. C, Warwood.

Lockhart, Mrs. Geo. E., Wheeling.

Marcum, J. R., Huntington.

Marshall, Marcelus, Stouts Mills.

Morton, Frank J., Fallansbee.

Palmer, Rev. A. C, Fallansbee.

Parsons, Mrs. Mary King, Ripley.

Prillerman, Byrd, Collegiate Insti-
tute.

Ruffin, Florence L., Clarksburg.

Snow, Mrs. Ella M., Clarksburg.

Snow, Walter A., Clarksburg.

Steele, J. D., Charleston.

Tarbox, Mrs. P. A., St. Marys.

Turner, Rev. J. J., Kimberly.

Webb, Lucy Emma, Warwood.

Wilson, Miss I. P., Walkersvllle,

Wolfe, Miss Ruby, Ravenswood.

WISCONSIN

Alberts, Valerie M., Mayville.
Bailey, Mabel L., Oshkosh.
Baker, Thos H., Fairwater.
Buzzell, H. L., Markesan.
Buzzell, Mrs. H. L., Markesan.
Edmunds, Edward B., Beaver Dam.
Holland, Nelle M., Fond du Lac.
Holston, Edward M., Milton Junc-
tion.
Hughes, Eva A., New Lisbon.
Iverson, Rev. E., Eau Claire.
Raddatz, Wm. G., Milwaukee.
Rogers, J. L., Oshkosh.
Taylor, Mi-s. J. S., Janesville.
Unferth, H. F., Fond du Lac,

CHAPTER XVIII

OFFICIAL REGISTER

INTERNATIONAL SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIATION

Regular meetings Board of Trustees : Last Tuesday and Wednesday
of May and September; and the Tuesday preceding annual executive
meeting. General Executive: Second Wednesday and Thursday of
each February.

President

William Oxley Thompson, Columbus, Ohio.

Vice-Presidents

Rev. K. Y. Mullins, D. D., Ivouisville, Ky.; Leroy S. Churchill, Buffalo,
N. Y.; H. J. Heinz, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Wm. Hamilton, Toronto, Ontario; Hon.
Curtis D. Wilbur, San Francisco, Cal.; D. Webster Kurtz, D. D., McPherson,
Kansas; Bishop Wm. M. Bell, Washington, D. C.

Treasurer and Assistant

Proi^. E;. O. Excell, Chicago; Thomas S. Smith, Chicago.

Recording Secretary

Herbert L. Hill, New York City.

Life Members

Past Presidents — Rev. B. B. Tyler, D. D., Denver, Colo.; Justice J. J.
Maclaren D. C. L,., LL.D., Toronto, Ont. ; John Stites, Ivouisville, Ky. ; William
N. Hartshorn, Boston, Mass.; Edward K. Warren, Three Oaks, Michigan.

Honorary — A. B. McCrills, Providence, R. I.; Bishop John H. Vincent,
Chicago; Rev. George R. Merrill, D. D., Dorchester, Mass.; Hon. Seth P. Eeet,
Outremont, Montreal, Que.; W. A. Eudaly, Middletown, Ohio; George W. Watts,
Durham, N. C; T. W. Waterman, Providence, R. I.; Chas M. Campbell, Pas-
adena, Cal.

Ex-Officio

Prop. Walter S. AthEarn, Chairman, Educational Committee, Maiden, Mass.;
L,ansing F. Smith, Chairman, Business Committee, St. Louis, Mo.; A. F. SiTTloh,
Chairman, Home Visitation Committee, Denver, Colo.

Members of the International Lesson Committee

ProE. F. C. EisElEn, Ph.D., D. D., Evanston, 111.; Prin. Elson I. RexFord,
M.A., EE.D., Montreal, Quebec; Prof. John R. Sampey, D.D., LL.D., Louisville,
Ky.; Prop. Ira M. Price, Ph.D., LL.D., Chicago; Justice J. J. Maclaren, D.
C. L., Toronto, Ont.; Prop. L. A. Weigle, Ph.D., New Haven, Conn.; Prop. Amos
R. Wells, M. A., Auburndale, Mass.; Rev. Henry Sloane CoPPin, New York City.

For the Negroes

.; Bi

318

Robert R. Moton, Tuskegee, Ala.; Byrd PrillErman, Institute, W. Va. ;
Charles Banks, Mound Bayou, Miss.

OFFICIAL REGISTER 319

Representatives on the World's Executive Committee

J. W. KiNNEAR, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Fred A, Wells, Chicago; George E. Hall,
New York City; Judge Seth P. Leet, Montreal, Que.; W. A. Eudaly, Middletown
Ohio; C. C. Stoll, Louisville, Ky.

Paid Staff

Marion I^awrance, General Secretary; W. C Pearce, Field Superintendent;
William A, Brown, Missions (on leave of absence) ; Mrs. Mary Foster Bryner,
Field Worker; A. M. Locker, Field Organization Superintendent; E. W. Hal-
pEnny, Education Promotion Superintendent; J. Shreve Durham, Home Visitation
Superintendent; Homer C. Lyman, Superintendent, Work Among the Negroes
(Hamilton, N. Y.) ; M. A. HonlinE, Educational Superintendent (Dayton, Ohio);
Mrs. Maud Junkin Baldwin, Children's (Elementarjr) Division Superintendent;
John L. Alexander, Young People's (Secondary) Division Superintendent; R. A.
Waite, Boys' Work Superintendent; Robert Cashman, Business Superintendent;
A. L. Aderton, Assistant Business Superintendent.

DISTRICT PRESIDENTS AND SECRETARIES

Dist. No. I — Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfound-
land, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecti-
cut— President, Lyford H. Marrow, Maiden, Mass.; Secretary, Wesley J. Weir,
Portland, Me.

Dist. No. 2 — Quebec, Ontario, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware,
Maryland — President, J. F. Harrison, Cobourg, Ont; Secretary, W. G. Landes,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Dist. No. 3 — Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Cuba,
West Indies — President, Dr. Joseph Broughton, Atlanta, Ga.; Secretary, Prop.
R. D. Webb, Spartanburg, S. C.

Dist. No. 4 — Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia — President, Rev.
W. N. Dresel, Evansville, Ind. ; Secretary, George N. BurniE, Indianapolis, Ind.

Dist. No. s — Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama — President, B. C. Cox,
Birmingham, Ala.; Secretary, Leon C. Palmer, Montgomery, Ala.

Dist. No. 6 — Saskatchewan, Manitoba, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota,
Wisconsin — President, Walter A. Buchanan, St. Paul, Minru; Secretary, James
C. Garrison, Fargo, N. D.

Dist. No. 7 — Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri — President, R. N. McEntire,
Topeka, Kan.; Secretary, Herman Bowmar, St. Louis, Mo.

Dist. No. 8 — Oklahoma, Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana. — President, Thomas V.
EllzEy, Canadian, Tex.; Secretary, Van Carter, New Orleans, La.

Dist. No. 9 — Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico — President, D. D.
Watson, Denver, Colo.; Secretary, E. T. Albertson, Denver, Colo.

Dist. No. 10 — British Columbia, Alberta, Washington (West), Washington
(East), Oregon, Montana, Alaska — President, Claud H. Eckhart, Seattle, Wash.;
Secretary, E. C. Knapp, Spokane, Wash.

Dist. No. II — Hawaii, California (North), (California (South), Nevada, Arizona
— President, J. H. Montgomery, Los Angeles, C^l. ; Secretary, Charles R. FishEr,
San Francisco, C^l.

Dist. No. 12 — Mexico, Central America — President, ; Secretary, .

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

Fred a. Wells, Chairman, Chicago; R. M. Weaver, Corinth, Miss.; A. F.
SiTTLOH, Denver, Colo.; Lansing F. Smith, St. Louis, Mo.; L. W. Simms, St.
Johns, New Brunswick; W. A. Eudaly, Middletown, Ohio; George E. Hall, New
York City; Wm. Hamilton, Toronto, Ont.; E. H. HasemEiEr, Richmond, Ind.;
J. L. Free, Cleveland, Ohio; Henry S. Jacoby, Ithaca, N. Y. ; J. W. KinnEar,
Pittsburgh, Pa.; Seth P. Leet, Montreal, Que.; J. H. Little, La Crosse, Kan.;
A. H. Mills, Decatur^ 111.; Leroy S. Churchill, Buffalo, N. Y. ; Percy L. Craig,
New Castle, Pa.; W. H. Stockham, Birmingham, Ala.; W. W. Millan, Washing-
ton, D. C; Herbert L. Hill, Secretary, New York City; Robert Cashman, Ass't.
Secretary, Chicago.

320

FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

GENERAL EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Chairman, Fred A. Wells, Chicago; First Vice -Chairman, William Hamil-
ton, Toronto, Ont.; Second Vice-Chair man. Dr. George R. Merrill, Atlanta, Ga.:
Secretary, Herbert L. Hill, New York City; Asst. Secretary, Robert Cashman
Chicago.

Regular
Committeeman

Andrew Stevenson,
Skagway.

W. H. Stockham,
Birmingham.

M. B. Hazeltine,
Prescott.

A. Trieschman,
Crossett.

T. Geddes Grant,

Port of Spain, Trinidad.

J. W. Henderson,
San Francisco.

C. C. Chapman,
Fullerton.

W. H. Kromer,
Balboa Heights.

Alternate
Committeeman

ALASKA

James H. Condit. D.
Juneau.

ALBERTA

ALABAMA

D. H. Marbury,
Marbury.

ARIZONA

J. M, Stewart,
Phoenix.

ARKANSAS

J. V. Johnson,
Little Rock.

BRITISH WEST INDIES

BRITISH COLUMBIA

CALIFORNIA (North)
H. A. Weller,
Fort Bragg.

CALIFORNIA (South)

li. J. Wightman,
Long Beach.

CANAL ZONE

J. F. Warner,
Balboa Heights.

CENTRAL AMERICA

General Secretary

* Acting Correspondent

Andrew Stevenson,
Skagway.

'C. M. Staines,
Calgary.

Leon C. Palmer,
Montgomery.

Rev. E. D.
Phoenix.

Raley,

Frank L. James,
Little Rock.

^Rev. J. H. Poole,

Port of Spain, Trinidad.

'C. K. Mahon,
Vancouver.

Charles R. Fisher,
San Francisco.

Dr. W. A. Philips,
Los Angeles.

*E;. M. Foster,
Balboa Heights.

W. W. Wolf.
Boulder.

Oscar A. Phelps,
Hartford.

I. Elmer Perry,
Wilmington.

COLORADO

John E. Painter,
Roggen.

CONNECTICUT

Robt. Darling,
Simsbury.

CUBA

A. B. Howell,
Cristo, Oriente.

DELAWARE

John B. Hutton,
Dover.

F. T. Albertson,
Denver.

Wallace I. Woodin,
Hartford.

Sylvester Jones,
Havana.

Rev. T. Davis Preston,
Wilmington.

OFFICIAL REGISTER

321

Regular
Committeeman

W. W. Millan,
Washington.

H. B. Minium,
Jacksonville.

L. C. Hall,
Milledgeville.

Hon. H. C. Baldridge,
Parma.

A. H. Mills,

Decatur.
Dr. S. A. Wilson,

Chicago.

K. H. Hasemeier.
Richmond.

A. W. Murphy,
Shenandoah.

James H. Little.
La Crosse.

Dr. Wm. Arthur Canfield,
Danville.

Alternate

Committeeman

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

T. A. Hostetler,
Washington,

FLORIDA

Clifton D. Benson,
Miami.

GEORGIA

Benj. S. Thompson,
Madison.

HAWAII

IDAHO

W. H. Bowler.
Boise.

ILLINOIS

John H. Hauberg,
Rock Island.

C. W. Watson,
Kewanee.

INDIANA

J. F. Lehman,
Berne.

IOWA

KANSAS

Howard C. Rash,
Salina.

KENTUCKY

I. N. Williams,
Lexington.

LABRADOR

General Secretary

*Acting Correspondent

Norman M. Little,
Washington.

J. O. Webb,
Jacksonville.

D. W. Sims,
Atlanta.

'Rev. Henry Pratt Judd,
Honolulu.

Mrs. S. W. Ormsby.
Boise.

Charles V,. Schenck.
Chicago.

George N. Burnie,
Indianapolis.

W. D. Stem,
Des Moines.

J. H. Engle,
Abilene.

Rev. George A. Joplin,
Louisville.

D. M. Pipes,
Jackson.

Henry B. Eaton,
Calais.

T. Gordon Russell,
Winnipeg.

Elmore B. Jeflfery,
Baltimore.

Edgar H. Hall,
West Acton.

21

LOUISIANA

H. L. Baker,
Plattenville.

MAINE

Lindley M. Binford,
Saco.

MANITOBA

T. H. Patrick,
Souris.

MARYLAND

Wilbur C. Van Sant,
Baltimore.

MASSACHUSETTS
Charles R. Fuller,
Boston.

Van Carter,
New Orleans.

Wesley J. Weir,
Portland.

R. O. Armstrong,
Winnipeg.

E. M. Fergusson,
Baltimore.

Hamilton S. Conant,
Boston.

322

FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Regular
Committeeman

John Rowland,
Mexico, D. F.

Hon. Albert K. T.a Huis,
Zeeland.

J. H. Martin.
Minneapolis.

R. M. Weaver,
Corinth.

Wm. H. Danforth,
St. I^ouis.

Prof. R. J. Cunningham,
Bozeman.

T. S. Dick.
Crete.

Miles K. North.
Reno.

Lewis W. Simms,
St. John.

Rev. T. B. Darby,

St. John's.

Edwin Morey,
Nashua.

George K Hall.
New York City.

D. A. Porterfield,
Albuquerque.

Prof. Henry S. Jacoby,

Ithaca.
George J. Michelbach,

Binghamton.

J. M. Broughton, Jr.
Raleigh.

M. B. Cassell,
Hope.

Alternate
Committeeman
IVIEXICO
Rev. J. P. Hauser,
Mexico, D. F.

IVIICHIGAN

R. R. Moore,
St. Clair.

MINNESOTA

E). J. Krafft,
Minneapolis.

MISSISSIPPI

Hugh E;. Ray,
Corinth.

MISSOURI

Hugh Stephens,
Jefferson City.

MONTANA

Rev. J. A. Alford,

Valier.

NEBRASKA
J. Fred Smith,

Omaha.

NEVADA

NEW BRUNSWICK

R. T. Hayes,
St. John.

NEWFOUNDLAND

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Rev. James M. Gage,

Manchester.

NEW JERSEY

Edward W. Dunham,
Trenton.

NEW MEXICO

VV. H. Chrisman,
Albuquerque.

NEW YORK

Alvah H. Rogers,

Gloversville.
A. H. Calderwood,

Schenectady.

NORTH CAROLINA

Dr. W. A. Harper,
Elon College.

NORTH DAKOTA

Charles H. Simpson,
McVUle.

General Secretary

*Acting Correspondent

Prof. F. S. Goodrich,
Albion.

W. H. Schilling,
St. Paul.

W. Fred Long,
Jackson.

Herman Bowmar
St. IvOuis.

Miss M. E. Brown,
Lincoln.

Charles R. Fisher,
San Francisco.

Rev. William A. Ross,
Moncton.

Mrs. Nellie T. Hendrick,
Manchester.

Prof. I. B. Burgess,
Newark.

Dr. Joseph Clark,
Albany.

Rev. J. Walter Lonj
Greensboro.

James C. Garrison,
Fargo.

OFFICIAL REGISTER

323

Regular
Committeeman

Dr. Frank Woodbury,
Halifax.

J. L. Free.

Cleveland.
Prof. W. G. Clippinger,

Westerville.

J. B. Hickman,
Durant.

W. S. Kirkland,

Toronto.
E. E. Reid,

London.

Dr. Frank Brown,
Salem.

James W. Kinnear,

Pittsburgh.
Ives L,. Harvey,

Bellefonte.
James A. Lansing,

Scranton.
Percy L. Craig,

New Castle.

J. C. Jardine,
Summerside.

John Cunningham.

Herbert M. Clark,
Phenix.

Horace L. Boraar.
Spartanburg.

M. D. Whisman,
Huron.

W. H. Raymond,
Nashville.

Alternate
Committeeman
NOVA SCOTIA

D. W. McDonald,
New Glasgow.

OHIO

E. W. Allen,
Fostoria.

C. F. Strecker,
Marietta.

OKLAHOMA

W. A. Matthews,
Sallisaw.

ONTARIO

George K. Quarrington,

General Secretary

* Acting Correspondent

Arthur T. Arnold,
Columbus.

C. H. Nichols,
Oklahoma City.

Toronto.
Theron Gibson,
Toronto.

OREGON

Wm. H. St. Clair,
Portland.

PENNSYLVANIA

L. W. Nuttall,

Philipsburg.
John C. Silsley.

Greensburg.
Kennedy Crumrine,

Meadville.
E. A. Rice,

York.

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

J. K. Ross, Rev

Rev. T. A. Halpenny.
Toronto.

Rev. Harold F. Humbert,
Portland.

W. G. Landes,
Philadelphia.

Carlottetown.
PORTO RICO

QUEBEC

Dr. J. W. Ross,

RHODE ISLAND

Charles Sisson,
Providence.

SASKATCHEWAN

SOUTH CAROLINA

R. T. Caston,
Cheraw.

SOUTH DAKOTA

L. W. Robinson,
Parker.

TENNESSEE

E. E. French,
Nashville.

Wm. A.
Moncton.

Ross.

Philo W. Drury,
Ponce.

Rev. Gordon H. Baker,
Montreal.

Rev. W. H. Easton,
Providence.

*A. M._ Eraser,
Regina.

Prof. R. D. Webb.
Spartanburg.

George W. Miller,
Huron.

Joseph Carthel,
Nashville.

324

FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL REPORT

Regular
Committeeman

Robert H. Coleman,

Dallas.
Alex Woldert,

Tyler.

C. H. Zimmerman,
Salt Lake City.

Rev. Wm. Shaw, Ph.D.,
St. Albans.

M. E. Church,
Falls Church.

W. L. McEachran.
Spokane.

Graham K. Betts,
Seattle.

Alternate
Committeeman

TEXAS

Frank Jensen,

Dallas.
Garland H. Lang,

Somerville.

UTAH

Rev. Wildman Murphy,
Payson.

VERMONT
F. C. Dyer,
Salisbury.

VIRGINIA

Frank T. Crum.p,
Richmond.

WASHINGTON (East)
Harve H. Phipps,
Spokane.

WASHINGTON (West)
Claude H. Eckhart,
Seattle.

WEST INDIES

General Secretary

*Acting Correspondent

<W. N. Wiggins,
Dallas.

Miss Erma B. Perry,
Salt Lake City.

Rev. Charles A. Boyd,
Burlington.

Thomas C. Diggs,
Richmond.

E. C. Knapp,
Spokane.

Walter C. Moore,
Seattle.

Dr. D. B. Purinton,
Morgantown.

S. F. Shattuck,
Neenah.

Rev. Walter H. Bradley,
D. D., Casper

WEST VIRGINIA

J. D. Steele,
Charleston.

WISCONSIN

Charles L. Hill,
Rosendale.

WYOMING

P. A. Shope,
Wheatland.

Rev. Walter A. Snow,
Clarksburg.

J. L. Rogers,
Oshkosh.

D. R. Kinports,
Cheyenne,

WHY NOT TRAINED OFFICERS?

If you make plans to have trained teachers in Bible
schools, why not plan also to have trained officers? Few
counties would think of employing as superintendent of
schools a man who knew nothing about organized school
work. Read Frank L. Brown's suggestions in Chapter X.

INDEX

Page
Aderton, A. L., Collection of

Pledges 140

Adult Division report, Pearce. 199

Findings 205

Adults, Bible Courses for,

Eiselen 209

Albertson, E. T., Home Visita-
tion address 247

Alexander, J. L., Secondary Di-
vision report 181

Algerian band banquet 15

Amendments to Resolutions. . . . 287
Armenian and Syrian relief.... 89
Association Conferences, Sys-
tem of, Pearce 123

Association growth 69

Association Surveys, Locker. . . 123
Athearn, W. S.. American Svs-

tem of Religious Education. 101
Organization of Religious

Education in Communities 109
Religious Education of Chil-
dren 150

Atkins. Bishop, Inspirational
address 34

Bailey, Miss Mabel L.., Finding
and Training County Ele-
mentary Superintendents... 159

Baldwin. Mrs. M. J., Children's

Division report 143

Basis of recognition of state

and nrovincial associations 2S.S

Beard, Miss H. E., Elementary
Institute for Training Cra-
dle Roll, Prim, and Jr.

workers 162

Organizing Elementary Di-
vision of the City Associa-
tion 165

Heeler. L. H., O. A. B. C. In-
struction 220

Be^nners and Cradle Roll
Class, Lessons for, Mrs.

Ross 176

Promotion Service. Miss

Huckleberry 179

Sunday School Environment.

Mrs. Morehouse 173

Betts. G.H., Present Curriculum

of Religious Education 103

Blake, Edgar. Contribution of
the Sunday School to the
'War 23

Boville. R." *G..' " i5aily 'Vacation'
Bible Schools 107

Brown. Miss Charlotte, Graded
Wiirship for Juniors 185

Page
Brown, F. L., A World's View. 139

Leadership Training 238

Leadership Training Class in

Local School 236

Bryner, Mrs. M. F., Correlated
Temperance Education for

Primary 181

General Plans for Promotion
of Elementary Division

Program 153

Leaving Foundation for Tem-
perance Education — Be-
ginners 178

Budget for next four years 75

Buffalo committee of one hun-
dred 12

Building, prospective home of

International Association. . . 9
Burgess, J. B., Schools of Prin-
ciples and Methods 126

Burnie, G. N., Home Visitation

address 252

Business department report,

Cashman 129

By-laws • 266

Camp Conferences 197

Carter. Van, Home Visitation

address 249

Cash Basis, Business on. Maxey 142

Cashman, Robert, Business De-
partment Would Be Helpful 131

Plan Worthily for Needs 137

Report business department. . 129

Chang, Poling, Sunday School
and the New Chinese De-
mocracy 58

Chapin, Mrs. L. S., Elementary
Superintendents and Pro-
gram for Local School 169

Chappell, E. B., Evangelistic
Aim Through Educational
Methods 233

Children's Dhislon report 143

Committee 144

Children's Week, Mrs. Curtiss. 157

Christian Character. Making
School Effective for, Lincoln 231

Church School, Opportunities
and Responsibilities, Fer-
gusson 151

City association conference 127

Cole. Roland, Office Equipment
Should Be Well Planned... 134

Col well, H. G., Man and Woman
Power of North America. . . 207
O. A. B. C. in War Time
Tasks 212

325

326

INDEX

Page

Convention, First 66

Theme 68

Conference Point banquet 15

Training School, Miss Wilson 171
Cooper, Miss Frances, Planning
Elementary Section County

Convention 163

County association workers'

conference 127

Cradle Roll Class in the Sunday

School, Mrs. Morehouse.... 172
Development of, Mrs. Dietz.. 169
Promotion Services, Miss

Huckleberry 175

Cuba, Jones 174

Curriculum, Principles of Scien-
tific Making, Betts 105

Curtiss, Mrs. P. A., Children's

Week 157

Training for Association Ele-
mentary Work 170

Devonshire, Duke of, telegrams

to and from 279, 284

DeWeese, T. A., Selling the

School to the Business Man 138
Dietz, Mrs. W. H., Developing

Cradle Roll 169

Districts, international 119

Dresel, W. N., Report Sunday

school administration 224

Durham, J. S., Report Home

Visitation '. 240

Daily Vacation Bible School,

Boville 107

Edgar, L. B., Adult Bible Class

and War Time Tasks 212

Eiselen, F. C, Bible Courses for

Adults 209

Elementary:

Committee of State or Pro-
vincial Assn., Miss Lemen 155

Division and International As-
sociation, Mrs. Hill 152

Division findings 150

Division General Plans for
Promotion, Mrs. Bryner. . 153

Division Superintendent and
Program in Local School,
Mrs. Chapin 169

Efficiency Institute, Miss
Weaver 156

Institute for Training Work-
ers, Miss Beard 162

Our County Committee, Mrs.

Shaw 158

Organizing Division of City
Association, Miss Beard. . 165

Planning Section of County
Convention. Miss Cooper. 163
Section of State or Provincial

Convention, Mrs. Snow... 160

Superintendent of City Asso-
ciation Finding District
Workers, Miss Russell 166

Page

Elementary:

Superintendents, Finding and

Training, Miss Bailey 159

Training for Division Work,

Mrs. Curtiss 170

Educational arch 96

Policy 94

Volume 8

Conference findings 98

Employed officers' association.. 85
Evangelistic Aim Through Edu-
cational Method, Chappell.. 233
Excell, E. O,, treasurer's report 272
Exhibits at convention 14

Fergusson, E. M., Opportunities
and Responsibilities of

Church School 151

Field Department report, Pearce 115

Organization of, Jacoby 113

Representatives 115

Work differentiated from de-
partment of education 114

Fisher, C. R., Home Visitation
address 251

Gates, Herbert W., What Has
the School a Right to Ex-
pect from the Church 235

General Secretary's report 66

Go to Sunday School day 77

Goodrich, F. S., Home Visita-
tion address 246

Greatness of Little Things,
Heinz 136

Halpenny, E. W., When Is a

State or Province Organized 121
Home Visitation address 252

Harris. Elizabeth, Continent

Wide Vision 167

Harvey, I. L 281

Heinz, H. J., Greatness of Little

Things 136

Hicks, H. W., Sunday School
Instruction for Men and
Women 208

Hill, Mrs. H. L., International
Association and Elementary

Division 152

H. L., Home Visitation ad-
dress 244

History of organized Sunday

School work 84

Hoener, Miss M. K.. Correlated
Temperance Instruction for
Juniors . . . , 188

Hogan. W. E.. Changing Con-
ceptions of Negro Education 111

Holdcroft, J. G.. Where All the

Church Is in Sunday School 53

Home Department, report spe-
cial commission 216

Section conference of adult di-
vision 214

Home Visitation, Conserve Re-
sults, Carter 249

INDEX

327

Page

Plome Visitation, Extended

Through State, Fisher... 251

How Finance, Shinn 248

Impressed a Jewish Leader,

Halpenny 252

Honline, M. A., Need of Na-
tional Religious Educational

Policy 99

Hopkins, R. M., O. A. B. C. and
Training of Christian Work-
ers 220

Huckleberry, Miss M., Begin-
ners Promotion Service 179

Cradle Roll Promotion 175

Tnman, G. S.. Mexico 124

Innes, George, Bringing in the

Kingdom of God 61

International, first convention.. 259

Jacohy, H. S., Revised Plan of

District Organization 126

Organization of Field Depart-
ment 113

Johnson, J. V., Home Visitation

address 249

Jones, Svlvester, Cuba 124

Joplin, G. A., Home Visitation

address 251

Juniors, Weekday Activities for,

Miss Russell 184

Graded Worship for, Miss

Brown 185

Training Superintendents and

Teachers, Mrs. Knapp 187

Kane, Miss L. G., Primary

Standards 180

Kelly, R. L., Standardization

and Supervision 106

Knapp, Mrs. E. C, Training for

Junior Superintendents 187

Lawrance, Marion, report 66

Lesson committee report 298

Lyman, H. C, Negro work re-
port 254

Report in field department. . . . 125

Lemen, Miss Emma, Elemen-
tary Committee of State or
Provincial Association 155

Locker, A. M., Association Sur-
veys and Records 123

Letters, How Get Most Out of,

Wiess 131

Lincoln, C. A., Making School
Effective for Christian
Character 231

Leadership Training, Brown 238

MacNeill, John, A Message from

the Front 47

Mexico, Inman 124

Meyers, Miss A. E., Teacher
Training for Primary Teach-
ers 183

Ministers' conference findings.. 226

Page
Missionary Education. Junior

Department, Miss Stooker.. 189
Missionary Education, Laying
Foundation for, Miss

Stooker 177

Primary, Miss Stooker 182

Morehouse, Mrs. M. M., Cradle

Roll Class in Sunday School 172
Sunday School Environment

for Beginners 173

Maxey. J. W., Business on a

Cash Basis 142

Negro association work, confer-
ence 128

Education, Conceptions of

Changing, Hogan Ill

Training classes 257

Work among, Lyman 125

Nichols, E. H., death 82

O. A. B. C. Federations, Pearce 211

Instruction, Beeler 220

and National Prohibition,

Penniman 211

and Parent Training, Mrs.

Wallace 213

Program of Service, Mrs.

Wallace 221

Special Campaigns, Williams. 210
and Training of Christian

Workers. Hopkins 220

and War Time Tasks, Colwell 212

Edgar 212

Office Equipment, Well Planned,

Cole 134

Organization of staff 70

Revised Plan of District,

Jacoby 126

Organized, When Is State or
Provincial Association, Hal-

penny 121

Osborne, C. A., State Associa-
tion Papers 132

Palmer, L. C, Home Visitation

address 252

Papers, State Association, Os-
borne 132

Parent Training conference 210

Courses of Study, Miss

Stooker 222

Other Plans, Mrs. Wallace 222

Pearce, W. C, O. A. B. C. Fed-
erations 211

Other Special Fields 125

Religious Education of Men

and Women 207

Report adult division 199

Report field department 115

System of Association Con-
ferences 123

Penniman, G. W.. O. A. B. C.

and National Prohibition... 211
Pledges, Collection of, Aderton 140

Portraits presented 285

Primary Teacher, Training for,
Miss Meyers 18S

328

INDEX

Page

Standards, Miss Kane 180

Program committee 68

Resolutions Committee, report

of 291

Religious Education, American

System, Athearn 101

Of American Children,

Athearn 150

Of Men and Women, Pearce. 207
A National Program, Honline 99
Organization of. Within Com-
munities, Athearn 109

Present Curriculum, Betts . . 10?.
Religious Schools, Week Day.

Vaughn 110

Robbins, C. L., Principles of

Curriculum Making 105

Ross. Mrs. J. M., Lessons for

Beginners 176

Rural work conference 128

Russell, Rose M., Findinsr and
Training Elementary Work-
ers 166

Week Day Activities for Jun-
iors 184

Secretaries' and Treasurers'

Findings 227

Selling the School to the Busi-
ness Man, DeWeese 138

Sellers, E. O., War Time Pro-
gram for Adult Class 215

Service, Creed of the Siuiday

School 292

Settle, M. C, Home Visitation

address 250

Shaw, Mrs. H. R., Our County

Elementary Committee .... 158
Shinn. C. W., Financing Home

Visitation 248

Slattery, Margaret, The Second

Line of Defense 37

Snow, Mrs. E. M., Elementary
Section of State or Provin-
cial Convention 160

Special fields, reports 124

Speer, R. E., The Personal Ele-
ment in Christian Work.... 28
Sunday School Administration,

report, Dresel 224

Records, what contain 229

What Has It a Right to Ex-
pect from Church, Gates. 235
Stooker, Miss W., Correlated
Missionary Education for

Juniors 189

For Primaries 182

Courses of Study for Parent

Training 222

Tvayinsr hounr'ation for Mis-
sionary Education 177

Teacher Training courses 98

Page

Temperance Education, Laying

Foundation for, Mrs. Br%Tier 178
Temperance Education, Pri-
mary, Mrs. Bryner 181

Help 79

Instruction in Junior Depart-
ment, Miss Holner 188

Rallies 13

Thompson, W. O.. accepting

presidency 14

The Sunday School and the
New Program for the

Kingdom 18

Training Class, Leadership in

Local School, Brown 23C

Trull, George H., Linking Up
South America Through Bi-
ble Study 55

Vaughn, H. R., Week Day Re-
ligious Schools 110

Vision, A Continent Wide, Miss

Harris 167

Wallace, Mrs. E. G., Other

Plans for Parent Training. . 222
O. A. B. C. and Parent Train-
ing 213

Program of Service 221

Warren. E. K., opening address 10
Preserving the Samaritan

Remnant 60

Special letter to 280

Wartime Program for Adult

Class, Sellers 215

War work of staff members... 83
Of Sunday Schools 87

Washburn, Fred, Home Visita-
tion address 245

Weaver, Miss Pearl, Elementary

Efficiency Institutes 156

Webb, R. D., Home Visitation

address 246

Wells, F. A., elected chairman

executive committee 284

Whitman, Charles S.. "Our God

Is Marching On" 43

Wiess, C. R., How Get Most Out

of Letters 131

Willard, Mrs. O. H., Home Visi-
tation address 250

Williams, Sterling L., Special

O. A. B. C. Campaigns 210

Williams, Talcott, The Ar-
menian Tragedy and the
Sunday Schools 51

Wilson, Maggie S.. Conference

Point Training School 171

Wilson. Woodrow, telegram to

and from 279, 281

Windham, J W.. Home Visita-
tion address 245

World's association session .... 286

World's View, A, Brown 139

''rten?,'!,, .I!',?,^'^?'^^' Seminary Librari

1 1012 01199 5810