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BOSTON
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OFFICIAL REPORTS

OF THE

TOWN OF BRIGHTON,

FOR THE

§mx entrmg Jfamtarg 31, 1870.

BOSTON :

ROCKWELL & CHURCHILL, PRINTERS,
122 Washington Street.
1 870.

C>- /pi ~ j(f

OFFICIAL REPORTS

UK THE

TOWN OF BRIGHTON,

FOR THE'

f)far tutting Jfanuarg 31, 1870

BOSTON:

ROCKWELL & CHURCHILL, PRINTERS,
122 Washington Street.
1870.

REPORT

OF THE

.AUDITING COMMITTEE.

The Auditors chosen at the Annual Town Meeting, in March,
1869, have attended to the duty assigned them, and herewith
submit the various official reports of the town, for the year ending
January 31, 1870.

The Auditors have examined the accounts of the Town Treas-
urer, and find them correctly kept and properly vouched, and a
balance remaining in the treasury of $529.86.

Your Committee would particularly commend the efficient manner
of collecting the taxes for the past year, and would award much
credit to William F. Bennett, Collector, for establishing a valuable
precedent.

An estimate of necessary appropriations for the ensuing year
has been carefully prepared and appended herewith. The amount,
though large, is considered necessa^ for the requirements of the
town. The appropriation for the Holton Library has been in-
creased for the purpose of publishing a catalogue, and the
additional amount for the Cemetery will be required for a new
fence on the southerly side. Five thousand dollars have been

recommended for a contingent fund, and five thousand dollars to
reduce the town debt, which has increased quite rapidly during the
past few years.

Respectfully submitted,

F. LYMAN WINSHIP, ^
GEORGE W. WARREN, > Auditors,
J. P. C. WINSHIP, )

Brighton, Feb., 1870.

ESTIMATES FOB 1870.

Salaries for Teachers

Fuel for Schools

Incidentals for Schools. .

Bridges

Highways

Fire Department

Poor

Salaries of Town Officers

Interest

Printing

Police

Cemetery

Holton Library

Gas and Lighting

Notes Payable

Miscellaneous

Contingent Fund

Expenditures
for 18G9.

$14,378 70

2,532 85

2,052 97

9,377 C8

998 51

2,747 84

2,580 00

G,067 83

976 00

2,338 27

436 71

258 59

1,205 15

2,935 94

,886 44

TREASURER'S REPORT

OF THE

EXPENDITURES AND RECEIPTS

OF THE

TOWN OF BRIGHTON,

For the Year Ending January 31, 1870.

Amount brought forward, $12,733 21

PRIMARY NO. 5.

Miss Charlotte Adams, Principal, $450 00

Miss Emma P. Dana, Assistant, 375 00

M. L. Smith, 23/^ tons of coal, 210 55

1,035 55

PRIMARY NO. 6.

Miss Alice A. 'Swett, $452 50

M. L. Smith, 16 tons of coal, 144 00

Aiken & Woodward, 28 baskets of charcoal, 13 44

609 94

$14,378 70

INCIDENTALS FOR SCHOOLS.

Appropriation, $3,500 00.

Expenditure, $2,532 85.

Incidentals, stationery, pens, ink, etc., for School Com-
mittee, $17 62

HIGH SCHOOL.

Alfred J. Needham, materials and labor, furn-

nished at sundry times, $74 40

W. O. Haskell, chairs and settees in 1867, 156 38

William C. Johnston, care of building in 1868-

69, 171 53

Maybery & Eagle son, iron pipe, funnel, re-
pairing locks, labor on water pipe, etc., 37 52

H. B. & W. O. Chamberlain, chemicals and
chemical apparatus in 1868-9 and
1869-70, 49 97

Amounts carried forward, $489 80 $17 62

Amounts brought forward^

$489

Edmond Meighan, care of building, sifting

ashes, etc.,

W. C. Allen, coal screen, floor brushes, win-

dow brushes, etc.,

Hiram Cushman, expressage,

Sundry persons, repairing pump, clock, win-

r\ /~\xxr onnnOQ "tVi*** lonA)1 TilvmcnDn ovirl
LlUW bLlditltib, 1UI lclUUI 1UI Illbllt!U tlllLl

miscellaneous articles, as per vouchers,

ounuiy pcisonib, uooks, cuai to, auu otd/tiuiitJiy,

BENNETT GRAMMAR.

Alfred J. Needham, building platform and

desk, furnishing locks, staples, and

other materials, and labor.

$92

W O TTflskpll. pvasPTs. spttpps. nhairs. a/nd

other furniture in 1867,

William C. Johnston, care of building in 1868

and 1869,

121

Edmond Meighan, sifting ashes, cleaning and

care of building,

Maybery & Eagleson, iron pipe, linings for

furnaces, and repairing,

James A. Cogswell, water for schools,

Henry Cabot, planting shade trees,

Sundry persons, for books, charts, school rec-

ord and stationery,

Sundry persons, setting glass, repairing

window shades, and miscellaneous ar-

ticles,

732 92

560 21

HARVARD GRAMMAR.

Patrick Darcy, building fires and sweeping, $78 00
Samuel Davis Jr., building fence around

school-house, 67 41

Amounts carried forivard, $145 41 $1,310 75

Amounts brought forward, $145 41 $1,310 75

E. M. Abbott, lumber, 25 79

Oliver Ditson & Co., hire of pianoforte, 21 00

A. M. McPhail, piano-stool and cover, 13 00

James Taudy, painting, and materials furnished, 28 40
Patrick Carley, building fires, 21 00

Sundry persons, for furnace grate, setting
glass, repairing, and materials furnished,
and miscellaneous articles, 90 24

Sundry persons, books, and stationery, 45 52

PRIMARY NO. 1.

W. O. Haskell, six Primary single sets charts,

(1867) $21 00

Joseph Blevins, slating, cement, and labor

on building, 26 43

Sundry persons, books for poor children,
school tablets, and miscellaneous ar-
ticles, 16 21

PRIMARY NO. 2.

E. O. Kimball, making fires and sweeping, $61 50

Mayberry & Eagleson, coal-hods, funnel,

cleaning stoves, etc., 20 05

Sundry persons, repairs upon building, and

materials furnished, 37 43

Sundry persons, books, stationery, and mis-
cellaneous articles, 15 54

PRIMARY NO. 3.

Thomas Hurly, building fires, sweeping, and

shavings, $69 61

W. O. Haskell, desk in 1867, 10 00

Sundry persons, books, stationery, and mis-
cellaneous articles, 12 51

390 36

63 64

134 52

92 12

Amount carried forward,

$1,991 39

Amount brought forward, $1,991 39

primary no. 4.

Emma L. Waugh, salary for January, 1869, $34 17
W. 0. Haskell, Intermediate single sets,

erasers, desks, chairs and cushions, 291 17
William C. Johnston, care of room and building, 21 52
Sundry persons, tablets, books, stationery, etc., 11 29

358 15

PRIMARY NO. 5.

William C. Johnston, care of building, May

I008, to May loo9,

$50

George A. Walker, furnace grate and bar,

labor, etc.,

Sundry persons, repairingt and miscellaneous

articles furnished,

Sundry persons, books, stationery, and school

tablets,

PRIMARY NO. 6.

Walter H. Billings, care of building, and mis-

cellaneous articles,

$57

Maybery & Eagleson, smoke pipe, furnace

lining, etc.,

Sundry persons, books, stationery, and re-

pairing clock,

92 64

90 67

2,532 85

ALTERATION OP PRIMARY SCHOOL BUILDING NO. 3.

Joseph C. Wadleigh, making alteration,
George F. Fuller, drawing plans for altera-
tion,

$2,325 00

75 00

$2,400 00

BRIDGES.

Appropriation, $2,500 00.
Expenditure, $2,052 97.

Granville Fuller & Son, lumber, $669 92

Chauncey Page & Co., " River St.

bridge at Cambric! geport line, 119 38

W. S. Blanchard & Co., lumber, River St.

bridge at Cambridgeport line, 203 00

Maynard & Pattee, lumber, 18 33

James McClellan, hoisting Harvard St. Draw, 410 92

E. W. Cutter, " draws on River and

Cambridge Sts., 409 75

Granville Fuller & Son, hoisting draw on

River St. at Watertown line, - 10 50

Joseph C. Wadleigh, labor and materials on

River St. Bridge, 107 21

W. D. Bickford, damage to Schooner Conserv-
ative, 53 78

D. U. Chamberlain, nails and spikes, 13 03

Sundry persons, repairing draws, carting lum-
ber, and miscellaneous articles furnished, 37 15

$2,052 97

SUPPORT OF POOR.

Appropriation, $2,500 00.
Expenditure, $2,747 74.

Alice McGee, for the support of Patrick

McGee, $235 00

Catherine Murphy, house-rent for Mrs. Ann

McGee, and board of Joseph Davis, 46 00

Worcester Lunatic Hospital, board of Delia

Parkinson and Patrick Norton, 167 50

Amount carried forward,

$448 50

Amount brought forward, $6,821 88

HARVARD GRAMMAR SCHOOL.

Mr. Guildford D. Bigelow, Principal, $1,525 00

Miss Ellen Child, Assistant, 500 00

Miss Carrie L. Colby, " 400 00

Mr. C. E. Whiting, music teacher, 44 45

M. L. Smith, 22 tons of coal, . 201 80

Holmes & Rugg, 4 tons of coal, 36 40
Aiken & Woodward, 45 baskets of charcoal, 21 »60

PRIMARY NO. 1.

PRIMARY NO. 3.

Miss Fannie E. Munroe, Principal, $225 00

Miss Mary C. Duncklee, Assistant, 150 00

Miss " " Principal, 225 00

M. L. Smith, 6-& tons of coal, 62 98

Aiken & Woodward, 30 baskets charcoal, 14 40

PRIMARY NO. 4.

2,729 25

Miss Mary B. Monto, Principal, $450 00
Miss Sarah F. Monto, Assistant, 300 00
Fuel is included in amount purchased for Har-
vard Grammar School. 750 00

primary no. 2.

Miss Emma F. Morrill, Principal, $450 00

Miss Annie W. Holmes, Assistant, 259 60

Miss Bertha Sanger, " 115 40

M. L. Smith, 10 tons of coal, 90 30

Aiken & Woodward, 30 baskets charcoal, 14 40

929 70

677 38

Miss Sophronia A. Collins, Principal, $450 00

Miss Fannie A. Swan, Assistant, 375 00
Fuel included in the amount purchased for

High School. 825 00

Amount carried forward, $12,733 21

Amount brought forward, $2,715 77

Sundry persons, conveying insane persons to

hospital, groceries for poor persons, and

miscellaneous articles, 32 07

$2,747 84

STATE AID.

Mrs. Charlotte R. Warren, $88 00

" Champney, 8 00

" Caroline M. Lee, 88 00

Mr. James Lyons, guardian of McDonald

children, 88 00

Mrs. Catherine Golden, 44 00

" Eliza Clark, 48 00

" JohnQ. A. Cushman, 88 00

" Thomas C. Smith, 32 00

$484 00

HOLTON CHARITY FUND ($950).
Dr.

Balance in Treasury Feb. 1, 1869, $1,228 67

Interest to Feb. 1, 1870, 73 72

$1,302 39

Cr.

By cash paid for provisions, $17 62

Balance, 1,284 77

$1,302 39

HOLTON CHARITY FUND ($1,425).
Dr.

Balance in treasury Feb. 1, 1869, . $1,425 00

Interest to Feb. 1, 1870, 85 50

$1,510 50

Cr.

By cash paid for provisions, $85 50

Balance, 1,425 00

$1,510 50

ADDITION TO BARN ON POOR FARM.

Appropriation, $200 00.
Expenditure, 272 79.

G. Fuller and Son, lumber, 201 44

Alfred J. Needham, labor in making alteration, 60 00
D. U. Chamberlin, and others, nails, win-
dows, etc., 11 35

$272 79

FIRE DEPARTMENT.

Appropriation, $1,000 00.
Expenditure, 998 51.

Brighton Firemen's Association, services Jan-
uary 1 to May 1, 1869, $66 66

J. T. Wilson, refreshments afrer fire at Boyn-

ton's Piggery, 70 00

Charles River Engine Company salary for

one year, 400 00

Wilson Hose Company, services from May 1,

1869, to Feb. 1, 1870, 150 00

Amount carried forward.

«!686 66

Amount brought forward,

$686

H. R. Bishop & Co., ladders and painting

same,

$89

James Boyd & Son, blunderbus, repairing

hose, splices, suction screws, etc.,

J. B. Bradlee, oiling hose,

Jonas Fiske, painting and varnishing hose

carriage,

Percy & Bickford, steel fire rakes, key bolts, etc.

, 21

Cousens Brothers, wood and coal,

Wm. Hall & Co., keys,

Sundry persons, labor on engines and houses,

cleaning, painting, and miscellaneous

articles furnished,

$998

HIGHWAYS AND SIDEWALKS.

Appropriation, $7,000 00.

Transferred from other appropriations, 2,377 08.

Expenditure, $9,377 08.

Sundry persons for labor, as per vouchers, $7,005 43

John R. Black, care of highways and poor

farm one year, 591 68

J ohn R. Black, miscellaneous articles for high-
ways, 44 52

A. L. Danforth, covering stone, 83 85

Charles White, shoeing horses, sharpening

picks, repairing tools, etc., 283 23

Jonas Fiske, repairing harnesses, painting,

and harnesses, 66 29

D. N. Mosely, powder and fuse, 187 00

Amount carried forward,

$8,262 00

Amount brought forward, $8,262 00
Daniel McKinney, one horse, 275 00
Joseph W. Caldwell, horse cart, drag, re-
pairing, painting, etc., 157 88
Stephen Hill, building continuation of Frank-
lin Street, 250 00
Joseph Breck & Son, shovels and spades, 26 00
James A. Cogswell, collar and saddle, 15 00

Proctor & Warren, services regarding accept-
ance of North Beacon Street, and
Everett Street, widening draws on
Charles River, liability of town in
matter of Salem Turnpike, 123 00

W. F. Warren, services concerning Everett,

Franklin, Cambridge, and Central Sts., 46 75

E. D. Sohier, damages in altering culvert on

North Beacon Street, 129 83

Marshall S. Rice, surveying on Franklin and

Tremont Streets, etc., 32 00

Benjamin Fobes, serving orders of notice on

petitions to lay out streets, 12 00

Sundry persons for gravel, 47 62

$9,377 08

EVERETT STREET.

Hugh Fagan, land, $2,850 00

A. L. Danforth, covering stone, 94 20

Marshall S. Rice, surveying and making plans, 62 00

Sundry persons, for labor, as per vouchers, 1,020 95

$4,027 15

ACADEMY HILL ROAD.
Sundry persons for labor, as per vouchers,

$136 08

HIGH SCHOOL GROUND IMPROVEMENT.

Sundry persons, labor and gravel, as per

vouchers, $80 00

Boston & Maine Granite Co., three granite

steps, 30 00

$110 00

SALARIES OF TOWN OFFICERS.

Appropriation, $2,500 00.
Expenditure, $2,580 00.

W. D. Bickford, B. F. Pierce, and C. H. B.
Breck, services as Selectmen, Over-
seers of the Poor, and Surveyors of
Highways, $450 00

Henry H. Larnard, Treasurer, 200 00

W. F. Warren, Town Clerk, 200 00

Engineers, 300 00

Wm. R. Champney, Wm. Warren, and Elias
D. Bennett, services as Assessors in
' 1869, 750 00

C. H. B. Breck, Henry Baldwin, and J. P. C.

Winship, School Committee, 1869, 475 00
Board of Auditors, 75 00

Charles Heard, Cemetery Committee, 100 00

James A. Cogswell and N. G. Lynch, Truant

Officers, 30 00

$2,580 00

COLLECTOR'S COMMISSIONS.

W. F. Bennett, Collector of taxes for 1869,
1 per cent, on $61,606 10,

$616 07

INTEREST ON TOWN DEBT.

Appropriation, $6,000 00.
Expenditure, $6,319 27.

Commonwealth of Massachusetts,

$600

S. H. Bennett's estate,

2,620

B. F. Pierce,

308

Charles Smith,

228

Mary A. Towne,

630

National Bank of Brighton,

732

Lowell City Institution for Savings,

630

Nancy Everett,

Ebenezer B. Bogle,

Caroline Pettee,

150

Julia Pettee,

150

Henry H. Brackett,

Tirzah K. Dustin,

$6,319 27

NOTES PAYABLE.

1869. Dr.
Borrowed from National Bank of Brighton, $41,244 00
" " Hugh Fagan, 2,000 00

" " Julia Pettee, 2,500 00

" " Caroline Pettee, 2,500 00

" u Boston Five Cents Savings
Bank, 20,000 00

$68,244 00

Cr.

Paid National Bank of Brighton,
" Stephen H. Bennett's Estate,
" Julia Pettee,
" Caroline Pettee,

Balance,

$41,244 00
20,000 00
2,500 00
2,500 00
2,000 00

$68,244 00

MISCELLANEOUS.

Appropriation, $4,000 00.
Expenditure, $2,935 94.

Emery Willard, ten tons of coal for the Town

Hall, $114 00

M. L. Smith, 11 J tons coal for Town Hall, 118 29

George W. Wentworth, care of Town Hall, 99 00

Maybery & Eagleson, cleaning and repairing
furnace at Town Hall, and funnel, grate
for selectmen's room, and stove for
school committee room, 39 66

Sundry persons, charcoal for Town Hall, 28 50

E. B. Bogle, repairing settees, 18 50

Livermore & Thaxter, renovating table, mak-
ing chair cushions, 23 50

Sunclr}^ persons, furniture for School Commit-
tee's room, 58 00

Rawson & Hittenger, labor on stone crusher,
putting in new shaft and fly wheel, and
furnishing stock, 455 54

M. L. Smith, coal for stone crusher, 99 54

Charles White, labor on stone crusher and

materials furnished, 18 33

William White, land damage, widening Rock-
land St. in 1868, 200 00

Theodore Munroe, land damage, widening

Rockland St. in 1868, 100 00

Andrew J. Munroe, land damage, widening

Rockland St. in 1868, 100 00

Henry W. Paine, Esq., referees' fees in suit of

Goodwin vs. the town, 110 00

Proctor & Warren, services in case of Good-
win vs. the town, 150 00

Amount carried forward, 1,732 86

Amount brought forward, $1,732

ivxro. o<iiiy uiicKboii, casn lcceiveu irom ner

Jan. 5, 1869, and interest,

zoo

x-iuiiic xxio» v^u«5 piciiiiuni on xiioi policy

ocnooi-nouse ino. o,

1 ^1
101

vv.jp. vv arrtin, coiieciiiig, recorunig anu re-

LUIIllIlg Dll Ills, ULC, lOx lODi/,

111
ill

"RpniamiTi "P'nhpc* rlicif.vil^nt.i'no" "rpnr»T*f".ci nnfifV-

-UCX1JCXXXXJLXX X UUCiJ) UliStl XUlXtXXXg IC^UlliS) xx w Lll^y —

ing town meetings, etc.,

1 9fi
IZC

u . J? 1 cllllvllll r Ullcl , pi Jill Ol lUOdiLlUil Ol 1> .

jjt3auon oiretji m ±000,

OKJ

nn
uu

J. G. Chase, surveying for proposed sewer on

• Xld-lVdilU. OL.,

j? diii udiiiKo, jjiowii oc v^u.j oiic tcii-Loii scaic

Willi cXttJllolUll,

1 ^n

Granville Fuller & Son, lumber for scales,

9/1
Z4

James a. i_/Ogbwcii, ior ringing Den,

nn
UU

Jjlloli JETJilloU, 1U1 Ubc (Jl UtJll,

1 0

nn
uu

Wm. Warren, copying valuation of town for

loby,

nn
UU

Trklrn Ti "Willies pnTTifJO"P Viiyp

l) UXX1X U* VV XXXlo, K/<AL L L<Xl£.Ks liLlC,

O 4

^n
ou

T O TPnrVhd nfl intinc 1 nmn nnstcs and Tiflintinc

fit*, vsivmns tinnpc!

iX V VclXXWtlO ULXXXOo,

Thomas Groom & Co., tax books for assessors,

Hooper, Lewis & Co., check book, journal and

stationery,

Sundry persons, repairing pump, setting glass,

expressage, and miscellaneous services,

$2,935 94

STATE TAX.

Tax for 1869, as per warrant of assessors,
Paid Jacob H. Loud, State Treasurer,

$9,250 00
$9,250 00

PRINTING.

Appropriation, $1,000 00.
Expenditure, $976 00.

Rockwell & Rollins, printing Town Report for

1868-69, $775 25

Rockwell & Rollins, printing blanks for High

and Grammar Schools, 61 50

J. Frank Farmer, programme for High School

exhibitions, 41 50

Rice & Rogers, warrants for town meeting,

bill heads, etc., 62 50

Charles T. Valentine, and others, tax bills,

and notice, 21 75

J. E. Far well & Co., warrants and notices of

laying out streets, 13 50

$976 00

POLICE.

Appropriation, $3,500 00.
Expenditure, $2,338 27.

Harvey J. Beckwith, services, 1869-70, $1,101 00
Benjamin Fobes, " " 945 00

Charles Huckins, " February and

March, 1869, 154 00

Charles H. Champney, special police duty, 39 00
N. G. Lynch, " " " 70 00

Sundry persons, services July 4th and 5th,

1869, 12 00

John H. McCausland, windows for police

station, 17 27

$2,338 27

CEMETERY.

Appropriation, $300 00.
Expenditure, $436 71.

Francis H. Ellis, painting fence and gate, $88 00

Surveyors of Highways, loam from Rockland

Street, 63 00

John D. Willis, carriage hire, 10 50

Charles Heard, incidentals and labor of sun-
dry persons, as per vouchers, 275 21

$436 71

HOLTON LIBRARY.
Appropriation, $250 00.
Expenditure, $258 59.
W. F. Warren, Librarian, $250 00

Alfred J. Needham, repairing book-cases, 8 59

$258 59

LIGHTING STREETS AND BUILDINGS.

Appropriation, $1,300 00.
Expenditure, $1,205 15.

Brookline Gas-Light Co., gas for street lamps,

and Town Hall, $1,130 95

Harvey J. Beckwith and Charles Huckins,

lighting street lamps, 59 00

Sundry persons, repairing gas fixtures and

lamps, painting lanterns, and setting

glass, 15 20

$1,205 15

TOWN OF BRIGHTON IN ACC'T WITH LIQUOR TAX.

Dr.

To cash from H. H. Larnard, for tax col-
lected Jan. 1, 1869, $113 76
Cash received from various persons for tax in

1869, 222 63

$336 39

Cr.

By cash paid Treasurer of the Commonwealth, $168 20

Balance, 168 19

$336 39

MEMORIAL FOR H. H. LARNARD.

Appropriation, $200 00.
Crosby, Morse & Foss, silver pitcher and salver, $200 00

PURCHASE OF LAND.

Appropriation, $1,428 81.

Transferred from Corporation tax, $915 72.

Expenditure, $2,344 53.

Horace W. Jordan and Horace W. Baxter,
land on, and adjoining Winship Street
extension, $1,428 81

George H. Howe, land adjoining High School

lot, 915 72

$2,344 53

TOWN OF BRIGHTON IN ACC'T WITH NON-RESIDENT

BANK TAX.

Dr.

To tax assessed in 1868, $507 27

To tax assessed in 1869, 639 24

$1,146 51

Cr.

By discount and commissions in 1868, $17 58

By discount and commissions in 1869, 42 57

By abatement in 1869, 3 51

By cash paid State Treasurer, 1,082 85

$1,146 51

CORPORATION TAX.
Dr.

Amount due the town, as by certificate of

Tax Commissioner, $5,630 06

Cr.

Received from State Treasurer, $5,484 56

Balance due, 145 50

$5,630 06

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Amount of Town Debt, on page 29,

Keduced as follows : —
By amount due from State Aid, 1869,

" " Thomas Hunt, on account

of scales for 1867,
" " Thomas Hunt, on account

of scales for 1868,
" " B. S. Fiske, on account of
tax for 1867 and 1868,
" " W. F. Bennett, on account

of tax for 1869,
" " Treasurer,
" " State,

$88,509 77

S536 00

30 06

50 00

287 41

189 60
529 86
145 50
$1,768 43

Net Amount of Town Debt,

$86,741 34

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Note by the Treasurer. — As the Report rendered February 1st, 1869,
mentions several items due the town that will not appear in this report,
it may be well to give an explanation of their disposition.

A settlement has been made with the State for all State aid paid pre-
viously to January 1st, 1869. Aid paid in 1869 not being payable to the
town until December of the year following, there remain due from the
State on that account five hundred and thirty-six dollars.

The unpaid war tax, stated as seventeen hundred and fifty dollars, and
the balance of taxes, two hundred and twenty-six dollars and forty-four
cents, due from the estate of Jonathan Hastings, were abated by the town
at a meeting held April 26, 1869.

The amount due from Collector of Taxes for the years 1867 and 8 has
been reduced to two hundred and eighty seven dollars and forty-one
cents.

The Treasurer was authorized, by vote of the town, to borrow money
for the following purposes : —

Alteration of Primary School building No. 3.
Repairs to Academy Hill Road.
High School ground improvement.

Alteration of Line between High School lot, and land of George H.

Continuation of Everett Street.
In the latter part of the year, the Treasurer was authorized to borrow
a sum of money not exceeding eight thousand dollars, to defray current
expenses for the balance of the year. Two thousand dollars were bor-
rowed for the construction of Everett Street ; but no other money has been
borrowed under the votes referred to, as the receipts from the corpora-
tion tax and other sources have sufficed to meet the expenditures. Unex-
pended balances of appropriations have been applied to such accounts as
have exceeded the appropriations, and for which a loan was authorized,
there appearing to be no necessity to borrow money while such balances
remained in the treasury.

The town debt has been increased during the past year by the above-
mentioned loan of two thousand dollars, and the addition of interest on
the Holton Charity Funds.

Howe.

VALUE OF TOWN PROPERTY.

Town House and all attached,
High School House and land,
Bennett Grammar, house and land,

$20,000 00
14,000 00
13,000 00

Amount carried forward,

$47,000 00

Amount brought forward, $47,000 00

Havard " " " 10,000 00

Primary No. 2, " " 6,500 00

No. 3, " " 5,500 00

No. 5, " " 5,000 00

No. 6, " " 5,000 00

Poor Farm, buildings, stock, etc., 7,000 00

Ledge, 2,000 00

Engine House, and all attached, at north part of town, 1,000 00
Lot of land in Newton, nominal.

Cemetery lots unsold, "

$89,000 00

ASSESSORS' REPORT

AND

COLLECTOR'S REPORT

OF THE

TOWN OF BRIGHTON.

JANUARY, 1870.

ASSESSORS' ACCOUNT.

Real,
Personal,

VALUATION OF REAL AND PERSONAL ESTATE.

Resident.

$2,835,049 00

Real,
Personal,

Total valuation,

1,710,319 00

Non-Resident.

$481,980 00
193,571 00

$4,545,368 00

$675,551 00
$5,220,919 00

Rate of taxation,

1,202 polls, $2

Additional
a

Six polls,

Town appropriation,
State Tax,
County Tax,
Overlayings,
Additions,

1 ft- per cent.

272 16
20 40
12 00

$62,651 00
2,404 00

304 56
$65,359 56

$50,978 81
9,250 00
3,765 66
1,060 51
304 58

$65,359 56

Taxation on stock in National Banks in
Brighton, belonging to non-residents,
and committed to the Collector, not
included in the foregoing, $639 24

Abatements for 1869, 594 96

" on three shares bank stock belonging to non-
residents, 3 51

$598 47

WILLIAM R. CHAMPNEY,
WILLIAM WARREN,
ELIAS D. BENNETT, )

Brighton, Feb. 1, 1870.

EBPOBT

OF THE

COMMITTEE OF EVERGREEN CEMETERY.

NINTH ANNUAL REPORT

OP THE

COMMITTEE OF EVERGREEN CEMETERY.

Interments during the past year, 26. Adults, 12 ; under twelve
years, 14.

Whole number interred in Cemetery, 423.

One lot, and a small triangular piece, have been sold during the
past year.

The front fence and a gateway have been repaired and painted.

About 350 loads of earth (partly loam) have been drawn
into the Cemetery by the Highway Surveyors, from land taken
to widen Rockland Street, for which a draft was made on the
appropriation of the Cemetery for sixty-three dollars. A num-
ber of lots, and several small triangular pieces that have been
dug over and rilled, are unsold. The September gale scattered a
large quantity of rubbish over the grounds, making many extra
days of labor necessary. The Tool House will need painting the
coming year. Many of the large chestnut- trees have been injured
by persons in gathering the nuts, and, being generally done on
Sundays, or in the absence of the workmen, it is difficult to detect
the perpetrators. The land filled by the Boston Water Commis-
sioners should be ploughed and prepared for tillage or for grass.
It is expected that the Reservoirs will be finished during the coming
year, and the town will, undoubtedly, be called upon to build its
share of division fence, for which an appropriation should be made.
There are about twenty-five lots cared for by the Committee, for
which the small amount charged has not been paid; much of it,
however, will probably be collected before the close of another
year.

CHARLES HEARD,

Cemetery Committee.

Brighton, Feb. 1, 1870.

Town of Brighton in account with Evergreen Cemetery.

Dr.

To cash paid for 94 days' labor, $205 88
" " Alex. McMartey and man, mow-
ing, 25 50
" " A. J. Needham, labor and stock

for fence, 6 05
" " F. H. Ellis, painting fence and

gateway, 88 00
" " John Bergin, 2 days, horse and

cart, 4 00

" " John W. Willis, horse-hire, 10 50

" " Gill & Bell, stone stub-posts, 13 50

" " F. Harding & Co., tools, etc., 1 23

" " Asa Hunting, repairing pump, 1 75

" " E. Augustus Story, plants, 7 50

" " C. Heard, tools and sundries, 9 80

" 14 Highway Surveyors, for loam, 63 00

$436 71

Cr.

By cash received of Town Treasurer, $258 71

" 64 for sale of 2 lots, $30 00

" " for grading and finishing do., 110 00

$140 00

Less amount paid Town

Treasurer for 2 certificates, 30 00

110 00

for leaves and stone, 23 00

for care of sundry lots, 45 00

$436 71

E.E. CHARLES HEARD, Cemetery Committee.

Brighton, Feb. 1, 1870.

POLICE REPORT.

OFFICERS ON REGULAR DUTY.

Harvey J. Beckwith, twelve months ; Charles L. Huckins,
February 1, to March 23 ; Benjamin Fobes, March 23, to January
81.

SPECIAL POLICE APPOINTED DURING THE YEAR.

Charles H. Champney. S. S. Cutter.

C. Barrett Jones. George Wilson. •

B. H. Champney. John G. Wiggin.

Simon V. Brown. Marshall H. Wells.
Jacob N. Newmarch.
Persons furnished with provisions and lodging during

the year at the station-house, 301

ARRESTS.

Assault and battery, 40

Drunkenness, 289

Larceny, 27

Vagrancy, 7

Fast driving, 14

Forgery, 4

Breaking and entering, . 4

Malicious mischief, 5

Cruelty to animals, 14

Receiving stolen property, 2

Permitting animals to run at large in public streets, 2

Obtaining goods by false pretence, 1

Keeping unlicensed dog, 1

Bastardy, 1

Refusing to pay car-fare, 1

Idle and disorderly, » 1

Selling intoxicating liquor without license, 1

414

HAKVEY J. BECKWITH, ) Police Officers
BENJAMIN FOBES, j of Brighton.

Brighton, Feb. 1, 1870.

TRUANT OFFICERS' REPORT.

During the past year the officers have been called upon to
arrest boj^s for truancy, and place them in the lock-up. They have
taken boys from the streets and returned them to the schools, and
have visited parents to induce them to keep their truant children
at school. In many instances it has been difficult to decide
whether children had a bona-fide excuse to be absent from school ;
and we would renew our recommendation of the last year, that such
children, whose parents allow them to be absent from school, shall
obtain from the School Committee a written " Permit; " and we
would urge upon the town the adoption of this recommendation,
and that suitable provision be made for the disposal of those
children found in the streets without such a permit.

N. G. LYNCH,
J. A. COGSWELL,

Truant Officers,

EEPOET

OP THE

CHIEF ENGINEER

OF THE

BRIGHTON FIRE DEPARTMENT.
7B

FIRE DEPARTMENT REPORT.

"Butcher Boy," Engine No. 1.

This Engine has no company, and is to be taken out only in case
of fire in the centre of the town.

Apparatus belonging to No. 1. — 100 feet leather hose, in fair or-
der ; 250 feet leather hose, in good order ; 200 feet leather hose,
in bad order ; together with the necessary Engine House furniture,
a complete list of which has been placed in the hands of the
Selectmen.

'Charles River, Engine No. 2.

Company reorganized May 1, 1869, consisting of 40 members.
Engine in complete order. George Scott, Foreman ; M. A. Brown,
1st Asst. Foreman ; W. Killion, 2d Asst. Foreman ; M. Lawless,
Clerk.

Apparatus belonging to No. 2. — 300 feet leading hose, in good or-
der ; 300 feet leading hose, in fair order ; together with the neces-
sary Engine House furniture, a complete list of which has been
placed in the hands of the Selectmen.

Wilson Hose Co.

Company reorganized May 1, 1869, consisting of 14 members,
Charles W. Pierce, Foreman ; W. B. Hollis, 1st Assistant ; W. C.
Lee, Clerk.

Apparatus belonging to Hose Co. — 150 feet leather hose, in fair
order ; 250 feet leather hose, in good order ; together with the

necessary pipes, spanners, etc., a complete list of which has been
placed in the hands of the Selectmen.

The Department has been called out three times during the
year.

June 10. Burning of slaughter-house and barn occupied by
Henry B. Goodenough.
June 13. Slight fire in house occupied by Michael Dunlary.
Oct. 18. Alarm from brush burning at Brighton Corner.

The Chief Engineer would again urge upon the town' the neces-
sity of providing a supply of water for the use of the engines in
case of fire.

CHRISTOPHER TRACY,

Chief Engineer.

Brighton, Feb. 1, 1870.

KEPOET

SELECTMEN, SURVEYORS OF HIGHWAYS,

AND

OVERSEERS OF THE POOR.

REPORT.

The Selectmen respectfully submit the following Report : —
Some of the members of the Board have spent much time in
attending to the various duties that have come under their care.

Petitions have been presented for several new streets. One
was that Center Street and Central Place be laid out as a public
highway over the land of Messrs. Rice & Scott from Market Street
to Cambridge Street. At a hearing on this petition a large majority
of the abuttors appeared and opposed it, on the ground that in
laying out the street forty feet wide, the usual width of streets
accepted by the town, it would destroy all the shade trees on both
sides of the street, and take all of the front yards up to their
dwellings.

This would make the town liable to pay considerable damage ;
and as the abuttors would seem in this case to be more benefited
than the public at large we concluded not to lay it out.

A second petition was presented to continue Franklin Street to
Cambridge Street over the land of the Boston and Albany Rail-
road, to the railroad, and from the railroad over the land of
Gunzenheiser to Cambridge Street. This extension seemed to be
much needed, not only for the accommodation of our own citizens,
but for the city of Cambridge and town of Brookline. It would
save quite a distance in travel, besides making a direct street from
Cambridge Colleges to Brookline, instead of a very crooked and
bewildering way. The Boston and Albany Railroad Corporation
are building extensive work and machine shops in the neighbor-
hood ; and we thought best to lay it out now, rather than wait until
the land would be built upon, which would cause much delay and
more expense.

A petition in aid of this extension, numerously signed by citizens
of Cambridge, Brookline, and Brighton, has been laid before the

County Commissioners ; and from the great necessity of this street,
we expect they will give permission to cross the railroad at grade.
The street has been graded up to the railroad on both sides,
agreeably to a vote of the town.

A third petition has also been made for a new street, starting at
"Washington Street near the Brighton Hotel, over the lands of the
heirs of the late Stephen H. Bennett, and the Messrs. Sparhawk,
to Market or North Beacon Street. There was also a remon-
strance presented.

The lands over which this would pass are very valuable for build-
ing purposes, and it is of great importance to the town and the
owners that the street should be properly laid out. As the
petitioners did not offer any well-digested plan, and as a matter of
so much importance should not be acted upon hastily, we thought
it best to take no action at present.

We beg leave to suggest, for the consideration of the town, that
an avenue of sixty feet in width, starting nearly opposite S.
Da is s slaughter-house on River Street, crossing the Boston and
Albany Railroad near the cattle-yards, and North Beacon Street,
over the land of the Messrs. Sparhawk and the heirs of the late
S. H. Bennett, to Washington Street, where the stable of the
Brighton Hotel now stands, and widening Winship and Rockland
Streets to the same width as far as South Street, would be a great
public improvement. It would open a great extent of fine building
land, and a splendid avenue to the Chestnut Hill Reservoir ; and
would to some extent relieve Market Street of excessive travel.

Some action should be taken to widen Market Street. It
is the only avenue from the centre to the Brighton Railroad
Station and the north part of the town. Children who attend the
Bennett Grammar and High Schools from that section of the town,
and also nearly all the cattle landed from the Boston and Albany
Railroad, and many that come over the northern roads, pass through
this street ; and on two days in the week it is not a safe thoroughfare
for women and children. The sidewalks are very narrow, and are
continually broken down by the cattle crowding upon them. The
widening can be done now at a less expense than at any future
time ; the land damages will be comparatively very small.

We consider it our duty to call the attention of the town to the
condition of the old burying-ground. The brick walls are crum-

Ming away ; many of the tombs have partially fallen in, and in
some cases exposing the interior.

Some of the tombs have been slightly repaired by the town, but
much more is required to be done to make it even decent for a
burial-place. Many of the owners of tombs have moved from
town, and have bought lots in other cemeteries. The ground is
filled with graves, and overgrown with trees and rank weeds, and
the Board of Health must soon interfere and prevent any more
interments there.

We are aware that there is a feeling repugnant to its removal ;
but in its present condition — (and there is great doubt in our
minds whether a sufficient sum could be collected at this time,
when there are so many beautiful cemeteries in our own town and
neighborhood, to put it into a fit condition for interments) — many
of the tombs must be newly arched with brick, the openings
repaired, brick walls relaid, all of which will cost a great deal of
money. If Market Street is widened, it will take a part of it. In
view of these facts, we respectfully recommend the town to take
necessary action to have it removed.

An application was made for a location for the Riverside Trot-
ting-Park. It has been the practice of the Board of Selectmen in
this town, for a number of years past, to refuse locations for any
business that would be likely to be offensive to the people who
reside near the location asked for.

When this application came before us, we decided not to grant

it.

A town meeting was called, which voted by a very large major-
ity to instruct the Selectmen to locate it.

After hearing a large amount of evidence and arguments by
eminent counsel, for and against the location, and having become
satisfied that a majority of tax-payers were in favor of it, we
finally agreed upon the following location : —

Agreeably to a vote of the town, instructing the Selectmen to
locate the Riverside Trotting-Park, at a meeting of the Board,
held on the 10th of January, it was voted that John A. and Silas
W. Sawyer be authorized to lay out and build a mile track, to be
used as a trotting-park, on their land situated in said town, between
the Boston and Albany Railroad on the south, Charles River on

the east, Cambridge Street on the north, and the land of S. Hill on
the west.

And the said Sawyers shall have no gambling on the premises,
except purses and pools for the races, and they shall employ a
sufficient police force to preserve good order, and to keep all evil-
disposed persons from the adjoining lands, and to prevent the ob-
struction of travel on the highways.

HIGHWAYS.

A great amount of labor has been done on our highways the
past year, but we cannot say that they are in as good condition as
we could wish. We have more heavy teaming over our streets
than any town of its size in the State. Our own business is princi-
pally done by heavy teams. The teaming to the United States
Arsenal, and to the Watertown Logwood and Grain Mills, and of
brick and clay to the Chestnut Hill Reservoir, is all done by heavy
teams.

Our marsh-roads, and all others at the north and east part of the
town, have a soft foundation. They are so soft that even crushed
stone, put on to the depth of eight or ten inches, disappears in some
places in one year. The marsh end of Cambridge Street was
thoroughly repaired with crushed stone last spring, but we have
been obliged to fill the ruts this winter to make it passable. We
charge this extraordinary wear, to a great extent, to the Horse
Railroad Corporation. The Superintendent of that corporation
made a verbal agreement with one of the members of this Board,
that, if we would allow the Railroad Company to raise their track
to a level of the street, they would move the track out two feet.
The railroad raised their track, but did not move it out an inch. No
team could drive within twelve inches of their rail ; which caused
the street to be much narrower, rendering it very difficult for large
teams to pass each other when going in opposite directions, and
obliging all the teams to follow the same track.

We have twice written to the President of the Railroad Com-
pany to make this agreement good ; but he has not seen fit to
reply.

We recommend that the town take necessary action to oblige the
Horse Railroad Company to perform their part of the agreement.
The end of North Harvard Street, towards the bridge, was thorough-
ly repaired with coarse gravel last spring ; but the teaming to the
Chestnut Hill Reservoir, over that road, has been so heavy, that it
is very badly rutted, and should be covered with crushed stone this
spring. Market Street was also repaired with gravel, but is now
badly rutted and worn out ; it will require some repair in the
spring. Other streets have been repaired where there seemed to be
the greatest necessity. Over three thousand dollars of the
appropriation has been expended in what may be called extraordi-
nary repairs. Rockland Street has been widened from the line of
the city lands to the junction of South Street, which makes a
very attractive street as far as the widening has gone. The
culvert under North Beacon Street was entirely washed out last
February, which caused the street to be impassable for a number
of days ; this was relaid with heavy stone, and much enlarged. The
culvert under Franklin Street, near the residence of Stephen Hill,
has been taken up and much enlarged. This was necessary to take
off the water from land above, which did considerable damage in
the season from heavy rains. The culvert under Beacon Street, on
the line between Brookline and Brighton, has been insufficient to
take off the water when we had heavy rains. The Board of
Selectmen of the two towns met there to decide whether it would
be necessary to have it taken up. The outlet of the culvert
seemed to be filled up with stone and rubbish ; and we concluded
to let our road-man, Mr. Black, go to work with his men, and see
if it could be cleared. After removing the stone, he found some
plank, which proved to be a dam, which completely stopped the
water coming within about an inch of the top of the culvert. He
cut this away, opening a large culvert capable of taking off all the
water that could possibly come from the low land above.

E. D. Sohier claimed damages to his water privilege, which
was adjusted between the two towns and his agent, to his
satisfaction. The whole expense was about four hundred dollars,
equally divided between the two towns.

From the experience we have had, we are satisfied that crushed
stone is the cheapest material the town can use for the highways,
particularly for the marsh-roads.

A large amount of stone is now ready for use, and the crusher
will be kept at work until spring. We hope to have enough ready to
last all summer, for marsh and other soft roads.

The town should own a roller for the highways, similar to those
used at the Chestnut Hill Reservoir. It would be the means of
saving material that is put upon the roads ; and they can thus be
made solid, so that they are less liable to become rutted.

OVERSEERS OF THE POOR.

The Poor Farm has been under the care of J. R. Black, who has
also the charge of the highways. It has been greatly improved
since he has had the care of it. The gross proceeds from the sale
of produce have been $498 78 ; the cost of labor has been $222 17 ;
leaving a balance of $276 61. This does not include the hay, which
is sufficient to feed three horses and two cows.

The old stone walls, that divided the land into small fields,
have been mostly removed, and crushed into material for the high-
ways. The barn, as enlarged, is no more than sufficient to hold the
hay-crop and other fodder.

The internal affairs of the house have been prudently managed
by Mrs. Black. The only pauper there, Harriet Shed, has good
care, and her mental condition seems to have improved in the last
few years.

Patrick McGee is the only person fully supported, out of the
Almshouse ; he has been bedridden a number of years and cannot
be removed to the Almshouse.

Some poor families are assisted to a limited extent when found
needy. We think the number applying for assistance is not as
numerous as in years past.

The town Treasurer has managed to settle the claims that have
been standing against the Board of State Charities for a number of
years very satisfactorily.

BOARD OF HEALTH.

There has been more complaint the past year than any year be-
fore of offensive odors. We can account for this only that there
have been more animals slaughtered, and more swine kept to eat the
offal, while there has been no extra care taken to keep the slaughter-
houses and yards clean. We have visited many of the places
where slaughtering is done, and have, with one exception, been
received with courtesy. The most of the proprietors have ex-
pressed a determination to keep their places from being offensive.
How far they have succeeded we leave for the public to decide.
We are confident that the time is not far distant when measures
must be taken to protect the community from the putrid odors
from the slaughtering business as it is now conducted.

The State Board of Health have made their first annual report
which we think will be more acceptable to our citizens than any
extended report we could make. We therefore shall reprint a
large portion of their report relating to the business of slaughter-
ing animals and the disposition of the offal. We hope that our
enterprising butchers may adopt some of the suggestions there
made, which are successful in New York and the principal cities of
Europe.

W. D. BICKFORD, ^Selectmen
B. F. PIERCE, > of
H. W. BAXTER, ) Brighton.

EXTRACT FROM REPORT OF STATE BOARD OF HEALTH,

ON SLAUGHTERING FOR BOSTON MARKET.

During the past year fifty-three thousand beeves, three hundred
and forty-two thousand sheep, and one hundred and forty-four
thousand hogs were slaughtered within six miles of Faneuil Hall.
While the population within this circle of town and cities has been
every year growing more dense, requiring not only increased sup-
plies of meat, but also, in common justice to all, increased precau-
tions for the maintenance of health, the mode of slaughtering
animals has undergone no change. The whole process is carried
on in essentially the same way that it was half a century ago, when
the population was not a fifth part of what it is to-day, and when
the influences affecting the health of crowded communities were
almost unrecognized, and quite uncared for.

The vacant and waste places where offensive trades established
themselves long ago are now being rapidly filled by a busy popu-
lation whose need of wholesome air is urgent. We have no room
left for nuisances. They cannot exist in our midst without depriv-
ing somebody of what he has an inherent right to enjoy.

Practices in themselves objectionable may be permitted where
there is plenty of fresh air, while in a crowded population they
become offensive and dangerous. Unsewered houses, open privies,
pig-pens, heaps of stable manure, may be suffered in the country,
because their influence is modified by abundant ventilation ; but
in a crowded city, containing fifty or a hundred persons to the
acre, they always increase the death-rate, and occasionally nourish
a pestilence. The same considerations apply equally to the exist-
ing modes of slaughtering animals. The general welfare requires
us to guard our populous towns from every form of impurity, to
search out the origin of offensive, and particularly of putrid odors,
and to show, when it is possible to do so, how they may be avoided
or prevented.

Great cities everywhere are discovering that the slaughtering of
animals may become a prolific and dangerous source of filth.
Paris discovered it under Napoleon the First, who applied the
remedy. London was slow to reach the same conclusion ; but has
now followed the example of Paris. New York has recently be-
come convinced that something should be done in the same direc-
tion, and the butchers themselves have entered upon the work of
purification with zeal, and their complete success is already
assured. St. Louis is now demanding a similar reform.

The great population within five miles of the State-house, which
really constitutes Boston, whatever may be the town and city lines,
is still polluted by the foul air which proceeds from modes of
slaughtering, and bone-boiling, and fat-melting, which are not only
offensive, but old-fashioned, clumsy, and wasteful.

The last annual report of the selectmen of the town of Brighton
contains the following paragraph : "At certain seasons of the
year it is almost impossible, as the slaughtering business is now
managed, to prevent offensive smells, especially when found
necessary to cast away the heaps of offal that have accumulated,
and which, as long as left undisturbed, are prevented from emit-
ting any disagreeable odor by the daily use of disinfectants,
applied as often as fresh material is added, and where hogs are not
allowed to disturb the heaps."

In 1866, when an epidemic of cholera was feared, the selectmen
of Brighton employed Dr. Henry G. Clark, of Boston, to make a
sanitary inspection of the town. His report was published, and
the following extract refers to the slaughter-houses : " They all,
with one exception, were in a condition and conducted in a man-
ner which I consider both disagreeable and dangerous, directly
and remotely, to their immediate vicinage, and to public and
individual health. The slaughtering being done under cover, the
blood, excepting what was saved in casks for sale or transporta-
tion, was suffered either to flow down through the floors into a sort
of open cellar, or into the grounds immediately adjoining. The
entrails and their contents were disposed of in the same way. At
all of the slaughter-houses hogs were kept, and fed upon this
material, reeking hot, or rotten as it might be by exposure to the
sun and air, and to the wallowing of the swine in it. In some of
these establishments all this filthiness was aggravated by long

accumulation, and by fermentation in stagnant pools of water.
The stench about all these places so kept is horrible, and although
the day of inspection was a fine dry one, with a free north-west
wind blowing, the odor from some of them could be observed for
more than half a mile very strongly.

" The grounds " (near points previously referred to in the re-
port) " being manured with heaps of the material, the whole
neighborhood was infected with its odor." Dr. Clark also says,
" Any description of the slaughter-houses must fall short of the
perfectly disgusting reality, which can only be wholly appreciated
by a personal inspection."

The selectmen, in appealing to their townsmen to keep their
slaughter-houses as clean as possible, say that " there are those
who think it for their pecuniary interest to live, and compel their
neighbors to live, in an atmosphere of putrid odors." Also, in
another place : " The notion that one town in the vicinity of a
great city can be set apart and endowed with a peculiar right to
be offensive, is as contrary to common sense as it is to law. The
streams which convey the decaying matter, the air which carries
the sickening odors, do not stop at boundary lines ; and our
highways are as open and as necessary to strangers as to our
townspeople."

This was the condition of the Brighton slaughter-houses in 1866 ;
and they have not improved since that period. They are even
more offensive now, because their number has increased, and a
larger population is exposed to their influence. There are now
about fifty slaughter-houses scattered through the town, none of
them of great magnitude, each occupied by a single individual or
firm, and each a separate centre of polluted air. The combined
effect is familiar to all who pass the Allston Station, on the
Albany Railroad, in the summer months, or who drive through
the town by the common roads. It is perceptible on the other
side of Charles River, in Cambridge, when the wind blows in that
direction. It is entirely due to putrefaction, and chiejly of animal
matter.

The great source of offence in all these establishments consists
in the manner of disposing of the parts of the animal used neither
for food nor in the arts. In the ox these parts are, the larger por-
tion of the intestines and all of their contents, the "omasum" or

third stomach, the spleen, the lungs, and about half of the blood.
In the sheep, the intestines, spleen, stomach, and all of the blood.
Every slaughter-house has a piggery, into which are thrown all
these portions of the cattle and sheep. The result is a putrid
mass, consisting of blood, which decomposes almost as soon as it
falls upon such material, the excrement of the animals killed, and
of the hogs, the half-digested food contained in the entrails, and
the offal itself, covered with decomposing matter. In this filth the
hogs wallow. At uncertain intervals it is scraped out and banked
up on the ground (often very spongy) , to await a purchaser, or is
carted off to be spread upon land. The track of these carts is
evident, on the roads, both to sight and smell. The fat is carted
for long distances in various directions, a portion going to Rox-
bury, another to Watertown, another to Cambridge and elsewhere.
The portion of the blood of cattle which does not go to the hogs is
taken away for the sugar-refiners, but often not until it has become
disgustingly putrid.

The heads and feet are taken to the bone-boilers and glue-
makers, the hides to the tanners. This general description of
the disposition made of different parts of the slaughtered animals
applies to all the towns about Boston where the business is car-
ried on, except Cambridge, which city prohibits the keeping of
hogs. The offal is taken from Cambridge to Lexington and else-
where.

The floors of the slaughter-houses are of wood, and are satu-
rated with blood. In most of them there is no sewerage ; generally
an imperfect drain leads to some marsh or low piece of ground ;
sometimes to a brook. The surrounding ground is filled with
decomposing matter.

THE SLAUGHTER-HOUSE PIGGERIES

are objectional on the score of health ; first, because they pro-
duce a questionable, if not positively unwholesome, kind of pork ;
second, because they poison the air of their neighborhood.

The pig is almost the only quadruped feeding, in whole or in
part, on flesh, which civilized man is unwilling to eat, unless
pressed by starvation ; among ourselves the only exceptions are

the bear and the raccoon, and meat is not the chief food of either
of these animals.

The slaughter-house hog not only eats flesh, but flesh in a state
of putridity, and is therefore entitled to be regarded as the carrion
beast. If he is good to eat, so are the crow, and the buzzard.
Few person would be willing to eat him if they saw him in his
putrid sty, with wreaths of entrails hanging about his necks,
and his body smeared with blood. We are not prepared to assert
that eating pork fed in this way is productive of any special
disease, parasitic or otherwise. It would be very difficult, and
perhaps impossible, to prove. Butchers often say that pigs fed
on beef offal make good pork, and better than pigs fed on sheep
offal. However this may be, we can say with certainty that
human instinct (which is sometimes better than reason) recoils
from such food.

We know that the fat of the carrion beast is soft, and prone to
decomposition unless his diet is changed to grain before killing.
If the question is asked of any butcher in the market whether the
pork he offers for sale is from a slaughter-house pen, the reply
will be such as to satisfy the inquirer that such origin is not con-
sidered a recommendation.

The second objection to slaughter-house piggeries is of a more
positive character. If anything is settled as to the causes of
disease it is the influence of decomposing organic matter in giving
rise to diarrhoeal affections and typhoid fever, in depressing the
vitality of children, thus rendering them less capable of resisting
disease in every form, and in making all the epidemics more active
and virulent. The slaughter-house pig-pens are filled with putrid
animal matter, with rotting blood mingled with excrement, and are
therefore a source of danger to public health.

Assuming the number of people to have increased five hundred
since the census of 1865, the death-rate of Brighton in 1868 was
twenty-two, and in 1869 twenty-seven, in a thousand. These
rates are as high as in the crowded wards of Boston, higher than
in any one of the nineteen most populous cities and towns in the
last published report, and are not equalled by any town of cor-
responding size in the Commonwealth.

The future character of this beautiful township, possessing
rare advantages for the establishment of healthful and pleasant
9b

homes for a hundred thousand people, must depend upon the
manner in which its chief business is conducted. Tainted air
will finally attract a tainted population, while a reform of its
slaughter-houses, which is both practicable and safe, will not
only insure the future health of Brighton, but greatly increase
the value of its territory.

FAT-MELTING AND BONE-BOILING-.

The fat and tallow and heads from the various slaughter-
houses around Boston are carried to the melting and bone-boil-
ing establishments. They also receive a large portion of the
feet of the animals, and the fat, and odds and ends from pro-
vision-stores, also very lean and unsalable meat from the
markets. Some of them receive dead animals. These various
portions are separated according to their fat-rendering value.

This material is carried about the neighborhood of Boston,
and is finally delivered, in Boston proper, in Cambridge, Charles-
town, Brighton, Roxbury, and other towns. Here it is boiled in
open vats, and emits a most offensive odor. Sometimes an
attempt is made to carry off the vapors by a high chimney, but
even in this case the lids of the vats are of wood, and the foul
smell freely escapes.

The effect of boiling is to drive off the watery portions, leav-
ing in the vats tallow, lard, oil, or grease, according to the mate-
rials emplo}'ed ; also bones, and the scrap or " greaves."

The bones are shipped to New York or sent to East Boston to
be ground and used, for the most part, as fertilizers. The scrap
is generally pressed into cakes to be used for feeding hogs or
poultry, and sometimes is used as manure. At one of the
largest of these establishments the scrap, dipped out of the vats,
is spread in layers like fish-flakes, and dried by a furnace. The
odor in the building where this drying process is carried on is
insupportable, and the general stench from the premises is such
as to be perceptible several hundred yards from the entrance ;
and this in a part of Boston filled with a crowded popula-
tion.

DISPOSITION MADE OF DEAD HORSES, CATTLE, SHEEP, PIGS, DOGS
AND CONDEMNED MEAT.

In a population as large as that of Boston and its immediate
vicinity, the amount of dead material of the description above
referred to is very great, and it becomes every year more
important that it should be disposed of in an orderly, cleanly,
and healthful manner. Dead horses from the streets and stables
of Boston proper are now carried through South Boston and
shipped from the "Point" to Spectacle Island. Fifteen to
twenty a week are here boiled in open vats, emitting a horrible
stench, which is carried by the wind over the inner harbor and
adjacent islands. Pigs have been kept at this place in large
numbers, but on a recent visit we found only two. The place
is disgusting, and filth}' in the extreme.

Dead cattle and sheep and pigs, from the railroad trains, are
bought by the various bone-boiling establishments in the neigh-
borhood of Boston and "rendered" in the manner described.
Some of them also receive horses. Many of the animals are
putrid before a bargain is made for their removal. Dogs and
cats for the most part get into the docks, or are thrown into
the ash-carts, and go to make up the filling of new land.

THE REMEDIES

for the evils to which we have called attention may be thus
expressed in their simplest form : —
1st. The prevention of putrefaction.

2d. The conversion of the offensive vapors resulting from
boiling into inodorous and harmless gases.

Everything connected with the business of slaughtering can
in one of these two ways be disposed of, except the manure
made by the animals, which need be no more offensive than in
a well-kept stable.

To accomplish all this it is necessary : —

1st. To give up the practice of feeding the offal to hogs.

2d. To build abattoirs and melting-houses within the same
enclosure.

Not a single step can be made in the improvement of existing
modes of slaughtering without giving up the practice of feeding
the offal to hogs ; with them reform is hopeless.

It is not necessary to go to either Paris or London to see an
abattoir on a very extensive plan. The " Butchers' Hide and
Melting Association " of New York have one in successful opera-
tion at the foot of Forty-fourth and Forty -fifth Streets, East River .
They never fed the offal to hogs in the city of New York, but
every other imaginable form of nuisance had grown up about the
slaughter-houses which existed there five years ago. Now all is
changed, and the business is conducted in an orderly, cleanly, and
healthful manner, giving no offence whatever to the surrounding
population, and, as we were informed on the spot, with increased
econonry, profit, and satisfaction to the butchers themselves.
There are twenty-nine bulks or compartments within the immense
structure to which we have referred, each of which is occupied by
a separate butchering firm, who have complete control of their
premises. The "terms" to butchers using this abattoir, or any
other of the recently improved slaughter-houses in New York, are
now fixed, and consist simply of the feet and legs of the cattle from
the knee down, with the skin on. These are sold by^the proprietors
to the manufacturers of glue and Prussian blue for eleven cents a
piece, or forty-four cents for a set of four. This pays a good
profit upon investment for buildings and appliances, and all parties
are satisfied.

Every portion of the animals liable to become putrid or offensive
is removed before the decomposition can attack it, even in the
warmest weather, and this is done in an orderly and methodical
way.

Melting-vats are under the same roof. The vapors from these
vats are condensed in the East River, and there is no offensive
odor whatsoever. Nothing is wasted, and everything is made to
bring the highest price by the saving of the cost of transportation.
The only thing needed in this establishment to make it complete is
a vat for " rendering " offal. This is now carted across the city
before decomposition can attack it, to the " rendering dock" at
the foot of Thirty-eighth Street, North River, where it is dumped
directly into vats, which are then hermetically closed except for
the escape of the vapors and noxious gases, which pass through

coils of iron pipe intensely heated by a furnace. These vapors
are finally mingled with a certain proportion of air, by an arrange-
ment similar to an argand burner, and are conducted into the
flame of the furnace where they are consumed. There are re-
ceived annually in the vats of this establishment four thousand
dead horses, many hundreds of dead cattle and sheep, five thou-
sand dogs and cats, one hundred and twenty-five thousand pounds
of condemned meat, and those parts of the slaughtered animals
which at Brighton go to the hogs, from every slaughter-honse in the
city of New York.

This material is " rendered " into tallow, grease, bone, and
scrap, without the slightest odor proceeding from the vats during
the process. The scrap and bones are removed in barges to be
used as fertilizers.

By either of these processes, the condensation of the vapors by cold
water, or the destruction by fire, every tallow-rendering and bone-
boiling establishment can be made perfectly inoffensive.

THE VALUE OF BLOOD.

The reform of any social evil may be greatly hastened, if it can
be shown that it does not involve pecuniary loss. Whoever at-
tempts to reform our modes of slaughtering animals must be pre-
pared to meet the universal statement among the butchers that
hogs fed upon blood and offal are a source of profit. We cannot
deny it, while at the same time asserting that, as a source of danger
to public health, the practice ought to be given up. But we also
believe that the loss of the value of blood involved in the present
system is enough to nearly, and perhaps quite, compensate for the
gain in hog-keeping.*

The blood of slaughtered sheep and hogs is now entirely lost.
No attempt is made to save it, and it is left to putrefy in the pens.
The blood of cattle killed at Brighton is scattered over its many
slaughter-houses, and is regarded as of so little value that the
portion saved is sold by the butchers for anything they can get.

* This gain is not as great as might at first appear, since a good deal of the offal now
thrown into the pens is only partially stripped of its fat. Under a better system all this
fat would go with the tallow.

Some of them say that they are glad to be rid of it at any price,
because it so quickly becomes offensive. The blood of Brighton
does not bring more than a cent a gallon, reckoning one season with
another. On the other hand, at the largest slaughter-house in
New York, and a very fine one, although not equal to the one just
described, the proprietor informed us that he sold the blood of
thirty thousand cattle killed last year for five thousand dollars
cash, which was enough to pay the interest on the cost of his estab-
lishment, and that he expected to get a good deal more in future.

The value of blood consists chiefly in its ^erum or watery part,
which separates from the clot on coagulation ; and the value of
this portion depends upon its containing albumen. Sugar-refiners
use the fresh blood, because it is cheaper and the color is not ob-
jectionable, but calico-printers and photographers require it to be
colorless, and therefore use either egg albumen, or blood albumen
from which the red clot has been carefully separated. From these
two sources, egg and blood, comes all the albumen used in the arts.
Albumen constitutes seven per cent, of the whole mass of the
blood, and is readily prepared from the serum, by simple evapora-
tion, without the addition of any other material. The process is
fully described in a report made to the " Societe Industrielle de
Mulhouse," April 28, 1869, a translation of which is furnished in
the Appendix.

Solid blood albumen, the result of the evaporation, is a dry,
brittle, translucent material, resembling horn, or fragments of
glue. This, when dissolved in water, resumes its primitive con-
sistence.

Blood albumen in this form is imported from France, and cost
at present one dollar and twenty cents, gold, per pound. Our
cloth-printing establishments use it very extensively. It is also
used by sugar-refiners, and if the production should be increased,
it would, for every purpose, take the place of fresh blood. At one
of the largest sugar refineries in this vicinity, the supply of blood
from Brighton has been found to be so uncertain and unsatisfac-
tory (often putrid and offensive*) that the imported dry albumen
has entirely taken its place. In addition to this real " blood albu-

* From this cause the city of Cambridge does not permit the carts carrying blood to
pass through its streets.

men," there is another dry black material imported at a much
cheaper price, which is used also by the sugar-refiners. This is
evidently dried blood, with all the coloring matter retained.

Of these two articles, there passed through the Boston custom-
house, in 1869, ten thousand three hundred and forty-six pounds of
blood albumen, and six thousand two hundred and thirty-four
pounds of dried blood.

The amount brought into the port of New York* we have been
unable to ascertain, but it is probably very much larger.

The calico-printers use, it is estimated, from eight to twelve
thousand pounds of blood albumen per annum, and the consump-
tion for their purposes is rapidly increasing, and promises to con-
tinue. If the article should be manufactured in such close con-
nection with slaughter-houses as to preserve the clearness of color
it would take the place of egg albumen for every purpoie. The
use for refining sugar would be very great, even if the blood were
simply dried, without attempting to separate the clot from the
serum. These are doubtless the chief uses of blood albumen, but
there are many other arts in which it is essential in small amounts.
The market is extensive, the demand is increasing, and the price
is such that the blood of an ox (according to French experi-
ence!) is worth one dollar and five cents, gold, when separated
from its clot and coloring matter, and dried. Even with the fresh
blood allowed to run into vats, as in New York, five thousand dol-
lars divided among thirty thousand cattle gives sixteen two-thirds
cents for each animal, which is five times as much as the Brighton
butchers receive.

So much for the serum of blood. But there is another element
of value in its fibrine, or the portion which coagulates, holding
the reel globules in its meshes.

This is a fertilizer of the most powerful kind. We have the
highest chemical authority for sa}Ting that this when dried is worth
more than Peruvian guano. A company is now preparing it for
this purpose at the Communipaw slaughter-houses near New York,
without separating the serum. It certainly is practicable to make

* Egg albumen and blood albumen are not distinguished on the books of the New
York custom house,
t See Appendix.

both the serum and fibrine available. After the separation of the
serum, on coagulation, the clot might be mixed with dried earth or
clay, or dried peat or gas lime (holding carbolic acid), or some
similar material, and rapidly dried before decomposition could
reach it.

We have endeavored to show that blood, under our present sys-
tem (or rather want of system), is a source of filth, and a source of
waste ; that it has a value much greater than has been generally
supposed, and greater now than ever before ; that the interests
of health and economy combine to make it important to save it
from putrefaction, and to utilize it. But this can only be done to
advantage in large establishments, and by dealing with large
amounts.

To complete the reform in modes of slaughtering in the vicin-
ity of Boston in such a way that nobody shall suffer and every-
body shall gain, there are needed one or more " Abattoirs" con-
taining all the improvements which European experience can fur-
nish, or modern science suggest. They need not be expensive
buildings, although they should occupy a large space. They
should have comfortable stables for protecting and feeding the
animals. As regards the slaughter-house itself, the essential
things seem to be : —

1st. A pavement of stone or of some material impervious to
blood.

2d. An abundant supply of water.
3d. Complete drainage and sewerage.

4th. Vats for the " rendering " of fat and offal on the spot,
before putrefaction can attack them.

5th. The means of converting blood into blood albumen.

If disinfection of " offal scrap" should be necessary at any sea-
son it could be done by means of earth dried in the sun, with per-
haps the mixture of a little fresh lime, thus increasing its value as
a fertilizer.

The sanitary advantages of such a system would be : —

1st. The removal of the present offensive odor, which, as popu-
lation becomes more dense, must affect public health.

2d. The removal of slaughter-house pork from the markets.

3d. The ready inspection of meat, thus insuring the rejection
of that which is unfit for food.

The economical advantages would be : —

1st. Diminished liability of having meat " spoiled " by expo-
sure to the emanations from the putrid pig-pens.

2d. The value of the blood which would be saved and util-
ized.

3d. The savings which must always accompany order, system,
the division of labor, the avoidance of transportation, and the
doing any business on a large scale.

4th. The greatly increased value of land in the vicinity of the
present slaughter-houses.

The preceding considerations, together with the appended docu-
ments throwing additional light on the whole subject, are respect-
fully submitted to the Legislature and to the people of the State,
in the Lope that they will hasten the day, which is sure to come,
when the present offence will be removed.

APPENDIX TO REPORT ON SLAUGHTERING.
Blood Albumen — Its Value and Mode of Production.

[Translation.]

Extracts from a Beport to the Chemical Committee of the " Societe Industri-
elle"of Mulhouse, France, by M. Charles Dollfus-Galline, April 28, 1869.
(Bulletin de la Societe Lulustrielle de Mulhouse, April etMay, 1869.)

The Irish price now demanded for both egg and blood albumen
has induced the chemical committee to examine into the causes of
their enhanced value, in order that some remedy should if possible
be applied, to prevent the disturbance which is threatened from
this cause to the business of cloth printing. It is evident that
the production of blood albumen is not equal to the demand, espe-
cially since the English and American manufacturers have com-
menced making goods of a certain description ("faux teint"),
10 b

which require the use of albumen, and which until recently have
been almost exclusively made in France.

We have thought that the best means to prevent this constant
increase in the price of albumen would be to stimulate in every
possible way the production of blood albumen, since we believe
that in many localities the blood is lost. Up to the present time
Austria and France have furnished their share of the whole amount
required, but Russia, North Germany, and even England, have
not done their part. Your Commission believe that, in this view
of the case, they cannot do a better service than to encourage the
makers of albumen in all countries by explaining the process of
extracting albumen from blood, — a proceeding quite simple when
the details are understood. In the first place we will explain the
principles involved in the separation of albumen from the coloring
matter of blood, and then describe the necessary apparatus and
the manner of using it. Lastly we will enumerate the apparatus
sufficient for the manufacture of forty kilogrammes (88 J- pounds)
of dry blood albumen per day.

Blood is a red, alkaline liquid, which, as ever}? one knows, be-
comes a gelatinous mass by cooling soon after it has flowed from
the arteries and veins. The chief constituents of blood are, water,
fibrine, albumen, and colored globules which, when the blood is
circulating, swim in the fibrine and albumen. As soon as the
blood cools the fibrine coagulates, forming a kind of net-work
which encloses the colored globules in its meshes. The more the
blood cools, the more the net-work contracts, and pretty soon you
see a clear fluid exuding from its meshes. This fluid is serum, and
the object of the manufacturer of albumen is to collect this clear fluid
and dry it.

The following are the means practically employed : When the
animal is knocked down and his throat cut, the blood flows in a
large stream, and should be received in zinc vessels of the follow-
ing dimensions: Diameter 0.38 (14^ inches); depth 0.10 (3T%-
inches). These " receivers" hold about eight litres (1J gals.) of
blood, and two or three must be used to obtain all the blood of an
ox. As soon as the blood is received it should be taken to a
place where the air is as fresh as possible, but only a few yards
distant from the spot where the animal is struck, and here it must
remain until it has coagulated. It is important that the blood

should not be carried far while it is warm, as otherwise the red
globules will mix with the serum and will give it a reddish color.
When the blood has coagulated, which will be in from half an hour
to an hour and a half or even two hours, according to the tempera-
ture of the air, it can then be taken, without risk, a distance of
several hundred yards, but this must be done in the same vessel in
Which it has coagulated.

When the blood has perfectly coagulated, a condition which is
recognized by the gelatinous mass being covered with liquid glob-
ules almost free from color except perhaps a light tint of greenish-
yellow, the clot is to be transferred to another vessel, called the
u sieve." The form of this vessel is similar to the one in which
the blood was originally received. The diameter 0.38
inches), the depth 0.06 (3^ inches), but the bottom is pierced with
little holes 0.004mm (.00015 of an inch) in diameter, with spaces
between them measuring about 0.02£cm (.009 of an inch). The
gelatinous mass is then cut in cubes of 2° m (0.78 of an inch) and
the "sieve" is placed upon a third vessel, which we call the
" syphon." This third vessel is of the same dimensions as the
receiver, and only differs from it in having a hole in its bottom
fitted with a good-sized cork. The cork is traversed by a zinc
tube 0.20° m (7f8j inches) long, which can readily slip up and
down through the cork. The object of this arrangement is to draw
the fluid from the top instead of the bottom of the vessel. When
the " sieve" is placed above the syphon the first drops of serum
which flow are highly colored, but very soon the redness disap-
pears, and the liquid which strains through the holes of the sieve is
nearly clear. In twenty-four hours all the albumen which this
operation can furnish is extracted. The clot which is left is a
dark-red, gelatinous solid. The serum, or solution of albumen,
which flows through the syphon is limpid, slightly tinged with
yellow. The first red drops remain in the lower part of the vessel
undisturbed by the action of the zinc tube.

There are thus obtained two liquids, of which one furnishes, by
drying, albumen almost colorless, the other a darker albumen, but
which may also be used in the printing of the darker shades.
Before removing these liquids to the drying-house they should be
left for twenty-four hours to settle in large vessels of earthen-ware
furnished with a cock 15° m (5T9^ inches) from the bottom. In

this way they become clear, and furnish albumen which is quite
transparent.

Such are the methods employed to produce an almost colorless
albumen from blood. We believe that they are susceptible of
great improvement ; in fact we are far from getting in this way all
the albumen which blood contains. The analysis of M. Nasse
shows us that one thousand kilogrammes of blood contain sixty-
seven kilogrammes of albumen, while by the process we have de-
scribed there are obtained only twenty-five kilogrammes. The
following results are from experiments made upon several hundred
cattle. An ox or cow furnishes an average of eighteen litres
(3T9F gallons) of blood, yielding four litres (y8^ of a gallon) of
serum. Ten litres (2T2Tr gallons) of serum are required to make a
kilogramme (2T2^ pounds) of dry albumen. The blood of 2£ beeves
is therefore necessary to make one kilogramme of albumen. The
blood albumen of commerce comes from cattle. We do not think
that as yet the blood of sheep or of calves has been used for this
purpose. The albumen of these animals has all the qualities of
that from beeves. The albumen from sheep's blood is even prefer-
able, since it thickens more.

The blood of ten sheep or of seventeen calves is necessary to
furnish one kilogramme of dry albumen.

The serum from the blood of sheep is as rich in albumen as the
blood of beeves ; ten kilogrammes of this serum furnish by drying
one kilogramme of albumen. Calves do not give as much ; ten
kilogrammes of their blood make 0.82 of a kilogramme of albumen.

We have reason to believe that the blood of pigs would give
excellent results. In France their blood is too valuable to be used
for extracting albumen ; but in the United States, where pigs are
killed in enormous numbers, their blood could be used for this pur-
pose to advantage.

To make forty kilogrammes of dry albumen per day (requiring
the slaughter of one hundred beeves) there are required one hun-
dred and fifty "receivers," three hundred " sieves," three hundred
" syphons," eight large earthen-ware vases, and one thousand one
hundred plates, in which to dry the serum. These plates must
not be too large. Those referred to are 0m.300 (llyu- inches) by
0m.250 (9^ inches) and 0<m.03 (1TV inches) in depth.

The following extracts from the journal of a member of the
Board, written during a tour in Europe in 1867, are presented as
furnishing a description of the most recent slaughtering establish-
ments in France : —

"Paris, Sept. 21, 1867. — We determined to visit the Abattoir
of Paris recently erected in imperial grandeur by order of Napoleon
III. Never was a great idea carried out more thoroughly and on
perfectly scientific, humane, and hygienic rul ^s. Itcover^ a space
of about one hundred and fifty acres just outside of old Paris, but
within the modern limits, which, like those of London, now include
many smaller towns that had grown up around the ancient Lutetia.
It is at La Vilette. There all the flesh meat eaten in Paris is
slaughtered and prepared for the market. One hundred and fifty
master-butchers and nine hundred apprentices are at work most of
the time. The slaughter-houses, some thirty in number, are made
of brick, with stone floors, and each is arranged with neat stables
immediately adjacent, where the animals can be kept and fed.
The houses are long and two stories in height, arranged with
streets, straight, broad, and clean, between them, like those of a
small model village. All the surroundings, as well as the interi-
ors of the buildings, are kept scrupulously neat, and all refuse
matter is immediately carried off fifteen or twenty leagues from
the city by means of a canal which runs through the entire terri-
tory. In this way and by great care, the place, instead of throw-
ing out an offensive odor, as the establishments at Brighton, for
example, are perfectly pure.

" A visitor could be in attendance all clay without having his
nostrils once offended, as they are always at Brighton.

"Each master-butcher can bring his animals, and on being
inspected and found healthy, they can be slaughtered by him on
payment of certain charges. Inspection is made before killing,
and again before the meat is carried off to market. About two
thousand five hundred oxen, two thousand five hundred calves, and
thirty thousand sheep are slaughtered every week.

"The administration consists of: first, custom-house officers for
the entry of the animals ; second, police to take care of the
animals ; and, third, employers to take care of the whole establish-

ment. Besides these there are inspectors, whose duty is to exam-
ine animals before and after killing.

" The establishment was opened Januar}-, 18G7. Everything
offensive is used up in a scientific way, so that everything valuable
is saved, and nothing taints the air.

" An excellent oil for machinery is extracted from the feet of
the sheep. The fresh blood is converted into a dry and inoffensive
form of 4 albumen,' used for refining sugar, and for other purposes
in the arts.

" On the side of the canal opposite to that on which stands this
village (so to speak) of slaughter-houses, appears a magnificent
and lofty ' crystal palace ' of iron and glass, intended for the keep-
ing of large herds of cattle when first brought to be sold to the
master-butchers. It is of matchless beauty, because so lofty and
airy-looking, and yet is admirably fitted for keeping securely in a
healthy state large droves of animals.

" I think meat of animals thus kept must be more likely to be
healthy than it would be after long exposure to heat or cold, and
after being half trampled to death in consequence of close crowd-
ing, as in our cars from the West, and finally after being tumbled
out into miserable open pens, as at Brighton.

" The mode of slaughtering, too, is much less brutal than with
us. The animals are quietly led in blindfolded, and are not aware
of any trouble impending until the fatal blow is struck."

REGISTRY OF BIRTHS.

WHOLE NUMBER REGISTERED 170.

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Place of Birth of
Mother.

Ireland

Corinth, Me.
Ireland
Newton
Limerick, Me.

Ireland

Brighton
Boston
England
Ireland

Brighton
tt

Ireland
tt

Brighton
Ireland

tt \

Boston
Brighton
Laconia, N. H.

Place of Birth of
Father.

Ireland
tt

Braintree

Ireland

Brighton

Watertown

Ireland

Bangor, Me.

Ireland

Brighton

Nova Scotia

Ireland

Waterville, Me.
Woodstock, Vt.
Ireland

Nova Scotia
Ireland
Germany
Ireland

Williamsb'g, Va.

Ireland

Boston
tt

Franklin

Occupation of
Father.

Machinist

Butcher

Marketer

Chandler

Couns'l'r-at-law

Prov. Dealer

Blacksmith

Laborer

Butcher

Cattle Dealer

Farmer

Carpenter

Farmer

Sashmaker

Prov. Dealer

Laborer

Hostler

Carpenter

Laborer

Overseer

Harnessmaker

Carpenter

Baggagemast'r

Horsedealer

Banker

Hairdresser

Residence of
Parents.

Brighton

Names of Parents, and Maiden
Name of Mother.

William H. & Mary (Carroll)
Patrick & Annie (Holohan)
Wm. P. & Eunice G. (Baker)
Samuel & Bridget (Keenan)
Wm. W. & Mary L. (Adams)
HenryB.&JunietteA.(Durgin)

Thos. & Elizabeth (Delaney)
Patrick & Honora (Murphy)
John & Winifred (Farrell)
Jas. & Anna M. (McDermott)
Theodore & Emeline A. (Jones)
Hiram & Jane (Boyce)
Thomas & Kate (Mulry)
Hiram W. & Mary E. (Smart)
Benj. S. & Kate C. (Dana)
Patrick & Catherine (Roach)
Patrick & Bridget (Roach)
George M. & Ellen (Ring)
William & Mary (Callahan)
Simon & Elizabeth (Hughes)
Patrick & Julia (Sweeny)
William T. & Delia Mahar)
Thos. & Margaret (Doherty)
Wm. J. & Nellie (Kennedy)
Edw. M. & Louisa M.(Willard)
Alexander G. & Clara E.
. (Wentworth)

Place of
Birth.

Sex and
condition
(as twin, il-
legitimate,
etc).

Female, w.
<( tt
tt tt

Male, u

Female, '*

tt tt

Male, "
tt tt

tt tt

Female, "
tt tt

Male, "
tt tt

Female, "
Male, "
ft tt
tt tt
tt tt
Female, "

Male, "

Female, "
Male, "

Name of the Child, if any,
and Color (other than
White).

Mary Agnes Burke
Florence Donahue
Florence Estelle Hollis
John Edward Mackin
Lyman Otis Warren
Henrietta Frances Good-
enough
Mary Devoy
John Burke
John Golden
Patrick James Stone
Marion Hubbard Munroe
Ella Gertrude Lynch
Thomas Concaugh
Richard Frederick Bates
Mattie L. Dana
James Dewan
Edward Joseph Kenney
William Edward Harney
John Egan

Carrie Elizabeth Williams
Julia Colety
James Edward Booker
William Henry Muldoon
Chas. Matthew McKenney
Irene Louise Simmons
Brock Wentworth Pond

Date of
Birth.

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REGISTRY OF MARRIAGES.

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13b

REPORT

Of the Committee on the Town's Testimonial to their
Retiring Treasurer, Henry Heath Larnard.

Mr. Larnard, now in his eighty-second year, having been
annually re-elected Treasurer of the Town of Brighton for thirty-
three consecutive years, declined a renomination, last year. The
action of the town thereon is expressed in the following communi-
cation from the Clerk : —

Brighton, March 8, 1869.

At a legal meeting of the inhabitants of the town of Brighton
qualified to vote in town affairs held this day, it was

Resolved, That a committee of three be chosen to procure a
suitable testimonial, and present the same to Mr. Larnard in
acknowledgment of his valuable services.

Resolved, That an appropriation of two hundred dollars be
made for procuring the testimonial mentioned in the foregoing
resolve.

Voted, That Messrs. Charles Henry B. Breck, Henry Baldwin,
and Rev. Frederic A. Whitney be a committee to procure a
testimonial for Mr. Larnard.

The foregoing is a true copy from the town records of the town
of Brighton.

Attest :

W. F. WARREN, Town Clerk.

The Committee above-named, in fulfilment of their trust, pro-
cured a large and elegant Silver Water-Pitcher and Salver,
executed in the best style of the art, at the establishment of
Messrs. Crosby, Morse & Foss, Boston. Under date of the
town-meeting when action was first taken, the pitcher bears the
following inscription : —

Presented to
Henry Heath Larnard
by the Town of Brighton,
in grateful acknowledgment
of his faithful services, as,

with unanimous voice,
Keeper of their Treasury,
for thirty-three years.
March 8, 1869.

" Whosoever drinketh of the water that
I shall give him, shall never thirst."

The correspondence between the Committee and Mr. Larnard
on the presentation of the gift in J une last, is here given : —

Henry Heath Larnard : —

Dear Sir, — The undersigned Committee take pleasure in
communicating to you the following Resolutions, adopted by your
fellow-citizens at their late annual town meeting.

Resolved, That a committee of three be chosen to procure a
suitable testimonial, and present the same to Mr. Larnard in
acknowledgment of his valuable services.

Resolved, That an appropriation of two hundred dollars be
made for procuring the testimonial mentioned in the foregoing
resolve.

Voted, That Messrs. Charles Henry B. Breck, Henry Baldwin,
and Rev. Frederic A. Whitney be a committee to procure a testi-
monial for Mr. Larnard.

Be pleased, sir, to accept, through our hands, in obedience to
the above instructions, the accompanying Silver Water-Pitcher

100

and Salver, the gift of your fellow-citizens. The testimonial, we
are sure, expresses all too inadequately, their high appreciation
of your valuable services. Through thirty-three years, the ordi-
nary lifetime of one generation, they have unanimously intrusted
to your hands the care and management of their public treasury.
Through all this period they have asked no sureties; and the
result has proved how well-placed was their confidence in the
integrity of their faithful servant. The people of your native
town, which was, moreover, the home and burial-place of your
immediate ancestors, acknowledge gladly their obligations to one
whose birth preceded the inauguration of Washington, and whose
Christian life already so kindly lengthened to fourscore years
and ty?£, has been all spent in their midst, and fruitful in be-
neficent service.

With sincere wishes for your continued health and happiness in
the evening of your honored life, we subscribe ourselves with
warm regards,

Your friends and townsmen,

CHARLES HENRY B. BRECK,
HENRY BALDWIN,
FREDERIC A. WHITNEY.

Brighton, June 1, 1869.

Brighton, June 15th, 1869.

To Messrs. Charles Henry B. Breck, Henry Baldwin, Fred-
eric A. Whitney, Committee : —

Gentlemen, — Your communication, in which you convey to me
resolutions passed at town meeting, in Brighton, held March 8th,
1869, and also the beautiful testimonial accompanying the com-
munication, were duly received.

Language would fail me should I attempt to convey to my fel-
low-citizens the feelings of gratitude which fill my heart in thus
being the recipient of such proofs of their regard for one who, in
looking back upon the past, can only feel that he has endeavored,
at all times, faithfully to serve the interests of his native town in
attending to the duties of treasurer during the long period of
thirty-three years.

101

With heartfelt thanks to the citizens of Brighton for their great
kindness to me in the past, and now for this beautiful gift, which I
shall ever hold dear, and which will be deeply prized by others
after 1 have been called to join kindred, friends, and fellow-towns-
men who have passed on to the great heavenly circle above, —
with gratitude to Almighty God for the great degree of prosperity
with which he has always favored our town, and with the earnest
prayer that its future may be as prosperous as has been its past,

I remain very truly yours,

H. H. LARNARD,

SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT

TRUSTEES

OF THE

HOLTON LIBRARY,

BRIGHTON,

FEBRUARY 1, 1 8 7 0.

BOSTON :

ROCKWELL & CHURCHILL, PRINTERS,

122 WASHINGTON STREET.
1870.

TOWN OF BRIGHTON.

Holton Library, Feb. 1, 1870.

To the Auditors :

Gentlemen: — I have the honor to transmit to you, here-
with, the Sixth Annual Keport of the Trustees of the Holton
Library, prepared in obedience to the Ordinance adopted by
the Town, April 8, 1864.

Yours respectfully,

B. S. FISKE,

Secretary of the Board of Trustees.

T It US TEES

Of the Library from its Commencement.

BALDWIN, LIFE 1864

BENYON, ABNER INGALLS 1866-68

BICKFORD, WEARE BOW 1864

BRECK, CHARLES HENRY BASS 1867

CUSHMAN, JOHN PAINE 1864-66

FISKE, BELA STODDARD 1865

FULLER, GRANVILLE 1864

HUTCHINSON, CHARLES CARROLL 1864-65

JACKSON, NATHANIEL 1864-69

MATCHETT, THEODORE 1864-67

MATCHETT, WILLIAM FREDERIC 1867

PACKARD, DAVID TURNER 1869

POND, JOSEPH ADAMS 1864-67

RICE, EDMUND 1865

RUGGLES, JOHN . 1864-65

WARREN, WEBSTER FRANKLIN 1869

WARREN, WILLIAM WIRT 1864

WHITNEY, FREDERIC AUGUSTUS 1864

WINSHIP, JOHN PERKINS CUSHING 1864

ooSKoc

OFFICERS

Of the Library from its Commencement.

PRESIDENTS.

JOHN RUGGLES, April 18, 1864 — October 9, 1865.

FREDERIC AUGUSTUS WHITNEY, November 13, 1865 —

SECRETARIES.

JOHN PERKINS CUSHING WINSHIP, April 18, 1864 — March 13, 1865.

BELA STODDARD FISKE, March 13, 1865 —

TREASURER.

LIFE BALDWIN, May 23, 1864 —

LIBRARIANS.

JOHN PERKINS CUSHING WINSHIP, June 13, 1864 — July 9, 1866.

WEBSTER FRANKLIN WARREN, July 9, 1866 —

SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

TRUSTEES OF THE HOLTON LIBRARY.

In obedience to the Ordinance respecting the Holton Library,
adopted by the Town of Brighton, April 8, 1864, the
Trustees have the honor to submit their Sixth Annual

EEPOET.

They are not called to report on a subject foreign to the
thoughts and interests of their fellow-citizens. The privileges
of the Public Library have become with these successive
years so generally known and shared in the homes of the
people ; the institution is so peculiarly their own ; — an
institution, to use the words of the lamented Lincoln, in a
different application, " of the people, by the people, for the
people," — that their report to us, not ours to them, might
seem more fit.

I. THE PEOPLE'S REPORT.

The people do report. And if ever in any tone of fault-
finding, it cannot be, we are sure, with the beneficent
institution itself, but rather with their servants' faulty
administration of this grand trust. The people do report
their very great satisfaction that they possess a Public
Library. They do report, and to some fresh page of their

report we open weekly, that it is well, a blessing among the
greatest, that so many books for entertainment and instruc-
tion are presented them without money and without price.
They do report satisfaction that books of their own choice,
which the Library Committee may perchance have overlooked,
they can still have placed on the shelves for the asking.
They have reported, and not unfavorably, certainly, with
another year, in the calls they have made in these twelve
months, for the delivery of more than fifteen thousand
volumes, to be taken to their homes ; for so say the Librarian's
returns.

II. ADMINISTRATION OF THE PAST YEAR.

But certain items of information touching the Library, the
citizens rightly expect shall be, each year, laid before them,
and such deficiencies and wants stated, as they can remedy
and supply, and thereby increase the usefulness of the
institution. At the annual town meeting, in March, 1869,
four of the Trustees, one class, Messrs. Whitney, Bickford,
Warren (Webster Franklin), and Jackson, whose term of
office then expired, were re-elected for three years. At the
approaching town meeting, March, 1870, the term of office of
Messrs. Eice, Baldwin, Matchett, and Fiske will expire, and
the town will be called to elect. At the monthly meeting
of the Board of Trustees, held April 12th, Mr. Jackson, who
had served since the establishment^ ^Jbe Library, tendered
his resignation ; and Rev. David Turrfor Packard was chosen
in his place. The officers of the previous year, President,
Secretary, Treasurer, and Librarian, were re-elected for the
service of 1869-70. The two assistants of the Librarian,
Frederic Augustus Pierce and Hiram Norton Cushman,
who had been employed two years, while advanced scholars
in the High School, were retained until June last. Subse-
quently, Henry Warren, son of Noah Warren Sanborn, of
this town ; George Hartwell, son of the late Samuel Hartwell

Moore, of Worcester, and Herbert Langdon, son of the late
Joseph Langdon Waterman, of this town, were engaged, of
whom the latter two are still in service.

III. FINANCES.

By the Sixth Annual Eeport of the Treasurer, Mr. Bald-
win, which accompanies this Report, it will be seen that a
portion of the principal of the liberal bequest of Mr. Holton,
the founder, has been expended during the past year. This
is understood to be in conformity with the legal requisitions
of his legacy. The town, as usual, made an appropriation
towards the support of the Library, at their last annual
meeting. It will appear that more has been expended for
books than in most previous years. The expenses of the
Library, it will be remembered, are drawn from two treas-
uries. The Treasurer of the Board of Trustees meets all
demands for books, paper, and sundries for the Library,
when regularly vouched by the President and Secretary ;
while the salary of the Librarian, including the pay of the
assistants, the charges for repairs on the building, for gas
and coal, are drawn from the town treasury. On these
conditions, the town accepted the original legacy.

iv. librarian's report.

The Librarian, being now a member of the Board of
Trustees, presents in his Report only the statistics per-
taining to the Library. Such suggestions as have, hitherto,
been expected in that document, are now presented at the
monthly meetings. It will be seen that he records as the
number of volumes belonging to the Library, on the first day
of February, 1870, five thousand eight hundred and thirty-
eight. Of pamphlets, there are one thousand six hundred
and seventy-seven. In this last enumeration are comprised
periodicals, reviews, and magazines, both such as from time

to time are donated, and such as are received by subscription
for the tables of the Reading Room. These latter, of course,
at the close of each year, when sets are completed, are bound
and are placed upon the shelves. Fifty-six volumes, and one
hundred and sixteen pamphlets, the Librarian reports
presented during the past year.

V. DONATIONS.

Donations in books and pamphlets, both from our own
citizens and from abroad, have been continued as in past
years. While we should have been glad to record on the list
of donors, names of more of the inhabitants of the town, we
are thankful for such as have thereby manifested interest in
the institution. This kind of interest, it must be remembered,
is, by no means, to be undervalued in comparison with the
pecuniary estimate of the donations. A free Public Library,
with but moderate pecuniary foundation, will more truly
prosper in this encouraging favor of its patrons than the
most amply endowed Library without it. We cannot but
look with pride on the donations of books, — from single
volumes to scores, from individuals of no wealth to million-
naires, — which flow each year into the Public Library of our
good old metropolis. Larger has the stream been last year
than ever before. The Annual Report of the Trustees, lately
issued, has twelve closely printed pages of names of donors,
six hundred and forty-nine in all, and states that of the
entire increase of volumes last year, eight thousand six hun-
dred and eighty-five, nearly one-quarter were given ; and of
the pamphlets, about fourteen thousand, nearly four-fifths
were given.

The Hon. Secretary of the United States Treasury, Mr.
Boutwell, our late Representative in Congress, has furnished
some thirty Public Documents, thereby keeping sets com-
plete, and adding much of permanent value to a Public
Library. * This liberality Mr. Boutwell has not omitted for a
single year since the Library was founded. To the Rev.

Caleb Davis Bradlee of Boston, a frequent contributor
before^ we are indebted, with the past year, for a complete
set of the Historical Magazine, — a recent publication, in nine
volumes, quarto, very handsomely bound, the pecuniary
value of which the Librarian estimates at some twenty-five or
thirty dollars. This work embracing much information, with
the valuable fruits of historical research, is distinct from the
New England Historical and Genealogical Eegister, a very
important quarterly publication, which we also possess, now
entering upon its twenty-fourth volume. The School
Committee of Boston have presented, through their Sec-
retary, Mr. Barnard Capen, twelve volumes, bound, of their
School Reports, towards completing our series. As our
town will, beyond doubt, be very soon annexed to Boston, it
is especially desirable that works of this class should be on
the shelves of the Library, which will thus become a branch
of the Public Library of the city.

To Mr. Joseph Lovd Bates, of Boston, Secretary of the
Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, we are also
indebted for a complete set of the publications of that
association, extending over a period of thirty-three years,
from 1837, the date of its organization, to the present year.
A complete account of each of the grand exhibitions of the
Mechanic Association's Fairs, held at stated intervals, in
Fanueil and Quincy Halls, Boston, is furnished, with the
Report of the Board of Managers, the Eeport of the Judges,
the prizes, medals, premiums awarded, together with the
names of persons exhibiting articles, among whom several
from our own town are recorded. This series of publications
embraces likewise the Occasional Address delivered by some
distinguished man, in each year of the grand exhibition.
The first of these, as may be remembered, was the admirable
discourse pronounced by Hon. Edward Everett, then
Governor of the Commonwealth, on "The Importance of the
Mechanic Arts." Others in the series, most instructive and
entertaining, are from Hon. James T. Austin ; Hon. Stephen
2bl

Fairbanks ; Hon. George Lunt ; Mr. Skinner, of Philadelphia,
a Eepresentative of the Editorial Staff, on " The Interests
of American Labor;" by Mr. George Russell, on "The
Achievements of American Mind and American Labor ;" by
Rev. Frederic D. Huntington, D.D., on "The Hands, Brain,
Pleart," which was afterwards repeated in the regular
winter course of lectures, in our Town Hall, 1856 ; by
Hon. Emory Washburn, Law Professor, in Harvard Uni-
versity, on " The Relation of the Mechanic Arts to the Social
and Political Condition of the World ; " by Hon. Alexander
H. Bullock, Governor, on "The Mechanic Arts favorable to
Liberty and Social Progress." The perusal of these all is
most highly commended now, especially, for incitement and
encouragement, to such as are engaged in the Mechanic
Arts.

Mr. Life Baldwin of this town, while member of the
House of Representatives in the last Legislature, has kindly
supplied us with State documents. Mr. Richard Cranch
Greenleaf of Boston, one of the Board of Directors of the
Home for Aged Men, has presented his last Annual Report,
with a complete set of the reports of that beneficent institu-
tion since its establishment ; and also three volumes, — an
approved modern Treatise on the "Principles of Zoology,"
by Professor Agassiz and A. A. Gould ; " History, Theory,
and Practice of the Electric Telegraph," by George B. Pres-
cott; "Biographical Guide to the Literature on Sciences,"
by L. M. Schmidt ; together with some twenty-five pamphlets
of interest. Mrs. Dwight Boyden Hooper of this town
has given eleven volumes. The names of all donors of books
will be found enumerated in the Librarian's Report, to each
of whom he has returned the Trustees' acknowledgment of
thanks in the customary printed form.

VI. A SPECIAL DONATION.

A valuable donation, entitled to special notice, has been
recently made to the Library by Mrs. Matchett, of this town,
of three hundred dollars, for the purchase of a clock. At the
meeting of the Trustees in December last, Rev. Messrs.
Packard and Whitney were appointed to prepare resolutions
in acknowledgment of the gift. At the next regular meet-
ing, January 10, 1870, the following Preamble and Resolu-
tions were reported and unanimously adopted, and are here
transcribed from the records : —

"Whereas, the Trustees of the Holton Library, at their
regular meeting on the evening of December 13, 1869, were
informed by their President, that Mrs. William Frederic
Matchett, now passing the winter at the South for the benefit
of her health, had, through him, presented to the Institution
three hundred dollars, for the purchase of a clock for the
inner Hall of the Library, therefore,

"Resolved, That the Trustees gratefully accept the gener-
ous gift, with pride that this largest donation since the
original legacy of the founder has come to them from a
native-born daughter of the town, whose father's name is, by
a late liberal bequest, already associated with one of our
finest school edifices.

" Resolved, That the thanks of the Trustees be returned
to Mrs. Matchett for her handsome benefaction ; and that
they hereby pledge themselves to preserve with care, and to
transmit to their successors, this valuable and beautiful ap-
pendage to the Library.

" Resolved , That the Trustees, in conveying to Mrs. Match-
ett their grateful sense of her favor, take occasion to
express their warmest wishes for the complete establishment
of her health, and for her return in safety to her northern
home.

" Resolved, That these Resolutions be entered on our
Records, and that the Secretary transmit a copy of the same
to Mrs. Matchett."

VII. GENEROSITY IN THE INTEREST OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES.

The last few years have been distinguished, in our own
country certainly, by remarkable liberality on the part of
individuals and communities in favor of public libraries.
The Trustees, in their last Report, made mention of the
recent benefactions of private citizens, and of the large
appropriations of towns in this great interest. The unpre-
cedented gifts of Mr. George Peabody ; the bequest of Mr.
Heard of Ipswich, of fifty thousand dollars ; of Mr. Ed-
munds of Newton, of fifteen thousand ; of Mr. Pratt of
Lynn, of ten thousand, and the gifts of other generous men
in Newton and in Watertown, and of the large town appro-
priation of Brookline, all in aid of library buildings and
books, were detailed. And now, to this former encourag-
ing intelligence, we cannot forbear adding some instances of
similar generosity that have marked the year 1869. In the
town of Washington, New Hampshire, a lady, Miss Sarah
Shed, has, by a bequest, of which we are not informed,
founded a Public Library. In Hingham, Massachusetts, one
of her most liberal-hearted sons, Hon. Albert Fearing, whose
name has become almost synonymous with noble-giving, so
frequently has he thus befriended deserving causes and good
institutions, has himself both furnished a building and en-
dowed a library. The anniversary of national independence
was, last summer, made doubly inspiring to the patriotic
citizens of that ancient town by the dedicatory exercises of
their Public Library. A very handsome wooden edifice, for-
ty-five feet by twenty-eight, of peculiar and striking archi-
tecture, of two stories in height of twelve and fifteen feet,
surmounted by a French roof, with all needed and spacious
apartments, designed by Mr. Nathaniel J. Bradlee, was, by

deed of conveyance from Mr. Fearing, presented to the town,
on that anniversary, in an appropriate speech by thedo nor, to
which a fitting reply was made by the President of the Trus-
tees, Hon. Solomon Lincoln. Kev. Calvin Lincoln, of the
First Church, offered the Prayer of Dedication, and Hon.
Thomas Eussell of Boston delivered an eloquent oration.
The items of expenditure, as we are informed, were, for land,
one thousand five hundred and fifty dollars ; for the building,
twelve thousand dollars ; for furniture, insurance, etc., one
thousand four hundred and fifty dollars, making fifteen thou-
sand dollars, to which was added an endowment-fund of five
thousand dollars, — in all, twenty thousand dollars thus nobly
appropriated by Mr. Fearing.

And yet another instance from the Empire State waits to be
noticed, — the munificent donation just made, of Mr. James
Lenox of New York City, for a free Public Library there.
He conveys land to the Trustees of the Lenox Library, as a
free gift to the city, between Seventy-second and Seventy-
sixth Streets, opposite the Park, as a site for the edifice, and
gives three hundred thousand dollars, or "any larger sum
that may be needed to erect it." He covenants, moreover
(we use the language of official documents), to transfer to
the Trustees his entire collection of Statuary, Paintings, and
Books, as a beginning for the library, and promises that no
further sums of money shall be withheld that may be de-
manded to make this the finest Public Library in the country.

And this all is the benevolent work of one large-hearted
man in the widest interest of humanity. This much he does
in his lifetime, that books may be supplied to the public ;
that the poor as well as the rich may read ; that all who will
may inform themselves, without cost, in the current literature
of their own time, and as they seek it, of all past ages.
Would that the winds of heaven might waft the record of
these generous deeds far and wide over the habitable
globe !

VIII. INCREASE OF LIBRARIES.

As a natural result of this growing liberality towards
Public Libraries, these beneficent institutions are rapidly
increasing both in our own country and abroad. The last
Report of the Superintendent of the Boston Public Library,
Mr. Justin Winsor, appended to the Trustees' Report, espe-
cially confirms this. In Mr. Winsor's Report, which is really
a marvel of careful labor and patient investigation, are given
numerous tables, in which is most diligently arranged statis-
tical information from the libraries of Massachusetts ; secondly,
other tables embracing similar information from libraries in
the United States (Massachusetts excepted), and in British
America : thirdly, tables with the statistics of libraries in
England and Continental Europe. Our fellow-citizens, we
are sure, will be pleased to learn, in connection with their
own Library, something of the condition of similar institu-
tions at home and abroad ; and will be as ready as we to
express their thanks to him who, with no little labor, has
gathered so much information not otherwise accessible.

IX. LIBRARIES IN MASSACHUSETTS.

In these tables relating to Massachusetts, eighty-eight
libraries are enumerated, — all that have made returns to Mr.
Winsor at Boston, but not quite all in the State. In these
are included the libraries of Colleges and Theological Insti-
tutions and various Associations, but nearly all are public
town or city libraries. Private libraries of individuals are
not included. Printed circulars were sent by the Superin-
tendent to these libraries. They embraced thirty questions,
such as these : When established? Income, and from what
sources ? Number of volumes and pamphlets ? Average
yearly increase for three years past? What proportion in
fiction, and what in use of the same? Number of persons

using the Library? Pecuniary guaranties, or vouchers re-
quired from borrowers? Books lost? Worn out? Dona-
tions? Have you printed catalogues? Reading Room for
periodicals? Printed Reports? How many employed in
Library ? Books covered ? Sell duplicates ? How often do
you buy particular books asked for by your frequenters?
Library opened evenings? When closed for examination?
Ages of your frequenters ? System of charging and deliver-
ing books? How freely do you buy duplicates of popular
works? etc., etc.

It is interesting to run the eye over the replies to these
questions, so conveniently are they arranged in the tables
above referred to. The admirable Report of Mr. Winsor
may be found in our Library, with the entire series of reports
from the Boston Library since its founding, in 1852. Of all
the libraries named in Massachusetts, that returning the
smallest number of volumes is at Rutland, lately opened, —
three hundred and thirty-one books. The largest named in
the tables is the Boston Public Library, — one hundred and
fifty-three thousand. But this must properly be taken with
one exception. The single exception is that of Harvard
University. It is not uncommon in speaking of this, to
enumerate only the library of the college proper, — that
contained in Gore Hall, the Library edifice, and used by
all undergraduates. But Harvard University has eight libra-
ries kept in her other buildings, besides this portion in Gore
Hall. The libraries of her Theological, Law, and Medical
Colleges ; the society libraries within the walls of the
buildings which, not being private property, but, in part, the
inheritance of past ages of the college, cannot be removed;
the libraries of her Scientific School, her Observatory,
her Botanical Garden, her Museum of Comparative Zoolo-
gy, — all these collections of books are as truly parts of the
University Library as that portion kept in Gore Hall. Thus
they stand on the lately published annual catalogue of the
University, as given in round numbers, up to July, 1869.

Library in Gore Hall,

Society Libraries of the University,

Library in Divinity College,

121 000

" « Medical "

" " Law "

" Museum of Comparative Zoology,

6 ' Observatory (the Phillips),

66 Botanical Garden,

" Lawrence Scientific School,

16 000
16 000

2 000
15 000

5 000

3 000
3 000
3 000

184 000

The Library of Harvard University, thus enumerated, was
accordingly the largest, not in Massachusetts, or the United
States alone, but on the Western Continent, in July last.

During our late civil contest, with what interest we scanned
the returns of army and military equipments, hospital stores,
clothing and bandages furnished, and waiting in our small
villages, our towns and cities, the hours of dreadful need !
If, as Milton wrote so truly in his sonnet to Cromwell, —

shall we not, now that the din of battle has ceased, with a
more tranquil and gladder satisfaction, contemplate the in-
tellectual, moral, religious stores that are thus accumulating
in all our towns, the preparations that are every year made
therein, in commodious and well-ordered edifices and libra-
ries, for the nobler victories of knowledge over ignorance for
the most generous culture of the mind and heart.

The returns from Massachusetts libraries, in alphabetical
order, arranged in distinct columns in tabular form, cover
ten pages, octavo, of Mr. Winsor's Report. They relate to
the year 1869, and of course may not quite agree with the
condition of the same libraries to-day. Our own Library

Peace hath her victories

No less renowned than war,"

has been increased in books, and pamphlets in the binders
hands, by nearly nine hundred volumes, since the returns in
the tables were made. But, taking the numbers there given,
and leaving out collegiate and city libraries, the number of
volumes in our own Library was exceeded by only four in
the Commonwealth ; that of the Peabody Institute at Pea-
body, founded ten years before ours, and amply endowed by
Mr. George Peabody ; that of Brookline, seven years
before ; that of Fitchburg, five years, and that of Concord,
thirteen years before. These tables afford easy opportunity
for comparison in various other respects.

X. LIBRARIES IN THE UNITED STATES.

But not in the libraries of Massachusetts alone are we in-
structed, but ten pages more are filled with similar returns
from the United States (Massachusetts excepted), and from
British America. Seventy-five libraries are here reported in
alphabetical order, of which the smallest consists of four hun-
dred and eighty-two volumes, — the Wells Library, at Lee,
Ohio, lately established ; and the largest, the Washington
Library of Congress, of one hundred and seventy-five thou-
sand. The Astor and the Mercantile Libraries of New York
city return one hundred and thirty-eight thousand, and one
hundred and five thousand ; the State Library at Albany,
seventy-six thousand; Yale College, fifty thousand; the
State Library at Harrisburg, Pa., thirty-nine thousand;
Brown University, thirty-eight thousand ; the Peabody In-
stitute at Baltimore, thirty-five thousand. In British Amer-
ica, from among the six libraries making returns, the Parlia-
ment Library at Ottawa gives sixty thousand ; and the Mel-
bourne Public Library at Victoria, Australia, forty-seven
thousand. And so by thousands, more or less, are all these
beneficent collections, in our own land and near our borders,
counted, — many of them freely thrown open, and all,
more or less accessible to the public.
3bl

XI. LIBRARIES IN ENGLAND AND CONTINENTAL EUROPE.

And from England and Continental Europe have come
statistical returns to the Superintendent at Boston. Indeed,
so full and faithful a collection of the statistics of so many
libraries of the world as he has given us has not before
been made. The two largest free town-libraries returned
from England are at Liverpool and at London, about eighty-
seven thousand volumes each. No returns are given of the
British Museum. We know it is unequalled in the world
for its literary treasures and valuable relics of the past. The
number of its volumes must be now nearly a million. The
Royal City Library of Munich, founded before the year 1600,
returns eight hundred thousand volumes. The Royal Libra-
ry of Berlin, date 1662, seven hundred thousand. The
recent Royal and University Library of Breslau, capital of Si-
lesia, in Prussia, founded 1811-15, three hundred and sixty
thousand. The Royal Library at Dresden, founded 1556,
and the City Library, Hamburg, founded 1735, three hun-
dred thousand each. The University Library, Upsala, Swe-
den, founded 1621, two hundred thousand. The information
thus transmitted from these various sources will be found
most valuable for comparison, and for the arrangement and
management of our free Public Libraries. No less encourag-
ing, moreover, is the wide view thus presented to all lovers
of liberal culture and general dissemination of knowl-
edge.

XI. EXAMINATION AND LOSSES.

The returns from all these libraries present no more con-
venient season for the annual examination of small libraries,
than the month of August, which we have chosen. The
Boston Public Library, indeed, has just adopted a new plan
in this respect, and the last examination of the books has
been made in sections, so that the library has not, at any sea-

son, been entirely closed to the public. It is said that this
method has now, for the first time among all large libraries,
been tried at Boston, and is much approved. Our patrons
can best be deprived of the books in the debilitating heat of
summer, and while so many are absent from their homes.
Our ratio of losses is very small, either regarded absolutely,
or relatively, as we compare the losses in other libraries in
our own country and elsewhere.

XII. FIXES.

The Treasurer's Eeport shows something added each year
to the income from fines. The fine-system of course belongs
to every public library that would retain its own existence.
We do not wish, particularly, by means of fines, to add to
the resources of the Library ; but, obviously, delinquency in
the return of books, must, like every other privilege, be paid
for. By Article 5, Chapter EL, of our printed Rules and
Regulations, no book shall be kept out more than fourteen
days, under penalty of five cents for each half week of such
detention. One hundred and forty cards we are told were
retained last year, at the Boston Public Library, for non-pay-
ment of fines, of which cards about half were subsequently
settled for and returned. "With the exception of new books
in special demand, a volume, it must be remembered, may
be renewed to the same borrower, and so the accident of
fine be avoided.

Xin. DUPLICATES.

We have, perhaps, erred in not purchasing more dupli-
cates the past year. Of some most popular works copies
have been multiplied, but not of many. Managers of Public
Libraries everywhere find this question of duplicates a vexed
one. In Circulating Libraries it is easily solved. There,
the rage for a popular work is at once and wisely improved

as a means of enriching the treasury. Not a moment is lost,
while the fever is at its height, for multiplying copies. The
more copies, the more money in return ; and when the fever
is allayed, the extra copies are sold at auction. But free
Public Libraries, without pecuniary returns for loans, must
feel more carefully the public pulse, — must consider more
diligently how high will rise this tide of popular favor ; how
soon, or suddenly, it will ebb. Books asked for, not already
in the Library, we have in almost every instance procured ;
and the attention of the citizens is again called to the Record
Book at the Librarian's desk, for recording their wishes in
this particular. Not a single book, objectionable on moral
grounds, has been entered on this Record since the Library
was opened. The name of the person desiring a particular
book is expected to be entered likewise. But on this whole
matter of duplicates, and of books specially asked for, the
inquiry is often made of us, "What is the usage elsewhere? "
We can only refer to what we have said on this subject in
former Reports, adding, this year, what Mr. Winsor has
just given as one result from the inquiries proposed in his
Circular. Thus, of the Massachusetts libraries, he writes : —

"In the purchase of books recommended, these libraries
often, as far as they can, accede to any reasonable demand, —
but in many cases no greater wTeight is given to a recom-
mendation because a book is absolutely wanted, fitness in
the Committee's eyes being the sole criterion. . . . The
Boston Athenaeum says, it buys on an average, three out of
four that are recommended."

" In the purchase of duplicates, few of these libraries
have means to satisfy the demands in this way. Some of
them occasionally purchase two or three copies. ... At
the Boston Athenaeum, they do not ordinarily duplicate in
more than ten cases in a year ; and the usage at the Boston
Library Society is the same."

" I think the largest number of copies of a new book which
has been bought the past year is seventeen, and this was in

the case of f The Gates Ajar. ' As showing how libraries
with different aims cater to such a demand, I will state that
the Mercantile Library of New York, put fifty-two copies of
that book in circulation ; and that Mr. Loring of this city,
found one hundred and fifty copies necessary to supply his
customers." [A Circulating Library.]

The usage abroad is thus, in part, noticed by Mr. Winsor
from his returns.

w The Branch-Library system of the larger libraries par-
tially obviates the necessity of increasing duplicates in each
branch. Birmingham buys up to six ; Manchester puts two
or three copies, at most, in each branch ; Liverpool, very
seldom more than one copy. Where there are no branches,
as at Sheffield and Nottingham, they go up in some cases as
high as six or eight copies ; Blackburn, two or three ; Sal-
ford, three, etc."

Again, of the replies given to that inquiry of the Circular,
" What proportion of your purchases are novels ? " Mr.
Winsor writes thus, respecting the foreign libraries : —

"In several of these libraries, the usual proportion of
novels in their increase is about one- third. At Bolton,
England, it is fifty per cent. ; at Birmingham, twenty per
cent. ; at Sheffield novels form sixteen per cent, of their
library."

" Some of the associated libraries obviate the necessity of
buying largely of this class of books, by paying a fixed sum to
Mudie's or some other London library, which furnishes them
to any extent desired with duplicates of popular books, to be
withdrawn when the demand slackens."

For the year reported in Mr. Winsor's tables, in the col-
umn headed " Sale of Duplicates," the Holton Library re-
turns the number twenty.

XIV. CATALOGUE.

It is hoped that a new Catalogue will be ready for the press
in the summer. Since the issue of the first Catalogue in
June, 1866, the number of books has been nearly doubled;
and written supplements are furnished at the Hall. It has
been contemplated to print only a supplement of books
added since 1866, but the Library Committee, on a full re-
view of the subject, have lately reported in favor of a whole
Catalogue. They have come to this conclusion on various
considerations, — not the least of which is the generally ex-
pressed desire of those using the Library, from all classes and
sections of the town, that one complete Catalogue may be
furnished them^ instead of one new half to be laid with one
old half already not a little worn. The expense of printing
an entire Catalogue will not exceed very much the cost of a
Supplement only. And after a whole Catalogue is thus pro-
cured, the titles of books purchased each year may be ap-
pended to the Trustees' Annual Eeport, somewhat after the
plan of the Monthly Bulletins at the Boston Public Library,
and so no further Catalogue be required for many years.
Much dissatisfaction is manifested with the present condition
of the Catalogues by all who have occasion to consult them
at home, or at the Hall. Some inaccuracies occurred in the
first Catalogue, prepared, as it was necessarily, in haste. A
more approved system than the present of numbering the
books, namely, by alcoves and shelves, could be introduced
in a new Catalogue. The Trustees are not at liberty to use
the legacy of the founder for printing a Catalogue. But the
citizens, it is believed, will now regard a complete and well
arranged Catalogue as indispensable for their convenience.
The Auditors entirely concurring with the Trustees in the
generally acknowledged necessity of such a work, will include
in their estimate for the appropriations of the coming year
a small sum for this purpose.

XV. READING ROOM.

Our Reading Room is visited on each day and evening of
delivery, by more or less persons of either sex, for reading
and for consultation of books. Indeed, with a good number
of books, which from their cost, or size, or terms of bequest,
or other considerations, cannot be loaned, but must remain
" Books of Reference," such an appendage to the Library
becomes quite essential. On the tables are found sixteen of
the leading Periodicals, Reviews, and Magazines. Of the
eighty-eight libraries in Massachusetts, replying to the Cir-
cular addressed to them from Boston, as named on page 14
of this Report, sixty-three are returned as without a Reading
Room and Periodicals. The remaining twenty-five we have
classed in the following table as maintaining Reading Rooms,
with the number of Periodicals furnished in each.

Boston Public Library, nearly 300 Periodicals.

Boston Athenaeum,

115

Brighton Holton Library,

Boston Natural Historical

Boston Library of 1794,

Society,

100

Taunton Public Library,

Worcester Public Library,

Lowell Young Men's Christian

Boston Young Men's Chris-

Association,

tian Association,

Westfielcl Athenaeum,

Boston Mercantile Library,

Waltham Public Library,

New Bedford Public Library,

Northampton Public Library,

Amherst College Library,

Boston New Church,

Salem Athenaeum,

Lynn Public Library,

Brookline Public Library,

Roxbury Athenaeum,

Lawrence Pacific Mills,

Stockbridge Jackson Library,

Andover Theolog. Seminary,

Gardner Young Men's Christian

Newton Theological "

Association,

Charlestown Public Library reports a Reading Room and
Periodicals, but not the number.

Several of the Massachusetts Reading Rooms are likewise
supplied with newspapers. We select a few libraries within
the United States and British America from the voluminous
returns furnished as above, and set them here in order, with

the number of periodicals and newspapers supplied in their
Reading Rooms.

The two smallest named are Indianapolis, Ind., State
Library, four periodicals and " several " newspapers ; and
Newport, R. I., Public Library, five periodicals and fifteen
newspapers. Some of the largest Reading Rooms, report
thus : —

tn
Ui

Names.

odical

spape

Names.

odical

spape

't-i

<x>

Brooklyn, N. Y., Mer-

Philadelphia Mercan-

cantile,

210

tile,

100

200

New York Cooper

New York Society Li-

Union,

204

brary,

100

New York Mercantile,

150

200

San Francisco,

300

Washington Lib. Cong.

132

St. Louis Pub. Library,

In British America, Ottawa, Library of Parliament re-
turns one hundred and thirty Periodicals ; and Quebec Lit-
erary and Historical Society returns twenty-two Periodicals,
neither naming newspapers.

XV. LIBRARY BUILDING.

Each year, with its stated increase of books, makes more
manifest to us the need of a separate building in which these
acquisitions may be safely kept. As at present accommo-
dated, they are not without peril from fire. We have paid
for books, now in the Library, between five and six thousand
dollars, as shown by the six annual Reports of the Treasurer.
And in this estimate is not included two thousand volumes
presented by the Brighton Library Association, and by the
town, on starting. Neither is there included three hundred

and seventy-five volumes, many of them of considerable cost,
which have been presented by individual donors. Nine
thousand dollars would be required to replace as many books
as we have, with the same titles, and in the same editions.
In view of the growing value of the Library, the Trustees
have just taken out another policy of insurance for three
thousand dollars, additional to what had been before effected.
The subject of a new Library Building the Trustees have
brought to the notice of their fellow-citizens in former Re-
ports. In their last Report, particularly, edifices then in
process of erection, as at Brookline and at Newton, were de-
scribed from the architects' plans, and such considerations pre-
sented as might show the extreme desirableness of a new build-
ing here. On page 12, of this Report, it may be seen that a
very beautiful and commodious edifice in wood was, last year,
erected at Hingham, at an expense of only twelve thousand
dollars, part of the munificent donation of Hon. Mr. Fearing.
It might not be judicious to build in wood here, in the suburbs
of the good old city, that, as intimated above, is so soon to
embrace beneath her motherly wings all this outlying terri-
tory, and engraft our library, as a branch, on her noble stock.
But an edifice of some kind will soon be imperatively re-
quired, if we would maintain even the present ratio of
increase, and even our present relative position among simi-
lar institutions.

The town was not satisfied, in earlier days, that her school
edifices should rank behind those of her neighbors. But
before most of the towns in her vicinity, before several
of the cities of the Commonwealth had banished all those
uncouth school-houses of a former generation, she had re-
modelled and furnished every school edifice in her borders
after the most approved modern patterns. The town has,
doubtless, deferred an appropriation for a building thus far,
lest, by such action, she might anticipate the wish of some
generous-hearted son to connect his own name with the edi-
fice. We shall ever honor the name of our founder, Mr.
4bl

Holton, who, while endowing a Library for his native town,
bequeathed besides between eighty and ninety thousand dol-
lars of his ample estate to charitable purposes here and else-
where. But we need honor him no less, while with him
honoring some other who shall now generously provide a
building. While the name of Holton attaches to the books
he gave and gives, how gracefully should another name
attach to the Hall that holds them ! Indeed, these pleasant
fancies have well-nigh borne us on into the consciousness
that a building has been promised ; and, as good sponsors,
we volunteer a form, through which it may be called, leaving
but a single blank to be filled with the donor's name : —
The Hall of the Holton Library.

XVI. BOOKS ADDED LAST YEAR.

We have added, the past year, by purchase and donation,
nearly nine hundred volumes, exclusive of pamphlets. Many
of these pamphlets will immediately go upon the shelves as
bound books. The titles of these additional volumes, not on
the printed catalogues, will be found on the supplements at
the Hall. They embrace a good proportion of the most
desirable works in the English tongue, for a free Public
Library, which the year has furnished. A small part only
of the additions are works of fiction. Entire sets of the
works of the standard writers of fiction are already on
the shelves ; and each year we keep those sets complete as
new works appear. But apart from these leading works of
fiction, we have found occasion to add but very few other
novels. Indeed, under works of fiction, in these modern
•times, are embraced many of the finest productions, and most
to be commended. Formerly the novel, and for the most
part, all that went under the name of fiction was here
included, was held the great terror of all conservators of
good morals and pure taste. Certainly the records of Eng-
lish and French literature, to go no further back than the
last century, amply justify such judgment. Nor do we deny

that the low, sensational novel, ministering to the grossest
passions, pandering to the vilest tastes, still creeps stealthily
forth from the press, and finds victims enough for its soul-
destroying work. Our doors give no entrance to such books.
Their place is fitly named in the fifth verse of the fifth chap-
ter of Proverbs, — a place, the gorgeous upholstery possibly,
and gilded alcoves of which we shall not stop to picture.
But to class with such pests as these all the works of modern
fiction, — to put under the ban, Scott, Dickens, Curtis, Mitch-
ell, Winthrop, Arthur, Austen, Bronte, and Evans, Whitney,
Phelps, and Alcott, Child, and Stowe, Cooper, and Edge-
worth, Hawthorne, Sargent, and Holmes, Marryatt, and
Keid, and Keed, Thackeray, and Higginson, and Thoreau,
Muhlbach, and Muloch, Southworth, and Cummins, and
Warner, and Wood, — men and women in multitudes like
these, who have written and are writing in fiction that
inspires, uplifts, instructs, and regenerates the race, were
most unwise.

Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin" is
fiction; so is Mrs. Child's "Eomance of the Kepublic." But
the whole substructure of these works is stern, terrible, his-
torical truth, and their influence in tenderest pity and in thun-
der tones of warning have served — how much ! — the cause
of righteousness and freedom. How, indeed, shall words
measure all the good which has been wrought, intellectual,
moral, religious ; all the help rendered to history, science,
philosophy, ethics, yes, to piety, by the best writers of
fiction in this century alone? But the subject was treated so
particularly in the last Eeport of your Trustees, and state-
ments there furnished showing the smaller proportion of
novels bought and used in this Library than in many other
Public Libraries at home and abroad, that nothing need be
added now.

Of course, more books, numerically, could have been put
into the Library, last year, than have been furnished. But
with so good a stock of standard English works in almost

every department of literature, our ambition, now, is to add
fresh books, — such as come daily from the press ; such as \
the people, generally, are reading and talking about. The
titles of the eight or nine hundred last added show no little
variety. The lighter and the graver works, volumes of
lower cost, and volumes, many of four and five dollars each,
are embraced.

Biography is very fully represented, from the two imposing
volumes, just published, of the Life of Daniel Webster, by
George T. Curtis, one of the literary executors of the great
statesman, whose works in six volumes, and whose cor-
respondence in two volumes, we already had ; from the Life of
Rufus Choate, by Brown, and of Jared Sparks, by Ellis;
from the Life of Judge Smith, by Rev. Dr. Morison, and
the Life of Rev. J ohn Murray ; from the Life of Columbus ;
from the Life of John Bright of England, and of Gladstone ;
the Life of Miss Mitford, in two volumes ; and of Audubon,
the great Naturalist, by his widow ; to the less-pretending,
but deeply interesting Life of Craig, the faithful minister, and
to the touching Memoir of James P. Walker, the devoted
friend and laborer in the cause of Sunday schools. Included,
moreover, is that work which is charming so many readers
in this country and abroad, Diary, Reminiscences, and
Correspondence of Henry Crabb Robinson, in two volumes ;
Reminiscences, also, of Hamilton ; of Mendelssohn ; the Life
of Ida Lewis, brave heroine of Lime Rock ; Memoirs of
Keble, in two volumes, by Coleridge ; the new edition of
Keble's Poems, being likewise entered in its own depart-
ment; Abbott's Joseph Napoleon, and even Pollard's Life of
Jefferson Davis.

Among works of travels, we see the titles of the great
work of Raphael Pumpelly, Professor in Harvard University,
Across America and Asia, a Five-years' Journey around the
World ; Our New West, by Bowles ; Italy, Florence, Venice,
by Taine ; Down the Rhine, by William T. Adams ; Life in
Australia, by Boot, one of the five-dollar volumes ; Notes in

England and Italy, by Mrs. Hawthorne; Our New Way
Round the World, by Carleton ; Twelve Nights in a Hunter's
Camp ; Eight Years in England, by Baker ; Abyssinia De-
scribed, fully and beautifully ; Fellows's Travels and Researches
in Asia Minor, finely illustrated, as are many of the books
we name ; Deserts of North America, by Domeneck, in two
volumes, of the price of six dollars ; An American Family in
Paris ; Yo Semite Guide, by Josiah D wight Whitney,
Professor in Harvard University, another of the most costly
volumes ; Baker's Tributaries of the Nile ; Wanderings in
China, by Fortune ; Letters from the East, and Letters of a
Traveller, both by our poet, Bryant ; and Adams's new work
on Pompeii.

In History we have added last year, to name only a few
among many works, Prehistoric Nations ; Hellas, by Chase ;
A Treatise on the Salem Withcraft ; Town Records of Salem,
from 1634 to 1649 ; Drake's valuable work on The Annals of
Witchcraft, — these all additional toUpham's large work on the
Salem Witchcraft, which was in the Library before ; Early
History of Vermont ; Spain and the Spanish, in two volumes,
by Mrs. Byrne ; Reminiscences of Amherst College, by Hitch-
cock ; History of Pittsfield, by Smith ; of Essex, by Crowell ;
of Winchendon, by Marvin ; Lossing's Field Book, of the
War of 1812, in addition to all of his previous works ; these
few latter works being among the largest and costliest;
History of the Waldenses, in two volumes ; Bowles's Colorado ;
Sherwood's Comic History of the United States ; Discovery
of the West, by Francis Parkman, additional to the four
other admirable works on kindred topics by this most gifted
young author, and to his Treatise on the Rose, all which we
had before. And still on, we see the titles of Hittell's
Resources of California; Great Hunting Grounds of the
World ; first volume of the History of Rome, by Mommsen ;
Lord's Ancient States and Empires ; Hagenback's History of
the Church in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries;
MacLean's Apostles of Mediaeval Europe; and Professor

Hedge's Primeval World of Hebrew Tradition, which has
attracted so widely the attention of thoughtful readers.

In Natural History, we have added, with other works, the
recent large work of Wood, — Bible Animals. For the sum of
four or five dollars is furnished this ample volume, in which
all " beasts of the field, fowls of the air, and fishes of the
sea," named in the Bible, are described and illustrated.
Intelligence of Animals, by Menault, and Insect Architecture,
by Rennie, most interesting, awaken the old question of
difference between Reason and Instinct. The fifth great
Treatise of Figuier on Reptiles and Birds has been added, at
a cost of five dollars ; copiously and beautifully illustrated as
are his four other elaborate treatises, before in the Library : The
Insect World, The World before the Deluge, The Vegetable
World, and The Ocean World.

In Geology, Denton's Lectures, or Our Planet, is added.
In Political Economy, Greeley's Treatise ; and the History of
Socialism, by John H. Noyes; and Laws of Business, by
Theophilus Parsons. In Physiology, Flint's third volume, or
part, of which we had parts first and second, also Phillips'
large and able work, of interest to all, Treatment of the Eye.
In Natural Science, the year has furnished Lackland's
Treatise on Meteors ; Wonders of the Deep ; The Polar
World, by Dr. G. Hartwig ; Treatises, severally, on Wonders
of Heat, on Volcanoes and Earthquakes ; on Wonders of
Optics; on Thunder and Lightning; and, larger than these,
and at a cost of five or six dollars, Mysteries of the Ocean.

In Horticulture, we have added Flagg's work on European
Vineyards ; Pear Culture for Profit, by Quinn ; Downing's
Fruits and Fruit Trees of America, at a cost of six dollars ;
Among the Trees, by Mary J. Losimer ; Planting the Wil-
derness, by Pearson ; Trees, Plants and Flowers, and How
They Grow.

Yet further among recent titles, we read Mulbachh's
Goethe and Schiller ; The Age of Elizabeth, by our first
American Essayist, Edwin P. Whipple, additional to all his

previous works, which the Library already contained ; J. S.
C. Abbott's Eomance of Spanish History; The Ingham
Papers, by Rev. Edward Everett Hale; our poet, Lowell's
Cathedral, and Tennyson's Holy Grail and Other Poems,
making complete in the Library the published works of these
four writers. In like manner have been added Auerbach's
Villa on the Rhine ; Life, Speeches, and Discourses of Pere
Hyacinthe ; Woman, her Rights, Wrongs, Privileges, and
Responsibilities, by Prockett ; Bushnell's Woman's Suffrage ;
Mrs. Whitney's Hitherto ; Mrs. Stowe's, Mrs. Dall's, Miss
Alcott's, and Miss Phelps's works, of the past year ; Man and
Woman, Equal but Unlike, by James Reed ; The London
Illustrated News, in sixteen volumes, folio, most fully
illustrated ; Nat, the Navigator, presenting our noble Bow-
ditch as an example for boys ; Carpenters' and Builders'
Guide, by Plumer; Practical Poultry Keeper, by Wright;
a highly approved Treatise on Dreams, Sleep, and its
Phenomena, Wakefulness, and Somnambulism, by Dr.
Hammond, Professor in the Bellevue Hospital of New York ;
Men and Things at Washington; History of American
Manufactures, in three volumes, by Bishop, with several
hundred steel-plate portraits of the leading manufacturers of
the country, in various departments, — a work costing nine
dollars ; Night Scenes in the Bible, an elegantly illustrated
volume ; and a second volume, Metrical Pieces, of which we
had the first, by Rev. Dr. Frothingham of Boston ; this
latter, collected before he reached his present infirmity of
age, but telling, like all his various productions, of rare in-
tellectual gifts which, in the years past, have placed him
foremost among American scholars and divines.

But in thus naming, for the convenience of our readers
until a new catalogue is furnished, single works from among
a multitude of books added last year, we are possibly
enacting the old folly of the man who carried about a single
brick to show the house he would dispose of. Leaving all,
we hasten to close. And be it with the hope that each book,

both those just added and those before in store, if not a well-
formed and comely brick, may be as " polished corner-
stones," of which the Bible tells, in that fair "palace" of
knowledge which all good readers build. Various, of course,
are the merits of the books selected. The above titles, as
indicating classes of books, tell something of their char-
acter. Some perhaps may lull ; some, we are sure, must
stir and task and keep awake all the energies of mind and
heart. Jean Paul, who said many good things, uttered no
truer saying than this : "There are a few powerful authors
who punish their readers, as did the Roman tyrants of old,
by depriving them of sleep ; but most writers are too benevo-
lent to do this." May the books presented here, if of the
former class, rouse and incite to right living and noble
action. If of the latter class, may they at least induce a
healthful rest from the strife of passion, from the cares and
perplexities of the world ; the sleep, at least, may it be of
pleasant dreams.

Respectfully submitted, in behalf of the Trustees,

FREDERIC A. WHITNEY,

President.

FREDERIC A. WHITNEY,

WE ARE DOW BICKFORD,

WEBSTER FRANKLIN WARREN, Librarian,

DAVID TURNER PACKARD.

WILLIAM WIRT WARREN,
CHARLES HENRY BASS BRECK,
GRANVILLE FULLER,
JOHN PERKINS CUSHING WINSHIP.

EDMUND RICE,
LIFE BALDWIN, Treasurer,
WILLIAM FREDERIC MATCHETT,
BELA STODDARD FISKE, Secretary.

Trustees by triennial, biennial, and annual election.

Holton Library, January 31, 1870.

REPORT

OP THE

LIBEAEIAN OF THE HOLTON LIBEAEY.

To the Trustees :

The Librarian herewith submits the sixth Annual Report
for the year ending January 31, 1870.

The Library is at present in the following condition : —
Number of volumes belonging to the Library at the

commencement of the year, .... 5,008
Number of volumes added by purchase, and by

binding periodicals, . . . . . . 781

Number of volumes presented, . . . . 56

5,845

Number of volumes purchased to supply places of

books worn out, defaced, or lost, ... 7
Total number of volumes February 1, 1870, . . 5,838

Number of pamphlets February 1,1869, . . 1,185
" added by presentation, .... 116
44 44 purchase, .... 376

Total number of pamphlets added to February 1,

1870, . 1,677

No. of subscribers, or card-holders, Feb. 1, 1869, 1,559
44 44 added the past year, . 186
Total 44 " since the opening of the Li-
brary in 1864, 1,745

5bl

Number of subscribers who have taken out books

during the past year, 881

Number of books taken out during the year, . . 15,377

Average number to each subscriber, . . . 17+
Number of days (including evenings) on which the

Library has been open, 94

Average number taken out each day, . . . 164
Amount expended for books, periodicals, and sta-
tionery, $1,174 91

Amount received from fines, . . . . $56 17

PERIODICALS.

Atlantic Monthly.
Cornhill Magazine.
Eclectic Magazine.
Every Saturday.
Galaxy.

Genealogical Eegister.
Godey's Magazine.
Harper's Magazine.

Harper's Weekly.
Leslie's Magazine.
Littell's Living Age.
North American Review.
Our Young Folks' Magazine.
Punch.

Scientific American.
The Horticulturist.

The foregoing Eeport embraces the year ending January
31, 1870, excepting as regards the lost books. As the in-
termission is now taken during the month of August, instead
of February, as was formerly the practice, and the examina-
tion of the Library made in August, the statement concern-
ing books lost relates to the year ending July 31, 1869.
Eight books appear to have been lost during the year, to wit :
" Sketches of Irish Character," " Manners and Customs of Prin-
cipal Nations," " Planchette," " Services at the Death of Abra-
ham Lincoln," "Rob Roy, Vol. I.," "Dog Crusoe," "Edmond
Daults," and " Volume Thirty of Harper's Monthly Magazine."

The titles of the lost books are published, upon the suppo-
sition that some of them may yet be among the citizens of the

town, and with the hope that all who may at any time have
had either of the books in their possession, will ascertain
whether they have ever returned them to the Library.

Appended is a list of the donors for the past year, with the
number of volumes and pamphlets presented by each.

All of which is respectfully submitted,

W. F. Warren, Librarian.

Holton Library, Jan. 31, 1870.

BENEFACTORS

HOLTON LIBRARY,

FOR THE YEAR 1869-70.
And the Number of Volumes and Pamphlets received from each.

James Holton's Original Bequest, $6,000.

Names and Residence. Pamphlets. Volumes.

Baldwin, Life, Brighton .... 20 1

Bates, Joseph L., Boston ... 2 3

Boston Public Library, Trustees of . 7 -

Boston School for the Ministry, Officers of 1 -

Boutwell, George S. Hon., Washington, D. C. 9 9

Bradlee, Caleb Davis, Rev., Boston - 9

Brighton, Town of ♦ - 1

Capen, Barnard, Boston .... - 12

Dana, Esther, Mrs., Brighton ... - 1

Greenleaf, Richard Cranch, Boston 25 3

Hooper, Dwight B., Mrs., Brighton - 7

Kirke, George W., Brighton ... - 2

Manchester Public Library, Trustees of . 1 -

Massachusetts, Commonwealth of . . - 5

Matchett, William F., Brighton 16

Packard, David T., Rev., < < ... 3

Peabody Institute, Trustees of, Peabody . 1 -

Beading Public Library, Trustees of, . 1 -

Sibley, John L., Cambridge ... 2 -

Taunton Public Library, Trustees of . 1 -

Turner, Alfred. T., Boston ... 1

Watertown Public Library, Trustees of . 1 -

Whitney, Frederic A., Mrs., Brighton . - 2

Whitney, Frederic A., Kev., " - 1

Winship, J. P. C, " . 23

Winsor, Justin, Boston .... 1 -

Worcester Public Library, Directors of, . 1 -

116 56

TBEASUKEK'S KBPOET.

Life Baldwin, Treasurer, in account with Holton Library.

Dr.

To balance of funds on hand, as per last report,

Feb. 6, 1869, $4,388 19

To sale of coupons, $114 00

Premium on do., 42 18

156 18

To cash received of

Librarian for

Fines 3 months, ending May 1,

$10 56

" 3 "

« Aug. 1,

18 30

" 3 "

" Nov. 1,

11 04

« 3 <<

" Feb. 1,

16 27

To sale of coupons,

$111 00

Premium on do.,

22 75

56 17

133 75

To Premium on $400 U. S. bonds sold, 57 11

$4,791 40

Cr.

By cash paid sundry bills and ex-
penses, as follows, viz. : —

By Rice & Rogers, printing, etc., $11 25

W. F. Warren, sundry bills, 45 35

Nichols & Noyes, books, 1,035 31

Check stamps, 60

M. H. Sargent, Jr., books,

3 00

E. E. Kice & Co., labels,

2 75

Hooper, Lewis & Co., paper,

8 00

Bela S. Fiske, insurance,

121 00

H. Cushman, expressage,

9 70

Crosby & Daniels, books,

68 00

Lovering & Co., books,

1 ZD

Balance on hand in U. S. Bonds,

$3,400 00

Cash,

85 19

3,485 19

$4,791 40

Brighton, Feb. 8, 1870.

' L. BALDWIN, Treasurer.

THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

SCHOOL COMMITTEE

TOWN OF BRIGHTON,

FOR THE YEAR ENDING JANUARY 31, 1870.

BOSTON:
ROCKWELL & CHURCHILL, PRINTERS,
122 Wa shington Street.
1 8 70.

SCHOOL COMMITTEE FOR 1869-70.

HENRY BALDWIN, Chairman. Term expires March, 1870.
J. P. C. WINSHIP, Secretary. " " " 1871.
C. H. B. BRECK. « " " 1872.

SUB-COMMITTEES.

High School and Primaries Ms. 4 and 5 — HENRY BALDWIN.
Bennett Grammar and Primaries Ms. 2 and 3 — C. H. B. BRECK.
Harvard Grammar and Primaries Nos. 1 and 6 — J. P. C. WINSHIP.

REPORT.

To the Citizens of the Town of Brighton : —

Your School Committee herewith submit the thirty-second
annual report upon the condition of the public schools.

We have not been unmindful of the variety and the
importance of the trusts reposed in us by the town. The
superintendence of the education of the youth of a com-
munity involves great care and grave responsibilities ; and
the utmost fidelity and constant vigilance should be demanded
of the members of the School Committee in the performance
of their duties. The law clothes them with extraordinary
powers, and vests in them almost an exclusive control of the
schools. Upon them devolve the care and custody of the
extensive property of the town in school-houses and school-
furniture ; the selection of competent teachers, who shall
educate the youth physically, morally, and intellectually ; the
maintenance of a proper discipline, and the establishment
of a suitable course of study in the various schools ; the
disbursement of all moneys appropriated by the town for
their support, and the settlement of the numerous questions
which so often arise in the ordinary administration of the
schools.

We congratulate our citizens upon the continued prosperity
and improvement of our schools. During the past year their
condition has been that of a uniform and healthy progress ;
and they have in general fulfilled our reasonable expectations.
The Committee, teachers, and parents have all worked

together harmoniously ; and the results of these labors have
been in a great measure satisfactory.

SCHOOL-HOUSES.

The town has now seven buildings erected for school
purposes, in which are taught six Primary and Intermediate
Schools, two Grammar Schools and one High School. All of
these buildings are of modern architecture, and with one ex-
ception, to be noticed hereafter, furnish ample accommodation
for our pupils. They are all conveniently located, and are
well provided with the proper apparatus for ventilation and
heating. The atmosphere and temperature of these school-
rooms are generally healthful and agreeable ; the attention of
our teachers has been called to the proper ventilation of their
respective rooms, and we think the health of the pupils has
thereby been improved. Under a regulation of the Com-
mittee, holding each principal teacher responsible for the
proper care of his school-house, we are able to report the
various buildings in good condition and repair ; and that all
our school-rooms have been tidily kept.

The steam heating apparatus in the High School is proving
itself, not only the most agreeable, but also the most
economical, method of heating that building. The scholars
are never troubled with that dryness in the atmosphere so
often noticed in rooms heated by hot-air furnaces ; and the
consumption of coal is quite small. Although this building
is situated in an exposed locality, and a larger area is heated
than in any other school-building in town, still the consump-
tion of fuel is hardly two-thirds that of either of the Grammar
Schools.

The plan of dividing all pupils below the Grammar, into
two departments of Primary and Intermediate, works well,
and has been adopted by the Committee. To carry out this
system, all the Primary School-houses have been constructed
with two school-rooms, each independent of the other ; with

the exception of Primary No. 1, under the Harvard Grammar
School, where the pupils are crowded together in one room,
and taught with many disadvantages by the two teachers.
We recommend such changes in the construction of this
building as will enable the two departments of Primary and
Intermediate to be taught independently of each other.

In pursuance of a vote of the town, Primary building No.
3, at Oak Square, was raised in the summer vacation, and a
new school-room built on the first story ; but the number of
scholars in this school during the past year has so largely
decreased, that the Committee have not deemed it necessary
to furnish the new room at present, or to employ another
teacher ; although a change will soon be required.

Under an appropriation of the town, some improvements
have been made on the High School grounds, and a piece of
land has been purchased, on the southerly side, from Mr.
George H. Howe, which will add much to the beauty and
convenience of the High School lot. It is desirable that the
whole should be enclosed at an early day by a suitable
fence, and that the school-grounds of Primary No. 5, at the
head of Shepard Street, should be protected also on the
front line by a proper fence. These school-grounds are the
play-grounds of our children ; they should be made safe from
intruders, and furnish ample scope for exercise, youthful
games, and rational amusements. The shade trees planted in
them two years since add much to their beauty.

In most cases the outhouses connected with the schools
have been kept in good order ; but we think the pupils of
Primary No. 2 should pay more attention to neatness, and the
proprieties of civilized life.

TEACHERS.

The corps of teachers now in the employ of the town num-
bers twenty. Upon them is imposed the duty of instructing
eight hundred pupils, of every age from five to seventeen

years. Their labors are constant and arduous, and we fear
very inadequately appreciated. Among so many, there will
necessarily be differences in capacity and success. They are
not all possessed of the same qualifications, nor have they
all had equal experience. But the Committee are pleased
in being able to commend them to the citizens of the town,
as faithful, conscientious, and in many cases earnest, patient
of labor, and judicious in their discipline. Many, not all, of
our teachers seem imbued with an enthusiastic love of their
profession, and inspire their scholars with a corresponding
love of learning.

Perhaps in nothing do our teachers differ more than in this
particular. Where the instructor is enthusiastic, there the
pupils are industrious, and success is achieved ; but where
this quality does not exist, the Committee look in vain for
much progress.

PRIMARY SCHOOLS.

The teachers of our Primary Schools have labored during
the past year with earnestness and fidelity ; and the Commit-
tee have taken great pleasure in witnessing their successful
efforts in developing the infant mind. Receiving their pupils
at the early age of five years, and retaining them upon an aver-
age three years, they have uniformly evinced an interest and
an affection towards their youthful charge almost parental.
Among so many teachers we notice a marked diversity
of gifts, and the adoption of different methods to accomplish
the same results. Some, by a natural intuition, comprehend
the working of the infant mind, and readily develop it ; while
others, with equal zeal and devotion, fail, in a measure, to
engage the attention and adapt themselves to the understand-
ing of their pupils. The importance of this department of
our Public Schools is too often overlooked ; yet, when we
consider the impressibility and simplicity of the primary
scholar, what a field is opened to the teacher ! What oppor-

tunities are offered for her noblest efforts ! And how impor-
tant that the corner-stone, which is here laid, should be well
grounded, in order that the superstructure to be built thereon
may combine strength with beauty ! We have rejoiced to see,
in many instances, these pupils of tender years drawn to their
teachers by the strong bonds of childish love ; and we have
not failed to notice that, where this attachment exists, the in-
struction imparted by the teacher is accepted with alacrity
and confidence. Your Committee have felt that other things
besides books are essential for these tyros, and have required
a variety in the exercises ; we have recommended more free-
dom than is allowed in schools of a higher grade, have short-
ened a little the afternoon session, and considerable time is
devoted to singing and calisthenic exercises. By such a
course we feel that the school is made attractive and inviting
to these young scholars.

The town has six Primary Schools, taught as follows : —

No. 1 — Miss Sarah F. Monto,
No. 2 — Miss Bertha Sanger,
No. 3 — Miss Mary C. Duncklee,
No. 4 — Miss Fannie A. Swan,
No. 5 — Miss Emma P. Dana,
No. 6 — Miss Alice A. Swett,

We commend these schools to the favorable consideration
of our citizens. The teachers have applied themselves dili-
gently during the past year, and have brought to their work
a youthful enthusiasm and desire to succeed. They have all
taught throughout the entire year, with the exception of Miss
Sanger, who succeeded in the fall term Miss Holmes in No. 2.
As far as your Committee can discern, we think most of
these teachers are inspired with a love of their profession.
Their schools may be deemed our educational nurseries,
where habits of thought, study, and discipline are formed which
are liable to be permanent. In taking leave of this de-

teacher.
< <

a
<«
it
a

partment of our schools, we here express our extreme satis-
faction with the devotion and singular success which have
attended the efforts of a majority of these teachers ; at the
same time we shall expect greater results in one or two of
these schools.

INTERMEDIATE SCHOOLS.

These are also in a prosperous condition. The advance in
the grade of study in the various schools has thrown upon
the teachers of the Intermediate Department additional labors
during the past year. But they have applied themselves
vigorously ; and their efficiency and success have been shown
at the various examinations of their schools. For the first
time, the Committee this year required that admissions from
these schools to the Grammar School should be based on
examinations conducted by the Grammar teachers, under the
supervision of the Committee. A double advantage has been
thereby gained. The Intermediate teacher is impelled to
teach in a more thorough manner, and scholars, improp-
erly qualified, do not impede the advance of the Grammar
Schools, by being wrongfully admitted. At the examinations
held last summer, the Committee had an opportunity to com-
pare the success which has attended the labors of these teach-
ers ; for it was fair to assume that the first class in each of
these schools would sustain about the same qualifications as
to capacity. The result of this examination showed very
different qualifications, as to the required studies ; the pupils
from some of these schools passed excellent examinations, — an
entire class of sixteen from one being admitted without ex-
ception,— while those from others showed deficiencies, not
always excusable. We advise the teachers of this depart-
ment, not to lose sight of this test, to which their labors
each year will hereafter be brought. As we have previously
suggested, nothing but thoroughness of instruction and sys-
tematic painstaking will ensure a successful examination on the

part of the pupils. The importance of this grade of our
schools must not be overlooked. Here the four fundamental
branches are taught; and, to be uniformly successful, the
teacher must render these studies attractive, and instil into
these young minds a love of investigation. With a view to
giving some variety to the course of study pursued in this
department, and at the same time in order to impart very use-
ful instruction, the Committee have introduced Bartholomew's
drawing slates and cards into these schools, to be used by the
pupil as a relaxation from other studies, and to familiarize
him with drawing and writing. This change has proved
highly beneficial ; it secures more perfect order, and accus-
toms the scholar to the use of the pencil and the construction
of words.

Our Intermediate teachers are, —

No. 1 — Miss Mary B. Monto.
No. 2 — Miss Sarah P. Morrill.
No. 3 — Miss Mary C. Duncklee.
No. 4 — Miss Sophronia A. Collins.
No. 5 — Miss Charlotte Adams.
No. 6 — Miss Alice A. Swett.

Their task is an extremely laborious one, and they have
few idle moments. And although there is a difference in the
results attained by them, we do not deem it advisable to draw
any comparisons (at all times odious) between them. Some
of them are nearly perfect ; most of them are all that we
could wish as teachers ; but we leave to the consideration of
one or two whether their labors should not be crowned with
greater success.

The discipline of these schools has generally been good ;
but they suffer too much from a want of regular attendance
on the part of some of the scholars, — a fault, we submit,
more chargeable to the parents than the teachers.

We trust that the teachers of this grade may receive the
2bs

constant encouragement of our citizens. We know that the
parents feel an interest in their efforts ; but if they would oc-
casionally show that interest by visiting the school, and by
the kindly word of commendation when deserved, the whole
school would receive a new impulse.

There have been few changes among the teachers of the
Primary and Intermediate Schools during the past year. At
the close of the school year Miss Anna W. Holmes was forced
to resign her position as principal of Primary School No. 2,
in consequence of ill health. She was succeeded by Miss
Bertha Sanger, a native of this place, and a graduate of our
High School, of whose ability the Committee have no doubt,
and of whose success they entertain great expectations. Upon
her taking charge of the school, the pupils were for a time
insubordinate and disorderly ; so much so, that the Committee
felt obliged to threaten them with the strong arm of the lawT, to
quell the disturbance. • But we have had no unpleasant reports
from the school of late.

Miss Frances E. Munroe, at the close of the Summer Term,
sent in her resignation as principal of Primary No. 3, in con-
sequence of her contemplated removal from town ; and Miss
Mary C. Duncklee, who had acted as assistant, was promoted
to the position of principal. Owing to the large decrease in
the number of pupils of this school, the Committee did not
deem it expedient to employ an assistant.

GRAMMAR SCHOOLS.

The corps of teachers in our Grammar Schools remains the
same as last year ; and the Committee bear cheerful testi-
mony to the fidelity with which these two very important
schools have been taught throughout their respective depart-
ments. Under the supervision of Mr. E. H. Hammond as
principal, the Bennett Grammar now ranks among the best
schools of the town ; and it is highly gratifying to notice the dis-

cipline and good order which prevail throughout the school.
In this regard the school has surely and steadily improved ;
and the labors of vigilant and competent teachers have been
apparent whenever we have visited the school. By advancing
the grade of the schools, greater labor has been thrown upon
the teachers and pupils ; and the qualifications for admission
to the High School have been thereby raised. The wisdom
of this change was shown at the last examination of Grammar
scholars for admission to the High School. Their recitations
showed, generally, a more thorough knowledge of the subjects
studied.

Mr. Hammond is fortunate in his assistants, and the Com-
mittee would only reiterate what has been so often said in
previous reports. The services of Miss Waugh are invalua-
ble to the town, and Misses Morrill and Leavitt are highly suc-
cessful and competent in their respective departments. There
is more uniformity of action and a greater unity of purpose in
all the departments of this school, than in former years. The
assembling of the whole school for devotional exercises daily,
when they are brought directly under the eye of the male
teacher, is productive of great benefit in the matter of disci-
pline. The scholars are thus made acquainted with the fact
(too often lost sight of before) that Mr. Hammond is
teacher of the whole school, and that he is responsible for
not only his own department, but the three others.

The Harvard Grammar has not abated one jot from its high
rank. It has always been one of our best schools. Many
parents consider it the best. Energy and zeal characterize
the labors of the teachers ; and whatever is worth doing is
here done well. The methods of instruction and of discipline
here adopted throw an individual responsibility on each
scholar ; each member of the school is intensely developed ;
and teachers, scholars, and parents are inspired with a strong
interest in the school. This interest is due, in the main, we
think, to the influence of the principal, but we feel that he
would not continue so successfully to wield this power, were

he not warmly seconded by his assistants, by the parents of
his pupils, and by the community in which he dwells.

His assistants, Miss Child and Miss Colby, are each
deserving of much commendation for their fidelity ; and we
notice with pleasure a marked improvement in the results
achieved by the second assistant.

The grade of Grammar Schools is one of great importance.
A majority of our youth do not pursue a course of study be-
yond them, nor do they seek admission to our High School.
It is important, therefore, that they should receive a good
education in the English branches. No scholar should grad-
uate from these schools, without a thorough knowledge of
grammar, geography, arithmetic, history of the United States,
reading, and spelling ; and it has been the aim of the Com-
mittee, after consulting with the principals of our two Gram-
mar Schools, who have had such wide experience, to pre-
scribe such a course of study as would properly instruct the
scholars in these branches. Considering the time occupied
in this grade of schools, parents and the Committee have a
right to expect great results. It is here that the mind
of the child rapidly matures, and that great opportunities are
afforded for the work of a competent educator. In the opinion
of the Committee, no Grammar teacher should confine his in-
struction to the text-books. By depending on these, and these
alone, he will find it difficult to know how much of the pupil's
recitations are exercises of the memory, and how much are
the results of a proper investigation on the part of the scholar.
We are glad to observe in each of our Grammar Schools an
appreciation of this fact on the part of the teachers, and a
practice of departing from the text of the books, whenever by
so doing they can give to the pupil greater insight into the
subjects of study pursued by him, or can better test the avail-
able resources of the scholar. Books are indispensable aids
to the study of arithmetic, grammar, and geography ; but
a competent teacher will, in almost every recitation, see oc-
casions and exigencies which require a withdrawal from

the book and a reliance upon his own resources, in order
more fully to unfold the subject-matter of the lesson, or to
aid and lead the mind of the child to accurate information and
correct conclusions.

There is in our Grammar Schools an average of about
two hundred and fifty scholars constantly, between the ages
of ten and fourteen. One-third of all our youth are here
massed for instruction. The importance of the work needs
only to be stated to be appreciated. We ask of the parents
and citizens their hearty co-operation with these teachers in
their difficult task ; and we trust that these faithful monitors
of our youth will continue to merit and receive the gratitude
and regard both of parents and pupils.

Very pleasing graduating exercises were had at the close
of the Summer Term at each of the Grammar Schools. And
diplomas were presented to the following graduates : —

At the Bennett Grammar School.
Nellie Bickford,
Clara L. Harrington,
inuc >Cora Sanderson,
Emma F. Brewer,
Fannie H. Danforth,
George A. Lloyd,
Charles A. Deering,
Herbert L. Hunt,
Dennis Brown,

At the Harvard Grammar School.
Melville W. Kent,
John Allison Porter,
Ella M. Warren,
Persis L Swett,
Edward F. Coolidge,
Emma McNamara,
Sarah T. Wadleigh,
Fannie L. Jones,
George C. Mentzer,
Josephine Dame,
Martha J. Briggs.

HIGH SCHOOL.

Our High School is under the same management as last
year. Mr. W. H. Merritt, Principal, Miss Anna J. George,
First Assistant, and Miss E. E. Williams, Second Assistant.
The school is prosperous and the examinations of the school
have always been satisfactory. The opportunities here af-
forded for a thorough and complete education are ample, and
every child in town, that can, should avail himself of the
privilege of belonging to this school. It has been the aim of
the Committee to maintain a high standard of scholarship in
this school, to require that it should be not only in name;
but in fact, a High School, not a high grade of Grammar
School. For the accomplishment of thTs end, the course
of study has been raised in every inferior school, and now,
by reason of the strictness of examination required for ad-
mission, we do not see how any can be admitted who are
not well grounded in all the fundamental branches. It is
for the interest of each pupil, as well as for that of the
wThole school, that this should be so. A scholar improperly
prepared, who has not a complete understanding of all
that is required in the Grammar School course, is out
of place in the High School. Such a pupil cannot develop
the resources of the school, and he is a constant drawback
on the whole class of which he may be a member. We
would discourage all pupils from entertaining the foolish idea
that if they can only be admitted to the High School they
have reached the ultima thule of education.

Much, very much, of the success of the High School de-
pends on the efforts of the teachers placed over it ; but we
would not, as a Committee, lose sight of the fact, that the
teachers of the Primary, Intermediate, and Grammar Schools
are entitled to some share in the credit of such success. It
is here that the labors of these other teachers in the rudi-
ments are shown, and it is safe to predict that, in proportion

as the teachers of the inferior schools have intelligently
taught the principles, so here will be successfully taught the
higher branches.

We commend our High School to the citizens, as one where
all the branches necessary to a complete education are taught ;
many of our present teachers have been taken from it, and
pupils may pass thence to our colleges, or to mercantile pur-
suits.

We notice an improvement in the scholarship of the school.
Pupils are found here, who, for a thorough and comprehen-
sive understanding of the studies pursued by them, compare
favorably with the scholars of our universities. There is a
great diversity in the attainments of the pupils of a school
like this. Some bring to their work a strong desire to
develop themselves, and master everything required in the
course of study ; while others come without any apparent
object before their minds. They attend school because it
is required of them, and they are satisfied with a very mod-
erate amount of study and a recitation of a mediocre char-
acter. Of course there must, of necessity, be differences of
capacity and of success ; but the Committee see no need of
any great difference in interest, discipline, or endeavor. The
pupils of this school are all of an age sufficiently mature to
appreciate readily their advantages, and we ask ourselves
why such disparity in the scholarship. Is it entirely charge-
able to the teacher ? We think not. We cannot but feel
that it is due, in a great degree, to home influence. We
deem the hearty co-operation of the parents with the teacher
essential to success. How readily the teacher or the Com-
mittee know whether the requirements and influences at
the home of the pupil are in aid of those at school ! And
what a power there is in this influence ! Visit a school in
which the parents take little, if any, interest, and, with
few exceptions, the scholars are found to be careless
and heedless, always requiring the goad of the teacher to
spur them on to duty. But go to a school in which the

parents are interested, and where they show that interest by
their visits, and by an acquaintance with the studies pursued
by their children, and there are found pervading the whole
body of scholars an enthusiasm and cheerful alacrity which con-
stantly impel the teacher to greater effort.

Think not that the pupils or teachers are alone deserving
of blame if a school appears poorly, or that all the credit is
due to them if it appears well. To the influence of the
homes and parents of the pupils these results are in a
measure due. An esprit du corps is as essential in our
schools as in an army. Observation teaches us that there
are communities where, by the mere lack of interest on the
part of parents, the scholars gravitate almost to the dead
level of a correctional institution ; where there are no com-
petitions and no aspirations. And again, there are commu-
nities where the interest of the parents in the school, and in the
studies pursued, enkindles a corresponding interest on the
part of the child, and by a worthy ambition, he seeks and is
sure of achieving success.

We trust that the parents of this town may be of this latter
description. In behalf of pupil and teacher, we call on you
for this most important support. You can aid much, very
much, our schools by showing this interest. Without it the
teacher may work long, but, to a great extent, in vain.
Indeed, a single disparaging remark made by a parent in the
presence of his child, as to his school or his teachers, will
utterly paralyze such teacher's efforts, so far as such child is
concerned.

The Committee notice, with great gratification, the good
deportment of the members of this school ; the gentleness of
the girls, and the gentlemanly bearing of the boys. We
think we distinguish a suitable self-respect prevalent in this
school, and a warm attachment is very apparent between
many of these pupils and some of their teachers. It would
highly gratify us to perceive a greater enthusiasm throughout
the school. We could wish that the principal would inspire

his pupils with a more ardent love for the studies pursued ;
still the school is in the main in excellent condition, and we
feel sure that, by diligence on the part of the scholars, by
devotedness on the part of the teachers, and by the constant
sympathy of the parents, it will continue to be a source of
pride to the citizens of the town, and a means of vast benefit
to all of our youth in search of knowledge.

At the close of the Summer Term, the exercises of the
graduating class took place. These were of a high order,
and consisted of declamations, singing, compositions, select
readings, and music.

The class of 1869 numbered six, as follows : —

Ira Stock well, Jacob Mann Taylor,

Frank Asbury Ellis, Annie Frances Coolidge,

Mary Lizzie Jackson, Jennie Frances Smith.

They were presented with their diplomas by the chairman
of the School Committee, in the presence of a large gath-
ering of the friends of the school, in the beautiful hall in the
third story of the High School building.

The number of school children between the ages of five
and fifteen on the first day of May last, as reported by the
assessors, was eight hundred and three.

Boys, . ' . . . 400
Girls, .... 403

803

The Committee are happy to state that they have kept
within the appropriation, and have a surplus of about six hun-
dred dollars ; and they recommend that the town appropriate
the sum of seventeen thousand eight hundred dollars for
school purposes for the ensuing year.

Your Committee renew the recommendation made in pre-
3bs

vious reports, in regard to a change in the plan of the
Harvard Grammar School. The advantage of suitable and
separate rooms for assistants in the Grammar Schools is so
great, and a proper division of the younger pupils into
Primary and Intermediate grades is so essential, that we
think they will justify the cost of the alteration. At present,
and so long as this arrangement continues, in the opinion of
the Committee, the teachers in this building cannot do them-
selves or their scholars that justice of which they are capa-
ble. By this change twenty-six additional pupils may also be
accommodated.

DRIVERS.

Many of the schools suffer very materially from those
pupils to whom usage has given the title of "Drivers."
They absent themselves regularly two days each week, for
the purpose of driving stock for the dealers at this market.
Such absence, so continued, is highly detrimental to the
progress of the classes of which these drivers are mem-
bers, in a measure demoralizes the discipline of the school,
and causes irreparable injury to the driver himself.

Your Committee do not hesitate to say that parents who
permit their children thus to absent themselves, and business
men who employ them, are unconsciously doing a great
wrong. The hotels, the markets, the depots, the stock-
yards, are not the places best adapted for the mental or moral
growth of our youth ; and the boy who thus misspends golden
time does worse than he realizes ; he declines the opportu-
nity of self-improvement so liberally provided by our
Common School system, and forms habits which may
finally ruin him. Just what remedy to adopt, your Com-
mittee have been at a loss to know. To say that such scholars
shall not continue members of the school, is to cast upon fhe
community that portion of our youth who need most the
training and restraint of our schools. We have no doubt

that this mischief can be cured, however, and that our Legis-
lature would, upon application, enact a law which would
remedy this evil, so peculiarly local. And we suggest,
whether that would not be a humane law, which should make
it a penal offence for any person to employ a boy for the
purpose of driving stock, under the age of fifteen, during
school hours.

Your Committee beg leave to add a few general remarks
before closing their report. Our Common-School system
comes down to us, a rich heritage from our fathers. From
the earliest period of our Commonwealth it has been protected
and fostered by constitutional enactment and statute provis-
ions. In the Bill of Eights, our ancestors, acknowledging
with grateful hearts the goodness of the great Legislator of
the Universe, solemnly declared as follows : —

"Wisdom and knowledge, as well as virtue, diffused gen-
erally among the body of the people, being necessary for the
preservation of their rights and liberties ; and as these depend
on spreading the opportunities and advantages of education
in the various parts of the country, and among the different
order of the people, it shall be the duty of legislatures and
magistrates, in all future periods of this Commonwealth, to
cherish the interests of literature and the sciences, and all
seminaries of them, especially the University at Cambridge,
Public Schools and Grammar Schools in the towns . . .
to countenance and inculcate the principles of humanity and
general benevolence, public and private charity, industry
and frugality, honesty and punctuality in their dealings ; sin-
cerity, good-humor, and all social affections, and generous
sentiments among the people." *

And the people, through their Legislature, declared it to be
the duty " of all preceptors and teachers of Academies, and

* Constitution of Mass., Chap. V., Sect. II.

of all other instructors of youth, to exert their best endeavors
to impress on the minds of children and youth, committed to
their care and instruction, the principles of piety and justice,
and a sacred regard to truth ; love of their country, human-
ity, and universal benevolence ; sobriety, industry, and frugal-
ity ; chastity, moderation, and temperance ; and those other
virtues which are the ornament of human society and the
basis upon which a republican constitution is founded ; and it
shall be the duty of such instructors to endeavor to lead their
pupils, as their ages and capacities will admit, into a clear
understanding of the tedency of the above-mentioned virtues
to preserve and perfect a republican constitution and secure
the blessings of liberty, as well as to promote their future
happiness, and also to point out to them the evil tendency of
the opposite vices." *

And again : " It shall be the duty of the resident ministers
of the gospel, the selectmen, and the School Committees to
exert their influence and use their best endeavors that the
youth of their towns shall regularly attend the schools estab-
lished for their instruction." *

Such is the spirit of our constitution and our laws. To
infuse these sentiments into the hearts, and embody them
in the lives of our youth, a comprehensive, yet kind and
parental jurisprudence has grown up in this State in regard
to our Common Schools. Our fathers felt that popular educa-
tion was the main safeguard against all encroachments upon
the rights of the people ; and that our very liberties depend-
ed upon the diffusion of "wisdom, knowledge, and virtue."
We call upon teachers, parents, and the citizens gener-
ally of this town, to cherish this spirit, and foster all endeav-
ors to advance the cause of education among our youth,
remembering that the education which the State and our
laws require is not narrow and exclusive ; but that it looks
beyond text-books, and urges the love and practice of virtue ;

* Gen. Stat., Ch. 38, Sects. 10 and 11.

that it is diffusive, and embraces intellectual and moral cul-
ture within its ample folds.

Our teachers do much, very much, but we suggest whether
their instruction may not have more scope. Let the school
be a place where a great and earnest work is going forward ;
let it be marked by the healthiness of tone and feeling
which prevails in it ; let there be a constant freshness in the
studies pursued.

It is related of Dr. Arnold, the most successful of modern
teachers, that his great power "resided in this, that he gave
such an earnestness to life, that every pupil was made to feel
that there was a work for him to do, — that his happiness, as
well as his duty, lay in doing that work well. Hence, an in-
describable zest was communicated to a young man's feelings
about life ; a strange joy came over him on discovering that he
had the means of being useful, and thus of being happy ; and a
deep respect and ardent attachment sprang up towards him
who had taught him thus to value life, and his own self, and
his work and mission in this world. ... It was not so
much an enthusiastic admiration for his genius, or learning,
or eloquence, which stirred within them (his pupils), it was a
sympathetic thrill caught from a spirit that was earnestly at
work in the world ; whose work was healthy, sustained and
constantly carried forward in the fear of God, — a work that was
founded on a deep sense of its duty and its value ; and was
coupled with such a true humility, such an unaffected sim-
plicity, that others could not help being invigorated by the
same feeling, and with the belief that they, too, in their
measure, could go and do likewise."

" The idea of a Christian School was to him the natural
result, so to speak, of the very idea of a school in itself ;
exactly as the idea of a Christian State seemed to him to be
involved in the very idea of a State itself."

May not our teachers and pupils draw a lesson from this
most beautiful relation existing between this eminent teacher
and his pupils ? And may they not all more constantly feel

that, to whatever other excellence the scholar may attain, no
education is complete that is not well grounded in virtue,
and that that scholar occupies the highest grade who adorns
his scholarship with the qualities of a Christian gentleman ?
Respectfully, in behalf of the Committee,

HENRY BALDWIN, Chairman.

HENRY BALDWIN, j
J. P. C. WINSHIP, } J30^;
C. H. B. BRECK, v ^ommutee-

Note. — While the Report is going to press, we notice with pleasure
that Mr. Winship, a member of this Board, has introduced into the Senate
the following order, which we hope may result in advantage to the State :

" On motion of Mr. Warren, of Middlesex, ordered that the Committee on
Education be instructed to consider the expediency of providing by law for
a uniformity of text-books, exercises and rules for the schools throughout
the State; of publishing the text-books by the State, and furnishing them
to the schools at cost, and of appointing County Supervisors."

A number of leading gentlemen in educational matters have expressed
pleasure at the action taken, and a wish to be present at the hearing,
which is expected on the 1st day of March.

SCHOOL TERMS.

1. Spring and Summer Term — 20 weeks.
Begins — March 7, 1870.

Vacation — Anniversary Week.
Ends — July 25, 1870.

Vacation — From July 25 to Sept. 5 — 6 weeks.

2. Autumn Term — 12 weeks.
Begins — September 5, 1870.
Ends — November 28, 1870.

Recess — Thanksgiving Day, and rest of the week.

3. Winter Term — 12 weeks.
Begins — November 28, 1870.

Vacation — From Dec. 26, 1870 to Jan. 2, 1871.
Ends — February 27, 1871.

Vacation — From February 27 to March 6, 1871.

HOLIDAYS.

Wednesdays and Saturdays, P. M.

New Year's Day.

Washington's Birthday.

Fast Day, and the two following days.

June Day (1st).

June 17.

July 4.

Commencement at Harvard (High School only).

Thanksgiving.

Christmas.

COURSE OF INSTRUCTION.

PRIMARY SCHOOLS.

THIRD CLASS. — FIRST YEAR.

Alphabet, — Boston Primary School Tablets.
Reading \ — Hillard's First Primary Reader.

Teaching the sound of each letter.
Spelling, — From the Reader and Tablets.
Numbers, — From 1 to 50, with and without objects.
Drawing, — Bartholomew's Drawing Slates and Cards.

SECOND CLASS. — SECOND YEAR.

Reading, — Hillard's First Primary Reader, — completed.

Hillard's Second Primary Reader, — com-
menced.

Marks of Punctuation in Reading Lessons.
Spelling, — From the Reader, with exercises in the sound

of letters and enunciation.
Arithmetic, — Walton's Primary Arithmetic begun the last
term.

Arithmetic by objects and by the use of the
numerical frame.

Counting to 100, with exercises in Addi-
tion, Subtraction, Multiplication, and
Division.

Slate exercises in Drawing, Memorizing
Verses.

FIRST CLASS. THIRD YEAR.

Reader, — Hillard's Second Primary Eeader, — completed.
Spelling, — Worcester's Primary Speller, — to page 49.

Spelling of words in columns and reading

lessons, — also by sound.
Marks of Punctuation.
Arithmetic, — Walton's Primary Arithmetic, — to page
77.

Boston School Tablets.
Singing and Physical Exercises for the whole school.

INTERMEDIATE SCHOOLS.

SECOND CLASS. FIRST YEAR.

Reading, — Hillard's Third Primary Reader, — to the
100th page.

Spelling, — Worcester's Speller, — to page 50.

Spelling of words in columns and in reading.

Difficult words to be spelled by sound.

Abbreviations and Roman Numerals.
Arithmetic, — Walton's Intellectual, — to page 70, and
review.

Geography, — Warren's Primary School, — to the United
States.
Writing on Slates.

FIRST CLASS. SECOND YEAR.

Reader, — Hillard's Third, — completed.

Hillard's Fourth, — last term, to page 80.
Spelling, — Worcester's Speller, — finished.

Spelling from the Reader, and by sound.

4bs

Definitions, questions on punctuation, use of capitals, and
abbreviation.

Arithmetic, — Walton's Intellectual, — to page 90.

" Written, to Addition.
National School Tablets.
Geography, — Warren's Primary, — finished and reviewed.
Writing, — Payson, Dunton, & Scribner's, No. 1.
Drawing Exercises on Slate and Blackboard.
Eepeating Verses and Moral Maxims.
Singing and Gymnastic Exercises.

GEAMMAE SCHOOLS.

As the Grammar Schools differ in their division of classes,
by reason of a greater number of teachers and scholars in one
than in the other, it has been deemed best to state merely
the limits of the exercises, and have the duties of each
teacher especially assigned, and a copy framed in each
recitation room.

COURSE OF FOUR YEARS.

Heading, — Hillard's Fourth Eeader, — completed.

Hillard's Intermediate Eeader.

Hillard's Fifth Eeader.

Hillard's Sixth Eeader, — commenced.
Spelling, — Worcester's Pronouncing Speller.

Exercises to be both oral and written.
Definitions, Abbreviations, and Punctuation marks to be
taught.

Writing, — Payson, Dunton, & Scribner's Writing Books.

Exercises in writing Letters, and Copying
pieces of Poetry and Prose.

Arithmetic, — Greenleaf s Common School, — to Profit
and Loss.
Walton's Intellectual, — finished.
Geography, — Warren's Common School, — completed.

Guyot's Geography, — to be used as a
book of reference, and for exercises by
the teachers.
Grammar, — Kerl's First Lessons, — to Syntax.
History, — Anderson's Grammar School, — to Washing-
ton's Administration.

Singing every day.

Composition and Declamation, once a fortnight.
General and Physical Exercises.

HIGH SCHOOL.

GENERAL COURSE.

FIRST YEAR.

First Term. — Arithmetic and Book-keeping.

Grammar, Syntactical Parsing, and Analy-
sis of Sentences, and Exercises in cor-
recting false Syntax.
Modern History, Composition, Eeading,
Latin or French, — Drawing.
Second Term. — Algebra, Modern History, Composition,
Eeading, Latin or French, Drawing.
Third Term. — Algebra, Ancient History, Physiology,
Reading, Latin or French, Drawing.

SECOND YEAR.

First Term. — Algebra, Natural Philosophy, English Lit-
erature, and Khetoric, Latin or French,
Drawing.

Second Term. — Algebra, Natural Philosophy, English Lit-
erature and Rhetoric, Latin or French,
Drawing.

Third Term. — Geometry, Natural Philosophy, English Lit-
erature, and Rhetoric, Latin or French,
Drawing.

THIRD YEAR.

First Term. — Trigonometry, Physical Geography, Chemis-
try, Latin or French, Drawing.
Second Term. — Trigonometry, Physical Geography, Chem-
istry, Latin or French, Drawing.
Third Term. — Physical Geography, Natural History, Moral
Philosophy, Latin or French, Drawing.

FOURTH YEAR.

First Term. — Astronomy, Mental Philosophy, Geology,

Latin or French, Drawing.
Second Term. — Astronomy, Mental Philosophy, Geology,

Latin or French, Drawing.
Third Term. — Botany, Mental Philosophy, Constitution of

United States, Latin or French, General

Review of Studies.

Compositions, and Exercises in Writing Letters, Decla-
mations and Singing throughout the course.

CLASSICAL COURSE.

FIRST YEAE.

First Term. — Arithmetic, Latin Lessons and Grammar.
Second Term. — Algebra, Latin Lessons and Grammar, An-
cient History.

Third Term. — Algebra, Latin Grammar and Reader, An-
cient History.

SECOND YEAE.

First Term. — Algebra, Latin Grammar, Caesar, Greek
Lessons.

Second Term. — Algebra, Greek Lessons, Caesar, Latin
Composition.

Third Term, — Latin Composition, Caesar, Xenophon, Ge-
ometry, Greek Grammar.

THIED YEAE.

First Term. — ^ Latin and Greek Composition, Cicero, Xeno-
phon.

Second Term. — Latin and Greek Composition, Cicero,
Xenophon.

Third Term. — Latin and Greek Composition, Cicero, Xeno-
phon.

FOUETH YEAE.

First Term. — Latin and Greek Composition, Virgil, Homer.
Second Term. — Latin and Greek Composition, Virgil,
Homer.

Third Term. — Latin and Greek Composition, Virgil,
Homer.

Compositions, Declamations, and Singing throughout the
course.

RULES OF THE BOARD OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE.

ADOPTED 1870.

I. ADMISSION AND TRANSFER OF PUPILS.
1. Age.

No child under five years of age shall be admitted as a
scholar.

2. Transfer of Pupils.

1. Pupils shall be transferred from one grade of schools
to the next higher grade, annually, at the beginning of the
school year, after passing satisfactory examination before the
School Committee, on the entire course of study, to the
point at which the candidate seeks to enter.

2. For the transfer from the Primary to the Grammar
Schools, the ordinary examination at the end of the school
year shall be sufficient in the cases of those scholars whose
examination the School Committee may deem satisfactory,
and who may appear creditably on the Registers of the
Schools and in the Reports of the Teachers.

3. For transfer from the Grammar Schools to the High
School, seventy per cent, of correct answers shall be required
of those examined. This percentage shall be deemed indis-
pensable in spelling, arithmetic, and grammar ; while in all
other branches of study, scholars whose percentage is not

below fifty per cent, may be conditionally transferred by the
School Committee.

Absences, etc.

Any pupil who shall lose fifty lessons, in any one term, by
absence, dismission, or any other way, or whose total aver-
age scholarship shall fall below three on a scale of five, shall
forfeit his connection with his class. Whenever any pupil is
becoming liable to the action of this rule, the teacher shall
notify his parent or guardian, and if no material improve-
ment is made thereafter, he shall be transferred to the next
lower grade.

Special Admissions and Promotions.

Children who may become residents of the town after the
beginning of the school year may be admitted as scholars ; or
those in schools of lower grade, whom it may be deemed
desirable to promote, may be promoted at any time, on ex-
amination by the School Committee, if they are found quali-
fied to join any class existing in the schools to which such
promotion would raise them.

II. ATTENDANCE.

1. Attendance at the Daily Sessions.

When the absences of any scholar exceed in number ten
half days in any term of school, such scholar shall be con-
sidered as having resigned membership in the school, and
shall be readmitted only by order of some member of the
School Committee.

Proviso for the Preceding Rule.

The teacher, on personal knowledge, or satisfactory evi-
dence, that a scholar's absences are occasioned by sickness,

or other just cause, may, at discretion, suspend the operation
of the preceding rule. But, in case of ten unexcused ab-
sences, the rule as above shall always take effect.

Attendance at the Examinations.

Any scholar, absent from examination at the close of any
term of school, shall, if required, pass a similar examination
before one or more of the School Committee, previous to his
resuming his attendance in the schools.

III. DISCIPLINE.

1. The pupils shall be taught good morals and good man-
ners ; and particular attention shall be paid to correctness of
deportment, and neatness of appearance.

2. It shall be the duty of the teachers to maintain a kind
and parental discipline in the schools. They shall keep a
record of all cases of corporal or other equally severe punish-
ment, for the inspection of the School Committee.

IV. REGISTERS.
The teachers shall keep registers as follows : —

1. The Register of Attendance.

On this register shall appear the full name, and age, and
number of each scholar, with the record of his or her attend-
ance on each half-day session of school. This Eegister shall
be kept according to the plan and upon the blank forms sup-
plied by the State Board of Education.

2. Register of Deportment.

On this register shall be entered every noted fault in de-
portment, and, as an offset, any notable feature of good be-
havior, constancy, or excellence as a scholar ; that the whole
may be summed up by the end of the term, for the inspection
of the School Committee.

1. In the High School and Grammar Schools. — Each
principal or his assistants shall record the recitations of each
pupil according to their merit, crediting them from one to five,
according to their ability, for each recitation.

To simplify the mode, each scholar may register, in a little
book provided, the number of credits gained, and report to
the teacher each day the number he or she is entitled to,
th at return only to be entered in the register kept by the
teacher.

2. In the Primary Schools. — In the Primary Schools
each recitation is not marked separately, but one number
represents all the recitations or other exercises of study for
the half-day session.

Summation of the Registers.

At the close of each term of school a summation shall be
made, for the inspection of the School Committee, of all the
credits or demerits which each scholar has received on each
of the other registers separately.

The Committee will make due mention of extraordinary
attainments or deficiencies, as shown by the summations of
each scholar.

5bs

V. DUTIES OF TEACHERS.

TEACHERS TO OBSERVE ALL THE SCHOOL REGULATIONS.

All teachers in the public schools are required to make
themselves familiar with the provisions of these regulations.

SCHEDULE.

It shall be the duty of each teacher to have in readiness
for the inspection of the Committee, at each examination, a
perfect schedule of the studies pursued by each class during
the preceding term.

CARE OF SCHOOL-HOUSES.

It shall be the duty of the instructors to exercise suitable
care with regard to the school-houses and the appurtenances
of the same, and to report such repairs as may be required
to the Committee.

TRUANCY.

Teachers, having charge of pupils who are habitually
truant, shall report their names and residences, and the
names of their parents, or guardians, to the truant officers.

VACCINATION.

No pupil shall be admitted into the public schools without
a certificate from a physician that he or she has been vacci-
nated.

SCHOLARS TO BE SUPPLIED WITH BOOKS.

Every scholar shall be furnished with all the books used
by the class to which he or she belongs. If children are

unable to obtain books, through the poverty or negligence
of their parents or guardians, they shall be supplied by the
teachers, according to General Statutes, ch. 38, sects. 30,
31, who shall return quarterly to the Committee the names of
the books, their price, and the names of the scholars and
their parents, or guardians, in order that the returns may be
made to the assessors, as provided and required.

SCHOOLS UNDER CHARGE OF THE PRINCIPALS.

To secure uniformity and efficiency in the management
of the schools, they are committed to the charge of the prin-
cipals ; and they, under the direction of the sub-committees,
shall hold the assistant teachers responsible for the faithful
execution of their plans and wishes.

BOOKS BELONGING TO THE TOWN.

Whenever books are purchased for the schools, or poor
children, the teacher shall write upon one of the blank leaves
these words : " The property of the Town of Brighton. For
school."

VISITING OTHER SCHOOLS.

The teacher shall, occasionally, under the direction of the
Committee, visit other schools, to observe the discipline and
instruction of the same.

TEACHERS REQUIRED TO BE AT THEIR SCHOOL— ROOMS EARLY.

All the teachers and assistants in the public schools are
required to be at their respective school-rooms ten minutes
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COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS.

MIDDLESEX, SS.

To Benjamin Fobes, Constable of the Town of Brighton,

GREETING : —

You are hereby required to notify and warn the inhabitants of
the Town of Brighton qualified to vote in town affairs, to meet at
the Town Hall in said Brighton on Monday the fourteenth day of
March next, at one o'clock in the afternoon, then and there to act
on the following articles, namely : —

Article One. To choose a Moderator.

Article Tivo. To choose all necessary town officers for the jTear
ensuing, and a member or members of the Board of General
School Committee, as required by law.

Article Three. To receive and hear the reports of the Auditors
and other town officers, and act thereon.

Article Four. To determine the manner of repairing the high-
ways for the year ensuing.

Article Five. To raise such sums of money as may be necessary
to defray town charges the ensuing year, and make the necessary
appropriations.

Article Six. To see what compensation the town will pay its
Treasurer, Selectmen, Clerk, Engineers, and any other town officers
for their services the past year.

Article /Seven. To see if the town will authorize their Collector
to use all means of collecting the taxes which a Town Treasurer
when appointed Collector may use.

Article Eight. To see if the town will abate the balance of taxes
($287.41) clue from B. S. Fiske, on account of assessments of
18G7 and 1868.

Article Nine. To see if the town will accept the widening of
Cambridge Street between Washington and North Beacon Streets,

as laid out by the Selectmen, and raise and appropriate a suffi-
cient sum of money therefor.

Article Ten. To see if the town will alter the Harvard Gram-
mar School Building, in order to accommodate a greater number
of scholars, and raise and appropriate the necessary sum therefor.

Article Eleven. To see if the town will finish the second story
of Primary School Building Number Six, and raise and appro-
priate the necessary sum therefor.

Article Twelve. To see if the town will cause suitable measures
to be taken for the drainage of Washington Street, between the
Eastern Market Hotel and Foster Street.

Article Thirteen. To see if the town will assume the care of the
roadway and sidewalks leading from Washington Street to the
Bennett Grammar School Building.

Article Fourteen. To see if the town will take any action in re-
lation to the purchase of a lot of land and the erection of a suita-
ble building thereon for the Public Library, and make the neces-
saiy appropriation therefor.

Article Fifteen. To see what action, if any, the town will take
in relation to the location of the track of the Union Horse Rail-
way Company in said town.

Article Sixteen. To see what action, if anj^, the town will take
in regard to the discontinuance of the Burial Ground on Market
Street, as a place of interment.

Article Seventeen. To see if the town will purchase an iron
roller for the use of the highways, and appropriate the necessary
sum therefor.

Article Eighteen. To hear the report of any committee and act
thereon.

Hereof fail not and make due return of this warrant, with your
doings thereon, to the Town Clerk, at the time and place of meet-
ing aforesaid.

Given under our hands and seal this twenty-eighth da}T of Feb-
ruary, A. D. 1870.

W. D. BICKFORD, \ Selectmen
B. F. PIERCE, \ of
H. W. BAXTER, ) Brighton.

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Full text of "Official reports of the town of Brighton for the year ending .."

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