THEOLD HALLS
J
Or v
HIRE
LOUIS AMBLER
. presentefc to
Sbe Xtbrarp
of tbe
THnt\>er0(ts of Toronto
jfranfc
3LX.., 3f.1R
THE OLD HALLS
MANOR HOUSES
OF YORKSHIRE
FOUNTAINS HALL, NEAR RIPON
THE OLD HALLS
& MANOR HOUSES
OF YORKSHIRE
With Some Examples of Other Houses
BUILT BEFORE THE YEAR 1700
BY
LOUIS AMBLER F.R.I.B.A.
ARCHITECT
Illustrated by 91 Plates from photographs specially
taken by HORACE DAN, Architect, and others,
with 20 Plates of Measured Drawings and numerous
Illustrations in the text
LONDON
B. T. BATSFORD, 94 HIGH HOLBORN
NA
762/1
7/7
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
Sir GEORGE JOHN ARMYTAGE, Bart., D.L.,
F.S.A.
Admiral Sir GEORGE ATKINSON-WJLLES,
K.C.B.
The ARCHITECTURAL ASSOCIATION, London,
per F. R. YERBURY, Esq., Secretary.
The ARCHITECTURAL BOOK CLUB ZINGARI,
per R. PHENE SPIERS, Esq., F.S.A., Hon.
Secretary.
EDWARD ACKROYD, Esq., Bedale.
ALFRED ADAM, Esq., London.
PETER ADAM, Esq., Kidderminster.
F. ARNOLD ADDEY, Esq., Wragby.
Miss ADDY, Louth.
G. AI.DERSON-SMITH, Esq., D.L., J.P.,
Scarborough
H. P. AMBLER, Esq., Manningham.
JOHN AMBLER, Esq., Baildon.
J. NORMAN AMBLER, Esq., Bradford.
S. AMBLER, Esq., Harrogate.
SYDNEY W. AMBLER, Esq., Maltby.
THOMAS AMBLER, Esq., Leeds.
Miss V. E. AMBLER, Halifax.
FREDERICK ANDREWS, Esq., B.A., J.P.,
Pontefract.
WILLIAM APPLEYARD, Esq., F.R.C.S.,
M.B., Bradford.
MRS. GEORGE ARMITAGE, Manningham.
G. P. ARMITAGE, Esq., Kirkburton.
H. R. ARMITACE, Esq., Walton Lea,
Warrington.
Miss L. ARMITACE, Swanagc.
N. C. ARMITACE, Esq., Claygate.
The ARMY AND . NAVY CO-OPERATIVE
SOCIETY LTD. (Book Dept.), London.
Messrs. ASHER & Co., Booksellers, London.
The Revd. GEORGE E. ASPINALL,
M.A.(Oxon.), J.P., Southowram.
G. W. ATKINSON, Esq., M.S. A., Leeds.
J. ATKINSON-JOWETT, Esq., Bradford.
W. H. AYKROYD, Esq., J.P., Lightcliffe.
ORMROD MAXWELL AYRTON, Esq.,
A.R.I. B.A., London.
WILLIAM AYRTON, Esq., Liverpool.
Sir HUGH BELL, Bart., LL.D., D.L., J.P.,
F.S.A. (Two copies.)
The BOLTON PUBLIC LIBRARIES, per
ARCHIBALD SPARKE, Esq., F.R.S.L.,
Librarian.
THE BRADFORD LIBRARY AND LITERARY
SOCIETY, per Miss RHODES, Librarian.
The BRADFORD MECHANICS' INSTITUTE
LIBRARY.
The BRADFORD PUBLIC FREE LIBRARIES
AND ART MUSEUM, per BUTLER WOOD,
Esq., Librarian and Director.
FRANCIS JOSEPH BAILDON, Esq., M.B.,
C.M., Southport.
W. PALEY BAILDON, Esq., F.S.A., London.
Mr. JAMES BAIN, Bookseller, London.
JAMES BAIRSTOW, Esq., J.P., Cross Hills.
REGINALD BALDWIN, Esq., Brough.
Mr. C. H. BARBER, Bookseller, Manchester.
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
Mrs. BARRACLOUGH, South Lowestoft.
JOHN MARSHALL BARWICK, Esq., M.A.,
Yeadon.
R. J. H. BEANLAND, Esq., Emley.
W. GEDNEY BEATTY, Esq., London.
J. NEWTON BEAUMONT, Esq., Lockwood.
J. E. BEDFORD, Esq., Headingley.
GEORGE LORD BEEFORTH, Esq., F.S.A.,
J.P., D.L., Scarborough.
W. H. BEEVERS, Esq., A.R.I.B.A., Leeds.
J. BENN, Esq., Burley-in-Wharfedale.
WILLIAM BETHELL, Esq., J.P., Hull.
N. A. BLACKBURN, Esq., Dewsbury.
Mr. B. H. BLACKWELL, Bookseller, Oxford.
JOSEPH BLAMIRES, Esq., J.P., Hudders-
field.
Mrs. ROBINS BOLITHO, Heamoor.
Messrs. BOOTS LTD. (Book Dept.), Sheffield.
ISAIAH BOURDAS, Esq., London.
Captain E. T. C. BOWER, J.P., London.
CHARLES W. BOWLES, Esq., London.
G. F. BOWMAN, Esq., Leeds.
FREDERICK BRADBURY, Esq., Sheffield.
WALTER H. BRIERLEY, Esq., F.S.A.,
F.R.I.B.A., York. (Three copies.)
JOHN J. BRIGG, Esq., M.A., LL.M.,
Keighley.
WILLIAM ANDERSON BRIGG, M.A., LL.M.,
Keighley.
CHARLES BRINDLEY, Esq., London.
F. E. BRISTOWE, Esq., London.
ARTHUR J. BROOK, Esq., Edgerton.
JOHN A. BROOKE, Esq., J.P., Huddersfield.
Messrs. A. BROWN AND SONS LTD., Book-
sellers, Hull.
R. J. BROWN, Esq., Sheffield.
W. TALBOT BROWN, Esq., F.R.I.B.A.,
Wellingborough.
Messrs. J. AND E. BUMPUS LTD., Book-
sellers, London.
MICHAEL BUNNEY, Esq., A.R.I.B.A.,
London.
Mrs. BURROWS, Boldre.
Miss BYRNE, Brighouse.
The Right Hon. ROSALIND, COUNTESS OF
CARLISLE.
The Right Hon. Lord HENRY CAVENDISH-
BENTINCK, M.P.
Lady COWELL, Bedale.
JAMES T. CACKETT, Esq., F.R.I.B.A.,
Newcastle-on-Tyne.
The CAPTAIN KETTLE FILMS, LTD.,
Bradford.
Professor J. W. CARR, M.A., Nottingham.
Mrs. J. HALLIDAY CAVE, London.
S. J. CHADWICK, Esq., F.S.A., Dewsbury.
JOHN E. CHAMPNEY, Esq., J.P., London.
JOHN CHARLTON, Esq., London.
Professor G. F. CHARNOCK, M.I.C.E.,
M.I.Mech.E., Bradford.
H. S. CHILDE, Esq., J.P., Barwick-in-
Elmet.
JAMES CHIPPINDALE, Esq., J.P., Harrogate.
GODFREY L. CLARKE, Esq., M.S.A.,
Keighley.
EDGAR A. CLOUGH, Esq., Wimbledon.
JOHN CLOUGH, Esq., J.P., Keighley.
JOHN COATES, Esq., London.
WILLIAM COCKROFT, Esq., Birkby.
OGDEN CODMAN, Esq., Paris.
SKELTON COLE, Esq., London.
Messrs. COLLCUTT, HAMP & TILDEN,
London.
MARCUS EVELYN COLLINS, Esq., F.R.I.B.A.,
London.
Messrs. J. E. CORNISH, LTD., Booksellers,
Manchester.
Messrs. CORNISH BROS., Booksellers,
Birmingham.
Mr. F. C. COOKE, Bookseller, Halifax.
The Revd. ALFRED THOMAS COORK,
M.A.(Cantab.), J.P., Bedale.
REGINALD CORY, Esq., Duffryn.
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
111
ROWLAND L. Cox, Esq., A. R.I. B. A.,
London.
G. L. CRAIG, Esq., Huddersfield.
THOS. PEARSON CROSLAND, Esq., J.P.,
Huddersfield.
Mrs. CROSSLEY, Hebden Bridge.
GERALD B. CROSSLEY, Esq., Hindhead.
ELON CROWTHER, Esq., J.P., Brockholes.
NORMAN CULLEY, Esq., A.R.I. B. A.,
Huddersfield.
PERCIVALL CURREY, Esq., F.R.I. B. A.,
F.S.I., London.
His Highness Prince FREDERICK DULEEP
SINGH, M.V.O. M.A.,
The Right Hon. Lord DERAMORE, D.L.,
J.P.
FRANK DARLING, Esq., Toronto.
FRANCIS DARWIN, Esq., M.A.(Cantab.),
D.L., J.P., Leeds.
HENRY DEARDEN, Esq., A.R.I.B.A,
A.M.I.C.E., Dewsbury.
R. M. DEIGHTON, Esq., J.P., Milnthorpe.
T. H. DEWHURST, Esq., J.P., Skipton.
R. BURNS DICK, Esq., F.R.I. B.A.,
Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Messrs. AITKEN DOTT AND SON, Book-
sellers, Edinburgh.
GEORGE DOUGLAS, Esq., Addingham.
J. HASTINGS DUNCAN, Esq., M.P., Otley.
JOHN DUNN, Esq., F.R.I.B.A., London.
G. DYSON, Esq., Honlcy.
REGINALD J. DYSON, Esq., Kirkburton.
ROBERT DYSON, Esq., J.P., Rotherham.
T. E. ECCLES, Esq., F.R.I.B.A., Liverpool.
Miss EDELSTEIN, Bradford.
The Revd. Professor HENRY EI.I.ERSIIAW,
M.A., Durham.
R. KI.I.IOTT-COOPER, Esq., London.
Mrs. M. A. ELLISON, Baildon.
T. T. EMPSALL, Esq., Bradford.
The Rt. Hon. Lady FURNESS.
Sir GEORGE H. FISHER-SMITH, J.P.
CHARLES H. FARRER, Esq., J.P. York.
W. FARRER, Esq., Hon.D.Litt., Carnforth.
JOHN E. FAWCETT, Esq., J.P., Apperlcy
Bridge.
Mr. and Mrs. WALTER FEN NELL, Ripon.
IVOR A. B. FERGUSON, Esq., London.
GUY F. FERRAND, Esq., Alton.
W. FERRAND, Esq., D.L., J.P., Bingley.
Mrs. FIELDEN, Tadcaster.
EDWIN G. FIRTH, Esq., Baildon.
EDWARD FISHER, Esq., J.P., Gilling East.
SHARPLES FISHER, Esq., J.P., Meltham.
BANISTER F. FLETCHER, Esq., F.R.I.B.A.,
London.
HENRY L. FLORENCE, Esq., F.R.I.B.A.,
London.
JOHN W. FORD, Esq., F.S.A., J.P., Shalford.
HORACE E. FOSTER, Esq., Malton.
JOHN FOSTER, Esq., Settle.
J. KENNETH FOSTER, Esq., M.P., J.P.,
Egton-in-Cleveland.
R. LIONEL FOSTER, Esq., Qucensbury.
(Two copies.)
CHARLES J. Fox, Esq., Halifax.
Mr. W. E. FRANKLIN, Bookseller,
Newcastle-on-Tyne.
P. B. FREEMAN, Esq., London.
T. WILFRID FRY, Esq., B.A.(Oxon.),
F.S.A., J.P., Darlington. (Two copies.)
Captain C. T. M. FULLER, R.N.,
Kirbymoorside.
The Right Hon. Lord GRIMTHORPE.
Sir ERNEST GEORGE, A.R.A., and A. B.
YEATES, Esq., London.
Sir ARTHUR GODWIN, J.P., Bradford.
LEONARD GAUNT, Esq., I, coils.
Mrs. GELDARD, Settle.
The MITCHELL LIBRARY, Glasgow, per
F. T. BARRETT, Esq., LL.D., Librarian.
IV
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
EDWARD M. GIBBS, Esq., F.R.I.B.A., J.P.,
Sheffield.
F. V. GILL, Esq., Bradford.
J. W. GLENDINNINC, Esq., Huddersfield.
J. ALFRED GOTCH, Esq., F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A.,
Kettering.
Messrs. OWEN GRANT, Ltd., London.
FRANK GREEN, Esq., F.S.A., York.
Miss GREENWOOD, Bedale.
HUBERT J. GREENWOOD, Esq., J.P., L.C.C.
F.S A., London.
The Revd. Canon SYDNEY GREENWOOD,
M.A. (Cantab.), Tadcaster.
The Right Hon. Viscount HALIFAX,
M.A. (Oxon.), F.S.A.
H.M. COMMISSIONERS OF WORKS AND
PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
The HALIFAX PUBLIC LIBRARIES, per
EDWARD GREEN, Esq., Librarian.
The HALIFAX ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY, per
S. H. HAMER, Esq., Hon. Sec.
The HARROGATE PUBLIC LIBRARY, per
GEO. W. BYERS, Esq., Librarian.
The HUDDERSFIELD PUBLIC LIBRARY per
FREDK. C. COLE, Esq., Librarian.
The HULL PUBLIC LIBRARIES, per W.
F. LAWTON, Esq., Librarian.
FRED. W. HADWEN, Esq., Triangle.
NOEL W. HADWEN, Esq., Triangle.
CHARLES HALL, Esq., Kirkburton.
WM. HALSTEAD, Esq., J.P., Bradford.
S. H. HAMER, Esq., Halifax.
WILLIAM S. HANNAM, Esq., Burley-in-
Wharfedale.
GEORGE HANSON, Esq., A.R.I. B.A., Halifax.
Messrs. HARRISON AND SONS, London.
THOMAS HARTLEY, Esq., J.P., Snaith.
Mrs. FRANK HATCHARD, Hillthorpc.
Messrs. HATCHARDS, London.
Mrs. C. J. HAWORTH, Nantwich.
DICBY HAWORTH-BOOTH, Esq., London.
H. B. R. HAYNE, Esq., London.
J. T. HEMINGWAY, Esq., Ilkley,
C. HERBERT-SMITH, Esq., LL.D., London.
EDWARD DICBY HILDYARD, Esq., London.
REGINALD HIRST, Esq., Kirkburton.
T. J. HIRST, Esq., J.P., Huddersfield.
W. H. ST. JOHN HOPE, Esq., Litt.D.,
D.C.L., M.A., London.
P. MORLEY HORDER, Esq., F.R.I.B.A.,
London.
J. FLETCHER HORNE, Esq., M.D., D.Sc.,
F.R.S.E., J.P., Barnsley.
Mrs. DE HORNE, London.
EDWARD SYDNEY HORTON, Esq., Kirby-
moorside.
The Revd. C. H. BICKERTON HUDSON,
M.A.(Oxon.), Holy Rood, St. Giles.
Mr. E. F. HUDSON, Bookseller,
Birmingham.
JOHN HUDSON, Esq., Saltburn-by-Sea.
JOSEPH D. HUGHES, Esq., Manchester.
A. E. HUMPHREYS-OWEN, Esq.,
B.A.(Cantab-), J.P., Berriew, Mont.
W. SLINGSBY HUNTER, Esq., D.L., J.P.,
Gilling Castle.
T. C. HUTCHINSON, Esq., J.P., Saltburn-by-
Sea.
Mrs. ALFRED ILLINGWORTH, Bradford.
(Seven copies.)
HARRY H. ILLINGWORTH, Esq., Brompton.
PERCY H. ILLINCWORTH, Esq., M.P.,
M.A.(Cantab.), Bradford.
Mrs. IRWELL, London.
Mr. RICHARD JACKSON, Bookseller, Leeds.
W. GEOFFREY JACKSON. Esq., Boston Spa.
B. S. JACOBS, Esq., F.R.I.B.A., Hull.
ARTHUR J. JAMES, Esq., J.P., Circnccstcr.
J. MANSELL JENKINSON, Esq., Sheffield.
The Revd. T. E. JOHNSON, Doncaster.
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
Mrs. ANNIE JONES (Mrs. Francis Currer
Jones), Daughter of the late James
Taylor, Esq., J.P., of Todmorden Hall,
York.
Messrs JONES & EVANS' BOOKSHOP LTD.,
London.
W. K. KAYE, Esq., M.I.Mech.E., Head-
ingley, Leeds.
CHARLES W. KEIGHLEY, Esq., J.P., Dalton.
SIDNEY KELLETT, Esq., J.P., Ilkley.
HUGH P. KENDALL, Esq., Sowerby Bridge.
RICHARD KERSHAW, Esq., Halifax.
THOMAS KERSHAW, Esq., Lightcliffe.
ALBERT E. KIRK, Esq., A. R.I. B. A.,
Leeds.
HENRY KIRKPATRICK, Esq., J.P., Tyldesley.
SYDNEY D. KITSON, Esq., M. A. (Cantab.),
. F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A., Leeds.
ALBERT KREGLINGER, Esq., Antwerp.
Sir WILLIAM H. LEVER, Bart.
Colonel the Hon. OSBERT LUMLEY, York.
The LEEDS AND YORKSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL
SOCIETY, per G. J. COOMBS, Esq.,
A.R.C.A., Hon. Librarian.
The LEEDS PUBLIC LIBRARIES, per T. W.
HAND, Esq., City Librarian.
The UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, per M. E.
SADLER, Esq., C.B., M.A., LL.D., Vicc-
Chancellor.
W. R. LAMB, Esq., J.P., Knaresborough.
Messrs. LAMLEY&Co.,Booksellers, London.
WALTER LANGTON, Esq., J.P., Tunbridge
Wells.
EDWARD LAW, Esq., M.D., London.
JAMES LEDINCHAM, Esq., F.R.I.B.A.,
Bradford.
PHILIP H. LEE, Esq., Huddersfield.
J. B. LEIGH, Esq., D.L., Bicester.
ASIA LINGARD, Esq., Bingley.
THE LIVERPOOL BON MARCHE (Book Dept.).
NATHANIEL LLOYD, Esq., Northiam.
J. PARKER LOCKWOOD, Esq., L.R.C.P.Lond.
Ret., J.P., Faringdon.
Mrs. W. H. B. LONG, Norwich.
G. D. LUMB, Esq., F.S.A., Leeds.
J. LUMB, Esq., J.P., Huddersfield.
FREDERICK JAMES LUND, Esq., J.P.,
Aberford.
R. W. LUND, Esq., York.
The JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARY, Manchester,
per HENRY GUP PY, Esq., M.A.,Librarian.
The MANCHESTER PUBLIC LIBRARIES, per
C. W. SUTTON, Esq., M.A., Librarian.
Miss EDITH G. MACKIE, Wakefield.
SAMUEL JEFFERY McKEE, Esq., London.
GEORGE A. MACMILLAN, Esq., Hon.
D.Litt. (Oxon.), J.P., Danby.
A. S. McCREA, Esq., J.P., Halifax.
J. McWiLLiAM, Esq., Edinburgh.
Messrs. MAPLE & Co. LTD., London, per
FRANK STUART MURRAY, Esq.
T. P. MARWICK, Esq., A.R.I.B.A.,
Edinburgh.
Messrs. MATTHEWS AND BROOKE, Book-
sellers, Bradford.
Colonel. F. N. MAUDE, C.B., late R.E.
Messrs. MAWSON, SWAN AND MORGAN, LTD.,
Booksellers, Newcastle-on-Tync.
GEORGE W. MELLOR, Esq., London.
J. R. MELLOR, Esq., J.P., Holmfirth.
GEORGE METCALFE, Esq., Teddington.
FRANCIS MEYNELL, Esq., J.P., Hoar Cross,
Burton-on-Trcnt.
STEPHEN MIALL, Esq., LL.D., B.Sc.,
London.
Miss MIDDLEWOOD, York.
Mr. JAMES MILES, Bookseller, Leeds.
G. MlLNER-GlBSON-CuLLUM, Esq., M.A.,
F.S.A., J.P., Bury St. Edmunds.
CHARLES E. MILNES, Esq. (Messrs. MILNES
. AND FRANCE), Bradford.
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
FRED. MITCHELL, Esq., Leeds.
Major HENRY MITCHELL, J.P., Maidstonc.
HAROLD CHARLES MOFFATT, Esq., M.A.
(Oxon), D.L., J.P., Salisbury. (Two
copies.)
F. D. MOORE, Esq., Burley-in-Wharfedale.
J. W. MORKILL, Esq., M.A.(Oxon.), J.P.,
Bell Busk.
GEORGE H. MORRELL, Esq., Leeds.
W. MORRISON, Esq., J.P., London.
Mr. E. MORTIMER, Bookseller, Halifax.
W. J. MOSCROP, Esq., F.R.I.B.A.,
Darlington.
Messrs. W. MULLAN AND SON, Belfast.
The Rev. The Most Honble. the MARQUIS
OF NORMANBY, M.A., D.L., J.P.
The NORTH RIDING COUNTY LIBRARY,
Northallerton.
The CITY OF NOTTINGHAM SCHOOL OF
ART AND DESIGN, per JOSEPH HARRISON,
Esq., A.R.C.A., Principal.
B. NATHAN, Esq., Bradford.
Captain J. C. NEVILE, Doncaster.
THOMAS NEVIN, Esq., Mirfield.
ERNEST NEWTON, Esq., A.R.A., F.R.I. B.A.,
London.
M. NICHOLSON, Esq., Leeds.
G. P. NORTON, Esq., Huddersfield.
THOMAS NORTON, Esq., D.L., J.P.,
Huddersfield.
Mrs. GATES, Gestingthorpe Hall, Essex.
G. H. OATLEY, Esq., F.R.I.B.A., Bristol.
JAMES ODDY, Esq., Birkenshaw.
JOHN JAMES ODDY, Esq., Birkenshaw.
Mrs. FRENE OLGOOD, Guilsborough.
G. F. ORMEROD, Esq., Elland.
HANSON ORMEROD, Esq., Brighouse.
WILLIAM ORMEROD, Esq., J.P., Luddenden
Foot.
SECAR OWEN, Esq., F.R.I. B.A., Warrington.
The Right Hon. The EARL OF PLYMOUTH,
C.B., D.L., J.P.
ELLA, LADY PEEL.
LADY POWELL, Bradford.
Sir WILLIAM E. B. PRIESTLEY, M.P., J.P.,
H. A. PALEY, Esq., A.R.I.B.A., Lancaster.
Messrs. PALMER, HOWE & Co., Booksellers,
Manchester.
Mr. GEORGE PARKER, Bookseller, Ripon.
Colonel JOHN W. R. PARKER, C.B., J.P.,
F.S.A., Clitheroe.
G. HERBERT PEAKE, Esq., M.A.,
LL.B.(Cantab-), J.P., Bawtry Hall.
Mrs. HERBERT PEAKE, Bawtry Hall.
F. S. PEARSON, Esq., Kingston Hill.
Mrs. EDWARD PENTON, London. (Two
copies.)
EDWIN C. PINKS, Esq., London.
A. TEMPEST POLLARD, Esq., M.A., London.
ANDREW N. PRENTICE, Esq., F.R.I. B.A.,
London.
L. L. PRICE, Esq., M.A., Oxford.
WILFRID ROKEBY PRICE, Esq., Weybridge.
R. H. PRIOR-WANDESFORDE, Esq., Castle-
cower, Ireland.
RICHARD PROCTER, Esq., Worston.
Mr. BERNARD QUARITCH, Bookseller,
London.
The Right Hon. CASSANDRA, COUNTESS OF
ROSSE.
The Right Hon. Lady ROTHERHAM.
Sir JOHN WM. RAMSDEN, Bart., M.A.,
D.L., J.P.
Sir JAMES RECKITT, Bart., D.L., J.P.
The ROCHDALE PUBLIC LIBRARIES, per
R. J. GORDON, Esq., Librarian.
The ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHI-
TECTS, per RUDOLF DIRCKS, Esq.,
Librarian.
R. RAMSDEN, Esq., Huddersfield.
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
vn
Lieut-Colonel W. J. F. RAMSDEN, J.P.,
Pontcfract.
Mrs. J. SELWYN RAWSON, Sowerby Bridge.
Messrs. HUGH REES LTD., Booksellers,
London.
Captain F. H. REYNARD, J.P., Camp Hill.
Messrs. A. E. RICHARDSON, F.R.I.B.A.,
AND C. LOVETT GILL, A.R.I. B.A.,
London.
Mrs. RILEY, Mytholmroyd.
Messrs. JAMES RIMELL & SON, Booksellers,
London.
Messrs. GEORGE ROBERTSON & Co. PROPRIE-
TARY LTD. (Australia), Booksellers.
ARTHUR ROBINSON, Esq., Bradford.
Miss ROUGHSEDCE, Hoylake.
The Lady ALICE SHAW-STEWART.
The ROYAL MUSEUM AND LIBRARY, Salford,
per BEN. H. MULLEN, Esq., Librarian.
The SHEFFIELD SOCIETY OF ARCHITECTS,
per J. R. WIGFULL, Esq., Hon. Secretary.
The UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, per A. P.
HUNT, Esq., Librarian.
Jos. SACAR, Esq., Halifax.
ERNEST SALAMAN, Esq., London.
Mr. H. B. SAXTON, Bookseller,
Nottingham.
W. H. ST. QUINTIN, Esq., D.L., J.P., York.
R. WEIR SCHULTZ, Esq., London.
Messrs. C. F. SCHULZ & Co., Plauen,
Germany.
Messrs. OTTO SCHULZE & Co., Booksellers,
Edinburgh.
JOHN SCOTT, Esq., Ilkley.
J. HENRY SELLERS, Esq., Manchester.
GEORGE W. SHAW, Esq., Huddersfield.
W. DALE SHAW, Esq., J.P., Huddersfield.
WALTER R. SHAW-STEWART, Esq., J.P.
Shaftesbury.
PENN C. SHERBROOKE, Esq., J.P., Kirby
Moorside.
B. PRIESTLEY SHIRES, Esq., F.R.I.B.A.,
Plymouth.
Lieut. -Colonel F. G. SHORTLAND, Newton
Abbot.
W. H. SIKES, Esq., Almondbury.
Colonel E. SIMPSON, Stirling.
E. SIMPSON, Esq., Manningham.
JOHN W. SIMPSON, Esq., F.R.I.B.A.,
London.
JONATHAN SIMPSON, Esq., F.R.I.B.A.,
Bolton.
H. SUTCLIFFE SMITH, Esq., Baildon.
Mrs. PRINCE SMITH, Keighley.
Messrs. W. H. SMITH AND SON,
London.
Messrs. W. H. SMITH AND SON, York.
Mr. W. R. SMITHSON, Bookseller,
Northallerton.
Messrs. SOTHERAN & Co., Booksellers,
London.
The Rev. W. J. STAVERT, M.A., F.S.A.,
Burnsall Rectory, Yorks.
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Vlll
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PREFACE
THE question of limiting the scope of this book to one
particular period, viz. A.D. 1500 to 1700, and to manor
houses and homesteads of moderate size, was duly con-
sidered, and it was thought best to include all kinds of houses,
large and small, built before A.D. 170x3, only omitting castles
built for defence and now in a more or less ruinous condition.
This seemed to be the best way of showing the development of
domestic architecture in the county of Yorkshire.
With such a great wealth of material, the difficulty has been
to know what to eliminate and what to select. The endeavour
has been to choose interesting examples illustrating the variety
of types characteristic of the different parts of the county.
In seeking information, much valuable assistance has been
obtained from topographical works and also from individuals
possessing a special knowledge of particular localities, and in the
latter respect I am much indebted to Mr. Hugh P. Kendall for
the help he has kindly given me with regard to houses near Halifax,
and to Messrs. Walter H. Bricrley, F.S.A., J. J. Brigg, E. W.
Crossley, Joseph Walsh, and others for useful data.
Most heartily do I thank those who have been good enough to
lend me their measured drawings for publication, namely Messrs.
A. G. Atkin, John Bilson, F.S.A., Martin S. Briggs, F. D. Clapham,
S. Clough, Connon and Chorley, Sidney R. Day, William Drif-
field, Edwin Gunn, Noel W. Hadwen, Harold E. Henderson,
J. Mansell Jenkinson, George Maddock, James Miller, Fred
Mitchell, W. Morton, E. Brantwood Muff, Walter Peters,
B. Priestley Shires, Fred Wade, Alfred Whitehead, and Arthur
F. Wickenden, also the proprietors of the Building News for
permission to use the drawings of Mr. John Holmes Greaves and
S. A. R., and Country Life to reproduce the plan of Marske Hall.
vi PREFACE
My publisher has supplied one or two subjects, and has joined
with Mr. Gotch in allowing me to include the staircase and plan
of Burton Agnes from " Architecture of the Renaissance in
England."
With the exception of Markenfield Hall, Skipton Castle, the
fireplaces at Carbrook Hall, and the White Hart Inn, Hull, all the
drawings have been specially redrawn for this book, under my
supervision, the elevations being shaded to show the projections
and the style of draughtsmanship being uniform.
I desire also to express my indebtedness to Mr. Horace Dan
for the series of photographs he has taken for this work, to Mr.
George Hepworth for the completion thereof, and to the owners
and occupiers of the houses who have so courteously permitted
them to take the photographs, and who have in many instances
kindly given me information regarding the buildings.
LOUIS AMBLER
TEMPLE CHAMBERS, TEMPLE AVENUE,
LONDON, E.G.
May 1913
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBJECTS
ILLUSTRATED
NOTE. It is obviously impossible to index fully or adequately such general
subjects as Windows, Doors, &c., exam-pies of which occur in almost every
illustration. Only those dealt with specifically have been mentioned in this list.
The Roman numerals refer to the plates and the ordinary figures in the same
column to the text illustrations.
ERRATA
The author and the publisher regret that the names of the
following gentlemen have been inadvertently omitted from the
drawings kindly lent by them :
PLATE XLVII SWINSTY HALL, from drawings by Martin Sbaw
Briggs
PIATE LIX GUISELEY RECTORY, from drawings by Messrs.
Connon and Chorley
PLATE LXIV LINTHWAITE HALL, from drawings by Sidney R.
Day
PLATE XCVI EAST RIDDLESDEN HALL, from drawings by
Alexander G. Atkin and William Driffield
rt
to
BAY WINDOW, Hipswell Hall
40
"9
plans of various types of
51
26, 27, 28
BINROYD, Norland, near Halifax
LX
59
BOLLING HALL, near Bradford
XLIII
5
chimney-piece in Ghost Room
XXV
So
ornamental plasterwork ceiling
77
4 2
,, elevation
vii
89
So
vi PREFACE
My publisher has supplied one or two subjects, and has joined
with Mr. Gotch in allowing me to include the staircase and plan
of Burton Agnes from "Architecture of the Renaissance in
England."
With the exception of Markenfield Hall, Skipton Castle, the
fireplaces at Carbrook Hall, and the White Hart Inn, Hull, all the
drawings have been specially redrawn for this book, under my
supervision, the elevations being shaded to show the projections
and the style of draughtsmanship being uniform.
I desire also to express my indebtedness to Mr. Horace Dan
for the series of photographs he has taken for this work, to Mr.
George Hepworth for the completion thereof, and to the owners
and occupiers of the houses who have so courteously permitted
them to take the photographs, and who have in many instances
kindly given me information regarding the buildings.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBJECTS
ILLUSTRATED
NOTE. It is obviously impossible to index fully or adequately such general
subjects as Windows, Doors, &c., examples of which occur in almost every
illustration. Only those dealt with specifically have been mentioned in this list.
The Roman numerals refer to the plates and the ordinary figures in the same
column to the text illustrations.
, Page where
Subject H**" referred to
in text
ALMONDBURY, Wormald's Hall, dooihead 20 13
88 50
ARNFORD, Houses at 133 93
ARONADES 13, 14 n
ARTHINGTON, THE NUNNERY XLVIII, 53
elevation and plan XLIX 53
ASKRIGG HALL CVI 87
AUSTHORPE HALL, near Leeds, elevation and plan CX 94
134 94
BAILDON HALL, near Bradford, staircase XV 36, 59
plaster-work ceiling 72 42, 59
BARKISLAND HALL, near Halifax LXXXIX 77
the entrance 118 16,77
BARKISLAND, THE HOWROYDE, doorways II 14, 80
staircase XIV 36, 80
I 20 80
BAY WINDOW, Hipswell Hall 40 19
,, plans of various types of 51 26, 27, 28
BINROYD, Norland, near Halifax . LX 59
BOLLING HALL, near Bradford XLIII 50
chimney-piece in Ghost Room XXV 50
ornamental plasterwork ceiling 77 42
elevation 89 50
viii ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBJECTS ILLUSTRATED
p. Page where
Subject Fit.N^. re f ened '"
in text
BOLTON PRIORY HALL, entrance showing carved
panel with coat-of-arms 36 16, 89
BRADLEY HALL, near Skipton 47 24
BRADLEY HALL, Stainland 100 . 61
BREARLEY HALL, Midgley 112
BROWSHOLME HALL, near Clitheroe, doorway, &c. 28 16, 66
BURNSALL GRAMMAR SCHOOL AND HOUSE LXVIII 63
;, elevation, plan, &c. LXIX 63
finials 12 10
BURTON AGNES HALL, the hall screen 35
the staircase XIII 36
,, ,, ,, hall chimney-piece and stair-
case XIX 37
,, ,, the Oak Room XXX 38
,, ,, the drawing-room XXXI 38
the garden front LXXI 64, 65
,, the gatehouse LXXII 34, 65
,, doorway, &c. 27 16, 65
,, ground floor plan 102 64, 65
_ front view 103 64,65
_ - ,, elevation of wing, with details 104 65
BURTON CONSTABLE HALL, entrance front LXXXIlI 74
garden front LXXXIV 74
CARBROOK HALL, near Sheffield, details of overmantel,
wainscoting, &c. XXIX 38
CARLTON HUSTHWAITE, old timber-framed house i 3
CARVED BEAM (strapwork) at Norland Old Hall 67 38
CARVING (stone) 32-36 16-17
CATHILL FARM, near Penistone XCI 78
CAWOOD CASTLE, near Selby, inside gateway XXXVII 45
oriel window 38 1 8
,, panels with carved coats-of-arms 32 16
CEILINGS of ornamental plaster-work XXXIII ; 71-79 39~4 2
CHIMNEY-CAPS 57 32
CHIMNEY-PIECES XIX-XXIX ; 66 36-38
CHIMNEY-STACKS 18, 19 12
CLECKHEATON, door at Syke House 8 7
COLBY HALL, near Askrigg 129 89
COLEY HALL, near Halifax, gateway VII 33, 81
COPINGS OF PARAPETS AND GABLES 58 32
CROMWELL BOTTOM HALL, windows 46 23
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBJECTS
ILLUSTRATED ix
Wal , Page where
Subject
r V referred to
Fig. M>.
in text
DACRE, Low HALL
119 78
DAN BY HALL, neai Middleham
91 53,52
DOOR HEADS
20, 21 13
DOORS
8,9 7
DOORWAYS
22 to 30 13
DORMER OF COTTAGE atTreeton
6 5
DRIGHLINGTON, LUMB HALL
XCII 78
EAST ARDSLEY HALL, elevation, plan, details, and front
view
113, 114 72
EAST RIDDLESDEN HALL, near Keighley, fireplaces,
panelling, and ceiling, &c.
xvii 36,38,79
,, carved panels over fireplace
XXVI 38, 79
,, entrance front
XCIII 79
garden front
XCIV 79
elevations, plans, sections
XCV 79
,, external details
XCVI 79
ELLAND, NEW HALL, interior of hall
XCVIII 80
windows
45 22
>,
121 80
ELLAND, OLD HALL, windows
44 22
ENTRANCE DOORWAY MOULDINGS
60 32
ESHOLT OLD HALL, near Bradford
117 76
FARNLEY HALL, near Otley
LXVIII 63
FINIALS
II, 12 10
FIREPLACE, LUMB FARM, Giggleswick
6 S 3 6
FLOOR at Shibden Hall
10 7
FOUNTAINS HALL, near Ripon, the entrance
Frontispiece 68
the garden front
LXXIV 68
elevations, plans, sections, &c.
LXXV 68
,, external details
LXXVI 68
,, chimney-piece
66 37
FRIAR'S HEAD, near Gargrave
LXXVIII 70
FRIEZES
80-82 43
GABLE copings
58 32
GARGOYLES
17 12
GATEHOUSES
92, 9 6 34
GATEWAYS
62, 63 33
GAWTHORPE HALL, near Bingley
LVIII 57
GILLING CASTLE, the dining-room
LV 56
,, bay window in dining-room
LVI 56
x ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBJECTS ILLUSTRATED
Plate or P J e wh . ere
Subject p . No referred to
in text
GILLING CASTLE 95 56
GOLDSBOROUGH HALL, staircase XV 36, 70
LXXIX 70
GOMERSAL, POLLARD HALL CIII 84
GRASSINGTON HALL, windows 37 17, 45
GREAT HOUGHTON HALL 98 61
GREETLAND, CLAYE HOUSE, doorway III
CVII 89
window 44 22
GREETLAND, CRAWSTONE HOUSE LXXXVIII 76
GREETLAND, " SUNNYBANK " 34
GUISELEY RECTORY LVIII 58
elevations and plan LIX 58
gargoyle 17 12
HALIFAX, " THE OLD COCK " INN, chimney-piece XXII
HARDEN GRANGE 131 91
doorway I 91
HAWKSWORTH HALL, ceiling XXXIII 39
interior 101 62
HEATH OLD HALL, near Wakefield, parapet 16 n
chimney-piece in State Chamber XX 37
XLV 51
parlour (bower) XL VI 51
ornamental plaster-work ceiling 75 51
plans 90 51
HESLINGTON HALL, near York LXX 64
HIGH BENTLEY, Shelf, window 46 23
HIGH SUNDERLAND, near Halifax, doorway I 73
,> gateways VIII 34
LXXXII 73
i, pilasters 31 16
HIPPERHOLME, LANGLEY HOUSE, doorway III 91
the staircase XVI 36, 91
>> doorway 24
windows 43
>, ,, ceiling centrepiece 78 42
HIPSWELL HALL, near Richmond XXXIX 46
,, bay windows 40 19
HOLDSWORTH FARM, Ovenden, near Halifax, doorway IV 90
HOLDSWORTH HOUSE, Ovenden, near Halifax LXXXVIII
gateway 62 34
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBJECTS ILLUSTRATED
XI
Page where
Subject
* latf r referred to
pip NO J .
in text
HOLLIN HEY, Cragg Vale, near Halifax
54 29
HORTON HALL, Bradford
49 25, 87
HOWSHAM HALL, near Malton
LXXVII 68
aronades
13 ii
HuDDERSFIELD, BAY HALL
2 4
HUDDLESTON HALL, near Micklefield
. in 71
HULL, " THE WHITE HART " INN, chimney-piece
XXVIII
KIDDAL HALL, near Leeds
4 5
bay window
41 20
85 48
KILDWICK HALL, near Keighley, chimney-piece
XXVII 87
CIV 85, 86
interior of hall
CV 85, 86
plasterwork freize
80 44, 87
general view showing garden pavilion 126 34,86
plan
127 86
KIRKBY MALHAM HALL
48 24, 88
KIRKLEES HALL, the dining-room panelling
XXXII 36, 67
,, aronades
14 ii
octagonal turret
107 67
KIRKLEES PRIORY, gatehouse
96 58
KNOWSTHORPE or " KNOSTROP " HALL, chimney-piece
XXIV 92
parapet
15 11.92
doorway
30 16
elevation and
plan 132 92
LABEL MOULDING TERMINALS
50 26
LANGCLIFFE HALL, near Settle, doorway
25
LAWKLAND HALL, near Settle
123 83
LEAD-GLAZING
64 34
LEDSTON HALL, near Castleford
LIV 56
LlGHTCLIFFE, GlLES HOUSE
CII 83
LINTHWAITE HALL, near Huddersfield, elevations, plan, &c. LXIV 61
,, ,,
99 61
LlVERSEDGE, LOWER HALL, door
9 7
124 84
Low MOOR, ROYD'S HALL
LXXXII 74
LUDDENDEN, KERSHAW HOUSE
C 82
side view
CI 82
doorway
23 82
LUMB FARM, Giggleswick, fireplace
65 36
LUMB HALL, Drighlington
XCII 78
xii ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBJECTS ILLUSTRATED
Plate or
Page where
Subject
Fig. No.
referred to
in text
MALTON, THE LODGE
110
7
MARKENFIELD HALL, near Ripon
XXXIV
45
,, ,, elevations, plans, &c.
XXXV
45
details
XXXVI
45
MARSH HALL, Northowram, hall window, &c.
42
22, 72
frieze
69
38,73
ceiling
73
4 2 > 73
MARSKE HALL, near Redcar
LXXXVII
75
plan
116
75
METHLEY HALL, interior
X
35
,, staircase
XII
36
,, chimney-piece
XXI
38
5? *>
LVII
57
MIDDLETON LODGE, near Ilkley
LXVI
63
MOULDINGS
50-60
26-33
MOULTON HALL, near Richmond
LXXXI
7i
MOUNT GRACE PRIORY, THE MANOR HOUSE
122
82
NAPPA HALL, Wensley Dale
83
46
,, ,, ,, elevation, plan, and details
XXXVIII
46
NEWBURGH PRIORY, near Coxwold
"5
74
NORLAND HALL, near Halifax
125
85
NORLAND, THE LOWER HALL
xc
77
doorway
29
16
,, ,, plaster-work overmantel
68
38
NORLAND, THE OLD HALL, carved beam
67
38
NORLAND, THE UPPER HALL
130
9<>
NORTON CONYERS HALL
LXXIII
65
)> 5 J)
105
65
OAKWELL HALL, near Bradford, hall showing screen
IX
35
elevations, plan, sections and details
LI
55
,, ,, details of hall, staircase, and schoolroom LII
55
,, interior of hall
LIU
55
5' )>
94
55
OLD HARDEN GRANGE
131
9 1
doorway
9 1
ORIEL WINDOWS
38, 39
19
CORBELS
61
33
OULTON, " THE OLD NOOKIN "
108
68
OVENDEN HALL, near Halifax
CHI
85
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBJECTS ILLUSTRATED xiii
Subject
PANELLED ROOMS
PARAPET MOULDINGS
PENISTONE, BULLHOUSE HALL
PILASTERS
PLASTER-WORK (ornamental)
ceilings
PLINTH MOULDINGS
PONTEFRACT OLD HALL
PRIEST BANK TOP, near Kildwick, window
RAWDON HALL, near Leeds, chimney-piece
,, the hall
RIDDLESDEN HALL, EAST, near Keighley, fireplaces,
panelling a:
,, carved panels o
,, ,, entrance front
garden front
elevations, plan
,, ., external details
RIDDLESDEN HALL, WEST, near Keighley
RISHWORTH, UPPER COCKROFT
ROYD'S HALL, Low Moor, near Bradford
SCREENS IN HALLS
SETTLE, " THE FOLLY," window
,, ,,
SHARLSTON HALL, gateway
SHIBDEN DALE, "HAGSTOCKS "
SCOUT HALL
,, ,, ,, ,,
" STAUPS," doorway
,, ,, ,
SHIBDEN HALL, near Halifax
,, oak window
,, oak floor
SKIPTON CASTLE, courtyard
details
,, carved panel of coat-of-arms
details of oriel windo
SOWERBY, BALL GREEN, gateway
WOOD LANE HALL
STRAPWORK ORNAMENT, NORLAND OLD HALL
Plate or
Fig. No.
Page where
referred to
in text
XXX, XXXI, XXXII
38
58
32
CII
84
3. 3i
16
68-82
38-44
XXXIII; 71-79
38-42
59
32
XLIV
5i
46
23
XXIII
63
LXV
62
replaces,
I ceiling, &c
XVII
36, 38, 79
:r fireplace
XXVI
38,79
XCIII
79
XCIV
79
sections
xcv
79
XCVI
79
CVIII
90
1 06
6 7
LXXXII
74
IX, X, XI
35
46
23
128
88
63
34
XCVI I
80
CIX
93
26
13,93
IV
9
CVII
90
XLII
48-9
7
6
10
7
XL
47-8
XLI
47-8
ms
33
16
id doorway
84
47
VII
33
XCIX
81
,L
67
38
xiv ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBJECTS ILLUSTRATED
Subject
STRING MOULDINGS
SWINSTY HALL, near Otley, elevations, plans, and sections
T>
details
TANFIELD, " MARMION'S TOWER," MANOR PLACE
,, ,, ,, oriel window
TEMPLE NEWSAM, near Leeds
" 5> );
,, ,, entrance showing carved panels
,, ,, plaster-work frieze
TERMINALS (mouldings)
THORNHILL, LEES HALL, carved panels over fireplace
,, ,, ,, plaster freize over fireplace
,, ,, ,, plaster-work ceiling
THORPE SALVIN HALL
,, ,, ,, chimney-stacks
gatehouse
TIMBER-FRAMED HOUSE at Carlton Husthwaite
TODMORDEN HALL, chimney-piece
TREETON, near Sheffield, dormer of cottage at
WAKEFIELD, " The Six Chimneys "
WESTON HALL, portion of garden front and the Casino
WEST RIDDLESDEN HALL, near Keighley
WHIXLEY HALL, near York
WINDOW jamb mouldings
heads and sills
WINDOWS
WOODSOME HALL, near Huddersfield, the hall, gallery,
and fireplace
chimney-piece
,, general view
,, courtyard
,, elevations, plans, sections and detail:
gargoyle
,, chimney-stacks
,, doorways
,, ornamented plaster- work beam and frieze 79,81
,, the terrace
WORMALD'S HALL, Almondbury
,, ,, door head
WYKE, THE MANOR HOUSE
Plate or
Fig. No.
Page where
referred to
in text
55
31
as XLVII
53
XL VI 1 1
53
93
53
XXXVII
46
39
19,46
LXXXV
75
LXXXVI
75
35
17
82
44
5
26
XXVI
5
70
5
7 1
4 1
XLIV
53
18
13
92
53
i
XXIII
6
5
86,87
49
LXVII
63
CVIII
90
34
17
52
29
53
3
37 54
i7-3i
XVIII
37,59
XXIV
38, 59
LXI
59
LXII
59
Is LXIII
59
17
12
'9
12
22
59
ieze 79, 81
43
97
33
88
50
20
13
loo
68
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBJECTS ILLUSTRATED xv
Plate or a
Subject Fi N referred to
in text
YORK, No. 5 CONEY STREET, ornamental plaster-work
ceilings 74~?6 39
THE KING'S MANOR, details of doorways and
fireplace VI 1 6
doorways V 16
L 54
,, dormers 5 5
,, TREASURER'S HOUSE LXXX 71
Old Houses in Yorkshire, built before
the Year 1700.
COMPARATIVELY little has been written about the
ancient houses in this part of the country, and although
some of these buildings are mentioned in guide-books
and topographical works concerning certain districts,
there are numerous interesting old houses which have entirely
escaped the attention of writers on the subject.
In Mr. J. A. Gotch's admirable books on Early Renaissance
Architecture in England only about half a dozen examples,
illustrated by photographs and sketches, are taken from Yorkshire,
chiefly from the North and East Ridings, and a reference in the
letterpress is made to some three or four in the West Riding ;
this portion of the county is, however, by far the richest in the
possession of good and characteristic specimens of buildings of
the period, of a style peculiarly their own and with features not
found elsewhere.
From very early times the West Riding has been the most
thickly populated part of the shire, owing to the manufacture of
cloth, which has been carried on there since the Middle Ages,
and there is even now hardly a village or town in the neighbourhood
of Bradford, Halifax, and Huddersfield which does not possess
examples of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century domestic archi-
tecture. The hamlet of Clifton, near Otley, is chiefly composed
of such.
Several of the larger and more important houses in the county
have been fully illustrated during recent years, but the smaller
manor-houses and homesteads have been more or less neglected
by writers, except as regards having been referred to incidentally
in books on local history and topography, or described in papers
read before archaeological societies.
2 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
Certainly no attempt has hitherto been made to deal with the
subject exclusively and comprehensively, and it is the object of
this book to describe and illustrate these houses in a more systematic
manner than has before been done, and while omitting much
historical and anecdotal information which would occupy more
than the available space, yet give such particulars as are thought
likely to interest those who care for architecture and old
buildings.
These houses of bygone centuries possess a quiet dignity and
charm of their own, with an agreeable suggestion of homeliness and
comfort, and they express the sense of fitness and appropriateness
to their uses and surroundings, and give some idea of the character
of those who built them and lived in them.
That the kindly hand of time has dealt lovingly with many of
these buildings and enhanced their picturesque appearance cannot
be denied, though it must be admitted that in some of the manu-
facturing towns the smoke-laden atmosphere has blackened the
stonework ; but apart from their antiquity and the glamour of
their old-world associations, there is the intrinsic merit of artistic
design and good workmanship which all those who value such
things can still admire and enjoy.
But, alas ! how many of these old homes of squires and
yeomen have fallen from their high estate and been turned into
small tenements or put to other and sometimes baser uses, while
others have been allowed to fall into a state of dilapidation,
decay, and ruin ! All honour is due to those who have carefully
preserved these memorials of the past, and have not marred their
beauty by vandalic alterations or unsightly and inharmonious
additions.
The builders of old built to last for centuries, and with reason-
able care most of these ancient houses could be retained for
hundreds of years to come. If the record of their existence and
the illustration and description of them in these pages tend to
promote their preservation, this book will not have been written
and compiled in vain.
Of houses built in the Middle Ages, i.e. up to A.D. 1500,
very few remain in Yorkshire. One would have expected to find
some stone-built houses of the twelfth century in the ancient
city of York, such as still exist in the city of Lincoln, but no
dwellings of that period or the following century (except part of
MEDIEVAL HOUSES 3
Grassington Hall) are now to be seen, and excluding the castles,
which were built for defence as well as residence, and are now
almost all in ruins, and also the houses which formed part of the
monastic buildings, there are probably not more than half a dozen
mediasval houses still existing in anything like the condition when
built, though there are doubtless numerous portions of older
buildings incorporated in the houses which were partly rebuilt
in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. One reason, perhaps
the chief one, is that after the " wattle and daub " (or mud)
dwellings of the earliest times, most of the houses up to the year
1550 were built of wood and plaster, the foundations only being
of stone, and very few of these timber or " half timber " structures
have survived in Yorkshire, though they are plentiful enough in
the adjoining county of Lancashire and the neighbouring county of
Cheshire.
From the time of Elizabeth the houses in Yorkshire were built
of stone, with very few exceptions ; or in some localities of brick
and stone, but there are not many of the combined brickwork and
masonry, as stone was procurable in most districts. The stone most
frequently used was the hard " millstone grit " found so abundantly
in the West Riding, but other local stone was used elsewhere.
The mediaeval
builders naturally used
the local material, and
as oak was plentiful and
ready to hand, it formed
the chief item in the
construction of their
houses. Their method
of building was to make
a foundation of rubble
stone, probably found
near the site, and to
place vertically thereon
solid oak posts or
" crooks," usually 9 inches wide on the face and 18 inches thick,
and about 10 or 12 feet apart, with intermediate posts for the door
and window openings. The sill-pieces, summer-beams (or bres-
summers), and wall-plates were framed into these large posts longi-
tudinally, and tie beams were tenoned into the tops of the posts and
FIG. I. OLD HOUSE AT CARLTON HUSTHWAITE,
NEAR THIRSK.
FIG. 2. BAY HALL, HUDDERSFIELD.
4 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
carried transversely, usually pro-
jecting beyond the outer face on
each side, and carrying the smaller
wall-plates and the roof spars, or
rafters, and sprocket-pieces. The
upper floor beams were similarly
framed into transverse beams at
that level, and on these rested the
floor joists, which frequently pro-
jected beyond the outer face of
the walls and had their ends cut
and shaped to form brackets for the
overhanging storey. The beams
were generally strengthened by
heavy curved struts or spurs,
tenoned, morticed, and pegged
into the sides of the posts. The
spaces between these main timbers were filled with vertical or
diagonal (or both) studs or quarters, 3 or 4 inches thick and from
6 to 9 inches wide, framed and pegged into the main timbers and
forming the walls and partitions. Occasionally the horizontal
timbers above and below the window openings were continued
across the vertical studs, but this was uncommon, and the hori-
zontal timbers were generally only used as heads, sills, and plates.
The edges of the timbers had V-shaped notchings, into which
pieces of thin stone slates were fitted, filling the spaces and form-
ing a keyed ground for the plastering or coating of clay and chopped
straw, which was finished flush with the face of the timbers, inside
and outside, the spaces being about the same width as the studs.
In the gables the
studs were almost
invariably parallel
to the slopes of the
roof (Fig. 2), though
there are one or two
examples at right
angles, as at the
gatehouse, Kirk-
lees Priory (Fig. 96),
FIG. 3. SUNNY BANK, GREETLAND. and On C " S 1 X
FIG. 4. KIDDAL HALL, NEAR LEEDS.
GABLES, DORMERS AND ROOFS
Chimneys," Wakefield (Figs. 86
and 87) where they are ver-
tical, with some remaining
alternate diagonal intermediate
studding. The rafters, which
usually tapered towards the
ridge, rested upon purlins,
notched on to the principal
trusses, and were pinned to-
gether with oak pins above the
ridgetree and pegged down to
the wall-plates at the feet, with
cut and splayed sprocket-pieces
pegged to the rafters and
notched into the outer wall-
plates, carrying the projecting
eaves. The timbers were sawn
or adzed on the face.
The houses were roofed with one span, sometimes with only
a gable at each end, but more frequently intersected at right
angles by one or more return roofs, each with its gable end.
Dormers were very rare, but where existing had each a gabled
rooflet, as at Kiddal Hall, near Leeds (Fig. 4), " The King's
Manor," York (Fig. 5), and a cot-
tage at Treeton (Fig. 6).
The roofs were covered or
" thacked " with stone slates about
an inch thick or more, of irregular
widths and usually in diminishing
courses towards the ridge, laid in
double thickness with a 3 or 4 inch
lap (three slates thick), and fixed
with oak pegs or pins to oak laths,
the joints visible on the upper
surface being filled in with moss,
which made the roofs weather-
tight. The edges of the slates were
trimmed to the valleys and not as
a rule " swept " or worked round
FIG. 5. "THE KING'S MANOR," YORK, them as some of the smaller stone
torrox.
DETML or DORMER .
FIG. 6. COTTAGE AT TREETON, NEAR
SHEFFIELD.
6 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
slates of the roofs in the Midlands
were, though there are a few
exceptions. The valleys were
usually formed with V-shaped
stones, but were sometimes laid
with lead. The ridges were of
stone.
In the North and East Ridings
many of the roofs were covered
with red hand-made sand-faced
tiles, which were worked round
the valleys, except in the case of
pan-tiles, of which there are not
many instances. In some of the
tiled roofs, there are two or three
courses of large stone slates at
the eaves.
This simple and natural way
of building with local material
was not only the most practical
and economical, but produced an effect which was artistic and in
harmony with the surroundings, and gave a distinct character or
style to each district.
Where ornament was used, it was to decorate the construc-
tion, and " constructed ornament " was unknown. Enrichments
were usually confined to the door and window-
frames, the brackets, barge-boards, and finials, but
no examples of richly carved mediaeval woodwork
or oak tracery have survived in the Yorkshire
houses still remaining.
The window openings were broad and low
and were divided into many narrow lights (about
6 to 9 inches wide) with moulded oak mullions,
sometimes enriched, as at Shibden Hall (Fig. 7).
Projecting windows carried on brackets were
occasionally built out to the face of the eaves,
as at Wormald's Hall, Almondbury (Fig. 88), or
FIG. 7. the overhanging gables, as at Kirklees Priory
OAK WINDOW, SHIB- Gatehouse (Fig. 96).
DEN HALL. The internal plaster - work was frequently
j
PANELLING, DOORS AND FLOORS
decorated in distemper colouring with con-
ventional floral designs drawn in thick black
outline ; but later on the plastering gave
place to panelled wainscotting, evolved
from the vertical studded walls of the
timber-framed buildings, oak panels being
substituted for the plastered stone between
the studs, which were gradually reduced in
width and thickness and had the edges
chamfered and moulded. With the in-
creased width of the spaces between the
studs, it was found necessary to strengthen
the panelling by horizontal rails, which
were moulded on the lower edge and
splayed on the upper edge to prevent dust
accumulating. The rails were tenoned and
pegged into the studs and all the mouldings
were worked in the solid oak.
The doors corresponded with the
panelling, the outer doors being about
3 inches thick, formed with moulded stiles
and rails and oak boarding, heavily studded
PLAN
ORAWINO3 BY
'Z....E....?
FIG. 8.
DOOR AT SYKE HOUSE,
CLECKHEATON.
DOOR AT LOWER HALL,
LIVERSEDGE.
with wrought-iron nails with large
square or shaped heads, and hung
with heavy wrought-iron strap
hinges to crooks let into the posts
or stone jambs, and secured with a
stout oak bar or " stang " let into
sockets.
From about 1600 the outer
doors were usually panelled in an
ornamental manner (Figs. 8 and 9).
The floors were of wide oak
planks a bout I
to 3 inches thick,
with rebated
joints (Fig. 10),
the exposed
beams and joists FIC . I0 . FLOO R AT
being frequently SHIBDEN HALL
8 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
enriched by moulding and carving or colour decora-
tion.
Plaster ceilings appeared later, i.e. after A.D. 1500 (probably
about the middle of the sixteenth century), and from the time
of Elizabeth were elaborately moulded and ornamented with
modelled enrichments.
When oak was becoming more scarce and stone more easily
worked, the latter, chiefly the " millstone grit," was used almost
entirely for the external walls of the houses, and in the early
part of the seventeenth century most of the existing timber or
" half-timber " houses were refronted with stone, the original
timber framing being left in position behind the new stone face.
Rubble stone formed the ordinary outside walling for the smaller
houses, in courses varying from 3 to 6 inches, with bondstones
of greater size ; but larger squared stone facings, tooled in various
ways, were used for the more important buildings. Sometimes
both kinds of masonry were used on the same house, in different
portions or wings. There were always large dressed stone quoins
of irregular lengths at the angles. The external walls were at
least 2 feet thick.
The plan of the manor houses and homesteads was arranged
on certain typical lines, without much alteration, from mediaeval
times until the end of the seventeenth century. The accommo-
dation consisted of one large hall or general living-room, called
the "house-body," of a size proportionate to that of the building
and usually facing south or east, with outer doorways on the
north and south sides at one end, and a parlour (or sometimes
a solar, at a higher level), and kitchen, etc., at the other end,
generally forming a projecting wing with front and back gables.
The staircase was either in the hall or built out at the back or end,
and, after the circular stone turret stairways of the Middle Ages
(as at Markenfield Hall, near Ripon) (Plates xxxiv, xxxv and
xxxvi), was usually of oak, though occasionally of stone, with a
solid masonry newel instead of an open well. The smaller houses,
as a rule, had only one upper floor containing bedrooms, but
there are instances of a second upper floor in these and medium-
sized dwellings. The rooms were generally about 9 feet high,
rarely less than 8 feet 6 inches or more than 10 feet. In the
larger houses there was a passage (called " the screens ") between
the two outer doors separated by a screen or partition from the
HOUSE PLANS
Noim CKOSUUIO HAU. HIM. HI/OOSFIEI-O
T, $MvTTi_rtoejM HALL. CKAQG HALL.
COTTWQLEY AU.EK.TON.
SCALE OP
FIG. II.
central hall, which was generally a lofty apart-
ment open to the roof and with a gallery round
three sides giving access to the bedrooms over
the wings, one of which contained the kitchen
and servants' offices and a parlour, usually
facing south (and used later as a dining-room
when the household ceased to take their meals in
the hall or living-room), and the other contained
two withdrawing-rooms or parlours. There
are numerous variations of this arrangement,
some houses having a hall only one storey high
and two upper floors of bedrooms, but the typical hall or "house-
body " of the West Riding was the height of two storeys and had
FIC. 12. BURNSALL
GRAMMAR SCHOOL
AND HOUSE.
10
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
HOWSHAM HALL.
FIG. 14. KIRKLEES HALL.
a large window of many lights in the front
and a great open fireplace opposite or at
one side, with a stone arched opening.
A projecting porch was a not uncom-
mon feature, except in the smallest houses,
but rarely before 1 600.
The plans of the larger and more
important houses built in the seventeenth
century were developed considerably,
some being almost square, others approxi-
mately H and E shaped, and some of the
largest being built round internal court-
yards. All, however, retained the large
central hall of the original type, though
in Fountains Hall, near Ripon (Plates
LXXIV and LXXV), it is on the upper floor level, the ground
floor being occupied by servants' offices ; but this is a build-
ing of unusual loftiness, being five stories high.
The proportions of the old York-
^^^^^_ shire houses were almost invariably
low and broad, and the pitch of the
roofs was generally about 35 to 40,
though there are a few examples of
roofs and gables of 50 or more, and
in the same building they sometimes
vary in pitch, but this is exceptional.
The stone gables were nearly
always finished with moulded coping-
stones and the roof slates were built
in under these, no flashings being used
(Fig. 58). As a rule, the gables had
straight sloping sides, but there are a
few with curved outlines, such as
Fountains Hall (Plates LXXIV and LXXV),
Norton Conyers (Fig. 105 and Plate
LXXIII), and Treasurer's House, York
(Plate LXXX), probably influenced by
the Flemish manner. One of the most
interesting features of the stone gables
is the remarkable variety in shape
FIG. 15. " KNOSTROP HALL.
FIG. l6. HEATH HALL, NEAR
WAKEFIELD.
6cAi or FEET.
17. GARGOYLES. WOOD-
SOME HALL. CUISELEY RECTORY.
FINIALS AND PARAPETS
and design of the moulded and sometimes
carved and pierced finials. The double
cross and lantern indicated that the
owners of the property had been the
Knights of St. John of Jerusalem (Fig. 1 1
and Plates LVIII, LXIX).
Parapets frequently took the place of FIG
projecting eaves, and embattled or SOM
crenellated parapets are of course found
in the mediaeval stone houses, but the embattlements ceased to be
used at the beginning of the sixteenth century and were only re-
vived towards the end and in the seventeenth, doubtless for the sake
of their picturesque appearance. The projecting parapet of
Guiseley Rectory (Plates LVIII and LIX), carried on corbels, is re-
miniscent of the Middle Ages, although it was not built until 1601.
Some of the larger houses, e.g. High Sunderland, near Halifax
(Plate LXXXII), and Heath Hall, near Wakefield (Plate XLV), have
parapets and no gables, and there are a few instances of aronades
(or semicircular crestings to the parapets), either at regular inter-
vals every few feet, as at Howsham Hall (Fig. 13), or at long
intervals only in the centre of each bay, as at Marske Hall (Plate
LXXVII) and Kirklees Hall
(Fig. 14). They usually
had ball finials at the top.
At Knowsthorpe or
" Knostrop " Hall, near
Leeds (Fig. 15), the para-
pet over the porch con-
sists of square-moulded
balusters with enriched
piers.
Heath Hall, near Wake-
field (Fig. 1 6 and Plate
XLV), has 'a very elaborate
pierced parapet, the piers
or dies resting partly on
moulded brackets and
being carried up above the
coping, after the manner
FIG. l8. CHIMNEY STACK, THORPE SALVIN HALL. of StairCaSC nCWcl-pOStS,
FIG. 19. CHIMNEY-STACKS, WOODSOME HALL.
12 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
and having moulded caps,
the spaces between being
occupied by elegant balus-
ters surmounted by a deep
moulded coping with semi-
circular cresting. The para-
pets at Temple Newsam
(Plates LXXXV and LXXXVI) are
open balustrades which
partly consist of large
Roman letters forming
Scriptural quotations and
mottoes.
Gargoyles or water-
spouts (Fig. 17) are found
on houses built up to the
first quarter of the seven-
teenth century, being splayed
and shaped, but not carved. At Wood Lane Hall, Sowerby
(Plate xcix), built in 1649, there are some curious carved
gargoyles.
Of mediaeval chimneys, only those at Markenfield Hall, near
Ripon, remain, and they are single octagonal shafts with gabled
or moulded and embattled caps (Plates xxxiv, xxxv and xxxvi).
The chimneys of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were
almost invariably detached square shafts, one to each flue, [set
diagonally on a solid square masonry base, the shafts having
moulded caps joining them at the top (where more than one)
and splayed bases at the bottom. They varied considerably in
height, some being quite dwarfed, some medium, and others lofty.
These diagonal shafts, whether
single or in groups or clusters of
two or more up to six (usually in
double rows of four or more), were
the prevailing type until superseded
by the square solid chimney-stacks
in the latter part of the seventeenth
FIG. ao.To^RHEAD, centurjr. The chimneys always had
WORMALD'S HALL, projecting label mouldings or tabl-
ALMONDBURY. ing close above the roof slating, and
CHIMNEY-STACKS AND DOORWAYS
FIG. 21. DOOR HEADS.
they also had splayed plinths and moulded strings and caps (Figs.
1 8 and 19). At Burton Agnes Hall the chimney-stacks are of brick,
with diagonal ribs (Figs. 103, 104, and Plate LXXI).
The external chimney-breasts generally had many set-offs
with splayed weatherings at irregular intervals, reducing their
bulk to the size required for the chimney-stacks and giving them a
very picturesque appearance (Fig. 19).
The doorways had pointed arched heads up to the sixteenth
century, when the flatter four-centred arches with square-headed
outer mouldings took their place, with moulded stops a foot or two
from the ground ; then moulded caps were inserted below the
springing of the very flat arches, which later on were made semi-
circular (even early in the seventeenth century) and eventually
(towards the end of the seventeenth century) flat or nearly so,
with the outer mouldings shaped into various arrangements of
curves and other devices which are peculiar to Yorkshire and
Lancashire and therefore thoroughly characteristic of that part
of the country, giving a variety of interest and charm to almost
every house built in those two counties during the seventeenth
century (Figs. 20 and 21).
Over the door at Scout Hall, Shibden Dale (Fig. 26), the
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
FIG. 22. WOODSOME HALL, FIG. 23. KERSHAW HOUSE, FIG. 24. LANGLEY HOUSE,
NEAR HUDDERSFIELD. LUDDENDEN. HIPPERHOLME.
frieze has a fox, four hounds, and a huntsman carved on
it.
Many of the doorways of the larger houses had columns, either
engaged or detached, with entablatures above, in imitation of the
FIG. 2C. LANGCLIFFE HALL. NEAR SETTLE.
FIG. 26. SCOUT HALL, SHIBDEN DALE, NEAR
HALIFAX.
DOORWAYS
FIG. 27. BURTON AGNES HALL.
FIG. 28. BROWSHOLME HALL.
FIG. 2g. LOWER HALL,
NORLAND.
classic style,
then being re-
vived; but there
was considerable
freedom of
rendering and
no strict adhe-
rence to ancient
models. The
columns were
sometimes i n
pairs and had
others super-
imposed, in the
FIG. 30.
" KNOSTROP
HALL.
16
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
early Renaissance manner, and in
the usual ascending order, Doric,
Ionic, and Corinthian, or Compo-
site. At Burton Agnes (Fig. 27)
and Newburgh Priory (Fig. 115)
there are three storeys of single
columns, and at Browsholme Hall
three tiers of coupled columns
(Fig. 28). Fluting was not un-
common, and at Barkisland Hall
(Fig. 1 1 8) and Lower Hall,
Norland (Fig. 29) the flutings
are curiously twisted or zig-
zagged, about two-thirds of the
way up the columns.
Pilasters are unusual, but
there are a few instances, and
some of them are enriched by
carving, as at the King's Manor
House, York (Plates v and vi),
High Sunderland, near Halifax
(the gateway) (Fig. 31 and Plate
vm), and " Knostrop " Hall, near
Leeds (Fig. 30).
Another peculiarity of some
of the seventeenth - century
houses in the West Riding is the
plinth, with its curious curved
patterns, into which the splayed
best example of this is at East
FIG. 32. CAWOOD CASTLE.
FIG. 31. PILASTERS AT HIGH SUNDERLAND,
NEAR HALIFAX.
top member is wrought. The
Riddlesden Hall, near Keighley
(Plates xciv and
xcvi).
Panels with
carved coats-of-arms
and incised inscrip-
tions are frequently
found in all parts of
the county (Figs. 32,
33, 35 and 36), but
the strap ornament
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DOORWAYS AND FIREPLACE, ETC. THE KINO S MANOR, YORK
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HERALDIC CARVING AND WINDOWS
so much in vogue in
Elizabethan houses
elsewhere is only seen
on some of the larger
mansions, such as
Temple Newsam,
Burton Agnes, and
other great Halls in
or near the East Rid-
ing, which was less
under the influence of
local tradition than the
hilly portions of the
West Riding, where
the traditional many-
mul Honed- window
style was continued
until well into the
eighteenth century,
very little affected by
the more formal Re-
naissance manner which had been the fashion for more than
half a century in other parts of England, particularly the south.
Among the few examples of the latter are Austhorpe Hall, near
Leeds (Fig. 134 and Plate ex), and Whixley Hall, near York (Fig.
34), both built in the last decade of the seventeenth century.
The windows of
houses built before
the year 1 500 were of
the various phases of
the Gothic style of
their resp ective
periods, but very few
of these remain. Two
at Grassington Hall
(Fig. 37), of the last
quarter of the thir-
teenth century, have
double lights with
FIG. 34. WHIXLEY HALL, NEAR YORK. transomes and arched
FIG. 33. SKIPTOS CASTLE.
i8
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
FIG. 35. TEMPLE NEWSAM.
FIG. 36. BOLTON PRIORY HALL.
heads with simple quatrefoil " plate " tracery
these are the four windows
in the great hall of Marken-
field Hall (Plates xxxiv, xxxv
and xxxvi), built in the first
quarter of the fourteenth
century, but the latter are
taller and more elegant in
proportion and have cusped
lights, also an additional
outside moulding and a hood
or label moulding. The east
window of the chapel of this
hall is three lights in width,
FIG. 37. but without a transome (a
GRASSINGTON HALL, feature which was not used
Very similar to
FIG. 38.
CAVVOOD CASTLE
GOTHIC WINDOWS
in ecclesiastical architecture until the
Perpendicular period), and the arched
head is filled with three quatrefoils, the
centre one larger than the others. In
this house there are also two single-
light windows with pointed arched heads
and one with two lights, without cusp-
ing, like thirteenth-century work.
Of fifteenth-century windows in
domestic architecture there are not
many still existing in Yorkshire. The
oriel on the gatehouse or " Marmion's
Tower " at Tanfield (Fig. 39) is a beau-
tiful example of the Perpendicular style,
with two lights on each of the three
sides, each light
FIG. 39.
MARMION S TOWER,
TANFIELD.
FIG. 4&. HIPSWELL HALL,
NEAR RICHMOND.
having a double-
cusped head and
tracery above.
An oriel of the
same period is on
the gatehouse of
Cawood Castle,
near Selby (Fig.
38), but it has
wider lights and taller tracery, and only one
light on each of the canted sides. There
is a three-light flat oriel at Walburn Hall,
between Richmond and Leyburn, with a
two-light double-cusped window below,
without tracery. The two-storied bay
window at Hipswell Hall, near Richmond
(Fig. 40), has five equal sides, with a
double-cusped ogee arch and square-headed
light on each, forming a window of great
beauty. One fifteenth-century three-light
window, with cusped traceried heads still
remains at Boiling Hall, Bradford (Plate
XLIII). The windows of Nappa Hall, near
Wensley Dale (Fig. 83 and Plate xxxvni),
are mostly of two lights with cusped heads,
20
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
those in the tower being
single lights, but similar.
Kiddal Hall, near Barwick-
in-Elmet (Fig. 41), has
some windows with cusped-
arch double lights under
square heads, and a large
semi - octagonal bay win-
dow with four sides, each
having two - light wide
transomed opening, with
four-centred arched heads
to the upper lights. This
was added in 1501, as the
date on the carved in-
scription running round
between the cornice and
parapet testifies, and it is
a characteristic Tudor
window, thoroughly
Gothic. The bay win-
dows in the courtyard of
Skipton Castle (Plates XL and XLI), built in Henry VIII's time,
FIG. 41. KIDDAL HALL.
FIG. 42. MARSH^HALL,
NORTHOWRAM.
FIG. 43. LANCLEY HOUSE,
HIPPERHOLME.
MANY-MULLIONED WINDOWS
21
FIG. 44.
had five lights on
the front face and
one on each of the
canted sides, with
four-centred arched
heads and no tran-
somes, the outer
square heads and
jambs being heavily
moulded. During
the foregoing period
and up to the time
of Elizabeth, similar
windows to those
above described may
doubtless be found
in many other parts
of England, but per-
haps the most dis-
tinctive feature of the old Yorkshire houses of the latter part
of the sixteenth and the whole of the seventeenth century
is the fenestration. Nowhere else is there such a variety of
windows as in the examples of that period in the three Ridings,
especially the West Riding.
Single and double lights are comparatively uncommon, and
windows divided by . , _^=^=
mullions into three
or more lights are
the rule. Eight or
ten light wide win-
dows are quite usual,
and some of the
large halls of the
houses have windows
eleven lights wide,
as at Swinsty Hall
(Plates XLVII and
XLVIII), or twelve, as
at Barkisland Hall
(Plate LXXXIX), East
4-4-
FIG. 45. NEW HALL, ELLAND.
22
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
Riddlesden Hall (Plates xcm, xciv, xcv, and xcvi), and Marsh
Hall, Northowram (Fig. 42), or even thirteen, as at Claye House,
Greetland, and the Old Hall, Elland (Fig. 44), and generally two
lights high ; and there are windows nine lights in width, as at
New Hall, Elland (Fig. 45), and Wood Lane Hall, Sowerby (Plate
xcix), and ten, as at Oakwell Hall, Birstall (Plate LI and Fig. 94),
and Boiling Hall, Bradford (Fig. 89 and Plate XLIII), and even
twelve as at Marsh Hall, Northowram (Fig. 42), which are three
lights in height. These very wide windows with their numerous
divisions by mullions and transomes are characteristic of this
county and the adjoining one of Lancashire. There are in-
stances of hall windows five lights
in height, but these are rare and
only occur in the largest houses,
such as Methley Hall (Plate
LVII) and Heslington Hall, near
York (Plate LXX). One at Pol-
lard Hall, Gomersal, four lights
high, is unique (Plate cm).
Usually there is a wider and
thicker mullion at every third or
fourth, but many groups of five,
six, seven, or even eight lights
and one or two of nine or ten are
found without these larger mul-
lions. In one case, at Elland Old
FIG- 4 6 - Hall (Fig. 44), the thirteen-light-
wide window has no wider mul-
lion, but there is a thicker one near the centre, i.e. with six lights
on one side and seven on the other. This window has another
peculiarity, which is only found in this part of the country, viz.
the six lights near the centre being repeated above the
transome.
The carrying up of the centre lights of windows in gables
occurs elsewhere, though rarely, but in the West Riding of
Yorkshire it is quite common, even when the windows are not
in gables and this latter exception forms one of the distinct local
characteristics. Sometimes it is only one light that is carried
up over a transome, as at Norland Hall (Fig. 125), but gene-
rally two or more, as Binroyd (Plate LX), Norland Hall, Staups,
FIG. 47. BRADLEY HALL, NEAR SKIPTON.
WINDOW DETAILS AND VARIATIONS
Shibden Dale (Plate cvn),
and Cromwell Bottom Hall
(Fig. 46), all near Halifax.
The width of each light
in the stone-mullioned win-
dows was usually about 12
inches, but those of some of
the larger and later houses
were wider, though rarely
exceeding 18 inches. They
varied considerably in
height, but where there
were transomes the light
above was less in height
than the one below by the thickness of the transome, conse-
quently the lights of windows of two or more lights in height
diminished gradually and produced a very pleasing effect.
The early sixteenth-century windows had three- or four-centred
arched heads, and these are found in much later examples, such
as The Folly, Settle (Figs. 46 and 128), and the Old Hall at
Askrigg (Plate cvi), both built in the last quarter of the seventeenth
century, but as a rule the lights had square heads from the time
of Elizabeth, though some were semicircular headed.
There are certain variations in the heads of some of the gable
windows which are peculiar to "this part of England, such as those
at High Bentley, Shelf (Fig. 46), at Kildwick Hall (Plate civ)
and at Friar's Head, near Gargrave (Plate LXXVIII), all of which
have triple lights
with heads forming
one ogee-shaped
arch, with the outer
lines of the moulding
at the apex square,
not pointed, the label
moulding of the for-
mer differing slightly
from that of the two
latter, which are
identical. The gable
FIG. 48. KIRKBY MALHAM HALL. window atPriest Bank
24 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
Top, Kildwick (Fig. 46), is similar, but the centre light has a
pointed arched head, instead of an ogee, and the label following
the curves of the arched head, though square at the apex, like
the others.
Those at Bradley Hall, near Skipton (Fig. 47), have square
heads to the side-lights, the label moulding being square and
stepped up in the centre.
Two similar windows, three lights in width, are found at
The Folly, Settle (Fig. 128), but not in the gables, and they
are two lights in height, the transome being arched over the
centre light and the two upper lights having only one central
mullion.
Some three-, four- and five-light windows in gables are stepped
up, the centre lights being higher than the others. Three-
light examples occur at Kirkby Malham Hall (Fig. 48), " Olcoats,"
near Arncliffe, and Swinsty Hall, near Otley (Plates XLVII and
XLVIII), where there is also one of four lights ; and five-light
similar windows are found at Royds Hall, Low Moor, near
Bradford (Plate LXXXII), and the Old Hall at Askrigg (Plate cvi).
Elliptical windows are frequently seen, the ellipse being vertical
as at Scout Hall, Shibden (Plate cix) ; West Scholes Hall,
Thornton ; and the Farm-house, Holdsworth (Plate iv) ; all
within a few miles of each other and built between 1 680 and 1694;
also at West Riddlesden Hall, built in 1687 (Plate cvin), and in
the wing of East Riddlesden Hall, added in 1692 (Plates xcin,
xcv, and xcvi) ; and a large number at Ledstone Hall, in the
wings built about 1660. There are instances, with the ellipse
horizontal, at Methley Hall (Plate LVII), built in 1593 and added
to later, also at Kimberworth Manor House, near Rotherham,
built in 1694.
Small single windows or apertures for ventilation in gables
are of various shapes, as at Bullhouse Hall, Penistone (Plate en),
East Ardsley Hall (Figs. 113 and 114), and Lumb Hall, Drigh-
lington (Plate xcn). Those at Claye House, Greetland (Plate
evil), have triple lights with semicircular heads, the centre one
higher than the others.
The most curious and characteristic windows of the old
Yorkshire houses are the Catherine-wheel or rose-windows, over the
porch doorways or archways. These are peculiar to the West
Riding and are essentially Gothic in form if not in detail.
FIG. 49. HORTON HALL, BRADFORD.
CATHERINE-WHEEL OR ROSE-WINDOWS
They are all of the seventeenth
century and occur in houses built
within fifty years of each other.
The earliest and simplest one is
at Barkisland Hall (Plate LXXXIX),
built in 1632, and it consists of
seven circular lights arranged
symmetrically, six surrounding
one in the centre, all being the
same size and three being ver-
tical. That at Wood Lane Hall,
Sowerby (Plate xcix), built in
1649, and the one at New Hall,
Elland (Fig. 121), of about the
same date, are identical with
each other and similar to the last,
but the six surrounding lights of the tracery are flamboyant.
One of the two at East Riddlesden Hall (that on the West
Front) (Plates xciv, xcv, and xcvi), built about 1640, and the
one at Kershaw House, Luddenden (Plate c), built in 1650,- and
that at Lumb Hall, Drighlington (Plate xcn), are all identical,
and consist of eight radiating lights with trefoil heads surrounding
a circular centre light with cusped double-quatrefoil tracery. The
one on the East Front of Riddlesden Hall (Plates xcm, xcv, and
xcvi) is somewhat similar, but the heads of the radiating lights
are curiously shaped and the centre light has no cusping. That
at Horton Hall, Bradford (Fig. 49), built in 1676, has the same
number of radiating lights, but the heads have ogee arches and
the shafts (or spokes of the wheel) are shaped like balusters
and the tracery round the circular centre light is also shaped.
It has been suggested that the reason for the ecclesiastical
design of these windows was that the small rooms which they
lighted were used as private oratories or prayer closets, but this
may be open to question, and these rose-windows were perhaps
only used as decorative forms suitable to the position over the
entrances. In any case, they are extremely interesting, not being
found elsewhere, in addition to being intrinsically beautiful.
A unique form of window for a house is that in the tower of
Horton Hall, Bradford (Fig. 49), above the rose-window. It
consists of four circular lights set vertically in a diagonal square
26 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
moulded frame, and it is curious that this should be the soli-
tary example of so pleasing a shape.
Almost all windows had label or hood mouldings, which were
either continued as string courses or more often had the ends
returned downwards vertically for a few inches, and then hori-
zontally, with returned ends, sometimes curving upwards or
having curiously shaped ornamental terminals (Fig. 50) in the
form of " devil's arrows " and interlacing or alternating scrolls
and other devices of great variety and interest, not found in
HAUFAX.
GREAT House, VPPER COCKROFT. BWROYD.
SOYLAND. KratwoETH NORLAND.
THE liowRDYO.
BAR.K.ISLAND
HEWHILL HALL,
JTOR.LAND HALL. BRADFOE.D.
1 f
SCALEOF FtET
FIG. 50. LABEL MOULDING TERMINALS.
other parts of the country, except in a few of the old houses of
the same period in the adjoining county of Lancashire, though not
by any means so frequently there.
Most of the windows were flat, but there are numerous
examples of bay windows of a great variety of shapes and sizes.
The simplest form (Fig. 51, No. i) with two lights on the front
face and one on each of the canted sides is rarely met with,
the only instances that can be recalled being the oriel at
Cawood Castle (the gatehouse) before mentioned and the two-
storey bay windows at Clifton Manor House, near York, a late
seventeenth-century building, with wide window lights. The
usual plan (No. 2 in the same illustration) was to have three
lights on the front face, as at Methley Hall, near Rotherham ;
BAY WINDOWS
27
Heath Hall, near Wakefield ; The Nunnery, Arthington ; Middle-
ton Lodge, Ilkley (all oriels, with the sides at a flatter angle) ;
and at Fairfax Hall, Urmston ; Heslington Hall, near York ; and
the Lodge, Malton. Then there are bay windows with four
lights in front and one
on each of the canted
sides (No. 3), at Great
Houghton Old Hall
and Burton Con-
stable Hall, and with
five lights in front
(No. 4) at Heath Hall,
Farnley Hall, and
Fountains Hall, the
last named having the
canted sides almost at
right angles to the
front instead of the
usual angle, from 40
to 50. Of bay win-
dows with two lights
on the front and two
on the canted sides
(No. 5), there are
examples at the gate-
house or Marmion's
Tower, Tanfield, and
Great Houghton
Hall ; while at Boiling
Hall, Bradford, and
Temple Newsam
there are some with
four lights in front
and two on the canted
sides (No. 6), and at Farnley Hall there is one with five lights on
the front face and two at the sides (No. 7). The one at Weston
Hall, near Otley, has six lights in front and two on the canted
sides, and has short returned square ends (No. 8), differing in
that respect from all the previous examples, as it does in being four
storeys high, the others being one or two. At Temple Newsam
and Burton Constable Hall (Nos. 9 and 10) there are bay
FIG. 51. PLANS OF BAY WINDOWS.
28 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
windows with five and six lights respectively on the front face and
three on each of the canted sides, and two or three storeys
high. Five-sided bay windows semi-octagonal on plan, are found
at Hipswell Hall (No. n), before mentioned, with one light on
each face, and at Bradley Hall, Stainland, and Heath Hall (No. 12),
having two lights on the front and canted sides and one light on
the square return sides, the former being two storeys high and the
latter four. At Gilling Castle (No. 13) there is a similar window,
but with three lights on the front face, and two storeys high ;
also at Welburn Hall, Howsham Hall, and Burton Agnes Hall
(No. 14), but with four lights on the front, and at the last-
named hall two of the bay windows have two lights on each
of the five sides, and are three storeys high. Bashall Hall, near
Clitheroe, has a bay window with five lights on the front face,
two on each of the canted sides, and one on each of the return
sides. The one-storey bay window at Kiddal Hall is the same
on plan, but one side is blank, forming part of a projecting
wing. Two windows at Marske Hall are similar to the last, but
have four lights (No. 15) on the front face and are only two
storeys in height. At Pontefract Hall and Temple Newsam
(No. 1 6) there are three-storied bay windows with three lights
on three sides and one on the other two.
Heath Hall (No. 17) has a square bay window over the
porch, with seven lights in front and one on each return side, and
at Temple Newsam (Nos. 18 and 19) there is a similar one with
six lights in front and three at each side, also one with six in front
and two at the sides, and some with four lights in front and two
at each side.
Fountains Hall (No. 20) has a semicircular bay window of
five lights, and there are two of six lights, two storeys high at
Great Houghton Hall (No. 21), and two similar shaped windows
of ten lights each at Burton Agnes Hall (No. 22) three storeys
high. At Cayley Hall, near Otley, there is a six-light bay window
of unique shape, the two centre lights being canted as well as
the two end lights (No. 7A).
Most of the bay windows are two lights in height, but some are
three, as at Fountains Hall (Plates LXXIV, LXXV, and LXXVI), Gilling
Castle (Fig. 95), Burton Constable (Plates LXXXIII and LXXXIV), and
Howsham Hall (Plate LXXVII), and a few only one, usually the top
storey, but sometimes the bottom, as at Fountains Hall and
WINDOW MOULDINGS
29
S CAI.E or FKET
FIG. 52. WINDOW JAMB MOULDINGS.
Temple Newsam (Plate
LXXXV).
The window mould-
ings vary considerably
in detail and outline.
The few remaining
mediaeval examples
follow the style of
their respective periods,
and the earliest one,
at Grassington Hall (Fig. 37), is a simple splay. Those at
Markenfield Hall (Plate xxxvi) are more elaborate, but the
fifteenth-century existing specimens are not much richer.
In the early sixteenth-century windows at Skipton Castle (Fig.
84 and Plate XLI) the mouldings are rather heavy, having three
or four members in addition to the ordinary fillets between,
but from the time of Elizabeth until the end of the seventeenth
century they had only two main members. In most parts of the
county the head and jamb mouldings were of the same section,
the head being in one piece ; but in the West Riding it was
customary to have the outer splay of the jamb (and wide mullion,
if any) much flatter than that of the head, which was in two
pieces, the subhead and transome being notched on to the jamb
as far as the outer splay. The sixteenth-century inner mould-
ings were usually concave or " cavetto," as at Hollin Hey,
Cragg Vale, near Halifax (Fig. 54), built in 1572 and recently
QukBMBrHAii. .. MmHjmN.vM>IUu
. _ _ ,
SCALE OF ftET.
FIG. 53. WINDOW HEADS AND SILLS.
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
ELEVATION te MAJLr PLAN
FIG. 54. HOLLIN HEY, CRAGG VALE, NEAR HALIFAX.
SECTION.
demolished ; also at Linthwaite Hall, near Huddersfield (Plate
LXIV), and the Nunnery, Arthington (Plate XLIX), rebuilt in 1585.
The sill of the first-named was in two pieces, each splayed, an
unusual arrangement, the sill being almost invariably in one piece,
either moulded like the jambs or with only one flat splay outside.
The windows of Oakwell Hall, near Birstall (Plate LI), built in 1583,
have " ovolo " or convex curved mouldings with small fillets,
and the seventeenth-century window mouldings were either
similar or with an ogee or a splay instead of an ovolo, the
splay being the most common. A variation of this occurs at
East Riddlesden Hall (Plate xcvi), in the wing built in 1692,
where the windows have external ovolo outer mouldings to the
head and jamb with fillets projecting beyond the face of the wall,
f. . r, . f.,?-,,?
SCALE OF FEET
FIG. 55
STRING M6ULDINGS.
FIG. 56.
STRING COURSE AT SNAPE, SOWERBY.
SCALE OF FEt-T.
HOOD MOULDINGS AND STRING-COURSES 31
the sill having one splay above the fillet and a hollow moulding
below.
At Quarmby Hall, near Huddersfield (Fig. 53), some of the
window mouldings have an additional fillet between the outer
splay and the inner cavetto.
As a rule, the reveal was square, with a groove for glass, but at
Swinsty Hall (Fig. 93) there is also a small rebate and the inside
reveal is slightly splayed, so that the inside moulding corresponds
with the outside one.
The mullions and transomes were
5 to 6 inches wide and 9 to 12 inches
thick, the wider mullions being 1 1 or
12 inches wide and 15 to 20 inches
thick.
The outer splay of the West Riding ., ,?.-.<-.
windows was usually about 5 inches
deep and 5 or 6 inches high on the FIG. 57. CHIMNEY CAPS.
head, but only i^- or i inches wide
on the jamb and larger mullion, though it was sometimes 2 or 3
inches wide.
There was riot so much variation in the hood or label mouldings
as in those of the window openings. At Markenfield Hall (Plate
xxxvi) they were of the " decorated " style, and those of the
fifteenth-century or " perpendicular " period were continued
without much alteration throughout the sixteenth and part of
the seventeenth centuries, no doubt on account of their excellent
shape for throwing off the water.
During the seventeenth century more Renaissance forms were
also used, as at East Ardsley Hall (Fig. 113) and East Riddlesden
Hall (Plate xcvi), though not so good for their purpose as drip-
stones.
The string-courses (Fig. 55) were similar in section and were
stepped up and turned over arches in the same way. One at
Snape, Sowerby (Fig. 56), is twisted in a curious manner over a
carved bell above the doorway and in serpentine fashion to reach a
lower level.
At Fountains Hall (Plate LXXVI) the string-courses are in the
form of Renaissance cornices, some of them with a frieze and
architrave, but this is almost the only instance of this treatment,
though some of the larger houses, such as Temple Newsam (Plate
FIG. 58.
PARAPETS AND GABLE COPINGS.
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
LXXXVI), Goldsborough
Hall (Plate LXXIX), and
Burton Constable Hall
(Plates LXXXIII and
LXXXIV), have string-
courses of similar section
but smaller in scale.
The chimney-caps
(Fig. 57) of the sixteenth
and seventeenth cen-
turies were similarly
moulded, without much
variation, and were
generally slightly
weathered on the top,
or sometimes splayed.
The parapets had moulded copings (Fig. 58) which did not
vary much from the mediaeval examples, except that the splays
became flatter in later times. The balustrades had flat-topped
moulded copings.
Gable copings (Fig. 58) were of the same type, with small
alterations of the mouldings and splayed surfaces. Some had flat
tops, with or without a roll. The springers of the gable feet
were of various outlines, but only one stone as a rule.
The plinth (Fig. 59) usually had a simple splay, but there
are a few with mouldings of a " perpendicular " type though
found on buildings of the sixteenth and early seventeenth cen-
turies. Many of the larger houses of the latter century had
moulded as well as splayed plinths, the mouldings being of a
Renaissance character.
The doorways and entrance archways to the porches were
FIG. 59. PLINTH MOULDINGS.
SCALE OF Fttn
FIG. 60. ENTRANCE DOORWAY MOULDINGS.
a
_
a
Z
u;
3
-
s
a:
u:
i
a.
o
-j
-
HI
iir
V
X
g
a
z
w
a
z
1/5
X
o
I
DOOR MOULDINGS, CORBELS, TERRACES & GATEWAYS 33
generally moulded (Fig. 60), though some of the smaller ones were
only splayed; and the mouldings vary considerably in outline, which
can be better understood from sketches than
descriptions. Where there are two or more
orders of mouldings, the outer members were
either square-headed or formed into the curious
shapes before mentioned, the inner members
having three- or four -centred arched heads.
In some cases all the mouldings followed the ^j -A-* -
same curves, and invariably so when the arches
... * FIC.OI. ORIEL WINDOW
were semicircular.
CORBFLS.
The corbelling of the oriel windows (Fig.
6l) was moulded in a simple manner, that at Marmion's Tower,
Tanfield (Plate xxxvn), consisting of splays and fillets ; and
those of the latter part of the sixteenth century at the Nunnery,
Arthington (Plates XLVIII and XLIX), Heath Hall (Plate XLV) and
Methley Hall (Plate LVII) having mouldings of Renaissance outline.
There are not many examples of terraces still remaining,
but the one at Woodsome Hall,
near Huddersfield (Fig. 97 and
Plates LXI and LXIII), with its
open balustrades with square
moulded balusters and the
flowering plants growing out of
the joints of the stone paving,
has a charming old-world
appearance. At Heath Hall
(Plate XLV) the terrace and steps
down from it have dwarf walls
with splaysided copings instead
of balustrades. The external
steps of both these houses have
rounded nosings, most of the
steps elsewhere being square.
Some of the seventeenth-
century gateways are pictu-
resque, particularly those with
archways as at Ball Green,
Sowerby ; Coley Hall, Light-
no. 62. HOLDSWORTH HOUSE. cliffe (PlatC VIl) J 3ttd High
34
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
FIG. 63. SHARLSTON HALL.
Sunderland, near Halifax (Plate vm and
Fig. 31) this last having some interest-
ing carving on the frieze and pilasters,
the latter being in the form of beautiful
scroll-work.
At Burton Agnes there is a gatehouse
of considerable size (Plate LXXII), with
octagonal angle turrets and a semicircular
arched entrance in the centre, rather
similar to the gatehouse at Charlecote,
Warwickshire.
The gate-posts were usually square
massive pieces of masonry, with moulded
bases, necking and caps, surmounted by
ball finials with square moulded bases,
and they generally had square projecting
stops for the gates with curved shaped
tops. Those at Holdsworth House, near
Halifax (Fig. 62), had in addition small columns with detached
shafts on the external face, each carrying a ball. The smaller
gate-post at Sharlston Hall, near Wakefield (Fig. 63), has a
pyramidal terminal.
There were two very picturesque gate-posts with stone seats
combined at Knowsthorpe Hall (Fig. 132), each post having four
ball finials and a larger obelisk terminal in the centre, but these
have been removed to Temple Newsam.
Few garden pavilions of earlier date than 1700 still exist. That
at Kildwick Hall (Fig. 126) is a small, square, detached building
with a door and windows and a gabled roof. The one adjoining
Knowsthorpe Hall (Fig. 132) is in a half-ruined condition and
has open archways on two sides with female statues on each flank.
There are not many examples of ornamental leadwork still
remaining, but the rainwater heads and battlemented gutters at
Woodsome Hall are interesting, though of a simple character.
Th e window open-
ings were always filled
with leaded glazing
(Fig. 64), the glass
usually being clear and
FIG. 64. LEAD GLAZING. the lead cames about
GLASS; HALLS AND SCREENS 35
three-eighths of an inch to half an inch wide and in a variety
of patterns forming diamond panes (which were general up to the
latter part of the sixteenth century), then squares or quarries and
oblongs (rather higher than their width) and many other shapes
more easily illustrated than described. Panels of stained glass with
painted armorial bearings and other devices were frequently intro-
duced into the upper parts of the windows. The glass was let into
grooves in the window frames and secured by strong wrought-
iron saddle-bars built into the jambs and mullions, and some-
times by similar vertical bars let into the heads and sills, or by both.
The casements were of wrought iron, and were not very
numerous, many of the large windows having only a portion of one
light fitted with a casement to open.
Most of the interiors of these old houses have been altered, but
there are a few which still remain almost exactly as when built,
whilst a great many contain portions which have not suffered from
subsequent alterations, and there are hardly any but can show
at least one room which gives evidence of its original, or at any
rate former, condition.
The most interesting part of the interior is generally the large
hall or " house-body," and this has frequently been allowed to
remain in something like its former state even in houses where
many of the other rooms have been modernised, though in some of
the houses subdivided into tenements the hall is empty and unused,
and in other cases it has been converted into a kitchen.
In- Markenfield Hall (Plates xxxiv and xxxv) the great hall
and the chapel are now disused, and the other rooms have been
altered to suit modern farmhouse requirements. Woodsome Hall
(Plates xvin, LXI and LXIII) has remained practically unaltered
since the seventeenth century, and several houses, such as Swinsty
Hall (Plate XLVII) and Oakwell Hall (Plates ix, LI, LII, and LIII)
have not suffered much change. The halls and staircases of most
of the large houses still exist in much the same condition as when
built, but many of the houses only contain one or two rooms with
their ancient beams or plaster ceilings and oak panelling.
The fine old carved oak hall-screens still exist at Oakwell Hall
(Plate ix), Methley Hall (Plate x) and Burton Agnes Hall
(Plate xi). They all consist of coupled columns with semi-
circular arched openings and panelling between. The last-named
is very elaborate and has three rows of carved panels and figures
36 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
above the arcade. That at Kirklees Hall (Plate xxxn) was similar,
but has been altered and refixed in the dining-room against the
end wall, with an eighteenth-century door in the centre.
There are good oak staircases with good carving at Methley
Hall (Plate xn), Burton Agnes Hall (Plate xin) and The Howroyde,
Barkisland (Plate xiv), and simpler examples at Goldsborough
Hall (Plate xv),
Baildon Hall (Plate
xv), Oakwell Hall
(Plates LI, LII, LIII),
and Langley House,
Hipperholme (Plate
xvi), these twohaving
the original dwarf
dog-gates, and the
risers of the steps of
the latter being
panelled.
The gallery usu-
ally ran round three
sides of the lofty
hall, with a balus-
trade similar to that of the staircase, but at Woodsome Hall (Plate
xvui) the gallery is only on one side, opposite the window, and in
the end partition there are openings with shutters painted like
window lattices, with small casements, which can be opened to give
a view down into the hall. There is a similar opening, with real
glazed casements, in the restored half-timber partition in the upper
part of the hall of Treasurer's House, York.
Several of the great open fireplaces with stone arches still
remain in the halls of the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century
houses. The arched openings are usually three-centred and
moulded, with stops about a foot above the floor. The one at
Lumb Farm, Giggleswick (Fig. 65) has a column and side arch.
At East Riddlesden Hall the large hall (now the kitchen) fire-
place_ (Plate xvn) is flanked with elaborately carved columns
carrying an entablature, all of stone. A similar one, but plainer, is
in the same position at Wood Lane Hall, Sowerby. That in the
Earl of Huntingdon's room at the King's Manor House, York
(Platev),hasasegmental arched opening, with carved and moulded
FIG. 65. FIREPLACE, LUMB FARM, GIGGLESWICK.
FIREPLACES
37
keystone, voussoirs and pilasters. At Woodsome Hall (Plate xvni)
the hall fireplace has a very wide opening with stone seats within
(a real " ingle-nook "), the moulded jambs being corbelled out and
carrying a deep lintel with " Arthur Kay-Biatrux Kay " delicately
carved on it in large letters with fleur-de-lys and rose for stops.
In the hall at Burton Agnes there is a very elaborately carved stone
and marble chimney-piece (Plate xix) with a square fireplace
opening flanked by coupled Ionic columns covered with arabesques
and supporting an entablature, above which are caryatides and a
large sculptured panel " the wise and foolish virgins " and
another storey of three carved armorial panels and female figure
pilasters, surmounted by a pediment. Of a similar type is the one
at Heath Hall (Plate xx), but the columns are fluted and carry
coupled Corinthian
columns on pedestals
with carved panels,
the large panel be-
tween having the
sculptured episode of
"The death of
Jezebel." There is
no third tier in this,
nor in the hall
chimney-piece of the
same character at
Fountains Hall (Fig.
66), entirely of stone
like the last, but
with single carya-
tides and columns
instead of coupled
columns, the subject
of the sculptured
panel being " The
judgment of
Solomon."
Many of the
fireplaces of the
seventeenth century
had stone-arched FIG. 66. CHIMNEY-PIECE, FOUNTAINS HALL.
38 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
openings with the outer mouldings worked into curious shapes and
curves like the doorways, and the chimney-pieces were usually of
oak with carved pilasters or caryatides and panels with delicately
carved and enriched semicircular heads, surmounted by richly carved
friezes and cornices. In some cases the oak chimney-pieces were
similar to those of stone, with columns covered with arabesque
carving or fluted, supporting entablatures and panelled and
pilastered overmantels, sometimes one panel with coupled
pilasters and strap ornament at the sides and above the upper
cornice, as at Carbrook Hall, Sheffield (Plate xxix), but more often
three panels and four single pilasters. There are fine carved oak
chimney-pieces at Methley Hall (Plate xxi) and in the dining-
room at Gilling Castle (Plate LV), where the inlaid panelling is
remarkably interesting. A curious feature of some of the over-
mantels is the central pilaster, as at Oakwell Hall (Plate LIT) and
Woodsome Hall (Plate xxiv).
Some of the panelled rooms had no special chimney-piece, the
upper part of the panelling simply being continued across the stone
fireplace opening ; but it was usual to enrich the panelling above the
fireplace with some ornamental features and carving (Plate xxvi).
One of the most elaborate examples of panelling is that in the
"oak room" at Burton Agnes (Plate xxx), with pilasters and
much carving, and that in the hall and drawing-room (Plate xxxi)
with carved arched-headed panels, is not much less rich. Good
specimens may also be seen in the dining-room at Kirklees Hall
(Plate xxxn) (with richly carved coupled columns) and many
other houses, and hardly any of these old halls and homesteads are
without some of their original oaic panelling. There is some
strap-work carving on a beam in Norland Old Hall (Fig. 67).
Decorative plaster-work was used from the time of Elizabeth.
There are several overmantels of plaster, with the Royal arms
(Charles I) as at
Lower Hall, Nor-
land (Fig. .68),
with caryatid
pilasters and
cupids. At
Marsh Hall,
Northowram
(Fig. 69), a deep FIG. 67. NORLAND OLD HALL.
DECORATIVE PLASTER-WORK
39
FIG. 68. LOWER HALL, NORLAND.
FIG. 69. MARSH HALL, NORTHOWRAM.
FIG. 70. LEES HALL, THORNHILL.
frieze is formed of
arcades containing ar-
morial bearings and
alternate lions and
unicorns carrying ban-
ners in the spandrils,
the panels of the
pilasters between the
arches being enriched
with cupids (like the
last). A finely
modelled coat-of-arms
of Charles II fills the
space over the fire-
place at New Hall,
Elland (Plate xcvin).
The ribbed ceiling in
the dining-room at
Temple Newsam is the
same pattern as one in
No. 5 Coney Street,
York (Fig. 74), for-
merly Lord Darnley's
house, where there are
other ornamental
plaster ceilings, one
being panelled by ribs
forming squares, dia-
monds and quadrants,
and the other being
covered with scroll
foliage and flowers,
with a frieze to corre-
spond. A room on
the upper floor at
Hawksworth Hall
(Fig. 101 and Plate
xxxin) has a segmen-
tal ceiling much en-
riched. In the dining-
4
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
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FIG. 71. LEES HALL, THORNHILL.
FIG. 72. BAILDON HALL.
FIG. 73. MARSH HALL, NORTHOWRAM.
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THE HALL SCREEN. BURTON AGNES HALL
Plate XII
STAIRCASE. METHLEY MALI.
Plate XIII
STAIRCASE. BURTON AGNES HAI.L
Plate XIV
STAIRCASE. THE HOWROYD, BARKISLAND
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rtaETLA.cc IN KnmrNf"" r~n*i, )
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FIREPLACES AND CEILING. ETC. EAST RIDDLESDEN HALL, NEAR KEIGHLEY
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Plate XX
CHIMNEY-PIECE IN STATE CHAMBER. HEATH OLD HALL, WAKEFIELD
Plate XXI
CHIMNEY-PIECE AT METHLEY HALL
Plate XXII
CHIMNEY-PIECE. THE OLD COCK INN, HALIFAX.
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Plate XXV
CHIMNEY-PIECE IN GHOST ROOM. BOLLING HALL. NEAR BRADFORD
PUte XXVI
LEES HALL. THORNHILL
EAST RIDDLESDEN HALL
CARVED PANELS OVER FIREPLACES
Plate XXVII
CHIMNEY-PIECE IN ROOM ABOVE DRAWING-ROOM. KILDWICK HALL
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ORNAMENTAL PLASTER CEILINGS
room at Gilling
Castle (Plate LV)
there is a very elabo-
rate ceiling with ribs
and pendants. Heath
Hall contains some
ribbed and enriched
plaster ceilings of
good design (Plates
xx, XLVI, and Fig.
75), and a frieze of
straps, scrolls and
masks. The oak-
room at Burton
Agnes (Plate xxx)
has the ceiling
covered with scroll
foliage and flowers
beautifully designed,
and at Burton Con-
stable there is a
curious frieze of
mermaids, dragons
and foliage in the
long gallery. At
Lees Hall, Thornhill
(Fig. 70), the oak-
room has a plaster
frieze of asses, goats,
sphinxes and oak
trees, continued at
the sides of the
beams, with a ribbed
ceiling (Fig. 71) in
squares, hexagons,
and octagons with
enrichments almost
identical with those
in the dining-room
at East Riddlesden
FIG. 74. CEILING AT j CONEY STREET, YORK.
FIG. 75. HEATH OLD HALL.
D
42 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
Hall (Plate xvn),
where the ribs form
circular panels and
right-angled inter-
sections alternately.
At Marsh Hall,
Northowram (Fig.
73), the ribbed ceil-
ing pattern consists
of octagons (enclos-
ing diagonal squares)
connected by hexa-
gons and pentagons
(withirregular sides),
and the ceiling in the
passage next the hall at Oakwell Hall
squares in the octagons
; ^?
FIG. 76. AT 5 CONEY STREET, YORK.
FIG. 77. BOLLING HALL
identical, excepting the
Good examples of ornamental plaster
ceilings exist also at
Baildon Hall (Fig. 72),
Boiling Hall (Fig. 77),
and Heath Old Hall
(Fig. 75). There are
elaborate central de-
vices in the hall ceil-
ings at Wood Lane
Hall, Sowerby, and
Langley House,
Hipperholme (Fig.
78), and some orna-
mental panels at Kild-
wick Hall and other
houses. The ceilings
had cornice mouldings
of moderate size, and
these ran on each side
of the beams, which
were plastered, and
usually had their
soffits enriched by
scrolls of foliage and
ENRICHED PLASTER FRIEZES
43
fruit or flowers. A
frieze at Woodsome
Hall (Fig. 8 1) had a
merman clasping the
hands of two mer-
maids, and on either
side a basilisk facing
them. This same
basilisk occurs in a
frieze at The Grange,
Shibden, between
alternate fleur-de-.lys'
and flower vases, and
also at Langley Cot-
tage, Hipperholme,
where it appears at
each side of a centre
device consisting of
a double arcade with
winged lizards up-
right in the pilasters
and mermaids and
fleur-de-lys in the
panels, the spandrils
of the arches being
filled with foliage and
fruit. An almost
identical design is in
the dining-room at
FIG. 78. LANGLEY HOUSE.
FIG. 79. WOODSOME HALL.
FIG. 80. KILDWICK HALL.
FIC. 8l. WOODSOME HALL.
44 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
Giles House, Lightcliffe, except that the panels have fruit and
foliage enrichments. The frieze in Lord Huntingdon's room at
the King's Manor House, York (Plate v), similarly has basilisks
(though rather different) supporting a pomegranate, and the
crest (a bear and staff) alternately with the monogram enclosed
in a garter. At Kildwick Hall (Fig. 80) there is a frieze of cocka-
trices and scroll foliage and vases, and another of masks and flowers.
Strap-work friezes may be seen at Temple Newsam (Fig. 82),
" Knostrop " Hall, and Boiling Hall. It is evident from the recur-
rence of the same patterns and devices in different houses that
the same craftsman did the plaster work in various parts of the
county or that at all events the same moulds were used.
Who were the architects
of these interesting old JK*
houses is not known, but it
is evident that they were
able and artistic designers
and good constructors. No
doubt the master-masons FIG - 8z -
were responsible for the FR.EZE IN D IN .NC-ROOM,
. , r , . , TEMPLE NEWSAM.
plans and elevations ot most
of the houses, but probably an architect (or " surveyor," as he was
then called), such as John Tnorpe or Thomas Holt, of York, or
one of the Smithsons, of Derbyshire, would be employed to de-
sign the larger mansions of the late sixteenth and the seventeenth
centuries. It is remarkable that there should be so much variety,
considering that there was only one traditional style and the '
requirements must in many cases have been similar. Even
amongst the smaller houses there are not two alike, though many
of them have several points of resemblance and certain features
and details of similarity, which have been already mentioned.
Perhaps it is only natural that Yorkshire, being the largest county
in England, should possess old houses of greater variation in design
than any other shire or county, especially in view of the fact that
agriculture has prospered there along with manufacture, commerce
and other industries, and also that there was a plentiful supply
of the materials required for building, of a kind likely to endure.
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Plate XXXII
KIRKLEES HALL DINING-ROOM.
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45
DESCRIPTIONS OF HOUSES ILLUSTRATED
GRASSINGTON HALL (Fig. 37)
The oldest existing portion, consisting of a large central hall on
the upper floor (with pointed arch tracery-headed windows) and
smaller rooms below, was built of stone in the last quarter of the
thirteenth century by Sir Robert Plumpton, and it was added to
and altered in the sixteenth century, and again in recent times,
plain glass having been substituted for the old leaded glazing in the
windows and the interior having been much modernised.
MARKENFIELD HALL, NEAR RIPON (Plates xxxiv, xxxv,
and xxxvi)
This is one of the best examples still remaining of a mediaeval
manor house built partly for defence. John de Merkingfield
obtained a licence to crenellatc in 1310, and shortly afterwards
erected the earliest part, which consists of an L-shaped building
faced with dressed stone and containing a large kitchen and servants'
offices on the ground floor, a large hall approached by an external
stone staircase (now demolished) over the kitchen, with a solar and
garde-robe, also a chapel and chaplain's room adjoining on the first
floor and some bedrooms on the second floor, a stone turret stair-
case giving access to all these upper chambers. The windows of the
hall and chapel have traceried arched heads, most of the other
windows having square heads, inserted later.
The outbuildings, stables and gatehouse were built in the six-
teenth century of rubble stone, and with the older buildings and
wing walls they surround a courtyard, the whole being encompassed
by a moat, over which a stone bridge gives access to the gate.
The main building has been partly modernised internally and is
now occupied as a farmhouse.
CAWOOD CASTLE, NEAR SELBY (Fig. 32 ; Plate xxxvn)
Tnis was originally the palace of the archbishops of York, and
Cardinal Wolsey lived here. Only the gatehouse built by Arch-
bishop and Chancellor Kempe (1426-52) now remains, a three-
storied stone building with a " perpendicular " oriel window over
the entrance archway.
46 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
MANOR PLACE, TANFIELD (Plate xxxvn)
Of this home of the Marmion family only the gatehouse, known
as " Marmion's Tower," remains. It is a fifteenth-century three-
storied building of dressed stone, with a beautiful little " perpen-
dicular " oriel window over the entrance archway, but it is now
without a roof and in a semi-ruinous condition.
FIG. 83. NAPPA HALL.
NAPPA HALL, WENSLEY DALE (Fig. 83 ; Plate xxxvm)
The Metcalfe family built this house of stone about 1459, with
a large central hall between two towers of different heights, one of
them containing a circular turret staircase. The south-east wing
was added about 1637, and occupied separately by Thomas Metcalfe,
whose elder brother James lived in the main building. The house
is now altered and modernised internally.
HIPSWELL HALL, NEAR RICHMOND (Plate xxxix)
A manor house built of stone by Alan Fulthorpe in the fifteenth
century, with a beautiful two-storied bay window on the south
front. John Fulthorpe, the last male heir, died in 1557 and left
the property to his daughter Anne, who married Francis Wandes-
ford, of Kirklington. George Wandesford altered the house and
OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY
47
added to it in 1593, the date and initials G. W. being inscribed
over the door. The building is now a farmhouse.
FIG. 84. SKIPTON CASTLE.
SKIPTON CASTLE (Figs. 33, 84 ; Plates XL and XLI)
The earliest portions date from Norman times, but the main
buildings were erected of dressed stone by the Clifford family in
48 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
Edward IPs and Henry VIII's time, those round the courtyard with
a yew tree in the centre being of the latter period, with two storeys
of bay windows. They are now unoccupied.
KIDDAL HALL, NEAR BARWICK-IN-ELMET (Figs. 4, 41,
and 85)
The Elys (or Ellis) family built this manor-house, cf stone faced
with ashlar, in the fifteenth century, the picturesque bay window
FIG. 85. KIDDAL HALL.
with its carved cornice and parapet having been added by Thomas
Elys and Anne his wife in 1501, according to the inscription on it.
The upper part of the adjoining gable is of half-timber work, over-
hanging the wall below, in which eighteenth-century sash windows
have been inserted. On the east side there is a sixteenth- or early
seventeenth-century bay window with a stone roof.
SHIBDEN HALL, NEAR HALIFAX (Plate XLII)
The original house, consisting of a central hall and passage with
a kitchen and buttery adjoining and two rooms at the other end of
the hall, was built by the Otes family in the fifteenth century, of
timber construction on a stone foundation. It was altered by John
Savile (who married the Otes heiress) in the early part ol the
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V fWl M-PtAM LwtHIOM
NAPPA HALL, WENSLEY DALE
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OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
49
sixteenth century, and later by Robert Waterhouse, who probably
substituted the large stone window in the hall for the original oak
one, using some of the old stained glass in the leaded lights and
adding new armorial panels, also casing the " house-body " with
rubble stone walls. Some additions were made on the north side in
the first part of the seventeenth century. Since 1613 the property
has been in the possession and occupation of the Lister family, one
of whose members altered and enlarged the house about 1835,
putting in a new staircase and substituting the larger window lights
in the gables, but otherwise the main half-timber front remains as
it was in Queen Elizabeth's time and much of the original interior
work still exists.
> BEAM *KC
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FIG. 86. " SIX CHIMNEYS," KIRKCATE, WAKEFIELD.
" SIX CHIMNEYS," KIRKGATE, WAKEFIELD (Figs. 86 and
8?)
The front is of timber and plaster construction above the ground-
floor storey, with slightly overhanging upper storeys, and it was
probably built in the early part of the sixteenth century. Most of
the windows were altered in the eighteenth century, and the ground-
floor walls are covered with plaster. The building is now a shop.
5 o OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
WORMALD'S HALL, ALMONDBURY, NEAR HUDDERS-
FIELD (Figs. 20 and 88)
The upper part, of half-timber work, appears to date from
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ the early sixteenth
century, but the
rubble stone lower
storey was built in
1631, according to
the date on the door-
way (Fig. 20). Pos-
sibly this was a re-
building or casing of
the original timber
structure. The in-
terior contains some
of the oak panelling,
but has been con-
siderably altered and
is now occupied as a
FIG. 87. " SIX CHIMNEYS," KIRKCATE, WAKEFIELD. political Cmb.
LEES HALL, THORNHILL, NEAR DEWSBURY (Figs. 70
and 71 ; Plate xxvi)
About 1530, or shortly after, this simple half-timber house was
built by Robert Nettleton, and it has not been much altered
since, except as regards the windows. One of the rooms contains
a carved oak chimney-piece (Plate xxvi) and some beautiful
plaster decoration in the frieze and ceiling (Figs. 70 and 71).
BOLLING HALL, NEAR BRADFORD (Figs. 77 and 89;
Plates xxv and XLIII)
This once stately mansion was the seat of the Boilings and the
Tempests, and has two mediaeval towers of uncertain date and a
wing built in the fifteenth century, with one of the original tracery
headed windows, but the greater portion of the existing building is
of the time of Elizabeth, with some later additions and alterations,
a nineteenth-century two-storey bay window being the last ex-
ternal disfigurement. It was the headquarters of the Earl of
Newcastle during the siege of Bradford in 1642, but its glory has
departed and it is now subdivided into tenements. The interior
has been much altered and modernised, but contains a fine oak
chimney-piece (Platexxv) and some interesting plaster-work (Fig. 77).
OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
THE OLD HALL,
PONTEFRACT (Plate
XLIV)
Only the outer walls
of this building now
exist, but it was a large
house three storeys high,
with square towers
carried up another storey
at the angles. Lord
George Talbot built it
about 1560, with the
stones of the old Priory,
then recently de-
molished.
WORMALD S liALL, ALMONDBURY.
HEATH OLD HALL,
NEAR WAKEFIELD (Figs. 16, 75 and 90; Plates xx, XLV and XLVI)
This house is nearly square on plan and was built of stone faced
with ashlar, about 1564 by John Kaye. Some of the mullioned
windows have been superseded by double-hung sashes, and other
alterations were made in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,
but the exterior remains for the most part as it was originally, a
three-storey building with bay windows (carried up as octagonal
turrets) in the front and oriel windows at the side, the walls being
capped with an elaborate open parapet. Internally there is a fine
carved stone chimney-piece dated 1584 (Plate xx)and some of the
old oak panelling and plaster ceilings (Fig. 75), but there have been
many alterations made from time to time in maintaining the Hall
SOVTH ELEVATION.
FIG. 89. ROLLING HALL.
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
CHAMBER FLOOR
10 5 10 20 30 40 50
FIG. 9- HEATH OLD HALL, NEAR WAKEFIELD.
as a gentleman's residence. The design of Barlborough Hall,
Derbyshire (close to the Yorkshire border), built in 1583, is
almost identical, and must have been modelled on that of Heath
Old Hall, though there are some variations and modifications.
DANBY HALL, NEAR MIDDLEHAM (Fig. 91)
Of the Plantagenet mansion only a few internal walls remain.
FIG. 91. DANBY HALL.
OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 53
In Henry VIII's time the whole house was remoldelled by the
Scrope family, whose descendants have owned it ever since, and it
became a three-storied stone manor-house with gables, the small
battlemented tower and the black oak staircase being of this period.
In 1658 the Simon Scrope of the day refaced the house, making it
two storeys only and substituting for some of the gables a balustrade
in which the date and his initials appear. Alterations and additions
have been made from time to time. Tne house contains a priest's
hiding-place.
THORPE SALVIN HALL, NEAR WORKSOP (Figs. 18 and
92 ; Plate XLIV)
Hessie Sandford, the last of that family, built this once stately
manor house of dressed stone about 1570, on an almost square plan,
with circular turrets at the angles. Only the front now remains,
the rest of the building having been demolished, the walls (nearly
level with the ground) indicating the former plan of the building.
The chimney-stacks on the front wall are unusual, and the gate-
house, so near the Hall, is rather uncommon. It is now used as a
pigeon-cote.
SWINSTY HALL, NEAR OTLEY (Fig. 93 and Plates XLVII
and XLVIII)
Few of the ancient halls have retained their original features to
a greater extent than this manor house, which was built by the
Wood family in 1570 of stone dressed on the face. The plan is a
typical one of the period, having a large hall or living-room with a
great open fireplace and small stair leading to the solar (panelled in
oak with a carved frieze), a small kitchen at a lower level, and ail
enclosed stone staircase giving access to the two upper floors.
Much of the old leaded glazing remains in the windows, and on the
panes of the hall window are the initials and date " H. R. G. 1627."
THE NUNNERY, ARTHINGTON (Plates XLVIII and XLIX)
The present house was built on the site and with the stones of
the old Nunnery, and contains the original stone turret staircase.
The initials T. B. and date 1585 are carved in the spandrils of the
doorway, and from this it is assumed that one of the Briggs family
was the builder. It is now a farmhouse and the interior has been
much altered, the lower flight of the stone staircase having been
54
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
Pl AN
FIG. 92. GATEHOUSE, THORPE SALVIN HALL.
walled up and many of the window lights blocked up inside. Some
of the old oak panelling and ornamental plaster-work still remain.
THE KING'S MANOR HOUSE, YORK (Fig. 5 ; Plates v, vi and L)
The oldest part of this building was erected by Abbot Sevyer
in 1490, and it was altered and added to by Henry VIII as an
occasional royal residence and for the purposes of the Great Council
of the North, whose Presidents also lived in it. The greater por-
tions of the existing building were added by the Earl of Huntingdon
about 1580, by Lord Sheffield about 1601, and lastly by the Earl of
Strafford about 1635, these noblemen having been Presidents.
OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
55
EtEVATion
The later additions were of brick and dressed stone (from the ruins
of St. Mary's Abbey). Two of the doorways and one large fireplace
are enriched by carving. James I stayed here in 1603, and
Charles I in 1639. The building is now used as a school for the
blind and has been considerably altered for that purpose.
OAKWELL HALL, NEAR BIRSTALL (Fig. 94; Plates ix, LI,
LII, and LIII)
This typical West Riding manor house was built of dressed
stone by Henry Batt in 1583, and has been very little altered since,
some fireplaces hav-
ing been put in
during the eigh-
teenth century and
some small internal
alterations having
been made in the
early part of the
nineteenth century
to adapt it for use
as a girls' school, but
it has now been
restored to its
original purpose as
a private residence.
The hall and many
of the rooms con-
tain the old oak
panelling and the
dog-gates at the foot
of the staircase still
remain, also the
ornamental plaster
ceiling in the pas-
sage next the hall
and the old lattice
glazing in the large
window. The
house is interest-
ing as having been
rrone joSnx or RWELUNO OAK ROOM
LAJVOE WINDOW Monjunios^
PART or BAI.V?TIUU> M MMJ
HWf1 MEASVMOI
.1 nr
or r reer run
FIG. 93. SWINSTY HALL DETAILS.
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
FIG. 94. OAKWELL HALL.
of
the original of the " Fieldhead
" Shirley."
Charlotte Bronte's
LEDSTON HALL, NEAR CASTLEFORD (Plate LIV)
The oldest portion (most of the south-west front) was built of
stone by Henry Witham in 1588 and added to considerably by the
Earl of Strafford in 1639-41, and again by Sir John Lewis (ancestor
of the present owner, Mr. Granville Hastings Wheler) about 1660.
The numerous gables, many of them with curved outlines and
pediments, and the square angle turrets with ogee roofs, give the
'building a picturesque outline; but the long rows of sash windows
are monotonous and uninteresting, compared with the original
stone mullioned windows. The house is a large one and occupies
three sides of a square. Ledston Lodge was also built by Sir John
Lewis about 1660.
GILLING CASTLE (Fig. 95 ; Plates LV and LVI)
The existing building, all of stone, is partly of the late fourteenth
century, when the Etton family built the original castle, and the
dining-room wing with its fine bay window was rebuilt in 1585 by
Sir William Fairfax, whose ancestor married Elizabeth Etton, and
Plate X I.I II
ENTRANCE FRONT
GARDEN FRONT
BOLLINp HALL, BRADFORD
Plate XLIV
PONTKFRACT OLD HALL
THORPE SALV1N OLD HALL
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Plate X1.VII
SWINSTV HAI.I., NEAR OTI.EY
Plate XI-V1II
SW1NSTY HAUL, NEAR OTLEY
THE NUNNERY, ARTHINGTON
Plate XI. IX
THE NUNNERY, ARTHINGTON
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NORTH EAST ELEVATION.
SOVTH WEST JLEVATION.
CROVND PLAK.
10 20 30
SCALE OF FEET.
OAKWELL HALT
Plate LI
NORTH WEST LEVAnTION
SECTION CD.
AK liRADFORD
aovTH LAST SIDE. OF SCHOOLROOM
BBBBBaBBB&aHlIaHKBIltlBBll
NORTH EAST SIDE or HALL.
OAK WELL
Plate LI I
IXIWEST FLIGHT or
STAIRCASE.
i VEST SIDE or SCHOOLROOM.
5ovm EAST END or HALL.
i at 2* 33 a* 35 r
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OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
57
whose family and
descendants have
owned the property
since the time of
Henry VIII until a
few years ago. The
interior of the din-
ing-room has a fine
carved oak chimney-
piece, and the walls
are covered with in-
laid panelling sur-
mounted by a frieze
of forest work with
armorial shields and
an elaborate plaster
ceiling with rich
mouldings and pen-
dants. The windows
contain some ex-
cellent painted glass
of the same date.
The rest of the building was altered in the eighteenth century.
FIG. 95. GILLING CASTLE.
METHLEY HALL (Plates x, xn, xxi and LVII)
The north front and the central hall (with its lofty windows)
on the entrance front were built of ashlar-faced stone by Sir John
Savile in 1593, and his descendant the second Earl of Mexborough
(great-grandfather of the present owner) enlarged and altered the
building very considerably in the first half of the nineteenth century.
The old oak screen and staircase and some of the chimney-pieces
still remain, but most of the interior is modern.
GAWTHORPE HALL, NEAR BINGLEY (Plate LVIII)
This house was built of stone by Anthony Walker about 1596,
and it has been altered and added to from time to time, though the
entrance front retains most of its original features and the character
of the building has been maintained. The varying pitch of the
gables is interesting and picturesque.
58 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
KIRKLEES PRIORY GATEHOUSE, nr. BRIGHOUSE (Fig. 96)
The older part of this small building was erected in the latter
part of the fifteenth century, chiefly of rubble stone with half-
timber gables, -and the stone gables with dressed ashlar walls were
probably added about 1610 by John Armytage, when the greater
part of the Hall was built. Robin Hood is reputed to have died
at Kirklees Priory.
FIG. 96. KIRKLEES PRIORY GATEHOUSE.
THE RECTORY, GUISELEY (Fig. 17; Plates LVIII and LIX)
According to the inscription on the panel above the porch
entrance, this house was built by Robert Moore in 1601, or rebuilt,
as it incorporates the timbers of an earlier house. It is of stone,
with a dressed face, and some of its features are unusual, the open-
arched gable finials being unique, and the projecting parapet
carried on corbels having a mediaeval appearance. The front has
not been much altered, excepting the leaded glazing, but the
interior has been much modernised. The house has recently
been restored.
OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 59
BAILDON HALL (Fig. 72 and Plate xv)
The Baildons built this stone-faced house in the time of
Elizabeth, the plan being of the usual type of the period, with a
large central hall (one storey high, with rooms over) and two
rooms at each end. The drawing-room still contains its Eliza-
bethan or early Jacobean panelling and richly modelled plaster
frieze and ceiling, and the original staircase, with its rather
unusual wall balustrade, still remains. The porch has disappeared
and some of the stone mullioned windows have been removed
and replaced by wood sashes in square stone architraves. The
interior has been altered and the house has been occupied as a
farmhouse for more than a century.
BINROYD, NORLAND, NEAR HALIFAX (Plate LX)
The present house was built of ashlar-faced stone in the time
of Elizabeth, by the Brigg or Briggs family, on the site of an older
homestead, part of which was incorporated, the mediaeval timbers
being still visible inside the later structure, which is unusual in the
high pitch of some of its roofs and the semicircular heads of most
of its windows. It is now subdivided into cottages.
WOODSOME HALL, NEAR HUDDERSFIELD (Figs. 17, 19,
22, 79, 81 and 97 ; Plates xvm, xxiv, LXI, LXII and LXIII)
The back part of this house was built in the sixteenth century
and the front portion by Arthur Kay in 1600, according to the
date over the porch entrance. Some additions were made in 1644,
since when it has not been altered. It is all of dressed stone
externally, except some of the back window frames, which are of
oak, and it surrounds a large internal open courtyard, with a
fountain in the centre and a colonnade at one end. The pitch of
the roofs is rather higher than most of those in the West Riding,
but otherwise the features are typical and the building is an excel-
lent example of an Elizabethan gentleman's house, kept practically
intact until the present day. It is now occupied by Lord Lewisham,
eldest son of the Earl of Dartmouth, the owner, a descendant of the
Kays through marriage with the Legge family. The hall and most
of the rooms contain the original panelling and some of the chimney-
pieces and ornamental plaster ceilings, also the oak staircases and
gallery in the upper part of the hall.
6o
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
FIG. 97. THE TERRACE, WOODSOME HALL.
FIG. 98. GREAT HOUCHTON HALL.
OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
61
mi
GREAT HOUGH-
TON HALL,
NEAR BARNS-
LEY (Fig. 98)
Th is manor
house (as it then
was) was built of
stone in Elizabeth's
time by Francis
Rodes, the eminent
judge, for his fourth
son, Sir Godfrey
Rodes, Kt. It is
now converted into
an inn and has suffered considerably from dilapidation, internal
alteration, and recent unsightly external additions and disfigure-
ments.
FIG. 99. LINTHWAITE HALL.
LINTHWAITE HALL, NEAR HUDDERSFIELD (Fig. 99;
Plate LXIV)
The Linthwaite family built the main portion about 1600, of
stone faced with ashlar, and it was added to later by the Lockwood
family, who owned the property after 1615. It is now divided into
tenements and the interior has been much altered, except the large
hall, which remains almost as it
was and 'has some of the old leaded
glazing in the windows. The
continuation of one side of the
large gable over the room above
the porch is unusual.
iiiii
IIBI Hill
Illl
1191! I.MJ
FIG. IOO. BRADLEY HALL, STAINLAND.
BRADLEY HALL, STAIN-
LAND (Fig. 100)
Only a portion of the original
house remains. It was built by
Sir John Savile about 1600, of
stone partly dressed on the face.
The most interesting feature is
the two-storey bay window, semi-
62 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
octagonal on plan. The building has been altered and converted
into cottages.
FIG. IOI. HAWKSWORTH HALL.
HAWKSWORTH HALL (Fig. 101 ; Plate xxxm)
The Hawks worth family, who were owners of the property in
Norman times and lived here until the nineteenth century, built
this stone mansion, on the site of an earlier house, about 1600, and
one of the rooms bears the royal arms with the date 1611, James I
being said to have stayed here with Sir Richard Hawksworth, Kt.
Most of the mullioned windows have been superseded by wood
sashes, but there is some good old oak and plaster-work in the
interior, notably in the room illustrated.
RAWDON HALL (Plates xxm and LXV)
George Rawdon built this manor-house of stone with a dressed
face about 1 600, his initials and those of his wife, G A R> being over
the porch door, and his descendants have owned it ever since and
OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 63
occupied it until recent years. Externally the building has not
been much altered. The dining-room contains the original oak
panelling and chimney-piece, and in the hall is a curious sideboard
attributed to Francis Rawdon (son of George), below a carved
stone frieze.
MIDDLETON LODGE, NEAR ILKLEY (Plate LXVI)
The Midelton family were settled here in the Middle Ages and
erected the present stone house in the time of Elizabeth and lived
in it until a few years ago. A chapel was added during the last
century, and other additions and alterations have recently been
made, but the main building is almost unaltered.
WESTON HALL, NEAR OTLEY (Plate LXVII)
This stone-built mansion was erected in the time of Elizabeth
by the Vavasour family, who owned the property in the Middle
Ages, and it retains most of its original external features, the semi-
circular headed window lights and the large bay window of four
storeys in the gabled wing forming a picturesque contrast. An
enormous cedar blocks the front door, and the principal entrance
is now at the side. Behind the Hall is a large and lofty mediaeval
tithe-barn, with a fine open timber roof. There is also a detached
pleasure-house or banqueting hall, contemporary with the Hall.
Col. Dawson, the present owner and occupier of the property, is
descended maternally from the Vavasours.
FARNLEY HALL, NEAR OTLEY (Plate LXVIII)
The older part was built of ashlar-faced stone, about 1 600, by
the Fawkes family, who settled here in mediaeval times and have
lived here ever since. Some of the mullions have been removed
from the windows, but otherwise the ancient features of the
building have been retained, and the interior contains some of the
original oak panelling and a fine carved oak chimney-piece. Large
additions were made to the house in 1786, in the Renaissance stvle
of the period.
BURNSALL GRAMMAR SCHOOL AND HOUSE (Fig. 12;
Plates LXVIII and LXIX)
This building was erected of stone, with a dressed face, in 1602,
by Sir William Craven, Lord Mayor of London (a native of the
parish), as the inscription panel over the porch entrance testifies,
6 4 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
and it remains practi-
cally the same as when
built, of simple but
pleasing proportion
and detail.
HESLIN GT O N
HALL, NEAR YORK
(Plate LXX)
The original house,
facing the entrance
court, was built of
brick and stone, about
1600, by the Yar burgh
family, maternal an-
cestors of the present
owner, Lord Dera-
more. It has recently been restored, partly rebuilt, and enlarged.
BURTON AGNES HALL (Figs. 27, 102, 103, and 104; Plates
xi, xm, xix, xxxi, LXXI and LXXII)
Sir Henry Griffith (whose descendants, the Boynton family.
FIG. IO2. BURTON AGNES HALL.
FIC. 103. BURTON AGNES HALL.
Plate LVII
MKTHLEY HALL
Plate LVII1
GAWTHORPE HALL, NEAR BINGLEY
THE RECTORY, GU1SELEY
Plate L1X
SCALE or FKET
CUISELEY RECTORY
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Plate I. XIII
Or flKlNT ENTTUkNCC.
ECUDDERSFIELD
SI-A.I.C or FEET
L1NTHWAITE
Plate LXIV
SECTION.
BETAJL op L^OIGF; Sovrn EAST WINDOW TM
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MIDDLE-TON LODGE, NEAR ILKLEY
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FARNLEV HALL, NEAR OTLEY
BURNSALI. GRAMMAR SCHOOL AND HOl'SE
Plate LX1X
ELECTION.
END ELEVATION.
SECTION CD.
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Willam Crauen
Alderm&n'of
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Of this School
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BURNSALL GRAMMAR SCHOOL AND HOUSE
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Plate LXXI
BURTON AGNES HALL
OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
still own it)
built this man-
sion of brick
and stone, in
1601-3, and
added to it in
1628, since
when it has not
been much
altered, except-
ing the substi-
tution of wood
sashes for some
of the stone
mullioned win-
dows. It is a
large house,
nearly square
on plan, with
an internal
courtyard,
round which
the rooms are
arranged. The
principal en-
trance is at
the side of the
projecting
porch, instead of in the front, in the usual way.
The interior contains some fine carved chimney-pieces of stone,
marble, and oak, and some rich oak panelling and an elaborate
oak staircase. The sumptuous hall screen, decorated with carving
and sculpture, was brought from Barmston Hall, another seat of
the Boyntons. There are also some ornamental plaster ceilings.
The picturesque gatehouse of brick and stone was built in 1601
by the same owner who built the Hall.
NORTON CONYERS, NEAR RIPON (Fig. 105 ; Plate LXXIII)
This house was built in the time of Elizabeth by the last of
the Norton family, after which it came into the possession of the
FIG. 104. BURTON
ACNES HALL.
66
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
NORTON CONYERS HALL.
Graham family, who have owned and occupied it ever since. The
curved outlines of the gables are suggestive of Flemish influence,
and they form a pleasing contrast with the plain square plastered
walls, almost unrelieved by projections. Most of the mullioned
windows have been replaced by wood sashes.
BROWSHOLME HALL, NEAR CLITHEROE (Fig. 28)
The Parker family have lived here for more than 500 years and
built a house on the present site early in the sixteenth century,
adding to it in the time of Elizabeth. Edmund Parker built the
existing long three-storied facade of dressed stone about 1605 to
1610, with the door not quite in the centre, and gabled dormers
and a gabled wing at each end. About 1700 a wing was built to
the east with a good staircase. The stone mullioned windows were
removed early in the eighteenth century and replaced by wood
sashes, the dormers being also removed, and at the beginning of the
nineteenth century the west wing was rebuilt and the present
incongruous mullions were inserted in the Hall and Library
windows, the eighteenth century stone architraves being left. The
interior has been altered, but contains some good panelling of about
1680-5 in the first-floor rooms and some elaborately carved
Jacobean oak chimney-pieces brought from other houses.
OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
FIG. IO6. UPPER COCKROFT, RISHWORTH.
UPPERCOCKROFT, RISHWORTH,NEAR HALIFAX (Fig. 106)
The older portion of the existing house was built of stone,
mostly ashlar-faced, by George Holroyd, whose
initials and the date, " G. H. ano. domi. 1607,"
are inscribed on the headstone of the original
door, now covered by a porch of later date, when
considerable additions were made to the building,
and the present picturesque group was formed.
KIRKLEES HALL, NEAR BRIGHOUSE (Figs.
14 and 107; Plate xxxn)
The oldest portions (the south and west fronts)
of the present house were built in the sixteenth
century, at a short distance from the Priory, the
property having been bought from the Savile
family in 1565 by John Armytage, ancestor of
the present owner, Sir George John Armytage,
Bart., F.S.A.
The stone from the Old- Priory was largely
used in the building of the north front, about
1610, by John, second son of John the purchaser,
and most of the original walls remain, the north
front faced with ashlar and the rest with rubble
stone ; but nearly all the mullioned windows FIC 10 -
were removed and partly built up, sash windows KIRKLEES HALL.
68 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
of quite different proportions having been substituted about the
year 1780, though the parapets and finials were left. The early
octagonal turret with its high-pitched stone roof still remains
on the south front, near one of the original chimney-stacks, with
a group of four diagonal shafts, and the dining-room contains
some of the original oak panelling and screen work with carved
columns and arches.
FOUNTAINS HALL (Fig. 66 ; Frontispiece ; Plates LXXIV, LXXV,
and LXXVI)
Sir Stephen Proctor built this picturesque and stately house
in 1611, with the stones from the adjoining abbey. It is unusually
lofty, being five storeys high, and the central hall is on an upper
floor, with a larger and loftier room (known as the Chapel or justice
room) above, the ground floor being occupied by servants' offices.
This arrangement was due to the steep rise of the site behind the
building limiting its depth. The ashlar-faced exterior is practically
unaltered, but some internal alterations have been made to suit
modern requirements.
" THE OLD NOOKIN," OULTON, NEAR LEEDS (Fig. 108)
From the inscription, " Edrus Tailor, it. Apr. 10, 1611," on
the front, the date of erection of this house appears to have been
later than that of most of the half-timber buildings in Yorkshire,
where this method of construction was discarded after the sixteenth
century.
HOWSHAM HALL, NEAR MALTON (Fig. 13; Plate LXXVII;
Sir William Bamburgh built this mansion in 1612 of dressed
stone, said to have been from the Priory of Kirkham. The front is
chiefly remarkable for the numerous mullioned windows (some of
them large bays) and the vandyked or aronaded parapets which
run round the house. Sash windows have been inserted on the
other side and back in place of the mullions, and the interior has
been altered, very little of the original work remaining.
THE MANOR HOUSE, WYKE, NEAR BRADFORD (Fig. 109)
The oldest part was built of rubble stone by E. Empsall in 1614,
and the ashlar-faced front portion was added in 1694 by J. A.
OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
69
FIG. IO8. "THE OLD NOOKIN, OULTON.
FIG. lOg. THE MANOR HOUSE, WYKE.
7 o
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
Empsall. It is one of the plainest and simplest of the West Riding
houses.
FRIAR'S HEAD, NEAR GARGRAVE (Plate LXXVIII)
Probably this stately house with its four gabled projections
of three storeys was built in the early part of the seventeenth
century by the Proctor family, the heads of the gable windows
being exactly the same as those of one or two halls in Lancashire
of that date. The building is of stone, faced with ashlar, and the
exterior has not been altered. The gable finials are unusually tall
and large.
GOLDSBOROUGHHALL, NEAR KNARESBOROUGH (Plates
xv and LXXIX)
Sir Richard Hutton built this house of brick and stone about
1620. Some of the windows have had wood sashes substituted
for the stone mullions, but otherwise the exterior is not much
altered, though most of the interior has been modernised. The
old oak staircase, however, remains.
THE LODGE, MALTON (Fig. no)
This house was built of stone, at the same time as the large
mansion (now vanished) by Ralph, Lord Eures, in James I's reign.
FIG. IIO. THE LODGE, MALTON.
OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 71
TREASURER'S HOUSE, YORK (Plate LXXX)
The core of this building is mediaeval, but the exterior was
built by Sir George Young about 1620, and the interior was
altered in 1695 to 1700, also in the eighteenth century, when the
front was considerably pulled about and altered. The house was
restored in 1897.
MOULTON HALL, NEAR RICHMOND (Plate LXXXI)
The style of this house is unusual, the horizontal bands of
dressed stone forming every course giving it a hard striped appear-
It was probably built in the first quarter of the I7th century.
ance.
FIG. III. HUDDLESTON HALL.
HUDDLESTON HALL, NEAR MICKLEFIELD (Fig. in)
This house is said to have been built by the Hungate family
in the early part of the ijth century, of stone from the neigh-
bouring Huddleston limestone quarry. The gables are of square
pitch, an unusual one, most of the roofs in this county being
steeper or (more often) flatter.
7 2
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
BREARLEYHALL,
MIDGLEY, NEAR
HALIFAX (Fig.
112)
The main build-
ing is a typical
West Riding manor
house built of stone,
with a dressed face,
by the Lacy family
in 1621, and the
external appearance
has not been much
changed, except the
window glazing ; but
the interior has been
considerably altered
and a new wing has been recently added to one end of the house,
at right angles to the front.
FIG. 112. BREARLEY HALL, MIDGLEY.
EAST ARDSLEY HALL, NEAR WAKEFIELD (Figs. 113
and 114)
According to the date on the apex-stone of each of the larger
gables, this house was built in 1622, of rubble stone, and the two-
storey ashlar-faced porch was added in 1632 by Robart Shaw, as
the inscription and dates on the doorhead show. The central
position of the porch is unusual. A modern door has been inserted
in the right wing, otherwise the front has not been altered, excepting
the window glazing.
MARSH HALL, NORTHOWRAM, NEAR HALIFAX (Figs.
42, 69, and 73)
James Otes built this house in 1626 of rubble stone, his initials
and those of his wife Mary, I.O.M. and the date being over the
front door, and its chief feature is the large hall window of thirty-
six lights in three rows of twelve. The external walls have been
covered with stucco and the windows in one of the front gables
have been altered, the old mullions having been removed and
narrow wood sashes substituted, and the old leaded glass has
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PAL FLOOD PIAN
FOUNTAINS HA
Plate LXXV
CROSS SECTION
,O JO ,80
-I 100
C Of FEET
NKAR RIPON
FWM HMKV
m
Plate I.XXVI
FOVNTAIN3 HAUL
I^LT NFAR RlPON
CENTRE POSTION OF SOVTH FBOMT.
i j . J j .j ^j. iojjiit
FOUNTAINS HALL, NEAR RIPON DETAILS
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OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
73
PtAB.
SO .0
DBTAIL opTVtopiT Dooa-
j ? I y
SCALE OF FEET
FIG. 113. EAST ARDSLEY HALL.
c.i of 'T.
disappeared. The interior contains some interesting plaster
decoration.
HIGH SUNDERLAND, NEAR HALIFAX (Fig. 31; Plates i,
vin, and LXXXII)
This stone-built house was erected by Abraham Sunderland
FIG. 114. EAST ARDSLEY HALL.
74 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
in 1629 and differs from most of the houses of that period in having
a long flat facade of ashlar, with a battlemented parapet and
crocketed pinnacles. The gateway at the south-west corner has
some well-carved scroll ornament on the pilasters (Fig. 31), and
a good frieze, and there are sculptured figures over the columns
flanking the principal entrance. The building is in a dilapidated
condition and has not been occupied as a gentleman's residence
for nearly a hundred years, being now subdivided into tenements.
ROYDS HALL, LOW MOOR, NEAR BRADFORD (Plate
LXXXIl)
The Rookes family owned this property for nearly four centuries
and Richard Rookes lived here in 1458, when the house was a
timber-framed building. The central portion of the existing
house was rebuilt with ashlar-faced stone by William Rookes in
1640, the date being over the porch, and other portions are dated
1651 and 1656, the back door-head being inscribed 1686.
The extreme eastern end was added in 1770 by the last of the
family, Edward Rookes, who took the name of Leedes on marrying
an heiress. The ground-floor windows of the west wing have had
modern sash windows inserted, but the rest of the front remains
as when built, except the window glazing, most of which is now
plain instead of leaded. The house is still a gentleman's residence.
NEWBURGH PRIORY, NEAR COXWOLD (Fig. 115)
The oldest part of the existing mansion was built of stone by
Sir Thomas Belasyse (Baron Fauconberg) about 1627, on the site
of an Augustinian Priory, and probably from the stone taken
therefrom. It now forms the body of the house, with its picturesque
three-storey porch in the angle. Large wings were added to the
building in the eighteenth century. The present owner, Sir
George Wombwell, Bart., is descended from the Lord Fauconberg
who built the house.
BURTON CONSTABLE HALL (Plates LXXXIII and LXXXIV)
This large imposing pile was built of brick and stone about
1630 by the Constable family, whose descendants still own and
occupy it. The exterior has not been much altered, but the
interior has been modernised. The house is built round three sides
OF THE
of an entrance court
with projections and
large bay windows
on the outer faades.
TEMPLE NEW-
S A M, NEAR
LEEDS (Figs. 35
and 82 ; Plates LXXXV
and LXXXVI)
Sir Arthur In-
gram built the pre-
sent stately mansion
of brick with stone
dressings, in 1630, on
the site of an earlier
house in which Lord
Darnley (husband of
Mary, Queen of
Scots) was born. It
occupies three sides
ofa square, and
externally is chiefly
remarkable for the
number and sizeof the
bay windows and the
openwork parapet of
stone letters forming
a succession of pious
SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
75
FIG. 115. NEWBURCH PRIORY.
mottoes. The interior contains some fine
rooms and a beautiful modern carved oak staircase, similar to
that at Hatfield, with elaborate plaster-work on the walls and
ceiling. There is some good plaster decoration and oak panelling
in the dining-room also. The late owner, the Hon. Mrs. Meynell
Ingram, left the property to her nephew, the Hon. Edward
Lindley Wood, son and heir of Viscount Halifax.
MARSKE HALL, NEAR REDCAR (Fig. 116; Plate LXXXVII)
Sir William Pennyman built this house of stone, dressed on the
face, in 1625, and the exterior remains almost unaltered. The long
FIG. Il6. MARSKE HALL.
76 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
front is made pictu-
resque by the bay win-
dows and square turrets
with curved stone roofs.
CRAWSTONE HOUSE,
GREETLAND, NEAR
HALIFAX (Plate
LXXXVIIl)
The older portion of
this house was built of
stone, with a dressed face,
by John Ramsden in
1631, and the wing on
the right of the facade
was added about 1700,
the windows of this part having originally had mullions and
transomes, which have since been removed and replaced by wood
sashes. Plain glass has been substituted for the leaded glazing in
most of the old mullioned windows and a modern doorway
has been inserted.
ESHOLT OLD HALL, NEAR BRADFORD (Fig. 117)
The first part of this house was built of stone, probably by Sir
Richard or Hugh
Sherburne towards
the end of the
sixteenth century,
and added to by the
Calverley family
about the middle of
the seventeenth
century, and is
remarkable for the
large wide gable on
its facade. Some of
the windows have
been altered and the
building is now sub-
FIG. 117. ESHOLT OLD HALL. divided into cottages.
OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 77
BARKISLAND HALL, NEAR HALI-
FAX (Fig. 118; Plate LXXXIX)
Tnis manor house was built of
ashlar-faced stone in 1632 by John
Gledhill, whose coat-of-arms and the
date are carved over the entrance. It
differs from all the others in that locality
in being three storeys high instead of
two, the projecting porch (with its two
tiers of columns and unique rose-window
in the gable) being of similar height.
The exterior remains as it was, excepting
the insertion of a doorway in one
corner and a few small wood sashes in
the mullioned window lights, but the
interior has been altered and subdivided
into two farm dwellings.
HOLDSWORTH HOUSE, OVEN-
DEN, NEAR HALIFAX (Fig. 62 ; Plate
LXXXVIIl)
According to the inscription (now FIC Jlg BARKISLAND HALL .
almost undecipherable) over the porch
entrance, this house was built by Abraham Brigg in 1633 of rubble
stone, except the porch which is faced with ashlar. Since 1657 it
has belonged to the Wadsworth family, who built the curious
gateway (Fig. 62) in 1680 and the barn in 1687. The house is
now overgrown with ivy and has been divided into two, a doorway
having been broken out in the gabled wing on the right of the
front. The interior contains some of the original oak panelling
and fittings. Wood casements and plain glass have been
substituted for the leaded glazing.
LOWER HALL, NORLAND, NEAR HALIFAX (Figs. 20 and
68; Plate xc)
George Taylor built this house of stone, dressed on the face,
in 1634, his inititals and the date being on the porch and outer
gables. The porch doorway has been walled up and now forms a
window, and two modern doorways have been broken out, in
portions of the windows, the building having been converted into
cottages. The leaded panes have now been replaced by plain
7 8 OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
glass, and the interior has been much altered. In the central hall
over the stone fireplace there is a fine piece of plaster-work,
consisting of the Royal Arms and date 1635, with ornamental
panels and foliage (Fig. 68).
CATHILL FARM, NEAR PENISTONE (Plate xci)
The initials and date over the front door of this picturesque
house, of dressed face stone, are '<;, but it is not known who
built it. The projecting porch is in the centre of the facade,
unlike most of the West Riding houses, and the gables are of
unusually high pitch. The leaded glazing has been superseded
by plain glass in wood casements.
FIG. 119. LOW HALL, DACRE.
LOW HALL, DACRE (Fig. 119)
Above the front entrance of this ashlar-faced stone-built
homestead " M. W. 1635 " is inscribed, but whose the initials
are is not known. The pitch of the gables is unusually low.
LUMB HALL, DRIGHLINGTON, NEAR BRADFORD
(Plate xcn)
The Brookes family built this house (probably in the second
quarter of the seventeenth century) of stone, dressed on the face,
OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 79
and externally it has not been altered, excepting the substitution
of wood casements and plain glass for the lattice glazing in the
mullioned window lights. The Catherine-wheel window over the
porch is exactly similar to those at Kershaw House, Luddenden,
and East Riddlesden Hall, near Keighley (the garden front). The
interior contains some of the old oak panelling, but has been altered
and is now occupied as a farmhouse.
EAST RIDDLESDEN HALL, NEAR KEIGHLEY (Plates
XVII, XXVI, XCIII, XCIV, XCV, XCVl)
Tne greater part of this typical example of a West Riding
manor house was built of ashlar-faced stone in 1640 by James
Murgatroyd (formerly of Warley, near Halifax), whose initials
appear with the date on one of the outbuildings. The earliest
portion of the existing house is the one-storey central hall (now the
kitchen), probably built (of similar stone) by the Paslew family, who
were lords of the manor here for about two centuries, and doubtless
lived in a timber-built structure on the same site. The property
came into the possession of Edmund Starkie towards the end of
the seventeenth century, and he added the north wing (of which
only the front wall now remains) in 1692, according to the date on
the adjoining garden doorway. The stonework of this is like
the older work, but the windows are only two lights wide, and of
larger openings than those of the earlier dates. The main block,
built in 1640, is rather unusual in being nearly square on plan,
and having the parlour (now the dining-room) behind the hall,
instead of the latter extending from front to back. The two
porches, with archways flanked by columns, have Catherine-wheel
windows above, the one on the garden side being like those at Lumb
Hall, Drighlington, and Kershaw House, Luddenden, while the
one on the entrance front is unique in design. The old central
hall (now the kitchen) has a fine open fireplace with a stone arch
and elaborately carved flanking columns. The parlour (now the
dining-room) is oak panelled with a carved frieze, and has an orna-
mental plaster ceiling. The exterior still remaining is unaltered,
excepting the window glazing and a new doorway on the west
side, the house having been divided into two, the buildings now
being used for farm purposes.
8o OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
THE HOWROYDE, BARKISLAND, NEAR HALIFAX (Fig.
120; Plates n, xiv)
William Horton built this house of rubble stone in 1642, accord-
ing to the date and initials on the west gable and over_the front
doorway, and it has been in the possession and occupation of the
Horton family ever since. The hall window contains the original
FIG. I2O. THE HOWROYDE, BARKISLAND.
stained glass with armorial bearings and figures illustrating the
five senses. Most of the rooms have the old oak wainscoting,
and the carved oak staircase still remains. Wood sashes have been
inserted in the east and west gables in place of the stone mullioned
windows, spoiling the appearance of the front.
HAGSTOCKS, SHIBDEN DALE, NEAR HALIFAX (Plate xcvii)
This rubble-stone house was built by the Stancliffe family
probably about the middle of the seventeenth century. It is now
a farmhouse.
NEW HALL, ELLAND (Figs. 45 and 121 ; Plate xcvm)
The original timber-framed house was built in the latter part
of the fifteenth century by Nicholas Savile, and it was refronted
Plate LXXXII
i,
HIGH SUNDERLAND, NEAR HALIFAX
ROYDS HALL, LOW MOOR, NEAR BRADFORD
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Plate I.XXXV
TEMPLE NEWSAM, NEAR LEEDS
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Plate LXXXV1II
CRAWSTONE HOUSE, GREETLAND, NEAR HALIFAX
HOLDSWORTH HOUSE, NEAR HALIFAX
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EAST RIDDLESDEI
Plate XCV
OvrnvuJM.tc AT SovrntJUT Cuiuira
EAST RlDBLESBEN FtALL.
NEAR KEIGHLEY.
ELEVATION or Rxm orwarFnojir.
ir F o 1
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c or TY.tT txjh He I-
EAST RIDDLESDEN
PUle XCVI
ELEVMTONOrErElnANCE. 8CCTWN
or IMurr Rxx* ^stonxm-s.
-L EXTERNAL DETAILS
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PUle XCV11I
NEW HALL, ELLAND
OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 81
with rubble stone by ^
John Foxcroft about
1640 or shortly after.
Over the ashlar-faced
projecting porch is
a rose window with
flamboyant tracery,
like the one at Wood
Lane Hall, Sowerby,
and the embattled
parapet is also similar,
though the finials are
missing. The win- FIG I2I NEW HALL> ELLAND
dows in the gabled
wings are of later date and inferior detail, but the large hall
window retains the diamond-shaped leaded panes. From the
oak-panelled hall an oak staircase ascends to a gallery running
round three sides, and the wide open fireplace with its stone arch
is surmounted by a large plaster cast of the Royal Arms, dated
1670. The building is now a farmhouse.
WOOD LANE HALL, SOWERBY, NEAR HALIFAX (Plate
xcix)
This house was built of stone faced with ashlar, probably on
the ;site of a timber structure, in 1649, by John De'arden, whose
initials, with those of his wife -and the date, appear on the porch.
The exterior is more ornamental than most of the houses of that
period in the neighbourhood, and is remarkable for the number
and size of the finials on the gables and embattled parapets, also
for the large variety of carved gargoyles on the side elevation.
The rose window with flamboyant tracery over the porch entrance
is exactly similar to the one at New Hall, Elland. Plain glass has
been substituted for the leaded panes. There is some oak panelling
in the interior, and some of the original ornamental plaster work
on the ceiling of the hall still remains.
COLEY HALL, NEAR HALIFAX (Plate vn)
The arched gateway is dated 1649, but only the back portion of
the house retains its gables and mullioned windows, the front
having been rebuilt in the eighteenth century, though the old
oak wainscoting and staircase remain in the central hall.
82
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
KERSHAW HOUSE, LUDDENDEN, NEAR HALIFAX
(Fig. 23 ; Plates c and ci)
This picturesque house, with its ten gables, was built of rubble
stone, with ashlar dressings and porch front, in 1650, according to
the date over the porch entrance, but whether the initials " T.M.
and E.M." are those of the Midgley or Murgatroyd family is not
certain. The exterior is unaltered, except that some of the window
lights have been blocked up and others have had plain glazed wood
casements inserted in place of the diamond-shaped leaded panes,
which still remain in the back windows. Above the porch is a
Catherine-wheel window, like those at Lumb Hall, Drighlington,
and East Riddlesden Hall, near Keighley (the garden front). The
interior has been much altered and modernised.
THE MANOR HOUSE, MOUNT GRACE PRIORY, NEAR
NORTHALLERTON (Fig. 122)
The gateway and some portions of the outer walls belonged
to the old Priory buildings of about 1400, but most of the manor
house was built by Thomas Lascelles in 1654, as the initials and
date on the porch show. The building was much decayed and
FIG. 122. THE MANOR HOUSE, MOUNT GRACE PRIORY.
OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
FIG. IZj. LAWKLAND HALL.
dilapidated, though inhabited, in 1900, when it was restored and
altered, and is now a gentleman's residence again.
LAWKLAND HALL, NEAR SETTLE (Fig. 123)
Picturesquely situated in a well-wooded valley, this is a typical
manor house of the Craven district, built of stone in the latter
half of the seventeenth century by the Ingleby family, who occupied
it continuously until about fifty years ago. A room on the second
floor, formerly used as a chapel, contains a priest's hiding-place
below the recessed hearth.
GILES HOUSE, LIGHTCLIFFE, NEAR HALIFAX (Plate
en)
This house, previously a timber structure, was rebuilt of rubble
stone in 1655 by Thomas Netherwood, whose initials and the date
are over the door. Its flat triple-gabled front is very plain and
simple, much resembling that of Low Hall, Dacre, built twenty
years previously. The holes and ledges in the centre gable are for
pigeons. Recently the windows have been restored and new iron
casements and glass (mostly leaded) inserted.
8 4
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
BULLHOUSE HALL, PENISTONE (Plate en)
Sylvanus Rich built this house of ashlar-faced stone in 1651;,
and it is remarkable in having one gable (over the right projecting
wing) of flatter pitch than the other three, which are rather steep
pitched. The leaded glazing has been replaced by plain glass in
wood casements.
POLLARD HALL, GOMERSAL, NEAR BRADFORD (Plate
cm)
Tempest Pollard built this house of stone, dressed on the face,
in 1659, and it has not suffered much from alteration and moderni-
sation, a new wing, added at one end in the nineteenth century,
being in harmony with the older building, which retains most of
its ancient features internally as well as externally. The hall
window, four lights high, is unique in the county.
LOWER ?IALL, LIVERSEDGE (Fig. 124)
This stone-built house was erected about 1660 by William
Greene, a nephew of Lieut. Greene, of Liversedge Hall. It is
now divided into several tenements, and the exterior has been
plastered and the window-lights fitted with wood casements and
FIG. 124. LOWER HALL, LIVERSEDGE.
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Plate Cll
GILES' HOUSE, LIGHTCLIFFE. NEAR HALIFAX
BULLHOUSE HALL, PENISTONE
Plate CHI
POLLARD HALL, GOMERSAL, NEAR BRADFORD
1BIIBI
anuGii
1Q.DOW
fQDlffl
'D 'IN
OVENDEN HALL, NEAR HALIFAX
FIG. 125. NORLAND HALL, NEAR HALIFAX.
OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
plain glass in place
of the former leaded
glazing. The in-
terior contains some
interesting fire-
places.
The Greene
family also built
Middle Hall, Upper
Hall, and Haigh
Hall in the same
parish during the
seventeenth century,
but all these houses
and Liversedge Hall
have been spoilt by alterations and modern additions.
OVENDEN HALL, NEAR HALIFAX (Plate cm)
Joseph Fourness built this manor house in 1662 of stone, faced
with ashlar. The porch and the small room above it are included
in the wide end gable, instead of having a separate gable in the
ordinary way. The finial at the foot of this gable is unusually
large and has a sundial on the face. Excepting the glazing of the
windows (plain glass in wood casements having been substituted
for the old leaded panes) the original front has not been much
altered, but a modern wing has been added, in harmony with the
older building.
NORLAND HALL, NEAR HALIFAX (Fig. 125)
The original timber structure, much of which still remains,
was ref rented with rubble stone in 1672 by Joseph Taylor, whose
initials and the date appear on the door-head and elsewhere. The
carved label moulding terminals are interesting, but the front walls
have been covered with plaster which is in a dilapidated condition,
as is the rest of the house, now divided into tenements.
KILDWICK HALL, NEAR KEIGHLEY (Figs. 126 and 127;
Plates xxvii, civ and cv)
This typical Craven manor house was built of rubble stone by the
Currer family, ancestors of the present owner, Col. Richard H. F. W.
Wilson, D.S.O., son of the late and brother of the present Sir
86
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
FIG. 126. KILDWICK HALL.
Mathew Wilson, Bart. The
kitchen wing probably dates
from the early part of the
seventeenth century, but the
main building was finished
in 1673, according to the
date on the kitchen chim-
ney arch (the 3 having
apparently been added and
a figure between the 6 and
7 obliterated) and a rain-
water-head dated 1663. The
angle quoins are unusually
long stones, and the windows
in the gable over the porch
and the small adjoining gable
have curious arched heads,
of which there are only
three similar examples else-
where, those at Friar's
f... : T..t
FIG. 127. KILDWICK HALL.
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ASKRIGG HALL
OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 87
Head, near Gargrave (Plate LXXVIII), being identical, and those
at Priest Bank, Kildwick, and High Bentley, Shelf (Fig. 46), being
slightly different. The detached justice-room and the entrance
gateway were built about 1700. A modern addition, consisting
of a dining-room and pantry, etc., was made at the back of the
house during the last century, otherwise the building has been
very little altered, with the exception of the window glazing and
some of the interior fittings and decorations. Some of the old oak
panelling and ornamental plaster-work still remain.
HORTON HALL, NEAR BRADFORD (Fig. 49)
Thomas Sharp rebuilt the ancient part ot the house in 1676
of rubble stone, encasing a still older timber structure, partly
visible inside. The projecting porch, carried up as a tower (which
was used by Abraham Sharp, the astronomer, as his observatory)
gives the building a quaint and picturesque appearance, and the
Catherine-wheel window and smaller traceried window above it
are unique of their kind in domestic architecture. The interior
contains much of the old oak panelling and some interesting fire-
places. One wing was pulled down to make way for a large modern
addition, almost a complete house in itself.
BRADLEY HALL, NEAR SKIPTON (Fig. 47)
Over the front door of this house is carved I B D 1678, but
whose the initials are is not known. It is built of rubble stone
and is of simple character, the only peculiarity being the unique
shape of the windows in the three gables.
ASKRIGG HALL (Plate cvi)
William Thornton erected this building of rubble stone in 1678,
according to the inscription over the door. The twin-gabled
projections of four storeys give it a dignified appearance, and the
different window heads on each storey give variety. The heads of
the entrance doorways (side by side) also differ slightly, otherwise the
two halves of the symmetrical front are exactly alike, and the
building looks like a pair of houses. The wood balcony on the
second floor and the doors opening on to it are eighteenth-century
additions.
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
FIG. 128. THE FOLLY, SETTLE.
THE FOLLY, SETTLE (Figs. 46 and 128)
In 1679 Thomas Preston built this house of rubble stone, but
had not enough money to complete it, hence the name. The
ground-floor windows, which stretch almost the whole length of
the front, have arched heads of early Tudor character, and the
door -heads are somewhat Gothic in the treatment of the shaped
mouldings, unusual in a building of so late a date. The columns
at the sides of the principal doorway are more curious than beautiful
in their outlines and coarse flutings. Part of the building is now
occupied as a farmhouse and another part as refreshment rooms.
KIRKBY MALHAM HALL (Fig. 48)
The chief peculiarity of this seventeenth-century house, built
of stone with a dressed face, is the third tier of windows close above
those on the first floor.
OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 89
BOLTON PRIORY HALL (Fig. 36)
This house occupies the site of the monastic kitchens, and was
built in the latter part of the seventeenth century, probably with
the stones of the demolished buildings. Many of the windows
have been enlarged and the mullions removed.
COLBY HALL, NEAR ASKRIGG (Fig. 129)
The stone walls of this seventeenth-century house have been
covered with plaster, and plain glass has been substituted for the
leaded glazing in the mullioned windows. A new doorway has been
broken out in the right wing.
CLAYE HOUSE, GREETLAND, NEAR HALIFAX (Fig. 44 ;
Plates in and cvn)
The date of erection is uncertain, but it was probably after the
middle of the seventeenth century, when the Claye family owned
the property. The ashlar-faced stone front is quite flat and is
unusual in having four exactly similar gables in a row and two
doorways of almost equal importance. The latter peculiarity has
been taken advantage of recently in dividing the building into two
houses.
COLBY HALL, NEAR ASKRICG.
9
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
STAUPS, SHIB-
D E N DALE,
NEAR HALIFAX
(Plates iv and
cvn)
This house was
built of rubble stone
by John Crowther
in 1684, as the ini-
tials and date carved
on the keystone of
the door show. It
has been much
altered internally
and is now divided
into tenements.
FIG. I3O. UPPER HALL, NORLAND.
WEST RIDDLES-
DEN HALL, NEAR KEIGHLEY (Plate cvm)
The original timber structure, of which only a small portion
remains, was probably built in the early part of the fifteenth century
by the Montalte (Mohaute or Maude) family, who owned the
property from about 1400. The heiress married John Leach in
1634, and their son Thomas built the present house in 1687, of
stone dressed on the face. His initials and the date are cut
on a beam in the hall. The arms of Arthur de Mohaut, who died
in 1534, appear in stained glass in the staircase window of the older
house. The porch tower and bay window were added in the
nineteenth century, otherwise the exterior has not been much
altered.
UPPER HALL, NORLAND, NEAR HALIFAX (Fig. 130)
John Taylor, of Norland Hall, built this small house in 1690
for his younger son. His initials and the date are inscribed above
the window over the porch entrance. The front is of ashlar and
the rest of rubble stone. .
FARMHOUSE, HOLDSWORTH, NEAR HALIFAX (Plate iv)
The most interesting feature of this simple building is the
large semicircular-headed porch entrance, with the elliptical
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OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 91
window above, inscribed ? D 1692, the Wadsworth family of
Holdsworth Hall having probably built it.
LANGLEY HOUSE, HIPPERHOLME, NEAR HALIFAX
(Figs. 24, 43, and 78 ; Plates HI and xvi)
The oldest part of this house was built of rubble stone, probably
about the middle of the seventeenth century, and the centre part
(with the ashlar-faced walls) a little later. The doorway in one
wing bears the date 1692, and the initials E L J,. being those of
Edward Langley and his wife. The two-light windows in the
latest wing have had their transomes and mullions removed and
wood sashes inserted. The staircase is unusual, having the risers
panelled and going up centrally from the hall, with the dog-gates
at the foot still re-
maining. Part of
the building is now
used as a workshop
and for other busi-
ness purposes.
OLD HARDEN
GRANGE, NEAR
SINGLE Y (Fig.
131 ; Plate i)
Most of this
building, erected by
the Ferrand family,
of stone faced with
ashlar, in the latter
part of the seven-
teenth century, has
been pulled down, but the picturesque porch and the adjoining
portions of the house still remain.
KNOWSTHORPE (OR " KNOSTROP ") HALL, NEAR
LEEDS (Figs. 15, 30, 132; Plate xxiv)
The Baynes family built this manor house towards the end of
the seventeenth century, of stone faced with ashlar, a portion of
which has since been covered with plaster, now somewhat dila-
pidated. The porch is in the centre of the hall (instead of at
FIG. 131. OLD HARDEN GRANGE.
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
ELEVATION or ENTRANCEGATCS
FIG. 132. KNOWSTHORPE HALL.
one side, as in
the earlier
houses), and the
windows are
only two lights
wide. The
balustrade over
the porch is
unusual, though
there is a simi-
lar one at Kild-
wick Grange.
A garden pavi-
lion, now in
ruins, adjoins
the house, and
the wide arch-
way is flanked
by female
statues on pede-
stals. The pic-
turesque gate-
posts and seats
in front of the
porch have been
removed and
re - erected at
Temple New-
sam. There is
a good oak
staircase and
the dining-
room is oak
panelled and has
a fine carved
chimney - piece
and an orna-
mental plaster
frieze and
ceiling.
X
-
-
it
i
I
a
a
9
OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
93
FIG.
ARNFORD - LONG PRESTON.
HOUSES AT ARNFORD, NEAR LONG PRESTON (Fig. 133)
This pair of semi-detached houses, built about the last decade
of the seventeenth century, is probably unique, and contains
identical staircases of good design.
SCOUT HALL, SHIBDEN DALE, NEAR HALIFAX (Fig. 26 ;
Plate cix)
This unique example was built of ashlar-faced stone by John
Mitchell about the end of the seventeenth century, and its
square outline and three storeys of double-light windows in groups
of two, three, and four, with small elliptical windows between,
give it a very formal appearance. The doorway, nearly in. the
centre of the front, has a curious carved frieze representing a fox-
hunt, the fox being closely followed by four hounds and the
huntsman in single file. The building has been divided into
three tenements, one of the elliptical windows on the front and one
at the side having been converted into doors, and several of the
windows have been blocked up with stone slabs in the place of the
glass.
94
OLD YORKSHIRE HOUSES
AUSTHORPE HALL, NEAR LEEDS (Fig. 134; Plate ex)
According to the inscription over the entrance, John More
built the existing house in 1694, probably on the site of an older
building, as the Leeds Parish Registers show that Thomas Ambler
lived at Austhorpe Hall from 1580 to 1590. The house is of brick
with stone dressings and wood mullions and transomes to the
windows, and it is more like the Inigo Jones style of house in the
counties further south than the typical contemporary houses of
the West Riding of Yorkshire. It has been very little altered
except by the removal of the main staircase to a neighbouring
house.
FIG. 134. AUSTHORPE HALL.
Plate CX
ELEVATION
-JP -
PLAM
AUSTHORPE HALL, NEAh LEEDS
INDEX
[NoTE. Almost all the examples described in the text are illustrated, and
particulars can be readily found iy reference to the Alphabetical List of
Illustrations at the commencement of the volume, which indicates the page
number of the text on which the description is given as well as the Plate
or Fig. number of the illustration^
AMBLER, Thomas, 94
Armytage, John, 58, 67
Armytage, Sir George }., 67
Aronades, II
BAILDON family, 59
Hamburgh, Sir William, 68
Barmston Hall, 65
Bashall Hall, near Clitheroe , 28
Batt, Henry, 55
Bay windows, 19, 26, 27, 28
Baynes family, 91
Belayse, Sir Thomas, 74
Boiling family, 50
Boynton family, 64
Brigg, Abraham, 77
Briggs family, 59
Bronte, Charlotte, 56
Brookes family, 78
CALVERLEY family, 76
Carving
heraldic, 1 6
strapwork, 38
Catherine wheel windows, 24, 25
Cayley Hall, near Otley, 28
Ceilings, ornamental plasterwork, 39-43
Charlotte Bronte, 56
Chimney caps, 32
Chimney-pieces, 36-38
Chimneys, 12
Claye family, 89
Clifton Manor House, near York, 26
Clifton, near Otley, 41
Cliffords of Skipton Castle, 47
Constable family, 74
Copings of gables and parapets, 32
Corbels, 33
Craven, Sir William, 63
Crowther, John, 90
Currer family, 85
DARNLEV, Lord, 75
Dartmouth, Earl of, 59
Dawson, Col., 63
Dearden, John, 8l
Decorative plaster-work, 38-44
Deramore, Lord, 64
Door heads, 13
Doors, 7
Doorways, 13
Dormers, 5
ELYS, Anne and Thomas, 48
Empsall, E. and J. A , 68, 70
Etton, Elizabeth, 56
Etton family, 56
Eures, Ralph, Lord, 70
FAIRFAX Hall, near Urmston, 27
Fairfax, Sir William, 56
Fanconberg, Baron, 74
Fawkes family, 63
Ferrand family, 91
" Fieldhead," 56
Finials, II
95
9 6
INDEX
Fireplaces, open, 36
Floors, 7
Fourness, Joseph, 85
Foxcroft, John, 81
Friezes, 39-44
Fulthorpe, Adam, Anne and John, 46
GABLES, 5, 10
Gable copings, 32
Galleries, 36
Garden Pavilions, 34
Gargoyles, 12
Gateways, 33
Glazing (lead), 34
Gledhill.John, 77
Greene family, 85
Greene, Lieut., 84
Greene, William, 84
Graham family, 66
Griffith, Sir Henry, 64
HALIFAX, Viscount, 75
Halls, Interior, 35
Hawksworth family, 62
Hawksworth, Sir Richard, 62
Heraldic carving in stone, 16
Holroyd, George, 67
Holt, Thomas, 44
Horton, William, 80
House-body, 35
Hungate family, 71
Huntingdon, Earl of, 54
Hutton, Sir Richard, 70
INCLEBY family, 83
Ingram, Sir Arthur, 75
Ingram, The Hon. Mrs. Meynell, 75
Interiors, 35
KAY, Arthur, 59
Kaye, John, 51
Kempe, Archbishop. 45
Kirkham Priory, 68
LABEL moulding terminals, 26
Lacy family, 72
Langley, Edward, 91
Lascelles, Thomas, 82
Leach, John, 90
Lead-glazing, 34
Lead gutters, etc., 34
Ledston Lodge, 56
Leedes, Edward, 74
Legge family, 59
Lewis, Sir John, 56
Lewisham, Lord, 59
Linthwaite family, 61
Lister family, 49
Lockwood family, 61
MEDIEVAL Houses, 3
Merkingfield, John de, 45
Metcalfe family, 46
Metcalfe, Thomas and James, 46
Mexborough, Earl of, 57
Midelton family, 63
Midgley family, 82
Mitchell, John, 93
Mohaut, Arthur de, 90
Montalte (Mohaute or Maude) family. 90
Moore, Robert, 58
More, John, 94
Mouldings, 26-33
Mouldings ofwindows, 29
Murgatroyd family, 82
Murgatroyd, James, 79
NETHERWOOD, Thomas, 83
Nettleton, Robert, 50
Newcastle, Earl of, 50
Norton family, 65
ORIEL windows, 19
Oriel window corbels, 33
Otes family, 48
Otes, James, 72
Overmantels, plaster-work, 38
PANELS (stone), carved, 1 6
Panelling, oak, 7, 38
Parapets, 1 1, 32
Parker, Edmund, 66
Parker family, 66
Paslew family, 79
Pennyman, Sir William, 75
Pilasters, 16
INDEX
Plans, 8
Plans of bay windows, 26
Plaster-work, decorative, 38-44
Plinth mouldings, 32
Plumpton, Sir Robert, 45
Pollard, Tempest, 84
Preston, Thomas, 88
Priest's hiding-place, 53, 83
Proctor family, 70
Proctor, Sir Stephen, 68
Proportions of Yorkshire Houses, 10
RAMSDEN, John, 76
Rawdon, Francis, 63
Rawdon, George, 62
Rich, Sylvanus, 84
Robin Hood, 58
Rodes, Francis, 61
Rodes, Sir Godfrey, 6l
Roofs, 5
Rookes, Edward, Richard and William,
74
Rookes family, 74
SANDFORD, Hessie, 53
Savile, John, 48
Savile, Nicholas, 81
Savile, Sir John, 57, 6l
Sevyer, Abbot, 54
Screens, of carved oak, 35
Scrope, Simon, 53
Sharp, Abraham, 87
Sharp, Thomas, 87
Shaw, Robart, 72
Sheffield, Lord, 54
Sherburne, Sir Richard or Hugh, 76
" Shirley," 56
Smithsom, The, 44
Staircase), 36
StanclifFe family, to
Starkie, Edmund, 79
StrafFord, Earl of, 54, 56
Strap ornament, 16, 38
String courses, 31
Sunderland, Abraham, 73
TERMINALS to mouldings, 26
Tailor, Edrus, 68
Talbot, Lord George, 51
Taylor, George, 77
Taylor, John, 90
Taylor, Joseph, 85
Tempest, family, 50
Terraces, 33
Thornton, William, 87
Thorpe, Joh;i, 44
Timber-framed buildings, 3
VAVASOUR family, 63
WADSWORTH family, 91
Walker, Anthony, 57
Wandesford, Francis and George, 46
Waterhouse, Robert, 49
Waterspouts, or gargoyles, 12
WelburnHall,28
Wheler, Mr. Granville Hastings, 56
Wilson, Sir Matthew, 85
Windows, 17-31
Witham, Henry, 56
Wolsey, Cardinal, 45
Wood family, 53
Wood, The Hon. Edward Lindley, 75
Wombwell, Sir George, 74
YARBURGH family, 64
Young, Sir George, 71
97
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7621 The old halls & manor
Y6A5 houses of Yorkshire
