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ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

ONE OF JACKSON'S
FOOT CAVALRY

HIS EXPERIENCE AND WHA T HE SAW
DURING THE WAR 1861-1865

Including a History of *'F Company," Richmond,

Va., 21st Regiment Virginia Infantry,

Second Brigade, Jackson's Division,

Second Corps, A. N. Va.

JOHN H. WORSHAM

An Old F., Richmond, Va.

Nev^ York
THE NEALE PUBLISHING COMPANY

1912

. 5

(gC!.A:j:iOU8:^

Vol.
Date
Specs

1^12

i>-e

1861

lie carried a knarmack. rontainiiiK a jacket, white vest, dress sliirts.
collar*, white Riove*. tonthbruth. undcrAhirtH. drawers, socks, soap,
towels. heedlecaM-, with nee<lle«i. thrra«I and buttons; an oilcloth, blanket,
extra »hoe», canteen, haver^a('k, and tin cup.

Frontispiece.

PREFACE

In writing my experience and what I saw during the
war as one of Jackson's '' foot cavah'y," it is not my in-
tention to make a comparison of commands, but simply
to state what was seen and experienced by me. When
other commands are mentioned, it is done to give their
position so that the reader may the better understand the
situation; and when I have a word of praise for them,
it is because they came under my eye. It is needless to
make comparisons between different commands of the
Army of Northern Virginia. The world never saw such
courage, devotion, and patriotism as w^as displayed by
the men of that army, and every man in it who did his
duty was a hero.

J. H. W.

Richmond, Va.,
August, 191 2.

CHAPTER

11.

III.

IV.

VI.

VII.

VIII.

IX.

XII.
XIII.
XIV.

XV.

XVI.
XVII.

XVIII.

XIX.

XX.

CONTENTS

PAGE

Commencement of Hostilities, i86i .... 13

Fredericksburg and Aquia Creek 17

Camp Lee and Mustering into Service ... 29
West Virginia — Election of President of

Southern Confeder-\cy 39

The Valley of Virginia 53

Bath and Romney 57

Winchester Evacuated, 1862 64

Kernstown 66

Retreat from Kernstown 71

McDowell ^^

The Valley Campaign — Front Royal — Mid-
dletown, Winchester, Cross Keys — Port Re-
public 82

The Seven Days Campaign 97

Cedar Run 108

Second Manassas 118

M.\ryland Campaign, Harper's Ferry — Sharps-
burg 136

Fredericksburg 149

Winter Quarters, 1862-3 — Picket Duty —
Getting the Mail, Medicines — Recruiting a

New Company 155

Lieutenant General Jackson 164

WiLLIAMSPORT 167

Camp Montpelier, The Great Religious Revival,
Review of Second Corps, The Advance
Against Meade 176

CHAPTER

XXI.
XXII.

XXIII.

XXIV.

XXV.

XXVI.

XXVII.

XXVIII.

XXIX.

XXX.
XXXI.

XXXII.

XXXIII.

XXXIV.

XXXV

XXXVI.

XXXVII.

XXXVIII.

CONTENTS

PAGE

Payne's Farm and Mine Run 187

Winter 1863-4. Camp Near Mt. Pisgah Church,
Execution of Three Confederate Soldiers,

Rations, The Negro Cooks 191

The Wilderness 200

Spottsvlvania C. H 208

tlANovER Junction, Bethesda Church, Cold

Harbor 222

Lynchburg 227

MoNocACY 235

Washington, D. C 241

Kernstown Second and the Enemy's Cavalry

AT Leetown 245

Winchester — What Brought on the Battle . 256
Returns of Second Army Corps, Aug. 31, 1864 . 269
Cedar Creek — Winter, 1864-5, Second Corps Goes
TO Petersburg, The B.\ttle of Hatcher's Run,
Fort Steadman, The Flag of the 2Ist Va. Regt. 275
The Evacuation of Richmond and Lee's Sur-
render— The Arrival of the First Yankees

IN Richmond 285

Returning Home 292

The Women of the South 295

General Lee 299

Record of F Company, Roster, Killed, Wounded,

&c.. Battles, Who Surrendered at Appomattox 301
Conclusion 340

ILLUSTRATIONS

1861 Frontispiece'

Captain R. Milton Cary Facing page 26

1862 76

Captain Richard H. Cunningham, Jr 108

Captain William H. Morgan 116

Captain William A. Pegram 168

1863 174

1864 228

Captain Reuben J. Jordan 280

1865 342

COMMENCEMENT OF HOSTILITIES 1861

Soon after the investment of Fort Sumpter, S. C, De-
cember 20th, i860, a military spirit prevailed all over
Virginia. All the old volunteer companies were filled at
once, and new ones were organized, and when the State
seceded, a large portion of the men had joined some of
the military organizations. I joined an old volunteer
company. It was known as " F Company " of Rich-
mond; one of the crack companies of that day. In its
ranks were some of the best men of the city. It num-
bered about eighty men. New members were added so
rapidly that it soon numbered about one hundred and
fifty.

This company had a fine cadet gray uniform, consist-
ing of a frock coat, which had a row of Virginia fire-gilt
buttons on its front ; around the cuff of the sleeve, a band
of gold braid and two small fire-gilt buttons ; on the collar
the same gold braid so arranged that it looked very much
like the mark of rank for a first lieutenant, which was
afterwards adopted by the Confederacy. The pants had
a black stripe about one and a quarter inches wide along
the outer seams. The cap was made of the same cadet
gray cloth, trimmed with black braid, and two small fire-
gilt buttons, and on its front the letter F. The non-com-
missioned officers had their mark of rank worked on the
sleeves of their coats with black braid. The difference
between the uniforms of the officers and the privates
was in these particulars : the officers' coats were a little
longer and their sleeves were highly ornamented with

14 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

.c^old braid, somctliinc: like that of the Confederate uni-
form : they had gold braid down the outer seams of their
pants, and their caps were trimmed with gold braid.
I^ach sergeant carried, besides his gun, a sword attached
to his belt. When on duty every man w-as required to
wear white gloves. He carried in his knapsack a jacket
made of cadet gray cloth. We had black cloth overcoats,
the skirt reaching a little below the knee, the capes a little
below the elbow, and the buttons were Virginia fire-gilt.

Our knapsacks were a specialty; they were imported
from Paris, made of calfskin tanned with hair on, the
color being red and white, the skin was fitted around a
box frame. Inside they were divided into partitions;
and outside, there were openings into some of these so
that one could handle articles inside of them without
opening the whole knapsack, and there were straps on the
outside for blanket, overcoat, oilcloth and shoes, and
other straps and some hooks handy for attaching any ar-
ticle we wished to carry. We also imported our can-
teens.

For a week or two before the State seceded, the com-
panies in Richmond were drilling men nearly all the time;
a squad of green men at one hour, another squad at the
next, so on throughout the entire day; and at night a
company drill. Each man was required to report at com-
pany headquarters once during the day. The tolling of
the fire bells was the signal to meet at the companies'
arnK)ries, prepared to go wherever ordered.

I was quietly walking home from church, after the
morning service on Sunday, April 2t, i86i, when the
bells commenced to toll. I broke into a run at once, go-
ing home as fast as I could. I i)ut on my uniform, etc.,
and was soon at our armorv. Here it was rumored that

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 15

the gunboat Pawnee was coming up James River, with
the intention of capturing or bombarding the city. As
soon as all the men reported, the company was formed
and marched to Wilton on James River, about ten miles
below the city. Passing Rocketts, the port of Richmond,
we found the citizens assembled there by thousands ; old
men, boys, women, girls, women with babies in their
arms, in fact nearly the whole population. The fields
in Rocketts, as well as the wharves, were literally alive
with human beings, commingled with horses and vehicles,
as some had ridden down in buggies and carriages. Some
had shotguns, some had rifles, some pistols, some swords,
some canes, and some had made large piles of stones on
the wharves, to use against the enemy. They were all
determined that the ship should never get to the wharf.
It makes me laugh now, after my experience of war, to
think what the citizens were then doing !

We arrived at Wilton about sunset, where we were
joined by the Richmond Howitzers. A picket from F
Company was established along the river. The Howit-
zers' guns were placed in position. Orders were given to
fire on the Pazvnee as soon as she came within shooting
distance. The men of F Company, not on duty, stacked
arms, and were ordered to remain near them during the
night. We had nothing to eat, and did not know when or
where we would get anything. One of our officers, how^-
ever, had remained behind, and about eight or nine o'clock
that night came up with a wagon loaded with cooked
ham, bread, etc., and we had a jolly time over our sup-
per, the first of the war. After eating, the men gathered
about in squads talking ; finally lying dow^n on the grassy
ground and going to sleep ; the first experience of the
war, and that without either blanket or oilcloth. The

i6 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

night passed without incident; the expected Pawnee did
not co;iie. The next day we returned to Richmond on
two barges, that were sent down the river for us. We
won a great deal of glory in this campaign, as everyone
thought we had done wonders. In marching from Rock-
etts up Main Street to our quarters, which were between
Eighth and Ninth Streets, we had an ovation nearly all
the wav. Thus closed the '' Pawnee War."

FREDERICKSBURG AND AQUIA CREEK

Virginia was thoroughly aroused. Soldiers were
coming into Richmond from all directions, the streets
were filled with marching men, and the sound of the drum
was heard every hour of the day and night. It will show
the enthusiasm of the people of the State when it is said
that four w^eks after Virginia seceded, eighty thousand
organized soldiers had offered their services in defense
of the cause !

On the morning of Wednesday, April 24, 1861, several
telegrams were received in Richmond announcing that
the enemy were landing at Aquia Creek, the terminus of
the Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac R. R. Our
company and the Richmond Light Infantry Blues
were ordered at once to that place. We marched to the
R. F. & P. R. R. depot, then on Broad Street, corner
of Eighth Street, where we embarked on cars for the seat
of war, Aquia Creek. On reaching Fredericksburg, we
were informed that the Yankees had made a demonstra-
tion at Aquia Creek, but did not land; and we received
orders to stop there. F Company debarked, and marched
to the courthouse and camped for the night. A load of
straw was sent us, which we spread on the floor and
benches, making a very good bed ; and citizens invited
us to their homes to supper. We went to bed that night
in regular military order, had a camp guard, lights out
by taps, etc. Some of the boys, during the day, had pur-
chased whistles, tin horns, and other noisy things, and as

i8 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

soDn as lights were put out, the fun commenced : One
blew a horn, another in a distant part of the building
answered on a whistle. This went on for a few minutes.
When the officers commanded silence, no attention was
paid to them. When the officers said to the sergeant,
" Arrest those men," the sergeant would strike a light,
and go where he thought the noise originated ; but each
man looked so innocent that he could not tell who it was.
By this time, another w-ould blow. Soon there were
four sergeants, running here and there, trying to catch
the delinquents. This was kept up until the perpetrators
became tired, not one being detected.

In the morning we were supplied with breakfast by the
citizens. Wq remained in the town, living in this manner
several days. Then we marched to the Fair Grounds,
where we found that the Blues had preceded us. Here
we went regularly into camp, which was called Camp
Mercer. Our company was assigned to the sheds of
the horse department, the floors were covered with straw,
ancl three men were assigned to a stall.

Camp duty began at once, guard mounting, policing,
drills, etc., and dress parade every fair evening, most of
the young ladies of the town coming out to witness it;
and they seemed to enjoy it as much as we did their pres-
ence. The men formed messes, each consisting of about
ten men, each employing a negro man as cook, and we got
on nicely, as we thought. The regular rations were is-
sued to us, but in order to become accustomed by degrees
to eating them, we sent the cook or some member of the
mess into town, to get such articles as the market af-
forded.

The following are the names of the members of F
Company, who went to l^'redcricksburg:

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 19

Captain, R. Milton Cary.
First Lieut. — (Did not go.)
Second Lieut., Richard H.

Cunningham.
Jr. Second Lieut., Phillip A.

Welford.
First Sergeant, Edward

Mayo.
Second Sergeant, Henry T.

Miller.

Third Sergeant, John A.

Pizzini.
Fourth Sergeant, Edward

G. Rawlings.
First Corporal, John Tyler.
Second Corporal, Thomas

Ellett.
Third Corporal — (Did not

go-)
Fourth Corporal — Shirley

King.

Privates

Anderson, Archer.
Anderson, Junius H.
Anderson, Flenry V.
Archer, William S.
Ayers, Edward W.
Barker, William C.
Baughman, Charles C.
Baughman, George C.
Baughman, Greer H.
Beers, Henry H.
Binford, James M.
Binford, Robert E.
Blunt, Ira W.
Bridges, Jr., David B.
Bridges, Richard M.
Broch, R. Alonzo.
Bullington, Henry N.
Cabell, J. Caskie.
Child, Jesse.

Chamberlain, J. Hampden.
Chapman, Isaac W.
Clarke, Maxwell T.
Clopton, Dr. John.

Cocke, Lorenzo G.
Cole, Addison C.
Cowardin, John L.
Craig, John A.
Danforth, Henry D.
Dill, Jr., Adolph.
Doggett, Francis W.
Ellerson, Jock H.
Ellett, Robert.
Etting, Samuel M.
Exall, Charles H.
Exall, William.
Field, William G.
Fontaine, R. Morris.
Gentry, John W.
Gibson, William T.
Gilliam, Robert H.
Gray, W. Granville.
Gray, Somerville.
Green, John W.
Green, Thomas R.
Harrison, Thomas R.
Harvie, William O.

20 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

Haynes, George A.
Henry, Dr. Patrick.
Hobson, Deane.
Iludgins, Malcolm L.
Hull, Irving.
Jenkins. William S.
Jones, David B.
Jones, Jr., Phillip B.
Jordan, Reuben J.
Kellogg, Timothy H.
Lindsay, Roswell S.

Lorcntz, .

Macmurdo, Richard C.
Maddox, R. G.
Mayo, Joseph E.
McEvoy, Charles A.
Meade, Everard B.
Mebane, J. A.
Meredith, J. French.
Mitchell, Samuel D.
Mittledorfer, Charles.
Morris, Walter H. P.
Mountcastle, John R.
Norwood, Jr., William.
Nunnally, Joseph N.
Pace, George R.
Pace, Theodore A.
Page, Mann.
Pardigon, C. F.
Payne, James B.
Pcaster. Henry.
Pegram, William A.
Pegram, William R. J.
Peterkin, George W.
Picot, Henry V.
Piet. William A.

Pollard, William G.
Powell, John G.
Powell, John W.
Price, Channing R.
Randolph, J. Tucker.
Randolph, M. Lewis.
Redd, Clarence M.
Reeve, David I. B.
Reeve, John J.
Rennic, G. Hutcheson.
Rison, John W.
Robertson, William S.
Robinson, Christopher A.
Robinson, Richard F.
Singleton, A. Jackson.
Sizer, Milton D.
Skinker, Charles R.
Smith, Edward FI.
Sublett. Peter A.
Tabb, Robert M.
Talley, Daniel D.
Tatum, A. Randolph.
Tatum, Vivian H.
Taylor, Charles E.
Taylor, Clarence E.
Taylor, Edward B.
Taylor, Robert T.
Tompkins, Edmond G.
Tyler, James E.
Tyler, R. Emmett.
\'an Buren, Benjamin B.
Waldrop, Richard W.
Watkins, A. Salle.
Watkins, Harrison H.
White, Rol>ert C.
Willis, Josci)h N.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 21

Worsham, John H. Surgeon, Frank B. Cun-

Worsham, Thomas R. ningham.

Wren, J. Porter. Assistant Surgeon, Peter

Wright, PhiUip B. Lyon.

Zimmer, Lewis.

A few of these men joined us after we went to Fred-
ericksburg, and some left us to join other commands,
after staying with us two or three weeks. Samuel F.
Pilcher was left in Richmond to drill men for a second
company, and on account of sickness never came to the
command.

While in Camp Mercer we were joined by a company
of infantry, one of cavalry, and the Purcell Battery of
Artillery from Richmond. W. R. J. Pegram of F Com-
pany (Specks, as he was called) helped Captain Lindsay
Walker to drill this battery, and was soon made a lieu-
tenant ; this is the same W. R. J. Pegram of the artillery,
who was soon known in the army of Northern Virginia
as the fighting captain, major, lieutenant colonel, and
colonel, and was killed at Five Forks in 1865.

I saw the first man of the war punished for disobedi-
ence of orders, while w^e were in this camp; he was a mem-
ber of W^alker's battery, and was strapped on one of the
wheels of a cannon in such a manner as to keep him from
moving. This punishment is known as " strapping to
the wheel." We were treated most hospitably by the
citizens of Fredericksburg, some of us visiting the city
each day ; and were always welcomed and invited to
meals, and we left with sad hearts. This was the most
comfortable camp we had during the war, but at that time
we thought it was execrable.

We stayed at Fredericksburg about three weeks, and

22 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

were ordered to Aqiiia Creek. We camped in a house
at Game Point, situated on a high hill to the left of the
Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac R. R., and about
three-quarters of a mile from Aquia Creek. The R. L.
I. Blues also went to Aquia Creek and camped lower
down the river, about one and a half miles from us.

The cook of my mess would not leave Fredericksburg,
and at Game Point we determined to cook for ourselves.
1 will never forget the first meal. We made a fire under
the shade of a tree, made up our bread of meal (the
government commenced to give it to us thus early),
sliced our fat meat, and commenced to cook, and in about
two minutes both meat and bread were burned black on
one side! We took them off the fire, cooled them, and
tried again, and succeeded very well in burning the other
side. We finally cooked everything we had and sat down
on the ground to eat. The bread had no salt in it, no
one had thought of that; the meat was so salt we could
not eat it. We were disgusted, but the next day we had
better success, and in a few days we got along all right.

We had a camp guard and two picket posts or rather
lookout posts, as the duties at each was to watch the river
for the enemy. While I was on guard at our (juartcrs,
one night General Ruggles, the commanding officer of
this department, paid us a visit. I presented arms as
soon as I saw him, and turned out the guard, thinking
to do him all the honor we could. I was horrified when
a non-commissioned ofiicer slipped up to me and told me
such honor was not done after dark.

PR.WER IN CAMP

The following letter was written while we were in this
camp and explains itself:

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 27,

George W. Peterkin, Esq,:

Dear Sir — We, the undersigned comrades in arms with
yourself, have been struck with the propriety of evening
prayer, and desire, if agreeable to you, that you, from this
time, and so long as we may remain together, conduct that
service.

Respectfully,

J. M. Binford,
R. E. Binford,
John W. Powell,
J. P. Wren,
R. T. Taylor,

C. R. Skinker,
Jesse Child,
William Exall,
J. A. Mebane,

D. D. Talley,
R. M. Bridges,
John Tyler,

D. J. Burr Reeve,

John J. Reeve,

R. E. Tyler.

Joseph N. Nunnally,

C. M. Redd,

H. D. Danforth,

W. Granville Gray,

George A. Haynes,

G. R. Pace,

John R. Macmurdo,

S. D. Mitchell,

John H. Chamberlayne,

Robert Ellett,

R. C. White.

Shirley King,

A. C. Cole,
H. H. Watkins,
Dean Hobson,
R. S. Lindsay,
W. S. Archer,
Thomas Ellett,
J. H. Ellerson,
J. W. Chapman,
William A. Piet,

C. H. Exall,
A. R. Tatum,
S. M. Etting,
John A. Pizzini,
Edward Mayo,
E. G. Tompkins,
Louis Zimmer,

D. B. Jones,
H. H. Beers,
R. Milton Gary,
P. A. Wellford,
H. N. Bullington,

E. H. Smith,
William C. Barker,
M. H. Clarke,

E. G. Rawlings,
E. W. Ayres,
and others.

24 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

This gallant young soldier and truly good man con-
ducted the service each night, and by his Christian exam-
ple won the respect and affection of every member of
the company; and when he left us in 1862, to take a staff
appointment, it was like breaking up a household.

This is the same George W. Peterkin who has for a
number of years been the honored and respected Bishop
of West Virginia.

On May 29th, 1861, we had our first exi)erience of
war. One of the enemy's gunboats stopped off Aquia
Creek, fired a few shots and left. On June 7, three gun-
boats made their appearance and commenced to bom-
bard the earthworks near the wharf. Capt. Walker put
some of his small three-inch rille cannon into the works,
and replied, the enemy throwing six, eight, and ten inch
shots at W^alkcr. This firing lasted several hours, when
the enemy withdrew about two or three miles down the
river, staying all night, and renewing the attack the next
morning with five gunboats ; keeping the fire up until
about 5 p. M., when they withdrew. The R. L. I. Blues
and F Company were stationed, during the firing, be-
hind some hills in the rear of the works, and nearly all
the shots of the enemy passed over us. The family liv-
ing inside the earthworks had a chicken coop knocked to
pieces. The old cock confined in it came out of the ruins,
mounted the debris, flapped his wings and crowed. That
was the only casualty on our side. Capt. Walker's shots
struck the vessels several times, and as they were wooden
boats, he must have damaged them some. We after-
wards heard that one of them was the notable Pawnee.
We had several alarms at night, when the entire com-
pany wouUl turn out, and march to the river to the place
designated. On one of these occasions, we marched in

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 25

rain which poured down in torrents. The darkness was
illumined by most vivid flashes of lightning, and great
peals of thunder intensified the storm. We stayed out all
night, putting a picket along the river, two men on a
post. We crossed Aquia Creek twice during alarms,
one time staying all night on the point.

We were joined by a regiment from Arkansas, and
one from Tennessee and several companies from Vir-
ginia. The hills around Aquia were fortified by earth-
works, and large naval guns were placed in them. Our
company turned out one night and pulled one of those
large guns up one of the steepest hills to its position, after
a failure on the part of a large team of horses and oxen !
It was demonstrated very forcibly that men are the best
and quickest force for handling large and heavy guns
like those.

We drilled every good day and took our first lessons
in skirmish drill, and the bayonet exercise, or the Zouave
drill; and before we left, we became very well drilled in
each. We enjoyed ourselves very much notwithstanding
the duties, fishing on the wharf, bathing in the river, tak-
ing rambles through the woods, having on one of the hills
in the neighborhood a fine and extensive view of the
Potomac.

On June the 14th, F Company was ordered to Rich-
mond to join a regiment that was being formed there.
The men were told it was to be a crack regiment ; our own
and a Maryland company commanded by Capt. J. Lyle
Clarke, then in Camp Lee, were to be the nucleus, the
other companies to be of the same standing. No time
was designated for the formation of the regiment, and
when formed it would be an independent one. With
those inducements the men readily consented to the ar-

26 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

rani::emcnt, and therefore the order to go to Richmond.

The following changes took place in officers and non-
commissioned officers, while we were at Fredericksburg
and Aquia Creek.

First Lieut. James R. Crenshaw and Corporal Edward
T. Robinson did not accompany us, and soon after we
got to Fredericksburg Capt. Cary was made a Colonel ;
those vacancies were filled by promotions as follows :

Captain, Richard H. Cunningham.

First Lieut., Edward Mayo.

Second Lieut., Phillip A. Wei ford.

Jr. Second Lieut., Henry T. Miller.

h'irst Sergeant, John A. Pizzini.

Second Sergeant, Edward G. Rawlings.

1'hird Sergeant, John Tyler.

Fourth Sergeant, Thomas Ellett.

First Corporal, M. Louis Randolph.

Second Corporal, Jesse Child.

Third Corporal, J. Tucker Randolph.

I'ourth Corporal, Shirley King.

iMrst Corporal, M. Louis Randolph resigned June 4,
1861.

Jesse Child was made First Corporal June 5.

J. Tucker Randolph was made Second Corporal June

Shirley King was made Third Corporal June 5.

rieorge R. Pace was made Fourth Cori)i)ral June 5.

I'" Company gave up Capt. Cary with much reluctance.
He was the organizer of F Company, a fine soldier, strict
disciplinarian, and splendid drill master. They tell this
on him to show his promptness: At the time of the
John Brown raid, Gov. Wise one night sent for him, told
him he wanted his c()m])any to go to Harper's I'^Try at

FIRST CAPTAIN R. MILTON GARY

Ofl^ositc page 2G.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 27

once, and asked him, " How many men can you carry,
and how soon can vou meet me at the R. F. & P. R. R.
depot? " Capt. Cary replied, " Sixty men in sixty min-
utes." The old governor, much pleased with the answer,
told him to report within two hours.

When F Company left Richmond for Fredericksburg,
each man carried his equipment of gun, etc., a knapsack,
canteen, tin cup, and haversack ; most of them wore linen
gaiters and havelocks, the latter being a head covering,
a protection from the sun. Many wore around their
waists, next to their skin, a flannel belt or worsted string,
to prevent bowel complaint (?). In our knapsacks we
carried a fatigue jacket, several pairs of white gloves,
several pairs of drawers, several white shirts, under-
shirts, linen collars, neckties, white vest, socks, etc., filling
our knapsack to overflowing. Strapped on the outside
were one or two blankets, an oilcloth, and extra shoes.
Most of the knapsacks weighed between thirty and forty
pounds, but some were so full that they weighed fifty
pounds !

The best article carried by the soldiers was a needle
case, as it was called, containing needles of various sizes,
thread, buttons, etc. It soon became the most valuable
of our possessions, and when we went into camp we
would see the men occupied in sewing or patching their
clothing, and towards the last of the war, it was in almost
constant use. Notwithstanding this, it was hard to keep
the ragged clothing from showing a portion of the skin
of its wearer.

Every man carried a Bible, given with her blessing by
mother or sweetheart, and I suppose every man in the
Confederate army carried one. This Bible was read as
a book never was before. I read mine through the first

28 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

year. They were a blessing to many, and life savers, too,
as I heard of and saw many lives saved by bullets strik-
ing the Bible, carried in the breast pocket.

Ill

CAMP LEE AND MUSTERED INTO SERVICE

On our arrival at Camp Lee, we were given tents,
which we put up in regular military style near the center
of the grounds, and commenced a regular camp life;
drilling, guard mounting each morning, policing, inspec-
tions, and evening dress parade. The latter was wit-
nessed daily by quite a number of our lady friends from
Richmond.

We were mustered into service for one year on June
28, 1 86 1 (to date from April 21), on the Capitol Square
by Inspector General J. B. Baldwin. Each boy under 21,
and there were many, brought a written permit from
parent or guardian, and this was approved by the Gover-
nor of Virginia before he was mustered in.

I cannot give a copy of that muster roll, as it cannot
be found, but give that of the 30th, only two days later,
which is practically the same.

" Muster Roll of Captain Richard H. Cunningham,
Jr.'s Company F of Light Infantry from the City of
Richmond, known as ' F Company,' constituting part
of the Force of Virginia Volunteers, called into the Serv-
ice of the State by the Governor, under on Ordinance
of the State Convention adopted April 17, 1861. En-
rolled for Active Service at Richmond, on the 21st of
April, 1861 ; Mustered into Service at Richmond on the
28th day of June, 1861, for one year from the 21st day
of April, 1861, unless sooner discharged."

30 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

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Recapitulation.

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Sick

With leave

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I certify on honor, that tliis " Muster Roll '' exhibits the
true state of the company therein described, for the period
mentioned ; tliat the *' Remarks " set opposite the name of
each officer and soldier are accurate and just.

(Signed) R. H. Cunxixgiiam. Jr.,

Commanding the Company.

I certify on honor, that I have at the Camp of Instruction
on this 30th day of June, 1861, carefully examined this Roll
and that I have mustered the company.

(Signed) William Gilham,

Col. and Mustering Officer.
Date, June 30, 1861.
Location, Camp of Instruction.

While in Camp Lee, some of the company visited the
city daily, some with passes, others *' ran the blockade "
on their uniform. As before stated, our uniforms gave
the impression of a first lieutenant, and when we wanted
to go to the city and could not get a pass, we would

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 35

march boldly by a sentinel on duty at some of the many
openings around the grounds, give him the salute, and
he would present arms as we passed out. So many of
our company went to the city in this w^ay, that orders
were finally issued that every one leaving the grounds
should go out of the gate; and as some officer was al-
ways stationed there, wt were afraid to try it too often.

I cannot help telling of a good thing I heard from an
officer. One night I was particularly anxious to go to
the city, and no one was allowed to go out at night, un-
less he had the countersign. This was only given to those
on duty, and in consequence none of us could go out at
night. As night approached, I walked to the guard
quarters at the gate, and took a seat among some of my
company who were on duty, hoping something would
turn up, and let me into the secret. I was there some
time, but no one would talk about it, and as it was getting
dark, I had about made up my mind to leave, and try
to dodge the sentinel by walking out, hoping he would
think me one of the guards. The captain of the guard
now made his appearance, and called by name the non-
commissioned officer who was on duty, and said, " The
countersign to-night is ' Richmond,' and the password,
' Chickahominy.' " I was so overjoyed that I came near
letting the officer know that I was not one of the guard.
As soon as he walked away I quietly left, went to our
quarters, told many of the company, and they left for
the city. About half of the company did the same.

Our company was called on suddenly about sunset, on
Monday, July i, to " fall in," and we marched, at a dou-
ble quick, through rain and mud to the Penitentiary.
Here we found the weaving department on fire, and
much excitement; our company was put on guard duty.

36 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

After remaining several hours, the fire having been put
out and quiet restored, we were again ordered to " fall
in," and marclied to the corner of Fifth and Franklin
Streets in the city and were dismissed, being allowed to
go to our homes for the remainder of the night. We
were given orders to assemble at the same point next
morning at lo o'clock, when we marched back to Camp
Lee.

Quite a stir was created in camp one day by the an-
nouncement that a flag would be presented to Company
B. This was a very handsome silk flag, was made by
the ladies of Baltimore and '' ran the blockade " into
Richmond, and was presented to the company by Presi-
dent Davis. He made one of his brilliant speeches in
the presence of the regiment, and a large number of vis-
itors from Richmond, most of whom were ladies. The
occasion passed off with great enthusiasm.

About two weeks after reaching Camp Lee, the 21st
Regiment of Virginia Infantry was formed, including
the Maryland company, two or three others, and F Com-
pany. The following officers were appointed :

William Gilham, Colonel, from the Va. Military In-
stitute.

John M. Patton, Lt. Colonel, from Richmond.

Scott Shipp, Major, from the Va. Military Institute.

Wilham H. Morgan, Adjutant, from the Va. Military
Institute.

Dr. Robert L. Coleman, Surgeon, from Richmond.

Dr. R. Lewis, Assistant Surgeon, from Richmond.

H. E. C. Baskerville, Commissary, from Richmond.

Virginus Dabney, Sergeant Major.

Timothy H. Kellogg, Commissary Sergeant, from
Richmond.

ONE OF JACKSON^S FOOT CAVALRY 37

In a few days an order was sent to these officers to
complete the regiment at once from such companies as
were then in camp, and be ready to move as soon as pos-
sible ; as troops were very much needed in the field. This
order was complied with, and the regiment was com-
pleted. The following is a list of companies and their
captains, in alphabetical order, as I am unable to give
them in the order of their rank :

Company " B " of Baltimore, Maryland, Captain J.
Lyle Clarke.

Brunswick Grays, Brunswick Co., Captain Robert-
son.

Buckingham Leitches, Buckingham Co., Captain James
Leitch.

Chalk Level Grays, Pittsylvania Co., Captain

Mustain.

Cumberland Grays, Cumberland Co., Captain Francis
D. Irving.

" F " Company, Richmond, Captain Richard H. Cun-
ningham, Jr.

Meherrin Grays, Mecklenberg Co., Captain William
R. Berkeley.

Oliver Grays, Buckingham Co., Captain John Oliver.

Red House Volunteers, Charlotte Co., Captain John
B. Moseley.

Turkey Cock Grays, Pittsylvania Co., Captain William
A. Witcher.

The regiment numbered about eight hundred and fifty,
rank and file. We were soon ready, and reported to the
authorities. Our company now equipped itself with
everything that could be gotten to make us comfortable.
As we had been in the field several weeks and knew the
necessities, had marched, slept without protection, done

38 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

picket duty, been in one engagement; we thought our-
selves veterans, and as such, were going to take along
with us everything the authorities would allow. Each
mess purchased a nice chest. As our own was a fair
specimen, 1 will try to describe it and its contents.
The chest was made of oak, and was about three
feet long, eighteen inches deep and wide. In it were
several trays ; it was strapped securely with iron, at
each end were iron handles, and its top was secured
by substantial iron hinges and a strong lock. We
had in it a dozen knives and forks, two or three
butcher knives, a dozen teacups and saucers, a dozen
plates, several dishes and bowls, a sugar dish and cream
pitcher, salt and pepper boxes, a tin box, containing a
dozen assorted boxes of spices, a dozen glasses, a sifter,
rolling pin, coffee tin, etc. ; besides these, we carried out-
side a frying pan, coffee pot, camp kettle, teapot, bread
oven that afterwards played such a prominent part in the
army as the *' spider," two water buckets, ax, etc.

The regiment got orders to be ready to take the cars
at the Central De|X)t on the iSth of July, 1861, for
Staunton. Promptly on that morning we marched out
of Canij) Lee into Broad Street, where we wheeled into
platoons, 1^' Company in front, and marched to the depot.
Our friends turned out by thousands and the march was
made amidst the inspiring cheers of the multitude that
bade us good-by. The day was terribly hot, and many
of the men fell out of rank during the march, overcome
by the heat.

In addition to the usual arms of an infantryman, each
man carried a l(jng bowie knife, and a pistol at his belt.

WEST VIRGINIA

We left Richmond about ii a. m. on the i8th of
July, 1 86 1, for Staunton, which place we reached in slow
time on the next morning about 7 o'clock. We were
marched to the Fair Grounds, and camped in a wood on
a large hill overlooking the depot and city. During the
day we made additional purchases of articles that we
thought would be of use and comfort to us, and hired
teams to carry our company baggage. The next morning
we left Staunton, marching to Buffalo Gap ; the regiment
having a wagon train of thirty-five wagons, most of which
were four-horse mountain wagons. Our company had
five, having hired four of that number to carry our bag-
gage, knapsacks, chests, etc., the one furnished by the
government carrying our tents and cooking utensils.
When we reached Buffalo Gap, flour was issued to us as
rations, and we were promised beef as soon as some of the
regiment would kill some cattle that were in a pen in sight.
Some of the F boys volunteered to do the killing, if
others would do the dressing, etc. The force was soon
made up, the F boys quietly loading their guns, and
shooting the required number of beeves, the others dress-
ing them, and in a short time we had our regular supper.
This is the commencement of our rations of beef and
flour, a ration that was issued to us many years. While
the beef was being dressed, camp was laid off, tents
pitched, fires made. Some of the men took a delightful
bath, others climbed the steep mountain and viewed the

40 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

surrounding country. Guard was placed around the
camp, and as bedtime approached we went quietly to rest,
after our first regular march as a regiment.

Next morning we continued our march, and during
the day we heard firing of artillery so plainly in our
front, that our officers sent someone ahead to find out
what it meant. After waiting some time one of them
rode forward, and when he returned after several hours'
absence, he could give no account of it, saying that as
far as he went it seemed just ahead, and no one he saw
could give any information in regard to it. We went
into camp at Ryan's, and while we were eating supper a
dispatch was received by a courier, saying a great battle
had been fought and won by the Confederates at Manas-
sas. We must have been one hundred miles in an air
line from Manassas. The firing was as distinct that day
as any I heard afterwards that was five to six miles off.

The company's first misfortune overtook us at Ryan's;
the government took one of our company's wagons, and
the driver of another refused to go any farther. Some
of the mess chests were left, and some of the men had to
carry tlieir knapsacks. The next day we reached ]\Ic-
Dowell in a drizzling rain, and met the men of Garnett's
command, who had been defeated a few days before at
Carrick's Ford. They were a forlorn looking set, and
told awful tales of having nothing to eat except berries
and roasting ears! None of us believed what they said.
It was not many months before we were made to realize
tiiat it was the truth. We now lost another of our coni-
I)any's wagons and more mess chests were left behind.
The next day we marched to Monterey. We were living
high, buying as many chickens as we wanted, nearly
grown, for six pence — 8 1-3 cents — each, butter and

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 41

eggs at corresponding prices per pound and dozen, and
when we could stop for a meal, the price was nine pence
— 12 1-2 cents.

Continuing our march, we reached Napp's Creek Val-
ley on the 25th, and forded that creek seventeen times
during the day's march, the road crossing from one side
to the other every few hundred yards. Gen. Loring, the
officer in command of this expedition, passed us to-day
while we were on the march. His attention being called
to the regiment, he remarked that they were a fine look-
ing body of men, but no soldiers. Until they are able to
sleep in winter amidst the snow and ice without tents,
they are not soldiers! This was repeated to our com-
pany, and the men were very indignant, and put him down
at once as an officer who knew nothing ; and each man in
the company wanted to call him to account for the insinu-
ation, and would have told him they never expected to
sleep in snow or surrounded by ice. Alas, for our judg-
ment! It was not many months before we were of the
same opinion as Gen. Loring, and we then knew that we
had at this time learned nothing about the duties of sol-
diers in the field. On the evening of the 26th, we reached
Huntersville, the county seat of Pocahontas.

We stayed there several days, concentrating a force
large enough to cope with the enemy in our front. We
were joined by several regiments of infantry, several
companies of cavalry, and several batteries of artillery.
During our stay there a great many of the men became
sick with measles and typhoid fever, and when we left
on the evening of the 3d of August, at least one-third
of the 2 1st Va. Regt. was sick in the hospitals. The
courthouse and only church had been converted into hos-
pitals, and some of the private houses were full of the

42 OXE OF JACKSOX'S FOOT CAVALRY

sick, and tents had to be erected for others. Our com-
pany's baggage was reduced so much that we only had
one wagon when we left. The march continued until
we reached Valley Mountain on the 6th, where our regi-
ment pitched tents on the side of this mountain, and we
went into camp.

Gen. R. E. Lee, having been assigned to the command
of this department, joined us here, and pitched his head-
quarter's tents about one or two hundred yards from our
company. He soon won the affection of all by his po-
liteness and notice of the soldiers. He very often had
something to say to the men, and it soon became known
that when some of the people in the neighborhood sent
him something good to eat, as soon as the messenger got
out of sight, the articles were sent to some sick soldier.
This affection increased as the years rolled on, and I sup-
pose no body of men under his command had more love
and respect for our great leader than these men who
first served under him !

Here is an incident showing Gen. Lee's kindness of
heart. He was well aware of the arduous duties we had
to do at that time. On a rainy night a private of Com-
pany E of our regiment was on guard duty. Soon after
getting to his post he took a seat on a log, thinking he
could protect himself and his gun from the rain better in
this position. While in this position he was approached
by the corporal of the guard, who accused the man of be-
ing asleep on his ])ost. This the man denied and stated
that the ground being so soft from rain, he did not
hear him approach, 'i'hc corjxjral arrested him. and took
him to the guard house, turning him over to the officer
of the guard. At that time it was thought a capital of-
fense for a man to be caught asleep on post, and punish-

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 43

able by death. In the morning the captain of the guard
consulted with the officers of the regiment as to what
should be done. All of them thought he ought to be shot.
Things began to look blue for the man, when as by in-
spiration the captain said, " Well, Gen. Lee is here, and
he knows, and Lll carry you to him." As they ap-
proached Gen. Lee's tent, they saw he was alone, and at a
table writing. On getting to the tent the general bade
them good-morning and invited them in. When they en-
tered, the general said, '' What can I do for you, cap-
tain? " The captain stated the case, and said the officers
of the regiment did not know what to do, so he came to
consult him. Gen. Lee at once replied, '' Captain, you
know the arduous duties these men have to do daily.
Suppose the man who was found on his post asleep had
been you, or me, what do you think should be done to
him? " The captain replied that he had not thought of
it in that way. Then Gen. Lee turned to the man and
said, " My man, go back to your quarters, and never let
it be said you were found asleep on your post."

The sick became so numerous here, and the regiments
were so diminished at one time, that I suppose there were
not more than one-fourth of the men available for duty.
I know that in my own regiment we had to picket to the
front and when one picket was relieved and the men re-
turned to camp in the evening, most of them were detailed
immediately, and ordered to get ready with rations, etc.,
to go on duty again in the morning. We worked a great
deal on the roads. Some of the men while at work one
day under the direction of a corporal, were observed by
Gen. Loring in his rounds. He dismounted, gave some
directions as to work, and then took a seat on a log
near him. The corporal joined him, and seating himself

44 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

near the general, made some remarks about the work,
and said to Gen. Loring, ** General, we officers have
a good time up here, don't we? " General Loring looked
at him, and then asked his rank. He replied : '* Cor-
poral! " The general, who was a profane man, let some
" cuss words " loose at him, and told him to take a spade ;
and it is said the corporal made the dirt fly as long as
Gen. Loring was in sight.

Gen. Lee ordered a forward movement on Sept. 9th.
The men were given thirty rounds of ammunition each,
which in a short time thereafter were increased to forty
rounds, which number was always carried by each man
to the end of the war, unless on some special occasion we
were required to carry eighty.

We met the enemy at Conrad's Mill on the nth, when
some skirmishing and artillery firing took place. As we
advanced up the road, we passed our first dead Yankee.
He made a lasting impression, as he lay on the side of
the road, his face upturned and a fresh pool of
blood at his side, showing that his life had just passed
away.

The enemy retired during the night. The next day a
picket from the 21st Va. Regt. was sent to the front, re-
maining there until the 15th, when we fell back to Valley
Mountain, reaching there on the 17th.

The failure here was owing more to mud than any-
thing else. In all my experience of the war I never saw
as much nuid. It seemed to rain every day and it got
to be a saying in our company that you must not halloo
loud, for if you should, we would immediately have a
hard shower, and when some of the men on their return
from picket had to shoot their guns off to get the load
out, it brought on a regular flood. Granville Gray al-

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 45

ways said it rained thirty-^zt'o days in August. I was
told by wagoners that it was hard for them to haul
from Milboro, a distance of sixty miles, any more than
it took to feed their teams back and forth. I saw dead
mules lying in the road, with nothing but their ears show-
ing above the mud.

We remained at Valley mountain until the 24th, when
Gen. Lee left us and joined Gen. Floyd on Sewell's
Mountain, taking all the troops with him but our regi-
ment, the Irish Battalion, a battery of artillery and a
company of cavalry. These troops were left in com-
mand of Col. Gilham of the 21st Va. Regt. He fell
back to Middle Mountain, about two miles from Valley
Mountain, which position could be more easily defended.
We marched to the place of our encampment on Middle
Mountain, stacked arms, and returned to Valley Moun-
tain for our camp equipage. Having no wagon, we had
to carry everything needed on our backs, and had to make
several trips to do it. What was left at Valley Moun-
tain was gathered together and burned. What a fall for
F Company! You will remember that we left Staunton
with five wagons loaded with baggage belonging to the
company. We are now moving the camp of our regi-
ment without a single wagon.

We left Middle Mountain on the 28th, after a heavy
rain. All the creeks had become small rivers, and as
we forded them the water came up to our waists. We
had now one two-horse and one three-horse wagon to
move everything belonging to the command, and began
to think, as Gen. Loring did, that we were men, but not
soldiers. After a short march each day we reached
Elk Mountain about dark on Oct. i. A detail of a lieu-
tenant and six men and a non-commissioned officer was

46 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

made from F Company, and sent back eight miles on the
road to picket. We reached our destination alx)ut mid-
night. Two sentinels were posted at once, one in the
road, the other in a path that led over the mountain, head-
quarters of the camp being at a spring on the road near
a house, but on the opposite side of the road. The next
morning, not long after day, the inmates of the house,
a woman and her children, commenced to stir, and soon
made their appearance. About sunrise the woman came
to the yard fence, and commenced to abuse us in the most
violent language I ever heard from a woman. It was
some time before we could tell why she was abusing us.
She had quite a large number of beehives, and the troops
marching by her house the day before molested none of
them. When she arose in the morning, and knew that
one of her best hives w'as gone, and a squad of men were
at her spring, it was quite natural that she should think
we took it. Our lieutenant, Edward Mayo, tried to im-
press on her that we did not ; but she knew better, as she
had gone to bed with everything all right, and when she
awoke, we were there and the hive was gone. This was
convincing |)r()of to her. We were ordered not to go on
her side of the road, nor have any talk with the inmates
of the house, as Lieutenant Mayo w^ould show her that
we were gentlemen at any rale. We had no rations, as
we moved in ihc night, before we could get any. It is
true that some of the men had a little sugar and coffee,
and some a little raw meat and a few biscuit, .\ftcr the
old lady had cooled off, as we supposed, our lieutenant
went over to the house and tried to borrow or hire a cof-
fee pot. but the old lady said she would see him and us
in a hot place sooner. On his return we built a small
fire, boiled the meat, and divided the bread amongst us.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 47

The woman now, to add to our misery, commenced to
bring out her milk and carry it to the hog pen, pouring
gallon after gallon to the hogs. We did not say a word
to any of the household during the day. A little before
night our lieutenant went over again to see what he could
do, and with the offer of a little coffee, an article he found
the old lady was very fond of and had been without for
some time, he got the use of a teakettle to make some cof-
fee in, and she baked us an oven of corn bread. He
carried the articles back, and stayed in the porch, had
quite a long chat, and returning, told us she promised to
let us have the kettle and some more bread in the morn-
ing. In the morning we got them, with the promise of
a dinner for the party. About dinner time we were
relieved, and ordered to report back to camp. We waited
for our dinner, and the old lady certainly did try herself.
She gave us as nice a dinner as we ever had, including
dessert, which made amends for the way in which she first
treated us. She also apologized, and we left truly
friends, and all kissed the baby.

We left Elk Mountain on the 9th, for Edray, march-
ing amidst the most beautiful scenery I ever saw, the
trees having taken on their brilliant colors of fall. We
remained in Edray and had a picket on Elk Mountain
until the 14th, when we moved to Greenbrier river. Soon
after leaving our camp and getting into the road, we
passed two men who were sitting on the ground, facing
a rail fence. Their hands and feet were put through the
rails, and tied together on the opposite side of the fence,
in such a position that they could not move. A little
further on, we passed two who were lying on top of the
fence, their hands and feet tied to some of the rails under-
neath, so as to keep them from moving. These men had

48 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

been guilty of disobeying some order, and were punished
in tliat manner.

We went regularly into camp, on the banks of the beau-
tiful Greenbrier, on a piece of low ground that was al-
most level, affording plenty of room for camp and drill.
It was a magnificent camp. The weather w-as fine, and
the time of year such as to make it bracing; the men soon
improved so much, and fattened too, that they became
better looking than when they left home. W^e had a
picket on the other side of Edray, about twelve miles
from camp. About fifteen men and an officer went and
stayed three days. It was my fortune to go there with
the first detail, and I went again afterwards, and I
thought it the most delightful duty of the war.

While we were in this camp we were informed that in
a few days there would be an election for President and
Vice-President of the Confederate States of America.
This had been talked about with much interest for some
time, but without the usual excitement of an election, as
there was only one ticket in the field. All the South
looked to Mr. Davis as their leader, and no other person
was even thought of. Much interest was taken by the
soldiers, as it would be the first election held in camp.
They discussed as to who were entitled to vote, and
where the voting place would be located. On a cloudy
morning in November it was announced that the eventful
day had arrived, and the precinct was open. Some of the
regiment had been a])p()iiited judges. The voting pre-
cinct was in a tent in our camp, across the entrance of
which a pole had been placed, to mark the line between
the voters and judges. It had been decided that all en-
listed soldiers, regardless of age, that were of good stand-
ing, could vote. 1'hc following ticket was eagerly voted :

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 49

Virginia Electoral Ticket
Election November 6th, 1861.

For President
Jefferson Davis,
of Mississippi.

For Vice-President

Alex. H. Stevens,

of Georgia.

Electors

For the State at Large
John R. Edmunds, Halifax.
A. T. Caperton, Monroe.

For the District
1st. Joseph Christian, Middlesex.
2nd. Cincinnatiis W. Newton, Norfolk City.
3rd. R. T. Daniel, -Richmond City.
4th. W. F. Thompson, Dinwiddie.
5th. Wood Bouldin, Charlotte.
6th. W. L. Goggin, Bedford.
7th. B. F. Randolph, Albemarle.
8th. James W. Walker, Madison.
9th. Asa Rogers, Loudoun,
loth. Samuel C. Williams, Shenandoah,
nth. Samuel M. D. Reid, Rockbridge.
1 2th. H. A. Edmundson, Roanoke.
13th. J. W. Sheffey, Smyth.
14th. H. J. Fisher, Mason.
15th. Joseph Johnson, Flarrison.
1 6th. E. H. Fitzhugh, Ohio.

50 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

The election passed off with much enthusiasm, and at
the close of day, when it was announced that the entire
regiment had voted for Jefferson Davis and Alex. H.
Stevens, there were loud and repeated cheers for them
and the Confederacy.

One morning while we were in the camp, the guard
near the river reported a deer swimming the river, and
making fc^r the middle of our camp. All was in com-
motion in a minute. The deer came over and ran down
the middle street of our encampment, and took to the
hills in the rear. Many men took their guns and went
in pursuit, 1 amongst the rest; and, hoping to head
the deer off and get a shot, I ran in an ohlique direc-
tion to the top of the hill, hut did not see the deer, as
it had heen turned the other way hy some of the men.
The exertion made me breathe rapidly, and I took my
time back to camp. One of the guard quietly ap-
proached, told me I was arrested, and marched me to
the guard house, which was the shade of a tree on the
river side. During my absence, an order had been
issued to the guard to arrest every man found with a
gun in his hand; my comrades, being near enough,
heard the order given, dropped their guns, quietly
walked into camp, and afterwards went back for them.
I was the only man arrested. Another deer ran
through our camp before we left. We made ex-
cursions in the neighborhood, sometimes fording
the river, sometimes mounting a log and riding
over on that, often getting a ducking by the logs turn-
ing.

W'c left Greenbrier river on November iitli. and
reached the Warm S])rings the night of the i^lh. march-
ing twenty-two miles lliat day, the last five (on Peter

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 51

Sublett's dead level) all the way up hill! The hotel
was open at that time, and the officers of F Company-
treated the company to supper. I cannot tell you of
that supper. I only know none was ever enjoyed more.
After supper we took a bath in the warm pool, and as
the atmosphere was cool, we thought the water hot,
but we enjoyed it. Next morning the men of F Com-
pany took breakfast at the hotel, and we marched to the
Bath Alum Springs, pitched tents, and went regularly
into camp. We had a good snow here. Our camp
was on the edge of a piece of land that had been re-
cently cleared of its wood, the wood being cut into
logs about eight feet long, and piled ready for burning.
Every day we toted enough of these logs to our tents to
make a great fire that would last about twenty- four
hours. At night we gathered around these fires, and
had a big time telling tales, singing, etc. I think the
company enjoyed this camp very much. Here a com-
rade, J. E. Mayo, and I took our muskets and went out
of camp to see if we could get a deer ; we cut our bul-
lets into slugs and loaded with them. We had not gone
more than three hundred yards when two deer sprang
up, but we thought they were too far for our slugs.
A little farther on we came to a branch that seemed to
run around a hill. It was agreed that he should go
over the hill, and I would follow the branch; and when
he got in sight of the branch, he should halloo. I
waited for the signal, and hearing it, started up the
bottom, went a short distance, jumped a doe, called out
to him to look out, and soon heard a shot which killed
the deer. We carried it at once to camp, and had a big
time over our deer. We stayed at Bath Alum Springs
until the 30th, when we marched to Milboro, staying

5J ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

there until December 4th, and then took the cars for
Staunton.

We left Millboro late in the evening on flat cars, and
did not reach the camping place on the side of the rail-
road near Staunton until late in the night. That was
a fearful ride at that season of the year; it was cold,
and our riding on a flat car made it more so. The
water tank at Panther Gap was literally one mass of
ice; some of the men got a small quantity of wood and
built fires in the spiders and ovens that afforded a little
warmth for a few. It was only a few minutes after
leaving the cars before we had trees cut down and
rousing fires going. Did it ever occur to the reader
how quickly soldiers could make fires? It made no
difference whether it was raining, snowing, or blowing
a great gale, in five minutes after getting into camp, a
regiment would have fifty fires burning. Wet wood
and green wood made no difference.

While we were in this camp, we elected officers to
fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of First
Lieutenant Edward Mayo. P. A. \\'ellford was made
first lieutenant, H. T. Miller second, and W. Granville
Gray, Junior, second.

THE VALLEY OF VIRGINIA

We were encamped in Augusta County, about one and
a half miles north of Staunton. In the valley, that great
place for wheat, flour, and hogs, and democrats, the
latter could always be heard from in counting the votes
after an election.

We remained here until the loth of December, when
we took up our march to join Jackson at Winchester.
We marched along quietly each day, until we reached Mt.
Jackson on the 20th. It was the custom, during the
war, to march with the right of the regiment in front
one day, and the left next day. On the 20th the left
was marching in front. That threw our company in
the rear, as w^e were the right company. During the
day the left led off several times in quick time, which
gave our company hard marching. Few know how
much easier it is to march in front of a regiment than
in the rear. That night our company decided that we
would get even next day with the left, and if the of-
ficers did not interfere, we would give it to them.
Soon after getting into the road the next morning, our
captain told Sergeant Rawlings, who was leading the
company, to step out. Now Sergeant Rawlings was
just the man to do it, as he was a powerful man phys-
ically, with great endurance. lie stepped out at quick
time, and kept that pace during the march. In six
hours and a half after leaving Mt. Jackson, we went
into camp at Strasburg, marching twenty-three and

54 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

one-half miles. It was said by some of the boys who
timed us, that we marched three miles at one time in
thirty-three minutes. This was the quickest march we
made during the war. We had a snow storm while
at Strasburg, and marched to Winchester on the 25th,
passing through the town the next day, going into camp
on the Romney Road. In marching through Winches-
ter, as we filed to the left at one of the cross streets, we
saw standing in the crowd on the sidewalk a man with
full dark whiskers and hair, dressed in uniform, wear-
ing a long dark blue overcoat with a large cape, his
coat reaching to his boots, which were worn outside of
his pants in regular military style, and on them were
bright spurs. His head was covered by a faded gray
cap, pulled down so far over his face that between cap
and whiskers one could see very little of it ; but as we
passed we caught a glimpse of a pair of dark flashing
eyes from underneath the brim of his cap. That man
was Stonewall Jackson, and this was our lirst sight of
him.

In our march on the third day after leaving Staunton,
we met a woman riding a horse; she had five children
on this same horse. She had large bags, fastened to-
gether after the fashion of saddle bags, on the horse
behind the saddle, and a cliild's head was looking out
on each side of the horse, two children were on the
horse behind her, and a baby in her arms. When she
came into our midst, and realized that the war was
actually going on, she broke down and commenced to
cry. One of our ofhcers rode up to her, hat in hand
and with the politeness of a Virginian, said some pleas-
ant word to her. This, .iiid the respect shown her by
the passing men, soon restored her. She said her hus-

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 55

band was in the army, and she, fearing to stay at their
home by herself in the lower valley, was going to her
mother's higher up, where she hoped to be out of reach
of the enemy, in case the lower valley should be aban-
doned by our army. She would have to travel about
fifty miles. The children seemed tO' be in splendid spirits
and to enjoy our passing. Although this was a sight
none of us ever saw before, every one treated her with
the respect due the first lady of the land. Here is war,
real war. Such scenes as families leaving home with
nothing but what they could carry on their person, was
witnessed many times by the writer.

In going down the valley, we had a feast all the way;
the people had just finished killing hogs, and every
house had sausage, spare ribs, chine, liver, etc., to give
us. We passed Lacy's Spring or Big Spring for the
first time, situated on the side of the pike. The volume
of water from this spring is large enough to run a large
mill, and it looked more like a small river than a spring
branch.

At that time everything in the valley had a thrifty
look, the horses and cattle were fat and sleek, the large
barns overflowing with the gathered crops, the houses
which were small in comparison with the barns, looked
comfortable, the fences, post and rail or stone, were in
splendid order; in fact everything looked well, and
showed a thriving population. It was truly a land of
milk and honey.

While in camp at Winchester, the Irish Battalion
and the 48th, 4.26., and 21st Va. Regiments were formed
into a brigade, and were known as the second brigade
of Jackson's division. Col. Wm. Gilham, being the
ranking officer, took command. The marching we had

56 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

now dune made all of us discard everything but neces-
saries, and we bei^an to think that Ritchie Green did a
very smart thing, when we left Richmond, to carry
nothing in his knapsack but one paper collar and a plug
of tobacco!

We elected a lieutenant here, to fill the vacancy occa-
sioned by the resignation of Second Lieutenant Henry
T. Miller. W. Granville Gray was made second lieu-
tenant, and James B. Payne, junior, second lieutenant.

BATH AND ROMNEY

Gen. Jackson having decided on a winter campaign,
marched his army from the neighborhood of Winches-
ter January i, 1862, a beautiful day, the sun shining
brightly and the atmosphere bracing. The second bri-
gade camped near Pughtown that night, the 21st Va.
Regt. in a large wood, where gathering the fresh fallen
leaves into large piles, placing our oilcloths on them
and laying down, covering with our blankets, we en-
joyed the bed as much as any we ever slept on.

We marched the next morning at early dawn, and at
night camped at Unger's X Roads. The next day, the
3d, we met the enemy about five miles from Bath, Mor-
gan County. The 21st Va. Regt. was marching near
the rear of the column. Gen. Jackson sent an order for F
Company to report to the front, and we marched by our
troops, who had halted in the road. When we reached
the front, we halted and were ordered to load, which
was done under fire, as the enemy were a short dis-
tance in front, on a hill behind a fence. As soon as
we had loaded, we were deployed as skirmishers, and
ordered forward through a wood, halting on its edge
behind a fence. There we became heavily engaged
with the enemy, and kept up a fire until it was too dark
to see. Firing ceased, and returning to our regiment,
we went into camp. This was the first real fight of the
company, and the men behaved splendidly. William

58 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

Exall was killed and Lieut. James B. Payne seriously
wounded.

It snowed during the night and the weather became
very cold.

The enemy were at Bath in force. Tn the morning
Gen. Jackson advanced on their ])osition in three col-
umns, the second brigade moving along the road with
I*" Company as advance guard. We moved slowly, in
order to let a column on our left get into position on
the mountain ridge. We came in sight of the enemy,
who were in line of battle on that ridge, about one and
a half miles from Bath. Our column had marched along
the road until it got almost on the flank of their line,
before they moved. It was too far for musket firing,
but the men of each side engaged in much abuse of each
other. As soon as our skirmish line on the ridge came
within shooting distance, firing commenced, and the
enemy began to retreat. Gen. Jackson now arrived at
the front and took the lead on horseback, a few cour-
iers following him ; as he passed our company, he or-
dered us to double quick, and we soon ran. This was
a grand sight. The second brigade marching by the
Hank and running down the road, the Yankees in sight
on the ridge to our left, running too, our column on
the ridge following them as fast as they could run!
In tliis way cnir column entered Bath, going through
the village, doubling back on the road which wound up
the ridge. When we reached the top of the ridge, we
could see the Yankees disap])caring at the far end of a
field, going toward the Potomac river. We followed,
but the road ran through a defile, and we could not go
as fast as the enemy, because we had to look out for
their rear guard, who occasionally came in sight and

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 59

fired. The enemy went over the river during the night.
We captured some stores and a few prisoners.

I saw Col. Turner Ashby to-day for the first time ; he
impressed me as being a dashing man. He passed us
with a company of cavalry, taking a road to our left.
One of our columns following on another road, had a
spirited combat with the enemy. On the next day, the
5th, Gen. Jackson moved his force towards Hancock, a
village on the Maryland side of the Potomac. He sent
for F Company to come to the front and lead the col-
umn across the river ; a high honor to come from him.
We marched out of camp singing, and kept it up until
we arrived at the front. While we were singing the
" Pirate's Glee," and were well in the chorus, every
man having joined in with a zest, and had taken up the
inspiring words, " We'll nail the black flag to the mast,"
we came suddenly on Gen. Jackson. He pulled off his
cap, and his eyes twinkled with evident delight as we
passed.

We marched to a certain point and halted, and stayed
there several hours, the Yankees throwing a shell at us
occasionally from a battery in Plancock. The ground » ^
was covered with snow, and it was cold, and we were ^ ^
not allowed to make fires. As night approached, we
marched back and with our regiment, camped for the
night. It was snowing and hailing, which continued
all night, and was intensely cold. The ground the next
morning was covered several inches with snow and
ice. Gen. Jackson gave up the advance on this road,
owing to the ice in the Potomac river, and on the 8th
we returned to Unger's X Roads. The march was a
terrible one; the road had become one sheet of ice from
frequent marching over it, and the men would march

6o OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

in the side ditches and in the woods, where it was prac-
ticable; guns were constantly being fired by the men
falling, and many accidents were occasioned thereby.
In some instances the horses had to be taken from the
cannon and wagons, and men with chains and ropes
I)ulled them, the horses being sent forward through the
woods; and at many hills, the pioneers had to cut small
trenches across the road, in order that the men might
have a footing. It was late in the night when we
stopped to camp. Although the men underwent great
exertion in this march, the cold was so intense that
their suffering was great. I saw Gen. Jackson march-
ing along the road on foot with the men several times.
Col. Gilham and Major Shipp of the 21st Va. Regt.
received an order to report to the Va. ^lilitar}' Institute
for duty, and they left on the 9th. The men had
become very much attached to both, and were sorry to
give them up. As a token of their respect, F Company
purchased a fine horse and presented it to Col. Gilham,
attaching to the bridle one of our F's. The next day
we had hail again; the second brigade marched only
about fc)ur miles, marching as they did the day before,
men to help cannon and wagons. The next day my
regiment marched about five hundred yards', and the
head of the brigade marched about four miles. Owing
to the terrible weather, our line was scattered over ten
miles of road. My mess was so near the camping place
of last night, that we went back to it, put the chunks
together, and in a short time were comfortable and
asleep for the night, rejoining the company in the morn-
ing in time for roll call. The only way we could get
along at all was to have heavy details of men with
each wagon and cannon to help, and at times to pull

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 6i

them. Each day was colder than the day before, and
we crossed most of the streams, cannon, wagons, and
men, on the ice.

On the 14th it snowed and hailed again. In our
march we passed for several miles along the road a
growth of flat cedar or arbor vitse. We continued our
march in the same way, until we reached the neighbor-
hood of Romney on the 17th. There the head of the
column had quite a spirited combat with the enemy,
capturing their camp and some stores. The second bri-
gade went into camp in a wood near the town, and
picketed the road we had marched over. Here the sun
came out and shone on us, the first time for nineteen
days.

Our mess lost its " spider " on this march, and I
thought one might be purchased in the neighborhood to
replace it. One day I took a stroll into the country to
get one, and went to several houses without success.
Finally I came to a very comfortable looking house,
and found an old lady who was very talkative. She
made many inquiries where we were from, how long
we were going to stay, etc. ; she seemed particularly
pleased on learning I was from Richmond, and we had
a long chat about the city. I finally told her what I
wanted. She called a servant girl and held a consulta-
tion, and finally decided that she would let me have a
certain oven that was too large for her family. It was
brought from one of the outhouses and a bargain was
made, after much discussion. She wished to know if it
suited me. It was an unusually large one, and had a
broken lid. It did not suit me, but was the only one
I had been able to get, and I told her that it did.
As to the price, she did not know what to say. She

62 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

finally said, *' That is a good oven. I bought it in Win-
chester sixteen years ago, and gave two dollars and
fifty cents for it. It's a good oven, even if the lid is
cracked (a piece was broken out of it), it's done me
good service. \\'ell, as you want it, under the circum-
stances, you may have it for two dollars and seventy-
five cents." That took all the wind out of me; I am
sure you could have knocked me down with a feather,
but T paid her the money, and the service that oven
rendered us proved it was a bargain.

The first night or two after the ground became cov-
ered with snow. We cleaned the snow ofif, so as to have
the ground to lie on, but the thawing of the ground
underneath us made it nuuldy, and our oilcloths would
be badly soiled when we got up in the morning; we
then tried the snow, and found it made a better bed
and was equally as warm. After that, we never re-
moved the snow on going into camp. Some nights we
would spread our tent on the snow, put our oilcloths on
that, and a blanket on that, then the party would lie
down, a comrade cover them up with the remaining
blankets, and then throw the sides of the tent over that,
leaving nothing but the head out; he would then crawl
from the bottom into his place, in this way I managed
to sleep very comfortably several nights on this expe-
dition.

On the 24th, the 21st Va. Kcgt. marched into the
town of Romncy, taking up its (piartcrs in the houses
that had been rlescrtcd. V Conii)any had the bank
building. We lived \\\'\\ there; my mess employed an
old darky, about two squares oft*, to cook our rations,
she adding to tlicni any good thing she could get.
There was a hotel that had buckwheat cakes in splendid

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 6^

style, fine butter and syrup for breakfast, and only
charged twenty-five cents for meals. It took only three
days for us to eat it out.

Gen. Jackson left us here, going to Winchester and
taking a part of his force with him, leaving Gen. Lor-
ing in command at Roniney. We staid until the even-
ing of February 3d, when Romney was given up, and
Gen. Loring's force was marched towards Winchester.
W^e marched late in the night, and it snowed again.
Our wagons had gone ahead, and when I arrived at
their camping place, I sat down on a bucket at one of
the wagoner's fire to warm, fell asleep, and stayed
on my bucket until morning! We reached Winchester
on the 6th, and went into camp, after being away a
little over a month, undergoing the most terrible experi-
ence during the war. Many men were frozen to death,
others frozen so badly they never recovered, and the
rheumatism contracted by many was never gotten rid
of. Many of the men were incapacitated for service,
large numbers were barefooted, having burned their
shoes while trying to warm their feet at the fires.

Do any of my readers recollect Randall Evans at
Winchester? He is the old colored man who could get
up such famous dinners. After a long time in camp,
or on a march with the usual army fare, to go to Ran-
dall Evans, and get a meal such as he could serve,
would make one forget all about bread and beef, both
without salt ! I never saw a soldier leave his place w^ho
was not perfectly satisfied with the army and every-
thing else, and it was brought about by being full of
food, as Randall did not keep anything to drink. What
Tom Griffin was to Richmond, so was Randall Evans
to Winchester. After the Romney campaign, we came
very near eating Randall out.

VII

WINCHESTER EVACUATED 1 862.

Gen. Jackson sent several regiments of his army to
Gen. Johnston at IManassas. We remained in our camp
on the Romney road until the 27th of February, when my
brigade marched through Winchester and camped on
the Berryville road, staying there until March 7th; at
which time we marched through Winchester, and
camped on the Staunton pike, where we stayed until the
nth. Then everything was packed, and we were
ready for a general move. These movements were occa-
sioned by the enemy having crossed the Potomac, and
it being reported that tliey would advance on Winches-
ter. We marched through Winchester again, this time
to the Martinsburg road, as we heard that the enemy
were advancing on this road, ant! were not far off.
They were commanded by Gen. Banks, afterwards
known as Jackson's commissary, who later supplied our
army so bountifully. Gen. Jackson made disposition to
meet them. A line of battle was formed across the
pike, a battery placed on Fort Hill and the 21st Va. Regt.
ordered to support it. We took our position along with
the battery and lay down awaiting the enemy. We
heard occasional guns in our front. When night came
the enemy had not made their appearance.

Gen. Jackson considered the enemy too strong for
him, and withdrew during the night, marching through
Winchester a short distance, and resting until morning.
Then we continued our march slowly up the vallev,

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 65

until we reached Mt. Jackson on the i8th. The second
brigade went into camp about one mile below Mt. Jack-
son, and the balance of the army marched to Rude's
Hill, about two miles above that village, where they
camped. We sent a picket down the valley pike and
on the 20th marched to Rude's Hill and joined the bal-
ance of our little army. The enemy had followed us
slowly, but at Mt. Jackson stopped, and retired down
the valley.

Gen. Jackson was a great man for saving everything
captured from the enemy. His way was to save every-
thing already on hand and never destroy if there was
a chance to save. It was a saying in the command
that he would carry off a wheelbarrow load, rather than
let it fall into the hands of the enemy. While we were
camped around Winchester, he was diligently at work
getting everything out of reach of the enemy, in case
he should be compelled to leave; even the locomotives
and cars, that were captured at Martinsburg, were sent
to the rear. Because the valley pike was such an ex-
cellent road, he could do this. He sent parties of men
along the pike, who cut down trees, and used the timber
in bracing the bridges to enable them to endure great
weight. When everything was ready, large teams of
horses and mules were hitched to the locomotives and
cars at Martinsburg, and they were hauled to Strasburg,
a distance of about fifty miles, where they were put on
the Alanassas Gap railroad for the use of the Confed-
eracy. In this way many locomotives and cars were
saved. During this movement, I saw at one time five
cars on their way to Strasburg.

VIII

KERNSTOVVN

Gen. Jackson's army was now at Riide's Hill. The
enemy had retired from our front to obtain, as we sup-
posed, a better camping place. On the evening of March
2 1st, we received orders to cook three days' rations,
and be ready to move at early dawn the next morning.
When the line was formed in the morning, and we
marched to the road, instead of turning up the valley
pike, as we supposed our course would be, we took a
quick march in the direction of the enemy, and soon
passed through Mt. Jackson.

The day was raw and blustering. We marched
twenty-seven miles, stopped near Fisher's Hill and
bivouacked for the night. Early the next morning we
marched, and kept it uj), until we reached Barton's Mill,
about noon, having marched about sixteen miles. Our
brigade stopped to rest until most of the troops came
up. We had heard cannon firing in our front and knew
our advance under Ashby had overtaken the enemy.
It was a surprise to the men that we had come so far
without encountering them. I>ut it was known to Gen.
Jackson that they had fallen back to the neighborhood
of Winchester, and were sending some of their number
away to join their army at Manassas. Our march was
to find out what they were doing. It was ascertained
that they had made a stand at Kernstown.

The 2 1st Va. Regiment was now orrlcrcd forward,
and after going down the pike a short distance, turned

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 6y

to the left, and inarched across an open field towards
the hills that were covered with woods. When we were
ahout half way across the field, we came in sight of the
Yankee line of battle near Kernstown, and a battery
posted on a hill a little in their rear. The battery
opened on us at once. We were ordered to double
quick, soon began to run, and reached the hills without
an accident. F Company were thrown forward as
skirmishers and advance, the regiment following in line
of battle a short distance, when the company was
ordered to join them, and we marched by the flank.
A gun or two of the Rockbridge battery now joined
us, we marched under a hill, and they to the right on
top of the ridge. These guns were occasionally in their
march exposed to the view of the enemy's battery, and
they fired at them, the shells passing over our regiment.
One of them struck one of the drivers of the guns, tear-
ing his leg to pieces, and going through the horse.
Both fell; the shell descended and passed through our
ranks and struck a stump not far off, spinning around
like a top, and before it stopped one of the company
ran and jumped on it, taking it up and carrying it along
as a trophy. This is the first man of the war I saw
struck by a shell; it was witnessed by the majority of
the regiment.

Gen. Jackson now made his appearance, and had a
talk with our commander, Lt.-Col. Patton. We were
thrown forward into line of battle again, and marched
a short distance to the top of a hill, and in full sight of
the enemy's line of battle. They were advancing, too,
at this point. I saw five flags; we opened fire at once,
and they scattered. In a few minutes I saw only two
flags, and soon after only one, which marched in a field

68 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

on our rii^ht to a pile of rocks on which it was planted;
the regiment gathered around it. Our regiment and
the guns of the Rockbridge battery have been fighting
this force. Our line was lengthened by the arrival of
the third brigade on our left. A part of our regiment
moved to a fence on the right, and facing the enemy in
the field, fired at them. Some of F Company were
kneeling down, firing from behind the fence, some were
standing straight up; soon all were standing, and tak-
ing deadly aim as they fired. As the excitement in-
creased, they mounted the fence, and many sat on it,
loading and firing until every cartridge was shot away.
A regiment was sent to the support of the Yankees, but
they never got any nearer than the ])arty around the
flag, and they soon became intermingled with them.
All our ammunition being gone, we gradually retired,
passing through the 5th Va. Regt. that had formed in
our rear. Our artillery had taken position and were
firing (tn the enemy, but when we retreated they were
comi)elled to do so. In going through a gap in a stone
wall, one of their guns became entangled and disabled
and was left. One of our company in going to the rear
was encountered by Gen. Jackson who inriuired where
he was going. lie answered, that he had shot all his
ammunition away, and did not know where to get more.
Old Stonewall rose in his stirruj^s, and gave the com-
mand, " Then go back and give thi-m the bayonet," and
rode oft" to the front.

The remainder of the little army had been heavily
engaged, and although confronted by large odds, held its
own, and only retired after shooting all its ammunition
away. It .seems to me that the 21st Wa. Regt. would
have held its line indefinitely, if it had been supplied with

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 69

ammunition. It was a regular stand-up fight with us,
and as stated the men along the fence left its protection
and fought as I never saw any fighting during the war.
After this, they were glad to take advantage of any-
thing.

We were whipped after desperate fighting, and I
think only for want of ammunition. Night found our
little army in retreat towards the valley pike, where the
stragglers were gathered up, and the men lay down on
the ground for a few hours' rest. The next morning
we took up a slow and sullen march up the valley, the
enemy following. Arriving at Middletown, I learned
that Tucker Randolph, one of my messmates, was in
one of the houses. He had been sent to the rear the
evening before, wounded. I soon found him, and see-
ing the condition of my dear old comrade, I made up my
mind to stay and nurse him if I could obtain my cap-
tain's permission. Dear old fellow! how he thanked
me when I said it. I had long ago made up my mind
never to be taken prisoner, but could not leave my mess-
mate. All our wagons and ambulances had long passed,
our lieutenant had promised to send an ambulance back,
the surgeon had also promised. I finally became so
uneasy, that I went to all the town folks to see if I
could get a vehicle of some kind to take him away, but
could get nothing. All the infantry had now gone,
even the stragglers had left tlie village. The cannon
of the horse artillery, our rear guard, were near, having
ceased its firing, and I could hear the exchange of car-
bine shots. I w^ent to the door, and looked up the
street for my long looked-for ambulance, but nothing
was in sight. I looked down the street, and saw the
horse artillery entering the village. I now made up

yo OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

my mind to ask the officer in coniniand to take my
friend on one of the caissons, and went into the street
to meet him. when, takins^ another look up the street,
I saw an amhulance coming on a run. We put my
comrade into it in a hurry, pitched in Iiis knapsack,
etc., and off we went. We passed out of the village in
time to get away, but the Yanks gave us a parting shot
from a cannon as we left, the shot passing over without
damage. The horses to the ambulance received some
heavy whacks from the whip of the driver, and we were
out of all danger.

I went along with my comrade, and before night
had collected about half a dozen of the wounded of my
company. I took care of them until we arrived at
Staunton, and put them on the cars en route to their
homes. I then returned to my company.

This was the first regular battle of the regiment, and
it was said we displayed great gallantry. I^^ Company
had six wounded, Tucker Randolph. Xed Taylor,
Charles Taylor, Henry Pccor, Charles Skinker, and Joe
Xunnally.
^^ This attack of Gen. Jackson on the encmv was a verv
' daring one, and was the means of helping our army at
Manassas, as the troops the enemy were sending away
were recalled. The enemy were far superior to us in
numbers, and although Jackson was whipped, Congress
thought it did the cause so much good that it at once
passed a resolution of thanks to Jackson and his army.

THE RETREAT FROM KERNSTOWN

On the 24th of March our brigade moved to the
vicinity of Strasbiirg, where we halted about midday
and camped. The enemy were in hot pursuit, we could
hear firing in the rear all day, and from some high
points could see the enemy during the march. We
had built fires in our camp, drawn rations, and were
busy cooking, when a shell came screaming over our
heads, followed by another. In a few minutes the
woods were full of shells from the enemy, who had
driven our rear guard far enough to command our
woods from one of the neighboring hills. We loaded
our cooking utensils and baggage on the wagons, and
they went off in a run; we soon followed in a slow
march, and continued it until we reached the neighbor-
hood of Woodstock, where we quietly went into camp
out of hearing of the enemy. The next day we went
into camp near Mt. Jackson. On the 26th, the second
brigade was sent back to near Woodstock to meet the
enemy, with whom we skirmished till the 28th, when
we marched to Mt. Jackson; and on the 3d of April re-
turned to near Edinburg to meet the enemy again.
We were to cooperate with Col. Ashby in any move-
ment he made. F Company was ordered forward as
skirmishers through a wood, halting on its edge. A
large open field was in our front, and Edinburg in full
view, and the Yankee skirmish line on the opposite side
of the creek. We engaged them at once. Col. Ashby

72 ONE OF JACKSOX'S FOOT CAVALRY

came along, "iding his white horse; he had the dwarf
courier with him, and told us not to fire unless the
enemy attempted to cross the creek, and if they should
make the attempt, to give it to them. He rode out in
our front to a small hillock to see what was going on,
the little courier accompanying him. The enemy im-
mediately shot at them ; as they reached the hillock, the
courier's horse fell dead. We could hear Colonel Ashby
tell him to take off his saddle, bridle and accouterments,
and carry them to the rear, which he did as quickly as
possible. Colonel A. sat his horse as quietly as if he
had been in camp, until the courier reached the woods,
when he quietly turned his horse and walked him off
towards us, passing through our line going to the rear.
Soon afterwards he gave orders for our brigade to go
back to camp, as he would have nothing for us to do
that day.

On the 5th we marched to Rude's Hill, and went into
camp. The next morning I was ordered to report, with
arms, to the brigade quartermaster. On arriving at his
quarters I saw two large wagons, four mules hitched to
each, and learned that a detail of six men had been made
to accompany the wagons on a trip to get corn. As soon
as all the iiu-n reported, a quartermaster sergeant who
went with us, ordered us to get into the wagons, three
in each. The wagons started at once, went to the val-
ley pike and turned down the pike. Reaching Rude's
Hill we i)asscd some artillerymen who had a cannon
trained on the bridge over the Shenandoah. At the foot
of the hill we passed the cavalry outpost of about thirty
or forty men, who were dismounted and waiting events,
their horses strung along and fastened to the fence each
side of the road. When thev learned our destination,

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 73

all of them bade us good-by, saying they wi^uld never see
us again, as the Yankees would certainly capture us.
Going about a half a mile farther we passed the cavalry
vidette on the outpost. He said good-by too, and
pointed out to us the Yankee vidette in his front, a little
above the bridge and on the other side of the river. We
went about a fourth of a mile farther, pulled down two
panels of fence on the left of the road, entered a large
corn field, and loaded those wagons more quickly than
any were ever loaded before. When we had them about
half full a Yankee cavalryman rode to his vidette in
plain view of us, had a short talk, then rode off at full
speed. That made us pull corn faster. The wagons
were driven back to the road and headed for camp. A
countryman who was with us said that was " the slickest
job he ever saw." When we reached our vidette, he
gave us a hearty welcome, and the outpost cavalry gave
us a big cheer.

On the 7th w^e marched below Mt. Jackson and
camped in our old place. On the loth all of Jackson's
force marched up the valley, and stopped near New
Market. On the 13th our brigade marched to the gap
of Massanuttin Mountain that leads into Luray Valley,
it having been rumored that the enemy were making a
demonstration from that direction. On the 17th all
the force marched up the valley to Big Spring, staying
there all night, and the next morning marched up the
valley, leaving the valley pike near Harrisonburg towards
Swift Run Gap, and crossed the Shenandoah river, go-
ing into camp next day. We were safe from pursuit
now, w^ith our backs to the Blue Ridge, and at this point
our little force could keep off easily thrice as many as
have been in pursuit of us.

74 ONE OF JACKSOX'S FOOT CAVALRY

This was the boldest retreat I ever saw. Gen. Jack-
son was defeated at Kernstown on the 25th of March,
by an overwhehning force, and the next day retired up
the valley more slowly than I ever saw him march ; and
when we went into camp at night we tarried as long as
possible. If the enemy did not hunt for us. Gen. Jack-
son would hunt for them. The regiments had orders to
drill just as if no enemy was within a hundred miles of us.
It can be seen that our movements were slow since it
took us from March 24th to April i8th to march about
one hundred miles, although we marched about half that
distance in two days when we advanced to Kernstown.

We rested at this camp and made ourselves as com-
fortable as we could in shelter of brush, oilcloths, etc.
The day we reached here Gen. Jackson ordered all the
wagons containing tents and extra baggage to the rear,
and so far that we never saw them again ! This was a
hard blow to us, since we had gotten in the habit of
smuggling many articles into our tents to avoid carrying
them, and when our tents left, they had dress coats, un-
derclothing, etc., in them. '* Old Jack " flanked us that
time.

We had a snow storm while we were in this camp, but
as it did not turn cold, we got along very well. We first
felt in this place the strict hand of Jackson. Our regi-
ment and several others during the snow storm burned
some of the rail fencing. Gen. Jackson seeing it, gave
orders for each regiment to maul rails and put the fence
up again, and if we repeated the burning, he would
punish every man.

While we were in this camp the reorganization of the
army took place. This was a great misfortune to us, as
many good oflicers were thrown out, and men who were

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 7=^

popular were elected in their stead; in many instances
men utterly unfit to fill the places to which they were
elected.

F Company elected William H. Morgan, Captain; he
was adjutant of the regiment. W. Granville Gray, First
Lieutenant; G. W. Peterkin, Second Lieutenant, and E.
G. Rawlings, Jr., Second Lieutenant. The regiment
elected John M. Patton, Colonel; Richard H. Cunning-
ham, Jr., Lieutenant Colonel, and John B. Moseley,
Major.

In one of the regiments of our army two men carried
each a game cock. On a march, they perched on the
shoulders of their owners, and seemed as well contented
as if on their roost, and their crowing and the flapping
of their wings always called forth a lusty cheer from the
men. They, like everything else in the Confederate
army, had their use. On a march passing a farmyard,
one of those men would run out of ranks when he saw a
lot of fowls, and his game cock would fly to the rooster
at their head, and a battle would take place at once. The
owner of the game cock would pick up both roosters,
and quickly join his command. That night he would
have stewed rooster for supper.

I must not forget to tell about our umbrella man. In
one of the companies of our regiment there was a ser-
geant, who was an old country gentleman. When he
left home he carried an umbrella. This he kept until he
left us at this camp. During a march on a hot day
one would see the old sergeant marching along at the head
of his company with his umbrella hoisted ; the boys would
call to him, " Come out of that umbrella." He took it
kindly, and would generally reply that he knew they
wanted it. During a rain when he hoisted it, he always

76 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

had numerous applications for a part of it. When it
was not in use he carried it strapped to his knapsack.

We stayed in this camp until the 23d, when we moved
into the cove, a large opening within the outer mountain,
and camped. We marched from this camp on the 30th,
towards Harrisonhurg, across the Shenandoah a mile or
two, returned and took a road on the right, and marched
up the river to Port Republic, reaching it on ]\Iay 2d,
after one of the most severe marches we had undergone.
The road on which we marched was an ordinary country
road, and it had been raining and snowing so much that
it had become very soft, and when the artillery and
wagons came along they sank up to their axles, and there
was no way to get them out, unless the men put their
shoulders to the wheels. This Gen. Jackson had fore-
seen, as details of men were sent along with the wagons.
As an evidence of Gen. Jackson's anxiety and solicitude,
I saw him personally getting rocks, and putting them in
the holes of this road.

We were now retreating and advancing at the same
time, a condition an army never undertook before. We
were retreating from Banks. In my next I will show
how we were advancing. The Great Valley Campaign
is opening.

1862

He carried a knapsack, containing woolen shirt, undershirt, drawers,
socks, soap, towel, toothbrush, and needle-case; oilcloth, blanket, extra
shoes; haversack, tin cup, canteen and a tin can for cooking.

Opposite page 76.

: J

MC DO WELL

On May 3d we left Port Republic. This is the com-
mencement of that great Valley campaign, the most
brilliant of modern times, and I do not know that it was
ever surpassed. We marched across the Blue Ridge to
the Central Railroad near Meechum's Depot, and there
we took the cars and went to Staunton, arriving on the
4th. On the 5th we were joined by the loth Va. Reg.
Inf., which was assigned to the third brigade, and by the
cadets from the Va. Military Institute. On the 6th we
left Staunton, marching towards Buffalo Gap, and about
iiidday joined Gen. Edward Johnson's force, that had
i^llen back about six miles from Staunton. He had
been in great danger before we arrived; a force in his
front pressing him, and that of Banks threatening to
march to his rear. With Jackson's coming all was
changed. Near Buffalo Gap we went into camp for the
night. The next morning the advance was continued,
with Johnson's force in front. We encountered some
of the enemy near Ryan's, and captured some stores,
tents, etc., and a sutler's outfit. There was lying just
outside of the sutler's store door about a bucketful of
'' sutler's " coin, used by him in his traffic with the sol-
diers, having his name, regiment, etc., and the value of
the coin on it. The head of the column skirmished some
with the enemy. We crossed the Shenandoah Mountain,
and passed through the fortifications used by Gen. John-
son while he was there. In descending this mountain,

78 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

we could see a long line of the enemy in position on the
opposite mountain. They, however, withdrew without
firing, and we halted for the night. On the 8th we
marched in ahout the same order — Gen. Jackson's com-
mand in front, the second hrigade next, then the third
brigade, the Stonewall brigade in the rear, the cadets
marching, I think, in front of the Stonewall brigade.
The second brigade was ascending the Bull Pasture
Mountain in the afternoon, marching a few yards and
halting, then a few yards and another halt, a march that
fatigued men more than one in which they take an even
step and march for a length of time. We had been
marching in this way for such a long time, that evening
was approaching, and it was rumored that we could not
cross the mountain that night; that we would return to
the valley, or bottom, and camp for the night, that the
remainder of Jackson's division would join us there.
The men had begun to think that there was some truth
in the report. Soon the idea was discarded, and the 21st
Va. Regt. was hurried up, and on reaching the top of
the mountain we could hear firing, and, going a little
farther, we could hear that it was heavy. We were
hurried along the road until we reached the 31st Va.
Regt. of Johnson's command, who were ordered to join
Gen. Johnson, who was heavily engaged on our left,
and we were formed in line of battle across the pike.
Gen. Jackson now arrived and gave orders in person to
Lt. Col. Cunningham, who was in command of the regi-
ment. He told him to protect his men as much as pos-
sible and to hold the position at all hazards, and ended
by saying, in that .sharp way of his, " Tell your men they
nuist hold the road." 'I'his was the only road by which
Jackson could get his forces out if he should meet with

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 79

disaster, and the road be taken, the enemy would be di-
rectly in his rear. This was therefore the key to Jack-
son's position, and if it were lost, all was lost. The men
of the regiment now took their position behind trees and
big rocks, the bottom in which we are being filled with
them. As the men took their places it was with the
determination that no enemy should drive them away.
We were not called on for a test of our courage, a few
skirmishers only appearing in our front, the enemy at-
tacking us from our left, and next to the village of Mc-
Dowell. It is said that Gen. Jackson had no idea of
fighting this battle on the 8th ; he and Gen. Johnson had
ridden to the front and examined the situation of the
enemy, and they decided to wait until morning to make
an attack; as Jackson had obtained information that the
enemy could be attacked in their rear, and he intended
to send a force to that point as soon as it became dark.
Some of his staff had actually gone to our rear, to direct
those troops where to camp.

Milroy, who was in command of the enemy, received
some reinforcements about noon, and thought best to
make an attack at once on Gen. Johnson, not knowing
of Jackson's presence. This was the cause of the bat-
tle.

The enemy made a gallant and spirited attack, but
were promptly met, and, after some hard fighting, were
driven back with loss. We lost a number of men and
some valuable officers. Gen. Johnson was shot through
the foot in the thickest of the fight. We had no artillery
on our side, as we could get no position on the mountain
side, and not more than two-thirds of Jackson's force
was up in time to take part in the battle. The enemy
used artillery from the other side of McDowell. When

8o ONE OF JACKSOX'S FOOT CAVALRY

we passed through the town the next day, we could see
the holes they made in the ground, in order to so elevate
their guns as to shoot at us on the mountain side.

During the night the enemy retreated, burning some
of their stores; some, however, falling into our hands.
They threw a large quantity of ammunition into the
creek from a bridge on the road.

W'e followed in hot pursuit as far as Franklin, Pendle-
ton Co., overtaking them on the afternoon of the nth.
There the enemy took position in a narrow valley that
ran between the mountain hills; these hills were covered
with woods, and they had fired the woods on both sides
of the valley in their front, and as soon as we came in
sight, their artillery commenced firing at us. We could
not locate the guns because of the smoke. Gen. Jack-
son sent a small force to the enemy's rear to obstruct the
road at the mountain gaps : the small force was driven
off before it accomplished the work. We remained in
front of the enemy, trying to find their position by
skirmishers, but the fire and smoke from the burning
woods preveiUed.

Gen. Jackson, having other and more important jilans,
abandoned the place about lo o'clock on the morning of
the 13th. and retraced his march, going back through
McDowell, marching about eleven miles, taking a road
on the left leading U) Harrisonburg. We stopped on the
15th, at Lebanon S|)rings, and remained thcre^on the
1 6th to observe the national day of humiliation and
prayer, ordered by the President of the Confederacy.
On the 17th we resumed our march and stopped near
Mossy Creek on Sunday, the i8th, where most of the
command had religious worship. At early dawn on the
19th we resumed the march, and reaching Bridgewater

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 8i

crossed the Shenandoah river on a bridge made of
wagons, that were placed in a row across the river, and
planks laid from one wagon to the other, thus making a
very good footbridge. On the 20th we passed through
Harrisonburg, and were joined by Brig. Gen. Taylor's bri-
gade of Louisianians, of Ewell's division. This brigade
made an unusually good appearance, as the men were
more regularly uniformed than any we had seen.

When Gen. Jackson moved from Swift Run Gap,
Gen. Ewell with his division and two regiments of cav-
alry occupied a position in Culpepper Co., on the Rappa-
hannock river. He moved his command to Swift Run
Gap, and occupied the position just vacated by Jackson.
This was to prevent Banks from making an attack on
Jackson's rear, while he was advancing on Milroy.
After Jackson had disposed of Milroy, he turned to the
Valley, and the junction with Taylor shows that he had
reached that great country ; and we went into camp on the
Valley pike.

TlIK VAI.LKV CAMPAIGN FRONT ROYAL. MIDDLETOWN,

WINCH KSTKR, CROSS KEYS, PORT REPUBLIC

On May 21st Jackson marched down the Valley pike.
When we reached New Market we took the road lead-
ing to the Luray valley, and formed a junction on the
22(1, near Luray. with the balance of Gen. Ewell's com-
mand, which had marched down the Luray valley from
Swift Run Gap. Jackson now had the largest army he
had ever had. He had brought Gen. Edward Johnson's
force of six regiments and some artillery with him from
the Shenandoah mountain, and had Ewell's command,
and his old command.

On the 23d Jackson's army left its bivouac near Lu-
ray, taking the road to Front Royal, the head of the col-
umn arriving about three or four o'clock in the afternoon.
Gen. Jackson, as usual, made an immediate attack on
the enemy, with the few men who were up. I lis eager-
ness all through this cam])aign was surprising, and his
escape hom death was almost a miracle. The enemy
were found drawn up in line of battle in a strong posi-
tion on the opposite side of the Shenandoah river. He
had a line of skirmishers formed under his eye, and gave
them the command to forward, and pushed them and
some advance cavalry from the start. The Yanks find-
ing things getting so hot, set fire to the two bridges, and
were immediately charged by our cavalry and skirmish-
ers, who saved the bridges in a damaged condition,

crossed and were right in the midst of the enemy, Jack-

8-'

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 83

son along with them. The enemy made a bold stand and
fought well, but they could not withstand Jackson's mode
of warfare, and retreated to a farm orchard and buildings.
Here they made a gallant stand ; but our two regiments
of cavalr}^ from Ewell's command came up, were formed
under Jackson's eye, and charged the protected enemy.
The cavalry swept everything before them, and soon the
entire force was killed and captured. In the charge at
the bridge, the gallant Captain Sheets, Ashby's right hand,
was killed. A large amount of stores and several hun-
dred beef-cattle were captured. The second brigade did
not come up until night, having marched twenty-seven
miles.

On the next morning, as our brigade passed the prison-
ers that had been captured the evening before, one of
them hallooed to us, " How are you, Tom? " Tom re-
plied, " What are you doing in such bad company. Bob? "
Tom, however, left ranks, and went inside the prison lines
and had a hearty shake of the hand and a few minutes'
conversation. Coming back he said it was his brother;
literally is brother against brother. We kept up our
march in the direction of Winchester until we reached
Cedarville. Jackson's division with Taylor's brigade
taking the road on the left, and the remainder of the
army under Ewell's command keeping the direct road to
Winchester.

Company B of Mar3'land, of our regiment, who were
mustered into service for one year, having served out
their term of enlistment, left us at this point; and the
2 1st Va. Regt. had only nine companies after that date.

The force of Jackson's command that left the road
at Cedarville marched to Middletown on the valley pike.
When we came in sight of the pike, it was filled as far

84 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

as we could see from one end to the other, with Yankees
on their way to Winchester, and we had surprised them
on the march. We attacked at once, and cut their march-
ing C(^himn in two; one part keeping on towards Win-
chester, the other turning hack towards Strasburg. This
part of their command the second brigade, was ordered
to pursue, and we followed them until they had crossed
the bridge over Cedar Creek. Then we were recalled and
joined in the general pursuit. In marching through Mid-
dletown, we found long lines of knapsacks behind the
stone walls on the pike, as if whole regiments and bri-
gades had unslung them in order to make a stand, and
as soon as we attacked them, left in such a hurry as to
leave them.

Near Newtown we came to a long wagon train of the
enemy's, standing on the side of the road. Some of the
wagons had been fired by them. As we passed, one thing
struck the writer about the contents of those wagons as
singular. In every one that had articles in sight, I could
see portions of women's clothing; in one wagon a bon-
net, in another a shawl, a dress in the next, and in some
all of a woman's outfit. I never saw the Yankee soldiers
wearing this kind of uniform, and why they carried it
was beyond my knowledge. Some of our men suggested
that it had been confiscated from citizens of the valley.
Marching a little farther we halted, the enemy having
some artillery on the opposite hill shelling our n^ad. Our
advance ran out some guns, and these, with our advanced
skirmishers, soon had them retreating again. It was now
dark, and we soon came to another long train of cap-
tured wagons and a pontoon-bridge train ; the men looked
at these with much interest, as they were the first we had
seen. Marching a little farther we saw a string of fire

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 85

along a stone wall, and the crack of muskets tells it was
from the Yankee rear guard. They stopped at nearly
every cross wall and gave us a volley. Gen. Jackson,
who was always in front in an advance, came near being
shot from one of these walls.

We captured over one hundred wagons during the
night, keeping up the pursuit without intermission until
about dawn, when we halted and were allowed to rest
an hour or two in our places along the road. Soon after
daybreak on the 25th, we were on the move again, and
when we reached the mill about two miles from Winches-
ter, we saw that the enemy had made a stand on the hill
behind it. We were met by one of our men, wounded,
who was hatless, and had been shot in the head, the blood
streaming down his face so freely that the poor fellow
could hardly see. The second brigade took the left road
here, and marching a short distance, filed to the right,
and formed line of battle under the foothills on the left
of the Stonewall brigade, the 21st Va. Regt. supporting
the Rockbridge battery.

We could see E well's command on the Front Royal
road far away to our right, engaged, we locating his
line by the smoke from his artillery and musketry; and
could plainly see the Yankee shells bursting over his lines,
and see his shells bursting over the Yankees' !

The enemy in our front were behind a stone wall that
ran entirely across the open field, and a little way behind
them were two batteries of artillery. A piece of the
Rockbridge battery was run out on a knoll on our left,
where they were met by grape and minie balls. Every
man at the piece was killed or wounded. Nothing
daunted, the battery ran forward another piece, but were
more careful not to expose it, as in the case of the other

86 ONE OF JACKSOX'S FOOT CAVALRY

gun. The men were soon picked off by the infantry be-
hind the wall, and they were forced to abandon both
pieces. The pieces were safe, however, as they were in
our line, and if the enemy wanted them they must fight
for them. About this time Gen. Jackson made his ap-
pearance, and rode to one of the hillocks in our front.
Col. Campbell, commanding our brigade, accompanied
him on horseback; Col. Patton of the 21st Va. Regt. and
Col. Grigsby of the Stonewall brigade on foot. They
were met by a hail of grape and musket balls. Camp-
bell was wounded, Grigsby had a hole shot through his
sleeve, and said some ugly w'ords to the Yankees for do-
ing it. Gen. Jackson sat there, the enemy continuing
to fire grape and musketry at him. It is right here that
he issued his celebrated order to the commander of the
Stonewall brigade : " I expect the enemy to occupy the
hill in your front with artillery ; keep your brigade well
in hand and a vigilant watch, and if such an attempt is
made, — it must not be done, sir! clamp them on the
spot." After satisfying himself as to the location of
the enemy, he quietly turned his horse and rode back in
a walk. Arriving at the road in our rear he called for
Taylor's brigade, led them in person to their position,
and gave Gen. Taylor his orders. Taylor says he replied,
and added, " Yim had better go to the rear; if you go
along the front in this way, some damned Yankee will
shoot you!" He says that Gen. Jackson rode back to
him at once, and said, " General, I am afraid you are a
wicked fellmv. but I know you will do your duty." Tay-
l(jr f(jrmed his brigade in the road about two or three
hundred yards to our left. We were on his flank, and
could see nearly the whole of his advance. His march
was in an oi)en field, iIrmi nj) the steep foothill or high

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 87

bank, then on a gentle rise to the top. Near the top
stood the same stone wall that was in our front; the en-
emy's line of battle extending beyond Taylor's left. As
soon as Gen. Jackson saw that Taylor had commenced
the advance, he rode back to the hillock in our front to
watch the efifect of Taylor's attack. The enemy poured
grape and musketry into Taylor's line as soon as it came
in sight. Gen. Taylor rode in front of his brigade,
drawn sword in hand, occasionally turning his horse,
at other times merely turning in his saddle to see that his
line was up. They marched up the hill in perfect order,
not firing a shot! About half way to the Yankees he
gave in a loud and commanding voice, that I am sure
the Yankees heard, the order to charge ! and to and over
the stone wall they went! At the same time Gen. Jack-
son gave the command in that sharp and crisp way of
his, ''After the enemy, men!" Our whole line moved
forward on a run, the enemy broke and ran in all direc-
tions. The Rockbridge artillerymen rushed to their two
abandoned pieces, and gave them a parting salute. This
charge of Taylor's was the grandest I saw during the
war. There was all the pomp and circumstance of war
about it, that was always lacking in our charges ; but not
more effective than ours which were inspired by the
old rebel yell, in which most of the men raced to be fore-
most.

Near Winchester the advance artillery, which had been
firing from every elevation over the heads of our infan-
try at the fleeing enemy, halted. A scene was witnessed
that had no parallel in history that I know of. The men
of several batteries unhitched the lead horses from can-
nons and caissons, threw the traces over the horses'
backs, mounted and charged the enemy through the town,

88 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

capturing and bringing back many prisoners! As we
passed through Winchester the citizens were so glad
to see us that men, women, and children ran into the
streets to welcome us, wringing our hands with both of
theirs, some even embracing the men, all crying for joy!
The bullets from the enemy were flying through the
streets, but this made no difference to these people. It
seemed that joy had overcome fear. Such a scene I
never witnessed.

The second brigade followed the enemy about five
miles below Winchester, where they were ordered to
halt, and go into camp, other troops following the flee-
ing enemy. Some of our men followed the enemy into
Maryland, and were only stopped by Jackson, when he
received notice of the effort of other forces of the enemy
to get into his rear.

The enemy, on this occasion, was commanded by Gen.
Banks, from whom Gen. Jackson captured vast stores:
several hundred beef cattle, several hundred wagons with
their teams, eleven thousand new muskets in boxes that
had never been opened, a large amount of ammunition,
and over three thousand prisoners. Jackson lost a very
small number of men, but he had led us for three weeks
as hard as men could march. In an order issued to his
troops the next day, he thanked us for our conduct, and
referred us to the result of the campaign as justification
for our marching so hard. Every man was satisfied with
his a|)(jlogy; to accomplish so much with so little loss, we
would march six months! The reception at Winchester
was worth a wlmlc lifetime of service.

On the 2Sth the 2ist Va. Rcgt. was ordered to Win-
chester to take charge of the i)risoners; a job little rel-
ished by the men, since we had only about two hundred

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 89

and fifty men to guard about three thousand prisoners!

The enemy had a large force in the valley of the South
Fork of the Potomac under Fremont, and another on
the Rappahanock river under McDowell. As soon as it
was known that Jackson had routed Banks, the authori-
ties in Washington gave these two commanders orders
to march at once to Strasburg in the valley, which was
twenty to thirty miles in Jackson's rear. There they
were to form a junction, the united force of between
thirty and thirty-five thousand to fall on Jackson, whip
him, and capture his army. McDowell ordered Shields
with his division to the valley. He moved promptly
and rapidly, and actually burst into the Luray valley at
Front Royal, before Jackson was advised of his move-
ment! Learning that Fremont was moving on a road
that led to Strasburg, Jackson divined their purpose,
recalled his advance, and ordered the other troops to con-
centrate at Strasburg. The Stonewall brigade w^as the
advance of Jackson's army at that time; they were in
the neighborhood of Harper's Ferry, the Second Va.
Reg. had crossed the Shenandoah, and gone to Loudoun
Heights. They received the order on the 31st to march
above Winchester before they stopped. The brigade
marched over thirty-five miles, and the Second Regiment
over forty to accomplish it.

On the 31st Jackson sent all his captured stores and
his wagon train up the Valley pike, and our regiment
with the prisoners followed in the afternoon. We
marched to Cedar Creek, and stopped for the night; our
guard line was around a large barn, in order to allow the
prisoners to have the benefit of its shelter, as it was rain-
ing. Some amusing scenes were witnessed the next
morning. The barn had a large quantity of hay in it;

90 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

we went to the door and ordered all out ; we then called
for those that were concealed to come out, or they would
be punisiied when luund. None came; so some of our
men were ordered to go in, and see if they could find
any. Two or three were pulled out of the hay, amidst
shouts from their comrades, as well as our men. Then
we fixed bayonets and told them we were going to
thrust the bayonets into the hay in the entire building.
One or two came out ; and presently the bayonets began
to be used. A few strokes, and a man is struck, but
fortunately for him not hard enough to hurt him; he and
several others then came out.

We formed our line and commenced the march. At
Strasburg we could see Ewell's division in line of battle
on the right of the road, awaiting the advance of Fre-
mont, whose skirmishers had made their appearance and
were then engaged with Ewell's.

Our prisoners became very much excited by this, and
declared loudly that Jackson had met his match now,
and would be badly whipped ; and it would be only a few
hours before they would be retaken. After all the wag-
ons and prisoners had ])assed, Jackson waited for
the Stonewall brigade to arrive, and as soon as it had
passed, Ewell was withdrawn and followed the column
nj) the valley. Fremont made a big show at one time
in Ewell's front, but hearing nothing from Shields, who
for some reason had not made his apijcarance, he with-
drew his men back into the mountain fastness, his skir-
mishers following I:', well a short distance.

The plan to bag Jackson at Strasburg had failed:
" Old Jack " was too quick for them ; besides, he had some
plans of his own.

The next day, June 2i\, Fremont followed us in hot

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 91

pursuit, and so closely that our guard and the prisoners,
from the tops of some of the hills in our march, could
plainly see his advance.

Reaching the Shenandoah at Mt. Jackson, Jackson
gave Col. Ashby orders to burn the bridge across that
stream, after all our army had passed. Col. Ashby left
this to one of his officers and his men to do, but they
were driven off by the enemy before it was accomplished.
Ashby learning this, took a few men with him, went back,
drove off the Yanks, fired the bridge, and then retired;
but as he rode off his famous white horse was shot!
This beautiful and great horse, that was known by the
enemy as well as it was known in our own army, was
thought by the Yanks to be enchanted. I have heard
their prisoners repeatedly say that they have often taken
deadly aim, sometimes resting their guns on a fence or
wall, at that horse and its rider, and the ball had no ef-
fect on either! He was a grand horse, and after being
shot, carried Col. Ashby about a mile from the bridge
before he fell dead. This was the first intimation he
had of his horse being wounded.

Shields marched up the Luray valley with the intention
of getting into Jackson's rear at New Market, but " Old
Jack " defeated that by burning the White House bridge
over the Shenandoah. Shields continued his march up
that valley, expecting to force a fight with Jackson as
soon as he and Fremont should unite, somewhere in the
neighborhood of Port Republic. Again Jackson frus-
trated their plans by turning on Fremont at Cross Keys
on June 7th, and easily whipped him. In the combat
of the 6th we lost the great Ashby! He was killed
while leading some infantry, who had been sent to the
front to aid him. At this time he was the most gallant

92 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

and conspicuous cavalry officer we had. Gen. Jackson
thought a great deal of him, and said that he was a
born soldier, and also seemed to have the faculty of
knowing zchat the enemy were doing, and when they
were doing it. The army and the Confederacy could ill
afford to lose him, and I think his loss was never re-
paired. In this short time his name was known all over
the Confederacy, and amongst the enemy just as well.
He was a tower of strength to us, as he was more feared
by the enemy than any man on our side at that time.
His remains were carried to the University of Virginia,
and buried there.

After defeating Fremont on the 7th, Jackson sent
some of his troops to Port Rei)ublic on that night, only
leaving in Fremont's front Trimble's brigade and the
Secoxid brigade, both small, under command of Brig.
Gen. Trimble. His orders from Jackson were to hold
his position as long as he could, and at the same time
to make as big a show as possible; if he were forced back,
he should fight at every fence, wall, ditch, etc., and keep
the enemy back as long as possible. If he could do this,
until ten o'clock in the morning, Jackson would be back
to reinforce him. H he were forced back to the bridge,
he should burn it.

At the break of day on the 8th, Jackson commenced
his movement against Shields. He crossed the bridge
over Middle river with his troops, marched thr(^ugh the
town to the South river, over which he made a bridge of
wagons, like the one on whicli we crossed at Bridgewater,
a few weeks before. About the middle of the stream,
where the i)lanks running from one wagon to the next
should have overlapped, only one of the planks did so,
the others lacking a few inches of meeting. When the

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 93

men in the front reached this place in crossing, those
planks tilted, and the men were thrown into the river.
Those who followed seeing this, refused to cross on those
planks, and waited for each other as they crossed on the
one. This caused a great delay in the crossing. When
Jackson found his troops did not come up as quickly as
they usually did, and learned the cause, he ordered the
men to ford the river. This was a serious delay for
Jackson, as time was most important to him, and there
is little doubt this little incident ruined Jackson's plans,
and saved Fremont from utter rout. After getting his
troops over this stream, he hastened them into position,
and launched them against Shields; and after a severe
battle Shields was utterly routed, Jackson taking many
of his guns and many prisoners. But time that waits
for no man had been lost !

Fremont, hearing the heavy firing in the direction of
Shields, knew that he and Jackson were engaged, and
thought that Jackson's force was divided. He made a
demonstration in his front, then made an attack on Trim-
ble, but could not drive him a foot. He now brought up
more troops, lengthened his lines on both sides, and in
this way forced him back. They fought all the way to
the bridge, and it was late in the morning before they
were driven to the bridge ; after crossing that they burned
it.

Jackson, recalling his troops from the pursuit of
Shields, was hurrying across the battlefield to Trimble,
whom he had not heard from, when his army was fiercely
assailed by Fremont's artillery. He was on the other
side of the river, and had placed his artillery on the high
banks that overlooked the battlefield of Shields. Jack-
son withdrew his men behind the hills for protection and

94 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

there heard of Trimble's inability to keep the enemy back
for a longer time. Without the accident at the bridge
of wagons, there is not the least doubt of Jackson being
able to carry out his plan to the very letter, and Fremont
would have been wiped off the face of the earth. As
it teas, the campaign ended in a blaze of glory that was
sounded from one end of the world to the other!

Jackson's loss with Shields was heavy, and amounted
to as much as he had previously lost in the campaign.
The loss of Shields was also heavy, and Fremont's loss
was largely in excess of Jackson's.

Jackson stayed behind the hills, in the neighborhood
of Brown's Gap, until the 12th, when he marched up the
Shenandoah to the neighborhood of Weyer's Cave, and
camped in a beautiful country. In the meantime, Fre-
mont had become frightened, and retreated towards
Winchester. This ended the great Valley Campaign.

One of the Yankee prisoners marched at my side daily,
talking about what he was going to do with me when
they were retaken, and how he would take care of my
gun. While we were uneasy all the time, for fear they
might make a break for liberty, we never had a thought
of their being rescued except on one occasion. On the
5th, after marching a short distance past Port Republic,
we halted, and were told that we would camp there for
the night. While our lieutenant colonel was looking over
the ground, an order came from Gen. Jackson for us to
move on, and a few cavalry were ordered to report to
Col. Cunninghaiu. This did not excite suspicion amongst
the guard, but al)out nine o'clock one of our officers came
to mc and whisi)ere(l in my ear that the enemy were in
port Republic, and f must keep the strictest watch, and
under no circumstances let a prisoner escaj)e. I did not

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 95

know what to think. The enemy in Port Republic meant
that they were between us and Jackson, and the prison-
ers' expectation of release might be realized. We
marched until about midnight, and went into camp near
New^ Hope for a few hours' rest. The next morning
we were up early, and marched to Waynesboro.

The report of the enemy being in Port Republic on the
5th was untrue, but the advance of Shields did enter the
village soon on the morning of the 6th, and came near
capturing Gen. Jackson. There are several versions of
his escape, but all agree that it was by the merest chance.
Most of his staff, that were w^ith him at the time, were
captured. This body of the enemy, it is said, learned
the direction the prisoners had been sent, and part of
them made an attempt to follow us, but were driven
back by some of our artillery, supported by a small body
of infantry.

We remained in Waynesboro, and heard the cannon-
ading at Cross Keys and Port Republic. The prisoners
were very excited, it would have taken very little to stam-
pede them : every man was on duty, and it was a great
strain on our men; and when more prisoners were
brought us, with the information that Jackson had de-
feated Fremont, the relief was almost overpowering.
Amongst a small squad of prisoners, brought us here by
some cavalry, was an Englishman, captured on the 6th,
calling himself Sir Percy Wyndham. He was a colonel
in the Yankee army, and, it is said, requested to be sent
to the valley, as he would capture the rebel Ashby the
first time he got within striking distance of him. Ashby
with some of his cavalry met Sir Percy near Harrison-
burg and almost the first man taken by Ashby was this
same Sir Percy. Fie was made to march on foot with

96 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

other prisoners from the place of his capture to Waynes-
boro, and when he reached us, was the most exasperated
man I had seen for a long time. He said that in his
army (the English), when an officer of his rank was
captured, he was taken charge of by an officer of like
rank, and treated accordingly, until exchanged or paroled.
Here he was marched through mud and mire, and that,
too, by a rebel private; it was enough to make a saint
swear. W'e treated him as other prisoners, making no
distinction in his favor as he thought we ought, as he
had come all the way across the ocean to capture Ashby !

On the evening of the 8th we conducted our prisoners
from Waynesboro, crossing the Blue Ridge at Rockfish
Gap. They did not give up hope of being retaken un-
til they had crossed the mountain, when they became as
meek as lambs, and gave us very little trouble. We
reached North Garden depot, on the Orange and Alex-
andria R. R., on the 9th, and went into cam]). Here
one of the prisoners made a break for liberty; the guard
fired at him, but missed, so he got away.

We tr)r)k the cars on the nth, and went to Lynch-
burg, marched our prisoners througli the town to the
fair grounds, where we guarded them until the i8th.
We turned them over to the city guard, and went by rail
to Charlottesville, leaving the train, however, about a
mile from the town. We camped on the side of the rail-
road, staying there until Jackson marched by on his way
to Richmond, when we rejoined our brigade. It was the
unanimous desire of the regiment never to have charge
of prisoners again.

XII

THE SEVEN days' CAMPAIGN

On June 17, 1862, Jackson broke camp in the valley,
and marched towards Gordonsville. As he passed
through Charlottesville on the 21st, our regiment re-
joined its brigade. We were plied with many questions
as to the destination of the army, and we made as many
inquiries of our comrades in the brigade, but all agreed
that w^e knew nothing. We guessed that on reaching
Gordonsville we would file to the left, and fall upon the
enemy under McDowell at Fredericksburg, or our desti-
nation was Washington, and this circuitous route w^as
taken to mystify the enemy. None of us had a single
thought of Richmond. Why then send Whiting's divi-
sion to the valley to join Jackson? When we reached
Gordonsville, we kept the same road, and when we ar-
rived at Louisa C. H., some cars came along on the Cen-
tral R. R. and took up the troops that were marching in
the rear, and carried them to Beaver Dam depot. These
cars returned, and took up those in the rear again, and
carried them to the same place. In this way Jackson
would help his men with cars on a march.

We now decided that we were going to Richmond to
help Lee ; and that the sending of W^hiting to the valley
was a ruse to have two effects, one on McClellan at
Richmond, and one on the enemy in the valley; and, it
is said, that it was successful in both directions. Jack-
son's men realized that we would have to do some des-

98 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

perate fight incf, since we knew we could not stay in Rich;
mond ; and the only way for us to leave was to attack
McClellan, and drive him away.

We reached Ashland on the 23th, and received orders
to cook three days' rations. The next morning we
marched as soon as the column could be formed, leaving
the road we had been following, and taking one on the
left, going in the direction of the Central R. R. crossing
near Peak's turnout ; marching to the neighborhood of
Pole Green Church, we stacked arms and rested for the
night. We saw the first signs of the Yankees' presence
in our march to-day: the telegrapli wires were cut not far
from Ashland. In the evening, Gen. Stuart's cavalry,
which had joined us, had a brisk skirmish in our front,
killing, wounding, and capturing some of the enemy.
Those prisoners were the first of IMcClcllan's army that
we saw.

We were up and moving early the next morning. At
Pole Green Church we found that Stuart's men needed
the assistance of our infantry, in order to clear the way.
Some regiments were ordered forward, and soon cap-
tured nearly all the Bucktail regiment of Pcnnsylvanians
at Hundley's corner. We did not know whether Mc-
Clellan had learned that Jackson was in the neighbor-
hood, or thought the column was a part of Lee's force.
We continued the march now without any obstruction,
and soon we heard the musketry and artillery of I^ong-
street and Hill, commencing the attack on McClellan at
Gaines' mill ; and we learned that we were about to unite
with them in an attack. We had thought until now that
they were on the snuth side of the Chickahominy, and
that we were to make the attack from the north side
alone.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 99

Our march was kept up in quick time, the firing be-
coming heavier in our front, and was the heaviest mus-
ketry I heard during the war. We marched on, and
towards evening hahed and retraced our steps until we
came to a road we had passed some time before. This
road was to the east, and we kept it until our divi-
sion halted, was ordered to load, and a line of battle
was formed and ordered forward through a pine thicket
so dense that a man ten yards in front could not be seen.

The Second Brigade was on the right of the division,
the Stonewall next, and the Third Brigade on the left.
The division was about the center of Gen. Lee's line of
battle, and in going through the thicket the division,
having no guides, lost its way ; our orders being to press
forward to the firing in front. The division obeyed;
but, very singularly, the Stonewall Brigade crossed the
line of march, and when it reached the firing line, it was
on the left, coming up just in time to help D. H. Hill,
whose line was giving way. The united force swept
everything before it. The Third Brigade, maintaining
nearly a straight line, came up to Whiting's line as it
was falling back, and their united efforts drove the
enemy at that point. When the Second Brigade emerged
from the thicket, they had. like the Stonewall, taken a
long swing, but towards the right, and we entered an
open field. Not far ahead we saw two men on horse-
back, who seemed to be in a consultation, and, as we
approached them, we recognized at once our beloved
leader, Gen. Lee, on his well remembered gray, and
President Davis. We passed them with a cheer, and
they recognized it by raising their hats. Here are two
of the most notable men of the Confederacy in close
consultation on the battlefield, and, from their appearance,

loo ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

no one would imagine that the fortunes of the war were
on their shoulders.

President Davis looked calm and self-possessed, and
seemed to look on us with interest, it being the first
time he had seen our brigade.

Gen. Lee was as calm and dignified as ever in giving
us the salute.

We went straight ahead, and not long afterwards we
came in sight of some of our troops, who seemed in
confusion, and giving ground. Our brigade com-
mander, Lt. Col. Cunningham of the 21st Regt., rode
forward to the brigade commanded by Brig. Gen. An-
derson of Longstreet's division, on the extreme right of
our line. I was told he said to Gen. Anderson that his
brigade was coming, and he would take the front. Gen.
Anderson thanked him, and said, that because of the
arrival of Jackson's men, he could finish what his bri-
gade had commenced. He moved his men to the right*,
and made an attack on the enemy's flank, while the
Second Brigade kept them busy in front; and when An-
derson's men gave the yell, we went forward on a run,
and the works were carried by Anderson in gallant
style.

This was the strongest point I saw occupied by either
army during the war. In the enemy's front for half a
mile was an open field, with a hill gently sloping to-
wards them, at the foot of which a creek ran that had
washed its banks perpendicular, about six to eight feet
deep: it was eight to ten feet wide. When we jumped
in, we could not get out without assistance. We threw
our guns on the side next the enemy. One comrade
then helped another out, and when he had scaled the
bank, he stooped or lay down and pulled another out.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY loi

It was almost level from this creek for about fifty to one
hundred yards, where there was a steep and high hill.
This hill was covered by a large and open wood. At its
foot a rail fence ran, which had been converted into an
excellent breastwork. This was the enemy's first line
of battle. About twenty-five yards up the hill was a
second line of breastworks, made of logs and dirt, and
about the same distance in its rear, on top of the hill,
was another line behind similar breastworks, and behind
this was their artillery, which had a full sweep at us
as soon as we entered the clearing in their front.
Charging this point, Anderson on the flank, we in front,
we drove the enemy out, and, on top of the hill, we
entered a field that was filled with Yanks and Confed-
erates. The line on the left of us having been carried
too, every man was yelling and shooting into the mass
of the enemy as fast as he could load; this was con-
tinued' until it was so dark that we could not see.

The position taken by Jackson's division in this battle
is rather remarkable. Our orders were to march right
ahead to the firing, as before stated. Not having guides,
in our moving about in the thicket, the brigades finally
emerged apart, and in going to the front, each brigade
moved, as was thought, in a straight line; but one went
to the extreme right, another near the center, and the
other to the extreme left, yet each reached its destina-
tion when assistance was greatly needed. Thus it seems
that the old division, which had such a bad start, put
itself into a better place than '' Old Jack " himself had
ordered, and played no small part in the success of this
great battle.

Late in the night we lay down on the hard-won field
to take some rest, but the cries and groans of the

I02 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

wounded kept many of us awake all night. In the morn-
ing we could see the result of the battle: the greatest
slaughter of the enemy in the field, the dead and
wounded numbering thousands. A large number of
cannon were captured in this field ; I don't know how
many. I counted fifteen on one hill, standing just as
the enemy left them: on this same hill I saw the first
machine gun, with its handle to turn out a bullet at
every revolution. I saw another, which was captured
during the seven days' fight, the only ones seen by the
writer during the war.

During the night the enemy made good their escape
across the Chickahominy, destroying the bridge in our
front. Replacing this, so tliat we could cross, delayed
Jackson's command all day. The enemy sent up a large
balloon for observation during the day, and some of
our guns fired at it. Whether it had any effect towards
making its occupants retire or not, I cannot say, but they
were up only a short time.

Longstreet and A. P. Hill crossed higher up the
stream, and went in pursuit of the enemy, and
Magruder's troops made an attack on the enemy in the
evening near Savage Station.

The bridge being ready on the morning of June 30,
Jackson's command crossed early to the south side of
the stream, passing in our march the house McClellan
had used as his heacUpiarters, and thence on to the Wil-
liamsburg turnpike. Here we passed some of Gen. Lee's
troops, who had halted for us to take the front. We
created much excitement and enthusiasm, as we were
just from Jackson's brilliant valley campaign, and many
remarks and cheers greeted us. I remember that our
captain had a saber but no scabbard, and the remark

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 103

was made several times along the march, " See there, the
officers don't even carry scabbards for their swords."
'* No wonder they march so, the men carry no baggage."
As a general thing, our knapsacks had been discarded
long ago. We passed the field on which Magruder
made the attack on the enemy the evening before, and
saw many of the enemy's dead along the road, and it
was strange that nearly every one was shot near the
heart. Reaching the toll gate, we saw a man sitting on
a box leaning against the gate post, and soon discovered
that he was dead. We passed Savage farm, and saw
hundreds of tents standing, which were used by the
enemy for hospitals, and nearly all were full of sick and
wounded of the enemy.

We marched to the vicinity of White Oak Swamp,
where skirmishers were thrown forward; some of our
artillery was brought into position, and firing com-
menced. Gen. Jackson ascertained that the enemy had
made a stand here. We were moved from place to
place, looking for a place to cross ; at night we lay down
on the ground for a little rest. Early in the morning
we resumed the march, as the enemy had left during
the night. Crossing the swamp on a bridge of logs, we
followed in hot pursuit, and found the enemy in position
at Malvern Hill. Gen. Jackson promptly formed his
line of battle ; our division in a wood on the right of the
road, in three lines, the second brigade being in the third
line. The enemy shelled us terribly the whole time.
Just about dark the second brigade was ordered to
march by the left flank, and entering the road, we
marched towards Malvern Hill, crossed a creek, and
soon were in a field at the edge of which we halted,
staying there the remainder of the night. I sat down

I04 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

in a fence corner to get a little rest, and had not been
there long before one of onr men, wounded, came along,
and was begging for water. Having some in my can-
teen, I stopped him and gave him a drink. He sat
down and comj^lained very much of being weak. I gave
him something to eat from my scanty rations; he seemed
very thankful, and revived a little, but soon complained
of being cold. I unrolled my blanket, and made him
lie down, and covered him witli it ; a little while after
I got cold too, so crept under the blanket with the
wounded man. fell asleep, and did not wake until morn-
ing. T then crawled from under the blanket as care-
fully as I could, to avoid disturbing him. went to the
creek, took a wash, filled my canteen, and brought it to
my friend, tried to arouse him, but he was dead.

The enemy fled during the night, and my division
was ordered back, stopping at Willis' Church the re-
mainder of the day. It had commenced to rain, and
was very disagreeable. While we were here, T went to
the spring for water, but found a dead Yankee lying
with his face in the .spring. I suppose the poor fellow
had been wounded in the fight two days before with
Longstreet's command, and going to the spring, had
leaned down to drink, and death overtook him. The
next morning we moved in i)nrsuit of the enemy, and
found them at Harrison's Landing on James river,
busily fortifying. Jackson's command remained there,
most of the time in line of battle, until the 8th, when
our division was moved back one and one-half miles to a
creek, where Gen. Jackson said he would like all of us
to take a bath, and would give us several hours to do
it. This was much needed; because of the constant
duty and scarcity of water, some of the men had not

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 105

washed their faces and hands for five or six days.

We marched from this place to White Oak Swamp,
where we rested for the night; and the next morning
Jackson's command took up its march for Richmond,
marching around the city on its northeast side. During
this march we moved along the York River Railroad
some distance. We saw many large warehouses in
which the enemy had stores. Some were burning, others
were partially burned, and some were captured before
they were fired.

Jackson's division was marched to Morris farm on
the Mechanicsville turnpike, and there went into camp
on the nth. Gen. Jackson on the next day gave F
Company permission to spend the day in Richmond.
To most of the company that was a great day, many of
them not having been in the city since they left it a year
ago. What changes had taken place in one year. We
left Richmond a year ago in new uniforms, with the
fair complexion of city men, some frail and spare, none
of us with one exception having seen anything of real
war. We returned now ruddy and brown, with the
health and hardness that outdoor living creates, and
were veterans. Our welcome was an ovation, and it
made us feel our standing in public esteem. The only
thing we regretted as our time closed was that the day
did not last forever.

We stayed at Morris farm several days, taking a much
needed rest, the first we had had since April 30th. Dur-
ing the time that ended now at Morris farm, Jackson's
men had marched over five hundred and fifty miles,
fought nine battles, many skirmishes, captured several
thousand prisoners, large quantities of small arms and
cannon, wagons, and stores.

io6 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

At the commencement of the war, the Southern army
was as poorly armed as any body of men ever had been.
In the infantry, my own regiment as an example, one
company had Springfield muskets, one had Enfield, one
had Mississippi rifles, the remainder the old smooth bore
flint-lock musket that had been altered to a percussion
gun. The cavalry was so badly equipped that hardly a
company was uniform in that particular; some had
sabers, nothing more, some had double-barrel guns, some
had nothing but lances, while others had something of
all. One man with a saber, another with a pistol, an-
other with a nuisket, another a shotgun, not half a dozen
men in the company armed alike. The artillery was
better, but the guns were mostly smooth bore, and some
of the horses had wagon and plow harness. It did not
take long for the army of Northern Va. to arm itself
with better material. When Jackson's troops marched
from the valley for Richmond to join Lee in his attack
on McClellan, they had captured enough arms from the
enemy to replace all that were inferior, and after the
battles around Richmond, all departments of Lee's army
were as well armed. After that time, the captures from
the enemy kept us up to their standard. Our amnunii-
tion was always inferior to theirs.

Towards the close of the war, nearly all equipments
in the army of Northern Va. were articles captured
from the ^'ankees. All the wagons were captured, and
to look at them on a march, one would not kntnv that
they belonged to the Confederacy, many of them hav-
ing the name of the brigade, division and corps of the
Yankee army branded on them. Nearly all the nuiles
and horses had U. S. branded on them; our ambulances
were from the same generous provider, our tents also,

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 107

many of them having the name of the company, etc.,
branded on them; most of the blankets were those
marked U. S., also the rubber blankets or cloths; the
very clothing that the men wore was mostly captured,
as we were allowed to wear their pants, underclothing
and overcoats. As for myself, I purchased only one
hat, one pair of shoes, and one jacket after 1861. We
captured immense quantities of provisions, and nearly
all the " hard tack " and pork issued to us was cap-
tured.

On the 1 6th we received orders to march to Rich-
mond, where we took cars of the Richmond, Fredericks-
burg and Potomac R. R., and on reaching the junction,
were transferred to the Central Railroad and conveyed
to Louisa C. H. This route was necessitated by the
enemy having destroyed a portion of the Central Rail-
road between Richmond and the junction, now known
as Doswells, and it had not been repaired at that time.

XIII

CEDAR RUN

We remained at Louisa C. H. a day, and marched to
Gordonsville, then to Liberty Mills, then to Mechanics-
ville, not far from Louisa C. H., staying two or three
days at each place. On August 4th we marched
again to Liberty Mills. These movements were occa-
sioned by reports from the enemy in our front, who had
raised a new army, " The Army of Virginia," com-
manded by Gen. Pope, who said he had been doing great
things in the Western army. In his order to his troops
on taking command he said he had never seen anything
" but the backs of the rebels, his headquarters were in
the saddle, and he wanted the talk of guarding the rear
of his army stopped, as an invading army had no rear,
it was useless to make provision to look after communi-
cations in that direction." in less than a month he
found out that his army did not have any rear, as Jack-
son had quietly slipped into Manassas, and gobbled it
up. Gen. Stuart with his cavalry had previously raided
his headquarters at Catlett's Station, cai)turing his
oftlcial papers and his military dress coat.

On August /th we left Liberty Mills and marched
to Orange C. II. \\c were up early the next morning
and on the march. During the day we were joined by
A. V. Hill's division and Stafford's Louisiana Brigade.
Oura<lvance guard reaching l^arnett's bOrd on the
Kapidan river, ftjund the enemy in their front, and
ofTcring some resistance to our crossing. Near the ford

108

SECOND CAPTAIN RICHARD H, CUNNINGHAM, JR.

Opposite page lOS.

"»?.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 109

we passed a " Quaker cannon," which our advance had
rigged up. It was the hind part of a wagon with a
black log on it. Our men ran this out on a hill in full
sight of the Yanks, and advanced at the same time with a
cheer. The enemy left the ford in a hurry. They could
not stand the sight of the cannon. Soon after crossing
the river, I saw one of our cavalrymen with a saber
wound; his ear was nearly severed from his head.

On crossing the river, we took the direct road to
Culpeper C. H., forded Robertson river in the after-
noon, and about sunset went into camp in a wood near
the road. About midnight we were awakened by the
firing of musketry, and the ting of balls falling amongst
us. Each man rose up and took his place in ranks
more quickly than I ever saw it done; and when the
order was given to " take arms," every man had his
7"un ready for action. We marched to the road and
alted, to await orders from headquarters. The firing
.oon ceased. It resulted from the surprise of some
Yankee cavalry on their way from Madison C. H. to
Culpeper C. H. They were ignorant of our advance,
and, being halted by our guard, they began to retreat,
and after a brisk skirmish made off as soon as they
could extricate themselves. In this affair my regiment
got into ranks directly from their beds, and when we
marched back to our camp, the laugh began; and those
old Confederates made the woods ring with shouts.
Some of the men were in their shirt sleeves, some hav-
ing on them nothing but shirts, some with one shoe on,
etc., hardly one with a hat, but every man was in his
place.

On the next morning, August 9th, we resumed the
march, Ewell's division in front, Jackson's next, and

no OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

Mill bringing up the rear. About one o'clock we heard
the boom of cannon in our front, and we knew that
Pope had made a stand. The column hurried up,
Ewcll filing to the right, and sending the first line of
skirmishers forward.

" Peace and beauty all around us, death and danger just
ahead,
On our faces careless courage, in our hearts a sombre
dread.

" Then the skirmish line went forward, and the only sounds

we heard
Were the hum of droning insects and the carol of a bird;
Till, far off, a flash of fire, and a little cloud went by.
Like an angel's mantle floating down from out an azure

sky.

'* Then a shell went screaming o'er us, and the air at once

was rife
With a million whispering hornets, swiftly searching for

a life ;
And the birds and insects fled away before the * rebel yell,'
The thunder of the battle, and the furious flames of hell."

Our division was hurried along the road some dis-
tance, the Second Brigade marched to the front of the
column and halted, the roll was called, we were ordered
to load, and, after a few minutes of rest, we resumed
the hurried march. Going a short distance, the men on
the left of the road cleared the way for a cannon ball
that came bounding along like a boy's ball. The force
with which it was traveling is indicated by its striking
the stump of a tree, glancing up, and going out of sight.
A little farther on we came to four of our men lying

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY iii

in the road dead, killed by this same ball. The road
was fairly alive now with shot and shell from the enemy,
and we filed to the left into the w^ood, went about one
hundred yards, filed to the right, and continued our
march, parallel to the road. We passed an old Con-
federate standing beside a small sapling, with one hand
resting on it, and we asked him, '' What is the matter? "
He said, '*' I don't want to fight. I ain't mad with any-
body." This put all in a good humor, and amidst
laughter and cheers we continued the march. After
going several hundred yards w^e halted and were ordered
to lie down. The enemy w^ere shelling this wood ter-
ribly, and our Captain Morgan was killed by them.
After a short stay we were ordered forward, and halted
on the edge of the wood, beside the main road that ran
north and south. The woods we occupied extended
north about one hundred and fifty yards to a field. This
field continued along the road for about two hundred
yards to another wood.

The Second Brigade formed a line of battle in the
corner or angle of the wood, the 21st Va. Regt. on the
right, the 48th Va. next, both facing east, the 42d Va.
next, and, at right angles to the road and facing north,
the Irish battalion next, forming the left. The brigade
thus formed a right angle. In front of the 21st and
48th there w^as a large field surrounded by a rail fence,
the road running between the wood and fence. In the
open about three or four hundred yards obliquely on our
left there was a corn field, full of Yankees, w^ell con-
cealed. Another line had formed at right angles to the
main road and across it, its right concealed in the second
wood, which was beyond the small field in front of the
42d Regt. and the Irish battalion. As soon as we

112 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

reached the road, we saw a line of Yankees advancing
from the corn field, the 21st and 48th opened fire on
them at once; and the battle of Cedar Run had com-
menced in earnest. We caused the advancing line to
halt, and the fighting was terrific. The Second Brigade
was alone at this point, since Jackson had not liad time
to extend his line. 1lie Yankees now made an advance
with the line that had been concealed, in front of the
Irish battalion and the 42d Regt. Their line being
longer than ours, they swung around the Irish battalion
in our rear, and occupied the position from which we
had advanced only a few minutes before. The 21st and
48th were fighting the force at and near the corn field,
although it had been strengthened by the second line;
still we were fighting with such effect that we kept this
force back. A part of the force, advancing against the
left of the brigade, were firing directly into the flank of
the 48th and 21st Regiments, and were making terrible
havoc in their ranks. Col. Cunningham of the 21st,
who was sick, came along the line, walking and leading
his horse, and said to the men as he passed that the
enemy were in our rear and he desired to get us out of
the i)osition we were in, and we must follow him. His
voice was one of loud compass and great command, but
he could hardly speak, and as he passed me he said,
" John, help me get the men out of this, 1 can't talk
loudly." I induced all the men near me to face down
(southward) the road, and we started. After a few
stei)s, I saw a ^'ankee sergeant step into the road about
fifty or seventy-five yards ahead (south) of us. and at
the same time heard the firing of rapitlly approaching
enemy in our rear. A great dread filled me for Jack-
son, because I had seen him at this six)t only a moment

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 113

before. The sergeant, having his gun in his left hand,
his drawn sword in his right, turned up the road to-
wards us, and approached. A Yankee private stepped
into the road just ahead of him; this being the road on
which we marched to get to our position, it showed that
the enemy were not only in our front, flank, and rear,
but actually had the second brigade surrounded. The
Yankee sergeant did not stop his advance towards us
until he actually took hold of one of the men of our
regiment and pulled him out of ranks, and started to-
wards the rear with his prisoner. One of our men, who
was in the act of capping his gun, raised it to his
shoulder, fired, and the sergeant fell dead not ten feet
away. By this time the road was full of Yankees, and
there was such a fight as was not witnessed during the
war; guns, bayonets, swords, pistols, fence rails, rocks,
etc., were used all along the line. I have heard of a
'' hell spot " in some battles, this surely was one. Our
color bearer knocked down a Yankee with his flag staff,
and was shot to death at once. One of the color guard
took the flag, and he also was killed; another, Roswell
S. Lindsay of F Company, bayoneted a Yankee, and was
immediately riddled with balls, three going through him.
Four color bearers were killed with the colors in their
hands, the fifth man flung the riddled flag to the breeze,
and went through the terrible battle unhurt. Col. Cun-
ningham had crossed the road leading his horse, pulled
down the fence, passed through the gap into the field,
started to mount his horse, his foot in the stirrup, when
he was struck by a bullet, and fell back dead, his horse
receiving his death wound at the same time. It was
a terrible time, the Second Brigade was overwhelmed,
nearly half of the 21st Va. Regt. lay on the ground,

114 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

(lead and wounded. F Company of Richmond carried
eighteen men into action, twelve of them were lying on
the ground, six dead and six wcnnided, and many of the
regiment were prisoners. The remnant was still fight-
ing hand to hand. Jackson hurried men to our relief,
the Stonewall Brigade coming in on our left, and the
Third Brigade on the right. I'hey succeeded in sur-
rounding a part of the command who had surrounded
us. and took nearly all of them prisoners, including their
hrigadier general ; and released those of our men who
had been captured in time for them to join the little
band in the advance. Just at this moment the enemy
hurled a line of cavalry against us, from the corn field,
but our fire on them was so hot that those not un-
horsed, wheeled, and off to the rear they went on a run.
Our whole line now advanced, and the enemy were in
full retreat. We could plainly see Ewell, with a part
of his division on Slaughter Mountain, way off to the
right of our line, advancing too; as the mountain at this
point was free of woods, we could see his skirmish line
in front advancing down the mountain, his line of battle
following, and his cannon belching forth fire and smoke,
and we could see tlie enemy's shell bursting on the moun-
tain side. It was a magnificent and inspiring sight.

We kept up the pursuit until 9 or 10 o'clock at night,
when we halted, and were allowed to rest for the night.

Tile battle was fought and won. the 21st Va. Regt.
had written its name high on the scroll of honor, but
at what cost. They went into battle with two hundred
and eighty-four men; thirty-nine of them lay dead on
the field, and ninety-two were wounded. Old F Com-
pany of Richmond lost Capt. Morgan, shot through the
body by a piece of shell. He was a splendid soldier,

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 115

and the best informed man on military matters that I
knew during the war. Henry Anderson, Joe Nun-
nally, John Powell, William Pollard, and Roswell Lind-
say were killed. Bob Gilliam was shot through the leg,
Clarence Redd through both wrists, Ned Tompkins
through one arm and in the body. Porter Wren in the
arm, Harrison Watkins through the body, and Clarence
Taylor through the hip.

Nearly half of Jackson's loss in this battle was in the
Second Brigade. Amongst the killed were Brig. Gen.
Charles Winder of the Stonewall Brigade, who com-
manded the division, and Lieut. Col. Richard H. Cun-
ningham (an old F), who commanded the 21st Va.
Regt., two as gallant men as the cause ever lost, a great
loss to our command and the army. Both were con-
spicuous on every battlefield for brave deeds, and they
gave promise of being great soldiers. I have always
thought there was a similarity in their deaths. Both
were on the sick list, each had been riding in an ambu-
lance during the day, but, at the sound of the guns, each
mounted his horse, came to the front, and took com-
mand of his men. Winder was posting his advance
artillery in the open field just to our right when he was
killed, and Cunningham was killed a few minutes later
near the same place. I also think if they had lived each
would have been promoted. Winder to be a major gen-
eral, and Cunningham to be a brigadier general, both
commissions dating from this battle.

Here is what Major Dabney, on Jackson's staff, says
in his life of Stonewall Jackson. After describing the
position of the brigades that were already in line of*
battle to our right, he comes to that occupied by the
Second Brigade and says:

OKE OF JAOSOXS PO^T r ^vtT ^v

ndtt ^cn0s of fcvai wit^ njyt, nljcd v.t:
TouL TIk Iftt

.... . _rid

TiK -- zbt n^^ and er _ : Mr-

Caiai —n, and ion^it ^ic

;3XLi±: ic ~Tk*'XT scar, for ^k IcjiUjl

*>?- linn wP^' were br
■^fofT - vV alter L.

ti' . and

ardj a

^ evcTf fern
1^ <jviitm cakfn

':i'S'rTi

r\^, im gWMecj

•4 Ifc H^

^>»N^S»»V >i!K^ ttj^i

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 117.

Jackson would not renew the advance, and Pope, being
so much surprised at seeing the front of a rebel, had not
recovered sufficiently to attack Jackson.

About midday. Pope asked permission of Gen. Jack-
son to succor such of his wounded as had not already
been treated by us, and to bury his dead; this Gen.
Jackson granted, and put the field of battle under the
command of Brig. Gen. Early. Soon the Yank and
Confederate were engaged in friendly converse, trading
papers, tobacco, etc.

When night came on. Gen. Jackson thought it best to
fall back behind the Rapidan, and we crossed that stream
the next day, and went into camp between that river and
Gordonsville. While we were there, Stark's Louisiana
Brigade was added to Jackson's division; the division
consisting of the First (Stonewall), Second, Third,
Fourth, or Louisiana, brigades. We remained in this
camp until August i6th, when we marched a few miles,
and prepared for another advance against Pope.

XIV

SECOND MANASSAS

LoNGSTREET liaviiig juiiicd Jackson and Gen. Lee
having completed his plans, the army broke camp on
August 20th and marched in the direction of Pope's
army. Jackson crossed the Rapidan river at Summer-
ville Ford. Pope had retreated behind the Rappahan-
nock river, and we made that river our objective point.
After trying several fords with the seeming intention of
crossing, the morning of the 25th found us near the vil-
lage of Jeffersonton in Culpeper county. Here we re-
ceived orders to cook three days' rations, and be ready
to move as soon as possible. Soon afterwards, orders
were given to fall in; but many of the men had not pre-
pared their rations for want of time, — the half baked
biscuit and the raw dough were left. This for many
was nothing to eat for some time, probably days! The
wagon train having remained behind, and everything
being in light marching trim, indicated that something
of importance was on hand.

As soon as the column was formed, we were hurried
off on the march, passing through the village of Amiss-
ville, and crossing the Rappahannock at Hinson's mill ;
thence several miles right through the country, through
fields, over ditches and fences, through woods until wc
came to a jniblic road. This we took, passing the vil-
lage of Orleans and marching steadily until wc passed
Salem, about tS or 9 o'clock at night. Jlere we halted
in the road, stacked arms, and were told we could lie

118

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 119

down and rest, having marched about twenty-six miles.
Early the next morning we were up and on the march
again, passing through Bull Run Mountain at Thorough-
fare Gap, thence through Hay Market and Gainsville,
not stopping until ten or eleven o'clock at night; march-
ing about the same distance as the day before, and again
stopping in the road. Many of the men lay down right
where they stopped in the road, being so completely
used up from the march and heat as not to have energy
to move to one side. We were near Bristow Station,
and not far from Manassas Junction, and far in Pope's
rear, " the man that had no rear." (?) Gen. Jackson now
sent a force ahead to capture Manassas, which was done
during the night with small loss to us. Immense quan-
tities of stores were captured with several trains of rail-
road cars, eight pieces of artillery with caissons and
horses, etc., complete, a number of wagons, several hun-
dred prisoners, and several hundred negroes, who had
been persuaded to run away from their owners. Early
the next morning Ewell's division marched in the direc-
tion of Bristow, the remainder of the corps to Manassas
Junction, which place our division reached about 7 or 8
o'clock in the morning. The Second Brigade was filed
by regiments to the right of the road, in an open field
and near the storehouses, where arms were stacked, and
we were ordered to rest and remain near our guns.

Not long after this it was rumored that a force from
Washington was approaching to drive us away. A. P.
Hill's division was sent forward to meet them, and soon
put them to rout. They consisted of a brigade of in-
fantry with some artillery, sent down to brush away a
small raiding force, as they supposed us to be.

A scene around the storehouses was now witnessed.

120 OXE OF JACKSOX'S FOOT CAVALRY

but cannot be described. Were you, when a boy, on
some special occasion allowed to eat as much of every-
thing you wanted ? Were you ever a soldier, who had
eaten nothing but rt)asting ears for two days? Well,
if you have ever been either, you may probably have
some conception of what followed. Only those who par-
ticipated can ever appreciate it. Remember, that many
of those men were hurried off on the march on the
morning of the 25th with nothing to eat, that it was now
the 27th, and we had marched in this time about sixty
miles. The men who had prepared their rations did
not have enough for two days, much less for three, and.
after dividing with such comrades as had none, every-
thing had long been eaten. Xow here are vast store-
houses filled with everything to eat, and sutler's stores
filled with all the delicacies, potted ham. lobster, tongue,
candy, cakes, nuts, oranges, lemons, pickles, catsup, mus-*
tard, etc. It makes an old soldier's mouth water now.
to think of the good things captured there. A guard
was placed over everything in the early part of the day,
rations were issued to the men. but not by weight and
measure to each man. A ])ackage or two of each article
was given to each company. These are some of the
articles issued to F Company. The first thing brought
us was a barrel of cakes, next, a bag of hams. We se-
cured a camp kettle, made a fire, and put a ham on to
boil; and we had hardly gotten it underway before a
barrel of sugar and coffee, the "N'anks had it mixed, and
a bag of beans were sent us. After a consultation, we
decided to empty the ham out of the kettle, as we could
take that along raw. and in its place i)nt the beans on
the fire, as they were something we were fond of and
hacl not had for a long time. About the time they com-

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 121

menced to get warm, a bag of potatoes was brought us;
— over the kettle goes, and the potatoes take the place
of the beans. We now think our kettle is all right, as
potatoes cook in a short time, but here comes a package
of desiccated vegetables, and the kettle is again emptied,
and the vegetables are placed on the fire, as soup is so
good. We were also given a barrel of syrup. This
was a liberal and varied bill of fare for our company,
which was small then.

Gen. Jackson's idea was that he could care for the
stores until Gen. Lee came up, and turn the remainder
over to him, hence he placed the guard over them. The
enemy began to make such demonstrations that he de-
cided he could not hold the place, therefore the houses
were thrown open, and every man was told to help him-
self. Our kettle of soup was left to take care of itself.
Men who were starving a few hours before, and did not
know when they would get another mouthful, were told
to help themselves. Well, what do you think they did?
Begin to eat. Oh, no. They discussed what they
should eat, and what they should take with them, as
orders were issued for us to take four clays' rations
with us. It was hard to decide what to take, some filled
their haversacks with cakes, some with candy, others
oranges, lemons, canned goods, etc. I know one who
took nothing but French mustard, filled his haversack
and was so greedy that he put one more bottle in his
pocket. This was his four days' rations, and it turned
out to be the best thing taken, because he traded it for
meat and bread, and it lasted him until we reached
Frederick City. All good times have an end, and, as
night approached, preparations were made to burn every-
thing that we could not carry; and not long after sunset

122 ONE OF JACKSOX'S FOOT CAVALRY

tlie stores were set on fire. Our division, taking up our
march as soon as the fires got well under way, marched
several hours, when our brigade was ordered to a road
on our left for i)icket duty. At daybreak we found
ourselves on the Warrenton and Alexander pike near
Groveton.

There was only one field officer in our brigade at this
time, and Gen. Jackson had assigned Col. Bradley T.
Johnson temporarily to command it. The Irish bat-
talion was commanded by a major, the 48th Va. Regt.
by a lieutenant, the 42d by a captain, and the 21st by a
captain. 11ie Second Brigade remained about Groveton
until late in the evening. Col. Johnson had orders to
make demonstrations and the biggest show he could, so
as to delay the enemy as long as possible from any ad-
vance in this direction ; and well did he do it. At one
time he had one regiment on top of a hill, with its colors
under the next hill, just high enougli to show over its
top; a regiment with its colors on the next hill, etc.,
thus making the appearance of a long line of battle.
We had two pieces of artillery, and as one body of the
enemy was seen, one or both pieces of artillery were
brought into view, and when the enemy moved, the can-
nons were limbered up and moved also to some far hill,
and the movement was repeated.

Early in the morning, while the 21st Va. Regt. was on
one of these hills lying down in line, the enemy ran a
cannon out on a hill, unlimbered, and fired a shot at us,
hitting one of the men of Company K, tearing the heel
of his shoe off, but not injuring him. I'his was the first
cannon shot from either side at Second Manassas, and
the only one fired at that time, as the piece liml^ered up
and withdrew in a ti'jt. When the Jist regiment soon

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 123

afterwards was deployed as skirmishers, and stationed
across the Warrenton pike, a Yankee artilleryman rode
into our line, thinking it was his. He was the first
prisoner taken.

The inmates of the Groveton house now abandoned
it, — a lady, bareheaded, and her servant woman, run-
ning out of the front door, having a little girl between
them, each holding her by one of her hands, the child
crying loudly. They crossed the pike, climbed over the
fence, and went directly south through the fields, and
were soon lost to sight. In their excitement they did
not even close the door to their deserted home.

The Yankee wagon train was seen on a road south of
us, on its way to Washington; the two pieces of artillery
were run out and commenced to fire at them, causing a
big stampede. It was now about eleven or twelve
o'clock, and we retired to a wood north of the pike,
formed the brigade into line of battle, stacked arms, and
lay down in position.

None of the men had seen or heard anything of the
remainder of our corps, and we had no idea as to where
they were, and it was singular that " Old Jack " had not
made his accustomed appearance along the front, the
artillery fire not even bringing him. The men were
much puzzled and mystified by this. Col. Johnson sent
to the 2 1st Va. Regt. for a lieutenant and six men to re-
port with arms, etc., at once to him ; one of the men
from F Company, the writer, was designated by name.
On reporting, they were ordered to drive a squad of
Yankees away from a house in sight. This they did in
quick order, although they had to cross an open field
and get over three fences before reaching the house.
We remained at the house a while, and seeing that we

124 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

were about to be cut off, we retired to the brigade with-
out loss. This was the first musket fire of Second Man-
assas, and it may be said that the battle had commenced,
the enemy being seen in several directions towards our
front. The officer returning to Col. Johnson made his
report, when the colonel retained the '' F " man, the
writer, and ordered him to go out to the front as far
as possible without being seen by the enemy, and keep
a lookout, reporting to him any body of the enemy seen
approaching, and, in order to get along the better, to
leave his arms. I crept to the front until I reached a
bush on top of a slight elevation, where I lay down for
several hours, observing the movements of several small
bodies of the enemy, mostly cavalry. While I was
lying down behind the bush, an incident occurred that
has always puzzled me. I heard the quick step of a
horse to my right and rear, and looking around I saw
a horseman in full gallop, coming from the north and
going along a small country road that joined the W'ar-
renton pike at Groveton house. Arriving at the gap in
the fence along the road, he wheeled his horse and rode
directly towards me as I lay down in the field ; and it
was done in such a deliberate way as to impress the
vidette that his presence was known before the horse-
man came along the road. He did not (h'aw rein until
he was almost on the vidette, when he asked if the
vidette knew where Gen. Jackson was. Receiving a
negative reply, he wheeled his horse and rode back to
the gaj), turned into the road, and was off at full gallop
towards Groveton house. This man was riding a black
mare, and wore a long liiu-n (Uisicr and dark pants;
there was something so suspicious about his movements
and dress, that the vidette would have taken him to

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 125

Col. Johnson if he had had his gun. There was a squad
of Yankees at the Groveton house, and when the rider
reached it, several of them ran from the front of the
house and surrounded him. He dismounted and went
with them to the front of the house while one of their
number led the horse into the back yard and tied him.
This was hardly done before a body of our cavalry
charged up the Warrenton pike, and captured the party.
The vidette had seen that detachment coming along the
road a few minutes before, and could have warned the
man riding the horse of the Yankees' presence, but a
distrust came over him as soon as I saw him.

About 4 o'clock in the afternoon the vidette was
startled by a long line of skirmishers stepping out of the
w^ood in his front and advancing. Jumping to my feet,
I started towards Col. Johnson and having gone only a
short distance, I saw their line of battle following. Now
that fellow just " dusted " made his report to Col. John-
son, who called the line to attention, and gave the com-
mand, " Right face ! double quick ! march ! " and away we
went northward through the woods. All of us were
wondering what had become of Jackson, but when we
were through the woods, the first man we saw was " Old
Jack," and looking beyond, we could see that his com-
mand was massed in a large field, arms stacked, batteries
parked, and everything resting. Col. Johnson rode up
to him and made his report. Gen. Jackson turned at
once to his staff, gave each an order, and, in a minute,
the field was in a perfect hubbub, — men riding in all
directions, infantry rushing to arms, cannoneers to their
guns and the drivers mounting. We saw the master
hand now. In the time I am taking to tell this, one
heard the sharp command of an officer, '' Right face,

126 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

forward march," and saw a body of skirmishers march
out of that confused mass right up to " Old Jack,','
where the olTicer gave the command, " File right," and
the next instant the command to deploy. The move-
ment was done in the twinkling of an eye. Forward
they went to meet the enemy. Gen. Jackson had waited
to see this; he now turned to Col. Johnson and told him
to let his men stack arms and rest, as they had been on
duty since the day before; he would not call on them if
he could avoid it; and off he went with the advance skir-
mishers. Another body of them had, in the meantime,
marched out and filed to the left, and gone forward.
A column of infantry unwound itself out of that mass,
marched up to the point where the skirmishers had been
filed to the right, fronted, and went forward. Another
was now filing to the left, while the third column moved
straight ahead, a part of the artillery following each
column of infantry. This was the most perfect move-
ment of troops I saw during the war. The crack of
muskets and the bang of artillery told us that the lines
had met, and the fire in a few minutes was terrific. An
officer soon came, however, ordering the Second Rrigade
to report on the extreme left of Jackson's line, where
the whole brigade was formed as skirmishers, ordered
forward and, after going a certain distance, halted, and
ordered to lie down. W'c stayed there all night, sleeping
on our arms, 'i'hc enemy did not a])pcar in our front;
but our right had a hard fight, in which the enemy were
defeated, retreating during the night. P>rig. On. Talia-
ferro, commanding Jackson's division, and Maj. (ien.
Ewcll were amongst our wounded.

The next morning, August 2f)th. the Second Brigade
marched to the right of Jackson's line, on top of a large

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 127

hill, where there were several pieces of artillery. We
stayed there about an hour, and were shelled severely by
the enemy, who had made their appearance from another
direction than that of the evening before.

Jackson now took position behind an unfinished rail-
road, which ran parallel to and north of the Warrenton
pike, and, I suppose, about a mile from it. Jackson's
division was on the right, Ewell's next, and A. P. Hill's
on the left. The Second Brigade marched from the
hill to the left about half a mile, where we joined our
division and formed two lines of battle, in a wood and
near its edge, facing south. In our front there was a
narrow neck of open land, about three hundred yards
wide; on the west, the w^ood ran along this field about
three hundred yards to a point where the field joined a
larger field. A short distance around the angle of the
wood was the hill which we occupied early in the morn-
ing, and Jackson had now several batteries of artillery
on it. On the east, the woods ran along the field for
six hundred yards to a point where the field joined a
large field; this large field ran east and west and at its
far side the Warrenton pike ran. About two hundred
yards in our front was a part of the abandoned railroad,
running across the open neck from the wood on the east
to near that of the west. The eastern end of the road
was in a valley, where there was a fill for about one hun-
dred yards, extending to a hill through which a cut ran
out on the level ground just before it reached the west
wood. The reader will notice now that in front of the
railroad there was a short strip of wood on the west
side and a long strip on the east. Our skinnishers were
stationed at the railroad; we were ordered to lie down
in line, guns in hand, and directed to rush for the rail-

ij8 one of JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

road as soon as an order to forward should be j::^iven.

Col. Johnson came alonc^ the line, stopped about ten
yards in front of F Company, took out his pipe, filled it
and lighted it. and quietly sat on the ground, leaning
against a small sapling.

Everything was perfectly quiet, but this did not last
long. The stillness in our front was broken by a shot,
and almost in the same instant a shell went crashing
through the trees overhead. This was the signal for a
severe shelling of our woods ; a man was wounded.
Col. Johnson immediately arose, went to him. sent him
to the rear, and stopped long enough to talk to the men
around him, and quiet their uneasiness. He came back
and resumed his seat. This was repeated several times.
The enemy now advanced and engaged our skirmishers
at the railroad, some of the balls aimed at them occa-
sionally reached our line, and wounded some of the men.
Col. Johnson invited several of the men who were be-
coming uneasy to come and sit by him. and he had about
a dozen around him, talking and laughing. Our skir-
mishers were now being driven from the railroad, and
soon they retired to the line of battle. The enemy were
now some distance north of the railroad in our front.
The brigade being called to attention, instantly was on
its feet, and when the order was given to forward, it
rushed to the front. Reaching the field, we emptied
our guns into the enemy, and charged them with empty
guns. They turned and ran. leaving many dead and
wounded on our side of the railroad. Aj)proaching
these men. lying on the ground about one hundred yards
from us. [ noticed one of them on his back, gesticulating
with his hands, raising them u\), moving them violently
backward and forward. I thought he was trying to at-

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 129

tract our attention, so that we might not injure him in
our advance. When I reached him, I recognized by
his shoulder straps that he was a Yankee captain, and
one of our captains, who was running on my left, said
he was making the masonic sign of distress. Arriving
at the railroad, the 21st Va. Regt. occupied the bank,
and the remainder of the Second Brigade occupied the
cut on our right. We loaded and fired at the retreating
enemy, and soon cleared the field.

Expecting a renewal of the attack by the enemy, we
remained at the railroad, and, after a short halt, the an-
nouncement " Here they come! " was heard. A line of
battle marched out of the far end of the east wood into
the field, halted, dressed the line, and moved forward.
They were allowed to come within about one hundred
yards of us, when we opened fire. We could see them
stagger, halt, stand a short time, break, and run. At
this time, another line made its appearance, coming from
the same point. It came a little nearer. They, too,
broke and ran. Still another line came nearer,
broke and ran. The whole field seemed to be full of
Yankees and some of them advanced nearly to the rail-
road. We went over the bank at them, the remainder
of the brigade following our example. The enemy now
broke and ran, and we pursued, firing as fast as we
could. We followed them into the woods, and drove
them out on the other side, where we halted and were
ordered back to the railroad. We captured two pieces
of artillery in the woods, and carried them back with
us. As we returned a Yankee battery of eight guns had
full play on us in the field, and our line became a little
confused; we halted, every man instantly turned and
faced the battery. As we did so, I heard a thud on my

I30 OXK OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

right, as if one had been struck with a heavy fist. Look-
ing around I saw a man at my side standing erect, with
his head off, a stream of blood spurting a foot or more
from his neck. As I turned farther around, I saw three
others lying on the ground, all killed by this cannon
shot. The man standing was a captain in the 42d Va.
Regt., and his brains and blood bespattered the face and
clothing of one of my company, who was standing in
my rear. This was the second time I saw four men
killed by one shot. The other occurred in the battle
of Cedar Run, a few weeks earlier. Fach time the shot
struck as it was descending, — the first man had his head
taken off, the next was shot through the breast, the next
through the stomach, and the fourth had all his bowels
torn out.

We went back to our position in tlie woods, formed
our old line of battle in two lines, and lay down as before.
Immediately our attention was called to a line of battle
filing into position in our front, but nearly at right angles
to us. What did this mean? Were the enemy making
preparations to storm us again? General Starke, our
division commander, arrived, his attention was called to
the line, he used his glass, and, after a careful survey,
called a courier, and directed him to go to the right
around the hill in our frc^nt, and find out who they were.
The Yankees were shelling (»nr woods heavily, but the
excitement was so great that the men, who had orders
to lie down for protection, were all standing up watching
the line fonn, which grew longer each moment. Our
courier, after a short stay, was seen coming as fast as
his horse could run, and before he reached General
Starke, cried out, *' It is Longstrect! " A great cry that

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 131

Longstreet had come was taken up by the men all down
the line. The courier now told General Starke that the
man sitting on a stump, whom we had noticed before,
was General Lee ; and that Longstreet said he had gotten
up in time to witness our charge, which, he said, was
splendid !

This put new life into Jackson's men, who had heard
nothing of Longstreet. They knew that if Pope with
his large army would put forth energy, he could greatly
damage us ; but every thought was changed now. We
only wished for a renewal of the attack, but were afraid
he would not attack us after his repulse on the morning
and the presence of Longstreet! He did attack A. P.
Hill's division on the left, and met with the same kind
of repulse that we had given him. A part of Long-
street's command became heavily engaged also. This
ended the second day's fighting, and the Second Brigade
was jubilant over its share of Second Manassas so far.

The cannonading commenced early on the morning of
the 30th with skirmishing in front that at times became
active. About noon, expecting an attack, the Second
Brigade moved to the railroad, taking position as on
the day before. About 2 or 3 o'clock we heard on our
right, the sound of '' Here they come! " and almost in-
stantly we saw a column of the enemy march into the
field from the point at which they appeared the day be-
fore, dressing the line and advancing on us. Every man
in our line shifted his cartridge box to the front, un-
strapped it and his cap box, gave his gun a second look,
and took his position to meet the coming enemy, who
were rapidly approaching. We allowed them to come
about the same distance as on the day before, and then

132 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

opened fire, with about the same result. Other lines ad-
vanced, each gfctting nearer us; the field was filled with
Yanks as on tlie day before, but in much greater num-
bers, and their advance continued, h^very man in the
Second Brigade at this moment remembered Cedar Run,
each one loaded his gun with care, raised it deliberately
to his shoulder, took deadly aim, and i)ulled the trigger!
We were fighting now as I never saw it done, we behind
the railroad bank and in the cut, which made a splendid
breastwork, the enemy crowded in the field, their men fall-
ing fast, as we could plainly sec. Our ammunition was
failing, our men taking it from the boxes of dead and
wounded comrades. The advance of the enemy con-
tinued ; by this time they were at the bank, they mounting
it, our men mounting too, some with guns loaded, some
with bayonets fixed, some with nuiskets childbed, and
some with large rocks in their hands. (Col. Johnson in
his official rc])ort says he saw a man's skull crushed by
a rock in the hands of one of his brigade.) A short
struggle on top of the bank, and in front of the cut, and
the battle was ours! The enemy were running! and then
went up that yell that only Confederates could make!
Some men were wild with excitement, hats were ofT,
some up in the air! It was right here that Lieut. Raw-
lings, commanding F Company, was killed ! — his hat
in one hand, his sword in the other, cheering his men to
victory! ITe was struck in the head by a rifie ball, and
fell dead.

After the Hying enemy we went, through the field in
our front, to the woods on the left, through that into
the next field, where we could see our line advancing in
all directions, our artillery firing over our heads! Some
of the artillery following in the pursuit, and nearing a

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 133

hill, ran up, unlimbered, and fired rapidly through open-
ings in our advancing line, thousands of muskets fired,
the men giving the old yell ! It was one of those inspir-
ing scenes, which its actors will never forget, and made
a staunch soldier of a recruit !

We kept up the pursuit until eight or nine o'clock in
the night, when we halted, and were allowed to rest until
morning. The man, " with headquarters in the saddle,"
who " had no rear," was taught the second lesson of
Jackson's tactics. He wished now that he had a rear,
as he was putting forth all his efforts to find Washing-
ton with its fortifications, which was forty-five or fifty
miles in his rear, when we commenced our movement.

The loss in our brigade was small. Among the killed
was Lieut. Edward G. Rawlings, commanding F Com-
pany. He was as good a soldier as the war produced, a
magnificent specimen of manhood, tall and erect, over six
feet in his stockings, weighing about two hundred pounds,
with endurance in proportion to his size. I have often
heard him say he could march forever, if his feet would
not become sore. He was kind and gentle, always at his
post doing his duty.

To Jackson belongs the chief honor of Second Manas-
sas, as in the first battle of Manassas, and the position
held by the Second Brigade was one of the points on
which the enemy made many desperate and repeated as-
saults ; in all of which they were repulsed with great loss.
I saw more of their dead lying on the ground in
our front than I saw in the same space during the
war.

One of our company wrote home that he was shot all
to pieces, having twenty-seven holes shot through his
blanket. In his next letter he explained that his blanket

134 OXE OF JACKSOX'S FOOT CAVALRY

was folded, and one shot going through it, made the
twenty-seven holes !

I take i)leasure in adding my mite of praise to our
division and brigade commanders. Brig. Gen. Taliaferro,
commanding the division the first evening, was wounded.
Brig. Gen. Starke of the Louisiana Brigade succeeded
him. This was his first experience in handling a divi-
sion, but he did it with great skill; he was conspicuous
for gallantry, and seemed to be at the right spot at the
right moment! His conduct was such as to endear him
to this old command, and when he was killed at its head,
a few weeks later, many an eye was dimmed by a tear !

It was the unanimous sentiment of the Second Brigade
that they were never handled as well as they were by
Colonel Bradley T. Johnson, during this battle and the
rest of the time he was with us. His personal interest
in the men went right to their hearts, and they showed
their appreciation by obeying every order with cheerful-
ness and alacrity. .And we made him a Brigadier Gen-
eral. Here is an extract from a letter written to the
Secretary of War by Lieut. Gen. Jackson, in which he
speaks of Col. Johnson and the Second Brigade at
Second Manassas: ** The heroism with which the brig-
ade fought, and its success in battle, but brightened my
opinion of its commander."

It is not generally known that the ground occupied
by the enemy in the battle of First and Second Manassas
was almost the same. The junction of the Warrenton
pike and the Sudley road was an important point in b(^th
battles. In the first battle, they marched southward
along the Sudley road to the Stone House at the junction
of the Warrenton pike and thence moved to the South-
east. In the second battle, they marched X^orthward

OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAV-\LRY 135

along the same road to the Stone House, and from that
point Northwest. Some of their guns occupied the same
hills during both battles. In the first, firing to the South-
east, and in the second, reversing and firing to the North-
west.

THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN HARPERS FERRY AND

SHARPS BURG

The morning after the battle of Second Manassas,
the pursuit of the enemy was resumed, and continued all
day. The next mornino^, Sept. ist, Jackson advanced by
the Little River Turnpike, and about noon learned that
the enemy had made a stand near Chantily, or Ox Hill.
He immediately made arrangements to attack them.
When we were ready to advance, it commenced to rain,
lasting a short time, but coming down in torrents ! At
its height, the Yanks made an attack on us, which was as
sudden and almost as furious as the rainstorm ! We
repulsed this attack and advanced, but night came on and
put a stop to the fight, llie enemy lost two generals,
killed in this battle; one of them being Phil Kearney. It
is said that Gen. Jackson was told by one of his officers
that the rain had wet and ruined all the ammunition of
his men, and the officer desired to know what he must
do about it. Gen. Jackson replied that the rain had
ruined the enemy's, too! We lay down in our wet clothes
on the wet ground for rest, and arose early in the morn-
ing, feeling stiff and sore. We marched in ])ursuit of
the enemy a short distance, and heard that during the
night they had retreated, and sought protection in their
fortificati(jns around Washington. As night approached
we made i)reparations for a good rest, as it was the first
we had liad for a week out of sight of the enemy, and
we made good use of it, feeling the next morning like new

136

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 137

men. We started on the march early in the morning.
Soon it was passed from Hp to hp along the line that we
were going into Maryland. This created great excite-
ment among the men, and they stepped off so briskly as
to give no suggestion that these men had had only one
night's rest and none during the day, for more than a
week! At night we halted, and were allowed another
good rest. Our wagons joined us during the night, and
the next morning we were given time to cook rations,
the first that the men had cooked since Aug. 25th. It
would have done one good to sit down by one of the
fires and watch the men! As one '* spider " of biscuits
and one frying pan of meat was cooked, it was immedi-
ately divided and eaten, then another was cooked and
eaten, most of the rations for the twenty-four hours
being thus disposed of. After the cooking was done and
wagons were loaded, we resumed our march, and halted
at night in the neighborhood of Leesburg. The next
morning, Sept. 5th, we marched again, and about 9 or
10 o'clock in the morning the Second Brigade reached
the Potomac river, and forded it at White's Ford, with
great enthusiasm, — bands playing, men singing and
cheering! Reaching Maryland, we marched up the tow
path of the Washington Canal a short distance to the
locks, where we crossed the canal on a bridge, then took
a road and continued our march until night ; camping in
the neighborhood of the Three Springs, resuming the
march the next morning. The Second Brigade, Col.
Bradley T. Johnson commanding, was given the advance
of the army, and late in the evening we came to the Bal-
timore & Ohio R. R. depot near Frederick City, and saw
several cars loaded with watermelons. The men broke
ranks as they passed and many secured a melon, and hur-

1 38 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

ricd back to his place. Soon afterwards we entered
Frederick City, many of the men having watermelons in
their arms. We marched to the Fair Grounds, which
had been fitted up as a large hospital for the enemy. Our
brigade stacked arms, and were told to make themselves
comfortable for the night. A guard was placed around
our camp, in order to prevent the men from straggling
through the town. A friend and I succeeded in ])assing
the guard, and took a stroll through the town. We were
invited into several houses and entertained handsomely
at supper, eating enough for half a dozen men. After
being absent for some time, we returned to our quarters.
Reaching my company I was told to report to brigade
headquarters at once. I thought something terrible was
to pay now, did not know whether I was to be shot or
sent to prison, but I knew something was to be done with
me. I was soon ready, found headquarters, and reported
to the adjutant general. Fie greeted me cheerfully, and
told me to go at once to the enemy's hospital, ask for
the surgeon in charge, get a list from him of the names
of all the inmates, and write a parole for each, according
to a copy he furnished me. He said the surgeon in charge
would give me all the information wanted, and render
me any assistance that was needed.

I went back to my company with a light heart, made
disposition of my gun and amnumition, and took my bag-
gage with me. I will take occasion to tell what that
consisted of, and at same time will say that it was rather
al)(jve the a\ erage in our army, as to quality as well as
quantity. I had a very good oilcloth haversack to carry
my rations in, a tin cuj), a splendid rubber cloth, a blanket,
a pair of jeans drawers, and a pair of woolen socks; every
article captured from the enemy! The socks and

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 139

drawers were placed in the blanket, the blanket was rolled
up with the rubber cloth on the outside, the ends drawn
together and fastened with a short strap. To carry this
we put it over the head and let it hang from the shoulder.
Thus equipped, I reported to the surgeon. He treated
me very politely, gave me a list of about seven hundred
men who were in the hospital, conducted me into one of
the dining-rooms, gave me a lamp, pen, ink, and paper,
and told me to use one of the tables. He thought it the
best place, because I would have plenty of room, and no
one to disturb me. I cleaned the table and prepared for
action, sat down and commenced to write at once. I
tell you it was a job, as I had to write every word of the
paroles for those men in duplicate, one for the prisoner
and one for us. I wrote until about twelve at night,
when the doctor came in and brought me a nice lunch.
He sat down, and we had a pleasant talk for about an
hour, he leaving and I continuing my writing until nearly
day, when I lay down on one of the benches, and had a
good nap. I arose, went to the pump, washed myself,
looked up my company, had a little chat with them, and
went back to my dining-room, keeping at my work until
it was finished, the doctor sending me my meals. After
I had finished, I reported at headquarters to the adjutant
general, who told me to stay there, that I was wanted for
special duty, as Col. Johnson was in command of the
town, and had the Second Brigade on guard duty. I
stayed at headquarters until Sept. loth, when Jackson's
corps left the city, taking the road to Hagerstown, and
camping that night near Boonsboro.

I was marching at the head of the column, and reach-
ing Boonsboro the next morning, saw the advance cavalry
enter and pass through the village. Gen. Jackson fol-

140 ONE OF JACKSOX'S FOOT CAVALRY

lowed a short distance after them, and at a house near
the corner of a cross street, dismounted, and tying his
horse, entered the house, lie had hardly entered the
house before a body of cavalry charged through the vil-
lage on the cross street, in full sight of the head of our
column. When we reached the village, we learned that
they were a body of Yanks, who had made a dash through
our line. This was a narrow escape for Jackson, as he
surely would have been captured if he had ridden on, or
delayed his going into the house! The god of battle
took care of him; it was not destined that the Yanks
should get him !

\Ve turned to the left and marched to \\^illiamsport,
crossing the Potomac into Virginia. I made a big spec-
ulation at W'illiamsport ; my messmates asked me to get
some soda, as we needed it to make our biscuits. I went
to a drug store to get it, asked the salesman for a pound,
and the price was only eight cents. I gave him a Con-
federate note, which he took without hesitation, and gave
me change. I then asked what he would sell a keg for;
his reply, six cents per pound. I paid him at once, shoul-
dered the keg, one hundred and twenty pounds, carried
it to the river, where I induced a wagon to carry it to
camp for me. I sold it that night for twenty-five cents
per pound ! W'e marched to the neighborhood of North
Mountain depot on the P>. c^ O. R. R.. and camped for
the night.

The next morning we continued our march, passing
through Martinsburg, where we cai)tured from the enemy
a good lot of stores, they retreating to Harper's Ferry,
and we going into camp for the night not far from Mar-
tinsburg.

In the morning we marched to Harper's Ferry, where

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 141

the enemy were fortified, and were awaiting us. We
skirmished some, driving the enemy in, and locating their
position, we rested in our places for the night, and the
next morning a line of battle was formed, Jackson's di-
vision on the left, its left resting on the Potomac river,
Ewell's division next, and A. P. Hill's on the right, and
their right resting on the Shenandoah river. Our skir-
mishers drove those of the enemy all along the line, and
the artillery from each side commenced firing. We were
joined in the afternoon by artillery from Maryland and
Shenandoah Heights, and learned, through this, that we
had help from McLaws, who occupied the former, and
V,^alker the latter position. Both of these commands
were sending shot into the doomed enemy. Firing was
kept up in this way until late in the evening, when we
made several attacks on different positions of the enemy,
capturing them, gaining much advantage, and bringing
our line closer to their fortifications. Night coming on,
we rested in our places. Early the next morning the guns
all along our line opened, and the infantry was preparing
for a general charge, when the white flag was seen in
several places along the enemy's fortifications. In a
little while firing ceased and soon after it was announced
that the enemy had surrendered !

Some of the headquarters folks had offered to feed a
horse for me, if I w^ould get one. My opportunity had
come. Making my way to the fortifications, I clambered
over them, saw the Yankees had stacked their arms, and
were parking their artillery and wagons. I was sur-
rounded at once and plied with all kinds of questions as
to what Jackson would do with them. Since I did not
know anything about the terms of surrender, I could
tell them nothing. I took a Colt's army pistol from one

142 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

of llicni, and buckling it around my waist, went on my
way looking for a horse. McLaws had not ceased firing;
every now and then a shot from his guns would drop near
me. A Yankee major rode up to me and in a very rough
manner wanted to know ** why your people kept firing
on us, after we had surrendered? " I told him very po-
litely to ask Gen. Jackson. I approached a line of tents
that looked as if they were abandoned; going among
these, I was delighted by the sight of as fine a horse with
equipment as I had ever seen. He was tied to a stake
near a tent, and my heart fairly leaped to my throat as
I went to him, untied and mounted him! As I started off
a Yankee colonel came from a tent, spoke to me very po-
litely, and intjuired what I intended to do with his horse.
1 replied that I was very much obliged to him and would
take good care of him for Harper's Ferry's sake. He
asked me to stop, which I did. and he came forward and
told me that probably I did not know the terms of the
surrender ; then he told me that Gen. Jackson had al-
lowed the officers to retain their arms, horses, equipments
and private baggage, and added that he had no fear of
my taking his horse after learning the terms. I sadly
turned the horse's head toward the stake, rode him to it,
and fastened him. The colonel invited me into his tent to
take a lunch, as he called it, which was a big dinner for
an old Confederate; he also i)laced several bottles on the
table, from which I might help myself. T disliked the
losing of the horse, but could ncjt lake him after the
terms were made known to me; indeed, the behavior of
the officer .so impressed me. that it would have saved the
horse to him. if the terms had not been known!

I walked around and looked at the long lines of stacked
muskets, the park of artillery and wagons, gave up my

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 143

notion of a horse, and soon wended my way back to our
line over the route I had come. While I was inside of
the enemy's fortification, I did not see a Confederate.
We captured over eleven thousand prisoners, seventy-
two pieces of artillery with caissons, horses, etc., about
ten thousand muskets, several hundred wagons with
mules, and a large cjuantity of stores. Gen. A. P. Hill
and his division attended to the surrender. Jackson's
and Ewell's divisions were withdrawn from the line, and,
stacking arms, were allowed to rest. In the afternoon
we were ordered to cook rations, and be ready to move
as soon as possible; and, as night approached, w^e were
under arms and marched, taking the road to Shepherds-
town.

SIIARPSBURG

Jackson's division marched all night, passed through
Shepherd stown the next morning, and forded the Poto-
mac at Boteler's Ford, a little below the town. We were
in Alaryland the second time. INIarching a short distance
from the river, we came to the town of Sharpsburg, and
passing through it, marched about a mile, halted near the
Tunker or Dunkard church, stacked arms, and were told
that we could rest. We remained there several hours
and were much refreshed. We marched up the Hagers-
town road about half a mile, when, in passing through
a field, we were heavily assailed by shot and shell from
the enemy. We marched a short distance and formed a
line of battle; Jackson's division occupied the left of our
line of battle, and was formed in two lines on the left
or west of the Plagerstown road, and at nearly right
angles to the road. The Second and Stonewall Brigades
were formed in the front line, in a field, the Stonewall

144 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

Brigade resting on the Ilagcrstown road and connecting
with Ewell's division, the Hne under the command of
Lt. Col. A. J. Grigsby of the Stonewall Brigade. Starke's
and the Third Brigade were formed in a wood about two
or three hundred yards in our rear, and were commanded
by Brig. Gen. Starke. We had been in position only a
short time, when the enemy opened a heavy fire on us
from guns in front and on our right. This was contin-
ued until late in the niglit. We went to sleep in line!
On the morning of the 17th we saw that McClellan
had decidedly the advantage in position. His artillery
in our front was on higher ground, and on the right his
guns on high hills beyond the Antietam could enfilarle
us, and farther up the mountain side we saw his signal
flags at work. They seemed to overlook our entire
line. We were not allowed to make much of an obser-
vation before the enemy's shells dropped in our midst
from batteries in front and flank, and this soon became
the fiercest artillery fire of the war. It seemed that the
air was alive with shells! This fire continued a short
time, when their infantry in dense masses attacked us.
After stubl)orn fighting, they were driven back with
heavy loss, and the artillery commenced again, a fiercer
fusilade than before! Gen. Jones, commanding the di-
vision, left the field on account of injuries received from
this fire! Brig. Gen. Starke, our commander in battle
of Second Manassas, assumed command of the division,
and ordered a charge by the entire division, which was
promptly obeyed ; and while he was leading the division,
received three musket balls, and fell dead! We retired
to a lane on the edge of the field, where the fighting was
terrific! We were finally forced back by overwhelming
numbers into the woods, and here succeeded in driving

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 145

the enemy back; we finally retired through the woods
into a field, and were allowed by the enemy to rest a
short time.

Old F Company had reached low water mark! After
Second Manassas there were only three men to answer
roll call, — Malcolm L. Hudgins, Reuben J. Jordan, and
John H. Worsham. As we had no officer, we were or-
dered to report to Capt. Page of Company D, and when
we did so, he called us young gentlemen, and told us we
might march and camp anywhere we chose in the regi-
ment, reporting to him once daily, and in the event of a
fight, reporting at once; and ended by saying we might
call the roll as often as we chose ! This gallant and good
man had to pay the penalty of commanding F Company,
losing a leg in this battle. We were known during the
Maryland campaign as the guerrillas of the 21st. At
Harper's Ferry the company had Hudgins and Jordan
to stand up for them, and at Sharpsburg Hudgins got
sick, and Jordan was the only man with the company in
tliat terrible battle. By a singular circumstance, Jordan
was detailed as a skirmisher, sent out to the front and,
when the line was deployed, was on the left of that line,
and was the soldier that held the left of Gen. Lee's line
of battle. His position was on the edge of a wood, and
when the line on his right in the field was driven back,
Jordan gathered a few of his comrades from the right,
and held back the line until he found he was outflanked
on his left; and that the enemy's line was far in his
rear. He made a run for safety, going back to our line
of battle, and found that it had retired, and that he and
his few comrades had been left! Hurrah for Jordan!
Hurrah for F Company ! in having such a representative !
He passed along the lane and saw the great slaughter

146 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

of friend and foe, then to the woods and through them to
a field. Here he noticed a body of men in the
field to his right, but kept on until he reached the other
side of the field where he found Gen. Jackson and staff.
Inquiring of one of the staff for his division, he was told
that the body of men he had passed was the remnant.

At this moment Jackson was in the most critical posi-
tion of his military career! His entire line had been
driven back beyond the Dunkard church, and they were
holding on now by a mere thread, but succor was at hand !
Brig. Gen. Early with his brigade which liad been de-
tached to assist Gen. J. E. B. Stuart's cavalry on the ex-
treme left, arrived, and McLaws' division was expected
every minute !

Jordan, who had been retracing his steps in order to
get to his command, now saw the first brigade of Mc-
Laws arrive on the field, and heard the commanding of-
ficer give his sharp command, *' On the right by file into
line! Double quick! March!" In a run and under
fire the line was formed. Jordan stopped long enough
to inquire who they were and to see the line grow every
moment, and then hurried to his command with the good
news. Arriving, he saw Gen. Early and Col. Grigsby,
commander of our division, in consultation. It is said
that Early directed Grigsby with his division to make an
attack on the enemy who were again advancing with a
large force. That lie would take his brigade to the left,
pass swiftly around the brow of a hill and attack the
enemy in flank and rear. This attack was a great suc-
cess, in which McLaws' troops joined, and the enemy
were driven back at this point with great slaughter!

Old Jack, who had !>een riding along his line, got his
mettle up with this success, and ordered an advance along

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 147

his entire line; the men repHed with the old yell, and the
bayonet! The enemy were hurriedly driven out of the
woods and across the Hagerstown road; and Jackson's
old line was reestablished. The firing soon was confined
to that of the sharpshooters; the enemy having suffered
so much that they made no more attacks on Jackson's
line.

Oh, for a few more men! With one good division
we could have routed the enemy ; but alas ! Gen. Lee had
fought every man he had, except one division on his
right! This was soon attacked and driven back, but A.
P. Hill, who had just marched upon the field from Har-
per's Ferry, seeing the situation, wheeled his division into
line, and attacked the enemy with such vigor that they
were driven across the Antietam !

At night we lay down on our arms, and the next morn-
ing were up bright and early, expecting a renewal of the
battle, but the enemy were badly whipped, and did not
make any demonstration during the day. The skirmish
fire, which was feeble, and occasionally a shelling from
his far off guns, were all he attempted.

The loss in Jackson's command was larger, in propor-
tion to the men he had engaged, than in any battle he
fought during the war.

Col. Penn, commanding the Second Brigade, lost a leg;
Capt. Page of the 2Tst Va. Regt., commanding the
skirmishers of the brigade, lost a leg also; men and of-
ficers were killed and wounded by hundreds ! Our bri-
gade came out of the fight in command of Lieut. John
A. Booker, of the 21st Va. Regt., and the division under
command of Lieut. Col. Grigsby. It was no larger than
a good regiment!

The little Tunker or Dunkard church, situated in

148 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

the nice grove on the Ilag^erstown road, had become fa-
mous. Around this church some of the fiercest flight-
ing of the war had just taken place. Dead and wounded
men lay in sight of it l)y thousands.

During the night of the i8th we marched from our
position towards the Potomac river, which all of Lee's
army forded into \^irginia, my brigade crossing after
sunrise on the morning of the 19th.

Adl our army crossed in safety, and without molesta-
tion. The enemy, however, attempted to follow us on
the 20th. After a corps had crossed, Gen. Jackson or-
dered A. P. Hill to attack them, and drive them back.
I^ill attacked with his division and drove them back with
great slaughter; driving them into the river, where most
of them were drowned, very few reaching the Maryland
shore. This ended the ]\Iaryland campaign.

XVI

FREDERICKSBURG

After leaving Maryland, Jackson's Corps marched to
the neighborhood of Martinsburg; here they were busy
several days in the work of destroying the B. & O. R. R.,
tearing up the track for about forty miles. We took
up the rails, laid them aside, pulled up and stacked the ties,
then set them on fire, and placed the rails on them. When
the rails became hot they bent. Whenever there were
trees or telegraph poles convenient, we twisted the rails
around them, w^hile they were hot in the center, which
could easily be done.

We stayed several weeks in the lower valley, mostly
in Jefferson County, every few days moving our camp ;
sometimes because of an alarm from the enemy, some-
times merely to be in a fresh place. Gen. Jackson did
not allow his men to camp in one place too long. New
camps were more healthy, in consequence of which, we
rarely stayed two weeks in the same place. It was very
easy for the men to move, because by this time we had
learned to live without tents. The only shelter the men
had was oil or rubber cloths and cotton flies. The latter
were pieces of cotton about four by six feet in size,
hemmed around the borders. Button holes were worked
around these borders and buttons sewed on at certain
places ; they were so arranged that three of them buttoned
together made a very comfortable shelter for three men.
We were dependent on the Yankees for them, as I never
heard of our quartermaster issuing any. The men who

149

150 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

could not get these, made a '' shebang," by putting two
forked stieks in the ground, ab(3ut six feet apart, laying
a pole in the forks, placing bushes with one end on the
ground, the other inclined to the pole, enclosing in this
way one side and the ends, and leaving the other side
open. This would accommodate three or four men.
The men with care could make them impervious to rain.
They were very comfortable in warm weather. In mov-
ing, all that was needed was to roll up our tly or oilcloth
and take it with us, put our small lot of cooking uten-
sils in the wagons, put on our accouterments, and take
arms. Then we were ready for a march to another
camp, or to meet the enemy.

While we were in one of these camps, one evening at
regimental dress parade, one of the soldiers was con-
ducted under guard along the front of the regiment with
a large placard attached to him, on which " Thief " was
written, two soldiers marching behind him with guns at
charge bayonet ! This was the first and only man I saw
punished in that way during the war. We punishetl
some by making them ride a wooden horse, by standing
on a stump, or by putting a barrel over them, with the
inscription on it, showing what they had been guilty
of.

On Nov. 2 1st we took u]) our march to join Gen. Lee
at bVedericksburg, it being reported that he thought he
would soon need us. We marched up the valley pike,
to New Market, left the valley pike, crossed tlie Massa-
nutta Mountain, and crossed the lUue Ridge at
Fisher's Gap. My brigade was in front while
we were crossing the Blue Ridge, and we enjoyed one of
the most inspiring views I saw during the war. It is said
that the road leading over the mountain at this gap is

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 151

six miles long from the valley to the top, and seven miles
from the top to the foot in Madison County. Near the
top, as we were marching, there was a large rock on the
side of the road. Stepping on this rock, and looking
back and down the road, we could see six lines of our
army; in one place infantry, in another artillery, in an-
other ambulances and wagons. Some seemed to be com-
ing towards us, some going to the right, some to the left,
and some going away from us. They were all, however,
climbing the winding mountain road, and following us.
We passed Madison C. FL, Orange C. H., through the
Wilderness and by Chancellorsville, — which became fa-
mous and full of grief before we left it ! — and on to the
neighborhood of Guinea's Station on the R. F. & P. R.
R. There we went into camp on Dec. 2d, having
marched from fifteen to twenty-three miles each day since
we left Winchester.

Winter had come, and many of the men were shoeless.
They could not obtain them, and finally orders were is-
sued in Jackson's division, that the men should get the
hides of the cattle we daily killed, and make moccasins
of them. It became such a serious matter that a list of
shoemakers in the division was made, a member of F
Company was sent to Richmond to get leather, etc., in
order to enable these men to make shoes in camp for their
comrades! This man went to Richmond, attending to
his orders, and on the morning of Dec. nth read a tele-
gram that the enemy, now under Gen. Burnside, were
crossing at Fredericksburg. He, at once, went to the
Provost Marshal's ofifice to get a pass to leave the city
(no one could leave without this permission) by the first
train, but was told that he must report to Sergeant Crow,
who would carry him up under guard, and turn him over

152 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

to his proper command. This indignity he did not in-
tend to submit to, and so informed the officer, explaining
to him how he was sent to Richmond, and showing him
his papers, lie did not ask for transportation, as he
was wilhng to pay his railroad fare; he only wanted the
necessary permission to leave the city, in order to join
his command and take his post in the expected battle !
The only answer he received was, " You must report to
Sergeant Crow." He left, and went back three times
during the day, with hope that he would find another man
in command, who would be more civil and accommodat-
ing; but without success. The next morning he went
again very early, and one of the men there threatened
to take him into custody; but he left very quickly. He
returned about an hour later, when an old comrade, who
had witnessed the way in which his friend was treated
the day before, quietly slipped a pass into his hand. This
comrade was an old member of our regiment, who had
lost a leg in battle, when he was with us, and was at this
time employed in the provost office. This is mentioned
to show how far red tape goes!

Going at once to the depot, he boarded a train that was
pulling out. and reached Guinea's about one or two
o'clock on the 12th. Making inquiries, he learned that
Jackson's cori)s had gone to the front, and after tiresome
walking found his command at Hamilton's Crossing,
awaiting orders to take its place in line of battle. On
the morning of Dec. 13th, Jackson's division was assigned
to Jackson's second line of battle and was lying down
on the ground, awaiting the movements of the enemy.
Gen. Jackson soon made his ai)pcarance along the line
with a cavalcade of officers following him. He was
dressed in a brand-new uniform, with the usual gold

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 153

lace trimmings for a lieutenant general. He even had
exchanged the old gray cap for a new bespangled one,
and looked so unlike our '^ Old Jack " that very few
noticed him, and none recognized him until after he had
passed. Then the old accustomed cheer to him went up
with unusual vigor ! About ten o'clock the fog lifted, and
the cannonading from the enemy commenced ; it was aw-
fully terrific, as, it is said, they had two hundred and
fifty or three hundred guns, sending shot and shell at
us! Soon afterwards the Yankees in our front made
their advance. We were in the woods on a slight hill,
that overlooked an immense open field. The number of
the enemy visible to us gave the impression that the
whole of the Yankee army was in our front ! A battery
to our right and front was pouring shot and shell into
them as they advanced. We learned after the fight that
it was Pelham's! What a grand and heroic stand he
maintained during the battle! Jackson's artillery was
posted along our front, but did not fire a shot at the ad-
vancing lines until they got within easy range, when all
of it opened at once, and sent its hail of iron into the
dense masses, making them stagger, then stop, and then
retreat to a road, where they were protected by its banks
and fences! An hour or so afterwards they made an-
other advance, and this time with so much determination
that they broke the first of our lines, and commenced the
advance more vigorously; when our second line was or-
dered forward, and charged! After some stubborn
fighting at several points, they were driven back along
their entire line with great loss. They continued their
retreat to the road and river bank. Their skirmishers
and batteries kept up a fire during the whole day.

A splendid line of breastworks had been made around

154 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

Marye's liill, extending along the line of Generals Hill
and I^ngstreet. They did not extend as far east as the
position occupied by Jackson during the battle of Fred-
ericksburg on Dec. 13. The fight in Jackson's front
was a regular stand-up one ; the only protection we had
was such as the woods afforded. As evening advanced,
Jackson arranged his lines ; the second brigade occupy-
ing the railroad in the first line of battle. Here we
awaited the expected advance of the enemy, and only
wished they would come. Skirmish fire and fire from
their far guns was kept up at intervals during the 14th.
The next day the enemy asked permission to look after
their wounded, who were in the field in Jackson's front.
This was granted, and the pickets or sharpshooters of
each army ceased firing, and entered into friendly con-
verse, traded tobacco, coft'ee, and sugar. Night ap-
proached, and put a stop to this; and each man took his
place in line, ready to shoot the man in his front on
sight ! The next morning we learned lliat the enemy had
taken advantage of the night, and had crossed the Rappa-
hannock. The fight on the left of Lee's line, at Marye's
Hill, had been terrific, and the enemy had been slaugh-
tered by thousands. The loss in Jackson's corps was not
large, Brig. Gen. Gregg being amongst the kille<l. There
was a larger number uf cannon used in this battle tlian in
any previous battle, the situation being such as to give
them fine positions.

XVII

WINTER QUARTERS 1 862-3

On Dec. ly Jackson's Corps left the battle field of
Fredericksburg, and marched down the Rappahannock
river to be better located for protection against the
weather and observation of the enemy. About this time
the First Va., or Irish Battalion, was detached from our
brigade and made provost guard for the Army of North-
ern Virginia, and the 44th and 50th Va. regiments were
added to our brigade.

About Jan. ist, 1863, Maj. Gen. J. R. Trimble was as-
signed to the command of Jackson's division. He re-
mained with us until about March ist, when he was or-
dered to another command. About this time Brig. Gen.
J. R. Jones left the Second Brigade.

Jackson's division went into camp at Moss Neck, where
we made our winter quarters. These were huts made of
any material that could be gotten, and in any way the
architect of the party thought best. The greater number
were of logs. A few men had tents. The men soon
made themselves very comfortable. A large picket was
required along the river, which was several miles from
our camp ; a brigade was sent, staying there several days.
The picket guard was sent to the front from the brigade
by companies, and, as each company arrived at its des-
tination, it was divided into squads. These squads sta-
tioned themselves near the picket post, erected a shelter
of cloth, brush, etc., built a fire in front of the shelter,
and tried to be comfortable while not on duty as sentinels

155

156 ONE OF JACKSOX'S FOOT CAVALRY

on the picket line. But in snow and cold rains, the
weather tried men's souls ! While they were on this out-
post picket duty, a soldier's nerves, too, were tried ! Far
to the front he stood on his lonely beat, only occasionally
moving because he feared he nli^ht attract the attention
of the enemy's sentinel on similar duty, who might shoot
him from a distance, or creep up later and shoot him !

A party of the enemy may steal up on him, and take
him prisoner! Knowledge of this created an uneasy feel-
ing tliat could not be gotten rid of, and the man on out-
post guard was uneasy until he was again in camp with
his comrades !

Occasionally some of the men went down to the river's
tdge, and had a talk with the Yanks on the other side.
Sometimes a little boat was made of bark or a piece of
rail, which, with the assistance of the wind and tide, now
and then crossed to the other shore ; and in this manner
papers and tobacco were exchanged.

After getting back to camp, the brigade had its daily
drills, camp guard duty, inspections, etc. The daily roll
calls and co(A'ing left very little idle time for the Confed-
erate soldier. Notwithstanding this, one could always
hear someone singing, laughing, whistling, or in some
way indicating that the camp was not dead. We indulged
in games of all kinds, ball, marbles, drafts, chess, cards,
etc., and when the snow was on the ground wc had great
fun snowballing! T have seen several times more than
twenty-five hnn(h'e(l men engaged in a game of snow-
ball!

No one who has imi had the experience, knows what
a soldier undergoes on a march. We start off on a march
some beautiful morning in spring, at midday slight clouds
are seen floating about, which thicken with the appear-

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 157

ance of a heavy storm soon to come; the instinct of
home comes over us, and, instead of the merry chatter
of the morning, stillness pervades the ranks. Each man
is thinking of home and some place to shelter himself
from the storm. The command, '' Close up ! " awakens
him from his reverie, and he is made to think of his
place in ranks. A flash of lightning and a loud peal of
thunder, causes him to realize his position all the more,
and now the rain commences and soon pours down !
Poor fellow! he pulls down his hat, buttons up his jacket,
pulls up his collar, and tries to protect his gun. In a
short while he feels the water running down his arms
and legs, but he is defiant yet, and the same good old
Confederate! Now the water is slowly feeling its way
down his back, and, as it gradually covers him, the cour-
age goes out, and when his back gets completely wet, he",
for a few minutes, forgets that he is a Confederate sol-
dier! The thought only lasts a few minutes, and the
storm within him breaks loose, resulting in his cursing
the Confederacy, the generals, and everything in the
army, and even himself! Then, with a new inspiration,
he commences on the Yankees, is himself carried away,
and is once more the good old Confederate soldier, march-
ing along at a brisk rate, in the pelting rain! He is all
right now, conversation commences, and when he reaches
camp he builds his fire, and has something to eat. It
makes very little difference, when he lies down to rest,
w^hether it is raining or not !

We went through equal trials in very dusty marches;
when our eyes, our noses, our mouths, our ears, and, in
fact, our w^hole person became soiled with dirt, and dust
finding its way all over one. Besides, we had muddy
days to march in! We soon got our shoes full, our

158 ONE OF JACKSOX'S FOOT CAVALRY

pants wet to the knees, and some comrade, stepping into
a mud hole, would throw it all over one! Ask Tom
Ellett w^hat he thinks of marching in the mud, and be
sure to do so when he is in a good humor! Then think
of the marches in hot weather, when we became so hot
and tired that we could hardly put one foot before
the other, but on we went, the word, " Close up! " being
always in our ears ! In winter, too, amid sleet and snow,
and sometimes when it was so cold that with an overcoat
on we could not keep warm, indeed, any season, makes
no difference to the soldier; when he is ordered to fall in,
he takes his place in ranks, ready to face whatever may

come

At the commencement of the war. soon after starting
on a march we were given the route step, on passing
a village or town we were called to attention, and
marched through with military precision ; but towards
the close of the war, we generally kept the route step
throughout the march, as all had learned that the men
got along so much better and could march much farther,
by being allowed to carry their guns as they chose, and
take their natural step.

One thing the government managed well, and that
was the mail for the soldiers. In my brigade we had
a man who was the mail carrier, the government furnish-
ing a horse for this purpose. The letters written by the
soldiers were delivered at regimental headf|uarters. where
our carrier came for them, taking all that were handed
him by the soldiers, too, whence he would start for the
nearest post office at some depot (^r village. There he
delivered his mail, and if he found there any mail di-
rected to the men of his command, he brought it to us
at once. If there were none, he would go to the next

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 159

place, and to the next, until he found it; and brought
it to us. His arrival was a great event in camp. Be-
cause he had no regular hour for returning, some of the
men were always on the lookout for him, both day and
night, and heralded his coming. On his arrival, there
was a gathering of men from each company at regimental
headquarters, w^ho got their company's mail, took it to
company's quarters, looked over it, and called out the
names of the men to whom it was addressed. It made
no difference as to hour, whether it was day, or one or
two o'clock at night, when a man's name was called for
a letter, he was generally on hand to get it in person,
unless on duty. It was interesting to watch those fel-
lows as they gathered for their mail. Those who re-
ceived letters went off with radiant countenances, and, if
it was night, each built a fire to himself, for light, and,
sitting down on the ground, read his letter over and over ;
while those unfortunates wdio got none, went off looking
as if they had not a friend on earth! In the beginning
of the war, postage was not required to be prepaid on
letters from soldiers in the field, the postage being col-
lected on the delivery of the mail. In directing the letter
to soldiers it was only necessary to write name, company,
regiment, brigade, division and command. This was
the rule in Jackson's command, and I suppose in the
army generally. There was no post of^ce or location
mentioned, because we moved about so much our post
ofifice was continually changing. Notwithstanding this
roundabout way for letters to travel, I never heard of
one being lost either going to or from the army! Reg-
ularly sometimes for two or three weeks, we would re-
ceive a mail daily, then it would be several days, and
sometimes a week before another came, but the letters

i6o OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

always liirned up. If the carrier overtook us while we
were on a march, the mail was distributed and collected.
I have seen it delivered in this way just before a battle.
It is surprising^ how the Confederacy got along with
such a small variety of medicines, which consisted, in the
field, almo.st entirely of blue powders, one kind of pills,
and quinine. Go with me to the ** sick or doctor's call,"
this morning. Reaching the surgeon's quarters, the
sick were lined up, and the surgeon with the hospital
steward passed along. The first man accosted was asked,
*' What is the matter with you? " The answer is some-
thing like this: *' I don't know, doctor, but I have a
terrible misery here," designating the locality by placing
his hands on his stomach. " Put out your tongue," says
the doctor. After an examination, the doctor says to
Blunt, the hospital steward of my regiment, ** Give him
a blue powder." Hie next is examined in about the
same manner, with instructions to Blunt to give him two
pills; the next is given lo grains of quinine. Then the
treatment is varied by giving to the next one pill and
5 grains of quinine, to the next a blue pcnvder and qui-
nine, the treatment varying as the supply of pills, blue
powder and quinine holds out. Occasionally .some fa-
vored one was given a gill of whiskey; nearly every man
thereafter developed the same symptoms! IVobably one
of the men has an aching tooth; the doctor tells him
to take a seat on some log near by, that he will make an
examination presently. 11ie ])oor fellow seats him-
.self and waits his turn. When the doctor comes to
him. he looks his mouth over and says, ** It must come
out," goes to his tent, gets a ]).'iir of f(orcej)S. and. on his
return, straddles the log, inserts the instrument in the
man's mouth, takes holds of a tooth, and by main

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY i6i

strength, after a lengthy struggle, succeeds in pulling an
excellent tooth ! — but he cures the ache.

This was about the daily routine in camp, and it was
surprising how many cures were effected with this limited
supply of medicines. The surgeon and hospital stew-
ard of my regiment were always kind and considerate to
the sick, and did all in their power for them. I will men-
tion the treatment used on the first man of my company,
whom I saw after he was wounded. The surgeon gave
the nurse a bottle of whiskey, with instructions to put
a spoonful in the water used, each time he dressed the
wound.

Old '' F " Company of Richmond had become so
small, that the three or four men with it were ordered,
in January, 1863, to Camp Lee, Richmond, to recruit.
They enlisted a few men as soon as they reached the
camp, and commenced squad drill ; and subsequently,
company drill, as soon as they enlisted enough to call it
a company, entering upon camp guard duty, policing,
and other duties at once. The old members of the com-
pany did all in their power to make efficient soldiers of
the recruits, who were conscripts of boyhood and mid-
dle age and some old substitutes. On June 21st we
received orders to get ready to leave Camp Lee the next
day, to join our regiment which was with Lee's army.

All the old members were allowed to go into the city
to bid family and friends good-by, and to take a last
look at some bright eyes, it somehow taking longer to
bid that pair of eyes farewell than it did to take leave
of a whole family. This consumed the larger part of
the day; the remainder we diligently devoted to prepa-
rations for moving promptly the next morning. As night
came on, instead of going to bed, each man stole off

i62 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

quietly to the city to look once again into those eyes
to which he had already bidden farewell, returnini^ in
time to get a short nap before day. After breakfast
we marched out of Camp Lee to the Central depot,
where we took the cars for Staunton.

The following are the names of the members of F
Company who left for Staunton, June 2j, 1863:

* Captain, William A. Peg-

ram.

* Second Lieut., Reuben J.

Jordan.

* Jr. Second Lieut., Mal-

colm L. Iludgins.

* First Sergeant, William

S. Archer.
*Second Sergeant, John II.
Worshani.

* Third Sergeant, J. Por-

ter Wren.

Fourth Sergeant, T. Walk-
er.

First Corporal, E. Gould-
man.

Second Corporal, W. C.
Tincy.

Third Corporal, George J.
Floyd.

Fourth Corporal, Henry F.
Munt.

Anderson. Joseph II.
P>arbcr, N.
Bates, W.

Bowe, IT. C.
Brown, A. D.
Brown, A. H.
I'rown, George W.
Brown, Henry.
P>rown, lames R.
Callis, G.
Coleman. N.
Couch, J. M.
Cumbia, W. S.
Dillard, R. H.
Divers, W. II.
Dowdy, Nathaniel A.
Fox, Henry C.
Gentry, M. G.
Griffin, J.
Hawkins, L. A.
Houston. George W.
Johnston, J. W.
Kayton, P. W.
Kidd, J. A.
Mason. J. M.
Merriman, J. T.
Nance, J. L.
Richeson. P. S.
Richeson, William R.

♦ Old members.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 163

Rutledge, William. Soles, R D.

Searles, S. Traimim, C.

Seay, M. Tyree, William C.

Simpson, F. J. Wallace, R. H.

Smith, J. T. Wilkins, J. M.

Smith, Thomas. Wood, S. E.

We were joined afterwards by a few of the old mem-
bers and the following new ones :

Bates, Edward. Seay, W. C.

Legg, A. C. Smith, Henry.

And W. E. Cumbie, who was transferred to our com-
pany from the 24th Va. Battalion in exchange for R.
H. Wallace.

During the summer of 1862, Col. John M. Patton of
the 2 1st Regt. had been transferred to Maj. Gen. An-
derson's division of Longstreet's corps. Lt.-Col. Cun-
ningham had been killed, and during the fall Major John
B. Moseley left the regiment. This left the regiment
without a field officer. W^hile the regiment was in camp
at Moss Neck, the following appointments were made
to fill vacancies :

William A. Witcher, Col- William P. Moseley, Ma-

onel. jor.

William R. Berkeley, Lt.

Col.

Lt.-Col. Berkeley remained with the regiment only a
short time, when Major W^illiam P. Moseley was made
lieutenant-colonel, and A. D. Kelley, major. Those
three remained with the regiment until the surrender.

XVIII

LIEUT.-GEN. JACKSON

The battle of Chancellorsville was fought May 2(1,
1863. Gen. Jackson's great flank movement against
Hooker was managed with skill and success. Jackson
was wounded and unfortunately by his own men, and
died on the lOth, in the height of his fame. It was soon
known in the army of Northern Virginia. The men of
his old division were prostrated with grief, nearly every
man in it sheddinsr tears.

Gen. Lee's conduct when he heard of the wounding
of Jackson and afterwards at his death, caused the old
division to love him more than ever. What a loss to
the Confederacy. What a loss to tlie army of Northern
Virginia, and to Lee, its commander, who said he had
" lost his right arm," and what a loss to his corps.
Never more will his sword flash in the enemy's rear, nor
will he see his banner floating in one of his fierce at-
tacks on their flank, nor will he hear the wild cheers of
his men as they drive everything before them. In my
humble opinion, the army never recovered from the loss
of Jackson.

There was something about Jackson that always at-
tracted his men. It must have been faitli. He was the
idol of his old soldiers, and they would follow him any-
where; the very sight of him was the signal for cheers.
It made no difference where he was, in camp, on the
battlefield, or on a march, when the men were so thor-
oughly used up that they could hardly put one foot

164

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 165

before the other, or they were lying down resting on
the roadside, when he came riding by each man jumped
to his feet, pulled off his hat and cheered him. This
was always done with one exception. While we were
marching around Pope, to get into his rear at Manassas,
one evening, we came upon Gen. Jackson and his staff
dismounted and standing in a field a few yards from the
road, and the little sorrel lying down nibbling at the
grass. As soon as the men recognized " Old Jack," hats
came off and the usual cheer was about to break forth,
when one of his staff standing near the road said to
them, " No cheering, men ; the enemy will hear you, and
Gen. Jackson requests that you will not cheer." This
was repeated by the men all down the marching column,
and, as the men passed their beloved commander, they
took off their hats, some waving them at the general,
others flinging them in the air. Not one cheer was
given, but some of the fellows nearly " busted " keeping
it back. It was here that Gen. Jackson said, " With
such soldiers, who could keep from winning battles."

What shall I say of Jackson's wonderful marches?
His men have long since been known as '* Jackson's Foot
Cavalry," from his long and rapid marches. We have
often marched daily for a week, and on some occasions
for three weeks, and on many days twenty-five miles.
I do not think my brigade ever marched over thirty
miles without stopping for a rest of several hours; but
some of the regiments of the old division have marched
over forty miles, only stopping occasionally for a ten
minutes' rest. We have often marched and fought all
day, and in case of a pursuit of the enemy, kept the
march up all night, and a part of the next day.

It was in battle that the men showed their great love

i66 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

for and confidence in Gen. Jackson, his old soldiers hav-
ing implicit confidence in him. Flow many times his
old command wished him back, to lead in one of his
furious attacks on the enemy.

The South produced many generals of great ability,
but for brilliancy and dash, the world never saw Stone-
wall Jackson's equal.

'* Let us pass over the river, and rest under the shade of
the trees."

XIX

WILLIAMSPORT

On the arrival of our company at Staunton on June
22, 1863, we met orders to take charge of about one
hundred stragglers of Lee's army, who had been col-
lected there, in order to march with us to the army of
Northern Virginia, and be delivered to the provost
guard.

We left Staunton on the 24th with stragglers and
nothing else; no baggage wagon, no cooking utensils,
no rations, as the men expressed it, " No nothing." On
account of those stragglers, who gave us a great deal of
trouble, we made short marches, and stopped at a barn
on the way at night. It was necessary to guard our
stragglers, and the company could do it better by having
them in a house. We induced someone in the neigh-
borhood of our stopping place to let us have rations,
generally to cook them also; and in this manner we
reached the Potomac river opposite Williamsport, Md.,
on the morning of July 4, without rations or cooking
utensils. After a visit to Williamsport by some of the
officers who found no rations there, a detail was made
and sent to a mill not far off to '' press " flour, if it could
not be gotten otherwise. This detail went to the mill
and seized two barrels of flour, secured a wagon to haul
it, and then went to a hog pen in the neighborhood for
a hog. They were told by its owner that bacon could
be gotten at a certain store in Williamsport, where they
found as much as they wanted. Having no cooking

167

i68 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

utensils, and having a baker in the company, they de-
cided to bring into service one of the " Dutch ovens "
found in that part of the country at nearly all the houses.
It was now late in the evening; we decided to do the best
we could for the night, and use the oven in the morn-
ing. A sergeant with a file of men went into town early
the next morning, took possession of an excellent oven,
and went to work. During the day of the 5th, F Com-
pany disposed of the stragglers, and crossed the Potomac
into Williamsport, marched through the town to the
northeast side, stacked arms, and there received the
cooked rations.

An officer was found in the town who said he had
orders from Gen. Lee to stop all men here, as the battle
of Gettysburg had been fought, and Gen. Lee intended
to fall back into Virginia by this route. Many of his
wagons had already arrived, and others were coming in
every moment in large numbers. As the river was too
high to l)c forded, because of recent rains, they were
being parked along the river under the bluff near the
town. This officer asked our captain to remain with
his company, as it was thought that a raiding party of
the Yankees might make an attempt to capture or de-
stroy the train ; and, as there was only one organized
regimenl at the place, he thought it the duty of our com-
I)any to stay. During the afternoon and night of the
5th there was much talk of Yankee cavalry coming.

On the morning of the 6th of July, the company
formed a line, and stacked arms in a field overlooking
two roads tliat ran into the town, 'fhe nu-n were or-
dered to stay near their arms, a picket under a sergeant
was sent out on the road that the enemy would use, with
orders to allow no one U) go outside. Soon after the

FOURTH CAPTAIN WILLIAM A. PEGRAM

Opposite page 168.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 169

picket was posted, a young lady and a boy on horse-
back passed the picket going into the town. She was
a line looking woman, and, as she passed, gave nie a bow
and a smile. She stayed in town an hour or two, then
started to go out, but was stopped by the sentinel. I
was called, and she stated that she was returning home,
and had no idea we would prevent her return; that she
had been in town on business, and told me what it was.
Although I told her my orders, she tried to induce me
to let her pass, but without success. I told her I would
go with her to see our captain, and probably he might
let her pass. I did this, and the officers consulted and
agreed to it ; but a little Georgian, who overheard the
conversation, said to the captain, " You ain't going to
let that woman pass, are you? She is a spy, come in
here to lind out all she can, and now she is going back
to tell the Yankees." It was then decided not to lot her
])ass. She asked me where the commanding otTicer was.
1 tokl her who he was and where his otTice was located
in town, and she asked me to go with her to see the
otlicer. 1 could not leave my picket post, and turned the
duty over to our handsome orderly sergeant. Willie
Archer. She did not got the permission, and from what
we heard afterwards, it was well she did not.

The day passed quietly. The wheat and hay recently
cut was shocked in the fields around the town, most of
it. however, on the two roatls in our front and beyond
our picket post. The teamsters were cpiietly getting
both for iced, some in \\ag(>ns and i^thers on the backs
of nuiles. About four or li\e o'clock in the afternoon
a pistol shot was heard ant! a great comnuHion was seen
amc^ngst the teamsters farthest from us. Soon the tield
was lull oi \'ankee ca\alry. whoc^ping. yelling and tiring

I70 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

pistols; riding up to the wagons that had hay ur wheat,
ordering them to halt, and, instead of injuring (jr detain-
ing them, quietly pulling out matches and firing the
provender, and then letting them go. Mules were seen
flying across the field with a llame of fire leaping from
them, which would last only a few seconds before the
rider would have it off, and in many instances himself
off too, in his eft'orts to remove the burning hay or w'heat.
Many wagons were burned.

During the day all the broken down artillery that
had been sent along with the wagon train was placed
on some prominent place around the town, the guns
making a formidable appearance. I have been told
there were twenty-two pieces, and all in view ; that some
hacl no ammunition, some had no chests, some a few-
shot, and some of the pieces were disabled, but they
made a show.

The enemy had now brought out of the woods into
the field in full view of us, eight pieces of artillery and
a large body of mounted cavalry, which had formed a
line of battle. A body of dismounted men with mounted
officers were busy leveling fences. The dismounted men
had approached a lot of farm buildings about four hun-
dred yards from our company. Our picket post had
been called in, guns loaded, and our company formed as
skirmishers. Captain Pegram took in the situation at
once, and acted promptly. IJe knew wc could not hold
our position in the open field against these large odds,
and remarked to some of the old members of the com-
pany that there were only two things for him to do:
attack or retreat; and that he was going to charge the
enemy, lie gave the order, " lu^rward ! double rjuick! "
and to the farm buildinirs we went in a run.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 171

We had fifty-two men present in our company, nearly
all of whom were substitutes and conscripts; one of
them even fainted when he saw the enemy, another had
a terrible ache and had to lie down on the ground, where
we could hear him groaning after firing commenced.
This reduced us to fifty. A few stragglers, including the
little Georgian, named Ward, of Wright's brigade, wear-
ing a red Zouave cap, volunteered to go with us. This
made about sixty, all told, who went into action.

About fifty yards in our front it was necessary to
climb over the first fence, and there the Yankees opened
fire on us. About half way to the farm buildings we
encountered the second fence. There was a lane from
the buildings towards the town, with a fence on each
side of it, and at its end a gate that opened into the
barn yard. Our advance was oblique to this lane. Soon
after we passed the second fence, the left of our line
came to the lane fence. I was on the left and went over
the fence into the lane, requiring three or four men to
follow me, amongst whom was the little Georgian. We
ran up the lane to the gate which I threw open, and
rushed into the barn yard, the little Georgian following,
and I think old man Callis next. A mounted officer was
in the yard, '' cursing " and flourishing a pistol. As I
entered the yard, I told the men to shoot him, but he
leveled his pistol at us and fired, and the little Georgian
fell dead — as gallant a little fellow as I ever saw. I
cannot say that the officer killed him, since the enemy
were firing briskly from several points in the yard at us.
My men fired at the officer, who rode off bowed down
on his horse. I was told a few days afterwards by a
citizen, that he was a major and was wounded. I can
truly say he was a gallant man. A small house in the

172 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

barn yard and on the right of the lane, with its rear
towards us, was occupied by some uf the enemy, who
were firing at us. As I ran around to the door, I met
some of my company who had by this time gotten into
the yard from the other side, and we brouglit out five
Yankee cavalrymen, and sent them to the rear.

W'e had now cleared the yard and buildings of all
opponents; but the fight was on in earnest, the enemy
having opened with their artillery, some firing at us,
others at our guns on the hills. We took up a position
along a rail fence beyond the buildings, and about half
way between the two roads before mentioned and par-
allel to them, keeping up our fire on any of the enemy
we could see to be within range. Our right had suf-
fered more than the left. Inside the barn yard were
lying Sergeant Walker and Corporal Tinney, both dead,
and both splendid soldiers — in all, three of our men
killed, including the Georgian. We captured, wounded,
and killed fifteen of the enemy in the barn yard. Wc
now found that the enemy were advancing on the road
in our rear, and we fell back to that road, and were
j(jined there by a company of about thirty, mostly strag-
glers. Placing a few of our company along a cross
fence to protect our flank, wc kept up a fierce fire in
front. Soon Capt. l^egram was killetl, another one of
old V to join Jackson " under the shade of the trees."
The ^'ankees were shelling us very heavily, and, their
dismounted men largely increased, had possession of the
fence which we had relinfjuished, and were firing heavily
at us. A regiment of our men, that was at tlie river
with our train, now made its api)earance, drove the
Yanks from the fence. Our line was lengthened on the
left by a large body of arnuMl wagoners, so that our

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 173

company moved farther to the right. We kept up our
fire until night, when the enemy disappeared.

This I consider the best fight of F Company during
the war. With nearly all new men, only six or eight of
the old company, we attacked and drove the enemy and
held the position against tremendous odds. Buford, who
made the attack, had present twelve regiments of cav-
alry and twelve pieces of artillery. When he made his
appearance in front of our company, there was no armed
body of men between him and Gen. Lee's entire wagon
train, except this small company. We had been fighting
nearly half an hour before the company of thirty men,
and three-quarters of an hour before the regiment, came
to our assistance ; and I repeat, it was the best fight the
company ever made, and, in its results, one of the best
of the war. The new men, except those noted, behaved
like veterans, and every one did his duty, and they cov-
ered themselves with glory.

Our loss as before stated was four killed, including
the Georgian. One of the substitutes became frightened
when the enemy opened their artillery, and ran towards
the wagons. As he approached a fence, one of the
enemy's shells burst in front of him, tearing the fence
to pieces ; this so '' conflumuxed " him that he ran back
to us saying, '' No whar was safe." He stayed with us
during the remainder of the fight, and with the loss of
a piece of skin knocked from his shin, was the only one
wounded.

In the death of Capt. William A. Pegram we suf-
fered a great loss. Young, unassuming, but a true sol-
dier, by his gallantry he was notable on many a battle-
field. We buried him the next day in the cemetery at
Williamsport, and the three men on the field, which they

174 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

gave their lives to win. We marched in the afternoon
to Hagerstown, sleeping that night on the brick pave-
ment at the market house, resuming our march early
the next morning, July 8, 1863, and joining our regi-
ment in their bivouac two miles from Hagerstown.

During the absence of F Company from the army,
several changes were made in officers. Lt.-Gen. Rich-
ard S. Kwell was made commander of the Second Corps,
Maj.-Gen. Edward Johnson was made commander of
Jackson's Division, and Brig.-Gen. J. M. Jones com-
mander of the Second Brigade. The battles of Chan-
cellorsville, Winchester and Gettysburg had been fought,
and on our uniting with our regiment they told us of
those battles and we told them of Williamsport.

When Gen. Lee arrived in the neighborhood of Wil-
liamsport and found that his army could not cross the
Potomac on account of a rise in the river, he promptly
turned his army back, and formed a line of battle near
Hagerstown. Mere he awaited an attack from Meade,
who marched his army up in front of Lee's, had some
skirmisliing, ancl began to fortify: we following his
example. Gen. Lee had thrown a |)ontoun bridge across
the Potomac at Falling Waters, about four or five miles
below Williamsport. 'J1iis had been i)artially destroyed
after Gettysburg by a raiding party of the enemy's from
Harper's Ferry. While we were in line at Hagerstown,
Gen. Lee had this bridge repaired, and the wagons
passed over it ; in the meantime the river had fallen
enough for the men to ford it. Gen. Ewell withdrew
his corps from the line on llic night of the i3lh. march-
ing all night, and reaching the Potomac a short dis-
tance above Williamsport about daybreak. We
marched at once into the river and forded, the water

1863

e^iP <^frried an oil cloth, in which was wrapped a blanket, drawers and
rnn I'.ST"^'' ' V ^hich was towel, soap and needle case; canteen, tin
cup and tm can for cookmg.

Opposite page 174.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 175

taking us up to our breasts. It was necessary that a
comrade and myself should help little Bates, and every
time we stumbled on some of the large rocks at the
bottom of the stream, his head went under the water.
The remainder of our army crossed at the same time on
the pontoon bridge.

Our army at this time was in a sad plight as to cloth-
ing. Hundreds had no shoes, thousands were as ragged
as they could be, some with the bottom of their pants
in long frazzles, others with their knees out, others out
at their elbows, and their hair sticking through holes
in their hats. Some of the men patched their clothing,
and it was usually done with any material they could
get; one man having the seat of his pants patched with
bright red, his knees patched with black; another with
a piece of gray or brown blanket; in fact, with any-
thing one could get. There were so few patches, how-
ever, and so many holes, that it was not surprising that
one of the Pennsylvania girls in a party on the side of
the road looking at us pass, when she was asked by her
mother how the officers were distinguished from the
privates, replied that it was easy enough, because the
officers' pants were patched, and the privates' pants
w^ere not.

CAMP MONTPELIER THE GREAT RELIGIOUS REVIVAL

REVIEW OF SECOND CORPS THE ADVANCE

AGAINST MEADE

The 14th of July found the army of Northern Vir-
jTfinia hack in Virginia from the Pennsylvania campaip^n.
Gen. Lee crossed the Blue Ridge into Orange County
with all his troops except Ewell's Corps, which was left
in the valley, engaged in destroying the B. & O. R. R.
On the 20th Ewell's corps took up our march to join
Gen. Lee, and marched through Winchester to Manassas
Gap. Here we learned that the enemy had advanced
into the Gap from the other side of the Blue Ridge, and
were trying to effect an entrance into the Luray Valley.
W'e had some heavy skirmishing with them, which lasted
until late in the night, when they withdrew. In the
morning we marched up the Luray Valley to Thornton's
Gap. where we crossed the mountain and marched to
Orange County, joined Gen. Lee on August ist, and
went into camp at Montpelier, the old home of Presi-
dent Madison. This last day's march was the hottest
I ever experienced: more than half the men falling out
of ranks on tlic march, overcome hy the heat. Every
tree we came to along the road side had a sfjuad of men
under its shade, officers as well as privates. While in
this camp that splendid regiment, the 25th Va., was
added to our hrigade. We remained in camp at Mont-
pelier until the 14th, when we marched to Liberty Mills
to meet some movement of the enemy ; remained there
until the i6th, at which time we returned to Montpelier.

176

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 177

It was reported one evening, while we were at Liberty
Mills, that a small body of Yankees was at the Madison
County poor house. A detail of men and an officer were
sent there to capture them. I was one of the party.
We started as soon as we could get ready, which was a
little after sunset. Soon after we left camp a severe
thunder storm arose. I do not know that I ever saw
one more severe. It rained in torrents, the thunder
roared, the lightning flashed, and in the midst of it all
we trudged along an unknown road without a guide.
No one in the party had ever been over the road before.
It was at times so dark that we could not see our hands
before us. We halted several times to let a passing
cloud empty itself on us, and the sky clear up some, so
that we might see how to march. The dogs along the
road proved to be great friends that night, it being so
dark that we could not see the houses. When we heard
a dog bark, someone would go towards him, and thus
find the house, awake the inmates, and get directions for
our march. The little branches and creeks running
across the road had by this time become small rivers,
and the water of some came ud to our waists as we
forded. Just before reaching the poor house village,
the moon came out, and we entered the village about
midnight; no lights were visible and not a soul was stir-
ring. We, however, surrounded the largest and best
looking housC; and knocked at the door. After some
delay, an old man with a veritable nightcap on, poked
his head out of an upper window and informed us that
a squad of Yankee cavalry had been there that after-
noon, and left about sunset. We then marched to the
church which was open, went in, and, after posting a
sentinel, lay down on the benches in our wet clothes,

178 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

thoroughly broken down, and slept the rest of the night.
On our return next morning, one of the streams wc
crossed the night before had risen so high that we could
not cross; while we were waiting, an old gentleman in
the neighborhood gave us a breakfast which was so
good that it paid us for our trip. This march, during
the night, was as trying an experience as I had during
the war. We reached camp about ten in the morning,
having marched about twenty-four miles.

Soon after we returned to IMontpelier a detail of
men was made to make soaj). 11icse men gathered the
ashes from our fires, put them into several barrels, and
commenced making lye ; they also gathered the offal
from the slaughter pens, and with the use of several old-
fashioned dinner pots, in which the soap was made, they
soon had some excellent and pure soap. This was issued
at once, and the men of our brigade soon presented a
very clean appearance. All the work of these men was
done out of doors. They were so successful in their
work, that we carried a large quantity with us when we
left camp.

This was a very busy week : first, our regiment, the
2 1 St Va. Inft., was presented with a battle flag; the next
day, we had a brigade inspection ; the next day, a bri-
gade review ; and the next day, a division review.

Quite a charming story is connected with this flag.
At the battle of Chanccllorsville our color bearer was
shot (l(jwn ; one of the color guard caught the flag, and
waving it aloft, was in a few minutes shot, taken off the
field, and his left arm amputated alx)ve the elbow.
When he recovered, he reported at this camp for duty,
saying he could carry tlie flag with one arm as well as
before. Gen. Johnson, our division commander, hearing

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 179

this, determined to present the flag in person to our one-
armed color bearer. It was received at division head-
quarters, and Friday, the 20th of August, was the day
announced for the presentation. On that day the Sec-
ond Brigade was drawn up in line, and in the presence
of many spectators, including a number of ladies, Gen.
Johnson, in patriotic and thrilling words, presented to
our regiment its first battle flag. The occasion was very
im.pressive and enthusiastic. Our flag had the following
battles inscribed on it : Kernstown, McDowell, Win-
chester, Second Manassas, Harper's Ferry, Sharpsburg,
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg.
Through an oversight these were omitted, viz. : Cold
Harbor, Malvern Flill, and Cedar Run^-^This flag was
carried with distinction in all our battles to the end.

On September 3d we received orders to clean our arms
and accouterments and cook one day's rations, and be
ready to march early the next morning, when a grand
review of the Second Corps would take place. This
created a great stir in our regiment, since we had never
been to a review on such a grand scale, and all wanted
to participate in it. We were up betimes on the morn-
ing of the 4th, and soon had our breakfast, and were
ordered to fall in. We marched through Orange C. H.
to a large field about one mile east of that village, reach-
ing it about 10 A. M. Our division formed a line facing
east, about midway of this field, stacked arms, and
rested. We were soon joined by Early's and Rode's
divisions, the former taking position about two hundred
yards in our front, and the latter about the same dis-
tance in our rear, making three lines each about half a
mile long.

About a quarter of a mile in our front was the re-

i8o ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

viewing^ stand, where the corps headquarters' tla^ was
waving. As the ot"hcers, who were to witness the review,
and the visitors arrived, they took their positions near
that flag. Many laches were present on horseback and
carriages, among whom were two of Gen. Lee's daugh-
ters, who received much attention from every one. The
scene was very gay and brilliant around the flag.

We were to be reviewed by Gen. Lee in person ; and
about noon he made his appearance mounted on Trav-
eler, and joined the throng around the tlag, where he
seemed to enjoy himself highly with the visitors. Soon
the bugle sounded, and announced that all was ready.
Gen. Lee rode to the front, accompanied by his staff,
then Gen. Ewell and staff, followed by the generals of
the several divisions and their staffs, in their respective
order of rank. Gen. Lee rode to the right of the front
division, which had taken its place, and, with bands
playing and drums beating, the general dashed along the
front of the line, followed by the large cavalcade of
generals and their staffs. The men presented arms, flags
were lowered, the officers saluted with their swords,
and all the pomp of war that could be shown by these
old Confederates was brought into view. Reaching the
left of the line, the generals wheeled to the left and
passed ill rear of the same line, until they reached its
end ; when they wheeled to the right, going to the second
line, reviewing them in same manner as the first; and
then to the third line; and back to the Hag. and took
their respective positions near it. The three lines now
marched forward several hundred yards, with bands
playing, then left-wheeled into column of regiments, the
regiment at the head guiding us to a line with the flag,
where the corps marched past the stand in column of

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY i8i

regiments. As each regiment arrived in front of Gen.
Lee, the men came to a shoulder arms, the flags dipped,
the officers saluted, the bands played; Gen. Lee raised
his hat in recognition, the ladies waved their handker-
chiefs and clapped their hands and cheered us, we an-
swering with a Confederate yell. The regiments,, after
passing the reviewing stand some distance, filed to the
right, and again forming line, waited until the review
was ended. We then took up our march for camp,
which we reached about nine or ten o'clock at night.

This was said to be the grandest review of our troops
during the war, the movements of the men were ex-
cellent and our marching splendid. Johnson's (Jackson's
old division) attracted special attention, and the one-
armed color bearer of the 2ist Va. Regt. was loudly
cheered by all the officers and visitors as he passed the
reviewing stand.

It was at Montpelier that the great religious revival
commenced, which spread so rapidly over the entire
army; and the converts were so numerous that they
were numbered not by tens and hundreds, but by
thousands. The place selected for preaching in our
camp was on a hillside, in a large wood, the road
running on one side of the place, and a small branch on
the other. The ground was slightly inclined ; trees were
cut from the adjoining woods, rolled to this spot, and
arranged for seating at least two thousand people. At
the lower end, a platform was raised with logs, rough
boards were placed on them, and a bench was made at
the far side for the seating of the preachers. In front
was a pulpit or desk, made of a box. Around this plat-
form and around the seats, stakes or poles were driven
in the ground about ten or fifteen feet apart, on top of

i82 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

which were baskets made of iron wire, iron hoops, etc.
In tliese baskets chunks of hghtwood were placed, and
at night they were hghted, throwing a red glare far
beyond the confines of the place of worship. The gath-
ering, each night, of the bronzed and grizzly warriors,
devoutly worshiping, was a wonderful picture in the
army; and when some old familiar hymn was given out,
those thousands of warriors would make hill and dell
ring. In this rude place of worship thousands gathered
several weeks. The interest manifested was so great
that the seats were taken in the afternoon by such men
as were not on duty ; and when night relieved from duty
those who had been drilling, etc., the men stood up in
immense numbers around those who were seated. I
think I can say that the order was perfect, no disturl>
ance of any kind was ever known to occur, and the
attention to the words of the preacher was never more
faithful.

We enjoyed in this camp the longest rest of the war;
and it was much needed. After the review we were
disturbed only by regular drills ami the usual camp
duties. The men enjoyed this rest more than any we
ever had. The camp was located in one of the healthiest
sites to be found. In full view of the Blue Ridge and
Monticello, it was a beautiful place and it was, too. a
magnificent farm.

Our rest ended on Septcml>er i6th, when wc com-
menced a series ni marches and movements, which cul-
minated in Gen. Lee's crossing the Rapidan river, and
ofYering battle to the enemy. They, however, preferred
to retire; and we followed as far as Bristow Station,
where their rear guard was overtaken and promptly at-
tacked by a part of A. P. Hill's division, which sufTercd

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 183

some loss. When our division arrived on the field, the
Second Brigade was formed in line of battle near the
railroad, and perpendicular to it, and skirmishers thrown
forward, and we were ordered forward about half a
mile through a thin pine thicket. The men were cau-
tioned to keep perfectly quiet, as the enemy were sup-
posed to be in this thicket. We halted, and were ordered
to lie down in place, with guns in hand. Everything so
far had been done very quietly; but when an old hare
came running to our line, the boys could not restrain
themselves — some sprang to their feet, catching at the
hare as it went by the line of battle. It was captured
by one of the men who was lying down. A wild yell
burst from the men, and the silence for that day was
broken. Our skirmishers pushed on to Broad Run, and
it was soon reported that Meade had taken refuge in the
fortifications around Centreville. We quietly took up
our march and returned to camp. The Second Corps
followed the Orange & Alexander R. R., destroying the
track from the bridge over Broad Run to the Rappa-
hannock river, and, crossing that river, Johnson's division
went into camp about three miles from it, a part of the
corps staying at the river. We remained in this camp
until the night of November 7th, when we marched to
Kelly's Ford, to meet the enemy, who, it was reported,
Lad crossed there. Near the ford, about two or three
o'clock in the night, we halted and sent scouts ahead,
who learned that a large body of the enemy had crossed,
staying only a short time and recrossing about night.
One of our regiment captured a prisoner, who was the
only enemy seen by my corps as far as I know. This
man stayed with the regiment two or three days before
he was turned over to the provost guard. On the fol-
lowing morning we marched to Culpeper C. H., going

i84 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

aruiind the town Ut the Rapidan river, which we crossed
at Raccoon r\)rcl about eight or nine o'cl(Jck at night.
It was tlie coldest water I ever forded. Oh, how cold!
I can feel it now. As the water at this time was about
knee deep, we were ordered to take off our shoes and
roll up our breeches: and, as we stepped into the water,
it was so cold it felt as if a knife had taken one's foot
off; and at each step the depth of the water increased.
This feeling continued until we reached the middle of
the river, where the water came to the knee, and one
felt as if the leg was off from the knee down. Reach-
ing the shore and halting to put on shoes and let pants
down, many of the men were so cold they could not
do it. This was true of myself: I had put on one shoe,
but could not tie it, nor could I roll my pants dcnvn.
In this way we marched about a mile, when we halted
in a large wood, where we soon built immense fires and
became warm. The next morning we marched and went
into camp at Mt. Pisgah Churcli in Orange County.
Thence our division went on picket at Morton's Ford
on the Rajipahannock. a distance of eight miles: a bri-
gade going to the ford, staying three days, and relieved
by another brigade, returning to camp at Mt. Pisgah.

During the winter of 1863-4 the subject of taking care
of the widows and orphans of the soldiers who were
killed, was agitated by some of the prominent citizens
of the Confederacy: an organization was formed f(^r
that purpose, committees were apix)inte(l to make col-
lections, etc., and agents of the society were sent to the
armies in the field, to ask assistance from the soldiers.
One of these agents visited (»ur company while wc were
in this camj). He was received most cordially, as the
cause was one that appealed to the symi)athy of every
soldier. When the company was assembled, the f(_)llow-

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 185

ing sums were subscribed by its members, to be paid at
the next pay day, or as soon thereafter as the collector
could visit us :

Lt. R. J. Jordan $20.00

Sergt. J. H. Worsham 10.00

Sergt. W. S. Robertson 10.00

Sergt. E. Gouldman 2.00

Corporal H. F. Munt 5-00

Corporal N. A. Dowdy 2.00

Corporal H. C. Tyree 5.00

Privates : N. Barber 2.50

A. D. Brown 2.00

G. W. Brown 2.50

J. R. Brown 2.50

J. M. Couch 2.00

W. E. Cumbia 5-00

W. S. Cumbia i.oo

W. B. Edmonds 5.00

H. C. Fox 5.00

J. Griffin 2.00

J. W. Johnston 2.00

P. W. Kayton 5.00

A. C. Legg 2.00

J. M. Mason 2.00

J. T. Merriman 2.00

H. Peaster 5.00

P. S. Richeson 2.00

W. R. Richeson 2.00

S. Searles 5.00

W. C. Seay 2.00

J. T. Smith 5.00

S. E. Wood 5.00

J. A. Kidd 5.00

$127.50

i86 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

This was a liberal contribution from men whose pay
was eleven dollars a month, the majority of whom had
families who needed all their income. It is a pleasure
to me to add that when the collector came, every one
present paid his subscription ; and some who were absent
left the amount with me, which was duly handed over.
Every man present at the first visit subscribed, and a
few who were not present then but were present when
the collector came, gave him what they could spare ; they
are included in the list.

Gen. Bradley T. Johnson was commanding our bri-
gade again and his wife visited him here. The first day
of her arrival she visited the camp of the brigade, and
went to each company asking after the health of the
men, and how we were getting along, etc. This she con-
tinued to do daily as long as we were in this camp.
She was a beautiful woman with charming manners and
always had a pleasant word and good cheer for the sick.
The personal interest she took in us. so impressed the
men that they looked forward to her daily visits with
great pleasure. The good she did in this camp was
never forgotten.

XXI

paynf/s farm and mine run

On November 27th it was reported that Meade had
crossed the Rappahannock and was advancing. We
broke camp, and Johnson's division marched towards
Mine Run on a road north of that taken by the remainder
of the Second Corps. We were quietly marching along
a road which runs through a wood, listening to the dis-
tant cannon in our front and speculating as to the loca-
tion of the expected battle. Suddenly a part of our
column was assailed on the flank by a Yankee skirmish
line. It was a complete surprise to us, since no one
thought the enemy was in the vicinity. Regimental of-
ficers cut off companies from their regiments, formed
them as skirmishers right in the road, and ordered them
forward. I must say this was the promptest movement
I saw during the war. Our skirmishers drove the enemy
back on their line of battle, and by this time Gen. John-
son had formed the division in line of battle, and it was
moving forward. The left of our line became heavily
engaged at once. The Second Brigade was on the right,
and swung around until we came to a field, where we
could see the enemy behind a rail fence on the edge of
a wood at the far side of this field. Continuing our
wheeling, we soon came to a swamp in a bottom, the
most miry place I ever entered. How the men crossed
it I don't know. Many left one or both shoes in the
mud, the horses could not cross, the officers were com-
pelled to dismount and take the mud too. We, howevet

187

i88 Ox\E OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

crossed, halted a few moments under the hill, reformed
our line, and went forward. As soon as we advanced
up the hill sufficiently for the enemy to see us, the action
hecame general and heavy ; we fought until night put
an end to the battle.

I will mention a gallant action which I saw here.
Capt. J(jhnson of the 50th Va. Regt.. a man about fifty
years of age, large and stout, thinking that some of his
men were not doing as well as they ought, walked out
to the brow of the hill, lay down on its top, broadside
to the enemy, and then called to some of his men to
come up; and if they were afraid, they could use him
as a breastwork. Several of them very promptly ac-
cepted his challenge, lying down behind him, resting their
guns on him, firing steadily from this position until the
fight was over. I am happy to say that the gallant
captain was not injured. The division suffered greatly;
of F Company, L. M. Couch, J. A. Kidd, Henry Peaster
and Porter \\'ren were wounded.

This action was known as the battle of Payne's Farm :
it was fought by Johnson's division alone, against one of
the wings of the Army of the T^)t(^mac that had crossed
the river at a small ford to make the Hank attack on
Lee's army, and, but for the promptness with which the
attack was met, it might have been very disastrous to
his army. During the night we withdrew across Mine
Run.

On the next morning we joined Lee, and took our
position in line of battle with our corps, along the hills
of Mine Run, and threw up breastworks. Meade occu-
pied the hills in our front. Skirmishers had l>een thrown
(jut in our front all along the run. we hoard the C(»n-
tinuous crack (jf their guns, occasionally a brisk can-

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 189

nonade would be indulged in; and thus matters went on
all day. At night all became still, and we lay down in
the breastworks to rest. When we arose the next morn-
ing we saw that the hills in our front had a line of
fortifications from one end to the other of the enemy's
line, and more formidable than our own. The skir-
mishing was as heavy as on the day before, and at one
time we endured heavy cannonading from the enemy.
Night put an end to the firing. In the morning we saw
that Meade had strengthened his works and brought up
additional cannon. I went back of our fortifications a
few yards, built a small fire of twigs, put my cup on it
to warm something for breakfast, and quietly took a
seat on the ground near by to wait until it was heated.
Two of the regiment joined me and put their cups beside
mine, the enemy's shells from a battery on our right
occasionally dropping in our vicinity. Soon after my
friends put their cups on the fire, a shell dropped in it,
burst, wounding one of them on the head, and when
the smoke and ashes cleared up, our cups and fire too
had disappeared. I sadly went back and took my place
in line, without breakfast. Once during this day the
cannonading from the enemy was the most severe we
had from them. Anticipating an attack, a sergeant from
F Company and two men were detailed from the 21st
Va. Regt., ordered to go back to our rear, find the am-
munition wagon, get two boxes of ammunition, bring
them to the line of battle, keep them within one hundred
yards of the regiment, and, if attacked, issue them to
the men as fast as they might need them.

At night A. P. Hill's corps, which occupied the right
of Lee's line, moved out of the breastworks and took
a position on the flank and rear of Meade, in order to

I90 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

attack him at (layl)reak. Our corps remained in the
breastworks, and extended its hne so as to occupy the
whole fortification, and in my regiment the men were
not much closer together than in a skirmish line. Orders
were given the men in case of an attack to hold the line
at all hazards.

About midnight the men lay down in their places for
some rest, and were aroused at break of day, sprang
to their feet promptly, and listened for the expected
attack ])y Hill. Not a gun was heard, so we became
very anxious because we had no tidings from him.
Soon after sunrise, Johnson's division formed in column
and marched along the breastworks until we reached a
country road, where we filed to the left, and marched
over the run into the Yankee fortifications. Everything
was perfectly still, not a Yankee to be seen, they having
left during the night. W'e followed till wc knew they
had crossed the Kapidan.

Johnson's division then marched to Morton's Ford,
and, on the next day, to Raccoon Ford, where we re-
mained until December 19th. when we marched to the
neighborh()(Kl of Orange C. 11., and then back to our
old camp near Mt. Pisgah Church on December 24th.
The next day we had a regular old-time Christmas, since
a good many boxes had been received from home, in
some of which were the ingredients for egg-nog.

The men suffered a great deal at Mine Run from the
cold winds. We were on a high hill, and were kept in
the breastworks all the time, and not alhjwed to make
fires.

XXII

WINTER 1863-4 CAMP NEAR MT. PISGAH CHURCH

Before leaving our camp near Mt. Pisgah Church to
march to Mine Run, some of the men had built huts.
When we returned to camp huts were built for all, and
soon we were comfortable. The Second Brigade also
built of logs a commodious church. There we gathered
every Sunday for regular religious services, sometimes
having a preacher to expound the gospel, and at other
times a soldier would lead the meetings, which were
largely attended and much enjoyed by the men.

The whole division was ordered out one afternoon to
witness the execution of three Confederate soldiers from
another division, who were to die by being shot for some
violation of the laws of the army. The division was
formed on three sides of a hollow square, the fourth side
being open. Three stakes were fixed in the ground
about the center of this open side, and soon after our
formation an officer and a guard with the prisoners ap-
peared. The prisoners were made to kneel with their
backs to the stakes, to which they were securely tied and
a cloth was fastened over their eyes. Twelve men were
ordered to take up the twelve guns lying on the ground
in front of the prisoners. The guns had already been
loaded, it is said six with and six without balls, so that
no man would know that he killed one of the prisoners.
The twelve men took their places about thirty feet in
front of each man, the order to fire was given, and, at

the report of the guns, two men were killed, the balls

191

192 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

goin^ through each; the third man, while shot, was not
killed. One of the detail was ordered to place another
gun against the man's breast and fire; this killed him in-
stantly. This was the only execution I witnessed, and,
if I live a thousand years, I will never l)c willing to see
another.

We remained in this camp a lung time, drilling, etc.,
during good weather, and going regularly on picket to
Morton's Ford. On February 5th the whole corps was
called to the ford, the indications being that the enemy
were moving and were marching a column to the ford
with the intention of crossing. They (Hd not make their
a])pearance on the other side of the river, but sent skir-
mishers to the ford, who became engaged with ours, and
some of their artillery was in action and shelled our
lines. We remained at the ford until the 8th, and then
returned to camp, leaving a brigade as usual on picket.
The enemy had disapi)eare(l and gone back to their
camps before we moved. This was known in the
Yankee army as the " Mud Campaign," and they said
that if their artillery and wagons had not stuck in the
mud they would have made things lively for us.

On March ist the enemy made a movement in our
fnMit and sent a body of cavalry on a raid in our rear.
About sunset of the 2nd the long roll was sounded in
the camp of Johnson's division, we were ordered to fall
in, and, as soon as we did so, we were ordered to march
to the stone road. There the dixision was formed, and
we marched at a quick step in the direction of Fred-
crick.sburg. Arriving at Mine Kim. we camj^ed for the
remainder of the night. The roads were full of mud
and the marching was bad ; at one place we forded a
branch and the road ascended a steep clay hill, the wet

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 193

shoes of the soldier after coming out of the branch and
treading on the clay had made it perfectly slick, and
many a fall was the consequence. We had a boy recruit
just from his home and this was his first march. He
wore wooden bottom shoes, and, poor fellow, he slipped
back into the branch, getting out a step or two, so often
that some of his comrades finally undertook to help him.
Frequently they went with him two or three yards from
the branch, when he would commence to slip, pulling
them all back together into the water. He was finally
told to sit down on the road side until daybreak, when
he would be able to see his way, and could then join us.
This he did; but some of the boys, to have a little fun,
told him that the Yankee cavalry were marching behind
us, and as soon as we got a little way from him, they
would come along and take him prisoner. Poor little
fellow, he commenced to cry as if his heart would
break. This little fellow, however, made his mark at
the Wilderness battle a few weeks later. I saw him
blow a hole through a Yankee, who was at the muzzle
of his gun, during the attack they made on us.

Early the next morning we continued the march, halted
at the crossing of the Germania Road, formed a line of
battle across the road, stacked arms, and were told that
we might rest; but must remain near our guns. It was
rumored that the Yankee cavalry raiders were expected
to return this way to their army, and we were there to
intercept them. We remained several hours, marched
to Chancellorsville, and, forming a line across a road
leading to one of the fords, stayed there several hours;
we marched back to the Germania Road, where we re-
mained all night. The next morning we again marched
to Chancellorsville, remaining there all day and night.

104 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

We were called out of camp very suddenly on the after-
noon of the 2nd on this expedition, and we did not carry
any rations with us. (Some of the men were left be-
hind in camp to cook them and then bring them to us.)
We had eaten up everything in camp during the day,
and were drawing rations for supper when we were
ordered off on the march, and we left without it. The
men with the cooked rations joined us at Chancellors-
ville on the morning of the 4th, and during all this time
very few of us had anything to eat. I had nothing, and
it was the longest time I went without eating during the
war. As soon as we finished eating what the men
brought, we took our places in line, and the next morn-
ing returned to Mt. Pisgah ; the raiders having returned
to their army by another route. We saw at Chancellors-
ville that a year's time had not healed the scars of the
bloody battle fought there, the ground where we were
being literally covered with human bones that had been
scattered about since the shallow burial of those who
fell there. It was an awful experience, even for sol-
diers, to lie down for rest at night, after scraping the
bones away.

The night of the 5th found us back in our old quar-
ters, and we were glad, very glad, to return to them,
and were soon comfortable.

For a long time short rations were issued to us, and
it being hard to divide them equally among the mem-
bers of the messes, the majority of the messes adopted
a system that gave general satisfaction. After the ra-
tions were cooked, they were divided into as many parts
as there were members of the mess. Each of these
parts was piled on a log or on the ground in a row,
and one member of the mess was selected to turn his

OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 195

back to the piles of rations, while another member
pointed his finger towards one of the piles and asked,
" Who has this? '' The man with his back towards the
piles designated one of the mess by name, who immedi-
ately took it ; and then another pile was disposed of in
a similar way, until all the piles were taken. Coffee
was not included in this method of distribution, because
it was given us in the grain and in quantity so small
that the grains were counted out to each man. Xone
but the Confederate soldier knows how they lived. For
months we had not had a full ration, and the rations
became more scanty as the war continued, and after this
time we never received as much as we wanted to eat,
unless we captured it from the enemy.

The regular rations allowed by army regulations were
not suffiicient, but we did not get the regular allowance
even at the beginning of the war, when everything was
plentiful. Here is the allowance of rations for men in
the field — for each man :

i lb. bacon or beef — daily.

1 "2" lbs. flour or corn meal — daily, or i lb. hard bread.
For one hundred men :

8 qts. of pease or 10 lbs. of rice.

4 qts. of vinegar.

i^ lbs. tallow candles.

4 lbs. soap.

2 qts. salt.

6 lbs. sugar.

\\'hile we were in this camp we received some of the
Telescope rifles, which were entrusted to a select body
of men. On suitable occasions the men practiced shoot-
ing with them. At one of those practices they stood on
one hill and shot at a target about half a mile oflf on

196 OXE OF JACKSOX'S FOOT CAVALRY

another hill. The lx)ttom between those hills was used
as a c^raziiii^ place for horses and mules helone^inc; to
our wai^on train, and durinj^ the shootinj^^, they acci-
dentally killed one of the mules. That mule was very
fat. and not lon^ after it was killed some of the men
cut chunks of meat from him and carried them into
camp to he cooked and eaten. Some officer learning of
this, had a ijuard stationed durinj^^ the day near the mule
to prevent it. 1liat night many had mule steak for sup-
per. \Ve are now in a bad plight for cooking utensils ;
spiders are scarce, also frying pans ; hardly a boiler and
all the ])ans to make the bread in are gone; we make the
bread in the spiders and frying pans, oilcloths, atid dur-
ing the time of year that the bark of the trees would
slip we get an excellent tray by peeling the bark from
a tree.

We enjoyed this camp, as the quarters were the most
comfortable we had during the war. The men really
enjoyed the rest and the longest ever spent. There was
more sociability here than I ever saw in camp. I en-
joyed visiting Clark's Mountain, a mound rising several
hundred feet above the surrounding country, and im-
mediately on the Kapidan River. hVom its top, which
was about three miles from our camp. I could see the
camps of many of the enemy in Culjjcper County; also
I had an extensive view of the surrounding country.
We had a signal station on its top. and sometimes I had
an opj)ortunity to look through the glass at the Yankee
camps.

One of the incidents I witnessed while in this camp
was changing the clothing of one of our men confined
i*ii the guard house, who was handcuffed. He desired
to put on a clean shirt, and as he was not allowed to

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 197

take off the cuffs, he went to work, took off his soiled
shirt, and then put on the clean one, the handcuffs not
being removed. It, however, took him about two hours
to do it.

The negroes who accompanied their masters during
the war were a source of much merriment as well as
comfort to us. I recollect the experience of two of our
negro cooks in battle. On one occasion we were in
line of battle when Archer, a cook in one of our com-
panies, came to the front with his master's haversack
of rations. We were taking things easy at the time,
some lying on the ground, others sitting or standing up
engaged in talking over the impending battle, and at the
sight of Archer we gave him a hurrah as a welcome.
He had been with us only a few minutes, when the en-
emy made an advance along our front and turned our
flank. Fighting became warm, and we had a hot time
before we succeeded in driving them back; but follow-
ing up our success, we drove the enemy from the field
of battle. Archer was caught in the fight, and when
night came and we were joined by the cooks, he had a
splendid account to tell his companions of the part he
took in the battle. Fie told them he took the gun of
one of our dead, and fought side by side with '' Marse
Jim," and he *' knows I killed a dozen Yankees. Oh, you
ought just to have see me in the charge ! Me and ' Marse
Jim' just whipped them clean out!" This account of
Archer's made a hero of him in the estimation of his
friends, and so impressed them that one of their num-
ber, Ned, made up his mind then and there to go into
the next battle, and see if he could eclipse Archer's ac-
count! Ned did not have long to wait, as we met our
old enemy again some weeks later, when a line of battle
was formed in a wood. Ned was in it, with gun in

198 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

liand. He had a large knapsack strapped to his back,
filled to overflowing with articles from many a battle-
field, which he had been carrying for a month or more,
with the hope of sending it to his wife by some soldier
who was going to his neighborhood. Besides the knap-
sack he had one or more haversacks filled in same man-
ner, and his canteen !

When we received orders to move forward, Xed
marched boldly in our midst, and when we reached the
edge of the woods the enemy opened on us, — a
spent ball hitting Ned squarely in the forehead, raising
a knot as large as a hen's egg in a few minutes! As
soon as Ned was struck he was seen to halt, his mouth
flew open, his eyes bulged, and he made a movement as
if he was going to run, but the men steadied him by tell-
ing him that Archer was knocked down several times by
balls, and he got u\) and killed the man who had shot him!
In our advance we crossed a fence and started across
a field. A man at Ned's side was shot down. Ned
started and stopped at the sight, his gun fell from his
hand, a ball went over his shoulder, cut the strap on
his knapsack, and, as it turned, Ned slipped out of it,
letting it fall to the ground; at the same time disengag-
ing his haversack and canteen, pulled off his coat, dropped
it, too, brushed off his hat, wheeled and broke for the
rear like a quarter horse, amidst the yells of our men!
This was a sore subject ever after for Ned. Not that he
ran away, — but losing all those things he had been sav-
ing to send to Sally! And he w(nild not believe a word
of Archer's talc!

Here is another tale of the negro, showing the feeling
the southerner had for him. My mess, of about half a
dozen, had built for winter fpiarters a log pen about two
feet high; on this they erected their tent, and at one

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 199

end we had an excellent log chimney. This made us
very comfortable. We had a negro slave as cook, who
stayed about our tent during the day, but slept in a cabin
with other negroes. He was taken sick with measles;
we made him leave his quarters and come and stay in
our tent, where we cooked for him and nursed him until
he was well.

I tried to keep clean while in the army, and made it a
rule to take a bath once a week and oftener when con-
venient; this included winter as well as summer. It
looked very formidable to take a bath on some of those
cold and stormy days which we had in the army, but it
was more in looks than in the reality. Here is a winter's
day experience in this camp. One day about noon the
sun shining brightly and little wind stirring, I thought
I would take my bath. I walked over to Madison Run,
a large stream about half a mile from camp. I found
the stream frozen over solid. I got a large rock, walked
to the middle of the stream, raised the rock over my
head, and hurled it with all my force on the ice, but it
made no impression. I repeated this eight or ten times
without breaking the ice. I then returned to camp, got
an ax, went back to the run, cut a large hole in the
ice, which was about seven inches thick, cleared the hole
of all floating ice, undressed, took a good bath, dressed,
and when I returned to camp was in fine condition.

It had been rumored in camp for several weeks that
Gen. Grant had command of the army of the Potomac,
our old enemy, and from indications in his camp it was
supposed he intended to make a move soon. In antici-
pation of this, Johnson's division broke up winter quar-
ters on May 2, and marched to Bartley's Mill on the
Rapidan for better observation, and to be in better place
to guard our line.

XXIII

THE WILDERNESS

On the morning of May 4tli, 1864, Johnson's divi-
sion left Bartlcy's Mill and marched to Locust Grove
and proceeded along the Stone road towards Fred-
ericksburg nearly all night, then halted, and rested
on the side of the road. Gen. Ewell, who had been
riding at the head of the column, lay d(nvn beside a log
not more than ten yards from me.

As the streaks of day were just beginning to show
themselves, we were ordered to fall in, and resumed our
march. We had gone only a short distance when the
stillness in our front was broken by the sound of a drum,
and the sweet notes of music from a band. Every man
clutched his gun more tightly, as the direction of the
music told him that the enemy were in front. There
was no need of urging us to hurry, no need to incjuire
what it meant. All knew now that Grant had crossed
the Rai)idan, and soon the tumult of battle would be-
gin. The march cr>ntinued, the command was '* Close
up," .soon the order, "Halt! Load your guns!" then
** Shoulder arms! March! " Soon a line of battle was
formed by the Second P)rigade which was in front, the
2 1. St Va. Regt. on the left of the Stone road, the re-
mainder of the brigade on the right of that road. The
order "Forward!" was given, — we uKJved forward
through wood and brush! W'c witc in the wilderness!
with a tumult that seemed to come from the infernal
regions, we were assailed by the enemy! As so(^n as the
lifting of the smoke enabled us to see, we discovered

200

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 201

that the portion of our brigade which was on the right
of the road had been swept away; there were no Con-
federates in sight except our regiment. We broke the
enemy's Hne in our front, and made no halt in our ad-
vance,— on we w^nt, shooting as fast as we could load !
Suddenly I was confronted by a gun, resting on a big
stump, and behind the stump we saw a Yank ! We hal-
looed to him to throw his gun down, several of us took
aim at him ; he started to rise, but before he could do
so, a little boy on my left who had also taken aim at him,
pulled the trigger, and at the crack of his gun the Yan-
kee fell dead ! This w^as the little fellow who was w^ear-
ing wooden bottom shoes, whom we left on the road
one night a few wrecks before crying, because he could not
keep up with us on the march. We captured many
prisoners ; behind every tree and stump were several who
seemed to remain there in preference to running the
gauntlet of our fire. We advanced to a dense pine
thicket and halted, every man falling flat on the ground
at once for protection ! We could see troops coming to
our assistance, and the line on our left was extended
by the Third Brigade, one of its regiments halting di-
rectly in our rear, where they lay down, too ! On our
right the w^oods were large and open, and for some reason
the enemy had disappeared from it. An explanation
of this was given in the report of Maj. Meret C. Walsh,
'' 7 Indiana Inf., in Vol. 34, page 617, War Records."
He says, " We charged the rebel line, capturing the colors
of the 50th Va. Regt., and nearly two hundred prisoners,
but being flanked on the right, were forced to retire
from the field, and return to the breastworks."

The force on the right was the 21st Va. Regt! It
will be seen that we not only drove those in front, but
cleared the enemy from the field on the right of the road.

202 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

The pine thicket in our front was so dense that we
could not see into it twenty feet, but wc heard the enemy
talking. My company was near the road and I, wish-
ing to see what was going on in front, ran across the
road to the top of the elevation, and to the front. What
a sight met my gaze! Oblicjucly across the road and
just behind the pine thicket, the enemy was massed in
a small field. I looked down the road and saw two
pieces of artillery coming up in a run. and at this time
I perceived that I in turn was seen, and guns were lev-
eled at me! I took shelter behind a big tree, just as
Cumbia of our company came running to me! They
fired a hundred shots, and Cumbia fell shot through the
body! He was as gallant a soldier as any in our army.

I ran back to my company, and seeing the colonel of
the regiment of the Third Brigade who was with us, I
informed him of the position of affairs in front. He
gave the order at once, " Forward, men! " — the two reg-
iments jumped to their feet and advanced, the whole of
the Third Brigade taking part. Through the thicket
we went, coming upon the mass of the enemy, the bat-
tle raging again more fiercely than before! With a yell
we were on them, front and Hank! They gave ground
and then ran! Such a yell then went up as fairly shook
the ground! Hurrah! the cannon are ours, we capturing
both pieces. The enemy in their llight had crossed to
the right of the road, and we followed through the field
about two hundred yards into the woods; here we halted
and were ordered back. In retiring through the fieUl,
we discovered a Ixxly of the enemy in the woods on our
left; the 2ist Va. Regt. immediately wheeled and poured
a hot fire into them! They (lisap])eared in great dis-
order, we resuming our march across the lleKl, and
halting as soon as we reached the wuod on the east side.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 203

The 2 1 St Va. Regt. taking position there and on the right
of the Stone road, commenced to fire slowly at the enemy,
who had taken position on the west side of this field.
Here we w^ere joined by the remainder of the Second
Brigade.

We were then treated to a rare sight! Running mid-
way across the little field was a gully that had been
washed by the rains. In their retreat, many of the en-
emy went into this gully for a protection from our fire,
and when we advanced to it, we ordered them out and to
the rear ; all came out except one, who had hidden under
an overhanging bank, and was overlooked. When we
fell back across the field the Yankees, who followed us
to the edge of the woods, shot at us as we crossed. One
of our men, thinking the fire too warm, dropped into the
gully for protection. It will be noticed that there were
then a Yankee and a Confederate in the gully, and each
was ignorant of the presence of the other! After a
while they commenced to move about in the gully, there
being no danger as long as they did not show themselves.
Soon they came in view of each other, and commenced to
banter one another. Then they decided that they would
go into the road and have a regular fist and skull fight,
the best man to have the other as his prisoner. When
the two men came into the road about midway between
the lines of battle, in full view of both sides around the
field, one a Yankee, the other " a Johnny," while both
sides were firing, they surely created a commotion ! This
was true in our line and I suppose in the enemy's line,
because both sides ceased firing! When the two men
took ofT their coats and commenced to fight with their
fists, a yell went up along each line, and men rushed to
the edge of the opening for a better view! The
" Johnny " soon had the " Yank " down, who surren-

204 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

dered, and both quietly rolled into the gully, where they
remained until night, when '' the Johnny " brought " the
Yank " into our line. The disappearance of the two
men was the signal for the resumption of firing! Such
is war!
"^ We remained in this position two or three hours, and
marched across the road and took position immediately
on its left, and about two hundred yards in the rear of
the line of breastworks that was occupied by the Third
Brigade. Slight firing continued all day, and as night
approached everything became quiet. W'e were ordered
to rest for the night on our arms.

I was aroused about midnight to take a verbal order
to the officer in our front on the skirmish line, which was
on the outskirts of the pine thicket. I was instructed
to leave my arms, etc., take my time, and make as little
noise as possible. The night was dark and the pine
thicket so dark that 1 could almost feel the darkness.
Moving carefully, and thinking that I was getting on
splendidly in perfect silence, I was thrown down with
such a rattling noise as to awaken everybody in the
neighborhood ! Shooting commenced from the Yankees
at once! They fired hundreds of shots in the thicket,
and I lay perfectly still until quiet was restored. When
I sat up ancl felt around to see what caused me to fall,
my hand came into contact with a saber which I found
belted to a dead man ; this saber caught between my legs,
threw me; it rattling against the man's canteen, as well as
my falling amongst the pine twigs, was the big noise in
the night. I'ully reassured I proceeded, found the oftlcer,
and delivered the order. He was an old friend and in-
(piired what I made so much noise for! My explanation.
a laugh, a caution to nu- not to repeat it. a good-night

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 205

were given, and I started to our line, shaping my course
as well as I could, so as to find my dead man again.
Fortune favored me. I found him, took his sword, and
then felt in his pockets for what he had! I found a
knife, a pipe and a piece of string, and in every pocket,
even to the one in his shirt, he had smoking tobacco! I
had to take an order to the front again at daybreak, and
on my return, looked for my man again and saw that he
was a Yankee lieutenant. Soon after this the enemy
assailed our position furiously with shot and shell for a
short time, and then quiet was restored, lasting in our
front the remainder of the day, with now and then a
skirmish fire.

On the morning of the 7th the Second Brigade
marched by the fiank to the extreme left of Gen. Lee's
line, and there took a small country road through the
woods towards one of the fords at w^hich Grant crossed
the Rapidan. After going some distance we halted,
formed a line of battle, a few pieces of artillery that ac-
companied us unlimbered, loaded and were ordered to
fire through the woods in the direction of the ford. The
firing was fast for a short time. The artillery then lim-
bered up, we returned by the same road, and resumed our
place in line with our division. We did not know what
this movement was for, until a few days later when we
learned that it was a feint on Grant's communications.
It is said that it made a great commotion in his army.

The giants had met and Grant was badly worsted in
his first encounter ! His loss was great. All along Lee's
line he had been repulsed ! In the little field in our front
the ground was literally covered with his dead! Our
loss was severe, nearly all of that splendid regiment, the
25th Va. of our brigade, having been captured. F. Com-

2o6 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

pany had amongst the wounded G. W. Brown, L. M.
Couch, N. A. Dowdy, A. C. Legg and li. Smith, and W.
D. Cunibia was killed. Among the killed in the division
were those splendid soldiers, Brigadier General Stafford
of the Louisiana brigade, and Brig. Gen. J. M. Jones of
our brigade. Gen. Jones was a strict disciplinarian, and
inaugurated several plans for the benefit of his men.
According to my information, he was the only officer
who made the men take care of themselves as far as they
could. He allowed no straggling, even the musicians
had to march in their places, and if he saw the men be-
coming weary or fagged, he ordered every musician to
the head of the brigade. One of the regiments had a
very good band, the others had small drum corps ; all
together they were a considerable company of musicians.
The general directed the band to play a short time, and
then the drum corps would play, — with four or five bass
drums and ten to twelve kettle drums and twelve to fif-
teen fifes, they made a big noise, and always received the
hearty approval of the men! It was noticeable that the
men began to close up, take step with the music, and
march several miles in this way, feeling refreshed.

Always on a march when we reached a stream that
must be forded, if the water came below the knee, every
man and officer who was walking was rcrpiired to take
off his shoes and socks and roll his pants up above his
knees. If the water was deep enough to reach above
the knees, all were required to strip; thus when we
crossed the stream we had dry clothes. This was a great
comfort to the men, but none of them would do it un-
less compelled. The men of our brigade sometimes tried
to evade it. Gen. Jones usually caught them, and woe
unto the man who was caught, whether officer or private!

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 207

He received a severe reprimand, and one of his staff
marched him back across the stream, and saw that he
stripped and then forded according to orders.

Well do I remember a laughable occurrence at Front
Royal. In one of our marches through the town after
the bridges over the Shenandoah river had been burned,
the citizens desired to see the soldiers ford the river.
Our brigade was in the front of the army that day, and
when we reached the river the hill around the ford was
covered with citizens, mostly women and children. Gen.
Jones and staff* had ridden into the water to allow their
horses to drink; the colonel at the head of the column
gave the order to halt, he then looked at the hill and then
at Gen. Jones, and then looked at the men ; the men did
the same thing. The General looked up, and not seeing
the men making preparation for fording, he called to the
colonel to know why the men did not strip and come
along. The colonel looked again at the hill and the
men, and then gave the command in a loud voice. " Strip,
men, and be ready to ford ! " The men hesitated, but
the general now hallooed to them to strip at once. This
we commenced to do, and several of the men had their
pants off before the citizens were aware of what was
going on. Then over the hill they went, pell mell,
amidst a general yell from the men! They did not see
us ford the river that day !

XXIV

SPOTTSYI.VANIA C. H,

On the morning of May 8th, 1864, the Second Corps,
the Second Brigade in front, marched from the left
of Lee's hne to the right of his hne in the Wilderness.
As we passed along the rear of the army, occasional
Yankee cannon shot passed over us, and occasionally a
musket ball. When on reaching the right of Lee's line
we continued our march in the same direction until
we came to woods on fire. Several miles our course
was through this fire, at times the heat was intense, and
the smoke suffocating! The men were very uneasy all
the time, fearing an explosion of their cartridges. We
finally emerged from the woods into a fair road, which
carried us by Todd's tavern and a mill. We had left the
mill behind us several miles, and overtook some of our
cavalry, who, since it was then two or three o'clock in the
afternoon, informed us that they were mighty glad to
see us, because they had been all day fighting \'ankces.
who were not far ahead. We heard the musketry, and
the order was given to "close up"; we marched along
the read for about half a mile, when we filed to the left
and marched in various directions, sometimes at a snail's
pace and then in a run! We stood seemingly for hours,
aufl finally at a double (|uick were thrown into line of
battle at Spott.sylvania C. H. This was just alx>ut sun-
set. We did not become engaged, but heard the enemy
taking position, too. About eight or nine o'clock our

line was moved about thirty or forty feet to the front,

208

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 209

and as we were in the presence of the enemy it was neces-
sary to use strategy. The markers were taken to the new
Hne and the officers in forming an aHgnment called out :
" John " or '' Bob," who answered, *' Where are you? "
The officer in reply indicated a step or two to his right
or left, as the direction and distance he wished the
marker to go, when the marker made the necessary
change of position, and the line quietly dressed on him.
In this way the line w^as finally formed, and we lay on
our arms for the night. Early in the morning of the 9th
we moved farther to our right, Johnson's division oc-
cupying the right of Lee's line. The Stonewall Brigade
was on the left of the division, the Louisiana Brigade
next on its right, the Second Brigade next, and the Third
Brigade next; they occupying the right of the division
and also of the army. The Second Brigade occupied
what is known as the " Bloody Angle," my regiment, the
2 1 St Va., being near the toe of the horseshoe, as it is
often called. As soon as our line was formed we began
to throw up breastw^orks. After our brigade finished
their works, our regiment secured a few axes and com-
menced to cut down the pine bushes that ran nearly up
to our line at this point. While we were thus engaged,
the Yankees opened fire on our line from several batter-
ies, and we took refuge at once in our breastworks,
which the 21st Va. Regt. found to be no protection, since
the angle w^as so abrupt that the enemy threw their shell
in our rear, as well as in our front ! As soon as they
ceased firing, we went to work and made regular pens
large enough to hold eight to ten men each, thus protect-
ing ourselves in all directions. Our regiment, the 21st
Va., had just finished the pens and the men were taking
places in them, when an order came from the division

2IO ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

coiniiiandcr fur us to report to Gen. Geo. 11. Stewart,
who commanded the Third Brigade of our division. All
the men and officers of our regiment protested against
this order. W'c had never fired a gun from hehind a
breastwork and these were made so much better than
any we had ever made, we desired to have the honor of
defending them! We were compelled to go, nevertheless;
we left our pens with many a grumble, and reported to
Gen. Stewart, who sent us about three-quarters of a mile
to the front. We halted in a large wood, on the south
side of a small branch, and formed a skirmish line along
this branch. The left of the line ran a short distance
alc)ng the border of a field, the remainder of the line
straight through the wood, and ended along the border
of another field. About one-third of the regiment was
placed on the line, the remainder took a position about
two hundred yards in the rear of the center and was
held as a reserve and also a relief. One of F Company
was detailed to take orders along the line, and to the regi-
ment. Xo enemy as yet had been seen, but about half
an hour after the line had been formed there came a mes-
sage along the line, saying, *' The Yankees have made
their appearance and are moving to the left ; " that is our
right. Late in the evening their skirmishers advanced
within range, in front of our left, and skirmishing con-
tinued until night. During the night other companies
from our regiment relieved those on the skirmish line;
and wlien morning came, we found that the enemy had
moved far enough to their left to come in contact with
oin* right, where skirmishing was kept up all day. with
an occasional shot on our left. The enemy had not made
their appearance before our center. Heavy fighting oc-
rnrnw] along the line of breastworks during the day, to

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 211

our left. The breastworks occupied by Dole's Brigade
and a company of Richmond Howitzers, just to the left
of the Stonewall Brigade of our division, were captured
by I the enemy; but troops near-by were hurried to that
point, and as soon as they could be formed in line, the or-
der was given to charge, and drive the Yanks out ! This
was done quickly and our line was reestablished. In this
charge a portion of the Second Brigade participated, and
were among the first to plant our standard on our breast-
works again. On the nth an occasional shot was fired
from their extreme left, and right of our regiment skir-
mish line, and we could hear some heavy fighting along
the line of battle on our left. Soon after dark the Yan-
kees commenced to move in front of our skirmish line, —
we could hear the rumble of wheels and the noise of
marching and the command to " close up," and it was
far in the night before the sounds ceased. This was the
prelude to an attack such as was not witnessed during
the war, and, I expect, was the heaviest attack ever made
at a single point by any army of the world ! It seems
that Gen. Hancock, with his corps of 25,000 men, con-
sisting of four divisions, eighty-five regiments of infan-
try and thirteen batteries of artillery, assisted by Wright's
Sixth corps of 15,000 men, was ordered to break our line
on the right. During the night of the nth Gen. Han-
cock moved this force to the front of the skirmish line
of the 2 1st Va. Regt., and formed a line of attack, —
two divisions front, the regiments massed, double columns
on center, making ten or twelve lines of battle. They
were ordered to move right ahead at the firing of the
signal gun at 4:30 a. m. — but the time was changed to
4:35 — and not to fire a shot until they were inside of
our works. Day broke on the 12th of May with a

21 J ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

heavy fog, drops of water were dripping from the trees,
as if after a rain. I had started from the reserve of
our regiment to the skirmish Hne with an order, when the
stilhiess was hroken by a cannon shot and the scream-
ing of a shell ! 1 put my hands instantly to my head to
see if it was on my shoulders; the shell seemed to come
so near me that it certainly took off my head! (Such
feelings as this often come to a soldier!) Recovering
from my dazed condition I proceeded. Before I
reached our line I could hear the sound of the marching
of 4ci,ooo men, and soon a few shots from our skirmish
line on the left put all on the watch. I saw the line ap-
proaching to my left, ran hack to the colonel and re-
ported to him ; and he immediately called the regiment to
attention. By this time the enemy had approached so
near that the regiment could see them. We saw their
immense numbers. Some of the skirmish officers ap-
peared and reported to the colonel that the enemy had
run over some of their men, that they seemed to pay no
attention to our men, and that the body was the largest
they ever saw! I was immediately sent out on the line
to recall all the skirmishers whom I could find; and as
soon as this was done, we faced about and marched to
our line of battle, making a circuit to the left so as to
avoid the enemy, who had now passed between us and
our breastworks. We at once heard heavy fighting in
our front. As soon as we came in sight of a field the
regiment halted, and the colonel sent me forward to make
a recognizance. Running to the field. I saw that the
farther end of it was perfectly blue with \'ankees, and
saw the smoke of the terrific fighting that was going on
further off! Running back. I made my rei)ort to the
colonel, lie called the rcL-iincnt to atlenlion and made

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 213

a circuit further to the left. This was the second and
last time during the war that a feeling of dread came
over me that I would be captured, and I said to myself,
" Well, old fellow, you are gone this time, and I will not
give ten cents for your chances of getting away!" I
was sent forward as a pilot, and in a short time an old.
ragged, dirty Confederate rose up from behind a bush
in my front, and took deliberate aim at me with his
musket. I cried, '' Don't shoot ! we are friends ! " I
saw an expression of doubt on the old fellow's face,
he knowing it was the direction of the enemy, momentar-
ily expected. I made haste to exclaim again that we
were skirmishers driven in, and were the 21st Va. Regi-
ment! Men rose up all along the line, and I knew we
were in front of a Confederate skirmish line. How my
heart jumped ! I felt so good I could have hugged every
one of them! We passed through their line and soon
reached the breastworks occupied by Davis's Brigade.
Wliile our regiment was at the front, our line of battle
was extended to the right by troops from Hill's corps,
and this was a part of his line. We went to the rear
and reported to Gen. Ewell, who informed us that our
division had been captured and that he thought we had
been captured too. This was a terrible blow to the
army, the capture of Johnson's division! — this was
Jackson's old division, and those were the men who had
done so much fighting, and who had made tliose wonder-
ful marches for him. They were now prisoners in the
hands of the Yankees. The number was small it is true
for a division, but they were such trained soldiers that
they counted as many in a fight. Jackson's old division
was annihilated, and ceased to be a division from that
date. The Old Stonewall, the Second, Third, and the

214 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

Louisiana Briirades lost their orcranizatioii als(X Han-
cock struck the breastworks and rushed over them, his
men turning to the rii^ht and left after getting inside,
and took our division in the rear. The artillery that was
supporting the line had l^een withdrawn during the night,
and had just gotten back, when the attack was made, and
only one piece had time to get into position and tire one
shot when the captain said he heard someone in his rear
say, '' Don't you fire that piece ! " and on looking around,
he was confronted by hundreds of Yankees. They cap-
tured all sixteen pieces! The situation seemed so criti-
cal at this time, that *' Marse Robert " came to the front
to look after it; he sent for Brig. Gen. Gordon, who was
in command of the reserves, and gave him directions
about bringing them up, where to place them, etc. Gor-
don soon had them in line, when Gen. Lee's presence was
noticed amongst the troops, and it was here that the
men showed the second time their devotion to him. A
great cry went up from them, *' Gen. Lee to the rear!
Gen. Lee to the rear! If Gen. Lee will go to the rear
we promise to drive the enemy back!" But the old
hero did not stir. (ien. Gordon then rode to him and
took his bridle and gently led liim to the rear, saying to
him. *' Those are Virginians and Georgians, Gen. Lee,
and they will do their duty!" '*Yes! Yes! we will
drive the \'ankces back, if (len. Lee will go to the rear! "
was the cry from the men, many of whom were in tears!
And well did they redeem their word! As soon as the
order was given. ''Forward!" they went, and it was
one of the most terrible battles of the war. in which the
slaughter of Hancock's men. who were hemmed in this
angle, was so great that it received its name of " The
Bloody .'\ngle." The enemy were finally dri\en back,

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 215

and sought refuge in a part of our captured breastworks,
where they were compelled to stay. The men of the re-
serve covered themselves with glory. The troops who
helped them shared the praise with them! Gordon was
made a Major-General at once!

All this had taken place while my regiment was being
driven in, and while it was at the rear. We were given
fresh ammunition and ordered to the front, a staff of-
ficer being sent with us to show to us our position. On
arriving at the designated point, we formed a line and
advanced through a large wood, and soon we were under
fire; but the undergrowth prevented us from seeing the
enemy. We advanced until we came to a small bottom
and going through that, reached the rise and plainly saw
the Yankees about one hundred and fifty yards from us.
They were in the pens made by our regiment, they were
standing up in those pens as thick as herrings in a barrel,
and as far back behind them as the smoke would allow
us to see, — such a mass of men I never saw! We found
one Confederate soldier, an Alabamian, who was stand-
ing behind a large pine tree, loading and firing with as
much deliberation as if he were firing at a target. He
was keeping the whole of Hancock's force back at this
point. He said he was a sharpshooter, and his line was
on each side of him ! There certainly was no other
Confederate in front of our regiment line, nor could we
see one either on the right or left. We lay dov/n, taking
advantage of everything that offered a protection, and
opened on the enemy ; — musket balls were fairly rain-
ing, great limbs of trees were cut ofif by bullets, as if
by an ax, the men seemed more uneasy about them than
about the balls. No cannon were used here. This was
the heaviest fire the world ever saw at a single point!

2i6 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

The fire from those 40,000 men was so heavy that they
hterally shot trees to pieces! The enemy used mules
to bring ammunition on the field, and some of their men
fired over 400 rounds, and there is on exhibition at the
War Department in Washington an oak tree about four-
teen inches in diameter, that was severed by minie balls
at this time. Our colonel and lieutenant-colonel were
wounded here early in the action, Seay and Richardson
of F Company, and many of the regiment were wounded.
After staying here about two or three hours, we were
ordered to tiie rear, and stayed there the remainder of
the day. gathering uj) the stragglers, and those of our
division who had escaped capture. That night we lay
down on the ground for rest, with truly grateful hearts
that our regiment had been ordered out of the breast-
works, even against our i)rotest, and sent to the front
on special service, escaping capture !

We remained in the rear until the morning of the 15th.
We found in the middle of our camp, in the open field,
an old hare's bed containing four little ones, the old
mammy having run away on our ai)proach ! I do not
know that I ever saw men more solicitous for the welfare
of anything than were those grizzly warriors for those
little bunnies. It was raining, and some wanted to make
a house over them, others wanted to hold their oilcloths
over them, no one was allowed to touch them, one might
look as much as one choose, but, hands ofT! When we
left it was a sad parting.

This attack by Hancock lliat was so formidable and
was intended to cut Lee's hnes, was one of the most
terrible battles of the war, and ended in a miserable fail-
ure. (3ur line was straightened across the bend that night,
breastworks were thmun up and we had a much better

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 217

line than before, both as to direction and position. While
we were in the rear, we collected about six hundred men
of the division, and marclied to the front and took posi-
tion in this new ] i\.\ The day was quiet in our front.
On the i6th we 1..: 1 ^\)me skirmishing. On the 17th
Rodes' skirmishers :.iA our regiment made an attack
on the enemy. Oa the i8th, the enemy, having been
heavily reinforce J, miide an attack in our front, and
were easily repuls-^^d with heavy loss. On the 19th the
enemy disappeared from our front during the night,
moving to their left. The Second Corps followed them,
and came up with them late in the evening, when we
made a fierce attack, lasting until late in the night. Dur-
ing the night we marched back to our old position 'n\
the breastworks, and rested there.

About the coolest thing I saw during the war was un-
der that terrific fire from the Yankees who were in our
breastworks. It should be remembered that when we
took our position in their front, we found one lone Con-
federate who was keeping up a steady fire on them !
This man had captured a Yankee knapsack which he
had strapped to his back. Soon after our arrival he
stopped firing, and said he wanted to see what it had in
it, and that he needed a change of underclothing very
badly. Taking off the knapsack, he opened it, and from
the remarks he made as he took out each article and in-
spected it, he seemed to have gotten possession of a big
clothing store with a notion store thrown in! He se-
lected a suit of underclothing, laid them aside, then re-
placed the remainder in the knapsack, fastened that, then
deliberately undressed, taking off every piece of his
clothing, even his socks, put on the clean ones, donned
his old uniform, quietly took his gun, brought it up to

2i8 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

his sliuulder, took deliberate aim and fired, and loaded
and fired as long as \ve were there!

Brig. Gen. Walker, the commander of the Stonewall
Brigade, in writing of this battle says: '' The rapid firing
of our skirmishers in a heavy wooded ravine in front
of the center of Johnson's line, gave notice that the enemy
was advancing, and the heavy tramp of a large body of
infantry and the sharp words of command could be dis-
tinctly heard. Our men were all up and ready for them
with muskets cocked, peering through the gloom for the
first glimpse of their foes. The enemy had emerged from
the ravine, and advanced about one-third of the way
across the open plateau before they could be seen, of
could themselves see our works on account of the fog.
All at once the slow lifting fog showed them our heavily
fortified position, some four or five hundred yards in
their front. At this unexpected but unwelcome sight,
the advancing column paused and wavered and hesitated
and seemed to refuse the task before them. Their
mr)unlcd officers rode to the front and urged them on,
while many officers on foot and horseback shouted, ' For-
ward I men, forward'! and repeated the words again
and again. Then the moment for the Confederate fire
had come, and the men rising to full height, leveled
their trusty nuiskets deliberately at the halting column,
with a ])racticed aim which would have carried havoc
into their ranks. But the searching damp had disarmed
them, and instead of the leaping line of fire and the sharp
crack of the musket came the pop! pop! pop! of explod-
ing caps as the hammer fell upon them! .\ few, very
few pieces fired clear, fresh caps were ])ut on only to
produce another failure; the jinwder had gotten damp
and would not fire !

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 219

" As the enemy received no fire from our line, they took
heart and again moved forward with rapid strides; on
they came unopposed and in a few moments had torn
our well constructed abattis away and were over our
w^orks taking prisoners of our unarmed troops. This
statement as to the failure of the muskets of our men
to fire is true, as to that portion of our line between
the Stonewall brigade and the salient, which was as far
as my vision extended; but I have been told by officers
of the Second Brigade that the right of that brigade
had been more careful or more fortunate, and their
muskets were in good order, and that the enemy was re-
pulsed in front of that portion of our line with great
loss, and that they held their position until the enemy's
troops, w^ho had crossed to their left, had swung round
in their rear and come up behind them."

Major D. W. Anderson of the 44th Va. Regiment of
the Second Brigade was officer of the day on the nth,
and he says : Capt. Clary of Gen. Johnson's staff came
to him at 4 a. m. on the 12th, and stated that Gen. John-
son sent him orders to see the regimental commanders,
and tell them to wake up their men and have them in
the trenches, and see that their guns were in good order.
This order was promptly obeyed, and he further says
that w^hen the enemy advanced they were repulsed with
great slaughter, not one getting to the breastworks until
they had crossed to the left and came up in their rear,
when they were taken prisoners and marched back some
two or more miles to Provost Marshal General Patrick's
headquarters, where, he says, one of Gen. Patrick's staff
said to him, " They charged us wnth only 45,000 this
morning ! "

Among the lost in our division were Alajor Gen. John-

220 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

son and Brig. Gen. Stewart, captured ; Brig. Gen.
Walker and Col. \V. A. Witclier, who commanded the
Second Brigade, were wounded. F Company lost W. B.
Edmunds and P. S. Richeson, wounded; and W. C.
Seay died a few hours after being wounded.

While we were engaged in these battles, Sheridan
with his cavalry left Grant's army May 9, 1864, on a
raid to cut Lee's communications, and capture Richmond !
On the morning of the 12th, he arrived at Brook school-
house, about three and a (juarter miles from Richmond
on the Brook turnpike. At that time my grandmother,
the widow of Capt. John Goddin, lived on the west side
of that road two and a quarter miles from Richmond,
her house fronting south. In front of it, several hun-
dred yards off, was a fort, situated on the turnpike at
Laburnam. On the Hermitage road w^as a similar fort,
and they were connected by breastworks.

On the morning of tlie 12th grandmother got up early
to do the churning, preferring to do it herself, taking her
position on the front porch. When the butter ** had
come," she went to the well at the side of the house to
cool the churn dasher, and get some cold water to take
the butter up. At the same moment a squad of ^'ankee
cavalry came around the other side <>f the house, and,
perceiving the clunn. helped themselves to buttermilk,
and when the old lady came back she found the ^'ankees
on the porch, one with the churn to his lips, drinking!
It made the old lady hot. and she whacked him as hard
as she could with the dasher, and said some very plain
words to the party. They ran off in a good humor, say-
ing they would see if our breastworks were manned.
Going down a dividing fence until they reached the La-
burnam fence, thev fired a few shots and at once discov-

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 221

ered the breastworks were manned! Running back to
the house they went to the barnyard, took possession of
a mule and cart, filled the cart with corn, and drove off
towards the main body, which was at Brook school-
house. All at grandmother's home lamented the loss of
the fine mule and cart, but about two hours after the
mule came back with the empty cart!

That party of Yankees went nearer to Richmond than
any during the war. I should say the distance by the
Brook turnpike was about two miles and one hundred
yards.

XXV

HANOVER JUNCTIOX. nKTIIFSDA CHURCH. COLD HARBOR

On May 19th llic Second Corps singularly occupied
the left of Lee's line of battle at Spottsylvania C. H.
When the line was first formed we were on the right, but
Grant made all his movements to our right, and Gen.
Lee. in withdrawing men from the left to strengthen his
right, had taken all except our corps. On the 21st we
were aroused at daybreak, and as soon as we formed
ranks, marched out of our breastworks towards the right
of our line and as we passed, an occasional cannon shot
and minie ball from the enemy passed over us. We
marched past our right a short distance and took a road
leading in the direction of Richmond, continuing the
march in that direction till night, when we stopped to
rest.

It will he remembered that Edward Johnson's division
were nearly all captured on May 12. This was Jack-
son's old division and consisted of the Stonewall (the
First), the Second, and Third brigades, all Virginians,
except two North Carolina regiments in the Third, and
the I"<»urth Brigade, which consisted of Louisianians.
After bringing together the Virginia stragglers and such
as were not captured, and putting regiments into com-
panies, and brigades into regiments, we found we had
about six hundred men. These men were organized
and called a brigade, and William 1'erry. an officer of the
Stonewall brigade, was made Brigadier General and ap-
pointed its commander. It was known to the end of the

222

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 223

war as Terry's Brigade. The Louisiana brigade was
consolidated with another from that state in Early's
division, and was commanded by Brig. Gen. York. The
North Carolinians joined some brigade from that state.

When Terry's brigade marched out into the road the
morning of the 21st, we were joined by Evans' brigade
and York's brigade and were told that Brig. Gen. Gordon
had been made a Major-General and put in command
of these three brigades, which were afterwards known as
Gordon's division of the Second Corps (Jackson's old
Corps), the division taking a prominent part in all its
operations until the end came at Appomattox. While
the brigade was known officially as Terry's, its members
continued to designate the different bodies as the Stone-
wall brigade, the Second, and Third, and in speaking or
writing of them I use these names. Thus the Stonewall
brigade consisted in our view of its old members who
were present, however few, and we spoke of the mem-
bers of other brigades in the same way. We did this
instead of using regiments to designate portions of this
multiform brigade.

Gen. Gordon soon rode by, and we filed into the road
and followed him, reaching Hanover Junction in the
night and ahead of Grant, who was marching for the
same point. The next morning we formed a line of
battle in a wood across the road on which he was march-
ing, and when his advance approached, it found Lee in
his front again. We remained in our position, momen-
tarily expecting an attack. Grant moved some of his
troops across the South Anna river, and made a demon-
stration in front of our line. We were joined during
the day and night by the remainder of Lee's army, who
took position to our right and left. The next morning

224 OXE Ol' J ACKSOX'S FOOT CAVALRY

our division was hurried at a double quick to the left
of Lee's line, and at once formed a line of battle. The
hurry and the firing in our front, caused us to expect to
become heavily engaged. We waited several hours and
marched to the right of the line, staying there all night.
The following morning we took position on the east of
the Riclimond, TVedericksburg & Potomac railroad, and
threw up breastw^orks ; and continued in that position
until the morning of the 27th.

Grant, after making a slight attack, left our front
during the night of the 26th, swinging around to our
right. The Second corps, early on the morning of the
27th, were on the march to oppose him again. We
marched to Pole Green Church, the place where Jack-
son first struck McClellan's outpost in 1862. On the
morning of the 29th, we formed a line of battle not far
from Bethesda Church and threw up breastworks, and
when Grant came along the road that evening, he found
our division across the road in his front and again ready
for him! After slight skirmishing he drew off without
making an attack. On the next morning the Second
corps made an attack in our front and drove him alx:)ut
one and a half miles; we then returned to our line, re-
suming our position in the breastworks.

Tucker Randolph, the gallant lx)y soldier, an old 1\
was killed in tliis fight. He deserves more than a pass-
ing notice. Entering the service at seventeen years old,
he took an active part in the comi)any from the first,
and was one of the first men promoted on getting into
the field. .\ corporal, then a sergeant, wounded at
Kernstown. he was soon after promoted to a lieutenancy
and a])i>ointed an aide on Gen. John Pegram's staff, and
was killed while displaying conspicuous gallantry!

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 225

We moved to the right on the 31st, and again threw
up breastworks. On June ist the Second corps marched
to the front to make an attack on the enemy, but for
some reason it was not made; after sharp skirmishing
lasting until sunset, w^e returned to our breastworks.
On the next morning we moved out again and made
the attack, taking three lines of fortifications and cap-
turing about seven hundred prisoners. We remained in
the enemy's line next to them until about midnight of
the 3d, when we withdrew, and took our old position in
our breastworks. While we were in the enemy's works,
they made several slight attacks on us, firing their artil-
lery through the woods and once they fired two rammers
of their cannon, the rammers sticking in the ground a
little in rear of the 21st Va. Regt. Corporal Ander-
son of F Company was wounded in those fortifications
on the 3d, and Captain Jordan was severely wounded
while he was on the skirmish line in front of them.

The enemy left the front of our corps during the night
of the 5th. We followed them the next morning, and
found them fortified about one and a half miles to our
right. On the 7th, the skirmishers were ordered for-
ward, and our division w^as ordered to support them.
We found the enemy strongly fortified. On the 9th,
the Second corps moved to the right and rear of Gen.
Lee's line, w^here we stacked arms and went into camp,
after being on active duty for thirty-five days and under
fire each day.

Because Lieut. -Gen. Ewxll was sick, the corps was
under the command of Major-Gen. Early during these
operations, and Major-Gen. Ramsuer was assigned to
command Early's division.

The Second Corps now consisted of Rodes', Gordon's,

226 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

and Ramsuer's divisions of infantry with the usual ar-
tillery. Since the battle of the Wilderness May 5th,
our corps had lost heavily in men and officers; Maj.-Gcn.
Edward Johnson and Brig. -Gen. Stewart were captured,
Brig.-Gencrals Pegram, J. A. Walker, R. D. Johnston
and Hays were wounded, and Brig. -Generals Stafford,
Doles, Daniel and J. M. Jones were killed. The ** ham-
mering " had commenced and was telling, although we
did not realize it at that time.

The Army of Northern Virginia had inflicted terrible
losses on the enemy. It is said by their historians that
Grant lost at this time about as many men as there were
in Gen. Lee's army — the loss he sustained before cross-
ing James river made the total about ten thousand more
than Lee's whole force.

One of the incidents of this campaign was the visit
of an old up-C(nintry man, who came to see his son in
our division. He wore a stovepipe hat, and the men
had great fun over the hat, Init he was a jolly old fellow
and was not worried by them ; — he was very anxious
to see a battle. Wc made one of our advances while
he was with us ; he accompanied his son, and returned
with us unhurt, the most enthusiastic man I ever saw.

While we were marching througli Hanover County,
an old lady came to the fence, which ran along the road,
and wanted to know of us if we belonged to " Mr. Lee's
Company." We told her we belonged to Gcii. Lee's
army! She wanted to know how her son was, and
when we informed her that we did not know him. she
was perfectly astonished to think any man in ** Mr.
Lee's Comi)any " did not kntnv all the men in it.

XXVI

LYNCHBURG

On June 12th the Second Corps received orders to
cook rations and be ready to move early the next morn-
ing. We were aroused about midnight, formed line,
and before day marched out of the woods into a road
leading towards Mechanicsville. Arriving there we
turned towards Richmond, thinking we were going to
head Grant off on the south side of the Chickahominy.
Soon after crossing that stream, we turned to the right
instead of the left, as we supposed. '' What does this
mean ? " was the question among the men. We marched
around Richmond to the Three Chops Road and then
turned to the right again — we gave up guessing, except
that possibly Jackson's old corps was going back to the
valley.

In marching around Richmond, our route was about
a mile from the home of relatives of mine, and I went
to see them. When I reached the house I found all the
ladies of the family and two of Richmond's belles as-
sembled in a large porch. I was welcomed most cordi-
ally, and told I was just in time for luncheon. In a few
minutes the dining-room servant appeared with a large
waiter filled with ash cakes. Without formality each
took one in his hand, and was then presented with a
huge glass filled with buttermilk and ice, one of the
belles waiting on me. In this plain but wholesouled
manner w^e partook of our luncheon. That was a rich
treat to me, and I know that it was enjoyed by the belles

227

228 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

more than if set with fashion's formality. I can see
those belles now as they were eating their ash cake and
buttermilk, entering into the fun and mirth of the occa-
sion, notwithstanding we could hear the distant cannon
from Lee's and Grant's armies and the cheers from my
own corps, marching we knew not whither. We
marched until late in the afternoon, and went into camp
near Ground Squirrel bridge, having marched over
twenty-five miles. On the following morning we
marched again. About ten o'clock Gen. Gordon passed
us and told us not to march so fast, or the mules to the
wagons would not be able to keep up with us, and in
consequence we would not have any supper. Gordon
always had something pleasant to say to his men, and
I will bear my testimony that he was the most gallant
man I ever saw on a battlefield. He had a way of put-
ting things to the men that was irresistible, and he
showed the men, at all times, that he shrank from
nothing in battle on account of himself. Many a time
I saw him ride along the skinnish line in our valley
campaign and say to the skirmishers, " Let's drive those
fellows (the enemy) away, and let our line of battle
stay where they are! 1 hey are lazy fellows, anyway! "
or some similar remark. The skirmishers were devoted
to him, and would generally do as he wished.

On the 15th we came in sight of the Central Rail-
road, passing Trevillian's depot, where Sheridan's cav-
alry and ours, under Hampton, had had a fight two or
three days before. We could see the dead horses, torn-
down fences, etc., as nothing had been touched ; and we
saw the rail pens used by Hampton's men that Sheridan
made such an ado about, saying he could nnt whip
Hampton as his men were behind such strong fortifica-

1864

and tin can for cooking.

Opposite page 228.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 229

tions! On the evening of the i6th we went into camp
about one mile beyond Keswich depot. On the 17th my
brigade got on the cars a Httle north of Keswich and was
carried to Lynchburg. Much to the surprise of the men
we found the town in great excitement, because the
enemy, under the command of Gen. Hunter, had ad-
vanced to within two miles of the place. There was a
small force in his front and the citizens expected imme-
diately to see the enemy march into the town. Our
presence brought an immediate change. We were
cheered to the echo, and the ladies waved their hands
and gave us lunches and cool water as we marched
through the city. All wished that Hunter would stay
until Early could bring all his army. We marched past
the fair grounds and formed a line of battle, were or-
dered forward and halted near the schoolhouse, remain-
ing there all night. We heard skirmishing in our front
and heavy cannonading on our left. We remained in
line of battle until the afternoon of the i8th, when we
received orders to cook rations and be ready to move
early in the morning. This meant that the remainder
of our force was up, and we were going to attack
Hunter as soon as it was light enough to see. Our
skirmish line advanced in the morning and found that
Hunter had slipped out of the trap during the night,
and was in full retreat. Immediate pursuit com-
menced, and we overtook him going into camp at Lib-
erty, Bedford County. Our advance attacked him at
once and he retreated further on, we camping in the
place selected by him. We marched twenty-five miles
during the day, and it is seen that we did not let him rest
much. We followed Hunter closely until we came to
Salem, Roanoke County, when Gen. Early gave up the

230 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

pursuit and turned towards the valley. Before we
reached Salem, he sent McCausland with his cavalry
around to the rear of Hunter. McCausland succeeded
in cutting off part of the enemy's wagon train, and cap-
tured ten pieces of artillery.

During this march, soon after passing Big Lick, in
the afternoon, approaching one of the handsome resi-
dences in that part of the country, we noticed several
ladies standing on the side of the road, and when we
came nearer we saw two beautiful young ladies and
their maids and near them were two huge wash tubs.
The young ladies gave us an invitation to come forward
and partake of some ice water and brandy julep. The
men needed no second invitation ; the head of the col-
umn marched up, the young ladies handed each man a
drink, which was received eagerly, with many grateful
wishes for their future welfare. I was told that the
tubs were repeatedly emi)tie(l and filled. 'Jliis was the
biggest julep treat of my experience.

We marched a short distance from Salem and en-
camped, remaining in this camp the next day, taking a
much-needed rest. Many men were barefooted, — .some
for want of shoes, others having sore feet from new
shoes and unable to wear them, and to the latter class I
belonged. I started from Richmond wearing a new pair
of heavy English shoes and when 1 took them off at
the close of the first day's march, nearly all the skin on
my feet came off with my socks, and I went through the
campaign as far as Washington City and back to Win-
chester barefooted, and kept my i)lace in the ranks, too.
Several days I carried my shoes tied together and
thrown over my shoulders, but was troubled so much
by questions and requests U) buy them, that I finally

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 231

gave them to a comrade who had none. On the 23d
we took up our march, and the next day, at the request
of the men, we were marched over the Natural Bridge,
and were allowed to stop there an hour or two to rest
and view the bridge. Resuming our march, we went
into camp about sunset. The next morning as we passed
through Lexington, the whole corps marched through
the burial ground and past Jackson's grave. What hal-
lowed memories it brought up! and many a tear was
seen trickling down the cheeks of his veterans ; and how
many of them had crossed the river, and were then rest-
ing ''beneath the shade of the trees" with him! We
continued our march, and on the 27th reached Staunton.

Fourteen clays had elapsed since we left Lee's line
at Richmond. During that time we marched in eleven
days, 235 miles, the last day marching only six miles.
On our march from Lynchburg, we passed many private
places that had been pillaged or destroyed by Hunter's
army, and at Lexington we passed the ruins of the Vir-
ginia Military Institute which was burned by him while
he was on his march to Lynchburg.

On the 28th we resumed our march down the valley
and felt perfectly at home, since nearly all the valley
from Staunton to the Potomac river was familiar to
us, and many of its inhabitants old acquaintances. We
stopped regularly at night and continued the march each
day. On the afternoon of July 3d we reached Martins-
burg, running in on the Yankees who were there, so
suddenl}^ that they did not have time to move any of
their stores. They were making big preparations to
celebrate the Fourth, and many of the men had received
boxes of good things from home and friends. The
depot and express office were filled with articles of this

232 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

kind. A guard was placed around these buildings and
their storehouses. The express oftlce was put in charge
of a quartermaster who was an old friend of mine. At
night I went there and inquired of the guard for him
and he let me into the building. He was very glad to
see me, as he had only one man to help him get these
articles in shape, and asked me to help him ; this I con-
sented to do, if he would give me a barrel of cakes.
He said ** all right." I found one and carried it out
and turned it over to my company. Returning, I went
to work with a will, but with so many good things in
sight, and others we knew were in the boxes, I was
compelled to say to my friend that I must have some-
thing to eat before I could work any more, and added,
'* I hadn't * nary ' mouthful for three days." I looked
over some of the boxes and choosing one, opened it, and
found it filled with cakes, oranges, bananas, lemons, etc.,
and a bottle of wine. T got a chair, as the soldiers said
*' a sure enough chair,'' and sat down to my box and
ate, and ate, until I could eat no more. Then I went to
work again with renewed energy. The quartermaster
just then wanted something from one of his associates
who was at the depot, and I offered to go for him, which
was agreed to, and he gave me his directions. When
I reached the depot I found it filled with trunks, boxes,
etc. After discharging my errand, I looked around the
depot a few minutes, and told the man in charge that
he ought to send his friend, the quartermaster, one of
the trunks for him to put some of the articles at the
express ofllce in to take with him. He said he would
be much obliged if I would take one. I shouldered one
at once, carried it out, and got a comrade to help carry
it to the express office. I made my report and opened

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 233

the trunk. In it was a magnificent saddle and a lot of
clothing, which I gave to the quartermaster, a fine pair
of boots, a gold pen, a lot of writing paper, and a plum
cake which I '' confiscated," the boots fitting me to a
T. When my feet were healed so that I could wear
them, I wore them until I went home. I joined my com-
pany, who were profuse in their thanks for the cakes,
and soon fell asleep, — dreaming of little cakes, big
cakes, and a mountain made of cakes.

The next morning was the Fourth of July, 1864!
Gen. Early did not move us at the usual early hour, but
issued to the men the good things captured the evening
before. They were divided among the men as fairly as
possible, F Company getting a few oranges, lemons,
cakes and candy, and a keg of lager beer. We certainly
enjoyed the treat, and celebrated the day as well as we
could for our hosts, and regretted they did not stay to
preside for us. We drank their health with the wish
that they would do the like again. This was the big-
gest Fourth of July picnic celebration we enjoyed dur-
ing the war. We took up our march and crossed the
Potomac river at Shepherdstown. I took off my cloth-
ing, made a bundle, secured it around my neck with my
belt. I walked into the water and commenced to ford.
About one-third of the way the bottom of the river was
covered with large round stones, then a smooth and
level bed of granite which extended nearly to the oppo-
site bank. I got along very well until I reached the
level granite bottom, which was covered with minute
shells, adhering to the granite, so very sharp that they
stuck into my feet at every step. I walked on them
until I thought I could not take another step, stopped,
but could not keep my feet still, — thought of sitting

234 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

clown, but the water was just deep enough to cover my
mouth and nose if I had sat down. I thought I would
turn back, but I saw it was just as far back as to the
other side. Tears actually came into my eyes. I was
never in as much torture for the same length of time in
my life. Finally I got over, with the resolve never to
ford there again without shoes.

We went into camp at night on the banks of the
Antietam, on the ground occupied by a part of McClel-
lan's army at the battle of Sharpsburg. The next day
Gordon's division marched to Harper's Ferry, where
we drove the enemy into their fortifications. We re-
mained there the succeeding day, skirmishing, and left
during the night, marching to Norristown. where we
joined the remainder of our corps. The next morning
we crossed South Mountain at Fox Gap, and went into
camp near Middletown.

During these operations Gen. Early had been joined
by Gen. Breckenbridge's command, which we found at
Lynchburg. It consisted of two brigades of infantry,
some cavalry, and artillery. Gordon's division at this
juncture was assigned to Breckenbridge, making a corps
or wing under his command.

XXVII

MONOCACY

We left camp or rather our bivouac near Middletown
early on July 9th. Taking the road to Frederick City,
Maryland, we marched around the town and in sight
of it. It was a beautiful day in this beautiful country.
The sun was bright and hot, a nice breeze was blowing
which kept us from being too warm, the air was laden
with the perfume of flowers, the birds were singing in
bush and tree, all the fields were green with growing
crops; the city, with its thriftiness, looked as if it had
just been painted and whitened; a few floating clouds
adding effect to the landscape. It was a day and hour
to impress all. We were quietly marching along, talk-
ing about the scene and the day.

In our march we had left the city in our rear and
were nearing the Monocacy, a river crossing the road
on which we were marching. We soon heard the crack
of muskets, and at almost the same moment the roar
of cannon! We knew what that meant, that the
Yankees were going to dispute our crossing of the river.
The two divisions in front of us were hurried forward,
our division halted after going a short distance, and we
were told to stack arms and rest, as we would not go
into the fight. The men took off blankets, oilcloths,
etc., and stretched them in fence corners, on muskets and
rails, to make a shelter from the sun. We were in the
road and on a hill which overlooked the battle that was
about to be fought in our front. We made ourselves

235

236 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

comfortable and lay down under the shelter provided,
to look at a battle, something we had never done. We
were Jackson's old '' foot cavalry." We saw our men
take position in line of battle, the skirmishers go for-
ward, become engaged with the enemy on the opposite
side of the river, a battery here and there on the other
side shelling our men, while the continual crock of mus-
kets told that the shelling made no impression on our
skirmishers, who were now in the bushes along the river
bank. Some of our guns went into position and opened
fire, our line of battle moved forward, — all this in
plain view of our division. It was very exciting to us
old Confederates, and a yell went up along our line
every few minutes as we saw- our men get into some bet-
ter place and nearer the enemy. The men of our divi-
sion were suggesting to each other a line on which the
two divisions should cross over. Suddenly our atten-
tion was called to a man riding up the road towards us,
leaving a streak of dust behind him. He rode up to
Gen. Gordon, who was at the head of the division, de-
livered a message, the general gave an order to his of-
ficers in front, and mounted his horse. We were called
to attention, the men taking down llieir blankets and
oilcloths, and rolling them up to take with them. The
order was given, "Take arms! — no time now^ for
blankets, but get into your places at once." ** Right
face! forward march!" was the command all down the
line, and away we went. " What is the matter?" was
the question amongst the men. We thought we were
to be spectators, and why just as things had began to
get interesting in front, break in ujxin us and actually
make some of us leave our blankets and oilcloths, arti-
cles we had captured in some former battle. The men

l^^

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 237

seemed to dislike to lose those articles more than miss
seeing the battle. We were hurried along the road a
short distance, and filed to the right, going through
fields and over fences until we came to the river, we
suppose a mile or so from our line of battle. We found
a small path on the river bank leading down to water,
and on the opposite bank a similar one, denoting a ford
used by neighbors for crossing the river. The crack-
ing of muskets on the opposite side of the river told us
that the front of our division, which had crossed, was
engaged. My brigade was the rear one, and, as the
regiments crossed, they marched up the river along the
low bank and formed in line, and were ordered forward
to the attack. As the Second Brigade mounted the hill,
we saw in our front a field of corn about waist high,
extending to a post and rail fence, and behind that fence
the Yankee line of battle. They began to shoot at us
as soon as we were in sight. Our men on our right
were heavily engaged, and we broke into a run with a
yell and went toward the fence. In a moment or two
we captured it, and the Yankees were running to
another. An officer came along our line and said that
we were not wanted there, that Gen. Gordon wasl waiting
for the Second Brigade, that we were wrong and must
fall back through the corn, behind the hill, on the low
bank, and form at once and go to Gen. Gordon. We
had been fighting all the time, but as soon as the men
could be made to understand, they ran to the rear. The
brigade was soon formed and we marched by the flank
further up the river, tl^en the head of the column was
turned to the right, and we marched up on top of the
hill. There was Gordon, — I shall recollect him to my
dying day, — not a man in sight, — he was sitting on his

238 OXK OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

horse as quietly as if nothing was going on, wearing
his old red shirt, the sleeves pulled up a little, the only
indication that he was ready for the fight. Our division
was heavily engaged on the right, and the troops on the
other side of the river were keeping up their fire, as we
could plainly hear. We were to the left of the corn
field, and marching ohliquely from it. The ground had
a gentle inclination and the fields were enclosed with
post and rail fences. As we approached Gen. Gordon,
he rode forward to meet us and said, " Flurry up, boys,"
turning his horse and taking the lead. The head of the
colunm was soon near a fence, and high enough up the
hill to see some distance. Looking through this fence,
we could see another fence parallel to and about two
hundred yards from it ; just on the other side of the
second fence was a line of Yankees marching towards
the river. They were going at a double quick step and
at a right-shoulder-shift arms, every man seemed to be
in place, and the manner of their marching looked more
like a drill than a movement in battle. The men at the
head <jf our C(jlumn seeing this, gave a yell, and sang
out, " At them, boys! " Now came Gen. Gordon's part;
turning quietly in his saddle he said, " Kcej) cjuiet, we'll
have f»ur time presently." As we were now near the
fence Gen. Gordon said, '^ Some of you ])ull down the
fence, so that we may go through!" In an instant
several panels of the fence were down, the men quietly
stepping aside to let the general go through, and as
soon as this was done, they hurried through the fence.
The first man to folknv the general through the fence
was one of V Company, and he was barefooted. The
general led in the direction in which we had been march-
ing, and tried to allay the excitement of the men; this

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 239

he was able to do, until about a hundred passed through
the fence, when the cry went up from the men, " Charge
them ! charge them ! " It w^as useless for Gen. Gordon
to try to stop it now, — nothing but a shot through each
man could have done it, — and with a yell, we were at
the fence. A volley from our guns, — and that magnifi-
cent body of men who were taking their places in line
w^ere flying! The other men of our brigade came up
as fast as they could run and delivered their fire at the
fleeing enemy. Over the fence w^e w^ent, the enemy run-
ning in all directions. Up went our old yell all along
the line of our division, and it was answ^ered by our
comrades on the other side of the river. A little way
beyond the fence the hill falls abruptly to a small val-
ley, and through this valley ran the road to Washing-
ton. Some of the enemy stopped at that road, turned,
and fired at us. It was just here that Porter Wren of
F Company received his fatal wound. He turned and
managed to walk back to the fence, tried to get over it,
but fell back — dead ! Immediately on the brow of the
hill I passed a Yankee colonel, laying on the ground
dead.

This was the most exciting time I witnessed during
the war. The men were perfectly wild when they came
in sight of the enemy's column, knowing as they did,
that the first line that fired would have the advantage
of the other. It was as much as Gen. Gordon could do
to keep the head of the column from making an attack.
Our division pursued the enemy a short distance, when
the pursuit was taken up by Ramsuer's division, who
had crossed the river on the railroad bridge, as soon as
w^e cleared the w^ay. It was about sunset now, and my
brigade went into camp in an orchard near the road, —

240 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

oil the same ground over which we chased the enemy a
few minutes before. In this orchard were several of
the enemy, wounded. One of them asked me for some
water, and stated he had had a canteen but one of our
men had taken it from him. Poor fellow ! I went to
a spring, filled a canteen and carried it to him, and as
I had two canteens, gave him this one, and told him that
in case some of our men wanted it, he must tell them
what I had done for him, and I was sure none of our
men would take it. I had a full haversack that I had
taken from the body of a dead Yankee on the hill, and
offered him something to eat, but he said he had his own
haversack, and it was full. He seemed to be very grate-
ful for my little attention.

A mill pond was near us, and many of us took a bath,
which refreshed us very much. I ate a good supper
out of my Yankee haversack, and soon went to bed for
the night. F Company liad H. C. Fox wounded, and
J. Porter Wren killed. Early's loss was not large, and
was confined principally to Gordon's division. Among
the wounded was Brig.-Gen. Evans. We captured five
or six hundred prisoners, and Gen. Early sent us word
to take no more, as he did not know what to do with
them. The tables were completely turned on Gordon's
division. We thought we would Tcitncss the battle, but
our little army saw our division of 2,300 men whip Wal-
lace's force of 10,000,

The road to Washington was now open, and we has-
tened the next day as fast as men could travel.

Gen. Breckcnridge, who commanded his own and
Gordon's division during this campaign, said to Gen.
Gordon about this battle, " Gordon, if you had never
made a fight before, this ought to immortalize you."

XXVIII

WASHINGTON

On the morning of July loth we marched early, pass-
ing through Urbanna, Hyattstown, and Clarksburg,
going into camp about sunset, having marched twenty
odd miles. The day was a terribly hot one and the men
straggled a great deal, although it was reported that the
enemy's cavalry we left at Harper's Ferry were follow-
ing us, and picking up all they could reach from our
stragglers.

^^^e were up and moving early the next morning,
passing through Rockville, Maryland, and at two or
three p. m. the head of Gordon's division passed the toll
gate about four or five miles from Washington. We
inquired what road we were on, and were informed that
it was the Seventh Street pike. The enemy were shell-
ing the road at this point with their big guns. We soon
came in sight of the Soldiers' Home, where the enemy
had a signal station, and we were really at Washington
City. We could see their fortifications and the men
marching into them on each side of the road on which
we were. Their dress induced us to think they were
the town or city forces, some of them looking as if they
had on linen dusters, and there being none in regular
uniform.

Probably the day was hotter than the preceding, and
we had been marching faster too. Consequently there
was more straggling. Our division was stretched out

241

242 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

almost like skirmishers, and all the men did not get up
until night. Rodes' division was in front. He had
formed a line of battle and sent forward his skirmishers,
who had driven the enemy into their fortifications. Our
division stacked arms on the side of the road, the men
broke ranks and looked around. A house between the
two lines was burning. I went to Silver Springs, the
country home of ]\Ir. Blair, one of Lincoln's cabinet,
and got water, and examined the place. It was a splen-
did home. When I came back I went to the front and
looked out on the situation. As far as my eye could
reach to the right and left there were fortifications, and
the most formidable looking I ever saw ! In their front
the trees had been cut down so that the limbs pointed
towards us and they were sharpened. About midway
of the clearing was a creek that seemed to run near the
fortifications and parallel with them. The enemy had
a full sweep of the ground for at least a mile in their
front, and if their works were well manned, our force
would not be able to take them, since, as I suppose. Gen.
Early's entire command did not number lo.ooo. Night
came on and found us occupying the same positi(^n.
The next morning Gordon's division marched to the
front, formed line of battle, advanced to the Qilgc of
the wood and lay down, while our skirmish line was sent
forward to the creek. We remained in our position all
day. The enemy were shelling us at intervals, and in
the afternoon they sent forward their skirmishers with
a large force following them. They made an attack
on Rodes' front. He repulsed them and drove them
back into their works. At nii^ht we left \\'ashingt(Mi,
and retraced our steps on the road as far as Rockville.
There we took a road to the left, marched all night, and

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 243

stopped about midday for several hours' rest near
Darnestown, then resumed the march and continued it
all night, passing Poolville and crossing the Potomac
the next day at White's Ford, going into camp near
Leesburg.

Thirty-one days had passed since we left Lee's army
at Richmond. We had marched during that time four
hundred and sixty-nine miles, fought several combats,
one battle, and threatened Washington, causing the big-
gest scare they ever had. It was believed by the men
that we could have gone into the city on the evening of
the nth, if our men had been up, but straggling pre-
vented it. I can not say that they straggled without
excuse, because as I before said, many of them were
barefooted and footsore, and we had made a terrible
campaign since we left our winter quarters on the 2d
of May. I was still barefooted, my feet being too sore
to wear my boots. The scars made on that march are
on my feet to this day. Many men, like myself,
marched right along without shoes, but many of them
were physically unable to keep up.

It is said that the enemy concentrated over 'sixty
thousand soldiers at Washington while we were threat-
ening the city ; this force pursued us to the Potomac, but
did us little injury.

The next day, the 15th, the 21st Va. Regt. was de-
tailed to take charge of a lot of horses that had broken
down on the way, others having been captured and put
into their places. We immediately converted ourselves
into a regiment of mounted infantry, the most motley ever
seen. Some of the men secured saddles, some bags and
filled them with straw, some used their blankets to ride on ;
some horses had bridles, some ropes, some grape vines

244 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

for bridles, and some ridden without any form of bridles.
As soon as we were mounted, we took up the march,
driving the loose horses. We passed through Union
and Upperville, stopping about sunset to let our horses
graze, the only food they had. After several hours of
rest, we again mounted and continued the march, pass-
ing through the Blue Ridge into the valley at Paris,
marching all night. We sto])ped the next morning near
Millwood, Clarke County, and turned our horses loose
to graze, having marched about thirty-three miles.
We were the most completely used up men you ever
saw, — foot cavalry could not be converted at once into
mounted men, as we found out to our cost, — and when
the order to mount was given about midday, we were
so sore and disabled that nearly all the men needed as-
sistance in mounting. We left this place and marched
to Middletown, on the valley pike, stopping several times
to graze our horses. On the morning of the 19th, we
turned our horses over to a quartermaster and marched
to W^inchester, where we joined our division.

The next day the army marched up the valley.
Reaching Middletown, Gordon's division was sent out
in the direction of Berryville, it having been reported
that the enemy were advancing in that direction, and.
after s(^me brisk skirmishing, w'e drove iIkmii liack.
That night we marched to 1 hipp's Hill. The next day
the army formcrl a line of battle and awaited an attack
from the enemy. Ihey came in sight of us, fired a few
cannon and had .some skirmishing. Their army was
now under the command of Clen. Crook and ( len. Averill
was the ofticer in command of his cavalry.

XXIX

KERNSTOWN THE SECOND, AND THE ENEMY's CAVALRY

AT LEETOWN

The enemy having left our front at Hupp's Hill, we,
on the morning of 24th July, marched clown the valley.
When we reached Barton's Mill we learned that the
enemy had made a stand at Kernstown. Gen. Early
immediately made preparations to attack them. The
Second Brigade was deployed as skirmishers, and was
posted on the left of the Valley Pike, its right resting
on the pike. The rest of Gordon's division was formed
on the right of the pike, with the remainder of Breck-
enbridge's command. The Second Brigade, in skirmish
line, was ordered forward. In our front there was an
open field almost level up to the enemy's line of battle.
There the country became gently rolling and on the
hills they had stationed their artillery. The fields were
separated by stone fences, several of them running across
our front, and were occupied by the enemy. Soon after
we began to advance, we came in sight of the hill that
was occupied by a battery which fired at our regiment
in March, 1862, when we crossed this same field. They
sent shell after shell at us, and as soon as we were
within range, the Yankees behind the first stone wall
commenced to fire with their muskets. We were or-
dered to lie down. From this point we could see a
long line of the enemy on the right of the pike, and on
their extreme left a body of cavalry. We saw also
Breckenbridge advancing against their left. The
Yankees in front of our brigade were shooting rapidly

24s

246 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

at us, who were lying down in the field, and our men
were becoming uneasy, since we had no opportunity to
reply. They, stooping down behind the wall, loaded,
rose, and fired and lay down before we could locate
them. Our men sent a message along the line, '* Let's
take the wall! " The answer came back. " All right! "
We were up in a second, and at the wall in a few more
seconds, the enemy retreating to the next wall. This
was not very far from us, and our men were mounting
the wall already taken, some were over, for we were
going to take the next wall. An officer came from
Gen. Early with an order for us to halt, retrace our
steps, and lie down in the field again. Our brigade
commander, Col. Dungan of the 48th Va. Regt., told
him that he did not give the order to advance, but he
saw no reason to stop it after the men had started.
** Well, you must stop them now," said the ofiicer.
Col. Dungan gave the order to halt, but it was obeyed
very reluctantly, the men standing where they were, the
Yankees shooting at them all the time. Our ofticer from
Gen. Early, Major Mann Page, an old F, could not
stand this ; he was very impetuous and called to the men
to return, but could not induce them to do so. They
cried out, " Let's drive them away from the wall! " and
away we went, leaving the major stamping with rage.
We took the second wall in about the same time it takes
to tell it, driving a line of battle from it. By this time
Breckenridge had struck their left, and their whole line
was in rapid retreat, and as those on their left made
for the valley pike, nearly all of them ])assed us; we
loaded and fired into their ranks as fast as we could,
some of our men in their excitement sitting on the stone
wall loading and firing fnjin it. The retreating column

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 247

of the enemy seemed to be so intent on getting away,
that they gave no attention to our small line on the wall.
As soon as all of them passed us, over the wall we went
in close pursuit. They went through the village of
Kernstown, keeping the pike until they reached the old
stone church and burial ground, turning to the left be-
tween them, going direct to the hills around Winchester.
The first fire we received from them in their retreat was
from a fence just beyond the old church. As we
reached the church and turned around it towards the
fence through which they went, a few skirmishers of
theirs along this fence fired on us. Sergeant Griever
of the 48th, who was carrying the flag, was shot dead
at my side, and one or two more were wounded. They
had no time for a second fire, as we were upon them.
The field was filled from this fence to another about a
quarter of a mile off with fleeing Yankees, and beyond
the second fence, I could see them making their way
over the hill. In order to help their men in the field,
some of them were firing at us from the farther fence.
An officer on a white horse seemed to be directing them ;
some of us paid our respects to him, the balance shooting
into the mass of the enemy in the field. Before we were
half way across the field, their fire ceased and they and
the officer on the white horse disappeared over the hill
When we reached the hill we w^ere so tired that we
could run no longer, but we continued the pursuit, fol-
lowing the trail, and only came in sight of the enemy
as they went up the hill just behind Winchester, On
that hill they had one piece of artillery, which fired at
us once, then limbered up and joined in the retreat.
We continued the pursuit until sunset, when we halted,
stacked arms, and soon lay down to rest for the night,

248 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

Rodes' division keeping up the pursuit into the niglit.

This was the most easily won battle of the war. We
had very few casualties. We could trace the line of
the enemy's retreat to the hills by their dead and
wounded, a loss inflicted on them mostly by the skir-
mishers of the Second Brigade. We were in the ad-
vance until we were stopped, and stacked arms, and we
were within one hundred yards of the enemy until they
reached the hill.

The next day we followed the retreating enemy, and
Cordon's Division went into camp at lUmker Hill.
The next day we marched to Martinsburg and remained
in the neighborhood until the 31st, tearing up the B.
& O. Railroad for miles. This is the fourth time I
took part in the ruin of this railroad. We left Martins-
burg and marched to Darksville, remaining until August
4th, when we moved to the Potomac and crossed at
Shepherdstown on the 5th, marching to Sharpsburg,
passing a few miles beyond and into camp for the night.

How soon the scars of war are removed when they
are made in a country thai is kci)t in a state of cultiva-
tion and improvement! We couUl see very little of tlie
great battle of Sharpsburg, and when we passed the
Tunker or Dunkard church everything looked so nice
and clean that one would not know that it was the scene
two years before of the most severe fighting of the
war! The battle of Jackson's Corps and McClellan's
right was at its fiercest around this church. Fines were
driven back and forward, around and around the old
church, hundreds of musket balls struck it, and several
cannon shots went through it. Dead and dying men
were lying in sight of it by thousands.

The next day, the Gth, we marched, passing through

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 249

Tillmantown and crossing the Potomac at Williamsport,
and camped at Falling Waters. Thence we marched to
Darksville, Bunker Hill, and the Woolen Mill, not far
from Winchester, camping for the night at each place.
At the latter place we arrived in the afternoon. My
brigade had stacked arms, broken ranks, and taken off
our accouterments, when the long roll was heard. We
were ordered to " fall in," and marched some distance
to repel an advance of the enemy's cavalry. On the
nth Gordon's Division was at Newtown skirmishing on
the White Post road with the enemy. There W. H.
Divers of F Company received a terrible wound through
the leg, and died two days afterwards. From New-
town we marched to Strasburg, where our army formed
a line of battle and waited an attack from the enemy.
Thence we moved to Fisher's Hill, staying there until
the 17th, when we marched to Winchester. There we
found the enemy in line of battle awaiting us. We
made preparation for an immediate attack. Gordon's
Division was formed in line of battle on the right of the
pike, divided into three sections; our skirmishers were
ordered forward, and the right section soon followed.
As soon as they advanced their length ahead of the mid-
dle section, the middle section advanced, and so with
the third, our line advancing in echelon. The Second
Brigade was on the left of the line and was the third or
last section; we continued to advance in this way for a
mile. Our skirmishers encountered the enemy in our
front, who gave way at once. Our brigade was shelled
heavily from a battery posted on a hill towards our left.
We came to a corn field and, as we passed through it,
I took a well-filled haversack from one of the dead
Yankees, swung it round my neck, and continued my

250 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

niarcli. Looking in it I found it filled with roasting
ears, that had just been boiled, and hot. I commenced
to eat at once, giving my comrades some. Passing
through the corn field we right- faced and joined the
division, which was now marching by the flank. The
skirmishers were so far off that we decided the enemy
preferred a retreat to a hght. Night soon came on,
we stacked arms and bivouacked.

The next day, i8th, Maj.-Gen. Anderson joined us
with a division of infantry, his artillery, and cavalry.
On the 19th we marched to Bunker Hill, the next day
towards Charlestown. encountering the enemy's cavalry
in force, and finally coming up with his army well forti-
fied near Charlestown. Skirmishers were thrown for-
ward and were heavily engaged all day. The enemy
left during the night, and when morning came and we
ascertained they had left, we were off at once in pursuit,
Cordon's Division passing through their fortifications.
1licy were the best hurriedly thrown up works 1 saw
during the war. About one hundred yards in their
front, rails from the adjacent fences had been placed
in the ground about six inches apart, leaning to the
front. They were about waist high with their ends
sharpened. When we reached them in our march, wc
found it a heavy task to remove enough of them for
the division to jxiss through. W'e found the enemy in
position at lialllown, and again fortified. It was re-
ported to Gen. Early that a fine lot of hogs were in a
field on their right, inside their skirmish line. Tiordon's
Division was immediately sent for the hogs, which we
soon took possession of and that night all had fresh pork
for supper. \\'^e remained in the enemy's front until
the morning of the 25th, when Gordon's Division, with
some of the other divisions, marched towards Leetown.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 251

Gen. Early accompanied us and left Gen. Anderson in
command of the force in front of the enemy. Soon
after passing Leetown our division, which was in front,
came in contact with the enemy's cavalry. A long line
of skirmishers was thrown forward on each side of the
road, our division formed in line of battle, and all were
ordered forward. Soon the skirmishers became en-
gaged and, as they advanced, fighting became heavy ; but
they drove the enemy at all points. The enemy's cav-
alry made a charge on the left of the road in a large
field, and succeeded in capturing a few of our men, but
they were hurriedly driven back. The line of battle
was halted occasionally to allow the skirmishers to clear
the way. During one of these halts, we stacked arms
and were ordered to lie down near our guns. A Yankee
battery on our right occasionally sent a shot at us. One
of these, a round shot, struck the ground near my front,
ricocheted, and came directly towards us. Every one
in the locality was watching it, and it became evident
that it would strike a stack of muskets just to my right,
in its second descent. Then it was seen that as it was
an oblique shot, it might strike two stacks. The guns
were loaded, and fearing that some of our line might be
injured by the firing of the guns should they be struck,
the men who owned both stacks jumped to them to take
arms, and get away before the shot struck. In the hurry
and confusion they became mixed, the shot fell in their
midst, — men, guns, shot, and all went down together.
In a few seconds the men were on their feet, hurrahing
and laughing, and one man held up the shot, neither men
nor guns having been injured, — but it was a close shave.
These men laughed and jested at death, as all old sol-
diers do. Constant exposure to danger hardened the
best of them. We resumed the advance for a short

252 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

distance ; the enemy seemed U) have had enough and to
have withdrawn. Onr skirmishers were called in, and
my division resumed its march by the flank in the road.
We went along quietly. Gen. Early and some other
officers riding at the head of the column. Someone
now approached Gen. Early, and soon he left the pike
by a country road on our right and rode to the top of
a hill. Then he turned and beckoned to the officer who
was riding in our front, and he turned into this road.
We followed a short distance, the column halted, and
it was rumored that the enemy were just over the hill in
our front. I ran to the top of the hill, and found that
it fell on the opposite side about as suddenly as it rose
on our side. It was a ridge, at the foot of which on
the other side there was a corn field extending to another
pike, which ran at nearly right angles to the one on
which we had been marching and joined it about a mile
away. In this ])ike there was a Yankee column of cav-
alry marching along quietly, seeming to be ignorant of
the proximity oi a Confederate. They were about four
hundred yards from us. I do not know how it affected
Gen. Early, but it was the most thrilhng scene I ever
saw, and gave me the " shakes " at once. I was ordered
to run down the pike as fast as I could until 1 met some
of the skirmishers, and give the officer in command an
order to come to the front as fast as possible. I has-
tened away and soon met Capt. Mays' command, deliv-
ered the order, and described the situation to him. Poor
fellow! he and his men were so completely exhausted
by skirmishing with the enemy's cavalry for two or three
hours, that they could not double quick, but started off
at a cjuick step. When they came to the front, they
deployed in the corn field and advanced at once. Our
line of battle was formed by regiments as fast as they

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 253

conld enter the corn field, and each regiment was or-
dered forward. The skirmishers were near the road
before they were observed by the enemy, and poured a
withering fire into them. The enemy attempted to reply
to this, and when some of our regiments came into view,
they broke and ran in every direction ! We cut their
column in two, some of them going towards Shepherds-
town and the others returned towards Harper's Ferry,
whence they had come. Those who were returning to-
wards Harper's Ferry ran out a battery, that shelled us
for a few minutes, then limbered up and followed the
crowd ; — a part of our division pursuing them, and a
part pursuing those going towards Shepherdstown.

When I came out of those two fights, I surely was
the best equipped man in our army. I captured a horse
with splendid equipments, even the poncho and blanket
rolled up behind the saddle. Before the fight was over,
I got a Colt's five-shooter, a sixteen-shot Winchester
rifle, a saber, a nose bag for my horse and a bag of oats,
also a canteen, six extra saddles, and a Yankee haver-
sack filled with rations.

About midnight, the division having come together,
we went into camp, and heard that Fitz Lee had cap-
tured the party that went towards Shepherdstown. All
of us slept well on that news and a heavy day's work.
In the morning we learned that the enemy had escaped
from Fitz Lee, although he at one time had them in a
tight place. August 27th found Gordon's Division at
Bunker's Hill.

On the 29th Gordon's Division was ordered to the
front. We found the enemy's cavalry at Opequan
Creek and attacked them at once, driving them about
five miles; and returned to our camp. September 3d
foimd Early's army in camp around Winchester. On

254 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

the /th the enemy drove in the pickets of our brigade.
Gordon's Division ^vas ordered to their stipport, and
drove the enemy back across the Opeqtian, which was
the cHviding hne between the two armies.

At this time I received the following communication,
which explains itself:

lid. Qrs. 2 1st \ii. Infantry,
Sept. 1 2th, 1864.
Speci.\l Order.

No.

Sergt. J. 11. Worsliam Co. ** F." is announced as Act.
Adjt. of this Regt. from this date.

By order Col. Moseley.
E. E. England, Lt. & Act. Adjt.

This made tliree adjutants the company has furnished
the regiment. It has also furnished the regiment three
sergeant-majors.

Septeml)er 13th found Gordon's Division near Bruce-
town, where our pickets had again been driven in by
the enemy. The Second Brigade was ordered to their
support, driving the enemy across the Opequan, the 21st
Va. Regt. remaining on j)icket. On September 14th
Gen. Anderson left us, taking his artillery and Ker-
shaw's division of infantry with him. leaving Fitz Lee's
cavalry with us. The 17th found Ciordon's and Rodes'
division at l>unkcr's Hill.

While in camj) at Darksvillc on August 2, 1864, I
made my last morning rei)ort of the company as orderly
sergeant, and herewith give a c^py of it. It was made
on a piece of jiaper torn out of an old account book and
the ruling and heading I did with pokeberries, accord-
ing to the " I'orni " provided by the adjutant of (he
regiment.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 255
Morning Report of Company F.

PRESENT

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XXX

WINCHESTER, 1864

On the iSth of September. 1864, Gordon's Division
left Bunker's Hill and marched to IMartinsburg. There
we encountered some of the enemy's cavalry who skir-
mished with us and retired, hring at long distance. We
stopped at Martinslnirg a short time, and marching back
to Bunker's Hill, encamped for the night. It had been
rumored in our camp a week or two that Gen. Sheri-
dan from Grant's army was in command of the enemy,
and that he had been largely reinforced. Their force
in the valley had all along been three or four times as
large as Early's, and now since Sheridan was receiving
more men, it must be five or six times as large. It was
believed by us that Sheridan had more men in his cav-
alry alone, than the number of Early's entire army.
On the 19th we marched from Bunker Hill in the direc-
tion of Wincliester, and in a short time we heard the
boom of a cannon in our front. Some of our army had
been engaged daily with the enemy for the last month,
and considering this shot in our front to l^e a ])art of
the daily attack, we paid little attention to it. We kept
quietly on our way until we passed Stevenson's depot,
when we saw a horseman ajiproaching us hurriedly.
When lie rode up to Gen. Gordon in our front we recog-
nized him as Col. Pendleton, Gen. h'arly's .Adjutant-
General. He had a moment's talk with Gen. Gordon,
wheeled his horse and rode off. We hurried uj) and
our ranks closed. Soon we left the pike by our left and

256

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 257

marched across the fields. The firing in our front had
become heavy and we heard the musketry. We decided
that it was a general attack by Sheridan, but our men
were not disturbed by it, because we knew we could
whip Sheridan easily, notwithstanding the large odds we
believed he had against us. We marched in the same
direction a mile or more, and, coming in sight of a small
body of cavalry, were told it was part of Fitz Lee's
force, and towards our right we saw some of our artil-
lery firing. We marched towards this artillery but in
front of it. The fight was raging in our front, and in
a wood on our left there was heavy skirmishing. We
continued to march by the flank past this wood, the head
of the column being nearly in front of our artillery.
When we came to an open space between the woods just
passed and another a little farther on, we saw our artil-
lery firing through this opening at a line of battle of
the enemy's, that was advancing through a field beyond
the woods. Our column continued its march until it
reached a line opposite the second woods, when we
halted, were ordered to front face, and load. Our
skirmishers formed along the whole front of the divi-
sion, and were ordered forward. We followed them,
our artillery firing over us at the advancing enemy.
Terry's Brigade (ours) was on the right, the Louisian-
ians next, and Evans on the left. We saw our skir-
mishers in front engage the enemy, and from the in-
creased firing in the woods on the left, we knew that
they were at it, too. We continued to advance and soon
met the enemy with a volley; they turned and ran, we
pursuing. We kept up the pursuit for three-quarters of a
mile, when we halted, and were ordered back. We had
made a clean sweep, — not a Yankee could be seen in our

258 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

front. Falling back about half a mile, Terry's Brigade
was ordered to form in line with Rodes' Division, —
which arrived a little later than we, and had advanced
on the enemy in their front and repulsed them as easily
as we did. After we made the connection with his line,
we lay down to rest. W'e had been in action only about
an hour, and we thought we had gained an easy victory.
Gen. Early said it was a grand sight to see those two
divisions numbering a little over 5.000 muskets hurl back
in utter disorder the immense body of the attacking
force, consisting of the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps!

\\'c heard that Gen. Rodes had been killed, and was
lying near Gordon's right. Our men were much grieved,
because Rodes had been associated with us so long, and
Gordon's men had become very much attached to him.
He was a gallant soldier and splendid fighter, and we
lost a great man in his fall. The loss in Gordon's divi-
sion at this time was very small; Brig.-Gen. York, of
the Louisiana Brigade, was wounded, and Gen. Terry
had his horse killed under him. Through an opening in
the woods on our right, we saw Ramsuer on the extreme
right of Early's line, still heavily engaged, but gaining
ground. Along Gordon's and Rodes' front not a sound
was heard and not an enemy was in sight, but the still-
ness was soon broken by the advance of a brigade of the
enemy through a field on our left, towards the woods.
Evans' Brigade was in those woods, the same that was
occupied by the enemy in our attack on them, from
which they were driven by Evans. This body of the
enemy advanced in splendid line, — our brigade on their
flank CDuld see down their entire line as they advanced
on level ground. \\']icn they came within firing dis-
tance, Evans let them have his fire; they halted at once;

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 259

we saw the dead and wounded on the ground, and many
wounded going to the rear. They advanced again, —
their men under Evans' fire falHng as they advanced, —
they entered the woods, we heard the heavy fighting
there, and soon we saw the enemy hurriedly driven out,
disappearing behind the hills. This ended the fighting
of Gordon's Division at this part of the line.

Far around on our left, on the valley pike, little fight-
ing had taken place, as only a few^ of the enemy had
made their appearance. Now they came, nearly the
whole of Sheridan's cavalry, and it must be recalled that
they were as many as Early's entire army. A corps of
infantry accompanied them. They advanced up the
valley pike and charged our weak force, consisting of
a small cavalry force and a brigade of infantry from
Wharton's Division. As stated by a northern writer,
" Flell broke loose now!" Our cavalry and the small
infantry force was soon driven back, but fought so stub-
bornly that the Yankees made little progress. Our
force was reinforced by Gen. Early as soon as possible.
Now the hardest fighting of the day took place. Our
men were flanked, new lines were formed to be flanked
again, but our men stood to their work fighting every
inch of the way.

Orders now came for Gordon's Division to go to the
assistance of the left; we retired through some bushes,
then through a large open wood, into a field, — this field
was immense and surrounded Winchester. We heard
the heavy fighting on the left of our line as we went
through the woods, and reaching the opening, saw the
whole field in the direction of the valley pike filled with
men fighting; saw that our men were being driven, and
that parts of the Yankee cavalry had possession of some

26o ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

of the hills which ovcrliioked the surrounding country.
When wc reached ii large white house, the last outside
of Winchester, Generals Early, Breckenridge, and Gor-
d<»n came riding together from our right towards the
left, and reaching our division they told the men they
desired to make a stand there. The Major of the 21st
Xci. Rcgt., tlie only field officer, not hcing in sight at the
time, the Adjutant approached General Gordon and de-
clared to him that our color-hearer would take his colors
anywhere he might order them, and desired to know
where he wished the line to be formed. His answer was
" Right here." " Men, form on the colors of the 21st,"
was his command. Our color-l>earer, Cumbia, halted,
faced towards the enemy, stepped out a few jiaces,
stopped, and waved his Hag. The 21st Va. Regt.
dressed on him, and the line grew each minute from
other commands. Hie sharpshooters of the enemy then
made their appearance, and a body of them took pos-
session of the brick house and outbuildings about three
or four hundred yards in our front, and opened fire on
us at once. W^e then saw a line of battle of the enemy
approaching, appearing to be a brigade. They advanced
in splendid order, and when they came within about
fcHir hundred yards of us, a colonel who was standing
on my right and a short distance fn^m me, gave tlie
order to fire. I ordered the 21st Va. Regt. to hold their
fire, and turning to the colonel, asked that the enemy
be allowed to come nearer. At this moment a shot
wounded me in the knee. It did not hurt much, I had
been struck a few minutes before on the shoulder by a
spent ball, which hit hard enough to raise a knot, but
did not break the skin. As the ball fell, I stooped down,
took it up and put it into my pocket, thinking no more

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 261

of it until I received this second shot which I thought
was of the same character; but in a few mintues I be-
came so sick that I was compelled to lie down. One of
my comrades ran to me and asked if I was shot. I re-
plied, " I don't think I am; it was a spent ball." By this
time I was so sick that I thought my time to die had
come, and as I looked at my knee, I saw the blood run-
ning freely down my pants. The enemy on the hill had
a battery on our flank, enfilading our line. Two of my
comrades took me by my arms and carried me off the
field. After going a short distance I begged to be al-
lowed to lie down, thinking I would otherwise die. They
would not listen to me while the cannons were plowing
great gaps in the earth all around us, but they promised
that as soon as they reached a large rock, which we were
approaching, they would let me lie clown under its pro-
tection. We soon reached it, and I lay at full length
in hopes of getting some relief, but a cannon shot struck
the rock, glanced, and went up out of sight. In an in-
stant I was taken up by my comrades and carried on,
and we reached the first house in Winchester, a small,
one-story brick building at the corner of an alley. I
was allowed to lie down behind this, and almost instantly
a cannon shot went crashing through it, throwing pieces
of brick and mortar on us. They had me going again
at once. I met Richie Green, an old F, who was sorry
he could not do anything for me. Soon after we met
Ira Blunt, our hospital steward and also an old F. He,
running to me, put a canteen to my lips and told me to
take a good pull. I drank some new apple brandy; its
effect was instantaneous. I felt perfectly well. Thank-
ing him, I went on looking for our surgeon. I was
then in Winchester, and as I turned the corner of the

262 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

next street, I saw our surgeon mounting his horse. I
called him, he rode to meet me, and said he had sent
all his stores to the rear, and had just mounted his horse
to follow, but that he would get mc away if possible.
All the ambulances he knew anything of had gone. Just
at this moment an ambulance turned the corner into our
street, and came towards us with the mules in a run.
The surgeon ordered the driver to stop. For answer,
he whipped his team into a faster gait. Our surgeon
mounted his horse, and putting him into a run, overtook
the ambulance and catching one of the mules, l)y main
force, stopped it. I went forward and when I reached
it, my two comrades pitched me in behind. The sur-
geon let the mules go, and we were off ! The ambulance
was filled with medical chests, and I tried to arrange
them so as to make a comfortable seat, but could not. In
the hinder part of the ambulance was a chest, and at its
end was a bucket, the handle of the chest coming over
the bucket in such a manner that the bucket could not
be moved ; the other ])art of the ambulance was filled
with chests piled one on top of the other, leaving only
the chest in the rear for me to sit on. I managed to
])ul the foot of my wounded leg in the bucket, and let
my good leg hang out. By this time the ambulance
caught u\) with the wagon train, moving u\) the valley
pike two abreast. The enemy on the right of our line
now (opened on our wagon train with one i)iece of artil-
lery. The first shot they fired went t)ver the train a
little in front of my ambulance, the next shot went
through the lop of the wagon just in front of us.
Amidst cracking of whips, yells, and oaths, the wagon
train went in a hurry up the j)ike! In a few minutes
they got behind the woods, and the firing from the ^'an-

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 263

kee gun ceased. My ambulance driver became demoral-
ized, wheeled his team to the right, and over the stone
wall he went! How it was done I shall never know,
but he did it, and through the field his flying mules went !
It was an old corn field, and the reader may know how
comfortable I was! We went over several cross walls,
and finally, along in the night, reached the pike again
and continued our ride until about 8 o'clock the next
morning, w^hen the ambulance was halted by a surgeon
on the road side. The driver was told to take his mules
out, water and feed them. I was so sore that I could
hardly move, and asked the driver to help me down, but
he positively refused ! I however got out, made my w^ay
to a branch near by, got a drink of water, washed my
face, came back to the ambulance, and breakfasted on
articles in a Yankee haversack, which I took the day
before from one of their dead. I will state here that
the only rations I had after leaving Winchester until I
arrived at Staunton, were out of that haversack, and
since it was such a good friend, I carried it home ! While
I was eating my breakfast, a surgeon came and asked
the driver whom he had in his ambulance. I told him
who I was and my command, and asked him to look
at my wound and say if it needed anything. His in-
human reply was, *' As you do not belong to my com-
mand, you must get your own surgeon." After an hour
or two of rest the team was hitched up, and I, fearing
I might be left, took my old place in the ambulance,
while the hitching was done. I prevailed on the driver
just before we started, to pull off my boot, — it was full
of blood and running over the top! Soon after it was
pulled ofif, my wound seemed to stop bleeding, and I pro-
ceeded more comfortably. We rode until four o'clock

264 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

in the afternoon, when we halted at a church in Wood-
stock. Here the ladies brought to the wounded fruit,
flowers, eatables, water and bandages, and made them-
selves very useful to two or three hundred wounded. A
surgeon cut open my pants and drawers, and examined
my wound and dressed it, — ■ this was the first time it
was seen even by myself. It had hurt me none to speak
of. About sunset the wounded were put into wagons
on a little straw and started up the pike. Riding all
night, stopping a short time during the morning and then
continuing until night, when we rested. We traveled
thus until we reached Staunton, two days after we left
Woodstock, where my wound was dressed the second
time after I was shot. From Staunton, wt were, the
next morning, carried to Charlottesville, where the ball
was taken out. I write this lengthy narrative of myself,
because it was the experience of hundreds in this battle!

Returning to the account of the battle, our left being
driven back, the new line which had been moved back
occupied some slight breastworks. Here the enemy were
checked, and as night approached Gen. Early's force re-
tired up the valley. On reaching Fisher's Hill he took
position, whence he was driven on the 22(1, with a con-
siderable loss. Among the killed in that engagement
was our old comrade, Col. A. S. Pendleton, Adjutant
General of the Second Corps. He was one of the first
officers appointed on Jackson's staff and had been with
us since the commencement of the war; he was a gallant
and splendid officer, l)eloved by all the old command.

The battle of Winchester was as hotly contested as
any of the war, and was a regular stand-up fight ; but we
were so outnumbered that we ctnild not prevent the
flanking by the enemy.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 265

I do not agree with the Northern writer alluded to
before, who said : " Early was beaten before that battle
commenced from the great disparity in numbers." He
also said : '' When Early was driven, he left a track of
blue killed and wounded in his rear." Our loss in the
evening was heavy. Among the wounded was Maj.-
Gen. Fitz Lee.

In F Company, N. Dowdy, J. C. English and G. W.
Houston were wounded.

Here is an interesting incident about the battle of Win-
chester taken from Gen. Phil Sheridan's autobiography:

'' Gen. Sheridan, wanting to know something as to
Early's army, learned of an old colored man, who had
a permit from the Confederate commander to go into
Winchester and return three times a week for the pur-
pose of selling vegetables to the inhabitants. The scouts
sounded the man, and finding him both loyal and shrewd,
suggested that he might be made useful to us within the
enemy's lines ; and the proposal struck me as feasible,
provided there could be found in Winchester some relia-
ble person who would be willing to cooperate and corres-
pond with me. I asked Gen. Crook, and he recom-
mended a Miss Rebecca Wright, a young lady whom he
had met there before the battle of Kernstown, who he
said was a member of the Society of Friends, and he
thought she might be willing to render us assistance. I
hesitated at first, but finally decided to try it. The negro
was brought to his headquarters, given the letter, which
was written on tissue paper, wrapped in tin foil so that
it could be placed in the man's mouth, and instructed, if
searched by the Confederate picket, to swallow it. Early
next morning it was delivered to Miss Wright, the negro

266 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

telling her he would come back in the evening for an an-
swer. The evening before a convalescent Confederate
officer had visited her mother's house, and in conversa-
tion about the war had disclosed the fact that Kershaw's
division of infantry and Cutshaw's battalion of artillery
had started to rejoin Gen. Lee. Miss Wright now per-
ceived the value of the intelligence, and determined to
send it at once."

Here is a copy of Gen. Sheridan's letter, and ]Miss
Wright's answer:

" I learned from Major General Crook that you are a
loyal lady, and still love the old flag. Can you inform me
of the position of Early's forces, the number of divisions
in his army, and the strength of any or all of them, and his
probable or reported intentions? Have any more troops
arrived from Richmond, or are any more coming, or re-
ported to be coming?

*' I am, very resi)cctfully, your most o1)edient servant,
" P. II. Sheridan, Major General Commanding.

"You can trust the bearer."

" Septeml)er i6, 1864.
" T liavc no comnuniicalion whatever with the rebels, but
will tell you what I know. The division of Cjcncral Ker-
shaw, and Cutshaw's artillery, twelve guns and men. Gen-
eral Anderson commanding, have been sent away, and no
more arc ex])c'Cte(l, as they cannot be spared from Rich-
mond. I do not know how the troops arc situated, but the
force is much smaller than reported. I will take ])leasure
hereafter in learning all I can of their strength and posi-
tion, and the Ijearer may call again.

'* \'ery respectfully yours.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 267

The above letter from Miss Wright is not signed in
Gen. Sheridan's book.

I thought while writing this I would see if I could
find the negro, too. So wrote to Major Saml. J. C.
Moore of Berryville, Va., an officer on Gen. Early's
staff, asking him if he could give me the name of the
negro who carried the letter. Here is his answer:

*' In 1869 I employed a negro man as gardener, whose
name was Tom Laws. I had heard something about
his being the man who was the bearer of the letter, and
I broached the subject to him. At first he was not in-
clined to talk about it, but upon my assuring him that
I would not harm him, I got him to talk freely about
it. On the 17th of September, 1864, he went to Win-
chester to see some relations he had there. Miss Re-
becca Wright, having heard he was in town, sought him
and told him to come to her house before he left. He
went there, when she asked him when he was going
home, he told her he was ready to start at once. She
then said she wanted him to carry a letter to Gen. Sher-
idan, and taking a small piece of thin tissue paper, she
wrote upon it, and then enveloped it in a small piece of
tin foil, which she gave him, and charged him that he
must not let the rebels get it, and if they caught him
he must swallow it, that if they found it on his person
they would kill him, and it might cost her her life. She
directed him to give it to no one but Gen. Sheridan in
person. He found the general and gave the note to him,
who read it, and promised him he should be paid fifty
dollars in money for bringing it, but he never got the
money."

Gen. Sheridan said this information caused him to

268 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

decide to attack Early the next morning, but having
received a telegram from Gen. Grant, who said he was
coming to see him that day, he determined to defer it.
After his conference with Gen. Grant he decided to at-
tack the next morning, and that letter brought on the
battle of Winchester.

XXXI

RETURNS OF SECOND ARMY CORPS, A. N. VA., AUG. 3 1

1864

Returns of Second Army Corps, A. N. Va., Aug. 31,
1864, and Organization of Early's Command in the Val-
ley, Aug. 20, 1864. From War Records. They give
the number of Early's infantry with the exception of
one brigade of Wharton's division, and his artillery, but
omit the cavalry and horse artillery.

There was skirmishing daily with Sheridan, in which
our cavalry, infantry and artillery participated. Losses
were inevitable and reduced these figures by Sept. 19,
when the battle of Winchester took place.

269

270 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

Returns of Second Corps A. N. Va.,
Aug. 31, 1864. Lieut. Cien.
Jubal A. Early.

Rodcs' Diz'isioH, Maj.-Gcn, R. E.
Rodes
Battle's Brigade, Brig.-(ien. C. .\. Battle
(Jrimes' Brigade, Brig.-(ien. B. flriines
Codk's Briga<ie, P>rig.-rien. P. Cook..
Cox's Brigade, Brig. -Gen. VV. R. Cox.

Total

Gordon's Division, Maj.-Gcn. J. B.

Gordon

Terry's Brigade, Brij^.-den. W. Terrv.

York's Briga<lc, Brig. -Gen. Z. York.

Evans' Brigade, Col. E. N. Atkinson.

Total

Early's Division, Maj.-Gcn. S. D.

Riimsucr

Pegram's Brigade, Brig.-Gen. J no.

Pegram

Johnston's Brigade, Brig.-Gen. R. D.

Johnston

Goodwin's Brigade,. Brig-Gen. A. C.
Goodwin

Total

Artillcrv — Nelson

Braxton's Battalion, Lt. Col. C. M.
Braxton

Nelson's Battalion, Capt. T. J. Kirk-
patrick

McLaughlin's Battalion, Maj. VV. Mc-
Laughlin

Total

Grand Total

Wharton's Division

Wharton's Brigade

Echol's Brif^adc

Smith's Brigade

Aggregate
Present
for Duty.

«
bo

tl)

.Aggregate
Present &
Absent.

Present Ef-
fective for
the Field.

951
883
674
797

I 163

1091

883

973

3252
3293
2421
4052

95«
832
599
679

3061

783

658

1210

3305

864

658

1311

41 10

987

813

1526

i3.o'8

6485
3507
4204

2833

621

6i8
806

3326

851
774
935

14,196

2325
2401
2270

2651

599
598
775

•2045

243
275
262

2560

284

3'4
3>6

6996

380
459
454

1972

280
275
247

780
8963

638
503

914

«293

802

109 10

35503

8486

It will he seen from the above that the renort of Wharton's Division is
only partial, atul there is no Report of Cavalry. Sheridan's force at same
timr was 56,958.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 271

ORGANIZATION OF EARLY's COMMAND IN THE VALLEY AUG. 20, 1864.

RODES' DIVISION
Maj.-Gen. Robert E. Rodes

Battle's Brigade
Brig.-Gen. Cullen A. Battle.
Lt. Col. E. LaF. Hobson.

3d Alabama, .

5th Alabama, Lt. Col. E. LaF.
Hobson.

6th Alabama, .

I2th Alabama, Capt. P. D. Ross.
61 St Alabama, Maj. E. Pinhard.

Grimes' Brigade
Brig.-Gen. Bryan "I

Grimes. I Col. David

32nd North Carolina, f G. Cowand
53rd North Carolina. J

Battalion.
2d North Carolina.
42d North Carolina.
45th North Carolina.

.Col. J. R.
Winston

Cook's Brigade
Brig.-Gen. Philip Cook.
4th Georgia, Lt. Col. Wm. H.

Willis.
I2th Georgia, Capt. Jas. Everett.
2ist Georgia, Capt. Henry T.

Battle.
24th Georgia, Lt. Col. Jas. W.
Beck.

Cox's Brigade
Brig.-Gen. William R. Cox.
1st North Carolina, Capt. Wm.
H'. Thomson.

2d North Carolina, .

3d North Carolina, Capt. Wm.
H. Thomson.

4th North Carolina, .

14th North Carolina, Capt. Jos.

Jones.
30th North Carolina, Capt. Jno.
C. McMillan.

RAMSUER'S DIVISION
Maj.-Gen. Stephen D. Ramsuer

Pe grants Brigade

Brig.-Gen. Jno. Pegram.

13th Virginia, Capt. Felix Hei-
shell.

31st Virginia, Lt. Col. J. S. K.
McCutchen.

49th Virginia, Capt. Jno. G. Lob-
ban.

S2d Virginia, Capt. Jno. M.
Humphreys.

58th Virginia, Capt. Leroy C.

James.

Johnston's Brigade
Brig.-Gen. Robert D. Johnston.

5th North Carolina,

I2th North Carolina, .

20th North Carolina, Col. Thos.

F. Toon.

23d North Carolina, .

1st North Carolina Battalion,

Capt. R. E. Wilson.

Goodwin's Brigade

Brig.-Gen., A. C. Goodwin.

6th North Carolina,

2ist North Carolina,

S4th North Carolina,

57th North Carolina,

2-^2 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

GORDON'S DIVISION
Maj.-Gen. John B. Gordon

Evans Brigade

Brig. Gen. Clement A. Evans.

Col. Edmund N, Atkinson.

13th Georgia, Col. J. H. Baker.

26th Georgia, Lt. Col. J. S. Bain.

31st Georgia, Col. Jno. H. Lowe.

38th Georgia, Maj. Thos. H.
Bomer.

60th Georgia, Capt. Milton Rus-
sell.

6ist Georgia, Capt. Eiiphalet F.
Shaw.

I2th Georgia Battalion, Capt. Jas.
W. Anderson.

York's Brigade
Brig.-Gen. Zebulon York

5th Louisiana,

6th Louisiana,

/th Louisiana,

1st Louisiana, -
14th Louisiana,
2d Louisiana, -
loth Louisiana,
15th Louisiana,

Hay's old
Brigade.

Sitafford's

old
Brigade.

Terry's Brigade

2d Virginia, ■

4th Virginia,

5th Virginia,

27th Virginia -

33d Virgina,-

2ist Virginia, -
25th Virginia, ■
42d Virginia, -
44th Virginia. ■
48th Virginia, -
50tli Virginia, ■

loth Virginia, •
23d Virginia, -
37th Virginia,-

Wharton's
45th Virginia, —
50th Virginia, —
51st Virginia,

30th Virginia Battalion,

Col. John
II. S. Funk.
Old Stone-
wall Brig-
ade.

Col. Robt.
ir. Dungan.
Old Second
Brigade.

Lt. Col.
Samuel H.
Saiuidcrs.
Old Third

Brigade.

WHARTON'S DIVISION

BRifi -Gex. Gabriel C. Whartdn

Brigade ^ Echols' Brigade

22d Virginia, .

23d Virginia Battalion,
20th Virginia Battalion,

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 273

Smith's Brigade

Col. Thomas Smith

36th Virginia, .

60th Virginia, Capt. Albert A. P. George.
45th Virginia, Battalion, Capt. W. B. Hensly.
Thomas Legion, Col. James R. Love, Jr.

ARTILLERY

Braxton's Battalion
Virginia Battery, Carpenters.
Virginia Battery Hardwicke.
Virginia Battery, Cooper.

Ciitshaw's Battalion
Virginia Battery, Carringtons.
Virginia Battery, Tanner.
Virginia Battery, Garber.

King's Battalion
Virginia Battery, Bryan.
Virginia Battery, Chapman.
Virginia Battery, Lowry.

Nelson's Battalion
Georgia Battery, Milledge.
Virginia Battery, Kirkpatrick.
Virginia Battery, Massie.

CAVALRY

Maj.-Gen.
Imhoden's Brigade

i8th Virginia, ■

23d Virginia, .

62d Virginia, .

McCausland's Brigade

14th Virginia, .

i6th Virginia, .

17th Virginia, .

25th Virginia, — — .

37th Virginia Battalion,

L. L. LoMAX

Bradley T. Johnson's Brigade

8th Virginia, .

21 st Virginia, .

22d Virginia, .

34th Virginia, .

36th Virginia, .

Jackson's Brigade

2d Maryland, .

19th Virginia, — — .

20th Virginia, .

46th Virginia, .

47th Virginia, .

HORSE ARTILLERY

Maryland Battery, Grippin.
Virginia Battery, Jackson.

Virginia Battery, Lurty.
Virginia Batter}', McClanahan.

Lt. Gen. Anderson's forces, consisting of the follow-
ing, were in Culpeper Co. and joined Early on the 17th
Aug., staying with Early until the 14th Sept., when they
returned to Culpeper with Kershaw's division and the
artillery, leaving Fitz Lee's Cavalry with Early. Ker-
shaw's division and the artillery again joined Early on

274 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

Sept. 26tli. and parlicipatcd in the battle of Cedar Creek
Oct. 19, 1864.

Rosser's Brigade of cavalry joined Early on Oct. 5,
'64, coming by way of Lynchburg, and was not with
Anderson in Cnlpcper.

KERSHAW'S DIVISION
Maj.-Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw
Conner's Brigade
Maj. James M. Goj^gin.
2(1 Soutli Carolina, Maj. B. R.

Clyburn.
3d South Carolina, Maj. R. P.
Todd.

/th South Carolina, .

8th South Carolina, .

15th South Carolina, .

20th South Carolina, Col. S. M.
Boykin.
3d South Carolina Battalion,
Capt. B. A. Whitenor.
Wofford's Brigade
1 6th Georgia, .

18th Georgia,
24th Georgia,

Alabama Battery, Reese.
Virginia Battery, W. P

3d Georgia Battalion, .

Cohbs Georgia Legion, .

Phillips Georgia Legion. .

Uunif^lircys' Brigade
Brig.-Gen. Benjamin G. Hum-
phreys.

13th Mississippi, .

17th Mississippi, .

i8th Mississippi, .

2ist Mississippi, .

Brya)i's Brigade

Col. James P. Simms.

I oth Georgia, Col. W. C. Holt.

50th Georgia, Col. P. McGlashan.

51st Georgia, Col. Edward Ball.

52d Georgia, .

IVickham's Brigad

1st Virginia,

»2d Virginia,

3d Virginia,

4th Virginia, —

ARTILLERY
Carter's Battalion

Virginia Battery, Pendleton.
. Carter. Virginia Battery, Frys.

CAVALRY
Fife Lee's Division

Rosser's Brigade

7th Virginia, .

nth Virginia, .

I2ih Virginia, .

35th Virginia Battalion,

F^ayne's Brigade

5th Virginia, .

6th Virginia, .

15th Virginia, .

HORSE ARTILLERY
Virginia battery, Johnston.
Virginia battery, .Shoemaker.
Virginia battery, Tliom.son.

XXXII

CEDAR CREEK AND WINTER 1 864-5

The reader will want to know something of the old
command after my leaving it. I can give some facts
gathered from members of my company.

After the battle of Fisher's Hill, Early retired up the
valley to Mt. Jackson, — Sheridan following him slowly.
On the 24th they marched about five miles beyond
Tenth Legion, on the road to Port Republic, and the
next day to Brown's Gap in the Blue Ridge mountain,
where they were joined by Kershaw's division. On the
27th they marched from Brown's Gap towards Harri-
sonburg, and returned to Port Republic. There Gen.
Early learned that Sheridan's cavalry had gone in the
direction of Staunton. They marched to Waynesboro
and Rockfish Tunnel to intercept the enemy in case they
marched to those places. They found that the enemy
had occupied Waynesboro a short time before, and they
attacked at once and drove them back with some loss.
Early camped in the neighborhood until Oct. ist, when
he marched to Mt. Sidney on the valley pike and was
joined by Rosser's brigade of cavalry on Oct. 5th.
Early then marched down the valley to Fisher's Hill,
which place he reached on the 13th. There he stayed
until the night of the i8th, when he put his troops in
motion to attack Sheridan, who was in a strongly forti-
fied position along Cedar Creek. To Gordon was as-
signed the duty of attacking the enemy in their rear on
the left of their line. He moved down the Shenandoah

275

276 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

river, fording it twice, and was in line at the designated
place as the streaks of day appeared, and with a yell
dashed upon the enemy! This was the signal for Early's
line in front to move forward, which they did, and they
swept everything before them, taking the fortifications,
guns, and camp of the enemy. Sheridan's army was
utterly routed with the exception of the Sixth Corps,
which was encamped some distance in the rear. They
formed a line and marched back with the fugitives un-
til they reached Middletown, when they formed a line of
battle requiring such of the fugitives as they could con-
trol to join them. Our line that had been pursuing the
enemy was so thin that it was not much more than a
line of skirmishers!

The world will never know the extreme poverty of the
Confederate soldier at that time! Hundreds of the men
who were in the charge and captured the enemy's works
were barefooted, every one of them was ragged, many
had nothing but what they had on. and none had eaten
a sfpiare meal for weeks! Tn passing through Sheridan's
cam]) they had a great temptation thrown in their way;
many of the tents were open, and in plain sight were
rations, shoes, overcoats and blankets! The fighting
continued farther and farther, and some of the men
stopped, secured well-filled haversacks, and as they in-
vestigated their contents, the temptation to stop and
eat was too great, as they had had nf)thing since the even-
ing before, and they yielded. Others tried on shoes,
others put on warm pants in place of the tattered ones,
others got overcoats and blankets, articles so much
needed for the cc^ming cold ! They had already experi-
enced several biting frosts to remind them of the winter
near at hand. In (his way half of Early's men were

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 277

straggling, and this accounts for his thin line in front.

This was an awful hour! Gen. Early then noticed
the thinness of his line and being informed of its cause,
sent officers back to hurry his men up. His advance line
by this time had come up to the enemy in their position
at Middletown. They attacked at once, but so feebly
and were so easily repulsed, that the enemy felt embold-
ened, made an advance and drove our men off the field
of battle ! The stragglers who arrived were not in suffi-
cient numbers to check the enemy's advance. The fight-
ing continued until night put a stop to it. Gen. Early
withdrew during the night to Fisher's Hill, but, owing
to the breaking down of a bridge, most of the captured
guns and between fifteen and twenty of our own were
taken by the enemy. We lost about one thousand men
taken prisoners, but brought off nineteen hundred of the
enemy, whom we had captured. Our loss was heavy,
and among the killed was that splendid soldier, Maj.-
Gen. Ramsuer!

F Company lost Sergeant R. M. Tabb, killed ; Corporal
W. C. Tyree and L. M. Couch, wounded. That gallant
young officer, Lieut. M. L. Hudgins, had command of a
line of skirmishers and was shot through both legs, but
succeeded in bringing off his command, and took to the
mountains! Here he was captured a few days later
and taken to Winchester, and from there sent to a
Northern prison to stay until Mar. 30, 1865. I was told
that old man Mason of the same company was quietly
walking to the rear, w^hen a Yankee cavalryman rode up
to him, and with uplifted saber, ordered the old man to
halt. He looked over his shoulder, and, seeing who it
was, threw up his gun and shot the Yankee off his horse !
The old fellow was, however, captured not long after!

278 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

Gen. Early fell back to New Market, but Sheridan
did not follow him. Here Gen. Early stayed until Nov.
loth. Learning that Sheridan had fallen back to Win-
chester, he advanced to Newtown, and from there he
fell back again to New Market, where in December,
Gordon's, Ramsuer's and Rodes' divisions left him and
went to Petersburg to join Gen. Lee.

On our march down the valley we witnessed the van-
dalism of the Yankee General Sheridan! All the barns
and mills were in ruin, and it soon became evident that
he intended carrying out his boast, " that when he was
done with the valley a crow would have to carry his
rations with him in order to get something to eat in go-
ing across it."

General Sheridan Reports to the Authorities from

*' Woodstock, Oct. 7, 1864.

*' I commenced to move back from Port Republic,
Mt. Crawford, Bridgewater, and Harrisonburg yester-
day morning. In moving back to this point the whole
country from the Blue Ridge to the North Mountain
has been made untenable for a rebel army. We have
burned over 2,000 barns filled with wheat, hay and farm-
ing implements, over 70 mills filled with flour and wheat,
and have driven in front of the army over 4,000 head of
sheep; have killed and issued to the troops not less than
3,000 . . . and when we get to Winchester the en-
tire valley to that point will be a Wilderness .
Lieut. Jno. R. Meigs, my Engineer ofllcer, was mur-
dered beyond Harrisonburg near Dayton. For this
atrocious act all llie houses within an area of live miles
were burned." . . . As a matter of fact Lieut.

Meigs was killed in a figlil by Martin of the

Black Horse cavalry.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 279

''Newtown, Nov. 10."

He reports " the return of a party which had been
sent out for the purpose of bringing in a lot of stock,
horses, sheep and cattle, and the grain, barns, subsistence,
etc., as far as possible were destroyed "...

Again, " Kernstown, Nov. ii."

Another party returns, '' bringing back 300 cattle, a
lot of sheep and horses, burned all the granaries, and
destroyed all the provisions on the road."

This wanton destruction of the property of the citizens
of the valley, because they were Southern sympathizers,
was uncalled for, and no excuse can ever justify it!
This was a favored country, and to burn everything in
the way of hay, grain, etc., barns and mills, not except-
ing agricultural implements; to kill and drive off all the
horses, stock, etc., belonging to those people because it
would compel the Confederate army in the valley to haul
those articles, was a crime without reason or excuse,
especially when those citizens were not paid by the
United States a cent for their loss.

I think Gen. Early did everything a commander could
do in the valley with the number of men he had in his
command, and, as an humble member of that army, I
would like to ask those who have criticized Gen. Early
if they ever thought of the great disparity in numbers
in the two armies? It is said that Sheridan's cavalry
alone numbered as many if not more than Early's entire
force, and I never heard Sheridan's infantry placed at
less than thirty thousand. Gen. Early did not have more
than twelve thousand men in his entire army at the battle
of Winchester, — the first of his disasters. Let me recall
the fact that Early was detached from Lee's army at
Richmond, and sent to Lynchburg to intercept Hunter,

28o OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

who was marching on that place with a large force. He
disposed of Hunter in quick time, driving him beyond
the Alleghany mountains. He was then ordered to
threaten Washington City, which he promptly did. On
his arrival before that place the ^'ankees concentrated
a force over sixty thousand to repel him ! A large part
of this force was taken from Grant's army at a time
that greatly helped Lee at Petersburg. Early, by his
activity, kept nearly all this force in his front until late
in the year 1864. Gen. Early certainly accomplished
all, if not more, than he was sent to the valley for. It
is needless for me to say anything about Gen. Early's
gallantry and fighting in the field. That is too well
known.

Since the opening of the campaign May 2, 1864, the
Second Corps had marched over sixteen hundred miles
and fought seventy-five battles and skirmishes in the
majority of which F Company participated. The loss
was heavy in officers and men as well as guns, but they
inflicted a loss on the enemy in men and oflficers twice
as large as the Second Corps numbered, and a great loss
in stores, etc.

On the arrival in Petersburg of the troops who left
Early, Maj.-Gen. Gordon was made commander of the
Second Corps, it was ordered to the front, and on the
5th of Feb., 1865, had a hard battle with Grant at Hatch-
er's Run. It was in this battle that the gallant Capt.
Jordan of F Company distinguished himself. While
the brigade was marching by the flank, through a dense
pine wood, they were suddenly assailed by the enemy's
sharj)shooters. This threw (nir men into confusion,
and they fell back out of fire to reform the line. Jordan
at once turned towards the enemy and succeeded in get-

FIFTH CAPTAIN RICUBEX J. JORDAN

Opposite Page 280.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 281

ting seven men to join him, — two from the 42d Va., two
from the 25th Va., and three from the 21st Va. regi-
ments, among the latter W. R. Richeson of F Company.
Those men he hurriedly placed along the road to stop
the advance of the enemy at that point. They rapidly
approached and commanded Jordan and his little band
to surrender; but for answer they received bullets, and
when the smoke cleared up, one Yankee lay on the
ground and the remainder were seeking safety! At
this moment Gen. Gordon rode up and learned that the
advance of the enemy had been stopped by Jordan and his
few men. He complimented them on the spot, in that
peculiar way of his, which bound those men to him for-
ever, rode off to the brigade, made a speech and closed
by telling them " that Capt. Jordan, by his bravery and
coolness, had with only seven men stopped the advance
of the enemy." He hurried them forward and the fight
became general. After the battle when the troops had
returned to camp, Gen. Gordon sent a messenger to Capt.
Jordan, asking the names of the seven men, which he de-
sired to be forwarded to his headquarters through the
regular channels, as he wished to publish to the army
their names as well as that of Captain Jordan for gallant
and heroic conduct on the field of battle! This Jordan
did, but the end came before the account of this battle
was published — hence this incident is not know^n to the
public.

I would like to say a word about W. R. Richeson, an
humble man from Caroline County, who joined us in
1863, so infirm that he ought not to have been in the
army, but in several battles he showed the mettle he was
made of, and well deserved this recognition from Gen.
Gordon 1

282 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

111 this battle W. Bates and A. D. Brown were
wounded. On Mar. 25th Gordon made an attack on
and captured Fort Steadman. There Capt. Jordan was
wounded, Geo. Hutchie Rennie, J. A. Kidd and H. C.
Fox were killed in the attack, and X. C. Dowdy captured,
all of F Company.

Here is what one of the old company says of this
battle : *' On the night before the battle we were in
camp, and quietly sleeping, when about midnight we were
awakened and told to ' fall in ' as soon as possible. As
soon as the line was formed we were marched off hur-
riedly through the woods and fields, over ditches and
fences, and finally formed a line of battle facing east.
The streaks of day were just l)eginning to show them-
selves, when we w^re turned loose, and we ran over two
lines of the enemy's breastworks almost before I can
tell about it. the troops on our right capturing at the
same time the fort. We halted a short time after pass-
ing the second line of breastworks, reformed lines and
then were ordered forward again. Soon I was captured,
and that is all I know of the battle."

On the retreat from Petersburg, Gordon's command
was the guard, and after leaving Amelia C. H. they
were engaged every hour of the day and half of the
night in repelling attacks by some body of the enemy.
The har(lshii)s our men underwent in the retreat to Ap-
pomattox were such that it seems impossible for men to
go through them and live! They left Petersburg with-
out rations, on roads full of mud from the recent rains,
marched all night and nearly all the next day before stop-
ping to rest! Gen. Lee had ordered a train of cars,
loaded with rations to be at Amelia C. II. Depot on the
Richmond and Danville railroad, and led his army there

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 283

to get them. When they arrived, they learned that by
the mismanagement of some officials, the train with ra-
tions had gone on to Richmond, where it fell into the
hands of the enemy! The men of his army had been
eating parched corn and anything else they could get
their hands on, with the hope of getting something on
reaching Amelia C. H. When they learned that disap-
pointment awaited them, they almost gave up, — but the
old spirit soon came back to the army of Northern Vir-
ginia, and they dragged themselves along the road on
their way towards Lynchburg, where they knew rations
could be gotten. Combats nearly every hour with some
portion of Grant's force which were this time in ad-
vance of our army as well as following close on our
rear. They marched along this way until they neared
Appomattox C. H., where they found a train of provi-
sions on the Norfolk & Western railroad, awaiting them,
— the first rations since they left Petersburg!

The day before reaching Sailor's Creek, Gordon was
ordered to take the front, and when he reached Appo-
mattox C. H., Gen. Lee gave him an order to advance
on the next morning, and if the enemy be encountered
in numbers he must cut his way through them. When
morning came and Gordon found the enemy in large
numbers in his front, he formed his line, ordered them
forward, and they made the attack with so much spirit
that they succeeded in driving the Yankees and captured
two pieces of artillery; and when Gordon sent Gen. Lee
word that he ^' had fought his corps to a frazzle," those
old fellows could be seen, and heard from too, in that
frazzle! My brother, who was one of them, told me
that at the time the white flag was raised by Gen. Lee,
this same " frazzle " was driving the enemy in its front !

284 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

You would like to know what became of the colors
of the 2 1 St Va. Regt. After it was known positively that
Gen. Lee was going to surrender, the gallant John II.
Cunibia, who had carried the colors for such a long
time, tore them from the staff — which was a short one,
as it had been shot off by a cannon ball some months
before — broke the staff and threw it away! Then he
tore the flag into small pieces, giving to each man a piece.
That was a great flag! It had inscribed upon it the
names of all the battles from Kernstown on, in which
Jackson's old division had been. Three cannon balls
had been shot through it, and when I left it, in Septem-
ber, 1864, over one hundred musket shots through it
could be counted !

XXXIII

THE EVACUATION OF RICHMOND AND LEE^S SURRENDER

I WAS in Richmond confined to my bed with my wound
when the city was evacuated. I cannot say that I saw or
heard much of what went on outside of our house, as
there was not a man on the place at the time except my-
self, and the women were too much alarmed to go out!
We heard many rumors Sunday afternoon. The first
definite news was about midnight, when a soldier friend
came by to bid us good-by, since he was going away
with the soldiers who were then marching through the
city. He stated that the President, his cabinet and other
ofiicials of the government with the archives, etc., had
left the city by the Danville railroad, and as soon as the
troops crossed the river, the bridges would be burned!
A member of the Legislature called soon after and told
us good-by, and said that the members of the Legisla-
ture were going to Lynchburg on the packet boat by the
James river and Kanawha canal. This created a feel-
ing of great uneasiness in our household. We well knew
that the ever long wish of the enemy to get to Richmond
would soon be gratified, and what would be the result?
I dreaded the coming day, and listened to every noise
I heard outside. Occasionally I would hear a report as
if something was blown up, an arsenal, steamer, or some-
thing of that kind. Not long before daybreak, a flash
of light came into my room, brighter than the brightest
lightning, accompanied immediately by a loud report with
rumbling and shaking of the house, and a crash as if

285

286 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

the front had fallen ! The ladies were in my room in an
instant, and as soon as the outer door could be opened,
the servants came in too! I explained to them the best
I could, that it was the explosion of a large quantity of
powder, probably one of the magazines. After they were
quieted, one of them went into the front room to see
if anything had been broken. She soon returned and
stated that the sash of one of the windows had been
blown into the middle of the room, and all the glass
was broken! About sunrise on Monday, April 3, 1865,
the ladies left my room, going to their rooms to dress
for tlie clay, the servants going about their accustomed
duties. When the ladies returned, they reported that a
great fire was raging down town, and it looked as if the
whole city would be burned ! Some friend now called
and stated that the rear guard of our army had set fire
to the Shockoe, the Public, the Myers & Anderson tobacco
warehouses, the arsenals, magazines, etc. ! From those
fires, adjacent buildings caught, and the greater part of
the business portion of the city was in fiames, with no
prospect of checking the fire! He also said that the
city council and some of the prominent citizens had held
a meeting and decided to destroy all liquor in the govern-
ment buildings and large warehouses, and that it was
taken out of those buildings into the streets and emptied
into the nearest culverts; that hundreds of citizens were
])illaging the stores which were burning and breaking
into others and taking everything; and that the town was
in the hands of a mob!

About half-past seven my breakfast was brought me
by a little negro boy eight to ten years old; he was de-
voted to me and a great favorite of mine, as he was very
cjuick and smart. He said to me, ** Marse Jolin, let me

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 287

run down to the corner and see if I can see any of the
Yankees." At that time he had a great horror of them.
After some httle begging on his part, I let him go, he
promising to return before his mistress would miss him.
Before I finished my breakfast he returned, and on en-
tering the room, he said, " Marse John, they is here," —
he had seen a squad coming up towards the capitol and
he ran home.

During the boy's absence one of the negro girls ran
down to the capitol square and on her return came into
my room and stated that she saw fifteen Yankees on
horseback ride up 9th Street to the capitol gate, enter
and ride up to the building. Some of them dismounted,
went inside and soon came out on the roof, where they
hoisted a United States flag on the flagstafT! That
was the first flag hoisted by the enemy in Richmond.
This party made a deep impression on her, for they were
the first body of armed Yankees she had seen ; she seemed
particularly struck with their uniform and long buck
gauntlets.

She went out again soon afterwards, staying two or
three hours. She came back with a large blanket filled
with articles as numerous and as varied as are in a ped-
dler's pack, gotten, she said, out of stores on Main
street; that all were open and everybody was helping
himself, and she thought she would do the same!

From the great clouds of smoke hovering over the
city, it seemed that all down-town must be burning up!
Large chunks of fire were falling on our house and in the
yard, — the house had been on fire several times, — one
of the negro men servants had come home from fear,
and we had stationed him on top of the house to watch !
He stayed there all day. A man or boy was on nearly

288 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

every house, although in some places the women were
doing this duty. We were about half a mile from the
nearest fire, and the smoke at our house was so dense
all day, that the sun could not be seen and the appear-
ance out-doors was like that of a heavy fog in the morn-
ing.

About midday we heard the music, cheers, and some
firing by a body of the enemy marching on the next
street. In our yard, near my window, was a small
peach tree ; I was sitting up in bed and looking at the
tree when the firing took place. I saw a small twig of
the tree fall, and almost at the same moment, heard the
quick thud of a ball striking the fence! This I call the
last shot of Richmond. We were sure now that the en-
emy were in Richmond. A friend called and told us that
nearly all the business portion of the city had been burned,
that the Yankees had quelled the mob, and that they were
then engaged in sto])ping the fire. This they succeeded
in doing after severe exertion and blowing up several
buildings ahead of the fire. One of our old negro wo-
men was heard i)raying nearly all day; she was in the
yard and terribly frightened by the thought that the
fire would reach us and burn her u\).

Hundreds of the residents of the burned district were
bivouacking in the capitol s(|uare, having moved to it
everything they could. It i)resented the appearance
of a vast cam]), filled willi household goods, women and
children! Many had built fires, and were cooking to
feed the hungry children. All the people remained there
until the next day and some stayed several days.

In the evening we heard that quiet had been restored
and that the Yankee soldiers were patrolling the streets
and would place a guard throughout the city in order to

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 289

preserve order among citizens as well as soldiers; that
they had marched outside of the city and would allow
no soldier except the guard to go about the streets. This
had a very soothing effect, the citizens not knowing what
would be done for the city. We saw none of the Yan-
kees except a few now and then passing the house, —
heard that all the houses would be searched for contra-
band goods and Confederate soldiers! The next morn-
ing one of my good neighbors sent me a piece of corn
bread and herring for breakfast, with the message that
it was the last of the Confederacy!

On Wednesday or Thursday our door-bell was rung
and the one answering it met three Yankee officers at the
door! They were invited in, and introduced themselves
by name and stated they were members of Gen. Canby's
staff, who was in command of the city. One of the
household came and informed me. Thinking the best
thing to do was to be candid with them, I sent them in-
formation of my presence in the house and my condi-
tion, and asked them to come to my room to see me.
This they did at once, and they were very polite and
courteous to me. We had articles of value and others
we desired to keep, hidden about the house in various
places. In my room was a large lounge whose springs
were out of order. In this lounge I had placed two
sabers, because I thought they would not be detected on
account of the bad springs. When I invited the officers
to take seats all sat down on this lounge. I noticed that
some of them moved about occasionally, but could not tell
w^hether their suspicions were aroused as to anything
being in it or not. After talking a little while I told
them of the hiding-place. They laughed, and when they
left they told me to let them remain there for the present,

290 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

as well as anything else that was hidden, and if any one
molested us or any articles in the house, to let them know
at headquarters! The next day a guard was placed on
that square in front of our house, which remained on
this post for several weeks.

On Sunday, April 9. it was rumored in Richmond that
Gen. Lee had surrendered his armv. None of the Con-
federate people helieved this. It was confirmed the next
day. What a blow! The greatest army the world ever
saw% the Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by that
great soldier. Gen. Lee, had surrendered ! It seemed
impossible! However few, they would die fighting! —
but the officers thought it best to save those few men and
determined to surrender! Gen. Grant, the Commander in
Chief of the United States Army, who commanded the
army of the Potomac in person, paid the Army of North-
ern Virginia its greatest tribute, when he said the year
before that that army could not be beaten, it could only
be destroyed, and this he intended to do by mere attri-
ti(^n. knowing full well when he destroyed one man, we
had no (jther to put in his place. lie was willing to sac-
rifice ten of his men to one of ours, if necessary. How
well he carried this out his campaign will tell, as the
Army of Northern Virginia destroyed for him several
times its own number before it was finally destroyed.

.\ few days after the confirmation of the surrender,
the men of Lee's army began to arrive in Richmond,
and the old Chief himself came riding alone to the city!
His old followers immediately recognized him and
formed in line and followed him to his home, where with
uncovered heads they saw him enter his door, and then
they silently dispersed. This was the last of the Con-
federacy ! ! !

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 291

All realized that the last hope was gone, and that the
great struggle for secession was at an end. Thus ended
the war, and at that time the inhabitants of the South
were a ruined people.

" Furl that banner — true 'tis gory,
Yet 'tis wreathed around with glory,
And 'twill live in song and story,

Though its folds are in the dust;
For its fame on brightest pages.
Penned by poet and by sages.
Shall go sounding down the ages.

Furl its folds though now we must.

" Furl that banner — softly, slowly ;
Treat it gently — it is holy.

For it droops above the dead ;
Touch it not — unfold it never,
Let it droop there, furled forever.
For its people's hopes are dead."

XXXIV

RETURNING HOME

When the Confederate soldiers returned from the
army after the war the majority of them hterally had
nothing but the ragged clothing on their backs, not even
a change! What a sight met them on their arrival at
home! Desolation everywhere. Many found their fam-
ilies scattered all over the state, difYerent members having
taken up their abode with relatives or friends in such
sections as had not been over-run by the enemy. Many
found dwellings, barns, stables, outbuildings, fences and
literally everything except the land gone; some found a
few outbuildings remaining, no fences, while others
found the fences remaining but everything else gone.
One could travel along the roads in certain sections of
the country for miles and see neither fence nor house
nor a single living thing, unless a fox or other wild ani-
mal should cross his path!

While some of the soldiers had their land, that was all
they had, — no stock, no farming utensils or provisions.
If (jne had these he was an exception. The world will
never know the poverty these men were reduced to, and
their conduct at this time shines out with more brilliancy,
if such could l:)e the case, than did their services in the
army ! They literally turned the sword into the plowshare,
and went to work with a determination to make a living,
and, if possible, to recujx^rate their fortunes! Poverty
is a great levelcr, and all were on the same footing now.

2f)2

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 293

The men accepted any honorable work, and there were
actually seen in the streets of Richmond, in the burnt
district, men cleaning brick who a short time ago were
worth thousands!

It was not uncommon to see a private and a colonel
in their old uniforms, working side by side! The men
in the country went to work with the same determina-
tion — a family who had been raised in affluence and
luxury, living in a log cabin, the lady of the house doing
the cooking and the landed proprietor following a plow
drawn by the only horse on the place!

All the money made by the men for several months
was spent in meeting actual needs, and generally it took
all they made to feed the family. In consequence, the
old soldiers were still wearing their old uniforms. This
became a great annoyance to the Yankee army that was
stationed in the South. The sight of the old Confeder-
ate soldier going about daily in his old uniform reminded
them too forcibly of the hard times they had undergone
during the last four years. In order to remove these
uniforms out of sight as much as possible, the military
authorities issued an order that the brass buttons on the
coats and jackets of the late Confederate soldier must
come off by a certain day. They allowed them the choice
of covering the buttons with some material that would
hide the shining brass or cut them off, — but the brass
buttons must be off or hidden from sight by that date.
If the brass buttons were found on their clothing after
that date, the United States soldiers had orders to arrest
the offender and cut the buttons off. It the man sub-
mitted to this or made no resistance he was allowed to
go free, if he was caught the second time he would be
imprisoned. Some of our men thought this such a fool-

294 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

ish order for the great United States government to is-
sue, that they paid no attention to it ; and many were
stopped in the streets of Richmond and their buttons
were cut off! This accounts for many of the old uni-
forms that are seen at this day with buttons covered or
without brass or mihtary buttons.

A few years after the war I met an old comrade — it
was a happy meeting as each had so much to tell the
other — when we finally said good-by, he turned to me
and said :

" I can't take up my musket

And fight 'em now no more,
But I ain't a-going to love 'em,

Now that is sartin sure ;
For I don't want no pardon,

For what I was and am,
I won't be reconstructed,

And I don't care a damn."

XXXV

THE WOMEN OF THE SOUTH

What had the women of the South been doing all
this time? Would that I had a gifted pen to tell of the
noble deeds done by them ! They had not been idle.
Wherever woman could work or administer comfort,
there she was found.

As soon as Virginia seceded, they organized societies
throughout the State for work. In Richmond they met
daily at certain houses and in the basement of nearly
every church, where they made bandages by the mile,
lint by the hundred pounds, — using all the old cotton
and linen clothing they had for this purpose, — making
haversacks, and clothing of all kinds. To show with
what energy they could work when it was necessary, I
will narrate a circumstance told me soon after it oc-
curred: During the retreat of Johnston from York-
town, Richmond was thought to be deficient in fortifi-
cations, and it was suggested that if the government had
bags they might be filled with sand and earth and placed
in position, thus forming a wall, and then with earth
thrown against this on the outside, earthworks of great
strength could be made very quickly, — but how to get
enough bags was the trouble ! The ladies hearing of
this, sent a committee to see the Secretary of War, offer-
ing to make the bags if he would supply the material.
He gladly accepted their ofTer and in an hour he had
delivered to the ladies, at various places which they had

295

296 ONE OF JACKSOX'S FOOT CAVALRY

designated, many huge rolls of cotton. The ladies were
ready ; cutting and making commenced, and the work
went on all night. The next morning thousands of fin-
ished hags were delivered to the authorities, and in a
few hours the work of erecting the fortificati(jns was
begun !

The hospital committee were ever present, administer-
ing to the sick and wounded. I have heard numerous
soldiers say they were glad they were wounded, as the
careful attention received from those women more than
repaid them for the suffering they endured ! Here is a
little incident told me after the war, by one of the fash-
ionable young ladies, who lived on one of the fashionable
streets of Richmond during the war. She was one of
the young ladies who composed one of the hospital com-
mittees. In one of the hospitals which she attended,
there was a soldier from one of the southern states who
was desperately wounded, whom devoted nursing saved.
He appreciated it and showed his obligation as well as
a man could by thanks. When he was well and was or-
dered to his command in the field, lie asked this young
lady if he might call on her at her home. She told him
she would be glad to see him at any time, and gave him
the number of her residence. A day or two afterwards
he called, and after conversing a short while, he told
her he knew that the care given him by the ladies had
.saved his life, and he had asked to call in order that he
might thank lier and at the .same time he wished to
make her a bttle present. 11n's had given him a great
deal of th()U.L;lit. as his means were very limited, but he
had iKHight her what he considered the best thing in the
world, and he presented her with a small package of
"goobers" (peanuts), saying he wished he were able

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 297

to give her a bushel! She said to me that she consid-
ered that the most vahiable present she ever received, and
prized it as such, because it came from the man's heart;
and she thinks it took every cent of money he had to
purchase it !

There were committees to look after the poor who had
a hard time, as all were poor! They did their duty as
nobly and faithfully as the others.

Many households had no male person in them. This
entailed much work and anxiety on the women at the
head of them, and especially w^as this true in the country,
where it was necessary to attend to the business of the
farm, as well as that of the house. Many farms, and
some large ones, were operated very successfully by
women.

After the war they shared every hardship cheerfully,
and, with an abiding faith in the men, they upheld them
in all honorable work, and welcomed their old acquaint-
ances to their homes with great cordiality, regardless
of their rough hands and ragged clothing.

God bless the Southern women of those days ! Would
that I were able to build a monument to them. I would
have it as high as the steeple of St. Paul's Church, and
in its base a room, the walls of which I would adorn
with paintings, telling the story of their lives during those
trying times. In the center of this room, I would have
a statue of a Southern mother, dressed in plain Confeder-
ate clothes, holding in one hand a pocket Bible, which she
is handing to her boy who is not old enough to wear a
coat, her other hand pointing to the open door, and, with
tears streaming down her cheeks, telling him his coun-
try's needs are more than hers — to go and join the
army! Among the paintings, I would have the wife

298 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

and daughters of Gen. Robert E. Lee, knitting socks for
the private soldiers of his army! and Mrs. Gen. John B.
Gordon, administering to a sick or wounded soldier on the
roadside in the field. She accompanied the General in
the field during the war. I would fill the room with such
scenes as these.

XXXVI

GEN. LEE

I WAS standing in the door of our headquarters in Rich-
mond about the middle of April, 1861, when my atten-
tion was attracted by a man approaching; he wore a uni-
form. It was not the uniform that attracted my at-
tention but the man himself. He was tall and straight,
and I thought the handsomest specimen of manhood I
had ever seen, both in face and figure. He made such
an impression that as he came opposite me I could not
keep from looking at him, and when he had passed my
eyes still followed him, until I actually stepped outside
of the door in order to keep him in sight. About an
hour later he returned up the street and went into the
Spottswood Hotel. I followed and asked some friend
if he could tell me who that splendid looking man was.
He informed me that it was Colonel Robert E. Lee.

The next time I saw him was on Valley Mountain in
Pocahontas Co., Va. (now West Va.). He was a gen-
eral in the Confederate army and in command of our
department. I saw him daily before he was ordered to
another command. In our advance to attack Mc-
Clellan at Cold Harbor in 1862, after passing through
the woods and reaching a field, the first man we saw was
our beloved old general on his gray horse, and although
he was at some distance, we recognized him at once.
He was then in command of the army of Northern Vir-
ginia, and we joined him to remain till the end came at

299

300 ONE OF JACKSOX'S FOOT CAVALRY

Appomattox. I saw him several times after this around
Richmond. The next time I saw him he was sitting
on a stump on the battlefield of Second Manassas ob-
serving Longstreet's men taking position in line of battle,
as they came on the field to join Jackson. I saw him
often from that time till Grant's campaign of 1864. The
last time I saw him he was at Spottsylvania C. H., the
day our corps left to head Grant off at Hanover Junc-
tion. He appeared to me the same ideal man, except
that his hair had become almost white and the dark
nuistache of my first acquaintance was exchanged for
a full beard of gray. As our C(jlumn approached him, an
old private stepped out of ranks and advanced to Gen.
Lee. They shook hands like acquaintances and entered
into a lively conversation. As I moved on I looked back,
and the old man had his gun in one hand and the other
hand on Traveler's neck, still talking.

It was such scenes as that, that made Gen. Lee so p>op-
ular. He believed in his men and thought they could
do anything that mortals could do. His men worshiped
him. and I think the greatest man the world ever saw
was Robert 1^. Lee.

" As troubles gathered round him

Thick as waves that beat the sliore

Aetra Cura, rode beliiiid him.
I'ainine's slia(k)\v filled his door;

Still he wrought deeds no mortal men
Had ever wrought before."

XXXVII

RECORD OF F COMPANY, 2 1 ST VIRGINIA REGIMENT OF IN-
FANTRY

ROSTER

Captains. R. Milton Gary, enlisted Apl. 21, 1861 ; pro-
moted colonel of 30th Va. Regt. of Infantry June
15, 1861 ; and was ordered in 1862 to Belona Ar-
senal to supervise the making of cannon for the
army and navy. In 1865 he was ordered to Golds-
boro, N". C, and surrendered with Johnston's army.
Richard H. Cunningham, Jr., enlisted Apl. 21, 1861 ;
as second lieutenant; first lietuenant May i, 1861 ;
captain May 16, 1861 ; elected lieutenant colonel of
the 2ist Va. Regt. Apl. 1862; killed at Cedar Run,
Aug. 9, 1862.

William H. Morgan, enlisted June 1861, as adju-
tant of the 2 1st Va. Regt; elected captain of F
Company Apl. 1862; killed at Cedar Run Aug. 9,
1862.

William A. Pcgram, enlisted Apl. 21, 1861 ; pro-
moted captain in 1863; killed at Williamsport, Md.,
July 6, 1863.

Reuben J. Jordan, enlisted Apl. 21, 1861 ; promoted
second lieutenant 1863; and captain in 1864;
wounded at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864; and at Fort
Steadman Mch. 25, 1865.

First Lieutenant. James R. Crenshaw, enlisted Apl. 21,

301

302 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

1861 ; promoted lieutenant colonel 26tli Va. Regt.
of Inft., i86j.

Jr. Second Lieutenant. Philip A. Wei ford, enlisted Apl.
Ji. 1 861 ; second lieutenant May i, 1861 ; first lieu-
tenant Dec. 1 861 ; promoted major and commissary
of subsistence in 1863.

First Sergeant. Edward Mayo, enlisted A\)\. 21, 1861;
promoted junior second lieutenant May i, 1861 ;
first lieutenant June 6, 1861 ; and resigned Dec.
1861.

Second Sergeant. Henry T. Miller, enlisted Apr. 21,
1861 ; first sergeant May i, 1861 ; promoted junior
second lieutenant June 6, 1861 ; and adjutant of 26th
Va. Regt. Nov. 1861 ; and captain 25th Va. battal-
ion of Inft., Mar. 16, 1864.

lliird Sergeant. John A. Pizzini, enlisted April 21,
1861 ; first sergeant June 6, 1861 ; promoted lieu-
tenant of infantry in 1862; wounded on Romney
expedition winter 1861-2.

Fourth Sergeant. Edward G. Rawlings, enlisted Apl.
21, 1861 ; second sergeant June 6, 1861 ; elected
second lieutenant Apl. 1862; killed at Second Ma-
nassas, Aug. 30, 1862.

f-irst Corporal. John Tyler, enlisted Apl. 21, 1861 ;
sergeant June 6, 1861 ; promoted first lieutenant
Letcher Battery Feb. 1862; transferred to staff duty
with Gen. J. L. Kemper.

Second Corporal. Thomas Ellett, enlisted .\pl. 21,
1861 ; sergeant June 6, 1861 ; promoted lieutenant
Crenshaw Battery May, 1862; and captain 1864.

lliird Corporal. Edward T. Robinson, enlisted Apl.
21, i8^)T ; transferred 1861 to medical department.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 303

Fourth Corporal. Shirley King, enlisted Apl. 21, 1861 ;
detailed by Secretary of War, 1861.

Anderson, Archer, enlisted Apl. 21, 1861, promoted cap-
tain and A. A. G. Gen. Trimbles' staff 1861 ; major
on Gen. Holmes' staff Feb., 1862; lieutenant col-
onel on Gen. D. H. Hills' staff July, 1863; and in
1865 as A. A. Gen., Gen. J. E. Johnston's army.

Anderson, Junius H., enlisted Apl. 21, 1861 ; promoted
acting master C. S. Navy in 1862.

Anderson, Joseph H., enlisted 1863; promoted corporal
1863; wounded at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864.

Anderson, Henry V., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; killed at
Cedar Run Aug. 9, 1862.

Archer, William S., Jr., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; pro-
moted first sergeant April, 1863 ; first lieutenant
company K, 48th Va. Regt. of Inft. 1863; wounded
near Cold Harbor June, 1864; captured in the Val-
ley of Va., 1864, and carried to Fort Delaware,
where he remained until the close of the war.

Ayers, Edward S., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; transferred
in 1861.

Barber, N., enlisted 1863.

Barker, William C, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; transferred
to Second company of Howitzers April 10, 1862;
promoted lieutenant in Letcher's battery, 1862.

Bates, E., enlisted 1863; died from effects of campaign
March 10, 1864.

Bates, W., enlisted 1863; wounded at Hatcher's Run
Feb. 5-7, 1865.

Baughman, Charles C, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; trans-
ferred to Otey battery Nov. 1861.

Baughman, George C, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; pro-
moted first lieutenant, Caskie battery in 1861.

304 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

P)aii.u:hman, Greer IL, enlisted April 21, 1861; trans-
ferred to Caskie battery as sergeant July, 1861 ;
wounded at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864.

Beers, Henry H., enlisted April 21, 1861; transferred
to Caskie battery 1862.

Binford, James M., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; trans-
ferred to signal corps 1862.

Binford, Robert E., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
first lieutenant heavy artillery, 1862.

Blunt, Ira \V., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted hos-
pital steward 21st Va. Regt., Jan. 24, 1862.

Boyd, James N., age 15 years. Joined us at Namo-
zine Creek April 1865. Captured a few days after
at Sailor's Creek.

Bowe, H. C, enlisted 1863, discharged June. 1864.

Bridgers, David B., Jr. enlisted April 21, 1861 ; trans-
ferred to Richmond Howitzers. 1862.

Bridgers. Richard M., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
captain of infantry March 18, 1862.

Brock. R. Alonzo, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
corporal April 22, 1863; detailed by Gen. Lee June
12, 1862, for special service; promoted captain of
infantry in 1862.

Brown, A. 1)., enlisted 1863; wounded at Hatcher's
\\\m ]'\'b. 5-7, 1865.

Brown, A. H., enlisted 1863.

Brown, George ^^^, enlisted 1863; wounded (l(>st a
leg) at Wilderness May 5, 1864.

Brown, Henry, enlisted 1863.

Brown, James R., enlisted 1863.

Bullington. Henry N., enlisted April 21, 1861; detailed
by Secretary of War in 1861, for clerical service
with Gen. A. P. Hill.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 305

Cabell, J. Caskie, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
first lieutenant company F, 60th Va. Regt. 1861.

Callis, G., enlisted 1863.

Child, Jesse, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted corporal
June 6, 1861 ; and sergeant 1861 ; first lieutenant
Company A, 42d Va. Regt., 1862; captured at
Spottsylvania C. H., May 12, 1864; sent to Morris
Island and placed under fire of the Confederate
guns of Charleston in order to keep them from fir-
ing on certain points occupied by the Yankee army,
afterwards taken to prison and kept there until the
close of the war.

Chamberlayne, J. Hampden, enlisted April 21, 1861 ;
promoted lieutenant Provisional Army, Va., May
1862; and assigned as adjutant of artillery battalion,
A. P. Hill's division ; assigned to Crenshaw battery
Jan., 1862; captured near Gettysburg, Pa., July,
1863; promoted captain July, 1864, and assigned
to the command of a battery near the Crater; pro-
moted major March, 1865, and assignment not made
until just before the Appomattox retreat; com-
mander of rear guard of artillery at Appomattox
C. H., April 9, 1865.

Chapman, Isaac W., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; discharged
by the Secretary of War Jan. 1862.

Clarke, Maxwell T., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; transferred
to C. S. Navy June, 1861 ; commissioned master
in charge of navy yard at Richmond, May, 1863;
and placed in command of gunboat in James River
Squadron.

Clopton, Dr. John, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
assistant surgeon and transferred in 1861.

3o6 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

Cocke, Lorenzo, G., enlisted April jt, i86i ; died in
camp at Milboro, Dec. i, 1861.

Cole, Addison C, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; discharged
by the Secretary of War. Jan. i86j.

Coleman, X., enlisted 1863.

Couch, L. M., enlisted 1863; wounded at Payne's Farm
Nov. 27. 1863; and at the Wilderness May 5, 1864;
and at Cedar Creek Oct. 19, 1864.

Cowardin, John L., enlisted April 21. 1861; promoted

first lieutenant and adjutant of Va. Regt., in

Floyd's command, 1861.

Craig, John A., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; appointed hos-
pital steward, Feb., 1864.

Cumbie, W. S., enlisted 1863.

Cumbia, W. E., transferred from 24th Va. battalion of
infantry 1863; killed at Wilderness, May 5, 1864

Danforth. Henry ])., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
lieutenant of ordnance April, 1862; and captain and
A. A. General on Gen. Hunton's staff.

Dill, Adolph, Jr., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; detailed by
order of the Secretary of W^ar, 1863.

Dillard. K. 11., enlisted 1863; wounded at the Wilder-
ness, May 5, 1864.

Divers, \\'. TI., enlisted 1863; wounded at Newtown
Au.c^. II. 1864; and died two days afterwards.

Doggctt, I'Vancis W., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; trans-
ferred to Dabncy's battery in 1861 ; promoted cap-
tain of artillery.

Dowdy, Nathaniel A., enlisted 1863; promoted corporal
1864: wounded at the Wilderness, May 5, 1864;
and at Winchester Sept. 19, 1864; captured at
Fort Steadman March 25, 1865. and was kept in
prison until the close of the war.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 307

Edmonds, W. B., enlisted 1863 ; captured at Spottsyl-
vania C. H., May 19, 1864, and kept in prison until
close of war.

Ellerson, Jock H., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; transferred
to C. S. Navy, June, 1861.

Ellett, Robert, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted lieu-
tenant in Letcher's battery Sept. 23, 1861 ; killed
in front of Petersburg, April 2, 1865.

English, J. C, enlisted 1863; wounded at Winchester
Sept. 19, 1864; captured and sent to Elmira, N. Y.,
where he died.

Etting, Samuel, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; transferred to
Caskie battery 1861 ; promoted sergeant 1861.

Exall, Charles H., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
sergeant in Letcher's battery. May, 1862.

Exall, William, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; killed at Bath
Jan. 3, 1862.

Field, William G., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; transferred
to cavalry in 1861 ; killed at Malvern Hill, July i,
1862.

Floyd, George C, enlisted 1863.

Fontaine, R. Morris, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; discharged

by the Secretary of War, July, 1861.
Fox, Henry, C, enlisted 1863; wounded at Monocacy,

Md., July 9, 1864; killed at Fort Steadman March

25, 1865.
Gentry, John W., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted

corporal 1862; transferred to Assistant A. Genl's

department, June, 1862.

Gentry, M. G., enlisted 1863; detailed by Gen. Lee and
ordered to report to Gen. Winder at Richmond, in
1864.

3o8 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

Gibson, William T., enlisted A\)v\\ 21, 1861 ; discharged
by the Secretary of War, Dec. 1862.

Gillian, Robert H., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; wounded
at Cedar Run Aug. Q, 1862: promoted second lieu-
tenant 25th Va. battalion of infantry, Feb. 1864;
acting adjutant of the battalion when captured at
Sailor's Creek, April 6, 1865.

Gouldman, E., enlisted 1863; promoted corporal 1863,
and sergeant 1864.

Gray, W. Granville, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
second lieutenant Dec. 6, 1861 : elected first lieu-
tenant April 19. 1862; resigned March 25, 1864.

Gray, Summerville, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; transferred
to Howitzers in 1861.

Green, John W., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; transferred to
artillery 1861 ; assigned to ordnance department;
entered cavalry service in 1863; killed near Liberty
Mills Sept. 22, 1863.

Green, T. Richie, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; transferred
and promoted lieutenant of artillery, 1861.

Griffin, J., enlisted 1863; captured at Spottsylvania C.
II., May 19, 1864.

Harrison, Thomas R., enlisted Ai)ril 21, 1861 ; trans-
ferred to Second Richmond Howitzers; promoted
lieutenant and A. D. C. on Gen. Garnett's staff,
1862; wounrled and cai)ture(l at Gettysburg, Pa.,
and kept in prison until close of the war.

Ilarvic. William O., enlisted A])ril 21, 1861 ; transferred
to (juartermaster's department i8^)i ; promoted
Major A. O. M.

Hawkins, L. A., enlisted 1863; discharged by the Secre-
tary of War, Aj)ril 9, 1864.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 309

Haynes, George A., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted

ordnance sergeant 21st Va. Regt. Oct., 1862.
Henry, Dr. Patrick, enlisted May 16, 1861 ; promoted

assistant surgeon in the army, 1861.
Hobson, Deane, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; transferred to

artillery 1861.
Houston, G. W., enlisted 1863; wounded at Winchester

Sept. 19, 1864.
Hudgins, Malcolm L., enlisted May 16, 1861 ; promoted

junior second lieutenant 1863; and first lieutenant

April, 1864; wounded and captured at Cedar Creek,

Oct. 19, 1864, and kept in prison until March 30,

1864, when he was exchanged.
Hull, Irving, enlisted May, 1861 ; transferred 1861.
Jenkins, William S., enlisted April 21, 1861.
Jones, David B., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted

quartermaster sergeant of 21st Va. Regt., 1862,

and acting Q. M. of the regiment, 1864.
Jones, Philip B., Jr., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted

captain and A. Q. M., Oct. 26, 1861.
Johnston, J. W., enlisted 1863; captured at Wilderness

May 5, 1864; kept in prison until close of war.
Kayton, P. W., enlisted 1863 ; captured on skirmish line

at Spottsylvania C. H. May 12, 1864; kept in

prison until close of war.
Kellogg. Timothy H., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted

second lieutenant company H, 21st Va. Regt. April

22, 1862; promoted Major and A. C. S. Nov., 1862.
Kidd, J. A., enlisted 1863; wounded at Payne's Farm,

Nov. 2^, 1863; killed at Fort Steadman March

25, 1865.
Legg, A. C, enlisted 1863; wounded at the Wilderness,

May 5, 1864; died from its effects June 26, 1864.

3IO OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

Lindsay, Roswcll S., enlisted April Ji, 1861 ; promoted
corporal April, 1862; killed at Cedar Run, Aug.
9, 1862.

Lorentz, A., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; transferred 1861.

Macmurdo, Richard C, enlisted May 18, 1861; pro-
moted captain and A. C. S. March 30, 1862.

Maddox, R. G., enlisted May, 1861 ; transferred 186 1.

Mason, J. M., enlisted 1863, captured at Cedar Creek,
Oct. 19, 1864; kei)t in prison until close of war.

Mayo, Joseph E., enlisted May 10, 1861 ; transferred
to signal corps 1863.

McEvoy, Charles A., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; resigned
June 2^, 1 861, by order of Gov. Letcher.

Meade, Everard B., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
lieutenant regiment of engineer troops; and A. D.
C. to Brig.-Gen. James H. Lane.

Mebane, James A., enlisted April 21. 1861 ; promoted
hospital steward in 1861.

Meredith, J. French, enlisted April 21. 1861 ; transferred
186 1.

Merryman. J. 1., enlisted 1863; captured on skirmish
line at Spottsylvania C. II., May 12, 1864.

Mitchell, SanuK*] O., enlisted April ji, 1S61 ; promoted
lieutenant A. D. C. to Gen. C. S. Winder May 9,
1862; killed at Gaines Mill. June i-j, 1862.

Mitlledorfer, Charles, enlisted April 21, \'^(^\\ trans-
ferred 1 86 1.

Morris, Walter 11. P., enlisted .\pril 21, 1861 ; trans-
ferred to Marye battery 1861 ; promoted lieutenant
and A. D. C.

Mountcastle, John R., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
lieutenant of cavalry June. 1862.

Munt, Henry l\, enlisted 1863; promoted corjxjral 1863;

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 311

captured at Wilderness, May 5, 1864, and kept in
prison until close of war.

Nance, J. L., enlisted 1863; discharged by the Secretary
of War in 1864.

Norwood, William, Jr., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; pro-
moted lieutenant and A. D. C, Sept. 11, 1861,
and captain and A. A. Gen. 1862. Wounded at Ce-
dar Run, Aug. 9, 1862.

Nunnally, Joseph L., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; wounded
at Kernstown, March 23, 1862; killed at Cedar
Run, Aug. 9, 1862.

Pace, George R., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted cor-
poral June, 1 86 1, discharged by the Secretary of
War, June, 1862.

Pace, Theodore A., enlisted May 6, 1861 ; discharged
by the Secretary of War, June, 1862.

Page, Mann, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted sergeant
major of 21st Va. Regt. in 1861 ; first lieutenant and
adjutant 1862; captain and A. A. Gen. in 1862;
Major on Gen. Early's staff, 1864.

Pardigon, C. F., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
lieutenant in Provisional Army C. S., and Captain
on Gen. Kershaw's staff.

Payne, James B., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
junior second lieutenant Dec. 28, 1861 ; wounded
at Bath, Jan. 3, 1862.

Peaster, Henry, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; wounded at
Payne's Farm Nov. 27, 1863; transferred to Mary-
land line. 1864.

Peagram, William R. J., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; pro-
moted lieutenant Purcell battery May, 1861 ; pro-
moted captain, lieutenant, colonel and colonel of
artillery; killed at Five Forks, April i, 1865.

312 OXK OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

Peterkin, George \\'., enlisted Ai)ril ji, i86i ; promoted
sergeant 1861 ; and elected junior lieutenant April
19, 1862; promoted first lieutenant and A. D. C.
on Gen. W. X. Pendleton's staff, June, 1862.

Picot, Henry V., enlisted Ajjril 21, 1861; wounded at
Kernstown, March j;^,, 1862; and died from its
effects.

Piet, William A., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; transferred
to Third company Howitzers, June, 1862.

Pilcher, Samuel F., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; when F
Company went to Fredericksburg he was made a
sergeant, and left in Richmcjnd to recruit a second
company. Ill health soon compelled him to discon-
tinue, his health gradually declined and he died in

1863.

Pollard, William G., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
sergeant April 19, 1862; killed at Cedar Run, Aug,
9, 1862.

Powell. John G., enlisted May 10, 1861 ; killed at Cedar
Run, Aug. 9, 1862.

IVwell, John W.. enlisted April 21. 1861 ; transferred
186*1.

Price, Channing R., enlisted May, 1861 ; promoted lieu-
tenant, ca])tain and major on Gen. J. 1^. I>. Stuart's
staff; killed at Chanccllorsville, May, 1863.

Randolph. ]. Tucker, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
corporal June 5, 1861 ; sergeant 1861 ; wounded at
Kernstr)wn, March 23, i86j; ])romoted lieutenant
(»n Cien. John Pegram's staff, June, 1862; killed at
P.ethesda Church, May 30, 18^)4.

Randolph, M. Lewis, enlisted April ji. 1861 ; promoted
corporal May, 1861 ; lieutenant in First Va. battal-

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 313

ion of infantry 1861 ; and captain in signal corps,
1862.

Redd, Clarence M., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; wounded at
Cedar Run, Aug. 9, 1862; transferred to Hanover
artillery in 1862.

Reeve, David I. B., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
first lieutenant and adjutant of cavalry in 1862.

Reeve, John J., enlisted May 10, 1861 ; promoted captain
and A. A. General on Gen. Loring's staff April 7,
1862 ; major and A. A. G. on Gen. Stevenson's
staff, 1862.

Rennie, G. Hutcheson, enlisted May 18, 1861 ; killed at
Fort Steadman, March 25, 1865.

Richeson, P. S., enlisted 1863; wounded at Spottsyl-
vania C. H. May 12, 1864.

Richeson, William R., enlisted 1863; and served with
his company to Appomattox. Complimented on
the battlefield at Hatcher's Run, Feb. 5-7, 1865,
by General Gordon.

Rison, John W., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; transferred to
Laboratory department 1861.

Robertson, William S., enlisted May 18, 1861 ; pro-
moted sergeant 1864; captured at Waynesboro,
Mar. 2, 1865, sent to Fort Delaware, and kept there
until close of the war.

Robinson, Christopher A., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; de-
tailed in engineer corps, 1862.

Robinson, Richard F., enlisted April 21, 1861; dis-
charged by the Secretary of War, April, 1862.

Rutledge, W., enlisted 1863; served with his company to
Appomattox.

Searles, S., enlisted 1863; sent to hospital Aug. 16, 1864.

Seay, M., enlisted 1863; sent to hospital May 2, 1864.

314 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

Seay, W. C, enlisted 1863; wounded at Spottsylvania
C. H., May 12, 1864, and died from its effects
May 14, 1864.

Singleton, A. Jackson, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; dis-
charged by the Secretary of War Feb., 1862.

Simpson, F. J., enlisted 1863; captured at Spottsylvania
C. H., May 19, 1864.

Sizer, Milton 1)., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; discharged
by the Secretary of War Feb., 1862.

Skinker, Charles R., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; wounded
at Kernstown ^larch 27,, 1862; transferred to sec-
ond company of Howitzers in 1862; wounded at
Fredericksburg, 1862; promoted first lieutenant
Company K, 48th Va. Regt. of infantry 1863; cap-
tain 1863; wounded at Chancellorsville, May 2,
1863; captured at Spottsylvania C. H. May 12,
1864; sent to Fort Delaware and rejoined his com-
mand in about seven months ; wounded at Hatcher's
Run Feb. 12, 1865 and permanently disabled.

Smith, Edward H., enlisted April Ji, 1861; transferred

to Howitzers in 1861.
Smith, Henry, enlisted 1863; wounded at Wilderness

May 5, 1864.

Smith. J. T., enlisted 1863; served with his company to
Apjjomattox.

Smith, Thomas, enlisted 1863 ; captured at the Wilderness

May 5, 1864; kept in ])ris(»n until close of war.
Soles, Peter 1)., enlisted 1863.

Sublett, Peter A., enlisted Ai)ril 21, 1861; transferred
to 'J'hird company of Richmond Howitzers Aug.,
1862.

'i'abb, Ivobcrl M.. enlisted April ji. 18O1 ; promoted ser-

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 315

geant 1863; sergeant-major 21st Va. Regt. Sept.,
1864; killed at Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, 1864.

Talley, Daniel D., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
paymaster C. S. Navy, 1862.

Tatum, A. Randolph, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; detailed
and assigned to duty with Gen. J. H. Winder, Feb.,
1862.

Tatum, Vivion H., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; detailed in
commissary department in Richmond 1862.

Taylor, Charles E., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; wounded
at Kernstown, March 23, 1862; transferred to sig-
nal corps, 1862.

Taylor, Clarence E., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; wounded
at Cedar Run Aug. 9, 1862; detailed to Quarter-
master's department in Richmond, 1862.

Taylor, Edward B., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; wounded
at Kernstow^n, Mar. 23, 1862; transferred to ord-
nance department 1862; promoted quartermaster-
sergeant with Maj. Turner, 1864.

Taylor, Robert T., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
Major and A. 0. M., April 15, 1862.

Tiney, W. C, enlisted 1863; promoted corporal May,
1863; killed at Williamsport, Md., July 6, 1863.

Tompkins, Edward G., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; w^ounded
at Cedar Run, Aug. 9, 1862; permanently disabled.

Trainum, Charles, enlisted 1863; discharged by the
Secretary of War, April 11, 1864.

Tyler, James E., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted ser-
geant Letcher battery March, 1862; wounded at
Harper's Ferry 1862; wounded at Chancellorsville,
May 3, 1863 ; promoted second lieutenant, July,
1864; and commanded battery at close of war.

Tyler, R. Emmet, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted

3i6 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

corporal April, 1S62; transferred to ordnance de-
partment, 1862.

Tyree, W. C, enlisted 1863; promoted corporal 1864;
wounded at Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, 1864.

Van Buren, Benjamin B., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; dis-
charged by the Secretary of War, 1862.

W'aldrop, Richard \V., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
commissary sergeant 21st Va. Regt., 1863.

\\'alker, T., enlisted 1863; promoted sergeant May,
1863; killed at Williamsport, Md., July 6, 1863.

Wallace, R. H., enlisted 1863; transferred to 24th V^a.
battalion of Infantry, 1863.

Watkins, A. Salle, enlisted April 21. 1861 ; promoted
second lieutenant company C, 3d battalion Va. In-
fantry May 17, 1864; first lieutenant, and captain,
March, 1865.

Watkins, H. Harrison, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted
sergeant-major 21st Va. Regt. 1862; wounded at
Cedar Run, Aug. 9, 1862; and permanently dis-
abled.

White, Robert C, enlisted April Ji. 1861 ; transferred
to Crenshaw battery, Aug. 13. 1S62.

Wilkins, J. M., enlisted 1863.

Willis, Joseph N., enlisted April 21, 1861; prumotetl

hospital steward, Nov., 1863.
Wood, S. E., enlisted 1863.
Worsham, John II., enlisted April ji, 1861; ])romoted

second sergeant April, 1863; first sergeant I>ec.

1863: adjutant of 21st Va. Regt., Sei)t. 12, 1864;

wcnnidcd at Winchester Sept. 19, 1864; jicrnia-

ncntly disabled.
Worsham, Thomas K., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 317

sergeant Letcher battery, second lieutenant in 1862;
wounded at Spottsylvania C. H. May, 1864.

Wren, J. Porter, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; promoted third
sergeant April, 1863; second sergeant Dec, 1863;
wounded at Cedar Run, Aug. 9, 1862; at Payne's
Farm Nov. 27, 1863; killed at Monocacy, Md.,
July 9, 1864.

Wright, Philip A., enlisted April 21, 1861 ; transferred
1861.

Zimmer, Louis, enHsted April 21, 1861 ; promoted cap-
tain in ordnance department, 1861.

Dr. Frank B. Cunningham, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; as
surgeon of the company; promoted assistant-sur-
geon in the army in 1861, and surgeon of Division
1 862'.

Dr. Peter Lyons, enlisted April 21, 1861 ; as assistant
surgeon of the company; promoted assistant sur-
geon in the army in 1861, and surgeon, 1862.
This makes a total of one hundred and ninety-two

who belonged to the company during the war; below is

a list of changes that took place — casualties, trans-
fers, promotions, etc. :

Died, 3; killed, 31; wounded, 49; captured by the

enemy, 19; transferred, 38; promoted to other commands,

57; discharged, 16; resigned, 2.

Promoted to Navy 5

Promoted Hospital Stewards 4

Promoted Assistant Surgeons 4

Promoted Surgeons 2

Promoted Corporals 14

Promoted Sergeants 25

Promoted Jr. second lieutenants 7

3i8 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

Promoted Second lieutenants i6

Promoted First lieutenants 28

Promoted Captains 24

Promoted Majors 10

Promoted Lieutenant Colonels 4

Promoted Colonels 3

I also give a list of casualties, promotions, etc., that
took place in V Company while the men were serving
with that company ; these are included in list above :

Killed, 20; wounded, 27; captured by the enemy, 11 ;
died, 3; discharged, 16; resigned, 2.

Promoted Corporals 12

F*romoted Sergeants 15

Promoted Jr. Second Lieutenant 5

Promoted Second Lieutenant 4

Promoted First Lieutenant 4

Promoted Captains 4

F. Company participated in the following battles:

1861, Acquia Creek, May 29, June 7-8; Crouch's, Aug.

LS-

1862, P.atli, Jan. 4; Sir John's Run. Jan. 6; Hancock,

Jan. 7; Romncy, Jan. 17; Kcrnstown. Mch. 21, ;
McDowell, May 8; h'ranklin. May 11; Front
Royal, May 21,; Midletown, May 24; Winches-
ter, May 25 ; Cross Keys, June 7 ; Port Republic,
June 9; Cold Harbor, June 2^:^: \Miite Oak
Swamp, June 30; Malvern Hill, July i : Cedar
Run, Aug. 9; Second Manassas, Aug. 2S, 29,
30; Chantilly, Sept. 2; Harper's Ferry, Sept.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 319

13, 14, 15; Sharspbiirg, 16, 17; Fredericksburg,
Dec. 13.

1863, Williamsport, Md., July 6; Hagerstown, Md.,

July 8; Payne's Farm, Nov. 27; Mine Run,
Dec. I, 2, 3.

1864, Wilderness, May 5-8; Spottsylvania C. H., May

9 to 20 ; Hanover Junction, May 22 ; Bethesda
Church, May 30; Cold Harbor, 2 to 7; Lynch-
burg, June 18; Monocacy, Md., July 9; Wash-
ington, D. C, July II, 12; Kernstown, July
24; Newtown, Aug. 11; Winchester, Aug. 17,
and Sept. 19; Fisher's Hill, Sept. 22; Cedar
Creek, Oct. 19.

1865, Hatcher's Run, Feb. 5-7; Fort Steadman, Mch.

25 ; near Petersburg, Apr. 2 ; Appomattox C.
H., Apr. 9.

Our Regiment, the 21st Va., was in the battles of
Chancellorsville, May 2-^,, 1863; Winchester, June,
1863, and Gettysburg, July 2, 3, 4, while F Company
w^as absent recruiting. And F Company fought the
battle of Williamsport, July 6, 1863, while the regiment
was on its way from Gettysburg.

The following members of F Company surrendered
at Appomattox C. H., Apr. 9, 1865:

Corporal H. C. Tyree,

William R. Richeson,

William Rutledge,

Joseph T. Smith.

The following old members of F Company belonging
to other commands surrendered at Appomattox C. H. :

Ira W. Blunt, Hospital Steward, 21st Va. Regt.

George A. Haynes, Ordnance Sergeant, 21st Va.
Regt.

320 ONE OF TACKSOX'S FOOT CAVALRY

Richard W. Waldrop, Commissary Sergeant, 2ist Va.
Rcgt.

John A. Craig. Hospital Steward, 2d Corps.

Henry C. Bullington, Clerk, 3d Corps.

William O. llarvie, Major, A. O. M., Army X. \'a.

Philip B. Jones. Captain. A. O. M.

Walter H. P. Morris, Lieutenant and A. D. C.

William A. Piet. Second Co. Howitzers.

Peter A. Sublctt, Second Co. Howitzers.

George W. Petcrkin. h^irst Lieutenant and A. D. C.

D. T. P.. Reeve.

E. B. 'l^aylor. Sergeant Quarter-Master's Department.
Robert f . Taylor, Major A. O. M.

Robert C. \\'hite.

Louis Zimmer, Captain Ordnance Department.

Peter Lyons, Surgeon.

H. D. Dan forth, Captain and A. D. C.

The following were at Appomattox C. II.. but made
their escape and were not included in the surrender:

Thomas Ellett, Captain Artillery.

James E. Tyler. I^rst Lieutenant .Artillery.

William C. Barker. Second Lieutenant Artillery.

They destroyed their guns. etc.. before leaving.

J. Hamden Chamberlayne, Major of Artillery, made
his escape and joined Gen. J. E. Johnston's Army.

C. C. Baughman. Artillery, and Greer H. Baughman.
Sergeant Artillery, made their escape and went to Gen.
J. I*'.. Johnston's army, and thence to Gen. Kirby
Smith's army.

Lt.-Col. .Archer .Xndcrson. .Adjutnnt-Gencral of Gen.
J. E. Johnston's army, surrendered with that army.

Major John J. Reeve, Adjutant-Cieneral, also served
with that army.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 321

Marches of F Company from the commencement to
the close of the war :

1 86 1. MILES

Apr. 21. Marched to Wilton. Henrico Co. 12
Apr. 22. Returned to Richmond on barges by

James River.
Apr. 24 Took the cars to Fredericksburg.
May. Left Fredericksburg on the cars to Game

Point. Stafford Co.
June 14. Took cars for Richmond.
July 18. Marched to Central R. R. depot

and took cars for Staunton 4

July 20. Marched to Buffalo Gap. Au-
gusta Co 10

July 21. To Ryans 11

July 22. To McDowell. Highland Co 18

July 23. To Monterey . 13

July 24. To Forks of Road 15

July 25. To Napp's Creek. Pocahontas Co. 13

July 26. To Huntersville 8

Aug. 3. To Edray 11

Aug. 5. To Big Spring 17

Aug. 6. To Valley Mountain 4

Sept. 9. To Marshall's Store. Randolph

Co 4

Sept. 10. To Conrad's Store 5

Sept. II. The 21st Va. Regt. w^ent on picket

to the front 4

Sept. 12. To Crouch's 2

Sept. 15. Back to Conrad's Mill 6

Sept. 16. To Marshall's Store 5

Sept. 17. To Valley Mountain. Pocahontas

Co 4

322 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

MILES

Sept. 24. To Middle Mountain 2

Sept. 25. To foot Middle Mountain 2

Sept. 28. To Hogshead's 5

Sept. 30. To Elk Mountain 5

Oct. I. To top of Elk Mountain 3

Oct. 9. To Edray 5

Oct. 14. To Greenbrier Bridge 4

Nov. II. To Harrold's farm 11

Nov. 13. To Warm Springs. Bath Co. ... 22

Nov. 14. To Bath Alum Springs 5

Nov. 30. To ]\Iilboro 10

Dec. 4. Took cars at Milboro and went to

Staunton. Augusta Co.
Dec. 18. Marched from Staunton to Mt. Sid-
ney 13

Dec. 19. To Harrisonburg. Rockingham Co. 16

Dec. 20. To Cowan's farm 13

Dec. 21. To ]\It. Jackson. Shenandoah Co. u

Dec. 22. To Strasburg 24

Dec. 25. To Newtown. Frederick Co 11

Dec. 26. To through Winchester and camped

on Romney Road 16

1862.

Jan. I. To Pughtown 12

Jan. 2. To lingers X Roads. Morgan Co. 13

Jan. 3. To near Bath 12

Jan. 4. To Sir John's Run 5

Jan. 5. Marched towards Hancock and Ca-

I)on Bridge 1 1

Jan. 8. Back to Ungers X Roads 18

Jan. 9. To camp on side road 4

Jan. 13. Marched about 200 yards; the head

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 323

MILES

of the column marched about 4 miles.
Jan. 14. To Bloomery Furnace. Hampshire

Co 8

Jan. 15. To Capon Bridge 5

Jan. 16. To Camp Meeting grounds 7

Jan. 17. To near Romney 12

Jan. 24. To Romney 3

Feb. 3. To Deep Creek 10

Feb. 4. To Hanging Rock 8

Feb. 5. To Back Creek Valley. Frederick

Co . 12

Feb. 6. To near Winchester 9

Feb. 27. To Berryville Road 5

Mch. 7. To Strasburg Road 5

Mch. II. To Springdale 4

Mch. 12. To Cedar Creek 11

Mch. 15. To Woodstock. Shenandoah Co. 15

Mch. 19. To Mt. Jackson 11

Mch. 20. To Rude's Hill 5

Mch. 22. To Fisher's Hill 27

Mch. 23. To Kernstown, where we fought
the battle and back to Newtown. Frederick

Co 26

Mch. 24. To Woodstock. Shenandoah Co. 23

Mch. 25. To Mt. Jackson 13

Mch. 26. Back to Woodstock 11

Mch. 28. Back to Mt. Jackson 11

Apr. 3. To Edenburg and back to Mt. Jack-
son 18

Apr. 5. To Camp on Valley Pike 2

Apr. 7. To below Mt. Jackson 7

Apr. 10. Back to old camp 7

324 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

Apr.

13-

Apr.

I/-

Apr.

i<S.

Apr.

19.

Apr.

23-

Apr.

30-

MILES

To Liiray Road 4

To Lacy's Spring. Rockingham Co. 10

To Gordonsville Road 13

To near Swift Run Gap u

To Swift Run Gap 3

Marclied across the Shenandoah
River and recrossed, then marclied up the

road towards Port Repubhc 12

May I. To Clear Creek 6

May 2. To Port Republic 8

May 3. To White Hall, Albemarle Co.,

crossing the Blue Ridge at Brown's Gap ... 17
May 4, To Meechums Depot ; there took
cars for Staunton, Augusta Co., and marched

through and beyond the town 14

May 6. To Buffalo Gap 10

May 7. To and across the Shenandoah

Mountain 12

May 8. To McDowell. Highland Co., where

we fought the battle 11

May 9. To Shenandoah Mt. and back to

McDowell 13

^^''^ 10. To Hilly Camp. Pendleton Co. .. 15

To near Franklin 10

r»ack to camp on McDowell road . . 5

To Pine Hill. Highland Co 12

To McDowell 8

To Lebanon Springs. Augusta Co. 15

To Mossy Creek. Rockingham Co. 12

'J'o Davton 12

To near New Market. Shenan-

doali Co 15

May

1 1

May

12.

May

'3-

May

14.

May

15.

May

j;-

May

19-

May

20.

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 325

MILES

May 21. To camp on roadside, Page Co.,

crossing Massanutta Mt 13

May 22. To Luray 14

May 23. To Front Royal, Page Co., where

we had a battle 27

May 24-5. To Middletown, Frederick Co.,
where we had a battle, marching all night to
near Winchester, where we had another bat-
tle, and pursuing the enemy beyond that town 26
May 28. My regiment marched into Win-
chester and took charge of the prisoners ... 4
May 31. To Cedar Creek, with prisoners ... 13
June I. To Woodstock. Shenandoah Co. 14

June 2. To Mt. Jackson 14

June 3. To New Market 9

June 4. To Harrisonburg. Rockingham Co. 14

June 5. To New Hope. Augusta Co' 17

June 6. To Waynesboro 12

June 8. To and across the Blue Ridge at

Rockfish Gap. Albemarle Co 6

June 9. To North Garden Depot, O. & A.

R. R 12

June II. We took the cars here and carried
our prisoners to Lynchburg Fair Ground.

Campbell Co 2

June 18. Left Lynchburg and rode on cars to

near Charlottesville. Albemarle Co 2

June 21. Marched to Charlottesville and
joined our brigade as they marched through

on their way to Richmond 9

June 22. To Gordonsville. Orange Co. ... 13
June 23. To Louisa C. H. Louisa Co 13

326 OXE or JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

MILES

June 24. Left Louisa C. H. and rode on cars
to Bumpass Depot, and marched to camp . . 20

June 25. To Ashland. Hanover Co 11

June 26. To near Pole Green Church 15

June ij. To near Cold Harbor, where we

had the battle 11

June 28. Marched to Bridge and back 3

June 30. Crossed the Chickahominy River
and marched to White Oak Swamp, where

we fought the enemy. Henrico Co 11

July I. To Malvern Hill, where we had the

battle 6

July 2. To Willis Church. Charles City

Co 2

July 4. To Forks of Road 2

July 5. To Westover 7

Jaly 8. To Creek 2

July 9. To White Oak Swamp. Henrico

Co 10

July 10. To Seven Pines 8

July II. To Morris I'^arm on Mcchanicsville

Turnpike 10

July 16. Marched tu Richmond, there took
cars on R. F. & P. R. R. and went to Louisa
C. H.. which we reached on the iSih, having
been detained by damage to the bridge across

South Anna River by high water 10

July 20. To Gordonsville. Orange Co. ... 13
July 22. To Liberty Mills. Madison Co. . . *S
July 26. Marched on road to meet the enemy,
who were reported advancing; not finding
them, returned 10

ONE OF JACKSON*S FOOT CAVALRY 327

MILES

July 29. To Mechanicsville. Louisa Co. ... 11
Aug. 4. Back to Liberty Mills. Madison

Co II

Aug. 7. To Orange C. H. Orange Co. ... 13

Aug. 8. To camp in Culpeper Co 7

Aug. 9. To Cedar Run, where we had the

battle 12

Aug. 10. To camp near battlefield 3

Aug. 13. To camp across the Rapidan river

in Orange Co 16

Aug. 14. To Terrell's Farm 16

Aug. 16. To camp near Clark's Mountain . . 21
Aug. 20. To Stevensburg. Culpeper Co. ... 12

Aug. 21. To camp on road side 7

Aug. 21. To Hazel River 11

Aug. 23. To near Fauquier Springs. Fau-
quier Co 13

Aug. 24. To Jeffersonton i

Aug. 25. To Salem 26

Aug. 26. To Gainsville. Prince William Co. 26

Aug. 27. To Manassas Junction 5

Aug. 28. To' Groveton, where we fought the

Second battle of Manassas 10

Sept. I. To Bull Run 3

Sept. 2. To Chantilly, Fairfax Co., where

we had the battle 12

Sept. 3. To camp on road side 2

Sept. 4. To camp on road side. Loudoun

Co 12

Sept. 5. To Leesburg 11

Sept. 6. To Three Springs, Montgomery

Co., Md., crossing the Potomac at White

328 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

MILES

Ford 15

Sept. 7. To Frederick City. Frederick Co.,

Md .' 13

Sept. 10. To Boonsboro. Washington Co.,

Md 14

Sept. II. To North Mountain Depot, Berke-
ley Co., Va., crossing the Potomac at Wil-

hanisport 22

Sept. 12. To Martinsburg 14

Sept. 13. To Harper's Ferry, Jefferson Co.,

where we captured garrison, arms, etc 18

Sept. 16. To Sharpsburg, Washington Co.,

Md., where we fought the battle, crossing the

Potomac at Boteler's Ford 12

Sept. 19. To camp in Jefferson Co., Va.,

crossing Potomac at Boteler's Ford 8

Sept. 20. To Martinsburg. Berkeley Co. . . 20

Sept. 21. To Bunker llill u

Oct. 18. To Martinsburg, from there to the

B. & O. R. R., tearing that up as we went . . 16
Oct. 21. To Opeijuan Creek, un road leading

to 1 iarper's h'erry 4

Oct. 2}^. 'i^o liunker llill 10

Oct. 28. To Summit Point 16

Nov. I. To Opequan Creek, near Berry-

ville. Clark Co 10

Nov. 5. To near W hite Post 10

Nov. 10. Throui^li Winchester to Romncy

Road. Frederick Ci> 13

Nov. 21. To Middletown u

Nov. 22. 'i'o Woodstock. Shenandoah Co. iS
Nov. 23. To Ml. jack.son 13

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 329

MILES

Nov. 24. To camp in Luray Valley, Page
Co., crossing Massanutta Mt. at New Mar-
ket 27,

Nov. 25. To camp in Madison Co., crossing

the Blue Ridge at Fisher's Gap 23

Nov. 26. To Madison C. H 14

Nov. 28. To Orange C. H. Orange Co. . . 14
Nov. 29. To Union Church. Spottsylvania

Co 12

Nov. 30. To Wilderness 14

Dec. I. To Dorgett's 15

Dec. 2. To near Guinea's Station, Caroline

Co 13

Dec. IT. To Hamilton's Crossing, where we

had the battle of Fredericksburg 7

Dec. 17. To Moss Neck, where we w^ent into

winter quarters 12

To picket on the Rappahannock
river, twice and back again 28

1863.

Jan. — F Company were ordered from this
camp to Richmond to recruit. Marched to
Guinea's, R. F. & P. R. R. ; there took cars

for Richmond 10

June 22. We marched from Camp Lee to Cen-
tral R. R. and took cars for Staunton ;

marched 4

June 24. To Switcher's. Augusta Co 14

June 25. To Harrisonburg. Rockingham Co. 1 1

June 26. To Williams 15

June 27. To Edenburg. Shenandoah Co. . . 17
June 28. To Strasburg 18

330 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

MILES

June 29. To Winchester. Frederick Co. . . 18
lulv I. To Bunker Hill. Berkeley Co. ... 12

July 2. To Fallino^ Waters 18

July 3. To Potomac River, opposite Wil-

liamsport 3

July 5. Crossed the Potomac and marched

east of Williamsport, Md i

July 6. Battle of Williamsport i

July 8. To Hagerstown 7

July 9. Marched and met our regiment, and
marched back through Hagerstown, with the

Second Corps 7

July 10. Formed line of battle near Hagers-
town I

July 13. The Second Corps left the line of
battle during the night and forded the Poto-
mac above Williamsport the morning of 14th

and camped in Berkeley Co., Va 14

July 15. To Darksville 10

July 16. Back to and beyond Martinsburg .. 15
July 17. To B. & O. R. R., where we went to

work destroying it 6

July 18. To camp near B. «!<: O. R. R 4

July 19. To camp on the Oi)e(|uan 3

Inly 20. To mill on Ronincy l\oa<l 7

July 21. To Bunker Mill .'. S

July 22. To Winchester. Frederick Co. ... 13
July 23. To Manassas Gap, where we had
some brisk skirmishing with the enemy.

Warren Co 26

July 24. To camj) on Ruray Road. Page Co. 16
July 25. To camp near Luray 15

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 331

MILES

July 27. To Sperryville, Madison Co., cross-
ing the Blue Ridge at Thornton's Gap 15

July 28. To camp on road side 13

July 29. To Robinson River 10

July 31. To camp beyond Madison C. H. . . 6

Aug. I. To Montpelier. Orange Co 15

Aug. 14. To Liberty Mills. Madison Co. . . 4

Aug. 16. To Montpelier. Orange Co 4

Sept. 4. To Review field east of Orange C.

H. and back agin to camp 12

Sept. 19. To Morton's Ford 16

Sept. 25. To Willis Ford 8

Oct. 8. To Mt. Pisgah Church 20

Oct. 9. To Madison Co. poorhouse 23

Oct. 10. To camp on road side. Culpeper

Co 17

Oct. II. To Culpeper C. H 10

Oct. 12. To Warrenton Springs. Fauquier

Co 20

Oct. 13. To Warrenton 7

Oct. 14. To near Bristow Station, Prince
William Co., where we formed line of battle

onO. &A. R. R 15

Oct. 16. To Bristow Station 4

Oct. 18. To near Bealton Station. Fauquier

Co 20

Oct. 19. To camp in Culpeper Co 8

Oct. 21. To camp near Brandy Station .... 4
Oct. 26. To near Bealton Station. Fauquier

Co 8

Oct. 28. Back to camp in Culpeper Co 8

Nov. 7. To Kelly's Ford and then to near

33-' OXE OF JACKSOX'S FOOT CAVALRY

MILES

Culpcper C. H i8

Nov. 8. To camp in Orange Co 15

Nov. 9. To Morton's Ford 4

Nov. 12. To Mt. Pisgah Church 8

Nov. 18. To Wilhs Ford 12

Nov. 26. To Bartley Mill 8

Nov. 27. To Payne's F^'ami, where we fought

the battle 7

Nov. 28. To Mine Run, and formed line of

battle to meet Meade 3

Dec. 2. To Morton's Ford 5

Dec. 3. To Raccoon Ford and back to Mor-
ton's Ford 5

Dec. 19. To Orange C. H 14

Dec. 22. To Mt. Pisgah Church 6

Dec. 24. To Crenshaw's farm near Mt. Pis-
gah Church, where we went into winter

quarters i

1864.

Jan. 5. To Morton's Ford S

Jan. 10. To camp, Crenshaw farm 8

Jan. ij. To Morton's Ford 8

Feb. 2. To camp, Crenshaw farm 8

Mch. 2. To Mine Run 8

Mch. 3. To Chancellorsville and back t(j X

Roads. Spottsylvania Co 16

Mch. 4. To Chancellorsville 4

Mch. 5. To camp, Crenshaw farm. Or-
ange Co JO

Mch. 17. T(j Morton's h'onl 10

Apr. 26. To camp, Crenshaw farm 10

May 2. Broke up Winter Quarters and

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 333

MILES

marched to Hartley's Mill 10

May 4. To Locust Grove 10

May 5. To Wilderness, where we fought
the battle. Spottsylvania Co 5

May 7. The Second Brigade moved to the
extreme left of our line and back to its posi-
tion on Stone Road 7

May 8. To Spottsylvania C. H. by way of
Todd's Tavern and the mill, and formed line
of battle . , 15

May 19. Marched in pursuit of the enemy
and attacked him, and returned to our old po-
sition in breastworks 10

May 21. The enemy having left the front of
the Second Corps, we marched to Telegraph
Road. Caroline Co 15

May 22. To Hanover Junction, Hanover Co.,
where we formed line of battle to meet Grant 12

May 24. Marched to left of our line of battle
and then to the right 6

May 27. The enemy having left the front of
Second Corps, wq marched to Atlee's Sta-
tion, Central R. R., crossing the South Anna
River on the bridge of that company 12

May 28. To Pole Green Church, where we
formed line of battle to meet Grant 16

May 30. We marched to meet the enemy and
attacked them near Bethesda Church 4

May 31. Moved to the right 2

June I. Moved to Dickerson house 2

June 6. Marched after the enemy and re-
turned : 3

334 OXE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

MILES

June 7. Marched after the enemy 3

June 9. Marched to right and rear of our

hne 2

June 13. The Second Corps left Lee's hne
and marched around Richmond to Three
Chop Road, camping near Ground Squirrel

Bridge. Louisa Co 26

June 14. To Gardner's X Roads 25

June 15. To iMechanicsville. Louisa Co. .. 22

June 16. To Keswick Depot. All^emarle Co. 21

June 17. The Second Brigade marched north

of Keswick Depot and took the cars for

Lynchburg. On reaching Lynchburg we

marched beyond the Fair Grounds and

formed hne of battle. Campbell Co 5

June 19. To Lil>erty. Bedford Co 24

June 20. To Bu ford's Gap 15

June 21. To Salem. Roanoke Co 20

June 23. To near Buchanan. Botetourt Co. 18
June 24. To camp on road side in Rock-
bridge Co., marching over the X'atural

Bridge 20

June 25. To near h'airfield, marching past
the grave of Stonewall Jackson, in the Ceme-
tery at Lexington 20

June 26. To camp on road side. Augusta

Co IC)

June 27. To near Staunton 6

June 2(S. To Mt. Crawford. Rockingham Co. 20

June 29. To Lacey's Springs 16

June 30. To Mt. Jackson. Shenandoah Co. 17

July I. 'i^o camp on road side 20

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 335

MILES

July 2. To Middletown Mills. Frederick Co. 20

July 3. To Martinsburg, Berkeley Co.,
where we captured many stores from the en-
emy 25

July 4. To X Roads 10

July 5. To Antietam, Washington Co.,
Md., crossing the Potomac at Boteler's Ford 12

July 6. Towards Harper's Ferry 4

July 7. Drove the enemy into his fortifica-
tions and at night marched to Norristown . . 8

July 8. To Middletown, Md., Frederick
Co., crossing the mountain at Fox Gap .... 10

July 9. To Monacacy River, where we had
the battle 15

July 10. To camp beyond Clarksburg, Mont-
gomery Co., Md 20

July II. To Washington, D. C, city, where
we have some fighting 15

July 12. We left Washington during the
night, marched to Darnestown, where we
stopped about noon, and rested a few hours ;
marched all night of the 13th, and crossed
the Potomac at White's Ford and camped
near Leesburg, Loudoun Co., Va., on the 14th 40

July 15. 2 1 St Va. Regt. marched into Lees-
burg and took charge of loose horses i

July 16. We left Leesburg with the horses,
marched and rode horseback to Millwood,
Clarke Co., crossing the Blue Ridge at Paris 35

July 17. Marched and rode horseback to
Middletown, Frederick Co 20

July 19. Marched to Winchester and joined

336 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

MILES

our brigade 12

July 20. To Middletown and then on picket 18
July 21. To liupp's Hill, Shenandoah Co.,

where we formed line of battle 8

July 24. To Kernstown, Frederick Co.,

where we had the battle, pursuing the enemy

beyond Winchester. Frederick Co 20

July 25. To Bunker Hill. Berkeley Co. ... 10

July 26. To IMartinsburg 12

July 31. To Darksville 8

Aug. 4. To Shepherdstown. Jefferson Co. 12
Aug. 5. To Sharpsburg, Md., crossing the

Potomac at Boteler's Ford 8

Aug. 6. To Falling Waters, Berkeley Co.,

Va., crossing the Potomac at Williamsport. 20

Aug. 7. To Darksville 15

Aug. 9. To Bunker Hill 6

Aug. 10. To Woolen Mills. Frederick Co. 1 1
Aug. II. To Newtown, where we skirmished

with the enemy 12

Aug. 12. To Strasburg, where we formed

line of battle and then marched to Fisher's

Hill. Shenandoah Co 15

Aug. 17. To Winchester, encountering the

enemy and driving them Ix^yond the town . . 20

Aug. 19. To P>unker Hill 15

Aug. 21. ^W) Charlestown. where we found

the enemy strongly fortilied 12

Aug. 22. The enemy left our front during the

night and we followed 6

Aug. 2;^. My brigade sent on picket 2

Aug. 24. My brigade made a reconnoissance 5

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 337

MILES

Aug. 25. To near Shepherdstown, driving

the enemy's cavalry ' 15

Aug. 26. To Leetown 8

Aug. 27. To Bunker Hill 13

Aug. 29. To near Smithfield, driving the en-
emy about five miles, then returned to Bun-
ker Hill 18

Sept. 2. To Charlestown Pike and back to

Valley Pike 15

Sept. 3. To Winchester 8

Sept. 7. The enemy drove in our pickets ; we
went to their support and drove the enemy

beyond the Opequan 8

Sept. 9. To near Brucetown 8

Sept. 13. The enemy drove in our pickets ; we
went to their support and drove the enemy

beyond the Opequan 5

Sept. 14. To camp on side road. Frederick

Co 5

Sept. 17. To Bunker Hill 5

Sept. 18. To Martinsburg and back to Bun-
ker Hill 24

Sept. 19. To Winchester, where we had the

battle 15

Sept. 20. To Fisher's Hill 22

Sept. 23. To Mt. Jackson 25

Sept. 24 To Tenth Legion, where we took

the road to Port Republic 17

Sept. 25. To Brown's Gap 20

Sept. 2y. To beyond the Shenandoah River,

then back and to Port Republic 16

Sept. 28. To Rockfish Gap, passing through

338 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

MILES

New Hope and Waynesboro, driving the en-
emy's cavalry from the latter place 20

Oct. I. To Mt. Sidney 15

Oct. 6. To camp on road side. Rocking-
ham Co 15

Oct. 7. To New Market 20

Oct. 12. To camp near Woodstock 12

Oct. 13. To Cedar Creek and back to Fish-
ers Hill 17

Oct. 17. To Hupp's Hill and back to Fisher's

Hill 8

Oct. 19. To Cedar Creek, where we had the

battle, and back to Fisher's Hill 15

Oct. 20. To near New Market 25

Nov. 10. To Woodstock 15

Nov. II. To Newtown 21

Nov. 12. To Fisher's Hill 11

Nov. 13. To Woodstock 12

Nov. 14. To New Market 15

Nov. 22. To Rude's Hill to meet the enemy

and back

Dec. 6, Gordon's division marched to
Waynesboro, reach ine^ there on the 7th,
where they took the cars for Petersburg,
where they were in all the marches and en-
gagements of the Second Corps at Petersburg
and on the retreat to Appomattox C. H.

Marching in the Following Counties:

VIRGINIA

Albemarle, Appomaltc^x, P>ath,

Amelia, Augusta, Bedford,

-D

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 339

Berkeley,

Botetourt,

Campbell,

Caroline,

Charles City,

Chesterfield,

Clarke,

Culpeper,

Cumberland,

Dinwiddie,

Fairfax,

Fauquier,

Frederick,

Green,

Frederick,

Goochland,

Hampshire,

Hanover,

Henrico,

Highland,

Jefferson,

Loudoun,

Louisa,

Madison,

Morgan,

Nelson,

Orange,

Page,

Pendleton,

MARYLAND

Montgomery,

and

District of Columbi

Pocahontas,

Prince Edward,

Prince George,

Prince William,

Rappahannock,

Randolph,

Roanoke,

Rockbridge,

Rockingham,

Shenandoah,

Spottsylvania,

Stafford,

Warren.

Washington,

XXXVIII

CONCLUSION

It is stated that the American Civil War was one of
the bloodiest of which we liavc any authentic record;
the carnage on both sides was fearful. On the Federal
side: 4,142 officers were killed in battle; 2,221, died of
woimds ; 248 met death by accident. Of the men 62,916
were killed in battle, 40,789 died of wounds, 8,810 met
death by accident (most of them by drowning). The
deaths from disease were 2,712 officers and 197,008 men.
On the Confederate side: 2,oS6 officers were killed and
1,246 died of wounds; 50,868 men were killed and 20,324
died of wounds. The war lasted about four years.
The Federal army had enrolled 2,778,304 men, and the
Confederates 600,000.

Secretary Stanton made a report to Congress in which
it appears that of all the prisoners in the hands of the
Confederates during the four years, there died in all
Confederate prisons 22,246; while of the Confederate
prisoners held by the United States there died 26,576.
The whole number of prisoners captured and held by the
United States numbered 220,000, while the numl)er held
by the Confederate States numbered 270,000. We are
accused of ill-treatment of prisoners, starving, etc. ; these
figures tell the truth as to that. We had more Federal
pri.soncrs and the deaths were less by their own state-
ment, and that statcnuMit prepared by one of their bit-
terest partisans!

340

ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY 341

Here also is the truth about the exchange of prisoners,
taken from a letter written by Gen. Grant:

" City Point, Aug. 18, 1864.
" To Gen'l Butler:—

" On the subject of exchange, however, I differ from
Gen. Hitchcock. It is hard on our men held in Southern
prisons not to exchange them, but it is humanity to those
left in the ranks to fight our battles. Every man released
on parole, or otherwise, becomes an active soldier against
us at once, either directly or indirectly. If we commence
a system of exchange which liberates all prisoners taken,
we will have to fight on until the whole South is extermin-
ated. If we hold those caught, they amount to no more
than dead men. At this particular time, to release all Rebel
prisoners North would insure Sherman's defeat, and would
compromise our safety here."

I agree with Gen. William T. Sherman, who said,
" War is Hell ! " and the private soldier of Lee's army,
who did not see it, walked very close tO' the burning pit,
and caught glimpses of the fiery furnace.

In closing, I would like to add my little meed of praise.
Where in all pages of history can you find greater deeds
of heroism than those exhibited in the Southern army?

Here is what Lt.-Gen. Early says in his " Memoirs of
the Last Year of the War for Independence in the Con-
federate States of America" :

" I believe the world has never produced a body of men
superior, in courage, patrotism, and endurance, to the pri-
vate soldiers of the Confederate armies. I have repeatedly
seen those soldiers submit with cheerfulness, to privations
and hardships which would appear to be almost incredible ;
and the wild cheers of our brave men (which were so dif-

34-3 ONE OF JACKSON'S FOOT CAVALRY

ferent from the studied hurrahs of the Yankees) when their
lines sent back the opposing host of Federal troops, stag-
gering, reeling, and flying, have often thrilled every fibre in
my heart. I have seen, with my own eyes, ragged, bare-
footed, and hungry Confederate soldiers perform deeds,
which, if performed in days of yore, by mailed warriors
in glittering armor, would have inspired the harp of the
minstrel and the pen of the poet."

" A King once said of a Prince struck down,
* Taller he seems in death ! '
And this speech holds truth, for now, as then,
'Tis after death that we measure men ;
And as mists of the past are rolled away,
( )ur heroes who died in their tattered gray
Grow ' taller ' and greater in all their parts ;
Till they fill our minds, as they fill our hearts ;
And for those who lament them there's this relief.
That glory sits by the side of grief.
Yes, they grow ' taller ' as the years go by,
And the world learns how they could do and die."

1865

Opposite page 342.

INDEX

Alabamian, A lone, 215.
Amelia, C H., 282.
Anderson, Archer, 19, 30, 303.
Anderson, Henry V,, 19, 30,

115, 303-
Anderson, Joseph H'., 162, 225,

303-
Anderson, Junius H., 19, 30,

303-

Anderson, General, 100-250,251.

Anderson, Major; Officer of the
day at Spottsylvania C. H.,
May 1 1- 12, 1864, 219.

Archer, William S., 19, 23, 30,
162, 303.

Arms, Take ! 236.

April 3, 1865, 286.

Artillery Men, charge the enemy
on their lead horses, 87.

Artillery, one piece of the ene-
mies hurry Early's wagon
train, 263.

Ashby, General Turner, 59, 66,
71, 72, 91, 95.

Ashby's, General ; Horse at the
bridge at Mt. Jackson, 91.

Aquia Creek, 16, 25.

Averill, General, 244.

Ayers, Edward W., 19, 20, 303.

"B." Company, Flag presenta-
tion, 36, 83.

Baltimore & Ohio Rail Road,
Tearing it up, 149, 248.

Banks, General, 88.

Barker, William C, 19, 23, 30,
303.

Baskerville, Commissary H. E.

C, 36.
Barber, N., 162, 303.
Bates, Edward, 163, 303.
Bates, W., 162, 282, 303.
Bath Alum Springs, Camp at,

Si-
Bath, Battle of, 57.
Baughman, Charles C, 19, 30,

303.
Baughman, George C, 19, S3,

303.
Baughman, Greer H., 19, 30, 304.
Beers, Henry H., 19, 23, 30,304.
Bethesda Church, Battle of, 224.
Berkeley, Lieut. Colonel, 163.
Bible, The, 27, 28.
Binford, James M., 19, 23, 30,

304.
Binford, Robert E., 19, 23, 30,

304-
Bloody Angle, 183.
Blunt, Ira W., 19, 30, 304.
Booker, Lieutenant John A.,

147-
Boonsboro, 139.
Bowe, H. C, i62f, 304.
Boyd, James N., 304.
Breckenbridge, General, 234,

241.
Bridge of wagons, 81, 92.
Bridges, Jr., David B., 19, 30,

304.
Bridges, Richard M., 19, 23, 30,

304.
Broad Run, 183.
Brock, R. Alonzo, 19, 30, 304.

345

346

INDEX

Brown, A. D., 162, 282, 304.
Brown, A. H., 162, 304.
Brown, George W., 162, 206,

304-
Brown, Henry, 162, 304.
Brown, James R., 162, 304.
Buford, General, 173.
Bullington, Henry N., 19, 23,

30. 304-
Burnside, General, 151.
Buttons, Brass buttons cut off

Confederate uniforms, 293.

Cabell, J. Caskie, 19, 305.

Callis, G.. 162, 303.

Canby, General, 289.

Cannon, Hurrah ! they are ours,
202.

Cars and Locomotives, Cap-
tured and saved at Mar-
tinsburg, 65.

Campbell, Colonel, 86.

Cary, Captain R. Milton, 19, 23,
26, 27. 301.

Cedar Creek. Battle of, 275-

Cedar Run. Battle of. 108.

Chambcrlaync, J. Hampden, 19,

23, 33, 305-
Chancellorsvillc, Battle of, 173.
Chantilly. Battle of, 136.
Chapman, Isaac W., 19, 23, 30,

305.
Charleston, Skirmish at, 250.
Cheering, No, 165.
Child, Jesse, 19. 23. 26, 30, 305-
Clarke, Maxwell T., 19, 23, 30,

305-
Clopton. Dr. John, 19, 33, 305.
Close Up. 157.

Cocke, Lorenzo G.. 19, 30, 306.
Cold Harbor, Battle of, 225.
Cole. Addison C, 19. 23. 30, 306.
Cocks, Game, carried in the

army, 75.

Coleman, N., 162, 306.
Coleman, Surgeon R. L., 36.
Color Bearer, One arm, 179.
Colors of the 2ist Va. Regt.

284.
Communications, Attack on

Grant in the Wilderness,

205.
Conclusion, 341.

Congress, Confederate States, 70.
Confederate Soldier, His poverty,

276.
Conrad's Mill, Skirmish at, 44.
Coolest thing of the war, 217.
Cooks, Negro, 199.
Cooks, Negro, in battle, 197.
Couch, L. M., 162, 206, 277, 306.
Cowardin, John L., 19, 306.
Craig, John A., 19, 30, 306.
Crenshaw, Lieutenant James R.,

26, 301.
Crook, General, 244, 265.
Cross Keys, Battle of, 91.
Cumbia, W. S., 162, 306.
Cumbia, W. E., 163, 212, 306.
Cunningham, Surgeon Frank B.,

21. 317.
Cunningham, Lieut. Richard H.,

19, 26.
Cunningham, Captain and Colo-
nel, 30, 75, 78, 94, 100, 112,
113. 301.

Dabncy, Major says about the
Second Brigade in the bat-
tle of Cedar Run, 116.

Dabncy, Virginius, Sergeant
Major, 36.

Danforth, Henry D., 19, 23, 30,
306.

Daniel. General, 226.

Davis Brigade, 213.

Davis, President Jefferson, 36,
99, 100.

INDEX

347

Dill Jr., Adolph, 19, 30, 306.
Dillard, R. H., 162, 306.
Divers, W. H., 162, 249, 306.
Doggett, Francis W., 19, 30, 306.
Doles Brigade, 211, 226.
Dowdy, Nathaniel A., 162, 206,

265, 282, 306.
Dungan, Colonel, 246.
Dunker or Tunker Church, 143,

146, 147, 248.

Early, General, 146, 225, 234,
:242, 251, 258, 279.

Early, Breckenbridge and Gor-
don, Generals, 260.

Earlys, Tribute to the Confed-
erate Soldier, 342.

Edmunds, W. B., 220, 307.

Elk Mountain, 47.

Ellett, Thomas, 19, 23, 26, 30,
158, 302.

Ellett, Robert, 19, 23, 31, 307.

Ellerson, Jock H., 19, 23, 33,

307.
English, J. C, 265, 307.
Etting, Samuel M., 19, 23, 33,

307.
Equipment of the army in the

beginning of the war, 106.
Evans Brigade, 223.
Evans, Randall, The colored

cook of Winchester, 63.
Evacuation of Richmond, 285.
Ewell, General Richard S., 81,

82, 90, no, 119, 126, 174,

176, 200, 225.
Exall, Charles H"., 19, 23, 31, 307.
Exall, William, 19, 23, 31, 57,

307.
Execution of three Confederate
soldiers, 191.

F. Company, 13, 25, 27, 37, 38,
39, 57, 114, 145.
Battles, 318.

Canteens, 14.
Casualties, 317.
Knapsacks, 14.
Marches, 321.

F. Company, Muster Roll, 28.

Mustered into service, 28.

Ordered to Richmond to re-
cruit, 161.

Promotions, 317.

Spends the day in Richmond,
July 12, 186:2, 105.

Surrendered at Appomattox
C. H., Who, 319-

The best fight of the war, 173.

Transferred to other com-
mands, 317.

Uniform, 13.

Zouave Drill, 25.
Field, William G., 19, 307.
Fifth Va. Regt. Inft., 68.
Fiftieth Va. Regt. Inft., I55-
Fight, I did not want to, in.
Fisher's Gap, 150.
Fisher's Hill, Battle of, 264.
Fist Fight, Yankee and Confed-
erate at the! Wilderness, 203.
Floyd, Geo. J., 162, 307.
Ford the river at Front Royal.

They did not see us, 207.
Fontaine, R. Morris, 19, 31, 307.
Fort Steadman, Battle of, 282.
Forty-eighth, Regt. Va. Inft., 55.
Forty-second, Va. Regt. Inft., 55.
Forward, 200.

Forward, Double Quick ! 170.
Forty-fourth, Va. Regt. of Inft.,

155-
Fourth of July, Picnic, 233.
Fox, Henry C, 162, 241, 28^, 307.
Families leaving their homes, 54,

55.
Franklin Pendleton Co., Va., 80.
Frederick City, 138.

348

INDEX

Fredericksburg, i6, Battle of,

149-
Freeniont, General, 89, 90, 93.
Front Royal, Battle of, 82.

Game Point, Camp, 22.
Garnett, Colonel, 40.
Gentry, John W., 19, 31, 307.
Gentry, M. G., 162, 307.
Georgian, The littler, 171.
Gettysburg. Battle of, 173.
Gibson, William T., 19, 31, 308.
Gilham, Colonel William, 36, 45,

55, 60.
Gilliam, Robert H., 19, 31, 115,

308.
Gordon, General John B., 214,

215, 223, 228, 236, 241, 256.
Gordon fought his corps to a

frazzel, 283.
Gordon, Ramsuer and Rodes,

Division leave General Early

for Petersburg, 278.
Gouldman, E., 162, 308.
Grant, General, 199, 200, 205, 224.
Gray, W. Granville, 19, 23, 31,

52, 56, 75, 306.
Gray, Somcrvillc, 19, 31, 306.
Green, John W., 19, 31, 308.
Green, Thomas R.. 19, 308.
Gregg, General, killed, 154.
Griffin, J., 162, 308.
Grigsby, Colonel, 86, 144. 147.
Guerrillas of the 21st., 145.
Guns! Halt, load your, 200.
Gunboats at Aquia Creek, 24.

Ilalltnwn, Skirmishing at, 250.
Hampton, (icncral, 229.
Hancock, General, 211.
Hanover Junction, Battle of, 222.
Hamilton's Crossing, Battle of,

152.
Harj)cr's I'\'rry Captured, 140.

Harrison, Thomas R., 19, 23,

308.
Harvie, William O., 19. 308.
Hawkins, L. A., 162, 308.
Hatchers Run, Battle of, 280.
Haynes, Geo. A., 20, 23, 31, 309.
Hays, General, 226.
"Hell broke loose now," 259.
"Hell Spot," 113.
Here they come, 129, 131.
Henry, Dr. Patrick, 20, 31, 309.
Hill, General A. P., 98, 102, 108,

127, 131, 143, 147, 148, 182.
Hill, General D. ?I., 99.
Hobson, Deane, 20, 23, 33, 309.
Hostilities, The commencement,

13-
Houston, George W., 162, 265,

309-
Howitzers, Richmond, 15, 211.
Hudgens, Malcolm L., 20, 31,

145, 162, 277, 309.
Hull. Irving, 20, 309.
Hunter, General. 229.
"Hurry up. Boys," 238.

"It is Longstreet." 130.
Irish Battalion, 55, 155.

Jackson's Division takes a bath,

104.
Jackson's Division captured at

Spottsylvania C. H., 213.
Jackson, Stonewall, 53, 54. 57,

50. 6^, 66. 68. 74. 76, 82, 86,

95. 112, 123, 147, 152.
Jackson Lieut. General, 164.
Jenkins. William S.. 20, 300.
Johnson, Captain of the 50th, a

gallant deed, 188.
Johnson, Colonel Bradley T.,

122, 128. 139, 186.
Johnson, General Edward, y;,

174, 226.

INDEX

349

Johnston, J. W., 162, 309.
Johnston, General R. D., 226.
Jones, David B., 20, 23, 31, 309.
Jones, General J. M., 174, 206.
Jones, General J. R., 155.
Jones, Jr., Phillip B., 20, 31, 309.
Jordan, Reuben J., 20, 31, 145,

162, 225, 280, 281, 301.
Julip, Second Corps treated to

brandy, 230.

Kayton, P. W., 162, 309.
Kelley, Major A. D., 163, 309.
Kellogg, Timothy H., 20, 31, z^,

309.
Kernstown, Battle of, 66.
Kenistown, Second Battle of,

245.
Kershaw, General, 275.
Kidd, J. A., 162, 282, 309.
King, Shirley, 19, 23, 26, 30, 303.

Lee, General R. E., 42, 45, 99,
100, 147, 164, 176, 180, 214,

299.

Lee, Gen, R. E., His wife and
daughters knitting socks for
the men of his army, 298.

Lee, Gen. R. E., Shaking hands
with an old private, 300.

Lee, General R. E., "To the
Rear," 214.

Lee Camp, 28.

Lee, General Fitz, 257.

Leetown, Skirmishing with the
enemy's cavalry at, 251.

Legg, A. C, 163, 206, 309.

Lewis, Assistant Surgeon, Rich-
mond, 36.

Lindsay, Roswell S., 20, 23, 31,

113, 310-
Longstreet, General, 98, 102, 131.

Lorentz , 20, 310.

Loring, General, 41, 43, 44.

Lynchburg, Battle of, 227.
Lyon, Assistant Surgeon, Peter,
21, 317.

McCausland, General, 230.
McClellan, General, 97, 10^, 144.
McDowell, Battle of, 77.
McDowell, General, 89, 97.
McEvoy, Charles A., 20, 2)2>, 310.
McLaws, General, 146.
Macmurdo, Richard C, 20, 31,

310.
Maddox, R. G., 20, 310.
Magruder, General, 102.
Mail for the soldiers, 158.
Malvern Hill, Battle of, 103.
Man sleeping on Post, 42.
Manassas, Battle of, 40.
Manassas, Second Battle of, 118.
Manassas Second, The first shot,

122.
Manassas Junction, Capture of,
and the great time Jackson's
Corps had their, 119, 120,
121.
Mason, J. M., 162, 277, 310.
Martinsburg, Captured, 231.
Maryland, Campaign, 136.
Mayo, Edward, 19, 23, 26, 30,

46, 52, 302.
Mayo, Joseph E.. 20, 31, 51, 310.
Meade Everard B., 20, 31, 310.
Mebane, J. A., 20, 23, 31, 310.
Medicine for the soldiers, 160.
Mercer, Camp, 18.
Meredith, John F., 20, 2,3, 310.
Merriman, J. T., 162, 310.
Middle Mountain, 45.
Milboro, Camp, 52.
Miller, Henry T., 19, 26, 30, 52,

56, 302.
Middletown, Battle of, 83.
Mitchell, Samuel D., 20, 2t„ 31,
310.

350

INDEX

Mittledorfer, Charles, 20, 31, 310.

Montpelier, Camp, 176.

Mine Run, Battle of, 186.

Monocacy, Battle of, 235.

Morgan, Captain William H., 36,
75, III, 301.

Morris Farm, Camp, 105, 107.

Morris, Walter H. P., 20, 31,
310.

Moseley, Major John B., 75. 163.

Most-lev. Lieutenant Colonel
William P., 163.

Moss Neck, Camp, Winter Quar-
ters, 1863-64, 155.

Mountcastle, John R., 20, 23, 31,
310.

Munt, Henry F., 162, 310.

Nance, J. L., 162, 311.
Needle Case, The, 27.
"No whar was safe," 173.
Norwood, Jr., William, 20, 31,

311-
Nunnally, Joseph N., 20, 23, 31,
70, 115, 311.

"Old Jack" flanked his own men,
74.

Pace, George R., 20, 23. 26, 30,

311.
Pace, Theodore A., 20, 32, 311.
Page, Captain, 145, 147.
Page, Mann, 20, 31, 246, 311.
Pardigon, C. F., 20, 311.
» Patton, Colonel John M., 36, 67,

75, 86. 163.
Pawnee, The gunboat, 15, 16. 24.
Paynes Farm, Battle of, 186.
Payne, James B., 20, 31, 56, 58,

311.
Pcgram, William A., 20, 31, 162,

170, 172, 301.
Pcgram. William R. J., 20, 21,

311-

Peaster, Henry, 20, 32, 311.

Pegram, General John, 226.

Pclham, Major, 153.

Pendleton, Colonel A. S.. Ad-
jutant General, Second
Corps, 264.

Peterkin, George W., 20, 23, 32,
75, 312.

Picket Duty, 22, 45, 46, 48, 154.

Picot, Henry V., 20, 31, 70, 312.

Piet, William A., 20, 23, 14, 312.

Pilcher, Samuel F., 21, 312.

Pizzini. John A., 19, 23, 26, 30,
302.

Pole Green Church, 98.

Pollard, William G., 20, 32, 115,
312.

Pope, General, 108, 117.

Port Republic, Battle of, 92.

Potomac River, Crossing first
time. 137.

Powell, John G., 20, 31, 115, 312.

Powell, John W., 20. 23, 312.

Price, Channing R., 20, 312.

Prayer in Camp, 22.

President and Vice-President of
Confederates States Elec-
tion, 48.

Prisoners, The Exchange of, t,^^

Punishment of soldiers, 21.

Purcell Battery, 21, 24.

Ramsuer, General, 225, 25S.
Randolph, J. Tucker, 20. 26, 30,

6g. 224, 312.
Randolph, M. Lewis, 20, 26, 33,

312.
Rawlings Edward G., 19. 23, 26,

30, 75. 132, 302.
Rations for the soldiers, 195.
Redd, Clarance M., 20, 23. 32,

115. 3^3
Reeve. David I. B.. 20. 23. 32,

313-

INDEX

351

Reeve, John J., 20, 23, 32, 313.
Religious Revival, The great,

181.
Reconnoitering by Gen. J. E. B.

Stuart at Cedar Run, 116.
Reorganization of the army, 74.
Rennie, G. Hutchinson, 20, 32,

2^2, 313.
Retreat, The, from Petersburg,

282.
Retreating and Advancing at the

same time, 76.
Returning home, 292.
Review of the Second Corps,

179.
Richeson, P. S., 162, 220, 313.
Richeson, William R., 162, 281,

313-
Richmond Light Infantry Blues,

16.
Richmond, Getting out of, 152.
Rison, John W., 20, 313.
Rockbridge Battery, 6y, 86.
Robertson, William S., 20, 32,

313.
Robinson, Christopher A., 20, 3^,

313-
Robinson, Richard R, 20, t,2, 313.
Robinson, Edward T., 26, 302.
Rodes, General, 217, 242, 258.
Rosser, General, 275.
Route Step, On a March, 158.
Rudes Hill, 66, 72.
Rutledge, William, 162, 313.

Sailor's Creek, Battle of, 283.
Savage Station, Battle of, 102.
Searles, S., 162, 313.
Seay, M., 163, 313.
Seay, W. C, 163, 220, 314.
Second Army Corps, 280.
Second Army Corps, The Re-
turns, Aug., 1864, 259.

Second Brigade, Jackson's Divi-
sion, 55, 99, no, 113, 122,
144, 200, 237.

Second Regt. Va. Inft, 89.

Seven Days, Campaign, 97.

Sharpsburg, Battle of, 130, 144.

Shebang, How to make, 150.

Sheets, Captain, 83.

Shipps, Major Scott, 36, 55.

Shields, General, 89, 90, 91, 92,

93.

Shoes, Soldiers without, 151.
Simpson, F. J., 163, 314.
Singleton, A. Jackson, 20, 32,

314.
Signal for troops to meet in

Richmond at commencement

of war, 14.
Sizer, Milton D., 20, 32, 314.
Skinker, Charles R., 20, 32, 70,

314.
Sheridan's Raid, 220.
Sheridan's Fight at Trevillian's

Depot, 228,
Sheridan, General, 256, 265.
Smith, Edward H., 20, 23, 32,

314-
Smith, Henry, 163, 206, 314.
Smith, J. T., 163, 314.
Smith, Thomas, 163, 314.
Snow and hail, 59, 60, 6r, 62.
Soap, Making in camp, 176.
Soles, Peter D., 163, 314.
Spottsylvania C. H., Battle of,

206.
Starke, General, 130, 134, 144.
Stark's Louisiana Brigade, 117,

130, 134, 144.
Stafford, General, 108, 206, 226.
Stonewall Brigade, 86, 89, 90,

99, 114, 144, 211.
Stewart, General George H., 210,

220.
Strasburg, 71, 89.

352

INDEX

Streams crossed on the ice, 6i.
Strongest point I saw during the

war, 100.
Stuart, General J. K. B., 98, 116,

146.
Suhlett. Peter A.. 20. 32, 314.
Surrender, The, of Lee's Army,

290.

Tahh, Robert M., 20, z^^ 277,314.
Talley, Daniel D., 20, 23, 32, 315.
Taliaferro, General. 126.
Tatum, A. Randolph, 20, 23, 32,

315.
Tatum, Vivian IT., 10, 32. 315.
Taylnr, General Richard, 81, 86.
Taylor, Charles E., 20, 2>^, 70,

315-
Taylor Clarence E., 20, 2)^, 115,

315-
Taylor, Edward B., 20, 32, 70,

315.
Taylor, Robert T., 20, 23, 32,

315-
Terry, General William, 223,

258.
Terry's Brigade, 223. 258.
Tiney. W. C, 162, 172, 315.
Thrilling Scene, 252.
Third Brigade, Jackson Divison,

99, 114, 144, 201.
Tompkins, Edward G., 20, 23, 32,

115. 315.
Trainum, Charles, 163, 315.
Trees, shot to pieces by musket

balls, 216.
Trimble. General, 92, 94. 155.
Twenty-fifth Va. Reg. of In ft.,

176, 205.
Twenty-first Va. Reg. of Tnft.,

36. y7, 3?^. 55. «\ 78. «8.

114, 181, 200, 201, 202, 209,

260.
Tyler, James E., 20, z^, 315

Tyler. John, 19, 23, 26. 30, 302.
Tyler, R. Emmett, 20. 23, 32.315,
Tyree, William C, 163, 277, 316,

Umbrella man, The, 75.
U. S. branded on nearly all our
horses and mules, 106.

Valley Campaign, 82.

Valley of Virginia. 53.

Valley of Virginia, made a

wilderness by Sheridan, 278,

279.
Valley Mountain. 44.
VanBurcn, Benjamin B., 20. }^2,

3i^>.
Virginia Military Institute

burned, 231.
Virginia Penitentiary, fire, July

I, 1861, 35.

Wagon trains, captured of en-
emy, 84.

Waldrop, Richard W., 20, 2^2,
316.

Walker, General, 218, 220. 226.

Walker, T., 162, 172, 316.

Wallace, General, 241.

Wallace. R. II.. 163. 316.

Wash, Major Meret C, 7th In-
diana Inft., 201.

Washington, D. C, Battle of.
242.

War is Hell, 342.

Watkins, Aurelius S., 20, 2^2,
316.

Watkins, II. Harrison, 20, 23,
Z2, 115, 316.

Welford, Lieutenant Phillip A.,
19, :?3. 26. 30, 52, 302.

White Oak Swamp, Battle of,
103.

White. Rol)ort C, 20, 23, 32,316.

Whiting, General, 97.

INDEX

353

Wilkins, J. M., 163, 316.
Williamsport, Battle of, 166.
Willis, Joseph N., 20, 32, 316.
Wilton, Our first march of the

war, 15.
Widows and orphans of soldiers,

184.
Winder, General, 115.
Winchester, 64, 86, 174, 249.
Winchester, Battle of, 256.
Winchester, Battle of, what

brought it on, 265.
Wise, Governor H. A., 26,
Winter Campaign, 57,
Winter quarters, 1863-4, 184.
Witcher, Colonel W. A., 163,

220.
Woman's apparel in captured

Yankee wagons, 84.
Women of the South, 296.
Woods on fire, our march

through, 208,
Wood, S. E., 163, 316.
Worsham, John H., 2'i, 32, 145,

162, 254, 316.

Worsham, Thomas R., 21, 32,
316.

Wren, J. Porter, 21, 23, 32, 115,
162, 240, 317.

Wright, General, 211.

Wright, Miss Rebecca, The Yan-
kee Spy, 265.

Wright, Phillip B., 21, 317.

Wyndham, Sir Percy, The
"English" Yankee, 95.

Yankee, First to arrive in Rich-
mond, 287.

The first flag hoisted in Rich-
mond, 287.

One of them knocked down
with flagstaff, 113.

Nearest point they got to
Richmond, 221.

Prisoners, 88, 94, 96.
An amusing scene, 89.
York, General, 223, 258.

Zimmer, Lewis, 21, 23, 317,

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Full text of "One of Jackson's foot cavalry; his experience and what he saw during the war 1861-1865, including a history of "F company," Richmond, Va., 21st regiment Virginia infantry, Second brigade, Jackson's division, Second corps, A. N. Va."

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