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L161 H41
ORCHIDS OF PERU
Photograph by Louis O. Williams
CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
A Continuation of the
BOTANICAL SERIES
of
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME 30
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
1958-1961
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 58-105^6
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
ORCHIDS OF PERU
CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 30, NUMBER 4
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
MARCH 31, 1961
ORCHIDS OF PERU
ORCHIDS OF PERU
CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH
Research Fellow, Ames Orchid Herbarium
Botanical Museum of Harvard University
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 30, NUMBER 4
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
MARCH 31, 1961
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 58-105^6
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
FB
v/. 3
CONTENTS
Genera Included in Volume 30, Number 4
PAGE
Trichopilia 787 Hofmeisterella 923
Cochlioda 793 Ornithocephalus 924
Neodryas 797 Notylia 9
_ , , 7 qq Cryptarrhena 941
Odontoglossum 7W _ . .
Q00 Macradema 44
Symphyglossum odd R
Tehpogon 4 o
Brassia * Trichoceros 958
Miltonia 847 Stellilabium 961
Solenidium 850 Di c h a ea 962
Oncidium 851 Pachyphyllum 973
Sigmatostalix 916 Centropetalum 981
Lockhartia. . 921 Campylocentrum 984
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
TEXT FIGURES PAGE
Trichopilia gracilis 790
Trichopilia juninensis 792
Odontoglossum brevilabium 809
Odontoglossum digitatum 813
Odontoglossum graminifolium 817
Odontoglossum pusillum 827
Odontoglossum tigroides 831
Brassia caudata 838
Brassia cauliformis 839
Brassia juninensis 843
Miltonia parva 849
Oncidium ampliatum 859
Oncidium luridum 887
Oncidium ovatilabium 895
Oncidium pusillum 900
Sigmatostalix bicallosa 918
Sigmatostalix crescentilabia 919
Ornithocephalus patentilobus 928
Notylia carnosiflora, N. mirabilis 933
Notylia conduplicans 935
Notylia parvilabia 937
Notylia rhombilabia 939
Cryptarrhena lunata 943
Macradenia tridentata 945
Telipogon rhombipetalus 953
Telipogon urceolatus 956
Telipogon Vargasii 957
Dichaea ancoraelabia 964
Dichaea campanulata 967
Dichaea panamensis 971
Dichaea tenuis 972
Pachyphyllum gracillimum 977
Campylocentrum micranthum 987
Campylocentrum minutum 989
Orchids of Peru
TRICHOPILIA Lindl.
A rather small genus of American epiphytes extending from
Mexico through Central America and the West Indies to Brazil
and Bolivia.
Rhizome abbreviated. Pseudobulbs commonly conspicuous and caespitose,
more or less ancipitous, 1-leaved. Leaves fleshy or coriaceous, linear and subterete
or more commonly rather broad and flat. Scapes lateral, basal, usually short,
few-sheathed below, loosely 1- to (rarely) 7-flowered above. Flowers showy and
often large, with spreading, often twisted, sepals and petals. Sepals subequal,
narrow, usually free, the lateral ones rarely somewhat connate. Petals very sim-
ilar to the dorsal sepal. Lip varying from sessile to deeply adnate to the column,
simple to more or less distinctly 3- or 4-lobed, concave and commonly surrounding
the column below; disc smooth, carinate or rarely callose. Column more or less
elongate, commonly dilated above, terminated by an ample, membranaceous, en-
tire to 3-lobed and fimbriate clinandrium. Anther opercular, incumbent, 1-celled.
Pollinia 2.
Al. Leaves fleshy, linear-ligulate, commonly subterete; pseudobulbs inconspicu-
ous to small, up to 2.5 cm. long; flowers relatively small, sepals 2.6 cm. or
less long T. subulata (T. hymenantha)
A2. Leaves chartaceous to coriaceous, always flat; pseudobulbs conspicuous,
4.5 cm. or more long I
la. Flowers small, sepals 2.5 cm. or less long; lip entire, obtusely angled in front,
bicarinate below T. peruviana
Ib. Flowers relatively large, sepals about 3 cm. or more long; lip commonly more
or less markedly 3-lobed, not obtusely angled in front 1
la. Leaves definitely petioled; sepals broadly lanceolate, about 15 mm. wide,
greenish mottled with chocolate; lip 3-carinate T. brevis
Ib. Leaves sessile, at most with a narrowed, conduplicate base; sepals linear-
lanceolate or linear, 7.5 mm. or less wide, not mottled 2
2a. Pseudobulbs linear-cylindric, about 10 mm. or less in diameter in the dried
specimen; leaf narrow, about 2 cm. wide 3
2b. Pseudobulbs oblong-cylindric to ellipsoid or ovoid, 25 mm. or more in diam-
eter; leaf relatively broad, 2.6 cm. or more wide; base of the lip without semi-
elliptic calli, merely unicarinate 4
3a. Flower large, sepals 4.3 cm. or more long; lateral sepals connate below; lip
distinctly surpassing the sepals, disc with a pair of semielliptic, fleshy calli
near the base T. juninensis
3b. Flower relatively small, sepals 3.3 cm. or less long; lateral sepals entirely free;
lip a little shorter than the lateral sepals, disc without a pair of semielliptic
calli below T. gracilis
787
788 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
4a. Median keel uniform, not dilated above T. fragrans
4b. Median keel abruptly dilated and cut off in front.
T, fragrans var. grata (T. grata}
Trichopilia brevis Rolfe, Lindenia 7: 91, t. 332. 1892.
Pseudobulbs aggregated, elongate-conic, 8-12 cm. long, unifoliate. Leaf peti-
oled; lamina lanceolate-elliptic or oblong-elliptic, acute, cuneate at the base,
10-16 cm. or more long, 4-5 cm. wide, coriaceous. Scapes lateral, basal, pendent,
loosely 2- to 3-flowered above. Flowers large and showy, with spreading segments.
Sepals and petals yellowish green blotched with chocolate. Sepals broadly lanceo-
late or elliptic-lanceolate, acute, with somewhat revolute sides, about 4 cm. long
and 1.5 cm. wide. Petals rather similar to the sepals, lightly oblique. Lip white,
subtrilobed above, very broad, nearly equaling the sepals in length, up to 4.8 cm.
wide; lateral lobes erect and surrounding the column, broadly rounded, undulate;
mid-lobe very broadly rounded, retuse, crisped-undulate, about 2.5 cm. wide; disc
with 3 yellow keels in the center of the lower half. Column short, subclavate, about
1.3 cm. long, biauriculate above, with a membranaceous, serrulate clinandrium.
Peru: Habitat and collector not recorded; introduced by L'Horti-
culture Internationale at Brussels.
Trichopilia fragrans (Lindl.) Reichb. f. Hamb. Gartenz. 14:
229. 1858; Reichb. f. Saund. Refug. Bot. 2: t. 127. 1882; Cogn. &
Goos. Diet. Icon. Orch. Trichopilia t. 3. 1898. Pilumna fragrans
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 30, Misc. 74. 1844.
Plant variable. Pseudobulbs often aggregated, strongly complanate, oblong-
cylindric to ellipsoid or ovoid, unifoliate, 4.5-12 cm. long, invested below by sev-
eral distichous, deeply imbricating, evanescent sheaths. Leaf oval to elliptic or
elliptic-oblong, rarely oblong-ligulate, acute, more or less narrowed to a condupli-
cate base, chartaceous, 11-30 cm. long, 2.7-7.6 cm. wide. Scape lateral, basal,
shorter than the leaf, erect to pendent; peduncle bearing 2-4 close, tubular sheaths
which are remote above; raceme very loose, bearing 1-4 (commonly 2 or 3) flowers.
Flowers rather large, fragrant, with spreading segments. Sepals green, white or
whitish green, with more or less undulate margins. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate
or linear-elliptic, acuminate, up to 4.5 (6) cm. long and 7.5 mm. wide. Lateral
sepals similar but slightly smaller, oblique, entirely free. Petals very similar to
the dorsal sepal but commonly a little broader. Lip rhombic-obovate in outline,
lightly 3-lobed above the middle, long-cuneate at the base, with the center strongly
adnate to the column, white with a yellow spot near the base, 2.5-4 cm. long,
1.6-3 cm. wide where broadest; lateral lobes shallowly semiobovate and broadly
rounded in front, erect, undulate; mid-lobe semiorbicular, retuse and lightly apicu-
late; disc with a more or less conspicuous, low, uniform, central keel on the basal
half. Column straight, more or less dilated above and round-auriculate on each
side, 1.5-2.1 cm. long, with a conspicuous, 3-lobulate, lacerate clinandrium.
Cuzco: Prov. of Calca, Lares Valley above Huallhuayoj, 2200-
2400 meters, on rocks, Weberbauer 7903Junm: Chanchamayo
Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1294- Also Hispaniola, Colombia
(type of Pilumna fragrans), and Venezuela.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 789
Trichopilia fragrans (Lindl.) Reichb. f. var. grata (Reichb. f.)
C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 12: 193. 1946. Tricho-
pilia grata Reichb. f. Card. Chron. (1868) 1338.
This concept differs from the type in having the keel on the lip dilated and
abruptly cut off in front. Like the type, it has fragrant flowers, the sepals and
petals green and the lip white with yellow blotches on either side of the basal keel.
Peru(?): Habitat and collector not recorded; introduced by
Messrs. Veitch (type of T. grata) . Cuzco : Prov. of Quispicanchis,
Marcapata Valley, "evergreen hard-leafed bushwood consisting of
shrubs and trees," 1800 meters, Weberbauer 7840 Junin: Rio Man-
taro, Weberbauer 6582.
Trichopilia gracilis C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 15: 168, t. 56. 1952. Figure 161.
Plant epiphytic, medium-sized for the genus, about 29.5 cm. or less high.
Rhizome abbreviated. Pseudobulbs caespitose, numerous, linear-cylindric, appar-
ently compressed, unifoliate at the apex, 5-11 cm. high, up to 9 mm. in diameter,
striate-sulcate, concealed at the base by a few firm, evanescent sheaths. Leaf
linear-oblong to elliptic-oblong, subcoriaceous, acute, shortly narrowed below to
a sessile or shortly petioled, complicate or conduplicate base, 11.7-18 cm. long,
1.4-2.1 cm. wide. Inflorescence basal, suberect, very loosely 2- to 3-flowered
above, shorter than the leaf or rarely (including the terminal flower) subequaling
the leaf; peduncle slender, about 6.5-15 cm. long, with 3 close, tubular, separated
sheaths; floral bracts closely clasping and much shorter than the pedicellate ovary.
Pedicellate ovary up to 4.5 cm. long. Flowers rather small for the genus, cam-
panulate, white with orange on the throat of the lip. Sepals rather fleshy, longi-
tudinally concave. Dorsal sepal linear or lanceolate-linear, acuminate, about 3 cm.
long and 4 mm. wide when expanded. Lateral sepals free, obliquely linear or lan-
ceolate-linear, lightly decurved, long-acuminate with a conduplicate apex, about
equaling the dorsal sepal but narrower. Petals obliquely lanceolate-linear, more
or less lightly decurved, acuminate with a subconduplicate apex, slightly shorter
than the dorsal sepal. Lip a little shorter than the sepals, with the lower portion
convolute around the column in natural position, when expanded oblong-obovate,
broadly rounded in front, lightly contracted on each side above the middle (thus
subtrilobed), cuneate below, with the central line below adnate to the lower half
of the column, about 2.5-2.8 cm. long and 1.6-1.8 cm. wide near the apex; disc
with a short, more or less distinct, fleshy keel below the middle. Column short,
about 9 mm. high at the back, stout, slightly dilated upward, terminating in an
erect, somewhat bilobed, denticulate clinandrium.
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Agua Dulce, 1800 meters, epiphyte in
forest, pseudobulbs, leaves and peduncle dark green, Woytkowski
35473 (type). Same locality, 1900 meters, epiphyte in shady forest,
mid-nerve of the leaf yellowish, lip with 7 orange spots in the center,
Woytkowski 35428.
TRICHOPILIA
qracilis
c
FIG. 161. Trichopilia gracilis C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X ^. 2, flower ex-
panded; X 1. 3, lip and column from side; X 1.
790
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 791
Trichopilia juninensis C. Schweinf. Am. Orch. Soc. Bull. 13:
424, t., 1945. Figure 162.
Plant slender for the genus. Rhizome apparently abbreviated. Pseudobulb
strongly ancipitous, linear-cylindric, unifoliate, more or less arcuate in the dried
specimen, about 7.5 cm. long, up to 10 mm. in diameter, clothed below with sev-
eral distichous, imbricating, evanescent sheaths. Leaf oblong, acute, shortly
narrowed to a petiole-like, conduplicate base, about 15 cm. long and 1.9 cm.
wide, chartaceous. Scape lateral, basal, short, arcuate or spreading, very loosely
2-flowered above; peduncle about 6 cm. long, provided with 3 separated, closely
clasping, tubular sheaths. Flowers large, white, with spreading, somewhat twisted
segments. Dorsal sepal linear, acute or short-acuminate, about 4.3 cm. long and
4.8 mm. wide in the middle. Lateral sepals narrowly linear, complicate-acute,
slightly longer than the dorsal sepal, carinate without, connate below for about
1.8 cm. Petals similar to the dorsal sepal but slightly wider, linear, lightly curved
near base, complicate-acute. Lip obovate in outline when expanded, distinctly
exceeding the sepals, retuse in front, adnate to the column below for about 8.5 mm.,
about 5.7 cm. in greatest length, lightly 4-lobed above the middle, about 3-3.5 cm.
wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes semiobovate from a long-narrowed base;
mid-lobe transversely oval or reniform, about 1.2 cm. long on each side of the retuse
apex and about 2.7 cm. wide; disc below with a low central keel which is surrounded
by a pair of narrow, semielliptic, fleshy calli. Column rather small, abruptly
dilated above, about 2 cm. long, including the deeply trilobulate, lacerate wing.
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 meters, Schunke 1299 (type).
Same locality and altitude, Schunke 523.
Trichopilia peruviana Kranzl. Oesterr. Gartenz. 10: 11. 1915.
Rhizome short. Pseudobulbs ancipitous, linear-cylindric or linear-oblong, uni-
foliate, up to 10 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. Leaves lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
shortly complicate at the rounded base, up to 15 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, coria-
ceous. Inflorescences 2- or more-flowered above; peduncle clothed with small,
short, acute, scarious sheaths. Flowers white. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate,
straight or very slightly twisted, 2.5 cm. long, 4-5 mm. wide. Petals oblong-
lanceolate, acute, equally long but nearly twice as wide as the sepals. Lip simple,
cuneate-obovate, obtuse-angled in front, lightly emarginate in the middle [?of each
side], equally as long as the other segments, 1.5 cm. wide in front; disc very mi-
nutely velutinous, with 2 rather obscure yellowish calli extending from the base
to beyond the middle. Column about half as long as the lip, the margin of the
clinandrium 3-partite and minutely denticulate.
Peru: Habitat and collector not recorded; imported by P. Wolter
of Magdeburg (type) .Junin, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 169. 1921.
No material of this concept was seen.
Trichopilia subulata (Sw.) Reichb. f. Flora 48: 278. 1865;
Cogn. Urban Symb. Antill. 6: 628. 1910. Epidendrum subulatum
TRICHOPIUIA
/uninensis C/. (5 c Pi we in
/I
FIG. 162. Trichopilia juninensis C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X 4 A- 2, dorsal
sepal; XI. 3, petal; XI. 4, lateral sepals; XI. 5, lip expanded; XI. 6, col-
umn from side; X 1.
792
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 793
Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 123. 1788. Cymbidium subulatum Sw. Fl.
Ind. Occ. 3: 1473. 1806. Trichopilia hymenantha Reichb. f. Bonpl.
2: 90. 1854; Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 1: 15, t. 7, figs. I, 1-11. 1854;
Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 98: t. 5949. 1872. Leucohyle Warscewiczii Kl.
Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. App. 1854.
Plant slender, variable. Rhizome abbreviated. Pseudobulbs aggregated,
small and inconspicuous, linear-cylindric, lightly compressed, 8-25 mm. long,
unifoliate. Leaves fleshy, linear or subterete, channelled, acuminate and often
mucronate, 10.8-22.9 cm. long, up to 10 mm. wide. Scapes lateral, basal, short,
lax to pendent, loosely several-flowered nearly to the base, up to 15 cm. long.
Flowers small, with spreading segments. Sepals and petals white to pale yellow,
lip white with red or purplish spots. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, linear-lanceolate or
elliptic-linear, acuminate, 1.6-2.6 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide near the middle. Lateral
sepals entirely free, obliquely linear-lanceolate, acuminate, dorsally carinate, with
a more or less prominent subapical mucro, about as long and broad as the dorsal
sepal or narrower. Petals similar to the dorsal sepal, more or less oblique. Lip
suborbicular and obscurely 4-lobed or round-obovate, concave with the sides of
the lower part surrounding the column, abruptly acute or obtuse and apiculate,
the margins irregularly denticulate to lacerate, 1.5-2 cm. long, 1.4-1.8 cm. wide;
disc provided at the base with a small, subquadrate, depressed callus or with a pair
of small, converging calli. Column short, stout, clavate, lightly recurved above,
6-9 mm. long including the wing, terminating in a relatively large, cucullate, sub-
orbicular-obovate, denticulate wing with a small subulate process on each side
below.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz s.n. (type of Leucohyle
Warscewiczii). Also the West Indies (type of Epidendrum subu-
latum), Panama and Colombia (T. hymenantha).
COCHLIODA Lindl.
Small or medium-sized South American epiphytes apparently
restricted to Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.
Rhizome abbreviated. Stems very short, thickened into compressed, 1- or 2-
leaved pseudobulbs. Leaves linear or oblong to lorate. Scapes 1 or 2, lateral, basal,
erect, arcuate or pendent, loosely racemose (sometimes paniculate) above. Floral
bracts large or more commonly small and inconspicuous. Flowers small or me-
dium-sized, scarlet to rose-red, with spreading segments. Sepals subequal, free.
Petals broader than the sepals, somewhat oblique. Lip with an erect claw which
is more or less adnate to the column and with a spreading lamina; lamina 3-lobed,
with the lateral lobes rounded or oblong and often reflexed; mid-lobe porrect, en-
tire or dilated above and retuse to bilobed in front. Column erect and more or less
incurved, slender, often auricled above, with 2 stigmatic orifices. Anther terminal,
opercular, incumbent. Pollinia 2.
Al. Mid-lobe of the lip oblong or cuneate, not markedly dilated in front. . C. rosea
A2. Mid-lobe of the lip markedly dilated above and retuse to bilobed in front. . . I
794 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
la. Floral bracts conspicuous, about equaling the pedicellate ovary.
C. densiflora
Ib. Floral bracts small and inconspicuous, much shorter than the pedicellate
ovary 1
la. Pseudobulbs 2-leaved; flowers rose-purple C. vulcanica
Ib. Pseudobulbs 1-leaved; flowers scarlet 2
2a. Lateral sepals elliptic-lanceolate; petals broad, oval C. Noezliana
2b. Lateral sepals oblanceolate-oblong; petals oblong-elliptic C. Beyrodtiana
Cochlioda Beyrodtiana Schltr. Orchis 13: 5. 1919.
Plant medium-sized. Pseudobulbs aggregated, ellipsoid to broadly ovoid,
compressed, unifoliate, 3-4 cm. high. Leaves narrowly lorate, subobtuse, 10-
15 cm. long, 1.7-2 cm. wide. Scape erect, up to 20 cm. high; peduncle slender,
with several (5-7) small, tubular, remote sheaths; raceme about 8 cm. long, very
loose, 7- to 10-flowered. Floral bracts small, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, con-
cave, about one third as long as the pedicellate ovary. Flowers bright scarlet, with
widely spreading segments. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute, about
1.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals about equally long but apparently more or less nar-
rower, oblique. Petals obliquely oblong-elliptic, acute, about as long as the sepals,
wider than the dorsal sepal. Lip about 1.5 cm. long, with a short cuneate claw,
3-lobed in the middle where about 1.2 cm. wide; lateral lobes obliquely oblong,
obtuse; mid-lobe reniform, shortly clawed below, bilobulate in front; disc with 4
parallel, minutely puberulent keels extending to the base of the midlobe. Column
slender for the genus, about 1.5 cm. or less high, with a pair of semiquadrate auricles.
Peru: Habitat and collector not recorded. Plant appeared in the
nursery of Herr Beyrodt in Marienfeld near Berlin.
Cochlioda densiflora Lindl. Fol. Orch. Cochlioda 1853; Schltr.
Orchis 13: 3. 1919. Mesospinidium densiflorum Reichb. f. Card.
Chron. (1872) 393.
Plant about 21 cm. high, stout. Pseudobulb complanate-oval or oblong-oval,
about 5 cm. high, unifoliate, surrounded at the base by 2 pairs of distichous sheaths
of which the longer upper ones are leaf-bearing. Leaf on the pseudobulb oblong,
obtuse, narrowed below to an indistinct, conduplicate petiole, about 14 cm. long
and 1.8 cm. wide, coriaceous, with the mid-nerve prominent beneath. Scape sub-
erect, lateral, basal in the axil of a leaf-bearing sheath, slightly surpassing the leaf;
peduncle about 12.7 cm. long, entirely concealed by several close, tubular sheaths;
raceme subdense, about 9-flowered. Floral bracts large and prominent, spreading,
ovate-lanceolate, cucullate, about as long as the pedicellate ovary. Flowers rather
large, apparently white to cream-color, with widely spreading segments. Dorsal
sepal ovate-elliptic or "roundish," acute, nearly 1.5 cm. long. Lateral sepals much
narrower, spatulate-oblong or oblanceolate, oblique, acute, "nearly parallel," ap-
parently a little longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals very similar to the dorsal
sepal, oblique. Lip adnate to the column up to the middle of the latter, deeply
3-lobed, ovate in outline, distinctly shorter than the lateral sepals; lateral lobes
"roundish" or semioval, spreading; mid-lobe "linear-oblong" or subquadrate,
abruptly dilated and bilobed in front; disc at the base with a pair of linear, fleshy
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 795
calli which terminate in a "bivalve gland." Column elongate, arcuate, biauricu-
late at the apex.
Peru: Habitat unrecorded, Mathews s.n.
Cochlioda Noezliana (Hort. ex Card. Chron.) Rolfe, Lindenia
6: 55, t. 266. 1891; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 122: t. 7474. 1896; Cogn.
& Goos. Diet. Icon. Orch. Cochlioda t. 2. 1899; Schltr. Orchis 13: 4.
1919. Odontoglossum Noezlianum Hort. ex Card. Chron. ser. 3, 8: 570,
602. 1890.
Plant rather large and showy, with an abbreviated rhizome. Pseudobulbs
clustered, complanate-ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, unifoliate, 3-5 cm. high, sur-
rounded at the base by 1 or 2 pairs of distichous, leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves
oblong to linear-oblong, obtuse to acuminate, cuneate, narrowed to a subpetiolate,
channelled base, 7.6-25 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. wide. Scape erect to arcuate or pend-
ent, up to 40 cm. long; peduncle with numerous short, clasping, subremote, tubular
sheaths; flower cluster racemose or somewhat paniculate, lax, few- to many-flowered.
Floral bracts oblong-lanceolate or ovate, acute or acuminate, commonly equaling
one third or one fourth of the pedicellate ovary. Flowers bright scarlet with
yellow on the lip, with spreading segments, 2.5-4 cm. across. Dorsal sepal ob-
long-elliptic, abruptly acute, about 1.6-2 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide. Lateral sepals
lanceolate-elliptic, acute and apiculate at the tip, slightly longer but markedly
narrower than the dorsal sepal, somewhat oblique. Petals ovate-elliptic or oval,
acute, slightly oblique, about as long as the dorsal sepal but somewhat broader,
with irregular crenulate margins. Lip adnate to the column nearly to the apex of
the latter, deeply 3-lobed above the middle, cuneate at the base, about 1.7-2 cm.
long and broad when expanded, rotund-ovate in outline; lateral lobes obliquely
quadrate-suborbicular, spreading; mid-lobe subequal, decurved, obcordate, from
a broad cuneate base dilated above with a lightly retuse apex and undulate upper
margins; disc below with a broad, transverse, 4-lobulate callus or with 4 short,
parallel, fleshy keels. Column long and slender, with a trilobed apex, 1.3-1.5 cm.
long at the back.
Peru: Habitat and collector not recorded; introduced by M.
Noezli (type). Cuzco, Puno, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 168. 1921. Also Bolivia.
Cochlioda rosea (Lindl.) Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. 18: 327. 1881;
Cogn. & Goos. Diet. Icon. Orch. Cochlioda t. 3. 1899; Schltr. Orchis
13: 7. 1919. Odontoglossum roseum Lindl. Benth. PL Hartw. 151. 1844;
Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 100: t. 6084. 1874. Mesospinidium roseum
Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. (1872) 393.
Plant small to medium-sized. Rhizome abbreviated. Pseudobulbs aggre-
gated, ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, strongly complanate, unifoliate or bifoliate,
3-5 cm. high, surrounded at the base by 2 pairs of distichous sheaths of which the
larger upper ones are leaf-bearing. Leaves variable, elliptic-oblong to linear, acute
to obtuse, cuneate-narrowed to a conduplicate, subpetiolate base, 5.8-20 cm. long,
796 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
1-2.5 cm. wide, with the mid-nerve conspicuous beneath. Scapes lateral, basal in
the axil of a sheath, erect to flexuous or arcuate, 13-40 cm. long; peduncle with
several more or less remote, short, tubular, evanescent sheaths. Flower cluster
racemose to sometimes paniculate, loosely 5- to 20-flowered. Floral bracts ovate
to lanceolate, acute, concave, half as long as the slender pedicellate ovary or less.
Flowers rose-red, with spreading segments, 2-3.5 cm. in diameter. Dorsal sepal
narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute, prominently apiculate, about 11 mm. long,
up to 4 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, slightly
longer and markedly narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals lanceolate-elliptic,
acute, about as long as the dorsal sepal but more or less broader. Lip about as
long as the petals, adnate to the lower third of the column, about 9.5-16 mm. long,
sharply 3-lobed below or near the middle, ovate in outline; lateral lobes short,
very obliquely ovate or rhombic from a cuneate base; mid-lobe much larger, por-
rect, linear-oblong, linear-lanceolate or cuneate, obtuse or truncate and not or very
slightly dilated (but not bilobed) at the apex; disc with 1 or 2 pairs of short fleshy
keels near the base. Column stout, with a 3-lobed apex, about 6.5 mm. high at
the back.
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 168. 1921.
Ecuador (type of Odontoglossum roseum) .
Cochlioda vulcanica (Reichb. f.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Veitch
Man. Orch. PI. 9: 189. 1893 j 1 Cogn. & Goos. Diet. Icon. Orch. Coch-
lioda 1. 1. 1898; Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 6: 209, t. 44, fig. 2. 1905;
Schltr. Orchis 13: 6. 1919. Mesospinidium vulcanicum Reichb. f.
Card. Chron. (1872) 393; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 98: t. 6001. 1872.
Plant medium-sized, with an abbreviated rhizome. Pseudobulbs aggregated,
narrowly ovoid, strongly compressed, 2.5-6 cm. long, bifoliate, surrounded in
youth by several pairs of distichous, leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves elliptic-oblong
to narrowly oblong-ligulate, abruptly acute or subobtuse, attenuate below to a
subpetioled conduplicate base, 7.6-15 cm. long, 1.3-3.5 cm. wide, coriaceous, with
the mid-nerve carinate beneath. Scape lateral, basal in the axil of a sheath, sub-
erect to nodding, 20-40 cm. long; peduncle provided with several clasping, short,
subremote sheaths; raceme rather laxly several- to many-flowered. Floral bracts
narrowly triangular, concave, short-acuminate, much shorter than the pedicellate
ovary. Flowers rose-purple, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lance-
olate, acute, about 1.6 cm. long and 5 mm. wide. Lateral sepals markedly longer
and narrower than the dorsal sepal, obliquely oblong-lanceolate or oblong-oblance-
olate, dorsally carinate. Petals similar to and as long as the dorsal sepal but
markedly broader, lightly oblique, acute. Lip adnate to the column up to the
middle of the latter, about 1.8-2.2 cm. long when expanded, rather deeply 3-lobed
near the middle, rhombic-ovate in outline; lateral lobes recurved, triangular-
semiobovate, spreading from a cuneate base; mid-lobe reflexed, much longer, with
an oblong claw, dilated and retuse in front; disc at the base of the mid-lobe with
2 pairs of short, oblong, fleshy keels of which the middle ones are longer. Column
rather slender, lightly clavate above, 1.2-1.5 cm. long, denticulate at the apex.
1 This orchid was not included by Schlechter among the Peruvian species, but
it was designated from that country by Cogniaux in Martius Fl. Bras, 3, pt. 6:
212. 1905.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU
Peru: Eastern part, source of the Maranon River, Spruce s.n.
Also Ecuador (type).
NEODRYAS Reichb. f.
A small genus of American epiphytes apparently confined to the
Andean regions of Bolivia and Peru.
A1 Lio definitely 3-lobed, with a 7-lobed callus at the base ....... N. densiflora
A2* L D slml without a 7-lobed callus at the base; disc of the lip with a more or
tess ZmS cau us whic h is dilated and lobulate above ..... . . . . . ...... I
la JSSTSlf- the lip broader than long, truncate to lightly retuse and
sometimes *^n irovt^ ^ ^^ ^ ^.^ N. reniformis)
Ib. Anterior part of the lip commonly longer than broad,
Neodryas densiflora Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. n. ser. 3: 492. 1875.
rect, auriculate wings above.
798 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Davis s.n.
Description drawn from a record of the type from the Reichen-
bach Herbarium. No example of the species was available.
Neodryas rhodoneura Reichb. f. Bot. Zeit. 10: 835. 1852; Xen
f n '.V 6 9i^ 12 ~ 25 ' 1854 ' Neodryas MaMi Reich "'
Xen. Orch. 3 : 2L 1878. Neodryas latilabia Smith & Harris, Con-
ib Gray Herb Harvard Univ. 117: 39, figs. a-c. 1937. Neodryas
39 m '
Rhizn, V6getativel y and in flor *l details, growing on trees or rocks
Rhizome more or less creeping. Pseudobulbs complanate, ovoid (rarely) to nar
rowly ellipsoid or pyriform-cylindric, unifoliate, 2.5-6 cm. long, invited beL by
2 or more pairs of distichous, imbricating sheaths of which the upper ones areleaf
n a
obacut f ae o e .
>blong acute or subacute, more or less long-cuneate at the base, up to 28 cm long
net/ T' de f ( ft , en v much smaller ); Petiole to about 7 cm. iong, d^TcS
nelled. Scapes lateral, basal, in the axil of an upper sheath, more or less exceeding
the leaves, 13-40 cm. or more long; peduncle slender, with 2 to 4 remote short
tubular, appressed and evanescent sheaths; inflorescence '
T'? 1S C m T nIy 5 ~ 15 Cm " IOng ' F1 Wers small eampanu ate puple
and white or rarely red-orange. Dorsal sepal strongly concave-cucullate
mTone sTm ^ th ^ what carinate on thTbtck about
mm. long, 3.8 mm. wide when expanded. Lateral sepals about equally long
connate into a deeply concave, oval lamina which is bicarinate without somewhat
broader than the dorsal sepal and bidentate at the apex, forming a pair rfSSSd
st'L t^th a e P1CUla r 10 H beS ' /!f alS suborb -ular-ovate, ap'icuLe, somewhat
than the sepals and markedly broader than the dorsal sepal. Lip slightly
shorter than the sepals, simple, abruptly deflexed above, somewhat sigmoid when
viewed from the side; basal portion incurved, claw-like, short, sometiTs moTe O r
Ivate d e er thanT " ^^ ""**" ^^ ^^ eX P anded <*-
ovate, broader than long, more or less cordate at the base, truncate or lightly retuse
and sometimes apiculate in front, with the sides more or less undulate aL thus
apparently obulate; disc below (through the claw-like base) ^than oblong
SSSTSSjfr wl ;: ch is abruptly dilated ( at the ba - f * ^0"^
l?n, at tL h I I" CaI1US ' C IUmn V6ry Sh rt and stout ' about 3 mm. or less
long at the back with a pair of porrect, oblong-ovate, sometimes bidentate wings
above and just below, with a pair of short, triangular lobes which areToinTfn
)Q
1993.-
C: ^ bancai ' Quebrada de Quera, 3050 meters, Vargas
.co: Bosques de Choque-Chusco to Mollepata, 3400 me-
ters, Vargas 1163. Prov. of Paucartambo, slopes of Pillahuata, 3000
neters epiphyte in "ceja de la montana," Vargas 3663. Also Bo-
livia (types of Neodryas rhodoneura, N. Mandonii, N. latilabia and
zv. remformis).
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU
799
Neodryas Weberbaueriana (Kranzl.) Schltr Orchis 12: 90.
1918. Cochlioda Weberbaueriana Kranzl. Engler Bot. Janrb. t>4,
Beibl. 117: 31. 1916.
Plant variable, epiphytic. Rhizome creeping, more or less abbreviated Pseu-
flo^duS or loosely paniculate with 2 or 3 J"^-Jjjj
many-flowered, commonly loose below, more or less d ^ '^JP^^j
Tampanulate, orange to dark orange-red, on rather long, J^jf^^
Pnal strongly concave, lanceolate-elliptic to oval-ovate ( oblong ), acute to
M about 7 8^9 mm bng, 4-5.2 mm. wide when expanded. Lateral sepals con-
nate' f orm ng an empi or suborbicular lamina which is bicarinate without, nearly
edly shorter than the other segments in natural position, obovate-oblong and pan
front) just below the apical pair.
Huancavelica: Prov. of Tayacaja, Ampurco woods, on trail be-
tween Salcabamba and Surcubamba, 2900 meters, common in fog
zone forest, flowers waxy, Stork & Horton 10428. Montepungo,
5 km. east of Surcubamba, 3000 meters, flowers waxy, Stork & Hor-
ton 10370,-Huanuco: Yanano, about 1800 meters, on trees, Macbnde
3666 (a smaller and stouter form than typical) ; -Junm: Prov c
Huancayo, on the left side of the valley of Rio Mantaro above
Huachicna, 3100 meters, in sclerophyllous vegetation, Weberbauer
6549 (type of Cochlioda Weberbaueriana).
ODONTOGLOSSUM HBK.
A large genus of tropical American orchids, chiefly epiphytic,
extending from Mexico through Central America, locally in the West
800 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Indies and south to Peru and Bolivia, the center of distribution
being Colombia.
Plants variable, small and inconspicuous to very large and showy with an
abbreviated or creeping rhizome. Pseudobulbs commonly conspicuous, 1- to 3-
leaved at the apex, surrounded at the base by one to several pairs of distichous,
imbricating, commonly leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves usually narrow and elongate.
Scapes lateral, basal, stout, commonly equaling or surpassing the leaves, racemose,
simple-paniculate or compound-paniculate. Floral bracts minute to conspicuous
and subequaling the pedicellate ovary, concave. Flowers very small to large and
showy, with spreading segments. Sepals subequal, commonly lanceolate or oblong
to broadly obovate, free or the lateral sepals rarely connate below. Petals similar
to the sepals, commonly shorter and either narrower or broader. Lip simple or
3-lobed, with the basal portion (often narrow and claw-like) erect and commonly
parallel with the column and the anterior part more or less sharply reflexed, the
margins entire to lacerate or fimbriate; lateral lobes short, erect; mid-lobe entire
or emarginate, narrow or very broad; disc below commonly carinate, callose or
crested, sometimes with conspicuous tubercles or radiate keels. Column very
short to rather elongate, naked or with a pair of simple to lobed or lacerate wings
above. Anther terminal, opercular, incumbent, 1-celled or imperfectly 2-celled.
Pollinia 2, ovoid, affixed to a narrow stipe.
Al. Inflorescence racemose or rarely with a short branch at the base I
A2. Inflorescence paniculate, rarely with but a single short branch (in the speci-
mens seen) 21
la. Sepals and petals strongly crisped-undulate 1
Ib. Sepals and petals not strongly crisped-undulate, much longer than broad ... 3
la. Lip with a prominent, free, auricled claw at the base; sepals and petals sub-
acute to acute O. Harryanum 1
Ib. Lip without a prominent, free claw at the base; sepals and petals obtuse to
lightly retuse 2
2a. Dorsal sepal oblong, much longer than broad; pseudobulb "linear."
O. brevifolium var. Weberbauerianum (0. Weberbauerianum)
2b. Dorsal sepal not oblong (obovate or oblong-obovate), a little longer than
broad O. brevifolium (0. chiriquense, O. coronarium, 0. brachypterum)
3a. Margins of the anterior portion of the lamina of the lip entire or nearly so ... 4
3b. Margins of the anterior portion of the lamina of the lip denticulate to lacerate-
dentate (rarely undulate-crenate; cf. 0. epidendroides HBK.) 14
4a. Lamina of the lip long-narrowed above (very acuminate) 5
4b. Lamina of the lip not long-narrowed above, obtuse or retuse to apiculate or
acute 7
5a. Disc of the lip with 2 sigmoid, upcurved horns 0. cirrhosum
5b. Disc of the lip with 4 crests or numerous filaments 6
6a. Lip with 4 dentate-lacerate crests near the base; wings of the column more
or less lacerate 0. praestans
6b. Lip with numerous slender, more or less branched filaments; wings of the
column subentire (subdenticulate above) O. Hennisii
1 In O. Harryanum the sepals and petals are merely more or less undulate, but,
in order to avoid possible misunderstanding, this concept is included in both
branches of the key.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 801
7a. Lip distinctly 3-lobed (not pandurate), with the mid-lobe markedly narrower
than the basal portion 8
7b. Lip simple or pandurate, if 3-lobulate the apical portion (mid-lobe) nearly as
broad as or broader than the basal portion 10
8a. Flowers large, sepals about 2.5 cm. or more long; sepals lanceolate or oblong-
elliptic, more or less acuminate; disc of the lip with a digitately lobed callus.
O. digitatum
8b. Flowers small; sepals and petals oblong-cuneate to broadly obovate, rounded
to abruptly acute at the apex; disc of the lip with a pair of entire keels or
subentire calli 9
9a. Raceme few-flowered; flowers sulphur-colored; lateral sepals carinate below;
disc of the lip with a pair of elongate, fleshy calli O. anthoxanthum
9b. Raceme many- (10- or more-) flowered; flowers with 2 broad, brown bands
on a yellowish ground; lateral sepals not carinate below; disc of the lip with
a pair of fleshy, ellipsoid calli O. tigroides
lOa. Flowers relatively large, sepals about 3.3 cm. or more long 11
lOb. Flowers medium-sized to small, sepals about 2 cm. or less long; lamina of the
lip not pandurate 12
lla. Lamina of the lip pandurate O. Harnjanum
lib. Lamina of the lip oblong or elliptic-oblong, not pandurate ... 0. epidendroides
12a. Lower, erect portion of the lip broader than the anterior portion (thus no
evident claw); disc with a sulcate callus or a pair of simple elongate calli
which are free at the apex O. graminifolium
12b. Lower, erect portion of the lip much narrower than the anterior part (thus
markedly clawed); disc without a pair of simple calli 13
13a. Flowers small, dorsal sepal 7.5 mm. or less long; petals narrowed below.
O. pusillum
13b. Flowers medium-sized, dorsal sepal about 15 mm. or more long; petals much
broader below O. crocatum
14a. Wings on the column lacerate or pectinate 15
14b. Wings on the column entire or crenulate, at least not lacerate-dentate ... 17
15a. Flowers relatively large, sepals 4 cm. or more long (rarely smaller); basal
callus consisting of a large multipectinate crest O. Hallii
15b. Flowers smaller, sepals 3.5 cm. or less long; basal callus consisting of radiating
processes 16
16a. Lip rounded and apiculate in front; basal callus with the 4 middle keels much
larger and longer than the others and spiny-produced O. tripudians
16b. Lip acute or acuminate; basal callus consisting of similar keels. .O. cristatum
17a. Lamina of the lip ovate-lanceolate, lacerate-dentate O. lacerum
17b. Lamina of the lip oblong or subquadrate-ovate to pandurate, sometimes
broader near the apex, denticulate or crenate 18
18a. Margins of the lip undulate-crenate; lamina obtuse; disc with a 3-tuberculate
callus at the base O. epidendroide?
18b. Margins of the lip denticulate; lamina subacute to acute; disc without a
3-tuberculate callus 19
19a. Lamina of the lip "oval-oblong" or subquadrate-ovate, not contracted on
each side O. juninense
19b. Lamina of the lip pandurate or dilated at the apex (i.e., contracted on each
side) . . 20
802 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
20a. Sepals and petals acuminate; basal crest consisting of numerous filiform or
setaceous calli; column-wings rhombic O. subuligerum
20b. Sepals and petals acute; basal crest bi dentate in front with a tooth or apicule
on each side; column wings obsolete, crenulate O. Hrubyanum
2 la. Wings of the column very prominent and spreading, setose or elongate-
falcate; sepals and petals long-acuminate 22
21b. Wings of the column not long and prominent, often deflexed or wanting ... 24
22a. Lip abruptly 3-lobed in the middle; column with a trifid hood at the apex.
O. multistellare
22b. Lip simple or lightly 3-lobulate 23
23a. Sepals and petals white spotted with brown; lip with a pair of diverging
horns; column without angles below O. cirrhosum
23b. Sepals and petals yellow spotted with brown or purple; lip with four dentate
keels; column with a pair of angles below O. praestans
24a. Lip pandurate, or with the anterior portion broader than the basal part ... 25
24b. Lip not pandurate, the anterior portion not broader than the basal part ... 29
25a. Lamina of the lip broadly obovate; column with apical wings.
O. mystacinum (Cyrtochilum mystacinum, Odontoglossum rigidum)
25b. Lamina of the lip not broadly obovate; column without noticeable apical
wings 26
26a. Flowers relatively large, sepals 1.6 cm. or more long 27
26b. Flowers small, sepals about 8.8 mm. or less long 28
27a. Lip sharply acute or acuminate; basal crests dentate below, 2-toothed above.
O. ringens
27b. Lip very shortly acute; basal crests divided into 3 subequal teeth above.
O. fracliflexum 1
28a. Sepals and petals spatulate or oblong-spatulate; lip very slightly constricted
in the middle and very little broader above the middle O. obscurum
28b. Sepals and petals oblong-oblanceolate; lip much constricted in the middle
and markedly broader above the middle O. pusillum
29a. Outline of the lip 3-lobed, often indistinctly so 30
29b. Outline of the lip simple 42
30a. Base of the lip with a linear, sulcate callus or 2 prominent keels 31
30b. Base of the lip without a linear, sulcate callus or 2 prominent keels 36
31a. Lip obscurely lobulate 32
31b. Lip distinctly 3-lobed or with a conspicuous linear-oblong or lanceolate an-
terior lobule 34
32a. Flowers small, sepals about 8-10 mm. long; disc of the lip with one sulcate
keel or 2 approximate keels ending in diverging lamellae O. longipes
32b. Flowers medium-sized to large, sepals 15 mm. or more long 33
33a. Leaves flat in the dried specimen, acute or acuminate. .O. aureo-purpureum
33b. Leaves strongly revolute in the dried specimen, obtuse O. revolutum
34a. Flowers large, sepals and petals about 15 mm. or more long; lip contracted
into a linear-oblong or lanceolate lobule above O. revoluium
34b. Flowers small, sepals and petals about 13 mm. or less long; lip not contracted
into a linear-oblong lobule above 35
1 When specimens of this concept are available, it may not prove to be spe-
cifically separable from O. ringens.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 803
Lateral lobes of the lip semiorbicular; mid-lobe lanceolate-triangular.
O. myrianthum
Lateral lobes of the lip rhombic, antrorse; mid-lobe of the lip trapezoid.
0. melanthes
Flowers very small, lateral sepals about 5 mm. or less long 37
Flowers larger, lateral sepals 10 mm. or more long 38
Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, 6 cm. or less long; panicle short, few-
branched, about 5 cm. or less high; dorsal sepal suborbicular. .O. microthyrsus
Leaves linear or oblong-linear, 14.5 cm. or more long; panicle elongate,
many-branched, about 57 cm. long; dorsal sepal obovate-oblong.
0. depauperatum
Apex of the lip broad, retuse or subtruncate and apiculate 39
Apex of the lip narrow, oblong, linear-lanceolate to triangular or triangular-
cuspidate 40
Pseudobulb unifoliate; flowers relatively small, dorsal sepal 1.7 cm. or less
long, orange-scarlet; lip bicallose below O. retusum
Pseudobulb bifoliate; flower large, dorsal sepal about 2.5 cm. long, pale yel-
low lined with brown; lip with a single digitately divided callus at the base.
0. digitatum
Flowers small, sepals 12.8 mm. or less long; lip less than half as long as the
sepals 0. brevilabium
Flowers relatively large, sepals about 23 mm. or more long; lip nearly as long
as the sepals 41
Sepals and petals acuminate; lip 3-lobed in the middle; mid-lobe triangular-
cuspidate, long-acuminate O. multistellare
Sepals and petals acute; lip 3-lobed below the middle; mid-lobe linear-
lanceolate, obtuse to subacute O. trilobum
Apex of the lip broad, truncate or retuse and apiculate O. retusum
Apex of the lip narrow, at most minutely bilobulate at the tip 43
Flowers very small, sepals 10 mm. or less long; lip simply unicarinate or
bicarinate at the base 44
Flowers relatively large, sepals 2 cm. or more long 47
Petals sessile (not distinctly clawed), much broader than the sepals; keels of
the lip high O. megalophium
Petals clawed or distinctly narrowed below, narrower than the dorsal
sepal 45
Inflorescence with a few simple branches (subpaniculate) ; sepals 6-10 mm.
long 46
Inflorescence with numerous, compound branches (compound paniculate);
sepals minute, apparently 5 mm. long O. myanthum
Leaves over 2 cm. wide; lip bicarinate, with entire margins; column with a
pair of small, falcate-oblong wings above O. longifolium
Leaves 1.2 cm. or less wide; lip unicarinate, lightly retuse in the middle of
each side; column terminating in a pair of blunt, triangular teeth above.
O. obscurum
Inflorescence very slender, subpaniculate; lip lacerate; column with a pair
of subtruncate wings O. lacerum
Inflorescence broad, spreading-paniculate; lip not lacerate; column wing-
less . . 48
804 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
48a. Base of the lip with a pair of membranaceous, serrate to dentate keels and
with a long central keel which is flanked in front by a pair of sharp teeth or
horns 0. angnstatum (O. bellum, O. Loesenerianum, O. telraplasium)
48b. Base of the lip with a pair of fleshy, entire keels with a successive series of
3 1 and 2 fleshy calli 0. aureo-purpureum (0. compactum, O. Koehleri)
Odontoglossum angustatum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23: sub t. 1992.
1837; Fol. Orch. Odontoglossum 17, no. 48. 1852. Odontoglossum
tetraplasium Reichb. f. Card. Chron. n. ser. 3: 558. 1875. Odonto-
glossum bellum Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 108. 1921; Mansf.
Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 127, nr. 499. 1929. Odontoglossum Loese-
nerianum Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 110. 1921; Mansf. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 57: t. 128, nr. 502. 1929.
Plant stout, very variable. Pseudobulbs strongly complanate, cylindric to
ellipsoid or ovoid, commonly bifoliate, about 8 cm. or less long, surrounded by
1-5 pairs of distichous, imbricating, conduplicate sheaths of which the upper ones
are leaf-bearing. Leaves oblanceolate or oblanceolate-oblong, acute, sessile at the
gradually narrowed, conduplicate base, very variable in size, up to 42 cm. long
and 4.5 cm. wide (the outer ones on each side successively smaller). Scapes lat-
eral, basal, stout, commonly much surpassing the leaves, many-flowered, with a
narrow (short-branched) or widely spreading (long-branched) panicle above.
Flowers rather large with widely spreading segments, yellow (sometimes greenish
or brownish) commonly with brown spots. Sepals and petals more or less long-
acuminate with undulate margins. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or
narrowly lanceolate, concave, up to 3.5 cm. long and 8 mm. wide below, often
with involute margins. Lateral sepals linear-lanceolate, more or less conduplicate,
carinate, subequally long but markedly narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, slightly oblique, markedly shorter than the dorsal
sepal but wider. Lip variable, ovate to ovate-oblong or oblong (sometimes slightly
narrowed on each side in the middle), short-clawed at the base, with the basal
portion subparallel to the column and the anterior portion spreading, acute (rarely)
to long-acuminate, about 2.7 cm. or less long and 1.1 cm. or less wide below (sub-
equaling the petals), provided near the base with a crest consisting of a pair of
relatively large, high, irregularly serrate-dentate or lacerate keels separated by a
pair of smaller, fleshy, narrow calli and in front of these by an elongate, central,
laterally flattened callus on either side of which are single (sometimes two) tuber-
cles or triangular horns. Column small, straight, dilated above, wingless, about
1.2 cm. or less high at the back.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Davis s.n. (type of 0. tetraplasium).
Ayacucho: Prov. of Huanta, Choimacota Valley, 2900-3000 me-
ters, in evergreen forest, Weberbauer 7547. Cuzco: Prov. of Con-
vencion, from Quellomayo to Lucumayo, 2800 meters, Vargas 4498.
Prov. of Paucartambo, slopes of Pillahuata, 2900 meters, "ceja de
montana," epiphytic in rain-forest, Vargas 3664- "Pillahuata,"
Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3000-3300 meters, epiphyte in thicket, Pen-
1 Often this series of three calli has a lateral tooth on each side.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 805
nell 14137. Prov. of Urubamba, on trail from Puyupata to Sayac-
marca, 3600 meters, terrestrial, Vargas 2888. Prov. of Quispican-
chis, Marcapata, 2900 meters, in "bushwood consisting of high shrubs
and small trees, with many hard-leafed types," Weberbauer 7797
(this collection is rather abnormal in lacking apparent pseudobulbs
and in having somewhat dissimilar details of the basal crest).
Huanuco: Huallaga, near Chaglla, 3200 meters, Weberbauer 6693.
Junin: Wall of the valley of Rio Mantaro above Huachica, 3100
meters, Weberbauer 6550 (type of 0. Loesenerianum).Loreto: Moy-
obamba, Filomeno s.n. (type of 0. bettum). Also Colombia and
Ecuador (type of 0. angustatum).
Odontoglossum anthoxanthum Reichb. f. Gard. Chron.
(1869) 388.
Vegetative portions lacking. Raceme fractiflex, few-flowered. Floral bracts
triangular, acute, half as long as the pedicellate ovary. Flowers small, sulphur-
colored. Dorsal sepal obovate-oblong or cuneate-oblong, abruptly acute. Lateral
sepals longer, narrower, dorsally carinate. Petals obovate ("cuneato-ovatis"),
apiculate, apparently similar to the dorsal sepal. Lip ovate when expanded, with
the lower part parallel to the column and the anterior part spreading with an in-
curved apex, sharply 3-lobed in the middle, subcordate at the base; lateral lobes
narrow, with an abbreviated, rounded free apex; mid-lobe triangular-ovate ("semi-
ligulato"), apiculate; disc with a pair of stout, parallel keels diverging in front,
extending from the base of the lip to the base of the mid-lobe. Column short,
stout, with a pair of ligulate, upcurved, erect and acute wings above.
Peru (probably) : Habitat and collector not recorded, introduced
by Messrs. Backhouse & Son of York, England.
In the Ames Herbarium is a floral analysis of this species from
the Reichenbach Herbarium.
Odontoglossum aureo-purpureum (as auropurpureum)
Reichb. f. Linnaea 22: 848. 1849; Lindl. Fol. Orch. Odontoglossum
15, nr. 44. 1852; C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 14:
63. 1949. Odontoglossum compactum Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. n.s. 3:
492. 1875. Odontoglossum Koehleri Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9:
109. 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 128, nr. 501. 1929.
Plant very large and stout, about 2.5 meters or less tall, terrestrial or epiphytic.
Pseudobulbs oblong-ovoid or cylindric, complanate, about 6 cm. or more long,
bifoliate, surrounded at the base by one or more pairs of conduplicate, leaf-bearing
sheaths. Leaves oblong or linear-oblong to lorate, flat, narrowed above to an acute
or acuminate apex, more or less narrowed below to a conduplicate base, about
28-70 cm. long, up to 3.2 (rarely 4.2) cm. wide (some blades very much smaller),
rigid and coriaceous. Inflorescence lateral, basal, very large and stout, much sur-
passing the leaves, terminating in a many-flowered, much-branched panicle which
806 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
is simple or compound, loose or dense. Flowers rather large, with wide-spreading
segments, yellow commonly with purple, red or brown spots. Sepals and petals
more or less recurved and circinate above, with undulate margins. Dorsal sepal
lanceolate (rarely ovate-lanceolate), conduplicate at the narrowed (clawed) base
and the upper portion, long-acuminate, about 2-3.6 cm. long and 6-8 mm. wide
when expanded. Lateral sepals linear-lanceolate (or lanceolate), acuminate, dor-
sally carinate, connate at the very base, about as long as the dorsal sepal (or
slightly longer) but narrower. Petals obliquely lanceolate, acuminate, unguiculate-
narrowed with a flat and broad base, markedly shorter and broader than the dorsal
sepal. Lip lanceolate, sessile, with the lower portion erect and parallel to the col-
umn, the middle portion abruptly recurved and the acuminate upper portion more
sharply recurved, the lower margins being lobulate-crenate and undulate, nearly
equaling the petals when expanded, about 1.8-2.8 cm. long, up to 1 cm. wide below;
disc with a prominent basal crest which consists of a pair of high, fleshy keels or a
sulcate callus separated by a lower linear callus, in front of which is a series of 3 or
5 subequal, more or less lobulate calli and in front of these 2 larger, complanate-
ovoid or ellipsoid calli. Column relatively small, slightly dilated above and below,
about 1 cm. or less high at the back, wingless.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Lobb, Pearce & Davis s.n. (type of
0. compactum). Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Puyupatamarca, 3600
meters, close to ancient ruins, Vargas 2879. Same locality, near
Wenner Gren ruins, 3400-3600 meters, in very wet places in moss
and on trees, Metcalf 30742. Junin: Chanchamayo, Kohler s.n. (type
of 0. Koehleri). Also Colombia (type of 0. aureo-purpureum) and
Venezuela.
Odontoglossum brevifolium Lindl. Benth. PI. Hartw. 152.
1844; Fol. Orch. Odontoglossum 21, no. 61. 1852; Hook. f. Bot. Mag.
125: t. 7687. 1899. Odontoglossum chiriquense Reichb. f. Bot. Zeit.
10: 692. 1852; P. H. Allen, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 36: 158. 1949.
Odontoglossum coronarium Lindl. Fol. Orch. Odontoglossum 21, no.
60. 1852; Batem. Monog. Odontoglossum, t. 27. 1874. Odontoglos-
sum brachypterum Reichb. f. Linnaea 41: 26. 1876. Odontoglossum
coronarium var. chiriquense Veitch, Man. Orch. PL 1: 23. 1886.
Odontoglossum coronarium var. miniatum Veitch, I.e. Odontoglossum
miniatum Hort. ex Veitch, I.e. Odontoglossum candelabrum Hort.
Linden ex Veitch, I.e.
Plant large, stout, very variable, with a robust, creeping rhizome (often not
present in the dried material) concealed by close, imbricating, scarious sheaths.
Pseudobulbs more or less distant, complanate, ovoid to cylindric-ovoid (rarely
suborbicular), unifoliate, about 4-11 cm. high, surrounded at the base by 2 or more
pairs of distichous, imbricating sheaths of which the upper pair is commonly leaf-
bearing. Leaves oval to elliptic-oblong (sometimes conduplicate in the dried
specimen), retuse to subacute at the apex, more or less cuneate-narrowed into a
conduplicate petiole, about 10-30 cm. long, up to 9 cm. wide. Inflorescences stout,
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 807
commonly erect but sometimes nodding above, several- to many-flowered, usually
more or less surpassing the leaves, up to 60 cm. high. Flowers large and conspic-
uous, brown edged with yellow or yellow blotched with reddish brown; column
white spotted with purple. Sepals with widely spreading segments, having crisped-
undulate margins. Dorsal sepal obovate or oblong-obovate ("orbicular and
clawed"), obtuse or generally retuse, about 1.6-3 cm. long, 1.6-2 cm. wide above.
Lateral sepals obovate-oblong, slightly oblique, somewhat longer and narrower
than the dorsal sepal. Petals obovate to elliptic-oblong, retuse or obtuse to sub-
acute, subequal to the sepals (sometimes broader or narrower), rarely slightly in-
dented on each side above (and thus subpandurate). Lip somewhat shorter than
the other segments, 3-lobed or pandurate in outline, about 1.7-2.5 cm. long, with
the basal part suberect and parallel to the column and usually conspicuously nar-
rower than the apical part; lateral lobes (at the base) small, erect, semiovate (often
subtriangular), rounded at the apex; mid-lobe relatively large, cuneate to obovate,
broadly rounded, retuse or prominently bilobed at the apex, 0.5-1.5 cm. wide;
disc with a small, fleshy keel, a smaller, transverse, retuse to subacute callus imme-
diately in front and a pair of fleshy calli at the inner base of the lateral lobes.
Column short, stout, about 8 mm. high at the back, with a conspicuous wing above
which is more or less trilobed and denticulate (especially toward the apex).
Southern Peru: Habitat not recorded, Pearce 48 (type of 0. bra-
chypterum). Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 170.
1921. Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Carpish Pass, about 3000 me-
ters, Hodge 6283. Same locality, terrestrial in boggy clearing, Hodge
6276 (the flowers of this number are too old for examination).
Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1800 meters, Schunke s.n. (Herb.
CNHM 571635; this collection is abnormal in having a broader
pseudobulb and a rather dissimilar lip). Also Costa Rica, Panama
(type of 0. chiriquense) , Colombia (type of 0. coronarium), Ecua-
dor (type of 0. brevifolium) , and Venezuela.
Odontoglossum brevifolium Lindl. var. Weberbauerianum
(Kranzl.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 14: 64. 1949.
Oncidium Weberbauerianum Kranzl. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 389. 1906.
Cyrtochilum Weberbauerianum Kranzl. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 7:
95. 1917, nomen nudum; Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 50, pt. 2 (Heft 80),
60, fig. 5H, a-c. 1922. Odontoglossum Weberbauerianum Schltr. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 27: 109. 1924.
This concept differs from the species in having narrower ("linear") pseudo-
bulbs, in having oblong (not oval or oblong-elliptic) leaves, and in having oblong
sepals which appear to be much longer than wide.
Amazonas: Molinopampa, east of Chachapoyas, 2000-2300 me-
ters, apparently epiphytic in open places in sclerophyllous vegeta-
tion, Weberbauer 4358 (type of Oncidium Weberbauerianum).
No record of this taxon has been seen.
808 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Odontoglossum brevilabium C. Schweinf. Am. Orch. Soc.
Bull. 18: 578, t., 1949. Figure 163.
Plant large, epiphytic, with a stout rhizome. Pseudobulb cylindric, compla-
nate, slender, about 14 cm. high, bearing three leaves above, surrounded on either
side of the base by three spreading, imbricating, conduplicate sheaths which are
successively larger upward and mostly leaf-bearing. Leaves spreading, lanceolate-
oblong or ligulate, sharply acute, slightly narrowed below with a conduplicate base,
with the mid-nerve sulcate above and carinate beneath, those on the pseudobulb
larger, up to 42.6 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence basal in the axil of an
inner sheath, paniculate above, about 57 cm. high; peduncle lightly complanate,
about 32 cm. high, provided with three remote, short, infundibuliform sheaths;
panicle virgate, loosely many-branched with the branches loosely forking; bracts
broadly ovate, acute or acuminate, up to 12 mm. long at the base of the panicle.
Flowers small, numerous, yellow, very loosely arranged on a more or less fractiflex
rachis. Perianth segments widely spreading, fleshy. Sepals acuminate, longitudi-
nally concave. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, about 10-12 mm. long
and 2.2-3.2 mm. wide. Lateral sepals narrowly and obliquely elliptic-lanceolate,
about as large as the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely oblong-lanceolate, short-
acuminate, distinctly shorter and somewhat narrower than the sepals. Lip strongly
adnate to the column below; lamina abruptly recurved or reflexed, sharply 3-lobed
above the middle, about 4 mm. long and slightly broader when expanded; lateral
lobes relatively large, semiorbicular, lightly recurved; mid-lobe short, triangular,
fleshy, porrect or lightly reflexed; disc in the center with a large, indistinct, papil-
lose thickening which is slightly depressed across the middle. Column very short
and stout, terminating in a large, cucullate, irregularly dentate wing, 4.9-5.5 mm.
high at the back.
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Agua Dulce, 2000 meters, on tree in low
highland forest, Woytkowski 35489.
Odontoglossum cirrhosum Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 211. 1833;
Fol. Orch. Odontoglossum 3, no. 5. 1852; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 103:
t. 6317. 1877; Cogn. & Goos. Diet. Icon. Orch. Odontoglossum t. 9.
1897. Oncidium cirrhosum Beer, Prakt. Stud. Orch. 284. 1854.
Plant large, with an apparently abbreviated rhizome. Pseudobulb oblong-
ovoid, strongly compressed, unifoliate, 5-8 cm. high, surrounded below by about 3
pairs of distichous, imbricated, conduplicate, mostly leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves
linear-oblong to elliptic-oblong, acute, narrowed to a conduplicate base, 10-30 cm.
long, about 2.8 cm. wide. Scape lateral, basal, much surpassing the leaves; pedun-
cle with several short, clasping, infundibuliform-cylindric sheaths; inflorescence
rather slender, simple or more commonly a many-branched panicle, many-flowered.
Flowers large, with widely spreading segments, milk-white with brown blotches on
the sepals, petals and mid-lobe of the lip, and with the basal part of the lip yellow
lined with red. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate, terminating in
a recurved, cirrhose point, about 4 cm. long and 7 mm. wide, with the margins
somewhat undulate. Lateral sepals very similar, slightly longer, somewhat oblique.
Petals rhombic-lanceolate, long-acuminate, markedly shorter than the sepals and
almost twice as broad. Lip about two thirds as long as the petals, about 3 cm.
ODONTOGLOSSUM
FIG. 163. Odontoglossum brerilabium C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X ]4- 2, portion
of the inflorescence; X Y*. 3, flower from side; X 1M- 4, dorsal sepal; X 2.
5, petal; X 2. 6, lip from above; X 2.
809
810 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
long when expanded, with the convolute basal portion erect and clasping the
column, 3-lobed near the base; lateral lobes broadly rounded, erect-spreading,
denticulate; mid-lobe recurved, elongate, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, long-
acuminate; disc with a pair of sigmoid-ascending horns between the lateral lobes.
Column straight, dilated upward, about 1 cm. long at the back, with a pair of tri-
angular-linear, ascending tendrils at the apex.
Ecuador (type). Peru(?), fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9:
170. 1921.
Odontoglossum cristatum Lindl. Benth. PI. Hartw. 152. 1844;
Fol. Orch. Odontoglossum 18, no. 53. 1852; Rolfe, Bot. Mag. 145:
t. 8809. 1919. Oncidium cristatum Beer, Prakt. Stud. Orch. 283. 1854.
Plant rather large, epiphytic, apparently with an abbreviated rhizome. Pseu-
dobulb oblong-ellipsoid to ovoid-cylindric, rarely ovoid, compressed, 3-8 cm. long,
bifoliate, surrounded below by 2 pairs of distichous, imbricated, conduplicate, leaf-
bearing sheaths. Leaves lorate (rarely oblong-elliptic), more or less acute, slightly
narrowed toward the conduplicate base, gently arcuate, commonly 15-22 cm. long,
1.8-2 cm. wide. Scapes basal, axillary, arcuate, exceeding the leaves, 25-33 cm.
long, terminating in a laxly many-flowered raceme. Flowers rather large and
showy, with widely spreading segments, yellow spotted and blotched with red.
Sepals and petals very similar, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, 2.5-3 cm. long, about
9 mm. wide, the lateral sepals and petals slightly oblique. Lip with the claw-like
basal portion erect and parallel to the column, cuneate, about 8 mm. long; lamina
geniculate-reflexed, ovate or broadly pandurate-oblong, acute or acuminate, irreg-
ularly fimbriate-dentate and about 1.5 cm. long; disc at the base with a palmately
many-lobed crest of which the anterior divisions are broader. Column arcuate,
about 1.5 cm. high, membranaceous-margined below, with a pair of rounded,
irregularly fimbriate wings above.
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 170. 1921.
Ecuador (type) and Colombia.
Odontoglossum crocatum Linden & Reichb. f. 1 Gard. Chron.
(1867) 404.
Plant apparently large (only the pseudobulbs and the flowering raceme are
illustrated in the Reichenbach Herbarium and only the flower is described).
Pseudobulbs aggregated, strongly compressed, ovoid, ellipsoid or ovoid-oblong,
2-5.5 cm. long. Peduncles slender, with few, very small, tubular-infundibuliform,
remote sheaths. Raceme loosely several- (6- to 7-) flowered, with very small bracts
and elongate, arcuate, pedicellate ovaries. Flowers rather small, bright yellow,
with widely spreading segments. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate
("oblong"), "acute" or acuminate, about 1.7 cm. long and 7 mm. wide. Lateral
sepals similar, semiconnate, slightly oblique. Petals very similar to the sepals
1 This species is very close to O. mystacinum (Lindl.) Lindl., and when actual
material is available, it may prove to be conspecific. For the present, O. crocatum
appears to be separable by having a simple, not paniculate inflorescence; by having
the lateral sepals semiconnate, not mostly free; and by having the wings of the
column linear and serrate on the lower margin, rather than broad and multifid.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 811
and subequal, rounded ("subcordate") at the base. Lip much larger than the
other segments, nearly 2 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide; claw short, narrow, sub-
parallel to the column; lamina broadly obovate with an abrupt, subquadrate basal
portion or "cordate-pandurate," prominently apiculate; disc at the base with
abrupt keels in front of which are 2 series of papillae ("apicules") on each side.
Column very small, about 6 mm. high, with a pair of wings which are linear and
serrulate below.
"Peru," fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 170. 1921. In-
troduced by M. Linden.
In the Ames Herbarium is a drawing of this species from the
Reichenbach Herbarium.
Odontoglossum depauperatum Kranzl. Engler, Bot. Jahrb.
37: 391. 1906. Cyrtochilum depauperatum Kranzl. Notizbl. Bot.
Gart. Berl. 7: 98. 1917, nomen nudum, in key; Kranzl. Engler,
Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (Heft 80), 75, fig. 8D, a-c. 1922.
Plant large, slender, epiphytic, apparently with an abbreviated rhizome. Pseu-
dobulbs aggregated, ellipsoid-cylindric ("linear"), unifoliate, up to 4 cm. long,
surrounded below by 4 or 5 pairs of distichous, imbricating, conduplicate, mostly
leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves linear or oblong-linear, acute or short-acuminate,
narrowed below to a conduplicate base (the lamina on the pseudobulb with an
elongate, narrow, basal portion), up to 20 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide. Scape lateral,
axillary, very long, much surpassing the leaves, over 94 cm. in length; peduncle
with few, very short, tubular-infundibuliform sheaths; panicle elongate, about
57 cm. long, very loosely paniculate, with many short, distichous, simple or com-
pound branches which are several- to many-flowered, the floral axes being lightly
fractiflex. Flowers very small, with widely spreading or reflexed segments, pale
dull yellowish spotted with brown. Sepals obovate-oblong, short-clawed, shortly
acute, about 4.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, the lateral sepals more or less oblique,
carinate without. Petals about equally long with the sepals but markedly broader,
subspatulate, about 2.5 mm. wide. Lip sessile, 3-lobed, about 3.5 mm. long and
scarcely 2 mm. wide at the base; lateral lobes semiorbicular, membranaceous, re-
flexed; mid-lobe linear, excavated (cymbiform), obtuse; disc having a fleshy, some-
what wrinkled callus at the base with 2 globose warts in front. Column very short,
with rather broad, acute wings.
Amazonas: East of Chachapoyas, between Tambo Ragazan and
Almirante, 2700-2800 meters, in dense woods consisting of high trees
and low shrubs, Weberbauer 4443-
In the Ames Herbarium there is a photograph of the type.
Odontoglossum digitatum C. Schweinf. Am. Orch. Soc. Bull.
14: 208, t., 1945. Figure 164.
Plant epiphytic, medium-sized, apparently with an abbreviated rhizome. Pseu-
dobulb complanate-ovoid or pyriform, bifoliate, about 4.6 cm. high, surrounded
below by 3 pairs of distichous, imbricated, conduplicate sheaths of which the two
nt ILLl
812 FIELDI ANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
uppermost bear relatively small, oblong, sessile leaf-blades. Leaves (on the pseudo-
bulb) oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, acute, more or less long-narrowed to a slender,
conduplicate base, 16-17.8 cm. long, up to 2 cm. wide. Scape lateral, basal in the
axil of the uppermost sheath, arcuate above; peduncle stout, apparently compla-
nate, about 17 cm. high, with a single close, tubular sheath above; flower-cluster
very loosely 8-flowered, simply racemose except for a short, lateral, 2-flowered
branch at the base, lightly fractiflex. Flowers medium-sized for the genus, pale
yellow with brown lines. Perianth segments spreading. Dorsal sepal oblong-
elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, concave, acute or subacuminate, about 2.6 cm. long
and 9 mm. wide. Lateral sepals mostly free (connate only near the base), elliptic-
oblong, lightly oblique, acute or subacuminate, slightly longer and narrower than
the dorsal sepal. Petals lanceolate-elliptic, acuminate, mucronate, lightly oblique,
a little shorter and sometimes narrower than the dorsal sepal. Lip somewhat
shorter than the sepals, with the sides of the anterior part incurved in natural
position, rhombic-obovate in outline from a slender, cuneate base, about 2.4 cm.
long and 1.8 cm. wide, sharply 3-lobed (with overlapping lobules) near the apex,
truncate-retuse and sharply mucronate at the tip; anterior portion (mid-lobe)
transversely oval-oblong, about 6.2 mm. long and nearly 1.3 cm. wide when ex-
panded; disc with a fleshy callus (extending from the base nearly to the middle),
4-lobed or 3-lobed near the middle with the mid-lobe deeply bilobed, each of the
4 lobules digitately 2-divided. Column short, stout, lightly recurved, terminating
in a large, 3-lobed clinandrium of which the middle lobule is broad and lacerate-
dentate and the lateral lobules triangular-lanceolate, about 11.8 mm. high at the
back including the deep clinandrium.
Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillahuata, 3200 meters, in rain-
forest, Vargas 3040.
Odontoglossum epidendroides HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 351,
t. 85. 1816; Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 1: 59, t. 22, fig. II, 1, 2. 1854;
Cogn. Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 6: 254. 1905. Oncidium epidendroides
Beer, Prakt. Stud. Orch. 285. 1854.
Plant large, epiphytic. Pseudobulb oblong-ovoid or ellipsoid, strongly com-
pressed, bifoliate, 5-6 cm. long, surrounded below by one or several pairs of dis-
tichous, commonly leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves oblong-elliptic to narrowly
oblanceolate ("lanceolate"), more or less acute, long-narrowed below, 17.8-30 cm.
long, 2-3 cm. wide. Scape lateral, basal, in the axil of a sheath, stout, about
45 cm. or less high, erect below, rather flexuous above, terminated by a very
loose, several-flowered raceme. Pedicellate ovary elongate, arcuate, 3.5-5 cm.
long, much surpassing the bract. Flowers large, with widely spreading segments.
Sepals and petals yellow with 3 purplish spots, of which the middle one is very
large. Sepals similar, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate ("lanceolate"), short-acuminate,
lightly undulate, the lateral sepals slightly oblique, 3.5-3.7 cm. long, 6-7 mm.
wide. Petals similar to the sepals, acute, subequally long but slightly wider than
the sepals, suboblique. Lip somewhat shorter than the sepals, white; claw linear,
erect and parallel to the column, 9-11 mm. long; lamina abruptly reflexed, oblong
or elliptic-oblong, obtuse or subobtuse, crenate-undulate or serrulate, 13-16 mm.
long, 6-7 mm. wide; disc through the lower half with a linear-oblong callus produced
into 2 acute, flattened teeth separated by a much shorter tooth, and with 1-3 mi-
ODONTOGL^CXSSUM
FIG 164. Odontoglossum digitatum C, Schweinf. 1, plant; X %. 2, dorsal
sepal; X 1M- 3, petal; X 1 1 A- 4, lateral sepal; X 1 1 A> 5, lip and column from
side; X \ 1 A- 6, lip, spread out; X 1M-
813
814 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
nute, dentiform calli on each side below. Column slender, clavate, incurved above,
with a pair of semiorbicular, sometimes bilobed, auricles above, 18-19 mm. long!
Prov. of Bracamoros: Between the Amazon River and the city of
Jaen, 480 meters, in rather warm locality, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.
Amazonas, Junin, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih 9- 170
1921.
No example of this species was available.
Odontoglossum flavescens Rolfe, Orch. Rev. 12: 92. 1904.
This is an obscure species, since there is no description of the
vegetative parts and a very indefinite description of the floral seg-
ments. Accordingly, it is not entered in the key.
A photograph of the type in the Ames Herbarium furnishes, to-
gether with the original description, the following skeleton diagnosis:
Plant large. Pseudobulbs apparently fusiform, bifoliate, about 8 cm. long.
Leaf linear-lorate, acute, about 52 cm. long and 2.4 cm. wide. Inflorescence panic-
ulate, that in the specimen illustrated showing 2 divaricate branches about 5 cm.
apart, each one loosely 5-flowered. Flowers secund, with the slender pedicellate
ovary up to 2 cm. long. Floral segments small, elliptic-oblong, subconnivent,
about 1 cm. long, clear yellow. "Lip rounded below, with an oblong obtuse apex,
and a very large and prominent two-lobed crest, which is appressed to the column
at the base."
Peru and Ecuador: Habitat not cited, introduced by Messrs.
F. Sander & Company.
Odontoglossum fractiflexum Kranzl. Engler, Bot. Jahrb 37-
390. 1906.
Plant large, apparently with an abbreviated rhizome. Pseudobulbs narrowly
cylindric, subcompressed, unifoliate, up to 8 cm. high, entirely concealed in youth
by 5 or 6 pairs of distichous, imbricating, conduplicate sheaths of which the upper
ones are successively longer and bear larger leaf-blades. Leaves linear-oblanceolate,
acute or short-acuminate, long-narrowed below with a conduplieate sessile base,
up to 40 cm. long and 2 cm. wide (those on the sheaths shorter and less narrowed
below). Scape lateral, basal, in the axil of a sheath, somewhat longer than the
leaves, up to 50 cm. in length, bearing through the upper half a loose panicle which
is about 26 cm. long in natural position, the rachis (especially of the few-flowered
branches) very strongly fractiflex. Pedicellate ovary slender, elongate, much ex-
ceeding the minute bracts. Flowers yellow, with widely spreading segments, the
sepals and petals lightly undulate on the margins, with a recurved apex. Dorsal
sepal elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, concave, 1.6-
2 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar, appearing somewhat longer. Petals lanceolate-
elliptic, flat, similar to the sepals but slightly shorter and wider, apparently
dark-lined. Lip oblong-pandurate, with the narrower basal portion subparallel
to the column, shortly acute, about 1.8 cm. or less long and 8 mm. wide near the
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 815
front- disc below with a pair of rather high keels passing into 3 subequal teeth
toward the apex and with a short keel or large tooth between the keels. Column
angled slightly above the middle, wingless.
Puno: Between Sandia and Cuyocuyo, 2500-2800 meters, on cliffs
and on trees, Weberbauer 871 .
In the Ames Herbarium there is a photograph of the type.
Odontoglossum graminifolium C. Schweinf. Am. Orch. Soc.
Bull. 15: 30, t., 1946. Figure 165.
Plant slender, epiphytic, about 28 cm. high. Pseudobulbs rudimentary, uni-
foliate, entirely concealed by several pairs of distichous, conduphcate, leaf-bearing
sheaths of which the inner ones are much larger with larger blades. Leaves linear,
acuminate, gradually narrowed below to a more or less elongate, conduphcate base,
up to 25 5 cm. long and 9 mm. wide (leaf on the pseudobulb), the outer blades very
short Scapes lateral, in the axils of sheaths, gently arcuate, about 25 cm. or less
long- peduncle slender, with about 4 very small, tubular or infundibuliform sheaths;
raceme loosely 7-flowered, about 6 cm. long. Flowers very small for the genus,
yellow with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal oblong-oblanceolate, acute, mucro-
nate concave below, 7-7.6 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide. Lateral sepals linear-
oblanceolate, subparallel and connate near the base, acute, mucronate, longitudi-
nally concave, carinate, somewhat longer and slightly narrower than the dorsal
sepal Petals broadly and obliquely oblong, acute, distinctly shorter and wider
than the dorsal sepal. Lip with the lower portion (to above the middle) erect and
parallel to the column and the anterior part abruptly reflexed, ovate-lanceolate in
outline concave at the base, rounded or subtruncate and minutely apiculate at
the apex, about 8 mm. long and 4.5-5.6 mm. wide near the base when expanded;
disc with a large, median, sulcate callus extending to above the middle and termi-
nating in a pair of free, ovoid apices. Column very short and stout, clavate, about
3.5 mm. high at the back, with a pair of large porrect, semiovate wings which are
indented near the apex.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, "alturas de Pintobamba," 2700
meters, Vargas 3257.
Odontoglossum Hallii Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23: sub t. 1992. 1837;
Fol Orch. Odontoglossum 3, no. 6. 1852; Batem. Monog. Odonto-
glossum t. 21. 1874; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 102: t. 6237. 1876.
Plant large, variable, epiphytic, with an abbreviated rhizome. Pseudobulbs
ovoid or oblong-ovoid, strongly compressed, unifoliate or bifoliate, 5-10 cm. long,
surrounded below by 2 or 3 pairs of distichous, leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves ellip-
tic-oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, 13.7 to over 30 cm. long, 1.9-4.5 cm. wide,
acute, more or less narrowed to a conduplicate, often petiole-like base. Scape
lateral in the axil of a sheath, more or less surpassing the leaves; peduncle with a
few remote, short, tubular-infundibuliform sheaths; flower-cluster commonly ra-
cemose, rarely somewhat branched, loosely 4- to 20-flowered, 30-90 cm. tall, with
the rachis more or less fractiflex. Flowers large, with widely spreading segments.
Sepals and petals yellow with spots and blotches of purplish brown; lip white with a
816 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
few dark spots and a large yellow crest. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate
or "ovate-lanceolate," long-acuminate, concave, 3.6-5.5 cm. long, about 1.2 cm. or
less wide. Lateral sepals similar, often somewhat larger, oblique. Petals similar
to the lateral sepals, but shorter and often broader, obliquely ovate-lanceolate.
Lip shorter than the petals in natural position, with the short, narrow claw erect
and parallel to the column; lamina pandurate-oblong, the anterior portion lacerate-
dentate, abruptly mucronate and markedly broader than the crenulate basal por-
tion; disc at the base with a large crest consisting of several multifimbriate keels.
Column strongly arcuate, about 1.6-1.9 cm. long at the back, 2-winged above with
the wings divided into narrow teeth or tendrils.
Peru[?] : Valley of Lloa, about 2400 meters, Hall s.n. Also Colom-
bia and Ecuador (type).
Odontoglossum Harryanum Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. n. ser.,
26: 486. 1886; Warn. & Will. Orch. Alb. 8: t. 366. 1889; Cogn. &
Goos. Diet. Icon. Orch. Odontoglossum t. 11. 1897.
Plant large. Pseudobulbs approximate, oblong-ovoid to pyriform, 6-8 cm.
long, bifoliate, clothed at the base on each side by 2 or 3 sheaths of which the inner
ones are leaf-bearing. Leaves narrowly oblong to oblong-elliptic, acute to obtuse,
gradually narrowed below to a more or less distinct, channelled petiole, those
on the pseudobulb (which are the largest) up to 44 cm. long (including the peti-
ole), 2.5-4 cm. wide. Scape up to 1 m. high, racemose above, several- to many-
flowered. Flowers rather large, variable in size and color, pale brown to chestnut-
brown, petals and lip at the base with purple lines on a white ground and the large
apical part of the lip white, all parts more or less undulate. Dorsal sepal elliptic-
oblong to subelliptic, more or less acute, about 4.5 cm. long, 1.3- nearly 2.5 cm.
wide. Lateral sepals similar, lightly oblique. Petals elliptic-oblong to narrowly
elliptic, acute, lightly oblique, more or less smaller than the sepals. Lip about
equaling or slightly exceeding the sepals, from a stout, basally auriculate claw
abruptly dilated into an ovate-pandurate or lightly 3-lobed lamina, the sides in-
curved and the anterior portion subcordate to suborbicular and abruptly acute to
obtuse; disc with a prominent yellow crest which is lacerate or fimbriate in front.
Column relatively small, 1.2-1.7 cm. long, with a pair of small dentate wings above.
Junfn: Prov. of Tarma, Utcuyacu, 1900 meters, on a rotten tree
trunk in low forest, Woytkowski 35352. Also Colombia (type).
Odontoglossum Hennisii Rolfe, Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 10: 158.
1891.
Pseudobulbs densely aggregated, oblong-ovoid, subcompressed, about 4 cm.
long. Leaves oblanceolate-linear, acute, 10.2-15.2 cm. long, up to 2.1 cm. wide.
Scape about 20 cm. long, loosely 6-flowered. Pedicellate ovary about 2.5 cm. long,
five times as long as the subtending bract. Flowers rather large, with spreading
segments. Sepals similar, lanceolate, acuminate, about 2.6 cm. long, yellow with
a large brown area near the base and also about the middle. Petals somewhat
smaller, yellow with brown spots and lines. Lip free, white with red-brown spots
and blotches; claw about 4 mm. long; lamina spreading, 3-lobed, about 2.1 cm.
OD ONTTOGLCtS.SUM
or am i
FIG 165. Odontoglossum graminifolium C. Schweinf . 1, plant; X %. 2, flower
from side; X 4. 3, dorsal sepal; X 4. 4, petal; X 4. 5, lateral sepal; X 4. 6, lip
and column from side; X 4. 7, lip from above, spread out; X 5H-
817
818 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
long and 1.7 cm. broad; lateral lobes rounded, denticulate; mid-lobe triangular-
ovate, long-acuminate; disc with numerous slender, somewhat branched filaments
from 2 to 5 mm. long. Column clavate, about 1.5 cm. high, yellowish-white with
brown wings, denticulate at the triangular, acute apex.
Peru or Ecuador, Hennis s.n. (sent to Messrs. Charlesworth,
Shuttleworth & Co. of Heaton, Bradford and Clapham).
No record of this species was available.
Odontoglossum Hrubyanum Reichb. f. Gard. Chron. ser. 3,
4: 234. 1888.
Plant medium-sized. Pseudobulb pyriform, compressed, bifoliate, about 5 cm.
high, surrounded below by one or more pairs of leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves ligu-
late, acute, about 22.7 cm. or less long. Inflorescence racemose above, laxly
5-flowered. Sepals and petals similar, cuneate-lanceolate, acute, apparently de-
flexed, dark sepia-brown or horse-chestnut color with a yellow apex. Lip clawed;
claw slender, adnate to the column at the base; lamina pandurate, subacute, dentic-
ulate on the deflexed sides, light ochre blotched with chestnut-brown near the base;
disc with a conspicuous basal, white, apically bidentate callus with a tooth ("api-
cule") on each side below and a swelling on each side at the very base. Column
arcuate, trigonous, with obscure, very narrow, crenulate wings.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Hubsch s.n. Introduced by Messrs.
F. Sander & Sons.
The description was taken from the original diagnosis.
Odontoglossum j immense Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 109.
, 1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 128, nr. 500. 1929.
Plant epiphytic, rather large, about 40 cm. high, with an abbreviated rhizome.
Pseudobulbs narrowly ovoid, strongly compressed, unifoliate or bifoliate, 4.5-
5.5 cm. long, surrounded on each side at the base by a leaf-bearing sheath. Leaves
linear-ligulate, acute, 22-30 cm. long, about 1-1.3 cm. wide in the middle, slightly
and gradually narrowed toward the base. Scape erect, arcuate above, about 40 cm.
long; peduncle slender, few-sheathed, 20-25 cm. long; raceme loosely several-
(about 8-) flowered. Flowers rather large, greenish yellow with large brown spots.
Parts of the perianth widely spreading. Sepals similar, narrowly lanceolate, acumi-
nate, narrowed near the base, with the lateral ones oblique, about 3.5 cm. long and
7.5 mm. wide. Petals obliquely oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate,
markedly shorter and a little broader than the sepals. Lip clawed, about 1.6 cm.
long and 9 mm. wide above the middle; claw short, linear, erect and parallel to the
column, nearly 5 mm. long; lamina reflexed, from an oblong base abruptly dilated
into a subquadrate-ovate ("oval-oblong") lamina which is acute or short-acumi-
nate, with a serrulate, lightly undulate margin; disc below with a linear, depressed
callus which is thickened and 3-dentate in front and extended into a pair of short
bidentate lamellae, and with a small bidentate callus on each side near the base.
Column lightly arcuate, about 1.4 cm. high, lightly auriculate-lobulate on the sides
of the stigma.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 819
Junin: On the mountains of Janangu, east of Huacapistana, 2300-
2400 meters, in damp mossy woods, Weberbauer 2120.
No material of this species was seen.
Odontoglossum lacerum Lindl. Sert. Orch. sub t. 25. 1838;
Fol. Orch. Odontoglossum 19, no. 54. 1852.
Plant rather large. Pseudobulb ellipsoid, complanate, unif oliate about 3.2 cm.
high, surrounded below by about 3 pairs of distichous, leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves
linear-oblong to elliptic-oblong, acute, narrowed below to a slender, channelled
petiole; lamina about 12 cm. or less long and 1.4-1.8 cm. wide; P^e about 3 cm.
Jong Scape lateral, basal in the axil of a sheath, much surpassing the leaves, terrm
nated by a slender, very loosely several- (about 10-) flowered raceme , w hic * ha
a single short branch at the base of the flower-cluster. Flowers rather large, bright
"emon-yellow with one or two large brown blotches on the spreading segment^
Se7a*s and petals similar, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate with incurved
tips, about 2.9 cm. long and 8.5 mm. wide, the lateral sepals and **"?
oblique Lip markedly shorter than the other segments in natural position, claw
narrow, erecLnd parallel to the column; lamina reflexed-spreading ovate or ova^e-
lanceolate, concave, irregularly lacerate-dentate, cus P'date in f ront , disc at the
base with a crest consisting of fimbriate lamellae of which ^e \wo front one are
subulate. Column slender, more or less arcuate above, about 1.3 cm. long, wit!
pair of short, porrect, subtruncate auricles near the apex.
Huanuco: Cassapi (Casapi), Mathews 1867 (type).-Loreto, fide
Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 170. 1921.
No example of this species was accessible, but a drawing from the
Lindley Herbarium was examined.
Odontoglossum longifolium Lindl. Benth. PI. Hartw. 152.
1844' Fol Orch. Odontoglossum 14, no. 39. 1852. Cyrtochilum longi-
folium Kranzl. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. 7: 98. 1917, nomen nndum,
in key; Kranzl. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (Heft 80), 79, fig. 8J, a-c.
1922
Plant large, slender. Pseudobulb pyriform-cylindric, compressed, unif oliate,
about 6 cm. high, surrounded below by two or more pairs of distichous, imbricat-
ing, conduplicate, leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute or shor
acuminate, gradually long-narrowed below with a conduphcate, petiole-like base
up to about 35 cm. long and 2.3 cm. wide. Scape lateral, basal in the axil of a
sheath slender, much surpassing the leaves, about 56 cm. tall; peduncle arcuate,
with several very short, close sheaths, about 30 cm. long; flower-cluster an erect,
very loose, few-branched panicle, with the short, fractiflex branches erect-ascend-
ing Bracts minute, squamiform, much exceeded by the slender pedicellate ovaries
Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-spatulate, acute, with a slender base (thus clawed), about
9 mm long and 3 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar but somewhat longer and
narrower with a longer claw, oblique. Petals similar to the dorsal sepal but some-
what shorter. Lip geniculate in the middle, with the lower half erect and paralle
820 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
to the column and the anterior half reflexed, oblong-lanceolate when expanded,
acute, bilamellate below with the tips of the lamellae free, diverging and ear-like.
Column small, abruptly clavate above, with a pair of very small, falcate-oblong
wings.
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 171. 1921.
Ecuador (type).
In the Ames Herbarium there is a photograph of the type in the
Reichenbach Herbarium.
Odontoglossum longipes Reichb. f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 100.
1854; Reichb. f. Walp. Ann. 6: 837. 1864. Cyrtochilum longipes
Kranzl. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. 7: 99. 1917, nomen nudum, in key;
Kranzl. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (Heft 80), 84, fig. 9B, a, b. 1922.
Plant rather large. Pseudobulbs broadly ellipsoid and unifoliate (according
to Kranzlin), surrounded on each side by several (5-7) conduplicate, imbricating,
leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves not described. Scape (incomplete) undoubtedly
elongate, stout, paniculate above, with the uppermost internodes very short;
branches slender, abbreviated or up to 20 cm. long (Kranzlin), strongly fracti-
flex. Bracts minute, triangular-cucullate. Pedicellate ovary up to 2.7 cm. long,
nearly ten times as long as the subtending bract. Flowers small, yellowish, carti-
laginous. Sepals carinate on the back. Dorsal sepal cuneate-oblong or obovate,
concave, apiculate, 8-9 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide. Lateral sepals a little longer
and narrower, elliptic-oblanceolate, acute, longer-clawed than the dorsal sepal.
Petals oblong-rhombic or rhombic-obovate, obtuse, slightly smaller than the dor-
sal sepal. Lip rhombic to ovate-lanceolate, subentire to very obscurely 3-lobed
near the middle with rounded lateral lobes, obtuse, about 8-9 mm. long, up to
5.2 mm. wide when expanded; disc through the lower half with one sulcate keel
or two approximate keels ending in thick, diverging lamellae with a small tooth
between them. Column dwarf, broadly margined on each side throughout-
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz s.n. (type). Piura: Ca-
mino Piura to Huancabamba, El Tambo, about 3000 meters, terres-
trial, Scolnik 1414>
Odontoglossum megalophium Lindl. Orch. Linden. 15, no. 83.
1846; Fol. Orch. Odontoglossum 14, no. 41. 1852. Oncidium mega-
lophium Beer, Prakt. Stud. Orch. 289. 1854. Cyrtochilum megalo-
phium Kranzl. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. 7: 98. 1917, nomen nudum,
in key; Kranzl. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (Heft 80), 78. 1922.
Plant rather large, epiphytic. Pseudobulbs broadly ellipsoid, ribbed on the
sides, surrounded on each side by several distichous, imbricating, conduplicate,
leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves long-petioled; lamina oblong-lanceolate, 35 cm. or
more long, about 3 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, long-narrowed below; petiole
about 16 cm. long, very slender, channelled. Scape lateral in the axil of a sheath,
elongate, much surpassing the leaves, terminated by an elongate panicle having the
branches remote (the lower branches again branched), with a fractiflex rachis.
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 821
Bracts very small, triangular, spreading. Pedicellate ovary slender, up to 1.2 cm.
long. Flowers numerous, very small, yellow. Dorsal sepal spatulate, obtuse or
rounded at the apex, often apiculate, concave, 4-5 mm. long, about 2.5 mm. wide.
Lateral sepals similar, longer and longer-clawed than the dorsal sepal. Petals obo-
vate-spatulate, rounded and apiculate at the apex, not clawed, a little shorter than
the dorsal sepal and markedly broader. Lip shorter than the lateral sepals, re-
curved in the middle, ovate or subcordate-ovate, obtuse or subacute, keeled beneath
near the apex, 4-5 mm. long; disc through the lower half with a pair of apically con-
verging, high keels which are lobed above. Column very short, clavate, wingless.
"Peru," fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 171. 1921.
Colombia and Venezuela (type).
Odontoglossum melanthes Reichb. f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 100.
1854. Cyrtochilum melcmthus Kranzl. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. 7:
98. 1917, nomen nudum, in key; Kranzl. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 50
(Heft 80), 80. 1922.
Pseudobulbs and leaves unknown. Scape stout, paniculate above with short,
few- (about 4-) flowered branches, the rachis flexuous. Bracts very small, ochreate,
acute, equaling about a ninth of the slender pedicellate ovary. Flowers small, dark
purple with a whitish yellow lip. Dorsal sepal obovate-spatulate ("elliptic and
clawed"), abruptly acute or apiculate. Lateral sepals subsimilar, longer-clawed.
Petals obliquely oblong-cuneate, acute. Lip [lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate],
3-lobed in the middle; lateral lobes antrorsely rhombic; mid-lobe from a rather
broad base, slightly dilated, then triangular (thus trapezoid); disc with 2 con-
tiguous keels slightly diverging at the apex. Column very short, broadly winged
on each side [throughout].
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Warscewicz s.n.
This diagnosis is a translation of the original description. The
only available material of this concept, which bears the designation
"Odontgl. melanthes Rchb. f. & Wzw." in Reichenbach's handwrit-
ing, shows a fragment of a panicle with compound branches about
8 cm. distant, and flowers inseparable from those of Odontoglossum
longipes Reichb. f. & Warsc. Suspicion points to the synonymy of
these species.
Odontoglossum microthyrsus Kranzl. Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 37:
390. 1906.
Plant relatively small, with an abbreviated rhizome, about 13 cm. high. Roots
very stout for the plant. Pseudobulbs approximate, oblong-cylindric ("oblong-
linear"), slender or stout, compressed, unifoliate, up to 2 cm. long, surrounded
below by 3 pairs of distichous, imbricating, conduplicate sheaths which are com-
monly leaf-bearing. Leaves all similar, oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute, narrowed
to a sessile (on the pseudobulb shortly petioled), conduplicate base, 5-6 cm. long,
l-1.2"cm. wide. Scapes lateral, basal, in the axil of sheaths, commonly about twice
as long as the leaves, about 12 cm. or less long; peduncle slender, about 7.5 cm. or
822 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
less long, with one or more short, close sheaths; flower-cluster commonly loosely
paniculate (when well-developed) with a single short branch at the base, loosely
several- (up to 10-) flowered. Flowers small, with undulate segments, brown-
violet with the lateral lobes of the lip and column white. Dorsal sepal suborbicular,
clawed below, concave, about 5 mm. long and broad. Lateral sepals oblanceolate-
oblong, subacute, a little longer and much narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals
suborbicular, clawed below, very similar to the dorsal sepal. Lip 3-lobed, about
4.5 mm. long and 3.5 mm. wide near the base; lateral lobes rounded, membrana-
ceous; mid-lobe broadly linear, lightly bilobed at the apex; disc at the base with
3 calli of which the middle one is oblong and is surrounded on each side by a shin-
ing, excavated tubercle. Column very short.
Junin: Prov. of Tarma, mountains east of Palca, 2700-3000 me-
ters, on steppe with scattered shrubs and numerous grasses, Weber-
bauer 2447.
Description amplified by a photograph of the type in the Ames
Herbarium.
Odontoglossum mul tistellare Reichb. f . Linnaea 41 : 25. 1876.
Plant large. Vegetative parts not recorded. Scape tall, stout, terminated by
a rather narrow panicle about 44 cm. long, with subremote, ascending, few- (6- or
less) flowered branches. Flowers rather large, numerous, with spreading segments,
straw-color adorned with brown lines. Pedicellate ovary slender, 2-2.7 cm. long,
many times exceeding the small, lanceolate, cucullate bracts. Sepals and petals
very similar, lanceolate, acuminate or long-acuminate, about 2.5-3 cm. long and
6-8 mm. wide. Lip slightly shorter than the other segments; claw broad, thick-
ened, subparallel to the column; lamina 3-lobed, hastate-triangular or very broadly
ovate in outline, abruptly narrowed to form a long-cuspidate or triangular-lobulate,
crenulate-serrulate termination; disc at the base with 4 keels of which the outer
are 2-divided (into filiform tubercles) and the inner keels 3- to 4-divided (into sim-
ilar tubercles). Column less than half as long as the sepals, terminated by a trifid,
cucullate apex, the lateral lobes falcate and the middle one broad and serrulate at
the apex, with an arm on each side of the stigmatic cavity.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Pearce s.n.
There is a drawing of this species from the Reichenbach Her-
barium in the Ames Herbarium.
Odontoglossum myanthum Lindl. Benth. PL Hartw. 152.
1844; Fol. Orch. Odontoglossum 13, no. 38. 1852. Cyrtochilum myan-
thum Kranzl. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. 7: 98. 1917, nomen nudum,
in key; Kranzl. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (Heft 80), 77, fig. 8F, a-e.
1922.
Plant large, rather slender. Pseudobulb obscure, elongate-cylindric, unifoliate,
up to 10 cm. long according to Kranzlin, entirely concealed by 2 or 3 pairs of dis-
tichous, imbricating, conduplicate, leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves oblong-lanceolate
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 823
or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, more or less narrowed below to a con-
duplicate base (that on the pseudobulb very long-narrowed below, about 45 cm.
long and 2.7 cm. wide), the blades on the sheaths successively smaller outward.
Inflorescences lateral, in the axil of a sheath, nearly twice as long as the leaves,
about 66 cm. or more long, very loosely and narrowly panicled nearly to the base;
branches horizontal, commonly branched and fractiflex in age, about 5 cm. or less
distant. Bracts minute, triangular-ovate, much shorter than the slender pedicel-
late ovary. Flowers very small, brownish or dull purple, with spreading segments.
Dorsal sepal oblong-oblanceolate, acute, concave, about 5-6 mm. long. Lateral
sepals narrowly oblanceolate, acute, apparently distinctly longer and narrower
than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblanceolate, acute, somewhat shorter and nar-
rower than the dorsal sepal. Lip strongly reflexed near the middle, with the basal
portion erect and parallel to the column, elliptic-lanceolate and scarcely 5 mm. long
when expanded, acute; disc below with 2 lines or crests which are slightly thick-
ened in front. Column short, very stout, with a pair of minute, lanceolate-
subulate, erect wings near the apex.
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 171. 1921.
Ecuador (type).
In the Ames Herbarium there is a photograph of the type.
Odontoglossum myrianthum Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 1: 189,
t. 68, fig. II, 4, 5. 1856. Cyrtochilum myrianthum Kranzl. Notizbl.
Bot. Gart. Berl. 7: 99. 1917, nomen nudum, in key; Kranzl. Engler,
Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (Heft 80), 82. 1922.
Vegetative parts lacking. Inflorescence several- to many-flowered, loosely
paniculate above, with the lower branches flexuous and few-flowered and the upper
portion racemose. Bracts minute, triangular, many times shorter than the slen-
der pedicellate ovary. Parts of the flower spreading. Sepals obovate or spatulate-
obovate, rounded to subacute at the apex, 4.5-5 mm. long, about 1.75 mm. wide.
Petals oblong-obovate, rounded at the apex, with a broad (sessile) base, a little
wider than the sepals. Lip with the basal portion appressed to the column, re-
flexed above, triangular-ovate in outline, lightly 3-lobed below the middle, about
3.5 mm. long; lateral lobes basal, semiorbicular; mid-lobe much larger, porrect,
ligulate- triangular, subacute; disc with a fleshy, carinate callus (between the lat-
eral lobes) which is sulcate above and has a semiorbicular papilla on each side at
its apex. Column very short, stout, wingless.
Peru: Palca (Pavon Herbarium).
No example of this species was available.
Odontoglossum mystacinum (Lindl.) Lindl. Fol. Orch. Odon-
toglossum 6, no. 14. 1852. Cyrtochilum mystacinum Lindl. Bot. Reg.
24, Misc. 30, no. 38. 1838; Bot. Reg. 25: t. 62. 1839. Odontoglossum
rigidum Lindl. Benth. PI. Hartw. 152. 1844; Fol. Orch. Odontoglos-
sum 7, no. 17. 1852. Oncidium rigidum Beer, Prakt. Stud. Orch. 290.
1854.
824 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
Plant large. Pseudobulbs pyriform or "oval," compressed, unifoliate, about
3.5 cm. high, surrounded by several distichous, conduplicate, leaf -bearing sheaths.
Leaves ligulate (rarely elliptic-oblong), acute, carinate, apparently about 15 cm.
or less long and up to 1.6 cm. wide. Inflorescence much surpassing the leaves,
loosely paniculate above. Floral bracts lanceolate, navicular, acuminate, sphace-
late, up to 1.5 cm. long, about half as long as the pedicellate ovary. Flowers
2.5-3.5 cm. distant, yellow, medium-sized. Sepals widely spreading. Dorsal sepal
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, concave, about 1.5 cm. long and 5 mm. wide. Lateral
sepals lanceolate or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, slightly longer and narrower than
the dorsal sepal, apparently free or nearly so. Petals very similar to the dorsal
sepal but somewhat broader. Lip with the base applied to the column, distinctly
clawed below; claw linear; lamina obovate from a cordate base, slightly pandurate,
with a prominent, recurved, apiculate apex, about 2 cm. long when expanded and
1.2 cm. wide where broadest; disc bilamellate on the claw, with several teeth in
front of the keels. Column small, clavate, with a pair of irregularly lacerate wings
at the apex.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Harrison s.n. (type of Cyrtochilum
mystacinum). Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 168, sub Odonto-
glossum rigidum. Also Ecuador (type of 0. rigidum).
The description was chiefly prepared from the plate of Cyrtochi-
lum mystacinum cited, no material being available.
This taxon appears to be very similar to Oncidium aureum Lindl.,
but has a lip with a deflexed apex and a prominent apicule.
Odontoglossum obscurum C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 14: 67. 1949. Mesospinidium Wallisii Reichb. f.
Linnaea 41 : 106. 1876, not Odontoglossum Wallisii Linden & Reichb.
f. (1870).
Plant slender, delicate, growing on rocks, about 25 cm. high. Rhizome appar-
ently abbreviated. Pseudobulbs aggregated, ovoid to cylindric, complanate, uni-
foliate, 1-2.5 cm. high, surrounded and often surpassed by 2 or 3 pairs of distichous,
leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves linear, subobtuse to acute, more or less narrowed to
a conduplicate base, 10-20.4 cm. long, 5.5-12 mm. wide. Scape lateral, basal in
the axil of a sheath, distinctly surpassing the leaves, arcuate-spreading; peduncle
slender, about 21-50 cm. long, with 3 to 6 very small and close, tubular-infundibuli-
form sheaths; panicle either short, 9- to 10-flowered, about 5 cm. long with few
branches above or relatively elongate, loosely many-flowered and up to 25 cm.
long; rachis lightly fractiflex. Flowers small, rather fleshy, with spreading seg-
ments. Dorsal sepal obovate-spatulate from a narrow base, abruptly acute or
apiculate, about 6.7 mm. or less long and 3.8 mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely
spatulate or oblong-spatulate, acute, carinate, distinctly longer and narrower than
the dorsal sepal. Petals variable, obliquely oblanceolate to oblong-obovate, apicu-
late, shorter and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Lip with the basal half erect and
parallel to the column in natural position with the anterior half abruptly reflexed,
obtuse or slightly retuse at the apex, ovate-oblong, oblong-elliptic or "oblong-
ligulate" when expanded, lightly retuse in the middle of each side, about 6 mm.
long; disc with a linear, sulcate callus extending through the lower hah" and ending
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 825
in 2 free teeth or lobules. Column very short and stout, broadly winged on each
side throughout, the wings ending in a blunt triangular tooth.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Wallis s.n. (type of Mesospinidium
Wallisii).Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2040 meters,
on rocks, Vargas 3373.
Odontoglossum praestans Reichb. f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 99.
1854; Rolfe, Lindenia 7: 71, t. 322. 1892; Orch. Rev. 23: 156, fig. 14.
1915.
Plant showy, variable. Rhizome apparently abbreviated. Pseudobulbs ovoid
or pyriform-cylindric, often aggregated, subcompressed, about 6 cm. or less long,
bifoliate, mottled with purplish brown, surrounded by 3 or 4 pairs of distichous,
imbricating, conduplicate sheaths of which the upper ones bear successively larger
leaves. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, abruptly acute and apiculate, more or less
narrowed to a sessile or shortly petioled, conduplicate base, up to 23 cm. long,
1.4 cm. or more wide. Scapes lateral in the axils of sheaths, equaling or exceeding
the leaves, above racemose (or with a large-branched panicle according to Reichen-
bach); peduncle (in the collection seen) 10-11 cm. high, with about 2 close, very
small, tubular sheaths; raceme short to long, rather densely few- (6-) to many-
(15-) flowered, about 10-30 cm. long. Flowers rather large, with widely spreading
segments, greenish yellow spotted with cinnamon-brown or purple. Dorsal sepal
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 2.9-3.6 (rarely 4.5) cm. long,
6-9 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, very slightly longer and narrower, some-
what falcate-incurved, dorsally carinate. Petals similar to the lateral sepals, lan-
ceolate or ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, lightly oblique, shorter and slightly
wider than the dorsal sepal. Lip simple, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, long-
acuminate, 2.5-2.7 cm. long; claw short, erect and parallel to the column, deeply
tubular-concave; lamina with a broadly cuneate or subtruncate base which is
9-10 mm. wide, gently recurved above; disc at the base (of the lamina) with 4
short, stout, longitudinal, irregularly dentate keels of which the inner pair is much
the larger. Column stout, 9-11 mm. high at the back, prominently angled in front
below the middle, with a pair of porrect, more or less elongate, decurved, irregu-
larly lacerate wings above, the most conspicuous portion being at the summit.
Peru: Amazonas [?] sources of the Maranon River, Warscewicz
s.n. (type). Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu to Sta. Rita,
2040 meters, on rocks, Vargas 3363.
In the Ames Herbarium are several records of the type.
Odontoglossum pusillum C. Schweinf. Am. Orch. Soc. Bull.
14: 340, t., 1946. Figure 166.
Plant small and slender for the genus, variable, growing on rocks. Rhizome
stout, creeping. Pseudobulbs usually aggregated, oblong-cylindric or rarely oblong-
ellipsoid, strongly compressed, unifoliate, about 2-6 cm. tall, surrounded below by
1 to 3 pairs of distichous, conduplicate, imbricating sheaths which are successively
larger above and commonly leaf-bearing. Leaves linear to linear-oblong, abruptly
826 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
rounded with a more or less obliquely bilobed apex, more or less narrowed to a con-
duplicate (often petiole-like) base, 2-19.2 cm. long, 4-10 mm. wide. Scapes lat-
eral, in the axils of sheaths surrounding the pseudobulbs, slightly shorter than the
leaves or much longer, 12-29 cm. long; peduncle complanate, up to 13 cm. long,
with a single, small, close, tubular sheath above the middle; inflorescence racemose
or paniculate with 1 or 2 short, strict branches near the base, loosely few- to many-
flowered, the rachis 1.5-18 cm. long. Floral bracts minute, many times shorter
than the slender pedicellate ovary. Flowers very small for the genus, with widely
spreading segments, yellow orange or greenish brown with whitish, yellow-dotted
lip. Dorsal sepal lightly recurved and tubular-involute in natural position, ob-
long-oblanceolate when expanded, acute at the thickened apex, 7-7.5 mm. long,
2.1-2.4 mm. wide. Lateral sepals connate into a tubular-concave, bilobed lamina
which is curved or lightly sigmoid when viewed from the side, markedly longer and
wider than the dorsal sepal, the terminal lobes ovate and acute or mucronate.
Petals obliquely oblanceolate or oblong-spatulate, falcate-incurved, acute, about
as large as the dorsal sepal. Lip divided into 2 parts; basal portion upright and
parallel to the column, oblong, angled or round-dilated and erect on each side at
the base, about 3 mm. or more long, almost entirely occupied by an oblong, fleshy
callus which is slightly dilated toward the 3-lobed apex, the middle lobe deeply
emarginate; anterior portion abruptly reflexed in course of development, reniform-
ovate or cordate-ovate when expanded, broadly rounded and often obscurely lob-
ulate in front with a minute apicule, truncate or subcordate at the base, 4.2-
4.8 mm. long, 5.2-6 mm. wide. Column stout, short, recurved, clavate, wingless,
3-3.5 mm. long at the back.
Cuzco: Prov. of Calca, Lares Valley above Man toe, 2500 meters,
Weberbauer 7916 (type). Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, 2060
meters, Vargas 3338.
Odontoglossum retusum Lindl. Benth. PI. Hartw. 152. 1844;
Fol. Orch. Odontoglossum 13, no. 36. 1852; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. 123:
t. 7569. 1897. Oncidium retusum Beer, Prakt. Stud. Orch. 290. 1854.
Cyrtochilum retusum Kranzl. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. 7: 99. 1917,
nomen, in key; Kranzl. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (Heft 80), 86. 1922.
Plant rather large, epiphytic or growing on rocks. Pseudobulbs ovoid to nar-
rowly ellipsoid, sometimes aggregated, subcompressed, unifoliate, about 2.5-5 cm.
long, surrounded below by 3 or 4 pairs of distichous, imbricating, conduplicate
sheaths which are successively larger and leaf-bearing upward. Leaves (the largest
on the pseudobulb) elliptic-linear to linear-oblanceolate, obtuse to subacute, grad-
ually narrowed below to a channelled, petioled base, up to 29 cm. long and about
2 cm. wide (those on the sheaths less narrowed below). Scape lateral, basal, in
the axil of a sheath, more or less exceeding the leaves; peduncle slender, about
23.5 cm. or more long, provided with about 3 remote, small, close, tubular sheaths;
inflorescence slender, loosely many-flowered, with few to several short, few-flowered
branches, the branches sometimes compound; rachis 12-30 cm. or more long.
Flowers rather small for the genus with spreading segments, orange-scarlet with a
golden yellow lip. Dorsal sepal broadly oblanceolate or narrowly obovate, acute,
deeply concave or subconduplicate, about 1.3-1.6 cm. long and 5.4 mm. wide when
expanded. Lateral sepals oblanceolate, lightly oblique, acute and apiculate, dor-
ODONTOGLO55UM
pusiCurn G.uc/iweinJ.
FIG 166. Odontoglossum pusillum C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X %. 2, flower in
natural position, oblique view; X 3^. 3, lip and column from side; X 4. 4, lip
spread out, from above; X 4.
827
828 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
sally carinate, somewhat longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals nar-
rowly oblong-obovate, acute, lightly oblique, distinctly shorter and narrower than
the dorsal sepal. Lip oblong-subquadrate, sessile, with the base suberect and
parallel to the column, recurved-spreading above, simple to obscurely 3-lobulate
with rounded basal lobules, subtruncate to retuse in front, apiculate, about 1 cm.
long and 7.6 mm. wide near the base; disc below with a sulcate callus or 2 approxi-
mate calli extending about to the middle. Column dwarf, very stout, about 3 mm.
high at the back, prominently margined on each side throughout.
Cajamarca, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 171. 1921.
Ecuador (type).
Odontoglossum revolutum Lindl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 15:
256. 1845; Fol. Orch. Odontoglossum 16, no. 45. 1852. Oncidium
revolutum Beer, Prakt. Stud. Orch. 290. 1854.
Plant large and robust, variable, with a stout, apparently creeping rhizome.
Pseudobulbs congested, apparently unifoliate, entirely concealed by about 4 pairs
of distichous, imbricated, conduplicate sheaths which are successively larger and
leaf -bearing upward; thus is formed a very stout and robust basal portion. Leaves
linear, rigid, abruptly obtuse, sessile, slightly narrowed at the conduplicate base,
up to 30 cm. or more long and 2.4 cm. wide when the strongly revolute sides are
expanded. Scape stout, lateral, in the axil of sheaths, much surpassing the leaves,
about 100 cm. tall in the type; peduncle about 79 cm. tall, with several (about 5 or
more) short, appressed, tubular sheaths. Inflorescence a compound, pyramidal
panicle about 30 cm. or less long, the branches more or less remote on the axis,
densely flowered. Bracts prominent, ovate or lanceolate, cucullate, spathaceous.
Flowers medium-sized, with spreading, recurved segments, apparently yellow.
Sepals conduplicate, with undulate margins, dorsally carinate especially the lat-
eral ones. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-elliptic when expanded, acuminate, clawed,
1.5-3 cm. long, 5.8-11 mm. wide. Lateral sepals very similar, slightly longer and
narrower. Petals lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, much shorter than
the dorsal sepal and slightly narrower than the lateral sepals. Lip recurved, with
the base erect and parallel to the column and the sides of the anterior portion erect
in natural position, lightly 3-lobed with a suborbicular basal portion and a lanceo-
late or oblong terminal portion, acute or acuminate, with a prominent mucro,
1.4-2 cm. long when expanded, 5.6-7 mm. wide below; disc with a conspicuous
pair of high, thin keels near the base, a much smaller keel in the center, and a group
of 2 or 3 filiform papillae on either side in front. Column small, wingless, about
5.5-8 mm. long at the back.
Junin, fide Schlechter, Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 171. 1921. Colom-
bia (type).
Odontoglossum ringens Reichb. f. Saund. Refug. Bot. 2: t. 99.
1878.
Plant large. Pseudobulb oblong-ovoid ("oblong"), complanate, bifoliate, ap-
parently about 12 cm. long, surrounded at the base by one or more pairs of short,
distichous, leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves narrowly oblong or "ligulate," elongate,
SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU 829
acute, apparently over 40 cm. long, about 2.5 cm. wide. Scape lateral, basal, ter-
minated by a long, loosely branched panicle of which the branches are short, f racti-
flex and rather densely few- (3- to 8-) flowered. Floral bracts minute many times
shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers medium-sized, with widely spreading
segments pale yellow with brown lines on the sepals and petals and violet lines on
the basal part of the lip. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute, about 2.3 cm. long
and 5 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, often with reflexed tips. Petals
elliptic-lanceolate ("oblong"), acute, oblique, undulate-margined, shorter and
wider than the sepals. Lip rhombic-pandurate, about as long as the petals, sub-
erect at the very base and recurved in front, quadrate below, then abruptly dilated
near the middle to form an ovate-triangular, acute or subacuminate apical portion;
disc at the base with a saddle-like callosity consisting of a pair of high, thin keels
which are dentate below and prolonged in front into 2 or 3 lobes or teeth and with
a small callose keel between them. Column small, clavate, about 8 mm. high,
with a pair of nearly obsolete, angulate wings above and 2 tooth-like blunt lo
in front of the stigmatic cavity.
Peru: Habitat not recorded, Pearce (Veitch's collector) s.n.
No material of this species was available.
Odontoglossum subuligerum Reichb. f. Linnaea 41: 27. 1876.
Plant large. Leaves lanceolate, acute. Scape slender, apparently over 35 cm.
long with several (4 or more) short, close, tubular, very distant sheaths. Inflores-
cence short, racemose, distantly few- (2- or 3-) flowered. Floral bracts much
shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Sepals similar, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
acuminate, about 3-3.5 cm. long and 8 mm. wide. Petals similar to the sepals,
slightly shorter. Lip shorter than the other segments, about 2.4 cm. long, with a
small linear claw which is adnate to the column at the base; lamina "oblong-
ligula'te" or obovate-oblong, dilated above, acute, plicate-denticulate in front; disc
at the base with 7 calli in 2 series on each side, the upper 4 filiform, the anterior ones
triangular-setaceous and runcinate at the back. Column arcuate, trigonous, about
1.5 cm. high, angled above the base, with a pair of wings which are rhombic at
the apex.
Peru: Habitat and collector not recorded.
No material of this taxon was available, but there is a record of
the type in the Ames Herbarium.
Odontoglossum tigroides C. Schweinf. Am. Orch. Soc. Bull. 14:
22, t., 1945. Figure 167.
Plant medium-sized, epiphytic, with an apparently abbreviated rhizome.
Pseudobulb narrowly ovoid to cylindric-pyriform, strongly complanate, bifoliate
or trifoliate, 3.5-5 cm. high, surrounded below by about 3 pairs of distichous,
deeply imbricating sheaths of which the upper pair bears small, conduphcate
blades. Leaves oblong to oblong-spatulate, abruptly rounded at the apex, grad-
ually narrowed below to a conduplicate, petiole-like base, 9-13 cm. long, 1.3-
1.7 cm. wide. Scapes lateral, basal in the axils of the inner sheaths, much exceeding
the leaves, 20.5-32 cm. long, suberect to spreading in youth, becoming arcuate or
830 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
pendent in age, one on either side of the pseudobulb; peduncle rather stout, com-
planate, 3-10 cm. long, with 1-3 remote, stout, infundibuliform sheaths; raceme
subdensely or loosely many-flowered, somewhat looser below, sometimes inter-
rupted in the middle by several sterile, imbricated, infundibuliform bracts; rachis
about 20 cm. or less long, becoming fractiflex in age. Floral bracts conspicuous,
broadly ovate, amplexicaul, equaling or slightly surpassing the pedicellate ovary.
Flowers racemose, small for the genus, fragrant, strongly distichous, with widely
spreading, fleshy segments; sepals and petals yellowish white with 2 broad, trans-
verse, brown-red bands, lip white with 2 brownish red dots. Sepals and petals with
the lower portions revolute-convex and the anterior parts recurved and undulate.
Dorsal sepal broadly obovate or suborbicular-obovate when expanded, broadly
rounded above with a minute apicule, up to 12.8 mm. long and 8.6 mm. wide when
expanded. Lateral sepals similar but a little longer and narrower, obovate-spatu-
late, broadly obtuse or subacute, suboblique. Petals obliquely oblong-obovate,
obtuse to rounded above, shorter than the dorsal sepal and narrower than either
sepal. Lip much smaller than the other segments, with the lower portion erect
and parallel to the column and the larger anterior part reflexed-spreading, lightly
3-lobed above the middle, about 8.8 mm. long in natural position; lateral lobes
semiorbicular, convex-re volute; mid-lobe much smaller, convex, broadly ovate
when expanded, abruptly narrowed near the middle to an acute tip; disc between
the lateral lobes with a pair of fleshy, ellipsoid, more or less indented, diverging
calli. Column short, stout, straight, about 5 mm. high at the back, with a pair of
conspicuous, falcate-semiovate wings at the summit.
Huanuco: Yanano, about 1800 meters, on mossy tree, Macbride
3840.
Odontoglossum trilobum Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 111.
1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 128, nr. 503. 1929.
Plant large, epiphytic, with a short rhizome. Pseudobulbs compressed, ovoid
or oblong-ovoid, bifoliate, 9-12 cm. tall, surrounded on each side by one or more
pairs of conduplicate, leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves narrowly oblong or lorate,
subobtuse, gradually narrowed below to a conduplicate, petiole-like base, up to
41 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide. Scape lateral, basal in the axil of a sheath, much
surpassing the leaves, gently arcuate, loosely paniculate above, up to 200 cm. tall;
peduncle about 30-60 cm. long, with several (6 or more) short, remote, tubular,
evanescent sheaths; panicle narrow, elongate, many-flowered, with rather remote,
loosely 2- to 4-flowered, fractiflex branches. Bracts very small, deltoid, concave,
much shorter than the slender, pedicellate ovary. Flowers medium-sized, with
widely spreading segments, light green spotted with brown and white. Sepals
and petals with lightly undulate margins. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate or ellip-
tic-lanceolate, about 2.5 cm. long and 7 mm. wide, acute, dorsally keeled at the
apex. Lateral sepals very similar, slightly oblique, as long as the dorsal sepal and
very little narrower. Petals obliquely lanceolate-oblong, abruptly acute and apic-
ulate, very slightly shorter than the sepals, about as wide as the lateral sepals.
Lip rhombic-lanceolate in outline, sharply 3-lobed below the middle, about 1.8-
2.4 cm. long and 1-1.4 cm. wide across the lateral lobes, spreading from an erect,
narrowly cuneate, claw-like base; lateral lobes spreading, obliquely dolabriform or
semiobovate-rounded, with irregular anterior margins; mid-lobe oblong-lanceolate,
FIG 167. Odontoglossum tigroides C. Schweinf. 1, plant; X ^. 2, flower,
natural position, front view; X 2. 3, lip and column, obliquely from side; >
4, lip expanded, from above; X 4. 5, capsule; X %
831
832 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 30
obtuse to subacute, apiculate, about 1-1.4 cm. long and 4 mm. wide; disc from
the base of the lip through the lower third with an oblong, fleshy callus which is
slightly dilat 
