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GIFT or
THOMA^v RUTt-TfTRrORD BACON
M:: MUTUAL LIimARV
I
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Cv
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Our Acre
Its Harvest
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY
NORTHERN OHIO.
|[,lctelatul flianch of the mtikd States ^^anitatji H ommission.
"■ Ad arm of aid to the weak,
A friendly taand to the friendlci*;!,
Kind wordSf so ehort to speak,
Bat whose echo is endless.
The world is wide — these things are small.
They may be nothing, bnt they are all.''
CLEVELAND:
7AXBBA19K8, BEXEPICT A CO., PRINTERS, HERALD OFFICE.
1869.
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^t
>
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1869, by
MARY CLARK BRAYTON and ELLEN P. TERRY,
In the ClerkV Office of the District Court of the United States for the Northern
District of Ohio.
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THE AID SOCIETIES
or NORTHERN OHIO,
BRANCHES OF THE VINE
WHOSE PLANTING, CULTURE, GROWTH AND FRUITAGE
ARE HERE RECORDED,
THIS VOLUME IS INSCRIBED.
291970 Digitized by Google
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PART I.
GENERAL HISTORY,
MART CLARK BRAYTON.
PART II.
SPECIAL RELIEF,
ELLEN F. TERRY.
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ILLUSTRATIONS.
Pa8«.
Fbontupiisos, Pabt If Tbs Cleveland Aid Rooms, Extsuor.
Map op Ohio, - - S"?
Hospital, Caxp Cleveland, ^
Flobal Hall, Sanitary Fair, 1^1
Monument Park, Cleveland, i.46
Fbontispiecb, Part II, Soldiers* Home, Cleveland, Exterior.
The Ward, tttt
The Dinino Room, 863
Regeivino a Reqimxnt, 876
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CONTENTS,
PART I.
GENERAL HISTORY
CHAPTER I.
The First Call. The Preliminary Organization. The Blanket Raid. Ooato for
the Soldier Boys. Shirts and Havelocks. The First Shipment. The Permanent
Organization. Committees. Circular No. 1. Headquarters Established. Branch
Aid Societies. Co-operation Secured. Other Circulars. Enlarging the Borders.
Amateur Patriotic Concert. Cleveland Branch Sanitary Commission. System
of Disbursement. Railroad Speed. Vexations Rumors. Handing in '^ the
Bill." 17— 3fl
CHAPTER II.
Favors of Transportation. Tiie First Report. Change of Title. The*Winter'8
Work. Systematic Contribution. Battle of Fort Donelson. An Autograph
Testimonial. A Trip to the Front. Sanitary Depot, Nashville. Battle of Pitts-
burg Landing. The Excitement in Cleveland. Hospital Transport Work. The
Steamer Lancaster. The Depot Hospital. To Pittsburg Landing — on board the
Lancaster. General Shipments. Sanitary Agency, Leavenworth 37—65
CHAPTER III.
Oeographical Limits. Cultivating the Field. Relations with Branch Societies.
Duties of the Officers. Aid Room Committees. Marked Articles. Canned
Fruit and Jellies. Storekeeping Perplexities. Currant Juice and Toast. Con-
centrated Chicken. Office Duties. '* Leader Articles." Document Committees.
Picture of the Aid Rooms. Committees at Work. The Aid Room Office.
Varied Experience. Lights and Shadows 5ft— 74
CHAPTER IV.
A Visit to Washington. Ohio Relief Association. Battle of PerryvlUe. PainfUl
Rumors. A Trip to Perryville. The Soup House. Central Office, Louisville.
Manner of Forwarding. Private Packages. Special Shipments. More Trans-
portation Favors 75—86
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X CONTEXTS.
CHAPTER V.
Circular No. 10. Hard Times. Financiering. Ways and Means. Earnest Con-
Bultations. The California Fund. Second Thoughts. Review of the Work.
Camp Cleveland Hospital. An Incident. Home Charity. A Christmas Dinner. 87—99
CHAPTER VI.
The Siege of Vlcksburg. The Steamer Dunleith. Music and Tableaux. Mur-
doch's Readings. Change of Vice Presidents. Committees. An Insidious
Foe. Campaign against Scurvy. The Vegetable Raid. Canvassing and Lectur-
ing. Purchasing Vegetables. Special Cars. Another Journey. Traveling in
Dixie. Sight-seeing. A Cheering Report 100—116
CHAPTER VII.
The ''Onion'' League. The Sanitary Reporter. Mailing Documents. Good
News. Sanitary Gardens— A Description. A Picnic Dinner. A Glorious
"Fourth." Timely Supplies. A Thank-offering. Returning Heroes. A Fore-
shadowing. A New Project. Cleveland Soldiers' Home. The Summer's Work.
Giving out Material. Sustaining the Home 117—134
CHAPTER VIII.
Sanitary Fairs. Following the Example. An Embarrassment. Conflicting In-
terests. A Compromise. An opportune Legacy. Northern Ohio Sanitary Fair.
Committees for the Fair. Issuing Circulars. Appointing Delegates. Planning.
Thorough Canvassing. Ladies at Work. The Proposed Building. An Ominous
Silence. Tormenting Doubts. Snow vemu Carpenters. Plan of the Building.
Decorating the Halls. Evergreens and Banners. Last Preparations, l^lnter
talning the Delegates. The Ticket System 135—158
CHAPTER IX.
The Opening Day. The Inaugural Ode. Ceremonies of the Day. The Ladies*
Bazaar. The Booths— their decorations. Pennsylvania's Share. The American
Booth. Lake County and Russia. ''Erin go Bragh." The Restaurant.
Daughters of Molly Stark. German Liberality. Senoritas and Buckeye Girls.
England and Yankee Land. The Post Office. The Newspaper. A Formidable
Battery. The Bower of Rest. The " Crazy Bedquilt." 15C— 179
CHAPTER X.
Floral Hall. Arbors and Cottages. The Wigwam. The " Wayside Inn." Rustic
Work. Mechanics' Hall— Its contributions. Refreshment Hall. Good Cheer.
Mysterious Precincts. Fine Art Hall. The Museum— Its Treasures. Memorials. 18C— 194
CHAPTER XI.
Evening Entertainments. Continental Tea-Party. Manners of the Old School
Old Folks' Concert. Sons of Malta. The Dramatic Club. The Attendance.
The Draft-wheel. Closing Scenes. Sale of the Building. Success of the Fair.
Cash Receipts. A " twice blessed " Charity 19^- "SW
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00NTEKT9. XI
CHAPTER XII.
After the Fair. The Reaction. Special Calls. The Fair Fund. Increased Ex-
penditure. Issuing Material. Selling at Cost. The Salesroom. The Work
Department 908—217
CHAPTER XIII.
Army Movements. A Memorable Record. Official Bulletins. Cleveland Army
Committee— Its Plans and Purposes. Work of the Delegates. Sympathy. Let-
ters and Inquiries. The Hospital Directory. ^' One Inquiry, One Answer/'— An
Extract. Hospital Cars. •' On a Hospital Train/'— A Description «18— 288
CHAPTER XIV.
The Printing Office. "Aid Society Print." Canvassing and Forwarding. Help
for Prisoners. Change of Vice Presidents. Review of the Tear. Expenses of
Distribution. New Quarters. A Consecration 234—243
CHAPTER XV.
A Memorable Day. Welcome Home. Questions and Answers. Continuing Sup-
plies. A state of Siege. "Comfort Bags." No place. to Stop. The Employ-
ment Agency — Its Management. A Signiflcant Record. An Abstract 244—265
CHAPTER XVI.
Close of the Supply Work. Breaking up the Aid Rooms. Ohio State Soldiers'
Home. Transferring Soldiers. Closing up. The Free Claim Agency— Its
Management. Last Days. Summary. Conclusion 266—860
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PART IT.
SPECIAL BELIEF,
MARINE HOSPITAL, ARMY DEPARTMENT.
Early Camp Life. Ward Committees. Marine Hospital 273—277
THE DEPOT HOSPITAL.
Pittsburg Landing. Hospital Steamers. The Depot Hospital. Its Menage.
Capacities and Resonrces. A Drawback. Returning Regiments. Stirring
Appeals. The Port Hudson Regiments. New Duties. Cleveland Hospitality.
Care of the Sick. Friendly Messages. Pleasant Duties. Life and Death.
Limited Quarters. Successful Canvassing. The Invalid Corps. Sundry
Petitions. Hopeless Quests. Difficult Commissions. A HandM of Letters.
Letters Continued. Union Prisoners. Hospital Inquiry. Sanitary Issues.
Fruitless Journeys. A Sad History. Aid Room Guests. Sanitary Treasures. . .278—307
THE SOLDIERS' HOME.
Diagram. The Reception Room. The Early Outfit. The First Prize. The Home
Prospectus. Means of support. Flexible Rules. Aim of the Institution. Its
Administration. An Old Friend. An Apparition. The First Death. Veteran
Regiments. Occasional Grievances. Wounded in the Wilderness. Two
Patients. Domestic News. Enlarging the Home. Ohio National Guards.
The Children's Gifts. Home from the War. Bringing Home the Dead. Arti-
ficial Limbs. Acknowledgments. Army Letters. Contributing Societies.
Winter Quarters. Refugees and Deserters. Tommy. Entertainments. One
Day at the Home. Feeding, the Convalescents. Varied Wants. Appeals for
Aid. Prisoners' Letters. Hunger and Cold. Exchange of Prisoners. Rebel
Mercy. Starved to Death. A Mother's Letter. Veteran Reserves. Welcome
to Ohio Soldiers. An Early Breakfast. The New Dining Room. Rival Attrac-
tions. A Bill of Fare. The Reserve Force. Generous Railroad Companies.
Entertaining a Brigade. A midnight Meal. Open Air Toilets. Progress of the
Feast. Invalid Diet. Johnny comes marching home. Departure. The Hos-
pital Department. A Submissive Patient. Crippled Correspondents. The
Wounded of the 103d Ohio Volunteers. A Sad Return. A Dinner Party. The
Cruel War is Over. Mustered Out. Eloquent Guests. Raiders and Malcon-
tents. Fourth of July Banquet. The Little Sailor. The Prodigal Son. The
Hospital Legacy. A Flourishing Business. Wanted, Employment. An Afflict-
ing Endorsement. A Colored Regiment. A Perilous Journey. The Homeward
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CONTETTTS. Xlll
March. Thanks from Minnesota. A Permanent Home. A Happy New Year.
The National Asylum. The Winter's Work. In the Sick Ward. Faithftil
Mourners. Grown up Scholars. A Disabled Man's Fature. Unclaimed. Resi-
dent Pensioners. Final Duties. The Home Dismantled. The School Girl's
Fete 308— 3»T
THE CLAIM AGENCY.
Collection of War Claims. The Cleveland Agency. New Laws. A Flood of
Applications. ^' Not Entitled." Additional Bounty Act. Increase of Pension.
Indignant Epistles. Remonstrances. Destitute Clients. Change of Agent.
Satisfactory Results. The Agency's Reward. A Service Accomplished. Special
Relief Record. The Home Army. An Ample Recompense 998—414
APPENDIX.
APPENDIX A.— Ca>?h and Supply Report 418-431
APPENDIX B.— Special Relief Report 434-441
APPENDIX C— Claim Agency Report 444
APPENDIX D.— Names of Members 446-^49
APPENDIX E.— Committees 452—460
APPENDIX F.— Branch Societies 462—611
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PART I.
GENERAL HISTORY.
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GENERAL HISTORY.
CHAPTER I.
The Clevkland Ladibs.— The ladies of Cleveland, ready aiid auxioua to take their
full share in the exertions and privations, if need be, imposed by the public perils, are
promptly moving with a view to such an organization as may be most useful and effective.
They propose also to offer their assistance to the committee of citizens to be apiK)inted for
the purpose of making provision for the wives and children of the brave men who have left,
and are leaving, our city to fight the battles of our country.
A meeting of the ladies will be held for this purpose to-mon*ow, Saturday, at 3 o'clock,
at Chapin UdW.— Extract from Cleveland Herald, AjnH IIWA, 1801.
In response to this call, at the appointed hour on
Saturday, April 20th, 1861 — only five days after Pres-
ident Lincoln's first call for troops to suppress the
great rebellion — Chapin Hall was filled with ladies
who came together to inquire how the charity of wo-
man could best serve her countrv in its impending
peril.
There were flushed faces, aglow with exalted feel-
ing, troubled brows, shaded by vague apprehension,
grave countenances, pale with nameless forebodings, —
eyes that sparkled with excitement, and eyes with a
startled outlook or dim with gathering tears.
What this strange cloud, suddenly threatening the
far off borders of the land, might portend, happily no
prophetic tongue was loosed to tell ; no vision of the
future rose to appal the assembly that met that day
with the earnest purpose to do with their might what-
soever a woman's hand should find to do.
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• • 4
• • • ••4
18 THE PRELIMINARY ORGANIZATION.
The busy note of martial preparation was heard upon
the streets. From every spire and house-top the stars
and stripes were flung out. Every woman and child
knotted the red, white and blue into necktie, shoulder-
ribbon or sash; every man wore, with pride, a tri-
colored favor — the badge of national honor. Scarcely
twenty-four hours before, two companies of city mili-
taiy — Cleveland's first offering towards the first call
for seventy-five thousand troops — had marched away,
hastily exchanging the trappings of holiday parade for
the equipments of the field.
That these stout-hearted soldiers, now far on their
way to the defense of the National Capital, needed
present aid was impossible, that they would ever need
the hand of relief was a haunting thought, scarcely
formed into words, but put away with a shudder of
dimly defined dread. Now all sympathy turned to-
wards the wives and children of the volunteers who
had just gone, several ladies at the meeting mention-
ing cases of severe sickness or destitution among them.
A preliminary organization was formed by calling
Mrs. B. EousE to the chair, appointing Mrs. S. B. Page
secretary, and Mary Clark Brayton treasurer.
Mrs. George A. Benedict, Mrs. C. D. Brayton, Mrs.
H. L. Whitman, Mrs. C. A. Terry and Mrs. J. A. Har-
ris were made a special committee to confer with and
aid the ward committees of gentlemen in disbursing a
large fund that had been raised by subscription from
citizens for the benefit of soldiers' families. At this
moment two gold dollars, carefully wrapped in silver-
tissue paper, were put into the treasurer's hand, sent
by an aged unknown man to be given to the family
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THE BLANKET RAID. 19
most needing aid. This suggested an impromptu col-
lection, and twenty-two dollars were added to the first
golden offering. The most of this little sum was given
to the ladies of the special committee to meet peculiar
cases. The meeting then adjourned to April 23d, when,
by request, a medical man gave an informal lecture
upon making and adjusting bandages and dressings,
and the work of preparing lint and bandage began.
This recalled the carefully banished thought of what
war might bring, and a tearful audience he had.
Two days later, while busy though unskilful hands
were plying this sad task, a gentleman from the camp
of instruction just opened near the city, begged to in-
terrupt. Mounting the platform, he announced that
one thousand volunteers from towns adjoining were at
that moment marching into camp, and that, expecting —
in the pardonable ignorance of our citizen soldiery at
that early day — to be fully equipped on reaching this
rendezvous, many of these men had brought no blank-
ets, and had now the prospect of passing a sharp April
night uncovered on the ground.
This unexpected occasion was eagerly seized. Two
ladies hastened to engage carriages, while the others
rapidly districted the city. In a few minutes eight
hacks were at the door, and two young ladies in each,
with route marked out, were despatched to represent
to the matrons of the town this desperate case.
At 3 o'clock this novel expedition set off. All the
afternoon the carriages rolled rapidly through the
streets. Bright faces glowed with excitement, grave
eyes gave back an answering gleam of generous sym.
pathy. A word of explanation sufficed to bring out
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20 COATS FOR THE SOLDIER BOYS.
delicate rose blankets, chintz quilts, thick counterpanes,
and by nightfall seven hundred and twenty-nine blank-
ets were carried into camp. Next morning the work
was resumed, and before another night every volunteer
in Camp Taylor had been provided for.
While this " blanket raid " was going on, the ladies
at the meeting, startled by the sound of fife and drum,
hurried to the door just in time to see a company of
recruits, mostly farmer lads, march down the street
towards the new camp. These had '^ left the plow in
the furrow," and imagining that the enlistment-roll
would transform them at once into Uncle Sam's blue-
coated soldier boys, they had marched away from home
in the clothes that they were wearing when the call first
reached them.
Before they turned the corner, motherly watchful-
ness had discovered that some had no coats, that others
wore thin linen blouses, and that the clothing of all
was insufficient for the exposure of the scarcely enclosed
camp. On this discovery the bandage meeting at once
broke up, and the ladies hurried home to gather up the
clothing of their own boys for the comfort of these
young patriots. Two carriages heaped with half- worn
clothing drove into camp at sundown. This work
was repeated many times at Camp Taylor, and in
the later years of the war it was made a specialty of
the Society to supply second-hand clothing for tem-
porary use of soldiers.
Awakened to the necessities of the fast gathering
troops, the ladies applied to the commandant of the
post, and received from him a quantity of army flannel
to make up. The merchant tailors gave patterns and
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RIIIKTS AND "lIAVELOCKS.'' 21
the services of their cutters, the rooms of the Young
Men's Christian Association were offered as a depot,
and there the packages of work were distributed. The
Grover & Baker and Wheeler & Wilson sewing ma-
chine rooms were thrown open and were soon crowded
with industrious dames, some cutting, some basting, and
others guiding the fast flying machines. In two days
one thousand army shirts were cut, given out, finished
and returned to camp.
While feverishly anxious to be doing, and sadly
needing guidance, from the East there came a sugges-
tion that "Havelocks" were the first necessity of field
service, and for weeks much superfluous enthusiasm was
worked into these grotesque head-pieces. The stiff
linen was cut by many aching fingers, and given out
in parcels to ladies who returned the finished articles
in a fabulously short time. Thus an ample supply
was soon furnished to each Northern Ohio regiment.
Following this was a spasmodic effort to introduce the
French pocket tent, and then came a period when the
Society languished, not from lack of interest in the
work, but because utter ignorance of its nature pre-
vented the anticipation of those needs which the cam-
paign would develop.
Meantime, the committees appointed to visit the
families of volunteers had districted the city and were
systematizing their work, laying the foundation for the
" Ward Relief Committees " that existed in Cleveland
throughout the war. When the Aid Society entered a
more extended field of duty, these ward associations
formed a distinct organization, recognized and aided by
the city authorities and well supported by contribution.
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22 THE FIRST SHIPMENT.
Sickness had now appeared at Camp Taylor. Fever
and epidemic measles were spreading rapidly througli
the ranks. The little regimental hospital established
there May 2d, and a post hospital opened shortly after,
were almost wholly furnished by the ladies, who visit-
ed them daily, and never empty-handed. Especially
did those ladies who lived near devote their time and
means to the care and comfort of the inmates. Mrs.
Dr. Long, Mrs. Lewis Severance, Mrs. Piiilo Scovill
and Mrs. E. F. Gaylord were prominent in this work.
While thus employed it was impossible to believe —
M hat was constantly asserted by men experienced in
regular army affairs, — that no volunteer hospital aid
was needed. The mind would iTin forward to the regi-
ments lately marched away, and it seemed certain that
similar comforts would be doubly welcome to the sick
among them. Visitors returning from Camp Dennison
confirmed this growing belief, and letters of inquiry
brought grateful acceptance of the proffered aid.
Following the suggestions so gladly received, two or
three members of the Society prepare the first shipment
of hospital stores. As the small fund raised on organ-
izing was long ago exhausted, this must be done by pri-
vate contribution. From house to house goes the little
foraging party, confiscating the comfortable dressing-
gown and easy-going slippers of the astonished but norl-
resi sting master, the soft towels and handkerchiefs of
the smiling mistress, searching the library for pleasant
books and amusing pictorials, levying upon the pantry
for a stock of dainties, and beguiling from the shop-
keeper a generous supply of toilet comforts, dozens of
palm-leaf fans and sundry packages of writing mate^
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PERMANENT ORGANIZATION. 23
rial. Returning, the parlor is transformed into a
store-room, great dry-goods boxes receive the spoils,
deftly stowed away — sufficient for the sick of two regi-
ments — and with these go carefully packed baskets of
jellies, wines and lemons. No more hearty offering
ever called down a blessing upon the cheerful giver.
A courteous acknowledgment duly received encour-
aged further venture, and letters offering hospital sup-
plies and begging instruction in preparing them, were
despatched to the surgeon of every Northern Ohio regi-
ment. Eagerly catching at every grain of information
that floated homeward from hospital and camp, and in-
creasing this scanty stock by vigorous coiTespondence,
the ladies found that each day unfolded new occasion
for the beneficence of the Society. Now presented it-
self the idea of centralizing the work of Northern Ohio,
with a view to its greater efficiency. A permanent
organization was effected by the election of the follow-
ing officers :
PRESIDENT,
MRS. B. ROUSE.
VICE-PRESIDENTS,
MRS. JOHN SHELLEY, MRS. WILLIAM MELHINCH.
SECRETARY,
MARY CLARK BRAYTON.
TREASURER,
ELLEN F. TERRY.
Business meetings were appointed for the first Tues*
day in each month and the following standing com-
mittees formed for receiving supplies and for cutting
and directing the work t
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24 OOMMlTTKte.
On Hospital Clothing — Mrs. Joseph Perkins, Mrs.
CiiAKLEs HicKox, Mrs. Joseph Lyman, Mrs. M. C.
Yoi^NGLOVE.
On Hospital Slippers — Mrs. D. Howe.
On Bedding — Mrs. J. A. Hakkis.
On Lint — Mrs. Hiram Griswold.
On Bandages and Compresses — Mrs. D. Chittenden,
Mrs. J. H. Chase.
On Fruit and Groceries — Mrs. S. Belden, Mrs.
Peter Thatcher.
Of the receiving and packing committees, which
were appointed at each business meeting for the ensuing
month, it is regretted that no complete record has been
preserved. The following are the names of some of
the ladies who served in these committees in the early-
days of the Society, or who acted as alternates to the
standing committees mentioned above :
Mrs. Thomas M. Kelley, Mrs. L. M. Hubby, Mrs. S.
Williamson, Mrs. Charles A. Terry, Mrs. John Cro-
WELL, Mrs. William T. Smith, Mrs. William Collins,
Mrs. Hiram Iddings, Mrs. Bolivar Butts, Mrs. Joseph
Hayward, Mrs. W. H. Hayward, Mrs. Charles M.
GiDiNGs, Mrs. J. H. Wade, Mrs. A. B. Stone, Mrs. J.
H. Sargeant, Mrs. William E. Standart, Mrs. Thomas
Bolton, Mrs. William Mittleberger, Mrs. John Coon
Mrs. Augustus E. Footu, Miss Bixby, Mrs. William
J. BoARDMAN, Mrs. Henry G. Abbey.
A membership fee of twenty-five cents monthly was
fixed, and contribution boxes labeled "Aid for our
Sick and Wounded Soldiers," were conspicuously
posted in banks, hotels, railroad station and post-ofiice.
No constitution or by-laws were suggested^ and be-
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CIRCrl.AR KG. I. 2.)
yond the monthly fee and a verbal pledge to work
while the war should last, no form of membership
was ever adopted. No written word held the Society
together, even to its latest days.
June 20th, Circular No. 1 was prepared, announcing
that " the Ladies' Aid Society of Cleveland, having re-
ceived direct information of the articles needed, now
invites the co-operation of the patriotic ladies of other
towns in supplying the pressing necessities of our vol-
unteers in camp and on the march."
This circular was first mailed to the postmaster of
each town in Ohio, with a personal note, begging him
*^ to put it into the hand of some active, benevolent wo-
man, askingher to correspond with the Society." He was
further requested to send back the names of six women
whom he judged would best help forward a branch aid
society, and to these six, in due course of mail, the cir-
cular was despatched with a letter urging them to form
a local organization. To the clergy of every denomi-
nation throughout the State a copy was sent, with a
written request that it might be read from the pulpit.
It was published in every newspaper of Northern Ohio,
and industriously sent far and wide wherever an ad-
dress could be obtained. Many were the ingenious
devices for throwing it into every nook and corner of
the State. Market gardeners earned it home in their
baskets, farmers found it thrust into their pockets. At
mere hearsay of a possible correspondent, little memo-
randum books would creep from the pockets of the Aid
Society officers, — advertisements were carefully copied,
county organizations noted, and hotel registers consult-
ed. The worthy farmer whose name appeared one day
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26 JIEAD-QUABTERvS ESTABLISHED.
among the hotel arrivals in the city, and whose wife,
by next mail, received in her quiet country home the
ubiquitous circular of the ^^ Ladies' Aid Society," would
have been sadly puzzled to trace effect back to first
cause.
The necessity for a depot was now apparent, and
July 1st a part of the store No. 95 Bank street was
obtained at a trifling rent. A great room it seemed, —
gloomy indeed to these incipient store-keepers on first
entrance, and forbidding enough, till the festooning
cobwebs were swept away, the stained walls and dusty
windows made, by housewifely skill, to wear a more
tidy look, and an old counter drawn across the room,
midway down, to form the boundary of the dim regions
where quaint rubbish was heaped up. Here the "Aid
Society," with an empty treasuiy, but with great ex-
pectations, established head-quarters. A sign above
the door announced the benevolent purposes of the in-
stitution. A rude desk was improvised, crowned with
an official ink stand, a table and half a dozen unpainted
chairs borrowed, and the long empty shelves labeled
in anticipation of the stores that must come. The
rooms were opened from 10 to 12 a. m,, daily, and
volunteer committees, two ladies in turn, sat hopefully
through the long hours for many a weary day, with
very little to reward their patience save an occasional
visit from a patriotic lady with her offering of a bowl of
jelly for the sick, or a shy child bringing its little pack*
age of lint. Contributions from the city insensibly but
steadily increased, each household adding to the stock.
Gradually the nearest towns were represented in these
gifts, — the leaven had begun to work. Letters of in-
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BRANCH AID SOCIETIES. 27
quiry poured in, all abounding in patriotic sentiment,
some enthusiastic, others cautious, at first, and often fol-
lowed by visits from the writers, who represented their
neighborhood as alive to the appeal, anxious to gain in-
struction, grateful for this new avenue to friends in the
army, and beginning to realize that concert of action
was necessary to the success of a work in which much
desultory labor was now expended, and not always
with satisfactory results. The president of the Society
frequently visited Camp Taylor, and invited friends
who came from the country to see the soldiers in the
new camp, to call at the Aid Rooms. Here plans were
discussed, opinions interchanged, and such light as the
ladies had gained from their own short experience was
imparted to the visitor, who invariably turned home-
ward strengthened in purpose, nor was the interview
less cheering to the ladies of the Society.
Aid Societies were daily springing up, and their
officers, as reported, were entered as correspondents.
Inquiry was invited, letters were carefully answered,
and patterns furnished. Home mission societies, church
sociables, sewing circles, and various benevolent or-
ganizations were converted into Soldiers' Aid Societies
without change of organization. A vote of the mem-
bers to work for sick and wounded soldiers while the
war should last, was all the formality necessary. This
enabled them to enter at once upon their new
duties.
The prevalent fear of assuming duties which legiti-
mately belonged to the Government, and which might
enrich the commissariat without benefitting the soldier,
threatened to become a serious obstacle, by checking
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28 CO-OPERATlON SECURED.
that enthusiastic co-operation so important to success.
It seemed necessary to explain the fact that, in a war
so suddenly thrust upon a nation, there is, unavoidably,
a hiatus between the ability of Government and the
demand of hospital and camp, which can only be filled
by the efforts of benevolent associations.
To meet and overcome this difficulty, the president
of the Society stepped from her life of quiet and unob-
trusive charities, visited families and villages, and by
personal explanation and appeal, secured the hearty
and enthusiastic support of all who listened to her
arguments.
The terrible reverse at Bull Run intensified the
growing interest in city and country. Three large
cases of bandages and dressings were immediately de-
spatched to the Surgeon General, and for many days
after the news of the battle the rooms were thronged
with women bringing their offerings for the wounded.
Two gentlemen, Messrs. William Edwards and JoiiN
M. Sterling, Jr., volunteered to collect material from
the dry-goods merchants, and the results of their ap-
peal kept the work committees fully employed for
many busy weeks.
Meantime the search for truth continued. Vigorous
correspondence was kept up with the surgeons of all
western regiments that could be reached by letter from
this point, and earnest efforts were made to learn the
state of the hospitals of Western Virginia and Missouri.
Acting upon the scanty knowledge thus obtained,
supplies were sent from time to time, as the small
means of the Society would allow. Letters to Miss
Dix brought kind reply and valuable suggestions. In
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OTHER CIRCULARS. 29
the East the United States Sanitary Co^imission was
rapidly unfolding its noble purposes, and from its rep-
resentative in the West, Dr. J. S. Newberry, the Society
early received advice and direction. At his suggestion
small shipments were made to St. Louis, Cairo, and the
regimental hospitals of Western Virginia. These went
forward in charge of an agent of the Sanitaiy Com-
mission whose report of their distribution was highly
satisfactory. Letters from the recipients soon followed
and these were industriously circulated among the
country societies.
September 1st, Circular No. 2 was issued, containing
definite measurements for hospital garments and dii^ec-
tions for preparing surgeons' supplies. This circular
was endorsed by Dr. Newberry on behalf of the Sani-
tary Commission.
September 5th, appeared Circular No. 3, addressed
to the little girls, bespeaking their handiwork in
making lint, bandages and eyeshades. This was en-
thusiastically received, and every school house and each
playroom became a busy workshop where nimble fin-
gers plied the needle and bright eyes flashed with
newly awakened patriotism.
September 9th, Circular No. 4 informed the women
of Northern Ohio that " the Society organized for col-
" lecting and transmitting to the sick and wounded of
" the Federal army such hospital stores as the Govern-
" ment fails to provide, — having secured reduced rates
" of transportation to the Ohio River, where an agent
'' of the Sanitary Commission will receive and forward
" all such packages to destination, — now ensures to
" auxiliary societies the most reliable transmission of
" their goods to the hospitals of Western Virginia."
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30 ENLARGING THE BORDERS.
The personal interests of Northern Ohio women then
centered in Western Virginia, and this announcement,
with the letters of acknowledgment from hospitals,
embodied in Circular No. 5, issued September 17th,
evoked ready response.
As box after box came in, the ladies found their
modicum of space too small, and from this time they
occupied the whole floor of " 95," arranging a double
row of, hinged receiving-cases along the wall for con-
venience of the unpacking committee, and now first re-
signing hammer and marking-brush into the hands of
a porter.
The three hours of daily business lengthened into
six ; a pleasant office in the rear was fitted up by con-
tribution, one gentleman furnishing a carpet, another
a desk, a third volunteering instruction in book-keep-
ing and invoicing, a fourth sending his drayman on
shipping days, and all showing a deep interest in this
amateur storekeeping, now beginning to assume the
proportions of a veritable business establishment.
The finances of the Society were the subject of much
anxious thought. Membership fees aggregating twen-
ty dollars per month and occasional gifts of money in
small sums were its only sources of revenue, and its ex-
panding purposes were now in danger of being checked
by the lack of funds.
In this emergency, several young ladies for the first
time offered to the public their fine musical talents, in
an "Amateur Patriotic Concert," given September 24th.
They were assisted by gentlemen of well known musi-
cal ability, whose services were also volunteered for
the good cause. (See Appendix E.) The use of the
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AMATErR PATRIOTIC COXCERT. 81
Academy of Music was given by the lessee, and the
generosity of every one who had a part in the aiTange-
ments reduced the expenses to a trifling sum. This
charming entertainment was well patronized, and the
sum of five hundred and six dollars realized to the
Society, — more than two-thirds of its whole income
during the first three months of organization.
Unwilling that their rooms should be merely a depot
for the contributions of others, the ladies strove to do
their share in preparing hospital supplies. A large
part of the concert fund was immediately expended
for material which was cut out by the indefatigable
committees and taken home to be made up.
The disbursements of the Society kept steady pace
with the receipts. The first stock of the supply depot,
opened October 8th by the Sanitary Commission, in
Wheeling, Va., was wholly furnished from Cleveland,
and many comforts which the Society now had means
to purchase were sent to the hospitals of Western
Virginia and the Kanawha. A delightful stimulus
was imparted by the late Prof Peck, of Oberlin, O., in
an informal lecture given upon returning from the hos-
pitals of the Kanawha Valley where he had seen some
traces of the comfort afforded by this distribution.
As the location of hospitals became more remote,
transportation more hazardous and communication by
letter with the army more uncertain, the officers of the
Society deeply felt the burden and responsibility of
dispensing, with prudence, impartiality and wisdom
the precious fruits of so much patient and loving toil ;
and on October 9th, 1861, the Soldiers' Aid Society of
Cleveland was formally offered as a Branch to the
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32 CLEVELAND BRANCH SANITARY COMMISSION.
United States Sanitary Commission. The following
is the reply to that proposal :
U. S. Sanitaky Commission, )
Treasury Buildings, Washington, D. C, [•
October 16tli, 1801. )
Mkjs, B. Rouse,
President Soldiers' Aid Society y Cleveknid, Ohio.
Madam : I beg to acknowledge tbe receipt of your favor of the 9tli inst.,
by your secretary, in which you do this Commission the honor to propose
the " Soldiers' Aid Society," of Cleveland, Ohio, as one of its co-operative
branches. It gives nie great satisfactioti to inform you that at the first
meeting of the Sixth Session of the Commission, held here yesterday, it
was unanimously
Itesohed, That the " Soldiers' Aid Society," of Cleveland, Ohio, is hereby
constituted a Corre8ix)nding Branch of the Sanitary Conmiission ; and that
the secretary notify that Society of the action of the Commission, with an
expression of the sense entertained by the Commission of the importance
and value of its services.
In accordance with the above resolution, I cordially invite the correbptjnd-
ence and co-operation of your Society with this Commission, through its
fellow-member. Dr. J. S. Newberry, of your City, who is the Associate
Secretary of the Commission for your Department.
I am, Madam, with great respect, your obedient servant,
FRED. LAW OLMSTED,
General Secretary U. S. San. Com.
The advice and aid of Dr. Newberry had been
sought, and rendered with unvarying kindness, long
before this reference to his department gave the Socie-
ty any claim to them. At this time all eyes were
turned and all hopes centered upon the forces that
were gathered around Washington, and the care of
Eastern benevolent associations was largely bestowed
upon the troops lying immediately within reach of
their aid. The destitution in the military hospitals of
the Great West, and especially of Western Virginia,
called loudly for relief, and the Cleveland Branch
gladly followed the advice received from the General
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SYSTEM OF DISBURSEMENT. 33
Secretary, and devoted its labors to the armies of the
West.
Now fully in rapport with the Sanitary Commission,
the Society sought to give some return for the advan-
tages accruing from the connection. All articles issued
from the Cleveland Aid Rooms were from this time
stamped with the name of the Sanitary Commission,
its documents were faithfully distributed, its purposes
and modus operandi minutely explained, and every
effort was made to bring all tributary societies into
this new relation.
Orders from Sanitary field-agents were promptly
filled,, and a system of disbursement adopted which
proved so successful as to merit a passing notice.
The Sanitary Inspector was furnished with printed
blanks containing a list of hospital supplies. This, after
observing the needs of a hospital, he was expected to
fill out, sign, and return by mail. The Society was
pledged to honor such drafts, and supplies were
shipped directly to the designated point. A dupli-
cate invoice was sent to the Sanitary agent in charge
of the department, and an acknowledgment was
required from the surgeon of the hospital, which
on receipt was carefully filed. The letters from sur-
geons and soldiers, that often accompanied these
receipts, were of great value in keeping up the interest
of tributaries. These were always published in the
city papers and mailed to Branch Societies, or repro-
duced in circulars that were issued to them.
The treasury, which had again received a benefit of
one hundred and sixty dollars, was soon drained by
an order received from the Sanitary agent in Western
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34 RAILROAD SPEED.
Virginia. The spirit with which such demands were
answered is shown in these extracts from Cleveland
papers :
Work for Ladies.— (Nov. 7th, 1861.)—" Five hundred sick men will be
in Wheeling hospital on Saturday night. Will the ladies of Cleveland pro-
vide for the comfort of these sick and wounded soldiers ? Three himdred
bed-sacks are cut out by the Aid Society, and must be made before to-morrow
night. Call at Aid Rooms and take the work ! "
Railroad Speed.— <Nov. 8th, 1861.)— "The three hundred bed-sacks
ordered by telegram yesterday morning for the hospital at Wheeling are
finished, and go down this afternoon on the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Rail-
road 2.50 passenger train, free of transportation charge/*
The president of the Society, by written request of
General (then Colonel) Eosecrans, accompanied this
shipment to Wheeling, and gave her personal assist-
ance in fitting the new hospital for reception of the sick
and wounded, who were brought in Government trans-
ports up the Ohio river from the battle-fields and fever
haunted districts of the Kanawha Valley.
On this occasion, three women engaged as Govern-
ment nurses were sent under the patronage of the
Society to Wheeling hospital. The experiment not
proving successful was never repeated, and all subse-
quent applications from women desiring to become
army nurses, were referred at once to Miss Dix.
Certain vexatious rumors had from time to time
disturbed the Aid Room circle, but had not been
thought worthy of notice till now. A story that the
officers of the Aid Society were receiving large salaries
and " making money out of the charities of the people,"
had been thoughtlessly or maliciously started. This
falsehood, nimble-footed, was now making the rounds
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VEXATIOUS RUMORS. 35
of the countiy societies, creating some degree of sus-
picion and threatening to check contribution.
To stop this mischief-maker, Truth drew on his
boots and followed hard after, in circular No. 6, issued
October 15th, which announced that the Cleveland
Soldiers' Aid Society was conducted and supported
entirely by voluntary effort, and that not one cent was
paid for the services of any one C(mnected with its
management or membership.
The drayman and porter were, at this time, the only
paid attaches of the establishment.
To this was added a detailed exposition of the
business system of the Society and the Sanitary Com-
mission, and an invitation to all whom it might concern
to call and inspect the books, and to form their opinions
from actual acquaintance with the work. This circular
Avas strongly endorsed by the city clergy, and contain-
ed excellent testimonials from the field.
After this plain statement of the truth, no further
attempt was ever made to battle with rumors of this
kind. It may be suggested here that the generous and
imflagging support which the Cleveland Aid Society
received throughout the war, is the best evidence that
the public had confidence in the honesty of its manage-
ment.
It was sometimes annoying to the Aid Room corps
to discover that their work was misunderstood or evil
spoken of, and that the wildest rumors seemed to
find some credulous ears.
Several amusing instances of this are recalled.
" Here, girls," said a cheeiy-faced farmer to the busy
group around the office table, " I've just been leaving
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86 HANDING IN "the BILL."
fifty weight or so of maple sugar in the other room for
the soldiers, and if you are half as smart as I think
you are, you'll eat these anyway, as soon as I'm gone, so
I'll give them to you now," and he held out a dozen
little cakes of fresh sugar, almost tempting enough to
justify the suspicion !
One donor who was very generous to the soldiers,
but had a chronic distrust of agencies, always included
in his box a pat of butter, a wedge of cheese or a few
apples, marked " expressly to the ladies of the Aid
Society, for their own use," evidently intending this as
a bribe to insure the honest forwarding of his bounty.
One day a sharp-eyed contributor came in with a
trifling gift. The package was received by one of the
ladies in attendance, who took note of its contents, and
proceeded, as usual, to enter them in the ledger that
lay open on the desk. The donor watched her move-
ments with ill-concealed anger, and at last broke out
with, " Well ! they told me you wrote every thing down
in a book, but I said I hnew it wasn't so ! I wouldn't
believe a word of it till this very minute ! They say
you write it all down so that at the end of the war
you can hand in your bill, and make government pay
you for all that the people have given you to send to
the soldiers !"
The astonished official sought to allay the suspicions
of her visitor by explaining the real reason for her
careful book-keeping.
Though much softened, and professing to be satisfied,
she departed with an air which showed some lingering
apprehension that " the bill" might yet be honored at
the United States Treasury !
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CHAPTER IL
Kentucky, redeemed from rebel nile, opened a new
field to the Sanitary Conmiission.
The organization of the Louisville Branch and of a
thorough system of sanitary inspection, subjected the
Cleveland Society to frequent orders from the supply
depots of Louisville, Lexington, Bardstown and Camp
Nelson.
There were also direct calls from surgeons in the
field, who, having received aid from this source on first
going out, were not slow in bringing to notice the
later wants of their sick.
These shipments were all made with the approval
of the Sanitary Commission, and receipts carefully
taken. The letters of acknowledgment, published
and widely circulated, greatly stimulated contribution.
November 2d, the Chicago Branch Sanitary Com-
mission received an appeal from the regimental hospital
of the 18th Illinois Volunteers, stationed at Cairo.
The Chicago Branch not being yet in working order,
this call was referred by its officers to the Cleveland
Branch, and thence answered by an immediate
shipment.
These stores were sent as an earnest of the friendly
feeling of the Cleveland Society towards other
branches, and as an evidence of the national character
37
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38 FAVOKS OF TRANSPORTATION.
of its work State lines were ever scrupulously ig-
nored, and, from its first to its latest days, tlie Society,
true to the principles of the U. S. Sanitary Commission,
recognized only the suffering need of a loyal brother,
whether his enlistment roll were signed in the forests
of Maine or on the prairies of Minnesota.
Cash contributions increased as the efficiency of the
Society was demonstrated, and Thanksgiving eve was
celebrated by a " Soldiers' Aid Ball," tepdered by citi-
zens for the benefit of the treasury.
The ever-increasing distance between the supply-base
and the army, made it advisable to forward in bulk to
the storehouses of the Sanitary Commission nearer the
front, and the shipments carried free or at half-rates by
the American, United States and Union Line Express
Companies, now became too large for this mode of
conveyance, except upon very urgent occasions.
Free freights were offered to the Society by the
Cleveland, Pittsburgh and Wheeling ; Cleveland, Co-
lumbus and Cincinnati ; Cleveland and Toledo ; and
Michigan Southern railroads, and were obtained by
correspondence from the Pennsylvania Central railroad.
The Baltimore and Ohio railroad company, con-
stantly sustaining losses of property by the fortunes of
war, felt unable to do as liberally as other roads,
but cordially granted half-rates.
The personal efforts of L. M. Hubby, Esq., President
of the Cleveland and Columbus railroad, and always
the firm friend of the Society, secured free freights
from the Little Miami; Covington and Lexington;
Bellefontaine ; Terre Haute, Alton and St. Louis ;
Illinois Central ; and Louisville and Nashville railroads.
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THE FIB8T REPORT. 39
These favors were never withdrawn, although the
subsequent business of the Society taxed these roads,
— especially the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincin-
nati — ^to an extent almost unparalleled.
The Western Union Telegraph was the willing and
unpaid messenger for the almost daily business of the
Society for more than five years. The columns of the
City Press were ever freely open to the appeals of the
Society and the Sanitary Commission, and its voice
always raised in commendation and encouragement.
Eight months from date of organization, a detailed
report of the Cleveland Soldiers' Aid Society was pre-
sented through Dr. Newberry, to the President of the
Sanitary Commission, prefaced by the following letter :
Cletelakd, December 1, 1861.
H. W. Bellows, D. D.,
President IT. 8. Sanitary Commimon :
Dear Sir: — I have tlie honor to present, herewith,
the Report of the Soldiebs' Aid Socibtt of Cleveland, Ohio, which, as
you are aware, is one of the most efficient auxiliaries of oar Ck>mmisaion.
Through my reports, you have learned, from time to time, something of
the operations of this Society, but from an intimate acquaintance with the
growth and workings of its system, and the results it has accomplished, I
hare thought them worthy of more full and public exposition than has yet
been given ; not only that the value of the services rendered by this Society
might be more widely known and generally recognized, but that others,
seeing how simply and how quietly so much good has been done, by those
enjoying no tmusual resources or opportunities, might be stimulated to like
efforts, with like results.
A few warm-hearted, patriotic women originated the Society, and, almost
unaided, have since managed its rapidly extending business with a degree
of skiU and wisdom of which their success is but a just exponent. Seeking
neither honor nor reward, they have given their time, their energies and
their thoughts to the work, with a self-devotion, which, while it has taxed
their strength and periled their health, has cheered, comforted, and saved
from death, many a suffering soldier in the distant camps of our Western
and Southern frontiers ; has enlisted the sympathy and active cooperation
of thousands of the loyal women of Northern Ohio; and by its direct and
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40 CHANGE OF TITLE.
reflex influence, has given a more fervent glow to the patriotism of the
entire West. In this fallen world of ours, such instances of self-consecration
are not so common as to be undeserving of record when found. I would
therefore request that this report, prepared at my suggestion, may be
printed and circulated as one of the documents of our Commission.
Very Respectfully,
J. S. Newberry.
The tables of this report show total cash receipts of
seventeen hundred dollars, more than two-thirds of
which had been invested in material for hospital cloth-
ing and bedding, — over four thousand articles having
been made by the Society. Thirty-eight thousand
articles and nearly three thousand pounds of hospital
supplies had been disbursed to nineteen post and
regimental hospitals, eighteen camps, and five Sani-
tary supply-stations in Ohio, Western Virginia, Ken-
tucky and Missouri.
Contributions had been received from two hundred
and forty-three towns, of which one hundred and
twenty had perfected branch organizations.
This report was accepted and printed as Document
No. 37 of the Sanitary Commission series.
At a special meeting of the Cleveland Soldiers' Aid
Society, Saturday, November 30th, when the above
statement was submitted, the following preamble and
resolutions were unanimously adopted :
Whereas : The period has arrived at which the " Soldiers' Aid Society,"
of Cleveland, embraces within its limits the whole of Northern Ohio, it is
deemed an act of generosity, as well as justice, to signify by the name of
said Society the extent of its organization : Therefore,
Resolved, That hereafter the Cleveland " Soldiers' Aid Society" be known
as the " Soldiers' Aid Society of Northbrk Ohio ;" and that all goods
sent to this Society, before being transmitted to hospital destinations, be
appropriately marked with the name of the Society, in full.
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THE WIITTER's WORK. 41
Besolved, That its Auxiliaries be penuitted to use the names of their
respective Branches in their own stamp, before sending goods to the depot
of the Society at Cleveland.
The Society faithfully strove to infuse the spirit of
these resolutions into its eveiy action. The name of
Cleveland was expunged from the stamp even of those
articles that were purchased or made at the Cleveland
Aid Kooms, and everything was henceforth issued as
an exponent of the benevolence of Northern Ohio.
This successfully extinguished sectional jealousies, and
its wisdom was soon apparent in the rapid increase of
territory and contribution.
As autumn gave place to winter, scissors began to
snip at great bolts of warm flannel, quilting parties
assembled, knitting-circles drew around the fire-side,
and flying fingers fashioned the shapely sock, or
essayed the intricacies of the one-fingered mitten.
Companies marching away from cotmtry towns were
surprised by presentations of socks and mittens, re-
cruits newly arrived in the city were furnished with
blankets by the Aid Society, and scarcely a soldier
left the rooms without the gift of something that would
modify the discomforts of camp life.
A part of the U. S, Marine Hospital, Cleveland,
opened to the few discharged soldiers who claimed aid
at that early day, was almost wholly furnished by the
Society. The details of this home charity are given in
the accompanying Special Relief Report.
The approaching holiday season suggested many
festivities in aid of this good cause. Dime parties
were formed, concerts rehearsed, tableaux projected,
and there was scarcely a Christmas tree but bore
golden fruit for some. local treasury.
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42 SYSTEMATIC CONTBIBUTIOlSr.
Hopes of a speedy termination of the war now faded
before the gathering storm in Tennessee, and by-
advice from head-quarters a ware-room was engaged,
and a reserve stock of battle-stores diligently gathered.
It was evident that months or even years might
develop yet more urgent duties for the army of home-
workers, and that spasmodic charity would in time
fail to meet the ever-increasing drafts.
Circular No. 7, issued January 8th, to Branch Soci-
eties, set forth "the positive necessity for a system
of steady contribution, such as would distress no
one, yet leave it in the power of all to aid, — a course
that by ensuring a permanent revenue to each society,
would enable it to prepare a stated number of hos-
pital garments each month, so long as the v^ar shall
last:'
Blank subscription lists were appended to this
circular, to be signed by every citizen, old and young,
pledging a sum not greater than five cents weekly.
To prove how little was the duration of the war, or
the extent of their labors, foreseen by those who had
put their hands to the plow, it is worthy of note that
these lists pledged the subscriber to payment " until
May 1st, 1862, if the wa?* shall last so Imig! "
The suggestions of this circular were adopted by
many societies and carried out till the end of the war,
with excellent results.
The shock of arms at Fort Donelson fully proved
the wisdom of laying up a reserve stock of hospital
stores, a policy that had been deprecated by many, in
their eagerness to push everything forward to the army.
An extract from the Cleveland Herald illustrates the
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BATTLE OP FORT DONELSON. 43
action of the Society towards the wounded of that
terrible battle, and the general direction of its ship-
ments at that period.
Extract.— (Feb., 1862.)—" The Soldiera* Aid Society of Nortliern Ohio is
dcing a noble work. In anticipation of the results of bloodshed at Fwt
DoneUcm, twenty-two boxes containing lint and bandages were despatched
to Cairo on Monday. In response to a telegram from Dr. Newbsbbt,
one thousand sets of clothing, etc., were sent the next day, besides a
dozen barrels of stores. Since Monday, over one hundred and sixty boxes
of supplies have been expressed to Cairo for Fort Donelson sufferers.
Added to these is a large amount of hospital comforts sent to Lebanon, Ey .,
in care of Dr. A. N. Read, Sanitary Inspector ; to the new Brigade Hospital
at Ashland, Ky. ; and to Cumberland, Md. Paducah has received its share
as well as the 9th Indiana Volunteers, at Fetterman, Va., and the 13th
Indiana Volunteers at Camp North Branch Bridge, Va. The 3rd Ohio
Cavalry, too, was remembered. The Society is to^ay filling an order from
Bardstown, Ey., and despatching supplies to the 60th Ohio Volunteers at
Gallipolis, Ohio."
By these drafts the supplies of the depot were
exhausted, and the amount in the treasury was reduced
to a nominal sum. A single call through the city
papers met a response worthy to be recorded to the
credit of the citizens of Cleveland to all time. Hos-
pital stores filled the empty shelves, and money
unsolicited flowed into the treasury. In addition to
individual gifts, the contributions of churches, societies,
clubs, lodges and schools were poured in. The em-
ployes of foundries, car-shops and boiler-shops gave
up the great national holiday of February 22d, and
devoted the wages of that day to their suffering
brothers in hospital.
In the illumination of the city on the evening of
February 2 2d, over this first great victory in the
West, the Society, thus encouraged, gladly took part,
and its windows shone with transparencies typical of
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44 AN AUTOGRAPH TESTIMONIAL.
the succor that the people were bringing to their
wounded.
Before the week ended, two hundred and sixty boxes
had been shipped to Cairo and Louisville, where the
wounded of this dear-bought triumph were now gath-
ering. The president of the Society accompanied
these stores to Louisville, and by the kindness of the
Louisville Branch Sanitary Commission gained access
to the crowded hospitals, giving her personal attention
to the sufferers, and making the acquaintance of several
loyal women of that city, who were then organizing
ward committees for visiting and relieving the
wounded.
By request of these ladies, an informal meeting was
held, when the working system of Northern Ohio aid
societies was fiilly explained to them.
The aid of the Cleveland Branch was cordially
offered, and for many succeeding weeks the delicacies
sent from the North found their way to the Fort
Donelson wounded, through the hands of these Louis-
ville ward committees.
To provide this special hospital diet, a direct appeal
was made, April 2d, in Circular No. 8, to the farmers
of the vicinity. Butter, eggs, cheese, chickens, dried
apples and pickles were earnestly solicited, and were
sent in such quantity as to make a sensible improve-
ment in Louisville hospitals.
Though many were the appreciative messages
returned to the zealous workers of the Society, none
so stirred their hearts as an autograph testimonial of
two hundred and ninety-two of the Fort Donelson
wounded, who, in Hospital No. 5, Louisville, had
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A TRIP TO THE FRONT. 45
received the gifts of the Soldiers' Aid Society of
Northern Ohio.
This direct communication with hospitals where
hundreds, dear to Northern hearts, were lying
desperately wounded, gave to many their first vivid
picture of the sufferings of the battle-field, and deep-
ened their interest in all measures for relief.
At the Aid Eooms, voices sank low as surgeon's
supplies were discussed, the fleecy lint was tenderly
handled, the soft linen almost reverently folded,
and little groups from the country watched with
new and tearful interest the mysteries of bandage
rolling.
None of the corps of Aid Eoom workers at that
day will ever forget the passionate burst of tears that
greeted the old father who came feebly in to ask for
a pair of crutches for his forever-crippled son, one of
the first to make the painful journey back to his
Ohio home.
By the fall of Fort Donelson, Nashville was opened
to the North, and here the Sanitary Commission early
sought to enter.
April 1st, the secretary of the Cleveland Society
accompanied Dr. Newberry and Dr. Eead to Nash-
ville, to see some results of Sanitary work at the front,
and to aid in establishing a supply depot in that city,
now an important base of Sanitary operation.
The following extract is from a letter written during
that visit to the South-west :
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46 SANITARY DEPOT, NASHVILLE.
St. Cloud Hotbl, Nashville, Tennessee, }
April 4th, 1862. \
** Dear Mks. Rouse and Ladies op '95 Bank Street/
Wliat do you think of my coming down here and opening a store ? an
opposition establishment? and doing a brisk business, too !
Yet so it is, and could you look into our new Sanitary depot here, it would
seem to you like nothing in the world so much as our dear 95 Bank street
translated into Dixie. For here are our boxes and shelves and labels, all
after the fashion of that thriving institution, and closer view reveals a
certain familiar stamp (S. A. S., Northern Ohio,) upon various articles of
clothing and bedding that are already piled upon the shelves, while many
a can of dainties or bottle of domestic wine bears on its label the name of
some Northern Ohio matron.
This depot of the Sanitary Commission, just opened, is well located in the
central i>art of the city, and already three hundred boxes have arrived from
the North. The stores that we shipped by express the day I left home have
come on from Louisville, and we have been busily at work unpacking and
arranging the supplies. It seemed like old times to be handling hospital
stores, and it did my soul good when, after a hard day's ^ork, we could look
at the well filled shelves and think how near our goods now are to the
place where they are so much needed.
The store is arranged very much like our own, and we have been busy
again this morning, writing labels and unpacking more boxes.
A pale and feeble soldier has just been in to ask for a towel. He was
a Michigan man, just discharged from hospital, and waiting for his pay in
order to go home. I had the pleasure of giving him some towels, a hand-
kerchief, a handful of soft crackers and a bottle of currant wine, made by
some good Ohio housekeeper.
You can scarcely imagine what importance our work assumes at this
point. To see a surgeon come in and draw a stock of clothing and bedding
and to visit his hospital next day and notice those very articles covering and
comforting the sick, is to find cause and effect in truly gratifying
proximity.
These stores tell a wonderful tale of the great benevolent heart of the
North, and of the union in good works that pervades our land. The women
of New England have sent their oflTerings, Cincinnati has done gener-
ously, the Louisville ladies have added their share, and our own Society
is liberally represented.
The surgeons are coming in almost hourly to make requisitions, and
under the careful eye of Dr. Read the wants of each hospital are being
relieved."
While thus engaged at Nashville, there came the
news of the battle of Pittsburg Landing, and the party
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BATTLE OF PITTSBURG LANDING. 47
at once went by government transport down the
Cumberland and up the Tennessee, carrying with them
hospital supplies, and meeting at Paducah and
merging into the wave of practical sympathy now fiiUy
in motion towards the scene of suffering. To meet
the necessities of that terrible conflict, the quick
impulses of a generous people promptly devised a
noble plan of succor. Scarcely had the vague rumors
of the long expected battle deepened into certainty,
when the floating palaces that in happier days glided
over our western rivers, obedient to the interests of
commerce or the calls of pleasure, now freighted with
stores of comfort and thronged with sympathizing
hearts, became the swift-winged messengers of mercy
t6 the victims of the deadly struggle. The various
branches of the Sanitary Commission and the authori-
ties of different States vied with each other in this
benevolent work, and the women of the North poured
out the abundant fruit of their patriotism, richly
rewarded by the tribute of gratitude sent up from the
pale and trembling lips of hundreds thus rescued from
distant and lonely graves.
The withdrawal of the Union forces from the posts
so long occupied in Kentucky, and their concentration
upon the head waters of the Tennessee, had been
watched with breathless anxiety. The general position
of the opposing forces was known, and the battle of
Pittsburg Landing had been long expected, yet the
final announcement of the victory and its terrible
price, kindled an excitement that no previous event of
the war had called forth in the West.
Had a shell from the rebel batteries burst upon
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48 THE EXCITEMENT IN CLEVELAND.
every hearth-stone, the consternation and dismay
throughout Northern Ohio could scarcely have been
greater. Nearly every regiment of the Western Re-
serve had been engaged, — our own dead covered the
fatal field, our own dear wounded were languishing
in that distant and desolated region. Over every
household hung the pall of a great bereavement, or
the scarcely less dense cloud of a heart-breaking sus-
pense.
The record of these exciting days in Cleveland, is
best given in a letter from the treasurer of the Aid
Society to the absent secretary.
" Cleveland Aid Rooms, 95 Bank Street, )
April 20tli, 1862. \
" On the first news of the battle, a meeting of the citizens of Cleveland
was at once called, and a committee appointed to go the same night to
Pittsburg Landing with such supplies as could be collected in the meantime.
The Soldiers' Aid Society Rooms seemed the natural point where the tide
of excitement culminated, and from morning till night the doors were thrown
open, and like a great wave, the throng of people ebbed and flowed — coming
and going — to bring their contributions — to learn the latest intelligence —
or to offer their services in preparing the shipment to be made before night.
When we entered the Aid Rooms that morning, the whole space was filled
with a sea of people, carrying boxes, baskets, parcels, pails and jars. The
street in front was crowded with drays loaded with heavier packages, con-
taining clothing, beddiMg, dressings, wine and fruit — the best which every
house afforded.
Long hoarded treasures of fine linen spun by grandmothers, and relics of
revolutionary times, which had been reserved in all previous emergencies,
now came to light and were freely offered. All our efforts werd in vain to
weigh or register these gifts with any accuracy. One courageous disciple
of order stood at the high desk, with day-book and pen, and an avenue was
opened to the scales, but the attempt signally failed. The tide of unregu-
lated benevolence swept over and obliterated this feeble resistance. While
one package of old linen was being recorded, twenty more valuable gifts
were set quietly down by their owners, who went away in full assurance
that the same would be discovered, recognized and credited in the weekly
acknowledgments. A failure to do this was in course of time duly reported
at the Aid Rooms. All our ordinary corps of workers were at their posts.
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HOSPITAL TRANSPORT WORK. 49
and scores of others, who were consigned to that sinking fund of patriotic
fervor, the rag-box, and these rolled bandages, folded compresses, packed
the stores of all kinds, working steadily far into the evening. Then there
were others — a great number — who had a deeper interest in the lists of
dead and wounded that came in m slowly. Men, women and children
waited hours for later despatches, and many a brave woman whose happi-
ness was at stake, worked all day with colorless face but undaunted courage,
preparing comforts which might save some soldier, if her own were beyond
aid. Here, a little girl who had stood with eyes filled with tears, listening
to the confused conversation, asked anxiously if * Charley was killed,' and
there, an old man, in faded and worn clothing, begged pardon of the ladies
tor crying, while he asked after his boy James — his youngest son, and the
only one left — who was in the battle, and who must have been killed, for
* he was always a good one to write.' Of course, for a day or two nothing
could be heard from James, Charley, or thousands of others, but a week or
two later the old father came one morning, radiant with happiness, and
accompanied by James — his arm in a sling, but delighted in the jyossession
of a thirty days' furlough. The * Missus' sent by them a jar of pickles to
the soldiers, as a thank ofiering.
The citizens' committee was to leave on the 10 r. m. train, and by night-
fall a re-enforcement of gentlemen came to help nail, pack and despatch the
one hundred boxes that were promptly ready at that hour.''
A self-constituted committee of the friends of the
Aid Society collected in one day and a half more than
three thousand dollars, which was devoted to the
purchase of material, and later to the expenses of
hospital transports. Day after day the stream of gifts
flowed in, soon swollen by a generous tide from the
country societies, and continuing for weeks unabated.
The impetus thus gained carried the Society through
many prosperous months.
The car-load of stores sent down the first day in
care of the Cleveland citizens' committee, was imme-
diately followed by an equally large shipment to the
Magnolia, a steamer fitted out by the Ohio State
authorities, and in charge of the Surgeon General of
the State.
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50 THE 8TEAMEE LANCASTER.
From the retrospect of those dark days, it is
pleasant to single out one bright memoiy. When
the Magnolia lay by the crowded river-side at Pittsburg
Landing, taking in her precious freight of suffering
humanity, the secretary of the Cleveland Aid Society,
passing down the long cabin between rows of freshly
spread cots, saw on each sheet and pillow and bed
garment, the well-known stamp of Northern Ohio
benevolence.
The Glendale and the Tycoon, despatched soon after
by the Governor on the same errand of mercy, were
also generously supplied, and consignments were made
to agents of the Sanitary Commission in Cincinnati, for
transfer to hospital steamers. The "Lancaster No. 4,'
held in charter by the Sanitary Commission, and run-
ning between Cincinnati and Pittsburg Landing, was
at once " adopted " by the Cleveland Society, and one
thousand dollars were voted from the treasury to aid
in her outfit of cots, table and bed furniture, lemons,
ice, fi'esh vegetables, etc., purchased by Dr. Newberry
in Cincinnati. The Society was further represented
by Mrs. B. O. Wilcox and Mrs. Stanley Noble, of the
Painesville Branch, who accompanied the Lancaster,
giving valuable assistance to the officials, in their care
of the sick and wounded. The Lancaster was em-
ployed throughout the summer by the Sanitary
Commission as a floating depot, supply steamer and
hospital ; plying between the army on the Tennessee
and the Mississippi, and the hospitals and markets on
the Ohio; carrying down a full cargo of stores for
distribution, and bringing back the sick and wounded
to Northern hospitals, or on furlough to their homes.
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THE DEPOT HOriPITAL. 51
For these feeble travelers a resting place was opened
by the Society, April I7th, 1862, in the Cleveland
Union Depot. To this, on the arrival of each train,
the soldier was directed by a faithful nui'se, and here
he found a comfortable bed and good cheer, and was
furnished with transportation, if necessary. The
establishment of this Depot Hospital is detailed in
the accompanying Special Relief Report.
The Cleveland Society stood pledged to add to the
cargo of the Lancaster, upon her touching at Cincin-
nati. Due notice of her approach was telegraphed
from Paducah, and this was made the basis of an
appeal to the ever-willing auxiliaries. Every Branch
Society redoubled its zeal, and at the Aid Rooms in
Cleveland the busy preparation for "steamer-day"
emulated the bustling activity of a foreign shipping
house.
The president and several members of the Society
accompanied Dr. Newberry to Pittsburg Landing,
upon the second trip of the Lancaster.
From a letter of one of these ladies the following
extracts are made :
"June 20tli, 1863.
" Dear Ladies op the Aid Society, Cleveland :
The evening of June 5th, 1862, saw us on board the Lancaster No.
4, bound for Pittsburg Landing. Our party comprised six physicians —
Dr. Newberry with his coadjutor, Dr. Prentice, at their head, a
clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal Church, six male nurses, and
five ladies who claimed the privilege of acting in any capacity the
necessities of the sick might demand, either as nurses or cooks, willing
that the yellow flag should cover the broad ground of woman's sphere
wherever a Christian humanity should direct it.
Our boat was richly freighted with hospital stores to be dispensed as the
exigencies of the boat or hospitals might demand. We embarked with the
pleasant appliances of a pleasure excursion — agreeable ofliicers, well fur-
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52 TO PITTSBURG LANDING.
nished saloon and state rooms ; and in genial society and the surroundings
of beautiful scenery, we drank in vigor and courage for the accomplishment
of our mission, which was to bring home such sick and wounded as could
with safety be removed from the Tennessee hospitals. We were to take
men irrespective of the State to which they belonged, and gather under the
folds of the United States flag all who had in common fought for the honor
of that flag, for surely all such were brothers. ♦ ♦ ♦
On the morning of June 10th we arrived at Pittsburg Landing. Such a
busy scene as there presented itself! ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
As it was determined that we were to ship our sick from Hamburg, six
miles south of the landing, we proceeded there the following day, and then
commenced our earnest work. The saloon of the Lancaster was stripped of
its carpets, lounges, etc., floors thoroughly washed, and a triple row of cots
ranged lengthwise through the saloon. Every available space on the
guards and lower deck was occupied by cots, and all hands put in requisition
to prepare for the reception of the invalid soldiers. Blessings on the Aid
Societies were invoked when the stores of sheets and comfortable quilts
were brought from their hiding place, and the cots made, one after another,
by their cleanliness and comfort, as inviting as those of a fine hotel. Bless-
ings, too, for the liberal supply of pillows for the aching heads that had
slept for so many weary weeks on the knapsack. Our preparations com-
pleted, we waited until the morning of Friday, the 12th inst., for our
precious freight.
On the morning of that day our patients — two hundred and
twenty-five in number — appeared on the hill abovo our landing,
brought thither from a hospital in that vicinity. We watched with intense
interest their progress to the boat. Of the whole number, not one descend-
ed the hill with the step of health. Bent and broken, either by the scourge
of fever or wounds, some on litters, some in half military dress, with the
loose sleeve proclaiming a terrible wound, others in dressing-gowns, sitting
down, as exhausted nature required, after a few steps. We at last mustered
our forces. The boat was divided into wards, each physician taking one as
his special care — the six nurses acting for all. After the men fell into their
comfortable quarters, the operation of bathing and dressing began. Soiled
clothing was removed, and your generous store of shirts and drawers furnish-
exi each poor fellow with comforts which spoke in their happy faces of a moral
elevation, since cleanliness is akin to godliness. Now all these sheets,
shirts, drawers, etc., bore the unmistakable mark of the Northern Ohio Aid
Society, and prompted the question, what would become of these sick men
if there was no such organization ? Again, when the nice supper appeared
with its modicum to each man of sweet bread, butter and fruit, with tea or
cofiee, as his taste directed, the same question was mentally propounded,
and gratefully we acknowledged the benevolence that had filled up the
awful hiatus between the necessities of our sick and wounded brothers and
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bk BOARb THE tAKCASTEE. 5^
the supplies which the best Government can afford. There was untold
satisfaction, too, in the ocular demonstration this trip afforded, that the
Sanitary Commission, with its authorized agents, goes to the spot and
directly applies its aid. There is no doubt tormenting the mind of the des-
tination of stores thus entrusted, for they are met in the very face of the
demand. It is not a box carefully marked by loving hands and entrusted to
steamboats and railways, but stores made available by the donors themselves,
through their own appointed agents, where the failure to meet their desti-
nation is the exception, never the rule.
Our kind clergyman, with his words of comfort, contributed materially to
the good we were dispensing. Three of our party were returning with
heavy hearts, having gone in quest of relatives whom they found " sleeping
the sleep that knows no waking." To these bruised spirits all administered.
One of the mourners — an octogenarian — was bearing to his home on the
banks of the Ohio the tidings of his son's death, but nothing daunted in his
patriotism by his calamity, he was willing to try his own hand in the fight
for his country's honor, if a call should be made for the grey haired, when
the younger men were exhausted.
On Sunday two services were held by the Rev. Dr. Stabket, one in the
cabin for the convalescents, and a second one in the evening, in the open
air, on the bow of the steamer, to an audience most of whom were unable
to rise from their cots. It was a lovely summer night which witnessed this
solemn service to men prostrated by disease, on the lonely waters of the
Tennessee, and hard must have been the heart that did not respond to the
fervent petitions of that hour.
Surely, the Lancaster on her homeward way, was an angel of mercy, dis-
pensing to hospitals at Savannah, Monterey and Hamburg, of the good
things with which she was freighted — giving, without stint, of fruits,
wines and clothing, gladdening the hearts of those, who, far from home
and the sympathy which surrounds it, recognize in the stamp of yours and
kindred societies, the tender and loving ministrations of woman and the
bright chain of living and practical benevolence which unites them with
home and all its endearing associations. *****
Very truly. Yours, J.
The interest of this journey was heightened by the
confidence gained in the ability and faithfulness of the
agents of the Sanitary Commission. The results of
these observations were given to the Branch Societies
in a letter from the president, issued July 15 th, as
Circular No. 9. For farther evidence of the usefulness
of hospital steamers, and interesting details of their
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54 GENERAL SHIPMENTS.
management, the reader is referred to a document of the
Sanitary Commission series, entitled " Brief Reports,"
written by Dr. J. S. Newberry, under whose charge
the trip of the Lancaster was made.
Though hospital transport work was a specialty
through this summer, the books of the Society show
that shipments had been made to over one hundred
geographical points in Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky
and Tennessee, and that the hospitals of Kansas had
been added to the list of beneficiaries.
The destitution in Kansas hospitals was first
brought to notice in March, 1862, by the report of J.
R. Brown, Esq., who was then traveling through that
State, by authority of the Sanitary Commission, to
learn what hospital stores not provided by Govern-
ment could be supplied by benevolence. Guided by
the advice and information of Mr. Brown, the Society
despatched stores to Post Hospital, Kansas City. This
was its first shipment to that department, with excep-
tion of a few boxes that had answered special calls
from Northern Ohio regiments on duty there. Mr.
Brown brought back from these regiments a hearty
and cheering acknowledgment of the gifts that they
had received. His report included an account of the
destitution among refugee Indians in Kansas, and
this was relieved to some extent by boxes of half- worn
clothing and bedding, collected from households in
and near Cleveland.
The claims of Kansas hospitals were henceforth
readily acknowledged by the Cleveland Branch, and
in the later establishment of a Sanitaiy Commission
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SANITARY AGENCY, LEAVENWORTH. 00
supply depot at Leavenworth, the repeated drafts of
Mr. Brown upon the Cleveland storehouse were
answered with a promptness intended to show the
confidence felt in this very faithful Sanitary agent and
truly excellent man.
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CHAPTER III.
Fkom a pamphlet report of the Society, published
July 1st, 1862, it appears that total cash receipts to
that date were nearly seventy-six hundred dollars.
Two-thirds of this sum had been expended in furnish-
ing hospital steamers and in purchase of materials
from which eleven thousand articles of clothing and
bedding had been made by the central society. Ninety
six thousand articles and one hundred and twenty-one
thousand pounds of hospital comforts had been-
received at the Cleveland Aid Rooms, — the contribu-
tion of Northern Ohio.
Three hundred and twenty-one organized societies
had been entered as corresponding and supply
Branches of the Cleveland Sanitary Commission.
The most cordial relations existed between these
associations and the central organization. Many of
these Branches possessed the elements of self-susten-
ance, but to maintain the life and vigor of others,
much fostering care was required. It was a constant
study to promote the interests of the tributaries, and
such eflfbrt invariably brought rich reward.
Through the first six or eight months of its existence,
the Cleveland Aid Society had a hard struggle for
life. So much desultory work was done by the people
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hiN iiy A VAllnnJir T'I^t <.J,-iLi.H i
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GEOGRAPHICAL LIMITS.
5^
directly to their friends in the army, that it was only
by much persistence that Sanitary labors were
centralized. The Society does not profess to have
engrossed all the relief work of its district, — it only
claims to have gathered it into form, given it direction,
and made it more effective.
The people of Northern Ohio were constantly
showing their interest in the soldiers by sending boxes
to individuals in the army, Christmas and Thanks-
giving gifts to friends in camp, — presenting socks and
mittens to regiments on marching away, — despatching
messengers with boxes of home dainties down to " the
front." (See I. Samuel, 17th Chap., 17th and 18tli
verses.)
This outside work is entered upon no record of
Sanitary effort, but it is certain that the aid societies
were the " head centers " of all communication between
the home and the army, and that by their being kept
in vigorous condition an impetus was given to all such
work, whether done strictly within their limits or not.
The territory from which supplies were drawn was
extremely limited, not exceeding eighteen counties in
the north-eastern part of Ohio. A few towns in
southern Michigan, western New York and north-
western Pennsylvania were tributary to Cleveland
during the first years of the war, but later these were
naturally withdrawn to the agencies established at
Detroit, Buffalo and Pittsburgh. Meadville, Pa., was
the only considerable town outside of the State of
Ohio in which a Branch of the Cleveland Sanitary
Commission was maintained to the end of the war.
The north-western part of Ohio, having direct rail-
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58 CULTIVATING THE FIELD.
road communication with Cincinnati, sent its hospital
contributions generally to that supply center.
Columbus had its own agency, which drew its
support from the central part of the State.
The geographical position of Cleveland limited the
territory of its Aid Society, since it could not be
expected that towns in the central or southern part
of the State would send stores northward, knowing
they would be at once re-shipped to the south, over
the same line of transportation.
This small field was carefully cultivated, and in it a
constituency was built up, of branch societies num-
bering at the close of the war five hundred and
twenty-five.
There was scarcely a town, village or hamlet in this
district that had not its "Aid Society " or " Soldiers'
Relief Association." Even the children were inspired
by zeal unto good works to organize in school-house
and play-room their " Busy Bee," " Wide Awake" or
"X.Y.Z." societies.
It is believed that no other arm of the United
States Santtary Commission had so intimate com-
munication with its tributaries, or drew from so small
a district greater results.
The officers of each local organization were noted
on the books at the Cleveland Aid Rooms with
accurate post-office address. At stated intervals, blanks
were issued to each Branch, to be filled and returned,
showing what changes of officers had taken place, by
election or otherwise. The secretary's books were cor-
rected to agree with these reports. Personal letters
were addressed at least once a month to the secretary
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RELATIONS WITH BRANCH SOCIETIES. 59
of each society, besides the receipts and letters that
were always sent in acknowledgment of boxes, and the
frequent answers to inquiries concerning work, and
many other mattera of business that were constantly
refen^ed by the local societies to the central rooms.
No attempt was made to divert contributions out of
the direct channel towards the army. Towns were
always advised to send to the Sanitary agency nearest
the point of demand.
The relation of the Branches to the Cleveland
Society was purely one of self interest, and could be
broken at any moment if they so desired. No pledge
of union was exacted from them, nor was there any
attempt to say what proportion of their goods should
be forwarded through this agency.
With the Cleveland Society rested the duty of
binding the Branches to itself by making it clearly for
their interest to continue the relation. It had also the
burden and responsibility of establishing and conduct-
ing arrangements with transportation agencies and the
general Commission, whereby goods could be safely
conveyed and wisely distributed. The Branches had
only to prepare their shipments and despatch them to
Cleveland. Once arrived there, their responsibility
might be considered at an end.
The aid societies of Northern Ohio were a power
for loyalty. The hands of Union men at home were
as surely held up by this little band of workers in
every town and village, as were the hearts of the
soldiers in the field cheered by the knowledge that
friends at home were busy for their comfort. The
Union element in a town was sure to crystallize around
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60 bUTIES Ot^ *HK OB^FlC^RS.
its Aid Society. The " Union" or " Peace " proclivities
of a man were clearly indicated by his good- will and
generosity towards "the Sanitary," or his open or
covert attacks upon it.
The work undertaken for sweet charity only, soon
became an exponent of political sentiment. This was
sharply brought out in the latter years of the war,
and union conventions and loyal leagues recognized
the value of the aid societies by making frequent con-
tributions to their support.
The Cleveland Aid Rooms in these days presented
a busy scene indeed. The business of influencing,
receiving and disbursing money and stores, and the
practical details of purchasing, invoicing and shipping
were managed by the officers, there being no finance,
advisory or auditing board of gentlemen, as was
usual elsewhere in similar institutions.
Throughout the entire existence of the Society, its
officers were happily able to give their whole time to
a work in which they were interested heart and souL
No salary was ever asked or received by any one of
them, and not one cent was ever drawn from the
treasury for their traveling or other expenses, even
when they were absent on the necessary business of
the Society.
The officers were effectively aided by volunteer
committees, appointed at each business meeting for
the ensuing month. Besides those whose names have
been given on page 24, as forming the committees at
the organization of the Society, the following ladies
should have honorable mention :
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AID BOOM COMMITTEES. 61
Mrg. Dr. Merritt, Mrs. K. C. Yates, Mrs. J. M.
Richards, Mrs. S. W. CRrrrENDEN, Mrs. Lauderdale,
Mrs. Henry Newberry, Mrs. E. F. Gaylord, Mrs.
James Barnett, Miss Annette Barneit, Mrs. Albert
M. Harmon, Mrs. C. D. Brayton, Mrs. Lepper, Mrs.
E. S. IsoM, Mrs. S. A. Jewett, Mrs. Charles Wheeler,
Mrs. Thomas Burnham, Mrs. L. Alcott, Mrs. H. B.
HuRLBURT, Mrs. Beverlin, Mrs. Gr. A. Hyde, Mrs. A.
Fuller, Mrs. H. H. Little, Mrs. L T. Stevens, Mrs.
L. Burton, Mrs. O. B. Skinner, Mrs. Dr. Hopkins,
Mrs. Stanley Noble, Mrs. Dr. Thayer, Mrs. Edwin
Thayer, Mrs. Geo. B. Ely, Miss Belle Carter, Miss
Lily Walton.
Many ladies of these committees continued month
after month in the discharge of their self imposed
duties, greatly overtaxing theii* strength by a degree
of manual labor that woman is seldom called to
perform.
The unpacking, assorting and repacking of goods
required many busy hands, besides those that were
engaged in cutting, giving out and receiving back
the garments made from material furnished.
There was also the stamping of each article with the
name of the Society and of the Sanitary Commission,
adopted as a precaution against fraudulent appropria-
tion, and as a proof to the soldier that such articles
were not fui'nished by Government, and could neither
be sold to him nor their price held back from his
pay.
Many articles of bedding received at the Aid Rooms
bad been drawn from household stores, and still bore
the quaint sampler-stitch initial or written name of
the donor.
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62 MARKED ARTICLES.
"Album quilts " were a favorite conceit of sewing
circles, where each lady would contribute a patchwork
square made from scraps of her own dresses, writing
upon it her name and a patriotic sentiment or
cheering couplet.
Instances were not few when the soldier in far-off
hospital was cheered by sight of some such familiar
sign on sheet or counterpane, or gladly rested his
weary head upon a pillow that bore a dear and well-
known name.
Socks went to the soldiers with such good wishes as
the following :
" Brave sentry, on your lonely beat,
May these blue stockings warm your feet,
And when from ware and camps you part.
May some fair knitter warm your heart."
A bit of paper bearing a few words of kindness and
sympathy was often found pinned into the sleeve of
a new garment, which thus became doubly the mes-
senger of good- will from home to hospital.
Who can estimate the value of such a gift to one
who, for months separated from friends and bearing a
soldier's burdens in a distant region, is thus made to
feel that gentle hands still hold the lengthening chain
that binds him to his home !
The unpacking committee often found in a box
from the country a garment having the Aid Room
stamp, that had been worn home from hospital by a
soldier and was now returned to do a second mission
of comfort.
There w^ere other gifts that were more tenderly
handled, with such labels as these :
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CANNED FRUIT AND JELLIES. 63
"A pillow and sheet on which my wounded son was brought home from
Cross Lanes."
" Three pairs of socks, sent home in the knapsack of a dear brother who
fell at Antietam."
The duties of the Aid Room committees did not
end with a general attention to the stock. There was
also special care to be given to a class of stores that,
through too hasty preparation or packing, often came
to the Aid Rooms in a state unfit for direct forwarding.
Corks were to be secured, labels adjusted, lids
cemented, leaks detected and their damages repaired.
"What genius of mischief first proposed canned fruit
as an article of sick diet, or why army surgeons and
hospital nurses should be supposed to subsist exclu-
sively upon that luxury, are mysteries beyond solution
in this volume. Certain it is, that no other supplies
gave so much trouble in preparation, were so ill fitted
to bear transportation and change of temperature, or
were so damaging to the honest name of surgeon,
nurse, and Sanitary Commission.
A great discouragement was the constant cry that
" the soldiers don't get the things," and " the surgeons
and nurses eat up everything." " Everything " w^as
invariably acknowledged to mean the canned fruit
and jellies, yet it was in vain to advise against
sending these, or to set forth that other stores could
be prepared at less cost, were more safely forwarded,
and offered less temptation to dishonest fingers.
It was not in the hearts of Northern Ohio women
to withhold from the soldiers any luxury that they
themselves enjoyed. To the very last, canned fruit
crowded Aid Room shelves and perplexed Aid Room
committees.
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64 8T0REKEEPIKG PERPLEXITIES.
It was hard for the thrifty matron, in her well-or-
dered home, to remember the difference between an
army surgeon's menage and her own careful house-
keeping. Sometimes a jar of pickles would come to
the Aid Rooms labeled with directions to the surgeon
of the hospital to "pour off the brine, throw on
scalding vinegar, and keep them in a cool place," — or
a little package of roots and herbs, with a careful
recipe for steeping them in certain proportions, to
make " a very good cough mixture," or " a wash for
sore mouth."
It was hard, too, to comprehend the wreck and ruin
of war, to admit that among its attendant evils
wastefulness is conspicuous and inevitable, and that
in this waste — with the best that can be done to pre-
vent it — the supplies of benevolent associations, as
well as the furnishings of Government, must share.
There arose in Aid Room storekeeping three sea-
sons of special perplexity, that, however, well illus-
trate the promptness and enthusiasm of Northern
Ohio benevolence.
In an unlucky hour, some patriotic soul, with more
zeal than knowledge, proposed bottled cuiTant-juice
— without sugar — as the appropriate " offering of a
grateful people to their suffering defenders." This
hint, going the rounds of the country press, was
eagerly caught up and instantly acted upon. Box
after box was unloaded at the Aid Rooms, filled with
bottles of this bright translucent liquid. Torpedoes
from Dixie could scarcely have produced greater con-
sternation. Its short history was one of uneasy
bubble, internal ferment and outbursting rebellion.
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CURRANT-JUIOE AND TOAST. 65
Corks flew, glass shivered, and committee-women
broke ranks and fled in dismay before the enfilading
fire of this novel battery. Certain sanguineous stains
on the floor and mysterious tracery on walls and ceil-
ing were long the significant reminders of this "cur-
rant-juice cannonade."
Again, there crept into the newspapers a sugges-
tion that slices of dry toast should be packed into
barrels and sent to hospitals. Before experience could
report upon the value of this advice, dray loads of
barreled toast had been deposited at the Aid Koom
door. If the bread had been carefully toasted and
made perfectly dry, the rough handling of the barrel
by railroad porters or the jolting over country roads
reduced the slices to minute crumbs ; but if, as was
most likely, it had been hastily packed, only half dry,
the whole became a sour and mouldy mass, only fit
to be cast out wherever dumping ground could be
found for it. The Aid Room committees from be-
neath a mountain of mouldering crusts sent forth
their reiterated outcry against this waste. Even
letters and printed protests were slow in convincing
the zealous workers that their labor was worse than
vain. Week after week the process of toasting bread
went on as though the fires of Northern Ohio patri-
otism had been kindled solely for that purpose.
But these annoyances were as nothing to the trials
of the "concentrated chicken era," in the spring of
1862. This was specially vexatious because the
advice which proved so unlucky had been sent out
from the Aid Rooms.
From the East there had come a i-ecipe, strongly
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66 CONCENTRATED CHICKEN.
endorsed, for stewing down chicken, condensing the
broth and sealing the whole in tin cans. This recipe
was circulated by the Aid Society among its tributa-
ries, who were enjoined to enter at once upon the
preparation of "this invaluable article of hospital
diet."
The aid societies threw themselves into this work
in their own generous way. Chicken had been pre.
scribed for their soldier boys, — chicken they should
have ! Poultry-yard and chicken-coop yielded up the
victims of this new decree. The " murder of the inno-
cents " went on with unsparing hand. "Bees" assem-
bled in every kitchen, the steaming kettle sent up a
savory odor from every fireside.
The first shipments reached the Cleveland Aid
Rooms in apparent good order, and were immediately
and with great satisfaction forwarded to hospitals.
A few boxes are known to have borne transportation
well and to have been a welcome treat to the sick
soldiers. But either the process was defective, the
haste in packing too great, or it may have been that
the zeal infiised into the preparation induced fermen-
tation in the cans ! Soon, " bouquet de concentrated
chicken" began to pervade the atmosphere of Aid
Rooms and to exhale in overpowering effluvia from
every box that came in. An ominous " chipper " and
bubble arose among the cans on the shelf, followed
by a gaseous explosion, — after which, decidedly
stronger "bouquet."
Words cannot do justice to this new perfume, —
memory once saturated with it can never be purged
of the experience !
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OFFICE DUTIES. 67
Committee- women, sick and faint, longed for retire-
ment and a camphor-bottle. Some, more resolute, with
cologne-drenched handkerchief and face averted, ven-
tured to open and explore the boxes, dragging out
the contents thoroughly impregnated with the nause-
ous odor or soaked and ruined by the bursting of a
single can. Business meetings were conducted with
great gravity, each member holding a saucer of disin-
fectants under her devoted nose.
Surgeons politely acknowledged to the Aid Soci-
ety the receipt of a box, "presumed by the odor,
to contain condensed chicken." Sanitary agents at
Nashville despairingly cried, " Stay ! the Cumberland
river is already blockaded with cans of con — ^founded
chicken ! "
Neighbors voted the establishment a nuisance, doc-
tors denounced it, and cholera threatened it. Chloride
of lime at last carried the day !
In the office of the Aid Rooms a carefiil system of
book-keeping and invoicing had been early adopted.
A list of every article contributed, with name of donor,
was published weekly in the Cleveland Herald.
Each box from the country was further acknowledged
by a personal letter aiming to convey advice, informa-
tion and encouragement. The limits of the day were
all too short for these duties, and the correspondence
and preparation for the press were often carried far
into the night.
. Though frequent circulars had been issued, sani-
tary publications scattered and constant appeals made
through the press, it now seemed important to have
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68 " LEADER ARTICLES.
some stated means of advancmg the interests of the
Sanitary Conunis^on throughout Northern Ohio and
of communicating with the tributaries of the Cleve-
land Branch more fully than could be don^ by letter
only.
While this was in discussion by the ladies in their
little oflSlce, many suggestions being made only to be
rejected, Mr. E. Cowles, of the Cleveland Leader,
oflfered two columns per week of that paper to the
Society.
The ladies gladly accepted this invitation to join
the corps editorial. Thursday evening was hereafter
known, in Aid Society parlance, as " Leader night,"
when a stirring appeal was to be written, a digest of
the week's business prepared, letters from the front
condensed, sanitary news summed up, home relief re-
ported, prejudices and rumors dissipated and flagging
enthusiasm galvanized.
The " wee sma' hours " often found the tyro in her
sanctum, deep in the mysteries of scissors and quill,
aglow with the excitement of composition, or nervously
dreading the caU for " more copy."
For more than two years, and until other plans made
their continuance unnecessary, the Soldiers Aid Society
articles filled and often overran the space assigned
them in the Saturday morning issue of the Cleveland
Leader.
The mailing of circulars and other papers, which
became later a work that required a constant round of
really wearying labor, was no small task even at this
early day. For more than three years. Miss Carrie P.
YouNTGLOVE, a mnch valued member of the Aid Room
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DOCUMENT COMMITTEES. 69
corps, had charge of this depart ineat, performing her
volunteer duties as Document Clerk with untiring
perseverance and much ability.
The ladies who assisted in this department at differ-
ent times during the earlier years of the war were : —
Miss Maey Shelley, Miss Cabbie Gbant, Miss
GrEOBGiA GoBDON, Miss Helek Lesteb, Miss Nellie
E.USSELL, Miss Claba WooLSOK, Miss Nettie Bbayton,
Mrs. Geo. S. Mygatt and Mrs. Frajsk W. Pabsoits.
The invoicing and registering had now become too
important to be left to the changing hands of volun-
teer committees, however able and zealous these
might be.
Miss Saba Mahan, whose valuable services had
for some months been given, was from this time —
August 1st, 1862 — employed as office assistant. Now
fully identified with the Society, her well trained mind
and fine business abilities were faithfully devoted to
its interests. This engagement was continued till the
close of the supply work in October, 1865.
A PICTUBE of the CLEVELAND AID BOOMS.
At 8 o'clock the Rooms are open and the ladies
assemble for the business of the day.
The boxes unloaded by the drayman upon the
pavement, after receiving their entry numbers, are
trundled through the wide door and the lids skilfully
removed by the porter or energetically pried off by
some impatient member of the unpacking committee,
whose duties now begin.
Cautiously she peeps under the layers, not without
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70 . PICTURE OF THE AID BOOMS.
fear that some mischievous cork, false to its trust, may
have spread liquid ruin among the soft folds.
Shirts and drawers, as they come forth, are duly
counted, examined and noted. If zealous haste has
despatched them minus a button or a string, the defi-
ciency is supplied by some careful matron who sits
near. The garment is then thrown with the others
upon a high counter, behind which is enthroned a
third committee-woman with stencil-plate and biaish.
The labels and mottoes which she may find nestling
in the pocket of a dressing-gown or hidden in the
soldier's thread-case, she does not remove. Steadily
she works there, affixing the indelible stamp,
SAS. ^
and each article passes from her hand into its
appointed place in one or another of the great
hinged receiving-cases that form a row down the
long room.
Books and pamphlets receive the same stamp and
are then piled upon their allotted shelf, where some
soldier from the city camp may often be seen turning
over the leaves, with free permission to choose.
Bags of dried fruit are tumbled in a heap upon the
scales. Bottles and jugs as they appear are closely
inspected, the sound careftdly re-packed in sawdust,
the defective cemented anew or, if too far gone for
that, set aside for the Home, the city hospital or the
sick soldier not many squares off.
At a table in the middle of the room a bandage
^%«£
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COMMITTEES AT WORK. 71
machine is whirling, under a hand grown dextrous by
much practice in these sad days. Before the old-linen
box stands an embodiment of patience, vainly toiling
to bring order out of the ever uprising mass.
Just behind is the busy packing committee, upon
whose skilfulness rests the good name of the Society
with the army. Bending over their work, they fold
and smooth and crowd down each article with its kind,
until there is space only for the invoice-sheet at top,
and the box awaits the porter's hammer and its tally
number, before being consigned to the store house.
The long table at the end of the room is occupied
by the work committee. Here bed-sacks and sheets
are torn off with an electrifying report, and two pairs
of savage shears are cutting their vigorous way
through a bolt of " army blue " flannel. The pattern
is not now on the giant scale prescribed in the early
days by the Sanitary Commission " powers that be ; "
a specimen of which, saucy sarcasm has nailed in
" spread eagle " fashion to the wall yonder. Economy
and womanly sense have reduced the dimensions to
the proportions of ordinary humanity.
The cut garments, duly rolled and ticketed, are
stowed away in the " work-box," to be given out to
ladies of the city or sent in packages to bridge over a
financial gap in some country society.
Two or three ladies, delegates from some neighboring
Branch, are narrowly watching this busy scene while
receiving, from highest official sources, suggestions and
sympathy, if need be. Under the same hospitable
guidance they make a tour of inspection through
the gi'eat room and into the little office in the rear,
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72 THE AID ROOM OFFICE.
wKich is separated from the main apartment only by
a glazed partition.
Here, some tokens of feminity have crept in, despite
the evident determination to give it a severe business
air. A modest carpet covers the floor, the big box of
documents in the comer, cunningly cushioned, takes
ambitious rank as a sofa, some kind body has sent in
a rocking chair, sometimes a bouquet graces the table,
and two or three pictures have found their way upon
the wall among railroad time-tables and shipping
guides. But the latest war bulletin hangs with them
there, and all these amenities fail to disguise the
character of the room or to draw attention from the
duties of the hour.
Here, at her desk, sits one whom fate and the re-
sponsibilities of office have called to " carry the bag "
and to make the neatest of figures in the largest of
ledgers. There stands another, knitting her brows
over the complications of a country invoice or a
" short " shipping bill. A third is perpetually flitting
between her entry-desk in the outer room and the
office table, where two bright-eyed girls are folding
circulars. A fourth drops her plethoric file of " un-
answered letters," to read proof for the printer's boy
at her elbow or to note down, for future use, the
sanitary news as it falls fresh from the lips of an agent
who has called in, en route from the front, to give a
cordial hand to the ladies.
The above may be called an instantaneous view
of the Aid Rooms in their every-day estate, but the
varying phases of experience there were like the ever-
shiffcing combinations of a kaleidoscope.
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VARIED EXPEEIENCB. 73
There were the shipping days, when committees
fled to shelter while the porter rent the air with
shrieking saw and resounding hammer, and draymen
blockaded passage with a mountain of boxes and
barrels that were tallied off by some half-distracted
woman perched in a corner with check-book and
pencil.
To these succeeded grand cleaning and scrubbing
seasons, when a deluge overwhelmed this little world
and Babel with its confusion of tongues seemed to
have arisen in the midst.
There were unlucky days, when a soldier fresh
from the field would come in to ask some trifling
aid, because he "had never had anything from the
Sanitary," — when desponding visitors reported that
their Aid Society, disheartened by a similar experi-
ence, was failing in numbers and interest, — and when
cautious correspondents detailed stories of waste and
fraud, too vague to be traced out and disproved or
remedied, yet plausible enough to plant an uncomfort-
able sting.
There were rare days, when the hive stopped its
busy hum, as the honored and lamented Footb spoke
a few memorable words to the listening group, —
or the gallant Hooker, the modest Sigel, or some
lesser luminary of the military firmament, came in
to give a soldier's frank and hearty greeting, — or the
Governor and State ofllcials offered a word of cheer,
— or the officers of another Branch in some distant
city made a friendly call, — or the chief representatives
of the U. S. Sanitary Commission appeared on a so-
called "inspection," which they by subtile courtesy
turned into a visit of compliment and approval.
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74 LIGHTS AND SHADOWS.
Some strange occasions there were, as when a bril-
liant Zouave soldier in full uniform, with knapsack
and gun, was discovered to be an adventurous maiden
in disguise, — and a suspicious looking woman who
entered the Aid Room doors claiming charity turned
out to be a young deserter and spy, and was indig-
nantly handed over to the swift justice of the Provost
Marshal !
There were dark days, when Union reverses fell
heavily upon the heart, — when wives and mothers
with blanched faces thronged the Rooms, — when
suffering lifted up its voice in some new quarter, from
neglected field or ill-appointed hospital.
But the bright days ! — rich in golden opportunities !
when a grateful word from a passing soldier proved
that these busy hands had woven at least one gleam-
ing thread into the web of some clouded life, — when a
friendly word, fitly spoken, put to flight all discourage-
ments,— when a letter of acknowledgment from some
distant hospital became full payment for all the toils
of Aid Room life, — when the stirring notes of vic-
toiy brought hope that the day of peace was not
far off!
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CHAPTER IV.
Like most of the other Northern States, Ohio had
its Relief Association, organized by Ohioans in gov-
ernment offices at Washington, on behalf of soldiers
from their own State who were lying in hospital there.
This association naturally received the endorsement
and protection of the Governor and the influence of
the State authorities and prominent politicians.
The officers of the Ohio Relief Association were
earnest in purpose and zealous in their attentions to
Ohio men, visiting them daily by committees, supply-
ing them with comforts, and reporting their condition
to friends at home.
July 22d, 1862, the Cleveland Aid Society received
from the Ohio Relief Association a request for a lim-
ited supply of hospital stores. Four boxes of choice
stores were immediately sent on by Express. A vote
of thanks was duly returned, with the assurance that
these were ample for present distribution. A second
appeal three weeks later was answered by eighteen
boxes. These received like acknowledgment and
assurance.
September l7th, 1862, the secretary and treasurer
of the Cleveland Aid Society amved in Washington
while the battle of Antietam was raging. They
76
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76 A VISIT TO WASHINGTON.
deeply shared the universal anxiety, and participated
in the satisfaction with which President Lincoln's
emancipation proclamation was received five days
later.
The journey to Washington, which included a series
of hospital visits, had been made with a hope of check-
ing a strong diversion lately attempted among the
Northern Ohio aid societies by ladies in Washington
who, independently of any organization, were carry-
ing on desultory and injudicious work in hospitals
around the capital. In this object it was wholly
successful.
The visit had a further purpose in the endeavor to
establish friendly relations between the Sanitary Com-
mission and the Ohio Relief Association.
Obedient to the instructions received upon aflSliating
with the Sanitary Commission, the Cleveland Branch
had hitherto worked almost exclusively within the
Western Department. The wider area of military
occupation at the West, the constant service of the
Western armies and their greater distance from the
supply base, were obvious reasons for doing so, and
for leaving to the central office of the Sanitary Com-
mission in Washington, and its prosperous Branches
in the East, the care of the forces so long lying in
" masterly inactivity " upon the Potomac. Economy
of time and money were further arguments for this
division of labor. Convinced of this, the Society had
sent supplies to the Ohio Relief Association rather
from sympathy with any call for aid than as a measure
of wisdom, and with a protest against the narrow
policy that limited their benefits to Ohio men.
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OHIO BELIEF ASSOCIATION. 77
An attempt was now made to present the officers
of the Ohio Relief Association at headquarters of the
Sanitary Commission in Washington, and to gain for
them the promise of supplies from that storehouse.
The gentlemen of the Sanitary Commission courteously
agreed to the suggestion and for a time it was followed
out, but the principles of the associations were antag-
onistic and this effort to reconcile them was only
temporarily successful.
Enrolled under the broad banner of a national
Commission, the Cleveland Aid Society could not cor-
dially fraternize with a charity bounded by State lines.
It« tributary societies throughout Northern Ohio,
thoroughly loyal, were never drawn from their alle-
giance, though later in the war attempts were made
by those high in State authority, to engage them in
the exclusive interest of Ohio soldiers.
A great deal of outside work was done by many
Branch societies in aid of the State association. This
was perfectly well understood at the Aid Booms and
no objection was made to it. Supplies designated for
the Ohio Relief Association were constantly arriving
at the Cleveland Aid Rooms, and were always for-
warded without charge to donors or to the Association.
Every direct appeal of the Ohio Relief Association
to the Cleveland Aid Society was answered by a ship-
ment as liberal as the urgency of the call seemed to
require, and the officera of the Aid Society were well
satisfied that such stores were distributed faithfully
to Ohio men.
The personal services of several members of the
Ohio Relief Association among the wounded at
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78 BATTLE OF PEERYVILLE.
Acquia Creek and Belle Plain, in later years of the
war, ought not to go unrecorded. It is hoped that
some detailed report of that work will yet be made
public.
The condition of the wounded after the battle of
Perry ville, Ky., — fought October 8th, 1862, — was a
sad commentary upon the meagre transportation at
that time afforded to the Medical Department.
Carelessness, inhumanity or the secrecy demanded
by military exigencies, kept the medical authorities too
loDg ignorant of the point where surgeons' stores
would be required, and when the time of need came
no adequate conveyance was provided for them.
With characteristic energy the Sanitary Commission
immediately pushed forward from Louisville three
wagons and twenty ambulances loaded with hospital
stores, and its agents were the first to bring relief
when help was needed more than toDgue can tell.
The news of this distressing state of things, tele-
graphed northward to the sources of supply, was
immediately answered by the Cleveland Aid Society
with a shipment of six hundred sets of hospital
clothing, four hundred bed-sacks and minor articles in
proportion. Two hundred sets of clothing were for-
warded a few days later on request of the Governor,
to be distributed by the Ohio State Relief agent.
This brought the Society again to empty shelves
and an exhausted purse, at a time when it was im-
portant to forestal the rapidly rising prices of cotton
and woolen goods by immediate purchase.
In this emergency. Dr. Newberry advanced five
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PAINFUL RUMORS. 79
hundred dollars from the general treasury of the
Sanitary Commission. This was the same day in-
vested in material for hospital clothing. A strong
appeal was made for money, and suhscription books
were opened at the Aid Rooms where gentlemen
were invited to call and enroll themselves as members
for one year, by payment of one dollar monthly.
Two ladies of the Society, Mrs. Geo. A. Benedict and
Mrs. Wm. Mittleberger, took upon themselves the
laborious task of canvassing the city for these honor-
ary memberships.
Meantime, heart-rending stories of neglect and want
in Perryville hospitals flew homeward on the wings of
the wind, while reports of the relief-work done there
traveled but slowly or came not at all from the
sufferers to their distracted friends. Ignorant of the
real cause of so much needless suffering and knowing
not where to cast the blame, scores of earnest laborers
in the Sanitary Commission now found their faith in
its efficiency sorely tried.
Into the Cleveland Aid Rooms was poured a tor-
rent of excited inquiry and indignant protest, which
burst all bounds when an aged mother appeared,
crashing in her trembling hand the letter that
told a heart-breaking tale of her youngest and best-
loved boy dying in one of those ill-conditioned hos-
pitals, unfriended and uncared for. Frenzied with
grief, she would not be comforted, but announced the
desperate purpose of pushing her way to his bedside
alone.
The ladies of the Society, deeply moved by this
piteous scene and feeling it imperative to fathom the
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80 A TBIP TO PERRYVILLE.
flood of painful rumors that threatened the very life
of their work, took an instant resolution to bring
eye-witness testimony against this unreasoning excite-
ment.
Three hours later, the president and secretary were
on their way to Perryville, taking as their only lug-
gage a trunk stowed with oysters, soup-stock and
stimulants. During a few hours' accidental detention
at Cincinnati, they visited the Sanitary Commission
ofllces, the Soldiers' Home and the city military hos-
pitals.
At Louisville, stringent rules against the passage
of women to the army had just been promulgated
by highest authorities. A personal interview with
General Boyle, who was then post commandant,
supported by credentials from the Sanitary Commis-
sion, soon removed this barrier, and the travelers
were fortunate in having the escort of Dr. A. N. Read,
chief Inspector of the Sanitary Commission for that
department. The party was further pleasantly en-
larged by Rev. B. W. Chidlaw, the truly " Christian
agent" from Cincinnati, and Joseph Sheppen, Esq.,
then Pennsylvania State Relief Commissioner, but
later engaged in the service of the Sanitary Commis-
sion. At Perryville the dying boy was at once
sought out, his last hours soothed, and his son*owing
mother in some degree comforted by knowing that
her son had not died imfriended. The report of a
week spent in the hospitals of Louisville, Lebanon,
Perryville and Danville, was made to the Branch
societies by letter. This afforded satisfactory evidence
of the energy and faithfulness with which the agents
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THE SOUP HOUSE. 81
of the Sanitary Commission pursued their relief work,
and entirely vindicated the action of the Commission
towards the Perryville wounded. An interesting
letter of Dr. Read, concerning this work, may be
found in Document No. 55 of the Sanitary Commis-
sion series.
The concentrated beef tea manufactured in Cleve-
land by the Sanitary Commission was first tested in
Perryville hospitals.
The Soup House was opened November 1st, 1862,
on Merwin street, in charge of Mr. Henry New-
berry. The preparations were watched with much
interest by the ladies of the Aid Society. At their
solicitation the proprietors of city packing-houses
gave daily an ample supply of fresh beef, and farmers
brought in potatoes, onions and carrots, which were the
principal ingredients. Empty oyster cans, in which
the beef tea was at first sealed up for transportation,
were assiduously collected. Even the spices were fur-
nished from the Aid Rooms, and scarcely a day passed
but business, real or fancied, pushed some curious
woman towards the soup house, to peep into the
steaming cauldrons and pass judgment upon the
savory mixture. This was continued for several
months, and until the soup house outgrew the pro-
portions of a charitable enterprise and passed into
other hands.
The product of this manufactory was mainly con-
sumed by the Sanitary Commission, to which it formed
a valuable auxiliary, supplying an article in constant
demand, of excellent quality and at a cost of about
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82 CENTRAL OFFICE, LOUISVILLE.
half what it was sold for in eastern markets. Up
to the end of the war, when the Cleveland soup house
was closed, one hundred and fifty-five thousand pounds
of condensed beef-soup had been supplied from this
source through the agency of the Sanitary Commis-
sion, in battle-field and hospital relief.
October 1st, 1862, Dr. Newberry having finished
the work of organizing Branch Commissions and dis-
tricting the broad field which had been confided to
his care, as General Secretary of the Western Depart-
ment, and finding Cleveland — his home and until now
his business headquarters — too far from the center of
operations, removed his office to Louisville, Ky.
Louisville was then becoming, as it continued
throughout the war to be, the most important mili-
tary and sanitary center at the west, being practically
equi-distant from the home field at the north and the
field of service at the south. This change of base
proved to be in every way favorable to the interests
of the Sanitary Commission.
By this removal of the western Central Office to
Louisville, the Cleveland Aid Society was deprived of
no advantage which the uniform kindness and watch-
fill interest of Dr. Newberry could afford. The
officers were constantly indebted to him for counsel
and aid, and it is a pleasure to acknowledge here that
his judicious advice and assistance were potent means
of the success of the work which is detailed in this
volume.
For a history of five years of unintermitting and
faithful labor in the service of the Sanitary Commis-
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MANNER OF FORWARDING. 83
sioD, during which Dr. Newberry administered the
ajflfairs of the Western Department with remarkable
vigor and ability, the reader is refen-ed to a work
lately issued by the Historical Bureau of the Sanitary
Commission entitled " Report on the operations of the
U. S. Sanitary Commission in the Valley of the
Mississippi during the War of the Rebellion."
The supplies of the Cleveland Branch were from
this time mainly directed to Louisville. Sent by car
load to Cincinnati, they were met there and trans-
ferred to the mail boat by an agent who accompanied
them to Louisville. Their destination was there deter-
mined. The reports of their distribution, gleaned from
letters of agents and inspectors, were communicated
to the Branch societies.
This careful manner of forwarding stores won the
confidence of tributary societies and gradually weak-
ened their disposition to send independently to
individuals in the army. It was necessary to act
very cautiously against this desii-e, which in early
days had caused no small perplexity and had always
proved injudicious and hazardous.
For every package that failed to find its way alone
trom the home to the army, the Sanitary Commission
was unjustly considered responsible. Every such
box, stranded on the passage, was brought forward
as evidence against the Sanitary Commission shipping
system.
When a pile of these waifs, — dragged to light
from the recesses of a railroad or river warehouse, —
fell under the auctioneer's hammer, great arose the
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84 PRIVATE PACKAGES.
cry that the officers of the Sanitary Commission were
making fortunes from the charities of the public
and that sanitary stores never reached the soldiers.
No amount of argument would dissipate this impres-
sion. The people were slow to learn that the channel
which they often mistrusted and studiously avoided
actually led most directly to their own soldier boys.
The Cleveland Aid Society never assumed the right
to restrict the independent shipments of its tributary
societies, correctly judging that experience would lead
them to abandon such ventures. The sending of
private boxes was always discouraged and the objec-
tions were frankly stated, but it seemed impolitic and
unkind to make an inflexible rule against it. If these
were brought to the Aid Rooms the ladies sought to
ensure their safe carriage, often paying express charges
to remote points, but invariably prefacing this favor
with a chapter of warning and advice. Now, how-
ever, on the establishment of Sanitary headquarters
so near the front as Louisville, the time had come
when some rule might be adopted. It was therefore
announced that " hereafter the Aid Society will not
be responsible for the conveyance of private packages
beyond the Sanitaiy depot nearest their point of
destination. If not called for there within a reason-
able time, the contents will be distributed for the
general good."
The feeling that moved the people to send indi-
vidual gifts to the army was always respected by the
officers of the Cleveland Society, who from its pioneer
days had themselves been constantly looking a-field,
keenly watching the ever- varying demand and keeping
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SfhcfAL StilPMENTS. Sh
their own sympathies aglow by direct communication
with the front. Letters and appeals coming to them
from the army were carefully considered, and either
referred to headquarters of the Sanitary Commission
or answered by boxes packed at the Aid Rooms with
special reference to the demand. Such boxes were
consigned to the Sanitary agent nearest the point of
need, to be delivered by him if his inspection proved
that the appeal was a proper one. A duplicate invoice
of these shipments was always sent to the central
office of the Sanitary Conmiission at Louisville, and a
written receipt was required of the surgeon by whom
the call was made.
The Branch societies, in their turn, often had special
appeals from their correspondents in the army. These
appeals were usually referred to the central rooms.
They were encouraged to gather supplies in response
and to forward them to the Cleveland Aid Rooms.
Here, such supplies were often supplemented from the
general stock and every facility of transportation was
afforded. Even the messengers despatched to the
army by Branch aid societies were famished at the
Cleveland Rooms with credentials that made them
the authorized agents of the Sanitary Commission
while distributing their supplies to the regiments
which they visited. The object of this policy was to
inculcate loyalty to the Sanitary Commission without
incurring the danger of weakening the enthusiasm of
the people, — a danger that would certainly have been
great, had the aid societies of Northern Ohio been
suffered to become merely the collecting and shipping
agents of a great national charity.
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86 MORE TRAN^SPORTATION FAVORS.
The work of gathering and disbursing steadily
increased throughout the fall and was without mate-
rial change.
The usual supplies were pleasantly varied by a
large quantity of grapes, fresh from the vineyards of
Kelley Island, — the gift of the Aid Society estab-
lished there. Severial boxes of these were distributed
in the hospitals of Georgetown, D. C, by the Rev.
F. T. Brown, formerly a Cleveland pastor, and the
remainder divided between the hospital train of the
Louisville and Nashville railroad and Louisville hos-
pitals.
A canvassing agent was at this time making the
tour of Ashtabula, Geauga and Lake counties. With
the aid of the township military committees he was
successful in securing a bountiful supply of apples
and vegetables. These supplies were duly credited
to the local societies and by them forwarded to Cleve-
land.
The favors of transportation granted to the Aid
Society in forwarding stores to the front, have been
mentioned on page 38.
From this time,— October 28th, 1862,— all the
railroads running into the city granted free carriage
of packages consigned by country societies to the
Cleveland Aid Rooms. Any advance charges that
might have accrued were paid by the Cleveland
Society. Thus all freight expenses were saved to the
shippers and a heavy burden was lifted from the
feebler Branches.
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CHAPTER V.
The winter of 1862-3 found the Society rich in
enthusiasm and the loyal support of more than four
hundred Branches.
• Gifts of money were however few and small. The
war had begun to pinch the pockets of many who
were the firmest friends of the Sanitary Commission.
The rapid depreciation of the currency and the
ever-recurring calls for means to raise new regiments
and to equip them for the field, were beginning to
make even the rich feel poor and to develop the
necessity for a prudence that was new^ to the citizens
and farmers of the Western Reserve.
Stores were coming in freely, though these were now
less valuable in kind. The small field had been
thoroughly worked for more than eighteen months.
The surplus accumulation of clothing and bedding, the
pride of every thrifty housewife, which had been freely
and even lavishly given at the call of local aid socie-
ties, was now exhausted. The high prices of cotton
and woolen fabrics made it impossible for these little
societies to buy enough to keep their fingers busy
in making new garments. Boxes from the Branches
contained at this time a greater proportion of edibles
and farm products.
67
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M cmcTJLAB iro. 16.
But these facts were no discouragement. A vigor-
ous caaipaign was to be the policy of the forces in
the fieldj and right zealously did the army of home-
workers enter upon the duties entailed by the increase
and activity of the army at the front. Taught by a
year's experiencej they well knew the probable neces-
sities of the troops during the coming winter months.
Like tlieni^ they were eager to push forward while
there was work to do.
To the aid societies that disbursed their charities
through the Cleveland Branch Commission, Circular
No, 10 was adtlressed, December 1st, urging increased
activity and containing accurate directions for work to
suit the season J with some carefully prepared measure-
ments and suggestions upon economy in cutting the
material which war prices had now made doubly
precious. Published reports of the condition of hos-
pitals in Penyville and Danville, Ky., and some
urgent letters of agents who were at work among the
sick at Nash% ille and on the line of the Louisville and
Nashville railroad, lately re-opened, gave point to
this ajipeal and it was not unheeded.
The faithful few to be found in every little society
bent eaniestly to its interests, and great industry and
persistent canvassing brought due reward. The season
favored their plans and holiday pleasures again took
on the garb of charity*
While creating and guiding the machinery of the
Society^ its officers had also the anxiety of financiering
for its su]>port- In most other like organizations the
duty of raising fund^ was assumed by some outside
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Hard times. 80
committee, but the officers of the Cleveland Aid
Society had no such relief.
Their very success in evoking the activity of so
many tributaries was at once a stimulus and a per-
plexity, so large was now the sum required merely for
the current expenses of the Society in its character of
receiving and shipping agent for these smaller organi-
zations.
Though ofken sorely pressed for means, no money
was ever solicited from Branch societies nor was it
accepted from them, though frequently offered. Sums
of money thus sent in were invested in material at
wholesale prices and in that form returned It was
thought to be unwise and unjust to cripple these
weaker organizations by taking money from their
treasuries.
With the constant call upon its charities it cannot
be supposed that the Society had ever been able or
willing to accumulate supplies or to hoard its re-
sources.
The present winter was a time of peculiar embar-
rassment.
The flow of money into the treasuiy was small
though continuous, and was perhaps as great as could
be expected in the stringency of the times and the
many other calls upon benevolence.
There T\as no loss of friends nor withdrawal of
public confidence.
Besides individual contributions, there had been
a lecture by Artemits Ward, a lecture by Elihu
BuRRiTT, tendered by the Cleveland Commercial Col-
lege, a thanksgiving offering from the city churches,
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9(1 FINANCIERING.
some colleetions made by Sunday school children,
a benefit by an amateur dramatic club, and many
other gifts that showed the estimation in which the
worlc at the Aid Kooms was held by the citizens.
But the Society had now assumed business relations
and responsibilities that must seek more stable foun-
dation than the shifting sands of popular charity.
By the plan of honorary memberships, projected in
November, it had been hoped to obtain a permanent
revenue siifficlent to support the Depot Hospital
mentioned on page 51, and to meet current expenses.
For this, a sum not less than two hundred dollars per
mouth was required. Secure from the entanglement
of debt, the ladies would then rely upon chance con-
tribution, lectures, concerts and other entertainments
for means to purchase material and for extending
their plans as might be desired.
The honorary memberships were necessarily slow
in reporting, while the needs of soldiers were imme-
diately pressing. The heavy monthly expenditure
could not be curtailed without breaking faith with
the auxiliaiies and giving a fatal shock to the
interests of the Society.
It had been hard indeed to see cotton and woolen
goods rise daily higher and higher in price and yet to
be unable to lay in a stock for the winter's work.
Some advance purchases had been ventured on with
much hesitation, and the time for payment was ex-
tended by the kindness of the merchants. Every
dollar that could be spared was applied to reduce this
debt by instalments of fifty dollars, yet at the close
of the year a large balance remained unpaid. With
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WAYS AND MEANS. 91
closest economy the resources of the Society were
barely sufficient to cover current expenses.
It must not be supposed that these embarrassments
were allowed continually to annoy and weary the
public. It was well known that the Aid Society was
to the highest degree receptive, that its resources were
always far below its needs and that every dollar
added to the treasury was a thrice welcome gift.
These facts inculcated and established, the officers
endeavored to keep the Society on an independent
basis, so far as an institution drawing support from
public benevolence could be considered independent,
and to make it an honor to the community, not a
constant bore to the citizens.
The Cleveland Aid Society early dropped its
mendicant character and took rank as a business
establishment. Its business credit was always good.
If an article was needed, it was bargained for and
purchased by the officers, not begged. Whenever it
was known what reduction the merchant made from
his usual prices, this was entered and credited as his
contribution.
Frequent and stirring appeals through the press
there certainly were, and persistent efforts to keep the
wants of the soldiers before the public. Friends in
the city often joined in self-constituted committees to
add money to the treasury or goods to the store-room,
but personal solicitation of money by the officers was
studiously avoided and was never resorted to, save in
the application for honorary memberships, made at
this time, and later for the specific object of building
a Soldiers' Home.
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§4 EARNieST CONSULTATIONS.
Knowing that popular sympathy goes with success
and that worth is generally measured by the same
nilBj the ladies strove to prove the efficiency of the
Society as almoner of the people's charity and thus to
attract towards it a deserved support. Business men,
glad to have the credit of the city for philanthropy
sustained and the immediate burden of responsibility
and care lifted from their own shoulders, willingly
made the Aid Society a channel for their benefactions
to the army.
In times of its financial prosperity, the Society grate-
fully made public acknowledgment of the support that
was generously and cheerfully given. When pecu-
niaiy embarrassments weighed heavily, all forebodings
were confined within the little office where the ladies
met in daily consultation upon ways and means.
Just now these consultations were especially ear-
nest.
It was not possible to enter at once upon any great
scheme for raising money by entertainments, for the
reason that a bazaar in the interest of the Cleveland
Protestant Orphan Asylum had bespoken public favor
months before and was still in preparation. To bring
the claims of the Sanitary Commission prominently
forwaid at this time would endanger the success of
this bazaar, and the ladies of the Aid Society thought
it ungenerous to divert attention from so worthy an
object. The city was too small to sustain a second
grand charitable scheme immediately succeeding the
hazasLW This could be attempted only at great risk
of failure. Some plans were laid that promised well
for the future, but for the present it seemed almost
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THE CAUFORKIA FUND. 93
hopeless to attempt to repair the fortunes of the Aid
Society, and its managers were bearing a heavy burden
of anxiety.
At this crisis came " good news from a far coun-
try."
California, too distant to furnish troops yet too
loyal to shrink from the burdens of the war and too
humane to neglect its sufferers, had sent, in October,
1862, one hundred thousand dollars to the general
treasury of the Sanitary Commission, and fourteen
days later another one hundred thousand, stipulating
that one half of this last remittance should be given
to the Western Sanitary Commission — an independ-
ent organization having its headquarters in St. Louis
— and the other half used in the interests of the
United States Sanitary Commission, through its
western Branches.
The partition of this gift had been long in discus-
sion by the Executive Committee of the Sanitary
Commission, in New York, and was now decided.
By its provisions the Cincinnati Branch was to receive
fifteen thousand dollars, Chicago ten thousand, Louis-
ville ten thousand, Columbus five thousand and
Cleveland ten thousand.
The ladies of the Cleveland Branch could scarcely
believe that ten thousand dollars actually lay in New
York subject to their draft. This was indeed a
dazzling ray of golden sunlight into their darkest day !
How much prosperity to their Society, how much
comfort to the soldiers, were represented by that great
sum!
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94 SECOND THOUGHTS.
After the first moment of joyful excitement, sober
second thought weighed carefully the real value of
the gift
Though often carrying a light purse, the Society
had never been actually crippled by lack of money.
Poverty liad been its great capital, the rallying-cry by
which its friends were summoned, and there now
seemed to be a lurking danger in this sudden accession
to fortune. The sum looked fabulously large ; in the
event of an early close of the war it might be more
than sufficient; but who dared hope that the war
would t^nd this year, or the next, or the next ?
By making public acceptance of the gift it seemed
certain that popular sympathy would be withdrawn
and the zeal of the tributaries weakened. The
Society could better afford to relinquish all share in
the California fund than to hazard the disbanding of
that noble constituency which had been so carefully
built up and was now the very life of its work.
Between the just pride that their own dear Society
should receive its proportion with other Branches of
the Sanitary Commission, the tempting thought of
what comfort that great sum of money would ensure
to the disabled soldiers, and the imminent risk of
paralyzing the vigorous auxiliaries by accepting it
the ladies were sorely troubled and almost at their
wits' end.
They at last decided to be governed by the same
rule that they applied to their own Branch societies
and to accept the gift in instalments, as a helping
hand, devoting it exclusively to purchase of stores
and material, but resolving still to provide for current
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REVIEW OF THE WORK. 95
expenses and to spare no pains to keep up an inde-
pendent treasury.
With this understanding, they received from Dr.
Newberry one thousand dollars on account of the
California fund, cancelled the debt for material the
same day, made further purchases of cotton and
flannel, continued to canvass for memberships and
projected a series of entertainments to be given in the
early spring.
Through all this financial perplexity, now happily
ended, the regular duties of the Society had been
uninterrupted.
The books at the close of 1862 showed receipts of
two hundred and twenty-four thousand articles of bed-
ding and clothing, thirty-three thousand pounds and
twenty-seven thousand articles of surgeons' supplies
and hospital furnishings, one hundred and thirty-six
thousand pounds of fruit and groceries, twenty
thousand cans and bottles of jellies, wines, etc., seven
thousand dozens of eggs, five hundred bushels of
vegetables, three hundred kegs of pickles and forty
thousand unclassified articles.
These stores had been sent to points in Maryland,
Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Illinois, Missouri
and Kansas, besides small supplies to the army of the
Potomac. They had reached fifty-seven camps, regi-
mental hospitals and recruiting stations, forty general
and post hospitals, and eighteen established or tem-
porary depots of the Sanitary Commission, besides
the floating hospitals and store boats of the Commis-
sion. These disbursements had been submitted to
the Sanitary Commission for approval, and nine-tenths
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t)6 CA.M1' CLEVPiLAND HOSPITAL,
of all the shipments had been made upon direct
requisitioa of its agents iti the fiehl
The Sodety had already established a business
l-eputation at the front. Under date of December
2tVthj an agent wrote from Memphis^ Tenn., to the
Cleveland Aid Rooms : " 1 have learned to expect
your goods eveiy month as regulai'ly as I look for the
rising sun,"
Wlule aiming to .send eomfoits to ilistant hospitals,
home eharities had not been neglected. Blankets had
been given to recruits on application, returned soldiers
had received a share c^f aid and comfortj missing men
had been looked up, the condition of sick or
w<junded ascertain eil for benefit of frit/nds, and in the
Depot Hospital nearly one thousand men had been
fed, lodged, clothed and attended.
^or had the Society been unmhidtul of those in
regiments temporarily encamjjed near the city, who
suffered fi'om diseases engendei-ed by a sudden change
from the comforts of home to the exposure of camp life.
The officers and sturgeons of the city camps and
hospital had always been made welcome to draw
upon the Aid Society for any supi>lemental stores
that their sick required.
An incident in the histoiy of Camp Cleveland
Military HtJSpital sho^vs that, even at the North, the
Sanitary Commission sometimes fonud occasion to
l)i'idge a gap between government snpplies and the
soldiers.
January l^t, 180t^, a new surgeon was assigned to
charge of the post hosj>ital at Camp Cleveland with
orders to open it on the 10th as a General Military
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• • * •
• . * • • •
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AN INCIDENT. 97
Hospital. Thorough repairs and a large addition to
the building were necessary to this change.
On the 20th, ten days after the opening, the surgeon
made his appearance at the Aid Rooms in great per-
plexity. His government bedding had not arrived. It
must surely have been shipped but it was strangely
delayed, and all his writing and telegraphing had failed
to huny it forward. Meanwhile, the medical director
at Cincinnati, calmly confident that the hospital was
ready to open because it had been ordered to open,
had sent on a large squad of sick who were to arrive
by train that very night. What was to be done!
The kind-hearted surgeon could not bear to lay these
sick men into empty bunks, yet the bedding of the
old hospital was not half sufficient for them. In this
dilemma he applied to the Aid Society for a loan of
bedding till government furnishings should come.
The stock at the Aid Rooms was at that moment
low, as a large shipment had just been made, but the
will to help was not lacking. Two hundred sheets
and fifty bed-sacks were counted out for the hospital.
These were enough for the present emergency. The
ladies further offered to make up a bale of army linen,
and before another night this had been converted into
three hundred sheets and sent to the hospital. This
prompt help in time of need made the good surgeon
a fast friend to the Sanitary Commission.
The communication between the Aid Society and
the military hospital at Camp Cleveland was almost
constant.
Convalescents allowed to spend the morning in
town would always drop in at the Aid Rooms, sure of
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98 HOME CHARITY.
a welcome, a peep at the morning papers, a pleasant
book, a sheet of letter-paper " please ma'am," a needle
and thread for repairs, a clean towel and piece of
sweet-Bcented soap, a pocket comb, a new spring-
crutch, a fresh handkerchief or — best of all — a plug
of tobacco !
A certain drawer in the Aid Rooms was kept full
of these comforts for such distribution. On Avritten
order of the surgeon or chaplain, clothing was given
in cases which could not be reached by government
issues,
The above comes within the limits of the special
relief department and will be found in detail in the
accompanying Special Relief Report.
The library of Camp Cleveland hospital was in
great ])art furnished and several times replenished
by the Aid Society.
The hospital ambulance was ordered to call at the
Aid Rooms every day. All delicacies too perishable
to bear shipment to the front and many country
dainties were sent by it to the special care of the
matron.
Many holiday occasions were made pleasant to the
soldiers at Camp Cleveland! One of these is de-
scribed in the following extract from Cleveland papers
of 1863 :
Christmas at Camp Cleveland Hospital.— Thanks to the generosity
of the ladies of this city, the impromptu dinner at the hospital was a perfect
success. Christmas, despite the inauspicious clouds and weeping skies,
was made a " red-letter day " both to the inmates of the hospital and to
those who superintended the entertainment.
Early on Christmas morning the abundant gifts that had been sent into
the Rooms of the Aid Society were loaded into a large furniture van, and,
vith a dray-load of apples and vegetables and a barrel of cider, were sent
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A CHRIST31AS DINNER. 99
to tlie hospital by direction of the committee, Mrs. B. Rouse, Mrs. Wm.
Melhinch, Mrs. D. Chittenden and Mrs. P. Thatcher, who cheerfully
gave up their own Christmas festivities in order to secure to the sick men
the full enjoyment of the feast.
The surgeons of the hospital having previously given cordial assent to
the plans of the ladies, now welcomed them heartily, introduced them into
the wards and zealously seconded their arrangements throughout the day.
When this "surprise party" unfolded its benevolent designs to the
invalid soldiers, pale faces flushed with' eager expectation and dim eyes
brightened with the thought that kind hearts had been moved to bring a
tithe of Christmas pleasures into this abode of weariness and pain.
The first step in the day's programme was to care for those who were too
ill to sit at table. At twelve o'clock each sick man received a bowl of
nourishing chicken soup or oyster broth, a delicate bit of chicken (if allowed
to eat it), a roasted apple, a fresh biscuit spread with jelly or canned
peaches, and a glass of custard by way of dessert. That there might be no
" slip 'twixt cup and lip," these delicacies were carried to each bedside by
the ladies themselves, who had the great satisfaction of seeing how keenly
they were relished. The erysipelas ward and even the small-pox hospital,
set apart on the slope of the hill, were visited by the ladies, who braved the
danger of infection in their zeal for the Christmas pleasures of the sick
men.
When the sick had been thus provided for, the convalescents were invited
into the dining room. There, oyster- soup, plump chickens and turkeys,
juicy ham and tongues, tender biscuits, crisp doughnuts, Indian puddings,
apple, pumpkin and cranberry pies were set out with an abundance that
Cleveland housewives well know how to furnish, and to which the guests
on the present occasion proved themselves able to do full justice. Here the
ladies again presided, and saw each man plentifully served with everything
that the bountiful board supplied. After all had gone away satisfied, the
employes of the hospital received their share.
As there still remained enough and to spare, the soldiers of the guard
were called in from their wet and weary round to partake of the feast
until more than eight hundred men had taken their turns at table. The
barrel of cider was then tapped, and doughnuts, apples and cider were distri-
buted through the camp to the groups of soldiers gathered about their fires.
When the festivities of the day were over at the hospital, there still
remained choice provisions enough for a generous dinner-party. These
were gathered up and carried to the quarters of the paroled prisoners who
were requested to take them for their Christmas supper. The " boys " were
no way loth to accept the bounty that " Santa Claus " seemed to have
showered down upon them ftnd the ladies drove away amid their shouts of
delight and gratitude, M.
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CHAPTER VI.
The probability of a general engagement below
Nashville had caused the field-agents of the Sanitary
Commission in Tennessee to make urgent advance
demands for stores.
Their anticipations were realized by the battle of
Stone River, fought at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, De-
cember 31st, 1862, and new year's day of 1863. Eight
thousand of Rosecrans' splendid army of the Cumber-
land were disabled by this terrible battle, and for
months the hospitals of Louisville, Nashville and
Murfreesboro were filled with the wounded.
The Sanitary Commission had the approval and
[Kiblished endorsement of General Rosecrans, and
by his orders all possible facilities were afforded its
agents in their care of the wounded. The record of
the preventive and relief service rendered in hospital
and camp to the army of the Cumberland forms one
of the brightest chapters in the history of the Sanitary
Commission.
Febiniary brought the opening of the campaign
against Vicksburg, and all eyes watched with intense
interest the movements of the fleet that was descend-
ing the Mississippi river.
Under the indomitable leadership of General
}D0
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THE SIEGE OF VICKSBURG. 101
Grant, the army of the Tennessee again laid patient
and persistent siege to the rebel stronghold that had
twice been the object of unsuccessful and disastrous
assault. It was not now to yield without a desperate
resistance, and until its defenders were unearthed, like
rats, from their burrows.
The depressing influences of climate and the unfa-
vorable location of camps soon developed in the
Union army diseases of an exhaustive and malignant
nature, more fatal than the casualties of battle. The
sick, received into rude hospitals from which they
were often driven by the rising waters of the Missis-
sippi, or placed on board transports where their
surroundings were still more unfortunate, suffered
severely from lack of food, medicines and clothing.
Government, with its ponderous machinery and
heavy burdens, could not supply these wants with
necessary promptness. The resources of the sur-
rounding region were exhausted, and if they had been
abundant would have been beyond the reach of loyal
men.
Scurvy began to show itself in hospital and camp.
Every mail brought some new tale of suffering, some
pleading call for help from the Sanitary agents who
were working nobly there and finding a broad field of
labor.
Telegrams from Louisville announced the fitting
out of a supply-steamer by the Sanitary Commission.
To add to her cargo, the Cleveland Branch pushed
forward the same day by passenger train seven hun-
dred sets of hospital clothing and bedding, a large
quantity of groceries and vegetables, with stimulants.
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103 THE STEAMER DUNLEITII.
surgeons' supplies and minor comforts. These stores
were increased by succeeding shipments, and the
steamer Duuleith left Louisville for Vicksburg, Feb-
ruaiy 2Sth, having in her cargo five hundred boxes
from the Cleveland Branch. A few days later a car-
load was sent to replenish the Nashville store-rooms,
now nearly empty again, and then every effort was
turned towards preparing stores to meet the steamer
on her return. The condition of the river hospitals
was descnbed in teims as strong as prudence would
allo^v, and the country societies were called upon to
arouse m never before and to redouble their contri-
butions.
This seemed to be a favorable time to raise money
for the Society. An engagement with John B.
Go UGH, shortly before, had brought two hundred
dollars into the treasury, which was the only benefit
that had been received for several months. A plan
long pi-ojeeted now took shape in the announcement
of a "Grand Amateur Entertainment of Music and
Tableaux Vivants," to be given March 3rd and 5th,
at the Academy of Music. This exhibition was given
to the Aid Society by the tableau committee of the
Orphan Asylum Bazaar and consisted in part of some
of the most l>eautiful of the tableaux that had been
shown at the bazaar early in the winter. Extracts
from letters of that date will best show the character
of the entertainment and the interest with which it
^\ as undertaken by the citizens :
Cleveland Aid Rooms, March 4, 1863.
ExTiiAcT.— In the midst of the hurry and confusion of our "grand
uuiuteur perfiymiaiice," I snatch a few moments to report upon matters and
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MUSIC AND TABLEAX^X. 103
things here in 95 Bank street, all of which, however, resolve themselves into
angels, fairies, Indian princesses and suicidal lovers, as I try to review the
past week.
The tableau committee met again at our Rooms yesterday and we are
delighted with the progress of things so far. Our citizens are taking this
up in their own noble way and we are confident of a grand success.
We struggled hard to keep out of the vortex and to mind sanitary things
only, but as at the last minute several angels were found minus wings and
two or three kings and fairy queens were discovered to be crownless, we were
forced to throw ourselves into the breach, and for two entire days our little
office has been transformed into a workshop where gauze and tinsel quite
overshadow inkstand and pencil. One more day, however, will end this
usurpation. Then we can puff away the cloudy tissue, shake ourselves free
from the glittering spangles and return to duty again, with the great
satisfaction of picking up about a thousand dollars as the result of three
days voyaging in fairy land !
We have already had one evening's entertainment, to everybody's
supreme delight, and our ticket sales have reached six hundred and twelve
dollars. We mtut[mBke a thousand !
The entertainment is a charming one to the public, and will be so to us
in proportion to' the patronage it receives. You will see we look at it with
a purely mercenary eye.
March 7th.
My last letter was a confused medley of giants, fairies, kings and queens,
from which it might be inferred that we had all migrated to some distant
sphere and left the earth and its inhabitants to their wars and rumors
of wars without interference.
The tableaux were a sad innovation upon our business ways. Now that
the beautiful vision has passed, it does seem as though we had dropped
down out of the clouds, and it will need a deal of fidgetting before we can
settle quietly into our office chairs again.
It was really charming to see how the x>eople worked to get up the
entertainment and then how they applauded and encored their own
schemes ! The two evenings netted for us ten hundred and ninety-eight
dollars, — even better than we had hoped.
Very few know, as we do, how much need there is for this money and
for our work now. We dare not publish the letters which we are receiving
from agents in the Mississippi fleet, they are so discouraging, so truly
appalling. It would be a great stimulus, of course, and just what our
people need to stir their sympathies afresh, but we are afraid it would not
be right.
These sad, sad letters have lain heavily upon our hearts these days, and
the scenes they describe were constantly flitting between our eyes and the
bright visions spread for our admiration, so that you will not wonder we
could not thoroughly enjoy the tableaux just now.
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104 MURDOCH'S KEADINGS.
Two weeks after these entertainments, Jamks E.
Murdoch^ the well known tragedian, offered the
Society an evening of Patriotic Headings ; one of a
series of readings begun in the Senate Chamber at
Washington, January 10th, and continued in most of
the eastern and western cities, the entire proceeds
being given by Mr. Muebocii to associations for relief
of the sick and wonnded of the Union army.
The patriotism of Mr, Muedooh and his signal
services to our sick and wounded and to loyalty,
^houhl have more than a passing notice.
When the rebellion broke out, Mr. Murdoch, who
had been for many years one of the leaders of Ameri-
can drama, was pursuing a brilliant career upon the
stage. Aglow with patriotic fervor he at once threw
up his dramatic engagements, resolving never to
resume the profession till peace should return to his
country- With his two ^^ons he volunteered into the
Union anny. Finding his own health unequal to the
duties of the field, he fonned the idea of consecrating
his fine talents to the service of the sick and wounded,
whose sufferings he had witnessed in actual campaigns.
In this resnbition there was another object not less
patriotic. It was that of stimulating the loyalty of
the people liy bringing to bear upon them such poetry
and incidents as, when narrated with dramatic power,
would best illustrate and arouse that noble sentiment.
In all ages poetiy has been the language of the
higher emotions, the immurtalizer of heroism, uncom-
l)romisiiig in its scorn of ignoble deeds, and its divine
charac*ter is never better exemplified than in the
thrilling tones it has for })atriotism and the terrible
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CIIANaE OF VICE-PRESIDENT^^. 105
invectives it utters against treason. This power
Murdoch laid hold of with a master hand. Words
of fervid eloquence burned and glowed as they fell
from his lips and kindled into active life the fires of
true patriotism in every heart.
Throughout the entire period of the war, his earn-
estness and devotion to the part he had thus assumed
were unfailing as aids to patriotism and were nation-
ally conspicuous in their pecuniary results.
Mr. Murdoch's offer to the Cleveland Aid Society
was gladly accepted, and the Academy of Music was
again filled March 19th. The enthusiasm of the
audience, the tasteful decoration of the stage with the
flags of the Union, the inspiring music of the band,
the cause and object of the Readings and the power
with which they were rendered, conspired to fonn a
scene which will not soon be forgotten.
This entertainment netted three hundred dollars to
the Society.
Towards the last of March the canvassing commit-
tee reported one hundred and eighty-six gentlemen
enrolled as honorary members, by a pledge of one
dollar monthly. These subscriptions were for the
year ending November, 1863. The committee ap-
pointed to canvass among the ladies had also obtained
many new names to the twenty-five cent monthly
subscription list.
At a regular monthly meeting, April 7th, 1863,
Mrs. Wm. Melhinch was confirmed first vice-president,
Mrs, John Shelley having resigned that office some
months before on occasion of removal from the city.
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IGft COMMITTEES.
Mrs. Lewis Burton was appointed second vice-
president to fill the vacancy.
This was the first change that occurred among the
officers.
To the lists of volunteer committees that have been
given on pages 24 and 61, should here be added the
names of Mrs. Southworth, Mrs. Dr. Arter, Mrs,
Hunt, Miss Mary Mahan, Miss Ruth Kellogg, Miss
Julia Kellogg, Miss Matilda Pickands and Mrs.
Mary Bradford, who were faithful attendants at the
Aid Rooms during this period and later in the history
of the Society.
The removal of so great a proportion of the troops
from West Virginia and the centering of general
interest upon military operations in the south-west,
had to a great degree excluded from public attention
the hospitals in the Kanawha Valley and at the posts
maintained along the line of the Baltimore and Ohio
railroad.
The vicinity of Wheeling had been too heavily
taxed to yield farther supplies to the depot of the
Sanitary Commission in that city, which was the base
of relief work for West Virginia. The stores of that
depot were at this time drawn almost wholly from
the Rooms of the Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern
Ohio. In no case had a request from that department
been refused.
Requisitions from the Sanitary agency at Leaven-
worth, Kansas, came in from time to time and were
answered by frequent shipments.
These it^sues, however, formed only a small part of
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AN INSIDIOrS FOE, 107
the disbursements of the Society; nearly everything
being turned southward for the benefit of the two
great armies of the Cumberland and the Tennessee.
The army of the Cumberland, resting upon the
hard-earned field at Murfreesboro, was strengthening
its lines for an advance upon the rebel host that lay
entrenched about forty miles below, at TuUahoma,
ready to dispute its progress.
The morale of our army was excellent and the
issues of food and clothing were abundant. The con-
dition of the troops could hardly have been raised,
except in one respect.
From being long confined to rations of salt pork,
men in nearly every regiment were beginning to show
unmistakable signs of scui'vy.
This evil was slow of discovery even by the sur-
geons. The sick, brought to their notice at morning
call, were sent to hospital, where slight variations in
diet and the supplies of vegetables drawn from
Sanitary stores checked the symptoms of this much-
dreaded disease before they became really apparent.
It was among the men in camp, those calling them-
selves well, that this foe was making its insidious
way. When its presence was detected it had already
seriously threatened the effective force of the entire
army.
The medical authorities made strong representation
of this fact, and government supplies of onions and
potatoes were ordered, but these issues were insuffi-
cient. The chief medical inspectors and directors of
the department sent urgent request, by mail and
telegraph to Dr. Newberry, for the aid of the Sani-
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108 CAMPAIGN AGAmST SCUKVY.
tary CoraDussion in battling this new and formidable
enemy.
The answer to these appeals was a steamer load
of vegetaliles despatched at once to Nashville and a
promise on the part of the Sanitary Commission to
t^end down, from its headquarters at Louisville, to the
army of the Cumberland, one hundred barrels of
onions and potatoes daily throughout the summer.
This was to be a special issue to the men in camp,
with do-ect reference to the war against scurvy, and
an addition to the regular supplies furnished by the
Commission to hospitals.
For tht3se daily shipments of vegetables and for all
the sii]:>plies of the Sanitary Commission, the General
C!ommanding furnished ample transportation. The
offieers of the department seconded this relief work
^yith great cordiality.
To fulfil its promise to the army of the Cumber-
land, the Sanitary Commission was obliged to make
purchases of vegetables, to invoke the [ strenuous
efforts of the supply Branches and to send canvassing
agents thiough the rich farming districts of the
north-west.
The Branches of the Western Department quickly
apprehended the importance of this new movement
and entered with enthusiasm upon their duties. The
honorable record of Detroit, Buffalo, Pittsburgh,
Cincinnati and Chicago is to be found elsewhere. The
present report will touch only upon the action of the
Cleveland Branch in the grand campaign against
scurvy.
On receiving from the Central oflSce at Louisville
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THE VEGBTTABLE RAID. 109
despatches announcing the urgency of the case and
the prompt measures taken by the Sanitary Commis-
sion, the Cleveland Branch pledged itself to forward
to Louisville one car load of vegetables per week,
throughout the summer, in addition to its regular
shipments in the same direction.
In giving this pledge, the Society stepped over the
bounds of recognized duty in the supply department,
which had not until now extended beyond the for-
warding of Tw^ital stores. Regiments on duty or in
camp had been left to the care of quartermaster and
commissary, and all interference with these officials
was scrupulously avoided. Even the vegetables hith-
erto sent to the front had been designed exclusively
for hospital use.
But it seemed clearly within the sphere of army
relief to furnish the " ounce of prevention " which
proverbially outweighs even the " pound of cure."
Now began what was known among the aid
societies of Northern Ohio as the " grand vegetable
raid " of the Sanitary Commission.
Published appeals, circulars and personal letters
wakened the generosity of the public and prepared
the way for the canvassing committees that were sent
out through every township by the officers of each
little society. The members of county military
committees often assumed this duty of canvassing.
Nearly every school district could furnish some active,
earnest man whose love for his country or his own
soldier-boy impelled him to aid in collecting. In
several instances, the good women of a feeble Aid
Society took this work into their own hands. Driving
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110 ca:s^vassing and lecturing.
thuir hon^e from door to door, they persistently
assa.iled their neighbors, shaming into wonderful
generosity even the grudging giver.
Towns ^ and villages vied Avith each other in the
amount of supplies furnished. A cross-roads settle-
ment sent as one instalment twenty-eight barrels of
potatoes. One little village forwarded sixty barrels.
Every to^vn within shipping distance of Cleveland
sent again and again its offering.
Three agents employed by the Sanitary Commission,
Kev, Wm. C. Turner, Rev, N. P. Bailey and Dr. H.
0. CoATEs, were acting in Northern Ohio as the apos-
tles of its cause, their lecturing tour marked out by
the ladies of the Cleveland Branch.
Wherever a feeble society gave signs of decay, or
prejudicial rumors or internal dissensions threatened
the disintegration of a valuable auxiliary, one of these
agents was desired to go, to strengthen the hands of
the faithful and to bring his own personal knowledge
of Sanitary work at the front against ignorance or
mij^cliievous hearsay.
These lectures were under the immediate superin-
tendence of the Aid Society of the town where they
were given, and were free to the public unless the
local society chose to fix an entrance fee for the
benefit of its own treasury. All personal expenses of
these agents were paid by the general Commission.
Their railroad fare was usually reduced to half rates
by the kindness of railroad officials. The ladies of
country societies often lessened the expenses by enter-
taining the agents at their own houses, and in all cases
treated them with great cordiality and gladly accepted
theii* aid.
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PURCHASING VEGETABLES. Ill
These home agents were instructed to give special
weight to their appeals for vegetables, pickles and all
farm and dairy products.
At the close of the lecture the agent would some-
times telegraph to the Cleveland Aid Rooms, stating
the number of bushels pledged. Empty barrels and
sacks would then be sent from Cleveland to secure
the supplies which the farmers brought to the nearest
railroad station in bulk Thus every effort was made
to ensure the co-operation of the farming community.
The Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula railroad
company on several occasions furnished cars to be
loaded at way stations with vegetables consigned to
the Cleveland Aid Rooms. For these and many other
favors the Society is indebted to the kindness of Mr.
H. Nottingham, superintendent of that road.
The Cleveland Branch used freely of its means to
purchase potatoes and onions, and became the agent
of the general Sanitary Commission in making very
heavy purchases of vegetables and in forwarding large
lots that were bought in northern New York. These
purchased vegetables were delivered in Cleveland by
the car or boat-load in bulk. The barreling and
shipping were superintended by the ladies of the
Society.
The purchasing of vegetables was done very quietly
and through a third party, lest, should it become
known that the Sanitary Commission had entered the
market as a buyer, the price of these products might
rise, and some prudent holders be disposed to sell
what otherwise they would willingly have given
away.
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112 SPECIAL CARS.
The pledge of the Cleveland Society to the Sanitary
Commission was more than fulfilled throughout this
summer,
Unliitiited favors of transportation were aflfbrded
hy the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad
company^ both to contributed and purchased supplies.
Special cai's were always furnished to the Society.
These were run off upon a side track at the depot
and could there be loaded at leisure. Attached to
freight or passenger trains, they were hurried forward,
and any accidental detention was promptly remedied
by the ever courteous officials of the road. Cars
secured by the Aid Society padlock received especial
attention and seemed to have the right of way before
all others. For these favors the Aid Society would
make grateful acknowledgment to Messrs. L. M.
Hubby, president, E. S. Flint, superintendent, and
A. Hills, general freight agent of the Cleveland,
Columbus and Cincinnati railroad.
Tf the Sanitary Commission had built a railroad of
its o^vn through Ohio it could scarcely have been
more independent in matters of transportation.
Accompanied by a shipping agent of the Sanitary
Commission, the stores sent down from Cleveland
were transferred at Cincinnati to the mail boat and
consigned to the Central office at Louisville. When
tliey arrived there, the responsibility of the Cleveland
Branch ended.
At Louisville, supplies were divided into two great
streams of beneficence, — one flowing southward over
the Louisville and Nashville railroad towards the
army of the Cumberland, the other following the
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ANOTHER JOUUNEY. 113
course of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to the army
of the Tennessee, still thundering at the gates of
Vicksburg. Here the supply work of the Western
and the United States Sanitary Commissions was in
full and splendid operation. Their agents were dis-
pensing with so liberal a hand as almost to justify
the saying, some months later, " potatoes and onions
captured Vicksburg ! "
May 5th, the secretary of the Cleveland Aid Society
left home for Louisville, Nashville and Murfreesboro,
which was still " the front " of the army of the
Cumberland. This trip embraced three weeks of
sight-seeing and hospital visiting, and was undertaken
with the double purpose of recreation from office
duties and of gaining accurate and vivid ideas of
relief-work in the field that might be used to advan-
tage in stimulating supplies at home.
Two ladies of the Norwalk Branch were of the
party, which enjoyed the escort of Dr. A. N. Bead,
chief Inspector of the Sanitary Commission in that
department.
At Cincinnati and Louisville, visits were paid to
the Soldiers' Homes, the hospitals, the offices and
warehouses of the Sanitary Commission and to many
places which war had invested with new interest.
Leaving Louisville for Nashville, the luggage of
the travelers was inspected by the proper officer who,
after satisfying himself that the ladies were not carry-
ing to the enemy any " aid or comfort " in the shape
of morphine, quinine or ammunition, placed across
each key-hole a little strip of white muslin, duly
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1 1 4 TRAVELING IN DIXIE.
fastened above and below with an ostentatious bit of
red wax upon which was set the seal of Uncle Sam's
apj>rnval Provided with military passes, in which
name, agt', weight, height, color of eyes and hair, and
undoubted loyalty were conspicuously recorded, the
party ^Yn>B admitted to seats in the cars of the Louis-
ville and Nashville railroad.
Bardstown, Lebanon Junction, Elizabethtown, No-
li n. Bacon Creek and Munfordsville were all passed,
in turn. It was difficult to associate these places
with the former visit or to realize that the red waves
of war had only one year before rolled over hills now
covered with verdure and fields now rich with ripen-
ing grain.
Bnt after dashing through the tunnels, creeping
over the l)ridges and curving around the angles of
the Muldraugh hills, the train moved more cautiously.
The guard retired into stockade cars and with cocked
rifles kept a sharp watch upon the hillsides ; throw-
ing suspicious glances — and an occasional pistol shot
^^into tbt' clumps of brushwood, for here was a
strongb*.>ld of guerilla rule. The passengers were
instructed to throw themselves upon the floor of the
car at the first volley of musketry, receiving the
comforting asBurance that if they were to be " gobbled
up " anywhere on the road, that interesting ceremony
^vould take place at this stage of the journey !
Thanks to the vigilance of the brave soldiers who
guarded eveiy bridge and patrolled every cross-road,
the guerillas were restrained from paying their com-
pliments tr> this train. A sharp skirmish-fire, seen
from the car window at the distance of half a mile,
gave excitement, without danger, to the journey.
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SIGHT-SEEING. 115
At Nashville the travelers became the guests of the
Sanitary Commission household. Establishing head-
quarters there, they spent day after day in visiting the
hospitals, the camps lying out upon the hillsides, the
fortifications, the convalescent quarters, with their
blooming and fruitful gardens, the Sanitary Commis-
sion supply depot and warehouses, and the Soldiers'
Home.
They further tempted fate by trips to Franklin
and Murfreesboro, which were the outposts of two
branches of the main army, encountering, however,
nothing more hazardous than a railroad break-down
and detention in a guerilla-haunted forest.
During a stay of some days at Murfreesboro the
party had unusual opportunities for seeing the army
in camp and hospital, through the kindness of M. C.
Read, Esq., agent of the Sanitary Commission, in
charge there, and the courteousness of General Rose-
CRANS and staff, who gave every facility of transporta-
tion and escort.
The fortifications, then considered a triumph of
military engineering, the signal stations and the
ordnance and commissary depots were visited, and the
battle-field of Stone River, — still strewn with the
wreck of war and furrowed with countless graves.
For months the Sanitary Commission had been felt
as a power for good in that army, and its agents and
their work were in cordial favor with officers and
men. It was pleasant indeed to the visitors, as they
passed from tent to tent of the evergreen-shaded
camps, to hear this acknowledged and to see that it
was true.
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116 A CHEERING REPORT.
Hospitalsj convalescent camps, Sanitary gardens and
the hospital train upon which they journeyed back to
Nashville, told the same tale, so cheering to carry
home to the fiiithful laborers in Ohio.
It was the endeavor upon returning from this trip
to the fi'ont, as on all similar occasions, to stir afresh
the sympathies of the army of home-workers and to
evoke their increased activity by representing to the
Branch Societies, through published articles and per-
sonal letters, the impressions that had been gained
fi*om observation of Sanitary work in the army.
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CHAPTER VIL
To the zealous workers in the home field there
soon came the joyfiil news that liberal contributions
and prompt shipment of vegetables had already stayed
the progress of the much dreaded disease. In the
same breath they were warned that it was of the last
importance to continue these supplies so long as the
season would allow, in order to confirm the health of
the army and strengthen it for the trials which a
sudden and severe engagement would involve.
So the good work went on, and when planting
time came, farmers and gardeners were exhorted to lay
out a " soldiers' acre." Even children were encouraged
to turn their little garden spots into an onion bed,
and this was very generally done. One Sunday school
on the borders of Pennsylvania formed itself into a
"Union Garden Aid Society" and cultivated a large
piece of ground which yielded well to the soldiers.
At that time local political organizations called the
Union League were springing up all over the State.
The children soon parodied this in their Onion leagues,
formed in many country towns. The sign "Onion
League," painted on a fluttering flag or bit of board,
was often conspicuous over a patch of ground where
these patriotic little gardeners might have been seen
117
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118 THE "onion" league.
pulling the weeds and impatiently waiting for the
reward of their industry.
The assemblies of the Union League, mentioned
above, and of the military mass meetings and loyal
couventionsi often proved a harvest to the aid socie-
ties of the to^vB9 where they were held. At the close
of such a meeting some one would propose "three
cheers for the soldiers and a collection for the sick
and wounded" or the ladies of the local society would
lay a net for these unwary leaguers by spreading a
tempting supper-table or opening a " dining-tent "
during the session of the convention^
The officers of the Cleveland Society, on hearing of
one or two ventures of this kind, issued, June 15th,
Circulai' No, llj advising their auxiliaries to seize
similar occasions \\^henever presented, reminding them
that straw^beny season is the witching time for fairs,
festivals and moonlight picnics, and that the approach-
ing *^ fourth " offered great inducements for entertain-
ments.
The suggestions of this circular were followed by
nearly every branch society and always with success.
A picnic or festival under the auspices of an aid
society was sure to be well patronized.
The little girls caught this spirit of charitable
merry-making and devoted their play hours to hold-
ing niimic bazaarn and fairs, bringing with great pride
their gains to the Aid liooms.
So lively was the interest of the people of Northern
Ohio in the vrelfare of their soldier friends and broth-
erSj that it was only necessary to suggest the wants of
a hospital in ordev to ensure quick and hearty aid in
any proposed measure of relief.
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THE SANITARY KEPORTER. 119
The tributary societies naturally looked to the
Cleveland Aid Rooms for instruction, and it was the
endeavor to engage this enthusiastic co-operation and
turn it in the right direction by issuing frequent
circulars, by preparing articles weekly for the city and
country papers and by reporting fully upon the pro-
gress of relief-work at the front.
A much valued agency for this purpose was the
" Sanitary Reporter " which appeared in June of this
year.
The Sanitary Reporter was a semi-monthly news-
paper established by the Secretary of the Western
Department, and was issued from the Central office
at Louisville. It w^as published, as its prospectus
announced, "for gratuitous distribution among the
soldiers' aid societies and that portion of the people
of the loyal states who care to be infonned of the
objects and work of the Sanitary Commission and
who desire information as to the state of the army, its
necessities and the best way to supply them."
Seven hundred and fifty copies of each issue of the
Sanitary Reporter were mailed by the Cleveland
Branch to its auxiliary societies and to its friends in
Ohio and Pennsylvania.
The interesting letters and reports which this little
paper contained were read aloud at the sewing meet-
ings of many of the aid societies, nor did its mission
end here. It was afterwards circulated through the
neighborhood, that new friends might be gained to
the Sanitary Commission in those who read this
record of its efficiency.
The mailing of the Sanitary Reporter and of the
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l20 MAILING DOCUMENTS.
Sanitary Bulletin, — a semi-monthly pamphlet estab-
lished in November, 1863, by the Eastern Department
of the Commission, — added greatly to the duties of
the document committee.
The total number of Reporters, Bulletins and docu-
ments of the general Commission issued by the
Cleveland Branch is seventy-four thousand seven
hundred and seventy-five. This, added to twenty-
nine thousand five hundred and twenty-five copies of
the Society's own publications, makes the total issue
from the Document Committee at Cleveland reach one
hundred and four thousand three hundred. This
estimate is exclusive of minor circulars, blanks, cards
and directions for work, and of several thousand
copies of loyal league publications.
It is a pleasure to recall and to acknowledge here the
services of Mrs. Geo. Willey, Mrs. John M. Sterling,
Jr., Miss Vaughan, Miss Stewart, Miss Anna Bald-
win and Miss Annie Carter, members of the Docu-
ment Committee during a period of more than two
years of its heaviest duties. The names of other
ladies who served on this committee earlier in the
war are given on page 69.
All mail matter issued from the Cleveland Aid
Rooms was post free, through an informal arrange-
ment effected with the Post Office Department by
some friends of the Society. This favor was enjoyed
from March, 1862, till April, 1865, and it enabled the
Society to distribute its own documents and those of
the Sanitary Commission more widely than the heavy
expense of postage would have justified.
Besides circulating Sanitary documents, the Society
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GOOD NEWS. 121
distributed in the army several thousand pamphlets
of the Union League and Loyal Publication houses
of Philadelphia, New York and Boston. It seemed
to the ladies as clearly their duty to confirm the moral
and political health of the soldier as to minister to
his physical welfare. Therefore, every publication
that gave out the ring of true loyalty was assidu
ously circulated in hospital and camp.
Direct advices from Nashville and Murfreesboro, in
June of this year, gave a cheering view of the sanitary
condition of the army of the Cumberland.
The Nashville hospitals were nearly all cleared of
inmates and all the hospitals in the town of Murfrees-
boro were closed, the few sick or unfit for duty being
sent to the field hospital or convalescent camp.
The hospital cars of the Sanitary Commission had
been constantly transporting sick and discharged
soldiers from Murfreesboro to Nashville, where, after
the needful rest in the Soldiers' Home, they were
again forwarded by hospital train to Louisville, thence
to be sent to the hospitals nearest their homes, in
accordance with late orders of the Surgeon General.
The agents of the Sanitary Commission were still
issuing vegetables to men in camp, and the sick were
well supplied from the hospital gardens, which now
began to prove their value.
These gardens had been established at Nashville
and Murfreesboro on suggestion of the Sanitary
Commission, upon ground confiscated for the purpose
by order of General Rosecbans, who showed much
interest in the project. The seeds and garden imple-
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122 SANITARY GARDENS.
luents were furnished by the Commission. Conva-
lescent soldiers were detailed to do the garden work,
planting and weeding a few hours each day as
strength would peraiit.
So much pride had many of them in this work that
they transplanted wild flowers from the woods to
ornament the borders and pathways.
Hearing of this attempt at horticulture and desirous
to encourage it, one of the young ladies of the
Cleveland Branch solicited from the green-houses of
her fi'iends more than a hundred pots of choice roses,
geraniums, verbenas and other bedding-out plants
and also obtained from the seedsmen large packages
of flower ^eeds. The Aid Society added to this gift
by inirchasing a barrel of dahlia bulbs. All were
forwarded to the hospital gardens by the American
Express company, free of charge, and were soon grow-
ing fluely.
The following description of the Sanitary Gardens
at Chattanooga was written a year later by the young
lady whose efforts to beautify the soldiers' flower-beds
have juHt been mentioned :
" Chattanooga, situated in the midst of the vaUey, on the banks of the
TeniiDBsco^ utid surrounded by an amphitheatre of hills, was once noted for
its beauty. Shady, carefully kept groves of ancient trees covered the hills
and plaina, and the houses were surrounded by gardens that bloomed with
the uioBt exquisite flowers. The plains around the houses were dotted with
fino plantationB where were raised the magnificent crops for which East
TenneBBce is bo celebrated. Now the plains are swept literally bare, so
that guiiB on Fort Wood can command the whole valley from Mission
Ridge araund to Cameron mil, and the town itself is reduced to an army
post, hotj dusty, and swarming with soldiers. A walk in any direction
briuga jou into a deserted camp, and you stumble over old shoes, ragged,
torn coats and rusty canteens, telling of where our soldiers lived, before,
follow inff the universal custom of Yankees on the first of May, they " moved "
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A DESCRIPTION. 123
in searcli of better quarters. But one tiling redeems tlus sad picture of the
havoc that war has made at Chattanooga, and that is the Sanitary Gardens,
consisting of a hundred and fifty acres, given by the General Commanding
to the United States Sanitary Commission, to be cultivated for the benefit
of the sick and wounded soldiers. These gardens lie along the banks of
the Tennessee, about three-quarters of a mile from the town, up the river.
The only approach to them is across a narrow bridge over a little creek,
and should you attempt to enter, an imperative " halt " from the sentry
with leveled bayonet disagreeably reminds you that passes, anywhere and
everywhere and for all sorts of reasons, are the most essential things in
Dixie. Once through that barrier, you find yourself upon a level plain,
with long rows of onions, beets, turnips, x)arsnip8, etc., stretching away
from you on either hand. In one corner of the field you notice a detach-
ment of Uncle Sam's " unbleached American " children in their neat blue
uniforms, hoeing away for dear life at the potatoes, as they never hoed
before at " de cotton and de com." The hundred and fifty acres do not lie
together, but are separated by a creek or arm of the river into different
fields, so that Mr. Wills, the head gardener, has been able to separate his
crops, taking one entire field for potatoes, another for com, and still another
for onions, etc. The whole garden is now planted. Nearly in the center
of the garden is an Indian mound, so elevated above the plain that, stand-
ing on its top, you can at a glance take in the whole magnificent scenery.
At your left lies the blue Tennessee, glittering out from beyond Mission
Ridge and winding through the valley to the base of Lookout, tangling
the hills in a silver braid ; opposite, on the Ridge, is that fatal cornfield
where Sherman fought so long and so well, and the heights our brave men
stormed and won, and further on towards the right stands old Lookout, a
great sentinel, visible for miles away. The sides of this beautiful mound
are now green with lettuce, radishes, mustard, etc., but when these are
gone the mound will be a fragrant bouquet of flowers from foot to summit.
In the center of the level space on the top is a tent with rustic seats around,
and the Sanitary Commission proposes to give Cleveland the honor of
placing a Union flag over the tent, an emblem of the benevolence as well
as the patriotism of the loyal North. Near the mound are the tents and
accommodations for the workmen and teams. Besides a large force perma-
nently employed, Mr. M. C. Reas, of Hudson, O., the Agent of the Commis-
sion, to whom the success of the gardens is chiefly due, has obtained from
the Government one company to be stationed there as guards, and also a
company from one of the colored regiments to assist in cultivating. He
employs from twenty to thirty horses and mules in plowing and teaming.
Every day ambulances from the various hospitals are sent to the gardens,
and these return laden with the bounties that nature so readily yields to
a willing, industrious hand. Already hundreds of bushels of lettuce and
other greens have been given to the hospitals at C-hattanooga and on
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124 A PIC-NIC DINNER.
Lookout, and should the abundant harvests that are now promised grow to
a reality, there will be vegetables enough to supply all the hospitals at
t)iat i>oiut during the coming summer and fall. Early in April Mr. Read
diiocjvered four fine vineyards along the line of the railroad beyond Mission
Ridge H and on application to Gen. Thomas they were placed under his
contrt}!. The vines are cultivated on short poles, and when I saw them a
few weeks ago the grapes were set in large quantities. How refreshing
to our suffering soldiers, who have lain for nearly three months in crowded
warda under the burning Southern sun, will be this delicious fruit next
fall t For, sad to say, it takes months for a wound to heal, and the patience
of a soldier must be even greater than his bravery.
C.
An occasion for giving a little pleasure to the
soldiers in the city camp was presented in the
approaching fourth of July, and the ladies of the
Aid Society arranged a picnic dinner for the four
hundred inmates of Camp Cleveland military hospital.
The Aid Rooms on Bank street and a branch depot
on the west side of the city were the appointed
recei\ing-stations for viands of every description.
So lilieral were the supplies that an abundant feast
was ypread not only for the patients and all inmates
of the hospital but also for the eight hundred recruits
in canij).
Besides these contributions in kind, from the ladies
of the city and vicinity, there were many gifts of
money from gentlemen, on behalf of the soldiers'
dinner.
The Aid Society at this time received several " ben-
efits" of which it may be proper to make special
nientioii.
From the finance committee of the Union Mass
Convention held in the city came the welcome gift
of three himdred dollars, being the surplus of an
amount collected from citizens to defray the expenses
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A GLORIOUS "fourth. 125
of that assembly. The young people of Ashtabula
sent in one hundred and fourteen dollars, the avails
of a successful amateur concert. The scholars of Mrs.
Day's school held a pleasant bazaar by which seventy-
five dollars were raised for the soldiers. Four little
girls on St. Clair street planned a school-room fair
and sent in twenty-nine dollars as the result, and
there were many other little fairs among the children.
One very little girl brought to the Aid Rooms a
dollar which had been sent to her by her soldier
brother to be spent in fire works for her amusement
on the fourth of July.
The "glorious fourth" dawned and Avas duly cele-
brated in the Northern States, while prayers for our
brave armies breathed from each loyal heart and
tempered yet intensified every patriotic utterance.
All day long the electric wires trembled with the
distant mutterings of battle, and before another day
had ended a shout of triumph and thanksgiving
pealed through the North.
Glad tidings of victory had burst upon us from the
West, only to be caught up and re-echoed by the exult-
ant armies of the East.
Vicksburg, the Gibraltar of the enemy, had fallen
before its gallant besiegers, and in the East the hordes
that had overrun and devastated a portion of one
of our fairest northern states, and proudly threatened
to bring the horrors of war to our very doors, had
been met at Gettysburg and driven back in confusion
and defeat.
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126 TIMELY SUPPLIES.
The brilliant generalship and heroic deeds of these
battle-fields absorbed the first glad moments of
ti'iumph.
Soon, the heart-sickening details of the struggle ;
the names of those who were, but are not ; and of
those who with maimed and shattered limbs had been
gathered into the temporary shelter of improvised
hospitals, began to reach the eye and to fall like a
death-stroke upon the heart of many a Rachel, be-
wailing her dead or mourning with yet keener anguish
for him whose fate is shrouded in the dread uncer-
tainty that hangs over the unrecorded history of the
battle-field.
While watching with intense anxiety the progress
of the siege of Vicksburg, it had been a joy to know
that the sufferers in our army were not to wait the
tardy coming of supplies gathered and sent forward
after the news of battle had reached the ears of their
northern friends.
Into the general storehouses of the Sanitary Com-
miJ^sion at Louisville and Cairo had flowed the
eontidbutions of all the northern Branches, and these
supplies were thus concentrated only to be distributed
among the sub-depots still nearer the army. Thanks
to the well organized system of supply-steamers that
for months had been running upon the Ohio and
Mississippi, the Sanitary stations at the front now
contained stores suited to the exigencies of the situa-
tion. These were soon largely increased by the
cargoes of several steamers that had been sent in
anticipation of this special need and were far on their
way down the river when the victory was announced.
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A THANK-OFFERING. 127
The capture of Vicksburg opened the Mississippi
river as a broad channel into which to pour the gifts
of a people grateful from the depths of their loyal
hearts for the repossession of the great commercial
highway that secession had so long usurped.
The Sanitary supply-steamers followed closely in
the wake of our victorious gunboats and our reviving
river trade, and it was the ambition of every northern
Branch to send them laden with a thank-offering to
the brave men who had taken part in the struggle
that resulted so gloriously to our cause.
The eastern Branches of the Sanitary Commission
were nobly at work among the wounded at Gettys-
burg. The value of the principal Sanitary supplies
given out upon that field during the four weeks after
the battle, is estimated at seventy-five thousand dollars.
In compliance with suggestions received from the
Central office, the Cleveland Branch Commission
held its stores ready for any need that might arise at
Gettysburg, but no call was made for them, and the
forwarding of a few boxes of surgeons' supplies, on
special request of the Pittsburgh Branch, was the
extent of its work in Gettysburg hospitals.
The relief that the Cleveland Branch gave to the
wounded of Gettysburg was confined to the hospitali-
ties rendered to those of them who, returning on
furlough to their homes in the West, sought rest and
refreshment in the Depot Hospital.
The Depot Hospital, from its establishment in
April, 1862 — see page 51 — had been a haven of
rest to many a worn and broken traveler. No part
of the relief-work recorded in this volume was more
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128 (RETURNING HEROES.
successful or brought more cheering returns than that
which was done within its walls.
Not a day passed but some waif from the ebb-tide
of war's crimson river was cast within reach, and when
the flood-gates of battle were opened, the capacity of
this little wayside-inn was often tested to the utmost.
In Aiigust of this year, the return through Cleve-
land of fourteen regiments of New England soldiers,
heroes of Port Hudson, gave occasion for oflfering
personal care to the many feeble and disabled and
refreshment to alL
In these offices of hospitality the Society recognized
no new duties, no stepping aside from the purposes of
its oi'ganization. It was only that the objects of care
had come nearer, had been brought to the very door,
Hu that with outstretched hand they could reach the
conifoi'ts that until now had been sent by trusty
agents and thrt »ugh well known channels to the far-off
regions of trial and suffering from which they had
just been released.
The presence of these regiments wakened an enthu*
sifLstic l)enevolenL'e that is an honor to the citizens of
Cleveland,
The response to the calls of the Aid Society for
table supplies oi^ delicacies for the sick was unflagging
and moat geneitnis. Wines and other stimulants
were even lavishly given and were of the choicest
(juality. Fruits imi vegetables were plentiful, soup
and broth and delicate morsels of sick diet were sent
to tempt the feeble appetite. Everything that gener-
osity could pro\ ide or the skill of the housewife
prepare was offered in abundance.
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A FORESHADOWING. 129
The sympathy of many was shown by their constant
personal attendance upon the sick in the Depot Hos-
pital, where the gravest cases were carried on the
arrival of each train.
The details of this work are properly embraced in
the special relief service of the Society. A sketch of
the reception of these Port Hudson regiments will be
found in the accompanying Special Relief Report.
This experience in the entertainment of returning
regiments was only a foreshadowing of the duties that
later months of the war would develop.
The accommodations of the little Depot Hospital
were barely sufficient for invalid soldiers coming
singly or in small squads, and care could be better
and more conveniently given to these under other
arrangements. For the reception of any considerable
number of sick and certainly for offering hospitality
to a regiment, more space and greater facilities were
indispensable.
The time had come when these were needed, and
the darling project of building a Soldiers' Home
became an all-absorbing subject of consultation at
the Aid Rooms.
How to raise the money for this, was the first and
most important question. The current expenses of
the Society were daily becoming heavier as its supply
work steadily increased. It was clear that nothing
could be spared from the monthly receipts. The
California fund was held sacred to the purchase of
material and hospital stores and it was not thought
right to divert any portion of it to this new enterprise.
The Soldiers' Homes in most other Northern cities
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130 A NEW PROJECT.
were local institutions built by contributions of citi-
zens.
After mucli deliberation it was resolved to apply
directly to the business men of the city for money
to erect the building, and trust to some plan of^
evening entertainments for the support of the Home
when once it was opened.
This was decided with great hesitation since it had
always been the pride of the officers to avoid personal
solicitation of money. There seemed, however, a
peculiar propriety in asking from the citizens of
Cleveland a direct contribution for this specific object.
It was believed that every man who invested his
money in such a building would at the same time
take stock of interest and good will in the work to
which it was devoted, and would feel a citizen's pride
in sustaining a local charity which he had helped to
establish.
Wlien this method of raising money was decided
u]>on, the first vice-president and treasurer and one
member of the Society sacrificed their distaste to the
requirements of this new duty and, with the escort of
two gentlemen who cordially favored the plan, called
upon the business men, presented the need of a
Soldiers' Home and asked for the means to build it.
In two days of this canvassing, seventeen hundred
dollars were collected. Later contributions increased
thisi amount to two thousand dollars, more than suffi-
cient to erect the proposed building. This includes
the estimates of lumber secured from lumber dealers
by ^solicitation of the president of the Society.
A building spot was given by the Cleveland and
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CLEVELAND SOLDIERS' HOME. 131
Columbus railroad company, adjoining the Union
railroad depot and well located for the purpose.
Plans and specifications of the Louisville Home were
furnished by Dr. Newberry. These were submitted
to Mr. Randall Crawford, who volunteered to
modify and adapt them, to purchase materials and to
engage and superintend the workmen. The work
was pushed forward rapidly enough to satisfy even
the ladies of the Society, who watched its progress
with eager impatience.
December 12th, 1863, the Cleveland Soldij:rs'
Home was opened and dedicated to the special relief
work which is detailed in the accompanying report.
It will there be seen that the building, at first twenty-
two feet wide and two hundred feet long, was
increased by subsequent additions to an area of
sixty-three hundred and eighty square feet; that
fifty-seven thousand six hundred and nine soldiers
found temporary shelter there, to whom one hundred
and eleven thousand nine hundred and one meals, and
twenty-nine thousand nine hundred and seventy-four
lodgings were given; and that its hospitable doors
were never closed till long after the happy return of
peace.
As summer advanced and the heavier labors of
harvest season were over, all friends in the country
were enjoined to begin a vigorous work in their aid
societies, that winter weather might not cause suffer-
ing from lack of comforts that might have been
furnished.
Dried fruits, pickles, krout and vegetables were
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153 THE summer's work.
placed prominently upon the list of much needed
supplies. Housekeepers were admonished to remem-
ter the sick soldier as they prepared the winter's
stock of dried fruit and pickles for their own families.
Blackberries in wine, cordial, jam, or simply dried
were sought for by those in charge of hospitals. This
fruit had medicinal virtues peculiarly suited to check
the diseases then prevalent in our army.
The many boys and girls who were daily asking
'^ What can we do for the soldiers ? " were soon called
upon to form a volunteer regiment to pick the berries
which the ladies of the country societies would then
prepare for hospital use.
Societies were urged to replenish their funds by
subscription or solicitation in order to furnish material
for the weekly meetings through the autumn. The
young ladies of each town were invited to take upon
themselves the work of collection and to make it their
duty to supply funds for the local aid society.
August 6th, appointed by President Lincoln as a
day of national thanksgiving for the success of the
Union armies, seemed an appropriate time for a thank-
offering to wounded soldiers. A request was made to
the pastors of the city churches to take up a collec-
tion at the close of religious services upon that day.
Clergymen throughout Northern Ohio were desired to
influence the gifts of their churches toward the sup-
port of the local aid societies.
It was not known, at the time of making this sug-
gestion, that the Christian Commission had just sent
a similar request to each loyal pulpit in behalf of its
own relief work in army and navy. As soon as this
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CutMKG 6tJf Material l33
was discovered no further action was taken in the
matter by the Aid Society. The contributions of
several city churches were handed in, aggregating two
hundred and twenty-five dollars. Some country aid
societies received the collections made in their
churches, but the money contributed on that day was
mostly sent to the treasury of the Christian Commis-
sion at Philadelphia.
No other attempt was made this summer to raise
money, except the special collection for building the
Soldiers' Home, which has been mentioned.
The California fimd had been freely drawn upon
in purchasing vegetables for the warfare against
scurvy and in keeping the work committee supplied
with material.
All material furnished to Branch societies was cut
at the Aid Rooms by economical and experienced
hands, and sent out in packages of ten, twenty or
thirty garments. Each package was charged against
the society to which it was sent and the finished
garments were credited and acknowledged in print as
" returned work."
Promise of such aid was never given until other
means of maintaining the vigor of a society had
been faithfully tried, and then this was offered as a
temporary support, to be withdrawn so soon as
independent standing was regained.
As the nature of hospital supplies changed from
this time and now represented a greater money value
but less amount of time in preparation, it was neces-
sary to give the officers of Branch societies more
support, in furnishing work by which they could
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134 SUSTAINING THE HOME.
sustain their sewing meetings and prevent the falling
off of members while vegetables, pickles and krout
were being gathered for the army.
The supply-work of the Society had been heavy
this summer and its responsibilities in sustaining its
feebler Branches and in supplying the Soldiers' Home
were increasing and requiring more liberal outlay.
It was designed to sustain the Home by raising a
fund especially for that purpose and quite independ-
ent of the resources of the supply department.
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CHAPTER Vm.
In August of this year the managers of the Chicago
Branch Sanitary Commision had announced a " Sani-
tary Fair," to he held in that city during the coming
October. Vast preparations had been going forward
through the summer, and, with an enthusiasm that
was regarded 'chimerical, the Chicago ladies had de-
clared their belief that twenty-five thousand dollars
would be cleared by this project.
The president, vice-president and treasurer of the
Cleveland Branch accepted an invitation to attend the
Chicago fair and spent three days in that whirlpool
of enthusiastic charity, where the flood of benevo-
lence swelled the hoped-for sum of twenty-five
thousand to a real benefit of seventy-eight thousand
dollar^
The spirit of emulation excited by the wonderful
success of the Chicago Fair gave rise, in other cities,
to a series of Sanitary fairs, — the most splendid
exhibitions of charity that the world has ever known,
— which opened a new era in the histoiy of benevo-
lent effort. In these magnificent fairs, all that taste,
skill, energy, loyalty, humanity and national or
sectional pride could accomplish was laid under
tribute. Their aggregate cash receipts were millions
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1 Jirt SANITARY FAIRS.
of dollars. Their indirect results in the momentum
given to patriotism and philanthropy, through this
war and to all time, are beyond estimate.
The officers of the Cleveland Aid Society had
visited the Chicago Fair with a somewhat vague pur-
pose of gaining ideas for the benefit of their own
work and especially with a view to some eflfbii; for
the support of their Soldiers' Home.
Their plans had not extended beyond a series of
evening amusements, a picture gallery, or a three
days' bazaar. They returned home with enlarged
views, aglow with the enthusiasm of the hour, and
resolved to launch their own little boat upon the
wave of prosperity.
November 24th, they were fully committed to this
venture by the following circular, which was No. 12
of the series:
Rooms Soldieks' Aid Society, No. 95 Bank Street, [
Cleveland, O., November 24, 1863. )
To the People of Northern Ohio :
We propose holding a Grand Festival, commencing on tlie 22d of Febru"
ETy, for the benefit of our sick and wounded soldiers. The necessity for
some effort of this kind is pressing. The loyal people of our State have
given freely and often ; yet the present year, while it promises no abatement
in the wantg of our army, finds us limited by means totally insufficient to
mc^et th<3 demand made upon us. Our expenses are also necessarily increased
by the higher rates of material, and to meet this emergency we propose to
the women of Northern Ohio to imitate the example of our sisters of the
northwest wlio, by their recent splendid effort, have given a new impetus to
Sanitary work in that department.
The first step in this enterprise must be to secure the co-operation of
those friends whose warm sympathies and liberal benefactions have hereto
fore carried us on so successfully in our work. From each member of the
E ranch Societies and from all who have contributed to this cause we ask
assistance to enable us to prosecute our labors with renewed energy. We
feel satislicd that the project can be succcessful without imposing upon any
individual a heavy tax or in any way retarding our daily labor by drawing
from the current supplies.
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FOLLOWING THE EXAMPLE. 137
Aside from the pecuniary benefit which we promise ourselves in this
undertaking, an opportunity will be offered to extend a cordial personal
greeting to many with whom we are connected in a common cause.
To them is due no small share of the honor which has made the Soldiers'
Aid Society of Northern Ohio a strong arm of the Commission, known and
recognized no less on the bloody battle-field than in many a hospital which
the soldier has consecrated by sickness and suffering, through the length
and breadth of the West.
We call upon our friends to join us, that we may work with new zeal
and a more ardent patriotism in an undertaking whose scope and aims
cannot be over-estimated. This early appeal is set forth that the attention
of every town and society may be secured. We shall hope to receive from
each according to its ability. We propose to devote a separate portion of
the hall to the respective contributions of each Branch.
It is impossible at this early day to furnish a definite programme of the
festival. No effort will spared to render it in the highest degree profitable
and attractive. The plan pursued will be similar to that of the Chicago
Fair, and will comprise the sale of every variety of fancy and useful articles.
During the continuance of the Fair a daily dinner will be furnished, and we
must look to our friends in the country to assist us with contributions of
milk, cream, butter, eggs, vegetables and poultry.
A series of attractive entertainments will be presented. Further particu-
lars and information will be furnished as the occasion demands.
We would suggest that each society convene its members and lay this
circular before them, that we may secure their immediate and prompt
action. Arrangements will be made with the various Railroad Companies
by which an opportunity will be afforded of coming to Cleveland and
returning the same day.
We ask of those who have never failed to respond to our appeals, with firm
faith in their continued well-doing.
Mrs. B. Bouse, President.
Mrs. Wm. M^lhinch, } ^ ^ .
Mrs. L. Burton, \ V. Presets.
Mart Clark Bratton, Secretary.
Ellen F. Terry, Treasurer.
The opening day of the fair, February 2 2d, was
chosen as being far enough distant to allow ample time
for maturing the yet half formed plan and because,
from being a national holiday, it was most likely to
arrest public attention and be retained in memory.
A few days after the announcement of this contem-
plated Sanitary Fair, the managers of the Cleveland
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138 AN EMBARRASSMENT.
Protestant Orphan Asylum gave public notice of an
intention to hold their third annual Bazaar about the
middle of January; proposing to unite with this
bazaar some effort for relief of destitute soldiers'
families living in the city.
The reasons given for bringing forward the soldiers'
families in connection with this bazaar were that the
Orphan Asylum, having received from two previous
annual bazaars large sums that had been funded at
interest, was now in need only of money enough for
the current expenses of the winter, — less than would
probably be raised by a bazaar, — and the managers of
the Asylum, sympathizing with the charities which
the accident of war had developed, were willing to
accept only a specified sum and to relinquish the
remainder to the ward committees that were organ-
ized for the care of soldiers' families.
With all cordial feeling for the Orphan Asylum
and for soldiers' families, the officers of the Aid Society
saw at a glance that the proposed bazaar would be
fatal to the success of their Sanitary Fair.
It would be dangerous enough to have a bazaar in
whatever interest, on so large a scale as was proposed,
in preparation all winter and opened four weeks in
advance of the fair; but when, added to this, the pa-
triotic element was to be evoked, through this effort for
soldiers' families, it was certain that this sentiment
would not so soon respond again, and that the fair
would fall to the ground, a dead failure, or be at best
only a partial success that might prove equally dam-
aging to the interests of the Sanitary Commission.
The fair had not been proposed as a means of
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CONFLICTING INTERESTS. 139
raising money for any temporary emergency, nor for
the work of one winter only, nor even of one year.
It was rather to take advantage of this mania of
generosity, this wonderful epidemic charity, that was
breaking out in Sanitary fairs, east and west, and
that might soon disappear with paralyzing reaction.
So vast and exhaustive an undertaking must be
made to bear proportionate results and to place the
Society in a condition of absolute financial security to
the end of its existence.
With these convictions the officers of the Aid Society
felt that the orphan and soldiers' families bazaar was
a positive barrier to their own plans.
This was talked over in friendly council and several
business meetings were called to consider it. A pro-
posal was made to hasten preparations for the bazaar,
and to open it early in December, thus removing it
farther from the time of holding the fair. This seemed
likely to conflict with some other charitable schemes
that were going forward then, and was not thought
possible.
The ladies of the Orphan Asylum claimed that
having originated in Cleveland the system of holding
bazaars they were by courtesy entitled to the exclusive
privilege of raising money by that means, and that
they were at liberty to introduce any element that
promised to ensure success.
The ladies of the Aid Society urged that to hold a
bazaar for the benefit of soldiers' families as well as
for the orphans — and this so near the opening of the
Sanitary Fair — would necessarily embarrass their ope-
rations and virtually destroy the fair.
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140 A COMPROMISE.
Both entertainments had been announced to the
pnl)lic and i>reparations to some extent had already
Ijeen made for each. A compromise must be effected
and these conflicting interests harmonized in the spirit
of good will that had always prevailed in the public
diarities of Cleveland.
The committee to which the matter was referred,
— representing jointly the Aid Society, the Orphan
Asylum and the soldiers' families, — reported in favor
of holding a grand Union Bazaar which should re-
present the interests of both Orphan Asylum and
Aid Society; three thousand dollars of the net
receipts to lie pledged to the Orphan Asylum and
the balance given to the Aid Society.
This committee deemed it prudent to drop the sol-
diers' families from the project, since a third of the sum
raised by a bazaar would be but a fraction of the
amount required for their support during the winter
and it seemed certain that the promise of this tempo-
rary resource would check the activity and embarrass
the canvassing system of the ward committees having
these families in charge, and thus do an injury out-
weighing any advantage that would accrue to them
from an incoi^poration with the bazaar.
When it is remembered that the receipts of chari-
table entertainments in Cleveland had heretofore been
counted by liimdreds only, and never — save in the two
Orphan Asylum bazaars, which had been called bril-
liant in result — could be estimated by thovsands^ it
is not sti^ange that the ward relief committees declined
to accept a third of a bazaar that was yet in embryo,
or that the three thousand dollars that were to be
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AN OPPORTUNE LEGACY. 141
ensured to the Orphan Asylum seemed like the lion's
share of the possible proceeds.
The high hopes with which the ladies of the Aid
Society had returned from the Chicago Fair were sud-
denly dashed by this unexpected entanglement.
Besides the discouraging prospect of receiving only
a fraction of the avails in event of success, there was
another view of the case that made the Union Bazaar
still more distasteful to them.
For the Sanitary Fair, the aid of all Northern Ohio
and of adjoining States had been solicited. The co-
operation of the branch aid societies was indispensable
to success. But it could not be hoped to secure this
when it became known that the proceeds of the fair
were to be divided with a strictly local charity.
Though sincerely in sympathy with the benevolent
purposes of the Orphan Asylum, the officers of the
Aid Society felt that this proposed Union Bazaar was
very unfortunate for the cause they represented, and
no doubt the managers of the Asylum were equally
annoyed by it.
Both parties, however, acquiesced in the decision of
the committee, and a special meeting was called to
make preliminary arrangements.
Into that meeting the news was brought that a
citizen just deceased had bequeathed to the Protestant
Orphan Asylum of Cleveland the sum of forty thou-
sand dollars. This munificent legacy relieved the
Asylum most opportunely from business perplexity,
and the managers relinquished all claim to the pro-
ceeds of the projected bazaar. This left to the Aid
Society a free field of operation and liberty to pursue
the designs announced in the preliminary circular.
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Ii2 NOimiEBN OHIO SANITARY FAIR.
So auspicious was the inception of the Northern
Ohio Sanitary Fair !
The committee that had been formed to conduct the
now abandoned Union Bazaar increased its numbers
and became the Executive Committee of the Fair.
The following were the honorary officers and Execu-
tive Committee of the Fair Association :
XOETtlERN OHIO SANITARY FAIR.
HONORARY OFFICERS.
Governor Jobn BnouGH, Ex-Governor David Tod,
Hon. SAI.MON P. Chase, Hon. Ben J. F. Wade,
Hon, JoHT^r Sherman, Maj.-Qenl J. A. Garfield,
Mayor Irvine U. Masters.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
T, P, Handy, Mrs. B. Rouse,
H. M, Ceapik, Mrs. Wm. Melhinch,
Dr, J- S. Nkwbkrrt, Mrs. L. Burton,
A MAS a Stotto, Jr.< Mary Clare Bratton,
Stillmak Wn'T. Ellen F. Terry,
Wm. B. Castle, Mrs. John Shelley,
Samhel L. Matheu, Mrs. J. A. Harris,
JosErii P ERE IKS, Mrs. Chas. a. Terry,
Geo. B. S enter, Mrs. S. Williamson,
Peter TRArrHRR, Jr., Mrs. Geo. A. Benedict,
Mrs. L. M. Hubby,
Mrs. Wm. B. Castle,
T. P. Handy, Chairman.
H. M. CHAPtK, ^
Mary Clare Bravton, V Seeretaries.
Ellen F. Terrv, J
Headquarters were established at the Aid Society
RoomSj No, 95 Bank street, and an office was rented
in the same buihling for the use of the secretaries and
the registration committee. Daily meetings of the
Executive Committee were held at 4 o'clock, P.M.
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COMMITTEES FOR THE FAIR. 143
The circulars, notices and reports of the Sanitary
Fairs of Chicago, Boston and Cincinnati were collected
and filed for consultation and a general programme
was formed from these precedents.
This embraced a Ladies' Bazaar, Refreshment Hall,
Exhibition of Machinery, Manufactures and Produce,
Fine Art Gallery, Floral Hall, Museum of Curiosities
and War Relics and a series of Evening Entertain-
ments.
The Executive Committee appointed the chairmen
of twenty-one special committees, as follows :
Peter Thatcher, Jr., on Buildings and Halls.
I. U. Masters, on Reception.
T. N. Bond, on Decorations.
J. G. HussEY, on Produce.
M. C. YOUNGLOVE, on Macliinery.
Wm. Bikgha^i, on Merchandise.
J. V. N. Yates, on Wood and Coal.
Mrs. Fayette Brown, on Booths and Fancy Tables.
Mrs. A. G. CoLWELL, on Fancy Articles.
Mrs. Dr. E. Sterling, on Floral Hall.
Wm. Edwards and Mrs. M. C. YouNGiiOVE, on Tables and Table
Furniture.
Mrs. T. BuRNHAM, on Refreshments.
H. F. Brayton, on Memorials and Curiosities.
Wm. J. BoARDMAN, on Fine Art Hall.
T. P. Handy, on Musical Entertainments.
Geo. WHiLEY, on Tableaux.
D. P. Eells, on Lectures.
John F. Warner, on Registration.
A. W. Fairbanks, on Printing and Stationery.
Col. W. H. Hayward, on Military.
John N. Frazee, on Police.
These chairmen formed their own committees, which
were enlarged and subdivided in later meetings at
discretion. Prominent business men and manufac-
turers throughout Ohio and Western Pennsylvania
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144 ISSUING CIRCULARS.
were created associate members of these committees
aud their personal influence was thus secured. (For a
full list of the fair committees see appendix E.)
The first duty of most of the committees was to
prepare a special appeal to the public. Eleven sub-
circulars were issued and each committee undertook
to send to friends and business acquaintances far and
near a certain number of the circulars of its own and
every other department.
A general circular was published in the newspapers
of Northern Ohio with the request that every one
who read it would send for a package of special
circulars or furnish the names of persons to whom
these might be mailed. Notice was given to citizens
to send in the names of relatives and friends who lived
in the country, that circulars might be sent to them.
All the ingenuity that had evoked the first response,
in the early days of the Society, was repeated in
behalf of the fair, aided by the machineiy which
neai'ly three years' experience had nicely adjusted to
this purpose.
All circulars were mailed from the Aid Rooms
under the franking privilege enjoyed by the Society.
To secure the aid of the Branches was a matter of
vital moment, and to do this without disturbing or
checking the routine of their duties, was equally
important.
With all their desire to excite an interest in the
approaching fair, the officers of the Cleveland Aid
Society were very solicitous lest preparations for it
might encroach upon their own regular business or
that of their tributaries. They would not advise any
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APPOINTING DELEGATES. 145
Branch to draw on its treasury to purchase materials
for fancy articles, nor to suffer the regular sewing
meetings to give place to assemblies on behalf of the
fair. The aim was to help the cause, which surely
would not be attained by exhausting the sources from
which the very life of the work flowed.
It was rather the design to use the influence of
these Branches in securing and forwarding such arti-
cles, solicited by an outside committee, as would not
naturally come into the list of their receipts; so
that contributions to the fair might be additions to
the usual supplies, not an interference with them.
The secretary and treasurer of the Aid Society, as
associate secretaries of the fair, assumed the specific
duty of engaging the interest and co-operation of the
Branches.
A personal letter was written to the president of
each of these Branch societies, with notice of her
appointment as delegate to the fair and soliciting her
services and influence in the preparations. Upon
notice of acceptance, the delegate was furnished with
a package of circulars containing, first, a general appeal
in which each department was briefly described and
appropriate gifts suggested, with a summary of the
attractions promised to visitors ; second, the special
circulars of the mercantile, manufactures, machinery,
produce, fine arts, floral hall, museum, fancy work and
refreshment committees, each fully explaining itself;
third, a large sheet-invoice to be filled out and re-
turned with the aggregate results of the township
canvassing, and some smaller invoice-blanks to accom-
pany individual gifts.
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14S PLANNING.
On receipt of these documents, the delegate was to
lay them before her society and to distribute them as
would best promote an interest in the fair.
It was advised that a committee of two really
active, earnest men should be appointed in each town-
ship to solicit contributions in conjunction with the
local society and, if necessary, to go about with teams
from farm to farm and gather up everything that
could be secured.
The military committees of each county were sup-
plied with circulars and requested to act as " head
centers" in collecting and forwarding. When pre-
ferred, these appointments were authorized by com-
missions sent from the officers of the fair association.
It was necessary to rouse Northern Ohio thoroughly
and to make the appeals specially pointed and search-
ing, for the reason that Cincinnati had just opened a
fail' that had drawn heavily upon the whole State. Its
circulars and appeals had been freely distributed in
Cleveland and vicinity, and had been responded to
with much liberality. Many towns from which great
things were hoped had given largely to Cincinnati
and it was feared these were scarcely ready to repeat
th(iir generosity.
But sectional pride soon came in to help on the
work. . It was determined that Cleveland should have
a fair commensurate with the resources of the Reserve
and the patriotism of its people.
In furtherance of this resolution the circulars of
each committee were issued till the corpulent mail-
bags grew to positive obesity. The office of post-
master could have been no sinecure in Ohio during
these preliminary days of the fair.
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THOROUGH OANVASSDTG. 147
To this proclamation period succeeded the canvass-
ing «ra.
Committee-men with memorandum book and pencil
were making the round of the city, each eager to
secure for his own department the pledge of his
neighbor. Few waited for such solicitation, but by
this thorough canvassing no one escaped. The gift of
one thousand dollars each from several city insurance
and manufacturing companies encouraged the can-
vassers at the outset, and from day to day the city
papers helped on their work by mentioning various
valuable articles of machinery ' or merchandise that
had rewarded the labor of solicitation.
It was urged that as an industrial exposition the fair
would promote the interests of the community, an
object which was thought proper to be mentioned as
a stimulus to contribution. Facilities were promised
to manufacturers and inventors for the display of
fabrics and machines which they wished to introduce
to the public, — the business card of the donor to be
attached to each article.
All classes, trades and professions were to be en-
listed in this cause. Soliciting committees were
reminded that there was nothing in the range of
known possessions, having money value or historic
interest, but would find a place and a welcome at the
fair. At each one's hand lay his own appropriate
offering. The mechanic could give the product of his
skill, the merchant his wares, the manufacturer his
finished article or the material from which it was
made, the laborer a portion of his wages, the farmer
his grain, the storage of his cellars, the wood from his
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1 48 LADIES AT WORK.
broad acres or the stock from his pastures. The hor-
ticulturist or gardener could add to the decorations
of Floral Hall or the supplies of the restaurant, the
antiquarian or curiosity-hunter might give or lend his
time-honored relics and his wonders to the Museum,
the skilful workwoman could find space for her
handicraft in the Bazaar, and the good things of the
housewife would supply the tables of the Dining
Hall.
The ladies of the city ceased to be recognized as
individuals and existed only as committee-women and
priestesses of bazaar, floi'al hall and restaurant.
The infection of this great charity pervaded every
parlor and school room, where pretty usefuls in needle-
work, marvels of embroidery, delicate conceits in
fancy work and airy trifles in crotchet grew rapidly
under fingers winged with patriotism and humanity.
The ladies of the refreshment committee were plan*
ning a system of continuous contribution to the dining
hall, in order to ensure stated supplies of provisions
for each day of the fair. The city was districted and
the wTitten pledge of each household taken for the
kind and quantity which it would fiimish upon a
specified day. Towns upon the lines of railroad cen-
tering in the city were notified of the days when
boxes of good things should be shipped, and general
rules were laid down to equalize the supplies sent in
by railroad and team. Country dainties of pantry,
dairy and poultry yard were especially levied upon.
The notable matrons of the Western Reserve were
besought to deal out to their households sparingly
and to contribute liberally, till the opening of the;
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THE PROPOSED BUILDING. 149
great dining hall should give opportunity to their
husbands, sons and brothers to avenge their wrongs
by an attack upon its abundant tables.
The committee on buildings and halls, charged
with the duty of providing suitable accommodations
for the fair, had decided at once that no public build-
ing in Cleveland was spacious enough to contain all
the departments, and that to scatter these through
the city in different halls would destroy the unity
and the attractions of the fair and endanger the
results.
The success of Sanitary fairs in other cities had
been limited only by the capacity of the buildings in
which they were held. The building committee took
warning from this experience and resolved that no
want of space should check the progress of the Cleve-
land fair.
After due deliberation in nightly session, they
advised the erection in the Public Square of a tem-
porary structure that should give ample room for all
departments. This situation, from its central position
and accessibility, was unsurpassed and the building
was designed to present in itself a peculiar attraction
of the fair.
The proposed building covered an area of sixty-four
thousand square feet and the estimated cost was ten
thousand dollars.
No charitable enterprise ever projected in Cleveland
had afforded gross receipts of more than eight thou-
sand dollars. Great as were the hopes of success in
the present scheme, few had ventured to hint at more
than twenty thousand dollars as the possible gross
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150 AN OMINOUS SILENCE.
Insults. To appropriate half the imaginary proceeds
to the one item of a building in which to hold the fair
was a proposal that could not be accepted without
some misgivings. But the counsels of the building
committee prevailed, and time proved that they were
founded on wisdom.
As soon as their plans were adopted, an elevation
of the proposed structure was engraved and used as
heading for the circulars and stationery employed in
the business of the fair. Even so small a thing as
this was not without good results in awakening an
interest in the preparations.
Between the issue of circulars and their material
results there was a period of suspense and anxiety
that was positively appalling, — especially to the secre-
taries, who, in their dismal little office, shut out from
contact with the enthusiasm that was spreading
through the city, had been exhausting their wits on
personal letters, circulars and newspaper appeals. An
ominous silence seemed to have taken possession of
their correspondents, broken only by a significant
line such as one good clergyman wrote, " I was speak-
ing to the farmers of my church about your fair to-day,
and I find they have been thinking about it." An
occasional item would creep into the city papers,
showing that the ladies of a certain township had met
and laid out their plans. Festivals and concerts were
heard of, in adjoining towns, for the benefit of bazaar
committees. Schools and lyceums were turning their
holiday exercises into exhibitions for swelling the
receipts* The silence of correspondents was indeed
ominoua, but it boded only good. The people were
too busy in performance to have time for promises.
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TORMENTING DOUBTS. 151
Faith, born of experience, forbade the officers of
the Aid Society to fear that Northern Ohio would fail
to respond to any call of patriotism or philanthropy.
But, would these generous givers realize the vastness
of the requirements ? — did they know how much it
would take to fill the rising structure whose sixty-four
thousand square feet of extent seemed so boundless a
storehouse ?
These tormenting doubts brooded with fateful wing
over the anxious hearts of those who were vitally in-
terested in the cause, and were only put to flight when
the opening day saw the great building stocked and
even crowded, while gifts continued to come up to
the very close of the fair.
The secret of this long silence and late response
was in the fact that as the societies in county seats
acted as centers of collection, townships and minor
societies reported to them and not directly to the fair
association, and thus the offerings of each county were
brought up as a unit to the fair. This plan, though
most systematic and efficacious, was embarrassing to
the managers and especially to the bazaar committee,
making it impossible for them to judge of the space
that would be required by any one county.
When, just before the opening, the representatives
of societies and counties came in, bringing to the
bazaar their wealth of contribution, the space as-
signed to many of them was far too small. Some
could not display half their goods at the opening.
The delegations from two counties that had reported
their inability to fill any space in the bazaar, came in
at the eleventh hour loaded with fancy articles and
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152 SKOW VERSUS CARPENTERS.
were unavoidably crowded together into one booth
with very small opportunity for exhibiting their
treasures.
The gift of ten thousand feet of lumber from one
citizen, with the use of his men and teams ; of a large
quantity of nails and hardware from manufacturers ;
a generous discount on all purchases, and the volun-
teered services of master builder and many workmen,
somewhat lessened the estimated cost of the building
and certainly lightened the hearts of the committee.
Four weeks before the opening day, the materials
were on the spot and the energetic building commit-
tee might have been seen on the Public Square,
pacing off the ground and planting certain significant
little stakes at sundry corners. These inexplicable
movements were watched with open-mouthed curiosity
by a crowd of juveniles and idlers, " and still they
gazed, and still the wonder grew," when, next morn-
ing, a small army of workmen invaded the Square
and began to fashion timbers and lay beams upon
some evidently preconcerted plan.
A blinding whirl of sleet and snow had half en-
wrapped these mysterious proceedings and soon
entirely concealed them under a fleecy mantle that
lay in drifted heaps, while the furiously roaring storm
held high carnival above the abandoned work.
For nearly a week the elements conspired against
committee and carpenters, but at last the sun showed
his smiling face in a clear wintry sky.
The commandant of Camp Cleveland detailed a
company of the sixth Ohio cavalry, who worked
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PLAK OF THE BUILDING. 153
away cheerily with shovel and snow-plow, exhuming
buried lumber and searching for lost land-marks.
The sturdy blows of adze and hammer, wielded by
many skilful and willing hands, rapidly developed
the mystery.
As the great structure rose to view and progressed
to completion, doubt gave way to faith and interest
deepened to enthusiasm, in every one who beheld this
indisputable evidence that the Northern Ohio Sanitary
Fair was no longer an idea, but a fact.
The plan adopted was of a group of halls in the
form of a Greek cross, the center rising in a dome to
an elevation of sixty-five feet and enclosing the statue
of Commodore Perry.
The central hall was an octagon, seventy-five feet in
diameter, and was ornamented as a Floral Hall.
On the west was the Ladies' Bazaar, one hundred
and seventy-six feet long by ninety-three feet wide
and twenty-five feet high. On the east an Audience
Room, for evening entertainments, two hundi'ed and
eight by ninety-three feet and twenty-five feet high.
This was fitted with a large stage and anterooms and
with rising seats for two thousand persons. On the
south, at right angles with audience room and bazaar,
was the hall for Machinery, Manufactures and Pro-
duce, one hundred and eightyfour feet long by
fiffcy-one feet wide and twenty feet high. On the
north was the Dining Hall, one hundred and ninety
feet long, fifty-one feet wide and twenty feet high.
The right-angle corners where Floral Hall joined the
other buildings were divided into offices and commit-
tee rooms. Messrs. J. M. Blackburn and S. C. Brooks
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154 DECORATING THE HALLS.
were the architect and master builder, having oflfered
their services in behalf of the fair.
The Picture Gallery and Museum were opened in
the Court House, at the northwest corner of the
Square, where the valuable collection of loaned arti-
cles could be secure from fire.
The Sanitary fair building, though hastily con-
structed for temporary use and without pretension to
architectural beauty, was symmetrical in its propor-
tions and well adapted to the purposes of the fair.
It had been carefully planned for the convenience
of committees and the pleasure of visitors, and was
well ventilated, lighted and warmed, and made secure
against storms.
There was no attempt to ornament the exterior
wallsj but the ever-beautiful stars and stripes threw
out their broad folds from its dome and floated above
every roof peak, while hundreds of smaller flags
fluttered at angle and archway.
The tasteful artifices of the decorating committee
conspired to transform the unhewn rafters and rough
siding of the spacious halls into graceful flower-
wreathed arches and gaily bannered walls. This
was not effected without much cunning contrivance,
confusion of tongues, hard labor and adventurous
climbing, crowded into the few days that intervened
between the completion of the building and the open-
ing of the fair.
Flags of all sizes were borrowed from far and near
and many clever devices in tarleton, tissue paper and
tinsel ivere employed to embellish the Ladies' Bazaar.
Of the booths and stalls designed for the display
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EVERGREENS AND BANNERS. 155
and sale of fancy articles, one half were to be occupied
by saleswomen in the costume of different nations,
and the other half by delegates from Branch societies,
classed in counties, one booth being assigned to each
county. The costume booths alternated with the
county booths, down each side of the long bazaar
hall.
The young ladies who were to occupy the costume
booths decorated these with much taste. Many
representatives of counties came up a few days before
the opening and worked busily in fitting up the spaces
assigned to them. A laudable rivalry between the
proprietors of different booths, and the endeavor to
excel in elegance and appropriateness of decoration,
resulted in many exhibitions of remarkable beauty
and taste.
Farm wagons and railroad cars came in loaded with
evergreens for decoration, bearing, too, a more precious
freight of village youths and maidens who came, at
the almost despairing call of the over-burdened com-
mittee, to develop the beautiful floral designs.
Under the deft workmanship of many hands the
embowering shades and odorous freshness of Floral
Hall rivaled the sylvan beauty of some fairy-haunted
dell of the " merrie greenwood."
The Dining Hall was festooned with flags and
garlands, and hung with portraits of our victorious
generals. Scores of pretty girls in grisette apron and
jaunty coiffure were duly marshalled and drilled to
act as table waiters. Before their preparations were
fiilly made, these amateur waitresses had occasion to
practice their newly acquired art, in serving two re-
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ISfl LAST PREPARATIOKS.
turnetl regiments that were feasted in the half finished
dining hall.
lu Mechanics' Hall the useful predominated over
the lieautiftd. A few flags and wreaths were the only
decorations attempted. The great space was fast fill-
ing up with articles of more or less bulk and value.
Barrels of produce were rolling in. Anxious exhibi-
tors jostled each other in their eagerness to secure a
favorable place for their inventions.
In the Art Hall and Museum, gay with hangings
of tricolor, another phase of preparation prevailed.
Easels and standards were being constructed and
screens arranged to temper and convey the light to
the paintings that were fast covering the walls. In-
numerable articles of antiquity or curious interest,
exhumed from the obscurity of private collections,
already crowded the cases. Great boxes of war relics
weie arriving from the front, unclassified fossils cum-
Ijered the comers, masses of mineral blockaded the
passages and hopelessly embarrassed the task of
organizing this wealth of wonders.
Tableau committees and dramatic clubs were in
daily, semi-daily and nightly session; rallying their
forces for rehearsal or desperately raiding for eos-
tiiines. Two hundred old-fashioned singers, who had
been summoned from town and country, were tuning
their voices and reviving the toilettes and the manners
of other days, in anticipation of an Old Folks'
Concert in the grand Audience Room.
All the busy activity that for weeks and months
had been working out the splendid success of the
entei']>nae, seemed concentrated in these last days of
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ENTEETA.IKINO THE PELEOATES. 157
preparation. None but the lai^est faith could foresee
that order would ever come out of the Babel of
tongues and chaos of matter that distracted and over-
whelmed the devoted committee-men and women in
the last twenty-four hours of indescribable hurry and
bustle before the curtain rose upon the great fair.
The committe on reception had canvassed the
city to provide lodging places for the delegates and
representatives of Branch societies who were already
beginning to arrive. No provision more ample was
made in other cities on similar occasions. Though it
is impossible to give the number of strangers that
were entertained, it is safe to say that several thous-
and enjoyed the hospitality of the citizens during
the progress of the fair. The cordiality with which
houses were opened and guests welcomed, through
this busy time, when Cleveland ladies were already
overburdened with the cares and responsibilities of
committee-work and daily attendance in various de-
partments, must not be allowed to pass without a
tribute of grateful recognition.
The officers of the Aid Society had each spent a
day or two, in turn, visiting the Cincinnati Sanitary
fair, which opened in December. By the kindness of
the Cincinnati committees they learned much of the
practical details which they afterwards found valuable
in arranging their own fair.
The ticket system adopted was based upon the
experience of the Cincinnati managers, and it proved
convenient and satisfactory. A single ticket at twen-
ty-five cents gave one admission to either hall.
Tickets were also sold in packages of five for one
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158 THE TICKET SYSTEM.
dollar and twenty for three dollars. For the conven-
ience of persons coming in from the country, these
tickets were on sale at each way-station of all railroads
centering in the city. By the generosity of the
railroad companies, return transportation was given
to every one who purchased, with his railway ticket
to Cleveland, one dollar's worth of fair tickets.
No free admissions were granted to committees,
delegates or exhibitors. By the payment of one dol-
lar, these were furnished with an " assistant's check,"
which served as a season ticket of admission, and was
not transferable. These checks were returned to the
Executive Committee if a delegate left the city before
the fair closed, and any person who came up to relieve
the delegate by taking her place in the booth was
required to purchase her own admission check.
The dining hall had a distinct ticket system. Din-
ner cost fifty cents, supper or lunch in the restaurant
twenty-five cents, oysters and crackers thirty cents,
coflfee ten cents, tea five cents.
Single tickets for evening entertainments were fifty
cents. No variation was allowed from these prices
and no season tickets were issued for audience room
or dining hall.
All packages consigned to the fair were exempt
from freight charges over the railroads running into
Cleveland. Light and valuable packages were carried
by any of the express companies, without charge.
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CHAPTER IX.
Monday, February 22d, 1864, the anniversary of
the birthday of Washington, and henceforth to be
remembered by Clevelanders as the inaugural day of
the great Sanitary Fair, opened inauspiciously with
clouds and rain. But by nine o'clock the sun peered
through the clouds^ the sky cleared,, the morning air
was balmy and spring-like, and nature smiled in hap-
piest mood.
Above the fair building, around and in which the
workers still clustered, thickly and busily as bees,
floated the flag of the Union, and from housetops and
flagstaffs throughout the city the stars and stripes
were flung out. The streets were thronged with
citizens and strangers. The crowd was especially
great at the ticket offices for the fair, which were
located at the halls of the great building and in the
principal music and bookstores.
It had been announced that the Governor and staft',
the State Legislature and other invited guests from
abroad would arrive on the morning train from
Columbus, and due preparations were made to receive
and escort them. The various companies of the 29th
Ohio National Guard mustered in full regalia, and
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160 THE OPENING DAY.
after a brilliant parade marched into the Sanitary
fair dining hall, where a bounteous dinner had been
spread for them.
At two o'clock the lines re-formed upon Bank street
headed by Leland's band, breathing melodious and
patriotic strains. Next followed the "29th," the
mayor and city council, city officers. Major Generals
Heintzelman and Garfield, the Lieutenant Governor
and staff. State officers, and the Ohio Legislature. A
detachment of soldiers closed up the rear.
The procession swept up Superior street around the
south eide of the Square to the custom house and into
the Square, entering the audience room of the fair
^ building at its east end and appearing upon the plat-
formj whence the Legislature passed to seats in the
body of the hall. The stage was occupied by many
distinguished guests and the great hall filled with a
bnlliant assembly.
At three o'clock the audience was called to order
by Mayor Masters and the exercises were opened by
prayer from the venerable Dr. Aiken, of the First
Presbyterian Church. The band then gave "Home
again,'^ and Lieutenant Governor Anderson held the
audience enchained during a brief address of exquisite
beauty of word-painting.
The following dedication ode, prepared for the
occasion, was sung by a glee club, the audience join-
ing in chorus :
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THE INAUGURAL ODE. 161
I.
0 ! hallowed the day when oar Chieftain was born.
The Hero, the Patriot, who with form e*er commanding,
'Mid the sunshine of peace or in battle's thick storm,
The Ship of State guided and kept it from stranding.
For the Flag that waved o'er him, the stars and the blue.
Had been caught down from heaven by brave men and true.
CHOKUS.
0 1 say, does the Star Spangled Banner yet wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave 1
II.
Again by the tempest our Country was rocked.
Till it labored and reeled like a ship in mid ocean.
Our flag it was taunted, our Union was mocked,
When up sprang to vengeance, thank God ! a great nation I
Past the graves of their fathers the serried ranks sweep.
And the lanterns of battle swing out o'er the deep.
CHORUS.
That the Star Spangled Banner in triumph might wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.
III.
O ! the red fields of battle, the hospital tent,
Where our brave ones lie bleeding, or in stranger hands languish ;
Up the heights, crowned with glory, we cheered their ascent.
Who would dare to pass by them when hurled back in anguish ?
All honor to true hearts who, brave amid tears,
Follow close on our armies with blessings and prayers.
CHORUS.
That the Star Spangled Banner in triumph may wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.
IV.
O ! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand
Between their loved homes and the war's desolation.
Blessed with victory and peace, may the heaven rescued land
Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation.
Then conquer we must, for our cause it is just,
And this be our motto, " In God is our trust."
CHORUS.
And the Star Spangled Banner in triumph shall wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.
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163 CEREMONIES OF THE DAY.
Mayor Masters then introduced General James
A, Garfield, who was received with enthusiastic
cheers, and who spoke for an hour and a half in
his own earnest, eloquent and logical manner, fre-
quently interrupted by rounds of applause.
Speaker Hubbell was next presented. In a few
words, spoken on behalf of the Ohio Legislature, he
expressed an interest in the occasion and an acknowl-
edgment of the courtesies that had been extended.
The formalities of the day were now over and the
fair duly inaugurated. The audience dispersed with
ringing cheers for Garfield, the soldier-statesman, for
the army in the field, and the Samtary Fair.
THE BAZAAR.
The Ladies' Bazaar was thrown open at 7 o'clock
in the evening and was filled with an eager, admiring
throng of visitors, to whom the brilliant display
seemed like one of the bright-hued visions of oriental
enchantment.
The roof and its supporting pillars are canopied
with flags and wreathed with evergreens. Soft dra-
peries of rainbow tint float from arch and column.
Garlands twine around or alternate with the waving
tricolor. The light streams down upon rich stuffs
and costly wares and is flashed back from countless
mirrors.
From booth to booth the eye falls upon gay demoi-
selles of France, yellow-haired frauleins of Germany,
dark-eyed senoritas of Spain, bewitching houris of
Turkey, Italians graceful signorinas, bonnie lassies of
Scotland, rosy maidens of England, frank and merry
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THE ladies' bazaar. 163
daughters of Erin, Russian damsels in furs, belles of
the Celestial empire, America's blooming beauties and
wide-awake Yankee girls.
It is difficult to fix the attention upon the details
that make up this kaleidoscope view, but the scene,
so bewildering as a whole, will on closer inspection
reveal new charms. Eveiy booth in the Bazaar is a
beautiful picture set in a worthy frame and well
merits a more minute description.
The visitor, delivering his ticket at the door of the
Bazaar, is ushered in by the blue-coated police and
emerges from the vestibule into the grand hall, pass-
ing under the decorated gallery where a band is
discoursing sweet music.
First on the right stands the Book Stall, where
periodicals, stationery, bound volumes, engravings and
photographs are oflfered.
Ashland and Geauga counties unite in a booth
which occupies the corner beyond. The names of
these counties are enclosed in an evergreen wreath
over the front, and on the wall hangs a portrait of
Lincoln. Articles of needlework, useful and fanciful,
are piled upon the tables and suspended from the
ceiling. Silk patchwork quilting of elaborate fashion,
woolwork, pin cushions and cobweb knitting tempt
the purses of buyers.
The blue and yellow drapery of the Celestials is
conspicuous in the next booth. Chinese lanterns with
their grotesque imagery, silken flags and embroidered
scarfs ornament the walls, and a huge Chinese um-
brella canopies the whole. Large mirrors reflect the
gay and varying scene. A bevy of little-footed beau-
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164 THE BOOTHS.
ties in the rich and quaint costume of the flowery
land J with wondrously conceived pagoda hats edged
with tinkling bells, dispense tiny cups of fragrant tea
and offer curious, rare and valuable articles, veritable
importations from China and Japan. Vases of trans-
parent porcelain, sandalwood boxes and fans that
perfume the air, portfolios, lacquered ware, ivory
puzzlesj hammocks, delicate cups and saucers that
would delight the heart of a collector of old china,
noddiug mandarins, pungent scents and spices, chests
of tea and curious carvings, are piled up wherever
space can be found.
The ladies of Lorain county occupy the third booth
and a large stand directly in front, both of which are
crowded with a variety of beautiful and useful arti-
cles. With thoughtfulness for the little folks, these
ladies have for sale dolls' houses of every size and
style, dolls' beds, daintily furnished, and toys for
dolly's young mamma. An exquisitely embroidered
chair, a fine set of Irving's works, some rich dressing-
gownSj curious husk work, and an Oberlin scholarship
are the most noticeable among the countless treasures
displayed in this attractive booth. Here hangs the
magnificent afghan, the central glory of this part of
the bazaar, which is always surrounded by an admir-
ing crowd- *
The land of song and story, of Wallace, Scott
and Burns, is well represented by a group of High-
land lassies in the traditional tartan of their hills,
looped with the thistle and crowned with the heron's
plume. The plaid also decorates the walls, and above
is the national banner, bearing the thistle with its
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!riti5IR bECORATION^. i(>5
defiant motto, ^' Nemo me impune Idcesdtr On one
pillar are Scottish shields, and on the other hangs a
portrait of Campbell of Argyle. This booth is well
supplied with hair and cone work, papier raache
trinkets in tartan, fancy needlework and toilet articles.
A beautiful model of a steam-tug, and a miniature bit
of winter scenery representing a portion of Niagara
Falls, and made of minerals from all parts of the
world, finished with twigs and mosses from the graves
of the fallen heroes of the Ohio seventh regiment, are
worthy of special mention among the treasures of the
Scotch booth.
Summit county occupies the next booth. Lace cur-
tains looped and trimmed with evergreens form a
graceful decoration, and a basket of crystal work
depends from the arch above. The side walls are
hung with mirrors and pictures. The words " Summit
County," in gilt letters wreathed with flowers,
gleam from the rear. On the counters are heaped
fancy work of every variety, silverware, statuettes,
dolls and dolls' furniture. The stand directly in front
is also filled by this county, and here the great
attraction is a splendid stuffed eagle. From his beak
float ribbons with the name of the county inscribed
upon them. Here too is a doll's house inside which a
whole family is arranged, even to the baby in the
cradle, the dog on the mat, and the parrot in the cage.
A step and we are in sunny Italy. A beautiful
statuette of the " Flower Girl " is the central decora-
tion of this booth, with " Italy " worked in evergreen
under a golden harp. Painting and sculpture are
typified by pallette and brush and the marbles and
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16Hfi PElS^NSYLVANIA^S SHARE.
bronzes that are set in every niche. The warblings
of caged birds symbolize the musical tastes of the
classic land of song. Here alabaster clocks, statuettes,
silverware, bronze ornaments, sheet music and musical
instruments are offered to the purchaser by ladies in
the picturesque costume of the nation.
Meadtille, with her tributary towns in western
Pennsylvania, is nobly represented in the bazaar, find-
ing an entire booth scarcely spacious enough for the
beautiful and valuable contributions. Over this
booth is a framework of evergreens enclosing the
words "Meadville, Pa." Other frames bear these
inscriptions : " Home responses to our boys in the
field," '* We labor while we wait," "For our Heroes,
from the girls they left behind them," "From the
Keystone and Hearthstone to the Camp," "Belles
versus rebels." This booth is very attractive with
its draperies of lace curtains, crystal hangings, mir-
rors, pictures, profusion of skilful needlework, wax
fiowers, babies' garments, gorgeous smoking caps,
afghans and brioche cushions. An ingenious little
tbrtune-telling doll here discloses the secrets of the
future and takes in the cash of the present.
In front of the Meadville booth is a stand filled by
the industry of the Kockport ladies. Much ingenuity
is shown in some of these articles. There are in the
RocKPORT booth tasteful and curious moss baskets,
cases of stuffed birds, wax dolls, children's garments
and embroidered slippers. Here is also a log cottage
with its chimney of interlacing sticks. The woman
of the bouse sits on the doorstep and a man is
perched on the rail fence with his violin. In one
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Titfi AMERlOAlf BOOTH. 107
comer of the little yard is a tiny wood pile and the
lilliputian farmer has evidently done some chopping
on one of the logs. This little cottage, intended to
represent a scene in the " Arkansas Traveler," is the
work of the inmates of the West Pennsylvania Insane
Retreat at Dixmont near Pittsburgh, who have sent
to the fair contributions of fancy articles to the value
of one hundred and fifty dollars. The tarleton drapery
of this stand is studded with silver stars.
The booth midway down this side of the hall is of
double size and displays the American flag. Higli
above the entrance is a golden eagle resting on a
globe. From his beak stream red, white and blue
ribbons looped back with rich laces. Upon the %vall
is inscribed in evergreen letters, "America, stripes
for her foes, stars for her defenders." In the evening
a series of gas jets forms the word "Excelsior."
Below this is a niche in which stands a bust of
Washingto]s^. The walls are covered with pictiireH
illustrative of American history, portraits of her
heroes, and military trophies and insignia. Crouched
in one comer under a forest tree is a large deei\
squirrels and birds are perched on the twigs, Intliau
trappings hang from the branches.
The Genius of America is personated by the central
figure of the group of attendants, costumed in the
red, white and blue, decked with a galaxy of fltars,
and bearing the national insignia. An Indian maiden
stands near, and with her jetty hair, deerskin robe,
and barbaric trinkets of beads and tinkling bells, looka
the dark eyed Pocahontas to the very life. Just
behind is a matron in the costume of " '76," while the
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l68 LAltE COUNTY AND RUSSIA.
spii'it of the present day is symbolized by the semimili-
tary cap on the head of a lady robed in army blue,
with military buttons, chevrons and corps badge.
Indian curiosities, bouquets, trinkets in nameless
s ariety, iich silks, laces, embroidered cloaks and many
articles of elegant and tasteful workmanship are dis-
played here.
The decorations of Lake county booth, which is
next in order, are peculiarly elaborate and tasteful.
Interlacing branches form the entrance arch, above
which is a semi-circle of stars that encloses an eagle
bearing a banner inscribed with the name of the
county. From the starry semi-circle is festooned a
scroll with this motto, " Offerings of a grateful peo-
ple to their brave and suffering defenders." On the
branches that form the arch are the names of the
battles in which the soldiers of Lake county have
borne a part. An Indian club, shield, bow and
quiver, with mirrors and pictures, make up the orna-
mentation of this booth. A stand in front has also
been pre-empted by Lake county and both are filled
with beautiful needlework, designs in cones and
mosses, models, toys and embroideries.
Siberian snows, sledges and reindeer, ice palaces —
all the characteristics of the arctic empire under
autocratic sway, seem by magical ingenuity to find
representation in the Russian booth.
The incidental decorations are all appropriate. Over
the tront is a young bear, breaking his way through
snow-laden fir branches. Stag horns and deer heads
appear in the background, snow birds, minks and an
arctic owl perch aloft. The booth is tapestried and
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" ERIN GO BEAGH." 169
carpeted with soft and costly skins. Pretty maidens
in fur-edged garments of the latest Muscovite fashion
invite the visitor to select from their loaded counters
anything that will make a Siberian winter comforta-
ble or add to the pleasures of the skating season.
The Erie county booth is conspicuous for its motto,
"We work and pray for our defenders." Lace cur-
tains, flowers and hanging baskets ornament the
entrance, and beautiful shell, bead, and hair designs,
cone frames, and usefuls in needlework are heaped
upon the tables and suspended from the walls.
Ireland, the gem of the sea, has a booth well filled
mth fancy wares arranged with much taste. Lace
draperies are surmounted by a green banner on which
is the harp of Erin, with the national motto. The
curtains are trimmed with shamrocks, the dark glossy
leaves making a pretty effect against the white lace.
The booth is roofed with evergreen arches and filled
with mirrors, crucifixes and relics. A picture of
Christ blessing little children hangs here, and the
motto " Erin go bragh " is worked in shamrock leaves
upon the inner wall.
Merry lasses in rich brogue seduce money from the
pockets of visitors, while Biddy McCoy, in exagger-
ated cap-border, harangues the crowd with native
eloquence and irresistible wit.
The ladies of Columbiana county have the next
booth, which they have fitted up tastefully with
wreaths and fioral designs. The name of the county
is in gilt letters over the entrance, with the motto
"Columbiana repudiates her traitor son." The sup-
ply of articles on sale is large, varied and choice.
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170 tfi£ EESTAURANt.
The stand in front, occupied by the townships of
SoLO]s- and Chagrin Falls, is gaily festooned with tarle-
ton and well filled with clever devices of needle, wool,
and leather work, and useful articles of children's
wear. Among the noticeable things here is a military
coat into the lining of which is stitched the inscrip-
tion, " None but the brave will I enfold."
The visitor has now reached the west end of the
hall, where the Restaurant, gay with its canopy of
flags, its mirrors, pictures and curtains, and redolent
of appetizing odors, tempts one to accept the hospi-
talities of the notable housewives who are dispensing
hot oysters, fragrant coffee, sandwiches, jellies, cakes
and ices, over the long counter.
After a refection in this pleasant nook, where smiles
are served with every dish, one turns to the south-
west comer where Medina county has opened a booth
and filled it with domestic handicraft and fancy de-
signs that heap the tables and load down the branches
of an evergreen tree that stands in the background.
A fine steel engraving of Henry Clay is the central
decoration here and other pictures ornament the walls.
The French booth is thoroughly characteristic.
The fluted canopy within is of softest lace and gauze,
showing the tri-color in the purity of rainbow hues.
Delicate embroideries and rich cashmeres form the
hangings everywhere. A portrait of the first Napo-
leon overhangs the entrance. Innumerable articles
of bijouterie adorn the walls.
Sevres vases and ornaments, glove boxes, handker-
chief cases and toilette nicknacks, perfumeries and
lingerie are offered by demoiselles in toilettes of
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DAUGHTERS OF MOLLY STARK. 171
Parisian elegance, coquettish grisette costume or Nor-
mandy peasant dress.
Mahoning county booth is designated by a large
eagle, ingeniously made of dried leaves, which spreads
its broad wings over the front. Damask curtains form
a drapery below. Among goods of every variety are
beautiful afghans and rugs, leaf and cone work, and
elaborate pen-drawing. One of the ladies in charge
here appears every evening in genuine Chinese cos-
tume of the present year.
Turkish pipes, slippers, vases, pictures, cheroots,
camel's hair shawls and scarfs are displayed in the
next booth, which is hung with red and green in
costly stuffs, glittering with golden crescents. The
attendants here appear in oriental costume, splendid
with " barbaric pearls and gold."
The ladies of Stark county have done nobly in
contributions. Their booth is tastefully ornamented
and bears the inscription, " Loyal Daughters of Molly
Stark, enlisted for the war." Fancy work is here in
endless diversity, and an ample stock of ladies' and
children's wear, besides patriotic pictures and a
lithograph copy of the Emancipation proclamation.
The abundance of Stark county has overflowed into
the prettily decorated stand in front, where dainty
needlework, woolwork, afghans, skeleton bouquets,
and many other beautiful things are heaped up in
bewildering confusion. The Massillon ladies have the
immediate charge of this stand, its contents being
mostly of their preparation. They have shrewdly con-
trived to make their contributions do double duty in
the good cause, fot they displayed at home the articles
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If 3 GERMAN LIBERALITY.
prepared for the fair and cleared one hundred and
sixty dollars hy the exhibition !
The German booth is one of double size, and the
taste of the German ladies of Cleveland is displayed
iu every detail. A flag used in the revolution of '48,
ta.SReled and faced with gold and intertwined with the
stars and stripes, a bust of Schiller crowned with
bays, the statuettes of two knights clad in armor, one
re])osing on his shield and the other in the attitude of
attackj are skilfully arranged in decoration. The
Gemian motto — •
*' O, walle hin du Opferbrand
Ilintiber Land und Meer
Und schling ein edles Bruder band
Um alle Volker her,"
IB inscribed upon the inner wall.
The well-known industry and skill of the Germans
are shown in the endowment of their booth. They
have a co."=^tly tapestry rug, mats and cushions in ber-
lin-work, marvels of knitting and crotchet, glittering
tinsel and bead-work, exquisite paintings on satin and
velvet, an easy chair of million-stitched embroidery,
Bohemian glassware, laces, jewelry, quaint china,
meerschaums and pouches. There are for the little
folks Christmas trees in full bearing and a curious
mechanical picture.
The ladies attending here are all native Geimans,
from the stately " damen " of the court to the high-
capped peasantry with their wooden shoes and
knitting work. One gay little fraulein is dressed as
a dashing young German soldier, in unifoim of scarlet
and gold,
AsiTTAEULA county has the next booth, hung with
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SENORITAS AND BUCKEYE GIRLS. 173
laces and evergreens, above which is a drapery in
blue, spangled with golden stars and enwreathing a
bust of Lincoln. " Ashtabula," in gilt lettering upon
a rustic arch of hemlock twigs, flashes in the rear.
Several fine engravings adorn the walls, autographs of
Lincoln are for sale here, and useful and fancy goods
of every variety.
Newburgh township has a stand in front of Ashta-
bula. This is tastefully decked with gauze and
garlands and filled to overflow with ingenious devices
in every material and substantial for household use.
The orange and red colors of Spain prevail in the
next booth. " Querida Hispania," in letters of gold,
is the motto here. Two guitars are crossed above the
entrance, and a warbling canary in a gilded cage is
suspended beneath them.
This booth is arranged with much taste and filled
with characteristic wares, among which are parasols,
fans, veils, coiffure ornaments, tortoise-shell trinkets,
cigarettes, and Cuban curiosities.
Dark eyed senoritas and bewitching peasant girls
fitly represent this land of enchantment.
Portage county booth is draped with laces and
decorated with fiags and festooning garlands. Pic-
tures and brackets cover the walls of the interior, and
everywhere are displayed beautiful specimens of
handiwork, breakfast shawls of gossamer texture and
brilliant hues, cone and shell frames, photographs,
embroidered baskets and innumerable articles of orna-
ment or service.
The townships of Brooklyn, Royalton, Brighton
and Dover unite in the next stand. This is distin-
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174 ENGLAND AND YANKEE LAND.
guished by a pair of enonnous antlers that surmount
itj and abounds in treasures of industry and skill.
The royal arms of Great Britain designate the
English booth, which is elaborately draped and gar-
landed with flowers. A lion peeps out from his covert,
and the flag of the nation floats proudly over the
whole. Portraits of Victoria and Albert, a fox
hunting scene, a cricket match and other distinctively
national embellishments are seen within.
Two ladies attend here costumed as the aristocracy
and the third is as rosy a country lass as ever tripped
over the downs. Children's suits handsomely trim-
medy embroidered handkerchiefs, engravings, rich and
tasteful articles of all kinds make up the valuable
stock.
Some modern king Arthur has made a genuine
English pudding, ^^and stuffed it all with plums."
This is served hot, at evening, in this booth.
Trumbull county is represented in the next booth,
and the ladies have crowded every corner and piled
the tables with things of beauty and utility. " Old
Trumbull, slow but sure," is the motto, and beneath
this are hangings of tinted gauze, festooned and
trimmed with evergreens. Scarfs, sontags, children's
clothing, shawls, canvas embroidery and fancy knit-
ting are to be found here.
A constant crowd, shouts of laughter and the high-
pitched nasal twang of the genuine " down-easter "
are unmistakable guides to the Yankee booth, which
in ess^ence and spirit is Yankee land itself in carica-
ture,
An eagle, the national flag and Union Jack and an
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THE POST OFFICE, 175
arch of colored globes, form the entrance to this New
England kitchen. Here the hospitable mistress, with
scant gown, high comb, and huge feather fan, bustles
about, sets a straight-backed wooden chair for her
customer, dispenses doughnuts, cider, chewing gum,
patent liniment and a host of notions, drives a shrewd
bargain, launches a sharp joke, and gives her orders
to the pert " gals " who assist her.
Holmes county and the St. Claib Road Society
share together a booth in the southeast comer of the
hall. " Holmes " encircled with evergreens designates
this booth, which is draped in the national colors. A
little goddess of liberty, in fall regalia, stands on the
counter. Quilting and piecework, frames of moss,
cone and leather, knitted usefuls and pretty oddities
fill up the tables here.
Now, the sound of a post horn announces that " the
mail is in," and the crowd surges towards the Post
Office. Every applicant is sure of a letter by bal-
loon mail from any part of the world, without a
moment's detention. The rates of postage may be
high, but the news is always good and so fresh that
the wafer has scarcely dried above it. St. Valentine
has kindly consented to postpone his anniversary, for
this occasion only, and has thrown his entire business
into the hands of the obliging clerks whose bright
eyes peep out from the curtained apertures of the
Sanitary Fair post office. Business letters, marked
" official," " immediate," and " important," are handed
out with great despatch. That open sheet, which its
possessor has just read with so much delight, contains
good news from the agent of his Spanish estates.
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176 THE NEWSPAPER.
This one gives notice of the fortunate completion of
his castles in the air. A third bears the tidings of a
legacy left by an orange-colored uncle in the East
Indies. Here, a brave soldier is astonished by receiv-
ing orders to report immediately to the War Depart-
ment to take command of the army of the Potomac ;
and there, a citizen of doubtful political complexion
is confounded with a voluminous document of greeting
from his friends over the line and a commission as
Major General in the rebel army !
Photographs, postage stamps and autographs are on
Bale here, and a pretty juvenile book, called " Mam-
mals talks with Charlie," which is dedicated to the
fair and published expressly for it.
Having made the tour of the booths that are ranged
around the bazaar hall, one turns to look down the
center, where a large platform stand is occupied as
the office of the Sanitary Fair Gazette. Here the
matter for that spicy little sheet is set up and
printed. One corner is the "sanctum" where two
young ladies are scissoring and scribbling with edi-
torial dignity, taking instantaneous pen-and-ink views
of the panorama below, and eagerly accepting the
communications of contributors.
At their elbow a compositor is putting these hasty
notes into type, and in the other corner of this tiny
establishment a two-power press is throwing off the
semi-daily issue, which is folded and sold through the
halls by a corps of little girls, enrolled and badged
as carriers.
Telegraph wires link the Gazette office with Floral
Hall and the Museum, and lively messages are con-
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A FORMIDABLE BATTERY. 177
stantly flying over them. Communication has been
established, too, with the associated press. The latest
war despatches are to be found in the columns of this
little paper, and this gives it ready sale.
Evidently, the amateur editors of the Gazette are
prepared to defend or enforce their opinions, for an
array of gleaming artillery shows its inch-scale pro-
portions over the parapet of the little office. This
formidable battery consists of four miniature guns
from the celebrated Fort Pitt works, models of the
monster fifteen and twenty inch Dahlgren and Rod-
man guns.
Under the shadow of these guns sits an armless
soldier, soliciting from passers the money to buy arti-
ficial arms. An enthusiastic woman has established
her desk near and is obtaining names to a loyal league
association.
In the rear of the Gazette office and quite in the
center of the hall, four cashiers are enthroned under
a stany canopy. Their practised fingers are scarcely
nimble enough to answer the demands for " change "
and " cash " that come in from every quarter. Over
their desk hangs a large nugget of California gold,
suspended by a chain carved by a miner from a
solid piece of wood. Near by is a little stand dis-
playing the American and English colors and fancifully
decked with balls of colored glass. On the supporting
columns, snow-owls and wood duck are perched. An
aquarium filled with fish and two cases of stuffed
birds stand in front. Within, a glass blower is work-
ing his enchantments, creating beautiftd and endlessly
varied figures that are sold to the delighted spectators.
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178 THE BOWER OF REST.
Glass is spun fine as a hair, tied into skeins and sold.
Microscopes and lenses are to be found here.
In a hollow square formed by four tables covered
with an attractive display of sweet things and brightly
decorated, a group of young misses have opened a
candy store to the great temptation of the little folks.
A circular pavilion fitted up with sofas, easy chairs
and piano, is called the " bower of rest." Here the
tired visitor may secure half an hour's sitting, with a
sightly outlook upon the whole scene. The young
ladies in charge here are pleasant and cordial hostesses.
Pianos, melodeons, sewing machines and a sideboard
are gathered into this part of the room, and later in
the progress of the fair the bower of rest is perverted
from its hospitable uses and filled by a billiard table
too large to find room elsewhere.
Every available space upon the columns is occupied
by fancy clocks, pictures and brackets, for which no
place could be found in the booths. One column is
devoted to a collection of battlefield memorials of the
unknown dead, — photographs, trinkets and letters, —
placed here with the hope of identification by some
friend.
A little stand near the exit door, in which sits a
policeman who takes charge of lost articles, is the
only one that remains to be noticed.
Two rooms on either side of the entrance are de-
voted to the use of committees. That on the right is
the office of the Executive Committee, the registra-
tion committee and the secretaries, and is general
business headquarters.
Above the grim surroundings of this busy corner
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THE " CRAZY BEDQUILT.** 179
hangs the " crazy bedquilt," a grotesque piece of news-
paper patchwork, which is sold by lot every day, with
the express condition that the unlucky possessor is
not obliged to keep it, but will be allowed to present
it to the fair. A considerable sum of money and a
great deal of fan are realized by this transaction
which takes place eveiy noon just as the clock strikes
twelve.
The room on the left is given up to the ladies of
the fancy-work committees who receive here all arti-
cles contributed to the bazaar, and appraise and ticket
them before distributing them upon the tables of the
booths.
Two store rooms are in the rear of the committee
rooms.
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CHAPTEK X.
FLORAL HALL.
The crowning beauty of the fair and the feature
that will be longest remembered by the visitor is
the Floral Hall.
Here, well skilled art, taking its text from nature,
haa created bowers fit for the garden of a king;
grottoBB that might have been fairy homes; waterfalls,
rocky hillsides and tangled copses that vie with na-
ture itaelf.
The hall is an octagon, seventy-five feet in diameter, ,
standing in the center of the Square. The rotunda
rises sixty five feet, enclosing the statue of Commo-
dore Pekky, a central object, to which all parts of the
general design are subordinate.
High above, a fluted canopy of the American colors
breaks the effect of the evergreen-thatched walls, and
the light from the dome throws forest shadows across
winding j^aths and mossy banks.
Elding around the pedestal of the statue are designs
w^hieh merit a detailed description.
That on the south is a natural hillside of the
Alleghanies, rocky and precipitous, with rhododen-
drons, cedars, kalmias, sumach and other wild moun-
tain growth, struggling out between huge boulders.
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FLORAL HALL. 181
On the nortli side is a deep grotto of lichen covered
rocks, old tree trunks and fiingi, and carpeted with
spongy moss. Within the grotto is a marble figure,
illuminated by a concealed light from above.
The west side represents a forest nook, a wild tan-
gle of ferns, roots and weeds. From the rocky summit
a cascade shoots down over the spreading roots of a
fallen tree. A lonely bittern is perched on the old
stump. Further down, the stream widens into a
sedgy pool and on its slimy edge an alligator expands
his bristling jawa
On the east face of the mound is a master-piece of
patience, taste and skill. The design is of a scene on
the upper Rhine, and the elaborate details will bear
the closest scrutiny while the general effect is perfect.
A picturesque castle crowns the summit of precip-
itous rocks. Tower and donjon are boldly presented
above the highest pinnacle. Down the steep moun-
tain winds the road commimicating with the estates
below. A cascade leaps forth from the rocks and
turns the wheel of a mill that is grinding the wheat
for the baron and his vassals. Lower down is a cot-
tage fiill of busy life. Here is a beautiful rural scene.
Children, peasants, a cow, pet lambs, dogs and poultry
are grouped in the little farm-yardi Cattle and goats
are browsing on the hillsides, a shepherd tends his
flock on the plateau. At the base is a pond, its banks
overgrown with ferns and water plants. A fountain
in the center sends up a grateful stream. An angler
on a point of rock just below is struggling to land
his fish. On the mountain road are tiny figures of
peasantry going to and from the castle, — the farmer's
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182 ARBORS AND COTTAGES.
boy on his patient donkey, the miller's cart loaded
with sacks of grain, the laborer carrying home his
grist, peasant girls gracefully balancing their heavy
burdens.
The rotunda is supported by eight pillars covered
with laurel and hemlock to simulate forest trees.
Evergreen arches extend from pillar to pillar and fes-
toons of rare flowers hang from every arch. Kustic
vases and statuettes peep out from niches in the leaf-
covered walls, birds' nests are cunningly hidden in the
branches, rabbits and wood-mice burrow in the mossy
hummocks.
In the corners of the hall, outside the circle of
columns, are arbors and cottages of rustic work.
The first on the right, as one enters the hall from
the south, is a picturesque structure of logs and rough
bark in three compartments. One is occupied as an
office for the sale of fruit trees, plants, shrubs and
vines, on commission from the city nurseries. The
middle division is a fruit store where apples, grapes,
nuts, canned fruits, cordials and native wines are sold
by a bevy of young ladies. The third room of this
little building contains a telegraph station whence
messages are sent to the other halls or to any part of
the country, the wires being in connection with the
general Telegraph office. Here, also, is a stand for
the sale of books on farming or horticulture and
for subscriptions to agricultural magazines and news-
papers.
In the northeast corner is a beautiful sumimer-house
consisting of sections of two octagonal buildings con-
nected by an ornamental trellis. The whole is of
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'W^^^^vUm^^'
THE WIGWAM. 18y
open rustic work, wreathed with ivy and trailing
plants and covered by a latticed vine-shaded roof.
The right wing of this bower is devoted to the sale
of cone work. Elegant specimens in every variety
decorate the front and hang in profusion within. The
central part is in charge of flower girls in costume,
who oflfer blooming plants, wax flowers and exquisite
bouquets. The left wing is roofed with fragrant pine
and hemlock boughs and filled with rustic brackets,
vases, frames and carvings. The attendants here are
in the fanciful dress of Swiss peasants.
A pyramid of flowering plants separates this bower
from the structure that occupies the center of the
north side. This structure was designed for a gothic
cottage, the general outline being in that style. It
has, however, been forcibly seized by a tribe of
Indians who have converted it into a wigwam, put
their big bark canoe away for the winter on the
thatched roof, hung up their snow-shoes and bows
and arrows over the door, placed a great grey owl,
a white coon and a huge pair of antlers on the
gable peak, as trophies of the chase, hung up the
skins, taken in many a hunt, in the interior of the
wigwam, and folded a couple of birch-bark tents
away in a corner.
The " big Injun " has buried the hatchet and sits
in the doorway, in all the glory of wampum and
feathers, smoking a peacefiil pipe. The squaws and
dark eyed maidens who dwell in the tent of this
mighty redskin, resplendent in all the trinketry of
beads and quill embroidery, are silently plying their
arts or in pantomime offering for sale their moccasins,
fans, bead work and mococks.
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i
184 THE " WAYSIDE INN.
Another stand of flowers intervenes between the
wigwam and a rustic pagoda covered with thatch and
trellised.
The right wing of this building is an ice cream
stand assiduously tended day and evening by ladies
who find ready sale for the dainties they spread. The
other wing is charmingly fitted up as a tea garden,
where quaint old china is filled with tea or coflfee for
the refreshment of the weary visitor. The obliging
mistress of this little nook has tea by the chest or
pound, Chinese fans, trinkets and puzzles, to tempt
the passers.
The main portion of this building, connecting the
two wings, is a vine- wreathed verandah enclosed by a
rustic paling whose wicket gate stands hospitably
open. Over the porch swings the sign, "Wayside
Inn." The sweet notes of a music-box, choice engrav-
ings, capacious garden chairs and the smiles of fair
hostesses invite entrance here, to rest awhile, served
with refreshments from the ice cream booth or the
tea garden on either side, which connect by lattices
with this little hostelry.
In the southwest comer, near the exit door, is a
modest cottage. Its time-stained roof is covered with
moss, and creeping plants climb over the gnarled
trunks that support its overhanging porch. Here
some artificial-flower makers seem to have fixed their
humble abode, and the bouquets and wreaths they
sell almost rival nature's floral beauties.
Two wild eyed gipsies are inviting passers to cross
their swarthy hands with silver and learn the mys-
teries of fate. By the shouts of laughter that issue
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RUSTIC WOBK. 185
from their tent in the edge of the forest yonder, it
may be inferred that the star of happy fortune directs
their prophesies.
Between the entrance and exit doors is an aviary.
Sweet- voiced canaries fill the air with song, a mocking
bird pipes his shrill notes, and stuffed birds of bright
plumage are perched upon the shrubbery.
In front is an enclosure where stuffed beasts are
grouped in a copse of forest underwood, with marble
figures, beautiful flowers, grottoes and a plashing foun-
tain. This little spot is called the Garden of Eden.
On each side of the paths that run their winding
course through the hall are fancy stands, garden
chairs, flowering plants, jets, and countless designs in
rustic work.
A moss-grown stump forming a pedestal for the sup-
port of a globe of gold fish, a flower stand curiously
inlaid with pebbles and shells, a tree trunk and its
branches fashioned into a garden ornament and bear-
ing a number of hanging baskets, a cottage of pebbles
and another of moss, a fountain falling into a marble
basin, a cottage contrived from ears of com, a gothic
church built of pebbles and glass, a curious figure of
an oflScer on horseback, wholly constructed from moss
and lichens, a model farm house furnished throughout,
a forest stump glossy with mistletoe, a Christmas
tree well laden, an azalia tree with three thousand
blossoms, a temple of beauty, and a model for a
monument to the defenders of the Union, are a few
of these.
Floral Hall is heated to the temperature of summer
by steam famaces concealed beneath the floor. The
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186 mechanics' hall.
warm moist atmosphere adds to the illusion under
which one wanders through this wilderness of forest
and fountain.
All the halls of the fair open at 10 A. M. and close
at 10 P. M. Four nights in each week a dance is
announced in Floral Hall immediately after the for-
mal closing. An extra admission of one dollar a
couple is charged to the dancers. The green in front
of the Wayside Inn gives space for twenty quadrille
sets. The novelty of dancing in this fairy dell and
the fancy costumes of many of the dancers complete
the enchantment of the scene.
MECHANICS' HALL.
Mechanics' Hall is now well filled with machinery,
merchandise and produce. From such a variety of
contributions it is impossible to single out those most
worthy of record. The stove manufacturers and
dealers have almost blockaded passage by their nu-
merous patents in parlor and cook stoves, which are
ticketed with a list of wonderful achievements per-
formed with fabulous economy of fael. All are
warranted " to save half the wood," and some will
save the whole — by burning coal ! A row of patent
spring-beds, looking like an array of gigantic steel
traps, leads- through a forest of hay-forks, cradling-
scythes, step-ladders, hoes and axe handles.
One emerges from these into a labyrinth of monster
machines for field and farm house. Hay elevators,
reapers and mowers, plows, fanning mills, com plant-
ers, cultivators, clover huUers, cider presses, straw
cutters, seed drills and self-opening gates succeed to
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rra CONTBIBUTIOKS. 187
cheese vats, churns, water drawers, clothes wringers,
patent drying horses and grinding mills. Sewing
machines, chairs, lounges and other cabinet ware,
melodeons, pianos and a billiard table, properly
classed in this hall, have been removed to the Bazaar
as a more appropriate place of exhibition.
Cutters, wagons, harness, bridles, saddles, platform
scales, sheets of boiler plate, steel bars, all sorts of
stoneware, coal oil lamps, casks of glassware, grind-
stones, willow cabs, wheelbarrows, patent wheel
bhairs, patent wagon gear, patent oil barrels, a brass
oil pump, a steamboat gong of beautifal finish, a set
of blank books, marble mantle and grate, rolls of oil
cloth and bales of oakum catch the eye in a hasty
survey of the long room.
Each article is ticketed with the business card of
the donor, and exhibitors are here to press the merits
of their inventions.
In the center of the hall a little steam engine is
puffing out its hot breath in an honest endeavor to
supply motive power to nail-making, shoe-pegging and
knitting machines that are working busily away for
the amusement of bystanders and giving the product
of their labor to swell the receipts of the fair.
Near by is a model of a patent reversible oscilla-
ting engine, so tiny that a man may cover it with his
hat, yet so plucky as to try a brisk race with the
larger engine.
Two sleek setter dogs, coupled together, are tugging
at their chain, in ineflfectual leaps toward some fancy
fowls that are uncomfortably cooped up, a pig pokes
his nose through the bars of a little enclosure, a
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188 REFRESHMENT HALL.
grey wolf looks greedily from his kennel at some
sheep that are panting in their narrow pen. Two
horses stand at the rear door, ticketed to attract pur-
chasers.
Groceries in packages, cheeses, jars and kegs of
butter and eggs, firkins of apple-butter, poultry, hams,
sacks and barrels of flour, grain, apples and vegetables
are heaped up in the rear end of the hall, which is the
province of the produce committee.
Here, at the open door, a grocery and produce shop
has been established and trade is invited from the
crowd outside. Poultry and dairy stores are sent to
replenish the supplies of the dining hall, if need
arises there, and the unsold barrels of vegetables are
despatched to the Aid Rooms and from thence, with
other Sanitary stores, to the army.
Loads of wood are sold at auction every day from
the rear door, and the pledges of coal dealers, for
delivery of coal from the mines in the coming fall.
REFRESHMENT HALL.
The stentorian announcement of " dinner," enforced
by the deafening uproar of a gong, draws a crowd of
hungry sight-seers towards the Dining Hall.
When the great double doors are thrown open,
they disclose a wreathed and bannered room, long and
Bpacious. Two tables run the entire length of the
hall and shorter ones are ranged on either side at
right angles with the wall. All are bouquet-bedecked,
spread with glittering neatness, and ftimished in
abundance with the best that town and country can
supply.
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GOOD GHEEB. 189
The presiding genii, grouped near the entrance,
smile a cordial welcome and consign each guest to the
assiduous care of some one of the host of pretty girls
who, in tidy chintz, with coquettish apron, bewitch-
ing cap, and symbolic waiter and napkin, are flitting,
nimble-footed, through the hall.
Comfortably seated at one of the tables, — which is
numbered to correspond with the figures stamped
upon the badge of the attendant Hebe, — there ensues
a feast of fat things that abides with savory memory
even unto this day.
No niggardly restaurant meal is this, with infinitesi-
mal dishes placed and removed in clatter and confusion
by waiters whose tardy steps are winged only by a
fee. It is a generously appointed board, where one
may linger long, served with a grace that would con-
vert a life-long ascetic to the pleasures of the table.
The ambition of each attendant for the supply of
her table often tempts an audacious raid into the store
room, or a sly poaching upon a neighbor's domain for
the coveted chicken pie which is a popular and leading
dish in the Sanitary fair dining room. The gallant
skirmishing that follows no doubt sharpens the relish
for these stolen fruits and adds not a little to the
amusement of those who profit thereby.
Everybody dines here, for Cleveland housekeepers
would deem it treason to the good cause to spread any
rival attractions at home.
All the guests are enthusiastic over the good cheer
and every body leaves the dining hall on the best of
terms with himself and all the world, first buying his
post-prandial cigar of the Turkish beauty who sits
near the exit door.
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190 MYSTERIOUS PRECIKCTS.
Far be it from the purposes of this report to set an
intrusive foot within the kitchens beyond, where hot
and worried committee women give orders and counter
orders to a throng of cooks and scullions, enveloped in
the steam of seething, boiling and endless dishwashing ;
or into the store rooms and larder, where other digni-
taries, in their role of caterers to this great eating
house, measure out the provisions and weigh the
probabilities of to-morrow's demand.
If anxieties arose in these mysterious precincts they
were bravely wrestled with and cast out. It is enough
to say, in praise of the generosity of donors and the
eflS^ciency of managers, that during the sixteen days'
continuance of the fair one thousand persons were
entertained here daily, without sensible depletion of
the plethora of good things.
Dinner was served from 12 o'clock till 2^ P.M.,
tea from 6 o'clock till 7i and supper at the close of
the evening entertainments, and all at a charge that
ran in dangerous competition with modem hotel prices.
FINE ART HALL.
Leaving the varied attractions of the fair building
and passing to the Court House at the northwest
corner of the park, a new pleasure awaits the visitor.
Judge, jury and counsel have resigned their seats at
the demand of philanthropy. The great Court room
has been converted into a gallery where the art
treasures collected by the wealth and taste of citizens,
or brought from the artist's studio, are exhibited for
the benefit of the fair. The number of paintings is
small, — about one hundred and fifty, — but the selec-
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FINE ART HALL. 1^1
tion has been careful and some of the best modem
artists are represented here.
The copies fi'om old masters are a fine Aurora, the
Transfiguration, the Nativity, the Madonna contem-
plating the crown of thorns, Judith and Holofemes,
and a head of St. Paul. Among the best of the
originals are a portrait of Mary Queen of Scots by
Holbein, a Magdalen by Guercino, a fine head of King
Lear, Autumn on the White Mountains by Wm. Hart,
a New England scene by James Hart, two of Beard^s
studies of animals, a poultry yard by Lemmens, Mig-
not's sunset on the White Mountains, a head by Kauf
man, a drinking scene by Teniers, a bit of sandy beach
by Brown, a storm on the moor and landscape and
cattle by Van Stalkenberg, a scene on the Kanawha
and the hunter's lunch by Sontag, a landscape by
Paul Weber, Swiss mountain scenery by Miiller,
De Berg's Giant of the Alps, a Dutch interior by
Manzoni, Washington and Lafayette at Mount Vernon
by Eossiter and Mignot, several landscape and cattle
pieces by Weir, some bold scenery in Oregon and New
Mexico by Wyant, a number of landscapes by Clough,
several winter views of merit, still life studies, the
Courtship of Miles Standish, two figure pieces by Lily
Spencer, two striking water colors by Hamilton, and
a gem of finished painting called the "Nameless Kill.'^
A cast of Canova's Ecce Homo, a number of fine
bronzes, busts of statesmen, medallion heads and
figures skilfully arranged on black velvet, a collection
of Rogers' statuette groups, and some choice engravings
add to the attractions of the room. Many pictures in
water colors, oil and pencil, contributed by amateur or
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192 THE MUSEUM.
professed artists, were sold by auction at the close of
the fair and tlie proceeds placed to the credit of the
the Art Gallery.
MUSEUM.
Four rooms adjoining Fine Art Hall are filled with
curiosities, relics and trophies, composing the Museum.
Here, to prevent a confused passing and repassing in
the narrow ways between cabinets of heaped-up
wonders, a labyrinthine walk has been contrived,
forming a continuous circuit from entrance to exit.
The guiding hand-rail is twined with tri-color and
all the decorations of the rooms are appropriate and
eifective. Ladies and gentlemen of the committee are
here to point out or explain the curiosities and to
superintend the sale of such as have been given to
the fair.
The first room contains minerals, ores and the
wonders of geology, zoology and ornithology. Insects
from foreign lands, rare, curious, repulsive or beautiful,
are impaled here in great numbers. This collection is
thought to be unusually good.
Relics of the pre-historic inhabitants of the State are
seen,— stone axes, mauls, skids, and pieces of wood
marked with axes wielded fifteen centuries ago.
The collection of weapons and missiles is large, —
fi'om the cruel implements of savage destruction to
the latest inventions of modem warfare. Guns from
Austria, Russia, Germany, Spain and England are
among these, and there are many relics and trophies
of the Revolution, the war of 1812, the Mexican war
and the great rebellion. There is a fine collection of
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ITS TREASURES. 193
specimens of all the arms ever used in the wars of
America down to the present time.
Almost every battle-field of this war is represented
by guns that did loyal service or were dishonored by
rebel hands, while the flags they defended and the
flags they captured hang theii* scarred and tattered
folds above them. There are all varieties of shells and
balls, canister, solid and spherical case-shot. Here is
a pistol that Putnam pulled at the red coats in the
gallant days of '76, pistols taken at Bunker Hill, at
the Bedan, at Lookout and Shiloh.
Side by side with trophies of later wars are memen-
toes of our earliest national history, — swords of the
revolution, and more graceful heirlooms in the shape
of colonial documents and worm eaten title deeds,
bearing the signatures of great and noble names.
Countless autographs of men brave, wise and good,
in every degree of illegibility, one thousand rare
coins of every date and nation, Chinese curiosities
and pictures, collections from the Holy Land, speci-
mens of ancient Jewish caligraphy. Sandwich Island
calabash, mats, and catamaran boats, old English
manuscript, exquisitely beautiful Roman mosiac-work,
bright colored blankets from New Mexico, broken
stocks and fetters from a Charleston slave pen, a
palmetto tree from Hilton Head, relics from the May-
flower, the original ordinance of secession of Louisiana,
a walrus-skin coat fi'om Siberia, a wedding dress one
hundred years old. South Sea Island war clubs, rail-
road torpedoes from rebeldom, a mummy shawl, Arab
and Nubian costume, carvings from chamois horn,
ancient Venetian vases, and Theban idols, — in this
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194 MEMORIALS.
thesaurus of things rare, curious and antique, these
are only a few of the most striking. Two fine stereo-
scopes, well supplied with choice views, have been
fitted up here for the entertainment of visitors.
The fourth room of the Museum is filled with arti-
cles that have been given to the fair ancjl are to be
sold for its benefit. Among these are photographs and
autographs of leading generals, and a large, variety of
shell ornaments, skilfully cut, brooches, necklaces,
rings and pins, elaborately carved pipes, curipus frames
and many trinkets, the work of the soldier's leisure
hours in camp, willingly offered to the Sanitary fair.
Kuder in execution are the memorials of prison life, —
carvings of wood and bone, done to charm away hun-
ger and heartache.
Sadder relics still are the trinkets gathered from
the unknown dead of many a battle-field. The most
of these were collected by a detail of soldiers, who,
about a month before the fair opened, visited the fields
of Chickamauga, Lookout, Ringgold and Mission
Ridge to cover the yet unburied bodies of the Union
dead. From all upon whom any scrap of paper, en-
velope, picture, trinket or name could be found, these
were taken, constituting a collection of about one
hundred articles. These memorials have been sent to
the fair for possible identification. Lists of these are
published daily in the Gazette. A number of them
have been delivered to friends, their only souvenir of
the lost.
Towards the close of the fair, daily auctions were
held of the museum property not disposed of by pri-
vate sale.
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CHAPTER XL
EVENING ENTERTAINMENTS.
Apart from the attractions of the fair proper were
evening entertainments of interesting and varied char-
acter, given in the Audience Room and at the Academy
of Music.
These opened with tableaux vivants and music, so
enthusiastically received and so well meriting favor
that again and again, on succeeding evenings, a repeti-
tion was demanded. No entertainments ever offered
in Cleveland were more deservedly popular and none
contributed so largely, with so insignificant outlay, to
the pecuniary success of the fair. The obliging readi-
ness of tableaux committees and musical artistes and
amateurs to prepare at short notice these charming
exhibitions on several occasions when other announced
amusements accidentally failed, merits grateful record
here.
Such representations as " Franklin at the court of
France," the "Artist's Studio," the "Picture Gallery,"
the " Vision of Queen Catharine," the six scene pan-
tomime of the " Mistletoe Bough," and some of the
patriotic tableaux shown on these occasions will
remain in memory a joy forever.
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196 CONTINENTAL TEA-PARTY.
A unique aad admirable entertainment was pro-
jected liy latUea and gentlemen of Painesville and
furnished and carried out exclusively by themselves.
This was a Continental tea-party in the costume
and style of 1776. The following is the card of invi-
tation that was issued:
George Washington and lady,
Mary the mother of Washington,
General Putnam and lady.
General Stark and lady,
Qeni?!ral Greene and lady.
General Warren and lady.
General Knox and lady.
General Marion and lady,
Marcitiis de Lafayette,
jQmi'B Madison and lady,
Thomas Jefferson and lady,
John Hancock and lady,
John Jay and lady,
Robert Morris and lady,
Alexander Hamilton and lady,
Touiig ladies, belles of 1776,
Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Franklin,
Qatiker family, descendants of Wm. Penn,
Indiiins,
Van Horn and Shipping families.
Will Ijtj pleafled to see their friends to tea from 9 to 10 P. M., in the
Audiencfi Hoom of tlie Sanitary Fair building. Gentlemen ushers and
colored Bi!rvants in attendance.
Friday, February 26tli.
The only drawback to the enjoyment of this even-
iDg was a lack of space in the great Audience Koom.
So vast was the crowd of guests that not one half
could partake of the bountiful refreshments or shake
hands with or even see the hosts and hostesses who so •
admirably repiesented, in dress and demeanor, the fair
women and brave men of the revolution.
The tea tables of the Continentals were arranged
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MANNERS OF TJtE OLD SCHOOI* 1^7
in the center of the hall and set with the taste and
precision of the olden time. The delicate china and
massive silverware upon them were treasured heir-
looms that had come down as precious family relics
from generation to generation. The pewter platters
oh the hospitable board of the Yankee Shipping
family bore the date 1721 on their broad rim.
The most interesting of the relics were upon the
table of General and Mrs. Washington. In the center
stood an enormous punch bowl, rich and quaint, from
which Washington once drank, and beside it were
two tall candlesticks used by Lafayette on the occa-
sion of a visit in Hartford. A chair placed at this
table was one in which Washington, Lafayette, Tal-
leyrand and Count Rochambeau had sat, and over
which Dr. Bellamy had often prayed.
Beautiful tableaux were presented at intervals, as
tea was being served and gossiped over. After the
tea drinking was done the Continentals passed across
the stage and were formally presented to their guests.
They also made the tour of the hall so far as the
crowd would permit, and omitted nothing that would
gratify their guests and make the entertainment ge-
nial and hospitable.
Their rich costumes, dignified carriage and careful
personation of look and manner pictured with the
vividness of reality the true ladies and gentlemen of
the old school, the distinguished men and women of '76.
Nothing was caricatured. The Quakers, the Indians,
the Van Horn and Shipping families and even the
ushers and colored servants were truthful representa-
tives of the persons, tastes, dresses, customs and
humors of the early days of the Republia
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1 f>S OLD folks' concert.
On Monday of the second week, the Amateur
Draiiiatie club gave their first perforaiance, — the
" Honeyinoon," — with great success, following this
^v itli a I'epetition of the " Mistletoe Bough," which
had been already twice received with unusual favor.
This was given in the Academy of Music where the
actors could have the benefit of stage scenery.
ITie next evening an Old Folks' Concert was given
in the Audience Room. The spacious stage was occu-
pied Ijy two hundred singers, representing the best
vocal talent of Ohio, and dressed in the quaint style
of the olden time. The music was the good old fash-
ioned melody that delighted our grandfathers and
grandmothers in their younger days, and was well
rendered by this great choir with orchestral accom-
paniment. Every piece on the long programme was
loudly applauded and several were called for again
and again. The grandest of the whole was " Corona-
tion," in which the audience took part. The concert
closed with the " Doxology in long metre," in which
the assembly rose and joined.
This concert gave delight to both young and old, —
to the young as they looked upon ancestral dresses
and listened to ancestral symphonies, — especially to
the old as they looked back, by the light of this new
reminder, to the days of long ago. A general desire
was expressed that the " old folks " repeat their con-
cert.
A grand exhibition of the Sons of Malta, with
public initiation ceremonies, was the announcement
for the next evening. Curiosity had been roused to
the highest point by various dark hints and mysterious
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SONS OF MALTA. 199
preparations, and the Audience Koom was filled at an
early hour by an assembly impatient for the fun that
they naturally expected would attend a disclosure of
the rites of that Ancient and Honorable Order.
The stage was draped with peculiarly fantastic
devices and the members appeared in solemn state
and fiill regalia. Space would fail to tell of all the im-
posing ceremonials, wonderful disappearances, funereal
dirges, awful revelations and astounding experiences
of novitiates.
The performance evidently afforded great amuse-
ment to the worthy members of the venerable order
themselves, but the spectators dispersed with a pro-
found impression of the mystery of the proceedings
and a lurking suspicion of humbug that remaineth in
their minds even unto this day.
Succeeding this was a second amateur dramatic
performance at the Academy of Music, when the
standard comedy of "Married Life" was produced.
The house was most complimentary in applause and
in demanding a repetition of this play.
On the same evening, in the Audience Room of the
fair building, an excellent concert of vocal and instru-
mental music was given by the Cleveland Gesangverein
and the city bands.
Miss Anna Dickinson having been announced to
deliver her famous lecture, " Words for the Hour,"
the next evening the attendance at the fair was greater
than at any previous time. Owing to the sudden
illness of the speaker this lecture was postponed till
the following Monday, when it was received with
gratification.
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A concert by the Welsh Choir of Newburgh, which
had been arranged for Saturday evening, Was pre-
vented by a severe storm. The members of the choir
gathered in the Bazaar hall and sang several choruses
and glees in good style.
On Monday, the fourteenth day of the fair, the
Dramatic club again performed " Married Life," which
had so delighted everybody on the former presenta-
tion. The comedietta of the "Rough Diamond"
concluded this evening's entertainment. The Drama-
tic club on every occasion gave great pleasure to
crowded houses and in their performances showed
remarkable talent which, at no small sacrifice of per-
sonal feeling, was first made public for the benefit
of the fair.
The closing entertainment in Audience Room was a
second "Old Folks' Concert" with entire change of
programme. This was, if possible, more successful
than the first one. The grand old church music, the
soul-stirring patriotic odes, the laughter-provoking
songs, catches and glees were all given in the best
manner. The quaint dresses and good voices of the
" old folks " will long be remembered.
The Academy of Music had been engaged by the
Fair Association for the two weeks of the duration of
the fair. A stereopticon was placed there, open every
day and evening when the hall was not occupied by
the dramatic club. This did not receive the patron-
age that it merited, so many were the attractions at
the fair building. It, however, paid expenses and
served the purpose intended, that of monopolizing the
hall and preventing any rival exhibition froih coming
to the city to draw against the fair.
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More beautiful weather than that which day after
day favored this enterprise could not have been found
in searching the calendar of the year.
The bright glory of the sun, the cloudless splendor
of the sky, the wintry garb of glittering sheen that
all nature wore, seemed symbolic of happy progress
and successful result. Clouds gathered and snow and
rain fell repeatedly in the night time, but from dawn
till dusk through the whole course of the fair, only
excepting one day, sun, air and sky lent their genial
influence, so that some said, with reverence, that the
weather was God's donation to the fair.
The attendance was satisfactory on the first days,
steadily increasing as the merits of the exhibition
were reported by visitors to their friends at home,
or made known through the city press, from which
the foregoing description of the fair has been culled.
The halls were pleasantly filled with a gay, delighted
assembly, rarely were they uncomfortably crowded.
Bazaai* and Floral hall were continually a scene of
the most joyous character. The booths daily grew
richer and more attractive by additions to their con-
tents, and the ladies who presided over them were
well satisfied with the rapidity of their sales.
Many of the purchased articles were allowed to
remain in the booths till the closing day, and the
fading evergreens and other decorations were fre-
quently renewed, so that the freshness of arrangement
and ornamentation was scarcely impaired.
No time had been decided on for the continuance of
the fair, but two weeks were named as its probable
duration. When that time expired, the brilliantly
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202 THE DRAFT-WHEEL.
beautiful weather and undiminished attendance de-
cided the managers to continue it till Thursday of the
third week, March 10th. The railroad companies
generously extended half fare tickets to that date.
The last days were enlivened by an animated "closing
out sale " of the various booths. " Grab bags," gift
enterprises and many amusing devices were resorted
to for the disposition of articles too valuable to find
ready purchasers.
The great question, to raffle or not to raffle, had
early agitated the counsels of the Executive Commit-
tee and the final vote had been cast in the negative.
Some enthusiastic spirits, ambitious for the results
of the fair and not having the fear of the law before
their eyes, were ingenious in avoiding the letter of
this restriction. The Provost Marshal's draft-wheel
was surreptitiously conveyed from booth to booth,
where various persons were drafted to assume life
membership of certain property on sale there. These
decisions were accepted without a murmur, — no sub-
stitutes were offered, no commutation fees paid. The
victims of fortune's wheel met their fate with unflinch-
ing heroism !
Most of the booths closed out their stock by auc-
tions or "clearing out drafts," in which the entire
contents of a booth were put into one subscription
list. These schemes occasioned much merriment, and
the amount of money taken on the last day was at
least as large as on any previous day.
The great fair virtually closed on the sixteenth day,
and the beautiful vision faded like magic.
The Bazaar, stripped of its gay ornamentation, be-
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CLOSING SCENES. 203
came a bleak and dreary storehouse into which the
remaining property was gathered and arranged under
direction of Messrs. H. M. Chapin, Wm. Edwabds and
John M. Sterling, Jr., who were appointed a com-
mittee to dispose of it in the most advantageous
way. These gentlemen were unwilling to sacrifice the
really valuable stock at auction and resolved to offer
the articles at private sale. For several days they
patiently attended behind the counter of this novel
variety-store and made satisfactory disposition of a
large part of their wares. When it became necessary
to remove the building, the heavier articles of ma-
chinery were stored in ware houses of merchants who
undertook to aid their sale.
The lighter goods were removed to a little office
over the Aid Rooms, where they were arranged as
attractively as possible, though having, at best, very
much the look of a second-hand notion stock. Mrs.
L. M. Hubby took immediate charge of this room and
was indefatigable in effort to dispose of the articles.
For weeks a dull traffic was persistently kept up and
the goods were gradually worked off at fair prices.
This conscientious administering upon the effects of
the fair was of no small value in swelling the receipts.
Many articles uncalled for by their owners, — the
debris of booths, halls and tableaux, — long cumbered
the Aid Rooms and were perpetual souvenirs of the
departed glories of those busy, prosperous weeks.
Everything of this kind that was at all serviceable
or appropriate to the Soldiers' Home was used there
and eventually distributed among soldiers' families of
the city. The curtains, gauzes and other parapher-
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204 SAtK of TttE BlTlLDlM.
nalia of the tableaux committees were kept for future
exhibitions and loaned from time to time to Branch
societies on occasion of their giving similar entertain-
ments.
The disposition of the fair building was a matter
of some little discussion. There arose a feeble sug-
gestion of allowing it to stand till the end of the war,
as a suitable place for receiving returned regiments
and of conducting the approaching presidential cam-
paign, but this met with no favor. The risk of fire
and of damage to the statue was too great and the
managers were unwilling to leave so unsightly a
reminder as the huge building, stripped of its decora-
tions, had now become.
It had been the original plan to balance the outlay
for its construction by a sale of the four hundred
thousand feet of lumber, which had already risen in
price. This plan was now carried out and the build-
ing was advertised for sale at auction on a specified
day.
Three gentlemen of Pittsburgh, representing the
managers of a sanitary fair just projected in that city,
had visited the Cleveland fair and learning the pro-
posed disposition of the building had returned home
and reported in favor of purchasing and erecting it in
Pittsburgh.
When the day of sale came there were a number of
bids, by lumber dealers and builders, but the building
was sold to the Pittsburgh committee for eighty-five
hundred dollars, to be removed within a fortnight, —
the Cleveland and Pittsburgh railroad company giving
facilities of transportation. The committee also bought
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SUCC:PSS OF THE FAIE. 205
the gas pipe and fixtures, queeasw^rre, cutlery, felt
roofing and some miscellaneous property, increasing
the amount of purchase to nearly ten thousQ.nd dollars.
The officers of the Cleveland fair were much pleased
by this sale and cordially offered their aid to the Pitts-
burgh enterprise. This was kindly accepted and a
delegation of Pittsburgh ladies came up shortly after
to learn practical details and to profit by the experi-
ence of the Cleveland committees.
The work of demolishing the building progressed
rapidly. The roofing was stripped off and rolled up
for transportation, the siding and beams carefully
marked and shipped as fast as taken down.
In a few days the great structure that had been for
weeks the center of attraction had vanished from
sight.
Though overshadowed by the magnitude and splen-
dor of the sanitary fairs that were afterwards held in
the centers of population and wealth of the eastern
states, yet when considered as. the fruit of the patriot-
ism of a relatively small population, inhabiting a mere
fraction of the loyal North, the Cleveland fair cannot
but be regarded as one of the most strikingly success-
ful of the entire number. And it has been said that
the joyous harmony of its animating spirit and the
taste which controlled its adornment gave it claims
to a higher consideration than that to which it was
entitled by its pecuniary results.
"While it is impossible to mention all even of those
who rendered prominent service in this enterprise, it
is but simple justice to say that the triumphant issue
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206 CASH RECEIPTS.
of the Northern Ohio Sanitary Fair was in great de-
gree due to Mr. H. M. CHAPr^, who for a number of
weeka left his own large business in the hands of
employes and gave day and night to the interests of
the fair, infusing into every department his character-
istic energy and enthusiasm, which, with his widely
known business ability and influence, were potent
Boui^ces of success.
Below is the official report of the treasurer :
T. p. HANDY, TREASURER, IN ACCOUNT WITH N. O. SANITARY FAIR.
1864. Dr.
Marcli. To amount received from 44 Booths in Bazaar, $ 19,082 96
" Pine Art Hall and Museum, 1,880 63
" Mechanics' Hall, cash, 4,355 29
*' Dramatic Entertainments, 1,040 15
** Stereopticon, 533 75
" Floral Hall Booths, 3,209 07
" Sale of admission tickets, 33,831 00
" Other sources in Bazaar, 2,099 30
" Donations in money to April 1st, 1864, 15,439 62
" " since received, 246 95
" Estimated am't in potatoes and other vegetables 2,400 00
1865. " Sales of property since April 1st, 1864, 4,027 99
" Fair buildings, furniture, etc., 9,941 65
** Balance of interest on funds invested, 2,103 70
$100,191 06
1864. Cr.
March 31st. By bills and expenses paid to this date, 21,543 92
" since *' 714 83
" Potatoes and vegetables delivered at Aid Rooms.
estimated value, 2,400 00
1865. " Cash paid Miss Ellen F. Terry, Treasurer Sol-
diers' Aid Society, Cleveland, at various dates, 42,798 62
March lOih. Am't invested in U. S. 7-30 bonds on hand, 30,000 00
" cash paid Soldiers' Aid Society, bal. on hand, 2,733 69
$100.191 06
[E,E.] T. P. Handy, Treas.
Cleveland, March 10th, 1865.
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A "twice blessed charity. 207
Inspired by the Cleveland fair the editor of the
Sanitary Keporter wrote as follows :
The fair at Cleveland, having continued more than a fortnight, has
closed. The Cleveland newspapers and the reports of individual visitors
unite in testifying to its complete success. The receipts of the treasury
have been unexpectedly large — upwards of one hundred thousand dollars
— and the gratification which contributors and visitors have received has
been remarkably rich and varied. Every one has been astonished at the
energy, good taste and delicate tact which have dextrously marshalled so
many hidden resources and made them willing aids in the service of a
grand patriotic charity.
The managers as they look back on the past few weeks must feel that,
under the inspiration of a holy cause, they "builded better than they
knew," and each contributor, however small his gift, must rejoice at having
a share in the result.
How many and how great were the obstacles to success, no one can know
but those to whom success was most precious, and who, while feeling their
weight and obstinacy, determined to achieve it. All friends of the soldier
cannot but be delighted that the strong current of a generous and trustful
devotion swept the obstacles away and left oracular croakers to the solitary
enjoyment of their own monotonous echoes.
We cannot but think that the good results of such fairs as have been held
in Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland and other cities are not to rest with the
contributions to the soldier's comfort, alone, — are not to be estimated in so
many dollars for socks, sourkrout, onions and potatoes. To promote the
comfort of our soldiers, to be able to buy these essentials for the army is
an incalculable good. But this charity is "twice blessed." A rich and
subtile blessing must lie in the wide sympathies called out, the new relations
of acquaintance, friendship and intimacy formed, and in the surprising
revelation of talent and worth in remote and unexplored localities. Neigh-
bors and neighborhoods must come to respect each other more, to depend
upon each other more, and to wonder that they have missed finding each
other out so long. Prejudice must be softened, artificial barriers must give
way to a freer intercourse, and tenderness of feeling and judgment must
take the place of sour suspicion. After so complete a flooding of all the
field of life with the resistless tide of a sweet and noble enthusiasm, we
cannot but look for a new bloom and unexampled harvests.
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OHAP^ER XII
Through the busy winter months preceding the
f^rir, Aid l^oom, dirties h^^d been continued daily and
with all: possilole regularity.
In anticipation of an increase in the treasury, forty-
ftv^ feui^^red doU^s pf the California fund had been
driiwn in January, leaving a balance of only five
h\m4r^4 4oUws. Tliis money wasi used to purchase
material which waa giv^n out to branch societies to
sustain their nx^etings during preparations for the fair.
Xlfce sivperinten^iftg a*id providing for the Soldiers'
Home were addedf to the usual routine of disbursing,
shipping an<J the duties of special relief and of the
woyk departm^ftt. Biesid^s. the general direction of
stores to the Louisville headquarters, there had been
in Febwwy ^ Qojjiddemble shipwi.eut to the Kansas
agency, including suppliea sent specially for the desti-
tute and sufltering inhabitants of Lawrence, Kansas,
after tih^ tes^i^bl^ Iw^ia^ attack and massacre.
The Aid Roon^s were closed to general business
only during the two weeks when the fair was actually
in progress and even then almost daily shipments
were made of vegetables and other supplies that
had been sent down from Produce HalL During
those two weeks, the headquarters of the Society
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AFTEK THE FAIR. 209
were removed to the fair building, where all interest
centered.
Many representatives of Branch societies, coming in
to visit the fair, at this time first became personally
known to the officers of the Society to whose care
they had long consigned their boxes, and paid their
first visit to the Aid Rooms, where they were made
acquainted with the practical details of this supply
center.
It had been predicted that the unprecedented ex-
citement and energy called forth by sanitary fairs
would be followed by a reaction, damaging, if not
fatal, to the cause. Many of the strongest friends of
the Sanitary Commission doubted the wisdom of for-
saking the smooth waters of a steady-flowing charity,
to be swept along in this impetuous torrent of benev-
olent enthusiasm.
Had the interests involved been less, or the residts
of the fairs less bountiftd, these predictions and
doubts might have been confirmed. Certain it is
that most of the branch societies of Northern Ohio,
after contributing so largely to the success of the
Cleveland fair, indicated some degree of exhaustion.
This, however, had no perceptible effect upon the
work, because in the interval of their recovery the
pecuniary results of the fair more than balanced this
temporary check, while the wide spread and securely
rooted interest in the cause forbade any permanent
lapse from duty.
The reaction after this fair was not so apparent in
the decrease of receipts from the country societies as
in the falling off of committees and volunteer assist-
ants at the Aid Rooms,
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210 THE REACTION.
From this time till the end of its history, the
officers of the Cleveland Branch were left nearly alone
to carry on the business of office and store, with the
help of those whom they employed to assist them.
The monthly business meetings were almost deserted
and only the faithfiil few came at intervals to share
the labor and responsibilities that gathered weight
with many succeeding months.
The ladies of the city, after a winter spent in all-
absorbing preparations for the great fair, felt their
weariness when the excitement was over and success
ensured. When they were fresh again, long inter-
rupted home duties claimed their first thoughts and
the broken chain of Aid Room work was not easily
united.
There was no lack of good will in the community
nor of kindly expressed interest, but the Society was
by the results of the fair deprived of its place in the
daily thoughts and sympathies of even its warmest
friends. The general feeling of the citizens seemed
to be that they had schemed and labored with won-
derful success to give the Aid Society ample means
and could now leave it, in confidence, as the represent-
ative of their charities, to pursue its philanthropic
purposes, — themselves absolved, by their winter's
work, from further personal responsibility.
It was with real regret that the officers felt this
change. Save for the ever-present thought of their
increased means of usefulness to the soldiers, they
doubtless would have echoed the experience of many
a millionaire and declared that the days of buffeting
with fortune were their happiest days.
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SPECIAL CALLS. 211
But the accumulation of work that pressed imme-
diately upon the diminished force at the Aid Rooms
left little time for such regrets or for rejoicing over
the brilliant results of the fair.
The large quantity of vegetables and fruit con-
signed to the produce conynittee and the forwarding
of supplies purchased by the general Commission,
made the shipments of March and April unusually
heavy. Besides the usual business, there were at this
time some special shipments that are mentioned to illus-
trate the nature of the calls to which the Society was
constantly subject. A request for aid in famishing
bedding for the Louisville Soldiers' Home met with
willing response. Supplies were sent to Nashville for
the relief of a company of teamsters who, through some
irregularity in their communications with the quarter-
master's department, had been stranded there, destitute
and suffering. Several boxes of calicoes, shirting and
sewing materials were prepared for the contraband
women employed in hospital service at Knoxville,
Tenn. Agents of the Sanitary Commission had re-
ported the needy condition of these women, and as the
wives of the surgeons offered to teach them to make
their own garments, these materials were sent down
to them. The Ohio National Guards — one hundred
days men — on leaving the city were supplied with
trifling comforts and followed to their camps in and
around Washington with boxes of supplemental stores
for their sick.
The general results of the fair had been known at
the time of its closing but the actual cash receipts
were slow to be reported.
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••j.-j«:j?*r;,^%>™^
212 THE FAIR FUND.
The Executive Committee, unwilling to embarrass
the officers of the Aid Society by turning over the
aflfairs in an unsettled state, had resolved that the
treasurer of the fair should retain his office until
the returns from the various committees had been
sent in and all debts cancelled. By this resolution
the final report of the treasurer was necessarily de-
layed and the public waited impatiently for it. April
6th, a preliminary statement was published embracing
some estimates of unsold property and giving notice
that fifty thousand dolla/s of the receipts had been
invested in United States interest bearing securities,
to be used by the ladies of the Aid Society, from
time to time, as their wants might require.
On the 9th of April, the Society made the first
draft upon the receipts of the fair, — three thousand
dollars. The greater part of this sum was at once
used for purchasing onions and potatoes, as the cam-
paign against scurvy had re-opened this spring with
much activity. April 18th, two thousand dollars
were invested in further purchase of vegetables, with
some outlay for cotton and woolen goods. May 13th,
forty-nine hundred dollars were drawn and divided
between the purchase of material and vegetables and
the expenses of the Home and the supply department.
Xn June, the last five hundred dollars of the Cali-
fornia fund was disbursed, and from this time the
Society was wholly dependent upon the proceeds of
the fair. Membership fees were no longer solicited
and were not generally paid up. Individual contri-
butions decreased or were made specifically for the
Soldiers' Home and strictly used as designated.
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The purchase of boxes and barrels and the hand-
ling, cooperage and cartage on the vegetable shipments
of this summer made a heavy increase in the current
expenses, which, from the careful manner of preparing
stores, had always been large.
In the early days of the Society, second-hand pack-
ing cases, given by merchants, had been used for
repacking stores to go to the army. As the supply
business became larger and the line of transportation
longer, new and stout boxes were necessary. For
some months these were given by Mr. Wm. Eattle,
from his lumber factory. When this draft became
too heavy, they were afforded at mere cost of lumber
and nails.
From this time, all boxes in which the more valu-
able goods were packed were of new lumber, of a
designated size and shape and heavy enough to bear
any amount of rough handling in transit. Fruit was
packed in sawdust, in heavy boxes made expressly for
this purpose and just large enough to hold one dozen
cans. Bottles of wine or cordial were also sent in
sawdust, in cases of one dozen each. Blackberry and
other medicinal wines were purchased by the keg or
barrel and bottled and sealed at the Aid Kooms.
Vegetables and fresh fruits were often contributed or
purchased in bulk and for such supplies barrels and
sacks were to be bought.
The purchase of cotton and woolen goods made a .
large part of the disbursements from the fair fund
this summer. Besides the army demand for this ma-
terial in the form of hospital garments, there was
a real necessity for furnishing it to country societies
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214 isstrma matiirial.
to keep up their organizations through the period of
reaction after the fair.
There was, moreover, justice no less than policy in
giving liberally of material to societies at this time.
The eflfbrts and influence of these five hundred
Branches had been the great element of success in the
fair, and in devoting these so unreservedly many of
the societies had exhausted or weakened their imme-
diate resources. It was only due that their work
should in some way feel the benefits that their indus-
try had secured to the cause.
To divide any part of the cash proceeds of the fair
among so many societies, with just apportionment,
was evidently impracticable and might do an injury
by checking their usual contributions. It was decided
that the best way to help the Branches through the
fair was to invest largely in material which should be
issued liberally to them.
It has been sufficiently explained that material had
been furnished to the branch societies with the sole
object of affording a resource during some momentary
ebb in their treasuries and withheld so soon as the
crisis was passed.
No Branch forfeited independence by accepting such
aid or ventured to relax effort and lean too heavily
upon the central Society. The spirit of independence
was still to be fostered as carefully as ever ; therefore
no open notice was given of the intention to famish
material in increased quantity, now that the Society
had means to do so. The same way of detecting the
need and supplying it, the same watch over the fal-
tering steps of a feeble tributary that had heretofore
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SELLING Al? COST* 215
prevailed were continued, but the issues of material
were more and more liberal from this time till the end
of the war diminished the supply service.
All the material given out was cut at the Aid
Eooms, famished with tape, buttons, and spool cotton,
and sent in packages, ticketed and registered. When
the work was finished and received back, printed
acknowledgment was made and so many articles of
"returned work" duly credited. Packages sent into
the country were forwarded by express at expense of
the consignee or delivered to the bearer of a written
order.
Besides issuing material to be made up for the cen-
tral Kooms, there was another way of aiding the
Branches in which vigorous and feeble societies might
share equally, at discretion.
The exorbitant prices that cotton and woolen fabrics
had now reached were greatly disproportioned to the
slender means of many little societies and even the
largest among the Branches found it nearly impossible
to gather in money enough to buy work for the busy
fingers of their members. The Cleveland Society had
always done a commission business for its tributaries,
receiving their money by mail or messenger and ex-
pending it as designated, in purchase of material, or
selling to them, at cost, any goods on hand at the Aid
Rooms. This business was now enlarged. Supplies
of material, beyond the wants of the work committee,
were purchased at New York wholesale prices, to be
sold again, at cost, to Branch societies in such quan-
tity as their means enabled them to buy.
From this time to the end of the supply service, a
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216 l^B SALESROOMi
large stock of material was kept on hand at the Aid
Rooms, and whatever might have been the rise in the
market, these goods were always sold at cost Sheet-
ing, shirting, chintz, ticking, canton flannel, army
flannel, batting, woolen yam, buttons, tapes and spool
cotton formed the stock of this commission house.
There were also patterns, cut in stiff paper, which were
given out when desired.
Delegates from country societies, coming into the
Aid Rooms for advice about spending their sums of
teOj twenty or forty dollars, were offered the oppor-
tunity of purchasing here and were then advised to
look elsewhere through the city and compare jprices.
ITiey invariably found an advantage in buying froni
the Aid Room stock. Five or six cents on a yard
was the usual difference, no inconsiderable gain to a
little society. Price lists were kept at the Aid Rooms
or sent by mail to societies with each new lot of
goods.
The cash report of the treasurer shows that during
the months of July and August succeeding the fair,
nineteen thousand nine hundred and twenty dollars
were expended in the purchase of material. A large
room above the Aid Rooms was rented for the stor-
age of material and fitted with shelves and ooiinters tq
accommodate this sales department and the cutting
committee. Here, bargains were made by delegates
from the Branches, and it is perhaps needless to say
that terms were satisfactory, liberal measures given
and many little chance advantages thrown in favor of
the purchaser.
In anticipation of the iiTegular attendance of cut-
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THE woitK depabtmekt:. 217
ting committees during the preparations for the fair,
Mrs. Emma L. Miller had been engaged to assist in
the work department through the winter. When the
fair closed and the falling off of committees threw the
accumulated and ever increasing burden upon a few,
this engagement was made permanent. Till the close
of the supply work in October, 1865, Mrs. Millee
conducted the cutting department, which was her
specialty, with great ability and engaged with re-
markable energy in the many duties of the Aid
Rooms.
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CHAPTER Xm.
The disposition, leadership and movements of the
Union forces, from the opening of active military
operations in the spring of 1864, were such as to
inspire in every loyal heart a glowing faith that took
the place of the patient hope with which the delays,
disappointments and quasi victories of previous cam-
paigns had been so bravely borne.
March 3d, the grade of Lieutenant General, revived
by act of Congress, was conferred upon Major Gen-
eral Grant, " in token of the nation's appreciation of
what he had done and its reliance upon him for what
remained to do." March 12th, army and people re-
ceived, with universal joy, general orders from the
War Department announcing that President Lincoln
had assigned the Lieutenant General to the command
of the armies of the United States. Headquarters
were established in the field, with the army of the
Potomac.
It was now nine months since the army of the
Potomac had fought a general battle and seven months
since the battle of Chattanooga had fixed the western
army in firm possession of that strategic point. The
plan of the opening campaign was for an advance on
Richmond by the army of the Potomac, under the
Sl8
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ARMY MOVEMENTS. 219
direct command of General Meade, simultaneously
with a m9vement towards Atlanta, Ga, by the west-
em troops. The western troops — comprising the
armies of the Cumberland, the Tennessee and the
Ohio — were now massed under the general name of
the Military Division of the Mississippi, and turned
over by General Geant to the almost absolute leader-
ship of Major General Shermak.
The month of April was spent in thoroughly reor-
ganizing all the forces and, by the western troops, in
strengthening the line of communication between
Nashville and Chattanooga, the primary and secondary
supply bases, and in accumulating at Chattanooga
immense supplies of commissary and military stores.
It was felt that a critical period in the history of
the war was at hand, and that upon the military
achievements of this campaign the quick termination
or almost endless protraction of the struggle would
depend. The governors of Ohio, Indiana, Dlinois,
Iowa and Wisconsin gave voice to the patriotism of
their people by offering to the Government large
volunteer forces of " one-hundred-days men " to relieve
veteran soldiers from post and garrison duty and
allow them to return to the active service of the field.
The general movement, east and west, was to begin
about the 5th of May. The troops of General Sher-
man's department were massed around Kinggold, Ga.,
twenty-three miles southeast of Chattanooga. The
opposing army lay in and near Dalton, fifteen miles
below, their advance being at Tunnel Hill, a station
on the railroad between Kinggold and Dalton. The
triumphant progress of General Sherman's army, —
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2^6 A UmtoUAitt RticoRD.
the engagements at Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Dallas
and Kenesaw Mountain, — the battles of July 20th,
22nd and 28th,— the fighting at Jonesboro, — the
marches, sieges, raids and brilliant manoeuvring by
which the Union lines closed surely around the
doomed city of Atlanta and which ended in the cap-
ture, September 1st, of that "Gate City" of the
enemy's position, — have their record in history among
the memorable events of the great rebellion.
Though military movements at the West were
watched with great interest and the country was ring-
ing with the exploits of Sherman's invincible men, it
was from the operations of the army of the Potomac
that the vital success of the campaign was expected.
General Grant's plan for this army was not merely
the taking of Richmond, the objective point of all
previous demonstrations in this quarter, but it in-
cluded the breaking up of the entire railroad system
of the enemy and the destruction of the rebel army.
The grand army of the Potomac, roused from long
inactivity, under the inspiring leadership of the hero
who had never lost a battle, entered upon a series of
engagements in which its valor and endurance were
severely tested and most nobly proved.
In those momentous times, — when the fate of the
nation seemed to hang upon the achievements of a few
short summer weeks, when the lives of thousands were ^
the dear price of victory, and when to the agony of
suspense or bereavement was added a keen sense of
the interests involved in the result of each encounter
with a desperate foe, — the people found their only
relief from frenzied excitement in the despatches that
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OFFICIAL BULLETINS. 221
were issued over Secretary Stanton's name from the
War Department.
The very first of these, announcing that " it is de-
signed to give accurate official statements of what is
known to this Department in this great crisis and to
withhold nothing from the public " was like an anchor
sure and steadfast to the mind tossed by the distract-
ing contradictions of exaggerated rumor and news-
paper canard. The promise was faithfully kept.
Daily, semi-daily and sometimes hourly official bulle-
tins, giving brief expositions of the military situation,
were heralded through the length and breadth of the
North, by the associated press. Whether their pur-
port were triumph or disaster, there was inexpressible
comfort in these despatches, for the truth lay in their
clear, concise wording. Joy over a victory was un-
alloyed by dread that the good news might be
unfounded. Defeat could not be long concealed by
any sophistry of language, and it were better to
know the worst at once and to bear it as a brave
people best could.
But from this summer the army of the Potomac
had done with timid advance, dispiriting retreat and
drawn battles. The generalship of Geant, Sherman,
Shebidan and Thomas ensured to the bulletins from
the War Department the ring of victory. East and
West, — fearfully precious victory ! bought with rivers
of blood and made forever sacred by the suflferings of
thousands of our bravest and our best.
Fredericksburg, Va., was occupied by the Union
forces, and extensive hospitals were opened there for
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222 CLEVELAND ARMY COMMITTEE.
the army of the Potomac. Sanitary and Christian
Commission agents, with nurses and supplies, pursued
their work of mercy among the wounded, establishing
a base of operation at Acquia Creek. All who were
able to endure removal were carried by Sanitary or
Government transports to northern hospitals.
Out of this urgent occasion for personal service in
the hospitals of the Potomac grew the Cleveland
Army Committee, an association of gentlemen organ-
ized May 4th, 1864, to co-operate with the United
States Christian Commission " in promoting the physi-
cal and especially the moral and religious welfare of
their brethren in arms."
The first business of this body was to raise a fund
that would enable the churches of Cleveland to send
a delegation to the battlefields where Christian care
and consolation were so much needed. At the first
meeting it was resolved to despatch eight delegates to
the fi'ont. Liberal subscriptions were made by citi-
zens to defray the expenses of these agents, among
whom were several of the city clergy.
The delegates, after spending some weeks among the
wounded of the army of the Potomac, returned and
gave, in a series of public meetings, an abstract of
their rich experience on the battlefield and in hospi-
tal. Most of them suffered in health from their severe
and trying duties. One of their number — the Rev.
S. W. Adams, D. D., the beloved and revered pastor
of the First Baptist Church — died soon after, from
disease contracted during this period of faithful ser-
vice in the Christian Commission.
As the Sanitary Commission was engaged in pro-
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ITS PLANS AND PURPOSES. 223
viding physical comforts for disabled soldiers, it was
proposed to make arrangements by which delegates
from the Cleveland Army Committee could aid in
distributing Sanitary stores, and it was resolved that
if this could be effected the newly organized Army
Committee should make no attempt to collect or for-
ward such stores. This proposition was agreed to by
the Cleveland Branch Sanitary Commission and cor-
dially approved at headquarters in Louisville, where
representatives of the Army Committee were always
received with courtesy, accredited as agents in dis-
tributing Sanitary stores, or aided in the transporta-
tion of any goods which they had brought down to
the army.
By the conditions of its union with the U. S. Sani-
tary Commission, the stores of the Cleveland Branch
were disbursed mostly to the armies of the southwest,
where Sanitary agents had the favor of officers high
in command and were now honorably excepted from
General Sherman's stringent order excluding civilians
from the front. The difficulty of maintaining com-
munication between the army and its supply base,
over a long and slender line of Hi-constructed rail-
road,— guerilla-haunted and overcrowded with the
passage of reinforcements, provisions and ammunition,
— and the vital importance of secrecy in army move-
ments, made this order a military necessity. Two
agents of the Sanitary Commission were allowed to
accompany the army in its advance and men were de-
tailed from regiments to assist them in the care and
disbursement of their hospital supplies. No other
exceptions were made to this order save in rare cases
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224 WOBK OF THE DELEGATES,
when persons could obtain the endorsement of the
medioal authorities as competent assistants in the
care of the wounded on the field.
One of the delegates appointed by the Cleveland
Army Committee, the Rev. Samuel Woloott, J). D.,
who traveled with joint credentials from Christian and
Sanitary Commissions, in September of this year made
an extended tour in Georgia, penetrating to the city
of Atlanta soon after its occupation by the Union
army and taking part in the care of the wounded in
field hospital and at relief-stations along the line. The
observations of this journey, which were highly
favorable to the Sanitary Commission, formed the
subject of an interesting lecture and were afterwards
published and widely circulated.
With this exception, delegates of the Cleveland
Army Committee, finding access to the army of the
Potomac less difficult, confined their ministrations
there and were consequently out of range of the
goods of the Cleveland Aid Society. For this rea-
son, or in obedience to orders from headquarters of
the Christian Commission in Philadelphia, the Cleve-
land Army Committee subsequently made some effort
to gather hospital stores. A few branch societies
withdrew for a time to this new organization or
divided their gifts between the Sanitary and Christian
Commissions.
At the close of the war the Cleveland Army Com-
mittee was continued in behalf of the freedmen and
refugees of Cairo, Leavenworth and elsewhere. The
transportation facilities of the Aid Society were
offered and frequently accepted in forwarding these
supplies.
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SYMPATHY. 225
The immediate services and sympathies of the
western Branches of the Sanitary Commission were
engaged for Sherman's army, yet intense interest pre-
vailed among them for the issue of the engagements
at the East and there was constant occasion for show-
ing this in the care of the wounded who were traveling
westward to their homes.
The records of the Cleveland Soldiers' Home at
this date bear page after page of names of the suflfer-
ers in the terrible battles of the Wilderness who
found shelter and refreshment there. The Aid Eooms
were daily visited by groups of fiirloughed men, —
one sorely wounded in the head, another with his
poor right arm splintered and bandaged to hide the
shattered bones, a third with his useless limb bound
up and a pair of crutches aiding his painful motion, —
every one bearing some honorable marks of the battle-
field. Kind words and comforts welcomed these
visitors, a poor recognition of their services.
The personal sympathies of the Aid Room corps
were never more severely tried than in the attempt to
console the afflicted ones who thronged the Rooms on
the announcement of a battle, — fathers, mothers,
wives, sisters, coming with white, tear-stricken faces
to point out in the long list of wounded a name that
was all the world to them, and to beg for the help
that the heart ached to give. How hard it was to be
forced to discourage their first impulse to go and
nurse the sufferer ! They never could press their way
through, but how could one tell them so ! and it was
so cold to write — only — and the suspense of waiting
so hard to bear !
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226 LETTERS AND INQUIRIES.
Sometimes when it seemed possible that they could
make their way to a wounded friend, a little box was
packed at the Aid Kooms for the journey, with
oysters, beef-tea, a change of garments, soft bandages
and a bottle of wine. Passes were solicited from the
railroad authorities, letters written to the Sanitary
agencies in cities at every stage of their route, detail-
ing their errand and bespeaking kindness and aid, and
a general letter of credentials famished, to be pre-
sented to railroad officials farther on.
There was also the tedious, almost hopeless, but
persistent search by letter for missing men, the writ-
ing here and there, clinging to a faint thread of
inquiry, slowly pursuing the wanderer's steps and too
often finding the traces vanish into a lonely grave.
Then followed the gathering up of the details of the
last moments, the sending for the eflfects and trinkets
— dear mementoes — and their delivery to friends.
The Aid Kooms were known to be general head-
quarters for information on all points concerning sick
or disabled soldiers. Lists of the casualties of each
battle were kept on file in the office, and many matters
of personal interest to soldiers or their friends, not
strictly within the limits of sanitary work, were con-
stantly referred there.
It was not unusual to see one of the ladies of the
Aid Rooms, pen in hand, taking down from the lips
of some unlettered wife or mother the homely phrases
of love and greeting to her far-off soldier. Memory
brings up the picture of one poor old mother, broken
by a life of toil, her face seamed with care and grief,
who always came to the Aid Rooms with the open
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THE HOSPITAL DIRECTORY. 227
letter of her son, whicli she could not read, begging
that some of the " dear ladies " would read it to her
and write him word that she had " got it safe."
Inquiry by letter for soldiers had been made, in-
formally, from the beginning of the war, but was
later conducted mostly through the Hospital Directory
established in the autumn of 1862, by the Sanitary
Commission.
The Hospital Directory was a bureau of records
giving the name, company, regiment and condition of
the soldiers in general hospitals. The books, which
contained the names of more than six hundred thou-
sand men, were revised and corrected daily by returns
from all parts of the field. More specific information
would be procured for the benefit of friends within
as short a time as possible after receiving an inquiry
3^ one of the general offices, which were located at
Washington, New York, Philadelphia and Louisville.
Tl^^ Louisville registry was opened in January,
1863, and it was naturally to that office that most
of the inquiries were directed by the Cleveland
Society. These inquiries invariably received courte-
ous attention. The business of the Hospital Directory
was* admirably systematized and the clerical duties
performed with fidelity. Beyond and above this was
the spirit of true sympathy that animated its manage-
ment, shown in the word of cheer or the tenderly-
framed condolence often sent with the good or
sorrowful tidings that were drawn from its fateful
pages
For details of this and other departments of the
special relief system, the reader is referred to the
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■™ff7SFT?J
228 OKE INQUIRY, ONE ANSWER.
seriea of histories and final statements that have been
issued by the Sanitary Commission from its Histori-
cal Bureau.
A few facts briefly sketched in the following extract
from a report of Mr. H. S. Holbrook, the superin-
tendent of the Louisville office, will better illustrate
the working of the Hospital Directory than any gen-
eral statement or table of statistics that can be given
in this volume :
EXTRACT. — "ONB INQUmT AND ONB AN8WBR."
An old man enters the office. He has traveled from Northern Ohio to
meet his son in this city ; he has been told to inquire at the Sanitary Com-
mission rooms for direction to the hospital which contains him. While the
clerk turns to the books, he chats of his son and home, of the different
articles in his carpet-ba^f, put in by mothers and sisters at home, — each had
sent some little comfort. He is all animation and hope, as if at the very
door which is to admit him to the realization of all his happy anticipations.
The record says — " died " — that very morning ! The register says, one
inquiry, one answer. It does not speak of the careful preparatory sugg^^
tions that sympathy tenderly makes toward the announcement of the
saddening fact. It does not show that strong old man convulsed and weep-
ing like a child. You see not his departure from the office stunned with
griet You feel not the stified thanks of his farewell grasp — full payment
for aU your sympathy and care. He goes slowly and sadly away. One of
the clerks accompanies, him, who procures a burial case for the remains of
his " poor boy," and assists him in all his preparations for his mournful
journey home on the same day. The register says — one inquiry, one
answer.
A mother from Northern Indiana has received a despatch that her son is
sick in Nashville ; she is on her way to see him ; she applies for a pass, but
passes for ladies are seldom granted, and not without a permit from head-
quarters. Her credentials are all right, but she is told that it is more than
doubtful if she is permitted to go. She comes to the Directory ; her son's
name is on the books; ''telegraphing is expensive, and the result doubt-
ful." " *Tis too bad," she exclaims, " I have seven sons, and all of them in
the army, I do not wish them away, but I do want, if they get sick, the
privilege of going to nurse them." "My dear madam, you shall go ; that
fact will get you a pass," and so it did. The register says, one inquiry, one
answer.
A sprightly young wife is sent from the telegraph office to have a
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A.N EXTRACT. 229
dei^tch written for a permit to vi«it her husband in Nashville. She is
qxiite impatient at the useless delay in consul tin|^ the records for his name.
** She Jcru>w» he is in Nashville, and all she wants is a despatch written, and
will be obliged for as much haste as possible." ** Are j-ou sure he is in
Nashville?" "Certainly." "You would have no objections to meeting
him here ?" " You are playing with me, sir ; will you give me the
despatch T " I don't think you will need one. This * abstract ' will please
you better. There are directions where to find your husband, a few blocks
off." With one look to be sure she was not being " played " with, she was
off from the office down street at what he would have called the " double
quick," and found him not in Noi^mUe, Had she not come to the Directory,
possibly she might have obtained a pass to Nashville, and gone ; or failing
in that would have gone home without seeing him.
A short time ago this case came under our notice. A soldier in hospital
at Nashville writes to his wife that he is very sick, and requests her to
come to him. The letter was dated the 5th of September. Two days
afterward he is transferred to Louisville, but his letter informing her of the
change never reached her« She leaves home and stops over night in Louis-
ville, and goes to Nashville on the 15th. There she learns that he is in
Louisville. Delayed for lack of funds, she returns to this city on the 22d,
and finds that he died on the night of the 16th, the next night after they
lodged in the same city, so near to each other, yet never to meet. Had she
known of the Hospital Directory, and consulted it, this lifelong grief
would have been prevented.
A father desires to visit a sick son. His statements accord with our
record. The despatch written for him explains the case ;
" To Brigadier General J. A. Qakfield, Chief of Staff, Murfreesboro,
Tenn. : Had four sons in army ; two are dead ; two belong to the 89th
Ohio, [Co.—. William C is sick at Gallatin, hospital 4. Please
grant pass. A. C .
J. S. Newberry, Voucher."
The pass was granted.
A father from Pennsylvania presents a letter from the surgeon of a hos-
pital in Nashville, saying that his son will be discharged and sent to
this city in charge of the Sanitary Commission, and requests the father to
meet him here. He asks, " Where is he ?" We have no note of his arrival.
" He must sUU be in hospital at Nashville. But stay ; here is a report just
in." The name is there, and " died August 9th, 1863," the very day the father
received the letter, and set out to meet him. His son had sent him word
not to bring more money than necessary to pay his fare to Louisville, as he
was paid off and had enough. What was to be done ? We loaned him
his passage home ; made out the necessary papers to get the effects of his
son: wrote to Nashville to Sanitary Commission agents to forward them,
and he left for home that evening.
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230 HOSPITAL CARS.
We might multiply similar cases indefinitely, each one possessing some
peculiarity to vary the service needed to meet the wants of the applicant.
But these must suffice.
The results in figures fail to give any idea of the labor, patience and feel-
ing involved in the necessary attention to the particulars of each case,
burdened with peculiar and painful interest, and urgently appealing for
sympathy, information and aid. One might as well attempt to conjure up
the drama of their real life, from the scattered bones of a strange burial
place, as from these figures to reproduce the painful realities they simply
tally. Each name is the name of a man dear to a circle of kindred and
friends. Each inquiry bears the interest, anxiety, and earnestness of some
relative. Between the parties stands the Directory with its registers and
helpful agents.
In connection with the Hospital Directory was an
arrangement effected by the Sanitary Commission with
Government for removing and forwarding home, on
request of friends, the bodies of soldiers who had died
in hospital or were buried on the btattlefield. This
was done by the Sanitary Commission without charge,
the actual outlay for disinterring, embalming and
transporting being refunded by the friends who had
ordered the removal.
The Cleveland Aid Society had not unfrequently
to act as agent in this, — taking the orders for disin-
terment, receiving and remitting undertaker's and
Express charges and delivering the remains, on arrival,
to the relatives.
Another phase of special relief work at the front,
which has been briefly mentioned in these pages, was
the transportation service of the Hospital Tbaiks
established by the Sanitary Commission in the sum-
mer of 1863.
Though the charge of the hospital trains was soon
assumed by Government, the Commission never lost
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"on a hospital train.*^ 231
interest in them nor ceased to be known as an agent
in their supervision. Supplies were furnished to each
train from the Sanitary depot nearest at hand. Hot
coffee, light food and stimulants were given to the
feeble travelers at various feeding-stations opened
along the line of transit.
For a description of the hospital train one cannot
do better than read the following letter written by
one of the young ladies of the Cleveland Aid Society
during an extended tour among the hospitals and
relief agencies of Louisville, Nashville and Chatta-
nooga in May, 1863 :
EXTRACT. — ON A H08PITAI. TBAIN.
* * * * Tlianks to the U. S. Sanitary Commission and to those gen-
tlemen belonging to it whose genius and benevolence originated, planned,
and carried it out, a Hospital Train is now running on almost all the roads
*bver which it is necessary to transport sick or wounded men. These trains
are now under the control of Government, but the Sanitary Commission
continues to furnish a great part of the stores that are used in them.
My first experience of them was a sad one. A week before, the army had
moved forward and concentrated near Tunnel Hill. The dull, monotonous
rumble of army wagons as they rolled in long trains through the dusty
street ; the measured tramp of thousands of bronzed and war-worn vete-
rans ; the rattle and roar of the guns and caissons as they thundered on their
mission of death ; the glittering sheen reflected from a thousand silbres,
had all passed by and left us in the desolated town. We lived, as it were,
with bated breath and eager ears, our nerves tensely strung with anxiety
and suspense, waiting to catch the first sound of that coming strife where
we knew so many of our bravest and best must fall. At last came the
news of that terrible fight at Buzzard's Roost or Rocky Face Ridge, and the
evening after, in came Dr. S straight from the front, and said, "the
Hospital train is at the depot, wouldn't you like to see it ? " " Of course we
would," chorused Mrs. Dr. S and myself, and forthwith we rushed for
our hats and cloaks, filled two large baskets with soft crackers and oranges,
and started off. A walk of a mile brought us to the depot, and down in
the further comer of the depot yard we saw a train of seven or eight cars
standing, apparently unoccupied. " There it is,*' said Dr. S . "Why,
it looks like any ordinary train," I innocently iremarked, but I was soon to
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232 A DESCRIPTION.
find out the difference. We chanced to see Dr. M , the sargeon in
charge, on the first car into which we went, and he made us welcome to do
and to give whatever we had for the men, and so, armed with authority,
we went forward with confidence.
Imagine a car a little wider than the ordinary one, placed on springs, and
having on each side three tiers of berths or cots, suspended by rubber
bands. These cots are so arranged as to yield to the motion of the car,
thereby avoiding that jolting that is experienced even on the smoothest
and best road. I didn't stop to investigate the plan of the car then, for I
saw before me, on either hand, a long line of soldiers shot in almost every
conceivable manner, their wounds fresh from the battlefield, and all were
patient and quiet ; not a groan or complaint escaped them, though I saw
some faces twisted into strange contortions with the agony of their wounds.
I commenced distributing my oranges right and left, but soon realized the
smallness of my basket and the largeness of the demand, and sadly passed
by all but the worst cases. In the third car that we entered we found the
Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel, and Adjutant of the 29th Ohio, all severely
wounded. We stopped and talked awhile. Mindful of the motto of my
Commission, to give " aid and comfort," I trickled a little sympathy on
them. "Poor fellows! "said I. "No,indeed," said they. " We <iM? suffer rid-
ing twenty miles "— it couldn't have been more than fourteen or fifteen, but a
shattered limb or a ball in one's side lengthens the miles astonishingly —
" in those horrid ambulances to the cars." " We cried last night like child-
ren, some of us," said a Lieutenant, " but we're all right now. This Hos-
pital Train is a jolly thing. It goes like a cradle." Seeing my sympathy
wasted I tried another tack. " Did you know that Sherman is in Dalton ? "
*' No ! " cried the Colonel, and all the men who could, raised themselves up
and stared at me with eager, questioning eyes. " Is that so ? " " Yes," I
replied, " it is true." " Then, I don't care for this little wound," said one
fellow, slapping his right leg, which was pierced and torn by a minie ball.
Brave men ! How I longed to pour out the wealth and luxury of our whole
North at their feet !
A little further on in the car, I chanced to look down, and there at my
feet lay a young man, not more than eighteen or nineteen years old ; hair
tossed back from his white brow ; long lashes lying on his cheek ; his face as
delicate and refined as a girl's. I spoke to him and he opened his eyes, but
could not speak to me. I held an orange before him, and he looked a Yes ;
so I cut a hole in it and squeezed some of the juice into his mouth. It
seemed to revive him a little, and after sitting a short time by his side, I
left him. Soon after, they carried him out on a stretcher — poor fellow!
He was dying when I saw him, and I could but think of his mother and sis-
ters who would have given worlds to stand beside him as I did. By this time
it was growing dark, my oranges had given out, and we were sadly in the
way ; so we left, to be haunted for many a day by the terrible pictures we
had seen on our first visit to a Hospital Train.
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CONTINUED. 233
My next experience was much pleaaanter. I had the privilege of a ride
on one from Chattanooga to Nashyille, and an opportunity of seeing the
arrangements. There were three hundred and fourteen sick and wounded
on board, occupying nine or ten cars, with the surgeon's car in the middle
of the train. This car is divided into three compartments ; at one end is
the store-room where are kept the eatables and bedding ; at the other, the
kitchen ; and between the two is the surgeon's room, containing his bed,
secretary, and shelves and pigeon holes for instruments, medicines, etc. A
narrow hall connects the store-room and kitchen, and great windows or
openings in the opposite sides of the car give a pleasant draft of air. Sit-
ting in a comfortable arm-chair, one would not wish a pleasanter mode of
traveling, especially through the glorious mountains of East Tennessee, and
further on, over the fragrant, fertile meadows and the rolling hills and
plains of Northern Alabama and middle Tennessee, clothed in their firesh
green garments of new cotton and com. This is all charming for a pas-
senger, but a Hospital Train is a busy place for thp surgeons and nurses.
The men come on at evening, selected from the different hospitals,
according to their ability to be moved, and after having had their tea, the
wounds must be freshly dressed. This takes till midnight, perhaps longer,
and the surgeon must be on the watch continually, for on him falls the
responsibility, not only of the welfare of the men, but of the safety of the
train. There is a conductor and brakemen, and for them, too, there is no
rest. Each finds enough to do as nurse or assistant. In the morning,
after a breakfast of coffee or tea, dried beef, dried peaches, soft bread,
cheese, etc., the wounds have to be dressed a second time, and again in the
afternoon. In the intervals, the surgeon finds time to examine individual
cases, and prescribe especially for them, and perhaps to take a little rest.
As I walked through the car, I heard men say, " We haven't lived so well
since we joined the army." " We are better treated than we ever were
before." " This is the nicest place we were ever in," etc.
After breakfast next morning, when the wounds were all dressed, I had
the pleasure of carrying into one car a pitcher of delicious blackberry wine
that came from the Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio, and, with the
advice of the assistant surgeon, giving it to the men. The car into which
I went had only one tier of berths, supported like the others on rubber
bands. Several times during the day I had an opportunity of giving some
little assistance in taking care of wounded men, and it was very pleasant.
My journey lasted a night and a day, and I think I can never again
pass another twenty-four hours so fraught with sweet and sad memo-
ries as are connected with my second and last experience on a hospital
train. C.
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CHAPTER XIV.
It is not necessary to follow the daily routine of
Aid Room duties through the year 1864, as it differed
only in degree from that which has been already
detailed.
Beyond the constant round of receiving and ship-
ping, corresponding and recording, and the superin-
tendence of the work department and the Soldiers'
Home, each day brought its special demands upon
the time and sympathies and almost hourly occasion
to consult the Hospital Directory or to listen to the
thousand and one inquiries sent from the home to the
hospital or from the soldier to his home, through that
mutual friend and faithful medium, the Sanitary
Commission. All the machinery that had been de-
vised to promote the efficiency of the Society and its
Branches was still employed and such new measures
were adopted as the resources of the treasury now
justified.
THE PRINTING OFFICE.
It was the constant endeavor of the managers of
the Society to transmit to the Branches the stimulus
which they themselves received from their own more
direct and daily communication with the army. It
has been shown that personal letters were addressed
SS4
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monthly, or even more frequently, to the secretary of
each society, articles prepared weekly for publication
in the city papers, and documents, reports and ac-
knowledgments widely circulated.
As a means of further interesting the tributaries,
and of directing and encouraging their work, and as a
matter of economy and convenience, a small hand
printing-press was purchased in August of this year,
and a corner of the cutting-room in the second story
partitioned off and converted into a miniature printing
office, conveniently fitted up and well supplied with
type and other fixtures.
Here the young ladies of the Aid Room corps
addressed themselves with much persistence to learn-
ing the art of type-setting and press-work. With a
few directions from a practical printer and after some
laughable experience at the outset, these amateur
typos became quite dextrous with composing-stick
and roller and were soon able to produce work that
would have been no discredit to any printing-house.
From this little office the Cleveland Aid Society
issued frequent bulletins that were circulated among
the Branches and elsewhere. These bulletins con-
tained a list of hospital stores, with directions for
preparation, packing and shipment, the latest tele-
grams from agents at the front, noting the nature and
urgency of any special need, or letters received at the
Aid Rooms from persons who had been aided by the
Sanitary Commission or had witnessed its benefits to
others. Monthly business statements, reports of the
Soldiers' Home, and all matters of general or special
interest were submitted to correspondents in the same
way.
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236 " AID SOCIETY PRINT."
The cards, bill-forms, price-lists of material, letter-
heads and all blanks used from this time in the
business of the Society also bore the impress, " Aid
Society Print," and all were put in type, locked up,
rolled and pressed off by the group of girls who added
to their already engrossing duties at the Aid Rooms
the interesting but often laborious work of practical
typography.
It is only justice to mention that Miss Sara Mahan
was foreman of this little printing office, and that
Mrs. Miller, Miss Younglove and Miss Ruth Kel-
logg were her persevering and competent assistants.
Besides the establishment of the printing office,
which really marked an era in Aid Room life, no
changes of moment occurred this summer in the
routine of duties that were always the same yet
always fresh and always interesting to those who
saw in them a reflex of the great work that was
going surely forward, under southern suns, to a tri-
umphant end.
A fragment from a letter written at the Cleveland
Aid Rooms, in August, 1864, will serve as a picture
of the busy life of this period :
Mrs. R is assorting and packing, Mrs. M— snipping away at
a great bale of blue and white stripe, N and S^— -posting books, C
wrapping innumerable documents, while Tim and the redoubtable Babney,
after shouting, hammering and pushing all the morning, have just de-
spatched a shipment, two full car-loads. Two other car-loads went down
yesterday. Those were pickles and lime juice purchased at the East. Now
they are shipping onions from the Frankfort street storehouse and rushing
in here semi-occasionally for orders, leaving a long line of muddy boot-
tracks on the floor which was so beautifully scrubbed after yesterday's
clearance I Dominic, (bless his good natured soul and his one eye !) has
just appeared in the doorway, whip in hand, calling for " tally " to his next
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CANVASSING AND FORWARDING. 237
load, and here comes Fbank, with his hands full of shipping-bills, and just
at his heels is the Express man with the inevitable book which I must stop
to receipt, • • • • next, a squad of soldiers from hospital, coming in
for a friendly call and to ask for "just a sheet of paper and a steel pen,
please. Miss," and one who is pale and feeble looks wistfully at the flannel
shirts till good Mrs. M drops her shears and ties up for him in a snug
bundle, a warm shirt and drawers, a little ** comfort-bag " well filled and a
white handkerchief.
That completes the picture — ah no ! there goes Jerome, to the Home,
carrying a basket of grapes and a carving knife, having left his request for
a barrel of floor and sundry other supplies for our great household under
the hill.
Vegetables, pickles and krout — both purchased
and contributed — formed the great bulk of shipments
to the southwest, and the demand for such supplies
was still the burden of every letter from agents in the
field. The services of canvassers were continued with
much success in influencing contributions and main-
taining the branch societies. From the cutting and
work department, which has been specially described,
hospital clothing of excellent make and material was
furnished in quantity from week to week.
Well-tested recipes for making blackberry syrups
and cordials were widely scattered, and the medicinal
virtues of these preparations were urged through city
and country papers. A " blackberry army " of boys
and girls was again recruited in many townships
where the local societies were zealous in securing the
whole blackberry crop for hospital use. Fresh vege-
tables in bulk and ripe currants were several times
sent to the hospitals of Camp Dennison, near Cincin.
nati. Special requests from the surgeon of that post
for bandages and dressings were honored from time to
time. Garden seeds, onion-sets and flowering plants
were again sent to the hospital gardens at Chatta-
nooga.
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238 HELP FOR PRISONERS.
In June of this year a large number of boxes con-
signed by country societies were forwarded through
the Cleveland Aid Rooms to the Ohio Relief Associa-
tion at Washington, and later, large quantities of
pickles and other stores called for by the Quartermas-
ter General of Ohio were forwarded to Columbus for
returned prisoners who were arriving there. Several
hundred weight of tobacco were purchased by the
Norwalk Branch for two regiments from that section.
This gift, on reaching its destination, drew forth a
graceful letter of acknowledgment and of tribute to
the general usefulness of the Sanitary Commission
among the soldiers in the field. The comparatively
small needs of the Wheeling depot were still drawn
from Cleveland. The Soldiers' Home established by
the Sanitary Commission at Jeffersonville, Ind., was
largely famished, on opening, with bedding from the
Cleveland Aid Rooms. The Soldiers' Home at Nash-
ville often received special supplies from the same
source.
In answer to some touching letters from Union
prisoners in Florence, Ala., and Columbia, S. C, several
vain attempts were made to send boxes of comforts
to these perishing men. The pitiable condition of
our soldiers in the rebel prisons at Cahawba, Ala.,
reported by some of the escaped or exchanged prison-
ers, moved the officers of the Cleveland Aid Society
to open communication with the rebel officials in
charge of that post, and to ask their help in deliver-
ing to these suffering prisoners some supplies of
clothing. Fair promises, never fulfilled, were the
only results of these negotiations which were at last
regretfully abandoned.
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CHANGE OF VICE-PRESIDENTS. 239
Shipments to the Sanitary agency at Leavenworth,
Kansas, were continued as usual. These goods had
now free transportation over the Chicago, Burlington
and Quincy, and Hannibal and St. Joseph railroads. In
the duties of this agency, Mr. Beown was assisted by
the Ladies' Aid Society of Leavenworth, which strug-
gled through many difficulties to become an active
and useful organization. The destitute state of the
freedmen and Union refugees that were arriving in
great numbers at Leavenworth was vividly brought
to the notice of the Cleveland Society by the letters
of Mrs. Hiram Griswold, a former resident of this
city, who in removing to Kansas carried to this new
home the quick sympathies and active loyalty that
had made her for many months one of the most zeal-
ous workers at the Cleveland Aid Rooms.
At a regular meeting, November 1st, 1864, Mrs. J.
A. Harris, who had been from its organization an
active member of the Society, was chosen second vice-
president. This office had been left vacant by the
resignation, August 2d, of Mrs. Lewis Burton, whose
charitable labors in other directions made her daily
attendance at the Aid Rooms impossible.
The officers and active members of the Society
sometimes suffered in health from too laborious or
exciting duty at the Rooms and were forced, occasion-
ally, to seek rest and change for a few weeks — but,
with the two exceptions noted above and on page 105,
all were happily spared the pain of giving up, perma-
nently, their places in a work that was all-engrossing
and that brought day by day rich aAd all-satisfying
reward to mind and heart.
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240 REVIEW OF THE YEAR.
The treasurer's books at the close of the year
showed that the resources of the Society had been
liberally expended, but there was constant demand
for a class of stores that money could not buy, — for
bandages, dressings, articles of home workmanship
and many little comforts that only generosity and
skill could supply. Every call for these was answered
with a promptness that should be gratefully recorded
to the lasting honor of the aid societies of Northern
Ohio.
During the summer, tributaries had been urged to
collect pickles, krout, potatoes, onions and anything
that would prevent or arrest scurvy. These appeals
were made in behalf of Sherman's men, lying before
Atlanta. When that splendid army, on its ever-famous
" march to the sea," passed beyond the loving care of
the North and could only be followed by the prayers
of thousands of anxious hearts, the forces of Thomas,
gathering about Nashville, received generous supplies
from Northern Ohio.
The hospital stores shipped from Cleveland still
went mainly to the headquarters of the Sanitary
Commission at Louisville, Ky., thence to be for-
warded to Nashville, Chattanooga, Atlanta, Memphis,
Vicksburg and the ever more distant " front," to be
dispensed by agents whose experience fitted them to
bestow the right thing in the right place and to use
supplies with less waste and more effect than could
be done by any transient distributor however con-
scientious or zealous.
From Dr. Newberry's final report it appears that
the stores distributed by the Sanitary Commission in
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EXPENSES OF DISTRIBUTION. 241
the armies of the West were valued at five millions
one hundred and twenty-three thousand two hundred
and fifty-six dollars and twenty-nine cents, in the
home field. The expenses of collecting, transporting
and distributing these supplies amounted to one hun-
dred and ninety-six thousand two hundred and thirty-
seven dollars and eighteen cents, of which ninety-eight
thousand eight hundred and ninety-four dollars and
sixty-seven cents were paid for their distribution. In
other words, the expense incurred outside of the
home field, in transporting and distributing stores
valued at over five millions of dollars was less than
one hundred thousand dollars, or less than two per
cent, of their valuation, a lower per centage than was
claimed by any other organization of a similar charac-
ter. If the work of the supply department of the
West had been done as a commercial transaction, — if
the stores had all been purchased, and the expenses
of transporting and distributing them all paid in cash,
— it certainly could not have been done where and as
it was done for a less sum than ten millions of dollars.
When the approach of winter again increased the
calls for woolens, socks and mittens, the aid societies
turned their resources toward the purchase of mate-
rial. Fairs, suppers and lectures were held in many
towns for the "soldiers' aid" fund, dime sociables
and tableau parties were made profitable to the good
cause.
As time went on, the tributary societies, learning
from long experience and often-repeated precept that
it is the supplies sent hefore the news of a battle that
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242 NEW QUARTERS.
save life and assuage suflfering, settled into a steady
round of duty witli results far more effective than any
spasmodic action, however brilliant, could have pro-
duced.
There was, moreover, through this year an added
impetus in the belief that " the beginning of the end "
had come, — an impulse inspired by the achievements
of our gallant armies, East and West.
April 1st, 1865, the Cleveland Aid Rooms were
removed three doors north, to No. 89 Bank street.
The old quarters had long been cramped and in-
convenient, yet this change was not made without
regrets at leaving the spot where the Society had
begun its work and which the varied experience of
four years had invested with so many and so dear
associations.
The new Rooms were a spacious wareroom on the
ground floor with store cellar beneath, and a sky-
lighted office in the rear, which a little taste and
ingenuity soon converted into a pleasant boudoir
counting-room. By general desire, the arrangement of
desks and other furniture was made as nearly as
possible the same as in the little office that had just
been quitted. An interior staircase led to a large
square room above, where the counters, shelves and
store-boxes of the cutting and commission-sales de-
partment found ample accommodation. Another
staircase, directly above the first, gave access to a
room of the same size in the third story, and here the
printing office was established. A speaking tube
from the office communicated with the second and
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A C0N8ECBATI0N. 243
third story rooms, which were airy, well-lighted and
cheerful. Gas and water were conveniently arranged
through the building.
The new Aid Rooms, on the first day of occupation,
were consecrated by the funeral services of a Union
soldier who had borne his starved body and crazed
brain homeward from a rebel prison-pen only to reach
the Cleveland Soldiers' Home and die. No trace of
his family could be discovered and after a week of
vain attempt to acquaint them with his fate there
gathered around his coffin at the Aid Rooms a little
group — strangers to the dead, but not the less his
mourning friends — who paid the last Christian offices
of respect to his remains. Weeks afterwards, the in
quiries, which had been diligently continued, were
successful and the body was borne from its stranger
grave to rest with kindred dust. This was the second
occasion on which burial sei*vices of the unclaimed
dead were solemnized at the Cleveland Aid Rooms.
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CHAPTER XV.
The hope of returning peace, wliicli dawned with
1865 and flushed with joyous excitement the opening
months of that eventful year, broke into glorious sun-
light when, on the 3d of April, the fall of Richmond
was flashed over the land and, on the 9th, the capitu-
lation of the rebel army in Virginia.
These events virtually closed the war and were im-
mediately followed by orders from the War Department
stopping enlistments, diminishing supplies, calling in
troops and preparing to reduce the army to a peace
basis.
A few brief days of wild rejoicing, — in the vain
attempt to grasp and take to heart the great happi-
ness of peace indeed at hand, — and then the too
bright future was suddenly overcast by deepest gloom,
and the voice of triumph and thanksgiving died away
in a wail of national lamentation as baffled treason
guided the assassin's hand to its deadly aim, and
Abraham Lincoln fell, — the noblest of martyrs to a
noble cause.
When the funeral pageant paused in its long sad
journey, to rest in solemn state within the temple
that loyal hands made haste to rear under the wide-
spreading elms of the Forest City, the representatives
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MONUMENT PARK, CLEVELAND, O.
The Remains of President Lincoln lying in State, April 28, 1865. Page 244.
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A MEMORABLE DAY. 245
of the Sanitary Commission were allowed to bring
tribute of rare flowers and to watch all through that
mournful day near the coffin of the honored dead.
Who of the thousands ihat passed, with downcast
eye and muffled footfall, in review before that Silent
Presence will ever forget the ineffable sadness of that
day ! — the clouds dropping gentle rain, in sympathy
with a nation's tears, the sighing wind lifting and
swaying the draperies of the curtained pagoda, heavy
with symbols of woe, the national emblems everywhere
drooping and shrouded with sables, — or the weird
solemnities of the evening watch, when the moaning
of the restless trees and the loud wail of the rising
storm mingled fitfully with the wild strains of a dirge,
and glancing torches flashed for one moment with un-
earthly glare as the bearers reverently raised their
sacred burden, and the cortege, with nodding plumes
and stately trappings, swept out into the dense dark-
ness that fell like a pall upon the mournful scene.
Years of sorrow seemed to have clouded over and
blotted out the bright rising of the sun of peace. In
the exciting and varied events of that ever-memorable
time it was hard to take up the burden of duties
again, — nor was this a grief that faded with its day.
The shaded faces and mourning breast knots of the
little Aid Koom group were long the symbols of a
blow that fell upon every loyal heart with the weight
of a personal bereavement.
The actual close of the war was scarcely known or
noted in Sanitary circles. The heaviest, most engross-
ing, and by far the most interesting relief work in
the home field began after the war had really ended.
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246 WELCOME HOME.
The sudden cessation of hostilities, the rapid re-
duction of the army, and the immediate return of
regiments from the field made it the first duty of the
Sanitary Commission to increase its means of pro-
viding for the comfort of soldiers in transit. Other
schemes affecting the welfare of the soldier-tumed-
citizen were already working in philanthropic brains,
to be brought forth so soon as occasion for them
should be developed. Soldiers' Homes, lodging and
feeding stations, that had been maintained for the
accommodation of squads of invalid men or an occa-
sional passing regiment, were now to be enlarged and
fitted to welcome and give good cheer to thousands
of homeward-bound heroes.
In these duties the Cleveland Branch performed no
unwilling part, and happily the generous results of the
fair gave ample means for pursuing the purposes of
the special relief department. The final report of the
Sanitary fair had been made in the preceding March,
when the balance, thirty-two thousand seven hundred
doUai's in Government bonds, was turned over to the
exclusive control of the Society. This sum was in
the treasury at the close of the war.
The interest of this history now passes into that of
the Special Belief service, which is folly presented in
the accompanying Report. There, the enlargement of
the Soldiers' Home, the busy care given day and
night throughout the summer and fall to each return-
ing regiment, and the subsequent conduct of the Free
Claim Agency will be found in detail. These will be
touched upon here only as it is necessary to refer to
them in following the general history of the Society
to its close.
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QUESTIONS AKD ANSWERS. 247
When it became certain that the aggressive opera-
tions of war were indeed over, many branch societies
began to inquire, by letter or otherwise, whether the
work of preparing hospital stores might not properly
cease. It must be recorded here, to the credit of the
Northern Ohio aid societies, that thfeir contributions
received at the Cleveland Rooms in the month of
April, 1865, when the war closed, were as great as
they had been at any time, only excepting the excit-
ing period immediately after the news of the battle
of Pittsburg Landing in 1862.
To the officers of the Cleveland Society, long accus-
tomed to look forward to the effect upon their work
of any possible change in military affairs, it seemed
certain that the duties of the supply department must
continue for a considerable time after the return
of peace. In supplementing Government issues, the
Sanitary Commission had never commanded stores
enough to meet all the demands of our great armies,
and in the event of any probable reduction of the
forces during the coming summer there must yet be a
wide field for the offices of benevolence. This opinion
was always given in answer to the inquiries daily put
by the representatives of tributary societies, — inqui
ries that were not made from weariness or lack of
interest but from honest belief that their occupation
was gone.
To strengthen this opinion by appeal to the highest
sources of information on this point, the officers of the
Cleveland Branch addressed a letter to the general
office of the Sanitary Commission asking whether
they might not follow the example of the War De-
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248 CONTINUING SUPPLIES.
partment, reduce expenditure, cut down supplies,
discourage contribution, and prepare to give their
auxiliaries honorable discharge from their long and
faithful volunteer service.
The reply to this is embodied in aji extract from
the minutes of a meeting of the Commission, April
20th : " The termination of the war leaves much to
be done for the relief of the national forces in garri-
son and before they could safely be disbanded and
the men re- established in the pursuits of civil life.
Such garrisons, as a rule, require more sanitary aid
than the forces in the field, and Aid Societies should,
in the opinion of the Commission, not abandon their
work but continue it with added activity, in view of
the prospect that it may soon gradually cease to be
necessary."
Obedient to the spirit of this decision, the duties of
the supply service were continued at the Cleveland
Aid Rooms with much vigor and chiefly in the
interest of the troops that were maintained around
Nashville. Agents from that quarter reported Gen-
eral Thomas still relying hopefully upon the Sanitary
Commission for keeping his army well supplied witji
vegetables. A bulletin was at once issued to the
branch societies, representing this fact and calling
attention to the condition of the returned prisoners
then gathering at Vicksburg, so many of whom were
overtaken on their way homeward by that fearful
calamity, the explosion of the Mississippi river steanaer
Sultana.
The only way in which it seemed wise or even pps-
sible to reduce expenses was by diminishing the issues
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A STATE OF SIEGE. 249
of material to branch societies, it being judged that
the garments contributed would from this time be
sufficient to keep up the due proportion in shipment.
Notice was therefore given that, after May 15th, no
more packages of work would be furnished from the
Cleveland Aid Booms except in rare cases when a
Branch that made frequent contribution should need
a small supply to keep up the weekly meetings while
endeavoring to raise funds.
Even this attempted retrenchment was premature,
for as regiment after regiment returned and was or-
dered into Camp Cleveland, to wait muster-out and
pay, a host of bronzed and sturdy veterans daily
besieged the Booms, each one bearing in his travel-
stained garments and generally unkempt appearance
the surest passport to aid. To most of these men, in
their devious wanderings, the paymaster had for
months been a veritable will o' the wisp. Government
issues of clothing had ceased, and in the interval
between muster-out and final pay-day the "Sanitary"
found abundant occasion for its kind offices.
The distribution of under-garments, socks, sus-
penders, handkerchiefs, combs, soap, towels, writing
materials, and the plug of tobacco that always comes
first on the soldier's list of requirements, was at this
time the chief business done at the Aid Booms.
The ladies were often dismayed to find a crowd
blockading the pavement and patiently waiting their
arrival of a morning, and when the doors were thrown
open the throng was so great that they were fain to
draw across the wide room a high counter, as a sort
of barricade behind which they could more conven-
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250 " COMFORT-BAGS."
iently arrange and apportion their issues. It was
only stout, hale soldiers that were thus barred out.
The little wicket was always opened at the sight of a
pale face or halting step, and garments of more deli-
cate make and material or some dainties drawn from
a certain reserve stock were slyly packed into the
invalid's parcel.
Among the minor articles of convenience given out
at the Aid Kooms nothing was more useful than the
little housewives or work bags that were generally
made by school children and juvenile societies.
Scarcely a day passed but some soldier would call in
on the way to or from his regiment to beg for a
needle, a skein of thread or a few buttons. Then the
compact little " comfort-bag " was handed out, and, as
if by magic, all his desires met their fulfilment.
Sometimes the dextrous fingers of one of the Aid
Room ladies had occasion to adjust a displaced arm-
sling or to do some trifling office of the needle for a
feeble soldier. Poor fellows ! they often sadly needed
patching up, — if only a stitch could have been put
into the lame arm or halting limb, to mend them up
in body as well as in raiment !
Besides the great number of unpaid soldiers that
flocked into the Aid Rooms, in these days of the break-
ing up of camps and hospitals, there were others of a
more forlorn class. They were those whose hard
earned money, just received, had been filched by trav-
eling pickpockets or cunningly coaxed away by con-
fidence men and sharpers. This misfortune generally
overtook the victim on his journey homeward and
thus left him penniless among strangers, with no re-
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NO PLACE TO STOP. 251
course on Government and totally dependent upon
charity. The officers of the railroads centering in
Cleveland listened with wonderful patience to the
almost hourly request for passes, and helped these
unfortunates forward with great kindness. The tables
of the Soldiers' Home supplied them with food and a
package of luncheon for the journey. Some neces-
saries of clothing were usually fiimished from the
Aid Rooms. This home distribution comes under
the head of Special Relief, and is detailed in the ac-
companying Report.
The Sanitary Commission had fixed upon July 1st,
as the probable limit of the supply service. When
that time came, the Cleveland Branch found no place
to stop, but every reason to continue the issues that
have been mentioned. Those who for more than four
years had followed the soldier into camp and upon
the field with their gifts were resolved that he should
not ask in vain when he returned to a land of plenty.
A considerable sum was expended in purchasing
certain articles that were not in the usual line of con-
tribution, and the branch societies were called upon
in an urgent circular issued July 10th, to continue
their meetings or to reorganize if disbanded. Notice
was at the same time given that cut garments would
be sent out from the Cleveland Aid Rooms as usual
until the Branches could again gather funds to buy
material for their own work.
The long weekly reports of receipts in hospital
clothing, furnishings and especially in farm and dairy
products, through the entire summer of 1865, are testi-
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352 THE EMPLOYMENT AGENCY.
mony to the faithful continuance in well-doing of the
aid societies of Northern Ohio long after the close of
the war afforded them a plausible excuse for resting
from their labors.
THE EMPLOYMENT AGENCY.
The rapid disbanding of our armies immediately
suggested to the Sanitary Commission the need of
some systematic provision for re-establishing the re-
turned soldiers in the relations and pursuits of civil
life, from which they had become more or less de-
tached. It was proposed to effect this by constituting
each supply Branch a "Bureau of Information and
Employment," to which all discharged soldiers could
apply for business situations, and where the invalid
or partially disabled, especially, were to be aided in
finding such light occupations as they could best
pursue.
An Employment Agency was opened at the Cleve-
land Aid Rooms, May 1st, 1865, upon a plan of
registration furnished by the Central office at Wash-
ington. The books give only a partial showing of
the aid afforded by the Society to soldiers in search of
employment, much informal and unrecorded work of
this kind having been done from the first year of the
war. The early applicants, invariably disabled men,
had been put into the way of obtaining work, if fit for
any duty, or classed, with their families, among the
objects of special relief.
On opening the Agency it was advertised through
the city and country papers, and circulars calling
attention to it were distributed among business men.
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ITS MANAGEMENT. 253
A blackboard, seribbled all over with an attractive
enumeratioii of the talents and accomplishments of
the applicants, was conspicuously posted on the pave-
ment in front of the Aid Room door, and every effort
was made to bring employer and employe together.
The permanently disabled men were considered the
first claimants and these were certainly the most diffi-
cult to place in situations. In cases where only half
service could be done, and wages were small in pro-
portion, a monthly allowance for house rent was
given and the aid of the Society again and again ex-
tended. Tools and materials were loaned or given to
sick men who could gain a trifle by working at home.
If quite unable to earn anything they were withdrawn
from the books of the Agency and entered as pen-
sioners of the Aid Society. Several young men who
were disabled by the loss of limbs were allowed to
remain at the Soldiers' Home through a course of
study at the Commercial College, two were sent to
city schools, and three became telegraph operators
and offices were secured for them.
Of those registered as able bodied, nearly all were
feeble from late illness and only very few were fit for
full duty. The majority of the really able bodied
men were too lately from the army to have regained
the industrious habits of civil life, — some failed to
report a second time at the office, others left the city
upon mere hearsay of employment elsewhere, and
several who were provided with situations broke the
engagement and were dismissed from the books. A
few, known to be intemperate and unworthy, were
refused entry upon application. These cases of
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254 A SIGNIFICANT RECORD.
unfaithfulness are balanced by those of several ex-
cellent men who are still holding positions of trust
with their first employers.
Young men who came in from the country to look
for work, if without means, were admitted to the
Soldiers' Home for three days, famished with a card
of recommend to employers and directed where to
apply. The permit for the Home was extended at
discretion if it expired before employment was secured.
Upon notice from the employer that an engagement
had been formed, the soldier was often allowed to
remain at the Home till first pay-day enabled him to
engage a boarding place.
The employers' register did not keep pace with that
of the applicants, and it became necessary to make
personal appeals to the business men of the city.
The duty of placing the disabled involved especial
ingenuity and persistence on the part of the ladies
of the Society, much running about after office hours,
an occasional day's traveling, hither and yon, with
livery horses, and a continual boring of friends, kins-
folk and acquaintance.
In turning over the books of the Employment
Agency it is interesting to notice many names long
familiar to the Society, — names that appear first upon
the supply books, when the soldier on marching
away from home received some article of comfort or
convenience from the Aid Rooms ; next, entered upon
the records of the Hospital Directory, when missed
from the ranks after a battle or reported in some far-
off hospital, he was traced at the request of sorrowing
friends ; later, it is found in the list of those who, on
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AN ABSTBACT. 255
the homeward journey, found rest and refreshment in
the Soldiers' Home; again, upon the Special Relief
books, where supplies of food, fuel, medicines or
clothing for his family are noted beneath it ; and when
health and strength are returning it is registered with
an application for employment. Lastly, the soldier,
turned citizen, will file his papers with the Free Claim
Agency.
Such a record shows the watchfulness of the Sani-
tary Commission over the objects of its care, and is
no less significant of the confidence that the soldier
placed in this tried and faithful friend.
ABSTBACT OF THE CLEVELAND EMPLOYMENT AGENCY.
Number of applications by employers, 170
Number of applications for employment :
By able bodied men, 258
By disabled men, 153
Total applicants for employment, 411
Number failed to report a second time, 80
Number of applications by letter, not received 81
Ill
300
Number fumished with employment :
Able bodied men, 108
Disabled men, 98
Total furnished, 206
Number remaining on the books unfurnished, 94
Number once furnished, applied a second time, 77
KINDS OF EMPLOYMENT FUBNISHBD :
Mechanics, 24 ; Clerks and Copyists, 27 ; Farmers and Gardeners, 17 ;
Laborers and Porters, 52 ; Teamsters, 17 ; Railroad hands, 9 ; In private
families, 25 ; Agents, 4 ; Post Office Clerks, 4 ; Telegraph Operators, 3 ;
Watchmen, 3 ; Policemen, 3 ; Entered at School, 2 ; Physician, 1 ; Janitor,
1 ; ToUgate keeper, 1 ; Pedler, 2 ; Unknown. 11. Total, 206.
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CHAPTER XVI.
The shipments of the Society ceased about the
middle of August, on advice from the Louisville head-
quarters, and no further effort was made to attract
contributions. Supplies received after that time were
used at the Home for the comfort of its inmates and
later were given to destitute disabled soldiers who
were living in or near the city, or to any needy dis-
charged men who applied at the office of the Aid
Rooms for help.
With the close of the supply service came the first
realization that the war was indeed over.
The bustle of packing, boxing and despatching
ceased, and the long room, which had been nearly
cleared by the last shipment, looked lonesome and
dreary. The last Bulletins and Reporters had been
mailed and the Document committees retired from
their long and faithful service. The cutting and work
department was cleared of material and the duties of
that committee were ended. Draymen looked idly in
at the door in the vain hope of getting a "job," and
the porter, for lack of employment at the Aid Rooms,
was transformed into factotum and half-hourly-express
to the Home, where the busy summer's work of receiv-
ing regiments still continued. The printing press
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CLOSE OF THE SUPPLY WORK. 257
was seldom used now and only in the business of the
Employment Agency, which, with the general care of
the records, was at this time the only office work
done at the Eooms.
In their determination not to desert the work, the
officers of the Society had now stood at their post till
the work had deserted them and the question of con-
tinuing had solved itself.
September 1st, the main room and store cellar, now
needlessly spacious, were under-leased to a business
firm. The signs were taken down, the receiving-cases,
empty barrels and packing boxes, the porter's truck
and skids, the scales and other fixtures and conven-
iences of the shipping department, were disposed of at
private sale or returned to the owners who had loaned
them, and a general clearance by auction was made of
miscellaneous articles that had accumulated in the
four and a half years of business and were valueless
to the soldiers or their families.
The office furniture and books, with a small supply
of stores for chance distribution, were removed to
the second story, where an Aid Room in miniature
was established. Here everything was carefully dis-
posed to preserve so far as possible the arrangement
of the dear old room that had just been vacated.
Office hours were from 9 o'clock, A. M., till 12 M.
Published notice was given that the Cleveland Aid
Rooms had been removed to "office No. 17, second
floor," where the ladies would remain to close up the
business, arrange their papers, and render a final re-
port. The branch societies were released from fur-
ther duties, with words of grateful thanks, and their
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258 BREAKING UP THE AID ROOMS.
officers were requested to send in their own closing
statements with any other papers that would be
of service in making up the general history. All out-
standing packages of work and material were called
in. Notice was at tlie same time given that a part of
the Soldiers' Home would be kept open till some
permanent provision had been made, by State or Na-
tional Government, for homeless disabled soldiers, and
that at the office of the Society, in the Home building,
some one of the ladies would be found every morning
between the hours of 9 and 12.
The coveted retirement and quiet opportunity for
balancing books and closing accounts were not secured
even by this withdrawal to a second floor rear. The
morning office-hours were engrossed with the Employ-
ment Agency, which involved much patience and
perplexity, and even the long afternoons slipped by,
filled with a succession of duties — often trifling, but
all going to make up the sum of special relief work.
Several hours of each day were passed at the Home,
where a family of about sixty was now maintained,
mostly men who were admitted for a few days while
seeking employment in the city. Squads of invalids
just discharged fi'om hospital came, day after day, and
there was, at long intervals, a regiment late in making
the journey home from some distant post, — but the
great rush was over. The household of the Home
gradually fell back into the regular ways of the old
time, and the ladies could enjoy a quiet night in their
own houses with only a faint chance of being startled
from their dreams by the well-known summons to
welcome an approaching regiment.
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OHIO STATE soldiers' HOME. 259
In June of this year, Governor Brough, interested
for the future of the homeless disabled men who were
being discharged from hospital, had applied to the
War Department for the transfer of Tripler Hospital,
near Columbus, with its furniture and equipments, to
the State of Ohio, with the purpose of founding a
permanent Soldiers' Home. This request was gi'anted
and the transfer duly made.
The Ohio State Soldiers' Home was formally
opened October I7th, 1865, and all invalid or dis-
abled discharged men were invited to its hospitality,
— " not as a charity," so reads the circular, " but as a
return in part for what they have sacrificed for their
country." The State Home was pleasantly located
on the banks of the Scioto river, about three miles
from Columbus. The buildings were temporary, in
the barrack style, convenient, commodious and nearly
new ; in fact the workmen were still busy upon them
when the war closed. The furniture and equipments
were reasonably ample;
To sustain this new asylum until an appropriation
could be obtained from the Ohio Legislature at its
approaching session, the Cincinnati Branch Sanitary
Commission gave fifteen thousand dollars. This sum
not being sufficient, in the unexpected delay in acting
upon the bill, the Cleveland Branch later gave five
thousand dollars from its treasury towards the sup-
port of the State Home.
A few days before the formal opening in October,
the secretary and treasurer of the Cleveland Society
visited the State Home, on request of the superintend-
ent, Hon. Isaac Braytok, and it was then agreed to
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260 TRANSFERRING SOLDIERS.
transfer all invalid soldiers that were in the Cleveland
Home to this more permanent asylum, and to make
known to the disabled soldiers of Northern Ohio this
new provision for their comfort. The design was to
turn over at once to the State Home all the furniture
and stores of the Cleveland Home, but this was soon
found to be impracticable. The daily arrivals of
feeble soldiers en route from distant hospitals, the
occasional coming of a regiment, and especially the
presence of several hopelessly sick men whose critical
condition, protracted through the winter, forbade any
thought of their removal to Columbus, made it neces-
sary to keep the Cleveland Soldiers' Home open,
month after month, as will be seen by the accompany-
ing report.
The branch aid societies were desired, by letter and
circular, to inform all feeble and disabled soldiers in
their locality — without distinction of State or nation-
ality — of their claims to the charity of the State and
to urge them to accept it. Notice was sent through-
out Northern Ohio that soldiers desiring to enter the
State Home might report themselves at Cleveland
whence they would be forwarded to Columbus at the
charge of the Sanitary Commission. The officers of
the Society made it the chief business of this winter
to collect and send forward invalid soldiers to Co-
lumbus.
The Cleveland Soldiers' Home became a rendezvous
where the feeble men were kept for a few days for
rest, if need be, provided with comfortable under
clothing, furnished with railroad tickets to Columbus
and a certificate which insured them admission to the
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CLOSiNa UP. 261
State Home. The Cleveland and Columbus railroad
company afforded these tickets to the Aid Society at
half the usual rates. The steward of the Cleveland
Home was often sent down in charge of a squad of
helpless soldiers or with very sick men, who were
always removed on a bed comfortably settled in the
baggage car. At the Columbus depot an ambulance
stood ready to convey them to the door of the State
Home. Some further notice of the Ohio State
Soldiers' Home is given in the Special Relief Report
which accompanies this history. It may be said here
that the officers of the Cleveland Aid Society had a
warm interest in this institution through its entire
existence, — an interest that was not withdrawn when
in the summer of 1867 it was transferred to the
general Government, became a National Soldiers'
Asylum, and was removed to permanent buildings
at Dayton, O.
As may be imagined, the work of " closing up "
went on but slowly in the little second-story office of
the Aid Society this winter.
Files of letters were indeed drawn from their dusty
pigeon-holes and prepared for preservation in letter-
books ; printed documents were indexed and arranged
for binding. The great ledgers and shipping books
were still to be reviewed, an aggregate of the business
taken and a careful estimate made of the cash value
of all contributions.
While this dull work was going heavily forward at
rare intervals, on chance occasions of comparative
leisure, a new duty so plainly appeared that there
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262 THE FREE CLAIM AGENCY.
was no question of putting it aside or shrinking from
its burdens.
The Branch Agency established at Cleveland by the
general Commission, January 1st, 1865, for the prose-
cution, without charge to the soldier, of naval and
military claims of the late war, was — like all similar
offices — ordered to be closed at the end of the year,
with transfer of the pending claims to the general
office at Washington. When the time of closing
came, a great number of unsettled claims remained on
the books, to which the proposed transfer would
cause much delay and embarrassment, while the daily
increasing business clearly showed the importance to
the soldier of continuing a free Agency in this
locality.
The officers of the Aid Society believed that they
could not use to a better or more legitimate purpose
the balance in the treasury than by assuming the
expenses and supervision of the Claim office. This
being decided on, the Free Claim Agency was estab
lished in the third-floor room, directly above the office
that was still known as the "Aid Room." The print-
ing press, now disused, was taken down to give place
to this new department, and was subsequently given
to the State Home.
April 20th, 1866, five years from the date of its
organization, the Society contracted office limits
again, giving up the second floor, removing to the
third story and sharing that room with the Claim
Agency. This third migration was easily accom-
plished. The desks and books, and a few boxes of
soldiers' clothing and little comforts to answer the
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ITS MANAGEMENT. 263
appeals that were made almost daily, were soon trans-
ferred to "Koom 15, third floor." The pictures and
trifling ornaments, that had been carefully preserved
in every removal and were dearly prized from asso-
ciation, were still made by familiar grouping to recall
memories of the lights and shadows of Aid Koom
life. The porter, whose office was now a sinecure,
was commended, with testimonials of long and faith-
ful service, to another situation. A discharged soldier
well known to the Society by his trusty performance
of duty at the Home, was employed as sub-clerk,
porter, and agent in the many little items of business
that constantly occurred in rendering special relief to
soldiers in transit or to soldiers' families.
In taking charge of the Claim Agency there had
been no thought of maintaining it beyond the time
needed for adjusting the claims under existing laws,
but as new and important pension and bounty laws
were soon agitated and finally passed, the same
reasons which had moved the Society to assume the
business were urgent for its continuance and it was
resolved to keep the office open until the decision of
Congress upon the proposed increase of pensions
should be made known.
The purposes of the Agency were again advertised
through the press of Northern Ohio and its notices
widely distributed. The officers and members of the
branch societies were furnished with its cards and
circulars and requested to put them into the hands of
every soldier who might need legal aid in adjusting
his claims on Government for services in the late war.
The Aid Room circle was now broken up and the
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264 LAST DAYS,
secretary and treasurer of the Society alone remained
to direct the affairs of the Claim office, in which an
authorized agent was employed. The growing busi-
ness under new laws of June, 1866, obliged them to
increase the clerical force and to give their whole time
and constant services to the minutiae of office work.
In the really wearying routine of duties so unex-
pectedly protracted, it was impossible to find time or
thought for preparing the general history and final
statements that had been so long promised to the
public. Besides the unwillingness to put aside the
claims of a needful charity or to stop short of the con-
scientious fulfilment of a public trust, there was an
actual inability to sum up the results of a work that
was yet unfinished.
The Agency ceased to take new applications, Janu-
ary 1st, 1867, and remained open only to claimants
whose papers were already on file there. From this
time the duties of the office were less engrossing, and
on the 1st of July an agreement was made with an
experienced agent to take charge of the still pending
claims, he to receive from the Society a specified sum
upon each claim at its final adjustment.
Though relieved, by this agreement, from daily
attendance at the office, the secretary and treasurer
could not feel absolved from personal responsibility
and were unwilling to wholly resign into other hands,
however competent, the closing business of the
Agency. The history of the Cleveland Free Claim
Agency, which properly closes the general history
of the Aid Society, is detailed in the accompanying
Special Eelief Eeport.
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9UMMABY. ^65
The reader is referred to that Eeport, page 398,
for the expansion of a subject whose brief mention
here scarcely conveys an idea of the three years of
labor and solicitude which the management of the
Claim Agency involved, after the actual close of the
war.
The foregoing pages are a brief sketch of the work
that loyalty prompted one small district to do for the
soldiers. They are submitted in the hope that it may
not be uninteresting to trace the history of a Society
which was the first permanently organized, one of the
first to enter the field, and the last to leave it ; which
began with a capital of two gold dollars and closed
with a cash statement of more than one hundred and
seventy thousand dollars ; which grew from a neigh-
borhood sewing-circle to become the representative of
five hundred and twenty-five branch organizations, in
dispensing hospital stores valued at nearly a million of
dollars ; which built and supported a Soldiers' Home
and conducted a Special Relief system and an Em-
ployment Agency, from which sixty thousand Union
soldiers and their families received aid and comfort,
and a Free Claim Agency which gratuitously collected
war claims aggregating three hundred thousand dol-
lars, at a saving to the claimants of over seventeen
thousand dollars.
Appended to this volume are tabular statements
which confirm the above summary.
Appendix A gives the treasurer's cash report, an
enumeration of the supplies issued, with their cash
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266 ABSTRACTS.
valuation, and a list of the army localities to which
these were shipped.
Appendix B sums up the expenses of the Special
Relief service, including the cost of building, enlarg-
ing and maintaining the Cleveland Soldiers' Home,
and notes the number of lodgings, meals and transpor-
tation tickets furnished to soldiers, classifying the
applicants by the states from which they were enlisted.
This appendix also gives the names of citizens who
contributed cash for building the Home, and of those
Branch Societies that sent supplies specifically for its
tables.
Appendix C reports the business of the Free Claim
Agency, the number and designation of the cases filed
and the items and aggregate of expense.
Appendix D records the names of ladies of the city
whose payment of the monthly fee, for one year or
longer, or whose active part in the work at the Aid
Ilooms, entitles them to be called members of the
Society, and the names of the gentlemen who were
enrolled as honorary members.
In Appendix E are the names of those friends of
the Aid Society who were most prominent in all
schemes for supplying its treasury, — ladies and gen-
tlemen whose energy and skill projected concerts,
tableaux and amusements of various kinds, and young
people whose musical or artistic talents made these
amateur entertainments charming and profitable. The
special committees of the Sanitary Fair have their
place here, though even this long array of names em-
braces but a tithe of those who worked zealously in
that great charity. The local associate members of
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BEP0RT8. 267
the U. S. Sanitaby Commission, the Ward Belief Com-
mittees, so far as reported, and the city Eeception
Committees are included in this appendix.
Appendix F is a list of Branch Societies, with the
names of their officers and correspondents, so far as it
was possible to obtain them from letters or reports.
Under some of these will be found a summary of the
cash disbursed or of the estimated contribution in
kind. These have all been taken from the written re-
ports of an officer. Where no valuation was furnished
none has been supplied.
Even the most satisfactory of these statements but
feebly shadows the patience, enthtisiasm and self devo-
tion involved in maintaining an Aid Society, formed,
as many of these were, in localities where farm duties
were engrossing, neighborhoods scattering, and ship-
ping facilities inconvenient, — where money was not
plenty and laborers were few.
Earnest and repeated requests have been made, by
letter and circular, for the closing statement of each
society, but so meagre has been the response that it
became a matter of doubt whether to publish those
that were received. In deciding to do this partial
justice to the few, it is much regretted that even the
names of others equally prominent must be unrecorded,
and that some of the most important auxiliary socie-
ties are left entirely without a business showing.
The difficulty of obtaining these reports, though
embarrassing to those who would gladly have given
the Branches more space in this volume, is a not un-
pleasing commentary upon the spirit which animated
the faithful laborers in Northern Ohio Aid Societies
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268 CONCLUSION.
throughout the war. In their zeal to begin their
work, and their enthusiastic continuance, some " had
no time to waste in keeping books;" others, indifferent
to^the future, destroyed their papers from time to time,
as valueless, — so soon as they were satisfied that their
boxes had reached destination, — or celebrated the
happy return of peace by a general bonfire of their
records. Some of the most eflScient organizations
worked steadily on without change of ofl&cers, and
when the war closed, quietly resumed the interrupted
duties of the missionary circle or church sociable from
which their Aid Society had been temporarily formed,
and this without summing up results or claiming or
expecting honor or reward.
But all who had any part in the beneficent work
in which it was woman's peculiar privilege to serve her
country, must feel abundantly rewarded in having been
able to do something for those who gave health,
manly strength, worldly prospects, ties of home, and
even life itself, in the more perilous service of the
field.
As already sweet flowers and tender plants creep
over and half conceal the battle footprints but lately
left on many a field and hillside of our land, so sweet
charities and tender memories arise to enwrap the
gaunt figure and veil the grim visage of War, that
must forever stand, a central object, upon the canvas
that portrays the history of these memorable years.
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PART II.
SPECIAL RELIEF.
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SPECIAL RELIEF.
That division of the Sanitary Commission wofk
known as the Special Relief Department, com-
prised all the aid rendered to soldiers, indiividually,
both through the Homes and Lodges, and from the
depots of supplies.
The branches of this service were: th6 Hospital
Directory, through whose medium the condition of
a soldier, sick in hospital or camp, could be daily
learned, and whose records of the battle field told
the fate of many a missing man ; the Employment
Agency, Avhich secured to discharged soldiers occu-
pation suited to their various degrees of disability;
the War Claim Agency, which collected gratuitously
for soldiers, their widows or heirs, the pension, arrears
of pay and bounty due them; and the Soldiers'
Homes, whose reports also covered the assistance
rendered the families of enlisted men. These compre-
hended the entire work as known to the home field.
At the front the design was necessarily varied and
expanded, embracing the system of hospital cars and
transports, of feeding stations and hospital visitors.
The Soldiers' Homes of the Commission grew oiit
of a necessity soon recognized — that of facilitating
the transportation of sick and disabled men. Much
19 279
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274 soldiers' homes anI) bests.
suffenDg was found to exist in the transfer of such
from insufficient arrangements for food and rest, and
the attention of the Sanitary Commission was directed
to this fact. To remedy the evil, Homes or Rests
were established in all the large cities on the great
routes of travel, or in military occupation.
First designed for the relief of the sick and desti-
tute, the plan, widening, included all soldiers of the
national army on furlough or discharge. The larger
establishments, drawing rations from the government
to cover the greater expense, invited to their hospi-
talities even regimental organizations on transfer to
the field, or returning to their camps of discharge.
Here the sick soldier found rest and refreshment ;
the discharged and disabled man, awaiting the first
installment of pension, gained a temporary asylum;
the recruit, the veteran, the returned prisoner, met
here the sympathy of their loyal fellow citizens in
many forms of substantial comfort.
The present report embraces only those phases of
the local relief work which may properly be con-
nected with the history of the Cleveland Soldiers'
Home.
marine hospital, army department.
In the van of those who, during the first six months
of the war, applied, personally, to the Soldiers' Aid
Society for relief, were the soldiers in the hastily
organized camps, who were, at first, scantily supplied
with clothing and bedding.
Often a company of fresh, stalwart country lads,
arriving in hot haste, found their patriotic fervor
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EARLY CAMP LIFE. 275
severely tested by the necessity of passing their first
night in camp exposed to the fiiry of a summer tem-
pest. Promptly following such accessions to the
military force, came a delegation of soldiers to the Aid
Rooms in search of relief from that quarter, while they
relate the trials of the boys, who marched in from
Hiram, or Chardon, last night, and lay on the wet
ground. Later in the war, taught by past experience,
the mother gave her soldier a home-made blanket or
patch- work quilt, as a temporary expedient; but, in
the first days, the great question was, who should be
earliest in the field? Providence and the quartermas-
ter would take care of the rest.
Here are a file of so-called requisitions for blankets
from the 7th, the 8th, the 40th Ohio Regiments, —
names which afterwards became so honored, and
whose members fought bravely, suffered, died on the
field, in hospital, or brought home their wounds and
lived to smile at the hardships of the first days of
enlistment.
Following soon upon the organization of the Sol-
diers' Aid Society, was the formation, in all wards
of the city, of committees who assumed the charge of
the soldiers' families, visited each and all systemati-
cally, and distributed to them, according to their
several necessities, food and clothing, purchased from
the funds contributed in each district for this pur-
pose. (See Appendix E.)
Personal investigation, faithfully pursued in all
cases, by members of the various ward committees,
resulted in an impartial and correct disposition of the
money committed to them. The aid thus bestowed.
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276 WARP eOHMITTEE9.
iu most instances, was received a$ simply supplemen.-
tary to the honest labor of tte soldier's, wife ; aJthough
the good committee ladies once found their oflfer of
employment rejected on the ground that " she couldn't
be expected to work, as she understood the ladies
were to be supported while their husbands were
in the war."
Although these committees were, to a great extent,
composed of active members of th^ Aid Society, the
Ward Relief system being wholly local in its work-
ings, was entirely independent of the Sanitary Com-
mission. Relieved thus from the direct care of the
soldiers' families, the Aid Society still occasionally
rendered them assistance, and this in time became an
important item in its current work. As a medium of
communication between the home circle and the absent
soldier, it was always available.
Among the recruits in Camps Wade and Taylor,
there were soon sick men, suflfering from the unusual
exposure, injured by the accidental discharge of fire
arms, or victims of the inevitable camp diseases, who,
in the absence of hospital accommodations, fell to the
charge of the Sanitary Commission.
Regimental hospitals were organized and well con-
ducted, but as each in turn was broken up, when
marching orders came, the patients who were unable
to go on with the regiment, again reverted to the
Aid Society. Their number daily increased, and in
lodging houses, where they were quartered, they could
not receive the care their condition required. It was
evident that some more extended system must be
adopted, and to effect this, a meeting was called on
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MABINE HOSPITAL. 277
the 11th of November, 1861, by the gentlemen who
had been recently appointed associate members of the
General Sanitary Commission, (See Appendix E.)
The Soldiers' Aid Society was invited to co-operate
in the scheme, and a committee appointed to secure a
portion of the Marine Hospital for the use of invalid
soldiers. On application to the Secretary of the
Treasury, the Collector of the port was authorized to
assign one or two rooms in the great, half-tenanted
building for this purpose.
The Faculty of the Cleveland Medical College
offered to attend the patients gratuitously. A con-
tract was made with the steward of the Hospital to
supply necessary food, while the outfit of bedding,
clothing, dressings and nourishing diet for the sick
came from the store room of the Soldiers' Aid Society.
To what was now called the Army Department of
the Marine Hospital, Mr. B. Eouse gave his time and
services as director of its affairs, nurse, faithful attend-
ant upon the sick and coiTCspondent. For the two
soldiers who died there — one burned by an explosion
in the corral, the other returning on furlough to his
Illinois home -^ he performed every kind office, then
traced the friends of each and gave them the partic-
ulars, so full of interest, of the soldiers' sickness and
death.
Here, in fact, the Aid Society found little to do.
It could visit the patients, from time to time; now
and then aid one in returning to his home, and hold
itself, on all occasions, in readiness to respond to calls
upon its stores for the use of the hospital. It became
also, in several instances, responsible for soldiers too
ill to be safely removed to the Marine Hospital.
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278 PITTSBURGH LANDING.
As the men became convalescent, were discharged,
and returned to their regiments, from one and another
would come back a letter, full of the writer's views of
the war and administration of military aflfairs, seldom
failing to revert, in the words of one correspondent,
" to your kindness that you shew me, when I thought
no friend was near."
The expense of maintaining the hospital was borne
by the committee under whose charge it was organ-
ized. After the establishment of the Depot Hospital
this committee ceased to act, while the Special Relief
work was thenceforth assumed by the Soldiers' Aid
Society, at this time formally connected with the U.
S. Sanitary Commission and recognized as its Cleve-
land Branch.
the depot hospital.
On the 6th and 7th of April, 1862, the battle of
Pittsburgh Landing was fought.
In common with the entire West, Northern Ohio
was deeply moved and aroused by this struggle, in
which a large proportion of its troops were engaged.
On that first anxious day, when it was rumored that
the great battle was in progress, which was afterwards
decided in favor of the Union forces, the Aid Rooms
were thronged with an eager crowd, which gathered
and increased as intelligence, later and more full, reveal-
ed the extent of loss, even to the victorious troops. The
imperfect lists of wounded and dead were finally made
public, and there were still many, bewildered by the
vagueness of the reports, the distance of the unfamiliar
battle ground, who came to the Aid Society as the
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HOSPITAL STEAMERS. 279
fountain head of military information. Little aid
could be rendered them there beyond writing a letter
of enquiry — the mere sending of which was a tempo-
rary relief to anxiety and suspense — and sometimes
enlisting them in working for any and all soldiers.
Often the amanuensis of the office was petitioned to
read the joyful answer to her missive, wherein it
appeared that the writer was safe and wanted another
fight. Often, too, a few kind words from the unskilful
pen of a brother soldier were brought her to deci-
pher, which told that poor so and so was killed on
the second day's fight, or, what was almost as hard to
hear, had been wounded and taken prisoner by the
enemy.
Within a week from the date of the battle, the
hospital steamers of the Sanitary Commission brought
up the river the first installment of wounded men,
who could bear removal to the cooler northern climate.
The hospitals along the route received their allotted
number of patients ; the convalescents were furloughed
and allowed to return to their own homes.
At this time the suggestion was made to the Aid
Society by Mrs. James Shaw, of Windham, O., that
something should be done at Cleveland for the relief
and comfort of the soldiers who must pass through
that city. Several wounded and sick boys from
Northern Ohio regiments had spent the night, hungry
and cold, on the floor of the Union Depot.
Two ladies from the Aid Ropms were at once
detailed to carry into execution a hastily formed plan
which would meet the exigencies of the case. A
small room in the Depot was obtained, through the
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28Q TJIf: PBPOT HOSPITAL.
kindness of the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula
railroad company, fpr a temporary hospital, accessible,
well warmed and lighted.
A part of the primitive furniture of the Marine
Hospital was ordered to the front, a foraging party
organized to beg or borrow some additional articles
of comfort^ a^d a rendezvous appointed for drays and
committer woipen. The simple outfit was 9oon col-
le.c|;ed, for its various parts were cordially given by
the pity merchants, with something also in the way of
encouragement for the new scheme. In one instance
a clerk, hearing the story of the hospital, begged to
add his gift to his employer's, because he had a dead
soldier brother.
At noon a small train, consisting of a dray load of
beds, tables and chairs, under the orders of the ener-
getic director of the Army Department of the Marine
Hospital, and a carriage containing the committee,
obscured behind a confused mass of sheets, blankets,
pillows, bowls, pitchers, clothing, etc., left the Bank
street headquarters, and by night the Depot Hospital
was an established charity.
Opening a door from the busy depot the room
was disclosed, fifteen feet square, with painted floor,
perfectly clean, four white beds, a table with books
md newspapers, and a very little other farniture
disposed to advantage. The walls at this period,
though clean, were bare, but soon one and another
wounded hero, who found the hours pass slowly in
this retreat, covered the white surface with startling
pictures, extracted from sensational prints, charcoal
sketches or martial scenes, original in design and exe-
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ITS MENAGE. 281
cution. Here was Jeff. Davis, in the uncomfortable
position in which all soldiers delighted to imagine
him, and, perhaps in close conjunction, an inscription
which asserted, with plentiful capitals, that " This is
a bully place."
It was noisy without, through the heavy roll of
cars and the shrieks of many locomotives, but within
it was quiet, clean and inviting to the sick men to
to whose use it was dedicated.
The establishment was consigned to the charge of
George Vosburgh, an excellent nurse, kind and
efficient, who attended all the trains and brought to
the hospital room those who were unable to proceed
on their journey. A system of tickets, redeemable
each month, procured meals at all hours from the
dining hall of Messrs. Wheeler and Russell, in the
same building, and in this way many could be fed,
even in the limited time allowed between the arrival
and departure of trains.
The advent of the new institution was welcomed
by those engaged in any capacity at the depot. It
now appeared that much suffering had been experi-
enced by disabled soldiers, detained through the non
connection of trains, and dependent upon the charity
of their fellow passengers or of the rail road employes,
who were heavily taxed to meet the immediate wants
of this numerous class.
The irregular character of the furloughs of men
brought from Tennessee on the hospital boats, made
it often necessary to assist them by transportation.
The Governor of Ohio employed Mr. Clark Warren
as special agent to send forward the Ohio men. For
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282 CAPACITIES AND EESOUROES.
transportation of members of regiments from other
States, the Aid Society relied upon the generosity of
the various rail road companies, whose innumerable
kindnesses can be only imperfectly recorded. Daily,
almost hourly, requests for assistance were invariably
and cordially granted, and so long as the society
organization existed.
Clothing and some simple luxuries were supplied
the hospital from the Aid Rooms, and thus to a cer-
amount of home-made dainties direct communication
was secured with the lips of the patients, and duly
credited on the out-standing account with the surgeons
and nurses. Did any one insist that all the sheets
and shirts, fruit and wines went astray, the Depot
Hospital could be pointed to with pride as refuting
the assertion in one instance.
Occasionally a seriously ill patient was sent to the
Marine Hospital, where fresher air and less noise
awaited an invalid. When the U. S. General Hos-
pital was established at Camp Cleveland, all cases of
continued illness were transferred thither, except of
men actually discharged from the service.
Financially the Depot Hospital received no special
attention from the public. The expenses of its first
month's existence were refunded by Governor Tod of
Ohio, who visited the room, was pleased with its
humble mission, and in this way contributed to its
object. It was subsequently supported from the
funds of the Aid Society, no particular collection
being made for the purpose until the Soldiers' Home
was built.
The capacity of the room was extremely limited; it
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k DBAWBACK, 283
aimed only to lodge for a night a sick soldier, and to
feed those who were able to proceed homeward with-
out further detention. Sometimes the name of an
army nurse appears on its records, and often the wives
or mothers of wounded men were glad to rest here
an hour with their charges on their journey from
camp or hospital.
There was still a drawback to the success of the
depot room — the absence of the home character which
only can redeem such places from becoming mere
feeding stations. The first duty was to see that every
man had enough to eat, and, as far as the brief time
allowed, had his deficiencies in clothing repaired, his
papers straightened, and a pass procured. But noth-
ing indicated that he was not simply the object of
governmental solicitude, nor added to the relief of his
temporal wants the assurance of warm sympathy
prompting the aid, which holds hardly a secondary
place in the design of the Sanitary Commission.
The patients were, whenever it was possible, visited
by members of the Society, always when one remained
more than a few hours. Sometimes a patriotic sheet
found its way back, emblazoned with banners and
eagles, glowing in magenta or pink, and bringing a
few words from a former soldier guest ; or a reunited
family send to the new found friends of son or brother
a round robin like this :
Prom the father :
" ' A friend in need is a friend indeed.' John got
home safe, and hasn't taken cold, therefore I give you
my sincere thanks for your kind attention."
And the mother adds :
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284 EETUBNING BEGIMENT8.
"From a friend. To let you know that my son
reached home safe, without receiving any injury, buf
was some tired, but has got rested and is now quite
comfortable, except he is weak and has a bad cough,
* * He wants that I should give you his best respects
— the old lady as took care of him — as he feels to
thank you both for your kind care and attention to
him, and says give his best respects to all inquiring
friends, and his trouble is that he is not able to be
with the regiment. * *."
In August, 1863, the regiments on duty on the
lower Mississippi, whose term of service had expired,
were relieved and ordered home for muster out.
The route selected brought the troops of Eastern
States through Cleveland, and when this became
known, with the fact that many sick accompanied
each detachment, preparations were made to receive
and entertain them at this point.
The rail road companies contracted with the propri-
etors of the Depot Dining Hall to provide the feasts
with a solid foundation of bread, meat and coffee,
while to supplement this with a superstructure of
more dainty food, became the privilege and duty of
the citizens generally.
The Soldiers' Aid Society Eooms were headquarters
for the reception of such gifts, and soon overflowed
with treasures of good things. Boxes, barrels, shelves,
desks, were receptacles for pies " of all that grows,"
cakes in endless variety, custards, fruit, wines, every
thing which could be baked, boiled or fried, in unlim-
ited quantities.
The stock of Sanitary handkerchiefs and fans, with
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STEBKIKO APPEALS. 285
tkeir mark, which he who runs may read, lay ready
for distribution; the camphor and blackberry wine
wtjre decanted into small bottles, while a plentifbl
supply of light food for the sick, beef tea and stimu-
lants wm selected &om the ho&pital storea
From the Aid Room« these preparations were con-
veyed to the depot, where the entertainment was
spread on long tables, improvised for the occasion,
and extending through the entire length of the build-
ing. The depot proper being fiilly occupied by the
dining arrangements, the small adjoining room was
given up to the sick, and attended by only too many
kind and sympathizing volunteer nurses.
From the Aid Eoom emanated the first news of the
arrival of troops, conveyed to the city at large by a
huge black board, which said, in staring letters, fix)m
its position before the door: "The 47th Mass. will be
here at nine o'clock to-night ! ! Citizens, bring your
good things to the depot!!" or, perhaps, in a more
persuasive tone: "Gentlemen going to market, will
please remember the hungry soldiers, to-night!"
When there was sufficient time, the editors of the
city papers would repeat these notices, enforced by a
full allowance of capitals and leaded type.
Of a busy week's experience the Secretary of the
the Aid Society wrote :
Cleveland Aid Rooms,
August 15, ims.
Db. J. S. Nbivbbeey,
8€c*p Western Department IL 8, Sanitary! Gommimon, LouimUe :
At the close of a busy and wearisome day, I have time for only a word
before the mail closes. We have had our hearts and our hands- full in the
last twenty-four hours, and many of our ladies have had their first sight of
the dreadful effects of war.
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286 THE PORT HUDSON KBGIMENTS.
Yesterday afternoon, at 4 o'clock, the long expected regiment, (4tli Maasa-
cliasetts,) arrived. There were nearly a hundred sick, and all in a very
worn condition. The preparations so long made proved ample, and after
two hours' merciful work among the hospital cars, and a full feast set out
for the well, the ladies had the satisfaction of sending the brave boys on
their way in a much better condition than that in which they came to us.
Another regiment was telegraphed to be here in two hours from the
departure of the first, and you may imagine the commotion into which the
whole town was thrown ; messengers were sent everywhere to notify the
housekeepers and to hasten their gifts, and such excitement and hurry of
preparation at the depot I Cleveland people, you know, are equal to any
good work, and so, at 8 o'clock, when the 28th Maine came in, there was
an abundant meal spread for them, and a fully organized committee of
ladies to attend the sick. The hospital cars, five in number, were crowded
with bad cases. All our ladies were down there and worked like heroines.
At 10 o'clock at night we left the depot, only to go home to make fresh
arrangements to meet a third regiment, at 5 o'clock this morning.
This last regiment, the 47th Massachusetts, has occupied us all the morn-
ing of this beautiful Sabbath, and our hearts have been sorely tried by the
dreadful state in which the men were found. We had very good provision for
their reception. Believing cleanliness to be next to godliness, we organized
a " new department," and set long tables at the entrance of the depot and
upon them put rows of tin wash basins, with a cake of soap and a towel at
each, and had plenty of fresh water ready. Such a splashing and scrubbing
and cheering never was I I believe this was the most welcome part of the
programme. From their bath the soldiers passed on to a really bountiful
breakfast of soft bread and butter, cold meat, pickles, herring and salmon,
plenty of onions and cucumbers, tomatoes and apples, coffee and tea. So
the well men were abundantly fed. Meantime, the ladies carried hand
basins and towels into the hospital cars. Each sick man was refreshed by
having his face and hands bathed, and then the tea, coffee, warm gruel,
bread and jelly, drit^d beef, sponge cake, egg and wine and other stimulants,
were dispensed with lavish hand. One badly wounded man and the
surgeon. Dr. Blackmeb, who was very ill indeed, were carried at once into
our little hospital and carefully tended. The surgeon remained, and Mr.
Wm. Bingham has taken him to his own house. Four sick men were sent
to the Gamp Cleveland Hospital, four of the Maine regiment also went there
last night.
A sad scene, indeed, was the death of one poor fellow, this morning, in
our little hospital. He was sinking fast when the train came in. Every-
thing was done for him that kindness or experience could suggest, but he
was too far gone with the exhaustion following a lung fever, and died
almost within sight of his home and family.
Poor fellow ! how hard he tried to speak and to send some word home I
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NEW DUTIES. 287
He was a splendid soldier, they said, and when the men of his company
filed sadly in to look at his dead face, — some even kissed his forehead
and dropped their tears upon it, — we knew that they felt it hard to leave
their comrade, and harder yet to frame the sad story into words that his
waiting friends at home might hear. We have taken every care of the
body, and it is to be forwarded to-morrow by express.
I think you would be quite satisfied with the part our Aid Society has
taken in the care of these regiments, and surely it has been a blessed work.
It would be well for the Union cause in Cleveland if we had such calls
made upon our sympathies and our benevolence every week. You have no
idea how nobly our ladies came out to this duty, nor how richly they were
rewarded by the bright faces of those New England boys, as they left the
depot cheered and refreshed by the care they had received. This last
regiment was peculiarly needy. It had passed every important point in the
night, till now, and this half day in Cleveland was a blessing to the poor
fellows I They numbered about seven hundred, with one hundred, at least,
seriously sick, and nearly all, indeed, ailing somewhat, and just from the
trenches at Port Hudson.
No time for another word.
August 21.
I sent you on Sunday a hurried sketch of our new duties — feeding the
passing regiments — 'and now can give you only an equally hasty view of
what has been done this week, which to us has seemed long and eventful,
and has turned quiet little Cleveland into a busy town, and made Bank
street and the depot the scene of a great deal of benevolent and good
natured confusion at all hours of day and night.
Monday morning we were occupied in making arrangements for sending
on the body of poor Thayeb, of whose death I wrote you. At night it
went, and with it we sent some comforting words to his wife and Mends,
which I hope softened somewhat their great sorrow. All day Tuesday we
were torn with rumors about the next regiment. The cars broke down,
and various detentions kept the train till 8 o'clock P. M. Then the 28th
Connecticut, a small regiment — five hundred perhaps — arrived; so worn
and weary the men looked, and they straggled so painfully into the depot
that it touched every heart, and you may believe our ladies were not slow
in offering the comforts contained in their generous baskets.
The colonel had gone home by sea, sick. The lieutenant colonel, two
surgeons, and many of the line oflBlcers were dead, and the regiment was in
charge of the major. The sick had been brought up in charge of the 2d
assistant surgeon. Dr. Henby Bockwell, a mere boy in appearance, but a
miracle of faithfulness, kindness and energy. Dr. Bockwell had tele-
graphed his desire to leave five men in the hospital here, and we had an
omnibus ready. The men were very unwilling to stop at first -^ even
feigned sleep, and hid themselves under their blankets — but at the persua-
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288 CLEVELAND HOSPITALITY.
fiions of Bome of onr ladies, accompanied by a taste and a smell of the
appetizing gruel, broth, blackberry cordial, etc., they began to put out their'
heads wistfully, and finally nineteen clamored to stay, and were left. The
ladies promised to go and see them in hospital next day, and so they did.
S. and N. drove over to inquire after them, and found them as comfortable
and happy as sick men could possibly be. " Oh," said one of them, " when
you told me of your excellent hospital, I eipected to see a great comfortless
brick bam or warehouse, fine outside with nothing cheerful within ; but
when we drove up to this homelike little cottage, and saw how neat and
pleasant everything is, we knew that we were among our friends, and after
our bath, and the luxury of clean clothes and a good breakfast, we felt like
new creatures, and can realize that we are no longer in Dixie." Indeed
all the men who have been sent to Camp Cleveland hospital this week have
given the same willing testimony to the kind care received there.
At 10 o*clock (Tuesday night,) the regiment had gone on its way, and the
sick had been sent over to the hospital. I must not forget to tell you that
the commissary stores — three dray loads — were presented to our Society.
We can turn some of them into our own stock very nicely, and for the rest
we can get a good sum of money, as the Quartermaster here has promised
to buy them of us.
Next day we had a little breathing time, and then towards night were
electrified by the news that two more large regiments were coming on from
Indianapolis, while still two more were on the way from Cairo. All Thurs-
day the preparations were making, and indeed I cannot tell you how gen-
erously our citizens met this fresh call. It reminded one of those early
days of the war, when each merchant seemed to vie with his neighbor in
his lavish gifts of everything his store afforded. Indeed, it was almost
impossible for us to Imy anything here. It seemed a mere farce to offer
payment, everything was so freely given to this good cause. We bought
dishes enough to serve the whole regiment at once, and towards night you
would have been amused to see our lawyers, merchants and railroad men
spreading tables, slicing onions, bottling wine, or cutting sandwiches. We
had ample washing arrangements, too ; a long row of basins twice down
the depot. Such a splashing, when at 7 o^clock the 49th Massachusetts,
seven hundred and seventeen strong, came in! — tired, dusty, and 90
hungry, but there was enough for all, and the sick were attended in the
cars, as before.
The surgeon. Dr. Windsok, was exceedingly careful of his men, and
knew at once who were to stay, and we had beds carried out of our little
room to the side of the car. Seven men were thus brought into our depot
hospital. The ladies supplied them with stimulants, and at 8 o'clock they
were ready to go over to the hospital. One poor fellow fainted before the
omnibus left. He was very, very sick. They brought him back apparently
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CARE OF THE SICK. 289
djing, but thanks to the motherly care that he received, animation was
restored. Dr. Gushing was called and pronounced it a bad case, paralysis
of the throat, caused by great exhaustion. After he had reyived and had
been made comfortable for the night, Captain Enswobth offered to stay
with him, which he did, and this morning we found him well enough
to be carried to the hospital. We have seen him since, and he bore the
drive well.
The men of this regiment expressed the greatest delight at being among
their friends again. The colonel and lieutenant colonel had been disabled,
the major was in charge. It was a fine regiment. Just before the train
moved off, we discovered in one car a black bundle — blankets, as we then
thought — piled away in a dark comer, but the heap having, in an unguarded
moment, betrayed animation, some adventurous woman investigated the
mystery and brought to view the woolly heads and wild eyes of two contra-
bands who had not dared to venture out for fear of being stolen back South.
They were reassured, of course, and dragged out just in time to get a
morsel of supper, for which they showed surprising appetite. It required
a great deal of argument, however, to convince them that they were in a
free country !
Our duties with this regiment were not over till near midnight. This
morning, of course, we were somewhat footsore, and were conscious of
having heads, from the fa.ct that there was an ache somewhere above our
shoulders. Eight o'clock came, and with it the startling telegram — " 48th
Massachusetts — seven hundred men — very hungry — had nothing at Indi-
anapolis— can we get breakfast at Cleveland?" Only two hours, and not
only a feast to be provided, but the debris of last night's entertainment to
be carried away I Seven hundred plates to wash, etc., etc., — a small matter
to some of our splendidly organized subsistence committees, but a bug-bear
indeed to raw hands, as we were.
It was done, however, and at 10 o'clock the hungry regiment had really
a sumptuous repast spread, while the thirty sick men were attended by the
ladies, who first gave a refreshing draught, then the luxury of a dip into
the bright tin basin, with plenty of soap, and afterwards turned out of the
exhaustless tin cauldrons hot broth, gruel, and all manner of sick diet.
Two very sick men have been left. They were taken over to the hospital
this afternoon.
And now here we are, Friday night, with two big, famished, expectant
regiments thundering towards us like relentless fate, — the 53d Massachu-
setts saving its appetite, perforce, for breakfast here to-morrow morning, at
9 o'clock ; the 23d Connecticut equally certain of a dinner or supper some
time later. And they shall not be disappointed, brave fellows 1 It does the
hearts of all our people good to give, and to cook, and to carve for these
returning men. We might almost wish, for the cause of our country, that
we had had such work to do every week since Southern sympathizers
began to show their heads among us !
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290 FRIENDLY MESSAGES.
Now, do not think I mean to boast of what we have done, in the hurried
sketch of our work which I have given you. Nothing of the kind is true.
I only wish you to know that our citizens have their full share of the
patriotism and humanity of which other cities nearer the seat of war have
given such beautiful illustrations.
Tours truly, M. C. B.
To soldiers, living so long in an enemy's country
and among unfriendly people, Cleveland, with its
welcome and enthusiasm, seemed a garden spot in the
war's experience. The news of its hospitality went to
many a New England home, and after the regiments
were resolved into their citizen elements, directly and
indirectly, many messages of grateful remembrance
found their way to Ohio. One correspondent wrote
for the "poor blind mother and afflicted wife" of the
soldier who died in the Depot Hospital; others, in
various styles of chirography and orthography, but in
uniform good feeling, sent their own friendly messages.
The report of some of the 28th Connecticut bore fruit
in a gift to the Aid Society of ten dollars, from a gen-
tleman who learned " the manner in which the troops
from Eastern States were received." From another
New England town returned the fame of the washing
arrangements, and thanks of certain of these ex-soldiers
for " kindness received when worn out and suffering."
All this was certainly pleasant and encouraging.
These regiments were followed by the I77th New
York, also from Port Hudson, but more exhausted
and with a larger train of sick than any preceding it
It was met at Cleveland by a committee from Albany.
N. Y., where the regiment was recruited, and its wel-
come was perhaps more enthusiastic from this cause.
In common with the sick of the New England
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PLEASANT DUTIES. 291
troops, the worst cases were removed to the United
States general hospital, at Camp Cleveland, after a
few hours' rest in the room at the depot, where one
soldier died soon after his arrival. A subsequent
very pleasant duty of the Aid Society was to visit
these patients at the hospital, and carry to them the
good wishes sent by their colonel or more fortunate
comrades, who had gone home. The messages were
always joyfully received, and the condition of the
invalids was in return reported to Albany. Some-
times the friends of a convalescent soldier came to be
directed to the hospital, and then required some
assistance in removing their charge, who probably
owed his life to the brief detention, and was always
superlatively happy. In the absence of nearer friends,
the care of the remains and effects of those who died
devolved upon the Aid Society. Colonel Chamberlin,
of the I77th New York Volunteers, contributed to its
treasury fifty dollars, in recognition of these services.
This New York regiment was the last that passed
through Cleveland in 1863. On the 8th of the fol-
lowing September five hundred men, newly assigned
to the Invalid Corps, were entertained at the depot.
A day or two later came two hundred convalescents,
the sick of Eastern regiments, who had been left at
the hospitals on the route from Port Hudson. On
the 2 2d of September a similar detachment was enter-
tained, as reported in the following letter:
Cleveland, September 24tli, 1863.
* * About one o'clock, on Saturday, a mesBage was sent from the depot
for Mrs. Bouse and myself, and, on going down, we found some one hun-
dred and twenty men, from New Orleans and Baton Bouge, going home on
furlough or discharge. A sadder sight you can hardly Imagine. All
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292 LIFE AND DEATH.
were crippled or otherwise maimed, or pale and thin from the effects of
long fevers. They had dined luxuriously off oysters and coffee, for which
— I came home convinced — they considered thanks due to the "fat man"
who dispensed it. The depot room was occupied by a young boy — a
member of the 48th Massachusetts — terribly weak after a brain fever. We
dosed him with plenty of oyster broth, and ordered more of the same to be
given him for his journey. It was really a pleasure to see a little color
flush his cheeks as he felt the reviving influence of the warm food. His
companion, also a member of the 48th Massachusetts, who were fed at
Cleveland in August, and who, he said, would never forget it, was as
careful of his charge as any woman, and I am sure they reached home
safely. But a soldier who had left the hospital, apparently no nearer death
than his comrade, was brought into the depot dead, on the seat where he
was placed on entering the train. The body was removed, before we came
down, to the undertakers, and would then have been taken away and*
buried without ceremony of any kind, but, on learning this, we gave orders
that everything proper should be done for him, and his funeral take place
from the Soldiers' Aid Rooms. I found, among his papers, letters from his
wife and daughters, full of anticipation of his return. From them I learnt
their address, and wrote that night to the wife.
I am quite convinced, from Saturday's experience, that we must have a
Soldiers' Home. We can have a bazaar, or some other dreadful thing, to
support it.
The brother of the sick boy reported promptly his
safe arrival with his charge; " a joyfiil thing," he adds,
" to me and his poor mother." The soldier who died
in the train was afterwards claimed by his friends,
and his remains and small possessions sent, at their
request, to Norwich, N. Y. Some services afterwards
rendered, in famishing the proof necessary to secure a
pension to his widow, brought a contribution of five
dollars to the treasury, from the lawyer conducting
the claim, the amount of his fees in the case.
The cheerless aspect of the depot, on the day which
brought this detachment of sick, with a cold wind
sweeping through its dreary length and chilling the
feeble men who crawled up and down the platforms,
or lay listlessly along the heaps of baggage, furnished
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LIMITED QUARTERS. 293
the conclusive argument for a Soldiers' Home. The
Depot Hospital only sufficed for the worst cases, and
even then had majay disadvantages. The noise and
confusion without, sometimes unavoidably penetrated
to the ears of the sick men, the quarters were too
limited to give all the attention to be desired, and on
Sunday, the depot being closed, it was necessary to
remove the patients to other places. The whole sys-
tem of relief was imperfect, in admitting of no uniform
restraint or supervision. The less disabled were fur-
nished only with meals, and not amenable to any
discipline whatever, drifting away into the drinking
places, which abound in that vicinity, and shifting for
themselves, except in the matter of food; even that,
taken in a peripatetic manner, was deprived of its
civilizing influence. All these points were strength-
ened by the rapidly increasing number of soldiers
from the Southern Department, since the opening of
the lower Mississippi brought troops by this route.
Besides, should the war then close, the number of
disabled men thrown upon the care of the Sanitary
Commission could not fail to be very large.
A Cleveland Soldiers' Home was at once deter-
mined upon ; one that should be comfortable enough
to give the sick the care and attendance found in the
United States general hospitals, which are closed to
men discharged from the service; and should also be
sufficiently attractive to compete successfully, in every
simple way, with the surrounding hotels, or rather
saloons. To these, the newly discharged soldiers with
their pay in pocket, were an easy prey, and between
their runners at the trains and the employe of the
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294 SUCCESSFtTL CAKVASSIKG.
Depot Hospital there was consequent and continual
enmity.
Two oflScers of the Aid Society, with Mrs. R. F.
Paine, Mr. Peter Thatcher, Mr. James Tracy and
Mr. John P. Warner, who kindly oflFered their ser-
vices, constituted a committee to solicit contributions
for this purpose, and entered upon the task immedi-
ately. They were successful beyond their anticipa-
tions in collecting two thousand dollars, including the
value of some gifts made in material for the building.
(See Appendix B.) The work of collection, although
rendered comparatively easy by the general prompt
generosity with which the request was met, was yet
embarrassed by the fact that the special relief work
of the Soldiers' Aid Society was little known, and,
indeed, up to a recent period, had made no demands
upon the interest of the public. The greater number
of those who were solicited to aid the new project,
gave readily, because they had faith in the earnest
purpose of the society, which asserted that there was
new suffering to relieve, and not because they knew
this to be time. Consequently there were certain,
even among the generous and patriotic, who pro-
nounced the scheme unnecessary and a waste of
means which might be applied to assist more pressing
distress. The truth of this opinion could only be
proved by actual test, and after a few months' experi-
ence of the value of such an institution, the objections
to its purpose were very generally withdrawn, as all
doubts of its useftdness were set at rest.
On the 12th of December the Depot Hospital was
finally closed, despoiled of its furniture and returned
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TttB tNVAtm tlOBM. 2&5
to the uses of a railroad waiting room. Its record,
compared with its small capacity, is honorable. It
gave out fourteen thousand meals and lodged nearly
thirty-four hundred men, and to many of the number
issued clothing and furnished transportation.
Aside from this number, which chiefly consisted
of the occupants of the depot room, or those relieved
in its name, were numerous soldiers' wives and fam-
ilies, who claimed and received assistance in various
ways from the Aid Society Rooms, and whose names
were often entered upon no record. They had letters
to be read from absent husbands and brothers, and,
in the office, some one could always be found to per-
form this service. A poor old woman, one day, went
to the house of her favorite scribe, in an agony of
giief, and placed in her hands a letter, which some
neighbor had read to her, containing the fearful
tidings of her son's having been put into " the invalid
corpse." " And will they let him be brought home ? "
she sobbed. It was with difficulty made clear to her
that her son had written the letter himself, and there-
fore must be alive, and the Invalid Corps was defined
as a blissful situation, where the convalescent soldier
would have no more fighting. It seemed often hard
that a stranger must be trusted to read all that came
from a dear and absent son, or communicate to him
the loving messages and home news ; yet she who thus
stood between, yet connected the members of a scat*
tered family, became in time almost the confidant of
their mutual troubles and pleasures, and learned to feel
most genuine interest in their welfare.
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296 SUNDRY PETITIONS.
There were even more letters to write than to read,
for a good, fair hand, which could plainly write the
direction — company, regiment, hospital and state, —
was much sought after. The mother would often
come to ask to have a letter written to the captain,
for her son had not been heard from for long months.
The answer to the inquiry was often news of death
or imprisonment, but sometimes John or James,
whose letters had been so anxiously waited for,
was, by the officer's report, " well, and on duty with
his regiment, and will be instructed to write to
his mother." Varied and curious were the applica-
tions made by women, as ignorant as affectionate,
for information and assistance. Mrs. S. had a sailor
son, and wished the Navy Department petitioned
for his pay — name of ship, etc., unknown. Eosa
S., a pretty, rosy young woman, came for news of a
soldier husband, who is traced through various stages
of disgrace until found in a deserter's prison. Day
after day she comes, gradually losing her fresh color,
looking paler and more anxious, as grief and hard
work steal away her youth.
Mrs. D. was a forlorn woman that picked up a
precarious existence by the sale of matches, pigs' feet
and other trifles. She had a son in camp and then
in hospital, to whom she dictated many letters into
which was always slipped fi. little hardly earned
money or some postage stamps. She slept anywhere
that offered lodging, lived on scanty food, and wore
the cast off dresses of charitable people, but an affec-
tionate heart beat under the rags.
Mrs. H. — a pale^ soft voiced little woman, — had
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HOPELESS QUESTS. 297
lost all trace of her husband, soon after his enlistment,
and came, with a full description of hair, eyes and
fine bass voice, to ask assistance in discovering his
fate. His name was not on the Adjutant General's
rolls ; he had dropped out of human knowledge as
completely as if he had never existed. Once the wife
had news that a soldier with a beautiful voice and
musical talent was at a frontier fort, but a letter
written to its commanding officer brought again disap-
pointment after weeks of waiting.
There was one slim little girl, who carried a baby
and came any number of times to inquire after her
husband, John Smith, sick in hospital somewhere.
John Smiths innumerable could be found — every
regiment and hospital had its share — but this partic-
ular John Smith never turned up. It was hard to
give her the same answer again and again, as she
came in, bright and expectant, with the baby in its
white starched sunbonnet. She was so cheerM and
industrious, and so fond of poor John Smith; it seemed
almost as if she hoped to find him there every time
she entered the little Aid Room office.
Others there were, not only among residents of
Cleveland, but, perhaps, to a greater extent, persons
living in neighboring towns, who, although quite able
to write their own letters, yet were ignorant of the
proper steps to be taken in securing certain desired
information. Inquiries at the Hospital Directory
office ordinarily went through the channel of the Aid
Society; also applications for news of a missing
soldier at the Adjutant General's office, and search
for tidings of those who had died in hospital. The
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298 t>IF^ieUL1? COMMlSStONS*
agents of the Sanitary Commission — not only at the
Louisville office, but wherever one was stationed —
could be relied upon to perfonn, at no small sacrifice
of time and trouble, any service asked of them, tracing,
by even the slenderest thread, the fate of men who
had disappeared from the company rolls, or executing
commissions entrusted them to deliver to patients of
hospitals in their department. Unbounded influence
with the military authorities was often ascribed to
them and to their home representatives. " Please get
my son a furlough," was the burden of many letters.
" Have John discharged and sent home to get well,"
or, " can you not have my husband transferred to the
hospital at Camp Cleveland?" and so through the
scale of possible and impossible commissions.
One letter says : " We received your letter. As a
drowning man clings to a straw, so we cling to any
hope relating to our dear boy. The advice and sym-
pathy expressed in your letter we feel truly grateful
for. Will you use your influence with the surgeon
to procure a discharge if our boy still lives." Another :
"My son is in hospital at Nashville; his wound is
doing well but he has been troubled for some days
with fever. If it continues I fear he won't be here
very long. I ask, how am I to get him home ?"
The Hospital Visitors — another corps of the Sani-
tary Commission agents — were commonly clergymen
appointed to visit systematically, each in his own
district, the military hospitals, and minister in many
ways to the comfort of the patients. Aside from the
duties of chaplain, ex-officio, which most of them per-
formed, they charged themselves with writing letters
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for the soldiers, supplying them, under sanction of
the surgeon, with many trifling luxuries from the
Sanitary Commission storehouses, and keeping careful
record of the last words and messages to be trans-
mitted to the friends of the dying men. To the Hos-
pital Visitors application was therefore often made
by the Aid Society, in the interest of persons wishing
to learn the condition of an invalid, or to claim the
effects of one who had died in a certain hospital
These are a few of the letters received at the Aid
Rooms : " I would wish you, as a friend of suffering
parents, to look after the effects of my son. The value
of the effects is of no consequence, only as mementos
of a dear boy that I had fond hopes of. He left his
studies at the age of eighteen and went to fight for
his country, and has filled a soldier's grave amongst
strangers. The things are nothing — nothing — save
as mementos of a lost son."
" Being desirous to know the whereabouts of my
son, I write to you. If you know you will confer a
favor on his parents. From his father."
"I write to you as my last hope of ever hearing
anything about my dearly loved husband. I fear it
is too late, but I hope some agent at that place may
know something about him."
" I had a son die in hospital in Chattanooga that I
did not know was in the army, until I received a
letter from the surgeon stating that he died there.
Could you not assist me in ascertaining the facts con-
cerning it?"
"I received your letter, and will neVer cease to
thank you for your kindness to me and mine. I have
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300 LETTTERS CONTINUED.
now a hope that my dear husband was as comfortable
as possible. Oh, God, it is hard to bear. He had a
needle-book and an inkstand which I should like to
have because they were his."
" I have received a letter stating that my son died
in the battle-field hospital I wish you would write
to Georgia."
" It caused me much joy to hear that my only son
was improving. I desire you to keep me informed as
to his health, and ask him if he is in need of money.
If he becomes dangerously ill I want to come and see
him."
What disappointing answers sometimes came! "He
died three weeks since." "His name is not on the
hospital books." " No record at the Directory office."
Not unfrequently it was a convalescent in the same
ward where a soldier had died who wrote.
"Alex, was a sober, industrious boy. He often
talked to me of you and his sister. He told me how
he loved you, and that he intended to send money to
you. I went to see his grave; he is buried in the
soldiers' burying ground. You must be comforted ;
remember he died for our great and glorious country."
The picture was not all dark — its bright side was
often turned. " He is getting well, and walking about
the camp, although he still looks feeble." " He has
just started for home on furlough." " John is doing
well." "Sullivan is discharged from the hospital
and has joined his company." One affectionate son
replied to anxious questions as to his long silence,
that he had written home four times and got no
answer, and now he had quit it.
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UNION PRISONERS. 301
The applications most difficult to answer — most
hopeless to forward, were from the families of men
prisoners in the hands of the rebels. At the close of
the year 1863 these letters began to come, increasing
in number and more hopeless in tone, as months passed
and still the exchange of prisoners was delayed, and
hope of release in time to save seemed almost at an
end. Here is one :
" Dear lady : Excuse the liberty I take to address
you. I am a soldier's wife ; my husband a prisoner
to the rebels. The only word which has reached me
concerning him was through a soldier who escaped
from Andersonville ; since then no tidings have reach-
ed me. I am sorry to trouble you. Is there any
possible way to find out if he is yet living? My
anxiety is very great."
And another. "He was captured on the 12th of
May. I have two children, and anxiety is taking me
to an early grave."
There were many men whose names were entered
upon no register, and whose fate was known only
through some fellow prisoner who had made his
escape or had been finally exchanged. To one woman,
poor, and the mother of several children, it became
necessary to say that her husband, stripped by the
rebels of hat, shoes, socks, blanket, blouse and shirt,
had frozen to death on the cars, while being trans-
ferred from Andersonville to Columbia prisons, in
mid winter.
In the Sultana disaster perished a number of men
from Northern Ohio regiments, just released from
prison, feeble, sickly and hardly able yet to realize
the new joy of being once more free.
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302 HOSPITAL INQUIRY,
The subject of hospital inquiry can not be exhausted
— can barely be entered upon within the present limits.
Its natural centre was the Hospital Directory, of
which a sketch has already been given on page 227
of the preceding Gieneral History of the Cleveland
Branch Sanitary Commission. The extracts above
made were, however, fix)m personal letters to those in
the Aid Society office, who were known through their
connection with this work.
A full file of all these letters is preserved — several
hundred in number. They contain a world of hopes,
fears, griefs, joys, purest patriotic feeling, and reflect,
as no other record can, the hearts of those whom the
war bereaved. To the writers of these letters, the
soldiers words, " he died for our gi'eat and glorious
country," could never be a mere high sounding
phrase ; it was a living fact, which softened the keen
edge of sorrow and carried the domestic loss into the
higher sphere of sacrifice and self devotion. They
offered other sons to a cause which each by his own
tribute had appropriated and made personal, and
the interest which all had felt in the welfare of the
soldier, when represented by one familiar name,
became more wide in scope, more fervent in purpose.
Those who eagerly aided the first feeble attempts
to relieve the suffering consequent upon the war,
were the last to withdraw their gifts when the neces-
sity was past.
Where some additional aid was required beyond
that systematically issued by the visiting committees
to the soldiers' families, it was obtainable from the
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SANITABY ISSUES. 308
Aid Society funds. If the winter was unusually
severe, the stock of quilts and blankets was drawn
upon to give to the most destitute, and when a soldier,
discharged or on furlough, was sick in his own home,
his food, wine and medicine generally came from the
Aid Koom stores. A note from the physician was
usually required where medicines and stimulants were
asked. The memoranda of such disbursements show
a half barrel of ale sent to one man, who, shot in the
lungs, barely lived through months of fearful suffer-
ing. Com starch, farina and " blackberry corgell," as
one petition expresses it, were frequently issued. The
latter beverage was generally believed to be infallible
in any mortal disease, and, to quote from the same
correspondent, " to Due a Graddell of Good." Prescrip-
tions, cerate, liniments, cod liver oil, were given out
in druggists' orders, and the amount paid for such
issues is not small.
After the impoi*tant battles there were invariably
many, anxious to go at once to the scene of action,
who came to the Aid Rooms for help and direction.
They argued that if a wounded man could be brought
home, he would more surely recover, — they must see
him at all events, and they thought, as one said, that
" you can hardly imagine our anxiety and anguish." It
was hard to deny these natural requests, and yet so
great were the difficulties in the way of such journeys,
so doubtful the possibility of reaching the desired
point, it was always suggested that inquiry into the
facts of the case should first be made by letter or dis-
patch. The way sometimes seemed clear; one member
of the family would start for the front, provided with
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304 FEUITLESS JOURNEYS,
transportation, and armed with letters of recommen-
dation to the Sanitary Commission agents along the
route. They also always carried with them a little
package of eatables, contributed often by friends and
neighbors as poor as themselves. This was not for
their own refreshment by the way; it was expected to
revive the wounded soldier, even in extremis, espe-
cially if a can of fruit was added from the Aid Room
stores. The children of a poor woman, preparing for
such a pious pilgrimage, were taken in charge by one
and another of the same warm hearted friends.
One wife, who had seemed a helpless, uncertain
being, hearing that her husband had been left on the
route from Harper's Ferry, sick and paralyzed, left her
four children at home, and started in search of him,
by the aid of such simple directions as could be
impressed upon her. She came back without him,
but, happily, he was afterwards traced to the Tripler
Hospital, at Columbus, O., by letters sent from the
Aid Rooms, after her return.
Another woman, who went to Gettysburgh in
search of a wounded husband, and who saw, in all the
horror of a recent battle field, only the suffering of
one soldier who lay in a small field hospital, brought
back fearful tales of the neglect with which she was
treated by the militaiy authorities, from major generals
down. But she also brought back, in his coffin, the
soldier whom she had journeyed so far to see, and who
died before she found him in the hospital tent.
A man going to see his sick boy at one of the
Winchester hospitals, could not read, and a system of
signs had to be invented for his instruction. The
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A SAD HISTOBY. 305
letter having one straight line in the comer was for
the railroad conductor; that with two marks, for the
Subsistence Committee, at Pittsburgh, and represented
dinner; and so to his journey's end.
These expeditions were almost always fruitless. It
was sad to see them undertaken with so much eager-
ness and at such sacrifice of slender means. It was
commonly too late when they arrived; the patient had
not lived longer than the first report, or had been
transferred to a more distant hospital Yet the jour-
ney in itself was a relief, and, if successful, was so
happy in its results that it could hardly be discour-
aged, if based upon any reasonable grounds.
A hard working seamstress, in a city in the State
of New York, learning that her husband, dangerously
wounded, was in hospital at Louisville, Ky., started
with the hope of bringing him home. She had barely
money enough to carry her through the earlier stages
of her journey, but she pushed her way on, seeking
out in each town the office of the Sanitary Conmiis-
sion, and procuring there transportation to the next
point and letters to aid her in any unforeseen emer-
gency. Louisville was finally reached, the man found
alive and doing well, and, assisted by the Commission,
she remained there until the soldier was able to
travel, a furlough procured and he allowed to go home
under her charge. She was so happy when she
reached Cleveland and waited a few hours at the
Home to let the ladies see the tall ghastly soldier,
whose wounded shoulder was still in slings and
whom she regarded with such fond pride. They got
home safely, the man recovered, joined his regiment
20
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306 AID ROOM GUESTS.
and served his time out; but two years later the
woman again came one morning to the Home. Her
husband had been robbed of his pay and murdered,
just after leaving his regiment headquarters on Look-
out Mountain. The faithful creature made another
journey, hoping by her own effort to discover at least
his body in the wilderness of trees and thick under-
growth which clothe the steep descents of the moun-
tain side. But the search was never successful.
Before experience had proved, even to the appli-
cant, the difficulties in the way of forwarding private
parcels, many articles, small and great, stockings and
mittens of home manufacture, with dainties of the
most perishable character smuggled in their folds,
cakes and pies made after the old infallible recipes
were brought to the Aid Kooms to "follow the army"
in search of some individual soldier. Frequently, if
the camp was not distant and communication open,
any small article of comfort was selected from the
Aid Koom stores and sent by mail to a soldier, in the
name of the parent who could not afford its purchase.
The hospital and camp furnished a large proportion
of the visitors to the Aid Rooms. Almost every
morning the hospital ambulance drew up before the
door and brought over for a day's holiday some of
the men who were unable to walk so long a distance.
The ambulance was always at the service of the
ladies at the Aid Booms to take them to Camp
Cleveland. It also made a morning trip to the
depot to pick up any stray soldiers assigned to the
hospital, and its driver. Steward L., was radiant when
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SANITABY TREASUBE8. 307
something nice was sent to the sick men on the return
journey. Most of the patients who visited the Aid
Rooms came, however, on foot, some of them hobbling
on crutches over the three long miles of hill and
dusty road. Their holiday seemed always to include
this visit, and, later in time, a dinner at the Soldiers'
Home. A few trifling gifts were ready for them, a
little stationery and a stamped envelope, tobacco, —
sometimes accompanied by a lecture against its use
from the good lady who gave it out, — mittens for the
guard at camp, and knitted woolen socks which all
the soldiers coveted, handkerchiefs of biilliant color-
ing and patriotic design, a flannel shirt occasionally,
always combs, pencils and little things of that class.
Books, papers and magazines were borrowed, circu-
lated through the hospital and generally returned to
the Aid Rooms.
In several instances one of the society officers was
entrusted with the last installment of pay of some
soldier, who drew it out of his banker's hands in small
sums. Trifling advances of money were at times made
to men who were known to be honest and in need of
a little help to send home, or for the purchase of some
necessary article. In every case the sum thus loaned
was promptly repaid before the soldier left the hos-
pital.
THE SOLDIERS' HOME.
A BUILDING site for the Home w^s given by the
Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad com-
pany, comprising three hundred feet of the pier upon
which the Union Depot stood, parallel vrith the
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308 THE soldiers' home.
latter, and separated from it by only the width of the
road. This situation was unsurpassed in its easy
access from all the railroad trains and steamboats,
and thus was avoided the necessity of conveying sick
men up the hill into the city — in many cases a
dangerous and painfiil transportation.
In the construction of the building the Aid Society
availed itself of the proffered services of Mr. Band all
Crawford, who not only superintended the original
design, but kindly undertook to carry out all the sub-
sequent changes, improvements and additions which
became necessary.
The plan adopted somewhat resembled that of the
Soldiers' Home at Louisville, Ky., — a battened build-
ing, two hundred feet long, whose interior arrange-
ments, after numerous expansions, resulted as shown
in the accompanying diagram. These meagre outlines
are transformed in the memory of those who were
frequent guests within its walls into a picture, bright
and cheerful, of which, it must be confessed, the
extreme length of the building and its pallor of com-
plexion gave little promise.
It is sketched as it appeared, in its day of greatest
usefalness and prosperity, when the funds of the
Soldiers' Aid Society, expanded by the receipts of
the Sanitary Fair, were employed to add some degree
of luxury to its undeniable comfort.
The two wards at the south end of the building
contained twenty-five beds each, were clean, well
ventilated, brilliant with fresh whitewash, blue bed
spreads and a profusion of flags of various sizes,
festooning the mirrors, waving from the gas fixtures
and crossed above windows and doors.
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DIAGBAM.
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310 . THE RECEPTION ROOM.
The middle ward, called the reception room, where
the men commonly sat, boasted a larger collection of
pictures, patriotic emblems and other decorations.
Here was the book-case with a good library of small
compass, and a round table, well supplied with peri-
odicals and, through the kindness of the editors, with
the daily Morning Leader and ^Evening Herald.
Writing materials were ' furnished to all, and, the
superintendent being instructed to stamp the numer-
ous rainbow hued letters, the post office box on the
wall indicated a voluminous correspondence. There
was a smaller table where often a one-armed or one-
legged soldier might be seen seated apart, absorbed in
the mysteries of arithmetic or a copy-book. Another
grand attraction was the backgammon board, in use
from morning to night, and always surrounded by an
excited group of spectators watching the progress of
the game, which, as the checkermen in time disap-
peared from the scene, was carried on by means of
buttons and other small articles. There was also a
looking glass where summary before-dinner toilets
were performed, with migratory combs, attached by
long brass chains to the wall, and a much frequented
water cooler in another comer. Flowering plants
stood in the windows, and a scarlet cardinal bird in
his cage sang with distracting disregard for hours.
An adjoining room was furnished with compartments
for baggage and checks. The bath-room, transferred
from its first position near the sleeping wards to
the extreme end of the building, contained conveni-
ences for dressing wounds, towels, combs and brushes
of uncertain tenure. Here, the men soon discovered.
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THE EABLY OUTFIT. 311
a plunge bath could be easily improvised by re-
moving a trap-door and diving into the depths of
lake Erie below. There was a small ward for the
very sick, which could be soon warmed and was less
noisy than the larger rooms. Kitchens, dining rooms
pantries and the apartments of the officers of the
Home were well arranged and well fitted up, the use
of each being designated by small signs on the doors.
Tlie Branch Aid Society of Newburgh provided each
of the thirty-six windows with a green Venetian blind,
which kept out the dust and glare of the depot
thoroughfare and, drawn up on the lake side, admitted
its invigorating breezes.
The early outfit of the Home was, however, more
simple, comprising only what was really necessary in
the way of furniture, purchased to add to the treasures
of the depot room, and a little that was contributed
in response to a newspaper appeal. Dr. Newberry,
'the Western Secretary of the Sanitary Commission,
presented the establishment with iron bedsteads and
rope matting for the wards. The Gas Company fur-
nished, gratuitously, all the gas consumed — a valuable
contribution, as the building was lighted brilliantly
throughout its entire length. The Water Company
also granted the free use of its pipes in the adjoining
depot, for although water was everywhere around the
Home, none could venture to drink of the yellow
flood eddying about the piers.
When all was finished, liberal applications of white-
wash, both within and without the building, were
made, two long signs mounted, and a bright national
flag run up over all, which in the first year of the
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312 THE FIEST PRIZE.
war, when temple and tent alike wore the colors
of freedom and loyalty, had floated from the tower
of Trinity Church, Cleveland, and was presented
to the Home by its Kector, the Rev. T. A. Stabkey.
The nurse attending the Depot Hospital was en-
gaged to continue his services in the new field; a
supeiintendent and matron employed, and the house-
hold corps increased by the addition of a female
servant. Just at this time a soldier, whose brain and
limbs nature and the rebels had combined to hope-
lessly confuse, presented himself as a subject for
assistance, and was appointed to the position of man-
of-all-work. A gun he never again should wield, but
a broom and mop he exercised to perfection, and
served his country in this humble way perhaps as
well as before, although with less glory, it is true.
On the 12th of December, 1863, the finishing
touches were given to the Soldiers' Home, and on
the afternoon of that rainy, chilly day two officers of
the Aid Society proceeded to inspect the building.
The whole was in order. The accommodations seemed
ample for any number of men, but not a soldier, sick
or well, appeared to claim its hospitality. This was
disappointing in the extreme, in view of the urgency
of the case as represented to the public by the canvass-
ing committee, who honestly expected crowds of eager
applicants awaiting the last blow of the carpenter's
hammer. With dampened ardor they returned to
report the discouraging state of affairs, but, half way
up the hill, fortune threw in their way a very muddy,
forlorn, one legged soldier, limping along painfuUy on
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THE HOME PEOSPECTUS. 313
his crutches, who was at once stopped, wheeled right
about and conveyed to the Home in triumph. Here
the employes were ordered to be very careful of him,
to give him the best the house afforded, and, as he
proved really a friendless, homeless cripple, he was
invited, in the ardor of the moment, to remain an
indefinite length of time — or even to pass the rest of
his days sunning himself on the bench by the Home
door. One soldier, at least, was sheltered by the two
hundred feet of boards and shingle that night, and
during the next week nearly three hundred men were
fed and lodged under its roof
On the entrance door to the Soldiers' Home was a
sign which said:
XT. S. SANTTAEY COMMISSION.
SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY OF NORTHERN OHIO.
SOLDIERS' HOME,
CLEVELAND, O.
filCK AND WOUNDED 80LDIERB, DIBCHABGED SOLDIERS, AWAITING PENSIONS
AND BACK PAT, OB FITBLOUGBJiD SOLDIEBS WITHOUT MONET, WILL
FIND LODGING, A BESTING PLACE AND POOD, FBEE OP
CHABGE, AT THE SOLDIEBS* HOME,
West of Cleve. Col. & Cin. Passenger Depot, in the rear of the Merchants'
Despatch Office.
Smaller cards bearing this inscription were widely
circulated, especially througli other Homes, while
large cards of the same kind were hung in all the
passenger trains on the different railroads and posted
in the hotels and post office. Each of the Branch
Societies received one, with the request to suspend it
in a conspicuous place. A runner, with a badge of
the Home, was still in attendance at every train,
while depot officers and employes were always ready
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314 MEANS OF SUPPORT.
to direct to the institution any who had failed to read
its many signs or escaped the notice of its officials.
At the more remote depot of the Atlantic and Great
Western railroad, the Omnibus Line agent had orders
to send to the Home, at the Aid Society expense,
soldiers arriving there who were too feeble to walk so
far. In fact nothing was neglected which could draw
within its influence the men for whom the' comforts of
the Home were meant. It was certainly cheering to a
man, who looked forward only to arriving hungry
and forlorn in a strange city, to read the invitation
sent hours before to meet him. " Such proofs of kind
remembrance stouten our hearts," one soldier said.
The benefits of the Home were, at first, necessarily
limited to the classes before mentioned — chiefly sick
or disabled men, soldiers on furlough or discharge
coming singly or in squads. Unlike other similar
institutions, whose support has been very largely
drawn from rations obtained from the government,
the Soldiers' Home at Cleveland was entirely sustain-
ed by voluntary contributions, either made directly
for that purpose or donated for the general uses of
the Aid Society. For this reason, until after the
Sanitary Fair, the Home was financially unable to
receive regiments or large bodies of soldiers under
command of an officer entitled to obtain rations from
the post commissary.
Although the rule of the establishment admitted
only those clearly shown by their papers to be entitled
to a share in its comforts, yet the order, by common
consent, was inoperative. A man claiming to have
lost his furlough or discharge was allowed the benefit
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FLEXIBLE EULES. 315
of a doubt, and, especially if sick or hungry, was
temporarily entertained. The error of possessing too
little faith was a fault of great magnitude in the eyes
of the founders of the Soldiers' Home, and while the
common sense and experience of the superintendent
were somewhat relied upon to discriminate in doubt-
ful cases, yet his orders allowed him to turn no one
from the door until his claims had been investigated
and his immediate wants relieved. There has never
been cause to regret this mild government. Refugees
and government employes occasionally claimed and
received assistance ; the female refugees benefitting by
the kind offices of a society established for that pur-
pose, under the name of " Home for Strangers." The
wives and mothers of sick soldiers always found place
in the Home building.
On entering the Home a soldier's baggage, gun and
knapsack were properly checked, his name, company,
regiment, condition and destination carefully regis-
tered, and to this entry was afterwards added the
number of meals, lodgings and other assistance
received. All were allowed to remain as long as neces-
sary, but, after one day's sojourn, a card signed by an
officer of the Aid Society was required to endorse a
longer stay. Cases of sickness were of course ex-
empted from this rule.
Good conduct was an indispensable requisite for
readmission, and, although instances of intemperance
and disorderly behavior at times occurred, the men
were generally found civil and orderly, and uniform
discipline was maintained. This was due to the
really good character of the majority of our volunteer
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316 AIM OF THE INSTITUTION.
soldiers, and in part, it is believed, to the spirit in
wtich the establishment was conducted.
The fiind which sustained this and all Sanitary
Commission institutions came from a thousand sources,
often humble and sometimes unknown. It was the
offering of patriotism and loving self denial, and the
earnest of this should accompany as well as prompt
the gift. The Soldiers' Homes were designed not
only to minister to the absolute necessities of those
who became their guests, but, while not omitting these
weightier matters, they aimed to express by the man-
ner in which the gifts were offered, the interest felt in
the soldiers as men who were intelligently and devo-
tedly enlisted in the service, and not as mere candi-
dates for unlimited food and flannel shirts. This was
accomplished through personal refiniog influence and
the use of simple means, pleasant things to look at,
good order, kind treatment and the presence of many
tokens of womanly taste. Every guest was aware
that in the Soldiers' Home good conduct was expected,
and as a rule respect for the regulations of the house-
hold was cheerfully rendered.
A sick or disabled man found at the Home what
his condition required, his wounds were carefully
dressed and his case attended to by a physician, his
friends were infoimed of his illness, and where the
disease appeared serious or of long duration, the wife
or friends were summoned and allowed to remain
until the patient could be removed. A room in the
building was especially appropriated to the use of
such guests.
For the first month the Depot Dining Hall furnished
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ITS ADMINISTEATION. 317
meals to the Home inmates, as before. This plan was
soon relinquished, and the food was prepared thence-
forth within the Home, except when the detention of
trains made a coffee room lunch all that was possible.
As the wants of the institution became more gener-
ally known, contributions of green vegetables, fruit
and home made luxuries were received from the
Branch Aid Societies, and these gifts continued so
long as there were soldiers to be regaled. Occasion-
ally articles of a perishable nature, unpacked eggs,
stray potatoes and onions, fruit which threatened
fermentation and compounds dangerous to transport
were sent from the Aid Rooms, reorganized and set
before the soldiers.
As with the Depot Hospital, the control of the
institution remained exclusively with the oflSlcers of
the Soldiers' Aid Society, by whom all purchases
were made, rules framed for the government of the
household, and all questions arising in its adminis-
tration decided. A room in the building was subse-
quently used as an oflSlce, where this business could
be transacted, and one of the ladies was in daily
attendance.
The experiment was made of employing as superin-
tendent a soldier assigned from the U. S. General
Hospital at Camp Cleveland for the purpose, but this
proved inexpedient, and Sergeant Joseph Jerome, a
discharged and disabled soldier, was appointed to
the position. Until October, 1865, when compelled
by his business engagements to resign his post, he
continued to discharge its duties to the satisfaction
of his employers, who found him efficient, reliable
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318 AN OLD FRDSND.
and capable of exercising an excellent influence and
control over his most turbulent guests. Mrs. Louisa
FoEP, who was both capable and energetic, first filled
the place of matron, and was succeeded in March,
1865, by Mrs. Ross, by whom the increased duties of
the oflSce were faithfully discharged until the closing
of the Home.
Aside from the entertainment of transient guests,
the duties of the first six months embraced the care
of a numlijer of patients, suffering from wounds or
disease of long standing. Conspicuous among these,
was a tall, gaunt Hungarian, a political exile from his
own country and a member of the 1st Ohio Battery.
Once he had inhabited a corner of the Army Depart-
ment of the Marine Hospital through a serious illness,
and since then had apparently made the tour of all
the Homes and Lodges to which his military service
could gain him admittance. He had occasionally
reported to his former friends through the pen of some
lady whose protege he had in turn become, and one
morning he presented himself at his old quarters,
more ghastly than ever, and begged the privilege of
dying in peace, under the protection of the Soldiers'
Home. In that asylum, however, under the combined
influence of good care and unlimited cod liver oil diet,
he unexpectedly revived and became equal to the
duty of engaging in hourly and fierce wordy battles
with his fellow soldiers and especially with the matron,
who excited in him unqualified aversion. His mortal
disease, consumption, rendered him so morbidly sen-
sitive that he fancied every man's hand was against
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AN APPABITION. 319
him, and consequently built fortifications around his
bed of chairs, tables and pillows, in anticipation of
possible attacks from the worthy matron, whose mere
entrance into the ward, where he lay entrenched, was
sufficient to throw him into a fever of agitation. One
night he came trembling to the house of one of the
Aid Society ladies and refused to return to the Home
unless under her protection.
But often a more kindly side of the strange nature
appeared; he would dive into the depths of his myste-
rious and carefully guarded "baggages" and bring
out a good red flannel shirt for another sick soldier,
and the Sanitary Fair acknowledges the gift of a pair
of dumb bells from the same source. In the Sanitary
Fair buildings he was frequently found. His appear-
ance was so startling, — the apparent embodiment of
all that soldier ever suflfered, — it naturally excited
universal sympathy, and wherever he turned, oysters
and coflfee were lavishly bestowed. It was no doubt
the restlessness of disease which made change of place
necessary to his happiness, for a few months later he
went to Cincinnati, finding there as usual other friends
and new sympathy, and soon came the news from a
kind hand of the death of this "good and patriotic
man " in the Commercial Hospital.
The first death within the Home walls was that of
John H., a Michigan soldier, whom his wife, with her
child in her arms, had brought from one of the crowded
Washington hospitals. They had come against the
advice of the surgeon and had painfully struggled
from one friendly shelter to the next, until this — the
last — was reached. It was apparent from the first
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320 THE FEBST DEATH.
that the long journey had been fruitless, and yet the
comfort which each day brought was in the thought
that on the next they should be certainly able to
start for home and the children. How intensely the
sick man longed to be there, and yet was so courageous
and patient ! His wife, well meaning, vociferous, and
— with all her affection — aggravating to an unpar-
alleled degree, failed to disturb his serenity; the
contretemps of a noisy and new fledged household
had no irritating power; the most trivial kindness
was magnified into a cause for gratitude. To the
clergyman who often visited him and tried to draw
his kindly simple heart from its little circle of human
anxieties, he spoke, in the last night of mortal agony,
of faith and resignation which had been bom in these
hours of fearful suffering.
Through the assistance of the Aid Society the body
was carried to his home in Michigan, and a clue to
the farther fortunes of the fam.ily for a time retained
through the letters of a son, a bright young boy,
enlisted at thirteen years of age in the band of an
Illinois regiment. From these, much interesting infor-
mation was obtained with regard to the said band,
and all the plans for " mother and the children," lying
beyond his happy discharge from the service.
Charles W. was another patient, under treatment
for partial blindness, whom the course of events
brought back again, two years later, with a broken
leg and still more imperfect sight. In that period he
had run the gauntlet of perils by poverty, disease and
intemperance. Renovated physically and morally, it
was hoped, he was again discharged, to reappear in
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VETERAN REGIMENTS. 321
twelve montlis with still greater capacities for assist-
ance.
Still another inmate was one unfortunate enough to
have suffered two amputations upon his right leg and
requiring a third operation when his application for
admission was made. Occupying for some six weeks
the small sick ward, he was distinguished for the sang
froid with which he took the whole matter — ludi-
crously cheerful in the midst of his pain, reading,
singing, laughing, especially vigorously shaking hands
with every visitor, as if the mere certainty of food
and shelter made all other inconvenience trifling.
Except in the care of the sick, the Soldiers' Home
had no part in the entertainment of the regiments
returning on veteran furlough, in January and Feb-
ruary of 1864. A citizens' committee was formed,
and the soldiers feted in the dining hall of the Sani-
tary Fair buildings, then just completed.
A member of the 20th Ohio Battery died at the
Home two days after his arrival. His wife, who had
brought a little child from their country home to
meet the husband in Cleveland, fortunately came
before his death. A baby at the Home was an
unusual guest, but it comforted the poor woman as
she sat by the fire and dressed the laughing little
thing, whose father lay dead in the next room.
Aided by the kindness of the officers of the battery,
she removed his remains to a grave with his own
people.
Into this quiet circle of recognized usefulness, a
bomb shell was occasionally thrown, by some daring
hand among the Home guests, which brought dismay
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322 OCCASIONAL GRIEVANCES.
and indignation to the minds of its managers, and
doubtless had a salutary effect in clearing the atmos-
phere of temporary obstructions. On one such occa-
sion the Aid Society was informed, in a well- written
frank statement from a young cavalryman, that the
disabled members of the Invalid Corps, on arriving at
the Home, were compelled to bivouac on the floor, in
full view of numerous comfortable unoccupied beds, —
in deference to certain ideas of military discipline enter-
tained by the superintendent. At another time, the
solution of sundry unaccountable midnight raids upon
the pantry — and consequent valiant skirmishing of the
matron upon the foragers — was found in the discovery
that no entertainment had been given to the hungry
guests arriving by the evening trains ; all had been sent
supperless to bed and had thus revenged their disap-
pointed appetites. These grievances were promptly
remedied and, indeed, were found few in number,
although every complaint entered against the em-
ployes of the establishment was promptly investi-
gated. Some fancied wrongs arose from the necessity
of limiting the stay of soldiers on furlough, or of
denying admittance to members of regiments in Camp
Cleveland.
In February, 1864, the first sum of money contrib-
uted by the Branch Aid Societies to the support of
the Home was received from Wadsworth, O., and
this example was soon followed by other towns.
These gifts, although valuable as indicating sympathy
with the Home and its work, were yet trifling when
compared with the actual amount required to main-
tain the establishment. The proceeds of the Sanitary
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WOUNDED IN THE WILDERNESS. 323
Fair were therefore drawn upon to meet the current
expenses and to carry out an extension to the build-
ing, with some other alterations and improvements.
The early spring and summer of this year were
marked by nothing more eventful than the ordinary
routine of a Soldiers' Home presents, with its daily
change of inmates ; but the series of battles beginning
with the Wilderness brought an influx of wounded
men to all the Homes on the route from Washington.
At first came those whose injuries were of such a
nature that they could make the journey unattended,
and a few weeks later, again and again, a bed or
stretcher was carefully lifted from the railroad cars
and carried to the Home, on which lay some fearfully
wounded man whom a father or brother was taking
to his home. They always thought fresh country air
would effect what a crowded hospital had failed to
do, and this was no doubt true if the journey could
be lived through.
It is of course impossible to preserve a tithe of the
incidents which marked this and later periods. Those
familiar with this phase of the Sanitary Commission
work, know the character of the daily history of a
Soldiers' Home; its numberless cases which, calling
for personal care and active sympathy, are yet so soon
supplanted by others, who in turn give place to new
guests.
One hot Sunday in July, the visitors at the Home
found, among other patients, a young soldier, shot
through the body, who had lain on his face for seven
weeks in hospital, and was now being carefully carried
home by his father, who — as was often seen — waited
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324 TWO PATIENTS.
on him with really womanly tenderness. Anything
more exquisitely uncomfortable than the condition of
the boy can hardly be imagined, and by his side,
during alt the burning afternoon, sat the father, fan-
ning away the flies, changing slightly his painful
position, brioging him ice, lemonade, anything which
could give him temporary ease, and saying occasionally
a cheerful and encouraging word. Some blackberries
and a clean cologne-scented handkerchief, which were
given him by one of the ladies, seemed especially to
please him, and when at home and convalescent, he
sent back the following letter:
July the 10
i neglect of Writing to you till now 1 hap Bin very poorly till a few
days i Be gin to get mucli Betor you hap probly for gotten me i Was
at your Solgers horn on the 3 of July over Sunday, if you haf for gotten
me i never will for get you the kindness you shown to me Was grat
Heleav to me i hav suflfered dredfully from my Wound throo ner the spine
of my Back i hop i soon will get well, i will close for this time hoping that
i will see you again, i Will forever remain your poor little Woodid Solger
Boy. John.
Another patient was a Wisconsin soldier, suffering
from hospital gangrene, who, through two long weary
months of convalescence and relapse, was the care of
the Home, although not under its roof. His nerves,
rendered sensitive through disease, were tortured
by the noise of railroad trains and heavy wagons
at the depot, and one morning his bed was put
into an express cart, sheltered by umbrellas inclined
to every angle, and transferred to a quiet house
near the lake. Here a nurse was employed, and
a physician regularly attended him. Here, with
everythiug that could speed his recovery, amuse his
loneliness, or tempt his appetite, he revived, Ian-
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DOMESTIC NEWS. 325
guished, grew better, worse, while the insidious
disease, checked in one spot would immediately appear
in another. All this time a vigorous correspondence
was kept up with the parents and wife of the patient.
The old mother, in Wisconsin, was "worried to deth
and in poor helth," and feared he would never get
well. She dictated numerous letters through a daugh-
ter, who explained that "to please mother, who was
afraid you wouldn't get them, we sent the letters
diflferent ways, once by express." For herself, the
daughter thought she would never refuse to give
something to the " Sanitary;" " if it don't do my friends
good, it may some other person."
The wife, who kept up as good courage as her
"nervous temperament would permit," sent volumi-
nous epistles of alarm, gratitude, anxiety; messages
from little Carrie, and accounts of the farm, which —
like many another woman — she had managed in her
husband's absence. She told him how Stanley had
grown, and that the neighbors had come in and
stacked her grain, free of charge, with many other
little domestic items, which were a comfort to the
poor fellow, whose chances of getting home seemed
very small. But at last he actually did recover, his
wounds finally healed, and a brother, dispatched by
the anxious family for the purpose, bore home his
prize with great rejoicings.
Many of the patients who occupied the Home
during the months of July and August, 1864, were
members of the National Guard, returning from the
three months' service. The exposure and change in
mode of life caused sickness among them to an unu-
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326 ENLARGING THE HOME.
sual degree, and in many instances produced fatal
effects.
In August the Home building was again altered
and improved. It then appeared as in the plan, with-
out the new dining room extension and south ward.
September 8th the Secretary of the Society wrote :
The Home just now engrosses a good deal of our attention. You have
no idea how that department has grown since the "one hundred days'
men " began to come home. Last month we averaged one hundred lodg-
ings per day and eight hundred meals per week. One day Mrs. Rouse
and I were sent for at 8 A. M., and went down to find eight hundred men,
the most of them weak and ailing, scattered over the entire space between
the Home and the depot, while all the beds in the Home were filled and
the floors covered with very sick men, so that we could hardly find stepping
room. To the half famished men outside I gave out crackers by the
handful until a whole barrel had been emptied, while German Mahy filled
each man's cup with hot coflfee. The railroad train had broken down
between Alliance and here, and the poor fellows had been left thirty-six
hours in the woods without food. Never, except at the extreme front, have
I seen such eager faces and starved looks. Inside the house we were
busied all day long, till dark, carrying tea, toast, eggs, gruel, beef soup
and milk punch to the sick men. One died just as he was brought in. It
was our last summer's experience over again. These were the 166th and
169th regiments Ohio National Guards, one hundred days' men. The
General Hospital and barracks here are full, and every day for two weeks
we have had every bed filled and the floor crowded. Dr. Newberry
agreed with us that the Home should be enlarged. Mr. Crawford said the
materials would be beyond the reach of our purse next spring, and that the
building should be done now, so the carpenters are busily at it. The whole
is shingled and floored, the kitchen pushed back and the dining room
enlarged, and other improvements have been made that I think you will
be pleased to see. I have just come from a sad scene there this morning.
A member of the 166th died just before I went in, and another is fast going.
His wife is with him, but her care is in vain ; twenty-four hours will end his
days, poor fellow ! A death occurred there on Sunday. You cannot imagine
the sad cases that have come under my eye there these last two weeks.
And again, on September 30th:
The repairs and additions are now nearly finished, and the Home is full
every day. Judging from the number of refugees and deserters we enter-
tain there, Jeff. Davis will soon be the "last man" in his dominions.
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OHIO NATIONAL GUARDS. 327
Only think of it, five on Friday, thirteen on Satordajr, six on Monday, and
BO they come, and we take them in imtil they can get employment. A
squad of them are workin^f now on Mr. Case's building. The women, of
whom we have not a few, are consigned to Mrs. Williamson's Society for
the Friendless, for we cannot keep them at the Home. I went down, yester-
day noon, just in time to see sixty hungry mortals, in yarious stages of
convalescence, making their way from the train to the door of the Home.
Jeromb had gone to Painesville and Mrs. Fobd had been suddenly called
into the coimtry on some personal affairs. Dutch Mary and I threw our-
selves into the gap, and set and cleared tables and washed dishes at railroad
speed. Every man of that crowd has had at least one good dinner in his
life!
Through these members of the National Guard the
good report of the Home spread far and wide, and
the people of Northern Ohio learned more of its
objects and wants than all previous appeals through
the press had taught. The women whose husbands
and brothers had actually received aid within its
walls, embraced the cause with especial ardor, and
thenceforth the Home received a generous share of
their interest and personal sympathy. One wrote
that her husband, a member of the 150th Ohio
National Guards, was sick at the time of his return,
and so was partaker of the bounty of the Soldiers'
Home. He had often told her that it surpassed
other Homes in the variety of the table, and that he
was much more pleased with bis stay there, so she
wrote at his request to express bis thanks.
Another, a friend and contributor of long standing,
says : " I have a dear brother, a member of the 150th
Ohio, who is being kindly cared for in your Soldiers'
Home tonight. Heaven bless you for it I "
Here, in the Home, many hardly earned contribu*
tions were seen in actual use, and, although the faith
of the great body of contributors in the field opera*
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328 THE children's gifts.
tions of the Sanitary Commission was genuine and
most generous, it cannot be denied that an additional
stimulus was given to the general work, by the widen-
ing of the Special Kelief department. The little
girls, whose album quilts — the product of much sac-
rifice of bright Saturday afternoons — covered in plain
sight some wounded soldier, to whom its numerous
inscriptions furnished amusement for dull hours, were
eager to make others for the same good purpose.
The refreshing sight of blackberries and currants,
picked by their own industrious fingers, going down
some hungry soldier's throat before their very eyes,
could hardly help bringing more encouragement than
a venture trusted to the perils of a Southern cam-
paign. In city and country, innumerable small socie-
ties and juvenile bazaars sprang into existence,
having the Soldiers' Home at Cleveland as an object-
ive point.
Meanwhile at the Aid Kooms had gone on the
busy round of correspondence and inquiry, as new
battles were fought and new names — so many and
familiar — were daily added to the records of dead,
wounded and missing. Near the door, now hung
the lists of missing men, published by Miss Claea
Barton and from time to time amended by her,
which were often and anxiously scanned. Posted
beside them on the wall and more frequently in the
reception room of the Soldiers' Home, was sometimes
a little written notice of a soldier whose fate was still
a mystery, with the request that if any man knew
of him, he would report to the anxious family.
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HOME FROM THE WAR. 329
Once this was done in hope of hearing of a youthful
soldier supposed to have been killed in a brilliant
cavalry charge, or to have fallen, wounded, into the
hands of the enemy.
Some of the long-sought-for had in time returned,
had been released from prison, or had recovered from
their wounds and come home on furlough, and, where
the matter could be compassed by their affectionate
relatives, had been led — sometimes "like sheep to the
slaughter," — to the Aid Kooms for inspection and
admiration. One woman excused the failure of her
son to appear in person there, on the ground that he
was "so wild like." Kichard T., who was so long
in prison, had made his escape and came in one day,
radiant, escorted by his proud and happy wife. The
brown-eyed little German woman had received her
Frais^z safely back from the hospital, where he had
lain sick, and under their small roof there was great
rejoicing. Other brothers and husbands had come
home and reported themselves "all right," while a
few of the lost and found returned only to end the
story of sickness and suffering in death or permanent
disability.
The letters of this period show a new element in
their manifold character, as did also the applications
made in person at the Aid Society office. In the
succession of engagements on Sherman's march from
Chattanooga to Atlanta, there had been great loss of
life, and Ohio men had fallen with the rest. It there-
fore became a part of the duty of the field agents of
the Sanitary Commission, and of the inspectors sta-
tioned at the various posts in the rear of the army,
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330 BRINGING HOME THE DEAD.
to identify the graves of the killed and, where it was
desired, to forward the bodies to their friends. The
orders for removal ordinarily came through the Cleve-
land Aid Society, to whose care the remains were
consigned, and with whom settlement for the incident
expenses was made. Many a woman, who had become
the sole support of her children, spent all that she
possessed or could borrow, in bringing home the body
of her husband, that it might lie in ground hallowed
by church rites, or by the more common consecration
of children and friends already resting there. There
were not many who considered a National Cemetery
the best and holiest place where a national soldier
could be buried, and it was usually failure of means
to remove him, not want of inclination, which left
him lying there.
One of the first of these commissions was for the
son of an old man living near Cleveland, who came in
the rough farm wagon to carry home this, the second,
who had been killed in the service. Four other sons
were still serving in one of the great armies.
There were also two brothers who, killed side by side
at the same moment, were found buried together near
Resaca. Of another who was brought from a Georgia
battle field his father wrote : " We have received the
body of our dear son. You have the thanks of an
afflicted family for the interest you take in assisting
the poor soldiers. God grant the day may soon come
when there will be no more need of Soldiers' Aid
Societies, and no more sacrifice of valuable life."
The entrenchments near Dallas and Resaca, Flor-
ence and Kenesaw Mountain yielded up the bodies of
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ARTIFICIAL LIMBS. 331
many a " dear son," and many were removed from the
fields and little gardens of the towns. A barrier was,
however, placed in the way of continuing these offices,
by the order of General Sherman, which positively
forbade the further removal of bodies until after
November, 1864. This measure was purely a sani-
tary one, and, after the limit designated by his order,
so long a time had elapsed that little further was
accomplished in the matter.
A very frequent complaint made at this time, and
often at later periods, was of the quality of the arti-
ficial legs furnished by contractors to the nation's crip-
pled soldiers. They were sometimes worthless after
a year's use. It was almost impossible for their wear-
ers to purchase new limbs; the price far exceeded
their scanty purses, and the inconvenience was very
great, as a serious drawback to gaining a livelihood.
Nor could these be supplied at the Sanitary Com-
mission expense, although contributions for this pur-
pose were sometimes made. Spring crutches were in
great demand, and a purchase was made of one hun-
dred pairs, manufactured by a discharged soldier who
was himself crippled. These were afterwards var-
nished and padded by a second one-legged soldier, a
guest at the Soldiers' Home.
After the battles in Virginia, in the spring of 1864,
there were more persons to assist in going to see sick
or wounded soldiers than at any earlier period. The
hospitals were more accessible. It was not like seek-
ing one left in the wake of the armies of the West,
where transportation was perilous and the guerillas
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332 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
SO troublesome. One man who had two sons, one
of whom was killed and the other seriously wounded
in the first battle of the Wilderness, though extremely
ignorant and inexperienced, made his way to a Wash-
ington hospital by the help of letters and passes,
found his living son and brought him home. Another
father wrote from his home in Michigan, after return-
ing from a visit to his son, as follows : " I found my
son in the hospital. He was not able to be moved
from the bed, and I was obliged to return without
him. The Sanitary ladies kindly oflfered their sym-
pathy; he had no appetite to eat anything from their
fair hands. I intended to call on you on my return
and thank you for your kindness, but was not well
enough to do so."
From soldiers themselves frequent letters came.
Delegations and committees in the hospitals at the
front would indite elaborate thanks on the part of
all the boys, for donations, traced to their source by
the indestructible mark of the Soldiers' Aid Society
of Northern Ohio. These communications generally
began with a picture of the inevitable man, in soldier
or sailor dress, who, suspended in mid air, gaily nailed
the national flag to the north pole, and they ended
with a score or two of signatures. There were still
more individual letters, and here is a specimen of the
class, although dating back as early as the battle of
Pittsburg Landing:
Deah Fbiekd: I was sent here from the Battle ground to assist in
dressing the many wounds I was in charge of 15 Wounded Soldiers the
Surgeon had neglected to get bandages and what to do I knew not but
determined not to give it up without a trial I started out inquiring of
every one I met if they knew any place where I could procure any Banda-
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ABMY LETTERS. 333
ges no one knew finally I came across A young man with a lot of
Bandages under His arm looking as pleased as though he had found $5.00
in gold I stopped and asked Him where did you get them. Oh said he
(his face glowing with pleasure) right down there to that little frame house
(pointing across the street) there is A Woman that belongs to the Society
she has every thing that our Boys wants I went and foimd to my surprise
Old mother Bbckbrdikb with Bandages, Pillows, towels, shirts Drawers,
Socks and every thing to make the poor suffering Boys comfortable I
took what I could carry of the Bandages and other necessaries and went to
the Hospital looking as well pleased as the Soldier I had met that told me
of the place all this seems kind of curious to me to get such luxuries
without A Recuisition Coimtersigned by two or 3 Officers. But how to
express my gratitude I know not we can say I thank you most sincerely
there is A Reward layed up for the Society which will return to you in
many days. Our Boys would have suffered severely had it not been for the
Society I hope we will all meet in Heaven where War and Bloodshed are
not You will be very kindly remembered by all of the Hospital.
Yours respectfully
give me Ohio Ladies thats my native State.
Here is another not so overflowing with honest
warmth. Gloomy pictures the nameless writer draws.
Humanity seems to demand that the attention of some charitable insti-
tution should be called to our condition here at Yicksburg. We have
nothing left us but to apeal to charity. In our Regiment alone we have
One hundred and thirty-seven sick. 113 of them are shaking with the
ague and the Doctor informed me that 36 grains of Quinine would set them
all upon their feet in forty eight hours but for the want of it they will have
to shake until some and I am fearful many of them will shake themselves
into eternity. I am satisfied what will do for the army at Washington will
not do for the army here in this malarious country where we have to drink
water out of mud puddles a great deal of the time. * * *
The following letter is pathetic, but resigned, as if
the writer were fully aware that the nation had the
worst of the bargain by insisting upon his service.
He was an old acquaintance.
Well i am again in the field i was drafted the fifteenth of this month i
cant see where they will put me i am not fit for service i can not work
nor dare to expose myself i hope they will give me time to get well if i
ever do my wife feels worse than she did the first time i went out she
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334 CONTRIBUTING SOCIETIES.
lived by herself last summer and noboddy to talk to bat the dog she thinks
it a great pleasure to have me to talk to although 1 could not do any work
and i dont think i ever will.
Here is a letter from a soldier, who sends a modest
and natural request.
You will confer a great favor on the writer if you will please be so
obliging and so kind as to send, occasionally, a line or two to a weary
lonesome soldier, to cheer him on his lonely road. You may think it is a
great presumption on my part to thus address you, being a perfect stranger,
but, knowing you are engaged in such a good work for us soldiers, I
thought you would also help to cheer us by a word, for a word from a lady
oftentimes helps us on amazingly. I have no kind mother or sister in
writing distance. I am sorry to tell you they are all south. Now, I know if
you had an idea or even could imagine what a source of comfort it was for
us to open a letter, why I know you will pen a few lines. If you desire it
I shall answer your letter, and I think I can interest you by a description of
the country and the people hereabouts.
The contributions for the Soldiers' Home now
formed a part of the shipments from towns near
Cleveland. A few of the Aid Societies sent weekly a
supply of good things for the Home table, and, fpr a
time, all the potatoes and butter consumed in the
household came from the same generous source.
Occasionally, from over zealous packing, most tempt-
ingly invoiced boxes and barrels arrived in a state of
chaos — hot doughnuts consigned to a tomb of vege-
tables and canned fruit distilling into the cheese and
butter. Among these contributing societies were
conspicuous all who had given most liberally towards
the supply department of this work. A list of them
will be found in Appendix B, of this volume. These
were not all flourishing villages nor incipient towns
of the more thickly settled portions of the territory
which limited the Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern
Ohio. Many of the moat valuable and useful gifts
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WINTER QUARTERS. 335
were prepared in lonely farm houses, to reach which
the few ladies who formed the society must journey
through cold, snow, or almost impassable mud, over
long miles of country roads. In many such meetings
the wants of the Home were earnestly considered,
and for its sick soldiers was manufactured and dis-
patched the best which each good housewife could
prepare. The tiny society at Chester Cross Roads
sent over one hundred pounds of fresh spring butter,
and so large a quantity of dried fruit that a lady
at the Aid Rooms remarked to the grey haired man
who brought these contributions to Cleveland : " Your
village must be a fine place for fruit." "We have
very little," he replied, " but we keep it all for the
soldiers and eat none ourselves."
The expenses of the Home were now very sensibly
reduced by these gifts. In a report, published in
January, 1865, the estimated cost of a meal or lodging
since the opening of the institution had averaged only
twelve cents.
The winter of 1864 and '65 brought again a large
number of discharged men to claim assistance. Sev-
eral crippled soldiers were admitted to the Home
while attending the schools or commercial college.
Others remained for only a few days while seeking
employment, and these, with a number of really help-
less men, swelled the list of inmates to foiTaidable pro-
portions. The first approach of cold weather also
brought from the South an unusual number of refu-
gees and rebel deserters from the hardships of another
winter campaign. To the latter, the ordinary hospi-
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336 REFUGEES AND DESERTERS.
tality of a meal or lodging was granted. The refugees
always needed assistance in procuring employment,
and proved the most difficult class of applicants to
provide for. Those having trades readily found work,
but others of a more numerous class, unfitted by
habits or education for any known branch of industry,
were most discouraging proteges. The Strangers'
Home Society took charge of the female refugees
and often assisted these destitute families to organize
a new humble home, by gifts of household furniture
and food. Among these many phases of want, distress
and helplessness, are conspicuous a few shining exam-
ples of resolution and energy.
A snowy day in December, 1864, found a group of
six refugee brothers huddled around the stove at the
Aid Kooms. Their homespun suits bore ample evi-
dence to the swamps and forests through which they
had escaped from Dixie, and a rebel picket had sent
a bullet through the knee of one during the flight.
The only warm garment they possessed — an old shep-
herd's plaid — was wrapped around the youngest
brother. Tommy, fourteen years old. From " Jeemes "
to Bob there was little variation in dress or expression;
all were hopeless and discouraged, with the exception
of Tommy.
To the Home they were all dispatched, until
employment could be found for them, and after vari-
ous trials and failures to make clerks, laborers or
salesmen of them, they adjourned in a body to chop
wood upon the line of some railroad. From thence
came frequent and alarming reports of Bob's having
chopped away portions of his own feet or his neigh-
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TOMMY, 337
bor's, or of John's axe having unexpectedly descended
on his brother^s head.
Meanwhile, Tommy was adopted by the Soldiers'
Home, clothed and sent to school. The expense of
his support was quite balanced by the many ways in
which he made himself useful — always ready to sit
by the bed of a sick soldier, to light fires, or run the
numerous errands to which a boy's feet are considered
equal, and never unwilling to "tote" anything for
friend or foe. Grave and conscientious, his sober face
was daily welcomed at the Aid Rooms, where he had
ordinarily some weighty question to propound, as,
" Miss , how long does it take to get an educa-
tion ? " His monthly school reports were duly brought
to be signed by his guardians and the credit marks
properly admired, and to the discriminating taste of
the Aid Society was confided the selection of poems
and orations to be spoken on public occasions. Tommy
received many marks of favor from teacher and scholars
at school, once in the form of a pair of skates, often
by smaller gifts and gratuitous sleigh rides. But
Tommy was homesick. Nothing had been heard
through the long winter from the father and mother
in Virginia, and when the taking of Richmond opened
a way of return to her refugee citizens, the six broth-
ers were among the first to avail themselves of it.
All refugees claimed to be Unionists, and so doubt-
less the larger portion of them were. Some had
suffered beyond belief at the hands of the rebels, had
seen their fathers and husbands murdered, their homes
destroyed and themselves cast out, but it may be
doubted whether all who professed to be loyal could
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338 ENTERTAINMENTS,
support their claim. There were females, refugees from
hunger and privation in the South, as staunch rebels
at heart as their husbands, who were probably then
fighting under the rebel flag. When only a meal or
lodging was asked, the sentiments of a hungry mother
and her children were not very closely inquired into.
There are some amusing incidents associated with this
class. One woman, who had received permission to
remain over night with her family at the Home,
brought forth from her baggage a surprising quantity
of handsome clothes, put them in tubs of water to
soak, pulled out a pipe, seated herself over the fire,
and refused to depart until some one had finished the
washing for her. The humiliating confession must be
made that, unless force had been employed, she would
have remained in possession.
On the 2d of December, 1864, Mr. James E. Mur-
DOOH gave a Patriotic Reading for the benefit of the
Home; and in March of the following spring, a num-
ber of ladies and gentlemen, who had long been
Mends and supporters of the Aid Society, gave a
series of Tableaux and Dramatic Performances for the
same object. (See Appendix E.) The latter enter-
tainments yielded a profit of seven hundred and thirty
dollars, and with this sum a new ward, thirty-six feet
long, was added to the south end of the building.
Work was at once commenced upon this, and in a few
days it was completed and ready for occupancy, with
a full complement of flags, pictures and blue gingham
spreads.
The following sketch, published in March, 1865,
gives an outline of the daily routine of the establish-
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ONE DAY AT THE HOME. 339
ment at a time when large numbers of convalescent
soldiers were in process of transfer to their respective
States.
ONE DAY AT THE SOLDIERS' HOME.
" How few of our citizens have taken the pains to
turn the comer of the Union Depot, to give a passing
look at the flourishing Soldiers' Home, stretching its
white length along the pier ! It has certainly done
its best to attract the people's affectionate attention,
not only covering itself with mighty signs, as with a
garment, but crowned with the flag which converts all
places under its shelter into soldiers' homes. As the
representative of our city's hospitalities to the sick
and wounded soldiers, or to any of our national army
who need food and shelter, it has now so good a name
that all who have contributed to its support may
well be proud.
" The last few days have brought an unusual num-
ber to its door. Eastern hospitals are in process of
depletion to make room for new arrivals from Sher-
man's army, of those who have fallen by the way in
the grand march. Convalescents they call these men,
who hobble on crutches about the door and crowd
every available space within the Home limits; yet
each bears his marks of disease or wound, either in
pale face and feeble gait, in useless arm or crippled
limb. But all individual differences are merged in
the one absorbing interest with which the still closed
dining room door is watched. Behind that protecting
barrier all is now bustle and active preparation, and
under the influence of quick fingers the meal is in
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340 FEEDING THE CONVALESCENTS.
readiness, soon enough for the patience even of the
hungry crowd waiting beyond the door. Now the
word is given, and in troops the first . installment of
men, very slowly and feebly — not as they marched
away with Sherman — for these must be carefully
helped to their places at the bountiful table, with
crutches stowed away in close proximity; this one
must have some kind hand to supply the place of the
arm now hanging useless at his side, and another's
morbid appetite craves some variation from the ordi-
nary fare. The guests' names must be recorded, as
accurately as the warfare of knives and forks will
permit, rough Government crutches exchanged for the
comfortably-padded ones furnished by the Sanitary
Commission, and many little deficiencies in clothing
noted and remedied, while the men do justice to the
fare before them. No wonder the faces brighten
under the combined influence of kind words and good
cheer. Did the maker of these marvelous cookies
realize the exquisite relish with which the appetite of
a convalescent regards them ? These vegetables and
apple butter, with which some country Aid Society
has furnished the home larder, are delicious beyond
belief to men so long consigned to salt beef and hard
tack; while the butter and soft bread receive such
special attention, that reinforcements are speedily
required. A low hum of applause and approving
comment runs round the tables ; one and another says,
audibly enough to rejoice the attendant ladies : ^ Well,
this looks like home!' or, ^I havn't seen anything
like this since I left home!' Many pay only the
compliment of full justice to the meal, while here and
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VARIED WANTS. 341
there one summons up courage to make a neat little
speech of thanks as he rises from the table. But
whether silent or complimentary, the feeling of all,
we believe, is expressed in the words of the tall pale
sergeant, who, rising with difficulty on his crutches,
says : ^ Ladies, kind friends ! it is worth the little we
have suffered for our country, to meet such a warm
reception at home.'
" Now the room is finally emptied of its first guests,
and the tables hastily prepared for the second detach-
ment, and then for a third and fourth. All honor to
the worthy Matron that her store room stands bravely
such repeated attacks, and her coffee boiler stoutly
replies to all drafts made upon it. What a relief,
that the last poor fellow who lingered near the table
has fared as well as the first who rushed eagerly in
to the assault! The same programme is repeated
on each occasion, with variations in individual cases.
One forever-helpless man is carried in the arms of a
brother soldier, that he, too, may have the pleasure
of sitting at table with the rest, and he pulls out
the fatal bullet which ^ruined' him, as he says, to
exhibit. Meanwhile there are many in the sleeping
ward, too feeble to care to leave its comfort, whose
taste must be consulted, and to whom food must be
carried. Here one man's wolind needs dressing, an-
other asks for a fresh bandage; a slipper is wanted
for a swollen foot, and a sickly soldier must have
some strengthening remedy from the medicine-chest.
At last all are fed, all rested, and all wants attended
to ; the whistle of the train is heard and the soldiers
depart, with strength enough gained to carry them on
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342 APPEALS FOR AID.
their journey, leaving behind them plenty of good
wishes for the Home. But their departure brings
little rest to the Home corps. The debris must be
removed, and fresh preparations made for the arrival
of the later trains, which may bring as many more
guests to be entertained again and lodged over night."
The Home, even at this time, was comparatively
unknown to the people of Cleveland, its local position
cutting it off from Mendly visits. The Aid Society
found, however, a decided stimulus given by it to the
general work, and were anxious to extend its influ-
ence through the entire system of tributary organ-
izations. The soldiers who came to the Home had
been, many of them, previously aided on battle fields,
in hospitals, in the Homes of the Commission, and
the central oflS^ce possessed the advantage of having
constantly before it some evidence of the results of its
work. With the view of sharing this interest, no less
than in the hope of increasing the material receipts,
the wants of the Home were persistently brought
before the public. As long as practicable, a list of
the soldiers entertained was published weekly. Con-
tributions were always publicly acknowledged, and in
time the reporters of the daily newspapers chronicled
the incidents of the household in a manner thorough
enough to satisfy its most zealous advocates.
Early in the spring of this year the long-hoped-for,
long-delayed exchange of prisoners was made. If the
time had seemed long to those who waited and almost
despaired at home, it had been an eternity to the
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prisoners' letters. 343
prisoners themselves. " What did the men think of
the delay ? " was asked of one who had been for many
months confined in Anderson ville. " We thought the
Government did not know how we were suffering,
and, at last, we believed that we were deserted by
every body — even by our friends. Then some of the
men said there was no God. The married men all died
first ; they would think of home until they got des-
perate. Some of the time we had nothing to cover us
but some sticks stuck in the ground, over which we
stretched strips torn from our clothes. We never
believed the Government would lose by exchanging
us, for we knqw how we should fight if we once got
out of that place."
From time to time, especially as the last winter of
imprisonment approached, letters had come to the
Aid Society from Ohio men, confined in the prisons at
Florence, Ala., and Columbia, S. C. They contained
no demands for luxuries; they asked for the coarsest
soldier's fare, hard tack and army beef, to keep off
starvation. To this some of the men added requests
for clothing, shoes and shirts. The inmates of Sauls-
bury prison suffered more intensely from cold than
from the actual want of food, for with forests in abun-
dance near them, they were forbidden to cut down
even enough wood to build huts or barracks, and
often had only holes dug in the earth to shelter them
in the bitter winter weather.
On the coarsest scraps of old brown paper some
of these letters are written, and have usually more
than one signature, with the prison numbers of the
writers.
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344 HUNGER AND COLD.
" You are requested to lend your aid in the relief of
two members of the 23d Ohio. Both of us are bare
footed and nearly naked, without blankets or shelter
of any kind. It will be necessary to be expeditious,
for the cold winter is fast approaching, and, if some-
thing is not done soon for us, we shall hardly stand
the storms. Some dried fruit would be very thank-
fully received, and perhaps be a good remedy for the
scurvy, as we are both ailing with that disease."
Here follows a list of eatables, flour, bacon and
the size of the shoes so much needed.
One of the men who signed the next letter was a
noble fellow, captured by the rebels while taking care
of a wounded comrade on the field after a battle. He
says: "Excuse the intrusion of strangers. We are
six in number — three of us thirteen months in prison.
We all need shoes, socks, shirts and drawers, and we
crave something substantial to eat, as army bread, etc."
Others wrote because they knew "no one else to
apply to," and were " somewhat acquainted with you
as an agent of the Sanitary Commission," and add :
" Please don't think us too forward."
A fifth letter runs thus : " We have no near friends
to write to for aid. We assume the privilege of wri-
ting your honorable body, asking you to send us a box
of provisions, to help us through the winter. Also,
we would ask you to send us some clothing. We are
very destitute and have scarcely enough to cover our
nakedness. The cold weather is here, and we sup-
pose it will be stiU colder and our sufferings will be
very great, without we can receive something to keep
us warm. We hope this may meet your approbation.
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EXCHANGE OF PRISONEES. 345
and, our prayers accompanying it, we have the assur-
ance to think it will."
The desired clothing and food had been sent, with
little hope that they would reach their destination,
but because it was impossible to do otherwise while
there was the remote chance of the supplies relieving
any suffering Union prisoners. Of their fate this only
was known : a small part of the stores sent by the
Sanitary Commission did actually reach some of the
men, but the vast freight of food and blankets, de-
signed to comfort and succor the starving and freezing
prisoners, was wrecked on the prison bar and glad-
dened the hearts of rebel officials.
But finally the exchange was made. One and
another of the Cleveland men came home, and told of
the fate of others who had starved to death, or died
of actual despair. One said: "When we came near
the camp of our troops at Wilmington, on our way
home, first we heard in the distance a military band,
then we saw, away off, a United States flag, and then
all the boys broke down; they shouted and wept, and
some knelt down to it, and just then the boys from
the camp came out to meet us and brought us every-
thing they could find for us to eat, and the band came
out too and played for us."
From Annapolis, where all the exchanged prisoners
were landed, after the necessary detention to receive
refreshment and allowance of pay, the less feeble
among them obtained a month's furlough and at once
went to their homes. Every day and train now
brought to the Cleveland Soldiers' Home large num-
bers of these men. It seemed as if enough could not
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346 EEBEL MEBCY.
be done for them there. A standing order at this
time was, that all the feeble men among the returned
prisoners should be given milk punch or blackberry
cordial as soon as they arrived, and the same con-
tinued at intervals during their stay, with everything
to eat which they could suggest. With all this care,
some of them died and others lingered there through
long and severe illness. But there were many more
who gained wonderfully in this short rest, and proba-
bly came safely to the end of their journey.
When Richmond was taken and the whole North
rejoicing, it was pitiful to go into the Home wards
and see sitting there, listlessly and despondingly, men
who, suffering for the common cause, were yet shut
out from sharing the general joy.
On the very day which brought the glorious news
of Lee's surrender, a man came to the Home with his
son, whom he had found in the hospital for exchanged
prisoners at Annapolis. He was still a boy, but
paralyzed, partially deaf and with mind hopelessly
clouded. All during their stay he sat perfectly silent,
apparently unable to hear the noisy rejoicings, or even
to comprehend their meaning. He only spoke once ;
a gentleman who was present asked the father what
had caused the son's terrible condition, and catching
the meaning from his pitying expression, the lad said,
slowly and with difficidty, "starvation," and then
relapsed into the same dull state as before.
The first of those who died among the prisoners was
a young Michigan soldier, who was brought, dying,
from the train, but yet begged to be allowed to go on
directly to his own home. He was told that his
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STARVED TO DEATH. 347
motlier would be at once sent for, and a telegram
went immediately to the little village where she lived,
but there was some unforeseen detention of the trains,
or carelessness of messengers, and she did not arrive
until her son had been twenty-four hours dead. Up
to the last moment of consciousness he had talked of
her. That one fond hope of seeing her had almost
power to keep the parting spirit in its mortal frame.
He was so afraid she could not come, or perhaps was
sick, or dead, for her last letter, received in prison,
was dated eight months before. But the mother
came on the next day — a pale, sad woman, dressed
in deepest mourning for another son, killed in the
war, who had been brought home to her, dead, a few
months earlier. "Edwcst," she said, "when he went
away was such a rosy, broad shouldered fellow," and
then she went in and looked at him in his coffin. But
the fleshless, withered skeleton that lay there seemed
never to have been any one's handsome boy. She
took him back to the Michigan village, and not long
afterwards she wrote from there, in these simple and
touching words :
" Agreeable to my promise, I will write you a few
lines to-night, that you may know I am at home in
safety, having arrived last Wednesday afternoon.
The burial took place at two in the afternoon. Sab-
bath, when the wasted body of that dear one was laid
in the grave by the side of his sainted father and
brother, there to await the resurrection mom. I have
a hope in contemplating his death without which I
might be driven to distraction — the hope that my
Edwin has gone to everlasting happiness, and that I
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848 A mother's lettbr.
may one day meet him with his brother who has only
gone before. I believe they are both better off than
with me, yet I so feel the need of them while here,
their love and sympathy seemed so indispensable to
my comfort and enjoyment, that I cannot easily recon-
cile myself to their loss. I assure you it is with much
sadness that I went home, feeling that my boy would
never see me there, yet I felt grateful that I had the
privilege of burying his body with his kinsmen,
instead of having it left in the enemy's land, and I
felt thankful too that he was kindly cared for in his
last moments, that he could feel that though among
strangers, he was with friends that he could put con-
fidence in ; and you will I ever remember with love
and gratitude as a friend to my poor, injured, dying
boy, also others at the Home. The kindness of Cap-
tain Jerome will ever be remembered, likewise of the
Matron and all ; their names I do not remember. I
have not been well since I left Cleveland, but I am
not sick, but keep about and try to work, which goes
hard with me. I wish I could call at the Home once
in a while to see the sick soldiers and help to take
care of them. I think I should like that better than
my own work, for which I have lost ambition. I
would like to hear from you all again." ^
To this soon succeeded the death of another pris-
oner, who, it was at first hoped, would recover by
prompt treatment and good care. For a few days the
small ward rang with his delirious shouts, then fol-
lowed a stupor, broken by only occasional moments
of consciousness, and on Sunday morning, a week after
his arrival, the heavy breathing which had been pain-
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VETERAN BESERVES. 349
fally audible throughout the house, suddenly ceased,
and all was over. His wife had been promptly
informed of his illness, but no answer was received to
the message, nor to the subsequent letters which
announced his death. He was therefore buried from
the Soldiers' Aid Society Booms, where a funeral
service was held, and was carried to the grave by a
squad of soldiers from the Home. His small worldly
eflfects — a little sum of money, the fresh military
clothing, the new leather pocket book, with one entry
and date, and the numerous trifles which had charmed
the eyes of one just free from Salisbury prison —
were all careftilly put aside until their proper guardi-
ans could be discovered. The members of the Albany
Sanitary Commission endeavored to trace the friends
of the soldier, through the faint clue afforded by a
name which, as afterwards appeared, was one assumed
at his enlistment. After six weeks' inquiry the quest
was finally successful, and the remains of the soldier
and his small possessions were sent to his father.
In April of this year, an extension to the dining
room was built, running at right angles with the older
part. Soon afterwards, a company of the Veteran
Keserve Corps, assigned for duty at the depot and
quartered in the adjoining barracks, made application
through their officer for permission to turn the rations
into the Home stores, detail a portion of their number
for service in the establishment, and in return receive
their meals at the Home table. This was finally
agreed to, and proved not an unfavorable arrange-
ment, in view of the subsequent service rendered by
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350 WELCOME TO OHIO SOLDIERS.
the men. From the Sanitary Commission Soup House
two great condensers were obtained to cook meat and
vegetables in large quantities, and these, set up in the
large kitchen, were presided over by two red faced
Veteran Reserve cooks, who reigned supreme in that
domain. Other Veteran Reserves, from the giant
who stepped into its ranks by the loss of a finger,
through the various grades of disability to the actual
cripple, were to be met with at every angle of the
Home building, scrubbing floors, mopping, setting
tables and washing dishes.
When it became known that a Camp of Discharge
would be organized at Cleveland, a meeting of the
City Council was held and an appropriation made to
properly entertain the returning Ohio regiments. A
committee was appointed to take the matter in charge,
who at first proposed to arrange with the Soldiers'
Home to feed these troops, but some doubt being
expressed as to the capacity of the institution, the
contract was given to Messrs. Wheeler and Russell,
the proprietors of the Depot Dining Hall. A long line
of fly tents was pitched under the trees of the Park,
and here all the Ohio soldiers assigned to Camp
Cleveland were feasted. (See Appendix E.) The
Soldiers' Aid Society, confident of the expansive prop-
erties of their Home, would have gladly undertaken
the oflBlce of entertaining the Ohio men, and now
claimed for their share regiments from other States
passing through Cleveland, and the sick of all organi-
zations.
The first anival of these guests was the 20th Mich-
igan Infantry, who sent forward a dispatch on th^ 3d
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AN EARLY BREAKFAST. 351
of June, announcing its coming, three hundred and
forty strong, in three hours' time. A return telegram
invited it to dinner at the Home, and a carriage,
sent through]! the market to collect green vegetables?
soon returaed a moving mass of cucumbers, lettuce,
onions and radishes, surmounted by a great tin can of
milk. Scouts were sent out for bread and cakes, the
condensers, filled with beef and potatoes, were soon in
action, and the dinner prepared as promised in the
invitation hazarded three hours before.
This accomplished successfully, the prospect of a
breakfast at five o'clock, A. M., of the next day, to the
soldiers of a Michigan Battery was really inspiriting.
The train brought them in on time, just after the sun-
rise of a lovely summer Sunday morning. The break-
fast over, a last glimpse was taken of the men, crowd-
ing the decks of the steamer, shouting and tossing up
theii' caps by way of farewell. A score of handker-
chiefs, aprons and towels were waved in return from
the lakeward windows of the Home, and with flags
flying, band playing, the great steamer moved out
with her happy freight, over the blue and sunny
water. Just then some one announced, " Here comes
the 98th Ohio ! " and into the depot rushed the train,
swarming with soldiers, enthusiastic and very hungry.
This was the first arrival of the regiments for Camp
Cleveland, but having been erroneously reported as
assigned to Camp Chase, it found the citizens' com-
mittee unprepared to receive it. Here was a fearful
crisis. Something must be done — but the Sunday
quiet of restaurants was unapproachable. It was
now discovered that Michigan had not despoiled
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352 THE NEW DINING ROOM.
Ohio — there was still something to eat in the Soldiers'
Home, The officers and the sick men were taken
there, and the regiment, formed in double line in the
depot, was regaled with bread and butter, cakes and
plenty of hot coffee from the Home. This answered
until five o'clock in the afternoon, when a proper din-
ner, provided by the citizens' committee, was served
to them in the dining hall at the depot, and they
marched over to Camp Cleveland with music and
banners.
The Home dining room was immediately found
unequal to the demands of such occasions. Mr.
Crawford advised the redemption of the yet unoccu-
pied portion of the pier from its ruinous state, and the
following day a new room was planned, running one
hundred and twenty feet along the dock and connected
by folding doors with the smaller hall. In three days
the building was completed. Mr. L. D. Kucker, Super-
intendent of the Cleveland and Toledo railroad, sent
a special car to Olmstead to bring up the requisite
number of chairs, and the next arrival of troops, seven
hundred soldiers of a Wisconsin regiment, were dined
with little delay. An artist was discovered in the
Veteran Keserve ranks, who employed his genius in
decorating walls and ceilings with designs in colored
paper. Flags and pictures of favorite generals were
suspended beneath the red, white and blue roof, and
the whole effect was gay and patriotic.
After the seven hundred Wisconsin soldiers came
ten hundred and thirty-four from Michigan, followed
quickly by regiments of three, four and five hundred
men, from both these States and from Minnesota,
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^-H
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RIVAL ATTBAonoirs. 35$
almost ad infinitum, and at all kours of day m^
night.
Each regiment had its individual interest, which
gave to every arrival its characteristic. All had their
colors in various stages of honorable mutilation ; some
brought large collections of captured birds and animals,
squirrels and raccoons perched on the men's shoulders,
or curled up on their knapsacks ; others had trains of
little darkies following to new homes in the wonderfdj
North, with round eyes dilating at sight of the cakes and
pies, and who were always called upon after the feast to
exhibit some plantation dances and break downs for
the benefit of the ladies. Many had fine bands of
music, always brought into service on these occasions,
if only a drum corps, A band, with lovely silver
instruments, attached to the 22d Wisconsin, playeij
all one June afternoon from the end of the long
dining hall, and charmed those who listened into
temporary forgetfulness of unswept floors, unwashed
dishes and impending regiments. Occasionally troopp
recently stationed at a military post were accompani^ij.
by wives and children, who drank up the milk, caused
a famine among the sweet things, were seldom civil
and regarded the Home as a convenient hotel.
The preparations for these entertainments were soon
systematized. Early notice of the expected arrival of
troops was sent to the Aid Rooms from the different
railroad offices, but once or twice, through some
failure in reports, the shortest imaginable time was
allowed for preparation. Such an electrifying diBpatcJi
as this would come, per breathless messenger: "Sevep
hundred soldiers will be at Cleveland in half an hour ! "
3S
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354 A BILL OF FAEE.
Three, four, even five hours was brief time when every
thing had to be purchased and cooked, and in these
desperate circumstances a carriage would be sent
around to collect volunteers, and another dispatched
to the market to find bread, meat and vegetables. A
short experience sufficed to reveal the proper wires to
be pulled to extract impossible performances from the
German baker, who quivered with horror at " so many-
breads" being expected in an hour. The bread was
always forthcoming, and the beef and vegetables. On
Sunday, the railroad tracks being comparatively free,
the special trains conveying soldiers were usually put
on, and this became no unfrequent spectacle — a car-
riage, with some of the Aid Society ladies, driving
from baker's to butcher's house, invading the Sabbath
leisure of these individuals at the church-going hour,
in search of something to give a regiment of hungry
soldiers. That they were hungry none can doubt who
reads the superintendent's list of what was necessary
to feed five hundred men: "One hundred and thirty-
five! pies, one half barrel ginger cakes, one thousand
small cakes, one half barrel apple sauce, three hundred
loaves bread, three hundred pounds beef, one half
barrel pickles, thirty quarts milk, one half barrel
crackers, one barrel potatoes, two and one half barrels
coffee, one barrel vegetables."
If the time allowed to prepare and serve these meals
was short, the superintendents of the railroads were
most kind and indulgent, and the Home has no failure
to record. An exception was the case of a New York
cavalry regiment, which was first discovered in the
depot and could only be invited to make a flying
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THE BESEBYE FOBOE. 355
descent upon the tables, already laid for breakfast.
Everything upon them was carried off and then, the
baker having just made his morning visit, all hands
were marshaled to cut open the fresh loaves, insert a
lump of butter in each and dispatch them to the
soldiers remaining in the train.
A number of ladies connected with the Aid Society
held themselves in readiness for such occasions, when
it became necessary to seek more assistance than the
officers of the Society and the Home employes could
supply. Among these were Mrs. D. Chittenden,
Mrs. Kandall Crawford, Mrs. William Cushing,
Mrs. J. O. Seymour, Mrs. Knowlton, Mrs. J. Hay-
ward, Mrs. C. D. Brayton, Mrs. C. A. Terry, Mrs.
K. F. Paine, Mrs. J. M. Richards, Misses Kellogg,
Mrs. S. Williamson, Mrs. William T. Smith, Miss
Sara Mahan, Mrs. E. L. Miller, Miss Annie Bald-
win, Miss Carrie Younglove, Mrs. Peter Thatcher,
Mrs. Clark Warren, Mrs. Charles Wheeler, Mrs.
George Willey, Miss Vaughan.
It is also due the President of the Aid Society, Mrs.
B. Rouse, to record her unfailing attendance at the
Home on these and, indeed, all occasions. Her energy
and activity, notwithstanding her years and feeble
health, put to the blush many who were younger and
more robust.
In this connection should properly be mentioned
many kindnesses received, not only at this time but
also during every period of the history of the Home '
and Depot Hospital, from those attached to the rail-
road offices or employed in the depot. Of the favors
extended to the Society by the Superintendents of
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356 GENEEOUS BAILBOAD COMPAIOES.
railroads centering in the city, Messrs. E. S. Flint and
Robert Blee, of the Cleveland and Columbus road,
Henry Nottingham, of the Cleveland, Painesville and
Ashtabula, J. H. Devereux, of the Cleveland and Pitts-
burgh, L. D. RucKER, of the Cleveland and Toledo
and of Captain L. A. Pierce, Agent of the Michigan
Central, mention has already been made. How valu-
able their assistance was can be readily seen when it
is stated that more than two thirds of the transpor-
tation issued to soldiers was on passes granted to the
Society by the railroad companies, and the record
falls far short of the actual number aided in this way.
The generous interest called forth by the sufferings of
the soldiers extended to those who had charge of the
relief work, and the managers of the Home also record
with pleasure the kindness of Messrs. Wheelei^ and
Russell, Depot Master C. S. Robinson, Mr. George
Stowell, and Depot Officers Van Htjsen and Clark
Warren, the latter of whom rendered valuable ser-
vice in the Depot Hospital. Mr. H. S. Stevens, of
the Omnibus company, put at the disposal of the regu-
lar visitors to the Home a seat in the vehicles of this
line, and also supplied a permanent pass to the
officers of the Society and to the superintendent and
matron of the Home. H. Geer & Co. on many occa-
sions gave the use of a carriage to the Society, in some
cases of emergency when troops were expected, or when
a sick soldier was to be carried to and from the trains.
feeding a brigade.
The largest number of men entertained at one time
was a brigade numbering thirteen hundred and fifty
men, which arrived on the 29th of July.
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ENTERTAINING A BRIGADE. 357
This brigade, consisting of the 37tli and 38tli Wis-
consin and 27tli Michigan, whose arrival had all day
been postponed from one hour to the next, it was at
length definitely settled would be at Cleveland at 12
o'clock, midnight ; so there was no sleep to be had,
except in stolen snatches, sitting upright in the hardest
of chairs, with ears on the alert to catch the first dis-
tant whistle of the expected train. Of course no one
at first intended to be sleepy. In the earlier part of
the evening all found enough to do in the manifold
preparations for thirteen hundred men. The ladies
cut bushels of bread, cake and pies in the upper
kitchen, and marshaled and assisted their temporary
command of Veteran Reserves in the task of setting
the tables in great and small dining rooms. Veteran
Reserves were omnipresent — staggering under the
weight of trays of plates and dishes, or carrying great
baskets of edibles, to be distributed on the long rows
of tables. On the disposition of this force the com-
manding officers prided themselves not a little — all
the lame men sat at the tables assisting in cutting the
bread and cake, which the <?n^-armed men built up
into tasteful monuments on the designated plates, and
those so unfortunate as to possess both arms and legs
were expected to be generally useful. Certain of the
number, as well as the Home employes, had a definite
post assigned each. One presided over the coffee —
no slight task where six great caskfuls are required —
another superintended the slicing of the beef from the
cauldrons, and others still the boiling of potatoes by
the barrel, while the evil genius of a third unhappy
group condemned them to peel innumerable little
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358 A MIDKIGHT MEAL.
green onions. Every one was busy and animated,
even to the small boys who, having nothing else to
do, stimulated the energy of the working force by
divers false alarms brought in from the outer dark-
ness. The guard was posted and dropped calmly
to sleep; the tables were finally surveyed and the
most anxious scrutiny employed to discover possible
flaws in quantity or quality; also the corps de reserve
of edibles, mountain high, was pronounced sufficient
to feed the army of the Cumberland. Then the ladies
in the matron's room and the soldiers in the great
kitchen formed into groups, laughed, chatted, grew
drowsy, and finally fell asleep, and for two hours
nothing was heard but the waves of Lake Erie dash-
ing up against the pier beneath the Soldiers' Home.
Suddenly, about 2 o'clock, A. M., a faint whistle —
the very ghost of a sound — changed the silent scene
in a moment into one of the most active life. Gas
lights blazed up all over the house, the fiimes of coffee
rose on the air, and for the fifteen minutes before the
soldiers actually arrived, every one needed ten pairs
of hands and feet. An eager crowd, armed with plates,
surrounded the steaming boilers of potatoes, while a
similar group, provided with tin pails and kettles,
assailed and aggravated the presiding genius at the
coffee casks. The corps detailed for duty at the long
rows of wash basins, hastened to its post, and soon
lanterns were shining along the depot walls to light
up the festive preparations. At this juncture the
superintendent, assuming his lantern and badge of
office, and accompanied by the steward and a detach-
ment to attend the sick of the brigade, sallied forth
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OMIT AIR TOILETS. 359
to meet the train. It was hardly necessary to tell the
soldiers what was in store for them. Every man
knew what the dispatch ran forward to say that
afternoon, and every eye was watching the long low
building with its many brilliant windows — the only
bright spot in the blackness of 2 o'clock, A. M. So the
train was speedily emptied, the men fell into ranks,
the band struck up a lively tune, and the line of
march was taken up for the Soldiers' Home. Here
they halted, stacked arms, and the commanding officer
informed the men that before partaking of the sup-
per provided by the patriotic ladies of Cleveland
an opportunity would be given them to wash their
faces and hands. On this arose a tumultuous hurrah !
and all charged pell mell on the line of tin basins,
which for ten minutes was a scene of wildest confu-
sion. The water plashed, faces shone, pocket combs
were circulated and the result was a general and
pervading atmosphere of soap and water. Even with
this civilizing influence, the brown rugged ranks of
veterans looked formidable enough in the half light,
though drawn up for a peaceful attack.
The few moments' grace thus obtained, was precious
indeed to the busy throng within the Home, who
congratulated each other that the divided train brought
only a portion pi the number as a first detachment.
Fortunately, by the time the toilets were completed,
every thing was ready — five hundred bowls of steam-,
ing coffee were poured out, the dining room doors
thrown open and, marshaled by the superintendent,
who temporarily ranked generals and colonels, in filed
the hungry soldiers. That was a charming sight to
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860 PBOGBESS OF THE FEAST.
their entertainers — such looks of eager anticipation
settling into joyful certainty, as the eye took in the
light, the flowers, the smiling welcome, the home like
look of the white covered tables, and, certainly not
least, the variety and profusion of food heaped thereon.
The first murmur of surprise and applause was a
delightful sound, and not less so the subsequent clat-
ter of knives and forks and the hum of many animated
voices. The large dining hall was soon filled, next
the smaller one, yet all were not seated. However,
being earnestly assured that a second table would
soon be prepared — though only half convinced that
anything could equal that first glimpse of sumptuous
fare — the remnant withdrew and gave their attention
to the casks of iced water and lemonade standing
beside the Home door.
Within, the feast progressed with wonderful rapid-
ity. An appointed number of ladies who, with a
detail of Veteran Keserves, were assigned for duty at
the different tables, again and again filled the bowls
with hot coffee and replenished the fast disappearing
mountains of bread and meat. Occasionally one
would stumble over a small and unhappy yellow
secesh dog who accompanied his conquerors and
refused to remain concealed under the table. The
attendants likewise combined with their other duties
the agreeable task of drinking in the expressions of
approval which, as the feast slackened, fell from all
lips; also of listening, with calm conviction, to the
universal decision of the infinite superiority of the
supper under consideration to any ever provided by
other corporation or town.
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nnrALiD diet. 361
In the smaller dining room, the officers of the
brigade supped at a table only differing from the
others in the non-essential privilege accorded of put-
ting the milk and sugar into each cup according
to individual taste. And the sick — those at least
who could crawl to the table — had their appointed
place and a bevy of anxious and eager attendants.
Being excepted from the general uniformity, the appe-
tite of each invalid was consulted, and the kitchen
stove soon covered with innumerable little messes,
hastily prepared to suit a sick man's fancy, and served
with sympathizing words and glances, which doubtless
added greatly to the flavor. This was evident, for
the patients generally showed a laudable inclination
to eat through the bill of fare in addition to this
invalid diet. There were also sick in the wards who
claimed attention. Under the steward's charge, each
man had received clean clothing and the necessary
medicine or stimulants required by his condition, and
was now at liberty to select anything which seemed
tempting within the pantry's limits. This food being
prepared, was taken to the ward and arranged on
tables, ornamented each with a bouquet stolen from
the dining room.
By this time the rooms were emptied of the last
remaining guests, and not a moment could be lost in
removing the frag^ients of the meal and restoring the
tables to their first freshness, for the second train was
at hand and, flattening their faces against the windows
and pressing aroimd the doors, were the disappointed
ones of installment number one. The universal haste,
half laughing, half desperate, was stimulated now by
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36^ JOHl^IirY COMES 31ARCH1NG HOME.
the sound of many voices and feet without, announcing
the arrival of the remaining eight hundred and fifty
soldiers. In the lower kitchen a dense white steam
enveloped the heated and excited group of dish
washers, preparing a third supply of plates and dishes,
while down the dining room flowed a tide of men and
women, with trays of butter plates and towers of pies,
which met an opposing phalanx of empty dishes,
streaming up to the kitchen. At this juncture the
General commanding the brigade proposed that the
Glee Club of the Michigan regiment should favor the
Cleveland ladies with a selection of patriotic songs.
So a file of bright, half shy, half amused, young sol-
diers took up their station against the wall, out of
reach of impending collisions, and above the confusion
of tongues, the sound of hurrying feet and the clash-
ing of forks and dishes, rose the strains of " Tramp,
Tramp," the "Blue Cockade" and "Johnny Comes
Marching Home," sung with spirit and sweetness.
Eveiy one found a moment to lay aside her occupation
and applaud the young musicians, in spite of the pre-
monitory sounds without the closed door.
Afc last, in a really brief space of time, the rooms
were again thrown open and again filled with a
second throng, rather more hungry than their prede-
cessors. Up to this point there had been no signs
of failure in the pantry, but the experienced ones
began to consider with nervous dread the probability
of its enduring another attack from the four hun-
dred remaining guests, who would certainly come
with trebly aggravated appetites. Four hundred tall,
strong Wisconsin men were patiently awaiting their
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BEPABTTTBK. 363
share in the good things so glowingly described by
their comrades. There was no time to lose in these
reflections. The tables were set the third time by
weary people, whose hands moved less briskly and
whose feet seemed strangely to adhere to the oft
traversed floor. Finally all was ready and ample in
every respect, to the general surprise and delight.
No such genuine expressions of grateful appreciation
fell from any as from these Wisconsin soldiers who,
waiting in the chill summer twilight, must hfve
doubted whether any one house could contain enough
to feed thirteen hundred as hungry men. Before the
last lingering guests had left the tables — including
the numerous little negroes, whose pockets bore ample
evidence to the sympathy of the attendant ladies —
the bugle sounded its shrill call and away they all
scampered, hands and mouths fall. Every one in the
Home crowded to doors and windows to see the host
depart. The first signs of morning were red in the
east when the line formed again from the extreme
limits of the watery territory, and when all was ready
the officer in command told the soldiers to give the
Home and the ladies of the Sanitary Commission
three cheers. Then ensued a deafening shout, accom-
panied by innumerable individual greetings, the band
struck up again, handkerchiefs were waved and the
brigade moved off in a tumult of cheers, good vrishes
and good byes. Then the people at the doors went
slowly in to breakfast and were electrified by the
announcement of another regiment to be expected at
noon.
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364 THE HOSPITAL BEPABTMENT.
All these troops brought sick men with them ; in
the baggage cars of the train there were always
some haggard miserable victims of ague and fever —
for not a man of them would consent to let the boys
come home and leave him behind. By the time
Cleveland was reached, those who had undertaken
the journey when unfit to bear its fatigues, were
obliged to remain at the Home until they could be
taken to the Camp Cleveland hospital or join their
refiments. The steward of the Soldiers' Home at
this time was a discharged soldier, Jokn Schwab, who
had been appointed to the position in March, 1865,
and was one of the kindest, most capable and atten-
tive nurses with which a sick man was ever blessed.
His hospital staff consisted of two convalescent soldiers,
detailed to act as his assistants and recruited from the
guests of the household, many of whom had often
before acted in this capacity. The medicine chest and
the stores of lint, bandages and plasters were under
the steward's charge, and his skill in dressing wounds,
with quickness and tenderness, made his services of
great value.
Although others of the Cleveland surgeons occa-
sionally prescribed for the Home patients, — Drs.
Elisha Sterling and Peoctor Thayer having each
attended a patient through a severe surgical case, —
the physician of the establishment was in fact Dr.
Charles A. Terry, who paid four or five hundred
gratuitous visits to the sick men there, and, after the
Home was closed, continued his services whenever
they were required for an invalid soldier or his family.
It was amusing to see how stoutly all the sick men
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A SUBMISSIVE PATIENT. 365
at first refused to stay, when the others went on, even
if evidently seriously ilL But after a day or two a
reaction would take place ; what was passing around
them began to amuse them a little, their food was
excellent, their quarters comfortable, and the interest
taken in their cases, their tastes and comfort by the
ladies of the Home, in time worked a marvelous
change. A Massachusetts regiment left behind it
several most unhappy homesick men, who shook with
ague chills and pined with disappointment for a day
or two, then cheered up amazingly, laughed, ate, got
well and went home in high spirits. One of them, a
sweet-looking boyish soldier, shed a few tears when
he said good bye. " And, O, Averill," cried a pru-
dent lady, as he went away, " you have forgotten to
take your quinine !" whereupon submissively he tossed
off a bumper of the pleasing beverage and was gone.
"Miss," said the steward solemnly, "he had just taken
his usual dose and he thinks it's poisonous ! " Could
any one demand a stronger proof of gratitude ? It did
not seem deadly in its effects ; he and the other men
got safely to Massachusetts and wrote back to tell of
their arrival and of their favorable opinion of the
Home.
Another Wisconsin soldier, who l^y in the comer
of the ward through what had nearly proved a fatal
illness, seemed insensible to all the care and kindness
which could be shown him, yet surprised one of his
" liebe jfreunde " by sending, with some money which
was loaned him for the journey, a grateful letter, of
which this is a portion translated from its native
German. " You have been my best friends. As long
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366 CRIPPLED COBRESPOin)ENTS.
as I live I will thank you. Do not think badly of me
that I have not written before. If you ever come to
our neighborhood you must make us a visit. My
father and mother greet you a thousand times because
you helped me in my great distress."
A third patient writes : " I am gaining my strength.
I think I should never have got home if it had not
been for your kindness to me. I owe my life to you,
for which you have my sincere thanks. It is a noble
institution and I hope it will be prospered."
And a fourth: "I return the five dollars you so
kindly loaned me to bear my expenses out. I feel
under great obligations to be grateful to you for this
as well as many other favors I have received from
your excellent institution, I shall ever hold the
Soldiers' Home in grateful remembrance. It is one of
the bright spots in life that memory loves to dwell
upon."
In turning over the volumes which hold these
letters, the men who wrote them are one by one
recalled. Here is a correspondent who had lost a leg,
another an arm, a third was consumptive. They had
all seen many hardships in the field and some of them
in prison ; but not one of the brave fellows remembered
that as a title to the consideration of their countrymen
and women. The letters are full of the kindness
received at the Home as something delightfully unex-
pected and certainly not merited.
THE WOUNDED OF THE 103D OHIO.
On the 19th of June the 103d Ohio was reported
as en route for Camp Cleveland, but at the time
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THE WOUNDED AT ALTOONA. 36^
appointed for the arrival, 9 o'clock, A. M., of the next
day, instead of the expected regiment came dispatches
announcing a catastrophe to the train near Altoona,
Pa. The city was full of anxious friends, for the 103d
had been recniited in Northern Ohio, several compa-
nies in Cleveland. There stood, that sunny morniug,
the tents in the Park, gay with flags, the tables laid
for the feast, and all through the streets were women
and children, with nosegays of June roses and pinks
for the soldiers. There were a few hours of anxiety
and uncertainty — no one knew definitely who were
injured, or whether the regiment was involved in
general disaster. But, as the long day wore on, the
confused messages that first came were modified by
more accurate reports, although the dreadful fact
remained that three strong young soldiers, who had
survived the perils of a four years' war, lay dead at
Altoona, and twenty or thirty others were more or
less injured.
The first thought in the minds of those who had
friends or brothers among the wounded, was to go
directly to Altoona, and often during the day was
the question asked at the Aid Eooms, " Can you not
help me to get there ? " But, before any of the auxious
souls could start on their journey, a message came
from the wounded men themselves ; they would be in
Cleveland with the regiment on the next day, all of
them, at least, whose injuiies would bear removal.
These were legitimate guests of the Soldiers' Home,
and it was resolved to make their arrival a festival
occasion.
At 12 o'clock the train was due, and long before
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868 A SAD BETURN.
that hour a dense crowd had collected at the depot
The train came into the midst of a little tempest of
cheers and fluttering handkerchiefs. The women cried,
the band opened its brass throat, and, when the noisy-
welcome was over, the regiment marched away, wind-
ing like a gay ribbon along the dusty hill, with the
old colors flying, pretty bouquets crowning the bright
bayonets, and gorgeous necklaces of brilliant flowers
embarrassing the officers they distinguished.
From the improvised hospital cars of the train the
superintendent and his assistants brought to the
Home the wounded men, some on stretchers, carrying
others, and followed by all who could help themselves
by means of a stout cane or crutch. It was a sad
return, nor could the poor fellows help feeling it, and
hardly less so did their comrades who marched away
to the gay music. The men were taken to the pleas-
antest ward, sweet with its holiday bouquet and cool
with the breezes from the lake, and here a vigorous
bathing and renovation took place. The wounds were
dressed, the worn and stained uniforms replaced by
fresh cotton clothing, and now the barometer began
to indicate fair weather. Dust and heat were things
of the past. Visitors were admitted, and through the
open door crept a promise of dinner.
Every man had now a glass of iced lemonade or
milk punch. A little book was produced and the
day-dream of each in the way of dinner recorded.
The bill of fare had no limitations, and caused laugh-
ter and amusement even among the most despondent
invalids. One wanted eggs, another fresh meat and
vegetables; every man asked for fruit and a potato.
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A DINNEE PABTT. 369
A round table was brought into the ward, cups and
saucers arranged, and never was dinner party more
thoroughly enjoyed, although the guests were obliged
to follow the oriental custom of reclining at the meal.
A smaller table was drawn to each bed, the men
propped up on pillows, and the room soon filled with
merry voices. Later in the day, when their place
of retreat became known, friends and relatives came
pouring in, until each invalid's bed was the centre of
some family group. Among them, too, were many
sympathizers, with cakes, custard and other good things
unsuitable for an invalid, but of which — forgetting
dinner past and consequences possible — all the pa-
tients did cordially partake.
For three days the heroes of the Altoona disaster
were made as happy as their fractures and bruises
would allow, and then each, as he regained his
strength, went to his own home and kindred.
The majority of troops hitherto entertained were
from Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota, but in July
and August the troops on duty in the Mississippi
States, generally New England and New York regi-
ments, began arriving, bringing plenty of ague patients.
As long as the Home existed, regular troops in transit
in the line of the service received the same attention
that was paid to volunteers. The 6th United States
Cavalry was the only complete regiment entertained,
the others being merely squads of recruits.
To these successive regiments, with their sick requir-
ing all the care which a hospital affords, was of course
added the daily tide of individual soldiers, arriving
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370 THE CEUEL WAB IS OVER
tad departing, to be fed, lodged and specially relieved
in many ways. All day in the Home dining room
stood a table already laid for whatever meal might
happen to be required — breakfast, dinner, supper.
From the early daylight boat to the latest evening
train, any soldier might come, lay aside his knapsack,
find a comfortable meal, with plenty of hot coffee,
provided for him, and go on his way without detention.
When the war was really over and every day
brought some regiment on its homeward way, there
was not a soldier yet undischarged who did not pine
to get out of the service. They began to hate their
uniforms as a badge of continued obligation. They
wanted to be with their old companies — going home
and welcomed by townsmen and sweethearts. Men
^who had been brave soldiers for four years of war,
grumbled at serving after the rebels were conquered
It was wonderful what magic lay in the yellow dis-
charge paper. It represented going home to wife and
children, and once more becoming a citizen. The
armies of irrepressible soldiers, who were to convert
the Republic into a military despotism and fight each
other when there was no one else to kill, melted si-
lently away, and instead there were so many more
clerks, laborers, mechanics, who were only too glad to
beat their spears into pruning hooks, and to hang up
their muskets peacefully on the wall.
One splendid looking soldier, who belonged to a
regiment discharged at Camp Cleveland, was afflicted
with persistent ague, and, some eiTor occurring in his
papers, was obliged to remain temporarily at the
Home. He sat there for days, sulky and sullen as a
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MUSTERED OUT. 371
caged lion, but after one lucky visit to the paymaster,
came in radiant, in citizen's clothing, emitting cheerful-
ness and good humor from every pore, 'the shabby
soldier dress discarded — Kichard himself again !
When the order came releasing from the service
members of the Veteran Keserve Corps whose original
regiments were already mustered out, all hope of any
further work from those at the Home was over. Ket-
tles and dish pans were deserted, while all day long a
little crowd could be found at the paymaster's office,
awaiting the turn to settle accounts with Uncle Sam.
Sometimes they were kept kicking their heels at his
door for several days, but the money once safely in
pocket — away to the tailor !
There was one tall fellow, simple minded as a baby,
who was always bursting with little bits of family
histoiy and small confidences. He delighted to exhibit
the picture of his wife, and to ask : " Well, now, don't
she look smart ? " Then he would tell what a brisk
little body she was, and how she had worked as a dress-
maker while he was in the war — all with honest pride.
One afternoon B., who had cast aside his cook's apron
with the rest to dance attendance upon the paymaster,
came into the Aid Koom office with the inevitable
russet portmanteau — always the first purchase — and
putting it down, opened its treasures for inspection.
''Now, how much do you^suppose I paid for this ? " he
demanded at each article, — then overwhelmed his audi-
ence by announcing its surprising cheapness. When
the last great bargain was replaced, the honest fellow's
heart failed him ; tears stood in his eyes as he said : "We
never shall meet here again but I hope we may in
heaven," and so went home to his smart little wife.
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372 ELOQUENT GUESTS.
It was pleasant to know what interest those soldiers
who remained any length of time at the Home, espe-
cially if they had been sick there, took in its affaira
Some of them ooold believe that their own mothers
and sisters had a share in providing its comforts; but
to most of them the charm consisted in their coming
from those to whom they were strangers, except for
their service sake. On a meal ticket, perhaps, some
shy guest became eloquent. "Thanks to Ohio for the
kindness I have received at the Home, and may God
reward its benefactors." Enclosed in a neat border of
scallops, another one wrote, on the comer of a book :
" The thanks of the soldiers are due to the attendants
of the Home for their kindness to sick soldiers."
They would often write, from their own homes, from
the hospital or regiment, perhaps saying: "You may
remember me as the soldier who had a scar across the
face." A man who had been several months at the
Home as guest and afterwards as assistant to the
steward, wrote: "I hope you will not think me pre-
sumptuous when I address you as friend, for I am sure
I never met a stranger anywhere who took half the
interest in my welfare," and then follow his little
items of domestic news and plans for the future. One
poor broken down fellow, whose sufferings and temp-
tations must have long since ended, left the Home in
a fit of remorse, because, " My spirit would not allow
me longer to feed upon the bread of charity, although
I knew I was welcome by all of those connected with
that best institution that the world ever saw." Extrav-
agant language, but excusable in a man who had no
home of his own to die in.
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RAIDERS AND MALCOKTEKTS. 373
The supply work at the Aid Eooms was still in full
force, for in the field was an undischarged army,
requiring the aid of the Sanitary Commission's vege-
table trains to defy the attacks of scurvy, and the
newly found peace had not yet depleted the hospitals,
filled with the wounded of the last great battles.
The claimants from the camp for the stores of the
Aid Society now assumed formidable numbers. A
detention, sometimes of a week or two, before each
regiment was paid off, was impatiently endured by
the soldiers. Their clothing bore such marks of the
famous march through Georgia, that it was often
hardly adapted for the inspection of the civilized
world, and the wearers, who had expected to be at
once discharged, were painfully conscious of this. It
was discovered that the Soldi^s' Aid Society had
various useful and comfortable articles on hand. One
soldier came and then another, until finally the Aid
Booms were filled with such visitors from early morn-
ing until night. The articles obtained were not valu-
able, but a clean handkerchief, a pair of gtockings, or
a cotton shirt made the recipient for the time quite
happy. Their thanks, unfortunately, were often accom-
panied by such unexpected remarks as this : " Well,
this is the first thing I ever got from the Sanitary," or,
"You don't see the Sanitary out of Ohio." " What,"
some lady would exclaim, "did you never get any
vegetables?" "Yes, we had potatoes and onions,
but never any fruit." The men who complained, it
appeared, had never been in hospital since their enlist-
ment, and to each one it was carefully explained that
the work of the Sanitary Commission was, save in the
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374 FOURTH OF JULY BANQUET**
distribution of anti-scorbutics, confined to the hospitals.
If all who felt themselves thus aggrieved admitted to
having eaten Sanitary Commission vegetables, to hav-
ing lodged and dined at the Soldiers' Homes, and yet
had never been on the hospital list, the inference was
clear that they had received their full share of the
Sanitary Commission benefits. Convinced of this or
not, they still came — sometimes almost a whole com-
pany would be found seated in front of the Aid
Rooms, patiently awaiting the unlocking of the doon
It became even necessary to barricade the centre of
the room, to separate the eager guests from the busi-
ness of the Society.
Many of the soldiers' families now drew supplies of
cooked food from the Home. After a regiment had
been fed there was often a quantity of cut bread and
meat remaining, which was distributed according to a
list of such families, kept for the purpose. Once the
non-arrival of an expected New York regiment left a
houseful of cooked provisions on hand, which were
loaded upon drays and express wagons and sent to
every soldier's wife within reach.
The Fourth of July dinner, given by the citizens of
Cleveland to the regiments in camp, the patients in
the hospital and veteran soldiers generally, was served
at the Home by request of the committee having the
matter in charge. It was not a trifling affair nor
easily prepared. A regiment preceded it and another
breakfasted off the remains, while the dinner was skil-
fully sandwiched between the two. In fact when the
tables were actually laid, in all the glory of holiday
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TDE LITTLE SAILOB. 375
preparation, a detachment of two hundred convales-
cents, on their way to a Michigan hospital, arrived
by the Eastern train, without announcement. They
were, of course, seated at the tables and regaled with
a portion of the puddings and pies for which the
soldiers in the Park were sharpening their appetites,
under the influence of the Fourth of July oration. No
one enjoyed the nice things more than the sick men
who first tasted their quality. As soon as these were
dispatched, every man in the establishment was pressed
into service, whether one-armed or one-legged, and, the
stock of food holding out, the tables were restored
before the sound of the band became audible, and the
long, dusty procession drew up expectant at the
doors. Accompanying it in omnibuses and carriages,
which blossomed out with flags, came the lame, the
halt and the blind from the hospital at Camp Cleve-
land— men whose faces from many visits paid to the
Bank street Booms had become familiar and welcome.
Two deaths occurred, almost in the midst of these
festivities. While the dinner was in progress, a little
sailor, from the Mississippi squadron, who had been
lying for months in hospital at Mound City, was
brought from the railroad train and placed upon a
bed in the farther ward, remote as possible from the
noise and music. Such a delicate child-like face lay
on the pillow, with eyes dark and long lashed, whose
sad and patient expression had grown through slow
and wasting disease. To an inexperienced observer
he showed no sign of illness, except, perhaps, in exces-
sive debility, and, as he lay quietly through the hot
day, he looked like a pretty boy sleeping away the
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376 THE PRODIGAL SOIif.
fatigue of play. But the decision of the physician
was imperative — his parents must be at once sent for.
They came the next morning — two plain, elderly
people whose Benjamin this son evidently was — and
through the day they hung over him, trying a hundred
simple country remedies from their home experience,
burning brandy and making tea or gruel in the hope
of reviving his failing strength. But the loving care
was useless, for with no farther suffering he sank
rapidly, and died before evening.
Another, a government employe, brought the same
evening to the Home, lived two days, but died before
his parents could come to him. This, his old father
said, was a long absent son who had left them years
before, and he burst into a passion of tears when told
that he was too late to see him living.
On the 6th of July, Company D, of the 6th Veteran
Reserves, was ordered again to Johnson's Island, and
in the following August, a company of the 22d Regi-
ment of the same Corps, stationed at the camp, was
detailed for duty at the Depot. The men occupied
the old quarters, gradually crept into their predeces-
sors' places, washed dishes, swept floors, cooked and
waited upon the sick. Their term of service only
extended over three weeks.
Quite a number of men whose regiments were dis-
charged at Camp Cleveland and who failed to receive
their pay through some informality in their papers,
applied for permission to remain at the Home until
the fault could be rectified. This was generally
granted on condition of their services being made
available in the duties of the household.
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THE HOSPfTAL LBaACY. $71
In August the U. S. General Hospital at Camp
Cleveland was broken up, and those patients whose
removal to Camp Dennison seemed inexpedient, were
transferred to the care of the Soldiers' Home. One, a
sensitive and nervous lad, who had suffered long with
a painful disease, found the neighborhood of the depot
quite unbearable, and was removed to a country
village, where the expenses of his illness were borne
by the Aid Society. There he lingered a few weeks,
sending for and receiving some small luxuries from
the Soldiers' Home, which only relieved his restless
longings for the moment, but could give him no lasting
relief. One of the eager little notes is here, written
by a patient, much-enduring sister, who watched him
so finithfally and now too lies at rest with him : " I
know you will do anything for a soldier's comfort, and
will help me as much as you can, for the short time
my brother has to stay here. He says he hopes he
will soon be in heaven, pleading before the throne of
Mercy a great reward for your kindness to him, as he
can not return it by any reward in this world."
Another patient had been once before at the Home,
just after suffering amputation of both limbs, which
were crushed under a railroad car. He had now a
cheerful position in the ward assigned him, where he
could easily see and be amused by what passed
around him. Sometimes the steward would mount
him upon his back and cany him around the depot,
or the piers, for a little change of air and scene, while
an occasional drive through the city gave him inex-
pressible pleasure. When able to travel, he was sent,
under charge of the steward of the Home, to Phila-
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378 A FLOURISHING BUSINESS.
delphia to procure his artificial legs, and, pending their
manufacture, was left at the Sanitary Commission
Lodge. Six weeks later a proud and happy moment
arrived. He walked into the Home on what he called
his " artificials," with only the help of a cane. Every
visitor was called upon to admire the newly acquired
faculty. A pension was afterwards procured for him
by special act of Congress — as his accident, having
occurred while on furlough, precluded him from claim-
ing one under existing laws. He tried, but not suc-
cessfully, to work at his old trade of shoe making,
and finally drifted into his proper place, the National
Asylum.
Men, injured to the extent of losing both limbs,
were rarely fit for any continuous employment, even
of a simple and light nature. So great was the shock
to the nervous system, that a quiet, unexciting exis-
tence in some institution, where their wants were
attended to and the future gave them no anxiety, was
generally the climax of their ambition.
On the 1st of May, 1865, a new and flourishing
business had been inaugurated in the organization of
the former irregular efforts to obtain work for dis-
charged soldiers, into an Employment Agency. A
system, drawn up and recommended by the Central
Bureau of the Sanitary Commission, was adopted, and
books opened, which were furnished by it to all the
Branch Agencies. This new department began in
the late summer and autumn to furnish numerous
guests to the Home, forming a fair proportion of all
the applicants registered at the Aid Rooms. In the
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WANTED, EMPLOYMENT. 379
case of disabled soldiers, a temporary admission, even
for a few days, was often necessary, until the occupa-
tions to which they were best adapted could be found.
Even to men not crippled, but compelled by long
absence from business almost to commence the world
anew, it was a benefit to be enabled, without loss to
their small means, to procure the employment most
suitable to their tastes and ability. The Agency was
advertised and applications for registration were
received by letter as well as in person. It was not
always easy to adapt the supply to the demand, so
many of the applicants were unable to perform full
labor, and the positions where light work was required
were not readily found nor always desirable.
"Being a discharged soldier, and having contracted
a set of weak lungs in the service — by the way, was
in four years — I thought I would make an appeal to
you for a situation."
"Two. fingers shot away and my left shoulder bro-
ken at Spottsylvania Court House. Since then I have
not been able to do anything. The ball is still in my
breast near the heart, and I am not able to do very
hard work. I would like to be brakesman on a train,
as work in a close room hurts me to breathe."
"I write to know if you could find a wounded
soldier some light employment. I was wounded at
Antietam. I shall always be a cripple. My wound
has never healed. I had a home when I enlisted, but
have been obliged to part with it ; everything is so
high these past two years. I was the first man who
enlisted in the town where I live. I see no way of
supporting my wife and child through the coming
dreary winter."
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380 AK AFFLICTING END0E8EMENT.
" Do, please, try and get me something to do ; my
application is the one hundred and eighty-seventh. I
don't care what it is, so that it is honest work."
And from a despondent one-legged Teuton :
" Ladies, my desire is to say that I have not a place
to work yet. It is allmost encouraging. I was up to
see they man again who wanted me to sprinkle they
streets, but no advise was given to me. My wish is to
see him to Day and if not A proper answer comes
forth from his mouth I will leave him."
What could be done with these and many others —
so anxious to work, so unwilling to live upon charity,
and yet so little able to earn more than the smallest
wages ?
The able-bodied men all found occupation in time,
some of them through the Employment Agency, others
by their own efforts. In recommending a soldier to a
position of any trust, references from a former employer,
or from his company officer were required, A man
who could bring such a passport as this was sure to
succeed. "The most temperate young man I know,
assiduous, persevering, orderly and active. I would
trust him with a million of money. He will tell the
truth and the truth only. In fact he is a pattern of a
boy."
One unfortimate, bright-eyed young colored soldier
came, afflicted with this endorsement :
" i Do Sertey Fye that he is a sober young man his
occupashon Was a Horshler be fore in Rooled in the
TJ S service, he can be trusted, he wants to Drive
a Famalay Caredge i do now him as a on est young
man, and all way Done his Duty as a soliershier.
Yourst Most Restibels M."
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A GOLOBED BEGIMENT. 381
The Employment Agency, with its system and re-
sults, is fully detailed in the preceding General History
on page 252.
The returning tide of regiments continued to flow
during the entire summer and fall of 1865, and even
through the later months of this year. The sketch
already given shows the general character of their re-
ception at the Soldiers' Home, One of the most
orderly, best disciplined body of men ever entertained
there was the 102d Regiment U. S. Colored Troops,
which arrived in two detachments, numbering collect-
ively some twelve hundred men. With the right wing
were several women and children, in odd fantastic
costumes — a union of plantation dress with civilized
finery. They were cold and tired and gathered eagerly
around the fire, with the flock of round-eyed little ones
looking shyly out from behind the protecting barricade
of the mothers' dresses. The soldiers themselves,
bright, active young men, threw their entire energies
into the open air ablutions, scrubbed and re-scrubbed
their shining faces, and scrupulously assumed any
additional article of festive attire to be found in their
knapsacks.
The left wing, which arrived a week later, brought a
train of one hundred sick men. A storm encountered
on the passage had driven the vessel containing the
troops out to sea, and consequently the existing forms
of disease were aggravated and many new cases created.
This invalid corps, under charge of a detail of soldiers,
was specially supervised by an old negro, acting as
master of ceremonies, who insisted on a rigid toilet
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382 A PERILOUS JOUBNEY.
being performed for each sick man before admitting to
the wards the visits of the ladies, or any hopes of
dinner. To all the indignant remonstrances he replied
merely with a superior smile and polite bow of excuse.
It was a strange and picturesque scene. The wards
were filled with the worst cases — men who had the
settled melancholy, which is a peculiar feature of ill-
ness in their race, and three of whom died on board
the boat that night after leaving the Home. The floor
of the reception room was covered with the less seri-
ously ill, lying about in all attitudes, enjoying the
warmth and languidly expectant of dinner. When
evening and the time for embarkation on the Detroit
boat arrived, an omnibus was obtained to transport
the sick men, while the most dangerous cases, not
trusted to this conveyance, were carried in blankets,
borne each by four stout soldiers. Poor fellows ! they
had an uncomfortable journey; their porters were
young, merry and not very attentive, and sometimes
the invalids came in sudden and unpleasant contact
with the ground, but no audible complaint proceeded
from the blankets.
The last regiment arrived one cold January morning,
and was announced three hours before, in this dis-
patch, " Four car loads of troops are at Crestline, from
away down south. They have been nine days on the
^ay — have run out of provisions and want to come
in to the Soldiers' Home." The reply was of course a
promise of dinner, and the superintendent of the
Cleveland and Columbus railroad promised to bring
the men in time to accept the invitation. At three
o'clock, P. M., the 8th New Hampshire arrived, cold
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THE HOMEWARD MARCH. 383
and hungry. The chilly atmosphere was bitterly felt
by men so long accustomed to the mild climate of
Louisiana, and every wave of the stormy lake struck
the pier with almost the force of a cannon ball, and
sent showers of spray through treacherous chinks in
the Home walls. But once inside the building, it was
bright and cheerful as possible. Fires blazed in every
quarter, and the tables were smoking altars of incense,
for everything in the house which could be cooked
and served steaming and hot had been prepared. All
that could not be consumed at one meal — bread,
meat and cheese — was packed into the men's haver-
sacks and, it is hoped, lasted them until they reached
New Hampshire. After this, the great dining room
was never used ; the doors were closed, the gay trap-
pings removed, and snow wreaths, hung by the wind
on the walls, usurped the place of the favorite generals.
The expenditure made in feeding troops was a very
large item in the expenses of the Home, and although
the duty, except in the case of the sick, might not be
regarded as essential, yet no act of its dispensation
seemed to more clearly express the higher and national
character of the Sanitary Commission. The regiments
returning to their distant homes in Michigan, Wiscon-
sin, Minnesota and Iowa, found a little series of
entertainments prepared for them on the route.
Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Detroit, had
each its organization, which let no soldier pass by
unfed or neglected. The enthusiasm was more than
the food — it had a moral effect which is expressed
in the resolutions sent back by the 1st Minnesota
Battery after its arrival at St. Paul.
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384 THANKS FEOM MIKKESOTA.
"BeaclMd, That in the name of every aoddier of the Union, whom they
honored in honoring rui, and on behalf of the Ist Minnesota Battery in
particular, do we tender to the ladies and patriotie citizens of Cleveland,
our grateful thanks for the attention received at their hands.
Beiohed, That though with feelings of universal pleasure and pride do we
look back on the spotless record of our Battery during its three and a half
years* service in the Army of the Tennessee, yet the brightest spot in our
memories will henceforth be the dodng scene of our military life, when,
our mission accomplished, and the object for which we struggled so long
happily attained, we received on our homeward march the manifestations of
a nation's gratitude.
E€iolved, That the pleasure we derived from the personal attention shown
us by the ladies of Cleveland and the State of Ohio in general — great as
that pleasure was ^ is enhanced by the thought that in thus greeting us as
Mends and brothers— who were strangers from a far distant state — with
nothing to entitle us to such greeting, except the fact of our being soldiers
of our common country, this — the great truth — was demonstrated, that the
American Union was no longer, as heretofore, a conglomeration of discor-
dant States, loosely hung together, but that by the. mutual sacrifices and
united efforts of the past four years, we have in reality become a great nation —
one in purpose — one in sentiment — sharing alike in the glorious memories
of the past, and in the blessing resulting to the whole wide land, from the
late triumphant vindication of the principles of free, enlightened, popular
government."
The approach of winter changed the route of travel,
and the few regiments to be still mustered out of
service were sent to Camp Chase — the Cleveland
camp having been early dismantled and broken up.
This branch of the Home work was consequently over.
When the institution was finally closed, and left to its
solitude of bare walls and empty rooms, and the
Society's watchfulness for expected troops was no
longer necessary, the 25th Ohio unexpectedly arrived
and sent forward so short a notice of their coming
that it was only possible to serve them with an infor-
mal meal at 5 o'clock, A. M.
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A PEBMANENT HOME. 385
THE OHIO STATE SOLDIERS' HOME.
On the I7tli of October, 1865, an institution for
disabled soldiers, known as the Ohio State Soldiers'
Home, was opened at Columbua The grounds, build-
ings and equipments of the Tripler Hospital were
transferred by the United States Government to the
State authorities for the purposes of an asylum of this
character. Situated on the river bank, some three
miles from the city, it seemed a quiet and safe retreat
to which the pensioners of the Cleveland Home could
be removed. Its influence was more favorable to the
recovery of the sick, for quiet, good nxu'sing and the
services of a resident physician were at their disposal.
Above all, a peimanent asylum was thus provided for
those whose disability would probably make them
through life dependent upon such institutions.
The appointment of Hon. Isaac Brayton as Super-
intendent and of Mrs. E. L. Milleb, who had been
long connected with the Aid Rooms, as Matron of the
establishment, gave the Society another interest in its
affairs.
All the inmates of the Cleveland Home entitled to
admission were sent to Columbus at the Aid Society's
expense — the more feeble taken thither on stretchers.
The notice was widely circulated through Northern
Ohio that the same opportunity would be open to all
disabled soldiers, and invitations to contribute to the
table of the Home were extended to the Branch
Societies by means of printed slips issued from the
Aid Rooms' press.
Until the meeting of the Legislature, no appropri-
ation for the support of the institution could be
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i'-.^:-^^W
386 A HAPPY NEW YEAB.
obtained, and the Cincinnati Brancli Sanitaiy Com-
mission at once offered fifteen thousand dollars for the
pnrpose. The Soldiers* Aid Society of Cleveland gave
five thousand with the promise of more, if further aid
became necessary. A condition attached to these gifts
opened the institution to soldiers from all States. As
the Soldiers' Home at Cleveland contracted its own
limits, portions of its furniture were from time to time
transferred to the Columbus asylum, with which fre-
quent communication was maintained. The men wrote
to their Cleveland friends, the officers of the Aid
Society twice visited Columbus and endeavored to
assist the institution as far as the duties of their own
field would permit. The surplus stock of crutches
went to the new hospital, and often an opportunity
occurred of procuring some additional comforts for its
inmates. A spring couch was sent to one bed-ridden
man, and an expensive spinal brace purchased to
enable another patient to walk about the wards. In
several instances the expenses of the visit of a wife or
mother to a very ill patient were defrayed from the
Society treasury.
On the 2d of January, 1865, the Soldiers' Aid Soci-
ety gave a dinner to the inmates of the State Home.
In the long lines of men ranked on either side of the
tables were found a hundred familiar faces. Here
were many who had recently left the care of the Cleve-
land Home, and others, acquaintances of earlier date,
who, through various channels, had also drifted into
this comfortable retreat. In the hospital wards were
again others — consumptives, cripples, paralytics —
who had once been firmly established in the sympa-
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THE NAUOKJLL ASYLUM. 88 f
thies of the Cleveland Sanitary Commission, but who
as easily adapted themselves to the new quarters. One
patient, helpless lad, whose long suflfering was drawing
to its close, smiled recognition from his bed, and from a
vast green cambric tent there issued a cheery voice
which, traced to its source, was with difficulty identified
as belonging to a blind soldier, who — half maddened
by acute inflammation of the eyes — had left no enviable
record at the Cleveland Home. Even the advances of
its steward — on soap and water and clean clothing
bent — had been received with wrath and voluble
indignation. But now convalescence beamed upon
him — everything was couleur de rose.
The officers of the Aid Society regarded the new
institution with great interest. It continued and per-
fected their own temporary system of relief, and close
observation of its government proved that it offered
a thoroughly comfortable home to disabled soldiers*
Through its various transitions from Sanitary Com-
mission and State to National authorities, there has
never been occasion to reverse this first favorable
opinion.
In 1867, the Ohio State Soldiers' Home was turned
over to the United States Government, removed to
Dayton and converted into the Central National
Asylum for Disabled Soldiers. Since this transfer it
has been independent of external assistance. An
arrangement had been made in October, 1865, with
the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad
company, whereby the Aid Society was enabled to
send soldiers to the Home at reduced rates, but the
free transportation now provided by the managers
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388 THE winter's work.
of the Asylum renders further aid in this direction
unnecessary, save in some individual cases.
During the winter of 1865 and '66, the Home work
was very sensibly contracted. Occasional squads of
discharged soldiers, from the regiments still serving in
Texas, would present themselves as candidates for
lodging and refreshment, and there were plenty of
men arriving every day on their way home from the
various hospitals. The chief service of the Home was
now in its character as rendezvous for applicants for
admission to the State Home, who were here supplied
with what they needed in the way of clothing, and
sent at the Society's expense to Columbus.
In addition to these were a number of permanent
inmates, a large proportion of whom were blind or
partially so, who came to Cleveland to be under treat-
ment. Every morning, a little procession left the
Home for the daily visit to the oculist, the blind
leading the blind, or groping their way by means of
sticks and canes. Around the reception room fire a
group of them was always found, killing the time by
mutual experiences of war days, or discussions, per-
haps, of the respective merits of Generals Grant and
Sherman.
A soldier, suffering almost beyond belief and con-
fined to his bed for more than a year, was brought by
his friends to the Home to take advantage of its
nourishing food and medical aid. The comfortable
bed, especially provided for his use, stood in the centre
of the ward, covered with the gayest and prettiest
album quilt that the house afforded, and its occupant
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IN THE SICK WABD. 389
became a kind of general confidant and counsellor —
always to be found, ready to listen, and with so few
plans and hopes of his own to communicate. Every
one was willing to read or talk to him, for his suffer-
ings seemed to call forth what was kindly, even in
ungentle natures. Once he was taken to his own
home, at his restless desire, then, still hoping for
recovery, he asked to be transferred to the Columbus
Asylum. Accordingly, his bed was one day again put
into a wagon and taken, temporarily, to the then almost
deserted Home. Some one going to the Aid Eoom
door watched it pass — the pale face on its pillow — the
red and blue covering fluttering in the wind — until
the comer of the street was turned and the long hill
— never to be repassed — descended. The Home
steward carried him safely to Columbus, where he
lived a few weeks and died, leaving the favorite quilt
with its bright colors and patriotic devices to a patient
equally unfortunate.
His successor in the little sick ward of the Home
was a young soldier who had been taken from the
Infirmary of a neighboring town, where for two years
he had lain bedridden, helpless and suffering. The
two weeks which were passed in the Home remained
a green spot in his dreary life, for here his scanty
wardrobe was replenished, and all day long he might
lie planning some new dainty, dreamed of, perhaps,
in days of workhouse fare. In fact when he left
the Home it was with indignation — soon repented of
— at a limit being set to his consumption of some
indigestible article of diet. Six weeks after his remo-
val to Columbus, a little picture with a hymn beneath
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390 FAITHFUL MOUBNEBS.
it, set in a humble frame and given him while in
Cleveland, was brought back to the donor, with the
message that he had looked at it every day until the
last. After his death a fellow soldier executed this
last commission.
In a wretchedly uncomfortable house on the West
Side, a German soldier was found, sinking under a
chronic disease of many months' duration. From the
poverty and discomfort of his own quarters, and the
noise of the five hungry flaxen-haired children, he was
taken to the Home, hoping there to recruit sufficiently
to bear the journey to the State Asylum. With him
came the wife and eldest rosy-cheeked boy, and
"Thank God! it is warm here," said the woman as
she entered the ward. Every day, mother and child
visited the sick man, who never left the warm room
until the dark rainy afternoon when he was carried
out in his coffin, with the two faithful mourners
following. In the two long days when he lay dying
and unconscious, they had watched by him — the
woman's hand fast clasped in his, long after it grew
cold and unresponsive, and the eyes could recognize
her no more. Yet she sat there still, refusing even
to take food, until another woman's hand for a few
moments held his, that he might not know her absence.
As a legacy was left the care of the houseful of
children, to feed and clothe whom, for a time, the Aid
Society felt itself pledged. Thi'ough its Claim Agency
a pension for mother and children was procured, which,
with the addition of what the woman could herself
earn, made them in future independent of other aid.
It would be impossible within the present limits to
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GBOWI^-0P SCHOLARS. 391
give even a passing notice* to many inmates of the
Home who, by remaining during a long period of con-
valescence, won a larger share of the general interest.
One soldier, who had lost his right arm at the bat-
tle of Bentonville, worked his way by uniform good
conduct to an established post in the institution,
— wearing its white badge, executing innumerable
errands, reading to the sick, and devoting his leisure
moments industriously to the cultivation of left-hand
penmanship. Through the medium of the Employ-
ment Agency he afterwards obtained an excellent
situation which he filled with credit.
Another was a tall powerful German, who limped
about the Home on his crutches during the slow
process of recovery from amputation of the right leg,
and whose absorbing occupation was the piu'suit of
knowledge by means of sundry worn geographies,
histories and arithmetics. Over these he toiled, hour
after hour, with puzzled and sometimes despairing
looks, varying the task by the vain endeavor to train
his big clumsy fingers to imitate copy-book flourishes.
To him the Home was indebted for varnishing and
leathering its store of crutches. Providence — of
whose dealings his ideas were singularly crude — had
in store for him many misadventures. His "reise
gepack" was stolen from him in New York, and this
appeared to him the natural deduction: "Although
from my youth up I have endeavored to do right, and
have the fear of God before my eyes and in my heart,
I now see it is of no use." After leaving the protection
of the Home, numerous other misfortunes pursued him,
in the endeavor to establish some business where his
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392 A DISABLED MAn's FUTURE.
crippled condition and ambitious views could be
reconciled.
One could not help pitying the bewilderment with
which these poor maimed fellows regarded the future.
Trained to labor, yet all possibility of earning a liveli-
hood by its means removed — there was always a period
of sad uncertainty following upon convalescence. At
first there seemed nothing which a man so disabled
could do, but in time the perplexities gi'ew clear; honest
desire to work discovered a path to occupation of some
kind, and although the ordinary complement of arms
and legs was never found to be superfluous, yet many
a sharp-witted man made his one arm do good service
for two. The increased invalid pension and the care-
fully hoarded bounty of some of the more prudent
soldiers made a little capital with which to take the
first step in the world. It is now the opinion of those
who have observed these cases, that most instances of
pauperism, or of its companion evil, hand-organ grind-
ing, in healthful though crippled subjects in ex-mili-
tary coats, may be traced to some radical fault in the
individuals themselves. It is seldom, if ever, necessary
for the national uniform to be thus disgraced. For
the temperate and honest disabled soldier who has no
family, the National Asylum offers a home, good food,
clothing, education and the opportunity of learning
some respectable trade, the pension meanwhile accu-
mulating, until, on leaving the Asylum, a little nest-
egg for future fortune is provided.
A record should be here made of the death of
William Harrison, a member of the 15th New York
Heavy Artillery, which took place at the Home on
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UNCLAIMED. 393
the 16tli of September, 1865. Returning to Tennessee,
from the place where his battery was discharged, he
was waylaid in Buffalo, N. Y., beaten and robbed of
his pay. The shock of the loss, rather than the effect
of injuries received, acting upon a constitution already
enfeebled by disease, produced a prostration of mind
and body from which he could not rally. For the
three days after he was brought to the Soldiers' Home
at Cleveland, he sat, half unconscious, as if overpow-
ered by the weight of some dire calamity, and died
on the fourth day after his arrival. In his few lucid
moments it was discovered that he had friends in
Morgantown and Nashville, Tenn., but none of the
many letters announcing his death and requesting his
family to claim his clothing, have brought answer of
any kind. An advertisement subsequently inserted
in one of the Nashville journals met with no more
success. The poor fellow lies buried in Woodland
Cemetery, in this city, and his grave is properly
marked, in the hope that some one may one day be
found to inquire his fate.
It would be inexpedient to mention those against
whose memory no honorable record stands. It was
early discovered that the benefits of such an institution
must to a certain degree be dispensed with little refer-
ence to the worthiness of the applicant, but simply in
the ratio of his sufferings. The more disabled, those
requiring material aid in every way, were sometimes,
morally, the least deserving of any assistance. Fortu-
nately the number of such cases is small and extends
chiefly over the latter period of the Home's existence.
The disbanding of the volunteer army and the gradual
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r^^^^??^^'
894 RESIDENT PENSIOITEBS.
absorption of its members into civil life and peaceful
pursuits, brought to the surface a residue of thoroughly
disabled men, without home or friends, for whose sup-
port the first pension was insufficient, and who, until
the establishment of Governmentor State institutions,
necessarily depended upon the Sanitary Commission.
In this class were both bad and good men.
As the assistance required by soldiers in transit
became less, the wants of resident disabled men and
their families were more urgently presented. During
the winter and early spring a weekly allowance was
paid to certain destitute families, and also fuel, food,
flour and clothing issued in large quantities. Often an
occasion offered for helping a disabled soldier over small
accidental difficulties, as for instance, by purchasing
for one man, crippled by chronic rheumatism, the tools
necessary to establish a cobbler's shop on a tiny scale,
and in settling the troublesome arrears of rent for
another whose wound had re-opened and whose earn-
ings were consequently stopped.
The office work still occupying the time of the Aid
Society officers, it was impossible to give every case
presented the investigation it properly deserved,
therefore, in applications for assistance from the fam-
ilies of soldiers personally unknown at the Aid Sooms,
a recommendation from a Trustee of the ward was
required. Saturday, the day appointed for these dis-
bursements, brought a motley assemblage of women
and children, each with a story of hardship and dis-
tress. As summer approached, the number was grad-
ually reduced to a few cases which still claimed a
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BIWAL DUTEBB. 395
certain degree of assistance. Especially was this
necessary in the long sickness or convalescence from
dangerous wounds, of soldiers whom it seemed unwise
to remove to the State Home, and whose recovery
appeared more fally insured by the gift of a small
sum of money, enabling them to remain under home
care and treatment.
At the recommendation of Mr. M. C. Read, the
former Sanitary Commission Agent at Nashville, Tenn.,
the sum of two hundred dollars was placed in the
hands of General Whipple, Chief of Staff to General
Geoege H. Thomas, for the relief of the destitute
widows of Union soldiers in that city. This ftmd
was carefully expended in aiding them to reach their
friends, or in providing food for the more needy. A
list of the persons relieved and a statement of each
individual case was made out by General Whipple
and remitted to the Aid Society.
In February, 1866, the Home was closed, with the
exception of a sleeping ward and reception room which
were occupied four months longer. The corps of
employes was dismissed and the contracted establish-
ment placed under the charge of George H. Gibson,
who had succeeded the former superintendent and
steward and combined the now limited duties of both
positions. The average number of meals during this
last stage of its existence only reached two himdred
and fifty per month.
After the first of June the occasional migratory
subjects for special relief were referred to the Aid
Rooms, lodged, as under the old system, at boarding
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396 THE HOME DISMANTLED.
houses, and fed by means of meal tickets, representing
a dinner at the depot coffee rooms.
Steward Gibson, whose engagement at the Home
had proved the value of his services, was now trans-
ferred to the Aid Rooms as an auxiliary in the office
work, and took the place of the former porter, Timothy
Farrell, who had so long and faithfully served the
Society as porter and sub-shipping clerk.
A portion of the bedding, furniture and clothing of
the Home was transferred to the Columbus Asylum,
and the remainder, at no little expense in cartage and
wareroom rent, was stored away in reserve for a new
city hospital then in contemplation, and to partially
furnish which the Home outfit could legitimately be
applied. This project was, however, abandoned, and
the furniture, hardly improved by its many transpor-
tations, was sold at auction or distributed to soldiers'
families. The Soldiers' Home, now a battered, dingy
building, its once new and brilliant flag torn and
weather-stained, its tenants discharged, the occasion
which brought it into being happily gone by, it seemed
fit should serve no other purpose nor be associated
with other objects or occupants. The building was
accordingly dismantled, sold in sections as it stood,
and speedily removed by the purchasers.
It has been of course impossible to mention in the
history of the Cleveland Soldiers' Home all who aided
it, or, if unable to personally assist the officers of the
Aid Society, with whom the responsibility of con-
ducting the institution rested, frankly gave them their
support and confidence. Such a record, could it be
made, would be found only to include those who were
thoroughly loyaL
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THE SCHOOL GIRLS' FKTE. 397
In Dr. J. S. Newberry the managers of the Home
found always a friend and adviser. Through him,
as Western Secretary of the Sanitary Commission, the
Home obtained the gift of some valuable furniture for
the wards, while the salary of the superintendent was
for eighteen months paid from the same source. To
Messrs. Edwards, Townsend & Co., who kindly
pruned their grocery bills to suit the Aid Society
finances ; to Dr. C. S. Mackenzie, who on many occa-
sions supplied the soldier patients with medicine
without money and without price ; to the editors and
reporters of the Herald and Leader for almost unlim.
ited use of their columns to narrate the incidents of the
Home and to appeal for further contributions; and to
the milkman, Mr. D. Cozad, who gave his December
bill as a Christmas box to the Home, the thanks of
the Aid Society are hereby tendered. Nor should the
little fete, prepared for the soldiers by the young ladies
of Miss Linda T. Guilford's school, be omitted in this
record — when the ever present spirit of departed coffee,
which haunted the dining room, was replaced by the
perfume of flowers and fruit, the humed blue-coated
waiters supplanted by young, merry, white dressed
girls, and an ideal banquet — delicious but unsubstan-
tial — served to the soldier guests.
After the close of the Home the history of the
Special Belief work flows naturally into that of the
Claim Agency, which afforded the channel for its
further extension.
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898 COLLBCTIOK OF WAE CLAIMS,
THE CLAIM AGENCY.
The gratuitous collection of soldiers' claims upon
the Government formed, even in the earlier part of
the war, an important feature in the Sanitary Com-
mission work
The agents in charge of the Homes at Nashville,
Washington and other points near the fields of mili-
tary operations, found that a large proportion of the
men discharged from hospital requii'ed aid in obtaining
a settlement of their claims for pay or bounty. Some-
times this arose from defects in their discharge papers,
and often merely through ignorance of the proper
form in which such claims should be presented. In
all cases the Commission's agents assisted to push
these claims to settlement, and the estimated amount
collected for soldiers at the Homes exceeds two million
five hundred thousand dollars.
In 1863, an Agency was established at Washington
for the systematic prosecution of this branch of the
Special Belief service, and in 1865, its operations were
extended, through the establishment of numerous local
Sub- Agencies for the collection of claims.
At these offices all claims presented were accepted,
without regard to their probable merit, and trans-
mitted to the Central Bureau. To this duty and the
requirement of furnishing the proof necessary to sub-
stantiate the claim, the sub-agent's responsibility was
limited.
The office at Cleveland, O., under charge of Wil-
liam H. Gaylord, Esq., filed one hundred and ninety
claims through the Central Bureau in the eight months
of its existence, from May, 1865, to January^ 1866.
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THE CLEVELAND AGENCY. 399
Althougli not reporting to the Cleveland Branch
Sanitary Commission, the local Agency brought to its
notice many cases where relief could be properly
extended to needy claimants, pending the adjustment
of their claims for pay, bounty or pension. Often the
aid could be more judiciously given through the appli-
cant's admission to the Soldiers' Home, sometimes by
transportation to his own home, and, again, by advanc-
ing small sums of money, from time to time, to meet
the necessities of his family.
On the Ist of January, 1866, all the local offices
were closed, their books and accounts transferred to
the Central Bureau, and due notice given that no new
claims would be received by the Sanitary Commission
Agency.
An arrangement was made with Mr. W. F. Bascom,
then in charge of the General Office, to prosecute the
claims on file to settlement.
At this time the Cleveland Branch . Sanitary Com-
mission, foreseeing that some confusion and perhaps
misunderstanding must arise from the abnipt closing
of the local Agency, determined, by advice of Dr. New-
beery, to employ a portion of its remaining fund in
receiving new claims, and in settling those already
filed in the Departments. Among the many plans
suggested for the disposal of this sum, none seemed
more directly to benefit the soldier for whose relief
the money was at first contributed.
Mr. Gaylobd was engaged to continue in charge of
the Agency until June 1st, 1866. The question of
extending the business beyond that date remained
contingent upon the passage of the various pension
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400 NEW LAWS.
and bounty bills under consideration in the Senate
and House of Kepresentatives, The number of claims
received during these four months was small, and
would hardly have authorized continuing the office
beyond the stipulated time. The bill increasing pen-
sion to soldiers disabled to a certain degree was passed
June 6th, 1866, and soon followed by the Additional
Bounty Act and the bill granting pensions to each
minor child of a deceased soldier. This seemed to
decide the importance of a gratuitous Claim Agency.
Mr. Gaylord was prevented by his personal engage-
ments from remaining longer in charge of the office,
and consequently resigned his position on the 1st of
June. In giving him an honorable discharge from
their service, the Aid Society lost a faithful Agent,
whose uniform kindness and courtesy to the claimants
particularly fitted him to represent the Sanitary Com-
mission.
Jasper E. Williams, Esq., was appointed to succeed
Mr. Gaylord, and entered immediately upon the
duties of the office.
It was proposed to somewhat revise the system under
which business had hitherto been conducted. The
Sanitary Commission Bureau had allowed its Agents to
advertise their services to so limited a degree that, to
the mass of discharged soldiers, the existence of such
offices for the collection of claims was unknown. The
Aid Society, desiring to extend as widely as possible
the offer of its services, caused advertisements of the
gratuitous character of its Claim Agency to be inserted
for the six months following the 1st of June, 1866, in
the Cleveland daily journals, and in all the county
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A FLOOD OF APPLICATIONS, 401
papers throughout Northern Ohio. In addition to
this, Mn Williams went at once to Columbus to
receive the claims for bounty and pension of the
inmates of the Ohio State Home for Disabled Soldiers.
In anticipation of the passage of the Additional
Bounty Act, several hundred soldiers' discharges were
received and deposited in the Aid Koom safe, with
the promise that due notice should be sent the own-
ers when their application could be properly filed.
Many of the claimants unfortunately departed in
happy assurance of having fulfilled their whole duty
in the matter, and promptly called for the money in
a few weeks' time, or wrote to request that the check
should be forwarded to a given address.
A notary was employed in the office, which relieved
the claimant from the fees ordinarily incurred in
making out his papers, while all the additional evi-
dence required was obtained at the Agency expense,
save in a few cases where it could more readily be
procured by the claimants themselves.
Applications flowed in from every quarter — from
former inmates of the Soldiers' Home — from appli-
cants once registered on the books of the Employment
Agency — men who had reason to trust any phase of
Sanitary Commission work. There were also a few
prudent souls who came to assure themselves of the
firmness of the basis on which this gratuitous Claim
Agency was established, before entrusting their cases
to its care.
There were, naturally, twice as many claims pre-
sented as could be filed with any reasonable hope of
success — although the Sanitary Commission's rules
26
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402 " NOT ENTITLED,
were much more flexible than those of the ordinary
claim agent, whose fee depends upon his success.
There were so many excellent reasons why they should
all have pensions and bounties —- they had served the
stipulated time, with the exception of a few weeks or
months — they had been discharged for disability and
were permanent invalids — they were poor — were
sick — had been good soldiers — the women had lost
their sole support in sons, husbands, brothers. One
poor creature says, when informed that she could not
claim the bounty for a dead son, "My life has been
made up of just such disappointments." This is a
sample of others : " I had two sons die in the army,
which part of my dependence and support were. John
died at Nashville, Tenn., and Benjamin at Milliken's
Bend, La, John was twenty-three and Benjamin
seventeen years old. I have a husband, but he is very
old, has poor health and can't stand to work any more
to support me. I am feeble and our support and
dependence is gone. They always supported us and
sent money home when they were in the army. I
want to have you get a pension for us, as we are
getting old."
There are volumes of these histories of military ser-
vice, dates and circumstances of discharge — misfor-
tunes, disability — want of employment — griefs and
losses — potent arguments for the Government bounty
being extended to them, and for the Sanitary Com-
mission assisting them in obtaining it. Had the
said Agency been elected judge of such pleas, all the
anxious correspondents might have been satisfied. As
it was, half, at least, of their letters were marked with
the disappointing endorsement — " Not entitled."
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ADDITIONAL BOUNTY ACT. 403
On the 1st of October, the Committee appointed to
frame regulations for the payment of bounties under
the new Act, made its report, and the discharges which
had been reposing in the Agency safe were brought
to light. Notifications were sent their owners to
appear at the office with witnesses to make out their
applications, and this summons was repeated on four
or five distinct occasions, as, in the two months which
had elapsed since the passage of the bill, many of the
claimants had changed their address, and responded
veiy much at their leisure when the notice finally
reached them. The Committee's report limited still
more the class who were entitled under the letter of
the law to the national bounty. It also, at first, pro-
hibited the employment of an agent in the collection
of these claims, but, as this provision could not affect
a gratuitous agency, some advantage in point of time
was gained by the Sanitary Commission office, whose
cases were rapidly filed before the removal of the
restrictions allowed others to enter the field.
This strict interpretation of the law by the Com-
mittee, and the later and still more stringent decisions
of the Comptroller of the Treasury, excluded from its
benefits many who seemed at first unquestionably
entitled to claim them. Especially was this true in
the case of parents of soldiers dying after the passage
of the Act, or before their claims, ali'eady entered, had
been adjusted.
The "Increase of Invalid Pension" claims were easily
adjusted; little evidence was required and speedy set-
tlement made. Not so the cases coming under the
law which granted an additional pension to a soldier's
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404 IKCBEASE OF PENSION.
widow for each minor child The rules first issued
from the Pension Office, prescribing the form of these
applications, were found insufficient, and further,
stricter requirements were ordered by the Commis-
sioner. Every woman had promptly and confidently
sworn, on the first paper, to what she and her neigh-
bors believed to be the correct ages of her children.
But when required to support this statement by further
and positive proof, confusion and perplexities ensued.
Church records were overhauled — sometimes found
missing — family bibles brought to light — defective
memories belabored, and memoranda consulted. Many
a mother, in perfect good faith, swore to three different
ages for each of her children, and one poor woman, in
despair of better proof, offered to bring her little girls
to the office that their ages might be guessed at. The
fees expended in sending for the necessary affidavits
in these cases — in rectifying blunders — and swallow-
ing unlimited amounts of well-attested words — were
three-fold greater than were required in all other
claims.
It had early been found necessary to increase the
clerical force employed in the Agency, and still further
to add to it, as the sudden and serious illness of Mr.
Williams obliged him to withdraw from the office
work.
The Aid Society was fortunate in engaging Messrs.
Samuel M. Eddy, Charles L. Cutter and Alfred G.
WiLOOX, who most faithfully and intelligently per-
formed the obligations of the new business — which
from its temporary character could not permanently
command the services of any. In addition to these
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INDIGNANT EPISTLES. 405
who were at different periods employed, the time of
the Aid Room porter was often occupied in the minor
details of the work, and Mr. Williams' special clerk,
Mr. H. R Sackett, constantly engaged.
The secretary and treasurer of the Society, still
unable to delegate the responsibility of the Agency,
remained during this year in constant connection with
its duties.
The claims were hardly filed when some of the
clouds which must habitually darken the existence of
a war-claim agent gathered over the Sanitary Com-
mission office. It is believed that many who entrusted
their claims to it, considered the Sanitary Commission
endowed with superhuman powers to direct the move-
ments of the Departments, and to expedite the routine
of Government clerks and paymasters. That it did
not at once revolutionize the system of the Paymaster
General, for the payment of bounties, created surprise
and distrust in some worthy breasts, and this feeling
found vent in numerous threatening and indignant
epistles. One man thought, "They have had time
anoff To of seteled this thing up if they ever was
agoing to. If you have any obligations there, it seems
to me that it might bee got some way. I think I have
kept CQol long anoof.^' Another: "It seems to me,
sir, you have had good time if you had used any
diligence." Even this was hardly consoling: "It does
seem a very slow and long process of aid the soldier
gets for his services. I have every confidence in you,
and firmly believe you will do all you can to see that
I am fairly dealt with, but I have made a complaint
to Washington on account of my delay and shall soon
know the cause."
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406 HEMONSTRAKCES.
Even these, though aDnoying and useless, could be
borne, supported by a sense of inward rectitude, and
inability to improve the existing state of affairs, but
another class of remonstrances had greater weight,
addressed, as they were, to a Society having for its
object the interest of soldiers and soldiers' widows.
"Expecting the money every day, I am sick and my
little girl is sick. I have had to give up work entirely.
I am out of money and have no wood." " I am just
starting in business and want all the money I can get."
"I came here to school, thinking of course I should
get my pension this fall." " Don't put me off until
the last, for I have no good hand to work with and
need the money badly." " Do try and get it for me
if you can, for I stand greatly in need of it." And
another woman, feelingly but mysteriously, remarks :
" Think how you would feel if you was taken away
and them left to make a living in this world by such
hard work." " I am really suffering, and were it not
for my wife would be in the poor house. And so, for
the sake of all that is right, have the matter pushed
through." " I wish you would do what you can for
me, as I am in poor circumstances and am suffering
much from sickness, with no prospect of ever getting
well, as my lungs are'l)adly affected."
To some unquiet beings the requirement of any
additional evidence in their claims was a true griev-
ance, and, oddly enough, construed into distrust, on
the part of the Government, of their individual asser-
tions. One woman insists : " Mr. Jones says there is
no need of filling out so many papers. I am tired of
it." Another, with dignity, decides: "If they don't
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DESTlTtJTE CLIUIJTS. 407
want to pay me that bounty money on my certificate
whicli I have already signed, why they may just keep
it. There is some loss or wrong about it." Another
woman's confidence in the stability of the Agency was
entirely shaken by the fact that the former Agent had
"riz up from the business," over which reflection she
shed frequent and copious tears. And yet the way of
claimants of the Sanitary Commission was made smooth
as possible. There were no incidental expenses in
their cases, nor fee of any kind.
There was frequent and great temptation to advance
a portion of the eiqpected pension or bounty to some
of the destitute clients, and in several instances this
was done, but experience proved the impracticability
of opening a door which could not again be closed
and might lead to embarrassing consequences. Many
opportunities were, however, afforded the Aid Society
of relieving those claimants whose necessities were
personally known to it, by gifts of clothing and bed-
ding from the surplus hospital stores, and sometimes
by a weekly allowance of money, given, not loaned
them. In this way the Agency became not only the
medium for the honest and gratuitous collection of
claims, but also, to some extent, the channel for dis-
covering and relieving the temporary wants of the
applicants. The suffering sometimes caused through
delay in the settlement of pension claims was deeply
felt by the Aid Society, and many attempts were
made to soften the disappointment and make clear
the pressing perplexities. Because this office could
not be deputed to others, any more than could the
responsibility of watching and ensuring the interests
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408 CHANGE OF AGENT.
of the claimants, the Aid Society was unwilling to
accept any of the numerous propositions to contract
with an agent for the settlement of the business,
although such an arrangement might possibly have
reduced the office expenses.
Three applications for pension, which had been
previously rejected as not fulfilling the requirements
of the Department, were granted by special Act of
Congress, in view of certain circumstances connected
with the claims which rendered them morally, though
not legally, valid. In securing these the kind services
of General Garfield and Hon. K. P. Spalding were
employed.
On the 1st of January, 1867, nearly nineteen hun-
dred claims had been already received, and it was the
decision of the Aid Society to take no new cases, save
those to whose collection it was pledged. Quite a
number of discharges still remained on hand, whose
owners had not yet appeared to make out the papers
necessary to accompany them. Notice of the close of
the Agency, except for the settlement of the cases it
had already filed, was given through the Northern
Ohio papers.
On the 1st of the following June, Mr. Williams,
who had brought both talent and energy to his brief
work, finding his health unequal to the task of
resuming its duties, resigned his position in the
Agency, much to the regret of his employers. He
was succeeded by Mr. Milo B. Stevens, who had
already had several years' experience in this business,
and who was thoroughly competent to undertake its
entire charge.
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SATISFACTORY RESULTS. 409
It was belieyed that the Agency could be saved
some expense by paying Mr. Stevens so much per
claim and allowing him to receive new cases upon his
own responsibility. This arrangement was accord-
ingly entered upon, July 1st, 1867, those having
applications filed through the Agency, being notified
of the change through a circular, which also clearly
stated that the Sanitary Commission had no connec-
tion with new business assumed by Mr. Stevens.
Although, owing to the unexpected complications
before mentioned, the Claim Agency had to bear
the test of some inexperience in its directors, it was
still the instrument of much good, recognized and
acknowledged by the great body of its clients. No
portion of the Aid Society's work occasioned it more
anxiety or a deeper feeling of responsibility. The
slow and tedious process of the adjustment of claims
seemed to the Society officers, anxious to wind up
their six and a half years' work, to have no termina-
tion, and threatened to drag its weary length into the
next possible war. Throughout the Agency's entire
history the soldiers' interests were scrupulously con-
sulted, nor did they suffer, it is hoped, from the various
annoyances which oppressed and harrassed the officers
of the Aid Society.
That the results of the Agency's work were satis-
factory to its claimants there is recorded proof. This
is often in the form of simple expressions of appreci-
ation, but sometimes the glow of gratefiil feeling,
expanding, comprehends even the nation in its embrace.
One man considers that the service performed for him
"has entirely refuted the argument that republics are
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410 THE agency's reward.
ungrateful." Another enthusiastically writes : " Words
cannot express my thanks for this favor. I think a
republican form of government the best under the sun.
Were I called to it, my own life would be but little
worth could I help the country."
But the most satisfactory result of the Agency's
work was not in the expressed acknowledgments of
its clients, but in the consciousness that the pension
or bounty could go to its owner, untouched and entire
in its amount, — burdened by no expense of any kind.
The pleasure of finally conveying to widow, orphan
or disabled soldier the national bounty — so anxiously
waited for, so often necessarily anticipated — was too
great to require verbal expressions of thanks to com-
plete its measure. Many of the wants and necessi-
ties which waited upon the crippled soldier before
his name was placed upon the pension rolls, were
well known to the Aid Society officers, and they
shared the joy and relief which the fortunate decision
brought.
The whole number of claims filed through the
Agency of the Cleveland Branch Sanitary Commission
amounted to eighteen hundred and ninety. A classi-
fied list of these cases, and a detailed statement of the
expenses of the Agency, will be found in Appendix D
of this volume. At the date of this writing, Novem-
ber, 1868, nineteen cases remain unsettled, awaiting
the action of the Paymaster General. The total esti-
mate of the amount collected for soldiers through the
Claim Agency is nearly three hundred thousand dol-
lars, averaging a pension case at the value of five
years' payment. The claims have been adjusted at
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A S^EVlCIi ACCOMPLISHED. 411
a saving to the soldiers of over seventeen thousand
dollars, taking as a standard the ordinary legal
charges of claim agents, exclusive of notarial fees and
other incidental expenses. The amount expended for
such items was a large additional sum.
No cases have ever been intentionally taken from
the hands of another agent, save in three or four
instances at the positive direction of the claimant.
The Agency in its own relations has not been so for-
tunate, occasionally finding itself the fifth wheel to
the coach, after long and patient labor.
A few cases have been abandoned as worthless, and
a number of bounty cases rejected on the closer read-
ing of the Act, but the great majority of claims have
been granted, the money paid to the owners and the
Treasury Orders collected. Proper receipts for the
discharges and checks have been taken and carefully
filed for preservation in the records of the Cleveland
Branch Sanitary Commission.
With the close of the Claim Agency, the mission of
the Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio is accom-
plished. The United States Government has not left
the men disabled in its service to depend upon chari-
table institutions for future support. These served
their purpose in the interval which elapsed before
permanent measures could be organized. General
laws, it is true, can not cover every individual case;
and instances of suflfering, which are not reached by
established provisions, may occur, but these exceptions
have a security against want in the sympathy of loyal
hearts which have always readily recognized their
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412 SPECIAL BELIEF BEOOBD.
claim. The liberal pension and the National Asylums
are the crutches which the Government provides for
its crippled soldiers. They can not compensate for
loss, but with industry, temperance and manly inde-
pendence, a disabled man finds these supports — which
he has honorably earned and to which he is legally
entitled — sufficient to insure exemption from private
charity.
There remains, then, nothing further for a Sanitary
Commission to do. Individually, there is a duty to
be fulfilled by every one who acknowledges the
national indebtedness to those who lost so much in
the Union's brave defence. To be clothed and fed
can not accomplish the whole ambition of any man,
however disabled. To assist his honest labor, and to
consider his disability as a title to consideration and
friendly aid, opens a wide field for future and indi-
vidual duty.
The general results of the Special Relief work of
the Cleveland Branch Sanitary Commission may be
thus summed up: From its inception, April 20th,
1861, to the present date, sixty thousand five hundred
and ninety-two persons are registered as having, indi-
vidually, received aid through its means. This record
includes those who were relieved in the Home and
Depot Hospital, at the Aid Society Rooms and through
the Employment and Claim Agencies. No record of
such a service can be complete. It was often possible
to give and impossible to register, and — especially
in the Hospital Inquiry Department — many small
services, which occupied the time and a portion of the
funds of the Society, are not in proper shape to be
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THE HOME ABMT. 418
recorded. One hundred and twelve thousand one
hundred and twenty-seven meals were given, and
thirty thousand lodgings provided. Transportation
was also furnished to fifteen hundred and fourteen
men. An estimate of the medical attendance and of
the number of wounds dressed at the Home is scarcely
possible.
A tabular statement of the entire Special Relief
work, which also classifies the recipients of this aid
and exhibits the expense of the whole service, will be
found in Appendix B of this volume.
In a history which details the Special Relief work
in the home field, the part which those took in the
war who could only aid it by their time, their means
and their prayers, is necessarily brought out in per-
haps stronger relief than even the far nobler sacrifice
of the brave soldiers, which must, save in its grand
results, be to so great an extent unrecorded. And
yet to no others, as to those who, by their connection
with the Sanitary Commission work, were constantly
associated with the men forming the armies of the
Republic, can their true character be so thoroughly
known. In their Soldiers' Homes, they saw suffering
patiently endured, heard not even one vindictive word
from those who had borne most cruel treatment at the
hands of the rebels, and daily recognized patriotism,
true and well-proven. They to whom the care of
expressing to these men the grateful appreciation, the
loving sympathy of the great reserve force at home,
was committed, represented thousands of others less
happy in having to delegate this privilege. This
history is therefore addressed to them, and the soldiers'
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414 AN AMPLE BECOMPBNSE.
own words have been frequently employed, — which, in
a merely personal narrative, had been hardly fitting, —
that they might witness to the manner in which so
many offerings have been applied. One acknowledge-
ment of real benefit received — one such admission as
this : " But for your care he must have died," is ample
recompense to all who shared this service for any of
its sacrifices, if they can claim or deserve the name.
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APPENDIX.
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APPENDIX A.
CASH AND SUPPLY REPORT.
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APPENDIX A.
CASH AND SUPPLY REPORT.
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418 APPENDIX A.
TREASURER'S REPORT
ELLEN F. TERRY, Treasurer,
In AccH with Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio.
Dr.
To Contributions for general purposes | 14,627 42
" Soldiers' Home 3,097 39
'* Membership fees 3,81317
" Cash received from Treasurer of Northern Ohio Sanitary Fair 76,245 49
" Estimated value of vegetables received from Sanitary Fair _ . 2,400 00
" Cash 'from U. S. Sanitary Commission, (California Fund,) 10,000 00
" Value of purchases made for Sanitary Commission 42,730 18
" Proceeds of Concerts and Exhibitions 3,987 31
" Interest and Premium on U. S. Bonds 3,373 21
'* Cash received from City Committee, July 4th, 1865 379 60
" " " " Reception Committee 118th O. V. 1 205 00
" Company Savings Co. E., 22d V. R. C 66 60
" Insurance Company Dividends 30 50
" Sale of Home and furniture. Commissary stores and other
articles donated for sale _ : 1,705 57
" Loans repaid by soldiers _ 396 24
*' Cash on deposit and eflfects of deceased soldiers 768 31
" Cash for purchase of material on order of Branch Societies . . 4,384 48
•' Repayment of freight charges 888 30
" " " charges on bodies of soldiers 1,830 60
" Cash for registering discharges 12 80
Total $170,94217
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APPENDIX A. 419
FROM APRIL 20, 1861, TO JANUARY 1, 1889.
ELLEN F. TERRY, Treasurer,
In Acc't with Soldiers' Aid Society op Northern Ohio.
Cr.
By purchase of materials for hospital garments $ 48,758 90
" " " vegetables and Sanitary stores 7,184 46
" " " nails, hoops, packing-cases and tools 1,649 73
" *' stationery, record-books, blanks and postage
stamps 1,146 75
" expenses of Special Relief service 3,635 80
" Depot Hospital and Soldiers' Home 25,116 24
" " " Hospital Steamer Lancaster, (see page 50,) 1,100 00
" Claim Agency ......__ 6,784 23
" Concerts and Exhibitions 569 76
" " " removing bodies of soldiers 1.91310
" paid porter's salary and for extra services, cleaning, painting,
barreling potatoes, cooperage, gas and water fitting 3,615 41
" paid rent, insurance, and office expenses, including wood,
coal, gas and stoves 2,964 37
" paid for printing and advertising 2,493 41
*• " toOhio State Soldiers' Home 5,317 42
" " salary of Miss Mahan for thirty-two months 1,504 00
" " salary of Mrs. E. L. Miller for twenty-one months 814 00
" for freight and cartage 5,731 9i
" purchases made on order U. S. Sanitary Commission 42,219 77
" paid to U. S. Christian Commission, per order 11 25
" " on account publishing History 700 00
" " " Sanitary Fair 10125-
" expenses of printing office 212 58
" loss on uncurrent money 101 78
" cash on deposit refunded to soldiers 709 01
" estimated value of vegetables from Sanitary Fair 2,400 00
Total ....$166,755 19
Balance on hand January 1st, 1869, deposited in Merchants'
National Bank, Cleveland, subject to order of expenses of
publishing History and settling remaining war claims 4,186 98
Total $170.942 17
ELLEN F. TERRY, Treasurer,
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y.r?^^^■u■ V./'^i^'T
^ 4
I have examined the books and accounts of the " Soldiers' Aid Society of
Northern Ohio," submitted by Miss Terry, its Treasurer, and find them
kept with great accuracy, showing the results as set forth in the foregoing
exhibit.
T. P. HANDY.
Cleveland, January 1st, 1869.
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APPENDIX A.
421
STATEMENT
Of Supplier Tmied by tlie Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio.
BEDDING AND CLOTHING.
Abticles.
1 Issued. Value.
Blankets I
Bed Sacks >
Bedgowns ,
Boots and Shoes pairs
Buttons gross
Calico yards'
Coats, Pants and Vests
Comforts and Quilts i
Cotton Batting bales
Drawers, Cotton pairs,
Drawers, Flannel pairs,
Dressing Gowns I
Flannel yards]
Green Holland yards:
Handkerchiefs and Towels '
Hats and Caps
Hayelocks _ ,
Haversacks .
Mittens .
Mosquito Bars
Neckties and Collars.
Pillows
Pillow Cases
Shawls
.pairs !
:i
Sheets -
Shirts, Cotton I
Shirts, Flannel i
Slippers pairs'
Socks pairs I
Straw bales I
Suspenders pairs
Tape rolls!
1,496
9,132
.%4
132
60
227
3,898
13,473
11
14,338
46,145
3,000
168
21
123,840
3.285
1,200
34
5,440
23,164
48,560
25,511
87,985
35,646
5,441
176
112
Total
I 6,984 00
31,962 00
1,41600
288 76
36 00
90 80
11,896 85
53,892 00
110 00
35,845 00
115,862 50
12,000 00
84 00
22 65
80,960 00
1,711 00
600 00
17 00
2,720 00
22 60
20810
.34,746 00
24,280 00
20 00
61.022 00
104,468 75
98.023 75
2,723 00
24,523 36
120 00
88 00
560
$645,234 50
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422
APPENDIX A.
HOSPITAL FURNITURE AND SURGEON'S SUPPLIES.
ABTICIiBS.
Issued.
Value.
Adhesive Plaster
Arm Rests
Awnings
Baggage Checks
Bandages
Bandage Machines ,
Baskets
Bath Tubs
Bath Brick
' Beds, Feather
Bed Pans ,
Bedsteads, Iron
Bedsteads, wooden
Blackboards
Blacking
Book Case ;. ,
Books and Pamphlets
Bowls ,
Brass Chain
Bread Knives
Brooms
Brushes, Scrub
Brashes, Stencil
Brashes, Whitewash
Buckets ,
Bureau
Butchers' Steels and Knives.
Camphor
Candfles
Candlesticks
Canes
Carper
Castors, Diimer
Cauldrons, Iron
Chairs
Chairs, Rocking ,
Charcoal
Chlor. Lime
Chop Bowls and Knives
Clo:fk8
Clothes Lines
Clothes Pins
Clothes Wringers
Coal Hods
Coflfee Mills
Coffins
Combs and Brushes
Compresses
Corks
Cork Press
Corkscrews
C0tS...L
Crockery, Plates
Crockery, Vegetable Dishes .
Crutches
Cullenders
Cups and Saucers
Curtains
Cushions and Pads
Deerskin
Desks
Dinner Bell
Dippers
. Disinfectants
Door Mats
Dust Brushes and Pans
Envelopes
Eye Shades
Fans
Faucets
Feathers ,
Fingerstalls •.
.yards
.pairs
...lbs.
.papers
.yards
.lbs.
.lbs.
.yards
.lbs.
.lbs.
.gross
...lbs.
.gross
.pairs
.lbs.
.lbs.
22
2,000
5
104
31,650
7
25
2
8
8
55
50
26
2
15
1
190,420
1,228
19
13
113
1
9
13
103
53
835
50
41
2
526
6
2
285
3
2
4
6
2
6
2
7
1,275
31,496
59
1
25
85
2,267
37
3,000
3
100
111
25,983
1
8
1
41
15
3
8
70,915
646
2,577
4
87
1100
1,000 00
3650
18 00
3,943 75
650
16 0ni
14 00
100 So
65 00
260 00
92 00
loop
150
20 00
19,049 50
12206
385
5 86
4895
15 S$
sob
300.
19 80'
10 00
17 50'
660
30 90.
13 25
85 00
56 00
6175
8000
362 75
36 00
300
27 50.
200
40 00
150
300
10 00
14 00
1125
89 00
192 50
3,937 00
1900
50
950
256 00
156 50
24 66
4,529 56
450
840
134 65
6,495 76
500
127 00
50
17 66
15 00
755
1000
394 25
16150
128 36
100
1980
870
Carried forward
$42,44415
Digitized by
Google
APPENDIX A.
423
HOSPITAL FURNITURE, ETC.— Continued.
Abticles.
Issued. Value,
-Brought forward.
Flat Irons
FleshiForks
Funnfels
Gaines.
Graters
Greien Spectacles pairs
GaifiaraDic
Hatchets and Hammers
Housewives i
India Rubber Cloth yards
Ink.
Inkstands
Knives and Forks.
.pints
Lamps.
Lampblack lbs.
Lamp Oil gallons
Lanterns
Lime bbls.
Lint lbs.
Liquorice lbs.
Locks and Padlocks
Looking Glasses
Lounges
Lumber M.
Maps
Matches gross
Match Safes
Matting yards
Mattresses
Mops .
Mouse Traps
Nails lbs.
Needles papers
Oilcloth yards
Oil Silk yards
Paint lbs.
Pans, Baking
Patent Medicine, Bottles
Pens boxes
Pencils
Pepper Boxes.
Pins .
Pincushions .
Pipes
Pitchers
Pumps -
.papers
Rubber Moulding feet
Safe
Salt Cellars
Salve boxes
Saws .
Scales pairs
Scissors
Sconces.
Screens .
Shingles M.
Shovels
Slates
Slings:
Soap, Hard , lbs.
Soap, Soft bbls.
Spittoons
Splints.
Sjponge lbs.
Spools Thread
Spoons
Stationery
Stencil Plates
Stfep Ladders
Stone Jugs
$42,41415
13
580
2
60
3
90
77
19 25
11
165
2
300
15 00
17
12 25
8,029
2,007 25
12
12 00
84
77 90
25
12 50
1,416
290 65
2
150
6
185
4
3 70
4
4 75
4
600
3,318
43135
6
300
58
40 40
15
14 75
3
40 00
90H
1,810 00
2
500
12
700
6
150
110
116 60
195
780 00
21
460
3
90
4,581
829 96
269
33 65
14
20 26
22
15 75
11
600
M
27 75
676
49510
28
24 00
867
12 90
3
45
100
10 00
16,058
1,605 80
78
19 50
81
12 65
3
12 25
74
925
1
115 00
79
620
200
20 00
4
8 35
2
23 75
26
18 SO
5
500
4
13 00
48%
120 25
6
500
45
450
800
200,00
3,339
667 80
11
47 20
312
123 40
•m
420
10
10 00
aio
5100
2,728
; 104 00
96800
70
114 00
1
500
349
7610
Carried forward
$53,549 70
Digitized by
Google
424
APPENDIX A.
HOSPITAL FURNITURE, ETC—Cotinubd.
Articles.
Brought forward
Stoves, Cook
Stoves, Fire -
Stove Castings and Trimmings
Stove Pipe
Stretchers
Snrigical Brace
Taoles
Tablecloths
Teapots
TinJBoilers
Tin Cups
Tin Pails
Tin Pans
Tin Plates
Tin Steamers
Truss
Tumblers
Turpentine gallons
Twine and Rope lbs.
Varnish quarts*
Waiters ,
Wardrobes
Wash Basins
Wash Boards
Wash Bowls and Pitchers
Wash Machines -..:
Wash Stands
Wash Tubs
Water Casks
Water Coolers
Windows
Wire Covers
Wire Cloth ■... yards
Total
Issued.
Value.
$53,549 70
3
100 00
n
23000
26 00
104 80
1
500
1
40 40
44
47 00
61
198 86
13
10 35
11
73 00
1,142
64 80
26
13 00
23
28 75
8vS5
8a5
3
20 00
1
12 00
is
645
4S
23 25
120
67 50
5
3 50
3
350
6
85 00
»51»
7315
2
75
4
250
1
6 00
3
1100
i)
9 25
5
26 50
3
25 00
58
134 60
5
200
5
500
-
$55,017 45
ARTICLES OF DIET AND DELICACIES.
Abticles.
Issued.
Ale frallons 690
Apples bushels 1,5(W
Apples, Dried lbs. 127,742
Apple Butter gallons 2.277
Barley lbs. 96
Beans bushels 25
Beef, Concentrated lbs. 80,191
Beef, Corned lbs. n-z.iWi
Beef, Dried lbs. .5.944
Beef, Fresh lbs. n.mi
Beets bushels 25
Brandy bottles 420
Bread lbs. 20.678
Broma lbs. 3
Buckwheat Flour lbs. 10
Butter lbs. I7,w;3
Cabbage bushels 30
Cakes and Cookies lbs. 1,211
Carrots bushels m
Catsup bottles 214
Cheese lbs. 9.421
Chickens, Condensed lbs. 2.811
Chickens, Dressed lbs. HK)
Chocolate lbs. 15
Cigars 400
Carried forward --.-•
Value.
345 OO
3.910 00
25.548 40
2.277 00
19:90
50 00
80,191 OO
2,007 45
1,188 80
1.14105
32 00
S40 00
1,0,33 90
l.-j(>
80
6,136 05
(50 00
H42 20
WOO
107 0)
1,8H4 70
2.811 00
94 65
7 50
20 00
$130,613 20
Digitized by
Google
APPENDIX A.
42c
ARTICLES OF DIET, ETC.— CoNTiKUED.
Articles.
Brought forward --- -
Cinnamon _
lbs.
Cloves
lbs.
Cocoa . . -
lbs
Codfish
lbs.
Coffee
lbs.
Coffee Extract
lbs.
Cordial
bottles
Com Meal
. lbs.
Com, Dried
lbs.
Cornstarch
. lbs.
Crackers
lbs.
Cranberries .
.... bushels
Cream Tartar
lbs.
Cucumbers
bushels
C*urrants
bushels
Effffs ...
dozens
FiTini "::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::.
. lbs.
Figs
lbs.
Flour
bbls.
Fruit, Dried
lbs.
Fruit, Preserved .
cans
Ginger
lbs.
Gooseberries
Quarts
Grapes
Green Com
bushels
Groceries
lbs.
Hams
lbs.
Herbs
lbs.
Herrings
boxes
Hominy
... lbs
Honey.
lbs.
Hops
lbs.
Horse Badish
bottles
Ice
tons
Indigo - - _
lbs.
Ininsrlass
lbs.
Lard
lbs
Lemons
dozens
Lettuce
bushels
Lime Juice
bottles
Maccaroni
lbs.
Maple Sugar
ihfl
Melons ,
Mess Pork
lbs
Milk, Concentrated
lbs.
Milk, Fresh
Quarts
Mustard
Mutton
lbs.
Mutton Tallow
lbs.
Nutmegs
ounces
OatMeal
lbs.
Onions
bushels
Oranges .
... dozens
Oysters
cans
Parsnips
bushels
Pepper, Black
lbs.
Pepper Sauce
bottles
Pickles
(rallnnA
Pies °
Pie Plant
bushels
Potatoes
bushels
Prunes
lbs.
lbs.
Rice
lbs.
Sao"o
lbs.
Saleratus
lbs.
Salt
lbs.
Sardines
boxes
Sausages
lbs.
Shoulders
lbs.
Issued.
8
10
59
2.232
2,«0J)
115
230
1,52«
B74
' 458
4.089
B
IT
75
5
12.278
215
5
4314
a3,872
35,806
19
%
2,436
10
*48.875
1.104
1,713
9
144
81
212
1,150
4
5
34
611
30
4,200
3
3,526
30
800
16,731
4,638
115
1,641
160
99
8,107 Vi
71
44
15
109
54
40,143
3,974
10
38,841
17
105
296
27
97
1,425
2
557
1,484
Value.
$130,613 20
400
10 00
29 75
223 20
1.043 65
115 00
172 50
6100
67 40
69 15
613 ;35
32 00
ITOCJ
150
12 50
2.455 60
32 25
175
501 35
1.87140
17,(K)3 00
9 50
6(K)
365 40
20 00
99 65
184 00
428^5
8 50
7 20
24 40
63 60
287 50
205 00
600
10 00
825
427 50
60 00
2,100 (K)
120
88150
600
120 00
8.352 00
37100
57 50
246 15
460
24 00
990
16,215 00
49 70
36 00
26 00
54 50
13 50
15,457 20
59610
20 00
38,84100
510
42 00
44 35
810
14 45
2140
100
83 55
222 60
Carried forward
$241,997 70
Digitized by
Google
424
APPENDIX A.
HOSPITAL FURNITURE, ETC.— CojsnNUBD.
Abticles.
Broaght forward
Stoves, Cook
Stoves, Fire
Stove Castings and Trimmings .
Stove Pipe
Stretchers
Surgical Brace
Tables
Issued.
Tablecloths..
Teapots
Tin Boilers ...
Tin Cups
Tin Pails
Tin Pans
Tin Plates ....
Tin Steamers .
Truss.
Tumblers
Turpentine gallons*
Twine and Rope Ibi*.
Varnish quarts*
Waiters ,
Wardrobes
Wash Basins
Wash Boards
Wash Bowls and Pitchers
Wash Machines :.:
Wash Stands
Wash Tubs
Water Casks
Water Coolers
Windows
Wire Covers
Wire Cloth -...yards*
Valtje.
3
11
1
1
44
61
18
11
1,142
26
2;^
88.5
3
1
48
48
120
5
3
6
ma
2
4
1
3
3
58
5
5
Total
$53,549 70
100 00
230 00
26 00
104 80
500
40 40
47 00
196 85
10 35
73 00
W80
13 00
28 75
885
20 00
12 00
645
23 25
67 50
3 50
350
85 00
7315
75
250
6 0O
1100
1)25
26 50
25 00
134 60
2 00
500
$55,017 45
ARTICLES OF DIET AND DELICACIES.
Articles.
Issued.
Value.
Ale ffallons 690 845 00
Apples busheltf l..'>(>4 .3.910 00
Apples, Dried lb.*. 127,742 25.548 40
Apple Butter gallons* 2.277 2.277 00
Barley Ibn. 96 19:20
Beans busheln 25 ."50 00
Beef, Concentrated lbs. 80.191 80.191 00
Beef, Corned lbs*. 22,J}()5 2.007 45
Beef, Dried Ibt*. .5.1^4 1,18880
Beef, Fresh Ibn. 7.607 1.14105
Beets bu»helf* 25 3200
Brandy bottlut* 420 84000
Bread Ibt*. 20.678 1.03390
Broma lbs*. 3 1 50
Buckwheat Flour Ibn. 10 80
Butter lbs. 17,JW;3 6,136 05
Cabbage buBhelt« W (XiOO
Cakes and Cookies lbs. 4,211 JU23()
Carrots bushels .50 64 00
Catsup bottles 214 107 0)
Cheese lbs. 9.421 1,884 70
Chickens, Condensed lbs. 2.811 2.811 00
Chickens, Dressed lbs. 190 W 65
Chocolate lbs. 15 7.50
Cigars 400 2000
Carried forward $130,613 90
Digitized by
Google
APPENDIX A.
AIITICLES OF DIET, ETC.- Continued.
Articles.
Issued.
Vau'k.
Brought forward
8
10
59
2.232
2,609
115
2:«
1,526
674
' -458
4.089
6
17
75
5
12.278
215
5
93,872
35,806
19
96
2,436
10
248.875
1,104
1.713
9
144
81
212
1,150
4
5
U
611
do
4,200
3
3,526
30
800
16,731
4,638
115
1,641
2:5
160
99
8,1071/2
71
44
15
109
54
40.143
3,974
10
38,841
17
105
296
27
97
1,425
2
557
1,484
$130ji1M-i)f
Cinnamon
lbs.
A iV^
Cloves
lbs.
10(H^
Cocoa
lbs.
'^t 1+7
Codfish
lbs.
t^ m
Cofiee
lbs.
1,1143 n5
Coffee Extract.
lbs.
lITttK)
Cordial
bottles
UiTfit
Com Meal .-. .. ..
lbs.
Ml m
Com, Dried
lbs.
IIT u>
Com Starch
lbs.
m» 15
Crackers
lbs.
in 3 ^1
Cranberries
Cream Tartar
bushels
lbs.
1 7 rift
Cucumbers
bushels
l^fi)
Currants
bushels
i-i;jif
Eggs
dozens
2.15^100
Farina . .
lbs.
!fciij
Figs
lbs.
I 75
Flour
bbls.
:vin llo
Fruit, Dried
lbs.
]>;i m
Fruit, Preserved
Ginger
cans
lbs.
9 m
Gooseberries
Grapes
quarts
. lbs.
am
Green Com
bushels
■ill ini
Groceries ..
lbs.
i'n( (>r7
Hams
lbs.
is4(Xk
Herbs
lbs.
1'^ -15
Herrings
boxes
n:^».i
Hominy
lbs.
7 n\
Honey
lbs.
•H 40
Hops
lbs.
pi;^ r>o
Horse Radish
Ice
bottles
tons
'^47 r,r>
Indigo
lbs.
i\ IXJ
Isinglass
lbs.
HHKP
Lard
lbs
S-i'>
Lemons
dozens
-1^7 5il
Lettuce
bushels
Pliimj
Lime Juice
bottles
LMIHMH>
Maccaroni
lbs.
1 m
Maple Sugar
Ihs
ss) r^\
Melons ^
niM)
Mess Pork . .
lbs.
t^Jl] fHl
Milk, Concentrated
Milk Fresh . .
lbs.
Quarts
S7I EH1
Mustard
:::::::::::::::::::::A^g^
r,T nfl
Mutton
lbs.
'i-t6 13
Mutton Tallow
lbs.
ilU^
Nutmegs - .ounces
21 tN)
Oat Meal
lbs.
9:i<i
Onions
bushels
10, -^1:1 m
Oranges -
dozens
J IP TfP
Oysters
cans
i]rt m
Parsnips
bushels
iiCi m
Pepper, Black
lbs.
5-1 m
Pepper Sauce
Pickles
bottles
. _ e-allons
Pies
rm hi
Pie Plant
bushels
'JfH)fh
Potatoes
bushels
3N,^Mlf)
Prunes
lbs.
-ym
Haisins
lbs.
4:im
Rice
lbs.
1 i ;!i>
Sao"o
lbs.
H in
Salcratus . . -
lbs.
1 1 4-3
Salt
lbs.
-n -Jrt
Sardines - --
boxes
1 w
Sausages
lbs.
tvi TphI
Shoulders
lbs.
'^^2 <W
Carried forward
$241,9^7 TIP
Digitized by
Google
426
APPENDIX A,
ARTICLES OF DIET, ETC.— Continubd.
Abticlbs.
Brought forward .
Slippery Elm
Spices
Saner Eraat
Starch
Strawberries
Sugar
Svrup
Tapioca
Tea, Black
Tea, Green
Toast
Tobacco
Tomatoes
Turkeys
Turnips
Vermicelli
Vinegar
Wheat, Cracked
Whisky
Wbiteflsh
Wine
Yeast Cakes
Vegetables, Mixed -
Value.
$241,997 70
900
3 76
2,006 90
700
46 80
1,862 80
62 40
720
886 60
327 00
110 20
646 56
150 00
20 00
64 00
680
848 40
160
24100
20 00
6,114 76
32 26
1,187 60
Total
$266,053 60
MISCELLANEOUS.
Abticlsb.
Badges
Barrel Heads and Hoops..
Blank Books
Bottles, Packing
Boxes, Packing
Boxes, Contribution
Bulbous Roots
Coal
Daily Papers
Flags, Large
Flags, Small
Oas Fixtures and Fitting .
Hardware, Sundries
Hoes
Marine Glass
Meal Tickets
Oats.
.barrels
tons
Onion Sets
Pictures
Plants, Flowering
Plumbing
Postage Stamps
Press, Printing, with Type and Furniture..
Press, Lever
Press, Copy
Rakes
Roller and Blocks
Rollers, Wooden
Seeds. Garden
Seeds, Garden
Seeds, Garden
Signs
Spades
Sprinklers
Tools
Warehouse Truck
Wood
Unclassified Articles
Boxes forwarded to Refhgees
Boxes forwarded, contents unknown
.bushels
.bushels
...boxes
pkgs.
.bushels
.cords
Issued.
89
6118
27,759
17
1
146
17,592
1
1
9571
10
15
87
137
31,831
1
1
1
1
7
4
100
21
19
1
2
27
1
41
1366
46
162
Valxtb.
10 00
4610
239 95
224 20
13,605 80
24 60
24 00
1,08166
40186
126 50
80 00
294 80
66 60
100
20 00
2,36615
600
60 00
92 00
27 40
134 65
83316
215 30
600
15 00
75
15 36
260
20 00
20 00
96 00
8910
125
200
29 85
800
467 90
34150
1,150 00
4,060 00
Total
$26,175 80
Digitized by
Google
APPENDIX A. 427
RECAPITULATION.
VALUE OF SUPPLIES ISSUED.
B3dding and Clothing $645,234 60
Hospital Furniture and Surgeon's Supplies 55,017 45
Diet and Delicacies 256,053 50
Miscellaneous 26,175 80
Grand Total $982,481 25
Digitized by
Google
428
APPENDIX A.
Hospital Storks have been bent by the Soldiers' Aid Society
OF Northern Ohio to the following points:
(Receipts fur these shipments are on file among the papers of the Society.)
OHIO.
Camp Taylor, Cleveland, 7th & 8th O. V. I.
Camp Wood, Cleveland, 41s»t O/ V. I.
Cjirap Wade, Cleveland, 2nd O. V. Cav. and
John Brown Rifle Co.
Camp Tod, Cleveland, 45th and «Tth O. V. T.
Camp Cleveland. 103rd. 105th. 107th, 124th,
125th O. V. I. and 10th O. V. Cav.
Recrnitlnir Offices. Cleveland. 7th, 19th, 23rd,
4l8t, 45th, 54th. 67th O. V. I.. 2nd O. V.
Cav. and 18th Bri&:ade Teamsteri?.
2:)th Ohio National Gnards. Cleveland.
Post HoHpital. Camp Cleveland.
General Hospital, Camp Cleveland.
Marine Hospital, (Army department,) Cleve-
land.
Depot Hospital, (San. Com.,) Cleveland.
Soldiers' Home, (San. Com..) Cleveland.
Returned Soldiers, sick, disabled, or ex-
chans^ed Prisonprf*. Cleveland.
Soldiers' Families, living in and near Cleve-
land.
Camp Jackson, Columbus, 23rd and 24th
0. V. I.
Camp Thomas. Columbus.
Camp Lew Wallace, Coiumbu?, Ut Regiment
Paroled Forces.
Camn Delaware, Columbus, 5th and 6th U.
S. Colored Troops.
I Camp Chase, 54th and 120th O. V. I.
I General Hospital, Camp Chase.
I Tripler Hospital. Columbus.
I Ohio State Soldiers' Home, Columbus.
Agent U. S. Sanitary Commission, Colum-
I bus, for distribution.
I Quartermaster General Ohio, Columbus, for
I returned Prisoners.
I Camp Marietta.
Camp Piqua.
I Camp Goddard.
Post Hospital. Camp Dennison.
' Regimental Hospital 7th, 8th, 52nd, 54th O.
I V. I., Camp Dennison.
i Ist O. V. Lt. Art., 3rd O. V. Cavalry, Camp
Dennison.
I General Hospital, Camp Dennison.
I Branch Sanitary Commission, Cincinnati,
for Hospital Steamers.
Soldiers' Home, (San. Com..) Cincinnati.
Freedmen's Relief Association, Cincinnati.
Woodward Hospital, Cincinnati.
Washington Park Hospital, Cincinnati.
BroadwJay and Main st. Hospital, Ciuciiinati.
Post Hospital. Gallipolis.
General Hospital, Gallipolis.
Camp of 6th Veteran Reserve Corps, John-
son's Island.
TENNESSEE.
Supply Depot U. S. Sanitary Com., Nash-
ville, for general distribution.
Soldiers' Home. San. Com.. Nashville.
General Hospitals Nos. 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 13, 18, 10,
Nashville.
General Field Hospital. Nashville.
Refugee Department. Nashville
Regimental Hospital Ist O. V. Lt. Art .
Cirap Andy Johnson, Nashville.
Soldiers of 1st O. V. Lt. Art., 176th O. V. I.
and 160th N. Y. V. I., Nashville.
Teamsters in distress. Nashville.
U. S. San. Cjm. Hospital bteamers Lancas-
ter No. 4. New Dunleith and others, for
distribution at Posts on the Tennessee
Hiid Mississippi Rivers.
Hospital Steamers sent by State of Ohio for
the wounded of Pittsburg Land ins:
Cleveland Citizens* Committee, sent for the
relief of the wounded at Pittsburg
Landing.
Supply Depot U. S. San. Com., Pittsburg
Landing.
Supply Depot XJ. S. San. Com., Hamburg
Landing.
Supply Depot U. S. San. Com., Memphis.
" sdicj ' "^' ' " ^
Medical Director, Savannah.
Post Hospital, Savannah.
Supply Depot U. S. San. Com
boro.
Murfrees-
Supply Depot U. S. San. Com., Chattanooga.
General Hospitals, Murfreesboro.
Convalescent Camp, Murfreesboro.
Post Hospital, Gallatin.
Post Hospital, Colurilbia.
Post Hospital, Shelbyville.
Post Hospital, Franklin.
Regt'l Hospital 4l8t O. V. I , Murfreesboro.
Regt'l Hospital 10:Trd O. V. T., Knoxvibe.
Regt'l Hospital 105th O. V. I.. Gallatin.
RegtM Hospital 63id, 72nd, T6Lh O. V. I..
Pittsburg Landinir.
Regi'l Hospital 7th Kansas V. Cav., Mcm-
' phis.
Regt'l Hospital 32nd Iowa V. I., Fort Pillow.
Ohio State Atrent. Memphis.
U. S. San. Com. Hospital Vi*itor, Memphis.
Chaplain 10th O. V. Cav.. Mnrfreeshoro.
Chaplain 79th Penn. V. I, Murfreesboro.
Chaplain Eaton, Memphis.
Chaplain Porter, for Contrabands. Memphis.
Refugees in distress (Freedmen.) Gallatin.
Contraband nurses in U. S. Hospital, Knox-
ville.
Soldiers of 20th. 41st and 105th O. V. I..
Murfreesboro.
Soldiers of 104th and 125th O. V. I.. Franklin.
Soldiers of 19th, 4lBt, 103rd and 105th O. V.
I., Chattanooga.
SoJditrs of 14th O. Lt. Art., Jackson.
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APrKNBlX A.
4ti9
V I II G I N I A .
Supply Depot U. S. San Com., Wheeling.
Agents San. Com. traveling in Virginia.
Post Hospital, Wheeling.
General Hospital, Wheeling.
General Hospital, Grafton.
General Hospital, Charleston.
General Hospital Winchester.
York Seminary Hospital, Winchester.
Post Hospital, Beverly.
Post Hospital, Romney.
Post Hospital, Huttonville.
Post Hospital, Clarksburgh.
Post Hospital, Grafton.
Post Hospital, Gauley Bridge.
Post Hospital, Charleston.
Post Hospital, Fayetteville.
Post Hospital, New Creek.
Post Hospital, Fetterman.
Brigade Hospital, Camp Union, Fayetteville.
Brigade Hospital, Camp Anderson, Qauley
Bridge.
Regimental Hospital, Ist O. V. Lt. Art. Fay-
etteville
Regt'l Hospital 1st O. V. Lt. Art., Grafton.
Regt'l Hospital 1st O. V. Lt. Art., Beverly.
Regt'l Hospital 1st O. V. Lt. Art., Paw Paw.
Regt'l Hospital 7th O. V. I., Gauley Bridge.
Regt'l Hospital 7th O. V. I., Winchester.
Regt'l Hospital 7th O. V. I., Culpepper.
Regt'l Hospital 7th O. V. I.. Charleston.
Regt'l HoBoital 8th O. V. I., Winchester.
Regt'l Hospital 8th O. V. 1., Camp Cross-
man, New Creek.
Regt'l Hospital 12th O. V. I., Fayetteville.
Regt'l Hospital 23rd O. V. I., Fayetteville.
Regt'l Hospital 23rd O. V. I., Beverly.
Regt'l Hospital 23rd O. V. I„ Camp Ewing,
Gauley Bridge.
Regt'l Hospital 24th O. V. I., Cheat Moun-
tain Summit.
Regt'l Hospital 87th O. V. I., Princeton.
Regt'l Hospital 55th O. V. I., liomney.
Regt'l Hospital 55th O. V. I., Grafton.
Regt'l Hospital 84th O. V. I., Winchester.
Regt'l Hospital 91st O. V. I., Kanawha Falls.
Regt'l Hospital 110th O. V. 1., Camp Keifer,
Parkersburgh.
Regt'l Hospital 123rd O. V. I., Winchester.
Regt'l Hospital 3rd Va. V. I., Clarksburgh.
' Regt'l Hospital 4th Va. V. I., Point Pleasant.
Elegt'l Hospital 6th Va. V. I., Ceredo.
I Regt'l Hospital 6th Va. V. I., West Union.
I Regt'l Hospital 8th Va. V. I., BuflFalo, Put-
I nam County.
, Regt'l Hospital 11th Va. V. I., Parkersburgh.
I Regt'l Hospital 9th Ind. V. I., Fetterman.
i Regt'l Hospital 13th Ind. V. I., Camp North
Branch Bridge.
Regt'l Hospital f3th Ind. V. I., Camp Chase.
Camp 67th O. V. I., Suffolk, 1
Camp 5th U. S. Colored Troops, I ^
Norfolk. ^Aittens.
Camp 5th U. S. Colored Troops,
Yorktown. J
Soldiers in 169th Penn. V. I., Gloucester
Point.
Soldiers in 29th O. V. I., Dumfries.
Soldiers in 123rd O. V. I., Martinsburgh.
Union Prisoners in Richmond and Danville.
(Never received.)
ILLINOIS.
Supply Depot U. S. San. Com., Cairo.
Agent for Contrabands' Relief Soc'y, Cairo.
Depot Hospital, Cairo.
Brigade Hospital, Cairo.
Post Hospital Cairo.
Regt'l Hospital 8th Illinois V. I., Cairo.
Regt'l Hospital 18th Illinois V. I., Cairo.
Regt'l Hospital 30th lUinois V. I., Cairo.
Regt'l Hospital 4l8t lUinois V. I., Cairo.
Regt'l Hospital 3rd Iowa V. I., Cairo.
Regt'l Hospital 8th Iowa V. I., Cairo.
Post Hospital, Mound City.
General Hospital, Mound City.
HospitallBarracks, Mound City, per Surgeon
General, Ohio.
INDIANA.
Soldiers' Home, Sanitary Commission, Jef-
fersonville.
Hospital No. 4, New Albany.
Soldiers in Hospitals, New Albany.
MISSOURI.
Agent U. S. Sanitary Commission, St. Louis,
for the wounded at Springfield.
Agent Western San. Com. St. Louis.
Ohio State Agent, St. Louis.
Fifth Street Hospital, St. Louis.
Jefferson Barracks Hospital, St. Louis.
Jefferson Barracks Chaplain, St. Louis.
General Hospital, Camp Benton, St. Louis.
General Hospital, Kansas City.
Brigade Hospital, Bird's Potut.
Post Hospital, Bird's Point.
Regt'l Hospital 2nd O. V. I., Platte City.
Regt'l Hospital 2nd O. V. I., Carthage.
Regt'l Hospital 27th O. V. I., Sedalia.
Regt'l Hospital 43rd O. V. I., New Madrid.
Regt'l Hospital 7th Iowa V. I., Bird's Point.
Regt'l Hospital 11th Iowa V. I., Camp Lyon,
Bird's Point.
KANSAS.
Supply Agency U. S. Sanitary Commission,
Leavenworth.
Post Hospital, Fort Scott.
Chaplain of Post, Fort Scott.
Regimental Hospital 2nd O. V. Cav., Leav-
enworth.
Freedmen's Relief Agencv, Leavenworth.
Sufferers in the Indian Massacre, Lawrence.
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430
APPENDIX A.
KENTUCKY.
neadquarteris Western Department U. S.
San. Com., Loaisville. for general issne.
Kentncky Branch U. S. San. Com., Loais-
ville.
nospitals No. 1, 4. 5, 7, Louisville.
Hospital No. 5, Loaiaville, (Fort Donelson
wounded.)
Ladies' Committee, Louisville, for distribu-
tion in Hospitals.
Soldiers' Home, San. Com., Louisville.
Soldiers in all Hospitals, Louisville.
Park Barracks Hospital, Louisville,(Grape8.)
Asst. Quartermaster Oen. Ohio, Louisville.
Agency Sanitary Commission, Lexington.
Agency Sanitary Commission, Columbia.
Agency Sanitary Commission, Perry ville.
Agency Sanitary Commission, Danville.
Agency Sanitary Commission, Somerset.
Agency Sanitary Commission, Nelson's Fur-
naces.
General Hospitals, Lexington.
General Hospitals, Lebanon.
General Hospital, Bardstown.
General Hospital, Fort Holt.
General Hospital. Ashland.
General Hospital, Paducah, • (Fort Donelson
wounded.)
Brigade Hospital, (18th Brigade,) Ashland.
Brigade Hospital, (18th Brigade,) Paintville.
Bri^de Hospital, (34th Brigade,) Sulphur
Fork Trestle, Colesburgh.
Brigade Hospital, Lexington.
Brigade Hospital, CampNevlns, Hardin Co.
Post Hospital, Lexington.
Post Hospital, Lebanon.
Post Hospital, Bardstown.
Post Hospital, New Haven.
Post Hospital, Bacon Creek.
Post Hospital, Bowling Green.
Post Hospital, Ashland.
Post Hospital, Paducah.
Post Hospital, Munfordsville.
Steams' Hospital, Paducah.
St. Mark's Hospital, Paducah.
Flat Lick Hospital, Cumberland Ford.
Camp Nelson.
Regimental Hospital Ist O. V. Lt. Art.,
Camp Jesse D. Bright.
RegtM Hospital 1st O. V. Lt. Art., Camp
Jefferson.
Regt'l Hospital Ist O. Lt. Art., (Edgarton's
Battery,) Bacon Creek.
Regt'l Hospital 1st O. Lt. Art., Somerset.
Regi' Hospital 9th O. Battery, Cumberland
Ford.
Regt'l Hospital 1st O. V. I., Green River,
Munfordsville.
Regt'l Hospital, Crab Orchard,
Regt'l Hospital 16th O. V. I., Cumberland
Ford.
Regt'l Hospital 2l8t O. V. I.. Bacon Creek.
Regt'l Hospital 41st O. V. I., Camp Wickliffe,
New Haven.
Regt'l Hospital 42nd O. V. I., Camp Bu^ll,
Paintville.
Regt'l Hospital 42nd O. V. T., Louisville.
Regt'l Hospital 42nd O. V. I., Louisa.
Regt'l Hospital 42nd O. V. L, Cumberland
Gap.
Regt'l Hospital 65th O. V. I.. Bowling Green.
Regt'l Hospital 103rd O, V. I., Frankfort.
Regt'l Hospital 104th O. V. I., Mt. Vernon.
Regt'l Hospital 111th O. V. I., Bowling
Green.
Soldiers of 19th Ohio Battery, Richmond.
Regt'l Hospital 2nd East Tennessee V. I.,
Camp Dick Robison.
Regt'l Hospital 2nd East Tennessee Y. I.,
Camp WUd Cat.
TO THE ARMYOF THE POTOMAC.
Medical Purveyor U. 8. A., Washington,
D. C, for the wounded at Bull Run.
Soldiers' Aid Society. Washington, D. C.
Ohio Relief Association, Washington, D. C.
Ohio State Agents, Washington, D. C.
Mrs. Wheeler, for distribution, Washington,
D.C.
Camp Upton, near Washington, Ist O. V.
Lt. Artillery,
Camp 3rd Mich. V. I., Alexandria Heights.
Hospitals of Georgetown, D. C, (Grapes.)
Fairfax Seminary Hospital.
Camp 60th N. Y. V. I., Washington, D. C,
Camp 150th O. V. I., Washington, D. C.
Camp 4th N. Y. V. Cav., Potomac Creek.
Branch U. S. Sanitary Commission, Pitts-
burgh, Pa., for the wounded at Gettys-
burgh.
M A R Y li A N D .
Agents of U. S. San. Com., Cumberland.
Medical Director U. S. A., Cumberland.
Post Hospital, Cumberland.
Brigade Hospital, Cumberland.
General Hospitals, Cumberland.
Hospital L., Cumberland.
Post Hospital, Oakland.
Post Hospital, Clarysville.
Post Hospital, Frederick.
Regimental Hospital 4th O. V. I., Oakland.
Regimental Hospital 2nd Maryland Y. I.,
Cumberland.
Regimental Hospital. Eeedysville.
Soldiers of 84th O. V. I., Cumberland.
GEORGIA AND ALABAMA.
Agents U. S. San. Com., Resaca, for general
issue.
Agents U. S. San. Com., Atlanta, for general
issue.
Post Hospital, Marietta.
Soldiers of 19th, 55th, 74th and 104th O. V.
I., Atlanta.
Soldiers of 125th O. V. I., Stevenson,
Soldiers of 1st O. V. Lt. Art. and 9th Ohio
Battery, Bridgeport.
Digitized by
Google
APPENDIX A, 431
MISSISSIPPI.
for genepal distribution.
Agent Christian Commission, Yicksburg.
Soldiers of 43nd 0. V. I. Vlckshnrfi:.
Soldiers of 66th O. V. I., camp near Corinth.
ARKANSAS.
Soldiers of 25th 0. Y. I., Little Rock.
1 Soldiers, Duvall's
Bluff.
LOUISIANA.
Soldiers of 42nd O. V. I., Plaqnimine.
Digitized by
Google
Digitized by
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APPENDIX B.
SPECIAL RELIEF REPORT.
Digitized by
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434
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APPENDIX B.
CASH CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOLDIERS' HOME— Continued.
C. A. Read $ 10 00
Adolph Rettberg 10 00
Rice & Burnett 10 00
John W. Sargeant 10 00
Philo Scovilf. 10 00
Seaman & Smith 10 00
Smith ifcDodd 1000
J. B. Smith 1000
Smith &Curti98 1000
R.P.Spalding 10 00
Geo. Sprague 1000
E. Stair 1000
Stillson, Leek & Price 10 00
A. B. Stone 1000
Strong & Armstrong 10 00
Taylor* Griswold 10 00
John Tod 1000
J. H. Wade 10 00
Mrs^. P. M. Weddell 1000
Horace P. Weddell 10 00
V. Whitaker 1000
H. S. Whittlesey 10 00
Lemuel Wick 1000
U. Wick & Co 1000
Willey &Cary 1000
S. Williamson 1000
Geo. S.Wright 1000
S. A. S.. Tallmadge 9 00
J. T. Watterson 1 900
Benton Bros 800
D. U. Pratt H50
W. K. Adams 5 00
A.W.J 5 00
W. D. Baker 5 00
J. Benton 500
C. P. Born 500
D. G. Branch 500
C. G. Bruce 5 00
F. Butts & Co 500
Cannon & Freeman 5 00
M. Carson 500
Cash 5 00
Cash 500
Cash 500
Mrs. E. Clark 500
S. Corning 5 00
R. Cowles 500
W.D. Cashing 5 00
Davis & Vorce 5 00
S.Dewev 5 00
Fusier & Burgert 5 00
E. F. Gaylord 5 00
H. C. Hawkins 5 00
Hilliard & Hatch 5 00
Geo. W. Fahrion 5 00
Geo. Freeman 5 00
John A. Foot 5 00
Geo. Ingersoll 5 00
Capt. Jerome 5 00
T.M. Kelley 5 00
H. Leutkemeyer 5 00
S. Mann 5 00
S. A. S., Mavfield 5 00
Morehouse & Merriam 5 00
C. F. Morse 5 00
George 8. Mygatt 5 00
J. D. O'Neil & Son 5 00
JohnM. Peck 5 00
S. Ranney 500
H. K. Raynolds $ 600
C.Shaw 500
T. G. Sholes 600
Mrs. F. A. Sterling 5 00
Miss Laura W. Sterling 5 00
A. B. Stockwell 600
Mrs. A. B. Stone 5 00
C. L. Thompson 5 00
D.R. Tilden 500
Mrs. W 500
George Whitelaw 5 00
J. V.JJ. Yates 500
E. Chester 4 00
H. Lord 400
W. J. Warner 4 00
Universalist S. S. Conneautville .3 80
L. C. Baker 300
Cash 3 00
Cash 300
J. D. Cleveland 3 00
A. S. Houk 300
A. &C. Loeb 300
Silas Smith 800
J. Wansor 300
George Wilkinson 3 00
Willoughby and Vicinity 2 25
B. & H. Baer 200
L. Benedict 200
B. P. Bowers 200
B. Butts 200
Cas»h 2 00
L. Buffctt 2 00
Cash 2 00
Deckand & Co 2 00
E.J. Estep 200
D. W. Gage 200
J. P. Koehler 200
S. May 200
John Schwab 200
J. P. Whitelaw 2 00
Mr. Sinclair 2 00
A Friend 1 00
N. Barber 1 00
S. A. S. Brinifield 1 00
S. Brainard 100
Cash 1 00
G. W. Clark 100
R. A. Dyer, Newburgh 1 00
Chas. Fliedner 1 00
E. M. Flynt 1 00
O. A. Granger 1 00
MissO. R. Gurney 100
J. Hall 1 00
J. Halle 1 00
N. Heisel 100
Mrs. Hinman 1 00
Mr. Lvman 1 00
Mrs. Porter 1 00
Mrs. Dr. Robinson 100
Wm. P. Stanley.... i 100
John Storev 1 00
Dr. John Wheeler 1 00
W.J. T 100 '
A Friend 95
Cash 60
Mrs. Mitchell 60
A. H. Brown 50
S. A. S., St. Clair Road 42
Cash Box at Home 8 70
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APPENDIX B.
441
BRANCH SOCIETIES CONTRIBUTING TO SOLDIERS' HOME.
Akron.
Amhebst.
Atwatbr.
Bainbridge.
Bath.
Bedford.
Berlin Centre.
Berea.
Berlin Heiguti}.
Birmingham.
boardman.
Boston State Ruad.
Brecksville.
Brimfibld.
Bribtolville.
Brooklyn,
Brooklyn Centre,
Burton.
Butternut Ridoe, Olmsted.
Chagrin Falls.
Charlestown.
Chatham Centre.
Chester Cross Roads.
Collamer.
Columbia .
conneautville universal-
1ST S. S.
Dover.
Dover Cong. Church.
Earlville.
East Cleveland.
Euclid.
Franklin Mills.
Freedom.
Garrettsville.
Geneva.
Greenport.
Greenwich Station.
gustavus.
Harris viLLE.
Hinckley and Granger.
Hiram.
holmesville.
HOMERVILLE AND SULLIVAN
Glee Club.
Huron, Christ Church.
JOHNSONVILLB.
Judd's Corners, Concord, O.
Kent.
Kingsville.
Kinsman.
Kirtland.
Mayfield.
MiDDLEBURY.
MiLLERSBURO.
Newburoh.
Newton Falls.
North Jackson.
Olena.
Olmsted.
Olmsted Falls.
PaINES VILLE.
Parkman.
Parisville.
Parma.
Perry.
Randolph.
Ravenna.
Rawsonville.
rockport.
RUGGLES.
ShALERS VILLE.
Sheffield.
South Rockport.
St. Clair Road, Cleveland.
Streetsboro.
Strongsville.
Tallmadge.
Troy, Nova P. O.
twinsburgh,
Union Four Corners.
Uniontown.
Unionville.
ViALL District.
Wadsworth.
Wadsworth Dramatic Club
Wakeman.
Warren.
Warrensville.
West Rockport.
WiCKLIFFE.
Winchester.
Windham.
Willoughby.
Willoughby Ridge.
29
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APPENDIX C.
CLAIM AGENCY REPORT.
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444 APPEJJ^DIX 0.
CLEVELAND BRANCH SANITARY COMMISSON CLAIM AGENCY.
STATEMENT.
NiraiBEB OF CASES FILED.
Invalid PenBion, 97
Increase Invalid Pension, 118
Widow's Pension, 26
Increase Widow's Pension 67
Mother's Pension, 15
Guardian's Pension 3
Guardian's Pension and Increase, 6
Transfer Pension, 6
Arrears Pension, 1
Arrears Pay and Bounty, 167
Pension Money, 46
Additional Bounty, Act July 28th 1113
Heirs' Additional Bounty, Act July 28th, 20O
Artilicial Limbs, 8
Three Months' Pay, 7
Commutation of Rations, IS
Miscellaneous Cases, 3
Total, 1890
FILED THROUGH CENTRAL BUREAU OF CLAIMS.
Invalid Pension 49
Increase Invalid Pension, 1
Widow's Pension, 16
Mother's Pension, 1
Arrears Pay and Bounty, 116
Commutation of Rations, 7
Total, 190
EXPENSE ACCOUNT.
By paid salaries Agents and Clerks, $4,419 93
" printing and advertising, 729 73
" stationery, postage, legal blanks and record books, 1,027 55
" notarial fees, 81258
" office expenses, desks, safe and notary seal, 25468
' ' expenses of collecting claims at Ohio State Soldiers' Home, 3977
Total, $6,784 24
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r
APPENDIX D.
NAMES OF MEMBERS.
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446
APPENDIX D.
MEMBERS.
Mrs. Hbnby G. Abbey.
Mrs Wm. B. Castle.
" S. C. Aiken.
" Sklah Chamberlin.
" L. Alcott.
" H. M. Chapin.
" Sherlock J. Andrews.
" J H. Chase.
" M. C. K. Arter.
" Henry Chisholm.
" Caleb Atwater.
" D. Chittkndkn.
M188 Carrie Atwater.
" Elizabeth Chubb.
Mrs. Levi Aust.
" E. Clark.
Mrs. F. T. Backus.
" I. L. Clark.
" Henry Baker.
" W.A.Clark.
" Theo. Baker.
Miss M. S. Cleveland.
'' E. I. Baldwin.
Mrs. J. M. Copfinberry.
Miss Mary Baldwin.
" D. 0. Cole.
Mrs. Jambs Barnett.
" Wm. Collins.
Miss Annette Barnett.
"• H. E. Cooke.
Mrs. J. Bbanson.
" W. C. Coolby.
" Geo. E. Beebe.
" John Coon.
" R. A. Beebe.
" L K. COWLES.
" R. U. Becker.
" Wm. Craig.
" M. B. Beckwith.
" Crapser.
" Silas Belden.
" J. H. Crittenden.
'' Geo. a. Benedict.
" S. W. Crittenden.
" L. Benedict.
" T. D. Crocker.
" S. M. Ben HAM.
" E.W. Crooks.
" Curtis Benton.
'* H. L. Crowell.
" Carlos Benton.
" John Crowell.
" Horace Benton.
" Crowl.
" Bbstbr.
" Cubbon.
" J. Bevbrlin.
" Cunningham.
'' Edward Bingham.
" Wm. D. Gushing.
" William Bingham.
'• H. K. Gushing.
" J. P. Bishop.
•' F. B. Dabrow.
" BiSSITT.
" Bennitt Dare.
Miss Bixby.
" Alfred Davis.
Mrs. S. H. Boardman.
" Chas. a. Dean.
'' Wm. J. Boardman.
" R. B, Dennis.
" Boise.
"- M. J, Dickenson.
" Thomas Bolton.
" B.F. Dexter.
" J. BOUSFIELD.
" Deqbnin.
" William Bowler.
" Geo. C. Dodge.
" J. M. Brainard.
" R. DUTTON.
" William Bradford.
" C. F. DUTTON.
Miss Clara Branch.
" Donahue.
Mrs. C. D. Brayton.
" J. Douglas.
Miss Mary Clark Brayton.
" 0. S. Douglas.
Mrs. N. C. Brewer.
" Alfred Ely.
" C. C Briggs.
" Geo. B. Ely.
" John Brough.
" A. W. Fairbanks.
" James Farmer.
" J. C. BUELL.
" Ferguson.
" M. Brown.
" Feusier.
*' Tho8. Burnham.
" Wm. a. Fiske.
" L. BUROERT.
Miss Sarah Fitch.
" P. R. Burnett.
" Jennie Fonts.
" BUFPINOTON.
Mrs. a. E. Footb.
'' L. Burton.
" Horace Foote.
" Levi Buttles.
" John A. Foote.
" Bolivar Butts.
" FOWLE.
" Caldwell.
" Morrison Foster.
" Louise Calkins.
" E. Freeman.
" J. F. Card.
" A. Fuller.
Miss Alice Carey.
" Geo. W. Gardner.
Mrs. Lawson Carter.
Miss Fannie Gardner.
Miss Belle Carter.
Mrs. C, M. Gedings.
Mrs. Cartwright.
Miss Georgie Gordon.
'' J. Lang Cassells.
Mrs. Hiram Griswold,
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APPENDIX D.
MEMBERS— Continued.
447
Mrs. W. B. Gutles.
" Haijc,W.8.
M188 S. S. Hall.
Mrs, Wm. B. Hancock.
Mrs. Albert M. Harmon.
•' B. Harrington.
'* J. A. Harris.
" Wm. Hart.
" G. H. Haskell.
MiKs Nellie Haskell.
Mrs. K. Hates.
*• Joseph Hay ward.
" Wm, H. Hayward.
'• G. E. Herrick,
" Chas. Hickox.
" M. E. HlOLEY.
MiHs Emma Hills.
Mrs. L. C. Hoag.
•' Hobart.
" Dennis Holt.
" R. C. Hopkins.
** A. G. UOPKINSON.
'' J. M. HOYT.
" M. A. HoYT.
Miss Idda Hoyt.
Mrs. Hubbell.
*• O. E. Huntington.
" Hurlburt, W. S.
" H. B. Hurlburt.
•' HUTCHINS.
" L. M. Hubby.
•• M. Y. HUTTON,
•• L. D. Hudson.
'• HUNTOON.
" Wm. Hutton.
'' G. A. Hyde.
'• Hiram Iddinom.
'• W. A. Ingham.
•• J. E. Ingersoll.
" Isaac A. Isaacs.
•' E. S. IsoM.
" E. Jennings.
" S. W. Johnson.
'• G. H. Johnson.
" 8. A. Jewett.
'' T. M. Kelley.
Miss Kent.
*• Amelia Kent.
Mrs. James Kirby.
•• Wm. Lacy.
" M. C. Lane.
" Lauderdale.
" C. W. Lbpper.
'• J. Leonard.
'• E. H. Lewis.
"■ LiPB.
•' Thos. List.
" H. H. Little.
" Juliana Long,
" Lydia Long.
•' W. W. Luck.
" Joseph Lyman.
•' Mallory.
" S. R. Manning.
'* C. Masters.
•' E. Masters.
" 11. C. Marshall.
" James Mason.
•' S. H. Mather.
" Wm. Melhinch.
" Wm. M. Merlam.
" J. B. Mbriam.
"• E. H. Merrill.
Mrs. Dr. Merritt.
" Wm. Milford.
" Wm. Mittleberger.
" McNeil.
" Nelson Monroe.
Miss Keokee Monroe.
Mrs. E. p. Morgan.
" J. H. MORLET.
" R. P. Myers.
" J.J.Myers.
" Geo. Myqatt.
" Myrick.
" ZiNA Needham.
Miss Melvina Neyins.
Mrs. Henry Newton.
Miss Julia E. Noble.
" Henry Newberry.
" Stanley L. Noble.
" O. M. Oyiatt.
" S. B. Page.
Miss S. Palmer.
Mrs. J. D. Palmer.
'• Fanny Parsons.
" R. F. Paine.
" Austin Parmbter.
" Peck.
" Pendleton.
" Joseph Perkins.
Miss Phelps.
" Matilda Pickands.
Mrs. Pollock.
" Wells Pt>RTER.
" D. U. Pratt.
" H. F. Percival.
" Perry Prentiss.
" LoREN Prentiss.
" S. B. Prentiss.
" F. J. Prentiss.
" W. M. Prentice.
" N. B. Prentice.
" W. H. Price.
Miss Ellen Pritchard.
Mrs. p. Probeck.
'' L. M. Pryor.
" Geo. Presley.
Miss M. Presley.
Mrs. N. Purdy.
'' R. P. Ranney.
" Raymond.
" J. A. Redington.
" Reese.
" D. P. Rhodes.
" C. L. Rhodes.
" J. M. Richards.
'' C. H. Roberts.
" Dr. Rodman.
** Rounds.
" B. Rouse.
" B. F. Rouse.
" C. L. Russell.
" B. S. Root,
'•" A. G. Russell.
" W. Sabine.
" J. C. Sanders.
'^ Sanderson.
" Sanford.
'* Nelson Sanford.
" J. H. Sargent.
" J. W. Sargeant.
Miss S. Scott.
Mrs. Philo Scovill.
" O. C. Scovill.
" A. G. Searls.
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448
APPENDIX D.
MEMBERS-CONTINUED.
Mrs. Lewis 8bterancb.
*^ John Shxllbt.
" A. Sharps.
Miss Mart Shellet.
Mrs. D. a. Shepard.
" O. B. Skinner.
" Skinner, W. 8.
** J. B. Simmons.
Mrs. Ezra Smith.
'' Wm. T. Smith.
Miss Mart E. Smith.
Mrs. W. p. Southworth.
" R. P. Spalding.
" Sparrowhawk.
Miss L. Spbllman.
*' C. Spellman.
Mrs. Effie Standabt.
" W. E. Standart.
" I. T. Stevens.
'' John M. Sterling, Jr.
" E. T. Sterling.
" M. B. Sticknet.
"" Amasa Stone, Jr.
" A. B. Stone.
Miss Flora Stone.
" Clara Stone.
Mrs. E. Stumm.
" Rupus SWIPT.
" Swan.
" D. C. Tatlor.
" E. Tatlor.
'' Charles A Terrt.
Miss Ellen P. Terrt.
Mas. Peter Thatcher.
Mrs. Db. Thateb.
" Edwin Thateb.
" J. A. Thome.
" G. Tucker.
Mrs. D. R. Tilden.
" 8. C. Van Dorn.
" John Varner.
" A. Vantassel.
" J. H. Wade.
" Randall Wade.
Miss Lilt Walton.
" Walworth.
Mrs. B. p. Ward.
" Wm. M. Warmington.
" J. Warburton.
Miss Warmington.
Mrs. Washington.
" P. Weddell.
" A. J. Wenham.
'* A. Wheeler.
'' Charles Wheeler.
'• H. L. Whitman.
'* S. Williamson.
*' H. V. WiLLSON.
'* T. P. Wilson.
'• Douglas White.
•' Welch.
" Stillman Witt.
'' C. A. Woodworth.
'' R. C. Yates.
*' J. V.N. Yates.
" M. C. YOUNGLOVE.
Miss Carrie P. Younglove.
HONORARY MEMBERS.
Fitch Adams.
L. Alcott.
R. H. Babcock.
Charles C. Baldwin.
DuDLET Baldwin.
E. I. Baldwin.
C. J. Ballard.
T. S. Beckwith.
Geo. E. Beebe.
A. H. Benedict.
Earl Bill.
William Bingham.
William J. Boardman.
T. N. Bond.
W. H. BOTDEN.
h. k. botlstqn.
Francis Branch.
D. G. Branch.
Charles G. Bratenaul.
H. P. Bratton.
O. A. Brooks.
Burt, Rose & Co.
Theodore Burt.
Bolivar Butts.
W. F. Cabet.
Chables C. Cabteb.
W. L. Cabteb.
Leonabd Case, Jk.
H. M. Chapin.
O. A. Childs.
S. P. Chubchill.
James F. Clabk.
Henbt F. Clabk.
I. L. Clabk.
B. J. Cobb.
Caius C. Cobb.
CoE & Hastings.
CoE & Mat,
Maj. John Coon.
E. Cowlbs.
R. COWLRS.
L Cbawpobd.
Wm. W. Cbawpobd
Ogdbn Cbittenden.
S. W. Cbittbnden.
H L. Crowkll.
Wm. Cbowell.
Wm. D. Cushing.
D. A. Dangleb.
H. S. Davis.
Wm. Edwards.
Dan. p. Eells.
T. Dwight Eells.
A. Blt, Jr.
Gko B. Elt.
T. W. Evans.
J. Finger.
MOBBISON FOSTEB.
J. A. FOOTB.
Geo. Fbeeman.
Luke B. Fbbnch.
RaLZIE J. FULLEB.
H. C. Gatlobd.
Rev. Wm. H. Goodbich.
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APPENDIX D.
HOXORARY MEMBERS— CONTiKUED.
449
A. S. GORHiLM.
E. R. Oriswold.
E. T. Hall.
H. M. Hall.
Union IIall.
E. N. IIammoni).
T. P. IIavdy.
Robert Hanna.
Wm. Hart.
H. A. ITarvey.
W. H. Harvey.
H. R. Hatch.
R. Hausman.
J. Hayward.
G. E. II RRICK.
E. C. HiGBRE.
Addison Hills.
H. G. Hitchcock.
B. W. HORTON.
John G Hower.
Jambs M. Hoyt.
Arthur Huohes.
H. B HURLBURT.
J. G. HUSSBY.
F. JUDSON.
F. C. Keith.
H. D Kfndall.
Robert Knioht.
Wm Lawtey.
T W Lkkk
H. W. Lbutkexistkb.
H. H. Little.
Geo H. Lodge.
R. H. Lodge.
E. C. Luce.
H. 0. LuoB.
8. Mann.
H. C Marshall.
Samuel L. Mather.
Samuel H. Mather.
"Wm. M. Maxon.
C. S. Mackenzie.
W. J. McKlNNIE.
William Mblhinch.
J. B. Mrriam.
S D. McMillan.
Jacob Miller.
E. P. Morgan.
G. B. MURFEY.
R. P. Myers.
Geo. Mygatt.
J. D. Norton.
O. M. Oviatt.
Rev. Wilbur F. Paddock.
J. B Parsons.
R. C. Parsons.
B. F. Peixotto.
Nathan P. Payne.
Joseph Perkins.
A. M. Pfrry.
Oliver H. Pbhry.
E. C. Pope.
Chauncey Pbentibb.
F. J. Prentiss.
8. B. Prentiss.
P. I Prick.
W. H. Prick.
A. QuiNN & Son.
S. Raymond.
h. k. reynolds.
Wm Rockefeller,
e. rockwkll.
James Root.
R. R. Root.
B. F. Rouse.
L. D. RucivER.
Gko H. Russell.
Alkx. Sackett.
E. W Sackrider.
Dr. John C. Sanders.
M B. Scott.
o. c. scoville.
Seaborn & Hemfy.
John Seaman.
Geo. B. Senter.
D. B. Sexton.
Geo. a. Stanley.
S. L. Severance.
S. H. Sheldon.
.Joseph Shippkn.
" O. B. Skinner.
J. B. Smith.
W. T. Smith.
S. C. Smith.
Orson Spencer.
Geo. Sprague.
John M. Sterling, Jr.
H. H Stilson.
A. Stone. Jr.
John Tennis.
Pr TER Thatcher, Jr.
C. L. Thompson.
Amos Town send.
H B. TUTTLE.
J. H. Wade.
F. T. Wallace.
T. Walton.
T. A. Walton,
H. D. Watterson.
J. L. Weatherly.
H. P. Weddell.
John A. Wheeler.
Charles L. White.
John E. White.
A. H. Wick.
C. C. Wick.
Geo. Willey.
W. G. Williams.
A. P. Winslow.
R. K. WiNSLOW.
Stillman Witt,
c. j. woolson.
Geo. S. Wright.
W. W. Wright.
R. C. Yates.
M. C. YOUNOLOT3.
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APPENDIX E.
COMMITTEES.
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APPENDIX E.
COMMITTEES.
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454 APPENDIX E.
T. W. Steele, S. P. Jenkins, Mrs. T. N. Bond, Mrs. Joseph Hayward, Mrs. C. M. Gidings,
Mrs. S. Witt, Mrs. J. D. Palmer, Mrs. Charles Doubleday, Mrs. H. H. Little, Mrs. J. F.
Card, Mrs. W. W. Chandler, Mrs. Robert Hanna, Mrs. John A. EUsler, Mrs. J. M. Gillette,
Mrs. John Tod, Mrs. E. N. Keyes, Mrs. A.M. VanDuzer, Mrs. Henry Sizer, Mrs. William
Smythe, Mrs. J. R. Shipherd, Mrs. Swift, Mrs, B. F. Pratt, Mrs. C. D. Cook, Mrs. J. Ens-
worth, Mrs. S. P. Churchill, Mrs. H. A. Hurlburt, Mrs. L. L. Deming, Mrs. W. D. McBride,
Mrs. J. W. Sargeant, Mrs. William May, Mrs. G. Wood worth, Mrs. W. Wellhouse, Mrs.
J. H. Sargent, Mrs. P. G. Watmough, Mrs. J. J. Myers, Mrs. William Shipherd, Mrs. W.
P. Smith, Mrs. R. T. Lyon, Misses Ariel Hanna, Louise Gardner, Fanny Paine,. Mary
Mahan, Ruth Kellogg, Sarah Walworth, Mary Lodge, Clara Miles, Nina Miles, Lizzie
Dockstader, Emma Hancock, Lizzie Pheatt, Harriet Hurlburt, Alice McCurdy, Jessie Fox,
Mary Stetson, Lily Walton, Fanny Smith, Lily Barstow, Mary J. Blair, Hattie Blair, M.
Barstow, S. Barstow, Fanny Gardner, Clara Hurlburt, Libbie Fitch, S. Petta, L. Robinson,
Emily Stair, Mary Stair, Lucy Blair, Nelly Blair, Kate Larrimore, Sarah Gardner, OUie
Coon, Mary Lane, Mattie Tilden, Julia Durgin, Matilda Pickands, Julia Kellogg.
ON PRODUCE.
J. G. Hussey, Chairman ; Geo. W. Gardner, Secretary ; O. M. Oviatt, R. T. Lyon, J. G.
Simmons, W. H. Sholl, C. J. Comstock, M. B. Scott, George Sprague, T. Walton, J. H.
Gorham, P. Chamberlin, N. Heisel, Addison Hills, Thomas Burnham, H. M. Hall, A. C.
Hubbell, A. J. Wenham, L. A. Pierce, William Melhinch, T. W. Evans, F. Raymond, H.
S. Davis, J. H. Clark, A. V. Cannon, P. H. Babcock, M. B. Clark, B. H. Stair, Chauncey
Prentiss, George Sinclair, William Rockefeller, William Murray, Robert Hanna, H. Harvey,
A. Burgert, S. F. Lester, Charles Bradburn, George Corning, R. S. Weaver, B. Brownell,
J. Bash, Toledo ; G. D. Bates, Akron ; H. A. Foster, Minerva ; Hull & Buss, Oneida ; L. S.
& C. A. Crim, Gallon ; L. K. Warner, Newark ; Isaac Steese, Massillon ; John Dickson,
Bolivar; E. Burnett, Canal Dover; A Woodward, Bellevue; George Thornton, Sandusky;
H. S. Lucas, Marion ; J. M. Johnson, Oberlin ; D. T. Haines, Muncie ; Samuel Bartlett,
Canal Winchester ; Hills & Co., Delaware; O. J. Mauzy, Union City; Morrison & Dins-
more, Erie, Pa. ; R. M. N. Taylor, Meadville, Pa. ; A. Wallace, Indianapolis, Ind.
ON MACHINERY AND MANUFACTURES.
M. C. Younglove, Chairman ; George Worthington, Charles Whitaker, Wm. F. Smith,
E. C. Garlick, Alton Pope, R. P. Myers, Jacob Lowman, William Hart, Geo. A. Stanley,
Jacob Hovey, E. C. Bacon, S. A. Jewett, C. J. Woolson, S. M. Carpenter, Wm. Marriott,
John P. Holt, G. W. Sizer, Charles Wason, G. W. Morrell, C. Koch, James Seaborn, J.
W. Britton, Wm. Dewitt, John Young, Robert Knight, J. G. Graham, A. M. Hazen, Thos.
Jones, Jr., C. S. Ransom, Walter Farnan, J. F. Holloway, E. W. Brooks, F. D. Stone ;
James Ward, Jr., Niles ; N. B. Gates, Elyria ; Gen'l C. P. Buckingham, Mt. Vernon ; C. L.
Boalt, Norwalk ; P. P. Sanford, Painesville ; Marvin Kent, Kent ; R. F. Russell, Toledo ;
J. H. Brown, Youngstown ; J. W. Williams, Chagrin Falls ; C. Aultman, Massillon ; Clem-
ent Russell, Massillon; A. Kent, Akron; D. K. Wisell, Warren; Liddell & McCarty,
Erie, Pa.
Ibok, Stbbl and Coppeb.— a. G. Smith, A. B. Stone, C. A. Otis, Henry Chisholm, Migor
Collins.
OoBRBSPONDENCB.— A. H. Masscy, N. W. Taylor, P. E. Schrieber, F. O. Bacon, W. H.
Burrldge.
ON MERCHANDISE.
William Bingham, Chairman ; C. W. Coe, Secretary ; L. Alcott, S. D. McMillan, O. A.
Brooks, E. I. Baldwin, H. D. Kendall, A. G. Colwell, L. L. Lyon, L. F. Burgess, J. B.
Cobb, N. E. Crittenden, E. Stair, F. C. Keith, W. P. Fogg, J. B. Parish, S. M. Strong, H.
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APPENDIX E. . 455
L. Crowell, A. Rettberg, J. H. Chase, J. A. Vincent, John Shelley, O. A. Childs, G. W.
Whitney, S. S. Lyon, J. W. Sargent, William T. Smith, A. S. Gardner, E. W. Sackrider,
Charles Q. Bratenahl, R. R. Root, E. L. Dodd, B. Butts, W. D. Baker, George Whitelaw,
H. A. Stephens, R. J. Fuller, C. E. Morse, J. Marchand, William Lowrle, Peter Diemer,
Wm. Beckcnbach, B. F. Rouse, S. Coming, C. S. Bragg, W. B. Hancock, George P. Mar-
shall, R. P. Cattrall, W. R. Mould, E. 8. Willard, W. H. Truscott, Carlos Benton, Capt. D.
P. Nickerson, E. C. Tope, P. W. Rice, Isaac A. Isaacs, E. M. Flynt, D. W. Cross, S. M.
Cady, John E. White, J. H. Weed, M. Halle, Henry Hill.
ON WOOD AND COAL.
J. V. N. Yates, Chairman ; J. F. Card, James Farmer, John Hays, Allen Jones, J. P.
Price, William McReynolds, E. N. Hammond, Capt. Lacey, W. W. Crawford, Freeman
Butts.
ON BOOTHS AND FANCY TABLES.
Mrs. Fayette Brown, Chairman ; Mrs. A. B. Stone, Mrs. William Bingham, Mrs. D. P.
Rhodes, Mrs. J. H. Chase, Mrs. E, B. Hale, Mrs. William Collins, Mrs. J. G. Hussey, Mrs.
F. A. Sterling, Mrs. Robert Hanna, Mrs. H. M Chapln, Mrs. D. Chittenden.
ON FANCY ARTICLES.
Mrs. A. G. Colwell, Chairman ; Mrs. A. W. Fairbanks, Secretary ; Mrs. W. J. Boardman,
Mrs. S. J. Miller, Mrs. W. D. Cushlng, Mrs. George Wllley, Mrs. F. J. Prentiss, Mrs. R.
F. Paine, Mrs. J. M. Sterling, Jr., Mrs. J. M. Richards, Mrs. A. Stone, Jr., Mrs. D. P.
Eells, Mrs. D. R. Tllden, Mrs. A. A. Adams, Mrs. G. E. Herrick, Mrs. A. J. Moulton, Mrs.
Joseph Perkins, Mrs. P. Roeder, Mrs S. B. Prentiss, Mrs. L. D. Rncker, Mrs. H. Iddings,
Mrs. J. B. Merlam, Mrs. L. Buttles, Mrs. J. C. Sanders, Mrs. D. Howe, Mrs. A. G. Law-
rence, Mrs. W. W. Andrews, Mrs. A. G. Riddle, Mrs. W. P. Fogg, Mrs. Charles Lepper,
Mrs. Isaac A. Isaacs, Mrs. A. Rettberg, Mrs. S. Chamberlain, Mrs. F. X. Byerly, Mrs. C.
G. Bratenahl, Mrs. Alfred Ely, Mrs. Fanny Parsons, Mrs. B. F. Pelxotto, Mrs. J. H. De
Witt, Mrs. Fitch Adams, Mrs. S. H. Boardman, Mrs. William Bradford, Mrs. E. I. Baldwin,
Mrs. H. R. Hatch, Mrs. C. R. Evatt, Mrs. J. M. Hughes, Mrs. C. A. Crumb, Mrs. Robert
Knight, Mrs. T. H. Hawks, Mrs. S. W. Crittenden, Mrs. J. A. Thome, Mrs. J. H. Rylance,
Mrs. Thomas Bolton, Mrs. H. C. Luce, Mrs. H. Garrettson, Mrs. 8. K. Davis, Mrs. J. V.
Painter, Mrs. H. P. Weddell, Mrs. Wm. G. Williams, Mrs. E. C. Rouse, Mrs. A. T. Brins-
made, Mrs. W. W. Wright, Mrs. S. O. Grlswold, Mrs. H. C. Gaylord, Mrs. William Hll-
llard, Mrs. L. Austin, Mrs. C. C. Cobb, Mrs. E. Ransom, Mrs. S. Bralnard, Mrs. George
W. Gardner, Mrs. W. D. Baker, Mrs. J. Singer.
Misses Prentiss, S. S. Hall, Sarah Fitch, M. J. Blair, Sarah Walworth, Sarah Stanley,
Alice Fairbanks, Belle Carter, Nelly Russell, Nelly Wick, Florence Wick, Amelia Burton,
Frances Foote, Agnes Foote, Emily Stair, Nelly Andrews, Hattie Colwell, Fanny Col-
well, Marlon Clark, Annie Clark, Kitty Worley, Mary Goodwin, Mattle Tllden, Kitty Kelly,
Augi)«»ta Rhodes.
ON FLORAL HALL.
Mrs. Dr. E. Sterling, Chairman ; Laura W. Sterling, Secretary ; F. R. Elliott, Superin-
tendent ; Joseph Perkins, H. B. Hurlburt, S. Witt, H. F. Clark, C G. Bratenahl, A. Mcin-
tosh, William Rattle, Geo. A. Stanley, Dr. E. Taylor, Dr. W. H. Beaumont, J. Klrkpatrlck,
William Crowell, Geo. Hoyt, James Fitch, C. Chandler, Dr. G. F. Turrlll, Morris Jackson,
John L. Mcintosh, Henry Hoyt, William Root.
Mrs. S. Witt, Mrs. John Shelley, Mrs. H. B. Hurlburt, Mrs. W. H. Beaumont, Mrs. E. S.
Root, Mrs. L. Prentiss, Mrs. E. Taylor, Mrs. C. A. Hayes, Mrs. J. H. Sargent, Mrs. Wm.
Smythe, Mrs. T. N. Bond, Mrs, F. R. Elliott, Mrs. G. F. Turrlll, Mrs. J. D. Hurd.
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456 APPENDIX E.
Mifises Jotiie Wheeler, E. Streator, M. Streator, Helen Cutter, Mary Stevens, Augusta
Rhodes, Nelly Russell, Fanny Hoyt, Illie Crawford, Emma Witt, Laura W. Hilliard, M.
Mcintosh, Lizzie Bolton, H. Doane, A. Doane.
Dr. J. P. Kirtland, Dr. and Mrs. Hoffman, Mrs. Lewis Nicholson, Mrs. Charles Pease,
Gov. and Mrs. Wood, Mr. and Mrs. George B. Merwin, Rockport ; E. P. Baesett, Mrs. J.
A. Scott, Mrs. Israel Hall, Toledo; J. Storrs, J. J. Harrison. Mrs. Horace Steele, Jr., Mrs.
P. P. Sanford, Rev. J. A. Brayton, Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Avery, Painesvdlle ; C. L. Boalt,
John Gardner, J. H. Beardeley, Mr. and Mrs. S. T. Worcester, Norwalk ; Messrs. Luce
& Strong, Ashtabula ; Mrs. C. Arthur Ely, Mrs. Heman Ely, Elyria ; H. S. Abbey, David
L. King, Akron ; E. N. Sill, J. H. Cook, Cuyahoga Falls ; S. B. Marshall, Mrs. L. Teller,
Miss Jane Watson, Massillon ; J. P. Robison, Bedford ; H. B. Lum, H. Dewey, Mrs. O.
Follett, Sandusky; William Porter, Mrs. Henry B. Perkins, Mrs. Frederick Kinsman,
Mrs. Barton Fitch, Mrs. O. Morgan, Warren ; H. Manning, W. S. Crawford. Youngstown ;
Hon. and Mrs. John Sherman, Mrs. Charles T. Sherman, Mansfield; S. Bieler, Zoar; S.
W. Campbell, Delaware; Mr. Bonsall, Salem; E. Stone, Mrs. McClure, Milan; M. B. Bate-
ham, A. Hanneford, Columbus; Dr. Jcwett, Middlebury; Robert Johnston, Rootstown;
N. Kelly, Mr. and Mrs. Carpenter, Mrs. E. Huntington, Kelly's Island; Mrs. Ruggles
Wright, Huron ; R. P. Fulkerson, Ashland ; H. K. Morse, Poland ; H. H. Myers, Canton ;
Charles Coit, Euclid ; Mrs. E. A. Slingluff, Canal Dover; E. Huidekoper, Meadville, Pa. ;
Alfred Curtis, Sharon, Pa. ; T. L. Shields. Sewickley, Pa.
ON TABLES AND TABLE FURNITURE.
William Edwards and Mrs. M. C. Younglove, Chairmen; John M. Sterling, Jr., J. B.
Parsons, Capt. J. Ensworth, John A. Wheeler, E. S. Flint, C. R. Evatt, W. H. ShoU, M.
A. Hanna, W. R. Mould, George Stowell, M. A. Brown, Henry Bingham, Mrs. H. L. Cro-
well, Mrs. N. W. Taylor, Mrs. J. G. Hussey, Mrs. L. Alcott, Mrs. S. Coming, Mrs. H. C.
Blossom, Mrs. James Wade, Jr., Mrs. S. Starkweather, Mrs. E. S. Flint, Mrs. John Brough,
Mrs. C. J. Ballard, Mrs. O. A. Brooks, Mrs. B. F. Rouse, Mrs. E. Cowles, Mrs. Jas. Mason,
Mrs. L. F. Mellen, Mrs. Geo. Chapman, Mrs. T. R. Chase, Mrs. A. C. Keating, Mrs. D. P.
Rhodes, Mrs. Dr. Cassels, Mrs. Geo. H. Russell, Mrs. L. A. Pierce, Mrs. C. L. Rhodes, Mrs.
E. T. Sterling, Mrs. Wm. C. North, Mrs* E. A. Scovill, Mrs. H. L. Whitman, Mrs. O. N.
Skeels, Mrs. B. Butts, Mrs. Geo. B. Ely, Mrs. Wm. Robinson, Mrs. S. A. Jewett, Mrs. E.
L. Knowlton, Mrs. J. E. Turner, Mrs. A. Fuller, Mrs. Edw'd Bingham, Mrs. J. Ross, Mrs.
B. F. Collins, Mrs. A. P. Winslow, Mrs. S. H. Sheldon, Mrs. J. A. Thome, Mrs. Carlos
Benton, Mrs. G. W. Whitney, Mrs. A. J. Breed, Miss Annette Bamett, Miss Scott.
ON REFRESHMENTS.
Mrs. Thomas Bumham. Chairman ; Miss Anne Walworth, Secretary.
Soliciting and Receiving.— Mrs. William T. Smith, Mrs. E. F. Gaylord, Mrs. P. M.
Weddell, Mrs. Philo Scovill, Mrs. Rob't Hanna, Mrs. Dr. John Wheeler, Mrs. Geo. Mygatt,
Mrs. P. Thatcher, Jr., Mrs. J; A. Foot, Mrs. Silas Belden, Mrs. James Farmer, Mrs. John
Crowell, Mrs. Wm. Lemen, Mrs. O. M. Oviatt, Mrs. A. S. Sanford, Mrs. C. Stetson, Mrs.
Dr. Starkey, Mrs. Geo. C. Dodge, Mrs. L. Crawford, Mrs. H. Wick, Mrs. Harvey Rice,
Mrs. H. Harvey, Mrs. H. Garrettson, Mrs. W. S. Streator, Mrs. Charles Wlieeler, Mrs. T.
S. Beckwith, Mrs. C. A. Dean, Mrs. J. M. Richards, Mrs. D. Chittenden, Mrs. J. H. Chase,
Mrs. S. Raymond, Mrs. H. A. Hurlburt, Mrs. J. Beverlin, Mrs. A. Qulnn, Mrs. W. R. Henry,
Mrs. D. G. Branch, Mrs. M. C. Arter, Mrs. W. D. McBride, Mrs. J. G. Hussey, Mrs. J.
Stoppel, Mrs. Geo. A. Hyde, Mrs. C. Wason, Mrs. I. T. Stevens, Mrs. J. Dickinson, Mrs.
J. Ensworth, Mrs. W. P. Southworth, Mrs. J. J. Rockefeller, Mrs. S. W. Johnson, Mrs.
P. Roeder, Mrs. O. E. Huntington, Mrs. Alfred Ely, Mrs, M. Crapser, Mrs. Dr. Horton,
Mrs. H. N. Bauder, Mrs. W. B. Hancock, Mrs. H. C. Gaylord, Mrs. Dr. T. P. Wilson, Mrs.
D. W. Cross, Mrs. S. R. Beckwith, Mrs. L. C. Butts, Mrs. L. W. Curtiss, Mrs. George II
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APPENDIX E. 457
Warmington, Mrs. H. Hurd, Mrs. G. W. Jones, Mrs. L. L. Demlng, Mrs. Sam'l M. Strong,
Mrs. C. L. Jones, Mrs. S. Jackson, Mrs. J. C. Buell, Mrs. C. C. Cobb, Mrs. Geo. Whitelaw,
Mrs. Robert Knight, Mrs. J. H. Sargent, Mrs. Bissett, Mrs. Harbeck, Misses Clara Hyde,.
Susie Northrup, Mary Stair, O. J. Bander.
IcB Cbeam and Cake.— Mrs. Joseph Lyman, Mrs. Henry Sizer, Mrs. Wm. Edwards,
Mrs. J. C. Grannie, Mrs. H. Harvey, Mrs. J. M. Hnghes, Mrs. S. J. Miller, Mrs. H. G.
Abbey, Mrs. D. W. Cross, Mrs. Geo. W. Howe, Mrs. A. S. Gorham, Mrs. E. C. Monld,
Mrs. E. N. Keyes, Mrs. L. B. French, Mrs. O. A. Knight, Mrs. S. O. Griswold, Mrs. C. A.
Otis, Mrs. Thomas Bolton, Mrs. R. P. Ranney, Mrs. R. B. Dennis, Mrs. S. J. Lewis, Mrs.
A. M. Harman, Mrs. H. S. Stevens, Mrs. C. L. Russell, Mrs. A. E. Adams, Miss Julia
Newberry, Miss M. J. Blair, Miss Bowlesby.
Oysters.— Mrs. L. L. Lyon, Mrs. Wm. Mittleberger, Mrs. L. Rawson, Mrs. H. V. Will-
son, Mrs. Horace Foote, Mrs. B. Butts, Mrs. S. D. McMillan, Mrs. T. M. Kelley, Mrs. Jas.
Bamett, Mrs. S. J. Andrews, Mrs. D. P. Rhodes, Mrs. J. H. Wade, Mrs. G. W. Whitney,
Mrs. L. Alcott, Mrs. John Coon, Mrs. Wm. Shepard, Mrs. Charles Whitaker, Mrs. J. M.
Coffinberry, Mrs. W. J. Gordon, Mrs. George H. Burritt, Mrs, J. C. Calhoun.
Coffee.— Mrs. Wm. Rattle, Mrs. James F. Clark, Mrs. O. C. Scovill, Mrs. R. F. Paine,
Mrs. Charles Hickox, Mrs. C. D. Brayton, Mrs. H. D. Kendall, Mrs. IL C. Yates, Mrs.
Daniels, Mrs. B. Harrington, Mrs. T. P. Handy, Mrs. F. T. Backus, Mrs. S. L. Mather,
Mrs L L. Clark, Mrs. Dudley Baldwin, Mrs. S. H. Mather, Mrs. George B. Senter, Mrs.
S. H. Kimball, Mrs. J. A. Hart, Mrs. Henry Newberry, Mrs. G. A. Tisdale, Mrs. H. B.
Tuttle, Mrs. John E Cary, Mrs. E. Shepard, Mrs. J. Merriam, Mrs. C. E. Gorham.
ON MEMORIALS AND CURIOSITIES.
H. P. Brayton, CTiairman ; Col. Chas. Whittlesey, Col. C. C. Goddard, T. R. Chase,
H. W. Boardman, J. S. Perley, Dr. J. S. Newberry, George E. Beebee, Edwin Cowles,
H. B. Hurlbnrt, R. C. Parsons, Dr. T. Garlick, John Coon, J. G. Graham, Carlos A.
Smith, Henry A. Smith, Col. O. H. Payne, Capt. B. A. Stanard, Dr. E. Sterling, R. K.
Wiijslow, W. W. Chandler, W. L. Cutter, Capt. J. M. Lundy, H. C. Luce, Geo. A. Stanley,
E. Hessenmueller ; Dr. J. P. Kirtland, Geo. B. Merwin, Rockport; Prof. H. E. Peck, Ober-
lin ; Prof. N. P. Seymour, Hudson ; W. H. Upson, Akron ; Col. Huidekoper, Meadville, Pa.
Mrs. Dr. E. Gushing, Mrs. A. B. Stone, Mrs. Chas. Pease, Mrs. Dr. Hopkins, Mrs. Rum-
ney, Mrs. H. M. Chapin, Mrs. C. C. Goddard, Mrs. Dr. J. C. Schenck, Mrs. W. L. Cutter,
Mrs. E. M. Livermore, Mrs. Dr. J. S. Newberry, Mrs. Theodore Hocke, Mrs. K. Hays;
Mrs. O. Follett, Sandusky.
Misses Belle Brayton, Julia Huntington, Sophie Hensch, Berta Sterne, Abby Rhodes,
Charlotte Black.
ON FINE ART HALL.
Wm. J. Boardman, Chairman ; Geo. Willey, H. F. Clark, Dr. A. Maynard, R. K. Wins-
low, F. W. Parsons, Rev. Dr. Goodrich, Rev. Dr. Starkey, Rt. Rev. Bishop Rappe, B. J.
Cobb, Leonard Case, H. C. Gaylord, Joseph Perkins, Wm. Bingham, J. P. Ryder, W. C.
North, C. W. Stimpson, J. M. Greene, J. W. Sargeant, H. B. Castle, J. Clough, D. O. Cole,
Wm. Crowell, E. R. Perkins, A. Sharpies.
Mrs. Fayette Brown, Mrs. Wm. Bingham, Mrs. F. W. Parsons, Mrs. Geo. Willey, Mrs.
D. O. Cole, Miss Cleveland, Miss A. Walworth, Miss C. L. Ransom.
ON MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENTS.
T. P. Handy, Chairman ; F. X. Byerly, E. P. Sargeant, Geo. W. Brainard, J. Undemer,
E. C. Rouse, J. M. Leland, J. A. Redington, E. B. Allen, E. Stair, J. G. Graham.
31
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458 APPENDIX R
ON TABLEAUX.
Geo. WlUey, Chairman ; Geo. H. Ely, Secretary; R. C. Parsons, Dr. C. A, Terry, Dr. A.
Maynard, Geo. W. Brainard, E. Cowles, Joseph Bralnard, W. J. Boardman, C. W. Palmer,
Carlos A. Smith, Dr. T. GarUck, Fred. C. Prentiss, Charles C. Carter.
Mrs. Geo. W. Brainard, Mrs. W. D. Cashing, Mrs. Joseph Brainard, Mrs. Geo. H. Bnr-
ritt, Mrs. Wm. Edwards, Mrs. Geo. WlUey, Mrs. W. C. North, Mrs. J. V. N. Yates, Mrs.
E. M. Livermore, Mrs. Geo. H. Ely, Mrs. D. P. Rhodes, Mrs. D. O. Cole, Mrs. W. B.
Castle, Mrs. C. J. Woolson. Mrs. H. W. Boardman, Mrs. R. C. Parsons, Mrs. W. J. Board-
man, Miss E. L. Bissell, Miss Julia Mathews, Miss Anna Walters, Miss Woolson ; Miss
Annie Brayton, Painesville.
Dramatics.— Col. Z. 8. Spalding, Dr. T. P. Wilson, Col. C. C. Goddard, F. W. Parsons,
D. O. Cole, J. V. N. Yates, H. Clay White, Chas. Childs, Wm. Crowell, Mrs. William
Edwards, Miss Vaughan, Miss Julia W. Terry, Miss Mary W. Benedict, Miss Mattie Til-
den, Miss Carrie W. Grant ; Mrs. Stanley L. Noble, Painesville.
ON LECTURES.
D. P. Eells, Chairman ; J. B. Meriam, O. A. Brooks, Chas. W. Palmer, B. F. Peixotto.
ON REGISTRATION.
John F. Warner, Chairman ; Col. C. C. Goddard, L. F. Mellen, A. T. Brinsmade, CoL
Geo. S. Mygatt, O. N. Skeels, H. S. WhitUesey, Earl Bill, H. G. Abbey, Felix Nicola.
ON PRINTING AND STATIONERY.
A. W. Fairbanks, Chairman ; E. Cowles, J. A. Harris, J. S. Stephenson, J. Feather-
stone, W. R. Nevins, C. C. Cobb, N. W. Taylor, A. Thieme, W. D. Baker, E. Sanford, C.
S. Bragg, M. W. Veits, S. W. Savage.
ON MILITARY.
Col. W. H. Hayward, Chairman; Col. J. N. Frazee, Capt. F. W. Pelton, Capt. J. Ensworth.
ON POLICE.
Col. J. N. Frazee, Chairman ; T. N. Bond, N. P. Payne.
CASHIERS.
T. P. Handy, Treas.; James J. Tracy, W. E. Clarke, Henry W. Boardman, S. L. Severance,
A. H. Wick, L. H. Severance, J. C. Buell ; J. Theodore Briggs, Titusville, Pa.
AUDITING COMMITTEE.
H. M. Chapin, A. Stone, Jr.
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APPE2^DIX E. 459
TABLEAUX AND AMATEUR THEATRICALS.
BBKBFIT OF 80LBISB8' HOKE.
Brainard's Hall, March, 1865.
(Page 838.1
TABLEAUX COMMITTEE.
Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Edwards, Dr. and Mrs. E. Sterling, Mr. and Mr«. Edward M. Liver-
more, Mr. and Mrs. Geo. W. Bralnard, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Brainard, Mr. and Mrs. Gteo.
Willey, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. D. Cushlng, Mr. and Mrs. Frank W. Parsons, Mr. and Mrs. J.
V. N. Yates, Miss Atwater.
DRAMATIC CLUB.
Mr. and Mrs. S. K. Davis, Mr. J. H. Bessell, Mr. G. F. Bingham, Mr. H. B. DeWolf, Mr.
G. McLanghlin, Miss E. Spangler.
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS OF THE U. S. SANITARY COMMISSION
Appointed Nov., 1861, Cleveland 0.
(Page 277.)
Dr. J. S, Newberry, Benjamin Rouse, Stillman Witt, Joseph Perkins, T. P. Handy.
Wm. Bingham, M. C. Younglove, A. Stone, Jr., Dr. E. Cashing, Dr. Alleyne Maynard, E.
8. Flint.
Dr. J. S. Newberry, President. Benjamin Ronse, Vice President and Treasurer. Dr.
Alleyne Maynard, Secretary.
WARD RELIEF COMMITTEES.
(Pages 21 and 276.)
SECOND WARD.— Geo. A. Benedict, Prbs. ; Mrs. J. V. Painter, Sec. ; Mrs. P. J. Pren-
tiss, Trbas. Committbe.— Mrs. S. WiUiamson, Mrs. H. H. Little, Mrs. Wm. Mittleberger,
Mrs. Chas. A. Terry, Mrs. Wm. T. Smith, Mrs. J. J. Rockefeller, Mrs. A. W. Fairbanks.
THIRD WARD.— Mr. and Mrs. Randall Crawford, Mrs. J. O. Seymour, Mrs. Peter
Thatcher, Mrs. J. A. Harris, Mrs L. M. Cobb, Mrs. S. Belden.
FOURTH WARD.— Hon. R. P. Spalding, Mrs. Geo. H. Wyman, Mrs. N. W. Taylor.
FIFTH WARD.— Joseph Perkins, Prbs. ; L. F. Meares, Sec. and Tbeas. Commit-
tee.—Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Stone, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. J. Boardman, Mr. and Mrs. A. Stone,
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460 APPENDIX K
Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Wm. CoUiilB, Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Hickoz, Mr. and Mrs. T. P. Handy,
Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Buell, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Chisholm, Mrs. Geo. C. Dodge, Mrs. Capt.
Jaflfray, Mrs. T. M. Kelley, Mrs. Horace Kelley, Joseph Sturgls, Wm. Heisley, W. Lowrey,
B. Tunte, N. P. Payne. Thomas Purcell.
Amount expended, $7,433.63.
EIGHTH WARD.— S. W. Johnson, Mrs. M. A. Brown, Mrs. W. B. Guyles.
NINTH WARD.— Nelson Sanford, Mrs. D. P. Rhodes, Mrs. J. H. Sargent.
TENTH WARD.— Chas. R. Evatt, Mrs. Bissett.
ELEVENTH WARD.— Thomas Dixon, Mrs. F. B. Pratt, Mrs. A. H. Blake.
RECEPTION COMMITTEE.
(Page 850.)
From thb Council.— F. W. Pelton, Amos Townsend, Randall Crawford, Joseph Stur-
gis, G. W. Calkins.
County Military Committee.— Wm. Bingham, Wm. Edwards, E. Hessenmueller, P.
Nicola, Stilhnan Witt, Geo. B. Senter, H. M. Chapin, Fayette Brown.
Citizens' Committee.— Col. James Bamett, Col. W. H. Hay ward, Col. Q. H. Payne,
Bolivar Butts, C. W. Palmer, Joseph Perkins, A. Everett, M. R. Keith, Nelson Purdy,
Philo Chamherlin, Jno. C. Grannis.
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APPENDIX F.
BRANCH SOCIETIES.
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462 APPENDIX F.
BRANCH SOCIETIES,
AKRON, Summit Co.
Prbs., Mrs. C. P. Wolcott, Mre. S. H. Coburn, Mrs. E. P. Green, Mrs. H. S. Abbey;
Vice PRES.,MrB. Capt. Howe, Mrs. Delos Smith ; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. E. Oviatt, Mrs. C.
Brown, Mrs. L. B. Austin, Miss E. B. Howe, Miss Sarah T. Peck, Mrs. W. B. Raymond.
ALBION, Ekie Co., Pa.
Pres., Mrs. Francis Randall ; Sec, Mrs. L. W. Flower ; Aq^nt, L. D. Davenport.
ALLIANCE, Stark Co.
Pres., Mrs. Dr. E. L. S. Thomas, Mrs. E. Amerman ; Sec, Mrs. A. C. Pickett, Miss
Kate McKee ; Treas., Mrs. Geo. M. Bates.
AMBOT, Ashtabula Co.
Pres., Mrs. Electa A. Veits, Mrs. E. Hewit; Sec, Miss Sylvia C. Barrett, Miss A. B.
Greenlee ; Treas., Mrs. Fannie E. Rathbun, Mrs. L. Hickock.
AMHERST, Lorain Co.
north AMHERST.— Pres., Mrs. H. Warner, Mrs. H. E. Mussey ; Sec, Miss M. L.
Shupe, Mrs. C. B. Carhart, Mrs. L. S. Oldfield ; Treas., Mrs. H. Hirsching.
NORTH-WEST AMHERST.— Pres., Mrs. Curtis Bailey; Vice Pres., Mrs. William
Onstino ; Sec, Miss Hattie Clough ; Dirbctors, Mrs. A. Knowles, Mrs. W. Johnston,
Mrs. Ann R. Blake.
SOUTH AMHERST.— Pres., Mrs. J. C. Jackson ; Sec, Mrs. R. P. Gibbs ; Treas., Miss
D. A. Dnrand.
ANDOVER, Ashtabula Co.
ANDOVER.— Pres., Mrs. P. C. Hyde; Vice Pres., Mrs. Phebe Putney ; Sec.,. Miss
Ellen M. Wade ; Treas., Miss M. A. Wade.
' NORTH ANDOVER— Pres., Mrs. P. Cook; Vice Pres., Mrs. S. Case ; Sec, Miss M.
E. Belden, Miss A. M. Sperry ; Treas., Mrs. E. Smith.
Estimated Contribution, $75.
WEST ANDOVER.— Pres., Mrs. Harriet Osbom; Sec, Miss Marcia Owen ; Treas.,
Miss Bernice Galpine.
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APPENDIX F. 463
ANNAPOLIS, Jefferson Co.
Pbsb., Mrs. Harriet M. Manning ; Vice Pbes., Mrs. John Schultz ; Sec, Mrs. Axnoe Clo-
man ; Trbas., Mrs. Joshua Barnes.
ASHLAND, Ashland Co.
Pbes., Mrs. Orlow Smith, Mrs. J. B. Coffin ; Vice Prbs., Mrs. Wm. Osbop, Mrs. Wick;
Sec., Mrs. J. O. Jennings, Mrs. J. H. McCombs, Mrs. Sophie Sprengle ; Tbbas., Mrs. Thos.
Arthur, Mrs. A. F. Topping.
ASHTABULA, Ashtabula Co.
ASHTABULA No. 1.— Pres., Mrs. Wm. G Benham ; Sec. and Tubas., Mrs. H. HarrU.
ASHTABULA No. 2.— Pres., Mrs. James Bonnar; Vice Pres., Mrs. H. E. Parsons;
Sec, Miss Sara M. Schoonmaker ; Tre^s., Mrs. J. B. Hurlbnrt ; Directors, Mrs. S. B.
WeUs, Mrs. J. P. Robertson, Mrs. J. Mansfield, Mrs. E. C. Strong, Mrs. H. C. Toombs,
Mrs. G. Scoville, Mrs. Morton, Mrs. Weatherwax.
Disbursements estimated at $1,850.
EAST ASHTABULA.— Pres., Mrs. H. Field, Mrs. Watrous ; Sec, Miss Anna E. Luce,
Miss Emily C. HaD, Miss Cordelia Caldwell ; Tbbas., Mrs. G. Streeter.
ASHTABULA, NORTH Rn)GE.— Pres., Mrs. John Sill ; Vice Pres., Mrs. P. Sweet ;
Trbas., Miss L. Sweet.
Cash expended, $40. Supplies valued at $150.
ASHTABULA, SOUTH RIDGE.— Pres., Mrs. P. B. Stevens ; Sec. and Tbbas., Miss
Nettie Stevens.
AT WATER, Portage Co.
Pres., Mrs. Addison Wolcott, Mrs. H. E. Mansfield ; Sec and Trbas., Mrs. H. E. Brush .
Estimated cash disbursement, $900.
AUBURN, Geauga Co.
AUBURN.— Pres., Mrs. J. Mayhew ; Sec, Miss Laura Woods.
AUBURN CORNERS.— Pbes., Mrs. R. P. Parkman; Sec, Mrs. O. S. Crane; Trbas.,
Mrs. John Bowler.
SOUTH AUBURN.— Pbes., Mrs. P. Howland, Mrs. Charles Crocker; Vice Pbbs., Mrs.
A. A. Snow ; Sec, Mrs. Frank Canfield, Mrs. James Button ; Tbbas., Miss M. E. Reed.
AURORA, Portage Co.
Pbes., Mrs. Worthy Taylor ; Vice Pres., Mrs. R. P. Cannon ; Sec and Tbbas., Mrs. L
S. Graves, Mrs. F. B. Cannon ; Directors, Mrs. H. A. Waldo, Mrs. Charles Root, Mrs.
Sally Parker.
Value of disbursements, $918.46.
AUSTINBURGH, Ashtabula Co.
Pres., Rev. Mrs. Barber, Mrs. J. B. Beach; Vice Pres., Mrs. M. W. Pulis ; Sec, Miss
Emily Plumb, Mrs. D. S. Alvord ; Trbas., Miss M. Griffis ; Directors, Mrs. Julius Foote.
Mrs. F. Pierce, Mrs. J. Reed, Mrs Miller, Mrs. Whiting, Miss N. Healy.
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464 APPENDIX F.
AVON, Lorain Co.
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.— Prbs., Mrs. M. A. B. Townshend; Sbc. aad Tbbab.,
Mrs. J. B. Wood.
FRENCH CREEK.— P»E8., Mrs. H. H. WilllamB ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Jamee E. Brooke ;
Sec, MisB A. M. Fleming, Miss Addle Sawyer; Tbbas., Mrs. Frederick Whipple : Dikect-
OB8, Mise R. Clifton, Miss S. J. Wilson, Mrs. J. M. Lent.
Aggregate value of Contribations, $1,262.15. Cash to Sanitary Fair, $72.40. To soldiers'
families, wood, clothing and provisions, $606.
BAIN BRIDGE, Geauga Co.
Prks., Mrs. Jeremiah Root, Mrs. Rnfiis Pettibone ; Vice Prks , Mrs. W. Howard, Mrs.
Ambrose Bliss; Sec, Miss Emma M. Root, Miss Clarissa Pettibone ; Tbkas., Mrs. H. J.
Stowell, Miss Harriet Root.
Cash disbursed, $376.09.
BATH, Summit Co.
BATH.— Pres., Mrs. S. B. Hard; Sec, Miss M. A. Salter; Trbas., Mrs. William Davis.
WEST BATH.— Pres., Mrs. S. B. Hurd; Sec, Miss Lizzie Houston ; Treas., Miss Cor-
delia Shaw.
BAUGHMAN, Wayne Co.
Pres., Mrs. J. Evans, Mrs. J. F. Wilson, Mrs. Mary Douglas ; Vice Pres., Miss S. J.
Noble; Sbc, Miss Emma McFarland, Miss E. S. Latimer, Miss Kate M. Morrow; Tbbas.,
Mrs. F. D. McFarland, Mrs. Sophia Keffer.
BAZETTA, Tkumbull Co.
Pres., Mrs. Margaret E. Brown ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Henry Freer, Mrs. Joel Casterline ;
Sec, Miss Eliza Webb, Miss Celinda Wilniot; Treas., Mrs. Eben Faunce, Mrs. Aaron
Davis.
Estimated value of supplies, $789,98. Cash given to soldiers' families, $65. Total,
$864,98.
BEDFORD, Cuyahoga Co.
BEDFORD.— Pres.,' Mrs. M. L. Medary, Miss Cornelia Benedict ; Vice Pres., Mrs. F.
H. Cannon, Mrs. N. Hamlin ; Sec, Mrs. C. D. Purdy, Mrs. B. G. Streator, Miss Amelia
Young ; Treas., Mrs. E. J. Parke.
Contributed to Sanitary Fair, $200. To Cleveland Soldiers' Home, $44,50. Supplies no
estimated.
NORTH STREET.— Pres., Mrs. R. Eldred ; Vice Prbs., Mrs. William O. Taylor; Skc.
and Treas., Miss C. S. Libbey.
BEECH SPRINGS, Harrison Co.
Pres., Mrs. S. Taggart; Sec, Miss Jennie R. Moore; Treas., Miss Jennie Egleson.
BELLE VALLEY, Erie Co., Pa.
Pres., Mrs. S. A. Wood ; Vice Pres., Mrs. A. B. Gunnison ; Sec, Mrs. F. Droi^-n, Mrs.
Barbara Arbuckle; Treas., Mrs. T. Davidson.
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APPENDIX F. 465
BELLEVUE, Hukon Co.
Pbks., Mrs. B. Wood; Vicb Prbs., Mrs. E. Sumner; Sec, Mise J. Moore ; Trsas., Mrs.
W. W. Stlleon, Mrs. E. Y. Warner.
Total disbursements, $3689.81.
BENTON, Holmes Co.
Pbbs., Mrs. Suean Ewing; Sec, Miss Sallie Brown; Treas., Mrs. Eliza J. Hayes.
BENTON TOWNSHIP, Ottawa Co.
Pres., Mrs. A. Guernsey; Sec, Mrs. Mary Berry; Treas., Mrs. E. E. Ferris.
Estimated value of supplies disbursed, $500.
BE RE A, Cuyahoga Co.
BEREA SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY.— Pres., Mrs. T. BarkduU; Vice Prbs. Mrs. E.
Mills; Sec, Miss Annie Hall, Mrs. Abby Parish; Treas., Miss Jennie M. Clapp; Mana-
gers, Mrs. Stevens, Mrs. Strati on, Mrs. A. Schuyler, Miss Sara Watson, Miss Mary
Chapman.
Cash disbursed. $342,63.
BEREA BENEVOLENT SOCIETY.— Pres., Mrs. S. J. Brown, Mrs. William Murphy ;
Vice Pres., Mrs. N. M. Chapman, Mrs. Godfrey Brown ; Sec. and Treas., Miss C. A.
Marsh, Mrs. L. S. McCullough, Mrs. E. S. Parker.
Value of supplies disbursed, $462.94.
BEREA GLEANERS, JUVENILE.— Prbs., Miss Georgie Noakes ; Sec, Miss Gertie
Sprague ; Treas., Miss Nellie Adams.
BEREA JUVENILES.— Pres., Miss Jennie Sheldon ; Sec, Miss Kate Somers ; Treas.,
Miss Lucy Berwick.
BEREA WIDE-AWAKES.— Prbs., Miss Emma D. Clapp; Vice Prbs., Miss Elsie J.
Brown ; Sec, Miss Julia E. Brown ; Treas., Miss Laura Morse.
BERLIN CENTER, Mahoning Co.
Pres., Mrs. A. R. Beardsley ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Mary Wilson; Sec, Mrs. Lucy Test,
Miss M. A. Wilson; Treas., Mrs. Mary A. Hawkins; Solicitor, Mrs. C. S. Bartlett.
BERLIN HEIGHTS, Erie Co.
Pkes , Mrs. Stephen Kuecu, Mrs. Wm. Tillenhurst; Vice Pres., Mrs. John Kyle, Mrs.
Isaac Fowler ; Skc, Mrs. E. M. Cravath, Mrs. M. M. Johnson ; Treas., Mrs. J. S. Lowry.
Shipments of hospital stores not estimated. Cash and produce to N. O. Sanitary
Fair, $463.30.
BERLIN, FLORENCE and TOWNSEND UNION.
Prbs., Mrs. Caroline P. TuUer ; Sec, Mrs. Orrin Scely, Miss Mary A. Norton ; Treas.,
Miss A. Norton.
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460 APPENDIX F.
BIG PRAIRIE, Wayne Co.
PbbSm Mrs. J. B. Aylesworth ; Yicb Pbbs., Mre. E. Wells ; Sec, Mrs. L. L. Leidigh ;
Tabas., Miss Mattie Bell.
BIRMINGHAM, Erik Co.
Pres., Mrs. Joseph Swift, Sen. ; Vicb Pres., Mrs. Levi Lewis ; Sec, Miss Mary E. Ott ;
TREAS.f Miss Juliette Ott ; Dirbctors, Mrs. Hervey Leonard, Mrs. J. W. Ott, Mrs. C.
Ennis, Mrs. H. Olds, Mrs. R. E. Boozer.
BLACK RIVER, Lorain Co.
Pres., Mrs. Elizabeth Lampman, Mrs. T. H. Cobb ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Eveline Denison ;
Sec, Mrs. E. M. Rowley, Mrs. Wm. Jones ; Treas., Mrs. S. Root.
Estimated disbursements, $400. Cash to Sanitary Fair, $100.
BLOOMFIELD, Trumbull Co.
BLOOMFIELD.— Pres., Mrs. H. Andrews, Mrs. M. H. Cross ; Sec, Mrs. H. E. Pattee,
Mrs. Libbie S. Morgan ; Treas., Mrs. Lester King.
NORTH BLOOMFIELD.— Pres., Mrs. F. P. Green, Mrs. Mary Lewis ; Sec, Miss Ger-
trude C. Pond.
BLOOMING GROVE, Richland Co.
Pres., Annis Warntr ; Vice Pres., Angeline Benedict, Elizabeth Hubley ; Sec. Eunice
G. Finch, Alice Macomber, Phebe M^comber ; Treas., Eliza Reynolds ; Directors, Phi-
lena Stout, Elsie Macomber, Eliza Walker.
Cash disbursed, $95.56.
BOARDMAN, Mahoning Co.
Pres., Mrs. T. Agnew ; Sec and Treas., Miss J. Stilson.
Estimated disbursements, $80.43.
BOLIVAR, Tuscarawas Co.
Pres., Mrs. J. Dickson ; Sec, Miss Lou Hodge ; Tre^^s., Mies J. S. McMun-ay.
BOSTON, Summit Co.
BOSTON.— Pres., Mrs. Alfred Wolcott ; Sec and Treas., Mrs. Lucy Ann Post.
BOSTON STATE ROAD.— Pres., Miss Lizzie Carter, Miss Angle Shields ; Sec, Miss
L. A. Bishop ; Treas., Miss Emma Lillebddge.
BOWLING GREEN, Wood Co.
Pres., Mrs. Lucja B. Van Tassell ; Sec, Mrs. A. A. Buell, Mrs. S. L. Boughton ; Treas.,
Miss L. Lundy.
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APPENDIX F» 46?
BRACEVILLE, Trumbull Co.
BRACEVILLE.— Prbs., Mrs. Lucinda Smith ; Vice Pres., Mre. Emily P. Rice, Mrs. C.
L. Johnson ; Sbc, Mrs. J. H. Ingraham ; Trbas., Mrs. Stowe, Mrs. Laura Wood.
Estimated disbursements, $800.
EAST BRACEVILLE.— Pres., Mrs. P. E. Austin; Sec, Mrs. A. W. Parker ; Treas.'
Mrs. John Allen.
BRECKSVILLE, Cuyahoga Co.
Pres., Mrs. H. W. Dunbar ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Wm. Barr ; Sec, Miss A. Non'ille ;
Treas., Miss D. Billings.
BRIGHTON, Cuyahoga Co.
Pres., Mrs. Dr. Palmer, Mrs. C. S. (Jates ; Sec, Miss Julia A. Tieh ; Trbas., Mrs. C.
H. Babcock; Committee, Mrs. J. M. Clark, Mrs. Knowles, Mrs. G. W. Brainard ; Mrs. P.
A. Flint, Mrs. John Reeve, Mrs. Milo Fuller, Mrs. Emma Akin.
Cash disbursed, $289.70. Supplies not estimated.
BRIGHTON, Lorain Co.
Pres., Mrs. A. Smith ; Sec, Mrs. Wm. Battle ; Treas., Miss A. M. Battle.
Estimated shipments, $497.75.
BRIMFIELD, Portage Co.
BRIMFIELD.— Pres., Miss Eudocia Carter, Miss A. Lanphear ; Vice Pres., Miss Ophe-
lia A. Sawyer ; Sec, Miss Clemma Parsons ; Treas., Miss Hannah W. Carter, Miss Bosgor.
BRIMFIELD, DISTRICT No. 2.— Pres., Miss Martha Risk ; Sec, Mrs. W. A. Boham ;
Treas., Mrs. Aurelia Munn.
WEST BRIMFIELD.— Pres., Miss Alice L. Carrier ; Sec, Miss Anne C. Tuthill; Treas.,
Miss Lucy E. Wing.
Cash expended, $91.17. Supplies contributed, $479.55.
BRISTOL, Trumbull Co.
BRISTOL, NORTH CORNERS.— Pres., Mrs. Joseph Saiger ; Sec, Miss Delia M. Perry.
BRISTOLVTLLE.— Pres., Mrs. Laura McLean, Mrs. S. G. Bostwick ; Vice Pres., Mrs.
Eliza More, Mrs. Imogene Case ; Sec, Mrs. E. L. Kibbee, Miss Mary Brockett ; Treas.,
Miss Anna M. Pettingill, Miss Harriet Finney.
Estimate of shipments, $1,273.
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BROOKLYN, Cuyahoga Co.
BROOKLYN.— Pres., Mrs. L. J. Cogswell; Sec, Mrs. Joseph Poe ; Treas., Miss Mary
Wells.
BROOKLYN CENTER.— Pres., Mrs. Ozias Fish, Mrs. Dr. Galentine'^ Vice Pres., Mrs.
Carlos Jones ; Sec, Miss Cassie Allen ; Treas., Miss Mary J. Storer.
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468 APPEKDIX F.
BROOKLYN, Jackson Co., Mien.
Pre9., Mrs. Harriet A. Gropvenor ; Sec, Miss R. E. Felt ; Treas., Mies Carrie Irwin.
BRONSON AND HARTLAND, Huron Co.
Pres., Mrs. H. H. Manahan, Mrs. D. T. Townsend ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Wm. Wooden,
Mrs. C.H.Jackson; Sec, Miss Mary U. Manahan, Mrs. Bartlett Davis; Treas., Miss
Amanda Robbins, Mrs. C. O. Chaffee.
BROWNHELM, Lorain Co.
BROWNHELM— Pres., Eev. C. C. Baldwin; Vice Pres., Mrs. Harriet Locke; Sec,
Mrs. Grace Goodrich, Miss Abbie Wood ; Treas., Miss Lesba Wilson, Miss Sarah Perry ;
Directors, Mrs. Catherine Cooley, Mrs. L. Perry.
BROWNHELM, DISTRICT No. 6.— Pres., Mrs. A. R. Cooper; Sec, Mrs. L. A. Butter
field ; Treas., Mrs. A. C. Wood.
WEST BROWNHELM.— Pres., Mrs. Electa Swift; Sec and Treas., Mrs. Mary W. Austin.
BRUNSWICK, Medina Co.
BRUNSWICK.— Pres., Mrs. T. L. Waitc, Mrs. E. R. Whipple ; Sec, Mrs. C. M. Preston.
BRUNSWICK, LIVERPOOL, COLUMBIA AND STRONGSVILLE FOUR CORNERS
BENEVOLENT SOCIETY.— Pres., Mrs. Sarah Ashby; Sec, Mrs. Amelia M. Lewis;
Treas., Mrs. Maria Durand.
BRUNSWICK, LIVERPOOL, COLUMBIA AND STRONGSVILLE FOUR CORNERS
UNION SOCIETY.— Pres., Mrs. Lovina Cole, Mrs. Judith Barber; Vice Pres., Mrs.
Betsey Ensign ; Sec, Mrs. Eliza Wilmot, Miss Bettie Ensign ; Treas., Mrs. Betsey Free
man ; Agents, Mr. and Mrs. Edmund Tompkins.
NORTH-EAST BRUNSWICK AND SOUTH-EAST STRONGSVILLE.— Pres., Mrs.
Horace Carpenter, Mrs. J. Southworth ; Sec, Miss Donnie Perkins, Mrs. J. C. Aldrich,
MrK. H. C. Wyman; Treas., Mrs. E. Crosby, Mrs. C. C. Morton.
BURTON, Geauga Co.
Pres., Mrs. Mary D. Witter; Vice Pres., Mrs. Richard Beach; Sec, Mrs. Mary E.
Hotchkiss, Mrs. Mary D. Witter; Treas., Mrs. S. Dayton.
Disbursements in cash, $590. In supplies, $870. Total, $1,460.
BUTLER TOWNSHIP, Ashland Co.
Pres., Mrs. P. Latimer, Mrs. E. P. Smith ; Sec, Miss Mary Johnston, Miss M. Cope-
land ; Treas., John Lawson, Miss Mary Smith.
BUTTERNUT RIDGE, Sandusky Co.
Pres., Mrs. J. ynton; Vice Pres., Mrs. M. Babcock; Sec, Miss Nellie Hogg; Trbas.,
Mrs. William Lay.
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BUTTERNUT RIDGE, Cuyahoga Co.
Preb., Mrs. Eliza Hard , Vice Pbes., Mre. Ko'biiisoii ; Sec, Mrs. Anna Stearne; Treas.,
Mrs. Jane Carpenter.
BUTTERNUT RIDGE, Lorain Co.
Pres., Mrs. C. L. Sexton ; Vice Preb., Mrs. R. Blain ; Sec, Mrs. William Drinkall ;
Treas., Mrs. S. McNeal.
CAMDEN, Lorain Co.
Pres., Mrs. Mary J. Cole, MissEli^ Hawkins, Mrs. Sarah Hovey; Vice Pres., Mrs.
Mary Washburn, Mrs. Melissa Hovey, Mrs. Agnes Morgan ; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. Ruth
E. Allen, Mrs. Lydia Eldrcdge.
CANAL DOVER, Tuscarawas Co.
Pres., Mrs. L. C. Blickensderfer ; Sec, Mrs. S. W. Dcmuth ; Treas., Mrs M. J. Walton.
CANAL FULTON, Stark Co.
Pres., Mrs. A. Cnnningham, Mrs. Jacob Heffleman ; Sec, Mif^s Mettle Frazee, Miss M.
R. Hanks ; Treas., Mrs. John Mobley.
CANFIELD, Mahoning Co.
Pres., Mrs. Sarah Canfield, Mrs. O. P. Bond ; Sec, Miss M. M. Pierson, Miss M. L.
Lake, Mrs. P. T. Jones ; Treas., Mrs. M. Survis, Mrs. H. Truesdale, Mrs. L. M. Bidwell.
CANTON, Stabk Go.
Pres., Mrs. J. G. Lester; Vice Pres., Mrs. Geo. Reynolds ; Cor. Sec, Mrs. J. G. Les-
ter, Miss Cornelia Beach ; Rec Sec, Miss Emma Hazlette, Mrs. Thomas Saxton, Miss A.
Bockins, Mrs. D. J. Beggs, Mrs. Dr. Lewis Slusser; Treas., Mrs. James A. Saxton; Di-
rectors, Mrs. M. Wikidal, Mrs. C Aultman, Mrs. Geo. Dietrich, Mrs. Dr. Wallace, M^-s.
N. Pierong, Mrs. Thos. Patton; Advisory Committee, Mrs. Jos. S. Saxton, Mrs. A.
Lynch, Mrs. Geo. Prince, Mrs. John F. Reynolds, Mrs. Geo. Foglc, Mrs. McCleary, Mrs.
Piatt, Mrs. Metz, Miss H. Bockins, Miss Medill.
The Canton Branch reports shipments to the value of $10,000, and a cash expenditure
of $1,609.54, which is exclusive of its contributions to the Sanitary Fair. Two hundred
and fifty-five packages of hospital goods were forwarded to Cleveland, many boxes were
sent direct to regiments in the field, to hospitals at the front, and to State Relief agencies,
with some supplies of money and stores to the Freedmen. The loyal citizens of Canton
gave largely in fitting regiments for service, and in relief to soldiers in transit, and were
extremely liberal in contributing through their Aid Society to the Northern Ohio Sani-
tary Fair.
CARROLLTON, Carroll Co.
Pres., Mrs. Etta Stocken ; Sec, Miss Hattie Butler, Miss Kate Thompson ; Trbas.,
MlBB Helen Eckley.
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470 Ati^EKDii ^.
CENTERTON, Huron Co.
Pbss., Mrs. C. S. Herrick ; Sec, Mrs. N. H. Nichols, Miss Adelaide Merriam ; Tbeas.,
Mrs. M. S. Merriam.
CENTRAL STATE LINE, Ashtabula Co.
Pres., Miss Lizzie E. Law ; Sec , Miss Kate Putney: Trbas., Mrs. Amelia Wyman.
CHAGRIN FALLS, Cuyahoga Co.
Pbes., Mrs. J. T. Sturtevant, Mrs. Samuel Poole, Miss Jane E. Church ; Vice Pbbs.,
Mrs. Phineas Upham, Mrs. Dr. Smith, Mrs. David Tenney; Sec, Miss Jane E. Church,
Mrs. C. H. Hubhell; Tbeas., Mrs. Thos. Shaw, Mrs. Charles Force, Mrs. Orson BuUard,
Mrs. Hannibal Goodell, Miss Jane E. Church.
Cash receipts, $832.51. Value of supplies, $406.18. Sent through the Cleveland Sani-
tary Commission, forty-seven packages, valued at $758.93. Sent direct to the field and
to hospitals, twenty-six packages, valued at $263.11. Expended in local relief to soldiers
and their families, $22. Contributions to Cleveland Soldiers^ Home and to Freedmen,
not estimated. Value of articles sent to the Cleveland Sanitary Fair, $159.60. The
balance in the treasury at the close of the Society's labors, $134, was appropriated to-
wards a monument to the memory of the fallen soldiers of the township. The organiza-
tion was continued till the sum of $1,325 had been raised, and in September, 1867, the
soldiers' monument was erected and dedicated under the auspices of the ladies of the
Chagrin Falls Aid Society, who thus appropriately brought to a close their long and
faithful public services.
CHAMPION, Trumbull Co.
CHAMPION.— Pres., Mrs. H. L. Rutan ; Sec and Treas., Miss Mary J. McCombs.
WEST CHAMPION.— Miss Mary J. Prentice.
CHARDON, Geauga Co.
Pres., Mrs. C. P. Bisbee, Mrs. M. C. Canfield, Mrs. Austin Canfleld; Sec, Mrs. J. O.
Worrall, Miss Lovina Metcalf, Mrs. L. A. S. Cook ; Treas., Miss Laura E. WlUiston, Mrs.
L. E. Durfee, Mrs. Thos. Metcalf, Mrs. Mary Marsh.
Disbursements in cash and hospital stores estimated at $1,500.
CHARLESTOWN, Portage Co.
Pres., Miss Jane Catlin ; Sec, Miss Emily Wetmore, Miss Eliza H. Curtiss ; Treas.,
Miss Cynthia Coe, Miss Eliza H. Cortiss.
Cash expended, $204. Value of contributions to Sanitary Fair, $24.
CHATHAM CENTER, Medina Co.
Pres., Miss Parmelia Ripley ; Sec, Mrs. Thos. S. Shaw, Miss Mattie Packard ; Treas.,
Mrs. A. J. Dyer.
CHERRY HILL, Erie Co., Pa.
Pres., Mrs. Ira Marcy; Sec, Miss Jane B. Tuttle, Mrs. Addison Thompson; Trbas.,
Mrs. E. Sturtevant.
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APPENDIX F.
CHERRY VALIiET, Ashtabula Co.
471
Pres., Mre. Rachel H. Green ; Vice Pres., Mrs. P. G. Sanford ; Sec, Mre. Celeetia R.
Colby ; TxEAi., Mrs. Hannah Roberts.
CHESTER X ROADS, Gkauga Co.
Pres., Mrs. A. E. Janes, Mrs. C. Herrick; Vice Pres., Mrs. Phelps ; Sec, Mrs. A. B.
Janes, Mrs. Kent ; Treas., Miss Anrelia Gilmore, Mrs. H. Johnson.
BUSY BEES, (Juvenile).— Pres., Miss Amantha Smith; Vice Pres., Miss Tira Ames ;
Sec, Miss Emma Ames ; Treas., Miss Florence Lyman.
CHIPPEWA, Wayne Co.
Pres., Mrs. Dr. Armstrong ; Vice Pres., Miss Margaret Frank'; Sec, Mrs. Andrew
Jackson, Miss C. A. Lyon ; Cokxittee, Mrs. Carson, Miss Gettie Armstrong.
CLARIDON, Geauga Co.
CLARIDON CENTER.— Pres., Mrs. Col. Treat ; Sec, Miss Anna Taylor.
EAST CLARIDON.— Pres., Mrs. J. B. Aylworth, Mrs. J. P. Lukins ; Vice Pres., Mrs.
Emily Bradley; Chaplain, Mrs. E. D. Taylor ; Sec and Treas., Miss Artimissa Chace.
WEST CLARIDON.— Pres., Mrs. H. N. Spencer; Sec, Miss Celia Spencer; Treas.,
Mrs. W. Wood.
CLARK'S CORNERS, Ashtabula Co.
Pres.. Mrs. Sarah Phelps ; Sec, Mrs. M. Hayes ; Treas., Mrs. L. Clark.
CLARKSFIELD, Huron Co.
Pres., Mrs. Harriet E. S. Holley, Mrs. O. J. Husted, Mrs. Edwin D. Tyler; Sec and
Treas., Mrs. L. A Lyon, Mrs. M. E. Bunce.
CLEVELAND, Cuyahoga Co.
GERMAN SOCIETY.— Pres., Mrs. Schmidt; Sec, Mrs. Glasser; Treas., Mrs. Berg-
holz.
ST. CLAIR ROAD SOCIETY.— Pres., Mrs. A. Varian; Sec, MissM. O. Varian; Treas.,
Mrs. H. E. Strong.
TEMPERANCE AID SOCIETY.— Pres., Mrs. H. N. Bander; Sec Mrs. L. White.
COLORED AUXILIARY SOCIETY.— Pres., Mrs. Geo. Vosburgh ; Vice Pres., Mrs.
Richard Hazel ; Sec, Mrs. Lavina Sabb ; Treas., Mrs. Harriet Weaver.
WARING STREET MISSION.— Pres., Mrs. Zina Needham ; Sec, Mrs. E. Wood.
UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS SOCIETY.— Pres., Mrs. Francis Branch ; Sec and Treas.,
Miss Rath Kellogg.
CLINTON, Summit Co.
Pres., Mrs. Chas. Rhinehart, Mrs. A. M. Russell ; Sec. and Treas., Miss Maggie Russell.
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472 APPENDIX F.
CODDINGVILLE, Medina Co.
Prbs., Mrs. L. C. HillB ; Sec, Mrs. Marilla Van Orman ; Trbas., Mrs. Lydla Codding.
COLEBROOK, Ashtabula Co.
Prbs., Mrs. Harriet Gray, Mrs. R. Partridge; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. S. R. Beckwith,
Miss Sarah J. Tuttle.
Value of supplies disbursed, $450.46.
COLLAMER, Cuyahoga Co.
Pres. and Sec, Mrs. Andrew Sharpe ; Vice Pres., Mrs, Andrew Wemple.
COLUMBIA, Lorain Co.
Pres., Mrs. M. Weeden, Mrs. E. H. Taylor; Vice Pres., Mrs. C. Nichols, Mrs. Anne
Burr ; Sec, Miss Sara C. Adams, Miss Martha Fish, Mrs. Helen E. Osborne ; Treas., Mrs.
S. Stock, Mrs. Caroline Reed.
COLUMBIANA, Columbiana Co.
Pres., Mrs. Amanda Vogleson, Miss Anna E. Metzger; Vice Pres., Mts. Vary A.
Beeson, Miss Belle Vogleson; Sec, Miss SallieE. Hines, Miss Lizzie M. Potts ; Treas.,
Mrs. S. E. King ; Committee, Miss Belle Strickler, Miss Mary Marvin.
COMMERCE, Oakland Co., Mich.
Pres., Mrs. John Clark, Mrs. S. M. Leggett ; Vice Pres., Mrs. T. A. Smith ; Sec, Mrs.
S. M. Leggett, Mrs. Abram Allen ; Treas., Mrs. D. C. Goodwillie, Mrs. Barley Round.
Value of contributions, $1,600.
CONCORD, Lake Co.
Prbs., Mrs. Roswell Burr; Vice Pres., Mrs. John H. Murray; Sec, Miss Matilda
Winchell; Treas., Mrs. Orson Willson.
CONNEAUT, Ashtabula Co.
CONNEAUT.— Prbs., Mrs. Alex. Bartlett; Sec and Treas., Mrs S. M. Sanford ;
Directors, Mrs. Capron, Mrs. Isaac Judson.
CONNEAUT benevolent SOCIETY.— Prbs. and Sec, Mrs. Julia Jacobs.
CONNEAUT VALLEY.— Pres., Mrs. Lydia Kennedy ; Sec, Mrs. Almira Paul ; Treas.,
Mrs. Laura Paul ; Committee, Mrs. Janette Paul, Miss Adaline Kennedy.
Cash and stores disbursed, $585.62.
CONNEAUTVILLE, Crawford Co., Pa.
Pres., Mrs. L. Montross; Sec, Miss Clara M. Hitchcock.
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APPENDIX F. 473
COPLEY, Summit Co.
COPLEY.— Prbs., Mrs. R. F. Codding, Mrs. P. Arnold ; Vice Pres., Mrg, B. Chapman;
Sec, Mrs. J. Starr; Treab., Mrs. M. D. Pratt, Miss Melissa Hall.
COPLEY, DISTRICT No. 3.— Preb., Mrs. A. Stimson : Sec, MIhs M. Winkler; Treas.,
Mrs. W. Ball.
CRAB CREEK, Mahoning Co.
Preb., Miss Battle Beatley ; Sec, Miss Maggie Mahan ; Treas., Mrs. Miriam Davi».
CROXTON, Jefferson Co.
Pkes. and Sec, Mrs. D. Smith.
CUYAHOGA FALLS, Summit Co.
Pres., Mrs. Charles Clark, Mrs. Ilfenry McKinney, Mrs. Geo. P. Upson; Vice Pres..
Mrs. Dr. Clark, Mrs. L. L. Holden, Mrs. Gillette, Mrs. O. B. Beebe ; Sec and Treas., Mrs.
Ed. Yeomans, Mr<i. Geo. Sackett, Miss Eliza Baber, Miss Hattie A. Mize.
Cash disbursements, $998.81. Supplies not estimated.
DALTON, Wayne Co.
Pres., Mrs. P. M. Semple ; Vice Pres., Mrs. J. Erwin, Mrs. A. Cook ; Sec, Mrs. M. H.
Faust; Treas., Mrs. A. Cameron.
Estimated value of contributions, $1,1'75-
DAMASCUS, Columbiana Co.
Pres., Mrs. J. M. Hale, Miss Mary Jobes, Miss Temp. Blackburn ; Sec, Mrs. J. B.
Nay lor, Miss Ella Preston ; Treas., Seth Pennock, C. Walton.
E«<timate of contributions, $1,000.
DEERCREEK, Pa.
Pres., Mrs. Alexander, Sec. Miss Annie J. Shields; Treas., Miss Ann Davidson.
DEERFIELD, Poktage Co.
DEERFIELD.— Pres. Mrs. M. Tibbies, Mrs. E. W. Gray ; Vice Pres., Mrs. White; Sec
AND Treas., Mrs. Sarah Warner, Miss A. J. Gibbs.
Estimate of contributions, $1,000.
DEERFIELD, SOUTH BRANCH.— Pres., Mrs. T. R. Mo wen ; Sec and Treas., Miss
M. Permelia Diver.
Cash expended, $90. Value of supplies forwarded, $263.88.
DENMARK, Ashtabula Co.
Sec, Mrs. M. Ptilmcr.
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474 APPENDIX F.
DOVER, Cuyahoga Co.
Prbs., Rev. Mrs. Smith, Mrs. Phlnney, Miss Mary E. Northrup; Sec, Miss Lydia W.
Brackett; Tbeas., Mrs. Dr. Morse.
DOYLESTOWN, Wayne Co.
Prbs., Mrs. A. M. Armstrong; Sec, Miss Maggie Graham; Treas., Miss Lettle
Armstrong.
EAGLEVILLE, AshtabXjla (^o.
Prbs., Mrs. James Stone ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Horace Wolcott, Mrs. Eben Tuttle, Mrs.
Oscar Lee ; Sbc, Miss Abbie Stone, Miss Rosie L. Mills, Miss Mary A. Wolcott ; Trbas.,
Mrs. Alfred Mills, Mrs. A. Bartholomew, Miss Rosie L. Mills ; Directors, Mrs. A. How-
ard, Mrs. Newton Lee, Mrs. John Halliday, Mrs. Geo. Olmsted, Miss A. Y. Stanley, Mrs.
Joseph McNutt, Mrs. Harvey Mills, Mrs. J. B. Bartholomew, Mrs. J. Morley, Mrs. John
Siilson, Mrs. John Chapel,
Estimate of money and stores disbursed, $1,340.41.
EARLVILLE, Portage Co.
Prbs. and Treas., Mrs. M. R. Haymaker; Vice Pres., Mrs. Almira Whitney, Mrs.
Ruth Stratton : Sec, Mrs. Lucy Russell, Miss Nancy Dewey, Miss Gertrude Lemmerman.
EAST CLEVELAND, Cuyahoga Co.
EAST CLEVELAND.— i?RES., Mrs. H. C. Ford, Mrs. Dr. Chipman, Mrs. Handley ; Vice
Prbs., Mrs. A. M. Richardson ; Sec, Mrs. N. Post, Miss M. R. Post, Mrs. N. L. Post ;
Treas., Mrs. E. P. IngersoU, Miss S. J. Walters; Dirbctors, Mrs. D. E. Sprague, Mrs.
F. Sherwin, Mrs. N. Cozad ; Mrs. Hickox, Mrs. Walters, Mrs. Watkins, Mrs. Hildreth,
Mrs. Spaythe, Mrs. Millard.
Besides large contributions of hospital goods, and of articles for the Sanitary Fair
valued at $100, this Society made one hundred and twenty-five garments from material
furnished.
EAST CLEVELAND, DISTRICT No. 9.-Pres., Mrs. E. Nott ; Sec, Mrs. Ben. Phillips.
EAST FAIRFIELD, Columbiana Co.
Prbs., Miss L. Williamson ; Sec, Miss Lizzie Tullis ; Treas., Miss Amanda TuUis
EAST MAYFIELD and WEST CHESTER, Cuyahoga Co.
Pres., Mrs. H. N. Battles ; Vice Pres., Mrs. A. M. Snow ; Sec, Mrs. M. A. Battles ;
Treas., Mrs. L. Ferry.
Value of supplies not estimated. 219 articles made for Central Society. $10 contributed
to the Sanitary Fair.
EAST ROCHESTER, Columbiana Co.
Pres., Mrs. C, A. Messimore, Mrs. E. A. Henry; Sec, Miss Lizzie McDaniels, Miss M.
J. Blanchard ; Treas., Miss Sallie J. Evans.
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APPENDIX F. 475
EDINBORO, Erie Co.. Pa.
Pre8., Mrs. James Thompson, Mrs. John True ; Vice Pkes., Mrs. Isaac Boeder; Sec,
MlssCollom, Mrs. Wm. Grassie ; Treas., Mrs. Winters Campbell, Miss M A. Piiclps:
Directors, Mrs. Mary Rogers, Mrs. Phelps, Mrs. Hiram Johnson, Miss M. Phcli)8.
EDINBURGH, Portage Co.
Pres., Mrs. J. B. Stilson; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. Virgil Goddard.
ELLSWORTH, Mahokino Co.
Pres., Mrs. E. Coit, Miss A. McKune, Mrs. Eli MiDer, Mrs. Harv-ey Ripley ; Vice Pres.,
Mrs. H. Sill, Miss Sarah Dheld, Mrs. Ann Hughes ; Sec. Miss Mary Allen, Miss Ellen
Huntington, Miss Fannie Coit; Treas., Miss H. Bingham, Miss A. Beardsley, Miss Sarah
Dheld.
Estimate of contributions, $1,000.
ELYRIA, Lorain Co.
Pres., Mrs. C. H. Doolittle, Mrs. A. A. Bliss, Mrs. Geo. Starr ; Vice Pres., Mrs. J. M.
Vincent ; Sec, Mrs. J. E. D. Lanndon, Miss Mary E. Manter; Treas., Mrs. G. G. Wash-
bum, Miss Sue M. Manter.
The Elyria Branch, one of the principal tributaries to the Cleveland Sanitary Commis-
sion, makes no estimate of the value of its shipments, but reports a cash expenditure of
$2,500.85. The citizens of Elyria responded liberally to the calls of their Aid Society,
which was ever efficient in rendering local relief, and in the direct care of the regiments
recruited in Lorain county, as well as in the army work done through the Sanitary Com-
mission. This Society contributed to the Sanitary Fair articles valued at $400, and its
members were actively Interested in making the Lorain County Booth attractive and
profitable to the Fair.
ERIE, Erie Co., Pa.
Pres., Mrs. C. I. Gara, Mrs. James Skinner; Sec, Miss Sarah L. Olmstead ; Treas.,
Mrs. Wm. F. Rindemecht.
EUCLID, Cuyahoga Co.
EUCLID CREEK.— Pres., Mrs. S. W. Dille ; Sec, Mrs. Jos. Phillips ; Treas., Mrs. John
Wilcox.
EUCLID RIDGE.— Pres., Mrs. Hannah Webster; Sec, Mrs. Mary Humphrey; Treas.,
Miss Olive Sanders.
NORTH EUCLID.— Pres., Mrs. Wm. Treat, Mrs. Ellen Bail, Mrs. Sophia Russell ; Sec,
Mrs. E. Parr, Mrs. Ellen Bail; Treas., Mrs. J. Wilcox, Mrs. Emma Crosier.
FAIRVIEW, Erie Co., Pa.
Pres., Mrs. John Sturgeon, Miss Nancy Sturgeon ; Sec, Miss Effie Sturgeon, Miss
Lizzie J. Moorhead ; Treas., Miss Jane McCreary.
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476 APPKNDIX F.
FARMINGTOX, Trumbull Co.
Pres., Mrs. A. D. Kibbee, Mrs. O. A. Page; Vice Pres., Mrs. James Caldwell; Sec,
Mrs. Sarah J. Taft, Miss Emma O. Kibbee; Trbas., Miss Rebecca J. Trew, Miss Sarah
Palmer.
Total value of hospital nitores, $018.68. Cash expended, $500.
FITCHVILLE, Huron Co.
pRKs., Mrs. O. Burgess, Mrs. Nancy Palmer, Mrs. T. W. Thompson ; Vice Pres., Mrs.
Burr; Sec, Miss Olive Burgess, Miss Louisa Green, Miss Ellen Ward, Mrs. Julia Ward,
Mrs. Eliza Palmer; Treas., Mrs. Ann Palmer.
Ca^h expended, $411.^. Supplies not estimated.
FLORENCE, Erie Co.
Pres.. Mrs. Dr. Osborn, Mrs. J. A. Darling; Sec. and Treas., Miss S. E. Heath, Mr».
R. A. Blackman.
FOOTVILLE, Trumbull Co.
Pres., Mrs. Hiram Spafford; Vice Pres., Miss Lotty Bacon ; Sec, Mrs. E. O. Foot ;
Treas., Mrs. Maltby.
FOUR CORNERS, Huron Co.
Pres., Mrs. Laura Read, Mrs. H. N. Allen, Mrs. A. Stone, Mrs. Henry Kingsley, Mrs.
S. Atherton ; Vice Pres., Mrs. L. Bogardus, Mrs. A. Barnes, Mrs. C. Hawley, Mrs.
Searles ; Sec , Mrs. E. J. Cook, Mrs. H. M. Hoyt, Mrs. S. L. Smith, Miss Sylvia Coniell,
Mrs. L. Bogardus ; Treas., Mrs. S. Salisbury.
Estimate of supplies forwarded, $675.
FOWLER, Trumbull Co.
fowler.— Pres., Mrs. Mary C. Andrews; Sec, Miss Amelia Tew, Treas., Mrs. O.
M. Baldwin ; Directors, Mrs. Esther Williamson, Mrs. Sarah Ross, Mrs. Margaret
Alderman.
FOWLER, No. 2.— Pres., Mrs. Lavinia Jones ; Sec, Miss EurettA Jones ; Treas., Mrs.
Frank Horton.
Value of supplies sent, $900.
FOWLER'S mills.— Pres., Mrs. H. S. Hazen ; Sec, Mrs. E. E. Miller.
FOWLER RIDGE AND CHADWICK CORNERS.— Pres., Mrs. C. Stewart, Mrs. Sarah
J. Greenwood ; Sec , Mrs. Lucy M. Baldwin, Mrs. Hannah Doud ; Treas., Mrs. Lucy M.
Baldwin, Mrs. Adeline Chadwick.
Value of supplies, $100.
FRANKLIN, Summit Co.
Pres., Mrs. David Keller ; Sec, Mrs. H. C. Housman ; Treas., Mrs. Wm. Sisler.
FRANKLIN MILLS, Portage Co.
Pres., Mrs. Justus Barr, Mrs. Dr. Crittenden ; Vice Pres., Mrs. E. Hurlburt ; Sec and
Treas., Mrs. H. A. Bradshaw.
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APPENDIX F. 477
FREEDOM, Portage Co.
FREEDOM.— Pre8., Mrs. H. D. Curtip, Mrs. C. Barrowfl ; Sec, Mrs. II. Bryant ; Tbeas.,
Miss Emma Bryant.
Value of supplies, $500.
FREEDOM, WEST SIDE.— Pbes., Mrs. J. C. Parker; Sec, Mrs. Maria Kellogg.
FROGSVILLE, Cuyahoga Co.
Pbes, Miss Julia A. Moses ; Vice Prbs., Miss Kiite Moses; Sec and Tbeas., Miss
Llbbie H. McDrath.
This Society, composed of school-girls, contributed about $70 in cash, and one hundred
and fifty articles of hospitjil clothing.
GARRETTSVILLE, Portage Co.
Pbes., Mrs. E. A. Frisby, Mrs. W. White ; Vice Pbes., Mrs. M. A. Adams, Mrs. C. M.
Wight ; Sec. and Tbeas., Mrs. A. W. Lake ; Coioeittee, Mrs. D. Peffers, Mrs. C. WiHson,
Mrs. M. Pierce, Mrs. A. Dunn, Mrs. M. Daniels, Mrs. L. White, Miss Abbie Ellinwood.
Cash expended, $844.91. Supplies not estimated.
GATES' MILLS, Cuyahoga Co.
Pbes., Mrs. Lucy Ann Gates ; Sec, Mrs. H. G. Spear; Tbeas., Mrs. Wm. Shuart.
GENEVA, Ashtabula Co.
GENEVA.— Pbes., Mrs. J. E. Chapin, Mrs. M. Fitch, Mrs. Richmond, Mrs.S. P. Fitch ;
Vice Pbes., Mrs. Haskell, Mrs. Dickinson, Mrs. J. Condit, Mrs. J. Boughton, Mrs. H.
Lane, Mrs. C. Wright ; Sec, Mrs. E» H. Lindergreen ; Tbeas., Mrs. J. Condit, Mrs. S. P.
Fitch, Mrs. S. Stow, Mrs. H. Lane.
Value of supplies, $986. Cash expended, $878. Balance on hand at the close of the
war, $50, which was distributed among the destitute families of soldiers.
NORTH GENEVA.— Pbes., Mrs. L. Carey; Sec, Miss Jerusha Ward; Tbeas., Mrs.
Cornelia Castle.
Cash disbursed, $1.53.97.
GIRARD, Erie Co., Pa.
GIRARD.— Pbes., Mrs. David Olin ; Sec, Mrs. R. S. Battles.
WEST GIRARD.— Pbes., Mrs. H. Miles.
GOSHEN, Mahoning Co.
Pbes., Miss Phebe James, Mrs. Isabel T. French ; Sec, Miss Sarah Townsend, Miss
Hannah K. James ; Tbeas., Mrs. Sarah A. Davis.
Supplies valued at $1,319.27. Cash to Sanitary Fair, $42.
GRAFTON CENTER, Lorain Co.
Pbes. and Sec, Mrs. M. S. Lawrence.
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478 APPENDS K
GRAND RIVER, Ashtabula Co.
Pres., Mr(». ThoB. Baxter; Sec, Miss Mary Henry ; Treas., Mrs. J. A. Chapman.
GRANGER, Medina Co.
Pbes., Mrs. E. B. Low, Miss Frances Crisman ; Vice Pres., Mrs. J. C. Brainard, Mrs
Dnnkle ; Sec, Mrs. M. C. Hickoz, Mrs. L. E. Hopkins.
GREENFIELD, Huron Co.
Pres., Mrs. A. Tuttle; Vice Pres., Mrs. T. Newberry; Sec, Mrs. S. Cleland; Treas.,
Hiram Smith ; Committee, Mrs. Hiram Smith, Mrs. Erastus Smith, Mrs. Bamett R^e.
Mrs. J. M. Wright, Mrs. John Wheeler.
Value of supplies, $273.31. Cash disbursed, $115.21.
GREEN HILL, Columbiana Co.
Agent, Miss Rachel Taylor.
Value of supplies, $125.
GREENSBURGH, Tbumbull Co.
GREENSBURGH.— Pres., Miss Eldah Gibbs, Mrs. Calista Chapman ; Sec, Miss Sophia
Bartlett, Miss Flora McKee; Treas., Mrs. M. M. Cooley.
GREENE, DISTRICT No. 3.— Pres., Mrs. R. Harrison; Vice Pres., Mrs. H. Bnrlin-
game; Sec, Miss Roxa A, Bartlett; Treas., Miss Amanda Harrington.
GREEN SPRINGS, Seneca Co.
Pres., Mrs. James A. Watrous ; Sec, Miss Marion Dana, Miss N. E. Watrons ; Treas.,
Mrfi. Fairchild.
GREENTOWN, Stark Co.
Pres., Mrs. J. G. Reifsnider ; Sec, Mrs. L. Kryder ; Treas., Miss Matilda Smith.
GREEN TOWNSHIP, Summit Co.
Pres., Mrs. A. A. Tousley ; Sec, Mrs. A. V. Perdue ; Treas., Mrs. C. Hunsburger.
GREENWICH, Huron Co.
GREENWICH STATION.— Pres., Mrs. Martha Carl ; Sec and Treas., Mrs. Marcus
Mead ; Directors, Mrs. Joanna Briggs, Mrs. Lucy Berry, Mrs. M. Hall, Mrs. J. Hopkins,
Mrs. Anna Mead, Mrs. Mary Sheldon, Mrs. Harriet Carl.
EAST GREENWICH.— Pres., Miss Hattie Gorham ; Sec. Miss Maria Doud ; Treas.,
Mrs. Anna Doud.
YOUNG LADIES' WIDE AWAKE CLUB, GREENWICH STATION.— Pres., Miss
Annie M. Smith ; Vice Pres., Miss Annie Mead ; Sec, Miss Anna S. Jenny ; Treas., Mips
Annie A. Barnes.
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APPENDIX F. 479
GUSTAVUS, Trumbull Co.
Piufis., Mrs. Geo. W. Cowden; Vice Pbbs., Mrs. E. M. WilliamB; Sec, Miss Phebe M.
Barnes, Mrs. C. M. Wakefield ; Treas., Mrs. J. S. Sheldon, Mrs. Mitchell Scott.
HALLECK, Columbiana Co.
Pbes., Bev. James N. Swan; Vice Pres., Miss Maggie Falconer; Sec, Miss Kate
McEenzie ; Tbbas., Mrs. A. M. Swan.
This Society reports 14 boxes shipped to Cleveland, and articles valued at $50 with $44
in cash to Sanitary Fair, besides supplies to State Associations and to soldiers in camp.
IIAMBDEN, Geauga Co.
HAMBDEN.— Pres , Mrs. Clarinda Hale; Vice Pres., Mrs. Louisa Griete, Mrs. Martha
Elliott; Sec Miss Mary E. Field; Treas., Mrs. Elizabeth Mead.
Cash to soldiers and their families, $1.136 ; supplies not estimated.
NORTH HAMBDEN.— Pres., Mrs. Esther A. Maynard; Vice Pres., Mrs. Caroline
Sheldon ; Sec, Mrs. Emma M. Brown ; Treas., Miss Lizzie Shattuck.
HANOVERTON, Columbiana Co.
Pres., Mrs. Susan Arter; Vice Pres., Mrs. Maiy C. Arter, Mrs. Sarah Milburn; Sec,
Mies Jennie Voglesong ; Treas., Mrs. Elizabeth Pritchard.
Sent to the Sanitary Fair $176 ; supplies not estimated.
HARBOR CREEK, Erie Co., Pa.
Pubs., Mrs. L. H. Couse, Mrs. John Dodge; Vice Pres., Mrs. B. F. Walker; Sec, Mrs.
Wm. Besley, Mrs. J. Carter; Treas., Mrs. J. Sherwin.
HARDY AND MONROE TOWNSHIPS, Holmes Co.
Pres., Miss Maggie Finney; Sec, Miss Lizzie Korns; Treas., Mrs. Caroline Close.
HARPERSFIELD, Ashtabula Co.
HARPERSFIELD.— Pres., Mrs. F. E. Clemens ; Vice Pres., Mrs. J. Hibbard ; Sec,
Miss Sara M. Tuttle ; Treas., Mrs. O. F. Gibbs.
Estimate of disbursements, $550.
HARPERSFIELD, JUVENILE.— Pres., Miss R. W. Phillips ; Sec -and Treas., Miss
Eliza J. Phillips.
HARRISBURG, Stark Co.
Pres., Mrs. C. Stockburger; Sec, Mrs. P. A. Sheets; Treas., Mrs. E. Hoover.
Value of supplies, $53.50.
HARRISONVILLE, Erie Co., Pa.
Pres., Mrs. Miranda Keep ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Mary J. Lewis ; Sec, Miss Lydia L. Cole ;
Treas., Mrs. Polly Keep.
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480 APPENDIX F.
HARRISVILLE, Harbison Co.
Pbes., Mrs. Mary J. De Vilbiss ; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. Helen E. Wat sou, Mise Lydla B.
Hayhurst.
HARRISVILLE, Medina Co.
Pres., Mrs. H. B. Tuttle ; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. L. M. Ford.
HARTFORD, Trumbull Co.
Pres., Mrs. P. B. Miner, Mrs. B. Fenn, Mrs. D. Parsons, Mrs. J. Mattox, Miss Eliza
Spear, Miss J. A. Buslinell; Sec, Mrs. Dr. Hart, Mrs. R. W. Johnson, Miss M. E. Beebe ;
• Treas., Mrs D. Parsons, Mrs. J. Mattox, Miss Eliza Spear, Mrs. A. D. Drury.
Estimate of disbursements, $1,000.
HARTLAND, Huron Co.
Pres., Mrs. Alraera F. Snow, Mrs. William Wooden ; Sec, Mrs. Thomas Stratton.
HARTSGROVE, Ashtabula Co.
Pres., Mrs. M. O. Bailey ; Vice Pres., Mrs. A. Flowers ; Sec, Miss Lncy Babcock, Mis»
Rnth A. Hunt; Treas., Miss Catherine Williams, Mrs. C. L. Parker.
HARTVILLE, Stark Co.
Pres., Mrs. Sarah Reed ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Louisa Hoover ; Sec, Miss Lydia Kimmell ;
Treas., Mrs. Lizzie Thompson.
HATCH'S CORNERS, Ashtabula Co.
«
Pres.. Mrs. O. Abbott : Sec, Miss L. A. Spaulding; Treas., Mri». L. /. Eaton.
HAYESVILLE, Ashland Co.
Pres., Miss Belle Rose, Mrs. Jane McNeil; Sec, Miss Mary J. A^henhurst, Miss A. M .
Stafford; Treas., Mrs. S. Glass, Mrs. J. Kinniger.
Estimate of disbursements, $2,000.
HENRIETTA, Lorain Co.
HENRIETTA.— Pres., Mry. E. Macy; Sec, Mrs. S. B. Dudley: Treas., Miss Angie
Fuller.
SOUTH HENRIETTA.— Pres., Miss Lina Bates; Vice Pres., Mrs. J. Ladow. Mrs. C.
Close ; Sec, Miss Sallie Shook; Treas., Miss AUie Bayles.
Cash expended, $115.60.
HINCKLEY, Medina Co.
EAST HINCKLEY.— Pres., Mrs. Wm. Searls; Vice Pres.. Mrs. J. Gouch : Sec, Mis»
Julia K. Gouch ; Treas., Mrs. J. Porter.
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APPENDIX F. 481
HINCKLEY AND BRUNSWICK TOWN LINE.— Pres., Mrs. Jerome Chideey ; Vice
Pbes., Mrs. Horace Kennedy; Sec, Mrs. Horatio J. Chidsey ; Treas., Mrs. Julius Phelps.
HINCKLEY AND GRANGER TOWN LINE.— Pres., Mrs. O. Perrin ; Vice Pres., Mrs.
D. Oviatt, Mrs. S. Newton; Sec, Mrs. John Mnsser; Treas., Mrs. John Kellogg.
Value of supplies, $487,75.
NX)RTH HINCKLEY RIDGE.— Pres., Mrs. Nathaniel Porter; Treas., Mrs. Rollin
Eastman.
SOUTH EAST HINCKLEY. -Pres., Miss Julia K. Gouch, Mrs. E. Marquitt, Mrs. J. E.
Marquitt; Vice Pres., Mrs. A. G. 'Wilder, Mrs. E. Hall; Sec, Mrs. J. W. Parker, Mrs.
S. Porter, Miss Julia K. Gouch: Treas., Miss J. Bell, Mrs. S. Marquitt, Mrs. J. Porter.
HIRAM, Portage Co.
Pres., Mrs. Perry Reno; Vice Pres., Mrs. Buckingham; Sec, Mrs. Gen. Garfield, Mrs.
Frederic Wilmot; Treas., Mrs. James I. Young, Mrs. John C. Rudolph.
Cash expended, $411.88. No supply rej/ort.
IIOLMESVILI.E, Holmes Co.
Pres., Mrs. Maria Griffin, Miss S. J. Sadler ; Sec, Miss Mattie Officer, Miss Emma
McMonigal; Treas., Mrs. Sarah McMonigal, Mrs. Lewis Crawford.
HUBBARD, Trumbull Co.
HUBBARD.— Pres., Mrs. Samuel Hine; Vice Pres., Mrs. J. Jackson; Sec, Mrs.
Augustus Dilley ; Treas., Mrs. John E3^ster.
Cash expended, $252.51.
NORTH HUBBARD.— Pres., Mrs. Joseph Patterson ; Sec, Miss Amanda Bartholomew;
Treas., Miss Adeline Hart.
HUDSOX, Summit Co.
Pres., Mrs. T. B. Fairchild, Mrs. N. P. Seymour, Mrs. M. C. Read ; Sec, Mrs. N. P.
Seymour, Mrs. Van R. Humphrey, Miss Sarah Ashmnn, Miss Fannie L. Trowbridge ;
Treas., Mrs. N. P. Seymour.
HUNTINGTON, Louain Co.
Pres., Mrs. A. R. Clark, Mrs. J. A. Cliapman, Mrs. S. S. Warner, Mrs. C. M. D. Perkins;
Vice Pres., Mrs. S. G. Bowker, Mrs. D. H. Austin, Mrs. O. T, Baker, Mrs. A. D. Perkins;
CoR. Sec, Mrs. C. M D. Perkins, Mrs. L. M. Sage, Mrs. J. A. Chapman, Mrs. E. West;
R^c Sec, Mrs. O. T. Baker, Mrs. S. S. W^arner, Mrs. W. W. WiUs, Mrs. R. Smith ;
Treas., Mrs. Wm. June, Miss Delia Elder, Mrs. Wm. Mooney, Mrs. J. A. Snow.
Estimate of hospital stores, $1,525. Cash expended, $lf>4.15. To Sanitary Fairs, $74 65.
and a large amount of provisions and fancy articles.
HUXTSBURGH, Geauga Co, •
Pres., Mrs. Louisa Bridgman, Mrs. Smith Wright; Sec, Mrs. L. W. Sharp, Mrs. Henry
Strong ; Treas., Mrs. Chas. Steer.
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482 APPENDIX F,
HURON, Ekie Co.
Pres., Mrs. Otis Sprague, Mrs. Honian ; Vice Pbes., Mrs. Tower Jackson; Sec, Mrs.
Haggles Wright, Mrs. J. W. Sprague, Mrs. A. G. Brainherd ; Treas., Mrs. C. N. Ryan,
Mrs. F. H. Wright.
INDEPENDENCE, Cuyauoga Co.
INDEPENDENCE.— Pres., Mrs. Sarah A. Stafford ; Sec, Mrs. Sabina Brewster.
INDEPENDENCE, DISTRICT No. 2.-PRE8., Mrs. I. L. Gleason; Sec, Mrs. C. L. Glca-
»uu ; Trsas., Mrs. I. Newton.
JAMESTOWN, Chautauque Co., N. Y.
Pres., Mrs. S. Seymour; Sec, Mrs. A. Fletcher; Treas., Mrs. P. R. Marvin.
JEFFERSON, Ashtabula Co.
JEFFERSON.— Pres., Mrs. William Goodrich; Sec, Miss A. Hawley, Miss L. M. Gid-
dings. Miss H. S. Kellogg ; Treas., Mrs. N. E. French.
NORTH JEFFERSON.— Pres., Mrs. H. J. Pease ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Susan Loomis ;
Sec, Mrs. Lavinia Jones ; Treas., Mrs, Julia A. Sikes ; Committee, Mrs. Lois Udell, Mrs.
T. A. Jerome, Miss Martha Bunnell.
JEROMEVILLE, Asulai^d Co.
Pres., Miss Sarah J. Hargrave ; Sec, Miss Addie Alleman.
JOHNSTONVILLE, Trumbull Co.
Pres., Mrs. Amelia V. Eells ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Levens; Sec, Miss Emily Bartlett;
Treas., Mrs. Marian Hine ; Committee, Miss Betsey Dickinson, Mrs. Harriet Brinsmade,
Mrs. Celia Barnes, Mrs. Laura Thompson, Mrs. Louisa Holcomb, Mrs. Ellen Norcott.
Estimate of supplies, $600. Sent to Sanitary Fair, $100.
KANSAS, Seneca Ct).
Committee, Miss Eliza Standish, Mrs. Barbara Ahh.
Estimate of supplies, $400.
KELLOGGSVILLE, Ashtabula Co.
Pres. and Sec, Mrs. R. P. Brown ; Vice Pres., Mrs. S. S. Bushnell ; Treas , Mrs. A.
Kellogg.
KELLEY'S ISLAND.
Pres., Mrs. Datus Kellcy ; Vice Pres., Mrs. M^ Titus ; Sec and Treas., Mrs. E. K,
Huntington.
Cash disbursed, $173.42. Estimate of stores, $1,971.20. Total contribution, $2,194.62.
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KENT, Portage Co.
Pn«9>, Mrs. A. W. Botsford; Sec, Mrs. John C. Hart ; Trkas., Mrs. L. Holdon.
KIANTONE, Chautalque Co., X. Y.
Prss., Mrs. E. O. Morgan ; Sec, Mrs. H. P. Carey ; Treas., Mrs. C. Sherman ; Directors,
Mrs. Chapin, Mrs. Jones.
Estimate of snppliep. $500.
KINGSVILLE, Ashtabula Co.
KINGSVILLE.— Pres., Mrs. Helen Murray, Mrs. E. M. Webster; Vice Pres., Mrs.
Doria Luce, Mrs. A. B. Luce ; Sec, Mrs. Maria Nettleton, Mrs. E. M. Webster : Treas.,
Mrs. Lura Brown, Mrs. Oliver Barrett.
Estimate of supplies, $650. Cash expended, $115.
KINGSVILLE, LAKE SHORE.— Pres Mrs. Geo. Van Slyke; Sec, Mrp. Lovina Wood-
worth ; Treas., Mrs. Louitna Smith.
Cash expended, $60.
NORTH KINGS^^LLE.— Pres., Mrs. E. D. Nettleton ; Sec, Mrs. D. C. Caughey :
Treas., Mrs. Dow Crayton ; Directors, Mrs. Chas. Crayton, Mrs. John Hotchkiss.
Estimate of contributions, $3'i*).
SOUTH KINGSVILLE.— Pres., Mrs. V. C. Fox ; Sec, Miss Laura A. Whitney; Treas.,
Mrs. Lizzie Mnllett ; Directors, Mrs. Whiton, Mrs. Ambrose Curtiss, Mrs. Almira Bugboe
KINSMAN, Trumbull Co.
KINSMAN.— Pres., Mrs. Sophia B. Kinsman, Mrs. John S. Allen, Mrs. Sylvester Case ;
Vice Pres., Mrs. John Yeomans; Sec, Miss Mary H. Christy.
Cash expended. $522.58. Cash valne of new material, $702.42. Estimated value of sup-
plies, $2,450.40.
KINSMAN, No. 2.— Pres., Mrs. Lucius Ailing; Vice Pres., Sidney Miner, E>jq. ; Sec.
Mrs. Mary A. T. Wood ; Treas., MIhs Abbie S. Wood.
Estimate of contributionn, $500.
KINSMAN, JUVENILE.— Miss Jenuitr Gibion. Miss Becca P. Kiusman.
KIRTLAND, L.xke Co.
KIRTLAND.— Pres , Miss Lucy Martindale, Mrs. Elvira A. Martin, Mrs. Lucy Morley ;
Vice Pres., Mrs. Guy W. Smith ; Sec and Treas.. Miss Belle G. Morse.
EAST KIRTLAND.— Pres,, Mrs. Margaret Booth; Vice Pres., Miss Anna Do Lons;
Skc , Mrs. Ann White Harmon, Mrs. Mary E. Ladd ; Treas., Mrs. Minerva Harmon.
NORTH KIRTLAND.— Pres., Mrs. E. Metcalf ; Vice Pres., Mrs. M. Mlliken ; Stc
Mrs. E. Markell, Mrs. P. M. Green ; Treas., Mrs. C. Brown ; Solicitors, Mrs. S. Sp,»ar,
Mrs. P. M. Green.
Estimate of supplies, $200.
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484 APPENDIX F.
LAFAYETTE, Medina Co.
PiiEs., Mrs. Brintnall, Mrs. John Chase, Mrs. Palmer; Vice Pres., Mrs. Goodrich, Miss
A. Harrington, Mrs. John Williams ; Sec, Mrs. Brintnall, Miss Emma J. Phinney ; Trea3.,
Mrs. Brintnall, Miss Sarah E. Thomas.
LA GRANGE, Lorain Co.
LA GIIANGE.— PuEs., Mrs. Matilda Humphrey, Mrs. C. Wilcox; Sec, Mrs. J. L. Rich-
mond, Mrs. G. Wilcox ; Treas., Mrs. Lucia Merriam, Mrs. N. P. Johnson.
EAST LA GRANCJE.— Pres.. Mrs. E. B. Baldwin ; Sec, Mrs. David Clark.
LAMARTINE, Carroll Co.
Agfnt, (i('o. W. Adamt*.
LA PORTE, Lorain Co.
Pres., Mrs. Sophia B. Brij^s^s ; Vice Pres.. Mrs. H. Carpenter; Sec. and Treas., Mrs.
Phebe M. Aj^'ard.
LEICESTER, Livingston Co., N. Y.
PuKs., Mrs. II. Tilton : Sec. and Treas., Mrs. W. H. Sellevv.
LENOX, Ashtabula Co.
Pres., Mrs. J. A. Hyde, Mrs. A. D. Eddy; Sec, Miss E. J. Ileiulerson, Mrs. B. L.
Mosher ; Treas., Mrs. M. J. French.
Estimate of contributions, $252.1)0.
LTBP^RTY, Trumbull Co., (United Puesuyterian Church.)
Pres., Rev. David Goodwillie, Robert Stranalian ; Sp:c, Mins Mary Clark ; Tueas., Mrs.
ilargaret Gorloy.
LLMAVILLE, Stark Co.
pRBS.. Mrs. A. Murss ; Sec, Miss Amelia Day ; Tuea;*., Mins Emma Morss.
LirCHFIELD, Medina Co.
Pres., Mrs. Amy Dclamater; Vice Pres., Mrs. Brlnsmade; Sec, Mrs. Mark S. Sibley,
Mrs. P. C. Stranahan, Miss Mary S. Clapp ; Treas., Mrs. Rice, Mrs. J. Brooker.
LIVERPOOL, Medina Co.
Pres., Mrs. Fanny Parmelee, Miss Sallie U. Thermot ; Sec, Miss Juliette Howard,
Miss Emma Wilmot.
LOCCST point, Ottawa Co.
Sic, Miss Emma Nugent.
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APPENDIX F. 485
LOTTSVILLE, Warhex Co., Pa.
Agknts, Mre. S. M. Lott, Mies H. D. Lott.
LOriSVlLLE, Stark Co.,
I*REs., Mre. E. Shop]).
LOWELL, Seneca Co.
PRE!*.. Mrp. Emily Crockett ; Sec, Minn Nellie Ho^o:.
LOWELLSVILLE, MAnoxixo Co.
Pres.. Mrs*. P. J. Wfttpou; Sec, Mary A. Hunter.
McKAY, Ashland Co.
Pres.. Mfh. a. B. Case; Sec, Miss Libbie Read; Treas., Mins Jennie Read.
MACEDONL\, Summit Co.
pRES., Mrs. H. O. Rutherford; Vice Pres., Mi*s. M. Ranney, Mrs. W. Johnson, Mrs. J.
Monroe ; Sec. a>td Treas., Mrs. E. E. Stone ; Committee, Mies L. Ranney, Mrs. D. H. W.
Carley. Mrs*. H. D. Clark, Miss A. Everest, Mrs. Chamberlin.
MADISON, Lake Co.
MADISON.— Pres., Miss Susan Warner, Mrs. E. F. En^'i•,^l ; Vice Pre«.. Mrs. C. W.
Torrey ; Sec. and Treas., Miss N. Howard, Mrs. C. W. Ensign, Jr.
NORTH MADISON.— Pres., Mrs. J. E. P>ailey, Miss Helen M. Wadsworth, Mrs. Betsey
E. Baldwin, Mrs. S. G. Branch; Vice Pres., Mrs. J. H. Whiting, Mrs. R. R. Davis, Mrs.
J. W. Crocker; Sec, Mrs. C. H. DeForest, Miss Nancy Dow, Miss Frank L. Branch ;
Treas., Mrs. C. Wadsworth, Miss Gertrude Bailny.
NORTH MADISON, No. 2.— Pres. Mr.^. J. M. Green : Vice Pues., Miss E. Toby; Sec,
Miss Alice Fuller; Treas., Miss E. Warner.
NORTH MADISON, LAKE DISTRICT.— Pres., Mrs. Susan Doty; Sec, Mrs. H. P.
Thornburgh, Mrs. Emily Woodworth ; Treas , Mrs. John Dow.
NORTH MADISON, LAKE SHORE.— Pres.. Mrs. Nathaniel Waterman; Sec, Mrs.
Thomas Blair; Treas., Mrs. John F. Blair.
SOUTH MADISON.— Pres., Mrs. Luman Wheeler; Sec, Miss Joanna K. Griswold.
MALVERN, Caiikoll Co.,
Pres., Miss Mary Latta ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Dr. A. Eakin ; Sec, Mrs. S. T. Tressell, Miss
Lizzie Rukenbrod; Treas., Mrs. S. J. Ross; Financial Sec, Mrs. H. J. Hardesty; Com-
mittee, Mrs, Isabella Latta, Mrs. M. Amos.
Cash expended, $500. Thirty boxes of hospital stores shipped, value not estimated.
MANCHESTER, Summit Co.
Pres., Mrs. L. R. Sisler ; Sec , Mrs. 11. A. Honsman.
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486 APPKNDlX I*.
MANTUA, Portage Co.
MANTUA CENTER.— Pres., Miss S. R. Bump, Mrs. T. Ingell, Mrs. Dr. O. Ferris ; Vice
Pbes., Mrs. Dr. A. J. Squire, Mrs. M. Post; Sec, Miss Carrie M.Davis, Miss U.S.
Bump, Miss S. R. Bump ; Treas., Mrs. Dr. O. Ferris, Miss R W. Davis, Miss 8. R. Bump.
Value of contributions, $421.07.
MANTUA STATION.— Pres., Mrs. P. M. Folger; Sec, Mrs. Adeline E. Goddai-d; Treas.,
Mrs. Anne Farr.
NORTH-EAST MANTUA.— Pres., Mrs. Betsey W. Esty ; Sec, Mrs. Levi E. Carlton.
SOUTH MANTUA.— Pres., Mrs. E. P. Crooks; Sec and Trbas., Mrs. A. Frost.
MAPLE HILL, Geaugji Co.
Pres., Mrs. Milo Blalcesley ; Sec, Mrs. Martha Bartlett, Mrs. Mary R. Hansard ; Trbas.,
Mrs. L. S. Blakesley.
MARLBORO, Stark Co.
Pres., Mrs. Mary Mendenhall ; Mrs. Nancy McElroy ; Sec, Mrs. H. W. Brooke, Mrs. R.
Q. Savage ; Treas., Mrs. Louise M. Doering.
MARSHALLVILLE, Wayne Co.
Pres., Mrs. L. L. Cunningham ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Elizabeth Wear ; Sec, Miss Catharine
Keck ; Treab., Mrs. Catharine A. Cunningham.
Cash expended, $75. Two thousand pounds of hospital comforts shipped through the
Cleveland Sanitary Commission.
MASSILLOX, Stark Co.
Pres., Mrs. M. Earl, Mrs. Geo. Harsh ; Vice Pres., Mrs. T. S. Webb, Mrs. Chidester ;
Sec, Miss H. A. Ricks, Miss E. L. Clark ; Treas., Mrs. Lewis Pangbom, Mrs. James M.
Brown ; Committee, Mrs. Thorn. Williams, Miss Lamina Focke.
Besides the regular duties of gathering and shipping large supplies, and a donation to
the Cleveland Sanitary Fair, valued at $1,200, the Massillon Branch administered special
relief to soldiers' families to the amount of $785, ftimished comforts to the hospitals of
the 104th and 115th O. V. I., encamped in town, at an expense of $1,000; were active in
hospitalities to passing regiments and squads ; and celebrated Thanksgiving days during
the period of the war by providing abundant dinners for soldiers' families, and distribut-
ing to them wood, coal and provisions, contributed by the citizens for that purpose.
MAYFIELD CENTER, Cuyahoga Co.
Pres., Mrs. Ellen B. Whitney; Sec, Miss Belle G. Miner; Treas , Miss M. A. Atkins.
MEADVILLE, Crawfoud Co., Pa.
Pres., Mrs. Hannah Moore, Mrs. Wm. Thorp ; Sec, Miss Lizzie C. Callender ; Trea8.,
Miss Lizzie Huidekoper.
This society, though properly reporting its business to the credit of the State of Penn-
sylvania, was, for convenience of railroad transportation, a tributary to the Soldiers' Aid
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APPENDIX F. 487
Society of Northern Ohio. From its organization, October, 1861, to the close of the war,
the Meadville Aid Society was an important auxiliary to the Cleveland Sanitary Commis-
sion. Besides^shipments of two hundred and sixty-one packages of choice hospital stores,
and liberal supplies fUmished to sick soldiers and their families in and near the city, its
books show a cash disbursement of $6,681.21.
The citizens of Meadville contributed through their Aid Society to the Cleveland Saui-
tary Fair article:* value! at $748 09, and to the Pittsburg Sanitary Fair, $500.
MECCA, Trumbull Co
MECCA.— Pres., Mrs, M. D. Higbee, Mrs. Eunice McCuller; Vice Pres., Mrs. Abigail
Holcomb, Mrs. Eunice Benton, Mrs. Nancy E. Case ; Sec, Mrs. M. D. Higbee, Mrs. Rachael
Love ; Treas., Mrs. Eliza Love, Mrs. Chloe Abell.
SOUTH MECCA.— Pres., Mrs. Millen Powei-s : Sec. Mrs. Clarissa Craft; Treas., Miss
Anna Rose.
MECHAXICSVILLE, Ashtabula Co.
PiiEs.. Antoinette Walding; Sec. Naomi Webb ; Treas., Eliza Warren.
MEDINA, Medina Co.
Pres., Mrs. H. G. Blake; Vice Pres., Mrs. N. H. Bostwick, Mrs. S. J. Hayslip, Mrs.
D. A. Gro.-^vcnor : Sbc. and Treas., Miss Fannie E. Ticknor, Mrs. S. Humphreville, Miss
Mariette Butler, Mrs. S. G. Barnard, Mrs. A. L. Peak; Directors, Mrs. Paul Schuh, Mrs-
Hiram Ferris, Mrs. Timothy Clark, Mrs. S. B. Woodward, Mrs. A. W. McClure, Mrs.
Whipple, Mrs. C. T. HIIL
The stores disbursed to soldiers and iheir families are estimated at $.3,040.38. Besides
this, much was collected for direct distribution to regiments, and for relief of the Freed-
raeu. The citizens of Medina loyally supported the cause of the soldier during the whole
period of the war.
MELMOKE, Seneca Co.
Pres., Mrs. Dr. H. Ladd, Mrs. S. A. Kispaugh, Mrs. James Gibson, Mrs. Calvin Rogers,
Mrs. Richard Baker; Sec, Mrs. A. R. Webb, Mrs. John Delamater, Mrs. EmmaBrayman,
Miss Lucy Arnold; Treas., Mrs. Daniel Richards, Mrs. A. R. Webb, Mrs. Richard Baker.
Aggregate of money and stores disbursed. $2,800.
MENTOU, Lake Co.
Pres., Mrs. Matthew S. Clapp ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Abner M. Parmalec ; Sec, Mrs. Tru-
man P. Barber, Miss Carrie Clapp ; Treas., Miss Maria Coming, Miss Christia Radcliffe,
Mrs. Jacob Blish.
Money and stores disbursed. $2,315.47, exclusive of supplies sent directly to regiments
in the field.
MESOPOTAMIA, Tjiumbull Co.
Agent, Mrs. Charlotte G. Sheldon.
MIDDLE BRANCH, Stark Co.
Pres., Mrs. John Byrcr; Sec, Miss Nellie Warner: Treas., Mrs. Jacob Byrer.
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488 APPENDIX F.
MIDDLEBURT, Summit Co.
MIDDLEBURY SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY.— Pres.. Mr?. Wm. Dempsey. Mre. T. IT.
Botgford; Vice Pres., Mrs. J. Robinson; Sec, Mrs. D, E. Hill, Mrs. E. T. Chapman ;
Trbas., Mrs. A. Kent.
Disbursed, cash, $1,003.95; 54 packages of stores, not estimated, besides supplies direct
to the field and to soldiers' families.
MIDDLEBURY RELIEF ASSOCIATION.— Pres., Mrs. James Irvin. Mre John John-
ston; Sec. and Trbas., Mrs. Frank Adams, Miss Julia Coe, Mrs. John Johnston.
Cash expended, $103 Store?, provisions to Sanitary Fair and contributions direct to
hospitals not estimated.
MIDDLEb^IELD, Gkauga Co.
MIDDLEFIELD.— PRK.M., Mrc*. Jennie Thompson; Sec. and Treas., Miss Alice M.
Tracy.
NORTH-EAST MIDDLEFIELD.— Pres., Mrs. Caroline Ame?;1SEc. and Treas., Mrs.
Ruth Church. Mrs. L. S. Buell.
MILAN, Erie Co.
Pres., Mrs. K. Towuscnd, Mrs. J. C. Lockwood ; Sec, Mrs. C. B. Clioate, Miss Marie
F. Mowry; Treas., Mrs. E. Bates.
MILLEKSBUIKill, Holmes Co.
Pres , Mrs. Louisa Irvine, Mrs. H. F. Biittin, Mrs. John E. Koch ; Vice Pres., Miss
Augusta Chipman ; Sec, Mrs. H. F. Battiu, MissM. J. Mower; Treas.. Mrs. A. Ingles,
Mrs. Wm. W. Gibson.
MINERAL RIDGE, Trumbull Co.
Agent, Miss Lucy A. Prevost.
MINERVA, St.\rk Co.
Pres., Mrs. Weygandt, Mrs. Mary Sweriugen : Sec, Miss Emma Speaker, Miss Annie
Perdue; Treas., Mrs. E. Dibble.
MOGADORE, Summit Co.
Pres., Mrs. A.. M. Hale, Mrs. Arvilla Norris; Sec. Miss E. Laulenslairer, Mrs. Wm. H.
Alexander; Treas., Miss Louise McCormick.
MONROE CENTER, Ashtabula Co.
MONROE CENTRE.— Pres., Mrs. F. A. Burgc; Sec, Mrs. Linda M. Green: Treas..
Mrs. Sarah E. Kinney.
MONROE CENTER, GIFFORD'S CORNERS.— Pres., Mrs. Mary J. Gifford ; Sec. Miss
Iluldah Hicks ; Treas., Mrs. Mary Farnham ; Committee, Mi«*B Cornelia M Giftord, Miss
Maria Babbett, Miss Emeline Adams.
Value of disbursements, $425.85.
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APPENDIX F. 489
MONROEVILLE, IIukon Co.
AOENT, Mrp. J. W. Paramore.
MONTROSE, Summit Co.
Agent, Mre. Julia E. Wagar.
MONTVILLE, Geauga. Co.
MONTVILLE.— Pises., Mrs. A. Phelps, Mrs. Z. R. Sheldon; Sec, Miss* Caroline Shel-
don, Mies S. S. Gould; Tbsab., Mrs. E. Dayton.
WEST MONTVILLE.— Pbbs., Miss Adelia J. Oate^, Mies Lizzie Spellman ; Vice Pres.,
Miss Annie J. Gates, Mrs. Leah Gish; Sec. and Tbeas., Miss Rebecca U. Kennedy;
Directors, Mrs. Delavan Gates, Mrs. Lois Eddy, Mrs. Ursnla Kennedy, Mrs. Sarah
McDonald.
MOUNT HOPE, Holmes Co.
Pres., Mrs. Susan M. Rassell; Vice Pres., Mrs. Catherine Pomerene, Mrs. Elizabeth
Inks; Sec. and Treas., Miss Kate Kindlesperger.
MOUNT MORRIS, Livingston Co., N. Y.
Pres., Mrs. L. C. Sleeper; Vice Pres., Mrs, James B. Bacon ; Sec, Mrs. H. E. BroTrn ;
Treas., Miss Elizabeth Kellogg.
Estimate of disbursements, $1,500.
MOUNT UNION, Stakk Co.
Pres., Mrs. H. G. Clark ; Sec, Mrs. M. B. Park; Treas., Miss Eachol Pettish.
MOUNT VICTORY, Hardin Co.
Pres., Mrs. R. P. Howe; Vice Pres., Mrs. M. S. Elder; Sec, Miss Emma L, Mears;
Treas., Mrs. Sarah Smith.
Shipped 23 boxes valued at !ju575.
MUNSON, Geauga Co.
MUXSOX.— Puts., Miss Jane Ashcraft; Sec, Miss Ann Miller; Teeas., Miss P.
Leppor.
EAST MUNSON.— Pres., Mrs. Abram Woodward, Mrs. Benj. 8. Warner, Mrs. Amanda
Oates: Sec, Mrs. S. A. Spencer, Mrs. Jane V. Bartlett, Miss Anna M. Gates; Treas.,
Mrs. O. R. Canfield, Mrs. Abram Woodward.
Cash expended, $200. Supplies not estimated.
NASHVILLE, Hor.MEs Co.
Pres,, Mrs. A. Laylandcr; Sec, Miss Iloster Edwards; Treas., Mrs. Esther Harris.
Cash expended, $300. Estimate of stores, $500.
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490 APPENDIX F.
NELSON, Portage Co.
Prks., Mrs. Benj. Feiin ; Vice Pres., Mr«. Tait ; Sec, Miss Celestia Gates ; Trbas., Mies
Polly Hannahs.
NEW ALEXANDRIA, Jeffekbon Co.
Pres., Miss Sue Uanlon ; Vice Pres., Miss Belle Hall ; Sec, Miss Mary £. Hall ; Treab.,
Miss Lizzie McGrew.
NEW BALTIMORE, Stark Co.
Pre*., Mrs. C. A. Taylor, Mrs. Eliza Nash; Sec, Mrs. Alvira Bissell; Treas., Miss
Sophronia Smalley, Joseph Lee.
Cash expended, $215.28.
NEW BERLIN, Stark Co.
Pres., Mrs. Rachel Holl; Vice Pres., Mrs. Sallie Lind; Sec, Mrs. Elizabeth Bitzer:
Treas., Mrs. Elizabeth Schick, Mrs. Nancy Everhart.
Cash disbursed, $220.25. Value of shipments, $449.32.
NEWBERRY, Geauga Co.
NEWBERRY.— Pres., Mrs. R. K. Munn ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Ann Piinderson; Sec and
Treas., Mrs. R. Riddle, Mrs. J. Russell.
Value of shipments, $1,000.
NORTH NEWBERRY.— Pres., Mrs. Elvira Loveland ; Sec, Mrs. Elizabeth B. Stone :
Treas., Mrs, Julia Smith, Mrs. S. Burnett.
NORTH-WEST NEWBERRY.-Pres., Mrs. Angeliue Williams, Miss Mary A. CoveU ;
Vice Pres., Mrs. Harriet Black ; Sec, Mrs. Caroline Bittles, Miss Achsah CoveU ; Treas.,
Mrs. Sarah Williams, Miss Mary Sanborn.
NEWBUHGH, Cuyahoga Co.
Pres., Mrs. Eben Miles, Mrs. F. W. Woodbridge ; Sec , Mrs. F. W. Woodbridge ;
Treas., Mrs. Porter Jewett, Mrs. E. T. Burke.
NEW CASTLE, Lawrence Co., Pa.
Pres., Mrs. A. Ross ; Sec and Treas., Mrs. R. W. Clendenin.
NEW HAVEN, Huron Co.
Pres., Mrs. J. A. Young ; Vice PRfes., Mrs. H. Richards ; Sec, Mrs. M. Ganung ; Treas.,
Mrs. M. Stuart.
Value of 8 tores, $150.
NEW LISBON, Columbiana Co.
Pres., Mrs. T. Starr, Mrs. S. Todd, Mrs. Thomas Hanna ; Vice Pres., Mrs. J. H. Shields ;
Sec, Mrs. H. B. Dibble, Miss Jessie W. Cornwell, Miss Louisa Briggs, Mrs. S. W. Orr ;
Treas., Mrs. O. M. Todd.
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APPENDIX F. 491
NEW LONDON, Huron Co.
Pbb8., Mrs. S. R. JohnBon^ Mrs. R. J. Eobinsoii ; Sec, Mrs. L. B. Porter, Mrs. P. Robert-
son ; Tbbas., Mrs. Furlong.
NEW LYME, Ashtabula Co.
Pbbs., Mrs. F. P. Rathbone, Mrs. J. Miller, Mrs. C. Brockway ; Sec, Mrs. A. Peck, Mrs.
F. P. Rathbone ; Treas., Mrs. C. Brockway, Mrs. A. M. Gee.
Value of shipments, $1,337.45.
NEW PHILADELPHIA, Tuscarawas Co.
Pbes., Mrs. C. Gross, Mrs. O. P. Taylor; Vice Pres., Mrs. J. Hance; Sec, Miss Annie
Coventry ; Tbeas., Mrs. Beatty.
Cash expended, $704.63. Shipments to Cleveland and Columbus Agencies and direct
to the front not reported.
NEWTON FALLS, Trumbull Co.
Pbbs., Mrs. H. K. Bronson, Mrs. Silas Cnlender, Mrs. James Reed ; Vice Pres., Mrs .
Eunice Austin, Mrs. Lyman Soule, Mrs. A. L. Fowler; Sec, Mrs. Eunice Austin, Mrs. A.
L. Fowler ; Tbeas., Mrs. A. L. Fowler, Mrs. H. K. Bronson.
Value of shipments, $1,489.75. Contributed to the Sanitary Fair, in stores and
money, $200.
NILES, Trumbull Co.
Pbes., Mrs. James Ward ; Sec, Miss Phila Kingsley, Jos. G. Butler, Jr. ; Treas., Mrs.
A. M. Blackford.
Cash expended, $450.93. Stores not valued. Sent to Sanitary Fair, $60.
NORTHAMPTON, Summit Co.
NORTHAMPTON CENTER.— Pres., Mrs. E. M. Reynolds; Sec, Miss A. M. Lowrey,
Miss Julia Jones, Miss Mary Reynolds ; Treas., Mrs. H. N. Lowrey, Mrs. R. Jones.
Estimate of shipments, $663.26.
NORTHAMPTON, DISTRICTS 7 AND 8.— Pres. Mrs. J. R. Brown; Sec and Treas.,
Mrs. William Hardy.
Estimate of shipments, $37. Cash to Sanitary Fair, $16.
NORTH BENTON, Mahoning Co.
Pres., Miss Polly A. Stratton ; Sec, Miss Lucy E. Hartzell ; Treas., Miss Isabella Sproat.
NORTH EAST, Erie Co., Pa.
Pres., Mrs. Stephen Griffith, Mrs. R. M. Crawford ; Sec, Miss Sarah Skinner, Miss
Emma E. Blaine, Miss Mary T. Town ; Treas., Miss Mary E ScouUer.
NORTH EATON, Lorain Co.
Pres., Mrs. M. K. Merrick, Mrs. Fidelia Chapman; Sec and Treas., Miss S. E. King,
Miss S. L. Cooley.
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492 APPENDIX F.
NORTH FAIRFIELD, Huron Co.
PnES., Mrs. E. B. Maybln ; Vice Pres., Mrs. R. L. Watrojis, Mrs. J. Burns ; Sec, Mrs.
J. L. Dickinson ; Tubas., Mrs. Julia H. Edwards.
Cash disbursed, f 072.30 Supplies not estimated.
NORTHFIELD, Summit Co.
Pres., Mrs. J. W. Logue ; VicbPrss., Mrs. Daniel Proctor ; Sec, Miss Libbie Alexan-
der, Miss Ellen Bliss ; Treas., Mrs. Geo. Seidel.
Cash expended, $319.32. Contributed to Sanitary Fair, $149.37. Estimate of supplies
sent to regiments, $150. Total, $618.69.
NORTH JACKSON, Mahoning Co.
Pres., Mrs. Mary J. Riddle; Sec, Miss Maggie Johnston ; Treas.. Miss M. S. Gault.
NORTH LAWRENCE, Stark Co.
Pres., Mrs. E. Fulton ; Sec, Miss Nannie McCue, Miss Beccie Shull ; Treas., Mrs. G.
Schaffer.
NORTH RIDQEVILLE, Lorain Co.
NORTH RIDGEVILLE.— Pres., Mrs. Mark Humphrey; Vice Pres., Mrs. John Cahoon ;
Sec, Miss Harriet Bryuer; Treas., Mrs. Sydney Butler.
Estimate of supplies shipped through the Sanitary Commission, $1,355. Sent direct to
regiments, $300. To the Sanitaiy Fair, $114.50. Total, $1,769.50.
NORTH RIDGEVILLE, JUVENILE.— Pres., Miss Emma Terrell ; Sec, Miss Theresa
Terrell ; Treas., Miss Nellie Beebee.
Estimate of contributions, $59.
NORTH RIDGEVILLE, WEST CREEK.— Pres., Miss Mary Byington; Vice Pres..
Miss Carrie Ilostlander ; Sec, Miss Mary Howk; Treas., Miss Mary Race.
NORTH ROYALTON, Cuyahoga Co.
NORTH ROYALTON.— Pres., Mrs. M. J. Carter; Vice Pres., Mrs. James Tousley ;
Sec, Mrs. S. W. Chandler; Treas., Mrs. Wm. Tousley.
NORTH ROYALTON, No. 2.— Pres., Mrs. Oliver Taylor; Sec and Treas., Mrs. John
Kingzett.
NORTH ROYALTON AND HINCKLEY.— Pres., Mrs. W. Wilber: Sec, Mrs. P. A.
Taylor; Treas., Mrs. E. Webber.
NORTa SPRINGFIELD, Summit Co.
Pres., Mrs. L. Atcheson ; Sec, Mrs. J. Ewart, Mrs. E. H. Boyd ; Treas., Mrs. M. Fisher,
Mrs. M. White.
NORTON, Summit Co.
Pres., Mrs. Louisa Marshall; Vice Pres., Mrs. Rebecca Vanderhoof; Sec, Mrs. P.
Weary; Treas., Mrs. Sarah Miller.
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APPENDIX F. 493
NORWALK, Huron Co.
NORWALK, DISTRICT No. G .— Preh., Miss Rose Sherman : Sec, MIps Jennie Jones ;
TREA8,, Miss Lucy Sherman.
Cash expended, $20. Value of hospital stores forwarded, $100.
XORWALK SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY.— (Reported by Mrs. S. T. WoRCESTER.)-yery
early in the year 1861 the citizens of Norwalk began to work for the soldiers. A part of
the 8th Regiment had been collected, quartered and drilled there. On the Sabbath before
they left, religious ser%ice8 were held in their camp, and the occasion, so new and affect-
ing, called forth the most profound sensations of sorrow and apprehension. Some days
previously the ladies had been engaged in supplying these soldiers with such necessaries
and luxuries as the deepest interest could suggest. Immediately after their departure, a
society, of both sexes, was formed, the object of which was to follow those who went ftom
the vicinity with aid and comfort, in any form, and by any means that could reach them,
thus securing, as was hoped, an unbroken intercourse with them. A quarterly subscription
among the gentlemen was established, the first instalment of which is dated May 18th,
1801. The officers elected were Cliarlcs B. Stickncy, President; J. C. Curtis, Secretary;
David H. Pease, Treasurer; Mrs. G. G. Baker, Mrs. J. W. Baker, Mrs. O. Jenney, Mrs, C.
E. Pennewell and Mrs. S. T. AVorcester, Board of Directors — the latter Secretary of the
Board. From that time to November, 1862, something was continually being done, but
the difficulties in the way of reaching the regiments, after they went into actual service,
and the consequent irregularity of the quarterly payments, seriously obstructed progress.
In the meantime a Society had been organized in Cleveland, through which, as a medium.
it was believed the regiments could be reached. Application was personally made to that
Society by the Secretary of the Board, in Norwalk, for assistance in sending a box of
ho.^pital stores to the 8th Regiment, then in West Virginia, the Surgeon of that regiment
having, by letter, applied for immediate aid. The request was cheerfully granted, the box
sent, received in time, and earnest thanks therefor returned. This occurrence awakened
new life, and eventually led to the formation, in August, 1862, of the Alert Club, to collect
funds, and in November of the same year, lo the transfer of all the offices to the ladies.
At the time of the transfer Mrj*. J. M. Farr was elected President; Mrs. D. II. Pease.
Secretary : and Mrs. S. T. Worcester. Treasurer. The work then went on prosperously,
funds were ample, tlie contributions sent forward large and valuable, and mostly trans-
mitted through the organization in Cleveland. November 20th, 1863, Mrs. S. T. Worcester
was elected President ; Mrs. W. O. Parker and Mrs. C. E. Pennewell, Vice Presidents ;
Mrs. M. A. Corwin, Secretary ; and Mrs. N. S. Moulton, Treasurer. Before the close of
the year Mrs. C. Gallup took the place of Mrs. Worcester, and Mrs. F. Sawyer that of Mrs.
Moulton, those ladies having resigned. At the next annual meeting, November 19th, 1864,
Mrs. J. F. Dewey was elected President ; and Mrs. E. E. Husted, Vice President. There
were no other changes. Total funds received, $3,455.94. Total disbursed, $3,385.94.
The remaining $70 were given to the Young Men's Library, to assist in its establish-
ment. No account of the stores sent forward before the transfer has been preserved,
though they are known to have been creditable. Since that date, 225 boxes, barrels or
kegs have been forwarded, with various and sometimes quite large sums in cash, to be
disposed of by known and trusty agents. They were sent to the Sanitary Commission,
Christian Commission, Relief Association in Washington, to Annapolis, Richmond, Get-
tysburg, Martinsburg, Winchester, Harper's Ferry, Alexandria, Hilton Head, to Gov.
Brough, for the use of State Agents, and to the 8th, 55th, lOlst and 123d Regiments, and
occasionally to others. Many letters from many soldiers in different localities attest the
fidelity of those to whom they were entnisted, and the donors rest satisfied with the
i( suit of their labors,
The Society disbanded June 1st, 1865.
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494 APPEI^DIX h\
NORWALK UNION— Pbes., Mrs. H. M. Wooster; Vice Prbs., Mr?. Ell Perers*, Miss
M. A. Watson ; Sec, Mrs. J. M. Farr; Treab., Mrs. D. W. Newton.
The members of this Society had been active workers in the Soldiers' Aid Society of
Norwalk until November 27th, 1868, and the results of their industry prior to that date
are included in the foregoing report. On forming a separate organization they continued
their labors for the soldiers with remarkable vigor and success, and with uniform loyalty
to the Sanitary Commission.
In the year and a half of their independent organization, they disbursed in cash, $1,860.4 1
and forwarded two hundred packages of hospital stores, valued at $1,000, making a total
contribution of $2,869.44. The Hospital Garden at Chattanooga was aa object of much
interest to the ladies of this society, who frequently remembered it in their gifts, and in
the spring of 18(M forwarded onion sets and garden seeds in great variety for its early
cultivation. The preparation of "chopped pickle" was a specialty of the Norwalk
Union, over one thousand gallons having been forwarded to the army in the course of one
summer.'
At the close of the war the surplus funds of this society were distributed as follows :
$100 to the Columbus Soldiers' Home ; $100 to the Union Commission, N. Y.; $50 to the
Cleveland Soldiers' Home, and the remainder, $80, to the Norwalk Young Men's Library
Association.
NOttWALK YOUNG LADIES' ALERT CLUB.— (Reported by Mrs. S. T. Worces-
ter.)—The Alert Club commenced its labors in August, 1862, but was not fully organized
until September 13th of that year, when the following officers were elected : Mrs. S. T.
Worcester, President; Miss Lizzie Gallup, Secretary; Misses Mary Graves and Lucy
Preston, Treasurers ; Mrs. T. W. Christian, Misses S. Rowland and C. Jenney, Direct-
resses, with an indefinite number of Collectors. The Soldiers' Aid Society had been, in
operation over a year, but was languishing for want of ftinds, the quarterly subscription,
on which it depended, being irregularly paid. In this emergency thirty-seven young
ladies, whose numbers soon increased to sixty, agreed to unite for one year, specially to
raise ftinds for that society, but also to be on the alert, (hence their name,) to contribute
in every possible way to the comfort of the needy soldier. They immediately revived the
gentlemen's quarterly subscription and collected it, and without delay established a
ladies' monthly, and, in October following, a gentlemen's monthly subscription. These
three subscriptions they faithftilly and promptly collected the entire year, and paid over
the proceeds, $824.75, to the Aid Society. They held regular meetings, prepared large
quantities of lint and bandages, made 180 pairs of slippers, over 600 handkerchiefs, 96
towels, 2 quilts, and cut and dried 81 bushels of apples, all of which were passed to the
Aid Society, besides sending many kind remembrances, in various forms, to the regi-
ments with which they were acquainted. They also collected a special subscription to
pay the debt on the home of Bessie Lynch, her husband being the first Norwalk soldier
killed in battle, and herself and three young children left destitute. This, with some
small debts which the creditors, at their request, remitted, amounted to $60.06.
At the expiration of the year they voted to associate for another year. Miss C. Jenney
resigned. Miss S. C. Mason was elected Recorder, a new office which the nature of the
service soon to be entered upon, required. They now agreed to leave the subscription
lists to the Aid Society, to raise their own ftinds by Festivals, Tableaux, Dramatic Enter-
tainments, &c., and to devote them to clothing the children of absent soldiers, and of
poor widows, ftirnishing them with all the necessaries required by well conditioned
scholars, looking after them, keeping them in school, &c. In this ser\'ice they were
greatly assisted by Mr. Stephenson, Superintendent of the Public Schools, and by a
number of judicious married ladies. They had, ft-om the 1st of September, 1863, to the
1st of November, 1864, forty-nine different families as beneficiaries, ftirnishing to each
new material according to their need, in value from $2.52, the lowest sum, to $61.19, the
high?st. Total amount raised during that time, $1,840.82. Total expended, $1,496.99.
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APPENDIX F. 495
They also sent forward varioas contributions, &» sympathy prompted, to the soldiere.
In November, 1864, they reorganized as a re^lar Soldiers' Aid Society, specially voting
to retain their own distinctive name. Officers : Mrs. S. T. Worcester, President; Mrs.
t. W. Christian and Miss 8. Rowland Vice Presidents ; Miss Lizzie Gallup, Recording
Secretary ; Miss Mary Wickham, Corresponding Secretary, and Mrs. W. M. Cline, Treas-
urer. They began this year with $ai3.83, the overplus of last year. They continued to
acquire as well as expend, so that at their last regular meeting, in May, 1865, they had
forwarded, in all, 37 boxes, barrels or kegs of hospital stores, $330 in cash, and had, iu
possession or expectancy, $46J. To this sum they added the net gain of a subsequent
series of Tableaux, and eventually presented to the Young Men's Librarj', then being
established, the sum of $900. With the remainder they purchased, framed and suitably
lettered the two engravings entitled, " The First Reading of the Emancipation Procla-
mation," and "Washington Irving and His Friends," and presented them to the Gram-
mar School, from which many of their Tableau performers had been taken. Total funds
raised and expended, $3,932.93. The Club steadily refuses to disband, but contemplates
holding reunions annually, the officers remaining the same. The flret reunion took
place on the 20th of July, 1887; the second on the 23d of June, 1888.
OAK GROVE, Holmes Co.
Pres., Mrs. Elizabeth Allen; Sec, Miss Nannie J. Martin; Treas., Miss Liza J.
Armstrong.
OAK RIDGE, CoLrMBiAKA Co.
Pres . Rev. J. Arthur; Sec, Miss Nancy Smith; Treas., Miss Lizzie Noble.
OBEKLIN, Lorain Co.
Prks., Mrs. M. C. Allen, Mrs. C A. Bostwick, Mrs. J. M. Fitch ; Vice Pres., Mrs. A.
Butler. Mrs. J. M. Fitch, Mrs. Allen ; Sec, Mrs. R. B. Pearse, Mrs. M. E. Ellis ; Treas..
Mrs. R. B. Pearse, Mrs. C. C. Hudson: Directors, Mrs. Haynes, Mrs. Allen, Mrs.
Wright, Mrs. Avery, Mrs. Clark, Miss S. Hall ; Committee, Mrs. Terrell. Mrs. Clark, Miss
S. Hall, Mrs. Royce.
The Oberlin Branch, organized at the opening of the war, for the outfit of Co. C, 7th
O. V. I., continued active and efficient until its good offices were no longer needed,
sparing no effort to send comfort to the soldier on the field or the sick iu hospital. No
estimate has been reported of its cash disbursements, or of the value of one hundred and
fifty packages of choice stores shipped through the Sanitary Commission. The sales
from the Oberlin Society's contribution to the Lorain County Booth at the Sanitary Fair
netted $700.
OIL DIGGINGS, Trumbull Co.
Pres., Mrs. A. Cobb, Mrs. R. Hervcy ; Sec. Miss L. A. Barker, Mrs. Corresta T.
Knapp: Treas., Mrs. C. A. Allen.
OLENA, IIUHON (^o.
Pres.*. Mrs. E. Magee. Mrs. S. Burrass ; Vice Pres.. Mrs. L. Manahan. Mrs. J. Buffing-
ton ; Sec. Mrs. W. H. Sykes, Miss Retta Magee ; Treas., Mrs. B. W. Green, Mrs. Wm.
Levy.
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496 APPENDIX F.
OLIVESBURGH.
PREfl., Miss Nettie Miller ; Sec, Miss Amelia Ozier ; Tkes., Miss Millie Burgett.
OLMSTED FALLS, Cuyahoga Co.
OLMSTED FALLS.— Pres., Mrs. W. S. Carpenter ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Elisha Fitch ; Sec,
Miss Hattie Dryden ; Trbas., Mrs. D. H.Perry, Mr^. O. W. Kendall; Directors, Mrs.
W. B. Wormly, Mrs. John Wright, Mrs. J. Williams, Miss Margaret Fitch.
WEST OLMSTED.— Pres., Mrs. Phebe Adams, Mrs. Horace Tyler; Sec. and Tkeas.,
Miss Lucia Briggs.
ONEIDA MILLS, Carroll Co.
Pres., Miss Carrie L. Hull; Sec, MIhs M. C. Pettorf.
ORANGE, Ashland Co.
orange.— Pres., Mrs. S. A. Donley; Sec, Mrs. M. A. White.
NORTH ORANGE. -Pres., Mrs. Rachel Phillips; Sec. Mrs. Rachel Nunemaker ;
Treas., Mrs. Amelia P. Feree.
ORANGE, Cuyahoga Co.
Pres., Mrs. J. H. Abell ; Vice Pres., Mrs. H. Henry ; Sec, Mrs. H. B. Boyuton. Mrs. E.
Lauder ; Treas., Mrs. J. Whitlam, Mrs. R. Barber ; Committee, Mrs. Alvin Abell, Mrs. J.
Cole, Mrs. C. Eddy, Mrs. P. Beach, Mrs. A. Jerome, Miss S. Smith.
ORANGEVILLE, Trumbull Co.
Pres., Mrs. Charles Hull, Mrs. Sheldon Palmer; Vice Pres., Mrs. Edward Jones, Mrs.
Jesse Hahn ; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. Augustus Moffit, Mrs. Henry Reed.
Estimate of supplies, $1,500.
ORRVILLE, Wayne Co.
Pres., Mrs. H. Storrs ; Sec. Mrs. S. J. Meek, Mrs. A. Ga8«*er ; Treas., Mrs. R. M. Storrs.
ORWELL, Ashtabula Co.
Pres., Mrs. Geo. A. Howard ; Sec, Mrs. Phcbe ^Morgan ; Trkas., Mrs. Sophrouia
Blair; Directors, Mrs. Hiram Goddard, Mrs. Maria Wolcott, Aln*. C. A. B. Pratt, Mrs.
Isaac Tuckerman, Mrs. Melinda Blachley.
Estimate of contributions, $1,518.90. Cash expended. $571. T«.
PAINESVILLE, ]-ake Co.
Pres., Mrs. Eliza M. Chesney; Sec, Miirs Anra M. Tiacy, M its Eliza H. Wilc< x ;
Treas., Miss Henrietta D. Sanford.
The Painesville Branch, one of the most valued tributaries of the Cleveland Sanitary
Commission, has furnished no estimate of itss large contributions. Its members were
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APPENDIX F.
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unwearied in their work through the whole course of the war, and in addition to their
usual supplies were notably active in preparing canned fruits and vegetables and black-
berry cordial through the Summer months. They responded with great promptness to
any special call for hospital stores, and constantly followed with their gifts those regi-
ments that had enlisted from Lake county.
PAINT VALLEY, Holmes Co.
Pres., Mrs. Susan Buchanan ; Sec, Mrs. Julia A. Bigham ; Treas., Miss M. J. Gorsuch.
Sent to Sanitary Fair, $60. No estimate of hospital stores. Cash to different Associa-
tions, $69.
PARKMAN, Geauga Co.
Pres., Mrs. A. C. Waters, Mrs. S. A. D. Harris, Mrs. David Bundy; Sec, Mies H. A.
Converse, Miss Mary M. Williams, Mrs. S. A. D. Harris ; Treas., Miss M. L. Burt.
Contributed to the Sanitary Fair, $60. No estimate of hospital supplies.
PARIS, Stakk Co.
Pres., Mrs. H. C. Hudson ; Sec, Miss Libbie Philips ; Treas., Miss Celia Chapman.
PARISVILLE, Portage Co.
Pres., Mrs. C. Selby, Mrs. H. Shaw; Vice PREs.^Mrs. Sallie Black; Sec. and Treas..
Mrs. E. C. Holcomb, Mrs. Anna S. Cutts ; Committee, Mrs. Sarah Williams, Miss Mary
Chapman.
Cash expended, $93.12. Supplies valued at $128.65.
PARMA, CCJYAHOGA Co.
Prb9., Mrs. Oliver Emerson, Mrs. L. B. Mcacham, Mrs. John A. Ackley, Miss Mary G.
Cogswell ; Vice Pres., Miss M. Emerson, Miss J. Hodgman; Sec, Miss L. F. Emerson,
Miss A. M. Hutchinson, Miss Lydia Tyler ; Treas., Miss H. L. Pebbes, Miss H. Hodgman.
Cash expended, $82.67. Sent to Sanitary Fair, $25. No estimate of hospital supplies.
PENFIELD, Lorain Co.
PENFIELD.— Pres., Mrs. H. S. Smith, Mrs. F. Richmond; Vice Pres., Mrs. L. P.
Starr ; Sec, Miss Mary E. Hayes, Mrs. T. Penfield, Jr.; Treas., Mrs. A. Crane ; Directors,
Mrs. Dalgleish, Mrs. A. Lindsley, Mrs. E. Sheldon, Mrs. McGraugh, Mrs. L. Houghton,
Mrs. George Norton.
PENFIET,D AND WELLINGTON.-Pres., Mrs. Albina Allen ; Sec, Mrs. L.' Finch;
Treas., Miss Jane Long, Mrs. L. Rockwood.
PENINSULA, Summit Co.
Pres., Mrs. L. Watterman, Miss Sylvia L. Edgerley, Mrs. R. Cole; Vice Pres., Mrs. H.
Johnson; Sec, Mrs. F. C. Wetmore, Mrs. E. S. Haskell, Mrs. William McNeil; Treas.
Mrs. Frederick Wood, Miss Lydia Johnson.
Cash expended, $4T3 48. Hospital stores not estimated.
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498 APPENDIX F.
PENX LINE, Crawford Co., Pa.
Prbs., Mrs. Mary B. Dewey; Vicb Pbes., Mies Myra Barber; Sec, Miee Leonore Piatt;
Treas., MiBS Augusta Barber.
PERRY, Lake Co.
Prss., Mrs. Susan Harper, Mrs. Wm. A. Davis; Vice Pres., Mrs. Ralph Tyler; Sec,
Mies Sarah F. Wyman, Mrs. W. A. Wheeler; Treas., Mrs. Milton Shepard, Mrs. M. A.
Wire.
Cash expended, $752.25. Sent to Sanitary Fair, $S20. Ko estimate of hospital supplies
furnished.
PERU, Huron Co.
Pres., Mrs. Charles Raskins, Mrs. A. Manley ; Vice Prbs., Mrs. Dr. Eaton ; Sec, Miss
Libbie C. Sanders, Mrs. S. F. Deyo, Miss Ruth Athcrton ; Trbas., Mrs. B. Wyman.
Cash expended, $1,131.86. Value of shipments, $988.15.
PINE HILL, BATH AND COPLEY, Summit Co.
Pres., Mrs. Hartwell Parker; Sec, Miss Alfe Capron ; Treas., Mrs. Eliza Sweet, Mrs.
J. Brown.
Cash expended, $200. Value of supplies contributed, $150.
PIERREPONT, Ashtabula Co.
Prbs., Mrs. Sally Norton, Mrs. S. Woodruff; Sec, Mrs. Martha Beckwith, Mrs. N. B.
Hawkins ; Treas , Mrs. Lydia Goodrich, Mrs. H. L. Leonard.
PIONEER, Williams Co.
Pres., Mrs. James Morris ; Vice Prbs., Mrs. S. M. Boyd; Sec, Mrs. L. P. Qaudern ;
Treas., Mrs. Lyman Shepard.
PITTSFIELD, Lorain Co.
Pres., Mrs. Polly West, Mrs. C. C. Spooner, Mrs. D. Davies; Sec and Treas., Mrs. O.
J. Bradley; Directors, Mrs. J. Blackwell, Mrs. A. Bacon, Mrs. J. Powell, Mrs. G.
Sherbnm, Mrs. J. Round, Mrs. A. Whitney, Mrs. J. Gifford, Mrs. S. A. Clark, Mrs. R.
Worcester, Mrs. J. R. Ward, Mrs. J. Barnard, Mrs. P. Hall, Mrs. D. Lncas, Mrs. J. Tuttle,
Mrs. M. Kellogg, Miss J. Wilder, Mrs. J. Miles.
Value of supplies contributed, $620. Sent to Sanitary Fair, $89.78.
PLYxMOUTH, Ashtabula Co.
Pres., Miss B. Burnett ; Sec, Miss N. A. Morgan ; Treas., Mrs. L Hoflfinan.
Value of supplies, $300. Cash expended, $100.
POLAND, Mahoning Co.
POLAND.— Pres., Mrs. Wm. Logan ; Vice Pres., Mrs. A. S. McMasters; Sec, Mrs. E.
Hawkins, Mrs. C. M. Hawn, Mrs. L. Mansfield ; Treas., Mrs. Wm. Courtney.
Value of stores shipped through the Sanitary Commission, $3,031.71 Supplies sent
directly to the field estimated at $250.
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APPENDIX F. 499
POLAND CENTER.— Pbjcs., Mrs. N. Henderson, Mrs. Mary Slaven, Mrs. Rachel
Andergon ; Sec, Miss Mary E. Henderson, Mrs. R. A. Stewart, Mrs. Mary A. Smith ;
Tbbas., Mrs. R. A. Smith, Mrs. Mary Slaven, Mrs. Annie Guthrie.
Cash expended, $67. No estimate of supplies. .
POLAND, JUVENILE.— Prks., Miss Lottie E. Truesdale ; Sec , Miss Mary K. Mans-
field ; Tbeas., Miss Lizzie T. Woodruff.
POLK, Ashland Co.
Pbbs., Miss Maria Kilgore, Mrs. W. S. Spencer; Sec, Mrs. Eliza Kuhn, Mrs. W. E.
Byers ; Trbas., Miss Mary McFadden, Mrs. W. S. Spencer.
Value of shipments, $1,400.
PORT CLINTON, Ottawa Co.
Pres., Mrs. Wm. Johnson ; Ssc, Mrs. Mary A. Dntcher ; Tbeas., Mrs. James Kingham ;
Directors, Mrs. C. Pollock, Mrs. Emily Baldwin, Miss Mary Lewis.
PUT-IN-BAY, Ottawa Co.
Pres., Mrs. John Stone ; Sec. and Treas., Mrs. F. C. Clark.
RANDOLPH, Portage Co.
Pres., Mrs. Maria Dickinson, Mrs. Harriet D. Brainard; Vice Pres., Mrs. Wm. Sted-
man ; Sec, Miss Helen Stedman ; Treas., Mrs. Hattie Carlton, Mrs. Franklin Sanford ;
Directors, Mrs. Orsamus Stanford, Mrs. Myron Collins, Mrs. Hiram Fenton, Mrs. Hiram
Austin, Mrs. Joseph Brainard.
Estimate of shipments, $2,641.34. Contributions to Sanitary Fair valued at $148.28.
RAVENNA, Portage Co.
Pres., Mrs. M. B. Skinner, Mrs. D. D. Pickett, Mrs. James E. Wilson ; Vice Pres., Mrs.
R. A. Gillette ; Sec, Mrs. Helen B. Ranney ; Treas., Mrs. S. J. Parmelee.
RAWSONVILLE, Lorain Co.
Pres., Mrs. T. H^ Hand; Vice Pres., Mrs. C. W. Boughton; Sec, Mrs. F. W. Preston,
Mrs. J. T. Gardner ; Treas., Mrs. H. B. Kelsey.
No estimate of shipments. Contributed to the Sanitary Fair, $88 in money and fancy
articles.
REEDTOWN, Seneca Co.
Pres., Miss Sophia Silcox, Mrs. E. A. Owen; Sec, Mrs. R. R. Wilkinson, Mrs. Mary
R. Raymond, Mrs. J. D. Coleman ; Treas., Miss Clara H. Bernard.
REMSEN CORNERS, Medina Co.
Pres., Mrs. Wm. P. Ingraham, Mrs. Julia Wiard; Vice Pres., Mrs. S. J. Whitman;
Sec, Mrs. S. H. Albertson ; Treas., Miss Olive Hatch, Mrs. Nancy French.
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500 APPENDIX F.
RICHFIELD, Summit Co.
Pres., Mrs. E. C. Farnham, Mre. Mary F. Oviatt; Vice Prbs., Mrs. P. A. Carr; Sec,
Mrs. Chartotte W. Oviatt, Mrs. E. A. Pixley ; Treas., Miss Celia Payne, Mrs. Celia Wood,
Mine Emily Hammond.
Estimate of supplies contributed, $2,000.
RICHMOND, Ashtabula Co
RICHMOND CENTER.— Pres., Mrs. M. Gaskill, Mrs. Elizabeth A. Ross ; Sec, Mrs. E.
Rider, Miss A. Morse ; Treas., Mrs. E. B. Linn, Miss H. Morse.
SOUTH RICHMOND.— Pres. and Treas., Mrs. Geo. Summers; Vice Pres.. Mrs. M.
E. Houghton; Sec, Mrs. Lncinda Prosser, Miss A. Smith.
Ei*timated contributions, $33«..5fi.
RIPLEY UNION, Holmes Co.
Pres., Mrs. K. Maxwell; Sec and Treas., Miss M. A. Hill.
RIVER STYX, Medina Co.
Pres., Miss Lizzie A. Heaton; Vice Pres., Miss Antoinette Schlabach; Sec, Miss
Caroline A. Dean ; Treas., Miss Mettie Wilson.
Estimate of contributions to the Cleveland Sanitai-y Rooms, $366.50. Sent to Sanitary
Fair sundries and cash amounting to $135.84.
ROCHESTER, Lorain Co. ,
ROCHESTER CENTER.— Pres., Mrs. F. C. Elliott, Mrs. N. C. Boice; Sec Miss E. A.
Humiston, Mrs. S. C. Boice; Treas., Mrs. S. E. Ogden.
Estimate of stores forwarded, $1,006.34. Cash expended, $446.40.
ROCHESTER DEPOT.— Pres., Mrs. A. Welsher ; Sec, Miss D. Vanzile ; Treas., Mrs.
E. Knapp.
ROCK CREEK, Ashtabula Co.
Pres., Mrs. J. R. Stark; Sec, Mrs. A. M. Schafer; Treas., Mrs. L. Champion; Com-
mittee, Mrs. D. Chapman, Mrs. E. Pinney, Mrs, Knowlton, Mrs. Wilcox, Mrs. Baldwin,
Mrs. Dorsey.
Estimate of contributions, $725.
ROCKPORT, Cuyahoga Co.
EAST ROCKPORT.— Pres., Mrs. C. French, Mrs. Aurelia Munn ; Vice Pres., Mrs.
John Johnson; Sec, Miss McCrea, Miss Alice Coiahan, Miss Melissa Munn; Treas.,
Mrs. P. HaU. Mrs. Wagar.
SOUTH ROCKPORT.— Pres., Miss Abby N. Mastick ; Sec and Treas., Miss Bessie
E. Andrews.
WEST ROCKPORT.— Pres., Mrs. Reuben Wood ; Vice Pres., Mrs. M. Sprague, Mrs.
Sarah Barnum ; Sec, Miss Lucy Jordan, Mrs. Lucy Murray ; Treas., Mrs. J. H. Silverthom.
Cash expended, $460.77. No estimate of supplies.
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APPENDIX F. 501
ROME, Ashtabula Co.
ROME.— Pres., Mrp. J. Tinan ; Sec. aku Treas., MisB M. J. Crosby, Mrs. M. J.
Dou^Iaee.
ROME, DISTRICT No. 1— Prks., Mw. J. Halliday ; Sec, MUs B. Crowell.
ROOTSTOWN, Portage Co.
Pres., Mrs. Olive ^. Man roe, Mre. John O'Neal ; Sec. and Treas., Miss Louise Reed,
Mrs. Nelpon R. CoUinP.
RUUGLES, Ashland Co.
Pres., Mrs. S. Bowman, Mrs. Electa Weston, Mrs. J. G. Sturtevant ; Vice Pres., Mrs.
S. L. Gault; Sec. Mrs. S. L. Ganlt, Mrs. D. G. Hufftaan, Miss Mary A. Crist; Treas.,
Mit»8 Mary Paine.
RUSSELL, Geauga Co.
Pres., Mrs. J. H. Cooper, Mrs. David Robinson ; Sec, Mrs. A. C. Soule, Miss Rose M.
Robinson ; Treas., Mis^s Nabby C. Burnett.
SALEM, Columbiana Co.
SALEM.— Pres., Mrs. E. M. Williams, Mrs. E. P. Heaton, Mrs. L. Tolerton ; Sec, Miss
Rose A. Pmnty, Mrs. H. H. Bentley ; Treas., Mrs. M. T. Harris.
SALEM JUVENILE.— Pres., Miss Ella Webb ; Sec, Mies Mary D. Sharp ; Treas.,
Miss Mary Boyle.
SAVANNAH, Ashland Co.
Pres., Mrs. A. C. Scott; Vice Pres., Miss A. M. Stem, Mrs. Harriet Slonaker; Sec,
Miss L. M. Wherry, Miss 8. E. Gault, Mrs. H. Slonaker; Treas., Mrs. D. A. Hayes.
Cash expended, $700. Thirty-three packages shipped, of which no estimate was made.
SAYBROOK, Ashtabula Co.
SAYBROOK— Pres., Mrs. L. Munson, Mrs. C. Webster; Sec and Treas., Mrs. R.
Harris ; Directors, Mrs. W. T. Simonds, Mrs. D. Webster, Mrs. A. Brockett, Mrs. J.
Sutherland, Mrs. L. Anderson, Mrs. D. D. Turck, Mrs. H. Whipple.
Estimate of shipments, $834.75. Cash expended, $115.
SAYBROOK, JUVENILE.— Pres , Miss Belle E. Kelley; Sec, Miss Hattie Walker;
Treas., Miss Lottie Sherman.
SCOTTSVILLE, Monroe Co., N. Y.
SCOTTSVILLE.— Pres., Mrs. R. Miller; Sec and Treas., Mrs. T. Shadbolt.
WHEATLAND SOCIETY OF SCOTTSVILLE.— Pres., Miss M. E. Mann ; Sec and
Treas., Miss Jane Mann.
Estimate of contributions, $462.
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502 APPENDIX F.
SEVILLE, Medina Co.
Pres., Rev. L. Whitney, A. R. Whiteside, Mrs. Wm. E. Lyon ; Vice Prbs., Mrs. L. W.
Strong; Sec, L. W. Strong, E. P. Noyes, Wm. Porter, Miss Mattle Noyes, Miss Eliza
Bell, Miss Emma Tarner, Mrs. E. P. Whitney, Mrs. J. K. Caughey ; Tbeas., J. K. Caughey.
Cash expended, $1,0:^3. Contributed to Sanitary Fair, $'«.65. Shipments not esti-
mated.
SIIALERSVILLE, Portage Co.
Pres., Mrs. A. Harr; Sec. and Trbab., Mrs. S. Eneeland, Miss M. J. Rhodes.
SHANESVILLE, Tuscarawas Co.
Pres., Mrs. Mary J. Reid ; Sec, Miss Angle M. Shultz ; Tbeas., Miss Jennie Cnmming.
SHARON CENTER, Medina Co.
Pres., Mrs. Phebe Phinney, Mrs. Palmer; Vice Pres., Mrs. Amerman, Mrs. Bissell,
Mrs. Hayden, Mrs. Mills ; Sec and Treas., Mrs. M. A. Chatfleld, Mrs. Carr; Committee,
Mrs. E. Curtis, Mrs. Foltz, Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Schonover.
Cash expended, $260. Sent to Sanitary Fair, $75. No estimate of supplies.
SHEFFIELD, Lorain Co.
SHEFFIELD.— Pres., Miss M. L. Root ; Sec, Mrs. E. P. Bnrrell ; Treas., Mrs. Mary
C. Day, Miss Kate Randall.
SHEFFIELD AND ELYRIA PLANK ROAD.— Pres., Miss S. A. Buck; Sec and Treas ,
Miss Hannah E. Hecock, Miss C. L. Buck.
SHEFFIELD LAKE.— Pres., Mrs. Theron Moore; Sec, Mrs. S. C. Woodruff; Treas.,
Miss Angeline Irish.
NORTH SHEFFIELD.— Pres., Mrs. E. Atwater; Vice Pres., Mrs. J.Hardy; Sec and
Treas., Mrs. C. E. Gage.
SHENANDOAH, Richland Co.
Pres., Mrs. Catharine Sanker; Vice Pres., Mrs. Elizabeth Burgoyne; Sec, Mrs. Cath-
erine Fickes ; Treas., Mrs. Elizabeth Valentine.
SHENANQO, Crawford Co., Pa.
Pres., Mrs. Kate Wilson ; Sec, Mrj». J. C. French; Treas., Miss Emily Fonner.
SHERMAN, Huron Co.
Pres., Mrs. Geo. Bloomer ; Sec and Treas., Mrs. J. E. Le Barre.
SMITHFIELD STATION, Mahoning Co.
Pres., Miss H. E. Coppock, Mrs. S. Hartley; Sec, Miss L. A. L. Thompson.
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APPENDIX F. 503
SOLON, Cuyahoga Co.
SOLON.— Prbs., Mrs. Wm. Richards, Mrs, Jason Robbins; Vice Pees., Mrs. O. B.
Smith, Mrs. C. Gilbert; Sec, Mrs. E. T. Robbins, Miss Anna Webster ; Treas., Mrs. M.
J. Hickox, Mrs. E. C. Parmalee.
Cash expended. $581.76. Stores not estimated.
NORTH SOLON.— Pres., Mrs. S. H. Bishop; Sec, Mrs. J. Cannon; Tubas., Mrs.
Francis Pilte.
SOUTHINGTOX, Tkumbull Co.
Mrs. Sarah M. Goff.
SPARTA, Stark Co.
Agent, William L. Griffin.
SPENCER, Medina Co.
SPENCER.— Pres., Mrs. Mary Willey; Vice Pres., Mrs. Warner, Mrs. Electa Luce;
Sec., Miss M. L. Hodge, Mrs. C. M. Stedman ; Treas., Mrs. Ann Sweet, Mrs. E. A.
Kilbom.
Estimate of shipments, $1,500.
SPENCER, DISTRICT No. 7.— Pres., Miss Alma Eldred ; Sec, Miss Arvilla Frank ;
Treas., Miss Anna Kitchen, Miss Martha Frank, Miss Augusta Myers.
SPRINGFIELD, Erie Co., Pa.
SPRINGFIELD X ROADS.— Pres., Mrs. H. Dickenson; Sec, Mrs. Sarah J. Mcintosh,
Mrs. M. J. Cowles, Mrs. L. A. Bond; Treas., Mrs. H. Johnson.
UNION GARDEN AID SOCIETY, SPRINGFIELD.- Sec, Florence D. Miller ; Agent,
Kate R. Doty.
WEST SPRINGFIELD.— Pres Mrs. Mary Fonts, Mrs. Esther Gould ; Vice Pres., Mrs.
Louisa Thomas; Sec, Miss Sarah M. Gould; Tkeas., Mrs. F. C. Powell, Miss Emily
Thomas.
STATE LINE, Trumbull Co.
Pres.. Mrs. William Cheney; Sec, Miss L. E. Thomas.
STOW, Summit Co.;
Pres., Mrs. Josiah Wetmore ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Albert Stow, Mrs. Silas Wetmore ; Sec.
AND Treas , Miss Velonia Lemoine.
Cash expended, $201.17. No estimate of supplies.
STREETSBORO, Portage Co.
Prbs., Mrs. Elliott Osgood, Mrs. Horace Peck, Mrs. Eli Peck; VicE Pres., Mrs. Bar-
tholomew; Sec, Miss Nancy Russell, Miss Amanda Judd; Treas.. Mrs. P.Brewster,
Miss Julia A. Peck.
Cash expended, $3-11.28. No estimate of supplies forwarded.
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504 APPENDIX F.
STRONQSVILLE, Cuyahoga Co.
STRONGSVILLE.— Pbes., Mrs. Harvey Lyon, Mrs. Gardner, Mrs. Wood; Vice Pkes. ,
Mrs. Orphie Pope, Mrs. K. Pomeroy, Mrs. E. H. Reed ; Sbc, Mrs. A. C. B. Lyman, Mrs.
A. H. Pomeroy, Miss Zelia A. Gardner, Mrs. C. F. Haynes ; Tbkas., Mrs. Gardner, MiPS
V. Pomeroy: Directors, Mrs. Gardner, Mrs. S. J.Whitney, Mrs. M. W. Haynes, Mrs.
Merrick, Mrs. Wing, Mrs. Tupper, Miss Adams, Mrs. Hoyt, Mrs. Reed, Mrs. WiUcinson,
Mrs. Welch, Mrs. Schley.
STRONGSVILLE, DISTRICT No. 2.-Pre8., Mrs. S. A. Humiston ; Sec, Mrs. Electa
Humiston.
SULLIVAN, Ashland Co.
Prbs., Mrs. H. M. Thurston, Mrs. C. Goodyear, Mrs. Barrett, Mrs. Dr. Shaw, Mrs. Maria
Johnson; Vice Pres., Mrs. De Mass, Mrs. James Campbell; Sec. and Treas., Mrs.
Dr. Campbell, Miss A. J. Millis, Mrs. A. M. Parmely, Miss L. Thomas, Mrs. Celia Mann,
Mrs. Ellen Gould.
Estimate of contributions, $2,650.
SULPHUR SPRINGS, Crawford Co.
Pres., Mrs. A. M. Fairchild ; Sec, Mi?s Julia Musgrave ; Treas., Miss Charlotte Dix.
SUMMER HILL, Crawford Co., P.w.
Pres., Miss Addie J. McDowell; Sec, W. A.Walker; Treas., Miss Sarah McClure,
Miss Lottie L. Proctor.
SUMMITVILLE, Columbiana Co.
Agent, Mrs. G. M. Stewart.
TALLMADQE, Summit Co.
TALLMADGE.-Pres., Mrs. J. P. Sackett, Mrs. M. W. As«hman: Sec, Mrs. A. F.
Snider; TrSas., Mrs. C. C. Wright.
WELSH ASSISTANT AID SOCIETY, TALLMADGE.— Pres., David Lewis ; Sec, Wm.
T Owen ; Treas., Rees J. Thomas.
Cash disbursed, $258.30. Supplies forwarded, $100.
THOMPSON, Geauga Co.
THOMPSON.— Pres., Mrs. L. C. Mathews, Mrs. J. B. Goodrich; Sec, Miss E. L.
Mathews, Miss Eleanor Tillottson; Treas., MissL. L. Fowler, Mrs. H. E. Strong.
SOUTH-WEST THOMPSON.— Solicitors, Mrs. C. M. Scott, Miss Sarah Tillotteon ;
Sec, Miss Lucy H. Whipple.
TOWNSEND, Huron Co.
TOWNSEND.— Pres., Mrs. Phebe Miller; Sec, Mrs. Lucy Lowe.
EAST TOWNSEND.— Pres., Mrs. Maria S. Humphrey; Vice Pres., Mrs. Abigail Fair-
child; Sec, Mrs. Helen M. Stow ; Treas., Wm. Humphrey.
Cash expended, $149.04.
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APPENDIX F. 505
SOUTH TOWNSEXD— Pres., Mrs. C. C. Bowen, Mrs. L. Sherman ; Vice Pres., Miss
Michie Harris : Mrs. H. M. Farman ; Treas., Miss Emma Bowen.
TROY, Ashland Co.
Prbs , Mrs. C. Naylor, Mrs. Rachel Richards, Mrs. Harriet Peck ; Vice Prep., Mrs. P.
Bruce, Mrs. C. Bishop, Mrs. C. Knauss; Sec, Mrs. S. M. Parmenier, Mrs. M. W. Price ;
Treas., Mrs. J. Malcolm, Mrs. M. Stall, Mrs. S. Weedman.
Value of shipments, $850.
TROY, Geauga Co.
Pres., Mrs. M. L. Welsh, Mrs. B. H. Heath; Vice Prss., Mrs. Mary Tinkham; Sec.^
Mrs. S. C. W. Latham; Treas., Mrs. M. James.
The first box received at the Cleveland Aid Rooms was sent by this Society.
TRUMBULL, Ashtabula Co.
TRUMBULL —Prbs., Mrs. O. K. Nye, Mrs. Sally Johnson, Mrs. T. Cook, Mrs. Eliza
Langwoithy, Mrt«. Clara Judkins ; Vice Pres., Mrs. S. S. Humphrey, Mrs. B. Rich, Mrs.
Wm. Nelson, Mrs. Sarah Thompson, Mrs. T. Curtis ; Sec, Mrs. L. Q Nye, Mrs. A. H.
Dodge, Miss Julia Judkins ; Treas., Mrs, Wm. Fletcher. Mrs. B. Rich ; CoMjaTTEB, Mrs.
H. Aylsworth, Mrs. B. M. Aylsworth.
TRUMBULL AND MORGAN.— Prbs., Mrs. Randolph Webster ; Sec, Mrs. D. L. Damon.
Treas., Mrs. Alta Winney.
TWINSBURG, Summit Co.
Pres., Mrs. A. L. Nelson, Mrs. Sam'l Bissell: VicE Pres., Mrs. E. Ailing, Mrs. E. Booth;
Sec, Mrs. A. V. Bishop, Mrs. H. W. Hanchett ; Treas., Mrs. S. A. Andrews, Mrs. H. W.
Hanchett, Mrs. R. Herrick.
Cash expended In hospital relief, $698.05. Thirty-seven packages of hospital stores
forwarded, value not reported. Contributed to the Sanitary Fair, $103,49. To Freed-
men, supplies and cash, $63.25.
UNION MILLS, Erie Co., Pa.
Pres., Mrs. Oscar Black, Mrs. N. T. Hune ; Sec and Treas., Mrs. H. Landsrath.
UNION TOWN, Stark Co.
Pres., Mrs. Henrietta Sweedon, Mrs. A. M. Steese ; Sec, Mrs. Mary Tantlinger ; Trbas.,
Mrs . Kate Mohler, Mrs. H. B. Richards.
Estimate of supplies, $180.
UNION VALLEY, Geauga Co.
Pres., Mrs. S. C. Wilder; Sec, Mrs. E. F. Williams.
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506 APPENDIX F.
UNIONVILLE, Lake Co.
Prbs., J. C. Ford, Mrs. E. Stratton ; Ssc. and Tbeas., Miss Amelia Guild ; Dibectors,
Mre. T. S. Baldwin, Mrs. E. Gale, MIbb L. Bartram, Mrs. Couse, Mrs. E. Cleveland, Miss
Elmina Stratton.
Estimate of contribntions, $617.87.
UNITY, Columbiana Co.
Prbs., Mrs. D. Augustine ; Sec, Miss Lavinia Early; Treas., Miss L. Shook.
VERMILLION, Erie Co.
VERMILLION.— PRES., Mrs. Lewis Wells; Sec, Mrs. Philo Morehouse; Treas., Mrs.
Phebe Case.
VERMILLION, No. 2.— Pres., Mrs. A. B. Lyon ; VicePres., Miss S. Parsons ; Sec, and
Tbbab., Mrs. J. W. Thompson.
VERMILLION, NORTH RIDGE.—Prbs. and Treas., Mrs. C. Beardsley ; Vice Pres.,
Mrs. BenJ. Summers; Sec, Mrs. A. C. Candee.
VERNON, Trumbull Co.
Pres., Mrs. Francis Haynes ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Sarah Bronson ; Sec, Mrs. W. E. Chap-
man ; Treas., Mrs. Joseph Hooff.
Cash expended, $198.40. Fourteen packages of hospital stores, value not reported.
VIENNA, Trumbull Co.
Pres., Mrs. Sarah Sandford, Mrs. John Williams ; Vice Pres., Mrs Laura Woodford,
Miss Kate Williams, Mrs. S. C. Treat ; Sec, Miss Dacia Squires, Miss Helen Betts, Mrs.
Laura Woodford ; Treas., Miss Libbie Woodford, Mrs. J. J. HoUiday ; Committee, Mrs.
Judson GrifBs, Mrs. Smith Scovill, Mrs. Calvin Williams, Mrs. Morrison Perkins, Miss
Helen Betts, Mrs. Lucius Hull, Mrs. Dr. Spencer, Mrs. Matthew Mackey, Miss Lucia
Squires.
Cash expended, $112.22. No estimate of supplies.
WADSWORTH, Medina Co.
Pres., Mrs. Julia Sprague ; Vice Pres., Miss Mary P. Eyles ; Superintendents, Miss
Mary H. Eyles, Miss Eliza A. Folger ; Sec, Miss Almira S. Houston ; Treas., Miss Lura
Boyer.
Value of supplies, $500. Cash expended, $128. Cash to Cleveland Soldiers' Home, $50.
WAKEMAN, Huron, Co.
Pres., Miss Sarah Todd, Mrs. Julia Hanford ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Amanda Johnson ; Sec,
Mrs. E. J. Bunce, Mrs. Lydia Bennett; Treas., Mrs. Clark, Mrs. Vaughan.
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APPENDIX F. 507
WARREN, Trumbull Co.
WARREN.— Prbs., Mrs. Heman R. Harmon; Vice Prbs. Mrs. Charles Howard; Sec.
AND Tbeas., Mrs. J. M. Stull ; Committee, Mrs. Junius Dana, Miss Clara Callender, Mrs.
M. Bliss, Mrs. F. L. Leroy.
The Warren Branch worked zealously through the whole period of the war without
change of officers, and with remarkable efficiency. Its earlier efforts are unrecorded.
The amount of cash expended is $1,265.17. The shipments of hospital stores are reported
as 24,450 articles, valued at $9,000.
WEST WARREN.— Pkbb., Mrs. Dorcas Gaskill, Sec, Miss C. A. Reed.
YOUNG LADIES' SOCIETY, WARREN.— Pres., Miss Frank P. Harmon; Sec, Miss
Mary Iddings ; Tbeas., Miss Emma Taylor.
Cash expended, $643.
WARREN, Warren Co., Pa.
Prbs., Mrs. R. Brown, Mrs. S. P. Johnson; Vice Pbes., Mrs. S. V. Davis; Sec and
Tbeas., Mrs. R. P. King.
Cash expended for hospital stores, $741.46. Cash sent to Relief Commissions, and for
benefit of soldiers' widows and orphans, $995.87.
WARRENSVILLE, Cuyahoga Co.
WARRENSVILLE SOLDIERS' AID.— Pres., Mrs. W. H. Warren ; Sec, Mrs. Mary
Taylor, Miss Alantha Adams ; Tbeas., Mrs. O. B. Judd.
WARRENSVILLE MITE SOCIETY.— Pbes., Mrs. Geo. Kent ; Sec, Mrs. C. W. Hickox;
Tbeas., Miss Delia Putnam.
WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP, Columbiana Co.
Pbes., Mrs. Parker, Mrs. Cobum, Mrs. Nixon; Sec, Mrs. S. C. Bracken, Miss Emily
Montgomery ; Tbeab., Mrs. Irwin.
Cash expended, $400. Supplies not estimated.
WATERFORD, Erie Co. Pa.
Pbes., Mrs. Samuel Hutchlns, Mrs. David Himrod; Vice Pbes., Mrs. H. R. Vincent,
Mrs. Howe ; Sec, Miss Sarah H. Vincent; Tbeas., Miss Maria Wood, Miss Phebe Himrod.
Cash disbursed, $2,683. No report of supplies.
WAYNE, Ashtabula Co.
WAYNE CENTER.— Pbes., Mrs. Parker, Mrs. A. S. Grey; Vice Pres., Mrs. B. S.
Decker; Sec, Miss Ellen Jones, Miss Hattie Fitts; Tbeas., Mrs. Lucy Ward, Mrs. Chas.
Hayes.
SOUTH WAYNE.— Pbes., Mrs. Linus Mathews, Mrs. P. Fonner ; Sec, Miss R. P.
Dean ; Tbeas., Miss Fannie Dean.
Estimate of contributions, $500.
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508 APPENDIX F.
WAYNESBURGH, Stark Co.
Pres., Mrs. Harriet Thomas, Mrs. J. Q. Croxton, Mrs. S. K. Robinson; Vice Pees.,
Mrs. R. Blyth; Sec, Mrs. E. H. Page, Mrs. J. C. Mong; Treas., Mrs. R. Morledge, Mrs.
J. F. May ; Committee, Mrs. J. N. Ross, Mrs. J. H. Creighton. Mrs. J. Morledge.
Estimate of contributions, $900.
WEATHERSFIELD, Trumbull Co.
Pres., Mrs H. T. Mason ; Vice Pbes., Mrs. S. Kingsley ; Sec, Mrs. R. M. Robinson ;
Treas., Mrs. C. Van Wie.
WELLINGTON, Lorain Co.
WELLINGTON.— Pres., Mrs. Henry Phelps, Mrs. O. Sage, Mrs. J. P. Nichols, Mrs. F.
M. Hamlin, Rev. L. F. Ward; Vice Pres., Mrs. Aldin Star, Mrs. E. O. Foote, Mrs. C. S.
Foote, Mrs. H. B. Franks, Mrs. J. H. WooUey; Sec, Mrs. J. H. Dickson, Miss M. A.
Hamlin, Miss L. D. Runnells, Mrs. Horace Wadsworth; Treas., Mrs. M. D. Calkins, Mrs.
N. Hamlin, Mrs. B. Q. Carpenter, Miss Louisa Runnells.
Cash expended, $1,186.05. Contribution to Sanitary Fair, 115.66. Supplies not estimated.
SOUTH-EAST WELLINGTON.— Pres., Mrs. Helen Howk; Vice Pres., Mrs. Laura
Russell, Mrs. S. A. Davison; Sec and^Treas., Mrs. Hannah Bradley; Directors, Mrs.
Esther Howk, Mrs. Electa Howk, Mrs. M«ry Howk, Mrs. Esther A. Peabody.
WELLSBURGH. Erie Co., PA.
Pres., Mrs. Hiram Irish; Sec, Mrs. S. J. Godfrey; Treas., Mrs. Titus Robinson.
VV^ELLS' corners, Erie Co., Pa.
Pres., Mrs. A. M. Compton; Sec, Mrs. M. E. Merchant.
WELLSVILLE, Columbiana Co.
Pres.. Mrs N. Murdoch, Mrs. House ; Sec, Mrs. E. H. Ayer, Mrs. S. L. Fisher ; Treas.,
Mrs. P. F. Geisse, Miss Mary Hurst.
WELSHFIELD, Geauga Co.
Pres., Mrs. Jedidah Reed; Sec, Mrs. Sylvia .Hinckley.
WESTFIELD, Medina Co,
Pres., Mrs. R. Gridley; Vice Pres., Mrs. H. Alden; Sec, Mrs. H. Saxton, Mrs. C.
Norton, Miss H. E. Bailey, Mrs. J. R. Collier, Miss Olive Gridley ; Treas., Mrs. A. G.
Hawley, Miss Sarah Smith, Mrs. H. Famham.
Et<timated contribution through the Sanitary Commission, direct to regiments, and for
home charities, $699.98.
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WESTERN STAR, Summit Co.
Pres., Mrs. A. Brown; Sec, Miss C. E Henptis, Mise Julia Nesunith; Treas., Mrs. E.
Mattison.
Estimate of contribntions, $100.
WESTVIEW, Cuyahoga Co.
Pres., Mrs. Phebe Adams, Mrs. T. L. Read ; Sec, Mrs. M. A. Vaughan, Mrs. E. M.
Baker; Treas., Miss E. Adams.
WEYMOUTH, Medina Co.
Pres , Miss Mary J. Packard ; Sec, Miss Jane Smedley, Miss E. Hobbs ; Treas., Miss
E. Packard, Miss Maria Carrington.
Ef^timated contribution, $300.
WHITE LAKE, Oakland Co., Mich.
Prbs., Mrs. J. C. Clark ; Sec, Miss Amanda Caldwell, Miss Emma Voorbies ; Treas.,
Mrs. Peter Voorbies ; Committee, Mrs. Henry Clay, Mrs. Phipps, Mrs. Levi Crittenden,
Mrs. Rev. N. Tucker.
Estimate of contribution, $860.
WICKLIFFE, Lake Co.
Pres., Miss Louise Taylor; Sec, Miss Isabel Eddy; Treas., Miss Alice Arnold.
Casb expended, $100. Supplies not reported.
WILLIAMSFIELD, Ashtabula Co.
WILLIAMSFIELD.— Pres., Miss Corintbia Smith; Vice Pres., Miss Louisa Barber;
Sec, Mrs. Annette Clark; Treas., Mrs. E. Homer.
Estimate of contributions, $600.
WEST WILLIAMSFIELD.— Pres., Mrs. Ellen Brooks ; Sec, Mrs^ Mattie Cowdry ;
Tres., Miss Lottie Wilcox.
WILLOUGHBY, Lake Co.
WILLOUGHBY.— Pres., Mrs. Heman Losey, Mrs. E. A. Ward; Sec. and Treas., Mrs.
D, Scranton.
WILLOUGHBY, WAITE HILL.— Pres., Mrs. J. Hobart; Vice Pres., Mrs. L.F. Waite;
Sec, Mrs. H. G. Tryon ; Treas., Mrs. I. H. Tryon.
Estimate of contributions, $400. Sent to Sanitary Fair, $150.
WILLOUGHBY, DISTRICT No. 7.— Pres., Mrs. Sarab Barnes ; Vice Pres., Mrs. Cath-
erine Holcombe, Mrs. Caroline Barnes ; Sec, Mrs. Mary Taylor, Mrs. Harvey Hall ; Treas.,
Mrs. Mary Harrington, Mrs. Harvey Hall.
Cash estimated at $142.95.
WILLOUGHBY AND MENTOR PLAINS.— Pres., Mrs. Maria S. J. Richardson ; Vice
Pres., Mrs. Maria Jenks; Sec, Miss E. J. McLaughlin, Miss Maria Downing; Treas.,
Mrs. Eliza Murcb, Miss Sarah A. Hyde ; Dirbctors, Mrs. E. A. Griswold, Mrs. Lucina
Campbell, Mrs. Frances McE wen.
Estimated contributions, $258.91.
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510 APPET^DIX ^.
WILLOUGHBY RmGE.— Prbs., Mrs. R. Puller; Vice Pbbs., Mrs. D. Hills; Sec, Mias
OUie M. Allen; Tbeas., Mrs. A. A. Ferguson; Committee, Mrs. M. A. Qillett, Miss Katie
Atkinson.
Cash expended, $32.92. Supplies contributed, $300.
WINCHESTER, Columbiana Co.
Pbbs., Mrs. 8. A. T. Lee; Sec, Miss M. E. Dundass ; Trbas., Mrs. L. Bidleman, Mrs.
N. A. Hanna.
Aggregate of supplies forwarded, $1,008.09. Contributed to Sanitary Fair, $116. Total,
$1,124.09.
WINDFALL, Lorain Co.
PRBS., Mrs. Win. Webster; Sec, Mrs. Mary J. French, Mrs. Alex. Frisbee ; Treas.,
Miss Louise Crowell.
WINDHAM, Portage Co.
Pbbs., Mrs. James Shaw; Vice Pbbs., Miss A. Wales, Mrs. Brown; Sec and Tbeas.,
Mrs. E. Rossman, Mrs. F. E. Jagger, Miss Hattie C. Snow ; Executive Committee, Mrs.
Dr. Applegate, Mrs. M. P. Higlcy, Mrs. O. Wadsworth, Mrs. N. Smith, Mrs. H. J. Noble,
Mrs. E. W. Williams, Miss Mary Angel, Mrs. F. Alderman, Mrs. Grant, Miss E. Spencer,
Miss L. Higley, Miss L. Snow.
Estimate of contributions, $2,386.
WINDSOR, Ashtabula Co.
WINDSOR.— Pbbs., Mrs. A, Rawdon, Mrs. E. St. John, Mrs. H. Pomeroy, Mrs. Asenath
Dyer; Vice Pbbs., Mrs. Helen Cook, Mrs. H. Clapp, Mrs. Cordelia Dyer; Sec, Mrs. H.
G. Barnard, Mrs. Catherine Rawdon ; Tbeas., Mrs. L. Hill, Mrs. Asenath Dyer.
Supplies forwarded, $423.87. Expended in local relief, $18. Total disbursements, $441.87.
WINDSOR, No. 2.— Pbbs., Mrs. Lucy Stevens ; Vice Pbbs., Mrs. Asenath Adams ; Sec,
Mrs. Julia A. Grover ; Tbeas., Mrs. Caroline Adams.
Value of supplies, $435.
WINDSOR MILLS.— Pbes., Mrs. Lucy Kinney; Vice Pbbs., Mrs. Caroline Humphrey ;
Sec, Miss Larissa C. Skinner; Tbeas., Mrs. E. P. Skinner; Chaplain, Mrs. Paulina
Alderman ; Dibectobs, Mrs. Jane Beard, Mrs. Irena Bartram, Mrs. Paulina Frazier, Mrs.
Emily Wiswell.
SOUTH WINDSOR.— Pbes., Mrs. Phebe Lathrop; Sec, Mrs. A. L. Sampson ; Tbeas.,
Miss A. Lathrop.
WOODVILLE, Sandusky Co.
Pbes., Mrs. A. Dunham; Vice Pbes., Mrs. E. Kellogg; Sec, Mrs. E. N. Baldwin, Mrs.
C. Kellogg ; Tbeas., Mrs. Geo. Brim.
Cash estimated at $500. Supplies, $500. Total contributions, $1,000.
YORK, Medina Co.
Pbbs., Mrs. A. H. Brintnall; Sec, Mrs. M. B. Pierce; Tbeas., Miss Melinda Bowen.
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APPENDIX F. - 511
YOUNGSTOWN, Mahonikg Co.
YOUNGSTOWN.— Priss., Mrs. P. W. Keller, Mrs. R. McMillen ; Vice Pkes., Mrs. Caro-
line Garlick ; Sec, Miss Loraine Calvin ; Treas., Mrs. Richard Brown.
The Yoiingstown Branch, organized early in the war, contlnned active till the call? for
hospital relief ceased, with hut slight change in its efficient organization. The amount
of cash expended in the work of the Society is $1,810.50. The balance in hand at the close
of the war, $91.08, was given to disabled soldiers or their destitute femilies ; making a
total cash disbursement of $1,901.58. Of the value of nine thousand articles of hospital
ftimishings no estimate has been reported. This Society was represented in the Sanitary
Fair by contributions which netted $900.
YOUNGSTOWN, FLINT HILL.— Pres. Mrs. Lydia Gibson, Mrs. Nancy McKinney ;
Sec, Mrs. L. J. Mikesell, Mrs. Jane Morrell ; Trbas., Mrs. H. E. Knox, Mrs. Harriet
Knapp.
YOUNGSTOWN, GRAMMAR SCHOOL.— Prbs. Miss Mattie Arms ; Vice Pkes., Miss
Belle Crawford; Sec, Miss Addie Garlick; Treas., Miss Carrie Arms, Miss Allie Wick.
YOUNGSTOWN, HIGH SCHOOL.— Pres,, Miss Zadie Barclay; Vice Pres., Miss
Mattie Keller ; Sec, Miss Ada Murray; Trbas., Miss Allie Baldwin.
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