Our communal health [serial]

Our

Communal HealtK

PUBLISHED BY THE
CONSOLIDATED BOARD OF HEALTH
OF

Wilmington and ISJeNV Hanover Count})
NortK Carolina

1-9-3-6

From the North East River to Federal Point, and from
the Cape Fear to the Sea — City, Suburb, Village
and Farm — we are one people striving
for healthful and useful living —

of t|)e

CHnitjer^itp of jQortI) Carolina

Collectiun of jRortfi Carolmiana

This hook must not
he taken from the
Lihvavy huildin^.

LUNC-5M Je.36
OP-12824

OUR COMMUNAL HEALTH
For the Year 1936

New Hanover County Board of Health
Wilmington, North Carolina

Gentlemen:

I hereby submit to you the report of the activities of the Health Department, as
summarized by the head of each administrative division, for the year 1936.

The number of deaths caused by the various diseases and the age at which our citizens
died are presented in tables and graphs covering the year 1936 and the preceding years
in order that results of public health activities may be evaluated in terms of disease pre-
vention and extension of the span of life. In Table No. 1, the deaths which have occurred
in Wilmington and rural New Hanover county are tabulated according to the cause,
race, sex, and age. In Table No. 2, you will find a comparison between data of the year
1936 and the years that have gone before it. The crude death rates are given in Table
No. 3 and expressed graphically in Fig. No. 1. The tabluation of births and of communi-
cable diseases is given in Tables No. 4 and 7 respectively.

None of the communicable diseases visited us during the past year in epidemic pro-
portions. Reference to mortality records, Table No. 1, will show no deaths from small-
pox, measles, or scarlet fever. Excluding non-residents, we had one death each from
typhoid, diphtheria, and whooping-cough.

Diphtheria

In our comment on diphtheria last year we said in part: "It is encouraging to report
not only no deaths from diphtheria but only 8 cases. Of this number only 5 occured
within the city. We like to feel that this is a result of the continuous effort of pedia-
tricians and the Health Department to secure early immunization against this dreaded
- disease. We may have this record marred at any time, but if the parents of young child-
ren will give their support and cooperation we can put diphtheria in a class with smallpox."
and "For the first time in the history of the department, we have gone two consecutive
years without a death from diphtheria." 1936 gives a much.less optimistic report. We
had one death and 62 (13 non-resident) cases of diphtheria. The only comfort we can
find here is that there was a general statewide increase in the prevalence of diphtheria.
Some authorities have implied that this increase in diphtheria indicates a lack of per-
severance in our efforts in immunization against diphtheria, but I am sure such an ex-
planation does not apply in Wilmington and New Hanover county. We are stressing
immunization at the age of six months and are urging the Schick test on all preschool
children examined (unless they are known to be immune). It is a pleasure to report
that the cooperation of the parents of preschool children in this respect is almost 100%.

Typhoid Fever

Reference to Fig. No. 3 and Table No. 7 will show 2 non-resident and 6 resident
cases of typhoid reported with 1 death. Of 24 cases of typhoid occurring during the
three years prior to 1936, 21 were within the city and were colored. In 1936, we had
one white and 2 colored t3^hoid patients in the city and 1 white and 2 colored in the
county.

For the past two years we have had our colored nurses hold numerous small inocula-
tion clinics at colored homes, churches, and lodges within the city in an effort to reach
those who will not come to the Health Department Clinic. Having only 2 colored
cases within the city, as compared to a yearly average of 7 for the past three years,
may indicate that this method is producing results. All the county cases were near each
other, and the first case was in a man who traveled about over the state quite a bit.

^^ [ 1 ]

c
m

Measles

When we observe that measles epidemics return rather consistently at three or four
year intervals, we may expect an epidemic probably in 1938 or 1939. To our lay readers
we urgently recommend the use of convalescent serum in the case of very young or very
frail children whenever the epidemic comes.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis stood fifth from the top among the causes of death, which was a serious
increase over last year. There were 39 resident deaths from this cause in 1936 as com-
pared to 29 in 1935. There will always be some variation from year to year, but a 34%
increase is much more than should be explained by yearly variation. In our 1932 report
there was this comment: "We are fearful of what may be expected in the near future
from tuberculosis among the negro population as a result of under-nourishment, exposure,
etc., due to the financial depression and unemployment." This and many other factors
probably enter into this problem. Negroes were the chief sufferers. Within the city,
15 out of 18 were negroes; in the county 16 out of 21.

The tuberculin test is used freely in our clinic and is offered each year to seniors in
the white and colored high school. It is also recommended to frail children, contacts,
and suspects in the under classes.

The State Sanatorium furnished us a trained clinician and fleuroscope without cost
to conduct a one-week free tuberculosis clinic for adults. These examinations were by
appointment and practically every appointment was taken.

No reference to the control of tuberculosis here is complete without special comment
on the Red Cross Sanatorium. This little sanatorium, supported partly by City-County
funds and partly by philanthropy, is more and more becoming a thoroughly equipped,
highly specialized hospital for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. Many border-
line cases could well afford to take advantage of the facilities offered here. From a
public health standpoint this institution's greatest value is its equipment for collapse
therapy. This is the most rapid method of changing a positive sputum into a negative
one and is therefore a great protection to the general public as well as to the individual
patient.

Our district nurses make several hundred visits to tuberculosis patients each year.

Parent-Teacher Associations provide milk and sometimes lunches for under-privi-
I eged children with glandular or childhood type of tuberculosis.

The use of the tuberculin skin test and the X-Ray cannot be over emphasized because
early diagnosis is the all important factor in the prevention and cure of tuberculosis.

Entero-Colitis

Fig. No. 4 expresses graphically the decline in the deaths due to entero-colitis under
two years. Deaths from this cause have been reasonably low for the past ten years. If
we exclude non-residents, there were only 3 deaths in the city and none in the county in
1936. This should be encouraging to our pediatricians, public health nurses, and dairy
inspector, as they constantly stress the importance of sterilization, pasteurization, and
strict cleanliness in the preparation and handling of food for infants and young children.

Pellagra

One death only was assigned to pellagra during the year. This is the best record
we have had in many years, however, there were 21 cases reported. Our department is
helped very much by the home demonstration agent in teaching the importance of a
balanced diet in curing and preventing pellagra.

Malaria

Malaria did not cause any deaths during the year, nor were there any malaria sur-
veys made. Through a survey in 1935 (and from patients treated in 1934 and 1935) we
found quite a bit of malaria in the Middle Sound and Scott's Hill sections. During 1936,
however, we did not have any special trouble with malaria in these sections. As a result
of our findings in 1934 and 1935, the W. P. A. malaria control officials have done extensive
drainage work in this vicinity. Many miles of malaria control ditches and canals have
been dug by the Federal Relief Projects. This work with reasonable maintenance should
be a valuable aid in preventing malaria for many years.

[ 2 ]

Poliomyelitis

Not a single case of poliomyelitis was reported during the year. The whole state
was comparatively free from this disease, as might have been expected after the alarming
epidemic of the preceding year. Epidemics of this disease are usually followed by one
to several years of almost complete freedom from it.

Meningococcic Meningitis

For the first time in the history of the department, we were threatened with an out-
break of meningitis. Actually, we had only 14 resident cases reported. These occurred
at intervals from March to November, inclusive. The cases were confined to the colored
race. Of the 14 cases, 9 died (exclusive of one death in January of a case reported in
1935). The all important factor in treatment-early diagnosis-was made impossible
in many of the cases because of the failure of the family to call a physician early. The
cases varied markedly from the usual in two respects. Most of them occurred in May,
June, and July (10 out of 14) instead of in cold weather, and the patients were much
older than one would expect. This disease is supposed to attack chiefly children and
young adults. We had one case 66 years old, 2 in their fifties, and 2 in their thirties.
The ones who recovered were 7, 8, 10, 14, and 14.

Infant Mortality

Table No. 5 will show that prematurity was responsible for 43.2% of the deaths of
infants under one year of age and considerably more than half of these infants died before
they were one week old. Including non-residents, 74 babies died before they were one
year old and 41, or 54%, died before they were one week old. This indicates that the
problem is one of obstetrics and not of pediatrics. Special effort is made in our clinic,
by our district nurses, and by the State Board of Health through literature, to teach
expectant mothers the importance of careful medical attention during the whole period
of pregnancy as well as during delivery. We must remember that many of these women
cannot afford the proper food, rest, and housing conditions. Many of them have hard
work added to poverty and exposure. In many cases, such circumstances explain the
extreme frailty of the offspring.

The federal government has furnished our clinic a part-time registered nurse who
has charge of prenatal patients. She takes a personal interest in every case and has
done a really worthwhile work among these women. Her work is directly under the
physician in charge of the clinic and all abnormal conditions are referred to him. This
is a slow, but, we belive, a very effective way to teach proper prenatal care.

Maternal Mortality

Care of mothers during delivery is shown in Table No. 6. A glance at this table
will show that a very high percentage of mothers are attended by physicians and mostly
in a hospital.

Table No. 8 gives a record of our maternal deaths from 1914 through 1933 in five-
year periods, while the record of these deaths for 1934, 1935, and 1936 begins a new
period. Very little improvement took place in maternal mortality during the twenty-
year period. Wilmington, along with the whole state and the south generally, has always
had a rather discouraging maternal mortality record. If we consider the whites only,
we find that 1936 broke all previous records for improvement with a rate of 3.9, which
is really going to be hard to improve on. A rate of 11.9 among colored women is still
discouraging. The hardship and exposure of poverty work their havoc among the mothers
as well as among the infants referred to under Infant Mortality. We are trying to teach
indigent mothers the best care within their reach. Our total maternal mortality rate
for 1936 of 7.2 showed a slight improvement over 1935.

Degenerative Diseases

Table No. 1 shows that, as in the past, organic heart disease caused many more
deaths than any other disease. There may be some encouragement in the fact that 53
of these people had passed the age of 65, and 48 were in the age group between 45 and 65.
Deaths from the other degenerative diseases were as follows: Cerebral hemorrhage, 81;
cancer, 34; and nephritis, 56. In this connection we especially recommend routine
physical examinations, preventive dentistry, and properly balanced diet.

[ 3 ]

I

Venereal Diseases

Reference to Fig. No. 20 will show that sj^ihilis and gonorrhea very greatly out-
number any of the other reportable and supposedly preventable diseases. The contrast
would probably be even greater if all cases of venereal diseases were reported to this
department. The report of the assistant health officer will show the number of Wasser-
manns taken and the number of specific treatments given.

The new Surgeon General of the U. S. Public Health Service has instituted an in-
tensive nation-wide drive against syphilis, and has requested a very substantial appro-
priation for this work. We will, of course, participate in this campaign and try to do
everything we can within the limit of our share of these funds.

Reference to Fig. No. 11 will show a most gratifjdng increase in the length of the
lives of our citizens as is indicated by the average age at death. In the twenty-seven
year period from 1910 to 1936, the average age at death has increased from approxi-
mately 31 years to 45 years, a gain of 14 years.

The care of the indigent sick has been heavy as usual, but the W. P. A. has aided
greatly in providing nurses, office attendants, and clerical help.

For the third time in succession our water has been free from salt the whole year,
thanks to the dykes and tide-gates built around Toomer's Creek with C. W. A. and E.
R. A. funds. Reference to the sanitary engineer's report will show that the purification
processes at the water plant have been most efficient.

The report of the assistant food and dairy inspector shows that our dairies furnished
milk of excellent quality the whole year.

It is impossible to enumerate all of the organizations and individuals that helped
in public health work, but some of the most notable are the Wilmington Star-News in
giving publicity; the Parent-Teachers Association in sponsoring the round-up of pre-
school children and in distributing milk to children infected with tuberculosis; the North
Carolina Sorosis in conducting a baby clinic; the Rotary Club in conjunction with the
State Department of Vocational Rehabilitation in conducting an orthopedic clinic;
the Red Cross Sanatorium in the care of tuberculous patients; and the James Walker
Memorial Hospital in conducting the isolation ward for communicable diseases.

The reports of the various administrative subdivisions of the department are given
as follows:

It is a pleasure to record the loyalty and enthusiasm with which the members of
our staff and the W. P. A. workers in our department have performed their duties.

Increased Len^h of Life

Assistant Health officer

Sanitary Engineer

Food and Dairy Inspector

Assistant Food and Dairy Inspector.

Diagnostic Laboratory

Public Health Nurses

Sanitary Inspectors

Incinerator..

Hospital

Plumbing Inspector

Mosquito Commission

.Page

-Pages

.Page

.Pages

.Page

.Page

.Page

.Page

.Page

.Page

.Page

5

6,7,8
9

10,11
12
13
14
15
14
15
16

Respectfully submitted,

A. H. ELLIOT, M. D.

County Health Officer.

[ 4

ASSISTANT COUNTY HEALTH OFFICER'S REPORT
For the Year 1936

Clinic Report

Wmte

Colored

iotal

Number patients treated or examinea in nome

960

696

1,656

Number patients treated or examined at office

/ ,4oo

3,699

8,129

11,828

"NJiiTYiV^f^r T\a1"iP'ni"c fTPQf'Pfi dv PYaminprl pmmf'v iJiil

93

81

174

123

Number patients treated or examined, county home

yy

ZO

n c
iZo

69

Number completed antirabic treatments

1

1

1

z

3

6

9

144

149

293

"NJiiTYinpT PYQ TYiTnti 1"innc f^nilrl tot TnHnc1"'rv

17

9

26

Number examinations by court order

Q
O

c
o

Number examinations, admissions to institutions

7

3

10

Number examinations for lunacy

18

26

44

Number examinations, postmortem

3

8

11

Number examinations, teachers

48

4

52

Number obstetrical cases examined

98

306

404

Number visits by obstetrical cases

288

1,057

1,345

School children examined for scabies

38

8

46

Children examined for other diseases

279

319

598

Number tonsil examinations

139

223

362

Number Wassermann tests (state laboratory)

374

1,130

1,504

Number of Foodhandlers Examined

Food Establishments 152

Restaurants 95

Dairies 2

Hotels 29

Homes 210

Total 488

Venereal Disease Clinic

Syphilis

Gonorrhea

Chancroid

W

B

W

B

W

B

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

New cases attending clinic

23

16

121

160

30

9

78

50

8

0

35

3

Old cases attending clinic

135

153

427

726

11

5

11

16

1

0

6

0

Number doses, arsenical-

257

197

835

1,280

71

31

89

108

10

0

44

3

Number doses, bismuth-

79

138

164

394

Totals for Venereal Diseases

Syphilis: New Cases, 320 Old Cases, 1,441 /
Gonorrhea: New Cases, 167 Old Cases, 43
Chancroid: New Cases, 46 Old Cases, 7
Respectfully submitted,

G. R. CARPENTER, M. D.

Assistant County Health Officer.

[ 5 ]

SANITARY ENGINEER'S REPORT
For the Year 1936

Dr. a. H. Elliot, County Health Officer,
Wilmington, N. C.

Dear Sir:

The report of the sanitary engineer and the laboratory at the city water purification
plant for the year 1936 is as follows:

Water Works

Blue prints giving complete summaries of all laboratory results and operating data
accompany this report. Some of the most important results are given in the tables
below.

Operating Statistics

Water treated, in millions of gallons.- 936.280

Chemicals used, in pounds per million gallons:

Alum. : 226

Lime 130

Chlorine 4.8

Activated Carbon.. 2 . 05

Wash Water, per cent of water treated 1 .81

Coal, pounds per million gallons 165

Power, K. W. H. per million gallons 559

The figures given for coal and power are for low lift pumping only, based on one-third
total fuel.

Cost Data

(Does not include depreciation, interest, or insurance.)

Low pressure pumping, labor and materials $ 7,794.17

Filtration: Chemicals and materials 4,665.38

Supervision, labor, and laboratory 6 , 975 . 44

Total cost of purification 19,434.99

High pressure pumping, labor and materials.- 22,013.23

Total cost for year 1936 41 ,448.22

Total cost for year 1935 40,702.05

Total cost per million gallons, 1936 45 . 08

Cost of purification per million gallons, 1936 21 . 14

Cost of high pressure pumping per million gallons, 1936 23.94

Total cost per million gallons, 1935 44.86

Cost of purification per million gallons, 1935 21 .38

Cost of high pressure pumping per million gallons, 1935 23.48

Cost for the two years 1935 and 1936 were about the same. Power and labor cost
were slightly higher in 1936. Alum was slightly higher per pound but a lower dosage
was used. A different method from that used in previous years was used in calculating
wash water cost. Heretofore the wash water has been figured at the cost of production
and so entered as one of the expenses of purification. This gave approximately correct
results in cost per million gallons but made the total cost too high, as the cost of the
wash water was already included in the expenses of pumping and purification. This
year no item for wash water was included, but the amount of wash water was subtracted
from the total amount of water treated and the cost per million gallons figured on this basis.

[ 6 ]

Annual Summary of Laboratory Results on the City Water

Average

Maximum

Minimum

Raw

Tap

Raw

Tap

Raw

Tap

Color

57

11

200

25

40

5

Turbidity

51

1

400

5

5

0

Total Hardness

12

29

14

34

10

26

12

8

21

24

31

3

13

Chloride

8

51

51

5

5

Free Carbon Dioxide

7

0

12

1

4

0

pH Value

6.2

8.5

6.4

9.4

6.0

7.6

Bacteria per ml. 37° C

263

4

2000

85

20

0

B. Coli per 100 ml

388.6

0

585.0

0

111.6

0

The chemical results given above are in parts per million.

Removal of Bacteria

Ave. Bacteria

Ave. B. Coli

per ml. 37° C.

per 100 ml.

Raw water

263

388.6

Basin effluent

57 •

20.3

Filter effluent

27

0.23

Sterilized effluent (tap)..

4

0.0

Percentage Removal of Bacteria

Bacteria

B. Coli

By sedimentation

78.4

94.77

By ffltration

52.6

98.86

By sterilization _

85.1

100

Total removal

98.4

100

The sanitary quality of the water delivered to the city was very high throughout
the year. No members of the B. Coli group were found in samples collected at the plant
tap, samples collected at various points on the distribution system each month, or in
samples sent to the State Laboratory of Hygiene. The filtered water without steriliza-
tion far exceeds the requirements of the U. S. Treasury Standards as to bacterial quality

Chlorine-Resistant Bacteria

All the time since the present sanitary engineer has been here and probably since
the water plant has been in operation organisms have appeared from time to time which
ferment lactose broth but do not confirm as members of the B. Coli group. Chlorine
seems to have little effect on them. They are probably non-pathogenic but they should
be eliminated from the tap water if possible. It has been suggested that a combination
of chlorine and ammonia, applied prior to filtration, would be effective. This will be
investigated.

Laboratory

The following examinations were made in the laboratory by the sanitary engineer:

Total plant samples (raw, coagulated, ffltered, and tap) _ 2,979

Water samples from outside sources 1 , 363

Feces for typhoid 31

Blood for typhoid 7

Urine for typhoid .... 1

Postmortem for typhoid: Gall bladder 1

Contents of intestine 1

Filter sand analyses 8

Lime analyses 1

Water samples analyzed for iron 10

[ 7 ]

Salt

The dikes and dams at Toomer's Creek were very effective in keeping salt water
out of the city mains. Maximum chloride concentrations observed were 51 parts per
million in the tap water, 3,000 parts per million in Northeast River at Hilton, 2,950 parts
per million in Cape Fear River at the highway bridge, and 525 parts per million in Cape
Fear River at Navassa.

Improvements

Among improvements made at the water plant during the year are the following:

1. The clear water reservoir on the hill was covered. This will eliminate possible
contamination of the drinking water and prevent the growth of taste and odor producing
algae.

2. The cross-connection whereby raw river water could have been pumped into
the city mains was abolished.

3. A meter was installed on the wash water line.

4. Two new chlorinators were installed.

5. A smooth water-tight floor was laid in the pipe gallery.

6. A gasoline engine stand-by was provided for high pressure pumping.

7. A new filter was installed.

8. The boiler room roof was repaired.

9. Two new electric pumps were installed.
10. Several of the old filters were overhauled.

Respectfully submitted,

L. 1. LASSITER,

Sanitary Engineer.

FOOD AND DAIRY INSPECTOR'S REPORT
For the Year 1936

Dr. a. H. Elliot, County Health Officer,
Wilmington, N. C.

Dear Sir:

I wish to submit the following report for the year 1936:

Passed

Condemned

Cattle

1,075

16

Calves. _.

830

7

Goats _

6

0

Hogs

1,421

21

Meat products—

8,750 lbs.

T. B. tests

1,263

2

Total

4,595

46

Number
Inspections

Bakeries 74

Candy Factories ._. 56

Commission Houses 325

Fish and Oyster Stalls 490

Groceries... 780

Hotels. 140

Ice Cream Factories 35

Meat Markets 1 , 015

Milk Stations 34

Restaurants 1 , 155

Soda Fountains 790

Dairies . .... 167

Herds 167

Dogs.. 424

Bottling Plants 72

Slaughter Houses.... 124

TotaL_ 5,848

Miles Driven 8,700

Respectfully submitted,

R. P. HUFFMAN,

Food and Dairy Inspector.

[ 9 ]

ASSISTANT FOOD AND DAIRY INSPECTOR'S REPORT
For the Year 1936

Dr. A. H. Elliot, County Health Officer,

Wilmington, N. C.
Dear Sir:

I respectfully submit the following report for the year 1936:

Nuiiiiber Samples, Average Bacterial Count, Butter Fat, and Total Solids
for 1936, of All Dairies Producing Milk Sold in New Hanover County

Average

NAME

Grade

Number

Bacterial

Number

Butter

Number

Total

Samples

Count

Samples

Fat

Samples

Solids

Blake, H. C

A

24

6,500

23

4.04

23

12.81

Botevsky.

A

25

10,000

23

3.84

23

12.61

Clemmons

A

22

3,300

22

4.07

22

12.88

Drevj^n

A

21

5,500

21

4.13

21

12.99

Dixon.

A

22

11,000

20

4.03

20

12.83

Garrett

A

24

4,500

24

4.32

24

13.24

Harrell

A

24

4,200

23

4.27

23

13.81

A

23

17,000

23

4.15

23

13.00

A

26

6,000

25

3.97

25

12.80

Leeuwenburg Dairy

A*

24

3,000

22

3.63

22

12.40

McEachern

A*

24

4,600

24

3.64

24

12.41

McEachern

A

24

5,500

24

3.80

24

12.57

Meade

A

22

8,500

22

4.50

22

12.78

Smith

A

18

7,600

17

4.53

17

13.44

Swart

A*

24

1,300

23

4.29

23

13.14

Swart

A

24

3,200

21

4.20

21

13.04

Taylor

A

17

5,000

16

4.17

16

13.08

Vanderwal

A

22

5,000

20

4.03

20

12.84

White's

A*

25

4,600

25

3.95

25

12.75

OUT OF

BUSINESS

Blake, A. M

A

5

11,000

5

3.70

5

12.46

Hollis

A

4

9,000

4

4.30

4

13.16

Johnson

A

5

13,100

5

4.20

5

13.04

Number of Samples and Bacterial Averages of Milk to Pastuerizing Plant

Average

NAME

Grade

Number

Bacterial

Samples

Count

Hermitage

A

48

5,300

Invershiel

A

48

10,000

Kromalav

B

48

15,000

Leeuwenburg, John

A

47

18,000

Plevier.

A

48

16,000

Sanderson

B

24

20,000

St. Helena Colony.

B

74

26,000

Wood

A

47

4,700

OUT

OF BUSINESS

Batts

B

24

7,000

Cox.

A

12

12,500

Quinlivan

A

48

12,000

Laboratory Report

Bacterial Analyses 930

Butter Fat Analyses 434

Total Solids Computed 432

Inspections 477

Conferences 338

Miles Driven._ 10,851

*Pasteurized.

[ 10 1

Bacterial Count of All Milk Sold in New Hanover County

Sold Direct to Consumer

January 5,400

February 4,100

March 6,200

April 3,500

May 10,000

June 5,600

July. 15,000

August - 6,200

September 7,600

October 5,500

November 3,000

December 2,800

Pasteurized Before Going
to Consumer

January 10,000

February 8,000

March 9,000

April 13,000

May 16,000

June 27,000

July 16,000

August 17,000

September 16,000

October 13,000

November 8,000

December _ 8,000

Butter Fat and Total Solitds Averages, by Months, of All Milk Sold
in New Hanover County

MONTHS

January.....
February-
March

April _

May .

June

July

August

September.
October....
November.
December.

Butter Fat

Total Solids

Average

Average

4.16

13.00

4.06

12.94

3.99

12.54

3.94

12.71

4.17

12.85

3.99

12.77

3.98

12.78

3.91

12.70

4.03

12.83

4.29

13.15

4.26

13.11

4.22

13.30

Bacterial Count Summary, 1936
(Milk Direct to Consumer)
75.95% of all samples showed a bacterial count of less than 10,000 per cc.
88.42% of all samples showed a bacterial count of less than 25,000 per cc.

7.57% of all samples showed a bacterial count between 25,001 and 50,000 per cc.

1.56% of all samples showed a bacterial count between 50,001 and 100,000 per cc.

1.56% of all samples showed a bacterial count between 100,001 and 200,000 per cc.

0.22% of ail samples showed a bacterial count between 200,001 and 300,000 per cc.

0.00% of all samples showed a bacterial count between 300,001 and 500,000 per cc.

0.22% of all samples showed a bacterial count between 500,001 and 1,000,000 per cc.

0.45% of all samples showed a bacterial count of over 1,000,000 per cc.

Milk Pastuerized Before Going to Consumer

48.50% of all samples showed a bacterial count of less than 10,000 per cc.
75.84% of all samples showed a bacterial count of less than 25,000 per cc.
15.59% of all samples showed a bacterial count between 25,001 and 50,000 per cc.
2.76% of all samples showed a bacterial count between 50,001 and 100,000 per cc.
2.98% of all samples showed a bacterial count between 100,001 and 200,000 per cc.
0.63% of all samples showed a bacterial count between 200,001 and 300,000 per cc.
1.15% of all samples showed a bacterial count between 300,001 and 500,000 per cc.
.63% of all sam^ples showed a bacterial count between 500,001 and 1,000,000 per cc.
.42% of all samples showed a bacterial count of over 1,000,000 per cc.

Respectfully submitted,

J. B. EDWARDS,
^ Assistant Food and Dairy Inspector.

[ 11 I

DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY REPORT
For the Year 1936

WHITE

COLORED

Total

Pos.

Neg.

Pos.

Neg.

Throat swabs for Vincent's angina

Throat cultures for diphtheria

8
27
1
26
9
2
1
6

39
225
11
67
152
1
1

30

4
5
3

89
4
12

3
44

4
173
11

6

2
40

54
301

19
355
176

21
4

78

Sputa for tuberculosis

Smears for gonorrhea

Feces for parasites

Spinal fluid for meningoccocus

White blood count

Malaria

2

Differential blood count

WHITE

COLORED

1,485

Urinalyses

453

1,032

Respectfully submitted,

SARA C. CANTWELL,
Laboratory Technician.

[12]

WILMINGTON PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING ASSOCIATION
Report for the Year 1936

This
Year

Last
Year

Co.

1

2

3

4

High
School

6

7

Maternity
and
I Infancy

Tuberculosis
New patients

31
480

847
4,253

570
2,159

42
916

651

41
294

4
50

85
399

124

362

2

149

155
1,047

58
210

1,289
1,110

686

0

4

68

306
816

51
198

7

156

85
644

194
325

304
329
444

1

28

156
732

45
192

3
142

89
689

90
254

499
438
495

16

3

57

87
828

18
96

19
88

25
396

96
487

369
358
579

TO

1
31

11

89

60
409

33
124

1

39

52
223

56
128

761
758
916

46

7

157

95
441

24
93

3
77

33
176

81
130

Home visits

Morbidity
New patients „

58

Home visits

3,141

628
18

Maternity

New patients, A. P

Home visits

2,141
858

108

986

42
214

178
2,255

New patients, P. P..
Home visits

1
51

32
493

34
303

227
248
409

10

Infant Welfare
New patients

Home visits

5,923

609
1,837

5,245
4,840
4,065

01 Q

zio
528
67
978
9,802

182
182

685
796
210

5,941

Pre-School
New patients

Home visits

1,601

3,953
3,012
3,146

1 O s

1,058
58
893
6,940

237
480

1,280
2,381
160

School Hygeine
Children Exam, by Nurse

979
911

817
688
536

45

Home visits

Corrections Made
Teeth.

10

51

Eyes

20
70
651

17

2
71
252

12

4
87
453

24

6

65
310

17

31
177
4,091

3

150
1,568

32

1

185
2,394

37

Nurses visits to Schools-
Dressings done in Schools
Communicable disease
visits

173
83

43

Nurses visits to Clinic

Immunizations
Smallpox

Typhoid- _

Diptheria Toxoid—

COLUMBIA MUNDS, R. N.,
Supervising Nurse.

[ 13 ]

JAMES WALKER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL REPORT
For the Year 1936

Dr. a. H. Elliot, County Health Officer,

Wilmington, N. C.
Dear Sir:

We hand you herewith a report of the charity patients admitted and discharged
for the year 1936:

Number remaining in hospital January 1, 1936 64

Number admitted during 1936 2,771

Total 2,835

Number discharged during 1936 2,773

Number remaining in hospital January 1, 1937 62

Total 2,835

Births (included in admissions) 413 (Inc. 18 S. B.)

Deaths (included in discharges) 194 (Inc. 18 S. B.)

Of these deaths there were:

Institutional _ 104

Within 48 hours 90 (Inc. 18 S. B.)

Charity hospital days for the year 25,946

Included in these days are 2,672 part pay days.

Very truly yours,
JAMES WALKER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL,
Newton Fisher, Superintendent.
By James S. Hall, M. D.

SANITARY INSPECTORS' REPORT
For the Year 1936

INSPECTIONS

City

County

White....
Colored.

Total.

Rural water supplies improved...
Urban water supplies improved..
Rural privies built or improved..
Urban privies built or improved.

New sewers laid.

New sewer connections

Houses condemned

Water samples taken

Quarantines

Court convictions

Miles driven, county inspector.

15,429
15,368

39,797

9
7
71
96
112
76
599
169
1

4,195
2,475

6,670

11

302'
28
50
49

610
80
2

[ 14 ]

PLUMBING INSPECTOR'S REPORT
For the Year 1936

Dr. a. H. Elliot, County Health Officer,

Wilmington, N. C.
Dear Sir:

I hereby submit a report of the inspection of plumbing made by me in New Hanover
County, from January 1, 1936 through December 31, 1936. Number of fixtures in-
spected are as follows:

Jan.

Feb.

March

April

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Toilets

13
13
7
9
4
3

17
11

5
6

37
33
14
24
3

47
38
16
18
1
2

66
65
20
35
2
2

26
30
9
16
2
1

35
33
8
21

38
36
21
21
4
1

51
62
21
28

24
19
21
18
1
1

51
47
41
5

54
45
20
8
5
22

Lavatories

Bath Tubs

Sinks

Showers

Sewers

4

6

4

1

Sewer Stops

Urinals

1

1

1
1
1

Laundry Trays

Slop Hoppers

1

3

2

1

2

4

5

5

Relays

Floor Drains

1

2

2

1

Dental Chairs

Septic Tanks

Fountains

Total Number of Fixtures Inspected 1,397

Trusting that this meets with your approval, I remain.

Yours truly,

R. M. KERMON,
Plumbing Inspector of New Hanover County.

INCINERATOR REPORT
For the Year 1936

Number of loads of trash destroyed 24,478

Number of loads of garbage destroyed 977

Number of animals destroyed 39

Number of bushels of flower bulbs destroyed 675

Average cost per ton refuse destroyed 61 cents

r

[ 15 ]

DRAINAGE SUPERVISOR'S REPORT
For the Year 1936

Dr. a. H. Elliot, County Health Officer,

Wilmington, N. C.
Dear Sir:

I wish to submit the following report of work done for the year beginning April 1 and

ending October 31, 1936:

Number times oiled regular route 13

Number times oiled at Eagle Island 13

Number times oiled at County Home 13

Number times oiled at Red Cross Sanatorium 13

Number times oiled at Winter Park, Seagate, Wrightsville 13

Number times oiled at Boy Scout Camp 9

Number times oiled at Greenfield Lake 13

Number times oiled at Carolina, Wilmington, Kure's Beaches 11

Number times oiled at Dow Chemical Company. 11

Number barrels and tanks oiled at Eagle Island 13 times 144

Number places of discarded automobiles oiled 13 times 6

Number fire barrels nitrocaked - 109

Number tanks nitrocaked at Cement Products Company 40

Number fire barrels oiled 13 times 81

Number sand traps oiled 13 times 1,221

Number gallons No. 4 mosquito oil used 7,291

Number ponds oiled in county 13 times ... , 39

Number inspections made in county _ 747

New ditches dug by W. P. A. labor _ Miles 21

Number ponds drained by W. P. A. labor 63

Ponds drained by W. P. A. labor Acres 360.60

Swamp drained by W. P. A. labor Acres 75.50

Clearing by W. P. A. labor Acres 48.36

Number families visited in county 460

Number people visited in county 2 , 103

Number people with symptoms of malaria 4

Number people with no symptoms of malaria 2 , 099

Number houses screened 363

Number houses not screened 97

Equipment and tools on hand October 31, 1936: 1 Chevrolet truck, 1 trailer, 1 150-
gallon oil drum, 1 110-gallon oil drum, 38 50-gallon oil drums, 1,300 gallons refuse oil,
1 crosscut saw, 1 boat, 6 buckets, 4 fertilizer rakes, 3 mud scoops, 1 club axe, 11 pea rakes >
5 long handle rakes, 3 grass blades, 14 shovels, 16 brush hooks, 3 weed hoes, 2 hay knives,
4 mattocks, 1 crowbar, 1 grab hook, 2 picks, 1 grindstone, 1 funnel, 5 knapsack sprays.

Respectfully submitted,
G. T. MORGAN,

Drainage Supervisor.

16]

TABLE No. 1

MORTALITY STATISTICS FOR CITY OF WILMINGTON AND NEW HANOVER COUNTY FOR THE YEAR 1936

CAUSES OF DEATH

City and County

Last Year

CITY

COUNTY

DEATHS BY AGE

White

Black

Total

White

Black

3
(2

Under 1

5-15

15-25

I

45-65

65-100

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

1. TVphoid tever....

2. Malaria Fever

3. Smallpox

4. Measles...

5. Scarlet Fever.

6. Whooping Cough

7. Diphthena

709
1

2>
2>

699
2'

32

160

137

i""

151
1

140

588
1

2'"
2'
7

1

17
1

3

294
67'
110»
308
36=

2

14'
72

118

3

51"

31

35

28

27

121

85

16

"i""

18

23

i'"

57

145
1

211

154

8. Influenza

9. Dysentery

10. Other Epidemic Diseases

11. Tetanus

12. PeUagra

13. Pulmonary Tuberculosis

14. Other Forms Tuberculosis.

15. S.vphilis .

16. Cancer and Other Malignant Tumors.

17. Cerebral Hemorrhage: „

18. Orgamc Heart Disease.

19. Broncho Pneumonia. —

20. Other Forms Pneumonia...

21. Other Respiratory Diseases „

22. Diseases of Stomach.

23. Diarrheal Diseases

24. .\ppendicitis and Typhilitis

25. Hernia, Intestinal Obstruction..

26. Cirrhosis of Liver

27. Nephritis

28. Diseases of Women (not cancer)

29. Puerperal Septicemia.

30. Other Puerperal Diseases

31. Congenital Debility and Malformation

32. Old Age

33. Suicide

34. Automobile Accidents

35. Other Accidents

36. Homicide.-

37. Diabetes...

38. All Other Causes

Total, Excluding Non-Residents...

Death Rates per 1,000

7

13'
1
1

381

2

6
384
82'
137"
37"
40'

2

2114

72
11-1
3

57'

112

22"

3''
29

1'

5
43
723
1408
368
408

2

23' 8
42
8*
2

585

3

r>

2"

2

9'
12
29"

9'
152

54
2'
42
1

10'

2

2'"
1

9'"
12
292

82
102

42 ■
2'
3'
1
12

7"
1

3

i"

3'
22
24

4

9

5''

1

1

13

3"
..........

1

8'"
21'
28>
9
2'

2

2
3

"ii"

3

4
4
62
42
32

22"

2"

i '

4
11
2'

5S

5'

1

1

1

5

6

3

'W
i

2
4

2

-2jf

3
9

272
78
42

"""v"

6"

2

i '

1

32

10'
1'

1

1
2
4'

42

1"

ii'
i "

1

2

i"""

2
41
1
3

3

i'"

" 23
4

20'
2

U'

2

4
2

Til"

.....
7

.....

248
39
55'

71

91

22"
41
3
18

" 1 "

7
29
541
131

6

~22~

52"

9»

2

2

6

90
378
W

63

11130

595
13.3

2'

88
108
6
51

■ 4811

112

■l23i«

598

13.5

4"
32
8
2'
22
35'4
120

12

22'
64

1
1

i""

4'
1

3'
21s
111
4

32'
128

92

1
278
137

20

3"
32

i" '

1

22
2
1'

■■■'202'
129
7

52

90

2

2

5

96
264
134

68

10328

497
15.7

21

5

i "

i"

6*"
25

1

52
1

26

12

2

26

7

i

-JJ4-

1

84'
98
7.5

2"
2"
56

"""'i'i'

7

2'
11

---
32'

5
2'
1

53
15

2 ■
33

i""
54"

62
22
8'
42

53

3"

91
61
H
134
127

""'2"
38

112

- -

188
188

2~

81
149

Non-residents to be deducted in small numerals.

TABLE No. 2

COMPARATIVE VITAL STATISTICS, CITY OF WILMINGTON

1936

1935

1934

1933

1

1932

1

1931

1930

1929

1928

1927

1926

1925

1924

1923

1922

1921

1920

1919

1918

1917

1916

31,555

31,665

31,775

31,885

31,995

32,160

32,270
890

32,380
829

32,490

32,600

3

,710

32,820

32,930

33,040

33,150

33,260

33,370

32,360

31,844

31,082

30,320

900«5

844"

798"

780

873

799

872

922

1,010

981

997

1,059

1,104

1,012

875

705

70S

7SS

80

713

527

443

100

130

108

120.5

126.8

141.4

184.5

143.0

8

2

4

0

0

0

5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2'

32

0

1

2

3

0

2

0

4

0

48

52

43

21

21

22

19

17

110"

113'

1018

916

79'

74'

100=

112"

108=

82'"

60»

756

706

522

55

48

53

36

72

68

29

668

64"

153

429

526

62*

6I»

58»

7710

58'

69«

60>3

59»

46*

68

SO

44

56

225

58

46

36=

38'

103

30»

366

42*

39s

408

466

322

40'

416

42*

St-'

47

33

25

37

78

34

34

303

147

24

12

10'

55

52

37

51'

503

57

51

60

62

14*

10*

10

3

10

9

52

8'

7»

9

16'

5

10'

7'

7

7

3

16

17

18

39

30

68

50

39

27

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

21

13

1

6

66

28

1

6

23

0

7

0

1

17'

101

1,700

6

31

4

3

784

1,304

25

4

709

1,469

12

17

124

445

75

23'

10

162

32

36

44

37

17

37

40

26

41

33

49

43

2

11

IS

17

150

297

29

341

362

357

28

48

341

270

72

66

460

120

19

192

178

221

107

13

28' 3

5

299

23

29'

536

69'

93i>

43

38

34

20

23

37

52

62

44

15

30

20

1 Population-
Total Live Births.

Total Stillbirths.-

Deaths— .yi .\gcs

Deaths— Under One Ye
Infant Mortality Rate..

DE.4IHS Frou Pkincip.u. Dise.4;

Tj-phoid Fever-_

Smallpox.

Measles

Scarlet Fever... .

Whooping Cough.-

Diphtheria..-

Influeiui

Tuberculosis. Fo.-ms

Organic Heart Disease

Pneumonia, .Ml Forms...

Pneumonia, Lobar and Undefined.

Pneumonia. Broncho

Diarrheaand Enteritis! Under Two Yrs.)

Puerperal 5l

Coimrxic.iBLE Diseases Repoeted:

T\-phoid Fever

Smallpox

I Scarlet Fever. -...-l-ZZIZZl^Z"

Whooping Cough

j Diphtheria. .

to be

TABLE No. 3

CRUDE DEATH RATE PER THOUSAND, CITY OF WILMINGTON
(Non-R€sidents Excluded)

1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
1915.
1916.
1917.
1918.
1919.
1920.
1921.
1922.
1923.
1924.
1925.
1926.
1927.
1928.
1929.
1930.
1931.
1932.
1933.
1934.
1935.
1936.

White

Black

Total

21.0

37.0

28.5

15.2

29.6

22.0

14.1

27.2

20.2

13.3

27.9

20.2

12.5

23.9

17.9

10.7

18.7

14.5

12.4

21.7

16.8

20.4

24.1

22.2

13.0

18.9

16.2

12.5

23.3

16.9

13.6

20.7

16.4

11.3

22.6

15.8

9.1

21.6

13.8

9.2

22.4

14.5

9.9

20.6

14.3

10.3

19.4

14.0

9.2

22.4

14.6

13.2

21.0

16.4

11.8

22.2

16.0

11.8

22.8

16.2

10.0

21.8

14.8

10.5

19.2

14.1

11.1

20.4

14.3

12.3

21.1

15.1

12.1

21.5

16.0

12.4

20.7

15.7

TABLE No. 4
BIRTHS
CITY AND COUNTY
For the Year 1936

White

Black

Total

Grand
Total
M.&F.

M

F

M

F

W

B

W.&B.

CITY

Births (exclusive of stillbirths)

298

260

188

154

558

342

900

Stillbirths

8

8

15

15

16

30

46

COUNTY

Births (exclusive of stillbirths)

11

15

3

4

26

7

33

Stillbirths

1

1

1

White

Black

Total

Birth Rate, City alone...

30.1

26.5

28.5

Birth Rate, County outside City.

2.9

1.7

2.5

Birth Rate, City and County. _._

21.2

20.5

20.9

Total Deaths in City Under One Year of Age to 1,000 Live Births

(Stillbirths and Non-Residents Excluded)

Deaths Under
1 Year

Total Live
Births

Ratio

This Year

57
62

900
844

63.3
80.3

Last Year

TABLE No. 5

INFANT MORTALITY, CITY OF WILMINGTON, 1936

WHITE

COLORED

DEATHS BY AGE

tal 1936

tal 1935

1

1

Female

Total

ess than 1
ne hour

;ss than
ne hour

One hour
to one
day

One day
to one
week

One week
month

One month
to two
months

Two
months

to six
months

Six
months
to twelve
months

H

1

H

1

Wl

0 °

W

c

W

c

W

c

W

c

W

c

W

c

All Causes.-

74

81

5

18

43

19

12

31

6

6

12

4

9

4

3

2

2

4

4

7

7

4

1. Measles

2. Scarlet Fever

3. Whooping-Cough

21

4. Diphtheria.

........

........

5. Influenza

3

1

1

1

6. Dysentery

7. Erysipelas

.......

"T

8. Meningicoccus Meningitis

9. Tetanus

1

10. Tuberculosis, Respiratory.

12. Tuberculosis, Other Forms

3

:::::::

14. Convulsions

.......

15. Bronchitis

f"

"i"

i"

16. Broncho Pneumonia

5

5 '

.......

.......

"s"

3""

2

17. Pneumonia.-.,

21

72

'■"21

■■■■■j-i

"i'l"

18. Diseases of Stomach.

19. Diarrhea and Enteritis

73"

"53

""2

20. Congenital Malformation

3

1

2

2

21. Congenital Debility

31

22. Prematurity.-

3211

211

116

83

199

71

-"(,1

"1^2

"2"

■■■•22 -

"i"

2 "

23. Injury at Birth

61

51

21

72

1

1

1

1

^1

41

24. Other Diseases of Infancy.

........

25. External Causes

2

2

2

"T"

26. Unknown or HI Defined

27. All Other Causes _

Total, Non-Residents Excluded

Total Live Births.-...

101

56
90005

111
62
844"

1

31

14

298

13
260

41
27
558

""""4
18
188

......

11

154

......

29
342

......

5

.........

1

3

"3 "
7

T
4

........

1

'2'

""i "

4

1

7

" Ti"
3

4

Mortality Rates per 1,000

69.4

80.3

Non-residents to be deducted in small numerals.

I

TABLE No. 6

CARE OF MOTHERS AT TIME OF BIRTH OF THEIR CHILDREN, 1936

CITY

COUNTY

WHITE

COLORED

WHITE

COLORED

y Birtl

1

Coui

6

w

T3

(3

>;.

s

irths

irths

1

City

irths

irths

Coun

City

City

LiveB

Stillbir

Total

Live B

Stillbir

Total

Total

LiveB

Stillbir

Total

LiveB

Stillbir

Total

Total

Total

Total

Total

Delivered by physicians in hospitals

Delivered by physicians in homes

533

16

549

95.6

289

25

314

84.4

863

91

2

863

88.0

22

22

3.8

10

2

12

3.2

34

3

5

24

25

92.6

3

3

42.8

28

82.3

62

6.3

Total delivered by physicians _

555

16

571

99.4

299

27

326

87.6

897

94

8

24

1

25

92.6

3

3

42.8

28

82.3

925

94.3

Delivered by midwives.

3

3

.52

43

3

46

12.4

49

5

2

2

2

7.4

4

4

57.1

6

17.6

55

5.6

Unattended

Total Births

'5S8""

16

574

342

30

372

946

26

1

27

7

7

34

980

TABLE No. 7

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES REPORTED DURING YEAR 1936

CITY

COUNTY

TOTAL

vjrranQ

JL Utdi

White

Black

White

Black

City

County

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

TJir\ n f n ATI a

127

126

2

2

8

12

2

12

2813

34

6213

Chickenpox.

32

36

2

10

35

39

1

1

80

76

156

Scarlet Fever

6

161

1

3

5

231

8

311

Typhoid Fever

21

11

2

1

1

1

52

3

82

Typhus Fever

31

21

31

21

52

Malaria

1

1

2

2

Meningitis

11

22

9

4

1

163

1

173

Infantile Paralysis

Pellagra

1

7

4

4

4

1

12

9

21

Pneumonia

1

1

1

Ophthalmia

Neonatorum

1

1

1

Whooping-Cough

7

1

6

3

1

17

1

18

8

8

10

22

21

11

3

5

48

112

592

Influenza

1

3

6

12

1

22

1

23

Measles

1

1

1

German Measles

2

3

5

5

Undulant Fever

1

1

2

2

Gonorrhea

21

8

73

66

5

1

11

9

168

26

194

S3T)hilis

11

12

99

171

2

4

15

21

293

42

335

Chancroid

5

31

10

2

1

46

3

49

Non-residents in small numerals.

TABLE No. 8

MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES FOR PAST TWENTY-THREE YEARS
In Five and One Year Periods
(Pei; 1,000 Live Births)
Wilmington and New Hanover County

LIVE BIRTHS

STILLBIRTHS

Grand

Total

Total

Total

White

Rate

Colored

Rate

Live

White

Colored

stm-

Births

Births

1914-1918

2,426

13.6

2,229

12.1

4,655

119

383

502

5,157

1919-1923

3,587

11.1

2,455

14.2

6,042

102

279

381

6,423

1924-1928

3,342

8.9

2,232

15.6

5,574

93

194

287

5,861

1929-1933

2,813

9.5

1,831

21.8

4,644

112

183

295

4,939

TOTAL

12,168

10.6

8,747

15.6

20,915

426

1,039

1,465

22,380

Total Rate Over 20 Vear P^rinH-

12.7

1934

50335

4.2

3437

11.9

84642

Total Rate 1934

7.4

1935

52763

6.4

3659

8.4

89272

17

36

53

Total Rate 1935

7.3

1936

58482

3.9

34913

11.9

93395

17

30

47

Total Rate 1Q36

7.2

CAUSES OF MATERNAL DEATHS FOR PAST TWENTY YEARS

Eclampsia

Septic Infection

Hemorrhage

All Other Causes

Total

White

Colored

White

Colored

White

Colored

White

Colored

1914-1918

17

13

4

5

3

3

9

6

60

1919-1923

17

14

5

6

6

2

12

13

75

1924-1928

12

11

2

13

3

3

13

8

65

1929-1933

8

14

6

10

2

4

11

12

67

TOTAL

54

52

17

34

14

12

45

39

267

1934

11

1

11

32

11

1

2

32

137

1935

31

11

31

21

1

10*

1936

21

21

22

3

11

43

148

Non-residents in small numerals.

Fig. No . 3

Typhoid Feve

^ Death Rate, City of

[Per Hundred Thousand)

1/lLMINGTON

—

City of Wilmington --
!J. S. Registration Ari

-A

1 ~\

i i 1 1

! t i !

1 i I !

\ \ \ '

! ! i 1

! 1 1 i ! i 1 r ! i

\ Entero Coi

Fig. No. 4

IT IS Death Rat

City of WilmIngton

(Per Hundred 1

housand)

Mil

Mil

i i 1 1 1 ! i 1 i t 1 1 I

1910

1915

1920

1925

1930

jFiG. No- 5

livlALARiA Death ffiATE, City of ft

(Per Hundred

1936 1910

Thousand)

n-TT—r-r\ i ! i i i fl i i il n

1915

1920

1925

1930

1936

369!
320
280
240

200

160

120
0

160
140

120

Fig. No. 6

Organic Heart
City of" WiLvUn

)EATH Rate,

3T0N

/

V

(Per

Hundred Thousan

^) / " ■

/ :

/

/

\
\

.; , ., /„

— /

\/

/ ■\
/ \
\

"V—r-J-

\/-

—i V-

/ \ /

■ /

' i ! :

! I ! 1

1^6

1916/;

1920

1925

1930

1 — 1

■, Infan

Fig. No. 7
r iVbRTALiTY Rati

\ ^'

rV OF '/lllLM»NGTOt

I \

\

60

1915 1920

1925

1- -T
1930

T9^6

Fig. Ho. 8

Seasonal
Mew Hanover

Incidence of Deaths 1925 to 1936
:)ounty Including Cjty of '<Vilmington

Rates Per

Thous

AND

1

i

^ i y

\

Jan

1 Feb 1 iviAR i Apr

Y j June j July \ Aug 1 Sept ! Oct \ Nov j Dec

900-

750

600

300

150

0

rt

; \ dege

Fig. No. 9I

ierative and Acute

Infectious Diseas

E Death Hhtes

' — \ —

;■■ \

New Hanover Jount
City of VJiLiuit^GTO

i Includinq''' ''•.^

/ ;

/'

"Degenerat I VE
Acute Infect 10

)S

/"\,

1 j !

i i i !

1916

1920

192^

1930

Fig. No. 10

Diphtheria Death Rates mND Case Rates (Per Hundred Thousand)
City of Wilmington

Death Rate |S
Case Rate l

1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 mC 1927 1926 1929 19301931 1932 1933 1934 193^-' 1936

Im thf PRFP-RATION of these graphs, «LL death CERTfFlCATES F1 tED 1 N -THE COONTY, EXCEPT STILLBIRTHS AND NON-RESIDENTS, WERE USED
l-HE pLmON OF THE STRAIGHT LINE AND THE YEARLY AVERAGE GAIN WERE DETERMINED BY THE METHOD OF LF.AST SQUARES.

1922

1925

1930

1936 1922

192^

1930-

18.5
17-0
15.5

14-. 0
12.5
11.0

8.0

Fig- No. 16

WIaternau Death Rate, All Cai
New Hanove^r County itsiCLUD!NC

SES (Per 1000 Live Births)
City of Wilmington

\

\

\

1 1 1 1 i

^—L—i — J — ' ' — 1

r — i r i i T—

1 '.!,._ 1 .

1 1 i i

i, i 1 \

-i !■ ■ T r- -

1 ill "

L u — ! L__^

1 1
1 1

1914

14-

1920

1925

1930

1936

Fig. No. 1?

Maternal Death Rates, All Cau
New HaimOver County Including i

3E8 Other Than Eclampsia and S
;iTY OF Wilmington (Per 1000

;PTIC INFECTION;

tvE Births)

11/hite —

\

.

Black — —
Total

/ ^ •

1 .1 1 1 1

, f • 1 ... 1 i ,

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 i

1914

1920

1925

1930

1936

1914

1914-

Fig. No. 20

nv'i :ases of syphilis and gonorrhea

Ca.lPARED 'VITH
OTHER CO IIUIJIJttBLE DISEASES
IN

NEW HANOVER JOUNTY INCLUDING OITY vF VIL.ilNGTON
1936

Consolidated Board of Health

WILMINGTON AND NEW HANOVER COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA

ADDISON HEWLETT, Chairman
Chairman, Board County Commissioners

H. M. ROLAND, WALTER H. BLAIR,

Superintendent Public Instruction Mayor, City of Wilmington

W. HOUSTON MOORE, M. D. J. C. WESSELL, M. D.

H. L. KEITH, D. D. S.

OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND AFFILIATES

A. H. Elliot, M. D Health Officer

G. R. Carpenter, M. D Assistant Health Officer and County Physician

R. P. Huffman, D, V. M - Food and Dairy Inspector

L. L Lassiter Sanitary Engineer

J. B. Edwards Assistant Food and Dairy Inspector

Mrs. Lamont Smith Secretary

Mrs. Sara Cant well Laboratory Technician

R. M. Kermon Plumbing Inspector

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES '

Miss Columbia Munds _ Supervisor

Paid by Ministering Circle King's Daughters

Mrs. Addie Peiffer _ District No. 1

Paid by Ministering Circle King's Daughters

Miss Georgia Ezzell County Nurse

Paid by Board of Health

Miss Zou Mercer _ District No. 4

Paid by Wilmington Chapter Red Cross and by Wilmington
Public Health Nursing Association

Mrs. Margaret Nixon District No. 3

Paid by Wilmington Public Health Nursing Association

Mrs. Jeannette Hall _ County Nurse

Paid by Board of Health

Miss Dorothy Bland District No. 2

Paid by Board of Health

Leonora Hargrave.... District No. 6

Paid by Board of Health

Clifford Richardson District No. 7

Paid by Board of Health

SANITARY INSPECTORS

W. H. Hancammon H. W. Hunter

F. P. Blanchard Porter Wagstaff

W. C. Haas
CD. Rivenbark, Superintendent Incinerator

White

Colored
4,077
12,872
16,944

Total

Population Rural New Hanover County 8,906

Population City of Wilmington 18,678

Total population City and County. 27,581

Annual appropriation to Health Department

.$42,321.95
. 2,500.00

12,990
31,555
44,546

Appropriation to New Hanover County Mosquito Commission.
Expeditures of Wilmington Public Health Nursing Association

(Contributions).

5,465.03

Total OflScial Agencies

.$50,286.98

Expense of trash, garbage, and scavenging collections is not included in health appro-

Wilmington's milk supply comes entirely from tuberculin tested cows.
Wilmington has seventy-one miles of sewer mains.

Wilmington has a modern and efficient incinerating plant for the destruction of all gar-
bage and refuse.

Wilmington is better drained than any southern coastal city.

Wilmington capital has supplied modern and up-to-date equipment for pasteurization
of milk, and cold storage of meats and perishable foods.

WILMINGTON SUPPLIES ITS CITZENS WITH SAFE AND WHOLESOME

New Hanover County has supplied every school, white and colored, with sanitary toilets.

priations.

WATER.