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Full text of "Our Quaker Friends of ye olden time; being in part a transcript of the minute books of Cedar Creek meeting, Hanover County, and the South River meeting, Campbell County, Va"

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OUR 

Quaker  Friends 

OF   YE   OLDEN    TIME 


BEING    IN  PART  A  TRANSCRIPT  OF  THE  MINUTE    BOOKS    OF 

CEDAR  CREEK  MEETING,   HANOVER  COUNTY, 

AND  THE  SOUTH    RIVER   MEETING, 

CAMPBELL  COUNTY,  VA. 


J.  P.  BELL  COMPANY,  Publishers, 
LYNCHBURG,  VIRGINIA. 

1905 


\ 


I  JUL   19    lyub 
i      /7^2  o  O  G 


Copyright,   1905,       ^ 
JAMES  PINKNEY  BELL. 


PUBLISHER'S  NOTICE. 


My  maternal  ancestors,  the  TeiTell  family,  were  Quakers,  and 
sometimes  in  mj  early  childliood  I  attended  their  meetings  for 
worship,  held  in  the  old  Meetinghouse  at  Golansville,  in  Caroline 
County,  Va.,  and  still  retaining  a  love  for  tliese  good  people, 
I  have  for  some  time  past  contemplated  publishing  a  book  giv- 
ing an  account  of  their  religious  belief,  and  manner  of  conduct- 
ing their  meetings. 

Through  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  in  Richmond, 
Va.,  I  have  obtained  extracts  from  some  of  their  old  Min- 
ute books,  which  I  hope  will  be  of  interest  to  my  readers ;  I  also 
make  extracts  from  The  Southern  Friend  (a  religious  journal 
published  in  Richmond  during  the  Civil  War). 

"Southern  Heroes,"  a  book  published  since  the  war,  setting 
forth  the  stand  taken  by  Friends,  who  would  endure  persecution 
rather  than  go  forth  to  slay  their  fellow  man. 

I  also  have  a  little  tract  issued  by  the  New  York  Yearly  Meet- 
ing, entitled:  "A  Brief  View  of  the  Doctrines  of  Friends," 
which  I  shall  use. 

The  Quakers  have  done  much  for  the  Christian  world  in 
preaching  that  the  baptism  of  the  Holy  Spirit  is  essential  to 
salvation,  and  that  at  all  times,  and  under  all  circumstances, 
they  should  seek  to  be  guided  by  the  Holy  Spirit ;  hence,  when 
they  assemble  for  worship,  they  wait  in  silence  before  the  Lord 
until  they  shall  feel  that  he  has  given  them  a  message  to  deliver 
to  the  people.  It  was  this  belief  in  the  giiidance  of  the  Holy 
Spirit  and  this  silent  waiting  before  the  Lord  that  gave  rise 
to  the  saying  that  the  "Quakers  are  waiting  for  the  Spirit  to 
move  them." 

There  is  a  depth  of  meaning  to  this  waiting  before  the  Lord 
that  only  the  true  spiritually  minded  can  comprehend.  True  wor- 
ship is  the  communion  of  the  soul  with  its  Maker. 


Iv  publisher's  notice. 

"Friends"  have  done  niueli  for  the  bettering  of  the  world  in 
liberating  their  slaves  and  in  aiding  in  every  way  possible  the  abol- 
ition of  slavery.  Also  their  faithful  testimony  against  Oaths 
has  made  the  Courts  accept  the  "Affirmation"  as  binding  the  same 
as  the  oath,  and  all  who  have  conscientious  scruples  against  taking 
an  oath  can  take  the  "affirmation." 

My  readers  will  be  interested  in  reading  over  the  "Marriage 
Certificates"  to  see  that  the  Quakers  really  marry  themselves, 
or  as  they  say,  "take  each  other  in  marriage."  First,  consent 
of  the  parents  or  guardians  must  be  obtained ;  then  the  consent 
of  the  Meeting.  In  olden  times  the  man  and  woman  had  to  go 
before  the  men's  meeting,  and  then  before  the  women's  (Month- 
ly Meeting)  and  "declare  their  intentions,"  as  it  was  called.  But 
now  they  send  in  their  "intentions"  in  writing,  and  the  Monthly 
Meeting  appoints  a  committee  to  visit  them,  and  ascertain 
whether  they  are  free  from  any  other  engagements  and  have 
full  consent  of  parents  or  guardians.  "No  obstruction  appearing," 
they  can  be  married  as  soon  as  they  may  desire,  after  the  favor- 
able report  of  tlie  committee. 

The  Monthly  Meeting  that  accepts  the  report  of  the  Com- 
mittee appoints  another  Committee  to  attend  the  mai-riage,  to 
see  that  it  is  conducted  in  the  proper  manner,  and  report  to  the 
next  Monthly  Meeting. 

In  reading  tlie  Disownments,  you  will  discover  tliat  most 
of  them  were  for  "marrying  out,"  that  was,  marrying  one  of 
another  demonination,  or  being  married  by  an  "hireling  priest," 
as  the  ministers  of  otlier  churches  were  called.  The  Quakers 
began  after  a  while  to  see  that  this  was  a  serious  loss  to  the 
Church,  and  now  they  are  allowed  to  marry  tJiose  of  other 
churches,  if  they  are  married  by  "Friends'  Ceremony." 

The  members  are  still  dealt  with  and  disowned  for  drunk- 
eness,  immorality,  or  for  engaging  in  clandestine  trade,  and  are 
advised  against  hazardous  or  speculative  trade,  or  engaging  in 
any  business  beyond  their  ability  to  manage. 

The  reader  Avill  also  notice  that  before  granting  a  Certificate 
of  Removal,  the  Monthly  Meeting  saw  to  it  that  the  business 
affairs  of  the  applicant  were  properly  adjusted  and  settled  before 


\ 
\ 


PUBLISHEE'S   NOTICE.  V 

the  certificate  was  granted,  that  their  business  affairs  should  not 
bring  discredit  upon  the  Meeting. 

The  Friends  not  only  liberated  their  own  slaves,  but  also  used 
every  effort  for  the  abolition  of  slavery.  They  did  not  allow 
their  members  to  hire  a  slave,  or  take  the  position  of  overseer 
of  slaves.  The  Quakers  in  North  Carolina  and  A^irginia  were 
at  one  time  a  large  body,  but  the  bitter  feeling  against  them, 
because  of  their  anti-slaveiy  views  caused  them  to  seek  homes 
in  the  free  States,  and  soon  many  of  the  meetings  were  so  de- 
pleted that  they  had  to  be  ^'laid  down."  Doubtless  many  of 
my  readers  in  the  Western  States  will  say,  as  they  read  these 
pages,  "Yes,  my  ancestors  came  from  Virginia.'' 

*J.  P.  BELL, 
Of  J.  P.  Bell  Company, 

Lynchburg,  Va. 

♦  Quaker  name :  James  Pinkney  Pleasant  Bell. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Births  and  Deaths 3-47 

Marriages 51-106 

Removals 109-141 

DiSOWNMENTS 145-157 

Confession  and  Condemnation   .....  161-166 
Appendix  : 

I.     Historical  Sketch 171-239 

II.     Doctrines  Held  by  Society  of  Friends     .          .  240-248 

III.  Declaration  of  Faith 249-251 

IV.  Prominent  Families 252-262 

V.     Colonial  Church 263 

One  Hundred  Years  Ago— (A  Poem)     .          .  264-265 

VI.     The  Diary  of  John  B.  Crenshaw       .          .         .  266-277 

Index 279-287 


BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS 


A  EECOED  OF  BIETHS  AND  DEATHS  AMONGST  FRIENDS 

TAKEN  FROM  THE  OLD  RECORD  BOOK  OF 

CEDAR  CREEK  MEETING,  HANOVER 

COUNTY,  VIRGINIA. 


Children  of  Richard  and  Ann  Bloxsom  of  Louisa  County. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Sarah   12-14-1764 

William    8-24-1766 

Richard    12-18-1767 

Obadiah   4-10-1770 

Gregory    10-17-1771 

Gideon   9-17-1772 

Ann    11-  7-1774 

Mary' 9-  7-1776 

Elizabeth    11-17-1779 

Children  of  William  and  Mary  Ballard. 

Thomas    11-12-1735 

Frances    12-12-1737 

Byrmn   2-27-1740 

Delphin    1-  5-1742 

Moorman 3-16-1747 

David   4-  9-1750 

Children  of  George  and  Cicely  Bell  of  Louisa  County. 

Robert    2-15-1764 

George    7-13-1767 

Nathan    4-  5-1769 

Ashley    12-  2-1770 

Anthony    7-22-1773 

Pleasant    12-21-1777 

Children  of  Benjamin  and  Tace  Bates  of  Hanover  County. 

Lucy    5-  6-1795 

Micajah    6-12-1797 

Martha 3-17-1800 


4  BliiTHS  AND  DEATHS. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Tace  Crew 10-11-1803 

William  Savery   4-  7-1806 

Fleming    .  . . .' 3-  1-1808 

Children  of  Fleming  and  TJnity  Bates  of  Hanover  County. 

Benjamin  Spence  8-l-i-180-4 

Margaret    3-12-1806 

Deborah    7-24-1807 

Lemuel    11-  ^-1808 

Unity    3-  6-1810 

Hannah    6-15-1811 

Fleming    10-25-1812 

Edward    5-11-1814 

Children  of  Philip  and  Susana  Brooks  of  Hanover  County. 

(from  Culpeper). 

Sarah   11-22-1802 

Children  of  Menoah  and  Anne  Chiles  of  Caroline  County. 

John    5-  3-1747 

Anne    9-  6-1750 

Henrv    5-11-1752 

Patty    3-  9-1757 

Samuel    12-12-1759 

Children  of  Joseph  and  Agnes  Crew  of  Hanover  County. 

Armisbv   8-31-1745 

Mary    1-26-1749 

Micajali  Crew   7-22-1750 

Nicholas    3-26-1752 

Agatha    3-19-1753 

Snkey    7-16-1754 

Josepli ~ 

Children  of  Thomas  and  Judith  Cheadle  of  Caroline  County. 

Mollv    8-13-1748 

John    8-27-1749 

Geor<ro        10-19-1750 

Thomas    10"  ^-1753 


BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS.  O 

Children  of  Micajah  and  Judith  Clark  of  Louisa  County. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Christopher 3-20-1737 

Eobert    6-15-1738 

Mourning    6-  6-1740 

Micajah  ^ 12-27-1741 

Jolin 10-26-1743 

Edward    10-12-1745 

Children  of  Boling  and  Winifred  Clarke  of  Louisa  County. 

Christopher    2-29-1743 

Elizabeth   11-12-1744 

Children  of  Frances  and  Christianna  Clarke. 

MoUey    9-17-1747 

Betty    11-22-1748 

NichoLas    2-  6-1750 

Francis   2-  7-1753 

Children  of  John  and  Anne  Clarke. 

Thomas    7-30-1746 

Francis 8-  5-1748 

John    11-  3-1750 

Children  of  James  and  Judith  Crew  of  Hanover  County. 

Unity   8-31-1760 

Littleberry 12-18-1762 

Jesse    1-18-1765 

Obadidi    3-31-1767 

Sarah 7-16-1769 

Judith    2-  1-1772 

James    1-  5-1774 

Dorothy    6-27-1776 

Benjamin    5-21-1779 

Mary   7-20-1781 

Children  of  Micajah  and  Margaret  Crew. 

Tace   8-30-1776 

Lemuel 8-  5-1778 


6  BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Unity    9-25-1780 

Walter    12-28-1784 

Talitha 2-10-1788 

Margaret    5-31-1790 

Susanna    10-15-1792 

Deborah  D 11-25-1794 

Children  of  Pleasant  and  Amy  Cobb  of  Caroline  County. 

Thomas    4-21-1786 

Eebecca    10-20-1787 

Mary   3-18-1789 

Rhoda    9-30-1790 

Abigal    3-28-1792 

Elizabeth    11-19-1793 

Pleasant    12-13-1795 

Joseph    6-21-1797 

Ansehn    4-16-1799 

Joanna   6-17-1803 

Eobert    2-16-1806 

Children  of  Samuel  and  Ann  Couch  of  Goochland  County. 

Daniel    

Ann  Wolston 

Margaret    

James    — — 

Deborah    

Eebecca    2-26-1796 

Mary  Younghusband   

Children  of  Littlebury  and  Huldah  Crew  of  Hanover  County. 

James    9-22-1798 

Benjamin 11-16-1799 

John 4-30-1801 

Milley    9-21-1802 

Children  of  James  and  Charlotte  Cowgill  of  Hanover  Co.  (Culpeper) 

Rachel    18-18-1794 

Abigal   10-16-1796 


BIETHS  AND  DEATHS.  7 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

John    8-31-1798 

James    5-24-1801 

Children  of  Jesse  and  Peggy  Crew  of  Hanover  County. 

Lancelot 8-19-1807 

EHzabeth  Ladd 9-39-1808 

Judith    10-15-1809 

Owen  Milton 6-29-1811 

Obadiah   11-  5-181-3 

Children  of  Walter  and  Sarah  Bacon  Crew  of  Hanover  County. 

Jane    Temperance    1-17-1821 

Margaret  Talitha   8-31-1822 

Mary  Rice   9-34-1834 

William  Rice   13-12-1826 

Sarah  Bacon  4-  1-1828 

Susan  Unity   3-27-1830 

Walter  Fleming    1-14-1833 

Deborah  Tace   9-14-1833 

Micajah  Lemuel   6-13-1835 

Samuel  Izard    10-16-1837 

Ann  Eliza   13-16-1839 

Martha  Louis    H-  9-1841 

Lucy  Bell 8-18-1844 

Nathaniel  Edmond   8-10-1848 

Children  of  Nathaniel  C.  and  Deborah  D.  Crew  Crenshaw. 
John  Bacon   5-  2-1820 

Children  of  Nathaniel  C.  and  Mary  Y.  Crenshaw. 

Edmund  Austin 3-  4-1827 

Children  of  Nathaniel  C.  and  Jane  Denson  Pretlow  Crenshaw. 

Elizabeth  Ann   5-21-1830 

Mary   Jane    7-  5-1833 


O  BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS. 

Children  of  John  Bacon  and  Rachel  Hoge  Crenshaw. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year, 

Nathaniel   Bacon    12-18-1845 

Deborah  Ann 5-18-1848 

Margaret  Elizabeth    6-22-1849 

James  Hoge    12-23-1851 

Eliza  Catharine    11-22-1853 

Eachel  Frances    10-20-1855 

John  Austin   5-16-1857 

John  Chapman   7-30-1858 

Children  of  John  Bacon  and  Judith  Willets  Crenshaw. 

Willetts  Bassett    12-16-1861 

Mary  Frances   11-  9-1863 

Jndith  Isabella  7-10-1865 

Edmimd  Bacon   5-27-1869 

Walter  Crew   8-17-1870 

Sarah  Willetts    2-17-1872 

Children  of  Alfred  and  Hannah  Cranstone. 

Charles    4-  1-1853 

Alfred  Henry   3-12-1855 

William    3-  4-1859 

Children  of  James  Hoge  and  Belle  Pleasants  Crenshaw. 

James  H.,  Jr 2-  8-1880 

William  Pleasants    3-11-1881 

Eachel    3-25-1882 

Henry   Pleasants 4-29-1884 

Walter  Crew   6-11-1887 

Joseph  Pleasants    11-  2-1890 

Children  of  John  and  Judith  Douglas. 

Charles 4-29-1732 

Elizabeth    12-18-1733 

Thomas    9-  2-1740 

Polly   6-12-1744 

Judith    7-18-1746 

John    8-  8-1748 


BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS.  9 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Anne   2-10-1750 

Achillis   2-22-1753 

Dorcas    1-  9-1755 

Children  of  David  and  Mary  Garland. 
Elizabeth   9-10-17^5 

Children  of  Daniel  and  Mary  Harris  of  Hanover  County. 

John 1-11-1731 

Edith    12-20-1733 

Cornelius   11-11-1735 

Moses   3-31-1738 

Mary    10-20-1740 

Daniel    — ■ 

Nicholas    — 

Thomas    

Children  of  Samuel  and  Martha  Hargrave  of  Caroline  County. 

Jesse    7-  8-1752 

Samuel    9-  9-1754 

Elizabeth   12-28-1756 

Mary   3-  7-1759 

Martha    8-10-17G1 

Sarah    10-15-1763 

Thomas    1-31-1766 

John    8-21-1768 

Children  of  Moses  and  Elizabeth  Harris. 
Sarah   11-11-1762 

Children  of  Moses  and  Sophia  Harris. 

WiUiam  Eley   12-  3-1768 

Sally  and  Priscilla 4-27-1772 

Children  of  Henry  Philip  and  Mary  Hart. 

James  Philips    6-20-1741 

WilHam    2-13-1743 

John    3-18-1745 


10  BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Joseph    12-  3-1743 

Elizabeth   2-  3-1751 

Children  of  Jeremiah  and  Ann  Harris,  Cedar  Creek,  Hanover. 

Sally    6-  7-1767 

John 8-11-1769 

Lucy    3-15-1772 

Cheadle    6-  9-1774 

Elizabeth    11-22-1779 

Children  of  John  and  Alice  Hutchins  of  Goochland  County. 

Jonathan    2-28-1763 

Agatha    1-21-1764 

Susanna   1-15-1769 

Mary    1-20-1771 

Elizabeth   1-12-1772 

Thomas    11-23-1774 

Strangeman    9-15-1776 

William    8-14-1778 

Patrick    3-10-1781 

Children  of  Joseph  and  Rachel  Hargrave  of  Caroline  County. 

Garland    1-30-1793 

Lucy    2-  3-1797 

Children  of  Thomas  and  Chlotilda  Harris  of  Hanover  County. 

Deborah 12-17-1787 

Rebecca    9-24-1790 

Benjamin    2-24-1794 

Isabella   4-  2-1803 

Sarah  Ann 1-15-1809 

Children  of  Samuel  and  Lucy  Har grave  of  Caroline  County. 
Salley    3-12-1784 

Children  of  Benjamin  and  Sarah  Harris  of  Caroline  County. 
Thomas    3-17-1760 


BIETHS  AND  DEATHS.  11 

Children  of  James  and  Rebecca  Hunnicutt  of  Goochland  County. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

John  Murdaugh 12-16-1773 

Ann    9-  6-1775 

Miriam  Murdaugh  9-21-1777 

James    2-12-1780 

Thomas  Pretlow 9-  5-1782 

Children  of  Thomas  and  Unity  Harris  of  Hanover  County. 

Benjamin    ' 2-10-1806 

Children  of  Benjamin  and  Mary  Johnson. 

Thomas    11-14-1749 

John 1-14-1751 

Andrew    4-  7-1754 

William    8-12-1756 

Children  of  Ashley  and  Agatha  Johnson  of  Amelia  County. 

John    12-19-1747 

Children  of  Ashley  and  Mary  Johnson  of  Amelia  County. 

Elizabeth    5-14-1753 

Mary    12-18-1753 

Jane   5-29-1755 

Gerard    1-36  1757 

Benjamin 7-10-175S 

Drusilla   4-26-1761 

Anne 1-15-1763 

Ashley    5-  4-1766 

Edith    9-11-1769 

Thomas  Watkins    11-23-1771 

Children  of  Jesse  and  Elizabeth  Johnson  of  Amelia  County. 

Benjamin    10-21-1752 

John    1-31-1754 

Jesse    9-7-1755 

William    5-  8-1757 

Sarah    4-10-1759 

Thomas    12-  1-1760 


12  BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Elizabeth    9-  7-17G3 

Jane   4-19-17G6 

Agatha  10-  8-1768 

Watkins    4-15-1770 

Children  of  William  and  Agatha  Johnson  of  Amelia  County. 

Milley    3-12-176G 

Elizabeth   10-24-1768 

Zachariah    1-27-1770 

WiDiam    7-28-1771 

Rachel    11-30-1774 

Charles    3-  4-1777 

Pleasants    8-12-1780 

Thomas 4-14-1783 

Christopher    5-24-1785 

Moornican   .* 6-26-1787 

Children  of  John  and  Lydia  Johnson  of  Amelia  County. 

Judith    8-13-1755 

Susanna    3-28-1757 

James 8-27-1758 

Samuel    2-18-1761 

Joseph    10-  1-1763 

John 2-  5-1766 

Thomas    12-29-1769 

Lydia   1-29-1779 

Children  of  Gerard  and  Judith  Johnson. 

Jane   5-30-1762 

Elizabeth   12 1763 

Benjamin 10-21-1765 

Judith    • 11-11-1767 

Gerard 6-  4-1769 

John  Watkins 3-  5-1771 

David   9-30-1772 

Elizabeth 12-  3-1774 

Samuel    —16-1776 


BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS.  13 

Children  of  John  and  Lydia  Johnson. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Jonathan   .• 3-13-1771 

Strangeman 9-28-1772 

Benjamin    3-26-1774 

Agatha    11-21-1776 

Ashly    1-15-1780 

Children  of  Rohert  and  Sarah  Johnson  of  Louisa  County. 

Margaret    8-  5-1752 

Children  of  Benjamin  and  Agnes  Johnson  of  Louisa  County. 

Sarah   .  .' 1-30-1729 

Christopher   11-22-1731 

William    4-25-1734 

Benjamin    8-24-1736 

Penelope    2-27-1739 

Collins    6-28-1741 

Edward   2-23-1744 

Agnes    12-11-1746 

Children  of  Elijah  and  Betsy  Johnson  of  Louisa  County. 

Thomas  Garland 4-22-1794 

James    1-12-1796 

Sally    6-26-1797 

Patsey  2-16-1801 

Children  of  John  and  Dorothy  Johnson  of  Hanover. 

Benjamin    12-15-1797 

Sarah   10-27-1799 

Penelope   2-13-1802 

Judith    5-  9-1804 

James  and  Deborah 5-28-1807 

Deborah   11-  8-1809 

Unity  and  Mary 4-11-1811 

Children  of  Catlett  and  Sarah  Jones. 

Ann    4-  8-1804 

Benjamin 4-20-1805 


14  BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS. 

Children  of  Thomas  and  Rachel  Moorman  of  Louisa  County. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Mary   ' 12-19-1730 

Zachariah 2-  2-1732 

Micajah    6-28-173.5 

Elizabeth    2-  2-1738 

Thomas    6-  6-1740 

Mildred    11-25-1742 

Pleasant 3-19-1745 

Children  of  Charles  and  Mary  Moorman  of  Louisa  County. 

Elizabeth    2-  9-1738 

Lucy    2-20-1741 

Aggy    2-26-1743 

Charles    6-28-1746 

Judith    6-26-1748 

Molley    9-25-1751 

Eobert    11-16-1753 

Thomas    11-25-1756 

Children  of  John  Wilson  and  Mildred  Maddox  of  Hanover  County. 

Thomas    4-  2-1775 

John    1-16-1777 

William  Griffin 3-  9-1779 

Wilson    4-  9-1781 

Children  of  William  Griffin  and  Mary  Maddox  of  Hanover  County. 

Edwin  Milton  7-21-1810 

William   Garland 6-  1-1812 

Maria  Ann 5-10-1815 

Children  of  Thomas  and  Jane  Maddox  of  Caroline  County. 

Eliza    4-  2-1811 

Wilson    7-24-1813 

Children  of  John  and  Sarah  Peatross  of  Caroline  County. 

Mary   1-11-1776 

Amey    1-22-1778 

Anna    4-  5-1780 


BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS.  15 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Ehoda    6-27-1784 

Elizabeth    2-  9-1790 

Nelson    4-25-1792 

Children  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  Parsons,  Bellville,  Goochland  County. 

Samuel  Pleasants    9-  5-1783 

Margaret  P ll-25-178(i 

Children  of  Thomas  Snowden  and  Elizabeth  Tucker  Pleasants, 
Elizabeth   Snowden    1-20-1792 

Children  of  William  Henry  and  Mary  Pleasants  of  Goochland 

County. 

Thomas  Snowden    11-29-1796 

Joseph  Jordan    1-19-1799 

Children  of  Joseph  Jordan  and  Martha  Bates  Pleasants  of  Hanover. 

Benjamin  Bates    7-23-1820 

Mary  Snowden   8-3-1824 

William  Henry 5-16-1827 

George  Dillwyn    - 10-  7-1830 

Ann  Josephine   8-16-1833 

Margaret  Isabella    6-26-1836 

Walter  Frederick   6-16-1839 

Julia  and  Maria 6-30-1842 

Children  of  William  Henry  and  Eliza  J.  Pleasants  of  Richmond. 

Lydia  Ahce 3-26-1853 

Heney  Abijah    9-15-1854 

Martha  ,  Isabella   2-26-1859 

Asa  Janney   11-27-1869 

Children  of  William  and  Elizabeth  Ratcliffe. 

Mary 3-25-1760 

Harrison    3-11-1762 

William    1-14-1764 

John 11-11-1766 

Gideon    5-21-1769 


IG  BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS. 

Children  of  Alfred  and  Mary  Terrell  Ricks  of  Southampton  County. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Julia  W 

EHzabeth  H ■ — — 

Richard  A — ■ — - — - — • 

Mary  Winston    — 

Walter  A   

Deborah    

Samuella   T 

Julia  W  married  Bowling  H.  Winston,  of  Indiana.    ISTo  children. 

Elizabeth  H.  married  Oswin  ^Vllite,  of  North  Carolina. 

Alfred  R.  White,  son  of  Elizabeth  H.  and  Oswin  White. 

Walter  A.,  never  married. 

Deborah  married  John  Pretlow,  of  Southampton  County.  No 
children. 

Ella  T.  married  John  C.  Winston.       No  children. 

Children  of  Richard  A.  and  Eliza  Crenshaw  Ricks. 

*Julian  W 3-11-1882 

Katharine  C 6-20-1883 

Richard  A.,  Jr 6-10-1885 

James  Hoge   7-15-1886 

Children  of  Mary  W.  Ricks  and  Samuel  B.  Pretlow. 

Mary    Terrell    — 

Fannie   M 

Julia    — 

Jane  D 

Children  of  Thomas  Stanley  by  his  first  Wife. 

Maddox    8-17-1715 

Elizabeth    3-29-1718 

Children  by  Elizabeth  his  second  Wife. 

Margery    8-1-1722 

Mary 6-  5-1729 

Thomas    2-  9-1731 

Pleasant 4-25-1733 

.John    1-27-1735 

*  Died  6-2U-1882. 


BIETHS  AND  DEATHS.  17 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Zachariah    10-  6-1737 

Sarah   1-  6-1739 

Anne    6-  7-1741 

Nathan    1-  7-1743 

Joseph    10-21-1747 

Children  of  James  and  Catharine  Stanley  of  Hanover  County. 

William    6-  4-1739 

James    3-26-1731 

Mary 6-27-1733 

Martha    3-21-1736 

Micajah    4-28-1739 

Agnes 6-20-1743 

Strangeman 11-  7-1745 

Elijah    10-  7-1750 

Children  of  Huldah  and  Maddox  Stanley  of  Hanover  County. 

John    1-23-1747 

Elizabeth    5-15-1749 

William    7-22-1750 

Obediah    4-27-1751 

Mary    10-  7-1753 

Eachel 6-  6-1757 

Huldah   9-  2-1759 

Maddox    3-15-1761 

Children  of  James  and  Elizabeth  Stanley. 

Caleb  8-  6-1758 

Children  of  William  and  Elizabeth  Stanley. 

Samuel 9-21-1759 

Hannah    1-  2-1762 

Children  of  Achillis  and  Elizabeth  Stanley. 

Agnes 6-24-1768 

Jesse    10-24-1770 


18  BIRTHS   AND  DEATHS. 

Children  of  Zachariah  and  Sarah  Stanley. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Susannah   12-  8-1775 

Abraham    8-  7-1777 

Abigal   3-  5-1780 

Zachariah    19-15-1782 

Children  of  Thomas  and  Unity  Stanley. 

Moses   11-15-1781 

John 11-  2-m3 

Temperance 2-22-1786 

James    3-10-1787 

Joseph 2-  9-1789 

Benjamin    2-10-1791 

Judith    9-28-1793 

Abigal    10-19-1796 

Unity    8-19-1799 

Children  of  littlebury  and  Agness  Stanley. 

Solomon    12-26-1787 

Martha    H-  8-1789 

Children  of  Thomas  and  Edith  Stanley. 

Milley    ^-  ^-1791 

Edmund    2-10-1793 

John    9-19-1795 

Elijah    9-  8-1796 

Frances    10"  1-1^98 

Children  of  Thomas  and  Priscilla  Stanley. 

Isaac    3-24-1803 

Tliomas  Binford    9-  5-1805 

Children  of  Waddy  and  Rebekah  Stanley. 

Samuel    ^  1-1796 

Priscilla   7-15-1798 

Lucy ^-  9-1801 

Anne    6-23-1803 

Joel    11-18-1805 


BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS.  19 

Children  of  Henry  and  Anne  Terrell  of  Caroline  County. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Tear. 

Henry    1-29-1735 

Thomas    8-20-1736 

Betty    9-  7-1738 

Anne 9-15-1740 

Children  of  Henry  and  Sarah  Terrell  of  Caroline  County. 

Ursula    3-11-1746 

Charles    8-  3-1748 

Judith    2-  6-1750 

Abigal    10-  6-1751 

George    6-28-1753 

Tarlton    11-19-1754 

Children  of  David  and  Sarah  Terrell  of  Caroline  County. 

Agga    12-17-1749 

Benjamin    11-  7-1750 

Edward    2-12-1753 

Sarah    1-10-1755 

Winifred    10-14-1760 

Mary    4-  6-1757 

David    3-11-1763 

Henry    8-13-1767 

Samuel    12-12-1769 

Children  of  Pleasant  and  Catharine  Terrell. 

Lucy    9-17-1763 

Jesse    5-10-1765 

Eobert    1-24-1768 

Samuel    1-  8-1770 

Eachel    5-  3-1772 

Kancy    2-17-1775 

Pleasant 11-26-1778 

Lemuel    7-  2-1781 

Mary 2-  3-1784 


20  BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS. 

Children  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  Harris  Terrell. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Mary   Ann    11-  3-1801 

Samuel    12-29-1802 

Walter    ' 4-14-1805 

James  0 12-  2-1808 

Henry  0 3-  2-1815 

George    Fox    10-16-1817 

Children  of  Lemuel  and  Rebecca  Terrell. 

Catharine  Pleasant  ("Kitty")    3-28-1805 

Robert  S 1807 

Nancy  Ann  — — 1809 

Nicey  Lynch  1812 

Lindsy  L 1814 

Ehoda  W —^1816 

Mary    — — 1818 

Sarah  Eebecca    1822 

Thomas  Henry  1825 

Children  of  Catherine  Pleasant  (Terrell)  Bell. 

James  Pinlmey  11-18-1830 

William  Lemuel 3 1833 

Robert  Henry   4-19-1836 

Mary  Margaret — - — -1838 

Rhoda  Ann   

Ricbard  Thomas — - — 1846 

Children  of  Thomas  and  Rebecca  Terrell. 

Mathew  Peatross   11-  8-1762 

Amy    11-  8-1766 

Rhoda    4-  8-1770 

Thomas    2-17-1772 

Timotbv    3-23-1774 

Joannah    3-31-1776 

Joseph    9-29-1777 

Rebecca    12-22-1780 


BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS.  21 

Children  of  Jonathan  and  Margaret  Terrell. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Elizabeth    3-38-1778 

Chiles    2-26-1780 

Nanny 6-17-1782 

John" 5-24-1784 

Miriam    11-  2-1786 

Matilda    3-18-1789 

Caleb    5-17-1791 

Thomas    2-24-1794 

Children  of  Jesse  and  Mary  Terrell. 

Sarah   6-10-1788 

Parmelia    10-27-1790 

Children  of  Jesse  by  Mary  his  second  Wife. 

Ehoda   10-15-1796 

George    1-  1-1799 

Mahlon   8-17-1802 

Samuel    8-24-1804 

Eliza  Ann  4-  3-1807 

Children  of  Matthew  Peatross  and  Sally  Terrell. 

Mahala    4-27-1790 

Rachel    11-  2-1795 

Thomas    2-15-1798 

Clark    11-29-1799 

Joannah    4-  3-1802 

Mathew    3-28-1804 

Children  of  Timothy  and  Miriam  M.  Terrell. 

Maria  4-25-1799 

Children  of  Timothy  by  Mary  his  second  Wife. 

Caty   7-11-1804 

Children  of  Joseph  and  Sarah  Terrell. 

Anna  Lynch 1-  2-1807 

Lucy    8-23-1810 

Joseph  Walker   9-  5-1812 

William    Penn    2-25-1815 


23  BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS. 

Deaths  taken  from  the  family  Bible  of  Mary  A.  Terrell  Ricks. 

DIED. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Pleasant  Terrell 1-11-1803 

Caty,,  Ms  wife    4-24-1813 

Samuel,  son  of  Pleasant  and  Caty 8-14-1844 

Elizabeth,  wife  of  Samuel   1-  5-1853 

Robert,  son  of  Pleasant  and  Caty  Terrell,  married  Nancy  Nelson 
1-4-1817,  who  died  5-27-1825,  and  he  married  Sarah  T.  Burruss. 
Eobert  died  2-9-1845,  without  issue. 

Children  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  H.  Terrell. 

Mary  A.  T.  Eicks   10-18-1870 

Samuel 10-19-1826 

*Walter    1-30-1887 

James  P 10-14-1867 

Henry  0.,  supposed  to  have  been  killed  by  the  Indians.  . 

George  Fox   5-28-1855 

Children  of  Benjamin  and  Margaret  Vaughan  of  Hanover  County. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Matilda    1-29-1796 

Lemuel    8-12-1797 

Bowling   8-30-1799 

Joseph    8-22-1801 

John  Ladd  11-21-1803 

Benjamin  11-30-1805 

Anna  Ladd 3-22-1808 

Lucy   Dabney    3-24-1810 

Margaretta   B 7-  2-1813 

Mary    7-  2-1813 

Children  of  Nathaniel  and  Jemimah  Winston  of  Caroline  County. 

Mary    7-28-1750 

Samuel 9-19-1752 

Pcbecea    2-28-1755 

Anthony 4-  1-1757 

George    12-  7-1759 

*  Walter  TerreU  married  M.  Talitha  Crew  10-3-1850,  who  died  10-13-1853,  leaving  one 
daughter,  Mary  Terrell,  now  Mrs.  Euclid  Saunders,  of  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 


BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS.  33 

RECORD  OF  DEATHS  TAKEN  FROM  THE  OLD  RECORD  BOOK 

OF  CEDAR  CREEK  MEETING  OF  HANOVER  COUNTY.* 

DIED. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Byrom.  son  of  Byrom  and  Eleanor  Ballard 12-14-1769 

Byrom,  sou  of  Byrom  and  Eleanor  Ballard 11-  9-1774 

Bates,  Fleming,  son  of  Benjamin  and  Tace  Bates 9-  8-1809 

Bates,  Tace,  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Tace  Bates 9-19-1892 

Bates,  Margaret,  daughter  of  Fleming  and  Unity  Bates.  3-22-1806 
Crew,   Margaret,    daughter   of   Micajah   and   Margaret 

Crew    IS-  3-1863 

Crew,  John,  son  of  Littlebury  and  Huldah 10-26-1801 

Crenshaw,  Rachel,  wife  of  John  Bacon  Crenshaw 11-20-1858 

Crenshaw,  Rachel,  daughter  of  J.  B.  and  R.  H 9 1857 

Crenshaw,  John  A.,  son  of  J.  B.  and  R.  H 9 1857 

Crenshaw,  John  C,  son  of  J.  B.  and  R.  H 11-14-1863 

Crenshaw,  Willetts,  son  of  J.  B.  and  Judith 9-17-1863 

Crenshaw,  Mary  F.,  daughter  of  J.  B.  and  Judith 9-13-1864 

Crenshaw,  Edmund  B.,  son  of  J.  B  and  Judith 3-18-1870 

Crenshaw.  Walter  C,  son  of  J.  B  and  Judith 3-10-1871 

Crenshaw,  Nathaniel  C,  son  of  John  aud  Elizabeth.  .  .  5-22-1866 
Crenshaw,  John  Bacon,  son  of  Nathaniel  and  Deborah.  .  5-10-1889 
Hargrave,  Salley,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Lucy  Har- 

grave,  of  Caroline  County   10-27-1786 

Johnson,  Sarah,  daughter  of  Jesse  and  Elizabeth  John- 
son        9-  4-1794 

Jones,  Ann,  daughter  of  Catlett  and  Sarah  Jones 5-  2-1805 

Johnson,  Deborah,  daughter  of  John  and  Dorothy  ....    7-13-1810 
Pleasants,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas  S.  and  Eliza- 
beth  T 8-31-1796 

Pleasants,  Martha  E.,  daughter  of  Joseph  J  and  Martha 

, 9-14-1842 

Pleasants,  Lydia  A.,  daughter  of  William  H.  and  Eliza 

J 6-27-1853 

Pleasants,  Henry  A.,  son  of  William  H.  and  Eliza  J.  .  .    3-  2-1883 

*This  Record  Book  has  been  very  poorly  kejit,  as  can  be  seen. 


24  BIRTHS   AND   DEATHS. 

EECORD  OF  BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS  AMONGST  FRIENDS 

m   CAMPBELL   AND   BEDFORD    COUNTIES, 

TAKEN  FROM  THE  OLD  SOUTHRIVER 

MEETING  BOOK. 


Children  of  Christopher  and  Judith  Anthony. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Mary    9-2  1766 

Joseph    12-  8-1767 

EUzabeth   10-  9-1769 

Charles 10-21-1773 

Children  of  Christopher  and  Mary  Anthony. 

Christopher   12-  6-1776 

Samuel 1-26-1779 

Hannah    10-27-1781 

Sarah    2-21-1784 

Penelope 4-15-1786 

Jordan   8-10-1788 

Rachel    6-25-1791 

Charlotte    10-19-1793 

Children  of  Joseph  and  Rhoda  Anthony. 
Samuel  Parsons   2-12-1792 

Children  of  John  and  Rachel  Anderson. 

Richard   P    4-  9-1780 

Rachel  1-20-1783 

Orpah    6-24-1785 

Elizabeth   7-16-1788 

Wm.   Pauling    4-  4-1792 

Children  of  Byrum  and  Eleanor  Ballard. 

Mary    6-16-1764 

Betty   11-  1-1765 

William    7-20-1767 

Byrum    5-14-1769 

Amos    11-15-1770 


BIRTHS   AND   DEATHS.  25 

Children  of  Barclay  and  Judith  Ballard. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Byruin    6-  9-1773 

Johnson   11-  3-1776 

James 10-23-1777 

Lvdia   13-  ^-1778 

William    1-15-1780 

Susanna 2-  9-1781 

Samuel 6-26-1783 

Thomas    3-21-1785 

Children  of  William  and  Elizabeth  Ballard. 

Anthony    2-22-1789 

Eleanor    6-  5-1790 

Mary    1-23-1792 

Asa  8-19-1793 

Children  of  William  and  Nancy  Ballard. 
Granderson  B 4-27-1808 

Children  of  Byrum  and  Sarah  Ballard. 
Philip    6-18-1793 

Children  of  Richard  and  Ann  Bloxom. 
Charles    10-27-1784 

Children  of  William  and  Nancy  Bloxom. 

James 8-11-1795 

Ann  Smith   5-  8-1797 

Elizabeth   T 12-23-1799 

Mariah   12-11-1802 

Children  of  Benjamin  and  Rachel  Butterworth. 

Nancy   5-21-1791 

Moorman    3-  5-1793 

Benjamin    10-24-1794 

Isaac    5-  7-1796 

Samuel    6-30-1798 

Eachel  M 7-11-1800 


26  BIRTHS   AND  DEATHS. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

William    9-27-1802 

Henry  Thomas   6-  4-1809 

Children  of  James  S.  and  Deborah  Butler. 

Mary 8-11-1812 

Ann  John.son    11-13-1814 

Martha    8-27-1816 

William    9-19-1818 

James  Edward    9-17-1820 

Alfred    5-29-1822 

Joseph    5-  5-1824 

Children  of  Stephen  and  Mary  Butler. 

Deborah    2-  4-1797 

Joseph    2-24-1800 

Children  of  Stephen  and  Matilda  Butler. 

Anselm    10-24-1811 

Edna    3-16-1813 

Mary  E 5-28-1815 

Matilda    7-  9-1817 

Children  of  Josiah  and  Susannah  Bailey. 

Almeda    5-  7-1805 

Eobert  Barclay   8-31-180G 

Judith    2-24-1808 

Daniel    6-11-1809 

James  Edwin    8-  9-1800 

Mary  Byrnm    12-  6-1811 

Susannah   5-  6-1813 

Children  of  Stephen  and  Louisa  Butler. 

Matilda  Ann  10-13-1822 

William   Exom    10-27-1824 

Children  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Bailey. 

Mary    4-  9-1806 

John   1-21-1807 


BIRTHS   AND  DEATHS.  27 

Children  of  Thomas  and  Patty  Burgess. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Elizabeth    9-32-1801 

Joseph    10-  9-1803 

Jesse 11-  9-1805 

Moses   4-28-1807 

Mary    2-  1-1809 

Tace  and  Martha  9-  5-1811 

Children  of  James  and  Agatha  Candler. 

Lucy    2-  3-1787 

Daniel   4-17-1788 

Johnson   6-14-1789 

Elizabeth   6-  6-1792 

James    1-  4-1794 

John    7-  7-1795 

Henry    4-27-1797 

Children  of  Mahlon  and  Elizabeth  Cadwalader. 

William    3-21-1810 

Jane   Daniel    9-  6-1812 

Deborah  Douglas   8-18-1815 

Judith   Johnson    12-26-1818 

Children  of  John  and  Rachel  Coffee. 

William    5-  5-1786 

John    9-  2-1787 

Joseph    8-6-1789 

Eachel    9-10-1791 

Mary   2-18-1793 

Children  of  Thomas  and  Jane  Cadwallader. 

Elizabeth   1-31-1786 

Mahlon 9-26-1787 

Jonah    8-11-1789 

Israel    7-28-1792 

Children  of  Nicholas  and  Druscilla  Crew. 

Micajah    6-26-1783 

John  9-  3-1785 


28  BIRTHS   AND  DEATHS. 

Children  of  Joseph  and  Eebecca  Curie. 

BORN. 

Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Sarah   12-15-1791 

Children  of  John  Candler. 

John    2-  9-1766 

Henry    1-22-1769 

Children  of  Samuel  and  Annie  Davis. 

William    7-  3-1770 

John    9-24-1774 

Thomas    2-18-1777 

Micajah    6-30-1779 

Children  of  William  and  Mary  Davis. 

John    10-21-1775 

Henry 1-21-1777 

Susannah    4-29-1780 

Elizabeth    12-  5-1782 

Benjamin    6-  8-1785 

Isaac    5-10-1788 

Polly   3-25-1790 

Nancy    10-26-1792 

Louisa    3-  4-1794 

Deborah   4-25-1797 

Children  of  Micajah  and  Mary  Davis. 

Susanna  5-18-1776 

Nancy    5-  9-1778 

Martha  and  Mary   3-  6-1780 

Samuel 3-22-1782 

David   3-  7-1784 

Eichard   12-19-1785 

Micajah    10-25-1787 

Annis   7-  1-1789 

Eobert  Pleasants    9-26-1792 

Children  of  Elizabeth  and  Achillis  Douglass. 

Eobert  Terrell    8-  1-1780 

Sarah   6-19-1781 


BIETHS   AND  DEATHS.  2& 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year, 

Judith    6-27-1783 

Milley 8-18-1785 

Deborah   11-33-1787 

Elizabeth    1-  9-1790 

Mary   1-24-1792 

Agatha   1-12-1794 

Charles  Terrell  9-12-1795 

John  Lynch    11-26-1797 

Achillis  Moorman    12-17-1800 

Children  of  James  and  Hannah  Daniel. 
Mary   12-  4-1791 

Children  of  Daniel  and  Edith  Easley. 

Sarah   2-13-1793 

Mary  Ann 10-17-1794 

R^ath 8-20-1796 

John  9-  9-1798 

Daniel   6-  2-1800 

Rachel    6-14-1802 

Richard  9-22-1804 

Isaac    8-  2-1806 

Children  of  Moses  and  Mary  Embree. 

Rachel   10 1775 

Moses   11-  8-1779 

John  3-19-1784 

Children  of  John  and  Ann  Fowler. 

Mary 10-22-1775 

William    2-17-1778 

John 5-22-1780 

Christopher    4-25-1782 

Nancy    12-10-1784 

David  and  Judith   5-10-1787 

Thomas    3-77-1790 

Children  of  John  and  Rachel  Fisher. 
Robert 10-  2-1800 


30  BIRTHS   AND  DEATHS. 

Children  of  Joseph  and  Hannah  Fisher. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Sylvanus    10-  8-1797 

Eachel  5-14-1799 

William    11-24-1800 

Children  of  Robert  and  Catharine  Hanna. 

Thomas    5-  2-1777 

Benjamin    G-14-1779 

Esther    9-  6-1781 

Da^•id    1-  9-1784 

Caleb    8-  4-1786 

Robert    5-28-1789 

Children  of  Isaac  and  Rachel  Hatcher. 

James    7-16-1789 

William    5-22-1791 

Lydia    12-17-1792 

Children  of  Robert  and  Catharine  Hatcher. 

Esther    4-10-1792 

Catharine 11-25-1794 

Ann    7-30-1797 

Children  of  Moses  and  Ruth  Hendrick. 

Amos    8-16-1759 

Cloe   4-  5-1763 

Sarah    11-20-1764 

Judith 9-  7-1766 

Obadiah    10-26-1767 

Betty    11-  2-1769 

Jeremiah    10-20-1772 

Moses,   Jr.,    2-12-1778 

Children  of  Amos  and  Hepzibah  HoUoway. 

Phebe    1-  3-1787 

Job   5-10-1793 

Aaron   4-16-1795 

Stephen    6-13-1789 


BIRTHS   AND   DEATHS.  31 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Ehoda 3-25-1793 

Hulda 8-30-1798 

Jason    1-14-1801 

Children  of  Asa  and  Mary  Holloway. 

Stanton    2-2G-1787 

Mary    2-20-1789 

Sarah    8-19-1791 

Isaac    6-15-1793 

Hannah    10-15-1796 

Eli   9-18-1798 

James    12-12-1800 

Children  of  William  and  Sarah  Holloway. 

John  5-  7-1791 

Isaac    5-19-1792 

Betsy    9-17-1793 

Pleasant    4-23-1795 

Samuel    9-12-1797 

George    6-  3-1800 

Children  of  Ashley  and  Milley  Johnson. 

Jeptha    6-  9-1783 

Jonathan    3-  8-1785 

Daniel   7-29-1787 

William    1-  1-1790 

Nancy    4-24-1792 

Abner   9-  1-1794 

Agatha    1-17-1797 

Martha    7-  7-1799 

Children  of  Joseph  and  Agatha  Johnson. 

Simeon 6-20-1786 

Joseph        2-10-1788 

Betsy   1-22-1790 

John    7-24-1793 

Polly    12-16-1795 

Kitty  Winston  3-15-1798 

Elvy 8-29-1800 


32  BIRTHS   AND  DEATHS. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Watkins   1-23-1803 

Caroline  Agnes  9-  9-1805 

Children  of  Samuel  and  Susanna  Johnson. 

Thomas   3-21-1790 

Samuel    12-28-1791 

Moorman   1-27-1794 

James    1-23-1796 

garah        3-28-1798 

John    .'.'.'..' 4-19-1800 

Children  of  Moorman  and  Elizabeth  Johnson. 

Susanna  10-  3-1780 

James  12-19-1782 

Milley    1-  7-1785 

Micajah  Moorman   1-15-1788 

Christopher    H-  2-1791 

Thomas  Chiles    13-  8-1794 

Charles  M 9-20-1797 

Achillis    Clark    3-11-1800 

Children  of  William  and  Agatha  Johnson. 

Nancy    6-23-1791 

Children  of  William  and  Sarah  Johnson. 

Unity 6-17-1793 

Eichard   9-11-1794 

Jerusha    12-24-1796 

Obadiah   5-26-1798 

Gideon   4-26-1800 

Children  of  John  Jr.  and  Rhoda  Johnson. 

Joseph  4-  7-1791 

Mieajah    • 12-28-1792 

John 1-  3-1795 

Charles    1-14-1797 

Pollv    1-14-1799 

Lewis 3-  7-1801 


BIRTHS   AND  DEATHS.  33 

Children  of  Christopher  and  Milley  Johnson. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Susanna    7-  3-1785 

Micajah    1-11-1788 

Penelope   2-24-1790 

James    9-26-1792 

Elizabeth    5-18-1795 

Children  of  Charles  and  Susanna  Johnson. 

David  Terrell   3-10-1797 

Anna   10-18-1798 

Susanna  7-17-1800 

Children  of  David  and  Rachel  Johnson. 

Collins    1-  3-1799 

William    10-30-1800 

Children  of  Christopher  and  Sarah  Johnson. 

Samuel  Hargrave 11-21-1785 

Caleb   12-  1-1787 

Patsy    7-19-1791 

Lilliburn  8-20-1793 

Zalinda    12-  8-1796 

Adeliza    10-24-1799 

Children  of  William  and  Susanna  Johnson. 

Ashley    7-17-1756 

Agnes    1-31-1758 

Martha    3-19-1760 

Jeptha 3-19-1761 

Euth    6-12-1763 

Eobert 5-18-1765 

Kewby    2-12-1767 

Sarah   9-29-1769 

William    1-  6-1772 

Johnathan 12-22-1774 

Elijah    -- 7-11-1777 

Ann  1-11-1780 


34  BIRTHS   AND  DEATHS. 

Children  of  Benjamin  and  Mary  Johnson. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

William    12-22-1757 

James    12-20-1759 

Eachel   3-26-1762 

Elizabeth    5-15-1764 

Mildred    7-  4-1766 

Christopher    3-  4-1769^ 

Lemuel    8-27-1782^ 

Anselm 3-25-1786 

Matilda    1-28-1792 

Polly   2-13-1797 

Gerard  and  Lucinda    3-21-1799 

Children  of  Christopher  and  Betty  Johnson. 

Charles    9-27-1753 

Ann    8-13-1755 

Mary    5-27-1757 

Benjamin    2-21-1759 

Agnes   1-18-1761 

Christopher    1-  4-1763 

Nicholas    — ■ 

Betty    8-  3-1767 

Thomas  1-  4-1770 

Timothy 3-30-1772 

David    10-  6-1776 

Colhns    10-  6-1776 

Mourning 1-31-1779 

Samuel    7-30-17^2 

Children  of  Charles  and  Molley  Johnson. 

Moorman   2-21-1780 

Betty   10-22-1781 

Children  of  James  and  Rachel  Johnson. 

John    7-24-1782 

Micajah    5-24-1784 

Edmond  5-24-1786 

Ehoda    5-27-1788 


BIRTHS   AND  DEATHS,  35 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Chiles   11-28-1790 

Barclay   11-18-1793 

Achillis   2-  6-1795 

Lydia   5-11-1797 

Susanna   3-18-1800 

Children  of  Nicholas  and  Patsy  Johnson. 

Nancy    2-  3-1789 

Garland    10-26-1790 

Pleasant    10-  4-1795 

Jessie 6-26-1798 

Johanna    3-26-1800 

Salley   10-23-1804 

Minor    5-29-1806 

Martha    11-23-1809 

Children  of  Newby  and  Sarah  Johnson. 

Achillis   Douglas    6-18-1802 

Edward  Lynch    1-  9-1806 

Children  of  Jonathan  and  Judith  Johnson. 

Wm.  Douglas   11-14-1805 

Micajah  T 11-23-1807 

Eobert 2-19-1810 

Elizabeth    7-14-1812 

Susannah  9-29-1814 

Achillis   Douglas    2-  8-1817 

Sarah  Ann 10-28-1819 

Mildred  Tyree    1-12-1822 

Children  of  Simeon  and  Delilah  Johnson. 
Alfred  Carroll    8-18-1806 

Children  of  Anselm  and  Deborah  Johnson. 

Anselm  Douglas  3-18-1811 

Children  of  Nicholas  and  Caty  Johnson. 

Gri£Bn   1-  5-1812 

Mary  Ann 12-30-1830 


36  BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS. 

Children  of  Isaac  and  Sarah  Johnson. 

BORN". 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

John  9-30-1787 

Elizabeth   4-18-1789 

Joseph    3-30-1791 

Mary    2-29-1793 

Catharine    3-  5-1795 

Sarah   12-  1-1798 

Isaac 4  -3-1801 

Children  of  John  and  Martha  James. 

Benjamin    10-13-1799 

Elizabeth    4-16-1801 

Children  of  Henry  and  Mary  Kerby. 

Esther    11-  5-1762 

Obadiah    2-13-1765 

Jeremiah    10-  5-1767 

Archibald 11-  6-1769 

Ezekiel   6-23-1771 

Sarah   9-11-1773 

Hendrick   12-17-1774 

Orpah    10-28-1775 

Mary    1-  6-1778 

Eichard    6-30-1780 

Children  of  John  and  Mary  Lynch. 

Matilda    '' 1-19-1769 

Zalinda    2-  6-1772 

Edward   6  24-1774 

^S^ 3-31-1777 

John  8-20-1779 

Christopher   5-19-1782 

Mary   12-  6-1784 

Charles  Clark  4 1787 

William    4-  9-1789 

Anselm 11-25-1793 

Hannah  B 11-26-1796 


BIRTHS   AND  DEATHS.  37 

Children  of  Joel  and  Sarah  Lewis. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

John    7-13-1791 

Children  of  Edward  and  Mary  Lynch. 

Sarali    10-  8-1796 

Zalinda    7-  6-1798 

Micajah  Terrell 10-  1-1800 

John    8-15-1802 

Charles  Edward   10-30-1804 

Christopher    3-29-1807 

Mary    9-15-1808 

Matilda_  9-16-1811 

ferrzabeth  Ann 8-24-1813 

Children  of  Jocabad  and  Sarah  Lodge. 

Wm.  Johnson   3-21-1794 

Laban  7-16-1796 

Nelson    2-  1-1799 

Selina  ^ 6-17-1801 

Children  of  Zachariah  and  Betty  Moorman. 

Anna    10-18-1756 

Molly 5-10-1758 

Milley    10-  2-1760 

Henry 12-11-1762 

Eachel    1-26-1765 

Agatha   5-13-1767 

Thomas    10-22-1769 

Samuel 

Children  of  Micajah  and  Sarah  Macy. 

John    7-  1-1795 

Sarah   11-25-1796 

Samuel    4-  1-1802 

Children  of  Micajah  and  Susannah  Moorman. 

Cliiles    6-16-1758 

Thomas    12-11-1755 

Betty    10-30-1760 


38  BIRTHS   AND  DEATHS. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Eachel   3-11-1763 

Milley    3-15-1765 

Charles 1-  8-1767 

Ehoda    8-15-1769 

Susannah  

Dosha  

Nancy    3-18-1775 

Sarah    6-1  1778 

Micajah    9-20-1779 

Molly    4-15-1782 

Children  of  John  and  Ann  Martin. 

Samuel 7-29-1768 

James    9-14-1770 

Sarah   3-28-1773 

Children  of  Stephen  and  Mary  Morelan. 

Aden 7-20-1774 

Abigal   11-14-1776 

Jonah    3-16-1779 

William    12-11-1781 

Isaac    • 4-18-1785 

Huldah    3-28-1788 

Eichard    2-18-1791 

Mordica    5-14-1793 

Children  of  Thomas  and  Africa  Moorman. 

Eeuben  3-29-1777 

Nancy    1-  7-1779 

Micajah    3-10-1781 

John  Hoye 11-13-1783 

Chiles  8-15-1786 

Thomas    1-  5-1789 

James  2-10-1791 

Charles  Terrell    6-25-1795 

Children  of  Charles  and  Elizabeth  Moorman. 

William    3-  8-1792 

Nancy  Paxon   7-20-1796 


BIKTHS   AND  DEATHS.  Sd, 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Fanny    Herndon    4-10-1798 

Eobert  Alexander    2-15-1801 

Children  of  Daniel  and  Elizabeth  McPherson. 

Mary    10-30-1783 

Anna    6-27-1786 

Sarah   7-29-1789 

Elizabeth    • 3-10-1792 

Martha  4-22-1794 

Children  of  Beverly  and  Ann  Milner. 

Dudley   7-15-1779 

Euth    4-27-1783 

Moses   7-  4-1785 

Beverly    1-  1-1788 

Sarah    4-7  1790 

Amos    11-29-1792 

Joseph    10-16-1795 

John  8-25-1800 

Children  of  Reuben  and  Lydia  Moorman. 

Pauline    3-12-1800 

Children  of  Andrew  and  Sarah  Millbourne. 

Zenas    9-  8-1783 

Samuel    12-12-1786 

Johnathan   •  1-20-1789 

William    6-17-1791 

Jacob    5-10-1792 

Lot   7-31-1795 

Annie  8-24-1797 

David    3-15-1800 

Children  of  Isaac  and  Elizabeth  Pidgeon. 

John 1-10-1794 

William    3-5-  1796 

Isaac    3-10-1798 

Eachel   2-25-1801 


40  BIRTHS   AND  DEATHS. 

Children  of  John  Paxon. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Dosha  5-12-1794: 

Children  of  Asa  and  Grace  Plummer. 

Eli    2-11-1797 

Deborah   10-20-1798 

Anna    4-10-1802 

Jesse    7-12-1803 

Ezra    11-21-11805 

Children  of  Minter  Pirn  and  Jemima  Perdue. 

Gresham    12-28-1790 

Eebecca    6-23-1793 

Children  of  Zenas  and  Elizabeth  Preston. 

Albert    4-17-1813 

Vickers    9-29-1815 

Urban 10-  9-1817 

Children  of  Enoch  and  Matilda  Roberts. 

John   Lynch    11-12-1789 

John  Lynch   5-10-1791 

Samuel 10-  2-1793 

William    2-28-1798 

Mary  Ann   11-28-1799 

Zalinda 1806 

Children  of  Joseph  and  Martha  Rhodes. 

Amy   10-12-1791 

Moses    4-28-1794 

Children  of  William  and  Phebe  Stanton. 
Aaron  8-10-1784 

Children  of  James  and  Mary  Stanton. 

Hannah    12-19-1794 

John 12-  7-1798 

Children  of  William  and  Catharine  Stanton. 

Elizabeth    10-18-1789 

Phebe   12-31-1791 


BIRTHS   AND  DEATHS. 


41 


BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

^nn  9-28-1794 

Mahlon    3-28-1797 

Samuel 10-  1-1799 

Children  of  Latham  and  Huldah  Stanton. 

Hepzibah   10-14-1798 

Elizabeth  Hunnicutt    12-16-1800 

Gulielma    4-  8-1803 

Daniel    4-  6-1805 

William 9-  7-1807 

Stephen  Butler 9-  8-1809 

Children  of  Joseph  and  Dosha  Stratton. 

David   11-23-1793 

Susanna H"  3-l'^95 

Nancy 11-16-1797 

Joseph    2-2-1800 

Micajah    1-22-1802 

Esther    3-  4-1804 

Children  of  Daniel  and  Mary  Stratton. 

David   6-  6-1782 

John  12-16-1784 

Margaret    8-11-1787 

Mar3^   2-  6-1793 

Daniel    3-  9-1797 

Children  of  Benjamin  and  Anna  Stratton. 

Eebecca  12-24-1796 

Naomi    7-28-1798 

Levi   8-23-1800 

Children  of  Mahlon  and  Salley  Stratton. 

Levi    5-  8-1799 

Children  of  Micajah  and  Sarah  Terrell. 

Eobert    5-23-1755 

Elizabeth   8-  6-1757 

Agatha  9-28-1759 

Charles  L 10-30-1761 


42  BIRTHS   AND   DEATHS. 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Sarah   11-  3-1763 

Samuel    4-  7-1766 

Ann    10-26-1768 

Mary    4-28-1773 

Children  of  Edward  and  Mary  Terrell. 

Lucy    4-25-1773 

Sarah    10-15-1775 

Edward    2-18-1778 

Elizabeth    9-  8-1781 

Mary   7-  2-1784 

Johnson   10-21-1786 

Children  of  David  and  Mary  Terrell. 

Christopher    5-  5-1793 

David   11-26-1795 

Judith    1-23-1798 

Pleasant    2-  2-1791 

Children  of  Edward  and  Jane  Terrell. 

Judith    8-28-1796 

Christopher    7-18-1798 

Gerard    11-  3-1800 

Jean    12-25-1802 

Children  of  Richard  and  Jane  Tullas. 

John    9-26-1762 

Elizabeth   2-  3-1765 

Eichard    8-24-1768 

Martha    2-  9-1771 

Children  of  John  Tullas. 
Nancy    1-11-1801 

Children  of  John  and  Mary  Timberlake. 

Elizabeth   2-  9-1783 

Mary    8-26-1784 


BIRTHS  AND  DEATHS.  43^ 

BORN. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Eichard    9-  6-1786 

Agnes   7-16-1788 

Christopher   9-  6-1790 

John    9-  4-1793 

Mourning   10-  8-1794 

Sally    8-26-1797 

Children  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  Wright. 

Thomas    9-  7-1779 

Nancy   2"  1-1783 

Mary    10-  6-1784 

John    10-27-1786 

EHzabeth    10-27-1788 

Benjamin    9-21-1791 

Children  of  Samuel  and  Chloe  Welch. 

Euth    7-  7-1784 

John    12-19-1785 

Moses   2-10-1788 

Turner   2-16-1790 

Children  of  Abraham  and  Lettia  Wildman. 

Jonah    7-  8-1779 

Elizabeth   7-11-1781 

Amey    3-25-1783 

Deborah   8-21-1785 

Mahlon 1-19-1788 

Mary 2-20-1790 

Sarah   2-26-1792 

Nancy   7-  6-1794 

Jesse 10-  1-1796 

William 7-19-1800 


44  BIRTHS   AND   DEATHS. 

HECORD   OF   DEATHS   AMONGST   FRIENDS   OF   CAMPBELL   AND    BED- 
FORD   COUNTIES.    TAKEN    FROM    THE    OLD 
SOUTHRIVER  MEETING  BOOK. 

DIED. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Anthony,  Judith,  wife  of  Christopher  Anthony 1-  9-1774 

Ballard,  Byruni,  son  of  Byrum  and  Eleanor  Ballard. .  .12--20-1769 

Bloxom,   Obadiah,    4-  8-1790 

Ballard,  Eachel,  (82  years  of  age)  6-10-1792 

Butterworth,  Isaac,  son  of  Benjamin  and  Eachel 12-  2-1801 

Butler,  James,  Jr 11-  8-1801 

Butler,  Joseph,  9-24-1802 

Ballard,  James,    5-  7-1810 

Ballard,  William    — •  8-1816 

Ballard,  Barclay,    5-  4-1814 

Butler,    Stephen,    12-  2-1815 

Bailey,  Exom,  5-10-1818 

Butler,  Matilda,  daughter  of  Stephen  and  Matilda  Butler  9-20-1817 

Butler,  Matilda,  wife  of  Stephen  Butler 11-10-1817 

Bailey,  Anna,  wife  of  Exom 8-11-1818 

Bond,  Isaac,   12-  7-1823 

Butler,  Mary,  daughter  of  James  L.  and  Deborah  Butler  8-  8-1825 

Ballard,  Judith,  wife  of  Barclay  Ballard 7-17-1824 

Butler,  James,    6-26-1828 

Curie,  Sarah,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Eebecca  Curie.  . .   2-  6-1792 

Curie,  Eebecca,  (40  years  of  age)   7-17-1793 

Candler,  Agatha,  wife  of  James  Candler 12-31-1817 

Candler,  James,,   1-  3-1826 

Douglas,  Eobert  Terrell,  son  of  Achillis  and  Elizabeth 

Douglas 9-  7-1780 

Douglas,  Agatha,   10-  5-1794 

Douglas,  Achillis,  (aged  57)    11-  5-1810 

Douglas,  Charles  Terrell,   8-  5-1818 

Douglas,  Mary  Terrell,   (aged  29)    10-13-1820 

Douglas,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Achillis 2-  8-1826 

Davis,  Samuel,  son  of  William  and  Zalinda  Davis 9-  4-1818 

Davis,  John,  son  of  William  and  Zalinda  Davis 3-16-1824 

Davis,  Sarah,  wife  of  Henry  Davis 3-  9-1824 

Davis,  William,    9-  1-1829 


BIRTHS   AND  DEATHS.  45 

DIED. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Davis,  Mary,  widow  of  WilHam,  (aged  85) 2-29-1839 

Davis,  Zalinda,  widow  of  William  Davis,  Jr.  (aged  67) .   5-  9-1839 

Davis,  Annis,  widow  of  Samuel  Davis,  (aged  91) 12-14-1831 

Eccols,  William,  4 — -1771 

Eecols,  Sarah, 2 1778 

Eccols,  William,   2-16-1794 

Embree,  Eachel,  daughter  of  Moses  and  Mary  Embree. .   4-  9-1788 

Embree,  Maiy,  wife  of  Moses  Embree 2-  1-1793 

Farmer,  Henry,    5-  9-1787 

Farmer,  Agnes, 11-10-1797 

Fisher,  Eobert,   8-27-1797 

Fowler,  John,   3-12-1810 

Fowler,  Ann,  (aged  77)    4-  7-1819 

Hanna,  Caleb,  son  of  Robert  and  Catharine  Hanna.  . .  .  7-15-1790 
Hanna,  David,  son  of  Eobert  and  Catharine  Hanna.  . .  .10-25-1791 
Hanna,    Esther,    daughter    of    Eobert    and    Catharine 

Hanna    11-  5-1791 

Hendrick,  Moses,   9-11-1794 

Hargrave,  Elizabeth  D.  J., 6-14-1847 

Johnson,   Martha,   daughter  of  William  and  Susannah 

Johnson   5-14-1760 

Johnson,   Agnes,   daughter  of  William   and   Susannah 

Johnson   11-  8-1773 

Johnson,  Jeptha,  son  of  William  and  Susannah  Johnson.   3-8-1775 

Jolmson,  Benjamin,   8-18-1769 

Johnson,  Edmund,  son  of  James  and  Eachel  Johnson.  .  7-18-1790 
Johnson,  Achillis,  son  of  James  and  Eachel  Johnson.  .11-11-1796 
Johnson,  Chiles,  son  of  James  and  Eachel  Johnson.  .   5-29-1794 

Johnson,   Timothy,    12-  5-1801 

Johnson,  Sarah,  wife  of  William  Johnson,  Jr.  (of  Sen- 
eca)  (aged  40)   5-21-1804 

Johnson,  Eachel,  wife  of  David,  12-  5-1805 

Johnson,  Agatha,  wife  of  Joseph  Johnson  (aged  42) . ,   7-26-1805 

Johnson,  Betty,  wife  of  Christopher,  Sr., 3-16-1809 

Johnson  Martha,  wife  of  Nicholas  Johnson 11-23-1809 

Johnson,  John,  Sr.  (Ivy  Creek)   (aged  84)   8-31-1816 

Johnson,  David,  (aged  63)    4-15-1816 


46  BIRTHS   AND  DEATHS. 

DIED. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Johnson,  Sarah  Ann,  daughter  of  Johnathan  and  Judith 

Johnson   3-  7-1821 

Johnson.  Dehorah,  wife  of  Lillibum,   5-13-1820 

Johnson,  l^lildred  Tyree,  daughter  of  Johnathan  and  Ju- 
dith Johnson 1-12-1822 

Johnson,  Sarah,  wife  of  ISTewby, 9-26-1826 

Johnson,  Mary,   (aged  93)    7-25-1849 

Johnson,  Gerard,    6-16-1857 

Johnson,  Judith,  wife  of  Johnathan  Johnson, 3-26-1848 

Jones,  Martha,  widow  of  Thomas  Jones,  (aged  82) 2-26-1825 

Kerby,  Elizabeth,  (in  her  80th  year)   11-  6-1778 

Kerby,  Eichard,  Jr.,   10 1781 

Lynch,  Salley,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary 2-25-1794 

Lynch,  Anna,  widow  of  Charles  Lynch 2-14-1804 

Lynch,  Hannah  B.,  wife  of  Stephen  Lynch 11-10-1817 

Lynch,  Anselm,  son  of  John  Lynch,  Sr 11-12-1814 

Lynch,   John,    10-31-1820 

Lynch,  Mary,   (aged  77)    8-  5-1829 

Moorman,  Thomas,    11-10-1767 

Moorman,  Cliiles,  son  of  Micajah  and  Susannah 9-22-1768 

Moorman,  Betty,  wife  of  Zachariah 7-14-1773 

Moorman,  Eeuben,  (aged  36)   9-  7-1813 

Macy,  Sarah,  daughter  of  Micajah  and  Sarah  Macy 8-12-1797 

Macy,  Sarah,  wife  of  Micajah  Macy 1-25-1797 

Moorland,  William,  son  of  Stephen  and  Mary  Moorland.   6-3  -1786 

Plummer,  Deborah,    10-11-1802 

Plummer,  Anna,    8-23-1804 

Pidgoon,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Isaac  Pidgeon 8-15-1806 

Pidgeon,  Sarah,  wife  of  Isaac  Pidgeon 5-1-1810 

Eussell,  Elizabeth,   11-18-1763 

Eoberts,  John  Lynch,   7-21-1790 

Eoberts,  John  Lynch,  (two  sons  of  the  same  name) .  . .  .11-16-1813 

Eoberts,  Enoch,    ,. 4-  7-1819 

Roberts,  Zalinda,  daughter  of  Enoch 11-21-1814 

tloberts,  Matilda,   12-22-1830 

Stanton,  Phebe,  wife  of  William  Stanton,  (aged  63) . .  .   5-22-1802 
Stabler,  Mary  Annis,  wife  of  Eobinson  Stabler 8-  5-1838 


BIRTHS   AND  DEATHS.  47 

DIED. 
Mo.  Day.  Year. 

Terrell,  Samuel,  son  of  Micajah  and  Sarah  Terrell 11 1776 

Terrell,  David,  (aged  76)   2-14-1805 

Tellas,  Jane,  (aged  79)   1-22-1813 

Terrell,  Jane,   6-  2-1815 

Welch,  Moses,  son  of  Samuel  and  Chloe 6-26-1790 

West,  Jane,  12-20-1791 

Ward,   Sarah,    1-20-1792 

Wildman,  William,    3-10-1801 


MARRIAGES 


MAKRIAGE    CERTIFICATES    TAKEN    FEOM    THE    OLD 

RECORD  BOOK  OF  CEDAR  CREEK  MEETmG, 

HANOVER  COUNTY,  VIRGINIA. 


WHEREAS  Achillis  Douglas,  son  of  John  Douglas,  of  Orange 
county,  and  Elizabeth  Terrell,  daughter  of  Micajah  Terrell, 
of  Caroline  county,  having  published  their  intentions  of  taking  each 
other  in  marriage  before  several  Monthly  Meetings  of  the  people 
called  Quakers,  according  to  good  order  used  amongst  them,  whose 
proceedings  therein  after  deliberate  consideration  thereof,  with  re- 
gard to  the  righteous  law  of  God,  and  example  of  his  people  recorded 
in  the  Scriptures  of  truth,  in  that  case  was  approved  of  by  the  said 
Meeting,  they  appearing  clear  of  all  others  and  having  consent  of 
parents  and  friends  concerned. 

Now  these  are,  therefore,  to  certify  to  all  whom  it  may  con- 
cern, that  for  the  full  accomplishment  of  their  intention  this  10th 
day  of  the  10th  Month,  1779,  they,  the  said  Achillis  Douglas  and 
Elizabeth  Terrell,  appearing  in  a  public  assembly  of  the  said  people 
and  others,  met  together  at  their  public  Meeting  House  in  Caroline 
county,  and  in  a  solemn  manner  he,  the  said  Achillis  Douglas,  did 
take  the  said  Elizabeth  Terrell  by  the  hand  and  openly  declared  as 
f olloweth :  Friends,  you  are  my  witnesses  that  I  do  this  day  take 
this,  my  friend,  Elizabeth  Terrell,  to  be  my  wife,  promising,  with 
the  Lord's  assistance,  to  be  a  good  and  faithful  Husband  to  her  till 
death  separates  us  (or  words  to  that  effect),  then  and  there  Eliza- 
beth Terrell  did  in  like  manner  declare  as  foUoweth :  Friends,  you 
are  my  witnesses  that  I  do  this  day  take  this,  my  friend,  Achillis 
Douglas,  to  be  my  husband,  promising,  with  divine  assiscance,  to 
be  to  him  a  good  and  faithful  wife  until  death  should  separate  us 
(or  words  to  that  effect).  And  the  said  Accillis  Douglas  and  Eli- 
zabeth (now  his  wife)  as  a  further  confirmation,  did  then  and  there 
to  these  present  set  their  hands,  she  assuming  his  name.  And  we 
whose  names  are  hereunto  subscribed  being  present  at  the  solemni- 
zation of  their  said  marriage  and  subscription  as  witnesses,  have 
hereunto  set  our  hands,  the  day  and  date  first  written. 

Achillis  Douglas, 
Eliz^vbeth  Douglas. 


52  MAKRIAGES. 

Witnesses  : — Micajah  Terrell,  Elizabeth  Eastin,  Pleasant  Ter- 
rell, Sarah  Terrell,  John  Douglas,  Ann  Barksdale,  Ursula  Cheadle, 
Salk\y  Hargrave,  Elijah  Johnson,  Milley  Douglas,  Mary  Hargrave, 
Catlet  Jones,  Rachel  Moomian,  Eebecca  Terrell,  Agatha  Terrell, 
Thomas  Terrell,  Elizabeth  Cheadle,  Judith  Cheadle,  Martha  Har- 
grave, Salley  Chiles,  Lucy  Cheadle. 


Wliereas  Pleasant  Cobb,  son  of  Robert  Cobb,  of  Caroline  county, 
and  Amy  Terrell,  daughter  of  Thomas  Terrell,  of  said  county,  hav- 
ing published  their  intention  of  taking  each  other  in  marriage,  be- 
fore several  Monthly  Meetings  of  the  people  called  Quakers,  accord- 
ing to  the  good  order  used  among  them,  vt^hose  proceedings  therein, 
after  deliberate  consideration,  was  approved  by  the  said  Meetings, 
they  appearing  clear  of  all  others,  and  having  consent  of  parents, 
and  other  Friends  concerned.  Now  these  are  to  certify  all  whom  it 
may  concern,  that  for  the  further  accomplishment  of  their  inten- 
tions, this  15th  day  of  the  6th  Month,  1785,  they  the  said  Pleasant 
Cobb  and  Am^  Terrell,  appearing  in  a  public  assembly  of  the  said 
people,  met  together  at  their  public  Meeting  House  in  Caroline 
county,  and  in  a  solemn  manner  he,  the  said  Pleasant  Cobb,  did  take 
the  said  Amey  Terrell  by  the  hand  and  did  openly  declare  as  fol- 
loweth :  Friends,  you  are  my  witnesses  that  I  do  this  day  take  this, 
my  Friend,  Amey  Terrell,  to  be  my  wife,  promising,  with  divine 
assistance,  to  be  unto  her  a  true  and  faithful  Husband  until  death 
should  separate  us  (or  words  to  the  like  effect) ;  then  and  there  Am- 
ey Terrell  declared  as  f oUoweth :  Friends,  you  are  my  witnesses,  that 
I  do  this  day  take  my  friend.  Pleasant  Cobb,  to  be  my  husband, 
promising,  with  divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  him  a  true  and  faithful 
wife  until  death  should  separate  us  (or  words  to  that  purpose) .  And 
the  said  Pleasant  Cobb  and  Amey,  his  wife,  as  a  further  confirma- 
tion, did  then  and  there  to  these  presents  set  their  hands,  she  assum- 
ing his  name  as  Cobb,  and  we  whose  names  are  hereunto  subscribed, 
being  present  at  the  solemnization  of  their  said  marriage  and  sub- 
scription, and  as  witnesses  have  hereunto  set  our  hands  the  day  and 
date  above  written. 

Pleasant  Cobb, 
Amey  Cobb. 


MARRIAGES.  53 

Witnesses  : — Nancy  Hnnnicntt,  Eliza  Cheadle,  Eebecca  Terrell, 
Milicent  McGhee,  Ehoda  Terrell,  Mary  Terrell,  Agatha  Cobb,  Eachel 
Moorman,  Pleasant  Terrell,  James  Bates,  Ursula  Cheadle,  Eebecca 
Winston,  Clark  T.  Moorman,  Samuel  Winston,  JSTancy  Macgey, 
Mathew  P.  Terrell,  ISTathan  Winston,  ISTancy  Bates,  Thomas  Ter- 
rell, Samuel  Cobb,  Jos.  Hunnicutt,  Martha  Winston,  Jonathan 
Terrell,  Lewis  Cobb. 


^Vliereas  Mathew  P.  Terrell,  son  of  Thomas  Terrell,  of  Caroline 
county,  and  Salley  Moorman,  daughter  of  Clarke  T.  Moorman,  of 
said  county,  having  published  their  intentions  of  taking  each  other 
in  marriage,  before  several  Monthly  Meetings  of  the  people  called 
Quakers,  according  to  the  good  order  used  among  them,  and  after 
deliberate  consideration,  was  approved  by  the  said  Meeting,  they 
appearing  clear  of  all  others,  and  having  consent  of  parents  and  oth- 
er concerned  Friends.  Now  these  are  to  certify  to  all  whom  it  may 
concern  that  for  the  further  accomplishment  of  their  intentions  this 
11th  day  of  the  5th  Month,  1788,  they  the  said  Mathew  P.  Terrell 
and  Salley  Moorman,  appearing  in  a  public  Assembly  of  the  said 
People  in  the  county  of  Caroline,  and  in  a  solemn  manner,  he  the 
said  Mathew  P.  Terrell  taking  the  said  Salley  Moorman  by  the  hand 
did  then  and  there  openly  declare  as  followeth :  In  the  presence  of 
this  assembly,  I  take  Salley  Moorman  to  be  my  wife,  promising, 
with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  her  a  faithful  Husband  until 
death  doth  separate  us  (or  words  to  that  effect).  Likewise  the  said 
Salley  Moorman  declared  as  followeth :  In  the  presence  of  this 
assembly,  I  t::.ke  Mathew  P.  Terrell  to  be  my  Husband,  promising, 
with  divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  him  a  faithful  wife  until  death 
doth  separate  us  (or  words  to  that  effect).  And  the  said  Mathew  P. 
Terrell  and  Salley  Moorman  (now  his  wife)  as  a  further  confirma- 
tion, did  then  and  there  to  these  presents  set  their  hands  (she  as- 
suming her  name  to  be  Terrell)  and  we  whose  names  are  hereunto 
subscribed,  being  present  at  the  solemnizing  of  their  said  mar- 
riage, and  subscription,  and  as  witnesses,  have  hereunto  set  our 
hands  the  day  and  date  above  written. 

Mathew  P.  Terrell, 
Salley  Terrell. 


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MARRIAGES.  55 

Witnesses: — Pleasant  Terrell,  Mary  Hargrave,  David  Terrell, 
Elizabeth  Hargrave,  Micajah  Terrell,  Maiy  Harris,  Thomas  Terrell, 
Salley  Chiles,  Thomas  Cliiles,  Elizabeth  Terrell,  Jesse  Hargrave, 
Eachel  Burftiss,  Judith  Cheadle,  Anthony  Winston,  Ann  McGhee, 
Lucy  Cheadle,  George  Winston,  Eachel  Moorman,  Deborah  Terrell, 
Eobt.  Farish,  Molley  Chiles,  Steven  Farish,  Eebecca  Winston. 


Whereas,  Joseph  Hargrave,  son  of  Samuel  Hargi'ave,  deceased, 
of  Caroline  County,  and  Eachel  Ten-ell,  daughter  of  Pleasant  Ter- 
rell, of  the  said  County,  having  publickly  declared  their  intentions 
of  taking  each  other  in  marriage,  before  several  Monthly  Meetings 
of  the  people  called  Quakers  in  said  County  of  Hanover,  according 
to  the  good  order  used  amongst  them  whose  proceedings  therein 
was  approved  by  the  Meeting,  they  appearing  clear  of  all  other  en- 
gagements, and  having  consent  of  parents  and  Friends. 

Now  these  are  to  certify  all  whom  it  may  concern,  that  for  the 
accomplishment  of  their  said  intentions,  this  14th  day  of  the  3rd 
month  1790,  they,  the  said  Joseph  Hargrave  and  Eachel  Terrell, 
appearing  in  a  publick  assembly  at  our  Meeting  House  in  Caroline 
County,  and  in  a  solemn  manner  he,  the  said  Joseph  Hargrave, 
taking  the  said  Eachel  Terrell  by  the  hand,  did  openly  declare  as 
f olloweth :  "Friends,  you  are  my  witnesses  that  I  take  Eachel  Ter- 
rell to  be  my  wife,  promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto 
her  a  faithful  husband  until  death,"  or  words  to  that  effect,  and 
then  and  there,  in  the  said  assembly,  she,  the  said  Eachel  Terrell, 
did  declare  in  substance  as  f  olloweth :  "Friends,  ye  are  my  wit- 
nesses that  I  take  Joseph  HargTave  to  be  my  husband,  promising, 
with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  him  a  faithful  wife  until  death," 
and  the  said  Jos.  Hargrave  and  Eachel,  his  now  wife,  as  a  further 
confirmation  thereof,  did  then  and  there  to  these  presents  set  their 
hands,  and  we  whose  names  are  hereunto  subscribed,  being  present 
at  the  solemnizing  of  the  above  said  marriage  and  subscription,  as 
witnesses  have  hereunto  set  our  hands,  the  day  and  date  as  above. 

Joseph   Hargrave, 
Eachel  Hargrave. 

Witnesses  : — Pleasant  Terrell,  Jesse  Hargrave,  Samuel  Har- 
grave, Thomas  Hargrave,  Samuel  Terrell,  John  Hargrave,  Eobert 
Terrell,  Obadiah  Crew,  Christopher  Terrell,  William  Burrus,  Pol- 
ley  Hewlett,  Heni7  Burruss,  Mathew  P.  Terrell,  Pleasant  Cobbs, 


56  MAEHIAGES. 

Jonathan  Terrell,  John  Peatross,  Clark  T.  Moorman,  Thomas  Ter- 
rell, Samuel  Clules,  Millicent  Hargrave,  Nancy  Terrell,  Amey 
Cobbs,  Eebecca  Terrell,  Eachel  Moorman,  Margaret  Terrell,  Salley 
Terrell,  Ehoda  Terrell,  Ehoda  Moorman,  Judith  Harris,  Elizabeth 
Cheadle,  Lucy  Hargrave,  Ursula  Cheadle,  Lucy  Temple,  Catharine 
Ellis,  Susana  Hargrave,  Molley  Terrell,  Sarah  Terrell,  Lealy 
Cobbs,  Milhcent  Hewlett. 


Whereas,  David  Terrell,  of  Camjibell  County,  and  Patty  John- 
son (daughter', Ashley  and  Martha  Johnson),  of  Louisa  County, 
having  declared  their  intentions  of  marriage  with  each  other  before 
several  Monthly  Meetings  of  the  people  called  Quakers  at  Cedar 
Creek,  in  the  County  of  Hanover,  according  to  the  good  order  used 
among  them,  they  appearing  clear  of  all  other  marriage  engage- 
ments, were  approved  by  said  meeting. 

These  are  to  certify  all  whom  it  may  concern,  that  for  the  accom- 
plishment of  their  said  intention,  they,  the  said  David  Terrell  and 
Patty  Johnson,  appearing  in  a  Publick  Meeting  of  the  aforesaid 
people,  at  Cedar  Creek  Meeting  House  in  Hanover  County  afore- 
said, this  twenty-fifth  day  of  the  Second  month,  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord  One  Thousand  Seven  Hundred  and  Ninety-three;  and  in  a 
solemn  manner  he,  the  said  Da^dd  Terrell,  taking  the  said  Patty 
Johnson  by  the  hand,  did  openly  declare  as  followeth:  "In  the 
presence  of  the  Lord  and  this  assembly,  I  take  Patty  Jolmson  to 
be  my  wife,  promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  her  a  true 
and  faithful  husband  until  death  shall  separate  us,"  or  words  to 
the  same  effect,  and  then  and  there  in  the  said  assembly  the  said 
Patty  Johnson  did  in  like  manner  declare  as  followeth :  "In  the 
presence  of  the  Lord  and  this  assembly,  I  take  David  Ten-ell  to  be 
my  husband,  promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  him  a 
true  and  faithful  wife  until  death  shall  separate  us,"  or  words  to 
that  effect.  And  the  said  David  Terrell  and  Patty,  now  his  wife, 
as  a  further  confirmation  of  their  said  marriage  did  then  and  there 
to  these  presents  set  their  names,  and  we  whose  names  are  hereunto 
subscribed,  being  present  at  the  solemnization  of  the  above  said  mar- 
riage and  subscription  in  the  manner  aforesaid  as  witnesses  thereto, 
have  also  to  these  presents  subscribed  our  names  the  day  and  year 
above  written.  David    Terrell, 

Patty   Terrell. 


MARRIAGES.  57 

Witnesses  : — Henry  Terrell,  Samuel  Parsons,  Mica j ah  Crew, 
Clark  T.  Moorman,  William  Johnson,  Benjamin  Bates,  Jr.,  Thomas 
Harris,  John  Harris,  Jonathan  Terrell,  Mathew  Terrell,  Thomas 
Ladd,  WiUiam  Stabler,  Nathan  Bell,  Joshua  Stanley,  Waddy  Stan- 
ley, Gerard  Johnson,  Ann  Jones,  Sarah  Bell,  Mary  Brooks,  Nancy 
Hunnicutt,  Thomas  Hatton,  Samuel  Terrell,  John  Crew,  Jr., 
Eachel  Harris,  Mary  Ladd,  Eaehel  Ladd,  Betsy  Watkins,  Thomas 
Doswell,  Lemuel  Crew,  Judith  Crew,  Edith  Harris,  Tace  Crew, 
Sarah  Harris,  Salley  Watlcins,  Cattlet  Jones,  Eobert  H.  Crew, 
Eachel  Moorman,  Margaret  Crew,  Mary  Hatton,  Susannah  Harris, 
Salley  Ladd. 


Whereas,  Eobert  Crew,  son  of  Benjamin  Crew,  deceased,  of 
Charles  City  County,  and  Nancy  Terrell,  daughter  of  Pleasant  and 
Caty  Terrell,  of  Caroline  County,  having  declared  their  intentions 
of  taking  each  other  in  marriage,  before  several  Publick  Meetings 
of  Friends  in  Virginia  (according  to  the  good  order  used  amongst 
them),  and  having  consent  of  parents  and  Friends  concerned. 

Now,  these  are  to  certify  all  whom  it  may  concern  that  for  the 
full  accomplishment  of  their  said  marriage  this  14th  day  of  9th 
month  1794,  they,  the  said  Eobert  Crew  and  Nancy  Terrell,  ap- 
pearing in  a  Publick  ]\Ieeting  of  Friends  and  others  at  'their  Meet- 
ing House  in  the  above  said  County  of  Caroline,  and  the  said  Eob- 
ert Crew,  taking  the  said  Nancy  Terrell  by  the  hand,  did  solemnly 
declare  as  f olloweth :  In  the  presence  of  this  assembly  I  take  Nancy 
Terrell  to  be  my  wife,  promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto 
her  a  true  and  faithful  husband  until  death.  And  then  and  there, 
in  like  manner,  the  said  Nancy  Terrell  did  declare  as  followeth: 
In  the  presence  of  this  assembly  I  take  Eobert  Crew  to  be  my  hus- 
band, promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  him  a  true  and 
loving  wife  until  death.  And  we,  whose  names  are  hereunder  writ- 
ten, being  present  at  their  said  solemnization,  have  as  witnesses  of 
their  said  marriage  and  subscription  hereunto  set  our  hands,  the 
day  and  year  above  written. 

Egbert  Crew, 
Nancy   Crew. 

Witnesses  : — Eachel  Hargrave,  Amy  Cobb,  Salley  Terrell, 
Pleasant  Cobb,  John  Peatross,    Samuel    Terrell,    Eobert    Terrell, 


58  MARRIAGES. 

Margaret  Crew,  Margaret  Terrell,  Lucy  Hargrave,  James  D.  Ladd, 
John  Johnson,  ]\Iathe\v  Terrell,  Joseph  Hargrave,  Ann  Jones,  Sal- 
ley  Chiles,  Jonathan  Terrell,  Jesse  Hargrave,  Pleasant  Terrell, 
Catlett  Jones,  Samuel  Hargrave. 


^Aliereas,  Timothy  Terrell,  son  of  Thomas  Terrell,  of  Caroline 
County,  and  Miriam  Murdauh  Hunnicutt,  daughter  of  James  Hun- 
nicutt,  deceased,  late  of  the  County  of  Goochland,  having  published 
their  intentions  of  taking  each  other  in  marriage  before  several 
Monthly  Meetings  of  the  people  called  Quakers  in  Hanover  Coun- 
ty, agi-eeable  to  the  good  order  used  among  them  (they  appearing 
clear  of  all  others),  and  having  the  consent  of  parents  and  Friends 
concerned. 

Now,  these  are  to  certify  all  whom  it  may  concern,  that  for  the 
full  accomplishment  of  their  marriage,  they,  the  said  Timothy  Ter- 
rell and  Miriam  Murdaugh  Hunnicutt,  appearing  in  a  Publick 
Meeting  of  the  aforesaid  people  and  others,  at  their  Meeting  House 
at  Geneto  in  Goochland  County,  the  10th  day  of  the  Sixth  month 
in  the  year  of  our  Lord  One  Thousand  Seven  Hundred  and  Ninety- 
eight,  the  said  Timothy  taking  the  said  Miriam  by  the  hand  and 
openly  declaring  as  followeth :  "In  the  presence  of  this  assembly. 
I  take  Miriam  Murdauh  Hunnicutt  to  be  my  wife,  promising,  with 
Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  her  a  true  and  faithful  husband  until 
death."  And  there  in  the  said  assembly  the  said  Miriam  Murdauh 
Hunnicutt  did  in  like  manner  declare  as  followeth :  "In  the  pres- 
ence of  this  assembly  I  take  Timothy  Terrell  to  be  my  husband, 
promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  him  a  true  and  faith- 
ful wife  until  death,"  or  to  that  effect.  And  as  a  further  confirma- 
tion of  their  marriage,  they,  the  said  Timothy  Terrell  and  Miriam 
Murdauh,  now  his  wife,  did  then  and  there  to  these  presents  set 
their  hands,  and  we  whose  names  nvv.  hereunto  subscribed  being 
present  at  the  solemnization  of  their  said  marriage  and  subscrip- 
tion, have  as  witnesses  thereof,  hereunto  set  our  hands,  the  day  and 
yaw  above  written.  Timothy  Terrell, 

Miriam  M.   Terrell, 

Witnesses: — John  Hunnicutt,  Joseph  Terrell.  James  Hunni- 
cutt, Joseph  Hunnicutt,  William  H.  Pleasants.  Obadiah  Crew,  Sam- 
uel Couch,  Thomas  Harris,  Samuel  Parsons,  Jesse  Crew.  Benjamin 


MARRIAGES.  59 

Kussel,  Samuel  P.  Parsons,  Tliomas  Hunniciitt,  Ann  Hnnnicutt, 
Mary  Peatross,  Elizabetli  Winston,  Elizabeth  Peatross,  Mary  Pleas- 
ants, Elizabeth  Pleasants,  Henrietta  M.  Pleasants,  Elizabeth  Stan- 
ley, Susannah  Hatton,  Mary  P.  Younghusband,  Amey  Peatross, 
Margaret  P.  Parsons,  Mary  Hatton,  Sarah  Parson,  Mary  Brooks. 


Whereas,  John  Bell,  son  of  Xathan  Bell,  of  the  County  of  Han- 
over, and  Joanna  Terrell,  daughter  of  Thomas  Terrell,  of  the  Coun- 
ty of  Caroline,  having  declared  their  intentions  of  taking  each  other 
in  marriage  before  two  Monthly  Meetings  of  the  people  called 
Quakers,  according  to  the  good  order  used  among  them,  and  having 
permission  of  parents  and  Friends  concerned. 

These  are  to  certify  all  whom  it  may  concern,  that  for  the  full 
accomplisbment  of  their  said  marriage  that  they,  the  said  John 
Bell  and  Joanna  Terrell,  appearing  at  a  Publick  Meeting  of  the 
aforesaid  people  and  others  at  their  Meeting  House  in  Caroline 
County  the  twelfth  day  of  the  Fifth  month  One  Thousand  and 
Eight  Hundred,  and  the  said  John  Bell  taking  the  said  Joanna 
Terrell  by  the  hand,  did  in  a  solemn  manner  declare  as  followeth : 
"In  the  presence  of  the  Lord  and  before  this  assembly  I  take  this 
my  friend  Joanna  Terrell  to  be  my  wife,  promising,  with  Divine 
assistance,  to  be  unto  her  a  true  and  loving  husband  until  death." 
And  then  and  there  in  the  same  assembly  the  said  Joanna  Terrell 
did  in  like  manner  declare  as  followeth:  "In  the  presence  of  the 
Lord  and  before  this  assembly  I  take  this  my  friend  John  Bell  to 
be  my  husband,  promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  him 
a  true  and  loving  mfe  until  death"  (or  words  to  that  purport),  and 
as  a  further  confirmation  of  their  said  marriage  the  said  John  Bell 
and  Joanna.,  his  now  wife  (she  assuming  the  name  of  her  husband), 
have  hereunto  set  their  hands,  and  we  whose  names  are  hereunto 
subscribed  being  present  at  the  solemnization  and  subscription, 
have  as  witnesses  set  out  hands,  the  day  and  year  above  written. 

John  Bell, 
Joanna  Bell. 

Witnesses  : — Thomas  Terrell,  Joseph  Terrell,  Rebecca  Bell,  Mar- 
garet Terrell,  Pleasant  Cobb,  Jonathan  Terrell,  Ann  Peatross,  Jesse 
Terrell,  Lemuel  Crew,  Eebecca  Terrell,  Mathew  Terrell,  Timothy 
Terrell,  Nancy  Chiles,  Caty  Terrell,  Mary  B.  Terrell,  Sally  Terrell, 
Pleasant  Terrell,  Lewis  Cobb,  Amey  Cobb,  Mary  Bell. 


60  MARRIAGES. 

Whereas,  Timothy  Terrell,  son  of  Thomas  Terrell,  of  Caroline 
County,  and  Mary  Terrell,  daughter  of  Pleasant  Terrell,  of  said 
County,  haWng  published  their  intention  of  taking  each  other  in 
marriage  before  several  Monthly  Meetings  of  Friends,  according 
to  the  good  order  used  among  them,  which,  after  deliberate  consid- 
eration, was  approved  by  the  said  meetings,  they  appearing  clear 
of  all  other  marriage  engagements,  and  having  consent  of  parents 
and  other  concerned  Friends. 

Now,  this  is  to  certify  all  whom  it  may  concern,  that  for  the 
further  accomplishment  of  their  intention,  this  10th  day  of  the 
Third  month  1803,  they,  the  said  Timothy  Terrell  and  Mary  Ter- 
rell appearing  in  a  Pulilick  Assembly  of  Friends  in  the  County  of 
Hanover,  he,  the  said  Timothy  Terrell,  in  a  solemn  manner,  taking 
the  said  Mary  Terrell  by  the  hand,  did  openly  declare  as  f oUoweth : 
In  the  presence  of  this  assembly  I  take  Mary  Terrell  to  be  my  wife, 
promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  to  her  a  faithful  husband 
until  death  shall  separate  us  (or  words  to  that  effect),  and  the  said 
Mary  Ten-ell  did  in  like  manner  declare  as  follows :  In  the  pres- 
ence of  this  assembly  I  take  Timothy  Terrell  to  be  my  husband, 
promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  liim  a  faithful  wife 
until  death  shall  separate  us  (or  words  to  that  effect).  And  the 
said  Timothy  Terrell  and  Mary  (now  his  wife)  did  as  a  further 
confirmation,  then  and  there  to  these  presents  set  their  hands.  And 
we  whose  names  are  hereunto  subscribed,  being  present  at  the  sol- 
emnization of  the  said  marriage  and  subscription  as  witnesses,  have 
hereunto  set  our  hands,  the  day  and  year  above  written. 

Timothy  Terrell, 
Mary  Terrell. 

Witnesses: — Lucy  Hargrave,  Salley  Terrell,  Sarali  Jones, 
Each  el  Moorman,  Salley  Terrell,  Jr.,  Susanna  Hatton,  Pleasant 
Terrell,  Jr.,  Lemuel  TciTell,  Catlett  Jones,  Thomas  Harris,  Benja- 
min Bates,  Jr.,  Eebecca  Terrell,  Margaret  Crew,  Sarah  Hatton, 
Jane  Ladd,  Unity  Crew,  Mathew  Terrell,  Joseph  Terrell,  Pleasant 
Cobb,  Micajah  Crew,  Lemuel  Crew,  Thomas  Stanley,  Walter  Crew, 
Thomas  Hatton,  Waddy  Stanley,  Isaac  Ratcliff,  Joshua  Crew,  Wm. 
H.  Pleasants,  Joseph  Wilkins,  Thomas  Hatton,  Jr.,  Philip  Brooks, 
John  Maddox. 


MARRIAGES.  61 

Whereas,  Joseph  Terrell,  son  of  Thomas  Terrell,  of  Caroline 
County,  and  Sarali  Terrell,  daughter  of  Jesse  Terrell,  of  said 
county,  having  published  their  intention  of  taking  each  other  in 
marriage,  before  several  Monthly  Meetings  of  Friends,  according 
to  the  good  order  used  amongst  them,  which,  after  deliberate  con- 
sideration, was  approved  by  said  meetings,  they  appearing  clear  of 
all  others,  and  having  consent  of  parents  and  other  concerned 
Friends. 

Now,  these  are  to  certify  to  all  whom  it  may  concern,  that  for 
the  accomplishment  of  their  said  intentions,  this  15th  day  of  the 
Fourth  month  1804,  they,  the  said  Joseph  Terrell  and  Sarah  Ter- 
rell, appearing  in  a  public  assembly  of  Friends  in  Caroline  Coun- 
ty, and  in  a  solemn  manner,  he,  the  said  Joseph  Terrell,  taking  the 
said  Sarah  Terrell  by  the  hand,  did  then  and  there  openly  declare 
as  f olloweth :  "In  the  presence  of  this  assembly,  I  take  Sarah  Ter- 
rell to  be  my  wife,  promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto 
her  a  faithful  husband  until  death  shall  separate  us"  (or  words 
to  that  effect) .  Likewise  the  said  Sarah  Terrell  declared  as  f ollow- 
eth :  "In  the  presence  of  this  assembly,  I  take  Joseph  Terrell  to  be 
my  husband,  promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  him  a 
faithful  wife  until  death  shall  separate  us"  (or  words  to  the  like 
effect).  And  the  said  Joseph  Terrell  and  Sarah  Terrell  (now  his 
wife),  as  a  further  confirmation  did  then  and  there  to  these  pres- 
ents set  their  hands.  And  we  whose  names  are  hereunto  subscribed, 
being  present  at  the  solemnization  of  the  said  marriage  and  sub- 
scription, have  as  witnesses  thereof  hereunto  set  our  hands,  the  day 
and  year  above  written.  Joseph  Terrell. 

Sarah  Terrell. 

Witnesses: — Mathew  Terrell,  Jesse  Terrell,  Pleasant  Cobb, 
Lemuel  Terrell,  Timothy  Terrell,  Pleasant  Terrell,  John  Bell, 
Chiles  Terrell,  Joseph  Hargrave,  Kobert  Terrell,  Christopher  G. 
Broaddus,  Eeuben  T.  Clarke,  Eebecca  Terrell,  Patsey  Hargrave, 
Mary  B.  Terrell,  Lucy  Hargrave,  Ehoda  Cobb,  William  Fitzhugh, 
Ann  Peatross,  Caty  Terrell,  Mary  Terrell,  Eachel  Hargrave,  Miriam 
Terrell. 


Whereas,  Lemuel  Terrell,  son  of  Pleasant  Terrell,  deceased,  of 
the  County  of  Caroline,  and  Eebecca  Terrell,  daughter  of  Thomas 


62  MARRIAGES. 

Terrell,  of  the  said  County,  having  declared  their  intentions  of  tak- 
ing each  other  in  marriage  before  two  Monthly  Meetings  of  Friends, 
according  to  the  good  order  used  among  them,  and  having  consent 
of  parents  and  Friends  concerned. 

These  are  to  certify  all  whom  it  may  concern,  that  for  the  full 
accomplishment  of  their  said  marriage,  they,  the  said  Lemuel  Ter- 
rell and  Eebecea  Terrell,  appearing  in  a  Pul)lick  Assembly  of  the 
aforesaid  people  and  others  in  the  County  of  Caroline,  this  15th 
day  of  the  Fourth  month  1804,  and  the  said  Lemuel  Terrell,  taking 
the  said  Kcbecca  Terrell  by  the  hand,  did  in  a  solemn  manner  de- 
clare as  followeth :  "In  the  presence  of  the  Lord  and  before  this 
assembly,  I  take  tliis  my  friend  Eebecea  Terrell  to  be  my  wife, 
])romising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  her  a  true  and  loving 
husband  until  death  shall  sei)arate  us,"  and  then  and  there  in  the 
same  assembly  the  said  Eebecea  Terrell  did  in  like  manner  declare 
as  followeth :  "In  the  presence  of  the  Lord  and  before  this  assem- 
bly, I  take  this  my  friend  Lemuel  Terrell  to  be  my  husl^and,  prom- 
ising, with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  imto  him  a  true  and  loving  wife 
until  death  shall  separate  us"  (or  words  to  that  purport).  And  as 
a  further  confirmation  of  their  said  marriage,  the  said  Lemuel  Ter- 
rell and  Eebecea,  his  wife,  have  hereunto  set  their  hands.  And  we 
whose  names  are  hereunto  subscribed,  being  present  at  the  solemn- 
ization and  subscription,  have  hereunto  as  witnesses  set  our  hands, 
the  day  and  year  above  WTitten. 

Lemuel  Terrell, 
Eebecca   Terrell. 

Witnesses: — Joseph  Terrell,  Mathew  Terrell,  Pleasant  Cobb, 
Timothy  Terrell,  Pleasant  Terrell,  John  Bell,  Chiles  Terrell,  Jos- 
eph Hargrave,  Miriam  Terrell,  Eeuben  T.  Clarke,  William  Fitz- 
hugh,  Sarah  Terrell,  Ann  Peatross,  Caty  Terrell,  ]\Iary  B.  Terrell, 
Marv  Terrell,  Lucy  Hargrave,  Ehoda  Cobb,  Eobert  Terrell,  Chris- 
topher G.  Broaddus,  Rhoda  Peatross,  Patsey  Hargrave. 


Whereas,  Eobert  Ladd,  son  of  William  Ladd,  deceased,  of  Charles 
City  County,  and  Mary  Terrell,  daughter  of  Pleasant  Terrell,  de- 
ceased, of  Caroline  County,  having  declared  their  intention  of  tak- 
ing each  other  in  marriage  before  several  Monthly  Meetings  of 
Friends  held  at  Cedar  Creek  in  Hanover  Coimty,  according  to  the 


MARRIAGES.  63 

good  order  used  among  them,  their  proceedings,  after  due  inquiry 
and  deliberate  consideration,  being  approved,  and  having  consent  of 
parents  and  Friends. 

Now,  these  are  to  certify  all  whom  it  may  coiicern,  that  for  the 
accomplishment  of  their  said  marriage  this  15th  day  of  the  Sixth 
month,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  One  Thousand  Eight  Hundred  and 
Seven,  they,  the  said  Robert  Ladd  and  Mary  Terrell,  appeared  at 
a  Publick  Assembly  of  Friends  and  others  in  Caroline  County,  and 
the  said  Robert  Ladd,  taking  the  said  Mary  Terrell  by  the  hand, 
did  openly  and  solemnly  declare  as  follows :  "In  the  presence  of 
this  assembly,  I  take  Mary  Terrell  to  be  my  wife,  promising,  with 
Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  her  a  faithful  and  loving  husband  un- 
til death  shall  separate  us,"  and  the  said  Mary  Terrell  did  then  and 
there  in  the  said  assembly,  in  like  manner  declare  as  as  follows : 
"In  the  presence  of  this  assembly,  I  take  Robert  Ladd  to  be  my 
husband,  promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  him  a  faith- 
ful and  loving  wife  until  death  shall  separate  us,''  and  the  said  Rob- 
ert Ladd  and  Mary,  his  wife,  as  a  further  confirmation  of  their 
said  marriage,  did  then  and  there  to  these  presents  set  their  hands, 
and  we  whose  names  are  hereunto  subscribed,  being  present  at  the 
solemnization  of  said  marriage  and  subscription,  have  as  witnesses 
thereof  set  our  hands,  the  day  and  year  above  written. 

Robert   Ladd, 
Mary  Ladd. 

Witnesses  : — Robert  Terrell,  Joseph  Terrell,  Jesse  Crew,  Ben- 
jamin Crew,  Thomas  Cohb,  Lucy  Terrell,  Mary  B.  Terrell,  Sally 
Terrell,  Nancy  Terrell.  Lucy  Hargrave,  Jesse  Ladd,  Joseph  Ladd, 
Walter  Crew,  Pleasant  Terrell,  Pleasant  Cobb,  Ann  Johnson,  Amey 
Cobb,  Mahala  Terrell,  Susan  W.  Mills,  Nancy  Crew,  Ann  Ladd, 
Margaret  Vaughan. 


Whereas,  Alfred  Ricks,  of  Southampton  County,  State  of  Vir- 
ginia, son  of  Richard  Ricks  and  Julia  his  wife,  and  Mary  Ann  Ter- 
rell, daughter  of  Samuel  Terrell  and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  of  the 
County  of  Caroline  and  State  aforesaid,  having  declared  their  in- 
tentions of  marriage  with  each  other  before  a  Monthly  Meeting  of 
the  rehgious  Society  of  Friends  held  at  Cedar  Creek,  in  Hanover 
County,  according  to  the  good  order  used  among  them,  and  having- 


6-i  MAKKIAGES. 

consent  of  the  parties  concerned,  their  said  proposal  of  marriage 
was  allowed  by  the  said  meeting. 

Now,  these  are  to  certify  whom  it  may  concern,  that  for  the  full 
accomplishment  of  their  said  intentions,  this  12th  day  of  the 
Fourth  month  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  Eighteen  Hundred  and 
Twenty-two,  they,  the  said  Alfred  Eicks  and  Mary  Ann  Terrell, 
appeared  in  a  Publick  Meeting  of  the  said  people  held  in  Caroline, 
and  the  said  Alfred  Eicks,  taking  the  said  Mary  Ann  Terrell  by 
the  hand,  did  on  this  solemn  occasion  openly  declare,  that  he  took 
her,  the  said  Mary  Ann  Terrell,  to  be  Ms  wife,  promising,  through 
Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  her  a  faithful  and  affectionate  hus- 
band until  death.  And  then,  in  the  same  asseml^ly,  the  said  Mary 
Ann  Terrell  did  in  like  manner  declare  that  she  took  him,  the  said 
x\lfred  Eicks,  to  he  her  husband,  promising,  through  Divine  as- 
sistance, to  be  unto  him  a  faithful  and  affectionate  wife  until  death, 
and,  moreover,  they,  the  said  Alfred  Eicks  and  Mary  Ann  Terrell 
(she,  according  to  custom  of  marriage,  assuming  the  name  of  her 
husband),  did,  as  a  further  confirmation  thereof,  then  and  there 
to  these  presents  set  their  hands.  And  we  whose  names  are  here- 
unto subscribed,  being  present  at  the  solemnization  of  the  said  mar- 
riage and  subscription,  have  as  witnesses  set  our  hands,  the  day  and 
year  above  wi'itten. 

Alfred  Eicks^ 
Mary  Ann  Eicks. 

Witnesses: — Amelia  H.  "Winston,  Deborah  Pretlow,  Margaret 
Vaughan,  Nancy  Terrell,  Sarah  Ann  Harris,  Bowling  Vaughan, 
Williamson  Talley,  Lemuel  Terrell,  Thomas  Terrell,  Mary  W. 
Eicks,  Isabella  Harris,  Sally  Terrell,  Anna  L.  Vaughan,  Eobert 
Terrell,  George  F.  Terrell,  John  Bell,  Eobert  Scott,  Jr.,  Kittie  P. 
Terrell,  Anna  L.  Terrell,  Samuel  Terrell,  Benj.  Jas.  Harris,  Thom- 
as Harris,  John  L.  Vaughan,  George  Winston,  Jr.,  Eobert 
Eicks,  Jr. 


Whereas,  Oswin  White,  son  of  Thomas  and  Martha  E.  White 
(the  former  deceased),  in  the  County  of  Perquimmans  and  State 
of  North  Carolina,  and  Elizabeth  H.  Eicks,  daughter  of  Alfred  and 
Mary  A.  Eicks  (the  former  deceased),  in  the  County  of  Caroline 
and  State  of  Virginia,  having  in  writing  laid  their  intentions  of 


MARRIAGES.  65 

marriage  with  each  other  before  a  Monthly  Meeting  of  the  Eelig- 
ious  Society  of  Friends,  held  at  Eichmond,  and  having  consent  of 
parents,  their  said  proposal  of  marriage  was  allowed  of  by  the  said 
meeting. 

Now,  these  are  to  certify  whom  it  may  concern,  that  for  the  full 
accomplishment  of  their  said  intentions,  this  the  9th  day  of  the 
First  month  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  One  Thousand  Eight  Hundred 
and  Sixty-one  they,  the  said  Oswin  White  and  Elizabeth  H.  Ricks, 
appeared  in  a  meeting  of  the  said  people  held  at  Eichmond,  and 
the  said  Oswin  White,  taldng  the  said  Elizabeth  H.  Eicks  by  the 
hand,  did  openly  declare  that  he  took  her,  the  said  Elizabeth  H. 
Eicks,  to  be  his  wife,  promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto 
her  a  loving  and  faithful  husband  until  death  should  separate  them, 
and  then,  in  the  same  assembly,  the  said  Elizabeth  H.  Eicks  did  in 
like  manner  declare  that  she  took  him,  the  said  Oswin  White,  to  be 
her  husband,  promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  him  a 
loving  and  faithful  wife  until  death  should  separate  them.  And, 
moreover,  the  said  Oswin  Wliite  and  Elizabeth  H.  Eicks  (she,  ac- 
cording to  custom  of  marriage,  assuming  the  latter  name  of  her 
husband),  did,  as  a  further  confirmation  thereof,  then  and  there 
to  these  presents  set  their  hands.  And  we  being  present,  subscribed 
our  names  as  witnesses. 

OswiN"  White^ 
Elizabeth  E.  White. 

Witnesses: — Ada  C.  Butler,  Octavia  A.  Whitlock,  Judith  A. 
Crenshaw,  Nannie  J.  Pleasants,  Micajah  Bates,  Samuel  Sinton, 
Mary  J.  Crenshaw,  Jos.  P.  Elliott,  Julia  W.  Eicks,  Pattie  A.  Bates, 
Jane  C.  Whitlock,  Eliza  J".  Pleasants,  E.  H.  Whitlock,  Geo.  D. 
Harwood,  Wm.  L.  Elliott,  E.  A.  White,  Mary  W.  Eicks,  Eichard  A. 
Eicks,  Elizabeth  P.  Harwood,  Mollie  C.  Lyne,  Wm.  H.  Pleasants, 
John  B.  Crenshaw,  Nath.  C.  Crenshaw,  Eobt.  H.  Whitlock,  Walter 
F.  Pleasants. 


Whereas,  John  Pretlow,  of  the  County  of  Southampton,  State 
of  Virginia,  son  of  Joseph  and  Mary  Pretlow  (deceased),  and  De- 
borah Eicks,  daughter  of  Alfred  and  Mary  Ann  Eicks  (the  former 
deceased),  of  Caroline  County,  having  in  writing  laid  their  inten- 
tions of  marriage  with  each  other  before  a  Monthly  Meeting  of  the 


66  MARRIAGES. 

Keligious  Society  of  Friends,  held  at  Riclimond,  and  having  con- 
sent of  parents,  their  said  proposal  of  marriage  was  allowed  of  by 
the  said  meeting. 

Now,  these  arc  to  certify  whom  it  may  concern,  that  for  the  full 
accomplishment  of  their  said  intentions,  this  the  9th  day  of  the 
Second  month  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  Eighteen  Hundred  and 
Sixty-five,  they,  the  said  John  Pretlow  and  Deborah  Eicks,  appear- 
ed in  a  meeting  of  the  said  people,  held  at  Prospect  Hill,  the  resi- 
dence of  Mary  Ann  Eicks  in  Caroline  County,  and  the  said  John 
Pretlow,  taking  the  said  Deborah  Eicks  by  the  hand,  did  openly 
declare  that  he  took  her,  the  said  Deborah  Eicks,  to  be  his  wife, 
promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  her  a  loving  and  faith- 
ful husband  until  death  should  separate  them.  And  then,  in  the 
same  assembly,  the  said  Deborah  Eicks  did  in  like  manner  declare 
that  she  took  him,  the  said  John  Pretlow,  to  be  her  husband,  prom- 
ising, with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  him  a  loving  and  faithful 
wife  until  death  should  separate  them.  And,  moreover,  they,  the 
said  John  Pretlow  and  Deborah  Eicks  (she,  according  to  the  cus- 
tom of  marriage,  assuming  the  latter  name  of  her  husband),  did,  as 
a  further  confirmation  thereof,  then  and  there  to  these  presents  set 
their  hands. 

John  Pretlow, 
Deborah  Pretlow. 

Witnesses: — Jane  C.  Wliitlock,  Judith  A.  Crenshaw,  John  B. 
Crenshaw,  Joseph  J.  Pleasants,  Mary  J.  D.  Crenshaw,  Emma 
Scott,  M.  0.  McLaughlin,  Deborah  A.  Crenshaw,  H.  Virginia 
AVliitlock,  Pattie  A.  Bates,  Maria  L.  Scott,  Henry  Bates,  Samuel 
B.  Pretlow,  Eobt.  H.  Whitlock,  Joel  Cook,  Walter  F.  Pleasants, 
Achilles  D.  Johnson,  Thomas  C.  Hackett,  Mary  Ann  Eicks,  Mai-y 
W.  Eicks,  Ella  T.  Eicks,  Walter  A.  Eicks,  Julia  W.  Eicks. 


Whereas,  Bowling  H.  Winston,  of  Sugar  Eiver  Monthly  Meet- 
ing, in  the  County  of  Montgomery,  in  the  State  of  Indiana,  son  of 
Pleasant  and  Elizabeth  C.  Winston  (the  latter  deceased),  of  the 
State  of  Indiana,  and  Julia  W.  Eicks,  daughter  of  Alfred  and 
Mary  Ann  Eicks  (the  former  deceased),  of  the  State  of  Virginia, 
having  in  writing  laid  their  intentions  of  marriage  with  each  other 
before  a  Monthly  Meeting  of  the  Eeligious  Society  of  Friends,  held 


MARRIAGES.  67 

at  Cedar  Creek,  State  of  Virginia,  and  having  consent  of  parents, 
their  said  proposal  of  marriage  was  allowed  of  by  the  said  meeting. 
Now,  these  are  to  certify  whom  it  may  concern,  that  for  the  full 
accomplishment  of  their  said  intentions,  this  the  11th  day  of  the 
Seventh  month  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  One  Thousand  Eight  Hun- 
dred and  Sixty-six,  they,  the  said  Bowling  H.  Winston  and  Julia 
W.  Eicks,  appeared  in  a  meeting  of  the  said  people,  held  at  Eich- 
mond,  and  the  said  Bowling  H.  Winston,  taking  the  said  Julia  W. 
Eicks  by  the  hand,  did  openly  declare  that  he  took  her,  the  said 
Julia  W.  Eicks,  to  be  his  wife,  promising,  with  Divine  assistance, 
to  be  unto  her  a  loving  and  faithful  husband  until  death  should 
separate  them.  And  then,  in  the  same  assembly,  the  said  Julia  W. 
Eicks  did  in  like  manner  declare  that  she  took  him,  the  said  Bowl- 
ing H.  Winston,  to  be  her  husband,  promising,  with  Divine  assist- 
ance, to  be  unto  him  a  loving  and  faithful  wife  until  death  should 
separate  them.  And,  moreover,  they,  the  said  Bowling  H.  Wins- 
ton and  Julia  W.  Eicks  (she,  according  to  the  custom  of  marriage, 
assuming  the  latter  name  of  her  husband),  did,  as  a  further  con- 
flnnation  thereof,  then  and  there  to  these  presents  set  their  hands. 
And  we  being  present,  subscribed  our  names  as  witnesses. 

Bowling  H.  Winston, 
Julia  W.  Winston. 

Witnesses: — Elizabeth  P.  Harwood,  Wm.  H.  Pleasants,  Ellen 
P.  Pedin,  Eliza  J.  Pleasants,  Ann  Sumner,  Jane  C.  Wliitlock, 
John  W.  Turner,  Deborah  A.  Crenshaw,  John  B.  Crenshaw,  Judith 
A.  Crenshaw,  Eobt.  H.  Whitlock,  Henry  Bates,  Mica j ah  Bates, 
John  Pretlow,  Oswin  White,  Eichard  A.  Eicks,  Walter  A.  Eicks, 
Mary  J.  Whitlock,  Mary  W,  Eicks,  E.  C.  Winston,  M.  S.  Wliit- 
lock, Pattie  A.  Bates,  Lucie  K.  Butler,  H.  Virginia  Wliitlock,  Sal- 
lie  Worthington,  Joel  Cook. 


Whereas,  Eichard  A.  Eicks,  of  Caroline  County,  State  of  Vir- 
ginia, son  of  Alfred  and  Mary  A.  Eicks  (both  deceased),  of  the 
aforesaid  County  and  State,  and  Martha  S.  Whitlock,  daughter  of 
Eichard  H.  and  Jane  C.  Wliitlock  (the  former  deceased),  of  the 
City  of  Eichmond,  State  of  Virginia,  having  in  writing  laid  their 
intentions  of  marriage  with  each  other  before  a  Monthly  Meeting 
of  the  Eeligious  Society  of  Friends,  held  at  Eichmond,  and  having 


68  MARRIAGES. 

consent  of  surviving  parent,  their  said  proposal  of  marriage  was 
allowed  of  by  the  said  meeting. 

Now  these  are  to  certify  that  for  the  full  accomplishment  of  their 
said  intentions,  this,  the  eleventh  day  of  the  Sixth  month  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord  One  Thousand  Eight  Hundred  and  Seventy-three, 
they,  the  said  Eichard  A.  Eicks  and  Martha  S.  Whitlock,  appeared 
in  a  meeting  of  the  said  people  held  at  Eichmond,  and  the  said 
Kichard  A.  Eicks,  taking  the  said  ]\Iartha  S.  WQiitlock  by  the  hand, 
did  openly  declare  that  he  took  her,  the  said  Martha  S.  Whitlock, 
to  be  his  wife,  promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  her  a 
loving  and  faithful  husband  until  death  should  separate  them.  And 
then,  in  the  same  assembly,  the  said  Martha  S.  Wliitlock  did  in  like 
manner  declare  that  she  took  him,  the  said  Eichard  A.  Eicks,  to  be 
her  husband,  promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  him  a 
loving  and  faithful  wife  until  death  should  separate  them.  And. 
moreover,  they,  the  said  Eichard  A.  Eicks  and  Martha  S.  Whitlock 
(she,  according  to  the  custom  of  marriage,  assuming  tlie  latter 
name  of  her  husband) ,  did,  as  a  further  confirmation  thereof,  then 
and  there  to  these  presents  set  their  hands.  And  we  being  present, 
subscribe  our  names  as  witnesses. 

Eichard  A.  Eicks, 
Martha  S.  Eicks. 

Witnesses  : — M.  J.  Vest,  Kate  Crenshaw,  Sallie  S.  Summerell, 
Jane  C.  AVliitlock,  Deborah  E.  Pretlow,  Martha  A.  Bates,  John  B. 
Crenshaw,  I.  H.  Holladay,  Sallie  B.  Leeds,  A.  St.  C.  Butler,  M.  J. 
^Vlritlock,  Ella  T.  Eicks,  G.  W.  Taylor,  0.  A.  Whitlock,  M.  Bates, 
Emma  E.  Hall,  E.  H.  Whitlock,  Cora  B.  Butler,  Judith  A.  Cren- 
shaw, M.  E.  Crenshaw,  I.  J.  Hawkes,  M.  D.,  Laura  P.  Hall,  James 
G.  Whitlock,  Ellen  P.  Pedin,  Frank  T.  Bates,  Wm.  J.  Hart,  Sam- 
uel Sinton,  David  Jordan,  Maggie  Bates,  Henry  A.  Pleasants,  Sam- 
uel A.  Swann,  H.  V.  Whitlock,  Isaac  Hawkes,  James  W.  Pedin,  W. 
A.  Eicks,  John  C.  Winston,  Mary  Willetts,  Jeremiah  Willetts, 
Eloise  Carpenter,  Julia  W.  Winston,  Ellen  Harwood,  Deborah  C. 
Leeds,  Charles  E.  Whitlock,  E.  P.  Harwood,  James  H.  Crenshaw, 
S.  J.  Harwood,  Geo.  D.  Harwood. 


Whereas,  Eichard  A.  Eicks,  of  Caroline  County,  State  of  Vir- 
ginia, son  of  Alfred  and  Mary  A.  Eicks   (both  deceased),  of  the 


MARRIAGES.  69 

aforesaid  County  and  State,  and  Eliza  C.  Crenshaw,  daughter  of 
John  B.  and  Eachel  H.  Crenshaw  (the  latter  deceased),  of  the 
County  of  Henrico,  State  of  Virginia,  having  declared  their  inten- 
tions of  marriage  with  each  other  before  a  Monthly  Meeting  of  the 
Eeligious  Society  of  Friends  held  at  Eichmond,  and  having  consent 
of  surviving  parent,  their  said  proposal  of  marriage  was  allowed  of 
by  the  said  meeting. 

Now  these  are  to  certify  to  whom  it  may  concern,  that  for  the 
full  accomplishment  of  their  said  intentions  this,  the  twenty-third 
day  of  the  Sixth  month,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  One  Thousand 
Eight  Hundred  and  Eighty-one,  they,  the  said  Eichard  A.  Eicks 
and  Eliza  C.  Crenshaw,  appeared  in  a  Public  Meeting  of  the  said 
people  held  at  Eichmond,  and  the  said  Eichard  A.  Eicks,  taking 
the  said  Eliza  C.  Crenshaw  by  the  hand,  did  on  this  solemn  occasion 
openly  declare  that  he  took  her,  the  said  Eliza  C.  Crenshaw,  to  be 
his  wife,  promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  her  a  loving 
and  faithful  husband  until  death  should  separate  them;  and  then, 
in  the  same  assembly,  the  said  Eliza  C.  Crenshaw  did  in  like  man- 
ner declare  that  she  took  him,  the  said  Eichard  A.  Eicks,  to  be  her 
husband,  promising,  with  Divine  assistance,  to  be  unto  him  a  lov- 
ing and  faithful  wife  until  death  should  separate  them.  And, 
moreover,  they,  the  said  Eichard  A.  Eicks  and  Eliza  C.  Crenshaw 
(she,  according  to  the  custom  of  marriage,  assuming  the  name  of 
her  husband) ,  did,  as  a  further  confirmation  thereof,  then  and  there 
to  these  presents  set  their  hands.  And  we  whose  names  are  here- 
unto subscribed,  being  present  at  the  solemnization  of  the  said  mar- 
riage and  subscription,  have  as  witnesses  thereto  set  our  hands,  the 
day  and  year  above  written.  Eichard  A.  Eicks, 

Eliza  C.  Eicks. 

Witnesses  : — John  B.  Crenshaw,  Judith  A.  Crenshaw,  Nathl. 
B.  Crenshaw,  Deborah  C.  Leeds,  Josiah  W.  Leeds,  Margt.  E.  Cren- 
shaw, James  H.  Crenshaw,  M.  Belle  Crenshaw,  J.  Belle  Crenshaw, 
Sara  W.  Crenshaw,  Elizabeth  H.  White,  Deborah  E.  Pretlow,  Ella 
T.  Eicks,  J.  D.  Pretlow,  Mary  J.  D.  Pretlow,  Sallie  B.  Leeds,  W.  H. 
Pleasants,  I.  J.  Hawkes,  Geo.  D.  Pleasants,  Wm.  F.  Terrell,  Mrs. 
J.  C,  Hann,  Mrs.  Leroy  A.  Crenshaw,  A.  L.  Pleasants,  A.  J.  Pleas- 
ants, Charles  H.  Corey,  Mabel  Burruss,  0.  A.  Wliitlock,  E.  H. 
Whitlock,  Eliza  J.  Pleasants,  Sadie  B.  Leeds,  Chas.  K.  Willis,  Sam- 


70  MARHIAGES. 

uel  B.  Lucy,  Annie  M.  Hill,  Elvira  M.  Hawkes,  Mary  Louisa  But- 
ler, Maggie  A.  Ferrell,  M.  M.  Terrell,  C.  G.  Paleske,  Mrs.  Thos.  W. 
Sydnor,  Jane  C.  Wliitlock,  Lucy  K.  Butler,  D.  C.  Eichardson,  John 
C.  Winston,  John  P.  Bates,  J.  A.  Terrell,  E.  P.  Harwood,  Wm.  M. 
CouUing,  Frank  T.  Bates,  Rowland  Hill,  Samuel  Sinton,  Mrs.  E. 
L.  Crensliaw,  IMary  J.  Whitlock,  H.  A.  Pleasants,  Austin  C.  Leeds, 
James  G.  Whitlock,  Jos.  J.  Pleasants. 


To  Friends  at  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting,  Hanover  County,  Va. 

Dear  Friends: 

Our  Esteemed  Friend,  David  Terrell,  a  member  of  our  Meeting, 
being  about  to  join  in  marriage  with  Patty  Johnson,  a  member  of 
yours,  requests  our  Certificate  for  the  purpose ;  tliis  may  certify  on 
liis  behalf  that,  on  enquiring,  we  do  not  find  anything  to  hinder  his 
proceeding  therein. 

Signed  on  behalf  of  South  River  Monthly  Meeting,  held  this  19th 
day  of  the  1st  Month,  1793.  Achillis  Douglas,  Clerk. 

To  the  Monthly  Meeting  at  White  Oak  Sivamp  in  Henrico  County. 

Dear  Friends  : 

Jesse  Terrell  having  requested  our  Certificate  in  order  to  join 
in  marriage  with  a  member  of  your  meeting,  these  are  to  certify 
on  his  behalf  that  he  hath  a  right  of  membership  amongst  us,  and 
is  clear  of  marriage  engagements  as  far  as  we  know. 

Signed  in,  and  by  direction  of  our  Monthly  Meeting,  held  at  Ce- 
dar Creek,  in  Hanover  county,  tbe  8th  of  the  3rd  Month,  1794. 

MiCAJAH  Crew^  Clerk. 

To  Friends  of  Henrico  Monthly  Meeting. 

Dear  Friends  : 

Samuel  Terrell  having  requested  our  Certificate  in  order  to  ac- 
complish his  marriage  with  a  member  of  youj*  meeting,  we  have  to 
inform  you  that  he  is  a  member  of  this  meeting ;  he  has  the  consent 
of  parents  and  friends  concerned  and  is  clear  of  all  other  marriage 
engagements  as  far  as  appears  to  us;  we,  therefore,  recommend 
him  in  his  undertaking  to  your  Christian  care  and  regard,  and  re- 
main your  friends  and  brethren. 

Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  our  Monthly  Meeting,  held  at  Cedar 
Creek,  in  Hanover  county,  the  12th  of  the  4th  Month,  1800. 

Benjamin  Bates,  Jr.,  Clerk. 


MARRIAGES.  71 


MAEEIAGE  CERTIFICATES  OF  SOUTH  RIVER  MONTHLY 

MEETING.*    bEOFORP    Co.,^Jr\- 


WiLLiAM  Ballard  and  Rachel  Moorman  were  married  at  South 
River  Meeting-house  8-25-1768. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  Zach 
Moorman,  Micajah  Moorman,  Charles  Moorman,  Clark  Moorman, 
Gillis  Moorman,  Benjamin  Johnson,  William  Johnson,  Byrum  Bal- 
lard, Thomas  Ballard,  Bowling  Clark,  Micajah  Terrell,  Christopher 
Anthony,  Henry  Tate,  Sarah  Terrell,,  Winifred  Clark,  Susanna 
Johnson,  Eleanor  Ballard,  Martha  Ferrall,  Martha  Ferrall,  Jr., 
Betty  Moorman,  Susanna  Moorman,  Lucy  Johnson,  Elizabeth 
Ferrall,  Sarah  Tate,  Penelope  Johnson,  Mary  Ferrall,  Mary  Tim- 
berlake,  Judith  Goode,  Agnes  Clark. 


William  Ballard  and  Elizabeth  Anthony  were  married  at 
South  River  Meeting-house  4-24-1788. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Mary 
Anthony,  Molley  Anthony,  Mary  Ballard,  Anna  Sea,  Mary  Johnson, 
Judith  Ballard,  Phebe  Stanton,  Penelope  Johnson,  Salley  Johnson, 
Robert  Hanna,  Ashley  Johnson,  James  Candler,  Elizabeth  Doug- 
las, Betty  Johnson,  Jane  Gipson,  Hepzabih  Holloway,  Edward 
Lynch,  Christopher  Anthony,  Jr.,  Christopher  Anthony,  Christo- 
pher Johnson,  Achillis  Douglas,  William  Johnson,  William  Ballard, 
John  Lynch,  William  Stanton,  John  Candler,  Mary  Lynch,  Matilda 
Lynch,  Mary  Timberlake,  Rachel  Ballard,  Sarah  Tate  Anthony, 
Barclay  Ballard,  Moses  Cadwalader,  Jr.,  Charles  Anthony,  John 
Timberlake,  William  Clement,  Robert  Johnson,  Timothy  Johnson, 
Sarah  H.  Tate. 


Byrum  Ballard  and  Sarah  Hutton  were  married  at  South  River 
Meeting-house  9-20-1792. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :     Minto 
P.  Perdue,  Christopher    Anthony,    James    Erwin,    Mary    Embree, 

♦The  form  of  the  certificate  of  marriage  amongst  Quakers  is  substantially  the 
same  in  all  cases,  and  the  abridgement  here  of  the  form  is  made  to  save  space  and 
useless  repetition. 


72        ,  MARRIAGES. 

Elizabeth  Embree,  Sarah  Turner,  Sarah  Lewis,  Elizabeth  Turner, 
Newman  Eugris,  James  Mazley,  Edward  Tend,  William  Pidgeon, 
Evan  Lewis,  Esther  Eichards,  Elijah  Eichards,  Delia  Turner,  Joel 
Lewis,  Sarah  Lewis,  Hannah  Larrew,  Mary  Anthony,  Nathan  Hale, 
Samuel  Oliphant,  Jesse  Lewis,  Polley  Haynes,  Henry  Thurman, 
Magdalen  Erwin,  Susanna  Perdue,  Mary  Erwin,  Alice  Bond,  Ee- 
bekah  Moorlan,  Eachel  Coffee,  Thomas  Cadwalader,  Moses  Embree, 
Euth  Paxon,  Benjamin  Paxon,  Elizabeth  Hamner,  Joseph  Evoute, 
Eachel  Pidgeon,  Jolm  Coffee,  Nancy  Moorlan,  Moses  Cadwalader, 
William  Ballard,  Jr.,  Amos  Ballard,  Jesse  Cadwalader,  Mourning 
Ballard,  Elizabeth  Ballard,  Euth  Cadwalader. 


William  Blocksom  and  Mary  Butler  were  married  at  South 
Eiver  Meeting-house  1-21-1795. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Agatha 
Johnson,  Patty  Terrell,  Mary  Johnson,  Sarah  Johnson,  Nancy 
Davis,  Susannah  Terrell,  Elizabeth  Pidgeon,  Harrison  Eatcliff, 
William  Johnson,  Gideon  Blocksom,  Jonathan  Butler,  John  W. 
Johnson,  Charles  Smith,  Isaac  Pidgeon,  Thomas  M.  Clark,  Mary 
Davis,  Drusilla  Crew,  Sally  Butler,  Mildred  Eatcliff,  Nancy  Butler, 
Mary  Blocksom,  Eichard  Bloxsom,  Sr.,  James  Butler,  Nicholas 
Crew,  David  Terrell,  Abner  Grigg,  Wm.  Johnson,  Eichard  Block- 
som. 


Joseph  Bradfield  and  Cynthia  Cary  were  married  at  South 
Eiver  Meeting-house  9-13-1798. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  Martha 
Baugham,  Mary  Lynch,  Mary  Terrell,  Sarah  Millburn,  Elizabeth 
Lea,  Jesse  Williams,  Joseph  Fisher,  Jr.,  Benjamin  Hanna,  Thomas 
Maddox,  John  Bradfield,  William  Butler,  Samuel  Carey,  Eachel 
Cary,  Sarah  Cary,  John  Cary,  John  Fisher. 


Thomas  Burgess,  son  of  Joseph  Burgess,  and  Betsy  Hendrick, 

daughter  of  Moses  Hendrick,  of  the  County  of  Halifax,  were 

married  at  Banister  Meeting-house,  in  the  County  of  Halifax, 

lO-lG-1791. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:    Eobert 

Planna,  Ashley  Johnson,  Betsy  Anderson,  Sally  Slaughter,  Daniel 


MARRIAGES.  73 

Terry,  George  Wood,  Daniel  Easly,  Kachel  Anderson,  Joseph  Kir- 
by,  Anna  Anderson,  Edith  Easly,  Joseph  Fisher. 


Thomas  Bailey  and  Elizabeth  Timberlake  were  married  at 
South  Eiver  Meeting-house  6-16-1803. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  Lydia 
Johnson,  Susanna  Ballard,  Polly  Timberlake,  Hannah  Pennock, 
Mary  Butler,  Sarah  Johnson,  Priscilla  Butler,  James  Stanton, 
James  Martin,  John  Timberlake,  Jonathan  Johnson,  Josiah  Bailey, 
John  Pennock. 


Josiah  Bailey,  of    Campbell    County,    and    Susanna   Ballard, 
daughter  of  Barclay  and  Judith  Ballard,  of  Bedford  County, 
were  married  at  Ivy  Creek  Meeting-house,  in  Bedford  County, 
7-15-1804. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :    Thomas 
Johnson,  Johnson  Ballard,  William  Butler,  Amos  Holloway,  Nich- 
olas Johnson,  Benjamin  Johnson,  John  Swinney,  Joseph  Johnson, 
Ehoda   Johnson,   Agatha   Johnson,    Hepsabeth   Holloway,    Salley 
Macey,  Betsy  Butterworth,  Kancy  Johnson,  Susanna  Stone. 


William  Ballard,  son  of  Barclay  and  Judith  Ballard,  of  Bedford 
County,  and  ISTancy  Butterworth,    daughter    of    Benjamin 
and  Eachel  Butterworth,  of  Campbell  County,  Virginia,  were 
married  at  South  Eiver  Meeting-house  11-14-1805. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :    Barclay 
Ballard,  Benjamin  Butterworth,  James  Ballard,  William  Stanton, 
James  Candler,  John  P.  Swinney,  Edward  Lynch,  Timothy  Grew- 
ell,  Isaac  Pidgeon,  Polly  Butterworth,  Betsy  Butterworth,  Polly 
Ballard,  Huldah  Stanton,  Fancy  Johnson,  Deborah  Douglas,  Mil- 
dred Eatcliff . 


Daniel  Burgess,  son  of  Joseph  and  Deborah  Burgess,  of  the  Coun- 
ty of  Campbell,  and  Euth  Milliner,  daughter  of  Beverly  and 
Ann  Milliner,  of  Halifax  County,  were  married  at  South  Eiver 
Meeting-house  11-14-1805. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Wil- 
liam Stanton,  Barclay  Ballard,  Stephen  Butler,  Mary  Butler,  Enoch 


74  MARRIAGES. 

Roberts,  Isaac  Pidgeon,  Polly  Burgess,  Grace  Plummer,  Thomas 
Burgess,  Jolm  Burgess,  Joseph  Burgess,  Jr. 


James  Ballahd.  son  of  Barclay  and  Judith  Ballard,  of  Bedford 

County,  and  Betsy  Butterworth^  of  Campbell  County,  were 

married  at  South  Eiver  Meeting-house  2-13-1806. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Wil- 

ham  Ballard,  Benjamin    Butterworth,    Josiah    Bailey,    Jonathan 

Johnson,  William  Butler,  John  Lynch,  James  S.  Butler,  Thomas 

Burgess,  Wm.  Davis,  Jr.,  Polly  Butterworth,  Milley  Butterworth, 

Nancy  Ballard,  Susanna  Bailey,    Mildred    Eatcliff,    Anna    Lynch. 

Matilda  Eoberts,  Druscilla  Burgess,  Sally  Lodge,  Mildred  Tyree, 

Judith  Johnson,  Betsy  Douglass,  Alice  Grewell,  Mary  Butler,  Za- 

linda  Davis,  William  Stanton. 


William  Butler,  son  of  Stephen  and  Mary  Butler,  and  Nancy 
Johnson,  daughter  of  William  and  Susanna  Johnson,  both  of 
Campbell  County,  were  married  at  South  River  Meeting-house 
4-15-1806. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Lat- 
ham Stanton,  Stephen  Butler.  Jr.,  Edward  Butler,  Jonathan  But- 
ler, Harrison  Eatcliff,  Deborah    Butler,    Jeptha    Johnson,    Enoch 
Roberts,  William  Johnson,  Jr.,  Mary  Butler,  Susannah  Johnson, 
Sarah  Lodge,  Huldah  Stanton,  Elizabeth  Douglas,  Newby  Johnson, 
Sarah  Johnson,  Matilda  Roberts,  Mary  Douglas,  Zalinda  Davis, 
Jonathan  Johnson,  Stephen  Butler,  William  Johnson,  Sr.,  Robert 
Johnson,  Deljorah  Douglas,    Elizabeth    Douglas,    Sarah    Johnson, 
Judith  Johnson. 


Joseph  C.  Burgess,  son  of  Jonathan   and   Margaret  Burgess,   of 
Campbell  County  (Margaret  deceased),  and  Martha  John- 
son, daughter  of  Christopher  and  Sarah  Johnson   (both  de- 
ceased), of  Bedford  County,    were   married    at    South    River 
Meeting-house  4-13-1808. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:    Stephen 
Butler,  Josiah  Bailey,  Jonathan  Burgess,  Charles  T.  Arthur,  Thom- 
as Burgess,  Benjamin  Johnson,  Nicholas  Johnson,  Joseph  Johnson, 
Samuel  Fisher,  Daniel  Burgess,  John  IL  Moorman,  Caleb  Johnson, 


MARRIAGES. 


75 


Nancy  Johnson,  Matilda  Johnson,  Elizabeth  Fisher,  Mary  Burgess, 
Betty  Burgess,  Ehoda  Johnson,  Agatha  Johnson,  Susanna  Bailey, 
James  Mallory. 


Steven  Butlee,  son  of  Stephen  and  Mary  Butler,  of  the  town  of 

Lynchburg,  and  Louisa  Bailey,  daughter  of  Exom  and  Ta- 

bitha   Bailey,   were  married   at    South   River   Meeting-house 

12-13-1821. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Lil- 

bourn  Johnson,  William  Butler,  William  Davis,  Jonathan  Johnson, 

William  Davis,  Jr.,  James  S.  Butler,  AchilUs  M.  Douglas,  William 

Butler,  Jr.,  Daniel  Johnson,  John   L.    Douglas,    John   L.    Davis, 

Micajah  T.  Johnson,  Mary  A.  Davis,  Deborah  Butler,  Ann  Eliza 

Bailey,  Delitha  Butler,  Sarah  Johnson,    Sarah    L.    Davis,    Sarah 

Snead,  Mary  Jane  Adams,  Anselm  D.  Johnson. 


Tristram  Coggshall  and  Lucy  Terrell,  of  Campbell  County, 
were  married  at  South  Kiver  Meeting-house  3-21-1790. 
The  following  mtnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Sarah 
Terrell,  William  Johnson,  Byrum  Ballard,  Mary  Davis,  Samuel 
Davis,  Betty  Hendrake,  Susanna  Johnson,  Dosha  Moorman,  Nancy 
Moorman,  Achillis  Douglas,  Mary  Betts,  Ann  Fowler,  Elizabeth 
Douglas,  Betty  Johnson,  John  Paxon,  Thomas  Bedford,  John 
Candler,  Jr.,  William  Bloxom,  Eachel  Paxon,  Mary  Baughan,  Anna 
Terrell,  Euth  Pidgeon,  Sarah  Tennison,  Sarah  Johnson,  Susanna 
Davis,  Sarah  Johnson,  William  Stanton,  WilUam  Davis,  Eachel 
Ballard,  Sarah  Hutton,  James  Candler,  Henry  Terrell,  Eobert 
Hanna,  Ashley  Johnson,  Eichard  Bloxom,  Eobert  Johnson. 


Moses  Cadwalader,  Jr.,  and  Mary  Ballard,  of  Bedford  County, 
were  married  at  South  Eiver  Meeting-house  5-23-1792. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Joseph 
Teazel,  Abigal  Moorlan,  Eebecca  Morland,  Elizabeth  Teazel,  Susan 
Morlan,  Thomas  Davis,  Henry  Hurt,  Joseph  Moorland,  Polly 
Haynes,  Stephen  Moorland,  Christopher  Anthony,  Ann  Moorland, 
Mevory  Anthony,  Annis  Davis,  Sarah  Johnson,  Eachel  Pidgeon, 
Eachel  Coffee,  Sarali  Hutton,  Euth  Cadwalader,  Judith  Ballard, 


76  MARRIAGES. 

Elizabeth  Ballard.  William  Pidgeori;,  Samuel  Davis,  Moses  Cad- 
walader,  ]\Iary  Cadwalader,  Joseph  Wright,  Philip  Teazle,  Aden 
Moorland,  Moses  Hurt,  Byrum  Ballard,  Thomas  Cadwalader,  Jesse 
Cadwalader. 


Mahlon  Cadwalader,  son  of  Thomas  and  Jane  Cadwalader,  and 
Elizabeth  Douglas,  daughter  of  Achillis  and  Elizabeth 
Douglas,  were  married  at  South  Eiver  Meeting-house 
6-10-1809. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  Achil- 
lis Douglas,  Thomas  Cadwalader,  Joseph  Stratton,  Jonathan  John- 
son, John  Lynch,  Sr.,  Eichard  Tyree,  Benjamin  Johnson,  Eeubin 
Moorman,  Isaac  Pidgeon,  Etchison  Grigsby,  Jonah  Cadwalader, 
Joel  Lewis,  Judith  Johnson,  Deborah  Douglas,  Mildred  Tyree, 
Polly  Lynch,  Penelope  Anthony,  Mary,  Butler,  Susanna  Johnson, 
Elizabeth  Cadwalader,  Sarah  Johnspn. 


William  Davis,  son  of  Samuel  and  Annis  Davis,  of  Bedford  Coun- 
ty, and  Zalinda  Davis,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  Lynch,  of 
Campbell  County,  were  married  at  South  Eiver  Meeting-house 
5-13-1793. 

The  names  of  witnesses :  William  Johnson,  Arch  Lacy,  William 
Stanton,  George  Eoberts,  Eobert  Hanna,  Catharine  Hanna,  Gerard 
Johnson,  Susanna  Miller,  Vernon  Metcalf,  Matilda  Eoberts,  Mary 
Terrell,  Ann  Terrell,  Sally  Lynch,  Elizabeth  Douglas,  Polly  Fow- 
ler, Sarah  Lodge,  Agatha  Dicks,  Elizabeth  Johnson,  John  Lynch, 
Samuel  Davis,  Enoch  Eoberts,  John  Davis,  Sr.,  Achillis  Douglas, 
Thomas  Davis,  Micajah,  Mary  Timberlake,  Gideon  Lea,  Ashley 
Johnson,  John  Baughan,  David  Johnson,  William  Dicks,  Ashley 
Johnson,  Jr.,  Edward  Terrell,  Newberry  Johnson,  Dudley  Cave, 
Penelope  Johnson,  Susanna  Johnson,  Millie  Johnson,  Eebecca 
Preston,  Joseph  Johnson,  Sarah  Terrell,  Mildred  Johnson,  Anna 
Lea,  Alice  Taylor,  Tace  Nichols,  Micajah  Terrell,  Jr.,  Samuel  Ter- 
rell, Eobert  Johnson,  Christopher  Johnson,  Eobert  Burton,  Isaac 
Parrish,  James  Martin,  Tace  Baugham,  Mary  Terrell,  Mourning 
Johnson. 


MAKKIAGES.  77 

Samuel  Erwin,  son  of  James  and  Mary  Erwin,  and  Sarah  Holms^ 
daughter  of  William  and  Mary  Holms,  were  married  at  Goose 
Creek  Meeting-house,  in  Bedford  County,  7-4-1793. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Mar- 
garet Dobyns,  Moses  Embree,  Joel  Lewis,  Sarah  Lewis,  Thomas 
Cadwalader,  Jane  Cadwalader,  Eachel  Pidgeon,  Ben  Paxon,  John 
Coffee,  Eachel  Coffee,  Will  Tuggle,  Moses  Cadwalader,  Carls  An- 
thony, Susanna  Erwin,  William  Pidgeon,  Mary  Bond,  Moses  Cad- 
walader, Jr.,  Samuel  Oliphant,  Esther  Eichards,  Benjamin  Bond, 
Euth  Cadwalader,  Hannah  Anthony,  Lucy  Phelps,  Betsy  Bobbitt, 
Sarah  Pidgeon,  Sally  Gregg,  Amos  Harris,  Elizabeth  Harris,  Jane 
Bobbitt,  James  Erwin,  Mary  Erwin,  Margaret  Harris,  Elizabeth 
Sehoby,  Jane  Erwin,  Mary  Harris,  Magdalen  Erwin,  Hanna  Har- 
ris, Daniel  McPherson,  Mary  McPherson,  Mary  Anthony,  Mary 
Burns,  James  Burns. 


Elias  Fisher,  son  of  Joseph  and  Ann  Fisher,  and  Hannah  Curle, 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Eebecca  Curie,  all  of  Campbell  Coun- 
ty, were  married  at  South  Eiver  Meeting-house  9-24-1793. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  Wm. 
Stanton,  Wm.  Johnson,  Gerard  Johnson,  Eobt.  Johnson,  Eobt.  Han- 
na, Eobt.  Wright,  Catharine  Hanna,  Abel  Lodge,  Benjamin  Hanna, 
Thomas  Hanna,  Jane  Tillus,  Elizabeth  Douglas,  Humphrey 
Baugham,  Sally  Lynch,  Elizabeth  Lea,  Ann  Leer,  Sarah  Johnson, 
Phebe  Stanton,  Martha  Baugham,  Sarah  Lodge,  Joseph  Curie,  Jos- 
eph Fisher,  Eobt.  Fisher,  John  Baugham,  Samuel  Fisher,  Samuel 
Cary,  Ann  Curie,  Tacy  Baugham,  Cynthia  Cary. 


John  Fisher,  son  of  Joseph  Fisher,  and  Eachel  James,  daughter 
of  Thomas  James,  of  the  County  of  Campbell,  were  married  at 
South  Eiver  Meeting-house  10-17-1799. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  Wil- 
liam Stanton,  Stephen  Butler,  Phebe  Stanton,  Mary  Butler,  Han- 
nah Fisher,  Mary  Holloway,  Joseph  Fisher,  Elias  Fisher,  Isaac 
James. 


78  MARRIAGES. 

NiMROD  Farguson,  son  of  Nimrod  Farguson,  and  Anna  Ander- 
son, daughter  of  John  Anderson  (all  of  Halifax),  were  mar- 
ried at  Bannister  Meeting-house  1-14-1801. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :     Daniel 
Easly,  Dudley  Milner,  James  Turpin,  John  Farguson,  Eichard  An- 
derson, Obed  Hendrick,  Abner  Gregg,  Edith  Kirby,  Judith  Ander- 
son, Mary  Parker,  Betsy  Parker,  Isaac  James,  Thomas  Burgess, 
Betsy  Burgess,  Mary  Milner,  Judith  Borum,  Orpha  Kirby,  Eachel 
Anderson. 


Samuel  Fisher,  son  of  Joseph  Fisher,  and  Elizabeth  Johnson, 
daughter  of  Benjamin  Johnson,  of  Bedford  County,  were  mar- 
ried at  Ivey  Creek  Meeting-house,  Bedford  County,  12-22-1803. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  certificate :    Benjamin  John- 
son,   John    Johnson,    Amos    Holloway,    William    Butler,    Joseph 
Fisher,  Elias  Fisher,  Betty  Burgess,  Tacy  Lodge,  Hannah  Fisher, 
Hepzabah  Holloway,  Sarah  Johnson,  Ann  Fisher. 


Amos  Holloway  and  Hepzibah  Stanton,  of  Campbell  County, 
were  married  at  South  Eiver  Meeting-house  10-20-1785. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  Wil- 
liam Stanton,  Wm.  Johnson,  Achillis  Douglas,  John  Fowler,  Ash- 
ley Johnson,  Wm.  Stanton,  Jr.,  James  Johnson,  Wm.  Ferrell,  Ma- 
tilda Lynch,  Mary  Lynch,  Latitia  Wileman,  EachfiLEalkrd,  Susan- 
na Johnson,  Eachel  Moorman,  Ann  Fowler,  Sarah  Johnson,  Euth 
Johnson,  Mary  Anthony,  Ann  Lea,  Elizabeth  Douglas,  Judith 
Feddell. 


William  Hallowat  and  Sar.\.h   Stanley,   of  Bedford   County, 

were  married  at  the  South  Eiver  Meeting-house,  in  Campbell 

County,  7-19-1790. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:    Micajah 

Davis,  Wm.  Stanton,  William  Ballard,  John  Lynch,  Eobeda  Han- 

na,  Abijah  Eichards,  Achillis   Douglas,    David   Terrell,    Tristram 

Coggshall,    William    Snead,    Mary    Betts,    Eachel    Coffee,    Euth 

Pidgeon,  Eachel  Pidgeon,  Sarah  Bloxom,  Susanna  Johnson,  Sarah 

Lewis,  Anna  Lea,  Eachel_£allard,  Amos  Holloway,  Wm.  Stanton, 

Catharine  Stanton,  Hepzibah  Halloway,  Jane  Johnson,  Elizabeth 

Douglas,  Sarah  Stanley. 


MAKRIAQES.  79 

Abner  Holloway  and  Betsy  Stanley,  of  the  CoTinty  of  Bedford, 
were  married  at  South  Eiver  Meeting-house  10-14-1797. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  Elias 
Fisher,  Jesse  Williams,  Aaron  Stanton,  Mourning  Johnson,  Sarah 
Cary,  Nancy  Ferrell,  William  Butler,  Elizabeth  Curie,  Christopher 
Johnson,  Eobt.  Hannah,  Eichard  Bloxsom,  Elizabeth  Hendricks, 
Benj.  Hanna,  John  Johnson,  Thos.  Hanna,  John  Lynch,  Amos 
Halloway,  Hapzibah  Holloway,  Wm.  Stanton,  Latham  Stanton, 
Huldah  Stanton,  Mary  Butler,  Mary  Halloway. 


Charles  Johnson  and  Molley  Moorman  (daughter  of  Zacheriah 
Moorman),  of  Bedford  County,  were  married  at  South  Eiver 
Meeting-house,  in  Campbell  County,  8-16-1778. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  Chris- 
topher Johnson,  Zachariah  Moorman,  William  Johnson,  Benj. 
Johnson,  Ashley  Johnson,  Benj.  Johnson,  Jr.,  Thomas  Moorman, 
^WijJiam^^Ballard,  John  Clarke,  Edward  Terrell,  Elijah  Bocock,  Jolin 
Lynch,  Christopher,  Edward  Clarke,  Samuel  Stanley,  Zedekiah 
Candler,  Lucy  Johnson,  Mary  Miller,  Elizabeth  Johnson,  Molley 
Johnson,  Mary  Ferrell,  Susanna  Johnson,  Miller  Moorman,  Eachel 
Moorman,  Eachel  Jolmson,  Anna  Bocock,  Agnes  Johnson,  Susanna 
Moorman,  Eachel^ Ballai'd,  Eachel  Moorman,  Sarah  Goode,  Mary 
Anthony,  Priscilla  Stanley,  Jane  Tillus,  Elizabeth  Terrell,  Ann 
Candler,  Mary  Terrell,  Elizabeth  Moorman. 


James  Johnson  and  Eachel  Moorman,  of  the  County  of  Bed- 
ford, were  married  3-18-1781. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  Micajah 
Moorman,  Eachel  Ballard,  James  Johnson,  Samuel  Johnson,  Bar- 


clay Ballard,  Judith  Ballard,  William  Johnson,  Christopher  John- 
son, Ashly  Johnson,  Benjamin  Johnson,  Henry  Moorman,  William 
Ferrell,  John  Lynch,  Micajah  Davis,  Charles  Johnson,  Mary  John- 
son, Milley  Moorman,  Penelo|>e  Johnson,  Elizabeth  Johnson, 
Christopher  Anthony,  David  Johnson,  Mary  Anthony,  William 
Davis. 


80  MARRIAGES. 

Joseph  Johnson  and  Agatha  Moorman,  daughter  of  Zachariah 
Moorman,    were    married    at     South    Eiver    Meeting-house 
4-17-1785. 
The  following  wdtnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :     Chris- 
topher Johnson,  John  Lynch,  William  Stanton,  Christopher  An- 
thony,   Ann    Candler,    Milley    Johnson,    Molly    Johnson,    James 
Johnson,  William  Davis,  Elizabeth  Douglas,  Judith  Ballard,  Susan- 
na Miller,  John  Candler,  Samuel  Davis,  Mary  Timberlake,  Eachel 
Johnson,  Mary  Johnson,  Salley  Johnson,  Samuel  Johnson,  Zach- 
ariah Moorman,  EachelBallard,  John  Johnson,  Eachel  Moorman, 
Achillis  Douglas,  Betty  Johnson,  Ann  Lay,  Susanna  Johnson. 


Samuel  Johnson,   of  the   County  of   Campbell,   and   Susanna 
Moorman^  of  said  County,  were  married  at  South  Eiver  Meet- 
ing-house 1-20-1788. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :    Eacjiei 
Ballardj  Judith  Ballard,  Ehoda  ]\Ioorman,  Dosha  Moorman,  Mi- 
cajah  Moorman,  John  Johnson,  David  Terrell,  Eleanor  Ballard, 
Elizabeth  Douglas,  Mary  Johnson,  Euth  Johnson,  Sarah  Johnson, 
Susanna  Miller,  Betsy  Johnson,  Charles  Moorman,  James  Johnson, 
William  Johnson,   Christopher  Anthony,   Samuel  Davis,   Micajah 
Davis,  ]\Iary  Anthony,  William  Ballard,  Christopher  Johnson,  Wil- 
liam Davis,  Charles  Brooke,    Achillis   Douglas,    Barclay    Ballard, 
Ashley  Jolmson. 


John  Johnson,  of  Bedford  County,   and   Ehoda   Moorman,   of 

Campbell,     were    married     at     South    Eiver    Meeting-house 

10-21-1789. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Micajah 

Moorman,  William  Johnson,  Joseph  Johnson,  Andrew  Moorman, 

James    Johnson,    Samuel    Johnson,    Thomas    Moorman,    William 

Bloxom,  Charles  Moorman,  Thomas  Johnson,  Moorman  Johnson, 

Thomas  Johnson,  Joseph  Stratton,  Samuel  Davis,  Eichard  Bloxom, 

Mary   Davis,   Annis   Davis,   Agatha   Johnson,    Susanna  Johnson, 

Betty  Moorman,  Dosha  Moorman,  Sarah  Stratton,  Milley  Johnson, 

Susanna  Johnson,   Nancy   Moorman,   Eachel  Johnson,   Prudence 

Moorman. 


MAKRIAGES.  81 

William  Johnson,  son  of  William  Johnson,  and  Sarah  Bloxom, 
daughter  of  Eichard  Bloxom,  all  of  Campbell  County,  were 
married  at  South  Eiver  Meeting-house  11-30-1791. 
Names  of  witnesses  to  marriage  certificate:     William  Bloxom, 
Benjamin  Stanton,  William  Johnson,  Richard  Bloxom,  John  John- 
son, Micajah  Moorman,  Joseph  Johnson,  Thomas  Johnson,  Wm. 
Johnson,    James    Johnson,    Charles    Moorman,    Samuel    Johnson, 
David    Johnson,    Christopher    Johnson,    Henry    Terrell,    Charles 
Johnson,  Thomas  Moorman,  Achillis  Moorman,  Barclay  Ballard, 
Benjamin  Johnson,  Henry  Brown,  Ashley  Johnson,  Gerard  John- 
son, Jr.,  Mary   Davis,   Betty  Johnson,   Neoma    Stratton,   Agatha 
Johnson,  Judith  Johnson,  Betty  Moorman,  Dosha  Moorman,  Rachel 
Moorman,  ISTancy  Moorman,  Africa  Moorman,  Jean  Johnson,  Mil- 
ley  Johnson,  Salley  Moorman,  Mary  Herndon,  Salley  Johnson. 


Charles  Johnson  and  Susanna  Terrell,  of  Campbell  County, 
were  married  at  Hill  Creek  Meeting-house  3-17-1796. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  David 
Terrell,  Wm.  Johnson,  Henry  Terrell,  David  Terrell,  Jr.,  Samuel 
Terrell,  Charles  Moorman,  David  Johnson,  John  Richardson,  Rich- 
ard Bloxom,  ISTancy  Davis,  Milly  Johnson,  Molly  Johnson,  Mathew 
Davis,  Letitia  Wildman,  Mary  Davis,  Mildred  Ratcliif,  Susanna 
Davis,  Druscilla  Crew,  Agatha  Johnson,  Rachel  Johnson,  Molly 
Richardson,  Mourning  Johnson,  Betsy  Moorman,  M.  Davis. 


Timothy  Johnson  and  Lydia  Ballard,  of  Bedford  County,  were 
married  at  Ivy  Creek  Meeting-house  8-14-1799. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  Chris- 
topher Johnson,  Barclay  Ballard,  Wm.  Stanton,  Benjamin  Johnson, 
Micajcih  Macy,  Amos  Holloway,  Jonathan  Johnson,  John  Tellus, 
Mourning  Timberlake,  Susanna  Ballard,  Betsy  Johnson,  Ann 
Fowler,  Rachel  Jolinson,  Rhoda  Johnson,  Sarah  Johnson,  Martha 
Johnson. 


Newby  Johnson,  son  of  William  Johnson,  and  Sarah  Douglas, 
daughter  of  Achillis  Douglas,  were  married  at  South  River 
Meeting-house  2-13-1800. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Wm. 


82  MARRIAGES. 

Johnson,  Sr.,  Acliillis  Douglas,  Elizabeth  Douglas,  Charles  L.  Ter- 
reU,  Sarah  Lodge,  Nancy  Johnson,  John  Lynch,  Wm.  Stanton, 
Harrison  Eatcliff,  Ann  Lynch,  Enoch  Eoberts,  Ann  Pidgeon,  Mil- 
dred Ratcliff,  Sarah  James,  Betsy  Lea. 


Pleasant  Johnson  and  Nancy  Moorman,  both  of  Campbell 
County,  were  married  at  Seneca  Meeting-house,  1-14-1801. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  ilgatha 
Jolinson,  Polly  Moorman,  Lydia  Moorman,  Betsy  Moorman,  Mary 
Ferrall,  Mildred  Ratcliff,  Letitia  Wildman,  Mary  Timberlake,  Wm. 
Johnson,  Sr.,  Thomas  Moorman,  James  Johnson,  Daniel  Stratton, 
Ashley  Stratton,  Micajah  Moorman,  Charles  Johnson,  William 
Johnson,  Jr.,  Joseph  Stratton,  Jr. 


Jonathan  Johnson,  son  of  William  and  Susanna  Johnson,  and 
Judith  Douglas,  daughter  of  Achillis  and  Elizabeth  Douglas, 
all  of  Campbell  County,  were  married  at  South  River  Meeting- 
house 1-17-1805. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Acliil- 
lis Douglas,  Wm.  Jolinson,    Mildred    Douglas,    Micajah    Terrell, 
Robert  Johnson,  Nancy  Johnson,  Matilda  Roberts,  Zalinda  Davis, 
Elijah  Johnson,  Mary  Butler,  Wm.  Butler,  Richard  Tyree,  Deborah 
Douglas,  Betsy  Terrell,  Polly  Lynch,  Wm.  Davis,  Jeptha  Johnson, 
Joseph  Fisher,  William  Stanton,  Newby  Johnson. 


Anselm  Johnson^  son  of  Benjamin  and  Mary  Johnson,  of  Bed- 
ford County,  and  Deborah  Douglas,  daughter  of  Achillis  and 
Elizabeth  Douglas,  were  married  at  South  River  Meeting-house 
7-10-1810. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Achil- 
lis Douglas,  Benj.  Johnson,    Lemuel   Johnson,    Samuel   Johnson, 
Samuel  Fisher,  Nicholas  Johnson,  Mahlon  Cadwalader,  James  S. 
Butler,  Etchison  Grigsby,  James  Cox,  Garland  Johnson,  Stephen 
Butler,  Jr.,  Nathan  Dicks,  Wm.  Davis,  Jr.,  Samuel  Davis.  William 
Davis,  Harrison  Ratcliff,  Stephen    Butler,    John    Lynch,    Josiah 
Bailey,  Latham  Stanton,  Daniel  Burress,  Isaac  Pidgeon,  Edward. 
Lynch,  Jonathan  Butler,  Elias    Fisher,    Elizaljeth    Fisher,    Mary 
Lynch,  Mary  Butler,  Zalinda  Davis,  Matilda  Johnson,  Lucy  John- 
son, Jonathan  Johnson,  Nancy  Butler. 


MARRIAGES.  83 

Joseph  Johnson,  son  of  James  and  Penelope  Johnson,  of  Bedford 
County,  and  Betsy^  Ballard,  daughter  of  Benjamin  and 
Rachel  Butterworth,  of~'Campbell  County,  were  married  at 
South  Eiver  Monthly  Meeting-house  2-8-1812. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Benja- 
min Butterworth,  Milley  Defer,  Jonathan  Johnson,  Anthony  John- 
son, Jas.  S.  Butler,  John  L.  Roberts,  Jonah  Cadwalader,  Jonathan 
Butler,  Judith  Johnson,  Moorman  Butterworth,  Zalinda  Lynch, 
Matilda  Roberts,  Josiah  Bailey,  John  H.  Moorman,  George  Akers, 
Stephen  Butler,  Rachel  Johnson,  Thomas  Ballard,  Mary  Butler, 
Susanna  Bailey,  Priscilla  Butler.  Stephen  Butler,  Jr.,  Matilda  But- 
ler, Deborah  Butler,  Deborah  Butler,  Jr. 


LiLBURN  Johnson,  son  of  Christopher  and  Sarah  Johnson,  and 
Deborah  Butler,  daughter  of  Stephen  and  Mary  Butler,  were 
married  at  South  River  Meeting-house  1-14-1819. 

The  follo-^-ing  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  James 
S.  Butler,  Pleasant  Johnson,  Caleb  Johnson,  Jonathan  Butler, 
Lemuel  Johnson,  John  Davis,  John  H.  Moorman,  Joseph  Boyce. 
Richard  Tyree,  John  F.  Hawkins,  Micajah  T.  Lynch,  Charles  Fish- 
er, Achillis  Douglas,  James  Butler,  Sr.,  Polley  Lynch,  Mary  John- 
son, Lucinda  Johnson,  Zalinda  Lynch,  Mildred  Tyree,  Louisa  Bail- 
ey, Ann  T.  Lynch,  Rebecca  Preston,  Mary  Lynch,  Zalinda  Davis, 
Judith  Johnson,  Anna  Lynch,  Mary  Ann  Lynch,  Sally  Bailey,  Lucy 
Jones,  Eliza  Lynch,  Sarah  L.  Davis,  Mary  A.  Davis. 


John  James,  son  of  Thomas  and  Sarah  James,  and  Martha 
Baugham,  daughter  of  Humphrey  and  Elizabeth  Baugham, 
were  married  at  South  River  Meeting-house  4-18-1799. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Thomas 
Reeder,  Priscilla  Reeder,  Joseph  Fisher,  Thomas  Hanna,  Jonathan 
Carey,  James  Butler,  Lucy  Baugham,  John  Lynch,  Stephen  Butler, 
Sarah  Lodge,  Judith  Douglas,  Mary  Lynch. 


84  MARRIAGES. 


MARRIAGE  CERTIFICATES  BEDFORD  MONTHLY  MEET- 
ING, BEDFORD  COUNTY.* 


Henry  Kerby  and  Mary  Anderson  were  married  at  Bedford 
Monthly  Meeting  held  12-20-1761. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Charles 
Lynch,  Charles  Neal,  Bowling  Clark,  Micajah  Moorman,  William 
Johnson,  Daniel  Candler,  John  Candler,  Christopher  Johnson, 
Sarah  Lynch,  Sarah  Terrell,  Winfred  Clarke,  Susanna  Johnson, 
Anna  Lynch. 


Evan  Lewis  (son  of  Jehu  Lewis  and  Alice  his  wife),  of  Bedford 
County,  and  Sarah  Tennison,  daughter  of  John  and  Ann 
Tennison,  of  Amherst  County,  were  married  at  South  River 
Meeting-house,  in  Campbell  County,  4-22-1790. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :     Wil- 
liam Johnson,  William  Ballard,  Ashley  Johnson,  Robert  Johnson, 
William  Betts,  Enoch  Roberts,  Christopher  Gatt,  Micajah  Boudlas, 
Susanna  Johnson,  Betty  Johnson,  Sarah  Johnson,  Rachel  Ballard, 
William  Stanton,  John  Johnson,  Christopher  James,  Robert  Hanna, 
John  Davis,    Henry    Tennison,    Salley    Johnson,    Salley    Martin, 
Rachel  Paxon,  Mary  Baugham,  Penelope  Johnson,  Mary  Fowler, 
Phebe   Stanton,  Zalinda  Lynch,  Mary  Betts,  Jane  Tullas,  Jesse 
Lewis,  Ann  Lewis,  Matilda  Roberts,  Margaret  Tennison. 


JocABAD  LoDGE^  SOU  of  Jocabad  and  Catharine  Lodge,  and  Sarah 
Johnson^  daughter  of  William   and    Susannah   Johnson,    of 
Campbell  County,  were  married  11-22-1792  at   South  River 
Meeting-house. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Wil- 
liam Johnson,  William  Stanton,  John  Davis,  Alice  Fisher,  Gerard 
Johnson,  Robert  Johnson,  Achillis  Douglas,  Policy  Fowler,  Betsy 

*  Taken  from  the  minutes  of  Southriver  Monthly  Meeting,  of  which  they  were  a 
part. 


MARRIAGES.  85 

Fisher,  Betty  Johnson,  Elizabeth  Douglas,  Jonathan  Johnson,  Wil- 
liam Johnson,  John  Preston,  John  Johnson,  Edward  Lynch,  Eob- 
ert  Fisher,  Ashley  Johnson,  Mary  Tenner,  Matilda  Eoberts,  Rebec- 
ca Preston,  Euth  Micker,  John  Headon,  James  Martin,  Joseph 
Fisher,  Mariah  Wright,  John  Eoberson,  Eobert  Hanna,  Eachel 
Wright,  Zalinda  Lynch,  Nancy  Johnson,  Sarah  Johnson,  Mourning 
Johnson.  

Jesse  Lewis,  son  of  Jehu  and  Alice  Lewis,  of  Bedford  County,  and 
Eebecca  Morelan",  daughter  of  Jason  and  Nancy  Morelan, 
were  married  at  South  Eiver  Meeting-house  3-20-1793. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Amos 
Ballard,  William  Ballard,  Nathan    Hale,    Sarah    Ballard,    Moses 
Hurt,    William    Eeardson,    Elizabeth    Ballard,    Edna    Dickenson, 
EHza3allard,  Eachel  Feazel,  Susannah  Hanna,  Elizabeth  Wright, 
Mourning  Ballard,  Euth  Straasberry,  Judith  Ballard,  Jonan  Moor- 
Ian,  Thomas  Johnson,  John  Davis,  Sr.,  Micajah  Davis,  Elizabeth 
Hamner,    Sarah    Blackley,    Jason   Moorlan,    Joel   Lewis,    George 
Lewis,  Nancy  Morelan,  Jos.  Eichardson,  Abigal  Moorelan,  Martha' 
Ehodes,   Betty  Eichardson,   Evan  Lewis,  Joseph  Ehodes,  Esther 
Eichards,  Ada  Moorlan,  Moses  Embree,  Mary  Moorelan,  Jr.,  Aaron 
Feazle,  Barnet  Feazle. 


Daniel  McPherson,  son  of  Stephen  and  Mary  McPherson,  and 
Mary  Bond,  daughter  of  Edward  and  Mary  Bond,  all  of  Bed- 
ford  County,   were  married   at   South   Eiver   Meeting-house 
6-20-1793. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :    Eebec- 
ca Lewis,  Nancy  Morelan,  Jonah  Dobins,  William  Pennock,  Moses 
Cadwalader,  William  Pennock,  Sr.,  John  Pennock,  Thomas  Dobins, 
Chas.  Pidgeon,  James  Cadwalader,  Stephen  Morlan,  Philip  Wil- 
liams, Euth  Paxon,  Hannah  Lerrow,  Sarah  Pidgeon,  Euth  Cad- 
walader, Joel  Lewis,  Sarah  Lewis,  Mary  Anthony,  Chris.  Anthony, 
Benj.  Bond,  Moses  Embree,  Allan  Bond,  Mary  Kutzs,  Samue;  Er- 
win,  Wm.  Pidgeon,  Eachel  Pidgeon,  John  Coffee,  Abijah  Eichai  !s, 
Jane  Cadwalader,  Eachel  Coffee,  Edward  Bond,  Mary  Bond,  Saml. 
Oliphant,  Henry  Newman,  Hannah  Harris,  Elizabeth  Dobins,  Mag- 
dala  Erwin,  Alice  Pennock,  Jane  Erwin,  Mary  Harris,  Hannah 
Pidgeon,  Sarah  Holmes. 


86  MARRIAGES. 

MiCAJAH  Macy,  of  Bedford  County,  and  Sarah  Holloway,  of 
Campbell  County,  were  married  at  South  River  Meeting-house 
9-25-1794. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate  :  Samuel 
Gary,  James  Johnson,  Mary  Betts,  Achillis  Douglas,  John  Lynch, 
Elizabeth  Douglas,  Cynthy  Cary,  Salley  Snead,  Thomas  Hanna, 
Judith  Doiighii^,  Elilm  Macy,  Amos  Holloway,  Asa  HoUoway,  Isaac 
HoUoway,  Hepzibah  Holloway,  William  Johnson,  Hannah  Fisher, 
Mourning  Johnson,  Sarah  Fisher,  Nancy  Johnson,  Tacy  Baugham, 
Rachel  Wright,  Elizabeth  Lea,  Hannah  Fisher,  Jonathan  Johnson, 
Wm.  Stanton,  Sr.,  Phebe  Stanton,  Wm.  Stanton,  Jr.,  John  Pres- 
ton, Joseph  Coffin,  Robert  Hanna,  Catharine  Hanna,  Rebecca  Pres- 
ton, James  Stanton,  Daniel  James,  Mary  Stanton,  Mary  Holloway, 
Zacheus  Stanton,  Abner  Holloway,  Sarah  Douglas,  Mathew 
Baugham,  Hari-y  Major. 


Joseph  Morelan  and  Mourning  Ballard,  of  Bedford  County, 

were  married  at  Upper  Goose  Creek  Meeting-house,  in  said 

County,  8-20-1794. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Micajah 

Moorman,  Richard  Bloxom,  x\shly  Johnson,  Joseph  Curie,  Moorman 

Johnson,   Thomas   Moorman,   James  Johnson,  Reuben   Moorman, 

Gerard   Johnson,    Sr.,    David   Johnson,    Sarah    Terrell,    Susanna 

Moorman,  Susanna  Davis,  Gerard  Johnson,    Mary    Butler,    Wm. 

Johnson,   Eliza  Johnson,  Naomi   Stratton,  Rachel  Johnson,  EjEfie 

Moorman,  Anna  Bloxom,  Elizabeth  Douglas,  Nancy  Moorman,  Jane 

Tullas. 


Jason  Moreland,  son  of  Jason  and  Ann  Moreland,  and  Martha 
TuLLis,  daughter  of   Richard   and   Jane   Tullis,  of   Bedford 
County,  were  married  at  South  River  Meeting-house,  in  Camp- 
bell County,  5-14-1796. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Sarah 
Johnson,  Lydia  Johnson,  Susanna  Moorman,  Lydia  Ballard,  Rhoda 
Johnson,  Wm.  Stanton,  Mary  Butler,  Thomas  Hanna,  Ashley  John- 
son, Barclay  Ballard,  Benjamin  Hanna,  Mary  Lynch,  Betsy  John- 
son, Milly  Johnson,  Matilda  Roberts,  William  Davis,  Christopher 
Johnson,  Achillas  Douglas,  Zacheus  Stanton,  John  Lynch,  Elijah 


MARRIAGES.  87 

Johnson,  Eichard  Tullis,  Wm.  Fowler,  Joseph  Bradfield,  Jonathan 
Johnson,  Samuel  Gary,  Hannah  Fisher,  Mary  Holloway,  Rebecca 
Preston,  Jallis  Tullis,  John  Tullis,  Ann  Tullis,  Betty  Hendrick, 
Sarah  Hendrick,  Mary  Anderson,  Hepzibah  Holloway,  Robert 
Hanna,  Mildred  Johnson,  Mary  Betts,  Mourning  Johnson. 


Reuben  Moorman,  of  Campbell  County,  and  Lydia  Johnson^  of 
Bedford  County,  were  married  1-13-1799. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Thomas 
Moorman,  James  Johnson,  Benjamin  Jolinson,  Thos.  Johnson,  Jos- 
eph Johnson,  Barclay  Ballard,  Nicholas  Johnson,  Timothy  John- 
son, James  Ballard,  David  Johnson,  Christopher  Johnson,  Amos 
Holloway,  John  Wilkison,  Africa  Moorman,  Elizabeth  Johnson, 
Judith  Ballard,  Rachel  Johnson,  Hepzibah  Holloway,  Nancy  Moor- 
man, Polly  Moorman,  Mary  Johnson,  Lydia  Ballard,  Elizabeth 
Johnson,  Huldah  Stanton.  Elizabeth  Daugherty,  Susan  Ballard, 
Lettice  Daugherty. 


Micajah  Macy,  son  of  John  Macy,  of  Bedford  County,  and  Sarah 
Fisher,  daughter  of  Joseph  Fisher,  of  Campbell  County,  were 
married  at  South  River  Meeting-house  4-18-1799. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Hepsi- 
bah  Holloway,  Nancy  Johnson,  William  Stanton,  Benjamin  Hanna, 
John  Timberlake,  Matilda  Roberts,  Joseph  Fisher,  Jr.,  Humphrey 
Baugham,  Robert  Hanna,  Mary  Lynch,  Ann  Fisher,  William  John- 
son, Sr. 


Dudley  Milner,  son  of  Beverly   Milner,   and   Mary   Anderson, 
daughter  of  John  Anderson,   were   married   at    South   River 
-    Meeting-house  12-13-1800. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Daniel 
Easly,  Nimrod  Farg-uson,  Richard  Kirby,  Joseph  Fisher,  Jr.,  Wil- 
liam Davis,  Jr.,  Edward  Lynch,  Robt.  Hanna,  William  Johnson, 
Micajah  Terrell,  Jonathan  Johnson,  Anna  Anderson,  Ruth  Milner, 
Orpha  Kirby,  Mary  Butler,  Susanna  Davis. 


88  MARRIAGES. 

Hugh  Morgan  and  Judith  Johnson   were  married   at   Seneca 
Meeting-house,  in  Campbell  County. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certiiicate :  Gerard 
Johnson,  Elias  Fisher,  Charles  Moorman,  Charles  Johnson,  Ashley- 
Johnson,  Wm.  Johnson,  Micajah  Moorman,  Susanna  Moorman, 
Elizabeth  Terrell,  Eachel  Johnson. 


John  H.  Moorman,  of  Campbell  County,  and  Betsy  Johnson,  of 
Bedford  County,  were  married  7-12-1806. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Joseph 
Stratton,  John  Lynch,  Stephen  Butler,  Josiah  Bailey,  Rebecca 
Preston,  Mary  Lynch,  Mildred  Ratcliif,  Susanna  Da\ds,  Nancy 
Johnson,  Mary  Davis,  Judith  Jolinson,  Zalinda  Davis,  Thomas 
Moorman,  Eeuben  Moorman,  Simeon  Johnson,  Chiles  ]\Ioorman, 
Rhoda  Johnson,  Dosha  Stratton. 


Benjamin  Faxon,  son  of  Jacob  and  Mary  Paxon,  and  Ruth 
PiDGEON,  daughter  of  William  and  Rachel  Pidgeon,  were  mar- 
ried at  Goose  Creek  Meeting-house,  in  Bedford  County, 
5-24-1792. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  Joel 
Lewis,  Sarah  Lewis,  Samuel  Anthony,  Hannah  Lewis,  Martha 
Rhodes,  John  Pennock,  Samuel  Oliphant,  Mentor  P.  Perdue,  Annis 
Davis,  Moses  Cadwaladcr,  Mary  Cadwalader,  Mourning  Ballard, 
Jesse  Cadwalader,  William  Tugg,  Elisha  Schooly,  Thomas  Davis, 
Amos  Ballard,  Patrick  Hix,  Mary  Bond,  Edward  Bond,  Henry 
Thurman,  William  Davis,  Sarah  Lewis,  Ruth  Curie,  Isaac  Hatcher, 
Rachel  Hatcher,  Mary  Anthony,  James  Erwin,  Mary  Erwin,  Mag- 
dala  Crew,  William  Pidgeon,  Rachel  Pidgeon,  Elizabeth  Hanna, 
Ruth  Cadwalader,  Men.  Bond,  Moses  Embree,  Rachel  Schooly, 
Samuel  Davis,  Christopher  Anthony,  Hannah  Curie,  Samuel  Er- 
win, Benjamin  Bond,  Micajah  Richards,  Esther  Richards,  Moses 
Embree,  Jane  Erwin,Mary  Betts,  William  Betts,  John  Coffee, 
Rachel  Coffee,  Joseph  Crouch,  Hannah  Pidgeon,  Charles  Pidgeon, 
Isaac  Pidgeon,  Wm.  Pidgeon. 


MARKIAGES.  89 

Isaac  Pidgeon,  son  of  William  and  Rachel  Pidgeon,  of  Campbell 
County,  and  Elizabeth    Hammer,    daughter    of    John    and 
Eachel  Hamner,  of  the  County  of  Bedford,  were  married  at 
Goose  Creek  Meeting-house  4-5-1793. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Han- 
nah Larrow,  Moses  Cadwalader,  Euth  Cadwalader,  Edward  Bond, 
Mary  Lenord,  Mary  Burruss,  Evan  Lewis,  Jesse  Lewis,  Elizabeth 
Woodford,  Rebecca  W.  Lewis,  Sarah  Holmes,  Mary  Harris,  Aaron 
Betts,  Stephen  Moorlan,  John  Coffee,  Wm.  Pidgeon,  Jr.,  Charles 
Pidgeon,  Alice  Lewis,  Joel  Lewis,    Sarah  Lewis,   Martha  Rhodes, 
Gulielma  Perdue,  Samuel    Erwin,    Mary    Bond,    Alice    Pennock, 
Magdala  Erwin,  Elizabeth  Harris,  Mary  Anthony,  David  Hale, 
Mary  Richards,  William  Pidgeon,    Sarah    Pidgeon,    Mary    Betts, 
Rachel  Coffee,  Benjamin  Bond,  John  Pennock,  Charles  Anthony, 
Thomas  Cadwalader,  Amos  Harris,  Christopher  Anthony,  Samuel 
Erwin,    Abigal    Richards,    James    Erwin,    Mary    Erwin,    Rachel 
Schooly,  Moses  Cadwalader,  Moses  Embree,  Susanna  Betts,  Moses 
Embree,  Jr.,  John  Embree. 


Asa  Plummer,  son  of  Joseph  Plummer,  of  Berkley  County,  and 
Grace  Burgess,  daughter  of   Joseph   Burgess,    of    Campbell 
County,  were  married  at  Seneca  Meeting-house  1-12-1796. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the    marriage    certificate:      M. 
Randle,  Nancy  Moorman,  Priscilla  Butler,  Rachel  Hatcher,  Lettia 
Wildman,  Susanna  Johnson,  Ann  Blocksom,  Ann  Blocksom,  Jr., 
Mary  Blocksom,  Mary  Moorman,  Sarah  Moorman,  Mary  Blocksom, 
Sr.,  Wm.  Johnson,  Abner  Grigg,  Richard  Blocksom,  Richard  Block- 
som, Jr.,  Benj.  Stratton,  Gideon  Blocksom,  Joseph  Burgess,  Thom- 
as  Burgess,   Daniel   Burgess,   John   Burgess,   Druscilla   Burgess, 
James  Butler. 


Charles   Pidgeon,  son  of  William  Pidgeon,  and  Ann   Gregg, 
daughter  of  Abner  Gregg,  all  of  Campbell  County,  were  mar- 
ried at  Seneca  Meeting-house  5-15-1799. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Ash- 
ley Johnson,  Benjamin  Stratton,  Daniel  Burgess,  Naomi  Stratton, 
Isaac  Pidgeon,  Susanna  Johnson,  Abraham  Wildman,  Thomas  Bur- 
gess, William  Pidgeon,  Elizabeth  Pidgeon,  Dosha  Moorman,  Mary 
Bloxom. 


90  MARRIAGES. 

John  Egberts  and  Eachel  Taylor  were  married  at  Bedford 
Monthly  Meeting  12-20-1761. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Charles 
Lynch,  Charles  jSTeal,  Micajah  Moorman,  Bowling  Clark,  Wm.  John- 
son, Daniel  Candler,  John  Candler,  Chris.  Johnson,  Sarah  Terrell, 
Sarah  Lynch,  Winnifred  Clark,  Susanna  Johnson,  Anna  L}Tich. 


William  Stabler,  of  Londonn  County  (son  of  Edward  and  IMary 
Stabler,  of  Petersburg,  deceased),  and  Deborah  Pleasants 
(daughter  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Pleasants,  of  Goochland 
County),  were  married  at  Cedar  Creek  Meeting-house,  in  Han- 
over County,  6-4-1789. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :     Thom- 
as S.  Pleasants,  Edward  Stabler,  William  H.  Pleasants,  Samuel 
Pleasants,  Jr.,  Samuel  Parsons,    James    Hunnicutt,    Thomas    W. 
Pleasants,  B.  Watldns,  Cary  Pleasants,  Joel  Eoyster,  Thomas  E. 
Pleasants,  Joseph  Woodson,  Sarah  Parsons,  Mary  Younghusband, 
Elizabeth    Pleasants,    Polly    Younghusband,    Elizabeth    Pleasants, 
Jr.,  Elizabeth  T.  Pleasants,  Eebecca  Hunnicutt,  Elizabeth  Watkins, 
Frances  Eoyster,  Polly  Pleasants,  Sarah  Pleasants. 


Thomas  Snowden  Pleasants,  of  Goochland  County,  son  of  Thom- 
as and  Elizabeth  Pleasants,  of  said  County,  and  Elizabeth 
Tucker  Pleasants,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Sarah  Pleasants, 
of  Henrico  County,  were  married  12-16-1790. 
The  follo\\ang  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :    Samuel 
Parsons,  John  S.  Pleasants,  Thomas  W.  Pleasants,  Philip  Pleas- 
ants,   Thomas    E.    Pleasants,    Cary    Pleasants,    Thomas    Harris, 
Obediah  Crew,  B.  Watkin,  Jolin  Harris,  Achillis  Barksdale,  Sarah 
Parsons,  Elizabeth  Pleasants,  Polly  Pleasants,  Mary  Younghus- 
band, Eliza  Pleasants,  Mary  Brooks,  Angey  Eoyster. 


Edward  Staj3Ler,  of  Alexandria,  son  of  Edward  and  Mary  Stabler 
(deceased),  of  the  town  of  Petersburg,  and  Mary  Pleasants, 
•   daughter  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Pleasants  (the  latter  de- 
ceased), of  Goochland  County,  were  married  at  Cedar  Creek, 
in  Hanover  County,  2-27-1794. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Thom- 
as Pleasants,  Ecuben  Pleasants,  James  B.  Pleasants,  Eobert  Pleas- 


MAREIAGES.  91 

ants,  William  H.  Pleasants,  John  Pleasants,  John  P.  Watson,  J.  W. 
Pleasants,  Samuel  P.  Parsons,  Thomas  Hunnicutt,  Philip  Pleas- 
ants, Gerard  Hopkins,  Samuel  Parsons,  Mieajah  Crew,  Benjamin 
Eussell,  James  Vaughan,  E.  Turner,  Sarah  Pleasants,  Dehorah 
Pleasants,  Mary  Younghushand,  Elizabeth  T.  Pleasants,  Jane 
Pleasants,  Sarah  Parsons,  Mary  P.  Younghushand,  Rebecca  Hun- 
nicutt, Elizabeth  Stanley,  Polly  Watkins,  Milley  M.  Hunnicutt. 


Tarlton  Woodson  Pleasants,  son  of  James  Pleasants,  of  Gooch- 
land County,  and  Sarah  Pleasants,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Pleasants,  of  the  said  County,  were  married  at  Friends  Meet- 
ing-house at  Genito  5-17-1803. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Wil- 
liam H.  Pleasants,  Archibald  Pleasants,  John  T.  Pleasants,  Philip 
S.  Pleasants,  Eobert  Watkins,  Alban  Gilpan,  Thomas  Hatton,  John 
Johnson,  Samuel  Hough,  Thomas  B.  Watkins,  Obadiah  Crew,  Dan- 
iel Couch,  James  Hunnicutt,  Joseph  Woodson,  Jr.,  Byars  Crawford, 
Matilda  Pleasants,  Dorothea  R.  Pleasants,  Susanna  E.  Pleasants, 
Ann  Maria  Smith,  Sally  Watkins,  Eliza  Hunnicutt,  Eliza  Pleas- 
ants, Mary  Trevillian. 


Taelton  Woodson  Pleasants,  son  of  James  Pleasants,  of  Gooch- 
land County,  and  Talitiia  Crew,  daughter  of  Mieajah  and 
Margaret  Crew,  of  Hanover  County,  were  married  at  Cedar 
Creek  6-13-1812. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  Mieajah 
Crew,  Benjamin  Bates,  Lemuel  Crew,  Walter  Crew,  William  H. 
Pleasants,  Margaret  Crew  (Ann  Taylor  and  EHzabeth  Wood  from 
Ohio),  Margaret  M.  Crew,  Martha  Pleasants,  Thomas  Hatton, 
Daniel  Couch,  James  Hunnicutt,  Thomas  Hunnicutt,  Philip 
Brooks,  Isaac  Parker,  Isham  Burch,  Abner  Brooks,  Ben  W.  Ladd, 
Susanna  Pleasants,  Margaret  Vaughan,  Deborah  Harris,  Lucy 
Bates,  Sarah  D.  Ladd,  Susanna  Brooks,  Eliza  M.  Gordon,  Emily 
Pleasants. 


92  MARRIAGES. 

Joseph  J.  Pleasants,  son  of  "William  H.  and  Mary  Pleasants,  of 
Goochland  County,  and  Martha  Bates,  daughter  of  Benja- 
min and  Tace  Bates,  of  Hanover  County,  were  married  at 
Cedar  Creek  10-9-1819. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Micajah 
Crew,  Wm.  H.  Pleasants,  Lemuel  Crew,  Fleming  Bates,  Walter 
Crew,  Thomas  S.  Pleasants,  Micajah  Bates,  Oliver  Ladd,  Thomas 
Hatton,  Josiah  Eatcliff,  Joshua  Bates,  Nathaniel  C.  Crenshaw, 
Thomas  Hunnicutt,  James  Hunnicutt,  Wm.  S.  Bates,  Isaac  Lead- 
better,  Benj.  S.  Bates,  William  John  Clarke,  Wm.  E.  Irby,  Lemuel 
Hargrave,  Samuel  S.  Gilpin,  Samuel  B.  Eice,  John  Crew,  Edmund 
B.  Crenshaw,  William  Ellett,  Margaret  Crew,  Lucy  Bates,  Tace 
Bates,  Margaret  M.  Crew,  Unity  Bates,  Elizabeth  A.  Pleasants, 
Margaret  A.  Webster,  Margt.  Vaughan,  Jane  Dabney,  Martha  Har- 
grave, Unity  S.  Harris,  Sarah  Stanley,  Deborah  Bates,  Isabella 
Harris,  EUzabeth  Hunnicutt. 


Benjamin  Bates,  of  Hanover  County,  son  of  Benjamin  Bates 
(deceased),  of  York,  and  Henrietta  Maria  Pleasants, 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Pleasants,  of  Goochland 
County,  were  married  at  Genito  Meeting-house  8-13-1812. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Micajah 
Crew,  William  H.  Pleasants,  Walter  Crew,  Joseph  Pollard,  Isaac 
Webster,  N.  M.  Vaughan,  Isaac  Pleasants,  Ben.  W.  Ladd,  Micajah 
Bates,  Joseph  Pleasants,  James  Hunnicutt,  Henry  Clarke,  Thomas 
S.  Pleasants,  Philip  S.  Pleasants,  Granville  Smith,  Margaret  Crew, 
Paulina  Pleasants,  Lucy  Bates,  Martha  Pleasants,  Damaris  Pleas- 
ants, Susanna  W.  Pleasants,  Abby  Clarke,  Deborah  Harris,  Margaret 
W.  Pleasants,  Eliza  P.  Pleasants,  Chlotilda  Harris,  Phebe  Mills, 
Ann  Pleasants,  Eebekah  Harris,  Eliza  Hunnicutt,  Emily  Pleasants, 
Eebecca  M.  Eussell,  Betsy  Watkins,  Lucy  C.  Downer,  M.  L.  Pleas- 
ants. 


MARRIAGES.  93 

Edward  S.  Pleasants,  of  the  City  of  Eichmond,  in  the  County  of 
Henrico,  son  of  Tarlton  and  Talitha  Pleasants,  of  Goochland 
County,  and  Tacy  E.  Bates,  daughter  of  Micajah  and  Mary- 
Bates,  of  the  City  of  Eichmond   (the  latter  deceased),  were 
married   at    Friends'    Meeting-house,   in  the   aforesaid   city;, 
3-18-1846. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Henry 
Clarke,  Thos.  M.  Alfriend,  Wm.  John  Clarke,  A.  Pleasants,  Thos. 
S.  Pleasants,  Charles  J.  Sinton,  David  H.  Eead,  Jolin  D.  Graff, 
Wm.  Tyree,  B.  Slade,  W.  M.  GasMns,  John  H.  Eiddick,  Elizabeth 
E.  Whitlock,  Theodore  Carrington,  Henry  B.  Eead,  Sarah  I.  Sin- 
ton,  Mary  Ann  Spencer,  Jane  C.  Whitlock,  Mary  B.  Ladd,  Susan 
S.  Gaskins,  Marcella  Tyree,  Eliza   H.   Lee,   Martha   B.   Nicholls, 
Elizabeth  Waddel,  Frances  Andrews,  Mary  C.  Pleasants,  Eebecca 
Spencer,  Mary  M.  Clarke,  Micajah  Bates,  Martha  Ann  Bates,  Henry 
Bates,  Martha  Ann  Bates,  Catharine  Bates,  Wm.  S.  Bates,  Mary  S. 
Pleasants,  Mary  Bates,  Nathaniel  C.   Crenshaw,  Fleming  Bates, 
George  F.  Terrell,  Mary  Pleasants. 


Enoch  Eobards,  of  Campbell  County  (late  of  Philadelphia),  and 
Matilda  Lynch,  were  married  at  South  Eiver  Meeting-house 
1-29-1789. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Eliza- 
beth Douglas,  Susanna  Johnson,  Betty  Johnson,  Elizabeth  Cafi:ery, 
Anna  Lea,  Sarah  Johnson,  Salley  Johnson,  Eachel  Paxson,  Lucy 
Terrell,  Sarah  Martin,  Eobt.  Hanna,  Eobert  Johnson,  John  Paxson, 
William  Betts,  Mary  Betts,  Eobert  Wright,  Wm.  Stanton,  Catharine 
Stanton,  James  Martin,  Edward  Lynch,  Catharine  Hanna,  Ashley 
Johnson,  John   Lynch,    Wm.    Johnson,    Chris.    Johnson,    Zalinda 
Lynch,  Benj.  Johnson,    Anselm    Lynch,    Wm.    Stanton,    Aehillis 
Douglas,  Henry  Terrell,  John  Hargrove. 


Joseph  Stratton,  son  of  Joseph  and  Naomi  Stratton,  and  Dosha 

Moorman,  daughter  of  Micajah  and  Susannah  Moorman,  all 

of  Campbell  County,  were  married  at  Seneca  Meeting-house 

12-19-1792. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Joseph 

Stratton,  Micajah  Moorman,  Wm.  Johnson,  Joseph  Johnson,  Thorn- 


94  MARRIAGES. 

as  Johnson,  James  Johnson,  Kichard  Bloxsom,  John  W.  Johnson, 
Thomas  Moorman,  Abner  Gregg,  Moorman  Johnson,  Ben  Sehofield, 
Lemuel  Johnson,  Charles  Moorman,  Wm.  Johnson,  Wm.  Bloxsom, 
Naomi  Stratton,  iVgatha  Johnson,  Eachel  Johnson,  Ann  Bloxsom, 
Sally  Moorman,  Mary  Betts,  Jane  Johnson,  Judith  Johnson,  JSTancy 
Moorman,  Susanna  Johnson,  Elizabeth  Johnson,  Polly  Moorman, 
Eachel  Johnson. 


Benjamin  Stratton,  son  of  Joseph  Stratton,  and  Amy  Curle, 
daughter  of  Jos.  Curie,  were  married  at  South  River  Meeting- 
house 1-20-1796. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :    Letitia 
Wildman,  Betty  Moorman,  Agatha  Johnson,  Nancy  Moorman,  Su- 
sannah Johnson,  Eebecca  Preston,  Joseph  Stratton,  Sarah  Curie, 
Joseph  Curie,  Hannah  Stratton. 


Latham  Stanton,  son  of  Wm.  Stanton,  and  Huldah  Butler, 
daughter  of  Stephen  Butler,  all  of  Campbell  County,  were  mar- 
ried at  South  Eiver  Meeting-house  9-14-1797. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Ann 
Lay,  Eachel  Cary,  Nancy  Johnson,  Susannah  Johnson,  Mary 
Lynch,  Lydia  Johnson,  Hannah  Fisher,  Sarah  Lodge,  Tacy  Nicols, 
Cyntha  Cary,  Elizabeth  Johnson,  Betty  Johnson,  Sarah  Johnson, 
Benjamin  Johnson,  Humphrey  Baugham,  Timothy  Johnson,  Eob- 
ert  Hanna,  Jonathan  Johnson,  Enoch  Eobards,  Eobert  Johnson, 
Benjamin  Hanna,  Jacob  Nicols,  Joseph  Bradfield,  William  Fowler, 
Christopher  Johnson,  Harry  Majors,  Wm.  Stanton,  Sr.,  Pheby 
Stanton,  Sally  Butler,  Stephen  Butler,  Sally  Butler,  Hepzibah  Hol- 
loway,  Aaron  Stanton,  James  Stanton,  Zacheus  Stanton,  Jonathan 
Butler,  Wm.  Butler,  James  Butler,  James  Staunton  Butler,  Asa 
Hollowav. 


Mahlon  Stratton  and  Sarah  Moorman,  of  Campbell  County, 

were  married  at  Seneca  Meeting-house  10-17-1798. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Micajah 

Moorman,  Eeuben  Moorman,  James  Hunnicutt,  James  Stanton, 

William  Johnson,  Joseph  Stratton,  James  Johnson,  Abner  Gregg, 


MARRIAGES.  95 

Aslily  Johnson,  Drnscilla  Burgess,  Hannah  Stratton,  Mary  Via, 
Polly  Moorman,  Ehoda  Johnson,  Anna  Stratton,  Agatha  Johnson, 
Milley  Johnson,  Sarah  Gregg,  Sarah  Curl,  Letitia  Wildman. 


Zacheus  Stanton,  son  of  William  Stanton,  and  Sally  Butler, 
daughter  of  James  Butler,  all  of  Campbell  County,  were  mar- 
ried at  Hills  Creek  Meeting-house  10-16-1800. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Mary 
Bloxom,    Sr.,    Nancy    Butler,    Sarah    Curie,    Elizabeth    Pidgeon, 
Martha  Terrell,  Susannah  Fox,  Druscilla  Crew,  James  Butler,  Sr., 
Jonathan  Butler,  Wm.  Bloxom,  Latham  Stanton,  David  Terrell, 
Eichard  Bloxom,  Butterworth  Benjamin.  ^ 


Jacob  Stratton,  son  of  Joseph  Stratton,  and  Eebecca  Curle, 
daughter  of  Joseph  Curie,  all  of  Campbell  County,  were  mar- 
ried at  Senaca  Meeting-house  11-13-1800. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Sarah 
Curie,  Mary  Via,  Hannah  Stratton,  Amy  Stratton,  Dosha  Strat- 
ton, Betty  Wildman,  Betty  Moorman,  Chisy  Hubank,  Nancy  Moor- 
man,   Africa    Moorman,    Euth    Gregg,    Agatha    Johnson,    Letitia 
Wildman,   Shady   Stratton,  Joel   Stratton,  Joseph   Curie,  Daniel 
Stratton,  Abraham  Wildman,    Eichard    Bloxom,    James    Jolmson, 
Benjamin  Stratton,  Jonah  Wildman,  Eeuben  Moorman. 


EoBiNSON  Stabler,  of  the  town  of  Alexandria,  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  son  of  Edward  and  Mary   Stabler    (the   latter   de- 
ceased), and  Mary  A.  Davis,  daughter  of  William  Davis,  Jr., 
of  the  town  of  Lynchburg,  Va.,  were  married  at  South  Eiver 
Meeting-house  10-16-1828. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :     Wil- 
liam Davis,  Jr.,  Annis  Davis,    Edward    Lynch,    Susannah    Davis, 
Jonathan  Johnson,  Eebecca  Preston,  NanBy  Dudley,  Mary  A.  An- 
thony, William  Davis,  Margaret  Anthony,  Edward  L.   Johnson, 
Samuel  B.  Anthony,  Achillis  D.  Tyree,  George  E.  Eoberts,  Sarah 
L.  Davis,  Mary  M.   Johns,   Louisa   Davis,   Catharine   L.   Hunter, 
Sarah  Ann  Davis,  Zalinda  L.  Winston,  Matilda  Lynch,  Mary  Ann 
Mays,  Elizabeth  H.  Eoberts,  Mary  C.  Powell,  James  E.  Eoyall,  S. 


96  MARRIAGES. 

H.  Davis,  Charles  H.  Davis,  A.  F.  Bigger,  Peter  C.  Nelson,  Eichard 

C.  Perkins,  Micajah  T.  Johnson,  George  Wliitlocke,  Gerard  E. 
Johnson,  Henry  I.  Brown,  Lucy  E.  Ward,  J.  T.  Patton,  E.  M. 
Johnson,  Micajah  T.  Lynch,  John  W.  Bagwell,  Catharine  F.  Smith- 
son,  Eohert  Johnson,  Deborah  D.  Davis,  Moses  Preston,  Elizabeth 

D.  Davis,  Anna  Stabler,  Joseph  Janney,  Jr.,  George  D.  Davis, 
James  Beal,  Judith  Johnson,  Elizabeth  D.  Johnson,  John  Davis, 
Jr.,  Henry  Latham,  Mary  Lynch,  William  Cadwalader,  E.  E. 
Phelps. 


William  Ferrell,  Jr.,  and  Judith  Goode,  both  of  Bedford 
County,  were  married  1-27-1780. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  Jolin 
Lynch,  William  Ballard,  Ashley  Johnson,  William  Johnson,  Chris- 
topher Jolmson,  Barkley  Ballard,  Edward  Terrell,  Benj.  Jolinson, 
William  Martin,  Glover  Baker,  Mary  Lynch,  Molley  Johnson,  Jacob 
Straley,  David  Jolmson,  Eichard  Timberlake,  Jolin  Timberlake, 
Mary  Baker,  Lucy  Johnson,  Molley  Johnson,  Euth  .Johnson,  Sarah 
Macey,  Eacliel  Ballard,  Jane  Ferrell,  Eebecca  JFerrell,  Hannah 
Ferrell,  Sarah  Goode,  Ann  Fowler,  Eliza  Jolmson,  Jane  Tillus, 
Agnes  Jolmson. 


John  Tillas  and  Sarah  Moorlan,  of  Bedford  County,  were  mar- 
ried 5-14-1788. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Joseph 
Wright,  William  Ballard,  Amos  Harris,  Mary  Ballard,  Elizabeth 
Harris,  Mary  Ballard,  Elizabeth  Ballard,  Esther  Eichards,  Eleanor 
Ballard,  Mourning  Ballard,  Mary  Haynes,  Jason  Moorlan,  Abigal 
Moorlan,  Mary  Moorlan,  Nathan  Dabny,  Jolmi  Stratton,  Philip 
Teazle,  Byrum  Ballard,  Ann  Moorlan,  Stephen  Morlan,  Eebecca 
Morlan,  JEliza  Tillas,  William  Morlan,  Dosha  Morlan,  Eliza  Morlan, 
Mary  Morlan,  Hannah  Morlan. 


David  Terrell  and  Molly  Anthony,  daughter  of  Christopher 
Anthony,     were    married    at     South    Eiver    Meeting-house 
9-25-1788. 
Christopher  Johnson,  William  Johnson,  Ann  Fowler,  Matilda 

Lynch,  John  L}Tich,  Wm.  Stanton,  Joseph  Anthony,  Wm.  Ballard, 


MARRIAGES.  97 

Jr.,  Achillis  Douglas,  Saml.  Terrell,  Robert  Hanna,  Wm.  Davis, 
David  Johnson,  Wm.  Davis,  Jr.,  Betty  Johnson,  Jane  Tillas,  Eliza- 
beth Johnson,  Rebecca  Morlan,  Elizabeth  Tillas,  William  Betts, 
Ashley  Jolinson,  Charles  Anthony,  Elizabeth  Ballard,  Betty  John- 
son, Rachel  Ballard,  Elizabeth  Douglas,  Sally  Johnson,  Ruth  John- 
son, Rachel  Paxon,  Mary  Betts,  Sarah  Johnson,  Susanna  Johnson, 
Mary  Terrell,  Lucy  Terrell. 


Edward  Terrell,  son  of  David  Terrell,  of  Bedford  County,  and 
Jane  Johnson,  daughter  of  Gerard  and  Judith  Johnson,  of 
Campbell  County,  were  married  at  Seneca  Meeting-house  10- 
19-1794. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Micajah 
Moorman,  Richard  Blocksom,  Ashley  Johnson,  Joseph  Curl,  Moor- 
man Johnson,  Thomas  Mooi-man,  James  Johnson,  Reuben  Moor- 
man, Gerard  Johnson,  Sr.,  David  Johnson,  Sarah  Terrell,  Susanna 
Moorman,  Susanna  Davis,  Mary  Butler,  Gerard  Johnson,  William 
Johnson,  Eliza  Johnson,  Naomi  Stratton,  Rachel  Johnson,  Effey 
Moorman,  Anna  Blocksom,  Elizabeth  B.  Douglas,  Nancy  Moorman, 
Jane  Tillas. 


Thomas  Terry  and  Sarah  Hendrick,  of  Bedford  County,  were 
married  1-17-1797. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  Chris- 
topher Johnson,  Wm.  Johnson,  Matilda  Roberts,  Elizabeth  Johnson. 
Other  names  omitted  for  want  of  space. 


Samuel  Welch,  of  Campbell  County,  and  Chloe  Hendrick, 
daughter  of  Moses  and  Ruth  Hendrick,  of  Halifax  County, 
were  married  9-21-1783. 

Witnesses'  names:  Amos  Hendrick,  Judith  Hendrick,  Mary 
Welch,  Sarah  Terrell,  Sarah  Ward,  Mary  Anthony,  Mary  Davis, 
xVnnis  Davis,  Tirzah  Davis,  Betsy  Anthony,  Patty  Cavil,  Lettus 
Gosney,  Christopher  Anthony,  Micajah  Davis,  David  Terrell,  Wm. 
Davis,  Sr.,  Richard  Davis,  William  Davis,  Patrick  Cartey,  Isham 
Welch,  Samuel  Terrell,  Charles  Anthony. 


""X 


98  MARRIAGES. 

Xath^vniel  Winston,  of  the  city  of  Richmond,  son  of  George  and 
Judith  Winston,  and  Zalinda  Lynch,   daughter  of   Edward 
and  ]\rary  Lynch,  of  Lynehl)urg,  were  married  at  South  Eiver 
Meeting-houso  5-C-1819. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     John 
Lynch,  Edward  Lynch.  Eliza  H.    Clark,  Sarah    L.    Davis,    Henry 
Clark,  Sarah  L.  Terrell,  Pleasant  Winston,  A.  T.  Lynch,  Micajah 
Lynch,  John  Davis,  Charles  Johnson.  D.  D.  Davis,  Mary  Lynch, 
Zalinda  Davis,  Ann  Lynch,  Mildred  Tyree,  Matilda  Roberts,  Judith 
Johnson,  Sarah  Johnson,  Mary  Davis,  Rebecca  Preston,  Mary  A. 
Da\ns,  Betsy  Moorman,  Mary  Ann  Mays,  Wm.  Davis,  Lucy  Moor- 
man, Richard  Tyree,  Mahlon  Cadwalader,  Jonathan  Johnson,  Wm. 
Davis  Jr.,  Charles   Fisher,   Achillis   Douglas,   A.    Liggett,   James 
Benaugh,  Wm.  Gray,  Joseph  Boyce,    Ammon    Hancock,    Thomas 
Moore,  Jr.,  Richard  Adams,  Matilda  Roberts,  Jr.,  M.  Davis,  Jr. 


Joseph  Anthony,  of  Campbell  County,  and  Rhoda  Moorman,  of 
Caroline  County,  were  married  at  Golansville  5-15-1791. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  tlie  marriage  certificate :  Clarke 
T.  Moorman,  jVfathew  P.  Terrell,  Thomas  Terrell,  John  Payne, 
Catlett  Jones,  Jonathan  Terrell,  Ursula  Cheadle,  Salley  Terrell, 
Ann  Stevens,  Pleasants  Cobbs,  John  Peatross,  Anthony  New,  Isaac 
Winston.  Joanna  Terrell,  Lucy  Winston,  Salley  Chiles,  Judith 
Cheadle,  Rachel  MooiTrian,  Salley  Terrell,  Rebecca  Terrell,  Rhoda 
Terrell. 


Benjamin  Bates,  son  of  Benj.  and  Hanna  Bates,  of  York  County, 
and  Tack  Crew   (daughter  of  Micajah  and  Margaret  Crew), 
were  married  at  Cedar  Creek  Meeting-house,  in  Hanover  Coun- 
ty, 12-16-1793. 
The  following  \ntncsses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Deborah 
13arbey  and  Rebecca  Young,  ministers  from  Old  England,  and  Da- 
vid Cummings,  from  Pennsylvania,  Margaret  Crew,  Chlotilda  Har- 
ris,  Mary   Pleasants,    Sarah   Pleasants,   Mary   P.   Younghusband, 
Unity  Stanley,  Edward  Stabler,  Thomas  Hatton,  Fleming  Bates, 
Lemuel  Crew,  Wm.  H.  Pleasants,  Thomas  Ladd,  Wm.  Jackson, 
Micajah  Crew,  Clark  T.  ]\Ioonnan,  Thomas  Stanley,  Joshua  Stan- 
ley, Thomas  Harris,  Jr. 


MARRIAGES.  99 

Fleming  Bates,  of  Prince  William  County,  son  of  Benjamin  and 
Hannah  Bates,  of  York  County,  and  Unity  Crew,  daughter 
of  Micajah  and  Margaret  Crew,  of  Hanover  County,  were  mar- 
ried at  Cedar  Creek  11-16-1803. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Micajali 
Crew,  Benj.  Crew,  Lemuel  Crew,  Walter  Crew,  Nicholas  Crew, Mica- 
jah Crew,  Jr.,  Daniel  Couch  Samuel  Johnson,  Joshua  Crew,  David 
Evans,  Thomas  Hatton,  Littleherry  Crew,  Thomas  Stanley,  Sr., 
Joshua  Stanley,  Isaac  Eatcliff,  Thomas  Stanley,  Thomas  Hatton, 
Jr.,  Catlett  Jones,  Clarke  Moorman,  Waddy  Stanley,  Thomas  Stan- 
ley, Jr.,  James  Cowgill,  Thomas  Harris,  Margaret  Crew,  Talitha 
Crew,  Unity  Ladd,  Deborah  Harris,  Eliza  E.  Pleasants,  Mary  Hat- 
ton, Eachel  Moorman,  Margaret  Eatcliff,  Susannah  Hatton,  Sarah 
Jones,  Sarah  Eichardson,  Martha  Eichardson,  Margaret  Crew, 
Louisa  Storrs,  Jane  Brooks,  Charlotte  Cowgill,  Marianna  L. 
Pleasants. 


Barclay  Ballard,  son  of  William  Ballard,  of  Bedford  County,  and 
Judith  Jolmson,  daughter  of  John  Johnson,  of  Amelia  County, 
were  married  3-37-1776. 

The  following  witnesses  sig-nod  the  marriage  certificate :  Ashley 
Johnson,  Jesse  Johnson,  Gerard  Johnson,  William  Johnson,  Ben. 
Johnson,  Mary  Johnson,  Ehzaheth  Johnson,  Judith  Johnson, 
Agatha  Johnson,  Jane  Jolmson,  Susannah  Johnson,  John  Johnson, 
Sr.,  Lydia  Johnson. 


Ashley  Johnson,  of  Campbell  County,  and  Milley  Johnson,  of 
Amelia  County,  were  married  3-13-1783. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Wil- 
liam Johnson,  Ashley  Johnson,  Sr.,  Jesse  Johnson,  Gerard  Johnson, 
John  Johnson,  Joseph  Johnson,  Thomas  Johnson,  Elizabeth  John- 
son, Elizabeth  Johnson,  Jr.,  Mary  Johnson,  Lydia  Johnson,  Jane 
Johnson,  Sarah  Johnson,  Druscilla  Johnson,  Samuel  Johnson, 


100  MAERIAGES. 

Christopher  Johnson,  son  of  Christopher  Johnson,  of  Campbell 

County,  and  Sarah  Hargrave,  daughter  of  Samuel  Hargrave 

(deceased),  of  Caroline  County,  were  married  at  Golansville 

Friends'  Meeting-house,  Caroline  County. 

The  f ollo^ving  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :   Samuel 

Hargrave,  Thomas  Hargrave,  Pleasant  Terrell,  Thomas  Terrell, 

John  Burch,  John  Kussell,  Pleasant  Cobbs,  Mathew  Terrell,  Jesse 

Terrell,  Rebecca  Terrell,  Martha  Hargrave,  Elizabeth  McGeehee, 

Amev  Terrell. 


Elisha  Johnson,  son  of  Eobert  Johnson,  of  the  County  of  Surrey, 
in  North  Carolina,  and  Jane  Johnson,  daughter  of  Ashley 
Johnson,  of  Amelia  County,  Va.,  were  married  3-16-1783. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :   Agatha 
Johnson,  Judith  Johnson,  Elizabeth  Johnson,  Jane  Johnson,  Susan 
Johnson,  Drusilla  Johnson,  Anno  Johnson,  Lydia  Johnson,  Eliza- 
beth Johnson,  Elizabeth  Piller,  Jesse  Johnson,  Jr.,  Ben.  Johnson, 
Thomas  Johnson,  Samuel  Johnson,  Wm.  Johnson,  Wm.  Johnson, 
Jr.,  Andrew  Johnson,  Andrew  Moorman,  Gerard  Johnson,  Johns 
Johnson,  Wm.  Johnson,  Gerard  Johnson,  Sr.,  Ashley  Johnson.  Sr., 
Jesse  Johnson,  Milley  Piller,  Judith  Johnson,  Lucy  Winston,  Chris- 
tian Winston,  Sarah  Johnson. 


James  Candler,  son  of  John  Candler,  of  Campbell  County,  and 

Agness   Johnson,   daughter  of  James  Johnson,   of   Louisa 

County,  were  married  1-16-1786. 

The  following  -wntnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     James 

Johnson,  Catlett  Jones,  George  Bell,  Sr.,  Elijah  Johnson,  Lewis 

Johnson,  Peter  Crawford,  George  Bell,  Xehemiah  Bloomer,  Martha 

Johnson,  Patty  Johnson,  Mary  Johnson,  Massey  Johnson,  Cisley 

Bell,  Betsy  Johnson,  Lucy  Johnson,  Ashley  Johnson. 


Nicholas  Johnson,  son  of  Christopher  Johnson,  of  Campbell 
County,  and  Martha  Hargrave,  daughter  of  Samuel  Har- 
grave (deceased),  of  Caroline  County,  were  married  at  Golans- 
ville Meeting-house  4-16-1788. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  tlie  marriage  certificate:     Jesse 

Hargrave,  Thomas  Hargrave,  Joseph  Hargrave,  Pleasant  Terrell, 


MARRIAGES.  101 

Jonathan  Terrell,  Clarke  T.  Moorman,  Pleasant  Cobbs,  Mathew 
P.  Terrell,  Henry  Chiles,  Ben.  Burch,  Robert  Terrell,  Joseph  Mc- 
G-eehee,  Samuel  Winston,  Ann  McGeehee,  Margaret  Terrell,  Salley 
Chiles,  Ursula  F.  Cheadle,  Caty  Terrell,  Rhoda  Moorman,  Rachel 
Moorman,  Sarah  Pettrus,  Rebecca  Terrell,  Salley  Moorman,  Salley 
Rogers,  Policy  Hewlett,  Rhoda  Terrell,  Elizabeth  Redd. 


John  Johnson,  son  of  Jesse  Johnson,   of  Amelia   County,   and 
Nancy  Hunnioutt,  of  Powhatan  County,  were  married  at 
Genito  Meeting-house,  in  Goochland  County,  13-12-1790. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :    Joseph 
Hunnicutt,  Jesse  Johnson,  Ashley  Johnson,  Jr.,  Ben.  Watkins,  Jos- 
eph Watkins,  Watkins  Johnson,  Thomas  Watkins,  Thomas  Stanley, 
Samuel  Parsons,  John  S.  Pleasants,  Cary  Pleasants,  Reuben  Pleas- 
ants, Daniel  Clark,  Robert  H.  Ross,  James  Pleasants,  Jr.,  John 
Hunnicutt,  Mary  Watkins,  Elizabeth    Watkins,    Salley    Watkins, 
Polly  Pleasants,  Elizabeth  T.  Pleasants,  Mary  Brooks,  Mary  Wat- 
kins, Nancy  Jude. 


Elijah  Johnson,  son  of  Ashley  and  Martha  Johnson,  of  Louisa 

County,  and  Betsy  Watkins,  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Pris- 

silla  Watldns,  of  Goochland  County,  were  married  at  Cedar 

Creek  Meeting-house,  in  Hanover  County,  4-13-1793. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Polly 

Watkins,  Sarah  Harris,  Betsy  Johnson,  Ann  Jones,  Janey  Redole, 

Rachel  Moorman,  Margaret  Crew,  Unity  Stanley,  Mary  Pleasants, 

Rachel  Harris,   Sarah  Parsons,   Sarah  Hatton,   Sarah  Pleasants, 

Judith  Crew,  Mary  Hatton,   Tace   Crew,   Edith   Harris,   Thomas 

Stanley,  Catlett  Jones,  William  Jackson,  Samuel  Terrell,  Samuel 

Parsons,  Thomas  Harris,  Thomas  Hatton,  John  Harris,  Joshua 

Stanley,  Benjamin  Russell,  Clark    T.    Moorman,    Micajah    Crew, 

Thomas  Harris,  Pleasant  Cobbs. 


John  Johnson,  son  of  James  Johnson,  of  Bedford  County,  and 
Dorothy  Crew,  daughter  of  James  Crew  (deceased),  of  Han- 
over County,  were  married  at  Cedar  Creek  Meeting-house  11- 
16-1796. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :    Judith 


103  MARRIAGES. 

Crew,  Elizabeth  Johnson,  Unity  Stanley,  Chlotilda  Harris,  Eachel 
Mooi-man,  Judith  Hart,  Mary  Crew,  Tace  Bates,  Margaret 
Vaughan,  Unity  Crew,  Susannah  Hatton,  Susannah  Davis,  Micajah 
Crew,  Thomas  Hands,  Jesse  Crew,  Littleberry  Crew,  Obadiah  Crew, 
Catlett  Jones,  Joshua  Stanley,  Thomas  Stanley,  Waddy  Stanley, 
Edmund  James,  Malcolm  Hart,  Benj.  Bates,  Jr. 


Thomas  T.  Cobbs,  son  of  Pleasant  Cobbs,  of  Caroline  County,  and 
Elizabeth  Johnson,  daughter  of  Benjamin  Johnson  (deceas- 
ed), of  Hanover  County,  were  married  at  Golansville  Meeting- 
house, in  Caroline  County,  4-16-1806. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     Pleas- 
ant Cobbs,  Joseph  Terrell,  Jonathan  Terrell,  Lewis  Cobbs,  Samuel 
Terrell,  Pleasant  Terrell,  Matilda  Terrell,  Eebecca  Terrell,  Mary 
Terrell,  Salley  Terrell,  Rebecca  Terrell,    Salley    Terrell,    Rhoda 
Cobbs,  Ann  Cobbs. 


Catlett  Jones  and  Ann  Barksdale,  of  Orange  Couxity,  were  mar- 
ried at  Cedar  Creek,  in  Hanover  County,  3-2-1789. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :  Achil- 
lis  Douglas,  Christopher  Johnson,  Clark  T.  Moorman,  Eobert 
Pleasants,  James  Hunnicutt,  Benjamin  Johnson,  John  Harris, 
Micajah  Crew,  Benjamin  Crew,  Thomas  Terrell,  Pleasant  Terrell, 
Nathan  Bell,  Thomas  Harris,  Elijah  Johnson,  Thomas  Pleasants, 
Samuel  Parsons,  Thomas  Hatton,  Eobert  Watkins,  Eachel  Moor- 
man, Eebecca  Terrell,  Eachel  Harris,  Chlotilda  Harris,  Edith  Har- 
ris, Sarah  Parsons,  Judith  Crew,  Susan  Watts,  Deborah  Pleasants, 
Margaret  Crew,  Sarah  Hatton,  Ehoda  Moorman,  Judith  Harris, 
Salley  Terrell,  Mar}^  Baughan,  Mary  Johnson,  Ann  Ladd,  Sarah 
Crew,  Mary  Pleasants,  Priscilla  Ladd. 


Joseph  Jokd.in,  of  the    County   of    Southampton,   and   Eebecca 
Harris,  daughter  of  'Jliomas  and  Chlotilda  Harris,  were  mar- 
ried 11-17-1819,  at  Cedar  Creek  Meeting-house,  in  Hanover 
County. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:    Thom- 
as Harris,  Micajah  Crew.  Benjamin  Harris,  Euth  Jordan,  Thomas 
Himnicutt,  Samuel  Terrell,  Thos.  S.  Pleasants,  P.  Winston,  Lemuel 


MARKIAGES.  103 

Crew,  Olivia  Ladd,  Joshua  Bates,  Mieajah  Bates,  Samuel  B.  Eiee, 
Lemuel  Vaxighan,  James  Holman,  Thomas  Terrell,  Boiling 
Vaughan,  Joseph  Maule,  Jos.  D.  Bates,  Walter  Crew,  Joseph 
Vaughan,  Elizabeth  Terrell,  Eliza  M.  Gordon,  Isabella  Harris,  Mar- 
garet Vaughan,  Unity  S.  Harris,  Mary  Ann  Terrell,  Margaret  M. 
Crew,  Mary  M.  Pope,  Elizabeth  Hunnicutt,  Elizabeth  Maule,  Unity 
Bates,  Anna  Crew,  Catharine  M.  Dabney,  Martha  M.  Dahney,  Anna 
L.  Vaughan,  Jane  Dabney. 


Obediah   Crew,   son  of  James   Crew    (deceased),   of   Goochland 
County,  and  Mary  Peatross,  daughter  of  John  and  Sarah 
Peatross,  of  Caroline  County,    were    married    at    Golansville 
Meeting-house  3-10-1799. 
The  followdng  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     John 
Peatross,   Thomas   Terrell,   John  Johnson,  Jesse   Crew,   Timothy 
Terrell,  Thomas  Peatross,  William  Peatross,  Malcolm  Hart,  Rich- 
ard Peatross,  Anthony  New,    Pleasant    Terrell,    Pleasant    Cobb, 
Mathew  Terrell,  Dorothy  Johnson,  Joanna  Terrell,  Sally  Terrell, 
Caty  Terrell,  Rhoda  Anthony,  Amey  Cobbs,  Anna  Peatross,  Nancy 
New,  Elizabeth  Peatross,  Rebecca  Terrell. 


Gilbert  Congdon,  son  of  Jonathan  and  Elizabeth  Congdon,  of 
Providence,  R.  I.,  and  Elizabeth  A.  Crenshaw,  daughter  of 
Nathaniel  C.  and  Ann  C.  Crenshaw  (the  latter  deceased),  of 
Hanover  County,  were  married  at  Cedar  Creek  Meeting-house 
2-14-1856. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :    Wm.  J. 
Carpenter,  J.  Alonza  Smith,  J.  Walker  Carpenter,  J.  D.  G.  Brown, 
William  R.  Winn,  Edward  W.  Kimloys,  Chas.  H.  Vaughan,  Thos. 
L.  Jones,  Benjamin  Vaughan,  John  Ellett,  Robert  W.  Bigiow,  J. 
Clifton  Carpenter,  Jesse  Stanley,  Thos.  F.  Waldrop,  Jos.  P.  Ter- 
rell, H.  L.  Tiller,  John  I.  Jones,  Abram  Stanley,  Mary  I.  Vaughan, 
Lavinia  A.  Brown,  Unity  W.  Fulcher,  Indianna  H.  Crenshaw,  En- 
dora  I.  Lowry,  Francis  I.  Stanley,  Nathaniel  C.  Crenshaw,  Eliza 
H.  Crenshaw,  Samuel  H.  Congdon,  Mary  J.  Crenshaw,  John  B. 
Crenshaw,  Rachel  H.  Crenshaw,  F.  Edmonia  Crenshaw,  Nathaniel 
B.  Crenshaw,  Margaret  M.  Crew,  Edmund  Taber,  Mary  H.  Pretlow, 


104  MARRIAGES. 

Julia  C.  Pretlow,  Joshua  Pretlow,  Jordan  D.  Pretlow,  Tace  C. 
Bates,  Samuel  Janney,  Gerard  Hopkins,  Abram  V.  Trimble,  Eich- 
ard  A.  Eicks,  Martha  A.  Bates,  Micajah  Bates,  Hannah  Bates. 


Joel  Cook,  son  of  Josiah  and  Lydia  Cook,  of  Isle  of  Wight  County, 
and  Deborah  Harris,  daughter    of    Thomas    and    Chlotilda 
Harris,   of   Hanover   County,   were  married  at   Cedar   Creek 
1-17-1817. 
The  following  witnesses  signed    the    marriage    certificate:      P. 
Winston,  Micajah  Bates,  Bowling  Vaughan,  Lemuel  Vaughan,  Jos- 
eph Pretlow,  Nathaniel  C.  Crenshaw,  Lemuel  Crew,  Philip  Brooks, 
Thomas  Hunnicutt,  John  Crew,  Thomas  Harris,  Benjamin  Harris, 
Ehjah  Cook,  Joseph  Poster,  Wm.  H.    Pleasants,    Jolm    Pretlow, 
George  I.  Knight,  Thomas  S.  Pleasants,  Thomas  Hargrave,  James 
Crew,  Eebecca  Harris,  Ehzabeth  Cook,  Isabella  Harris,  Eliza  M. 
Gordan,  Margaret  Vaughan,    Elizabeth    Bates,    Elizabeth    Maule, 
Margaret  M.  Crew,  Jane  Brooks,  Eliza  Hunnicutt,  ]\Iartha  Har- 
grave, Lucy  Bates. 


Thomas  Stanley,  son  of  John  Stanley,  and  Unity  Crew,  daugh- 
ter of  James  Crew,  were  married  at  Cedar  Creek  Meeting- 
house, in  Hanover  County,  12-20-1780. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     John 
Stanley,  James  Crew,  Micajah  Crew,  Joshua  Stanley,  Littlebury 
Stanley,  Sliadrack  Stanley,  Moses  Harris,  John  Harris,  John  Shel- 
ton,  Nicholas  Stanley,  Hutcliins,  John  Anderson,  Agnes  Stanley, 
Ursula  Stanley,  Mary  Payne,  Elizabeth  Strong,  Sarah  Strong,  Ee- 
becca Stanley,  Sarah  Stanley,  Huldah  Stanley,  Mary  Strong,  Mar- 
garet  Stanley,  Nancy   Shelton,   Dollcy  Payne,  Elizabeth  Harris, 
Susannah  Stanley. 


Littleberry  Stanley,  son  of  Thomas    Stanley,    and    Aggatha 

Stanley,  daughter  of  John  Stanley,  were  married  at  Cedar 

Creek  Meeting-house,  in  Hanover  County,  3-2-1787. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate :    Ursley 

Stanley,  Elizabeth  Strong,  Eebecca  Stanley,  Judith  Crew,  Peggy 


MARRIAGES.  105 

Stanley,  Lucy  Camron,  Edith  Harris,  Eachel  Harris,  Nancy  Stan- 
ley, Mary  Alvis,  Susannah  Stanley,  Jane  CalHhan,  Dorothy  Aus- 
tin, Sarah  Harris,  Mildred  Maddox,  Susannah  Harris,  Elizabeth 
Camron,  Catharine  Camron,  Edith  Stanley,  Eachel  Callihan,  Fan- 
ney  Stanley,  Fanney  James,  Huldah  Stanley,  Martha  Stanley, 
Waddy  Stanley,  Joshua  Stanley,  James  Crew,  Thomas  Stanley, 
Micajah  Crew,  John  Harris,  John  W.  Maddox,  John  Harris,  Sam- 
uel Harris,  James  Stanley,  John  Strong,  George  Strong,  Fort. 
Sydnor. 


LiTTLEBEERT  Crew,  SOU  of  James  and  Judith  Crew,  and  Huldah 
Stanley,  daughter  of  John  and  Milley  Stanley,  were  married 
at  Cedar  Creek  Meeting-house  7-11-1797. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  John 
Stanley,  Jesse  Crew,  Obadiah  Crew,  Jonathan  Stanley,  Joshua 
Stanley,  Thomas  Stanley,  Waddy  Stanley,  Benj.  Bates,  Jr.,  Thomas 
Hatton,  Catlitt  Jones,  Lemuel  Jones,  Fleming  Bates,  Micajah 
Crew,  Edwin  James,  John  Thompson,  Thomas  Mallory,  Judith 
Crew,  Huldah  Stanley,  Unity  Stanley,  Edith  Stanley,  Eebecca 
Stanley,  Mary  Crew,  Agness  Stanley,  Chlotilda  Harris,  Eachel 
Moorman. 


Joshua  Stanley,  son  of  John  Stanley,  and  Eachel  Harris. 
daughter  of  John  Harris  (deceased),  were  married  at  Cedar 
Creek  Meeting-house,  in  Hanover  County,  12-12-1798. 

The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:  John 
Stanley,  Thomas  Stanley,  Thomas  Harris,  Jonathan  Stanley, 
Joshua  Stanley,  Thomas  Harris,  Littleberry  Crew,  Catlett  Jones, 
Clark  Moorman,  Thomas  Stanley,  Jr.,  Waddy  Stanley,  Thomas 
Hatton,  Jesse  Crew,  Fleming  Bates,  Lemuel  Crew,  Obadiah  Crew, 
John  Johnson,  Eachel  Harris,  Edith  Harris,  Sarah  Harris,  Eebecca 
Stanley,  Unity  Stanley,  Mary  Hatton,  Eachel  Moorman,  Margaret 
Vaughan,  Judith  Crew,  Chlotilda  Han-is,  Unity  Crew,  Susanna 
Hatton. 


106  MAKRIAGES. 

JoxATiiAX    Stanley,   son   of   John   Stanley,   and   Mart    Crew, 
daughter  of  James  Crew   (deceased),  were  married  at  Cedar 
Creek  Meeting-house  12-19-1798. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  certificate:     John 
Stanley,  Littleberry  Crew,  Jesse  Crew,  Joshua  Stanley,  Sr.,  Joshua 
Stanley,  Jr.,  John  Johnson,  Thomas  Stanley,  Sr.,  Obadiah  Crew, 
Thomas  Stanley,  Jr.,  Waddy  Stanley,  Catlitt  Jones,  Clark  Moor- 
man, Micajah  Crew,  Thomas    Harris,    Thomas    Maddox,    Lemuel 
Crew,  Moses  Stanley,  Fleming  Bates  Judith  Crew,  Dorothy  John- 
son,  Judith   Hart,   Unity    Stanley,   Eachel   Moorman,    Margaret 
Vaughan,  Sarah  Harris,  Rachel  Stanley,  Unity  Crew,  Jane  Hart. 
Margaret  Crew,  Ann  Jones. 


Thomas  T.  Cobb,  son  of  Pleasant  Cobb,  of  Caroline  County,  and 
Martha  Stanley,  daughter  of  Littleberry  Stanley,  of  Han- 
over County,  were    married    at    Cedar    Creek    Meeting-house 
12-4-1808. 
The  following  witnesses  signed  the  marriage  ceremony :     Little- 
berry Stanley,  Pleasant  Cobb.  Thomas  Maddox,  Solomon  Stanley, 
John  Maddox,  Thomas  Stanley,  Joshua  Crew,  Thomas   Stanley, 
Walter  Crew,  Benjamin  Bates,  Lemuel  Crew,  James  Winston,  Ed- 
ward N".  Clough,  Samuel  Higgason,  Benjamin  Vaughan,  Jr.,  Tace 
Bates,   Susanna  Maddox,  Elizabeth  Harris,  Elizabeth  Blackburn, 
Abigal  Cobb,  Eebecca  Cobb,  Nancy  Stanley,  Margaret  Vaughan, 
Agness  Stanley,  Deborah  Harris,  Eachel  Moorman,  Susanna  Hat- 
ton,  Amy  Stanley,  Sarah  Blackburn,  Milly  Stanley,  Sally  Pleasants, 
Margaret  Crew,  Guli  E.  M.  Stanley,  Sarah  Ladd,  Elizabeth  Clough, 
Nancy  Stanley. 


CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL 


CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL. 


To   the  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  at  Cedar  GreeTc,  Hanover 
County. 

Deae  Feiends: 

Mary  Terrell  having  lately  removed  from  these  parts  (by  mar- 
riage) and  now  resides  within  your  limits:  these  are  therefore  to 
inform  you  that  she  is  of  an  orderly  life  and  conversation,  a  fre- 
quenter of  our  religious  meetings,  and  a  friend  in  Unity.  We, 
therefore,  recommend  her  to  your  Christian  regard,  and  are  your 
affectionate  Friends.  Signed  by  order  and  on  behalf  of  our  Month- 
ly Meeting,  held  at  the  White  Oak  Swamp  in  Henrico  County,  the 
1st  day  of  the  12th  month,  1789.  James  Ladd^  Clerk. 

Unity  Ladd^  Clerk  This  Time. 


To  Friends  of  Cedar  CreeJc  Monthly  Meeting. 

Deae  Feiends: 

Mary  Bailey  Terrell,  being  removed  by  marriage  to  reside  within 
your  limits,  requests  a  few  lines  by  way  of  certificate.  These  do, 
therefore,  certify  on  her  behalf  that  she  is  a  member  in  unity  with 
us,  and  of  orderly  life,  as  such  we  recommend  her  to  your  Christian 
care  and  notice.    We  remain  your  loving  friends  and  brethren. 

Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  our  Monthly  Meeting  held  at  White 
Oak  Swamp,  the  7th  day  of  the  2nd  month,  1795. 

Thomas  Ladd, 

ISABETH    LaDD. 


To  the  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  held  at  Southriver,  in  Camp- 
hell  County. 

Deae  Feiends  : 

Pattey  Terrell  (wife  of  David),  having  removed  from  us  and  set- 
tled within  the  limits  of  your  meeting,  we  certify  that  she  is  a  mem- 
ber of  our  religious  society  and  orderly  in  her  life  and  conversation 
whilst  among  us,  and  as  such  we  recommend  her  to  your  care,  and 
remain  your  friends. 


110  CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL. 

Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  a  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends,  held 
at  Cedar  Creek,  in  Hanover  County,  the  13th  of  the  6th  month, 
1795_  MicAjAH   Crew, 

Chlotilda  Harris, 

Clerks. 


To  the  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  held  in  Henrico  County  at 
White  Oak  Swamp. 
Dear  Friends  : 

Our  Friend  Nancy  Crew,  having  (by  marriage)  removed  within 
the  limits  of  your  Montlily  Meetings,  requests  our  certificate  to  join 
her  thereto.  These  may  certify  on  her  behalf  that  she  was  a  dili- 
gent attender  of  our  religious  meetings,  and  as  far  as  appears,  of  an 
orderly  life  whilst  amongst  us ;  and  as  such  we  recommend  her  to 
your  Christian  care,  and  are  your  friends. 

Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  our  Monthly  Meeting,  held  at  Cedar 
Creek,  in  Hanover  County,  the  28th  of  the  2nd  month,  1795. 

MiCAjAH  Crew, 
Chlotilda  Harris, 
Clerks. 


Littleberry  Crew  was  granted  a  certificate  of  removal  from 
Wrightsborough  Monthly  Meeting,  held  the  5th  day  of  the  3rd 
month,  1796,  at  Wrightsborough  in  Georgia,  to  Cedar  Creek  Month- 
ly Meeting,  held  in  Hanover  County  in  Virginia. 

Camm  Thomas,  Clerk. 


Margaret  Crew  was  granted  a  certificate  of  removal  from  White 
Oak  Swamp  Monthly  Meeting  in  Henrico  County  to  Cedar  Creek 
Monthly  Meeting  in  Hanover  County. 

Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  our  Monthly  Meeting  held  at  White 
Oak  Swamp  the  2nd  day  of  the  1st  month,  1802. 

Eobert   Crew, 
Jane  Ladd, 

Clerks. 


CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL.  Ill 

Jesse  Crew  was  granted  a  certificate  of  removal  from  Cedar 
Creek  Monthly  Meeting  held  the  13th  of  the  3rd  month,  1802,  to 
the  Southland  Monthly  held  in  Culpeper  County. 

Benjamin  Bates,  Jr.,  Clerk. 


Joshua  Crew  was  granted  a  certificate  of  removal  from  a  Month- 
ly Meeting  held  at  Wliite  Oak  Swamp,  Henrico  County,  the  6th  of 
3rd  month,  1803,  to  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting,  Hanover  Coun- 
ty. EoBERT  Crew,  Clerk. 


To  Cedar  Creeh  Monthly  Meeting. 

Dear  Friends  : 

Jesse  Crew  having  made  application  to  us  for  a  certificate  in  or- 
der to  be  joined  to  your  meeting,  he  sometime  ago  produced  one  to 
this  meeting,  was  received,  and  as  he  has  not  been  much  among  us 
since,  therefore  we  cannot  say  much  more  al)out  him,  than  as  a 
member  of  our  Society  we  recommend  him  to  your  care  and  are 
your  friends. 

Signed  in  and  by  order  of  Southland  ]\Ionthly  Meeting,  held  the 
2nd  of  the  11th  month,  1803.  Levi  Lukens,  Clerk  at  This  Time. 


To  Cedar  Creeh  Monthly  Meeting  in  Hanover  County. 

Dear  Friends  : 

Nicholas  Crew,  with  his  wife  Druscilla,  and  their  two  sons,  Mi- 
cajah  and  John,  having  removed  and  settled  within  the  limits  of 
your  meeting,  hath  requested  our  certificate  to  join  them  thereto. 
On  enquiring  we  do  not  find  but  that  their  outward  affairs  are  set- 
tled, and  they  being  members  of  our  Society,  we  recommend  them  to 
your  care,  and  are  your  friends. 

Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  our  Monthly  Meeting  at  South  Eiver, 
in  Campbell  County,  the  10th  day  of  the  9th  month,  1803. 

Joseph  Fisher,  Clerk. 
Eebeccah  Preston,  Clerk  This  Time. 


A  certificate  of  removal  to  Wliite  Oak  Swamp  Monthly  Meeting 
was  granted  to  Joshua  Crew  by  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  the 
11th  of  the  2nd  month,  1804.  Benjamin  Bates,  Clerk. 


112  CEETinCATES  OF  REMOVAL. 

To  Salem  Monthly  Meeting  in  Ohio  State. 

Dear  Friends  : 

Obadiah  Crew  and  his  wife  Mary  with  their  children,  John,  Sara, 
Judith  and  Eliza  Ann,  having  removed  within  your  limits,  we  here- 
by inform  you  that  they  are  members  of  our  religious  Society,  of 
conduct  in  a  good  degree  orderly,  and  that  his  affairs  are  settled  to 
satisfaction,  as  far  as  we  find.  As  such  we  recommend  them  to 
your  Christian  care  and  oversight  and  remain  your  friends. 

Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  a  Monthly  Meeting  held  at  Cedar 
Creek,  in  Hanover  County,  the  11  of  the  4th  month,  1807. 


To  the  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  at  Salem  in  the  State  of  Ohio. 
Dear  Friends  : 

Lemuel  Terrell,  a  member  of  our  Meeting,  requests  our  certificate 
to  join  himself,  his  wife  Eebecea  and  daughter  Kitty,  to  your 
Meeting.  These  are  to  certify  that  they  have  been  frequent  at- 
tenders  of  our  Meetings  and  have  settled  their  affairs  to  satisfaction 
and  as  such  we  recommend  them  to  your  Christian  care  and  over- 
sight and  remain  your  friends  and  brethren. 

Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  our  meeting,  held  at  Cedar  Creek,  in 
Hanover  County,  Virginia,  this  13th  day  of  the  9th  month,  1806. 

Benjamin  Bates, 
Chlotilda  Harris, 
Clerks. 


To  the  Monthly  Meeting  at  Wayne  Oah,  in  Charles  City  County. 

Dear  Friends: 

Thomas  Scattergood  Terrell  having  removed  within  the  limits 
of  your  meeting  these  are  to  certify  that  he  hath  a  right  of  mem- 
bership among  us  and  inquiry  being  made  we  find  his  affairs  settled 
as  far  as  we  know,  we  therefore  recommend  Mm  to  your  Christian 
care  and  oversight  and  are  your  friends. 

Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting,  the 
12th  day  of  the  9th  month,  1812.        Benjamin  Bates,  Clerk. 


To  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  in  Hanover  County,  Virginia. 
Dear  Friends  : 
Kebecca  Terrell  having  removed  with  her  husband  within  the 


CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL.  113 

verge  of  your  Meeting,  requests  our  certificate  thereto.  On  enquir- 
ing, nothing  appears  to  obstruct  our  recommending  her  with  their 
four  minor  children,  namely,  Kitty  Pleasant,  Nancy  Thomas,  Eob- 
ert  Samuel  and  Nicy  Lynch,  to  your  Christian  care  and  notice,  and 
remain  your  friends. 

Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  Salem  Monthly  Meeting,  held  the 
17th  of  the  11th  month,  1812. 

John  Street^ 
Esther  French^ 
Clerks. 


To  the  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends,  held  at  Short  Creek,  in  the' 
State  of  Ohio. 

Dear  Friends  : 

Sally  Terrell,  with  her  children,  Mahala,  Kachel,  Thomas,  Clarke, 
Joanna  and  Mathew,  having  removed  within  the  limits  of  your 
Meeting,  requests  our  certificate.  We  may  inform  you  that  she  is 
a  member  of  our  religious  society,  in  good  esteem  among  us,  she 
being  diligent  in  the  attendance  of  meetings,  exemplary  in  her  de- 
portment, and,  as  far  as  appears,  has  settled  her  affairs  to  satisfac- 
tion. Desiring  her  growth  in  the  truth,  and  the  preservation  of 
her  infant  charge,  we  recommend  them  to  your  Christian  care  and 
are  your  friends. 

Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  the  9th 
of  the  10th  month,  1813. 

Lemuel  Crew^  Clerk. 

Deborah  Harris,  Clerk  This  Time. 


To  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  of  Hanover  County,  Virginia. 

Dear  Friends  : 

Thomas  Terrell  having  removed  and  settled  within  the  limits  of 
your  meeting,  requests  our  certificate  to  join  him  thereto.  This 
may  certify  that  on  enquiry  we  find  nothing  to  obstruct.  We  there- 
fore recommend  him  as  a  member  of  our  Society  to  your  friendly 
care  and  notice  and  are  your  friends. 

Signed  in  and  by  order  of  Short  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  of  Ohio, 
held  the  18th  day  of  the  4th  month,  1820.     Lewis  Walker,  Clerk. 


114  CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL. 

To  WayanoaJc  Monthly  Meeting  in  Henrico,  Charles  City  County. 
Dear  Friends  : 

A  certificate  for  Caty  Terrell  being  requested  to  join  her  to  your 
meeting,  these  are  to  certify  that  she  is  a  member  of  our  religious 
Society.  As  such  we  recommend  her  to  your  Christian  care  and  are 
your  friends. 

Signed  by  direction  of  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting,  held  the 
9th  day  of  the  4th  month,  1831. 


To  Sinithficld  Monthly  Meeting,  Ohio. 
Dear  Friends  : 

William  J.  Lewis  having  removed  within  the  verge  of  your  Meet- 
ing with  his  wife,  Ann  L.  T.,  and  their  infant  child,  Sarah  E.,  and 
requested  our  certificate,  we  do  therefore  certify  that  they  are  mem- 
bers of  our  religious  Society  and  that  their  affairs  appear  to  be  set- 
tled to  satisfaction.  We  recommend  them  to  your  Christian  care 
and  oversight  and  are  your  friends. 

Signed  by  direction  and  on  behalf  of  our  Monthly  Meeting  of 
Friends,  held  at  Cedar  Creek,  in  Hanover  County,  Virginia,  the 
14th  of  the  9th  month,  1833. 

Nathaniel  C.  Crenshav^^,  Clerk  This  Time. 
Ann  Crew,  Clerk  This  Time. 


To  South  Biver  Monthly  Meeting  in  Campbell  County,  Virginia. 
Dear  Friends  : 

Lucy  T.  Johnson  having  removed  ^vithin  the  verge  of  your  Meet- 
ing, these  are  to  certify  that  she  is  a  member  of  our  religious  So- 
ci(>ty.  As  such  we  recommend  hor  to  your  Christian  care  and  over- 
sight and  remain  your  friends. 

Signed  by  direction  and  on  l)ehalf  of  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meet- 
ing, held  the  14th  of  the  9th  month,  1833. 

Nathaniel  C.  Crenshaw, 
Ann  Crew, 

Clerks  at  This  Time. 


CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL.  115 

To  Pleasant  Plains  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends,  Jefferson  County, 
Iowa. 

Dear  Friends  : 

Edwin  Terrell,  a  member  with  us,  having  removed  within  your 
limits,  has  requested  our  certificate  to  join  him  to  you,  and  finding 
nothing  to  prevent,  we  hereby  recommend  him  to  your  Christian 
care  and  oversight. 

Signed  by  direction  and  on  behalf  of  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meet- 
ing, held  the  19th  of  the  7th  month,  1847. 

Walter  Crew^  Clerk. 


Edwin  Terrell  asked  for  a  certificate  to  Spring  Creek  Monthly 
Meeting  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  which  was  granted  by  Cedar  Creek 
Mo.  Meeting,  held  in  Eichmond,  Virginia,  the  11th  day  of  the  1st 
month,  1854. 

John  B.  Crenshaw,  Clerk. 

Nathaniel  C.  Crenshaw,  Correspondent. 


A  certificate  of  removal  to  Salem  Monthly  Meeting  in  Oliio  was 
granted  to  Littleberry  Crew  and  Huldah,  his  wife,  with  their  minor 
children,  James,  Benjamin,  Mildred,  Judith  and  Sarah,  by  Cedar 
Creek  Monthly  Meeting  Hanover  County,  Va.,  held  the  14th  day  of 
the  11th  month,  1807. 

Benjamin  Bates,  Clerk. 


A  certificate  of  removal  to  Salem  Monthly  Meeting  in  Oliio  was 
granted  to  Judith  Crew  by  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting,  the  12tli 
day  of  the  12th  month,  1807. 

Benjamin  Bates, 
Chlotilda  Harris, 
Clerks. 


A  certificate  of  removal  to  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  in  Han- 
over County,  Va.,  was  granted  to  Peggy  Crew  (late  Ladd)  by  Way- 
noke  Monthly  Meeting,  held  the  2nd  day  of  the  1st  month,  1808. 

Egbert  Crew,  Clerk. 

Mary  Ladd,  Clerk  at  This  Time. 


116  CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAi. 

A  certificate  of  removal  to  Waynoke  Monthly  Meeting  was 
granted  to  Joshua  Crew  by  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  the  14th 
day  of  the  1st  month,  1809. 

Benjamin  Bates^  Clerk. 


A  certificate  of  removal  to  Waynoke  Monthly  Meeting  was 
granted  to  Jesse  and  Margaret  Crew,  with  their  infant  children, 
Lancelot,  Elizabeth  Ladd,  Judith,  Owen  Milton,  and  Obediah,  by 
Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting,  held  the  11th  of  the  2nd  month, 
1813. 

Lemuel  Crew^ 
Deborah   Harris, 

Clerks. 


A  certificate  of  removal  to  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  was 
granted  to  Ann  Crew  (lately  Hargrave)  by  Waynoke  Monthly 
Meeting,  held  the  6th  day  of  the  4th  month,  1816. 

Egbert  Crew,  Clerk. 
Deborah  Harris,  Clerk  This  Time. 


A  certificate  of  removal  to  Baltimore  Monthly  Meeting  was 
granted  to  Mica j ah  Crew  (minor  son  of  Lemuel  Crew)  by  Cedar 
Creek  Monthly  Meeting,  held  the  13th  day  of  the  5th  month,  1837. 

Joseph  J.  Pleasants,  Clerk. 


A  certificate  of  removal  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  was  granted  to 
Thomas  F.  Crew  by  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting,  held  the  14th 
day  of  the  9th  month,  1839. 

Joseph  J.  Pleasants,  Clerk. 


A  certificate  of  removal  to  Short  Creek  Monthly  ]\Ieeting,  Ohio, 
was  granted  to  Lemuel  Crew,  his  wife  Anna,  with  their  children, 
Margaret  E.,  Samuel  H.,  Walter,  Tarlton,  Deborah  D.,  Henriette, 
and  Anna,  by  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting,  held  the  11th  day  of 
the  2nd  month  1843. 

Joseph  J.  Pleasants,  Clerk. 


CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL.  117 

Extracts   from    the    Certificates   Granted   by   South   River 
Monthly  Meeting  to  Other  Monthly  Meetings. 


John  Stanley,  Sarah,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Sussanna,  Ab- 
raham, Abigal  and  Zachariah,  removed  to  Westfield  Monthly  Meet- 
ing, Surry  County,  2-18-1792. 

AcHiLLis  Douglas,  Clerk, 
Matilda  Egberts^  Clerk. 


William  Davis,  his  wife,  Zalinda,  and  daughter,  Sarah,  removed 
to  Goose  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  in  Bedford  County,  4-11-1795. 

Achillis  Douglas, 
Matilda  Egberts, 

Clerks. 


James  Johnson,  Penelope,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Elizabeth, 
Sarah,  Joseph,  Jesse,  Judith,  Mary,  Penelope,  Anthony,  Agnes  and 
Eachel,  removed  to  Goose  Creek  in  Bedford  County,  5-9-1795. 

Achillis  Douglas, 
Matilda  Egberts, 

Clerks. 


John  Johnson,  son  of  James,  removed  to  Cedar  Creek  Monthly 
Meeting  in  Hanover  County,  1-18-1794. 

\  Samuel  Davis,  Clerk  This  Time. 


Abraham  Eunker  removed  to  New  Garden  Meeting  in  North 
Carolina,  1-18-1794.  Samuel  Davis,  Clerk  This  Time. 


Eichard  Tullis,  Jr.,  removed  to  Goose  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  in 
Bedford  County,  2-13-1796.  Achillas  Douglas,  Clerk. 


Eobert  Wright  and  Eachel,  his  wife,  removed  to  Fairfax  Monthly 
Meeting,  4-9-1796. 

Joseph  Fisher,  Clerk  at  This  Time. 
Matilda  Egberts,  Clerk. 


118  CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL. 

Joseph  Anthony  and  Ehoda,  his  wife,  and  Samuel  Parsons,  their 
son,  removed  to  Henrico  Monthly  Meeting,  9-10-1796. 

AcHiLLis  Douglas, 
Matilda  Egberts, 

Clerks. 


Thomas  Burgess  removed  to  Deer  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  in 
Harford  County,  Md.,  4-18-1797.       Joseph  Fisher,  Jr.,  Clerk. 


Naomi  Davis  removed  to  "White  Oak  Swamp  Monthly  Meeting, 
8-11-1798. 

Joseph  Fisher,  Jr.,  and  Matilda  Egberts,  Clerks. 


Jesse  "Williams,  Sarah,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Micajah  Ter- 
rell, Anna  and  Acliillis,  removed  to  New  Garden  Monthly  Meeting 
in  North  Carolina,  4-13-1799. 

Joseph  Fisher,  Jr.,  and  Matilda  Egberts,  Clerks. 


Agatha  Dicks  with  her  four  minor  cliildren,  namely,  Nathan, 
Sarah,  Micajah,  Achillis,  removed  to  New  Garden  Monthly  Meet- 
ing in  North  CaroHna,  2-8-1800. 

Joseph  Fisher,  Jr.,  and  Eebecca  Preston,  Clerks. 


Micajah  Davis,  his  wife  Mary,  and  their  children,  Susanna,  Mar- 
tha, Mary,  Samuel,  David,  Eichard,  Micajah,  Annis  and  Eobert 
Pleasants,  removed  to  "White  Oak  Monthly  Meeting  in  Henrico 
County,  12-14-1799. 

Joseph  Fisher,  Jr.,  and  Matilda  Egberts,  Clerks. 


Samuel  Carey,  Eachel,  his  wife,  and  their  children  (to-wit) ,  Jona- 
than, Sarah,  John,  Samuel,  Eachel,  Thomas  and  Elias,  removed  to 
Westfield  Monthly  Meeting,  North  Carolina,  8-11-1800. 

Joseph  Fisher,  Jr.,  and  Matilda  Egberts,  Clerks. 


Cynthia  Bradficld  and  infant  son,  John,  removed  to  Westfield 
Monthly  Meeting,  11-8-1800. 

Joseph  Fisher,  Jr.,  and  Matilda  Egberts,  Clerks. 


CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL.  119 

James  Stanton  with  Mary,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Hannah 
and  John,  removed  to  Centre  Monthly  Meeting,  North  Carolina, 
5-9-1801. 

Joseph  Fisher^  Jr.,  and  Matilda  Roberts,  Clerks. 


John  James,  with  Martha,  his  wife,  and  their  cliildren,  Benjamin 
and  Elizabeth,  removed  to  Westland  Monthly  Meeting  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, 7-11-1801. 

Joseph  Fisher,  Jr.,  and  Rebecca  Preston",  Clerks. 


Rohert  Hanna,  with  Catharine,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Rob- 
ert, Esther,  Catharine  and  Ann,  removed  to  Westland  Monthly 
Meeting  in  Pennsylvania,  9-12-1801.  This  same  Monthly  Meeting 
granted  Certificates  of  removal  to  Thomas  and  Benjamin  Hanna  on 
the  same  date.  Joseph  Fisher,  Jr.,  Clerk. 


Jonas  Harris  removed  to  Westland  Monthly  Meeting,  9-12-1801. 

Asa  Holloway,  with  Mary,  his  wiie,  and  their  children,  Stanton, 
Mary,  Sarah,  Isaac,  Hannah,  Eli,  and  James,  removed  to  Westland 
Meeting,  9-12-1801. 

Benjamin  Stratton,  with  Amy  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Re- 
becca, Naomi  and  Levi,  removed  to  Westland  Monthly  Meeting, 
9-10-1801. 

James  Ferrell  (being  in  his  minority)  removed  with  his  father 
to  Westland  Meeting  in  Pennsylvania,  10-10-1801. 

Daniel  Stratton,  with  Shady,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  John, 
Margaret,  Mary,  Daniel,  and  Elias,  removed  to  Westland  Monthly 
Meeting  in  Pennsylvania  10-10-1801. 

Joseph  Fisher,  Jr.,  and  Rebekah,  Clerks. 


Mary  Via  removed  to  Westland  Monthly  Meeting  In  Pennsyl- 
vania, 9-11-1802. 

Joseph  Fisher,  Jr.,  and  Matilda  Roberts,  Clerks. 


Jacob  Stratton,  with  Rebecah,  his  wife,   removed   to    Westland 
Meeting,  9-11-1802. 


120  CERTIFICATES  OP  REMOVAL. 

John  Tellus,  with  Sarah,  his  wife,  and  their  cliildren,  Eebeccah, 
Richard,  Jane  and  Mary,  removed  to  Westland  Meeting,  9-11-1802. 

Joseph  Stratton,  with  Naomi,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Han- 
nah and  Joe,  moved  to  Westland  Meeting,  9-11-1802. 

Joseph  Fisher  and  Matilda  Roberts,  Clerks. 


Nicholas  Crew,  with  Driicilla,  his  wife,  and  their  sons,  Micajah 
H.  and  John,  moved  to  Cedar  Creek  Meeting  in  Hanover  County, 
9-10-1803. 

Joseph  Fisher,  Clerk,  and  Rebekah  Preston,  Clerk  at  This  Time. 


James  Stanton  and  Agnes,  liis  wife,  moved  to  Gravelly  Rim  Meet- 
ing in  Dinwiddle  County,  11-12-1803. 

Joseph  Fisher  and  Matilda  Roberts,  Clerks. 


Extracts  from  the  Certificates  of  Removal  Granted  by  South 
River  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  in  Campbell  County, 
Virginia,  to  Various  Monthly  Meetings  in  the  State  of  Ohio. 


Gideon  Bloxom  removed  to  Concord  Montlily  Meeting,  10-13- 
1804. 

William  Bloxom,  Ms  wife  Mary,  and  thoir  children,  James, 
Nancy,  Elizabeth  and  Mariah,  removed  to  Concord,  8-10-1805. 

Mourning  Timberlake  removed  to  Concord,  11-9-1805. 

Abraham  Wildman,  with  Ijettia,  his  wife,  and  their  children, 
Jonah,  Elizabeth,  Amy,  Deborah,  Mahlon,  Mar}-,  Sarah,  Nancy  and 
Jesse,  removed  to  Concord,  9-14-1805. 

Joseph  Fisher  and  Matilda  Roberts,  Clerks. 


CERTIFICATES  OP  REMOVAL.  121 


Certificates  to  Middleton  Meeting,  Ohio. 


William  Eeader  removed  4-10-1805. 

Amos  Holloway  with  his  wife,  Hepsibah,  and  their  children, 
Phoebe,  Stephen,  Ehoda,  Job,  Aaron,  Hnlda,  Jason,  Anna  and 
Elizabeth,  removed  8-10-1805. 

John  Fisher,  with  Eachel,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Eobert 
and  Joseph,  removed  8-10-1805. 

Thomas  Eeader,  with  Priscilla,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Eliz- 
abeth and  Priscilla,  removed  10-9-1805. 

Nancy  Terrell  removed  with  her  father  4-12-1806. 

Joseph  Eeader  removed  4-14-1804. 

Joseph  Fisher  and  Matilda  Egberts,  Clerks. 


Dudley  Milner,  with  Mary,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Anna 
and  Caty,  removed  to  Plainfield  Meeting  8-10-1805. 

Daniel  Easley,  with  Edith,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Sarah, 
Mariatn,  Euth,  John,  Daniel,  Eachel,  Isaac  and  Stephen,  moved  to 
Plainfield  Meeting,  4-8-1809. 

JosiAH  Bailey  and  Judith  Johnson,  Clerks  at  This  Time. 


To  Salem  Meeting,  in  Ohio. 


Aaron  Stanton  removed  11-9-1805. 

William  Davis,  Jr.,  Clerk  at  This  Time. 


Zacheus  Stanton,  with  Salley,  his  wife,  and  their  infant  daugh- 
ter, Hannah,  removed  4-12-1806. 

William  Stanton  and  his  daughter,  Deborah,  removed  4-12-1806. 

Joseph  Curie  removed  2-8-1806. 


122  CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL. 

]\Iicajah  Macy,  with  Sarah,  his  wife,  and  their  sons,  John  and 
Samuel,  removed  5-9-1807. 

Timothy  Grewell,  with  Alice,  his  wife,  and  their  daughters,  Sarah 
and  Mary,  removed  5-9-1807. 

Joseph  Fisher,  Jr.,  with  Hannah,  his  wife,  and  their  children, 
Sylvanious,  Eachel,  William,  Isaac,  Amasa  and  Anne  Knight,  re- 
moved 5-9-1807. 

William  Davis,  Jr.,  and  Matilda  Robert,  Clerks. 


To  Miami  Meeting. 


Pleasants  Johnson,  with  Nancy,  his  wife,  and  son,  Thomas,  re- 
moved 2-8-1806. 

Susanna  Johnson,  wife  of  John  Jolinson,  removed  2-8-1806. 

Ashley  Johnson,  with  Milley,  liis  wife,  and  their  cliildren,  Jona- 
than, Daniel,  William,  Nancy,  Abner,  Agatha,  Martha,  Ashley  and 
Thomas,  4-12-1806. 

Extracts  from  the  Certificates  Granted  by  the  Various  Monthly 
Meetings  to  the  Following  Friends  to  Unite  Them  with 
South  River  Meeting,  Held  in  Campbell  County,  Virginia. 


Timothy  Grenell  with  Alice,  his  wife,  and  daughter,  Sarah,  re- 
moved from  Goose  Creek  Meeting,  held  in  Bedford  county,  4-4- 
1805. 

John  Davis  and  Mary  Anthony,  Clerks. 


William  Coffee  removed  from  Plainfield  Monthly  Meeting,  held 
11-24-1810. 

Isaac  Wilson,  Clerk. 


Deborah  Butler  removed  from  Western  Branch,  in  Isle  of  Wight 
county,  7-25-1812. 

Eobert  Jordon  and  Martha  Jones,  Clerks. 


CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL.  123 

Arm  Anthony  (wife  of  Christopher  Anthony),  with  her  infant 
children,  James  and  Mary  Ann,  removed  from  Cedar  Creek,  in 
Hanover  county,  2-8-1812. 

Benjamin  Bates^  Clerk. 


Sarah  Ballard  removed  from  Goose  Creek  Meeting,  in  Bedford 
county,  1-7-1813. 

John  Davis  and  Mary  Anthony^  Clerks. 


Sarah  Snead  removed  from  Clear  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  in 
Highland  county,  Ohio,  7-29-1814. 

James  Hadley  and  Rachel  Hunt^  Clerks. 


Mariah  Butler  (late  Bailey)  removed  from  Upper  Monthly  Meet- 
ing, held  alternately  at  Burleighly  in  Prince  George  County,  6-17- 
1815. 

John  W.  Watkins  and  Delitha  Hunnicutt,  Clerks. 


Benjamin  Butler  (son  of  Joseph  Butler)  removed  from  Western     \J 
Bxanch  Meeting  in  Isle  of  Wight  county,  1-28-1815. 

Samuel  Copeland,  Clerk. 


Exum  Bailey,  his  wife,  Anna,  and  their  children,  Louisa,  Eliza, 
William,  Joshua,  Mary  and  Delitha,  removed  from  Upper  Monthly 
Meeting  held  alternately  at  Gravelly  Eun,  in  Dinwiddle  county, 
5-24-1817. 

MiCAjAH  Butler^  Clerk  for  the  day. 
Christianna  Peebles,  Clerk. 


Sarah  Ladd,  removed  from  Cedar  Creek  8-14-1817. 

Lemuel  Crew  and  Rebecca  Harris,  Clerks. 


Asa  Wood  removed  from  Waynoak  10-3-1818. 

Robert  Crew^^  Clerk. 


Ann  Lynch  removed  from  New  Garden,  N.  C,  8-28-1819. 

William  Stanley  and  Abigal  Lambert^  Clerks. 


124  CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL. 

Charles  Fisher  removed  from  New  Garden,  IST.  C,  4-24-1823, 

Levi  Coffin^  Clerk. 


Nathaniel  Winston  removed  from  Waynoak,  in  Henrico  county, 
8-1-1829. 

Amos  Ladd,  Clerk. 


This  meeting  being  informed  that  Martha  Eogers,  a  minor 
daughter  of  Timothy  and  Anna  Eogers,  is  placed  within  the  com- 
pass of  your  Meeting.  These  may  certify  that  she  is  a  member  of 
our  Eeligious  Society,  as  such  we  recommend  her  to  your  Christian 
care  and  oversight,  and  are  your  friends. 

Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  Yonge  St.  Monthly  Meeting  of 
Friends,  Upper  Canada,  held  1-12-1832. 

Thomas  Linville, 
Clerk  and  Correspondent. 
Margaret  Wright, 
Clerk. 


Certificates  of  Removal  to  Miami  Meeting,  Ohio. 


Christopher  Johnson,  with  Milley,  his  wife,  and  their  three 
children,  Micajah,  Penelope  and  Elizabeth,  removed  2-8-1806. 

Eichard  Bloxom,  with  Ann,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Ann, 
Molley,  Elizabeth  and  Charles;  also  their  grandchildren,  Unity, 
Jerusha,  Eichard,  Obediah  and  Gideon  Jolinson,  removed  10-11- 
1806. 

Jeptha  Johnson  removed  to  Salem,  Ohio,  10-11-1806. 

David  Terrell,  with  Mary,  his  wife,  and  their  children.  Pleasant, 
Christopher,  David,  Judith,  Sarah,  Joseph  and  Mary,  removed  10- 
11-1806. 

William  Johnson  and  Agatha,  his  wife,  with  their  children, 
Christopher,  Moorman  and  Nancy,  moved  9-13-1806. 

Charles  Moorman  and  Betsy,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Wil- 
liam, Nancy,  Fanny,  Eobert,  Betsy  and  Agatha,  moved  9-13-1806. 


CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL.  125 

Charles  Johnson  and  Susanna,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  David, 
Anna,  Susanna,  Polly,  Sally  and  Nancy,  moved  9-13-1806. 

Benjamin  Butterworth  and  Eachel,  his  wife,  and  their  children, 
Moorman,  Benjamin,  Samuel,  Rachel  Moorman,  WJillflam  and 
Henry  Thomas,  moved  10-10-1806. 

Elias  Fisher  and  Hannah,  his  wife,  moved  8-14-1813. 

Agatha  Dicks,  with  her  son,  Achillis,  moved  9-10-1814. 

Jocabed  Lodge  and  Sarah,  his  wife,  with  their  children,  William 
Johnson,  Laban,  Nelson,  Seline  and  Caleb,  moved  9-10-1814. 

William  Butler  and  Nancy,  his  wife,  moved  9-19-1814. 

John  Davis  and  Hannah,  his  wife,  with  their  children,  Anna 
Maria,  Jourdon,  Samuel,  Anthony,  Sarah  and  Charlotte,  moved  11- 
12-.1814. 

John  Davis  also  requested  a  certificate  for  Christopher  Anthony 
Jonson,  which  was  granted  at  the  same  time. 

Josiah  Bailey  and  Susanna,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Almeda, 
Robert  Barclay,  Judith,  Daniel,  James  Edwin,  Mary  Byrum  and 
Susanna,  moved  12-11-1814. 

Joel  Lewis  and  Sarah,  his  wife,  and  their  son,  Daniel,  moved 
10-20-1815. 

Jane  Cadwalader  and  children  (names  not  given)  moved  9-14- 
1816. 

Thomas  Cadwalader,  Jr.,  moved  10-12-1816. 

Nancy  Ballard  and  her  children,  Granderson,  Butterworth,  Saml. 
Moorman,  William  Frederick  and  Elizabeth  Ann,  moved  7-12-1817. 

Thomas  Welch  moved  10-9-1819. 

Thomas  Cadwalader  moved  10-14-1820. 

Charles  Fisher  moved  12-10-1825. 


126  CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL. 


Removed  to  Fairfield  Meeting,  in  Ohio. 


Judith  Borum  and  her  children,  Obed,  Allen,  Catharine  and 
Sarah,  moved  8-12-1809. 

John  Timberlake  and  Mary,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Agness, 
John,  Mourning,  Salley  and  Judith,  moved  11-11-1809. 

Daniel  Burgess  and  Euth,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Anna, 
John  and  Sarah,  moved  8-11-1810. 

John  W.  Johnson  and  Milley,  his  wife,  and  son,  Gerard  Moor- 
man, moved  9-8-1810. 

James  Johnson  and  his  wife.  Eachel,  with  their  children,  Bart- 
lett,  Lydia,  Susanna,  Nancy,  Polly  and  Milley,  moved  9-8-1810. 

Latham  Stanton  and  Hulda.  his  wife,  with  their  children,  Hep- 
sihah,  Elizabeth,  Hunnicutt,  Gulielma,  Daniel,  William  and  Stephen 
Butler,  moved  9-8-1810. 

Eachel  Anderson  and  her  son,  William,  moved  1-13-1811. 

Euth  Hendrick  moved  1-12-1811. 

John  Burgess  removed  (with  his  wife,  Drucilla),  10-12-1811, 

Deborah  Burgess  removed  10-12-1811. 


Oertifloates  to  Fairfield  and  Other  Meetings  in  Ohio. 


Gregory  Bloxom  removed  from  Southriver  Meeting  to  Plainfield, 
10-12-1811. 

William  Johnson  and  his  wife,  Susannah,  removed  8-8-1812. 

William  Holloway  and  Salley,  his  wife,  with  their  children,  John, 
Isaac,  Betsy,  Pleasant,  Samuel,  George,  Sally  and  William,  removed 
8-8-1812. 

William  Johnson,  Jr.,  removed  to  Plainfield  10-10-1812. 


CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL.  127 

Asa  Pliimmer  and  Grace,  his  wife,  with  their  children,  Eli,  Jesse, 
Ezra,  Tacy  and  Lott,  removed  8-14-1813. 

Martha  Burgess  and  her  children,  Adeliza  and  Sarah  Hargrave, 
removed  8-14-1813. 

Thomas  Burgess  and  Elizabeth,  with  their  children,  Elizabeth, 
Joseph,  Jenny,  Moses,  Mary,  Tacy  and  Martha,  removed  8-14-1813. 

Ebeneazer  Speakman  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  with  their  children, 
Thomas,  Ebeneazer,  Jacob,  Ann  and  Pheby,  2-8-1817. 

Letishia  Burgess  removed  4-8-1820. 

Margaret  Fose  removed  10-11-1821. 

Gulielma  Perdu  removed  12-13-1821. 


Certificates  to  Center  Meeting,  in  Ohio. 


Susanna  Moorman  and  her  granddaughter  (under  her  care)  re- 
moved 9-9-1809. 

Molley  Moorman  removed  9-9-1809. 

Ehoda  Johnson  and  her  children,  Joseph,  Micajah,  John,  Charles, 
Polly,  Lewis  and  James,  removed  11-11-1809. 

Samuel  Johnson,  with  Susanna,  and  their  children,  Thomas,  Sam- 
uel, Moorman,  James,  John,  George,  Susanna,  Lydia  and  Joseph, 
removed  9-8-1810. 

Joseph  Johnson,  Jr.,  removed  10-12-1811. 

Thomas  Ballard,  with  Sarah,  his  wife,  removed  9-10-1814. 

Lydia  Moorman  with  her  children,  Charlotte  E.,  Nancy,  John, 
Thomas  and  Eeubin,  removed  12-13-1817. 


Certificates  to  Nevir  Garden  Meeting,  in  Ohio. 


Amos  Preston,  removed  4-14-1810. 


128  CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL. 

Certificates  to  Gall  Creek  Meeting,  in  Ohio. 


Joseph  Johnson  and  his  children.  Polly,  Kitty,  Winston,  Elvira, 
Watkins,  Caroline,  and  his  grandson,  Alfred  Carroll  Johnson,  re- 
moved 10-9-1813. 


Certificates  to  Clear  Creek  Meeting,  in  Ohio. 


Patty  Terrell,  removed  10-20-1815. 

Ann  Lea,  removed  11-9-1816. 

Elizabeth  Lea,  removed  (with  her  parents)  11-9-1816. 

Euth  Kirby,  removed  5-1-1819. 

Sarah  Cox,  removed  5-1-1819. 

WilUam  Coffee  moved  to  Plainfield  11-9-1811. 

William  Davis,  Jr.,  Clerk. 
Lucy  Hargrave. 


Jesse  Cadwallader,  with  Amy,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  John, 
Isaac,  Moses,  Mahlon,  Silas,  Betsy  and  Jonah,  removed  5-1-1819. 


Certificates  to  Cincinnati  Meeting,  in  Ohio. 


William  Stanton,  with  Catharine,  his  wife,  and  their  children,. 
Phebe,  Anna,  Samuel,  Ehoda,  David,  Joseph  and  Mary,  10-11- 
1817. 

Elizabeth  Fisher,  with  her  husband,  and  their  children,  Mary 
Ann,  Lucinda,  Elwood,  Sarah,  Hannah  and  Matilda,  removed  12- 
13-1817. 

Deborah  Butler  (with  her  husband)  and  her  son,  Anselm  D.  John- 
son, removed  9-11-1819. 

Mary  Butler  removed  9-10-1825. 

Stephen  Butler,  with  Louisa,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Anselm, 
Matilda,  Edna,  Mary  Elizabeth  and  William  Exum ;  also  his  broth- 
er-in-law, William  H.  Bailey,  removed . 


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CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL.  129 


Certificates  of  Removal  Received  by  Southriver  Meeting.^ 


From  Our  Monthly  Meeting  Held  in  Fredericl-sburgh  Township, 

8.  C,  2-14-1762. 
To  Friends  in  Virginia  and  Elsewhere  in  America. 

Our  esteemed  friend,  William  Terrell,  having  requested  this 
meeting  some  time  ago  of  his  intention  of  moving  into  your  parts 
with  his  family  in  order  to  settle  there,  and  requested  a  Certificate 
for  that  purpose,  now  these  are  to  certify  that  he  is  of  a  sober  and 
orderly  life  and  conversation,  a  diligent  attender  of  meetings,  both 
for  Worship  and  Discipline,  and  also  a  diligent  laborer  in  the  work 
of  the  ministiy,  having  a  sound  testimony  to  bear,  and  is  much 
esteemed  by  his  friends  and  others,  and  on  enquiry  we  do  not  find 
but  he  leaves  this  place  clear  of  debt.  His  vrife  Martha  is  of  a  sober 
and  orderly  life  and  conversation,  and  a  diligent  attender  of  meet- 
ing. Their  children  are  not  yet  grown  up.  So  with  desires  for 
their  preservation  and  growth  in  the  truth,  and  that  they  may  be 
serviceable  where  their  lot  may  be  cast,  we  remain  your  friends  and 
brethren.  Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  our  said  Meeting.  Samuel 
Wiley,  John  Millhouse,  Henry  Millhouse,  Robert  Millhouse,  John 
English.  William  Elmore,  James  Millhouse,  Wm.  Smith,  Zeb. 
Gauntt,  Joshua  English,  Robert  English,  Joseph  English,  Timothy 
Kelly,  Samuel  Kelly.  John  Kelley,  Mary  Tomlinson,  Sarah  Russell, 
Mary  Kelley,  Rel)ecca  Millhouse,  Mary  Cook,  Mary  English,  Mary 
English,  Jr. 

A  similar  Certificate  was  granted  by  the  same  Meeting  to  Isaac 
and  Sarah  Pidgeon  on  the  same  date,  2-14-1762,  and  signed  by  the 
same  members. 


To  the  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  Held  at  Southriver,  in  Bedford 
County. 

Dear  Friends  : 

Our  friend,  Micajah  Terrell,  having  removed  from  our  Monthly 
meeting  within  the  verge  of  yours,  without  our  Certificate,  these  are 
to  certify  you  that  we  have  made  inquiry  into  his  life  and  conver- 
sation whilst  among  us  and  find  that  he  was  a  member  in  unity  (in 
most  respects),  and  we  recommend  him  to  your  Christian  care  and 


130  CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL. 

oversight  and  remain  your  friends  and  brethren.  Signed  by  order 
and  on  behalf  of  our  said  Meeting  held  at  Golansville  in  Caroline 
County  7-9-1762. 

Samuel  Haegrave,  Clerk. 

A  similar  Certificate  was  granted  his  wife  Sarah  at  the  Monthly 
Meeting  held  at  Cedar  Creek  in  Hanover  County  8-14-1762. 

Samuel  Hargeave^  Clerk. 


To  Friends  at  Their  Next  Monthly  Meeting  to  Be  Held  at  South- 
river. 

Dear  Friends  : 

Whereas,  our  friend  Byrum  Ballard  hath  applied  to  us  for  a  Cer- 
tificate to  you,  these  are  therefore  to  inform  you  that  after  the 
necessary  inquiry  being  made  we  find  him  clear  from  any  engage- 
ments of  marriage  and  in  unity  with  us  and  as  such  we  recommend 
him  to  your  notice,  desiring  his  growth  in  the  truth.  We  remain 
your  friends  and  brethren.  Signed  on  behalf  of  the  Montlily  Meet- 
ing held  at  Cedar  Creek  4-8-1763. 

Samuel  Hargrave,  Clerk. 


From  the  Montlily  Meeting  Held  at  Cedar  Creeh  in  Hanover  Coun- 
ty, 12-18-1763. 
Dear  Friends  : 

Mary  Johnson  and  Betty  Moorman  having  removed  from  under 
the  care  of  our  Meeting  and  settled  within  the  verge  of  your  Meet- 
ing, they  have  requested  of  us  a  few  lines  by  way  of  recommendation 
unto  you,  and  we  hereby  certify  that  their  lives,  conduct  and  conver- 
sation hath  been  such  that  we  have  good  unity  with  them,  and  rec- 
ommend them  to  your  care  and  subscribe  ourselves  your  friends  and 
brethren.  William  Stanley,  Clerk. 


From  Our  Monthly  Meeting  Held  at  Cedar  Creel,  2-11-1764,  to  the 

Monthly  Meeting  at  Southriver. 
Dear  Friends  : 

Benjamin  Johnson  having  removed  within  the  limits  of  your 
Meeting  and  having  requested  of  us  a  few  lines  by  way  of  recom- 
mendation unto  you,  after  the  usual  care  taken,  we  do  not  find  but 


CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL.  131 

what  he  has  settled  his  outward  affairs  to  satisfaction,  and  we  fur- 
ther certify  on  his  behalf  that  his  manner  of  life  and  conversation 
hath  always  been  such  as  rendered  him  held  in  unity  with  us  and  we 
recommend  him  to  you. 

Strangeman  Hutchins,  Clerk. 


From  Our  Monthly  Meeting  Held  at  Cedar  Creek,  2-11-1764,  to  the 

Monthly  Meeting  at  Southriver. 
Dear  Friends  : 

Whereas,  Zachariah  Moorman  hath  removed  from  under  the  care 
of  our  Meeting  and  settled  within  the  verge  of  your  Meeting,  he 
hath  requested  of  us  a  few  lines  by  way  of  Certificate  unto  you.  Af- 
ter due  care  taken  we  do  not  find  but  what  he  has  settled  his  out- 
ward affairs  to  satisfaction.  We  further  certify  on  his  behalf  that 
Ms  manner  of  life  and  conversation  hath  been  such  as  rendered  him 
a  member  in  unity  among  us  and  as  such  we  recommend  him  to 
you.  Strangeman  Hutchins^  Clerk. 


From  Our  Monthly  Meeting  Held  at  Golansville,  Caroline  County, 
3-9-1767,  to  the  Monthly  Meeting  at  Southriver,  in  Bedford 
County. 
Dear  Friends  : 

The  bearers  hereof,  Thomas  and  Rachel  Moorman,  having  re- 
moved from  under  our  care  and  within  the  verge  of  your  Meeting, 
requested  us  for  a  few  lines  as  a  recommendation  to  you.  After  due 
care  taken  we  do  not  find  but  that  he  has  settled  his  worldly  affairs 
to  satisfaction  and  has  always  been  esteemed  orderly  persons  and 
held  in  good  unity  among  us  and  as  such  we  recommend  them  to 
you.    Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  said  Meeting  by 

Samuel  HARGRiVE^  Clerk. 


From  Our  Monthly  Meeting  Held  at  Neiu  Garden,  N.  C,  2-35-1775, 
to  the  Monthly  Meeting  Held  at  Southriver,  in  Bedford  Coun- 
ty, Virginia. 
Dear  Friends  : 

The  occasion  of  our  writing  to  you  is  on  account  of  James  John- 
son  who  requested  our  Certificate  to  join  in  membership  with  you 


132  CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL. 

and  having  left  his  outward  affairs  to  satisfaction  and  condemned 
his  goin*;  oiit  in  marriage,  we  therefore  recommend  him  to  Divine 
protection  and  yoiir  Christian  care,  desiring  his  growth  in  the  best 
things.     Signed  by  order  and  in  behalf  of  said  Meeting. 

John  Talbot,  Clerk. 


To  Ihc  'Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  Held  at  Southriver,  in  Bedford 
County. 

Dear  Friends  : 

Edward  Terrell  and  Mary,  his  wife,  having  removed  from  us 
within  the  verge  of  your  Meeting,  we  therefore  thinlc  it  necessary 
to  acquaint  you  that  they  have  had  their  education  amongst  us. 
Their  lives  whilst  amongst  us  were  in  a  good  degree  orderly,  and, 
after  the  necessary  enquiry,  we  understand  that  their  affairs  are 
settled  to  satisfaction.  "We  therefore  recommend  them  to  your 
Christian  care  and  oversight.  Signed  in  our  Monthly  Meeting  held 
in  Caroline,  5-13-1775. 

Samuel  Hargrave, 
Mary  Payne, 

Clerks. 


From  Our  Circular  Monthly  Meeting  of  Wo7nen  Friends  Held  at 
Ftlachwater  and  Burley  in  Surry  and  Prince  George  Counties, 
8-23-1776,  to  the  Montlily  Meeting  of  Women  Friends  Held  at 
Southriver,  in  Bedford  County. 

Dear  Friends: 

Mary  Antliony,  being  lately  removed  within  the  limits  of  your 
Meeting,  requested  our  Certificate.  These  may  certify  on  her  be- 
half that  she  is  a  member  in  full  unity  and  as  such  we  recommend 
her  to  your  care,  ardently  desiring  her  preservation  in  the  blessed 
truth.     Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  our  said  meeting  by 

Edward   Stabler, 
Mary  Stabler, 
Clerks  for  the  Day. 


CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL.  133 

A  Certificate  of  removal  from  Cedar  Creek,  Hanover  County,  to 
Southriver,  in  Bedford  County,  was  granted  Judith  Ballard  by 
Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting,  6-14-1777. 

Samuel  Hargrave, 
Mary  Payne, 

Clerks. 


To  the  Monthly  Meeting  Held  at  Southriver,  Bedford  County. 

Dear  Friends  : 

David  Johnson  removed  within  the  verge  of  your  Meeting  and 
requested  a  few  lines  from  us.  This  may  certify  on  his  behalf  that 
he  has  been  orderly  and  his  affairs  are  settled  to  satisfaction.  We 
therefore  recommend  him  to  your  Christian  care.  Signed  on  be- 
half and  by  order  of  the  Monthly  Meeting  held  at  Cedar  Creek,  2- 
25-1780.  John  Payne,  Clerk. 


To  Southriver  Monthly  Meeting. 
Dear  Friends  : 

Application  being  made  to  us  for  a  few  lines  by  way  of  Certificate 
for  Stephen  Moreland  and  Mary,  his  wife,  with  their  three  children, 
namely,  Edwin,  Abigal  and  Jonah,  we  may  inform  you  that  they 
left  our  parts  without  acquainting  the  Monthly  Meeting  of  their 
intention  of  removing,  which  was  contrary  to  the  advice  of  our 
Yearly  Meeting,  but  with  respect  to  their  conduct  it  appears,  after 
the  needful  enquiry,  that  their  lives  and  conversation  have  been  in 
some  good  degree  orderly.  They  attended  our  religious  meetings  at 
times  and  have  settled  their  outward  affairs  to  satisfaction  as  far  as 
we  know.  We  therefore  recommend  them  and  their  children  as 
members  of  our  Society  to  your  Christian  care  and  oversight,  desir- 
ing their  preservation  and  growth  in  the  truth,  and  remain  your 
loving  friends.  Signed  on  behalf  of  our  Monthly  Meeting  at  Fair- 
fax, held  11-25-1780. 

Thomas  Matthews, 
Lydia  Hough, 

Clerks. 


134  CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL. 

From  the  Monthly  Meeting  Held  at  Cedar  Creek  the  lUh  of  the 
4:th  Month  1781,  To  Friends  of  the  Monthly  Meeting  at  South- 
river. 

Dear  Friends  : 

James  Johnson  and  family  removed  wathin  the  verge  of  your 
Meeting  and  requested  a  few  lines  from  ns.  This  may  certify  on 
their  behalf  that  they  have  lived  orderly  and  his  affairs  settled  to 
satisfaction.  We  therefore  recommend  them  to  your  Christian  care. 
Signed  on  behalf  of  the  Meeting. 

John  Payne,  Clerk. 


To  the  Monthly  Meeting  Held  at  Southriver. 

Dear  Friends  : 

Our  writing  to  you  at  this  time  is  on  account  of  David  Terrell, 
who  now  resides  within  the  verge  of  your  Meeting,  and  requests  our 
Certificate  for  himself  and  children.  These  may  certify  that  after 
the  needful  enquiry  we  have  cause  to  believe  his  affairs  are  settled 
to  satisfaction.  His  life  and  conversation  being  in  a  good  degree  or- 
derly whilst  among  us,  we  therefore  recommend  him,  together  with 
his  children  (namely,  Sarah,  Winnifred,  David,  Henry,  Samuel, 
Susanna,  and  Ann),  to  your  Christian  care,  and  with  desires  for 
their  growth  in  the  truth,  we  remain  your  friends  and  brethren. 
Signed  on  behalf  of  our  Monthly  Meeting  held  at  Cedar  Creek,  8-  ^ 
24-1781.  ^}\^^ 

John  Payne,  Clerk. 


From  the  Monthly  Meeting  Held  at  Cedar  CreeTc,  Hanover  County, 
3-9-1782,  to  the  Monthly  Meeting  at  Southriver. 

Mary  Johnson  having  moved  within  the  verge  of  your  Meeting 
and  requested  a  few  lines  from  us,  this  may  certify  on  her  behalf 
that  she  has  lived  orderly  and  has  settled  her  affairs  to  satisfaction. 
We  therefore  recommend  her  to  your  Christian  care.  Signed  on 
behalf  of  Meeting. 

John  Payne  and  Mary  Payne,  Clerks. 


CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL.  135 

Mica j ah  Davis  and  family  were  granted  a  Certificate  of  removal 
to  the  Monthly  Meeting  at  Southriver  by  Cedar  Creek  Monthly 
Meeting,  4-13-1782. 

John  Payne  and  Eachel  Harris^  Clerks. 


To  the  Monthly  Meeting   of  Friends  at  Southriver,  in  Campbell 

County. 
Dear  Friends  : 

Micajah  Terrell  and  Deborah,  his  wife,  having  removed  within 
the  verge  of  your  Meeting  and  requested  our  Certificate,  we  there- 
fore certify  in  their  behalf  that  they  are  in  unity  with  us  and  that 
the  said  Micajah's  affairs  are  settled  to  satisfaction  as  far  as  appears 
to  us.  We  also  recommend  to  your  care  and  notice  his  children, 
viz.,  Agatha,  Sarah,  Ann,  Mary  and  Micajah,  as  members  of  our 
Society,  and  remain  your  friends  and  brethren.  Signed  in  and  on 
behalf  of  our  Monthly  Meeting  held  at  Cedar  Creek  7-14-1782. 

John  Payne,  Clerk. 

Rachel  Harris,  Clerk  at  This  Time. 


These  Certificates  of  removal  were  granted  by  Fairfax  Monthly 
Meeting  to  unite  the  following  Friends  with  Southriver  Monthly 
Meeting:  Eichard  Lewis  and  Hannah,  his  wife,  12-25-1790;  Wm. 
Stabler  and  Sarah  Mathews.  Samuel  Fisher,  son  of  Joseph,  Sr., 
being  a  minor  and  apprenticed  to  his  brother,  Elias  Fisher,  we  com- 
mend him  to  your  care  and  oversight.  Signed  on  behalf  of  the 
Monthly  Meeting  held  5-1-1793.  Thomas  Mathews,  Clerk. 


Mary  Harris,  6-22-1793. 

Thomas  and  Sarah  Matthews,  Clerks. 


Joseph  Fisher  and  Ann,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  John,  Han- 
nah and  Ann,  4-26-1794. 

Thomas  Mathews  and  Hannah  Beal,  Clerks. 


Sarah  Fisher,  daughter  of  Joseph  Fisher,  4-26-1794. 

Thomas  Mathews  and  Hannah  Beal,  Clerks. 


136  CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL. 

Hannah  Bradfield,  11-28-1795. 

Asa  Moore  and  Hannah  Beal,  Clerks. 


Sarah  Millhurn.  2-25-1797. 

Asa  Moore  and  Hannah  Beal,  Clerks. 


The  Folio-wing  Certificates  -were  Granted  by  Various  Monthly- 
Meeting's  Unitingr  the  Fpllo-wing   Friends  "with  Southriver 

Mon  hly  Meeting,  -'-'n  ['.fvlt  l^     .  » 


John  Preston  and  Eebecca,  his  wife,  and  their  minor  cliildren, 
Zenas,  John,  Amos,  Moses,  Sarah,  Peter,  Ann  and  William,  removed 
from  Goose  Creek  Monthly  Meeting,  in  Loudoun  County,  7-30-1792. 
James  Moor  and  Sarah  Smith  Clerks. 


James  Curie,  Ruth,  his  wife,  and  their  son,  Josepli,  removed  from 
Goose  Creek  Meeting,  5-30-1791. 


/ 


James  Daniel,  Hannah,  his  wife,  and  their  four  minor  children, 
Eebeekah,  William,  Jasper,  and  Hannah,  12-2G-1791,  removed  from 


V  Goose  Creek  Meeting. 


Thomas,  John  and  Daniel  Burgess   removed    from    Deer    Creek 
Meeting  in  Maryland,  9-27-1792.  John  Cox,  Clerk. 


Isaac  Hatcher,  Rachel,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Nancy,  James 
and  William,  removed  from  Goose  Creek  Meeting,  10-29-1792. 
James  Moore  and  Sarah  Smith,  Clerks. 


Ashley  Jolmson,  Sr.,  Mary,  his  wife,  and  their  minor  children, 
Ashley,  Thomas,  Walkins,  Drusilla,  Anna,  and  Edith,  removed 
from  Cedar  Creek  Meeting,  in  Hanover  County,  1-12-1793. 

MiCAJAH  Crew  and  Chlotilda  Harris,  Clerks. 


CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL.  137 

Abram  Bunker  removed  from  New  Garden  Monthly  Meeting, 
Guilford  County,  N".  C,  1-26-1793.  Enoch  Macy,  Clerk. 


Mary  Terrell  was  granted  a  Certificate  on  the  same  date. 

Enoch  Macy  and  Deborah  Evins,  Clerks. 


James  Butler,  Priscilla.  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Mary,  Ta- 
bitha,  Ann,  Jonathan,  Sarah,  Edward  and  Mathew  Kobert,  removed 
from  Blackwater  IMonthly  Meeting  in  Prince  George  County,  3- 
16-1793.  Wyke  and  Ann  Hunnicutt,  Clerks. 


Agatha  Dix  and  her  children,  Nathan,  Micajah  and  Sarah,  re- 
moved from  Springfield,  N.  C,  3-2-1793. 

Mathew  and  Hannah  Coffin,  Clerks. 


Fairfax  Monthly  Meeting,  held  3-20-1791,  granted  Certificates 
of  Eemoval  to  Southriver  Monthly  Meeting  to  Joseph  Curie  and 
Rebekah,  his  wife,  and  their  seven  children,  viz.,  Hannah,  Emma, 
Charles,  Rebekah,  Elizabeth,  Susanna,  and  Samuel;  also  to  Jacobad 
Lodge.  Signed  in  and  l)y  order  of  Fairfax  Monthly  Meeting. 
William  St.\:bler  and  Sarah  Mathews,  Clerks. 


Goose  Creek  Monthly  Meeting,  held  5-30-1791,  granted  Certifi- 
cates to  Samuel  Cary  and  Eachel,  his  wife,  and  their  children, 
namely,  Cyntliia,  Sarah,  Jonathan,  John,  Samuel,  Rachel  and 
"Thomas. 

James  Moore  and  Sarah  Smith,  Clerks. 


Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting,  held  S-37-1791.  granted  a  Cer- 
tificate to  Rhoda  Anthony,  to  unite  her  to  Southriver  Meeting. 

Micajah  Crew  and  Chlotilda  Harris.  Clerks. 


Crooked  Run  Monthly  Meeting,  held  9-2-1791,  gTanted  a  Cer- 
tificate to  Asa  Holloway,  Jr.,  to  unite  him  with  Southriver  Meeting. 

Jonah  Lupton,  Clerk. 


138  CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL. 

Fairfax  i\[onthly  Meeting,  held  9-24-1791,  granted  Certificates 
of  Kemoval  to  Kobert  and  Betty  Fisher  and  to  Joseph  Fisher,  Jr. 
Thomas  and  Sarah  Matthews,  Clerks. 


Crooked  Run  Monthly  Meeting,  held  9-24-1791,  granted  a  Cer- 
tificate to  Mary  Holloway. 

Jonah  Lupton  and  Eunice  Alt,  Clerks, 


Crooked  Rim  Monthly  Meeting,  held  5-2-1789,  granted  Certifi- 
cates to  Men  Bond  and  Sarah,  his  wife. 

Goldsmith  Chandler  and  Sarah  Brown,  Clerks. 


Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting,  held  5-9-1789.  granted  Certifi- 
cates to  Mary  Bunch  and  her  Children,  James  and  Ann  Bunch. 

MicAJAH  Crew  and  Rachel  Moorman,  Clerks. 


Crooked  Run  Monthly  Meeting,  held  7-4-1789.  Certificates  were 
granted  to  Edward  and  Mary  Bond  and  their  children,  viz.,  Benja- 
min, Martha,  Ruth  and  Hannah. 

Goldsmith  Chandler  and  Sarah  Brown,  Clerks. 


Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting,  held  5-8-1790.  Certificates  were 
granted  to  Gerard  Johnson  and  Judith,  his  wife,  and  their  children, 
Benjamin,  Samuel,  Jorard.  Watkins,  David,  Elizabeth,  Jane  and 
Judith. 

MiCAJAH  Crew  and  Rachel  Moorman,  Clerks. 


Fairfax  Monthly  Meeting,  held   5-32-1790.     A  Certificate  was 
granted  to  Elizabeth  Oliphant  to  unite  her  with  Southriver  Meeting- 
James  Moore  and  Sarah  Mathews,  Clerks. 


CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL.  139 

Extracts  from  the  Certificates  Granted  by  Various  Monthly- 
Meetings  to  the  Follo-wing  Friends  to  Unite  Them  -with 
Southriver  Meeting,  Held  in  Campbell  County,  Virginia. 


Asa  Plummer  removed  from  York  Monthly  Meeting  4-13-1793. 

Eli  Kirk,  Clerk. 


Patty  Terrell  from  Cedar  Creek  Meeting,  in  Hanover  County, 
6-13-1795.  Patty  Jones  from  Cedar  Creek  Meeting,  in  Hanover 
County,  8-22-1795. 

MiCAjAH  Crew  and  Chlotilda  Harris,  Clerks. 


James  Butler  removed    from    Blackwater    Meeting,    in    Surry 
County,  12-20-1794. 

Wyke  Hunnicutt,  Clerk. 


Stephen  Butler  and  Mary,  his  wife,  and  their  children,  Huldah, 
William,  James  Stanton,  Stephen  and  Jonathan,  removed  from 
Blackwater,  in  Surry  County,  2-20-1796. 

Thomas  Pretlow,  Clerk  for  the  Day. 

Patience  Bailt,  Clerk. 


Hanner  Fisher  removed  from  Goose  Creek  Monthly  Meeting,  in 
Bedford  County,  2-3-1797. 

Mentor  Pim  Purdue  and  Mary  Anthony,  Clerks. 


William  Davis  and  Mary,  his  wife,  and  their  minor  children,  Su- 
sannah, Elizabeth,  Benjamin,  Isaac,  Polly,  Nancy  and  Louisa,  re- 
moved from  Goose  Creek,  in  Bedford  County,  4-1-1797. 

Mentor  Pim  Purdue  and  Mary  Anthony,  Clerks. 


William  Hunnicutt  removed  from  Blackwater,  in  Surry  County^ 
4-15-1797. 

Wyke  Hunnicutt,  Clerk. 


140  CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL, 

Thomas  Macldox  removed  from  Goose  Creek,  in  Bedford  County, 
6-3-1797.  Mentor  Pim  Puiidue,  Clerk. 


Charles  Pidgeon  removed  from  Goose  Creek,  in  Bedford  County, 
11-1-1797. 

William  Davis.  Clerk. 


John  Burgess  and  Drusilla,  his  wife,  removed  from  Deer  Creek, 
Maryland,  2-25-1798.  John  Cox  and  Sarah  Ely,  Clerks. 


Henry  Davis  removed  from  Goose  Creek,    in    Bedford    County, 
4-7-1798. 

William  Davis,  Clerk. 


William  Davis  removed  from  Goose  Creek,  in  Bedford  County, 
6-1-1799. 

John  Davis  and  Mary  Anthony,  Clerks. 


Sarah   Davis  removed  from  Goose  Creek,  in  Bedford  County, 
10-4-1800. 

John  Davis  and  Mary  Anthony,  Clerks. 


James  Stanton  removed  from    Blaekwater,    in    Surry    County, 
9-18-1800. 

Wyke  Hunnicutt,  Clerk. 


Thomas  Bailey  removed  from  Goose  Creek,  in  Bedford  County, 
6-6-1801.  John  Davis,  Clerk. 


Edward  Terrell  removed,  with  Jane,  his  wdfe,  and  their  children, 
Elizabeth,  Mary,  Johnson,  Judith,  Christopher  and  Gerard,  from 
Goose  Creek,  in  Bedford  County. 

John  Davis  and  Mary  Anthony,  Clerks. 


CERTIFICATES  OF  REMOVAL.  141 

Josiah  Bailey  removed  from  Upper  Meeting,  held  at  Gravelly 
Eun,  in  Dinwiddle  County,  5-33-1802. 

James  Hunnicutt,  Clerk. 


Hugh  Morgan  removed  from  Deer  Creek,  in  Harford  County, 
Maryland,  10-38-1803.  Isaac  Cole,  Clerk. 


Micajah  Terrell  removed  from  Western  Branch,  Isle  of  Wight 
County,  11-36-1803.  Robert  Jordan,  Clerk. 


William  Stanton,  his  wife,  Catharine,  and  children,  Elizabeth, 
Phebe,  Anna,  Mahlon,  Samuel  and  Ehoda,  removed  from  Cane 
Creek,  N.  C,  3-4-1804. 

Solomon  Dixon  and  Denah  Hobson,  Clerks. 


DISOWNMENTS 


DISOWNMENTS. 


James  Crew  was  disowned  by  Cedar  CreeK  Monthly  Meeting  of 
Friends,  held  Seventh  month  8th,  1786,  for  selling  one  of  his  fel- 
low men  into  bondage,  and  refusing  to  redeem  him  therefrom,  and 
so  far  having  given  way  unto  a  spirit  of  libertinism  as  to  be  con- 
cerned in  gaming. 

MiCAjAH  Crew,  Clerk. 


Sarah  Crew,  daughter  of  James  Crew,  was  disowned  the  9th  day 
of  the  5th  month,  1789,  for  marrying  one  who  was  not  a  Friend, 
which  was  contrary  to  the  Discipline. 

MiCAjAH  Crew, 
Eachel  Moorman, 

Clerks. 

Judith  Crew,  daughter  of  James  Crew,  was  disowned  the  9th  of 
the  4th  month,  1791,  for  marrying  contrary  to  the  Discipline. 

MiCAjAH  Crew, 
Eachel  Moorman, 

Clerks. 

Nicholas  Crew  was  disowned  for  drunkenness  and  adultery  while 
living  in  Hanover  county;  he  removed  to  Campbell  county,  and 
some  years  later  wrote  a  letter  to  Cedar  Creek  monthly  meeting  con- 
demning his  conduct  and  asking  Friends  to  forgive  him  and  to  re- 
ceive him  into  membership  again.  The  following  members  of 
South  Eiver  meeting  wrote  a  letter  to  friends  of  Cedar  Creek,  testi- 
fying as  to  his  good  character  since  living  among  them,  Wm.  Davis, 
David  Terrell,  Micajah  Davis  and  Eichard  Bloxom,  and  he  was  re- 
ceived again  into  membership  Tenth  month  8th,  1791. 

^       Micajah  Crew,  Clerk. 


William  Crew,  of  Albemarle  county,  was  disowned  for  using  "ill 
words,  fighting,  etc.,"  the  10th  day  of  5th  month,  1794. 

M.  Crew,  Clerk 


146  DISOWNMENTS. 

Whereas,  Micajah  Crew,  Jr.,  son  of  Nicholas  Crew,  of  Hanover 
county,  has  so  far  deviated  from  our  known  rules  as  to  use  spirituous 
liquors  to  excess,  also  has  engaged  in  military  services,  for  which 
conduct  he  has  been  dealt  without  the  desired  effect,  and  has  sub- 
sequently entered  into  marriage  contrary  to  the  rules  of  our  Discip- 
line, we  do,  therefore,  disown  him  from  being  any  longer  a  member, 
until  he  shall  make  satisfaction  for  his  conduct. 

Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  a  monthly  meeting  of  Friends  held  at 
Cedar  Creek,  in  Hanover  county,  the  14th  day  of  the  3rd  month, 
1807.  Benjamin  Bates,  Clerk. 


Nicholas  Crew  was  again  disowned  for  using  spirituous  liquor^, 
and  for  neglecting  to  attend  meetings  for  worship.  Signed  in  and 
on  behalf  of  Cedar  Creek  monthly  meeting  in  Hanover  county  the 
10th  of  the  4:th  month,  1813.  Lemuel  Crew,  Clerk. 


^Vllereas,  Deborah  Crew,  daughter  of  Micajah  and  Margaret  Crew, 
having  so  far  deviated  from  the  known  rules  of  Friends  as  to  join  in 
marriage  with  a  man  not  of  our  religious  society,  we,  therefore, 
disown  her  from  being  any  longer  a  member  of  the  same  until  she 
make  satisfaction.  Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  a  monthly  meeting 
held  at  Cedar  Creek  the  14th  of  the  8th  month,  1819. 

Lemuel  Crew, 
Rebecca  Harris, 

Clerks. 


Walter  Crew,  son  of  Micajah  and  Margaret  Crew,  married  con- 
trary to  the  Discipline  and  was  disowned  by  a  monthly  meeting  held 
at  Cedar  Creek  4th  month  8th,  1820.         Lemuel  Crew,  Clerk. 

John  Crew  was  disowned  for  using  intoxicating  liquors  to  excess 
at  a  monthly  meeting  held  at  Cedar  Creek  4th  month  11th,  1829. 

At  a  monthly  meeting  held  near  Southriver  the  21st  of  the  7th 
month,  1764  (Bedford  county,  Va.). 

Whereas,  John  Hampton,  a  reputed  member  of  our  Society,  the 
people  called  Quakers,  has  betaken  himself  to  the  vain  fashions  and 
ways  of  the  world  and  entirely  withdrawn  himself  from  attending 
our  meetings,  rendering  himself  no  ways  agreeable  to  the  rules  of 


DISOWNMENTS.  147 

our  Discipline,  we  do,  therefore,  testify  against  him  and  all  his  dis- 
orderly conduct  and  that  we  have  no  unity  with  such  disorderly 
spirits,  disowning  him  from  being  a  member  of  our  Society  until  it 
may  please  God  to  give  him  a  place  of  repentance,  which  is  our  sin- 
cere desire.    Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  our  meeting. 

William  Candler,  Clerk. 


Eobert  Brooks  disowned,  1-26-1766,  for  following  the  "corrupt 
ways  of  the  world."  W.  C,  Clerk. 


John  Candler  disowned,  3-20-1767,  for  using  "spirituous 
liquors." 

Peter  Holland  disowned,  9-19-1767,  for  absenting  himself  from 
meetings  for  worship  and  Discipline  and  attending  the  Baptist 
church. 

Charles  Lynch  disowned,  12-20-1767,  for  taking  "solemn  oaths." 

John  Caldwell  disowned,  6-18-1768,  for  taking  a  wife  contrary 
to  the  rule  of  the  Discipline." 

John  Kerby  and  Joannah,  his  wife,  disowned  by  request,  6-18- 
1768,  for  leaving  their  own  meeting  and  worshiping  with  the  Bap- 
tists. William  Ferrell,  Clerk. 


Micajah  Clarke  disowned,  10-21-1770,  for  "frequenting  places  of 
sport  and  gaming." 

Mary  Johnson  disowned,  7-20-1771,    for    "marrying    out    from 
among  Friends  and  by  an  hireling  Priest." 

Thomas  Johnson  disowned,  10-21-1771,  for  "following  the  vain 
fashions  of  the  world."  Zachariah  Moorman,  Clerk. 


Anne  Moorman  disowned,  4-18-1772,  for  "marrying  out  from 
among  us  and  by  a  hireling  Priest." 

Zachariah  Moorman  disowned,  3-19-17Y4,  for  "being  married 
by  a  hireling  Priest." 

Benjamin  Terrell  disowned,  5-8-1774,  for  "following  the  vain 
fashions  and  customs  of  the  world." 


148  DISOWNMENTS. 

Andrew  and  William  Jolinson  diso\\Tied,  2-18-1775,  for  "joining 
with  the  vain  customs  of  the  world,  such  as  horse  racing  and  fre- 
quenting places  of  diversion."  Byrum  Ballard,  Clerk. 


Elizabeth  Pagon   (formerly  Ferrell)    disowned,    5-18-177G,    for 
being  married  by  a  hireling  Priest."  Sarah  Goode,  Clerk. 


Ehzabeth  Johnson  disowned,  5-16-1778,  for  marrying  a  near  rel- 
ative and  being  married  by  a  hireling  Priest. 

John  Lynch  and  Sarah  Goode,  Clerks. 


Mary  Baker  (formerly  Ferrell)  disowned,  7-17-1779,  for  being 
married  by  a  hireling  Priest. 

Milley  Johnson  (formerly  Moorman)  disowned,  920-1779,  for 
the  same  cause. 

Benjamin  Johnson,  Sr.,  disowned,  8-19-1780,  for  purchasing  and 
receiving  manumitted  negroes.  John  Lynch^  Clerk. 


South  River  Meeting,  Held  in  Oampbell  County. 


Priscilla  Goff  (formerly  Stanley)  disowned,  2-15-1783,  for  mar- 
Tjing  contrary  to  the  rules  of  the  Society. 

Eachel  Miller  (formerly  Johnson)  disowned,  5-10-1785,  for  the 
same  cause. 

Rebeccah  Ferrell  disowned,  9-18-178-1,  for  following  the  fashions 
and  customs  of  the  world. 

John  Lynch  and  Mary  Anthony,  Clerks. 


]\Ioses  Kendrick  disowned,  8-18-1787,  for  purchasing  a  slave  and 
also  for  retaining  in  bondage  those  that  he  had  once  liberated  under 
his  band  and  seal. 

Barzilla  Barnard  disowned,  12-20-1788,  for  fighting,  swearing 
and  drinking. 


DISOWNMENTS.  149 

Charles  Johnson,  son  of  Benjamin  Johnson,  deceased,  disowned, 
7-17-1789,  for  figliting  and  using  spirituous  liquors. 

Thomas  Johnson  (son  of  Christopher)  disowned,  8-20-1791,  for 
fighting,  and  spreading  a  report  to  the  injury  of  his  neighbor,  also 
for  marrying  contrary  to  the  rules  of  Friends. 

Obcdiah  Kerby  disowned,  8-18-1792,  for  purchasing  a  slave  and 
holding  him  in  bondage. 

Eichard  Tullis  disowned,  12-15-1792,  for  retaining  a  negro  in 
bondage. 

Thomas  Moorman,  son  of  Zachariah,  disowned,  12-15-1792,  for 
holding  a  slave. 

Thomas,  Watkins  Johnson  disowned,  3-21-1791,  for  being  so  far 
transported  with  passion  as  to  utter  some  profane  expressions. 

4SL2§-Sall-9Jd  disowTied,  5-10-1794,  for  fighting  and  laying  a 
wager,  etc. 

Samuel  Martin  disowned,  12-20-179-1,  for  the  practice  of  gaming 
and  for  military  exercises. 

Samuel  Jordan  Harrison  disowned,  8-16-179-1,  for  Joining  the 
Free  Masons  and  conforming  to  sundry  practices  used  amongst 
them  that  are  burthensome  to  Friends,  such  as  marching  in  proces- 
sion with  music  and  weapons  of  war,  and  also  in  the  uniform  of  an 
apron,  etc. 

Samuel  Terrell  disowned,  3-21-1795,  for  having  allowed  himself 
to  be  so  transported  with  passion  as  to  utter  some  very  unbecoming 
speeches,  and  threatening  expressions  to  the  dishonor  of  our  pro- 
fession. 

Samuel  Moorman  disowned,  3-21-1795,  for  holding  a  slave. 
John  Schoolfield  and  James  Martin  disowned,  8-8-1795,  for  en- 
listing in  military  service. 

Thomas  Johnson  disowned,  10-6-1796,  for  drinking  spirituous 
liquors.  Achillis  Douglass,  Clerk. 


Gideon  Lay,  Jr.,  disowned,  4-8-1797,  for  enlisting  himself  as  a 
soldier. 

John  Preston,  Jr.,  disowned,  8-11-1798,  for  laying  wagers  and 
using  profane  language. 


150  DISOWNMENTS, 

William  Fowler  disowTied,  8-11-1798,  for  using  profane  language. 

William  Harrison  disowned,  12-8-1798,  for  following  the  vain 
fashions  of  the  world,  making  "bets"  and  using  profane  language. 

Benjamin  Bradford  disowned,  9-14-1799,  for  attending  and  an- 
swering to  his  name  at  a  military  muster. 

Moorman  Johnson  disowned,  10-13-1799,  for  being  guilty  of  gam- 
ing, using  profane  language  and  attending  places  of  diversion. 

John  Fisher,  Jr. 


John  Bradfield  disowned,  11-9-1799,  for  attending  a  meeting  for 
military  exercises  and  using  profane  language. 

Betty  Johnson  (daughter  of  Charles  Johnson)  disowned,  12-1-4- 
1799,  for  dancing  and  attending  places  of  diversion. 

Benjamin  Barnett  disowned,  4-12-1800,  being  concerned  in  mili- 
tary services.  a 

John  Johnson,  Jr.,  disowned,  l-9-18'92,  for  using  spirituous 
liquors  to  excess. 

Samuel  Johnson,  son  of  Christopher.  Jr.,  disowned,  4-10-1802, 
for  using  profane  language  and  attending  places  of  diversion. 

Thomas  Johnson,  son  of  John,  disowned,  12-11-1802,  for  taking 
strong  drink  to  excess,  offering  to  fight  and  hiring  a  slave. 

Micajah  Moorman,  Jr.,  and  Susanna  Johnson  were  disowned,  3- 
12-1803,  for  marrying  (they  being  first  cousins),  and  for  being 
married  contrary  to  the  rule  of  Friends. 

John  Fowler  disowned,  7-9-1805,  for  ceasing  to  attend  our  re- 
ligious meetings  and  for  following  the  vain  customs  of  the  world, 
also  using  profane  language. 

Christopher  Lynch  disowned,  10-12-1805,  for  following  the  vain 
customs  of  the  world  and  for  hiring  slaves. 

William  Johnson,  Jr.,  disowned,  4-12-1806,  for  moving  out  of  the 
State  without  endeavoring  to  settle  with  his  creditors. 

William  Eoberts  disowned,  6-8-1816,  for  using  intoxicating 
liquors  to  excess  and  for  fighting. 

Asa  Wood  disowned,  6-30-1821,  for  playing  cards,  taking  oaths, 
attending  places  of  diversion  and  joining  the  Masonic  Society. 


DISOWNMENTS.  151 

Samuel  Fisher  disowned,  8-12-1820,  for  disposing  of  a  colored 
boy  named  James,  wlio  was  entitled  to  his  freedom,  and  he  has  since 
fallen  into  the  hands  of  those  who  hold  him  as  a  slave,  and  said 
Samuel  would  not  endeavor  to  restore  James  to  his  freedom,  al- 
tliough  Friends  urged  him  to  do  so. 

Gervas  Johnson  disowned,  5-8-1824,  for  accomplishing  his  mar- 
riage contrary  to  the  rules  of  Friends. 


Whereas,  Ehoda  Terrell,  daughter  of  Thomas  Terrell,  of  Caroline 
County,  who  had  an  education  amongst  us,  hath,  contrary  to  the 
good  order  used  amongst  Friends,  joined  in  marriage  to  a  man  not 
of  our  Society ;  and  having  been  repeatedly  cautioned  against  it,  we 
therefore  disown  the  said  Ehoda  from  being  a  member  of  our  re- 
ligious Society  until  she  makes  satisfaction.  Signed  in  and  on 
behalf  of  a  Monthly  Meeting  of  men  and  women  Friends  held  at 
Cedar  Creek  in  Hanover  County  the  8th  of  the  3rd  month  1704. 

MiCAJAH  Crew, 
Eachel  Moorman, 
Clerks. 

Whereas,  Jonathan  Terrell,  who  had  a  right  of  membership  in 
our  religious  Society,  hath  so  far  deviated  from  the  principles  we 
profess  as  to  enter  into  marriage  contrary  to  the  rules  of  our  Dis- 
cipline, and  endeavors  to  justify  his  conduct  in  so  doing,  we  do 
therefore  disown  him  from  being  a  member  of  our  Society  until  he 
make  satisfaction.  Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  a  Monthly  Meeting 
held  at  Cedar  Creek  in  Hanover  County  the  13tli  of  the  6th  month 
1807. 

Benjamin  Bates,  Clerk. 


Whereas,  Pleasant  Terrell,  son  of  Pleasant  Terrell,  deceased,  late 
of  Caroline  County,  who  had  a  birthright  amongst  us,  hath  so  far 
deviated  from  the  known  rules  of  our  Discipline  as  to  join  himself 
in  marriage  with  one  not  of  our  profession,  we  therefore  disown  him 
from  being  a  member  of  our  religious  Society  until  he  make  satis- 
faction. Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  a  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends 
held  at  Cedar  Creek  in  Hanover  County  the  8th  day  of  the  7th 
month  1807.  Benjamin  Bates,  Clerk. 


152  DISOWN  MENTS. 

\Miereas,  Robert  Terrell,  of  Caroline  County,  who  had  a  birth- 
right with  us,  hath  so  far  neglected  his  duty  as  a  member  of  So- 
ciety as  to  decline  the  attendance  of  our  religious  meetings  and  the 
observance  of  the  rules  of  the  Discipline  of  Friends  generally,  he 
having  been  dealt  with  without  the  desired  effect,  we  do  therefore 
disown  him  to  be  a  member  with  us.  until  he  condemns  his  conduct 
in  these  respects.  Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  a  Monthly  Meeting 
held  at  Cedar  Creek  in  Hanover  County  the  12th  of  the  12th  month 

1807. 

Benjamin  Bates,  Clerk. 


"V^^iereas.  Jesse  Terrell  has  been  in  the  practice  for  some  time  of 
hiring  slaves,  and  having  been  labored  with,  and  tenderly  advised 
with  bv  Friends  to  decline  a  practice  so  contrary  to  the  rules  of  our 
Discipline  and  the  Divine  precept  which  requires  us  to  do  to  others 
as  we  would  be  done  by;  he  hath,  instead  of  complying  therewith, 
further  proceeded  to  the  purchase  of  several.  We  therefore  testify 
against  such  practices  and  hereby  disown  him,  the  said  Jesse  Ter- 
rell, from  being  a  member  of  our  religious  Society  until  he  con- 
demn the  said  conduct  to  the  satisfaction  of  Friends.  Signed  in 
and  on  behalf  of  a  Monthly  jMeeting  hold  at  Cedar  Creek  in  Han- 
over County  the  14th  day  of  the  -ith  month  1810. 

Benjamin  Bates,  Clerk. 


Whereas.  John  Terrell,  of  Caroline  County,  who  had  a  birthright 
among  Friends,  hath  so  far  deviated  from  our  known  rules  as  to 
join  himself  in  marriage  with  a  woman  not  of  our  religious  pro- 
fession, we  do  therefore  disown  him  from  being  a  member  of  our 
Society  until  he  make  satisfaction.  Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  a 
Monthly  Meeting  held  at  Cedar  Creek  in  Hanover  County  the  10th 
day  of  the  11th  month  1810. 

Benjamin  Bates,  Clerk. 


Whereas,  Chiles  Terrell,  who  had  by  birth  a  membership  in  So- 
ciety with  Friends,  hath,  contrary  to  our  Discipline,  joined  in  mar- 
riage with  a  woman  not  professing  with  us,  we  do  therefore  disown 
him  from  beinff  a  mcml)er  until  he  make  satisfaction.     Signed  in 


DISOWNMENTS.  153 

and  on  l)ehalf  of  a  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  held  at  Cedar  Creek 
in  Hanover  County  the  <Sth  of  the  12th  month  1810. 

Benjamin  Bates,  Clerk. 


Whereas,  Milley  Terrell,  who  had  a  hirthright  among  Friends, 
has  so  far  deviated  from  the  known  rules  as  to  join  in  marriage  with 
a  man  not  of  our  religious  Society,  we  do  therefore  disown  her  from 
being  a  member  of  our  society  until  she  make  satisfaction.  Signed 
in  and  on  behalf  of  a  Monthly  Meeting  held  at  Cedar  Creek  in  Han- 
over County  the  9th  day  of  the  3rd  month  1811. 

Benjamin  Bates, 
Chlotilda  Harris, 

Clerks. 


Whereas,  Caleb  Terrell  has,  contrary  to  the  known  rules  of  the 
Society,  engaged  as  an  overseer  of  slaves,  and  been  active  in  the 
performance  of  military  services,  and  disregarding  the  advice  of 
Friends  still  continues  in  the  the  practice,  we  do  therefore  disown 
the  said  Caleb  Terrell  from  being  a  member  of  our  religious  So- 
ciety, until  he  make  satisfaction.  Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  a 
Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  held  at  Cedar  Creek  in  Hanover  Coun- 
ty the  10th  of  the  7th  month  1813.  Lemuel  Crew,  Clerk. 


Wliereas,  Matilda  Terrell,  of  Caroline  County,  has  so  far  devi- 
ated from  the  rules  of  our  Society  as  to  join  in  marriage  with  a 
person  not  of  our  profession,  and  having  been  visited  and  labored 
with  in  order  to  convince  her  of  the  error,  without  the  desired  ef- 
fect, we  therefore  disown  her  from  being  any  longer  a  member  of 
our  Society  until  she  is  disposed  to  make  satisfaction.  Signed  in 
and  on  behalf  of  Cedar  CJreek  Monthly  Meeting  held  the  11th  of  the 
oth  month  1816.  Lemuel  Crew, 

Deborah  Harris, 

Clerks. 


Whereas,  Ehoda  Terrell  (daughter  of  Jessie  Terrell),  who  had  a 
birthright  amongst  us,  has  so  far  deviated  from  the  order  and  Dis- 
cipline established  among  Friends  as  to  become  united  in  marriage 


154  DISOWNMENTS. 

with  a  man  not  of  our  religious  Society,  we  therefore  disown  her 

from  being  a  member  of  our  Society  until  she  make  satisfaction. 

Signed  in  and  on  behalf  of  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  held  at 

Cedar  Creek  the  9th  of  the  5th  month  1818. 

Lemuel  Crew, 
Eebecca  Harris, 

Clerks. 


Whereas,  George  Terrell,  who  had  a  right  of  membership  among 
Friends,  but  having  so  far  deviated  from  their  known  rules  as  to 
marry  a  woman  not  of  our  Society,  we  do  hereby  disown  him  from 
being  any  longer  a  member  of  our  Society,  until  he  make  satisfac- 
tion. Signed  on  behalf  and  l)y  direction  of  a  Monthly  Meeting  of 
Friends  held  at  Cedar  Creek  in  Hanover  County  the  12th  day  of 
the  7th  month  1823.  Samuel  Tehrell,  Clerk. 


Whereas,  Samuel  Terrell  (son  of  Jesse  Terrell),  of  Caroline 
County,  who  had  a  right  of  membership  amongst  us,  has  so  far 
deviated  from  the  good  order  established  by  our  discipline  and  the 
advice  of  Friends  as  to  unite  in  marriage  with  a  person  not  of  our 
religious  Society,  we  therefore  disown  him  from  being  any  longer  a 
member  of  our  Society  until  he  shall  make  satisfaction.  Signed  by 
direction  and  on  behalf  of  a  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  held  at 
Cedar  Creek  the  12th  of  the  5th  month  1827. 

Joseph  J.  Pleasants,  Clerk. 


Whereas,  Kittie  Terrell*  (daughter  of  Lemuel  and  Eebecca  Ter- 
rell), who  had  a  birthright  amongst  us,  has  so  far  deviated  from  the 
known  rules  of  Friends  as  to  marry  a  man  not  professing  with  us, 
we  therefore  disown  her  from  being  any  longer  a  member  of  our 
religious  Society  until  she  make  satisfaction.  Signed  by  direction 
and  on  behalf  of  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  held  the  11th  of  the 
7th  month  1829. 

MiCAjAH  Bates, 
Tacy  Bates, 

Clerks. 


♦  Catharine  Pleasant  Terrell  (Kittie)  married  James  Bell. 


DISOWNMENTS.  155 

Whereas,  Eliza  Ann  Terrell  (daughter  of  Jesse  Terrell,  of  Caro- 
line County),  who  had  a  right  of  membership  amongst  us,  has  mar- 
ried contrary  to  the  rules  of  our  Society  and  the  good  order  estab- 
lished among  Friends,  we  therefore  disown  her  from  being  any 
longer  a  member  of  our  religious  Society  imtil  she  make  satisfac- 
tion. Signed  by  direction  and  on  behalf  of  a  Monthly  Meeting  of 
Friends  held  at  Cedar  Creek  in  Hanover  County  the  12th  day  of 
the  6th  month  1830. 

Joseph  J.  Pleasants, 
Tacy  C.  Bates, 

Clerks. 


Whereas,  Nicey  L.  Terrell*  (daughter  of  Lemuel  and  Eebecca 
Terrell),  who  had  a  birthright  among  us,  has  so  far  deviated  from 
the  known  rules  of  our  Society  as  to  marry  a  man  not  professing 
with  us,  we  do  therefore  disown  her  from  being  any  longer  a  mem- 
ber of  our  religious  Society  until  she  make  satisfaction.  Signed  by 
order  and  on  behalf  of  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  held  the  9th 
of  the  4th  month  1836. 

Walter  Crew, 
Ann  Crenshaw, 
Clerks  at  This  Time. 


Whereas,  ISTancy  Terrell,f  who  had  a  right  of  membership 

amongst  us,  has  married  contrary  to  the  rules  of  our  Discipline,  we 
do  therefore  disown  her  from  being  any  longer  a  member  of  our 
religious  Society  until  she  make  satisfaction.  Signed  by  direction 
of  our  Monthly  Meeting  of  men  and  women  Friends  held  at  Cedar 
Creek  in  Hanover  County  the  14th  day  of  the  2nd  month  1835. 

Joseph  J.  Pleasants, 
Tacy  C.  Bates, 

Clerks. 


Whereas,  Joseph  W.  Terrell,  who  had    a    right   of   membership 
amongst  us,  has  married  contrary  to  the  rules  of  our  Discipline, 


*  Nicey  L.  Terrell  married  Joel  Luck, 
t  Nancy  married  LiBton  Cobb. 


156  DISOWNMENTS. 

we  therefore  disown  him  from  being  any  longer  a  member  of  our 
religious  Society  until  he  make  satisfaction.  Signed  by  direction 
and  on  behalf  of  a  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  held  at  Cedar  Creek 
in  Hanover  County  the  9th  of  the  5th  month  1835. 

Walter  Crew,  Clerk  at  This  Time. 


Whereas,  Robert  S.  Terrell,*  who  had  a  birthright  amongst  us, 
has  so  far  deviated  from  the  testimonies  which  we  have  deemed  it 
our  duty  to  bear  as  to  engage  in  overseeing  slaves,  and  having  been 
visited  by  a  committee  of  our  meeting  on  the  subject,  has  not  only 
manifested  no  disposition  to  cease  the  practice,  but  has  also  inform- 
ed the  committe  that  he  is  in  the  habit  of  mustering,  thereb}^  mani- 
festing that  he  has  not  the  love  and  fear  of  God  in  his  heart,  we  do 
therefore  issue  this  our  testimony  against  such  practices  and  dis- 
own the  said  Robert  S.  Terrell  from  being  a  member  of  our  relig- 
ious Society  until  he  makes  satisfaction.  And  may  the  Lord  in  his 
mercy  open  his  understanding  to  a  sense  of  the  CAnl  of  his  ways  and 
strengthen  him  to  return  to  the  Testimonies  of  Truth.  Signed  by 
direction  and  on  behalf  of  the  Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  held 
at  Cedar  Creek  in  Hanover  County  the  11th  day  of  the  7th  month 
1835.  Joseph  J.  Pleasants,  Clerk. 


Whereas.  Edwin  Terrell,  who  had  a  right  of  membership  among 
us,  has  married  contrary  to  the  rules  of  our  Society  and  the  good 
order  estal)lished  among  us  by  which  he  has  forfeited  his  right,  we 
do  therefore  disown  him  from  being  any  longer  a  member  of  our 
religious  Society  until  he  shall  make  satisfaction.  Signed  by  direc- 
tion and  on  behalf  of  Cedar  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  held  the  12th 
day  of  the  8th  month  1843.  Joseph  J.  Pleasants,  Clerk. 

^\^lereas,  Mary  Ann  Terrell  (late  Hunnicutt),  who  liad  a  right 
of  mcmljershi])  among  us,  has  married  contrary  to  the  rules  of  our 
Society  and  the  good  order  established  among  \\s,  by  which  she  has 
forfeited  her  right,  we  do  therefore  disown  her  from  being  any 
longer  a  Tiieml)er  of  our  religious  Society  until  she  make  satisfac- 

*  K.  S.  Terrell  married  Eliza  Hargrave. 


DISOWNMENTS.  157 

tion.     Signed  by  direction  and  on  behalf  of  Cedar  Creek  Monthly 
Meeting  of  Friends  held  the  12th  day  of  the  8th  month  1843. 

Joseph  J.  Pleasants, 
Mary  Bates, 

Clerks. 


Whereas, Walter  Terrell,*  who  has  a  right  of  membership  with 
us,  has  married  contrary  to  the  Discipline  of  our  Society,  and  hav- 
ing been  visited  by  a  committee  of  Salem  Monthly  Meeting  of  Iowa 
on  our  behalf,  without  manifesting  any  disposition  to  make  acknowl- 
edgment for  the  same,  we  do  therefore  disown  the  said  Walter  Ter- 
rell from  being  any  longer  a  member  amongst  us,  until  he  make 
satisfaction.  Signed  by  direction  and  on  behalf  of  Cedar  Creek 
Monthly  Meeting  of  Friends  held  at  Eichmond  the  llth  day  of  the 
7th  month  1852.  John  B.  Crenshaw,  Clerk. 

*  Walter  TerreU  married  M.  Talitha  Crew  October,  1850.  She  died  in  185:?,  and  in 
1854  he  married  her  sister  Jane.  Talitha  left  one  daughter,  Mary  T.,  now  Mrs  Kuolid 
Saunders,  of  Iowa  City,  Iowa.  Walter  Terrell  died  January  30, 1887,  and  his  wife 
Jane  died  in  August,  1888. 


LETTERS  OF  CONFESSION 


LETTERS   OF  CONFESSION  AND 
CONDEMNATION. 


Dear  Friends  : 

I  having  been  a  member  of  your  Meeting,  but  going  contrary  to 
the  good  order  and  rules  of  Friends  to  be  married  by  an  hireling 
Priest,  which  practice  I  do  fully  condemn  and  am  heartily  sorry 
that  I  have  been  the  cause  of  trouble  and  sorrow  to  Friends  and 
greatly  desire  to  be  reunited  to  my  friends,  which  I  submit  to  the 
freedom  of  the  meeting_,  1-2-1778.  Eichard  Kerby. 


At  a  Monthly  Meeting  held  at  Cedar  Creek  the  14th  of  the  7th 
month,  1781,  Moorman  Johnson  sent  to  this  meeting  condemning 
his  outgoings  in  marriage,  also  a  recommendation  from  some  of  the 
members  of  your  meeting,  where  he  has  of  late  resided,  on  which  he 
is  reinstated  into  the  Society  and  is  recommended  to  the  care  of 
the  Southriver  Monthly  Meeting.  Moses  Harris,  Clerk. 


To  the  Monthly  Meeting  to  be  held  2-17-1787. 

Dear  Friends  : 

I  have  at  some  time  past  acted  in  a  disorderly  manner  in  fighting 
and  thereby  brought  a  scandal  on  Truth  and  a  wound  to  my  own 
mind,  the  practice  I  do  utterly  condemn  myself  in  so  doing,  and  if 
Friends  will  pass  by  my  conduct  in  that  respect,  am  in  hopes 
through  Divine  assistance  never  to  do  the  like  again. 

Edward  Terrell. 


To  the  Monthly  Meeting  to  he  Held  at  Southriver  9-15-1787. 

Dear  Friends  : 

I  have  to  acknowledge  that  being  off  the  true  watch  I  have  given 
way  to  the  spirit  of  resentment  so  far  as  to  gratify  that  revengeful 
spirit  by  the  putting  forth  mine  own  hand  to  the  dishonor  of  Truth, 
which  has  been  a  matter  of  sorrow  to  me,  and  do  sincerely  condemn 
the  same ;  and  notwithstanding  such  conduct  may  justly  deserve  the 
censure  of  my  friends,  yet  I  have  a  hope  and  earnest  desire  remain- 


162  LETTERS    OF  CONFESSION. 

ing  that  I  may  be  enabled  through  a  watchful  care  and  diUgent  at- 
tention to  that  principle  of  Light  and  Grace  to  surmount  every  dif- 
ficulty that  in  future  may  be  permitted  to  attend  me.  I  therefore 
submit  my  case  to  the  solid  consideration  of  the  Meeting,  and  re- 
main vour  friend.  John  Lynch. 


Dear  Friends  : 

By  birth  having  had  a  right  of  membership  with  you,  I  inconsid- 
erately went  out  in  marrying  a  near  relative  and  thereby  justly  for- 
feited my  right,  which  transgression  the  Father  of  Mercies  hath 
been  pleased  to  give  me  a  sight  and  sense  of,  and  it  has  been  cause 
of  sorrow  and  deep  mourning  to  me  in  a  particular  manner  that  of 
marrying  near  relative,  which  lays  with  greater  weight  on  me  than 
any  other  part  of  my  conduct,  for  which  I  was  disowned ;  and,  dear 
friends,  I  now  freely  and  sincerely  condemn  all  such  practices  as 
being  out  of  the  line  of  truth  and  contrary  to  good  order,  and  desire 
to  make  such  satisfaction  that  you  may  be  easy  with  in  receiving  me 
again  into  membership,  hoping,  tlirough  Divine  assistance,  for  the 
future  to  conduct  myself  to  the  satisfaction  of  Friends  and  the  peace 
of  my  own  mind.  Elizabeth  Johnson. 

10-8-1787. 


Dear  Friends  : 

Being  suddenly  overtaken  with  ])assion  too  unguardedly  beat  a 
man,  which  I  am  really  sorry  for,  and  do  heartily  condemn  myself 
in  so  doing,  and  all  such  rash  undue  liberties,  and  believe  if  I  had 
a  little  reflected  I  should  have  been  preserved  from  such  unbecoming 
conduct,  and  for  your  satisfaction  can  assure  that  it  is  my  resolu- 
tion to  endeavor  to  conduct  consistent  with  our  profession  for  the 
future,  and  remain  your  very  loving  friend,  etc.     John  Fowler. 

6-20-1788. 


Dear  Friends: 

Having  gone  out  in  marriage  contrary  to  the  good  order  amongst 
Friends,  and  having  a  sight  and  sense  of  my  error,  I  do  sincerely 
condemn  the  same  and  myself  in  so  doing,  and  hope  in  future  to 
conduct  myself  more  circumspectly  and  agreeable  to  good  order,  and 
request  that  you  may  accept  of  this  condemnation  which  I  submit. 

4-18-1789.  William  Terrell. 


letters  of  confession.  163 

Dear  Friends  : 

Having  so  far  deviated  from  the  peaceable  principles  professed 
by  us  as  to  suffer  the  spirit  of  anger  and  resentment  so  to  prevail  as 
to  procure  firearms  for  my  safety,  all  which  conduct  I  do  condemn, 
hoping  at  the  same  time  that  my  future  conduct  will  evince  the  sin- 
cerity of  this  my  acknowledgment.  Enoch  Eobarts. 

6-20-1789. 


Dear  Friends  : 

Whereas  I,  the  subscriber,  having  been  so  far  off  my  watch  as  to 
be  guilty  of  abusive  conduct  towards  a  neighbor  of  mine,  and  also 
using  some  unwary  language,  all  which  I  see  to  be  wrong  and  in- 
consistent with  the  peaceable  principles  we  profess,  and  being  sorry 
therefor,  do  condemn  the  same,  desiring  Friends  to  accept  this  my 
acknowledgment  and  continue  me  under  their  care  as  my  future 
conduct  shall  render  me  worthy.  Given  under  my  hand  this  16th 
day  of  the  7th  month,  1789.  Griffin  Dobbins, 


Dear  Friends  : 

Having  lately  behaved  myself  in  a  very  unbecoming  manner  to  a 
Friend,  both  in  words  and  action,  which  I  am  sorry  for  and  do  en- 
tirely condemn  the  same  in  myself  and  hope  that  in  future  my  life 
and  conduct  will  evidence  the  sincerity  of  my  condemnation. 

8-15-1789.  William  Bloxom. 


Dear  Friends  : 

I  having  married  contrary  to  Discipline,  for  which  I  was  justly 
disowned  by  you,  and  being  lately  measurably  sensible  of  the  dis- 
advantage of  such  a  separation,  do  therefore  condemn  my  miscon- 
duct in  that  respect  and  desire  to  be  reinstated  to  Friends  again, 
and  hope  my  future  conduct  will  evidence  the  sincerity  of  this  my 
acknowledgment.  Milley  Johnson. 

9-17-1791. 


Dear  Friends  : 

I  once  had  a  right  amongst  you  and  knew  not  the  worth  of  it,  and 
by  taking  undue  liberty  and  suffering  myself  to  be  married  by  an 
Hireling  Minister,  caused  me  to  lose  my  right,  which  I  found  to  be  a 
great  loss  when  it  pleased  the  Lord  to  open  my  eyes  and  show  me 


164  LETTERS    OF  CONFESSION. 

whereabouts  T  was.     Therefore,  like  a  returning  prodigal,  I  make 
request  to  come  under  your  care  again  Judith  Brown, 

8-12-1792. 


Dear  Fimends: 

We  acknowledge  that  we  have  deviated  from  the  principles  of 
Friends  in  kissing  the  Book,  etc.,  which  we  were  inadvertently 
drawn  into  not  knowing  the  difference  between  an  Oath  and  an  Af- 
firmation, which  we  are  heartily  sorry  for,  and  if  Friends  can  pass 
by  this  offence  we  hope  in  future  to  be  more  cautious  how  we  com- 
mit such  errors.  Timothy  .ind  David  Johnson. 

1-18-1794. 


Dear  Friends  : 

I  acknowledge  I  was  much  to  blame  for  fighting  or  seeking  any 
revenge,  which  is  inconsistent  with  what  we  profess,  for  which  I 
have  been  very  sorry  for  and  blame  myself  for,  and  hope  I  shall  en- 
deavor to  take  care  hereafter  David  Terrell,  Jr. 


Dear  Friends  : 

As  I  have  been  charged  with  beating  and  abusing  a  man,  which 
I  do  confess  that  I  suffered  passion  so  far  to  prevail  over  me  as  to 
be  guilty  of  the  charge,  for  which  I  am  sorry,  and  have  been  with 
the  man  and  made  him  satisfaction  for  the  same,  and  hope  that  if 
Friends  can  look  over  this  my  transgression  that  I  may,  through 
Divine  assistance,  be  able  for  the  future  to  govern  myself  in  a  bet- 
ter manner,  and  desire  to  subscribe  myself.    Your  friend, 

Wm.  Johnson,  Jr. 

Dear  Friends: 

I  hereby  condemn  my  conduct  in  having  been  active  in  procuring 
a  substitute  to  serve  in  the  ]\Iilitia,  although  by  indirect  means,  also 
removed  and  left  some  accounts  unsettled,  all  wliieh  has  given 
trouble  and  uneasiness  to  Friends,  which  I  have  been  made  sensible 
of  and  sorry  for.  Hoping  my  future  conduct  may  be  more  con- 
sistent, I  desire  Friends  may  accept  this  my  aclcnowledgment  and 
continue  me  under  their  care.  William  Betts. 

1-15-1798. 


LETTERS    OF  CONFESSION.  165 

Dear  Friends: 

Wliereas  I  have  so  far  deviated  from  the  rules  of  good  order 
which  we  profess  as  to  be  guilty  of  drinlving  strong  drink  to  excess, 
I  hereby  give  this  as  my  humble  acknowledgment  that  I  am  truly 
sorry  for  it  and  do  condemn  myself  in  so  doing,  and  request  my 
Friends  to  pass  by  this  my  offense,  and  hope  my  future  conduct  will 
render  me  more  worthy.  William  Stanton. 

9-3-1799. 


Esteemed  Friends  : 

Whereas  I  stand  justly  disowned  for  marrying  contrary  to  Dis- 
cipline, and  now  being  sensible  of  my  error,  I  do  sincerely  condemn 
the  same,  with  desires  to  be  reinstated.  If  Friends  can  accept  this, 
I  hope  my  future  conduct  will  evidence  the  sincerity  of  the  same. 

8-11-1799.  Betty  Timberlake. 


Betsy  Neely,  of  Halifax  County,  condemned  her  conduct  in  mar- 
rying out  and  asked  to  be  reinstated  4-5-1801. 

Susanna  Johnson  made  a  similar  confession  and  request  8-8-1801. 

Aaron  Stanton  condemned  his  conduct  in  having  accomplished 
his  marriage  contrary  to  Discipline,  5-11-1805. 


Dear  Friends: 

I  have  done  amiss  in  hiring  a  slave,  for  which  I  am  sorry  and 
condemn  the  practice,  and  have  set  her  at  liberty  until  her  year  is 
up,  and  if  Friends  will  look  over  my  misconduct  I  hope  to  be  more 
careful  for  the  future.  Moorman  Johnson. 

11-9-1805. 


Mica j  ah  Johnson  condemns  his  conduct  in  having  been  married 
by  a  'Tiire-teacher,"  8-9-1805. 

William  Johnson,  9-13-1812,  condemns  his  conduct  for  having 
been  married  "in  the  ways  of  the  world." 

Garland  Johnson,  2-13-1813,  condemns  having  accomplished  his 
marriage  "contrary  to  the  known  Eules  and  Discipline  of  Friends." 


166  LETTEK8    OF  CONFESSION. 

Mildred  Tyree,  3-14-1818,  condemns  "having  deviated  so  far  as 
to  marry  contrary  to  the  Eules  of  Friends." 


Dear  Friends: 

The  act  of  fighting  of  which  I  have  been  guilty  has  often  caused 
me  to  feel  regret  on  account  of  its  repugnance  to  the  principles  of 
the  Society  in  which  I  have  been  raised  and  in  which  it  is  my  desire 
to  remain,  and  I  trust  that  Friends  will  judge  of  my  case  in  the 
spirit  of  forbearance.  Achillis  D.  Johnson. 

4-7-1829. 


APPENDIX 


APPENDIX  I. 


HISTORICAL  SYNOPSIS. 


CHAPTER   I. 

THE  ORIGIN  OF  QUAKERISM. 

From  volume  entitled  "Southern  Quakers  and  Slavery." 

The  Quakers  were  the  radicals  of  the  Protestant  Eeformation, 
and,  although  they  were  in  existence  before  the  days  of  George  Fox, 
yet  to  the  latter  is  due  the  fact  that  he  first  put  himself  in  the  front 
of  the  movement  and  became  its  founder.  Hence  a  history  of  this 
kind  would  be  incomplete  without  some  account  of  him. 

The  founder  of  the  Society  of  Friends  was  George  Fox  (1634- 
1691).  He  was  born  at  Drayton  in  the  Clay,  in  Leicestershire, 
England,  in  July,  1624:.  His  father  was  a  Puritan  weaver,  and  the 
son,  originally  intended  for  the  Church,  was  apprenticed  to  a  shoe- 
maker and  dealer  in  wool.  At  a  very  early  age  Fox  had  ''a  gravity 
and  stayedness  of  mind  and  spirit  not  usual  in  children,"  and 
when  he  was  eleven  "knew  pureness  and  righteousness."  In  1643 
"I  left  my  relations,  and  broke  off  all  familiarity  or  fellowship  with 
young  or  old."  For  the  next  few  years  he  was  in  spiritual  darkness 
and  groped  after  the  light.  He  met  with  struggles,  and  temptations, 
with  buffets  and  jeers,  but  the  work  of  the  Lord  went  forward,  and 
many  were  turned  from  darkness  to  light  by  his  labors. 

He  dates  the  beginnings  of  his  Society  from  Leicestershire  in 
1644.  The  course  of  Quakerism  was  at  first  toward  the  north  of 
England.  It  appeared  in  Warwickshire  in  1645;  in  Nottingham- 
shire in  1646;  in  Derby,  1647;  in  the  adjacent  counties  in  1648, 
1649  and  1650.  It  reached  Yorkshire  in  1651;  Lancaster  and 
Westmoreland,  1652 ;  Cumberland,  Durham  and  JSTorthumberland, 
1653;  London  and  most  other  parts  of  England,  Scotland  and  Ire- 
land in  1654.  In  1655  Friends  went  beyond  sea  "where  truth  also 
sprang  up,"  and  in  1656  "it  broke  forth  in  America  and  many  other 
places." 

Fox  was  unremittent  in  his  missionary  labors,  and  traveled  over 
England,  Scotland,  Wales  and  Ireland.  He  visited  the  West  Indies 
and  North  America.  He  went  twice  into  Holland.  His  first  im- 
prisonment was  at  Nottingham  in  1649.     It  was  a  strange  thing 


172  APPENDIX. 

then  to  be  in  prison  for  religion,  and  some  thought  him  mad  because 
he  "stood  for  purity,  righteousness  and  perfection,"  but  the  sim- 
plicity, the  earnestness,  the  devotion,  and  the  practical  nature  of 
this  system  when  contrasted  with  the  dry  husk  of  Episcopacy  and 
the  jangling  creeds  of  the  Dissenters  soon  won  him  adherents  by  the 
thousands.  They  came  mostly  from  the  lower  ranks  of  society,  but 
from  all  sects. 

Quakerism  is  distinctively  the  creed  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
Seekers  were  in  revolt  against  the  established  order.  It  gave  these 
seekers  what  they  were  seeking  for.  In  theology  it  was  un-Puritan ; 
but  in  eultus,  forms  and  modes  it  was  more  than  Puritan.  The 
Quaker  was  the  Puritan  of  the  Puritans.  He  was  an  extremist,  and 
this  brought  him  into  conflict  with  the  established  order.  He  be- 
lieved that  Quakerism  was  primitive  Christianity  revived.  He 
recognized  no  distinction  between  the  clergy  and  laity;  he  refused 
to  swear,  for  Christ  had  said,  swear  not  at  all;  he  refused  to  fight, 
for  the  religion  of  Christ  is  a  religion  of  love,  not  of  war;  he  would 
pay  no  tithes,  for  Christ  had  said,  ye  have  freely  received,  freely 
give ;  he  called  no  man  master,  for  he  thought  the  terms  rabbi,  your 
holiness  and  right  reverend  connoted  the  same  idea.  He  rejected 
the  dogmas  of  water  baptism  and  the  Puritan  Sabbath,  and  in 
addition  to  these  claimed  that  inspiration  is  not  limited  to  the  wint- 
ers of  the  Old  and  Kew  Testaments,  but  is  the  gift  of  Jehovah  to 
all  men  who  will  accept  it,  and  to  interpret  the  Scriptures  men  must 
be  guided  by  the  Spirit  that  guided  its  authors.  Here  was  the 
cardinal  doctrine  of  their  creed  and  the  point  where  they  differed 
radically  from  other  Dissenters.  Add  to  this  the  doctrine  of  the 
Inner  Light,  the  heavenly  guide  given  directly  to  inform  or  illumi- 
nate the  individual  conscience,  and  we  have  the  corner-stones  of 
their  system. 

His  success  at  first  was  not  rapid,  but  sure.  Even  the  name 
'"Quaker,"  like  that  of  "jMethodist,"  was  given  in  derision.  Th(! 
Society  of  Friends  is  their  true  appellation.  But  as  our  object  in 
the  publication  of  this  book  is  mainly  to  confine  ourselves  to  mat- 
ters which  touch  Quakerism  in  Virginia  and  a  few  adjacent  states, 
we  cannot  trespass  upon  our  limits  in  regard  to  its  illustrious 
founder  by  giving  an  account  of  his  European  career,  but  must 
confine  it  to  North  America.  It  may  seem  singular  that  there  are 
not  a  few  well-read  people  who  do  not  even  know  that  George  Fox 


APPENDIX.  173 

was  a  visitor  to  the  "North  American  Phintations,"  as  tliis  country 
was  called.  He  came  over  in  the  year  1672,  and  the  volume  from 
which  we  quote  has  this  to  say  of  his  travels  and  labors  here. 

We  left  George  Fox  going  over  to  the  Eastern  Shore.  In  a 
day  or  two  he  set  out  for  New  England.  He  labored  there,  then  re- 
turned to  Maryland,  held  meetings  on  both  sides  of  the  Bay,  and  on 
the  fifth  of  November  set  sail  for  Virginia  from  Patuxent  Kiver. 
In  three  days  they  came  to  Nancemund  (Nansemond).  Fox 
reached  it  by  going  down  Patuxent  Eiver,  down  Chesapeake  Bay 
and  up  Nansemond  Eiver.  Here  a  great  meeting  was  held.  To 
this  meeting  came  one  Col,  Dewes,  "with  several  officers  and  magis- 
trates, who  were  much  taken  with  the  declaration  of  truth."  Then 
Fox  "hastened  towards  Carolina;  yet  had  several  meetings  by  the 
way,  wherein  we  had  good  service  for  the  Lord:  one  about  four 
miles  from  Nancemum  water,  which  was  very  precious;  and  there 
was  a  men's  and  a  women's  meeting  settled,  for  the  affairs  of  the 
church.  Another  very  good  meeting  we  had  at  William  Yarrow's, 
at  Pagan  Creek,  which  was  so  large  that  we  were  fain  to  be  abroad, 
the  house  not  being  big  enough  to  contain  the  people.  A  great 
openness  there  was,  the  sound  of  truth  spread  abroad,  and  had  a 
good  favor  in  the  hearts  of  people:  the  Lord  have  the  glory  for- 
ever !" 

"After  this,"  Fox  continues,  "our  way  to  Carolina  grew  worse, 
being  much  of  it  plashy,  and  pretty  full  of  great  bogs  and  swamps ; 
so  that  we  .were  commonly  wet  to  the  knees,  and  lay  abroad  a-nights 
in  the  woods  by  a  fire:  saving  one  of  the  nights  we  got  to  a  poor 
house  at  Summertown  [Somerton],  and  lay  by  the  fire."  The 
whole  of  this  itinerary  can  be  traced  pretty  clearly;  coming  down 
the  Chesapeake  and  sailing  up  Nansemond  Eiver,  as  we  have  seen. 
Fox  and  his  companions,  Eobert  Widders,  James  Lancaster  and 
George  Pattison,  probably  took  horse  before  they  reached  the  Widow 
Wright's.  They  entered  North  Carolina  by  way  of  Somerton,  Va., 
and  went  by  canoe  down  Bennett's  Creek,  called  by  Fox  Bonner's 
Creek,  into  "Macocomocock  river,"  which  is  doubtless  the  modern 
Chowan,  to  the  house  of  Hugh  Smith,  "where  people  of  other  pro- 
fessions came  to  see  us  (no  Friends  inhabiting  that  part  of  the 
country)."  This  house  was  probably  situate  in  the  western  part  of 
the  present  county  of  Chowan.  "Then  passing  down  the  river 
Maratick  in  a  canoe,  we  went  down  the  bay  Connie-oak  [Edenton] 


174  APPENDIX. 

to  a  captains  who  was  loving  to  us  and  lent  us  his  boat  ( for  we  were 
much  wetted  in  the  canoe,  the  water  plashing  in  upon  us).  With 
this  boat  we  went  to  the  governor's;  but  the  water  in  some  places 
was  so  shallow,  that  the  boat,  being  loaded,  could  not  swim ;  so  that 
we  put  off  our  shoes  and  stockings,  and  waded  through  the  water  a 
pretty  way."  The  Governor's  residence  was  probably  near  Eden- 
ton.  Fox  says  he  and  his  wife  received  them  "lovingly,"  but  they 
found  a  sceptic  in  the  person  of  a  certain  doctor,  who  "would  needs 
dispute  with  us,"  declaring  that  the  light  and  the  spirit  of  God 
were  not  in  the  Indians,  and  who  "ran  out  so  far  that  at  length  he 
would  not  own  the  Scriptures." 

"We  tarried  at  the  Governor's  that  night;  and  next  morning  he 
very  courteously  walked  with  us  about  two  miles  through  the  woods, 
to  a  place  whither  he  had  sent  our  boat  about  to  meet  us.  Taking 
leave  of  him,  we  entered  our  boat  and  went  al^out  thirty  miles  to 
Joseph  Scot's,  one  of  the  representatives  of  the  country  [probably 
in  Perquimans,  near  Pasquotank  County].  There  we  had  a  sound, 
precious  meeting;  the  people  were  tender,  and  much  desired  after 
meetings.  Wherefore  at  an  house  about  four  miles  further,  we 
had  another  meeting;  to  which  the  Governor's  secretary  came,  who 
was  chief  secretary  of  the  province,  and  had  been  formerly  con- 
vinced." 

Fox  also  went  among  the  Indians  and  spoke  to  them  l)y  an  inter- 
])retcr,  and  "having  visited  the  north  part  of  Carolina,  and  made  a 
little  entrance  for  the  truth  among  the  peopl,e  there,  we  began  to 
return  again  towards  Virginia,  having  several  meetings  in  our  way, 
wherein  we  had  good  service  for  the  Lord,  the  people  being  gen- 
erally tender  and  open.  ...  In  our  return  we  had  a  very  precious 
meeting  at  Hugh  Smith's  ....  the  people  were  very  tender,  and 
very  good  service  we  had  amongst  them.  .  .  .  The  ninth  of  the 
tenth  month  we  got  back  to  Bonner's  Creek  ....  having  spent 
about  eigliteen  days  in  the  north  of  Carolina. 

"Our  horses  having  rested,  we  set  forward  for  Virginia  again, 
traveling  through  the  woods  and  bogs  as  far  as  we  could  well  reach 
that  day,  and  at  night  lay  by  a  fire  in  tlie  woods.  Next  day  we  had 
a  tedious  journey  through  bogs  and  swamps,  and  were  exceedingly 
wet  and  dirty  all  the  day,  but  dried  ourselves  at  night  by  a  fire. 
We  got  that  night  to  Sommertown.  .  .  .  Here  we  lay  in  our  clothes 
by  the  fire  as  we  had  done  many  a  night  before.  Next  day  we  had  a 
meeting;  for  the  people  ....  had  a  great  desire  to  hear  us;  and 


APPENDIX.  175 

a  very  good  meeting  we  had  among  them,  where  we  never  had  one 
before."  After  traveling  about  a  hundred  miles  from  Carolina  into 
Virginia  they  were  again  among  Friends.  They  spent  about  three 
weeks  in  Virginia,  mostly  among  Friends.  They  had  large  and 
precious  meetings.  At  the  Widow  Wright's  "many  of  the  magis- 
trates, officers  and  other  high  people  came.  A  most  heavenly  meet- 
ing we  had;  wherein  the  power  of  the  Lord  was  so  great,  that  it 
struck  a  dread  upon  the  assembly,  chained  all  down,  and  brought 
reverence  upon  the  people's  minds."  The  parish  priest  threatened 
to  interfere,  "TDut  the  Lord's  power  ....  stopped  him  ....  The 
people  were  wonderfully  affected  with  the  testimony  of  truth.  .  .  . 
Another  very  good  meeting  we  had  at  Crickatrough,  at  which  many 
considerable  people  were,  who  had  never  heard  a  Friend  before; 
and  they  were  greatly  satisfied,  praised  be  the  Lord !  We  had  also  a 
very  good  and  serviceable  meeting  at  John  Porter's  which  consisted 
mostly  of  other  people,  in  which  the  power  of  the  Lord  was  glo- 
riously seen  and  felt,  and  it  brought  the  truth  over  all  the  bad 
walkers  and  talkers ;  blessed  be  the  Lord !" 

During  the  last  week  of  his  stay  Fox  spent  time  and  pains  cor- 
recting evils  that  had  come  into  the  Society  and  in  "working  down 
a  bad  spirit  that  was  got  up  in  some,"  and  then,  ""having  finished 
what  service  lay  upon  us  at  A^irginia,  the  thirtieth  of  the  tenth 
month  [30  December,  1672]  we  set  sail  in  an  open  sloop  for  Mary- 
land." 

Thus  ended  the  on]|_y  visit  of  George  Fox  to  Virginia  and  Caro- 
lina. It  was  his  good  fortune  to  see  his  Society  organized  and  pros- 
pering in  each.  In  Virginia  the  number  of  Friends  was  more 
than  doubled  by  his  preaching,  while  "a  large  convincement"  was 
upon  many  others  who  had  not  yet  professed.  The  connection 
between  these  bodies  and  the  English  societies  was  close.  An  ex- 
change of  letters  began.  Fox  sent  copies  of  Edward  Burrough's 
Words  to  Col.  Thomas  Dewes  at  Nansemond;  to  Major-General 
Bennett;  to  Lieutenant-Colonel  Waters,  in  Accomack;  to  Justice 
Jordan,  near  Accomack,  in  Potomac;  to  the  Governor  of  Carolina, 
and  others.  There  was  soon,  no  doubt,  some  sort  of  union  between 
the  meetings  in  Virginia  and  Carolina,  but  this  has  not  been  at  any 
time  an  organic  one,  for  the  Quakers  of  North  Carolina  steadily 
fought  against  the  idea  of  being  absorbed  by  their  Virginia  neigh- 
bors. There  has  always  been  unity  of  thought  and  feeling  between 
the  Society  in  the  two  States  and  their  history  is  one. 


176  APPENDIX. 

QUAKERISM   IN   VIRGINIA. 

As  the  existence  of  Quakerism  in  Virginia  on  an  extensive  scale^ 
prior  to  and  long  after  the  American  Eevolution,  admits  of  no  dis- 
pute an  account  of  its  introduction  in  Virginia  and  other  Southern 
States  is  eminently  demanded.  The  record  shows  that  Massa- 
chusetts was  the  first  American  colony  in  which  Quakerism  was 
preached.  The  second  seems  to  have  been  Virginia,  although  there 
is  little  difference  in  the  time  of  its  appearance  in  this  colony  and 
in  Maryland.  The  person  to  plant  the  standard  of  Quakerism  in 
the  South  was  Elizabeth  Harris,  a  native  of  London.  Of  her  per- 
sonal history  we  know  little.  She  entered  Virginia  in  1656,  and 
arrived  in  England  on  her  return  about  July,  1657,  '^'in  a  pretty 
condition."  Bowden  says  "her  religious  labors  were  blessed  to 
many  in  that  province,  who  were  sincere  seekers  after  heavenly 
riches,  and  she  was  instrumental  in  convincing  many  of  the  primi- 
tive and  spiritual  views  of  the  Christian  religion  professed  by 
Friends." 

We  may  say  that,  Virginia  was  first  settled  by  the  English,  May 
13,  1607.  Under  the  preaching  of  an  English  woman,  Elizabeth 
Harris,  in  1656,  the  first  Friends'  meetings  were  established. 
Friends  were  no  more  welcome  here  than  among  their  brother  Eng- 
lishmen in  Massachusetts.  The  current  extravagant  stories  con- 
cerning them  were  believed,  and  they  were  evidently  thought  to  be 
a  very  dangerous  class  of  people.  In  1660,  Virginia  enacted  the 
following  law  concerning  them :  "Wliereas,  there  is  an  unreason- 
able and  turbulent  sort  of  people  commonly  called  Quakers,  who, 
contrary  to  law,  daily  gather  unto  themselves  unlawful  assemblies 
and  congregations  of  the  people.  ...  It  is  enacted  that  no  master 
or  commander  of  a  ship  or  other  vessel  do  bring  into  this  colony 
any  person  or  persons  called  Quakers,  under  the  penalty  of  one 
hundred  pounds  sterling,  to  be  levied  upon  him  and  his  estates  by 
order  of  the  governor  and  council  or  the  commissions  in  the  several 
counties  where  such  ships  shall  arrive;  that  all  such  Quakers  as 
have  been  questioned,  or  shall  hereafter  arrive,  shall  be  appre- 
hended wherever  they  shall  be  found,  and  they  be  imprisoned,  with- 
out bail  or  mainprise,  till  they  do  abjure  this  country,  or  put  in 
security  with  all  speed  to  depart  this  colony  and  not  return  again. 
And  if  any  should  dare  to  presume  to  return  hither  after  such  de- 
parture, to  be  proceeded  against  as  contemners  of  the  laws  and 


APPENDIX.  177 

magistracy,  and  punished  accordingly  and  cansod  again  to  de})art 
the  country,  and  if  they  should  the  third  time  be  so  audacious  and 
impudent,  they  are  to  be  proceeded  against  as  follows :  That  no 
person  shall  entertain  any  of  the  Quakers  who  have  heretofore  been 
questioned  by  the  governor  and  council,  or  which  shall  hereafter  be 
questioned,  nor  permit  in  or  near  his  house  any  assembly  of  the 
Quakers,  under  penalty  of  one  hundred  pounds  sterling;  that  com- 
missioners and  officers  are  hereby  required  and  authorized,  as  they 
will  answ^er  the  contrary  at  their  peril,  to  take  notice  of  this  act, 
to  see  it  fully  effected  and  executed,  and  that  no  person  do  presume 
on  their  peril  to  dispose  of  or  jmblish  their  books,  pamphlets,  or 
libels  bearing  the  title  of  their  tenets  and  opinions." 

In  the  early  settlement  of  Virginia,  Friends  as  well  as  others 
took  up  large  tracts  of  land,  and  many  of  them  settled  near  where 
Eichmond,  Winchester  and  Norfolk  now  are.  Tradition  tells  us 
of  one  who  took  up  40,000  acres  of  land,  another  4,000.  We  hear 
of  one  Pleasants,  who  owned  many  slaves,  and  was  determined  to 
have  one  thousand.  At  one  time  he  held  nine  hundred  and  ninety- 
nine,  but  he  failed  to  reach  the  full  thousand  before  the  Friends 
of  Virginia  decided  that  it  was  unrighteous  to  hold  their  fellow- 
men  in  bondage.  By  this  decision  he  was  very  much  annoyed.  A 
committee  went  to  visit  him  on  account  of  his  slave-owning,  but 
he  would  not  leave  his  field  to  meet  them,  so  they  waited  patiently 
until  he  came  to  dinner.  He  then  had  their  horses  put  in  the 
stable  and  invited  them  to  dine  with  him  with  true  Friendly  hospi- 
tality. But  when  dinner  was  over,  he  wished  to  hasten  l:)ack  to  the 
field  with  his  sable  farm  hands.  The  committee  finally  induced 
him  to  tarry  for  a  season  of  waiting  before  the  Lord.  For  some 
time  they  sat  in  silence,  and  then  arose,  saying  if  he  would  have 
their  horses  brought  they  would  now  proceed  on  their  wav.  They 
departed  without  once  mentioning  the  object  of  their  visit;  but 
he  knew  for  what  they  came  and  was  obliged  to  think  about  it. 
When  upon  his  bed  that  night  he  said  he  dreamed  that  he  died  and 
was  about  to  pass  through  the  gateway  of  heaven,  when  a  little 
darkey  lad  closed  the  gate,  and  he  was  not  allowed  to  enter.  He 
said  he  did  not  intend  to  be  kept  out  of  heaven  by  the  darkeys,  so 
the  next  morning  he  summoned  the  blacks  and  tol,d  them  they 
were  all  free  from  that  day.  He  arranged  for  those  who  wished 
to  remain  with  him  to  work  for  wages,  and  said  that  with  about 


178  APPENDIX. 

half  the  number  of  servants  his  business  was  more  profitable  than 
before. 

By  the  year  1817,  all  Friends  in  Virginia  had  freed  their  slaves. 
As  in  Xorth  Carolina,  so  in  Virginia,  the  principles  of  Friends, 
for  some  time  before  the  late  Civil  War,  were  so  at  variance  with 
tlie  prevailing  sentiment  around  them  that  most  of  them  moved 
AVest,  so  that  at  the  time  the  war  began,  there  were  in  the  State 
only  a  few  small  remnants  of  meetings  that  met  to  worship  God 
after  the  manner  of  Friends.  One  of  these  small  meetings  was  in 
the  vicinity  of  Winchester,  which  city  has  been  made  famous  as 
the  centre  of  important  military  operations  during  the  Bevolution 
as  well  as  during  the  Civil  War. 

From  the  above  it  will  be  seen  that  while  Virginia  is  second  to 
Massachusetts  as  to  the  advent  of  Quakerism,  there  is  no  dispute  as 
to  the  date  in  which  the  Old  Dominion  first  heard  the  gospel  as 
propounded  by  the  good  people  nor  the  name  of  the  good  woman 
who  did  so.  It  may  be  noted  that  no  allusion  is  made  to  the  erec- 
tion of  any  church  building,  although  there  were  many  converts. 
In  all  probabilit}^,  as  the  Quakers  were  then  under  the  ban,  they 
held  their  meetings  in  private  houses  of  Friends. 

As  to  the  antiquity  of  claimants  as  to  first  churches,  we  find  on 
page  23  of  the  volume  from  which  we  Just  quoted  the  following: 

Again,  on  the  12th  of  November,  1663,  Hill  found  another 
Quaker  meeting  at  the  residence  of  Eichard  Kussell,  and  summoned 
some  35  persons,  including  John  Porter,  Sr.,  and  John  Porter,  Jr., 
to  court.  Ten  days  later  Hill  discovered  a  Quaker  meeting  on  the 
ship  Blissing,  at  anchor  in  the  southern  branch  of  Elizabeth  river, 
and  summoned  John  Porter,  Jr.,  who  was  speaking ;  James  Gilbert, 
master  of  the  ship ;  Mrs.  Mary  Emperor,  and  others,  to  court.  De- 
cember 15  they  were  fined  200  pounds  of  tobacco  each,  this  being 
their  first  trial.  On  the  same  day  others  were  fined  50  pounds  each 
for  absenting  themselves  from  juiblic  worship,  and  the  grand  jury 
presented  John  Porter,  Jr.,  and  Mrs.  Mary  Emperor  and  others 
for  attending  a  meeting  on  that  day  at  the  house  of  Mrs.  Emperor. 
The  trial  for  the  offense  of  ISTovember  13  occurred  on  February  14 
following.  John  Porter,  Jr.,  and  Mrs.  Mary  Emperor  were  fined 
500  pounds  of  tobacco  each,  for  it  was  their  second  offense;  Richard 
Russell  was  fined  5,000  pounds  of  tobacco  for  permitting  the  meet- 
ing to  be  held  at  his  house,  and  the  others  were  fined  200  pounds  of 
tobacco  each,  as  it  was  their  first  offense.     The  trial  tor  the  meet- 


APPENDIX.  179 

ing  held  at  the  house  of  ]\Irs.  Emperor  on  December  15  also  came 
off  then.  Mrs.  Emperor  and  John  Porter,  Jr.,  were  ordered  to  be 
sent  out  of  the  colony,  it  being  their  third  correction.  Ann  Godby 
was  fined  500  poimds  of  tobacco,  it  being  her  second  correction,  and 
others  were  fined  200  pounds,  as  it  was  their  first.  The  sentence 
of  transportation  passed  against  Porter  and  Mrs.  Emperor  was  not 
carried  out.  They  were  joersons  of  influence  in  the  county,  and  as 
there  was  no  profit  to  the  informer  in  their  transportation  the  sen- 
tence was  probably  allowed  to  die  of  itself.  Hill's  term  as  sheriff 
expired  in  1664,  and  there  was  no  further  persecution  of  Quakers 
in  this  county  until  1675. 

If  we  accept  this  account  in  its  ecclesiastical  sense  then  we  may 
say  that  the  Quaker  Church  was  established  in  Virginia  in  the  year 
1663.  Coming  directly  to  the  building  of  Meeting-Houses  in  Vir- 
ginia the  first  one  recorded  was  Buffkin's,  on  the  east  or  Vir- 
ginia side  of  Nansemond  Eiver.  This  house  was  20x20,  the  inside 
was  ceiled,  and  the  floor  was  laid  with  planks  and  was  fitted  with 
pews  and  seats.  It  cost  3688  pounds  of  tobacco,  of  which  the  main 
contributors  Avere  John  Miu'dah,  530  pounds;  Eol^ert  Jordan,  580 
pounds;  Ben  Small,  520;  John  Porter,  500  pounds,  and  John  Hoi- 
lowell,  350.  Another  house,  25x20,  was  built  on  the  west  branch 
of  Xansemond  in  1692,  and  so  important  was  the  question  of  nails 
that  it  was  recorded  that  Francis  Bridle  gave  them.  They  were 
all  hand-made,  or,  as  we  say,  "wrought  nails."  There  were  meet- 
ing-houses in  Virginia  before  this,  no  douljt,  but  we  have  no  record 
of  them.  Among  the  names  recorded  we  find  the  following:  Pleas- 
ants, Terrell,  Howard,  Woodson,  Watkins,  Porter.  Ellyson,  Jor- 
dan, Binford,  Cate,  Hunnicutt,  Crew,  Clarke,  Munford  and  many 
others,  which  figure  largely  on  the  roll  of  Cedar  Creek,  Golansville 
and  other  churches.  If  you  add  to  this  list  a  few  other  names  that 
we  find  more  frequently  in  the  eastern  counties,  such  as  Picks,  it 
will  be  seen  that  many  of  their  descendants  are  prominent  to-day. 

Continuing  the  Virginia  record,  we  find  that  the  Quakers,  after 
having  gained  a  footing  in  eastern  Virginia,  branched  out  and 
established  meetings  in  Loudoun  and  Frederick  Counties,  but 
whetlier  they  had  Meeting-Houses  as  such  or  met  at  private  houses 
the  record  at  this  early  date  does  not  state.  It  may  be  noted,  how- 
ever, that  the  meeting  in  east  Virginia,  although  the  oldest,  were  the 
first  to  decline,  Quakers  having  entirely  disappeared  from  Norfolk 
Countv  before  1700. 


180  APPENDIX. 

CHAPTER   II. 

QUAKERISM   IN  NORTH  AND   SOUTH   CAROLINA. 

'NMk'U  Quakerism  was  tlms  expanding  toward  the  west  in  Vir- 
ginia, a  similar  but  independent  movement  was  going  on  in  North 
Carolina  toward  the  south.  The  first  Quaker  counties  of  North 
Carolina  were  Perquimans  and  Pasquotank.  Here  it  was  planted 
by  Edmundson  and  Fox  in  167"?.  ^Migrations  from  these  original 
seats  of  the  faith  began  as  early  as  1T();3.  The  movement  crossed 
Albemarle  Sound  and  went  south.  By  the  middle  of  the  century 
there  were  Quakers  in  Hyde,  Beaufort,  Craven,  Carteret,  Jones, 
Bladen  and  Lenoir  counties.  They  probaljly  had  meetings  for  wor- 
ship in  all  of  these  counties. 

In  Carteret  county.  Core  Sound  ]\Ionthly  ]\Ieeting  was  set  up  in 
1T33.  It  was  probably  the  oldest  in  the  section  and  its  records 
have  been  preserved.  In  IT-iT  Quakers  in  Carteret  were  strong 
enough  to  send  one  of  their  number  to  the  Assembly.  But  in  IT 71 
Core  Sound  Monthly  Meeting  was  small,  for  it  seems  that  most  of 
its  meml)ers  had  moved  farther  into  the  interior  of  the  State.  At 
the  end  of  the  last  century  the  principal  families  of  Quakers  in  the 
meeting  bore  the  names  of  Stanton,  Williams,  Harris,  Brown, 
Howard,  Mace,  Thomas,  Davis,  Arnold,  Hollowell,  Horn,  Overman, 
Dew,  Bogue,  Bishop,  Bundy,  Borden,  Parker,  Chadwick,  Hellen, 
Scott,  Physioc,  and  Cartright. 

In  1748  we  find  mention  of  a  monthly  meeting  on  Falling  Creek, 
then  in  Dobbs,  now  in  Lenoir  county.  This  monthly  meeting  was 
probably  not  far  from  the  present  town  of  Kinston,  and  continued 
here  until  January  G,  1772,  when  it  was  the  judgment  of  Friends 
that,  since  most  of  the  Friends  about  the  Meeting-IIouse  on  Lower 
Falling  Creek  had  died  or  had  moved  aAvay,  the  monthly  meeting 
should  be  held  at  IJichai'd  Coxe's.  near  Upper  Falling  Creek.  In 
July,  1772,  it  was  said  that  Friends  had  settled  on  several  branches 
of  Contentnea  Creek,  and  as  they  were  distant  from  meeting,  it  was 
agreed  to  put  a  first  day's  meeting  at  Arthur  Bryant's,  and  '"at  a 
monthly  meeting  held  at  (ireat  Contentney,  the  12th  of  the  9th 
mo.,  1772,"  it  was  also  agreed  that  the  monthly  meeting  should  be 
transferred  to  Arthur  Bryant's.  From  this  time  the  Falling  Creek 
Monthly  ]\Ieeting  disappears  and  Great  Contentnea  takes  its  place. 
It  was  at  the  time  of  its  organization  farther  from  the  sea-coast 


APPENDIX.  181 

than  any  other  monthly  meeting  in  ^orth  Carolina.  It  was  known 
later  as  Contentnea  JMonthly  ^Meeting.  We  find  among  its  members 
in  the  eighteenth  century  the  following  names :  Beeman,  Overman, 
Bogne,  Hollowell,  Cox,  Pike,  Pearson,  Hall,  Mayo,  Wooten,  Edger- 
ton,  Arnold,  Copeland,  Bundy,  Morris,  Doudna,  and  Outland.  From 
these  names  we  are  led  to  infer  that  connection  with  the  meetings  in 
Carteret  County  to  the  east  and  Northampton  county  on  the  north 
was  close. 

Perhaps  we  can  illustrate  the  expansion  of  Quakerism  in  east- 
ern Virginia  and  eastern  North  Carolina  in  no  better  way  than  by 
quoting  the  journal  of  William  Eeckitt,  who  visited  these  meetings 
in  1756-57.  He  says  of  the  meetings  in  Virginia :  "I  visited  all  the 
little  handfuls  scattered  up  and  down  in  these  parts,  and  often  had 
service  in  families.  I  met  with  Samuel  Spavold,  who  likewise  was 
much  engaged  in  the  service  of  truth.  His  labor  of  love  in  the 
work  of  the  gospel  was  indeed  great  in  this  part  of  the  Avorld ;  those 
of  other  societies  being  much  reached  by  his  ministry." 

Eeckitt  then  set  forward  to  North  Carolina;  held  meetings  at 
Piney  AVoods,  Wells,  Old  Neck,  and  Little  Eiver,  all  in  Perquimans 
county;  lodged  with  Thomas  Nicholson,  the  author;  probably  did 
not  go  into  Pasquotank  county,  but  turned  to  the  west,  accompanied 
by  Joshua  Fletcher  and  Francis  Nixon.  He  says,  "I  then  set  forward 
towards  a  wilderness  country,  where  the  inhabitants  were  very  thin. 
....  Our  first  meeting  after  we  left  Perquimans  was  at  John 
Coupeland's.  .  .  .  There  were  but  few  friends,  but  people  of  other 
societies  came  in,  who  had  notice;  amongst  whom  was  an  officer 
of  the  army  .  .  .  ."  The  first  established  meeting  they  reached 
was  at  Fort  Eiver  (Eoanoke?),  "where  a  meeting  had  been  recently 
settled,  of  such  as  had  been  convinced."  They  then  came  to  Henry 
Horn's  in  Edgecombe  county,  who  had  been  convinced  from  among 
the  Baptists,  for  the  inhabitants  of  this  section  belonged  principally 
to  that  faith ;  then  they  came  to  a  small  meeting  at  Neuse  in  Wayne 
county,  and  then  ninety  miles  to  the  meeting  at  Core  Sound.  The 
destination  of  Eeckitt  was  to  the  Friends  in  South  Carolina.  "The 
first  meeting  we  had  after  we  left  Core  Sound,  was  at  Permeanus 
Hauton's  who  gave  us  an  invitation  to  his  house,  and  sent  to  give 
notice  to  his  neighbors,  though  some  lived  several  miles  distant. 
We  got  to  his  house  about  the  time  the  meeting  was  appointed,  where 
we  found  seats  placed,  and  every  thing  in  such  convenient  order  for 


182  APPENDIX. 

a  meeting-,  as  I  thought  I  had  seldom  seen.  His  rooms  being  little, 
he  had  placed  seats  in  his  court  yard,  and  under  the  windows,  that 
I  believe  all  could  sit  and  hear  without  the  least  troubling  one  an- 
other; and  indeed  I  thought  his  la1:)or  and  good  inclination  were 
blessed,  for  a  solid  time  it  was,  and  I  found  openness  to  declare  the 
truth  amongst  them.  .  .  .  "We  staid  one  night  at  AVilmington,  the 
capital  town  in  jSTorth  Carolina;  but  it  being  their  general  court 
time  and  the  privateers  having  brought  in  prizes,  the  people's  minds 
were  in  great  commotions,  so  that  I  could  find  no  room  nor  freedom 
to  have  a  meeting,  though  several  called  Quakers  lived  there,  Init 
held  no  meeting,  except  when  strangers  came."  They  crossed  a 
branch  of  Cape  Fear  Eiver  and  then  Avent  to  Carver's  Creek.  ''Here 
was  a  small  gathering  of  Friends.  AVe  staid  their  first  day  meeting 
over,  and  then  went  to  Dan's  [Dunn's]  Creek,  where  we  found  rn- 
other  gathering  of  such  as  call  themselves  Friends,  but  had  been 
much  hurt,  and  scattered  in  their  minds  from  the  true  shepherd, 
by  an  enemy  that  had  sown  tares." 

^\e  find  Quakerism  planted  in  South  Carolina  in  much  the  same 
manner  as  it  was  in  North  Carolina,  but  inasmuch  as  letters  writ- 
ten from  the  scene  are  more  interesting  than  a  dry  historical  record, 
we  will  quote  a  letter  written  by  Samuel  Fothergill,  a  missionary 
from  Charleston,  S.  C,  February  13th,  1755.     He  says: 

"Since  I  wrote  you  from  Waynoak.  [Va.],  I  have  visited  all  vhe 
residue  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  and  last  night  arrived  here, 
and  have  had  a  meeting  here  this  day,  amongst  a  poor  miserable 
handful  of  professors,  and  believe  I  must  visit  all  their  families 
before  I  can  easily  leave  this  place.  I  expect  to  be  in  Georgia,  150 
miles  south  of  this  place,  sometime  next  week,  and  then  return 
northwards,  800  miles,  upon  a  line,  without  much  stop,  except  seven 
meetings  which  I  left  as  I  came  southwards. 

"On  the  2d  instant,  after  a  ride  of  fifty  miles,  we  were  obliged 
to  lie  in  the  woods  all  night. 

"I  have  this  day  had  a  large,  good  meeting,  to  my  satisfaction; 
but  the  meeting  house  being  small  was  inconvenient.  ]\Iost  of  the 
principal  inhabitants  attended,  and  I  expect  the  use  of  the  Baptist 
meeting  house  on  first  day  evening,  to  take  leave  of  the  inlialtitants 
of  this  place,  who  have  given  general  instances  of  their  regard. 

"George  Whitfield  passed  through  this  town  a  few  days  ago,  to 


APPENDIX.  183 

Georgia,  having  travelled  very  hard  from  Pliiladelphia,  to  get  to 
his  flock  before  we  came  amongst  them. 

"The  state  of  the  church  is  generally  low,  and  exceedingly  so  in 
this  place;  there  is  very  little  of  the  form,  and  much  less  of  the 
power,  of  truth  amongst  them.  My  heart  has  been  bowed  into 
strong  concern,  and  close  labor  for  and  with  them,  and  hope  for 
some  little  reviving  of  secret  care  in  particular;  but  alas,  many 
seem  awakened  for  a  time,  and  sink  afresh  into  lukewarmness."  In 
the  same  letter  he  says :  "I  have  now  been  to  the  extent  of  my  visit 
southward,  being  120  miles  further  than  any  Friend  hath  travelled 
on  religious  account,  and  am  setting  my  face  northward.  I  pro- 
pose another  public  meeting  in  this  place  to-morrow,  and  then  to 
leave."  He  was  also  invited  to  visit  the  Sea  Islands,  and  expected 
to  do  it,  but  "found  a  prohibition."  These  people  seemed  "desirous 
the  testimony  should  be  exalted  by  others,  but  won't  lend  a  hand. 
....  When  we  left  Charleston  we  had  near  450  miles  to  ride  to  the 
next  settlement  of  Friends,  through  a  country  little  inhabited,  and 
in  wdiich  accommodations  were  scarce  enough,  though  we  made  shift 
to  get  into  some  cal)in  or  other  at  nights,  but  had  not  my  clothes  off 
for  several  nights  successively,  or  any  things  at  times  to  lie  down 
upon  but  a  bear  skin  or  boards." 

It  will  be  of  interest  to  us  to  see  the  names  of  some  of  the  per- 
sons who  were  the  leaders  in  this  extensive  migration,  for  their 
children  became  prominent  in  the  Society  in  North  Carolina,  and 
their  grandchildren  went  to  the  West  and  became  equally  prominent 
there.  From  Warrington  Monthly  Meeting,  Pa.,  there  were  twenty- 
three  arrivals;  among  them  were  Isaac  and  Peter  Cox,  Peter 
Nathan  and  Zacharias  Dicks,  Isaac  Pidgen,  John  Beeson,  Joseph 
Ozburn,  Isaac  Jones,  Jacob  and  Abram  Elliott,  Thomas  Kendall, 
William  Beynolds,  James  and  Aaron  Frazer.  Eight,  came  from 
Bradford  Monthly  Meeting;  among  them  were  Ebenezer  Worth, 
Phineas,  John  and  Richard  MendenhaU  ;  while  another  Richard 
j\Iendenhall,  William  Reynolds,  and  Thomas  Dennis,  Jr.,  came  from 
New  Garden,  Pa. ;  eleven  came  from  Cedar  Creek  ]\Ionthly  Meeting, 

"Va.,  including  Philip  Hoggatt,  William  and  Zachariah  Stanley, 
Robert,  John  and  William  Johnson;  eight  from  Caroline  Monthly 

'  Meeting,  Joseph  Hoggatt,  Stringman  and  Nathan  Stanley,  Talton 
and  James  Johnson;  eight  from  Hopewell  and  six  from  Fairfax; 
from  Hopewell  came  Richard,  Isaac,  Nathaniel  and  John  Beeson, 


184  APPENDIX. 

Benjamin  lirittain,  John  Beals,  James  Langiey,  Joseph  Hiatt ; 
from  the  neighboring  Fairfax  came  George  Hiatt,  William  Ker- 
aej,  Micajah  Stanley,  William  Ballinger;  Joseph  Unthank  and 
family  came  from  Eichland,  Bucks  county,  Pa. ;  James  Bro-mi, 
James  Johnson  came  from  East  Nottingham,  then  in  Pennsylvania, 
now  in  IMaryland.  The  westward  movement  from  the  eastern 
Xorth  Carolina  meetings  was  begun  from  Perquimans  Montlily 
meeting  by  Henry,  Jacob  and  Joseph  Lamb,  who  came  up  in  1760, 
and  thus  set  in  motion  a  movement  that  was  to  attain  large  pro- 
|)ortions  fifty  years  later. 

The  names  given  in  the  above  lists  do  not  represent  all  the 
Quaker  settlers  who  came  to  central  North  Carolina  between  1751 
and  1770,  it  gives  only  representatives  of  certain  families  that  have 
since  attained  considerable  distinction  in  the  section  and  who  first 
made  this  and  the  surrounding  Quaker  settlements  a  success.  They 
represented  some  of  the  oldest  and  best  Quaker  families  in  Penn- 
sylvania. The  New  Garden  settlers  were  soon  reinforced  by  other 
immigrants  who  also  came  from  old  Quaker  stock.  These  were 
the  settlers  from  Nantucket  Island,  Mass.  This  movement  began 
in  1771,  and  Libni  Coffin  was  the  first  Nantucket  man  to  arrive  at 
New  Garden. 

We  get  some  particulars  from  the  life  of  Elijah  Coffin:  "The 
island  of  Nantucket  being  small,  and  its  soil  not  very  productive, 
a  large  number  of  people  could  not  be  supported  thereupon.  .  .  . 
The  population  of  the  island  still  increasing,  many  of  the  citizens 
turned  their  attention  to  other  parts,  and  were  induced  to  remove 
and  settle  elsewhere,  with  a  view  to  l)etter  their  condition  as  to 
])rovide  for  their  children,  etc.  A  while  before  the  Eevolutionary 
war,  a  considerable  colony  of  Friends  removed  and  settled  at  New 
Garden,  in  Guilford  county.  North  Carolina,  which  was  then  a 
newly  settled  country.  My  grandfather  [William]  Coffin  [1720- 
1803]  was  one  of  the  number  that  thus  removed.  His  removal  took 
place,  I  ])eli('ve,  in  the  year  1773."  Again,  Obed  Macy,  writing  of 
the  period  about  1760,  says  that  because  of  the  failure  of  the  whale 
fishery  some  went  to  New  Garden,  N.  C,  others  to  Nova  Scotia  and 
Kennebec :  "Very  few  of  whom  benefited  themselves,  and  some, 
after  a  few  years'  stay,  returncHl.''  Again,  about  the  outbreak  of 
the  Eevolution,  because  of  llic  derangement  of  their  business  by 
the  war,  othei-s  went  to  New  Yoi-k  and  North  Carolina. 


APPENDIX.  185 


THE  STOPPAGE  OF  SOUTHERN  MIGRATION. 

In  1780  two-thirds  of  the  inhabitants  of  Nantucket  were  Quak- 
ers. We  find  among  their  leaders  the  Coffins,  Starbucks,  Folgers, 
Barnards  and  Husseys.  Some  of  these  became  leaders  in  the  Caro- 
lina migration,  which  was  particularly  large,  1771-75.  During  this 
period  of  five  years  there  were  no  less  than  forty-one  certificates 
recorded  at  New  Garden  Monthly  Meeting  from  Nantucket  out  of  a 
total  of  fifty  certificates  received.  In  this  number  there  were  eleven 
families,  and  it  included  many  families  that  have  since  been  promi- 
nent in  that  section  of  the  State.  We  find  among  these  immigrants 
Libni  Coffin,  William  (Jr.),  William,  Barnal)as,  Seth  (and  wife), 
Samuel  (and  family),  Peter  and  Joseph  Coffin;  Jethro  Macy, 
David,  Enoch,  Nathaniel,  Paul  (and  family),  Matthew  (and  five 
children)  and  Joseph  Macy;  William,  G-ayer,  Paul  (and  family) 
and  William  Starbuck;  Richard,  William,  Stephen,  and  Stephen 
Gardner;  Tristrim,  Francis  and  Timothy  Barnard;  Daniel  Francis 
and  Jonah  Wortli;  John  Wickersham;  William  Eeece;  Jonathan 
Gifford;  Eeuben  Bunker;  Nathaniel  Swain;  Thomas  Dixon. 

This  southward  migration  stopped  almost  as  suddenly  as  it  be- 
gan. This  was  caused  by  the  war  of  the  Eevolution.  In  1775 
there  were  eight  certificates  from  Nantucket.  In  1776  there  was 
but  one.  In  that  year  the  migration  from  Virginia  begins  again 
with  an  occasional  belated  settler  from  Delaware  or  Maryland.  But 
it  never  attained  important  proportions.  During  the  seventeen 
years,  1783-1800,  there  Avere  thirteen  certificates  received,  less  than 
one  a  year;  some  came  from  Nantucket,  the  most  from  Pennsyl- 
vania, but  these  were  partly  count erlxilanced  by  the  five  certificates 
granted  to  parties  who  returned  to  their  old  homes. 

It  seems  accurate  to  say  that  all  of  these  new  meetings  had  prac- 
tically attained  their  full  growth  by  the  outbreak  of  the  Eevolution. 
Migration  from  the  northward  was  steady  until  then.  It  then 
ceased  largely,  and  from  that  time  the  meetings  were  kept  up  by 
the  natural  increase,  not  by  the  new  arrivals. 

It  is  quite  interesting  to  record  here  what  a  good  Quaker  brother 
says  as  to  the  superiority  of  the  North  Carolina  Ijrand  to  that  of 
Virginia. 

The  superiority  of  Carolina  Friends  over  Virginia  Friends,  both 
in  temporal  and  spiritual  affairs,  is  also  shown  clearly  by  Hugh 


186  APPENDIX. 

Judge,  who  visited  Southern  Quakers  in  ITSl.  In  speaking  of  his 
travels  in  the  Hopewell  section  of  Virginia  he  says:  "We  arrived 
there  safely;  hut  though  it  was  a  poor  place,  it  was  much  better 
than  the  former,  for  we  got  a  tolerably  good  bed,  and  corn  blades 
for  our  horses;. but  they  had  no  bread,  milk,  cheese  nor  butter  for  us. 
I  asked  whether  we  could  have  some  water  boiled,  which  they  did 
in  a  large  kettle,  for  they  were  entire  strangers  to  tea  and  tea- 
tackling,  having  nothing  of  the  kind.  However,  getting  some  hot 
water,  I  made  some  tea  in  a  quart  mug ;  and,  having  tea  and  sugar 
as  well  as  bread  and  meat  with  us,  we  fared  pretty  Avell  on  our  own. 

"Set  out  before  sunrise,  and  called  at  several  places  before  we 
could  get  any  breakfast,  or  anything  for  our  horses  to  eat.  At  length 
we  obtained  some  corn  blades  for  them,  and  a  broken  kettle  to  boil 
water  for  ourselves  a  breakfast.  So  sorrowfully  poor  is  the  situa- 
tion and  condition  of  many  of  the  inhabitants  of  old  Virginia  that 
travelers  are  hardly  beset  to  get  a  little  refreshment;  yet  they 
abound  with  negroes." 

When  South  Carolina  is  reached  there  is  found  to  be  no  essential 
difference  in  the  evolution  and  development  of  the  meetings  in  the 
northern  and  central  part  of  the  State,  save  that  immigrants  com- 
ing into  this  province,  1760-75,  unlike  those  in  Virginia  and  North 
Carolina,  found  some  Quaker  meetings  already  established  in  their 
line  of  march.  Two  of  these.  Pee  Dee  and  Gum  Swamp,  were  in 
j\Iarlborough  county,  S.  C.  "The  Friends  there,"  says  Eeckitt, 
"though  their  circumstances  in  the  world  were  but  low,  treated  us 
very  kindly.  Their  love  to  truth  and  diligence  in  attending  meet- 
ings are  worthy  of  notice;  for  they  had  nigh  one  hundred  miles  to 
go  to  the  monthly  meeting  they  belonged  to,  and  I  was  informed 
very  seldom  missed  attending  it."  These  Friends  "were  truly  glad 
to  see  us,  they  being  seldom  visited." 

Another  Quaker  meeting  on  their  line  was  that  at  Wateree.  It 
was  in,  or  near,  Camden,  in  Kershaw  county.  It  was  also  known 
as  the  Fredericksburg  or  Camden  meeting.  ]\Iary  Peisley  and 
Catherine  Peyton  visited  it  in  1753.  They  found  the  Society  very 
low  as  to  religious  experience,  but  "some  of  the  youth  were  under  a 
divine  visitation,  which  afforded  comfort  and  encouragement." 
Eeckitt  visited  them  in  1757,  and  says  "several  of  the  Friends  from 
Ireland  had  been  settled  about  six  or  seven  years." 

They  seem  to  have  grown  ra])idly,  for  in  1755  we  find  Wateree 


APPENDIX.  187 

mentioned  as  a  monthly  meeting,  but  whether  it  was  established  by 
jSTorth  Carolina  Yearly  ]\[eeting  we  do  not  know.  In  1757  we  find 
that  certificates  were  taken  from  New  Garden  to  Wateree,  and  in 
1761  parties  returned  to  New  Garden.  In  1762  they  were  visited 
by  William  Hunt  of  North  Carolina.  So  far  as  any  evidence  to 
the  contrary  is  to  be  found,  this  monthly  meeting,  as  well  as  other 
meetings  in  South  Carolina,  at  first  led  a  purely  independent  ex- 
istence. They  were  congregational  as  far  as  government  goes,  and 
it  seems  some  did  not  elect  at  first  to  come  under  North  Carolina 
Yearly  Meeting.  Up  to  this  time  all  South  Carolina  Quakers  seem 
to  have  come  by  the  sea  route.  Charleston,  Edisto,  Wateree,  were 
all  of  the  same  character  in  this  respect.  But  when  the  southward 
migration  swept  over  North  Carolina  and  reached  South  Carolina 
these  older  meetings  became  less  important  relatively,  and  their 
connection  with  North  Carolina  Yearly  Meeting  becomes  more  dis- 
tinct as  the  immigrants  become  more  powerful.  In  1768  Fred- 
ericksburg Monthly  Meeting  was  joined  to  the  Western  Quarter  of 
North  Carolina  Yearly  Meeting,  and  was  held  at  Bush  River,  which 
was  a  settlement  mostly  of  parties  who  had  come  overland  from  the 
north.  In  1770  a  committee  was  appointed  to  investigate  the  state 
of  these  Friends.  They  recommended  the  settlement  of  a  monthly 
meeting  at  Bush  Eiver,  in  Newberry  County,  which  was  done,  and 
that  Fredericksburg  Monthly  Meeting  "should  return  to  the 
Wateree  until  further  orders."  This  was  also  done,  and  from  this 
time  Bush  River  increases  while  Fredericksburg  decreases.  It 
dragged  its  slow  length  along  through  the  Revolution  and  was  laid 
down  about  1782.  Job  Scott  was  there  in  1789.  "I  had  a  very 
small,  yet  precious  meeting  at  Camden,  S.  C,  where  no  member 
of  our  Society  liveth,  except  one  very  ancient  woman ;  though  once 
there  was  a  settled  meeting  of  Friends  there."  To  this  meeting 
there  had  come  the  families  of  Lamb,  Parkins,  Cox,  Smith,  Thomas, 
Pierson,  Gant. 

There  seems  to  have  never  been  more  than  one  Quaker  center  in 
Georgia.  Quakers  were  particularly  favored  under  the  Georgia 
charter,  but  it  is  not  probable  that  any  Friends  appeared  in  the 
colony  early  enough  to  avail  themselves  of  the  advantages  ofi^ered. 
Samuel  Fothergill  was  the  first  Quaker  preacher  to  visit  Georgia. 
This  was  in  1755.  "I  went  thence  [Charleston]  to  Georgia,  and 
had  a  large  meeting  in  the  court-house,  and  some  opportunities  in 


188  APPENDIX. 

the  inn  where  I  lodged,  to  some  service,  though  tliere  were  not  any 
there  who  bore  our  name."  The  vagueness  of  this  letter  leaves  us 
in  doubt  as  to  the  sections  visited. 

The  first  effort  at  Quaker  settlement  was  in  1758.  In  that  year 
"Certain  Quaker  families  entered  the  province  and  formed  a  settle- 
ment about  seven  miles  above  Augusta  upon  a  tract  of  land  known 
to  this  day  as  the  Quaker  Spring.  The  territory  within  which  they 
fixed  their  abodes  had  been  formerly  owned  Ijy  a  tril^e  of  Indians 
called  the  Savannahs.  Thence  were  they  expelled  by  the  Uchees, 
who  occupied  adjacent  lands.  Peacefully  inclined  as  they  were, 
these  Quakers  hoped  to  dwell  in  amity  with  the  neighlwring  Indians. 
AVhile  engaged  in  clearing  lands  and  in  building  comfortaljle  homes 
they  Avere  alarmed  by  the  intelligence  that  the  Cherokees  were  on 
the  eve  of  invading  the  white  settlements.  Without  pausing  to 
ascertain  the  truth  of  the  report,  they  hastily  abandoned  the  coun- 
try, leaving  behind  them  no  trace  of  their  short  occupancy  save  a 
spring-and  a  slender  memory.*' 

The  next  effort  was  more  successful.  On  the  third  of  July, 
IT  TO,  the  General  Assembly  of  Georgia  granted  to  Joseph  Mad- 
dock  (or  Mattock)  and  Jonathan  Still  a  tract  of  40,000  acres  of 
land  in  St.  Paul's  Parish,  Columbia  (now  McDuffie)  County,  Ga., 
to  be  held  in  trust  for  the  Quakers.  Here  they  began  the  town  of 
"Wrightsborough,  on  Town  Creek,  sixteen  miles  from  Appling,  the 
county  seat,  and  named  it  for  Sir  James  Wright,  Governor  of  the 
colony.  The  records  date  from  1773.  In  that  year  a  preparative 
and  a  monthly  meeting  were  organized  in  Wrightsborough  town- 
ship l)y  representatives  sent  from  New  Garden.  The  certificates 
recorded  show  that  the  Quaker  population  was  made  up  of  settlers 
from  South  Carolina,  Xorth  (Virolina,  A'irginia,  Pennsylvania,  and 
Burlington  in  AVest  New  Jersey.  The  outlook  for  a  speedy  develop- 
ment of  their  settlement  was  very  promising  when  Indian  trou])les 
in  1774  prevented  further  ex])ansion.  We  have  an  account  of  this 
Indian  incursion  from  one  who  was  so  close  to  the  sufferers  that  it 
may  l)e  interesting  to  reproduce.  It  is  written  by  Eachel  Price 
(nee  Kirk)  in  her  Account  of  the  Kirh  Family  (MS.).  It  tells 
how  her  sister,  Tamar  Kirk,  married  Phineas  Mendenhall  and  re- 
moved with  him  to  Guilford  County,  N.  C.  This  was  about  1763. 
The  account  continues :  "I  have  retained  the  recollection  of  a  young 
num  of  the  name  of  John  Wickersham,  who  was  acquainted  with  my 


APPENDIX.  189 

sister  Mary.  He  went  to  Carolina  some  time  after  her,  where  they 
renewed  their  attachment  and  were  married  and  settled  there  for  a 
time,  but  the  State  of  Georgia  opened  for  settlement,  inducing 
many  to  move  there.  My  sisters  and  their  families  were  both  of 
them  amongst  those  who  went  about  300  miles  from  their  then 
settlement  into  the  State  of  Georgia  to  a  place  settled  by  Joseph 
Mattock  and  Mattock's  Settlement.  There  they  lived  in  peaceable 
possession  of  their  homes  undisturbed  by  the  natives  for  a  consider- 
able time  until  there  was  a  new  purchase  made  by  the  Govern- 
ment, with  which  the  Indians  seemed  dissatisfied.  My  brothers- 
in-law,  with  others,  l^ought  land  in  it;  as  it  was  considered  very 
good,  many  were  induced  to  make  settlements  on  it,  to  clear  and 
sow  it  with  grain,  but  the  frequent  incursions  of  Indians  was  cau,se 
of  great  discouragement  to  them,  so  that  it  was  deemed  best  by 
many  not  to  reside  on  it.  They  therefore  left  it,  but  when  the  grain 
that  they  had  sown  was  ripe,  they  thought  that  they  wou.ld  go  there 
and  gather  it,  the  distance  not  being  far  from  their  first  settlement 
where  they  resided.  Sister  Tamer,  her  husband  and  three  sons 
went  for  that  purpose,  leaving  their  two  daughters  behind  at  home. 
Early  one  morning  sister  went  to  milk  a  cow  they  had  with  them; 
while  her  hands  were  thus  engaged  a  party  of  Indians  were  lying 
in  wait,  fired  on  them,  put  an  end  to  her  useful  life,  also  killed  her 
eldest  son ;  the  youngest  they  took  captive,  and  kept  him  in  captiv- 
ity about  two  years.  They  adopted  him  and  were  kind  to  him,  and 
when  redemption  was  offered  for  him,  he  had  become  so  much  at- 
tached to  them  and  to  their  manner  of  life,  that  it  required  some 
persuading  to  get  him  from  them.  The  father  and  other  son  made 
their  escape. 

"This  awfully  trying  circumstance  made  such  an  impression  on 
the  minds  of  sister  Mary  and  husband  that  they  came  as  soon  as 
they  could  get  away  to  North  Carolina  to  their  former  settlement. 
In  that  neighborhood  they  lived  for  many  years.  .  .  .  They  of  later 
years  moved  with  their  children  and  their  families  to  Indiana, 
where  they  are  settled." 

There  were  then  about  twenty  families  in  the  Wrightsborough 
connection.  They  report  at  that  time :  "Meetings  are  middling  well 
kept  up  and  love  and  unity  subsist  in  a  middling  good 
degree  amongst  us."  But  the  Indian  incursion  caused  the  popu- 
lation to  become  unstead}^,  and  many  returned  to  the  older  colonies. 


190  APPENDIX. 

Wc  find,  liowever,  a  few  wlio  ventured  that  far  Houtli  during  the  war 
of  the  devolution.  Daniel  A\'illiams  went  down  from  Pennsylvania 
in  1777  to  AVrightsborough,  and  in  1778  writes  back  to  the  people  of 
Pennsylvania:  "I  got  liberty  to  move  into  an  empty  cabin  near  my 
nnele,  where  we  staid  about  six  or  seven  weeks.  During  our  abode 
there  1  dealt  with  a  man  for  100  acres  of  land  in  the  old  purchase. 
There  were  al)out  seven  acres  cleared,  and  a  nice  house  just  built 
thereon,  and  al)out  -10  bearing  peach  ti'ees  planted  out.  We  moved 
there  near  the  beginning  of  the  second  month,  and  I  fell  to  grub- 
l)ing  and  clearing  a  piece  of  ground,  and  got  five  acres  ready  to  plant 
in  corn  in  ])retty  good  season,  and  have  ten  acres  now  growing  of 
likely  corn.  .  .  .  Our  country  is  exceedingly  fertile,  and  takes  but 
little  to  render  it  complete.  One  discouragement  there  is  to  the  set- 
tlement of  it.  and  that  is  the  frequent  incursions  of  the  savages, 
who  almost  every  year  cause  some  part  of  the  settlement 
to  break,  though  it  is  hard  to  penetrate  above  two  or  three 
miles  within  the  English  l)oundaries.  Though  we  have  often  heard 
it  was  their  decision  to  cut  us  otf,  yet  the  interposition  of  the  Divine 
Hand  has  hitherto  frustrated  their  intentions  when  no  human 
])Ower  seemed  sufficient.  Notwithstanding  discouragements  of  this 
k'ind  appear,  yet  it  is  truly  astonishing  to  see  with  what  rapidity  the 
country  is  settled  and  improved;  this  country  which  11  years  ago 
was  a  wild  uninhabited  wilderness.  There  are  several  people  here 
this  fall  that  are  much  indisposed  with  a  fever  that  is  not  common 
in  this  country,  for  we  have  generally  good  water  and  clear,  wdiole- 
some  air  in  the  middle  of  summer.  ...  I  shall  advise  if  any  of  our 
friends  should  incline  to  come  out  here  soon,  that  they  bring  no 
more  money  Avith  them  than  what  will  bring  them  out,  for  we  have 
no  scarcity  of  paper  currency.  I  would  be  very  desirous  if  brother 
Isaiah  would  send  10  or  1"^  lbs.  of  iron  out  by  William  Benson, 
for  it  is  a  very  scarce  article  here  and  rates  I  believe  at  $2.00  the 
pound." 

Georgia  Friends  were  drawn  fi-om  all  the  meetings  to  the  north- 
ward almost  without  exception.  We  find  among  them  the  families 
of  Farmer,  Pugh,  Stubb,  ,lon(^s,  James,  A'ernon,  j\Ioorman,  Upton, 
Williams,  Webb,  Dixon,  Sey})old,  Coppock,  Brown,  Hodge,  Men- 
denhall. 

The   Georgia  meetings  rejjorted  to   the   Bush   Piver   Quarterly 


APPENDIX.  191 

Meeting,  and  this  in  turn  to  the  JSTorth  Carolina  Yearly  Meeting. 
In  1775  we  find  Georgia  mentioned  in  the  North  Carolina  Yearly 
Meeting  records.  South  Carolina  had  heen  mentioned  for  the  first 
time  in  1770.  The  change  in  the  center  was  soon  felt;  in  1777 
came  the  j^roposition  to  remove  the  Yearly  Meeting  from  the  east; 
in  1786  request  was  that  it  he  held  at  Centre,  in  Guilford  County. 
It  was  held  here  the  next  year,  and  then  alternated  hetween  the 
east  and  the  west  until  1812,  when  the  last  Yearly  Meeting  in 
northeastern  North  Carolina  was  held  at  Little  Eiver. 

It  is  now  possible  for  us  to  take  a  summary  revicAv  of  the  results 
obtained  thus  far.  The  promise  of  an  aggressive  and  rapid  growth 
nuide  in  the  youth  of  Quakerism  was  not  fulfilled  in  its  maturer 
years.  This  promise  was  particularly  clear  in  North  Carolina. 
During  the  seventeenth  century  the  records  show  that  the  Society 
in  that  colony  was  quietly  but  steadily  extending  its  outposts  and 
was  being  strengthened  by  immigration  and  conversions.  To  such 
an  extent  was  this  true,  that  in  1716  Eev.  Giles  Eainsford  writes  to 
the  S.  P.  G.  that  the  "poor  colony  of  North  Carolina  will  be  soon 
overrun  with  Quakerism  and  infidelity  if  not  timely  prevented  by 
your  sending  over  able  and  sober  missionaries  as  well  as  school- 
masters to  reside  among  them."  But  this  almost  phenomenal 
growth  of  the  native  element  ceased  soon  after  the  Established 
Church  became  well  organized.  Quakers  never  played  in  North 
Carolina  under  royal  government  the  part  they  had  played  under 
the  government  of  the  Proprietors.  They  Avere  still  less  important, 
relatively,  in  Virginia.  During  the  last  third  of  the  eighteenth 
century  they  obtained  their  fullest  growth  in  each  of  the  several 
States  under  consideration.  Soon  after  the  beginning  of  the  nine- 
teenth century  their  decline  becomes  visible.  The  period  of  high- 
est and  fullest  growth  has  itself  a  period  of  depression.  The  Eevo- 
lution,  like  the  Civil  War,  Avas  a  time  of  suffering  to  the  Quakers. 
Many  left  their  ranks  and  Avere  disoAA'ned  to  take  part  in  the  strug- 
gle for  liberty,  and  the  Society  Avas  much  depleted.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  convincements  were  much  more  numerous  than  they  had 
been  in  former  years.  Despite  all  the  care  Avhich  Friends  might 
use  to  keep  unAvorthy  and  timid  persons  out  of  the  Socity,  the  num- 
ber of  "war  Quakers"  was  considerable,  and  the  Society  did  not 
prosper  for  some  years  after  the  end  of  the  war. 


192  APPENDIX. 

CHAPTER  III. 

THE  REPLANTING  OF  SOUTHERN  QUAKERISM. 

In  the  preceding  chapter  an  account  of  the  decline  of  Southern 
Quakerism  was  given.  In  this  we  sliall  see  it  was  replanted  and  be- 
came quite  vigorous. 

In  the  half-century  included  1)etweeu  1732  and  the  close  of  the 
Eevolution  a  new  and  vigorous  element  was  injected  into  the  life  of 
Southern  Quakerism.  ]\Iost  of  these  new  settlers  were  from  Penn- 
sylvania, but  some  had  delayed  a  few  years  in  ]\Iaryland;  some 
were  from  'New  Jersey,  and  some  from  Nantucket.  Some  were  of 
English  antecedents,  but  many  were  Pennsylvania  Germans,  and 
some  were  Welsh.  The  influence  of  these  new  settlers  was  so  dis- 
tinct and  overwhelming  that  I  have  ventured  to  call  this  movement 
the  replanting  of  Southern  Quakerism,  for  had  this  movement  not 
taken  place,  Quakerism  A^ould  hardly  be  an  appreciable  factor  in 
these  States  to-day. 

These  immigrants  seem  to  have  had  but  one  motive  in  coming 
South.  This  motive  was  distinctly  economic.  Their  movement 
is  parallel  to  that  of  the  Scotch-Irish.  These  two  waves  passed 
over  the  same  ground  at  the  same  time,  but  the  two  did  not  inter- 
mingle, for  the  gentle  and  peace-loving  Friend,  who  decried  all 
war,  avoided  the  holding  of  office,  sought  not  his  own,  and  put  his 
abiding  faith  in  the  personal  presence  of  God,  free  grace  and  the 
powers  that  be,  had  little  in  common  with  the  restless,  aggressive, 
fighting,  ruling  Scotch-Irish,  or  with  the  democratic  but  stern 
tenets  of  Calvinism. 

About  1725  the  vanguard  of  the  Quaker  movement  appeared  at 
Monocacy,  Maryland.  Here,  like  a  true  wave  of  Teutonic  migra- 
tion, it  rested  for  a  time.  It  reached  Hopewell,  Ya.,  in  1732,  and 
the  next  twelve  or  fifteen  years  were  spent  in  subduing  northern 
Virginia.  In  1743  an  advance-guard  had  gotten  as  far  as  Car- 
ver's Creek,  in  Bladen  county,  N.  C.  The  next  twenty  years  are 
marked  by  the  swarms  of  Quakers  that  came  pouring  into  the 
central  sections  of  North  Carolina,  many  of  them  falling  by  the 
wayside,  however,  in  Campbell  and  Bedford  counties,  Va.,  where 
South  Piver  Monthly  Meeting  was  organized  in  1757.  From  about 
1760  to  the  Pevolution  the  horde  passed  through  North  Carolina, 
and  pressed  into  South  Carolina  and  Georgia. 


APPENDIX.  193 

Like  a  true  migration  again,  this  movement  did  not  take  the 
form  of  an  overflow,  but  of  successive  waves.  Many  parts  of  the 
line  of  marcli  were  comparatively  or  even  absolutely  free  from 
Quakers.  It  is  idle  for  us  to  speculate  on  the  reasons  why  they 
settled  in  the  particular  sections  they  did.  It  is  possibly  due  to 
that  "invincible  attraction"  which  Walter  Bagehot  points  out  as 
playing  such  an  important  part  in  the  formation  of  national  char- 
acter. Some  accidental  advantage,  perhaps  the  excellence  of  the 
soil,  located  the  first  immigrant,  and  the  gregarious  instinct  did 
the  rest. 

It  now  becomes  us  to  narrate  the  planting  of  these  meetings 
more  in  detail. 

The  beginning  of  this  new  movement  southward,  the  counterpart 
of  the  movement  of  the  next  century  w^estward,  is  to  be  found  in 
the  Hopewell  settlement  in  Frederick  County,  Va.  x\bout  1735, 
Friends  from  Salem,  IST.  J.,  and  Nottingham,  then  in  Pennsylvania, 
but  thrown  by  Mason  and  Dixon  into  Maryland,  settled  in  the 
upper  part  of  Prince  George  Count}^,  Md.,  near  the  Monocacy,  a 
tributary  of  the  Potomac.  They  were  erected  into  'a  meeting  by 
Xew  Garden  Monthly  Meeting,  Pa.  In  1732  Alexander  Ross  and 
a  company  crossed  the  Potomac,  and  thus  initiated  the  migration  of 
which  we  are  now  to  write.  In  that  year  they  obtained  a  charter 
for  100,000  acres  of  land  situated  on  Opequan  Creek,  a  tributary 
of  the  Potomac  in  what  is  now  Frederick  County,  Virginia.  A  set- 
tlement was  begun  here  by  Alexander  Eoss,  Josiah  Ballenger, 
James  Wright,  Evan  Thomas  and  other  Friends  from  Pennsyl- 
vania and  Elk  River,  Md.  A  meeting  called  Hopewell,  or 
Opeckon,  was  established  the  same  year,  and  one  called  Providence 
in  1733.  They  were  organized  in  1735  into  Hopewell  j\Ionthly 
Meeting,  under  the  auspices  and  care  of  Chester  Quarterly  Meeting 
in  Pennsylvania. 

In  1733  other  Friends  removed  from  Bucks  county,  Penn.,  and 
settled  in  Fairfax,  now  Loudoun  county,  about  ten  miles  south  of 
the  Potomac,  east  of  the  Hopewell  settlement,  and  near  where  the 
town  of  Waterford  now  is.  When  these  parties  settled  in  northern 
Virginia  there  were  no  Quakers  in  this  section,  and  few  inhabitants, 
i^he  meeting  for  worship  of  the  Fairfax  settlement  was  at  first  held 
1  the  house  of  Amos  Janney,  the  first  Quaker  settler  here.  The 
anneys  became  a  large  and  influential  family,  produced  among 


194  APPENDIX. 

others  the  liistorian,  Samuel  McPherson  Janney,  and  some  of  the 
name  still  reside  in  the  county.  The  meeting  was  called  Fairfax, 
and  dates  from  1733.  A  meeting-house  was  erected  in  1741  and 
called  by  the  same  name.  VIn  1744  Fairfax  Monthly  ]\Ieeting}was 
established.  This  also  became  a  branch  of  Chester  Quarterly  Meet-, 
ing  and  Philadelphia  Yearly  IMeeting.  "^d.'!?"?  ^  f^    /^rt^'-*A' 

These  meetings  soon  attracted  the  watchful  care  of  traveling '^ 
Friends.  John  Fothergill  visited  them  in  1736.  The  state  of  the 
Society  in  Virginia,  he  said,  was  "low  and  painful'' ;  those  advanced 
in  years  were,  in  general,  "very  insensible  of  true  feeling,  or  suit- 
able zeal  for  truth's  advancement  in  themselves,  their  families  or 
the  church."  John  Churchman  (1705-1775)  went  down  in  1741  to 
see  if  the  Friends  at  Fairfax  "were  in  number  and  weight  suf- 
ficient to  have  a  meeting  settled  amongst  them."  He  also  visited 
the  families  on  the  Shenandoah  and  says,  "T  believe  that  the  delight 
in  hunting,  and  a  roving  idle  life,  drew  most  of  them  under  our 
name  to  settle  there." 

The  meetings  in  I^oudoun,  Fairfax  and  Frederick  counties  were 
never  as  distinctively  Virginian  as  those  farther  south.  They 
looked  first  to  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting,  and  after  1789  to 
Baltimore  Yearly  Meeting.  Their  distance  and  the  inconvenience 
in  traveling  were  doubtless  important  factors  in  this  division. 
Then,  too,  the  origin  of  the  settlers  had  its  effect.  They  were 
an  offspring  of  the  Pennsylvania  meetings  and  looked  naturally 
to  them. 

These  meetings  in  turn  began  to  extend  their  Ijoundaries. 
Various  meetings  were  established  in  Frederick,  Loudoun,  Cul- 
peper  and  (he  adjoining  counties.  In  1756  a  meeting-house  was 
built  and  a  meeting  settled  at  Goose  Creek.  In  1760  Crooked 
Eun  meeting  was  settled.  A  monthly  meeting  was  established 
at  Crooked  Pun  in  1782,  and  one  at  Goose  Creek  in  1785;  at 
Southland  in  1789,  or  earlier;  and  at  x\lexandria  in  1803  Migra- 
tion from  Pennsylvania  to  northern  Virginia  continued  brisk 
until  the  Kevolution.  Day,  Barrett,  Beesoh, '  Piggott,  Sidwell, 
Kirk,  White,  Brown,  Wilson,  Poss,  Johnson,  Bailey,  Carter,  Bal- 
lenger,  Piigh,  Pees,  Branson,  Wel)b.  and  Wright,  were  the  names 
of  some  of  the  families  that  came  south  from  Pennsylvania 
and  settled  in  this  section.  There  were  in  this  immediate  section 
one  quarterly  and  five  monthly  meetings,   with  twenty  or  more 


APPENDIX.  195 

meetings  for  worsliip.  There  was  much  interchange  between 
these  meetings;  as  the  settlers  increased  in  nnmbers  they  took  their 
certificates  from  the  older  meetings  like  Hopewell  and  Fairfax 
to  the  newer  ones  like  Goose  Creek.  The  meetings  in  this  locality 
are  now  reduced  to  about  eight.  In  the  schism  in  1838  a  majority 
accepted  the  views  of  Hicks.  The  census  of  1890  gives  96  as  the 
number  of  Orthodox  and  506  as  the  number  of  Hickside  Friends  in 
Fairfax,  Frederick  and  Loudoun  counties.  Friends  have  entirely 
disappeared  from  the  adjoining  counties  of  Culpeper,  Stafford  and 
Orange,  Va.,  as  well  as  from  Hampshire,  Berkeley  and  Jefferson 
counties,  W.  Va.,  in  all  of  which  they  had  members  during  the  last 
centur}^ 

We  may  safely  conclude  that  the  meetings  in  Campbell  and  Bed- 
ford, Pittsylvania  and  Halifax  counties,  Va.,  were  built  up  almost 
entirely  by  this  southward  movement.  There  were  two  monthly 
meetings  in  this  section.  South  River  and  Goose  Creek.  The  former 
dates  from  1757;  the  latter,  which  is  not  the  same  as  the  Goose 
Creek  Monthly  Meeting  in  the  Hopewell  Quarter,  from  1794. 
These  monthly  meetings  applied  for  a  quarterly  meeting.  It  was 
granted  in  1797,  and  was  known  as  Western  Quarterly  Meeting; 
but  the  number  of  Friends  in  the  section  decreased  so  much  that 
Goose  Creek  Monthly  Meeting  was  laid  down  in  1814  and  the  West- 
ern Quarterly  meeting  in  1817.  South  River  Monthly  Meeting 
survived  the  Virginia  Yearly  Meeting,  and  was  laid  down  in  1858. 
These  meetings  lay  in  the  direct  path  of  southern  immigration. 
I  conclude  that  they  received  most  of  their  increase  from  persons 
who  got  stranded,  as  it  were,  on  the  way  South.  But  they  were 
also  a  mixture  of  the  native  and  foreign  elements.  The  Clarks  of 
Louisa  and  Albemarle  counties,  and  the  Terrells  of  Caroline,  seem 
to  have  been  in  the  Society  before  1730,  and  had  been  turned  toward 
Quakerism  by  the  preaching  of  Joseph  jSTewijy  of  North  Carolina. 
The  Lynch  family,  from  whom  the  city  of  Lynchburg  is  iiamed, 
and  who  have  also  given  us  the  term  "lynch  law,"  became  members 
about  1752.  It  was  the  widow  of  Charles  Lynch,  died  about  1753, 
Irishman  and  founder  of  the  family,  who  organized  the  meetings 
in  this  locality.  The  Lynches,  Davises,  Johnsons,  Cadwalladers, 
Douglasses,  Anthonys,  Holloways,  Strattons,  Fishers,  Stantons, 
Moormans,  Burgesses,  Butlers,  Pidgeons,  Perdues,  were  some  of  the 
prominent  Qaker  families  in  Campbell  and  the  adjoining  counties. 


196  APPENDIX. 

At  a  later  period  the  migration  from  northern  Virginia  became 
more  frequent.  Between  1775  and  1800  we  find  thirty  parties, 
some  with  families,  taking  certificates  from  Fairfax  and  the  north- 
em  Goose  Creek  Monthly  Meetings  to  South  Eiver  Monthly  ]\Ieet- 


CHAPTER  TV. 

CAUSES  OF  THE  DECLINE  OF  SOUTHERN  QUAKERISM. 

It  is  not  our  purpose  in  giving  an  account  of  Ye  Quakers  of  Ye 
Olden  Times  to  make  one  feature  of  the  book  more  prominent  than 
the  rest.  But  inasmuch  as  the  present  generation  knows  but  little 
about  them,  it  is  our  aim  to  give  a  brief  history  of  their  origin, 
movements,  doctrines  and  social  life. 

Having  already  given  an  outline  of  their  advent  into  this  State 
and  others,  it  now  remains  to  notice  the  causes  of  their  decline. 
These  are  five-fold : 

I.  The  removal  of  Friends  to  the  West.  This  removal  was  it- 
self the  result  of  at  least  three  causes.  The  Quakers  were  Teu- 
tons. The  old  love  of  adventure  was  strong  in  their  breasts  as  it 
was  in  the  breasts  of  those  who  did  not  accept  their  religious 
view\'<.  The  influence  of  this  spirit  in  extending  the  area  of  their 
settlements  is  acknowledged  by  John  Churchman,  John  Griffith 
and  other  traveling  ministers.  It  w\is  the  same  spirit  that  had  led 
to  the  discovery  and  settlement  of  America.  It  was  an  historic 
force.  These  Quakers,  all  unconsciously,  were  carrying  out  the 
spirit  of  their  race.  It  was  the  same  as  the  spirit  which  took  the 
Angles  and  Saxons  to  Britain;  which  drove  the  Franks  and  later 
the  ISTormans  into  Gaul ;  led  the  Ostrogoths  into  Italy,  the  Visi- 
goths into  Spain,  and  the  Vandals  to  Africa.  This  was  the  first 
heart -beat,  as  von  Eanke  calls  it.  The  second  heart-beat  leads  the 
descendants  of  these  same  Teutons  to  the  Holy  Land  on  the 
Crusades;  when  their  day  was  over  the  struggle  was  kept  up  in 
Spain  against  the  Moors ;  and  the  discovery  of  America  was  one  of 
the  results  of  the  fall  of  Grenada.  (2)  Along  w4th  this  historic 
spirit  went  the  economic  spirit — a  search  for  more  land  and  better 
land  than  was  then  available  in  the  older  States,  for  the  best  lands 
had  been  exhausted  by  continuous  crops,  and  fertilizers  were  not 


APPENDIX.  197 

extensively  used.  To  show  that  these  two  reasons  would  have 
led  many  to  emigrate  it  is  only  necessary  for  us  to  study  the  de- 
veloiDment  of  Old  England,  or  New  England,  or  the  Middle  Colo- 
nies, or  the  Germany  of  to-day.  (3)  It  may  be  an  open  question 
as  to  how  many  of  these  particular  emigrants  would  have  gone 
"West  had  there  been  no  slavery  in  the  South.  But  that  slavery 
did  have  an  overwhelming  influence  in  the  case  under  discussion 
no  one  can  deny. 

II.  Dissensions  within  the  Society.  As  we  have  seen,  the  Hicks- 
ite  schism  divided  and  therefore  weakened  the  Society  in  North- 
ern Virginia. 

III.  Disownments  for  slight  offenses,  like  marrying  out  of 
Society,  and  persistent  efforts  to  force  all  men  into  the  same  nar- 
row mould,  which  is  so  visible  in  the  earlier  records  of  the  Society, 
nave  both  cost  it  dear. 

lY.  Two  elements  have  prevented  the  growth  of  the  Society. 
On  the  one  hand,  its  extreme  spirituality  has  been  a  load  on  the 
Society.  No  body  of  Christians  has  come  so  near  fulfilling,  per- 
haps, the  injunction  to  worship  in  spirit  and  in  truth  as  have 
Eriends.  This  deep  spirituality  is  too  high  for  most  men.  Their 
deficiencies  must  be  supplied  by  forms  and  ceremonies.  On  the 
other  hand,  Quakers  were  the  radicals  of  the  Eeformation.  They 
abominated  above  all  things  the  forms,  ceremonies  and  rituals  of 
the  Eoman  Church;  they  were  equally  as  uncompromising  with 
those  of  the  English  Church.  But  in  their  very  effort  to  escape 
fi-om  the  Scylla  of  ritualism  they  fell  into  the  Charybdis  of  stiff- 
ness and  inflexibility.  They  developed  forms  and  ceremonies  of 
their  own  which  were  no  less  ritualistic  than  those  of  the  Eoman 
Church,  and  which  were  adhered  to  with  such  tenacity  that  the 
expression  "rigid  as  a  Quaker"  became  a  by-word  in  the  English- 
s]ieaking  Avorld.  To  have  no  forms,  no  rites,  no  symbols,  no 
liturgies  is  the  root  of  Quaker  forms.  Their  entire  history  is  full 
of  the  adoption  of  external  signs  as  the  witness  of  the  ministry  of 
the  spirit.  Wearing  sackcloth  on  the  body  and  ashes  on  the  head> 
as  was  sometimes  done  in  early  times,  and  a  difference  in  dress, 
tell  the  very  same  story  as  the  alb  and  cassock  of  the  priest.  The 
use  of  the  thee  and  thou,  the  broad-brim  hat,  the  curved  coat,  the 
sing-song  tone  of  address,  the  wearing  of  hats  in  court,  disownment 
of  those  who  marry  outside  of  Society,  all  point  to  the  same  effort 


198  APPENDIX. 

to  indicate  a  corning  out  from  the  world.  These  things  so  utterly 
insignificant  hy  the  side  of  the  deep  spirituality  for  which  the 
Society  has  always  stood,  have  been  abandoned  to  a  large  extent. 
Quakers  are  not  now  generally  known  by  their  speech  or  their 
dress:  but  this  was  not  the  case  until  recent  years,  and  the  outsider, 
when  first  coming  in  contact  with  them,  experienced,  in  many 
cases,  a  vague  feeling  of  dread,  and  this  feeling  has  repelled  many 
who  might  have  been  attracted  by  their  spirituality  and  by  their 
strong  insistence  on  moral  character. 

Y.  Aggressiveness  of  other  denominations.  The  most  careless 
perusal  of  the  journals  of  the  traveling  Friends  from  the  time  of 
the  Eevolution  will  convince  the  reader  that  Friends  were  being 
absorbed,  as  it  were,  slowly  and  imperceptibly,  into  the  greater 
body  of  their  more  aggressive  and  vigorous  rivals,  the  ]\Iethodists 
and  Baptists.  The  journalists  note  frequently  that  their  congre- 
gations are  made  up  principally  of  outsiders;  when  denominations 
are  given  they  are  almost  always  Methodists  and  Baptists.  These 
attended  their  meetings,  entertained  their  preachers  and  absorbed 
their  members.  The  completeness  of  this  can  be  seen  clearly  in  the 
journal  of  Samuel  M.  Janney,  who  notes  the  fact  that  there  had 
been  Friends  in  Culpeper,  Orange  and  Albemarle  counties,  Vir- 
ginia, in  the  closing  years  of  the  eighteenth  century;  but  in  18-il- 
42  they  had  disappeared.     The  Methodists  had  taken  their  place. 

It  is  true  to  say  that  Quakerism  was  absorbed  in  Virginia  and 
North  Carolina  to  a  great  extent  by  the  Methodists.  But  it  would 
be  far  from  the  truth  to  think  that  Quakerism  thus  disappeared 
leaving  no  trace  behind.  The  influence  which  it  has  exerted  on 
Southern  Methodism  has  been  very  profound.  It  is  probably  ac- 
curate to  call  the  Methodist  Church  the  heir  of  the  Quakers.  In- 
deed it  is  entirely  within  the  bounds  of  historical  accuracy  to  say 
that  the  foundations  of  j\Iethodism  in  Virginia  and  North  Carolina 
were  laid  by  Edmundson  and  Fox  rather  than  by  Whitefield  and 
Kobert  Williams.  The  beginnings  of  Methodism  are  much  nearer 
1672  than  1772.  Methodism  was  a  return  toward  the  forms  of 
primitive  Quakerism.  With  them,  as  with  the  Methodists  a  cen- 
tury later,  religion  took  the  form  of  excessive  emotion.  The  con- 
victed sinner  shook  from  head  to  foot;  there  were  many  groans 
and  sighs  and  tears ;  then  a  sudden  change,  with  a  "sweet  sound  of 
thanksgiving  and  praise."     In  other  words,  the  Quakerism  of  the 


APPENDIX.  ,  1U9 

Eevohitionary  period  was  beginning  to  lose  that  aggressive  and 
exuberant  vitality  that  characterized  it  at  the  time  of  the  death  of 
Fox.  It  was  sinking  into  that  quietism  which  had  characterized 
English  Friends  since  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century. 
The  continued  enthusiasm  of  American  Friends  explains  why  the 
system  retained  its  aggressive  vitality  and  grew  in  numbers  for 
almost  a  century  after  English  (Quakers  had  reached  their  maxi- 
mum in  numbers.  When  this  spirit  disappeared  American  Quak- 
erism began  to  lose  numbers  relatively.  The  early  Methodists  were 
simply  leading  their  Quaker  hearers  back  to  the  good  old  days  of 
the  past. 

The  relations  between  Southern  Quakers  and  Southern  ]\Ietho- 
dists  have  usually  been  very  cordial.  Quakers  seldom  abandon  out- 
right the  scenes  of  former  habitations.  The}^  have  returned  to 
them  in  after  years,  have  found  few  of  their  own  members  still 
alive,  but  have  received  a  warm  welcome  at  the  hands  of  Metho- 
dists and  others.  Thus,  although  their  last  meeting  in  Pasquotank 
county,  N.  C,  was  laid  down  in  1854,  they  continued  to  visit  and 
to  preach  among  the  j\Iethodists  there  for  nearly  a  generation.  In 
the  same  way  Friends  left  Carteret  county,  E".  C,  for  the  West, 
1830-40,  and  regular  services  were  suspended  then,  but  Friends 
visited  the  section  until  their  own  meeting-house  had  perished  from 
decay.  They  then  held  meetings  in  private  houses  or  in  the  Meth- 
odist church,  which  was  always  open  to  them.  A  touching  story  is 
told  of  the  three  or  four  Quaker  families  who  still  lived  in  the 
section.  One  took  up  his  residence  in  the  meeting-house  until  he 
could  erect  a  dwelling,  and  as  long  as  the  meeting-house  stood  this 
man  and  the  two  or  three  other  families  met  regularly  on  Wednes- 
days and  Sundays  for  silent  worship. 


~       CHAPTEE  y. 

THE  CREED  OF  THE  QUAKERS. 

While  the  religious  belief  of  these  quaint  but  Godly  people  has  a 
"Thus  saith  the  Lord"  to  buttress  it,  yet  there  are  some  articles  of 
their  faith  which  are  so  much  at  variance  with  the  practices,  if  not 
the  principles,  of  latter  day  Christians,  that  it  will  be  of  interest 
to  notice  them.     Hence,  we  do  so. 


200  APPENDIX. 

We  make  the  following  extracts  from  the  Souihern  Friend,  Eich- 
mond.  Ya..  edited  by  John  B.  Crenshaw: 

GllEAT   TENETS  OF  THE   QLTAKEriS. 

The  Quakers  hold  four  principles,  which  I  shall  distinguish  by 
the  name  of  Great  Tenets.  These  are  considered  as  arising  out  of 
the  implied  or  positive  injunctions  of  Christianity,  and  were  insisted 
upon  as  essentials  on  the  formation  of  the  society.  The  first  of 
these  is  on  the  subject  of  Civil  Government. 

Civil  Government  had  existed  long  before  the  appearance  of 
Christianity  in  the  world.  Legislators  since  that  era,  as  they  have 
imbibed  its  spirit,  so  they  have  introduced  this  spirit  more  or  less 
into  their  respective  codes.  But  no  nation  has  ever  professed  to 
change  its  system  of  jurisprudence,  or  to  model  it  anew,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  new  light  which  Christianity  has  afforded;  neither 
have  the  alterations  been  so  numerous  in  any  nation,  however  high 
its  profession  of  Christianity  with  respect  to  laws,  as  to  enable  us 
to  say  that  there  is  any  government  in  the  known  world,  of  chris- 
tian origin,  or  any  government  wholly  upon  the  principles  of  the 
gospel. 

If  all  men  were  to  become  real  christians,  civil  government  would 
l)ecome  less  necessary.  As  there  would  be  then  no  offences,  there 
would  be  no  need  of  magistracy  or  of  punishment.  As  men  would 
then  settle  any  differences  between  them  amicably,  there  Avould  be 
no  necessity  for  courts  of  law.  As  they  would  then  never  fight, 
there  would  be  no  need  of  armies.  As  they  would  then  consider 
their  fellow  creatures  as  brethren,  they  would  relieve  tliem  as  such, 
and  there  would  be  no  occasion  of  laws  for  the  poor.  As  men  would 
then  have  more  solicitude  for  the  public  good,  and  more  large  and 
liberal  notions  than  at  any  former  time,  they  would  of  themselves 
conceive  and  raise  all  necessary  public  institutions  and  works. 
Government  then  is  not  so  necessary  for  real  christians.  It  is 
necessary  principally,  as  the  apostle  says,  for  evil  doers.  But  if 
it  be  chiefly  necessary  for  evil  doers,  then  governors  ought  to  be 
careful  how  they  make  laws,  which  may  vex,  harrass,  and  embarrass 
christians,  whom  they  will  always  find  to  be  the  best  part  of  their 
communities,  or,  in  other  words,  how  they  make  laws,  which  chris- 
tians, on  account  of  their  religious  scruples,  cannot  conscientiously 
obev. 


APPKNDIX.  201 

It  is  a  tenet  of  the  Quaker,  on  the  subject  of  government,  that 
the  civil  magistrate  has  no  right  to  interfere  in  religious  matters, 
so  as  either  to  force  any  particular  doctrines  upon  men,  or  to  hinder 
them  from  worshiping  God  in  their  own  way,  provided  that,  by  their 
creeds  and  worship,  they  do  no  detriment  to  others.  The  Quakers 
believe,  however,  that  christian  churches  may  admonish  such  mem- 
bers as  fall  into  error,  and  may  even  cut  them  off  from  membership, 
but  this  must  be  done  not  by  the  temporal,  but  by  the  spiritual 
sword. 

This  tenet  the  Quakers  support,  first,  by  reason.  Eeligion,  they 
say,  is  a  matter  solely  between  God  and  man,  tliat  is,  between  God 
and  that  man  who  worships  him.  This  must  be  obvious,  they  con- 
ceive, because  man  is  not  accountable  to  man  for  his  religious 
opinions,  except  he  binds  himself  to  the  discipline  of  any  religious 
society  but  to  God  alone.  It  must  be  obvious  again,  they  say,  be- 
cause no  man  can  be  a  judge  over  the  conscience  of  another.  He 
can  know  nothing  of  the  sincerity  or  hypocrisy  of  his  heart.  He 
can  be  neither  an  infallible  judge,  nor  an  infallible  corrector  of  his 
religious  errors.  "The  conscience  of  man,"  says  Barclay,  "is  the 
seat  and  throne  of  God  in  him,  of  whicli  he  alone  is  the  proper  and 
infallible  judge,  who,  by  his  power  and  spirit,  can  rectify  its  mis- 
takes." It  must  be  obvious  again,  they  say,  from  the  consideration 
that,  if  it  were  even  possible  for  one  man  to  discern  the  conscience 
of  another,  it  is  impossible  for  him  to  bend  or  control  it.  But  con- 
science is  placed  both  out  of  his  sight  and  of  his  reach.  It  is  neither 
visible  nor  tangible.  It  is  inaccessible  by  stripes  or  torments. 
Thus,  while  the  body  is  in  bondage,  on  account  of  the  religion  of  the 
soul,  the  soul  itself  is  free,  and,  while  it  suffers  under  torture,  it 
enjoys  the  divinity,  and  feels  felicity  in  his  presence.  But  if  all 
these  things  are  so,  it  cannot  be  within  the  province  either  of  in- 
dividual magistrates  or  of  governments,  consisting  of  fallible  men, 
to  fetter  the  consciences  of  those  who  may  live  under  them.  And 
any  attempt  to  this  end  is  considered  by  the  Quakers  as  a  direct 
usurpation  of  the  jDrerogative  of  God. 

This  tenet  the  Quakers  adopt  again  on  a  contemplation  of  the 
conduct  and  doctrines  of  Jesus  Christ  and  of  his  apostles.  They 
find  nothing  in  these  Avhich  can  give  the  least  handle  to  any  man 
to  use  force  in  the  religious  concerns  of  another.  During  the  life 
of  Jesus  Christ  upon  earth,  it  is  no  where  recorded  of  him  that  he 


202  APPENDIX. 

censured  any  nuin  for  his  religion.  It  is  true  that  lie  re})rove(l  the 
Scribes  and  Pharisees,  but  this  was  on  account  of  their  hypocrisy, 
because  they  pretended  to  be  what  they  were  not.  But  he  no  where 
condemned  the  devout  Jew,  who  was  sincere  in  his  faith.  But  if 
he  be  found  no  where  to  have  censured  another  for  a  difference  in 
religious  opinions,  much  less  was  it  ever  said  of  him  that  he  forced 
him  to  the  adoption  of  his  own.  In  the  memorable  instance,  where 
James  and  John  were  willing  to  have  called  lire  from  Heaven,  to 
burn  those  who  refused  to  receive  him.  he  rebuked  them  liy  an  assur- 
ance that  "they  knew  not  what  spirit  they  were  of.'"  And,  with 
respect  to  his  doctrines,  nothing  can  be  more  full  to  the  point  than 
his  saying,  that  "his  kingdom  was  not  of  this  world,''  by  which  he 
meant  that  his  dominion  was  v/holly  of  a  spiritual  nature,  and  that 
men  must  cast  off  all  worldly  imaginations,  and  become  spiritually 
minded,  before  they  could  belong  to  him.  But  no  application  of 
outward  force,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Quakers,  can  thus  alter  the 
internal  man.  Xor  can  even  the  creeds  and  doctrines  of  others 
produce  this  elfect,  except  they  become  sanctioned  by  the  divine 
influence  on  the  heart. 

N'either  is  it  recorded  of  any  of  the  apostles,  that  they  used  any 
other  weapons  than  those  of  persuasion  and  the  power  of  God  in  the 
projjagation  of  their  doctrines,  leaving  such  as  did  not  choose  to 
follow  them  to  their  own  way.  They  were  explicit  also  in  stating 
the  spiritual  nature  of  Christ's  kingdom,  from  whence  an  inference 
similar  to  the  former  is  deducible.  namely,  that  no  compulsory 
interference  can  be  effectual  in  matters  of  religion.  And  St.  Paul 
in  particular,  tells  the  Corinthians,  that,  in  his  spiritual  services 
to  them,  he  does  not  consider  himself  "as  having  any  dominion  over 
their  faith,  but  as  helpers  of  their  joy. 

But  if  neither  Jesus  Christ,  who  was  the  author  of  that  religion 
which  many  civil  governments  have  established,  nor  the  apostles, 
who  afterwards  propagated  it,  forced  their  doctrines  upon  other 
men,  or  hindered  them  by  force  from  worshijiping  in  their  own  way, 
even  though  the  former  could  have  called  legions  of  angels  to  his 
support,  it  certainly  does  not  become  weak,  ignorant,  and  infallible 
men,  because  they  are  placed  in  the  situation  of  governors,  to  set 
up  their  own  creeds  as  supreme,  and  to  throw  penalties  and  restric- 
tions in  the  way  of  the  religious  exercise  of  others. 

But  if  governors,  contrary  to  the  example  of  Jesus  Christ  and  of 


APPENDIX. 


2(i3 


his  apostles,  should  interfere  in  religious  matters,  and  impose  laws 
upon  the  governed,  of  which,  as  christians,  they  cannot  but  dis- 
approve, then  the  Quakers  are  of  opinion  that  the  governed  ought 
always  to  obey  the  laws  of  Jesus  Christ,  rather  than  the  laws  of  any 
governors,  who  are  only  men.  Thus  when  Peter  and  John  were 
commanded  by  the  rulers  of  the  Jews  to  speak  no  more  in  the  name 
of  Jesus,  they  dared  not  yield  obedience  to  their  commands,  reason- 
ing thus,  "Whether  it  be  right  in  the  sight  of  God  to  hearken  unto 
you  more  than  unto  God,  judge  ye." 

And  as  the  governed  in  such  case  ought,  in  obedience  to  God,  the 
Supreme  Euler  of  the  Universe,  and  the  King  of  Kings,  to  refuse 
a  compliance  with  the  laws  of  their  own  governors,  so  they  ought 
to  be  prepared  patiently  to  submit  to  the  penalties  which  are 
annexed  to  such  refusal,  and  on  no  account,  if  just  representations 
made  in  the  meek  and  quite  spirit  of  their  religion,  are  not  likely  to 
be  effectual,  to  take  up  arms  or  resist  them  by  force.  And  this 
doctrine  they  ground,  first,  on  the  principle  that  it  is  not  only  more 
noble,  but  more  consistent  with  their  duties  as  christians,  to  suffer, 
than  to  give  growth  to  the  passions  of  revenge,  or  by  open  resistance 
to  become  the  occasion  of  loss  of  life  to  others.  And,  secondly,  on 
the  example  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  of  the  apostles  and  primitive 
christians,  all  of  whom  patiently  submitted  to  the  pains  and  penal- 
ties inflicted  upon  them  by  the  governments  of  their  respective 
times  for  the  exercise  of  their  religion. 

A  second  tenet,  which  the  Quakers  hold,  is,  that  it  is  unlawful  for 
christians  to  take  a  civil  oath. 

Many  and  grievous  were  the  sufferings  of  he  Quakers,  in  the 
early  part  of  their  history,  on  account  of  their  refusing  to  swear 
before  the  civil  magistrate.  They  were  insulted,  fined,  and  im- 
prisoned. Some  of  the  judges  too  indulged  a  rancour  against  them 
on  this  account,  unworthy  of  their  high  olhce,  which  prescribed 
justice  impartially  to  all.  For  when  they  could  not  convict  them  of 
the  offences  laid  to  their  charge,  they  administered  to  them  the  oath 
of  allegiance,  knowing  that  they  would  not  take  it,  and  that  con- 
fiscation of  property  and  imprisonment  would  ensue.  But  neither 
ill  usage,  nor  imprisonment,  nor  loss  of  property,  ever  made  any 
impression  upon  the  Quakers,  so  as  to  induce  them  to  swear  in 
judicial  cases^  and  they  continued  to  suffer  till  the  legislature,  tired 
out  with  the  cries  of  their  oppression,  decreed,  that  their  affirmation 


204:  APPENDIX. 

sliould  in  all  cases  except  criminal,  or  in  that  of  serving  upon  juries, 
or  in  that  of  qualifications  for  posts  of  honor  or  emolument  Tinder 
government,  he  received  as  equivalent  to  their  oath.  And  this 
indulgence  towards  them  is  continued  to  them  h}^  law  to  the  pres- 
ent day. 

The  Quakers  have  an  objection  to  oaths,  as  solemn  appeals  to 
God,  because  they  are  unnecessary. 

It  is  an  old  saying  among  the  Quaker  writers,  that  "truth  was 
before  all  oaths."  By  this  they  mean,  there  was  a  time  when  men's 
words  were  received  as  truths,  without  the  intervention  of  an  oath. 
Ancient  fable,  indeed,  tells  us  that  there  were  no  oaths  in  the 
golden  age,  but  that,  when  men  departed  from  their  primitive  sim- 
plicity, and  began  to  quarrel  with  one  another,  they  had  recourse 
to  falsehood  to  substantiate  their  own  case,  after  which  it  became 
necessary  that  some  exjDedient  should  be  devised,  in  the  case  of 
disputes,  for  the  ascertaining  the  truth.  Hence  Hesiod  makes  the 
god  of  oaths  the  son  of  Eris  or  of  contention.  This  account  differs 
but  little  from  that  of  Polybius,  who  says,  that  the  use  of  oaths  in 
judgment  was  rare  among  the  ancients,  but  that,  as  perfidy  grew, 
oaths  increased. 

And  as  it  is  a  saying  of  the  Quakers  that  truth  "was  before  all 
oaths,"  so  they  believe  that  truth  would  be  spoken  if  oaths  were  done 
away  with.  Thus,  that  which  is  called  honor  l)y  the  Avorld  will  bind 
men  to  the  truth,  who  perhaps  know  but  little  of  religion.  But  if 
so,  then  he,  who  makes  Christianity  his  guide,  wdll  not  be  found 
knowingly  in  a  falsehood,  though  he  l)e  deprived  of  the  opportunity 
of  swearing. 

But  if  it  be  true,  that  truth  existed  before  the  invention  of 
oaths,  and  that  truth  would  still  be  spoken,  even  if  all  oaths  were 
abolished,  then  the  Quakers  say,  that  oaths  are  not  so  necessary  as 
some  have  imagined,  because  they  have  but  a  secondary  effect  in  the 
production  of  the  truth.  This  conclusion  they  consider  also  as  the 
result  of  reason.  For  good  men  will  speak  truth  without  an  oath, 
and  bad  men  will  hardly  be  influenced  by  one.  And  where  oaths 
are  regarded,  it  is  proljable  that  truth  is  forced  out  of  men,  not  so 
much  because  they  consider  them  as  solemn  appeals  to  God,  as  that 
they  consider  the  penalties,  which  will  follow  their  violation  ;  so  that 
a  simple  affirmation,  under  the  same  pains  and  penalties,  would 
he  equally  productive  of  the  truth. 


APPENDIX.  205 

The  Quakers  consider  oaths  again  as  very  injurious  to  moralit}'. 
For,  first,  they  conceive  it  to  be  great  presumption  in  men  to  sum- 
mon God  as  a  witness  in  their  trifling  and  earthly  concerns. 

They  believe,  secondly,  that  if  men  accustom  themselves  to  call 
upon  God  on  civil  occasions,  they  render  his  name  so  familiar  to 
them  that  they  are  likely  to  lose  the  reverence  due  to  it,  or  so  to 
blend  religious  with  secular  considerations,  that  they  become  in 
danger  of  losing  sight  of  the  dignity,  solemnity  and  awfulness  of 
devotion.  And  it  is  not  an  unusual  remark,  that  persons  most 
accustomed  to  oaths,  are  the  most  likely  to  perjury.  A  custom 
house  oath  has  become  proverbial  in  our  own  country.  I  do  not 
mean  by  this  to  accuse  mercantile  men  in  particular,  but  to  state 
it  as  a  received  opinion,  that,  where  men  make  solemn  things 
familiar,  there  is  danger  of  their  moral  degradation.  Hence  the 
Quakers  consider  the  common  administration  of  oaths  to  have  a 
tendency  that  is  injurious  to  the  moral  interests  of  men. 

This  notion  relative  to  the  bad  tendency  of  oaths,  the  Quakers 
state  to  have  prevailed  even  in  the  Gentile  world.  As  heathen 
philosophy  became  pure,  it  branded  the  system  of  swearing  as  per- 
nicious to  morals.  It  was  the  practice  of  the  Persians  to  give  each 
other  their  right  hand  as  a  token  of  their  speaking  the  truth.  He 
who  gave  his  hand  deceitfully,  was  accounted  more  detestable  than 
if  he  had  sworn.  The  Scythians,  in  their  conference  with  x\lex- 
ander  the  Great,  addressed  him  thus :  '"'Think  not  tliat  the  Scythians 
confirm  their  friendship  by  an  oath.  They  swear  by  keeping  their 
word.''  The  Phrygians  were  wholly  against  oaths.  They  neither 
took  them  themselves,  nor  required  them  of  others.  Among  tlie 
proverbs  of  the  Arabs  this  was  a  celebrated  one,  "ISTever  swear,  but 
let  thy  word  be  yes  or  no."  So  religious  was  Hercules,  says  Plu- 
tarch, that  he  never  swore  but  once.  Clinias,  a  Greek  philosopher 
and  a  scholar  of  Pythagoras,  is  said  to  have  dreaded  an  oath  so 
much,  that,  when  by  swearing  he  could  have  escaped  a  fine  of  three 
talents,  he  chose  rather  to  pay  the  money  than  do  it,  though  he  was 
to  have  sworn  nothing  but  the  truth.  Indeed,  throughout  all 
Greece  the  system  of  swearing  was  considered  as  of  the  most  im- 
moral tendency,  the  very  word,  which  signified  "perjured,"  in  the 
Greek  language  meaning,  when  analysed,  ''he  that  adds  oath  to 
oath,"  or  "the  taker  of  many  oaths." 


200  Al'l'KNDIX. 

But,  al)ovc  all,  the  Quakers  consider  oaths  as  unlawful  for  chris- 
tians, having-  been  positively  forbidden  by  Jesus  Christ. 

The  words,  in  which  they  conceived  this  prohibition  to  have  l)cen 
contained,  they  take  from  the  sermon  on  the  Mount. 

"Again,  ye  have  heard,  that  it  hath  been  said  by  them  of  old 
time.  Thou  shalt  not  forswear  thyself,  but  shalt  perform  unto  the 
Lord  thine  oaths." 

"But  I  say  unto  you.  swear  not  at  all.  neither  by  heaven,  because 
it  is  God's  throne."" 

"Xor  by  the  earth,  for  it  is  his  footstool:  neither  by  Jerusalem, 
for  it  is  the  city  of  the  great  King." 

"^'either  shalt  thou  swear  liy  thy  head,  because  thou  canst  not 
make  one  hair  white  or  black."" 

"But  let  your  communication  be  yea,  yea;  nay.  nay:  for  what- 
soever is  more  than  this  cometh  of  evil." 

The  next  of  the  great  tenets  wdiich  the  Quakers  hold,  is  on  the 
subject  of  war.  They  believe  it  unlawful  for  christians  to  engage 
in  the  profession  of  arms  or  indeed  to  bear  arms  under  any  circum- 
stances of  hostility  whatever.  Hence  there  is  no  such  character  as 
that  of  a  Quaker  soldier.  A  Quaker  is  always  able  to  avoid  the 
regular  army,  because  the  circumstances  of  entering  into  it  is  a  mat- 
ter of  choice.  But  where  he  has  no  such  choice,  as  is  the  case  in 
the  militia,  he  either  submits,  if  he  has  property,  to  distraints  upon 
it,  or,  if  he  has  not,  to  prison. 

The  Quakers  ground  the  illicitncss  of  war  on  several  ])assages, 
which  are  to  be  found  in  the  N"ew  Testament.  I  shall  not  quote 
all  the  texts  they  bring  forward,  but  shall  make  a  selection  of  them 
on  this  occasion. 

Jesus  Christ,  in  the  famous  sermon  which  he  preached  \\]wn  the 
mount,  took  occasion  to  mention  specifically  some  of  the  ])recepts  of 
the  Jewish  law,  and  to  inform  his  hearers  that  he  expected  of  those, 
who  were  to  be  his  true  disci])les,  that  they  would  carry  these  to  a 
much  higher  extent  in  their  practice  under  the  new  dis])ensation, 
which  he  was  then  affording  them.  Christianity  required  a  greater 
perfection  of  the  human  character  than  under  the  law.  ^\en  were 
not  only  not  to  kill,  but  not  even  to  cherish  the  passion  of  revenge. 
And  "whereas  it  was  said  of  old,  an  eye  for  an  eye,  and  a  tooth  for 
a  tooth,  T  say  unto  you,  says  Christ,  that  ye  resist  not  evil :  but  who- 
soever shall  smite  thee  on  thv  right  cheek,  turn  to  him  the  other 


APPENDIX. 


2or 


also.  And  farther  on  in  the  same  chapter,  he  says,  "Ye  have  heard 
that  it  hath  heen  said.  Thon  shalt  love  thy  neighbor,  and  hate  thine 
enemy:  But  I  say  nnto  you,  love  your  enemies,  bless  them  that 
curse  you,  do  good  to  them  that  hate  you,  and  pray  for  them  that 
despitefully  use  you  and  persecute  you.  For  if  ye  love  them  which 
love  you,  what  reward  have  you?  do  not  even  the  Publicans  the 
same?  Be  ye  therefore  perfect,  even  as  your  Father  which  is  in 
heaven  is  perfect."  Now  the  Quakers  are  of  opinion  that  no  man 
can  receive  this  doctrine  in  his  heart  and  assist  either  offensively 
or  defensively  in  the  operations  of  war. 

Other  passages,  quoted  by  the  Quakers  in  favor  of  their  tenet  on 
war,  are  taken  from  the  apostles  Paul  and  James  conjointly. 

The  former,  in  his  second  epistle  to  the  Corinthians,  says,  "For 
though  we  walk  in  the  flesh,  we  do  not  war  after  the  flesh :  For  the 
weapons  of  our  warfare  are  not  carnal,  but  mighty  through  God 
to  the  pulling  down  of  strong  holds,  to  the  casting  down  imagina- 
tions, and  every  high  thing  that  exalteth  itself  against  the  know- 
ledge of  God,  and  liringing  into  captivity  every  thought  to  the 
obedience  of  Christ."  From  hence  the  Quakers  argue  that  the  war- 
fare of  Christianity,  or  that  which  Christianity  recognizes,  is  not 
carnal,  but  spiritual,  and  that  it  consists  in  the  destruction  of  the 
evil  imaginations,  or  of  the  evil  lusts  and  passions  of  men.  That 
is  no  man  can  be  a  true  soldier  of  Christ  unless  his  lusts  are  sub- 
dued, or  unless  the  carnal  be  done  away  by  the  spiritual  mincL 
Now  this  position  having  been  laid  down  by  St.  Paul,  or  the  position 
having  been  established  in  christian  morals,  that  a  state  of  subju- 
gated passions  is  one  of  the  great  characteristic  marks  of  a  true 
christian,  the  Quakers  draw  a  conclusion  from  it  by  the  help  of  the 
words  of  St.  James.  This  apostle,  in  his  letter  to  the  dispersed 
tribes,  which  were  often  at  war  with  each  other,  as  well  as  with  the 
Eomans,  says,  "From  whence  come  wars  and  fightings  among  you? 
Come  they  not  hence  even  of  your  lusts  that  war  in  your  members  ?" 
But  if  wars  come  from  the  lusts  of  men,  then  the  Quakers  say  that 
those  who  have  subdued  their  lusts  can  no  longer  engage  in  them 
or  in  other  words,  that  true  christians,  being  persons  of  this  descrip- 
tion, or  being  such,  according  to  St.  Paul,  as  are  redeemed  out  of 
what  St.  James  calls  the  very  grounds  and  occasions  of  wars,  can  no 
longer  fight.  And  as  this  proposition  is  true  in  itself,  so  the  Quak- 
ers conceive  the  converse  of  it  to  be  true  also ;  for  if  there  are  per- 


208  APPENDIX. 

sons,  on  the  other  hand,  who  deliberately  engage  in  the  wars  and 
fightings  of  the  world,  it  is  a  proof  that  their  lusts  are  not  yet  sub- 
jugated, or  tliat,  though  they  may  l)e  nominal,  they  are  not  yet 
arrived  at  the  stature  of  true  or  of  full  grown  christians. 

A  third  quotation,  made  by  the  Quakers,  is  taken  from  St.  Paul 
exclusively.  "jSTow  if  any  man  have  not  the  spirit  of  Christ,  he 
is  none  of  his."  That  is,  if  men  have  not  the  same  disposition 
which  Jesus  Christ  manifested  in  the  different  situations  of  his  life, 
the  same  spirit  of  humility  and  forbearance,  and  of  love,  and  of  for- 
giveness of  injuries,  or  if  they  do  not  follow  him  as  a  pattern,  or  if 
they  do  not  act  as  he  would  have  done  on  any  similar  occasion,  they 
are  not  christians.  Xow  they  conceive,  knowing  what  the  spirit 
of  Jesus  was  by  those  things  which  have  been  recorded  of  him,  that 
he  could  never  have  been  induced  or  compelled,  by  any  earthly  con- 
sideration or  power,  to  have  engaged  in  the  wars  of  the  world. 
They  are  aware  that  his  mission,  wliich  it  became  him  to  fulfil,  and 
which  engrossed  all  his  time,  would  not  have  allowed  him  the  oppor- 
tunity of  a  military  life.  But  they  believe,  independently  of  this, 
that  the  spirit  which  he  manifested  upon  earth  would  have  been 
of  itself  a  sufficient  bar  to  such  an  employment.  This  they  judge 
from  his  opinions  and  his  precepts.  For  how  could  he  have  taken 
up  arms  to  fight,  who  enjoined  in  the  new  dispensation  that  men 
were  not  to  resist  evil;  that  they  were  to  love  their  enemies,  that 
they  were  to  bless  those  who  cursed  them,  and  to  do  good  to  those 
who  hated  them?  This  they  judge  also  from  his  practice.  For 
how  could  he  have  lifted  up  his  arm  against  another,  who,  "when  he 
was  reviled,  reviled  not  again  ;"  and  who,  in  his  very  agony  upon  the 
cross,  prayed  for  his  persecutors,  saying,  "Father,  forgive  them,  for 
they  know  not  what  they  do."  But  if  Jesus  Christ  could  not  have 
been  induced  or  compelled  to  have  engaged  in  a  profession  which 
would  have  subjected  him  to  take  away  the  life  of  another,  so 
neither  can  any  christian,  "for  if  a  man  have  not  the  spirit  of 
Christ,  he  is  none  of  his." 

An  amusing  as  well  as  interesting  story,  which  has  a  bearing 
ui)on  this  tenet,  is  told  of  a  minister  among  Friends  of  more  recent 
date,  in  a  volume  entitled  "Southern  Heroes." 

Owing  to  his  popularity  and  activity  in  the  temperance  work,  Eli 
Jones  was  elected  by  a  large  majority  to  the  State  Legislature  of 
Maine,  in  1854.  The  election  was  very  unexpected  to  him,  as  he  had 
not  sought  the  place;  but  having  been  chosen  largely  on  account  of 


JOHN    CARTER 


ALLEN    U.    TOMLINSON 


JOHN    B.  CRENSHAW 


I8HAM    COX 


APPENDIX.  209 

his  temperance  principles,  he  said  he  wou]|d  see  what  he  could  do 
"to  help  put  new  teeth  into  the  old  law,"  and  much  credit  is  due  to 
him  for  the  existence  of  the  "Maine  Liquor  Law." 

When  the  time  came  to  be  sworn  in  as  a  member  of  the  House, 
Eli  Jones  alone  kept  his  seat  while  the  others  swore  to  do  their 
duty.  Then  he  arose  and  "affirmed"  to  the  governor  that  he  would 
faithfull}^  perform  the  duties  of  his  office. 

Although  he  worked  on  important  committees  and  was  diligent 
in  other  duties  of  his  office,  he  never  addressed  the  House.  Some 
of  the  members  who  knew  his  ability  arranged  a  plan  to  call  forth 
a  speech  from  him.  In  the  course  of  the  session  it  became  neces- 
sary to  appoint  a  Major-General  to  the  second  division  of  the 
Maine  militia.  In  1838,  Maine  had  undertaken  by  force  of  arms 
to  assert  her  right  to  a  region  near  her  northern  boundary,  claimed 
l)y  both  her  and  Canada.  There  was  much  mustering  of  troops  at 
the  capital,  and  fully  ten  thousand  soldiers  marched  through  the 
deep  snow  and  fierce  cold  to  drive  the  enemy  from  Aroostook 
County.  Though  they  were  l^rave  and  ready  for  battle,  happily  no 
blood  was  shed,  and  peace  was  wisely  made.  But  the  "Aroostook 
War"  became  famous  as  a  subject  of  banter,  and  many  jokes  were 
made  at  the  expense  of  the  officers.  The  old  nursery  rhyme  was 
quoted : 

"The  King  of  Prance,  with  twice  ten  thousand  men. 
Marched  up  the  hill,  and  then — marched  down  again." 

Primarily  for  these  two  reasons — to  urge  Eli  Jones  to  his  feet, 
and  to  joke  the  former  officers  by  appointing  a  Quaker,  an  avowed 
peace  advocate — he  was  unanimously  chosen  to  fill  the  vacancy  of 
Major-General. 

The  nomination  was  so  entirely  unexpected  by  Eli  Jones  that  he 
was  at  first  perplexed  by  the  situation.  He  saw  that  much  Avas  at 
stake,  and  that  wisdom  and  caution  were  needed.  Having  his 
horse  at  Augusta,  he  drove  that  night  to  his  home  at  Dirigo,  fifteen 
miles  away,  chiefly,  perhaps,  to  discuss  the  situation  with  his  be- 
loved Sibyl  and  the  Friends  most  suitable  for  counsel.  After  talk- 
ing far  into  the  night  with  his  brother-in-law,  James  Van  Blarcom, 
he  walked  the  floor  alone  until  the  new  dav  was  daT\Tiing-. 

Upon  reaching  Augusta  again,  he  found  the  occasion  far  more 
important  than  he  had  anticipated.  The  news  had  spread  that  the 
Quaker  was  to  speak  in  regard  to  his  appointment,  and  the  Hall 


210  APPENDIX. 

of  the  Ixeprosentativos  was  crowded.  Not  only  were  most  of  the 
members  of  the  Senate  present,  but  many  other  citizens.  The  sul)- 
ject  of  the  appointment  was  introduced,  and  Eli  Jones  spoke  in 
substance  as  follows: 

"Whatever  my  andjitions  may  have  been  in  times  pa'^t,  my  aspira- 
tions have  never  embraced  such  an  office  as  this  as  an  object  of 
desire.  I  can  assure  the  House  that  my  election  as  Major-General 
was  an  honor  wholly  unexpected.  It  is  true  that  when  the  gov- 
ernor announced  to  the  House  the  existence  of  the  vacancy,  a  mem- 
ber privately  remarked  to  me,  'I  shall  vote  for  you;'  luit  I  replied, 
declining  the  honor,  and  jDroposed  to  return  the  compliment. 

"To  my  mind  there  is  something  ominous  in  this  occurrence. 
I  regard  it  as  one  of  the  developments  of  the  times.  Who  of  us. 
when  assembled  ten  years  ago,  in  quiet  and  retired  places,  to  affix 
our  signatures  to  pledges  of  abstinence  from  intoxicating  drinks, 
would  have  believed  that  in  1855  we  should  be  elected  to  the  seats 
we  now  occupy,  amid  the  overwhelming  rejoicings  of  the  people, 
and  pledged  to  support  the  Maine  Law?  ^Vllo  that  at  that  time 
had  visited  the  plantations  of  the  South  and  seen  the  slave  toiling 
under  the  lash  of  the  taskmaster,  would  have  believed  that  in  1855 
the  people  of  the  larger  portion  of  this  great  land  would  have 
roused  with  stern  determination  to  subdue  the  encroachments  of 
the  slave  power,  and  have  pledged  themselves  never  to  cease  their 
labors  until  the  wrongs  of  slavery  should  be  ameliorated — nay, 
'inore,  until  slavery  itself  should  be  abolished? 

"Still  more  wonderful !  Wlio  would  have  believed  that  the  State 
of  Maine,  which  a  few  years  since  gloried  in  an  Aroostook  expe- 
dition, and  was  noisy  with  militant  training  and  the  noise  of  arms, 
would,  in  1855,  exhibit  the  spectacle  of  a  peaceable  member  of 
tlie  Society  of  Friends  being  elected  to  the  post  of  Major-General 
of  a  division  of  the  militia,  and  that,  too.  by  the  representatives  in 
their  legislative  capacity  ? 

"But  I  have  endeavored  to  regulate  my  own  conduct  liy  the 
principle  that  legislation  should  not  go  very  far  in  advance  of  pub- 
lic sentiment,  and  it  seems  to  me  that  this  election  may  possibly 
be  ahead  of  that  sentiment.  J  therefore  submit  this  suggestion 
in  all  candor. 

"It  is  generally  understood  that  I  entertain  peculiar  views  in 
respect  to  the  policy  of  war.     If,  however,  I  am  an  exponent  of  the 


APPENDIX.  211 

views  of  the  Legislature  on  that  suhject,  T  will  cheerfully  under- 
take to  serve  the  State  in  the  capacity  indicated.  With  much 
pleasure  I  shall  stand  before  the  militia  of  the  second  division  and 
give  such  orders  as  I  think  best.  The  first  would  be,  'Ground 
arms.'  The  second  would  be,  'Eight  about  face;  beat  your  swords 
into  plowshares  and  your  spears  into  pruning-hooks,  and  learn  war 
no  more."  I  should  then  dismiss  evers^  man  to  his  farm  and  to 
his  merchandise,  with  an  admonition  to  read  daily  at  his  fireside 
the  Xew  Testament,  and  ponder  upon  its  tidings  of  'Peace  on  earth, 
good  will  toward  men.' 

"If,  on  the  other  hand,  it  should  be  determined  that  my  election 
is  a  little  in  advance  of  the  times,  I  am  willing,  as  a  good  citizen, 
to  bow  to  the  majesty  of  the  law,  and,  as  a  member  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, to  consult  its  dignity  and  decline  the  exalted  position  ten- 
dered me  by  the  House — and  I  will  now  decline  it.  With  pleasure 
I  now  surrender  to  the  House  this  trust  and  the  honor,  and  retire 
to  private  life." 

This  speech  was  delivered  amid  interruptions  of  loud  applause, 
and  made  a  great  sensation  throughout  the  State ;  and  not  in  Maine 
only,  but  it  was  commented  on  by  many  of  the  newspapers,  and 
appeared  in  the  columns  of  English  journals. 

The  fourth  and  last  tenet  of  the  Quakers  is  on  the  subject  of  the 
unlawfulness  of  a  pecuniary  maintenance  of  a  gospel  ministry. 

In  explaining  this  tenet,  I  am  aware  that  I  am  treading  upon 
delicate  ground.  The  great  majority  of  christians  have  determined 
that  the  spiritual  laborer  is  worthy  of  his  hire;  that  if  men  re- 
linquish the  usual  occupations  by  which  a  livelihood  is  obtained, 
in  order  that  they  may  devote  themsel,ves  to  the  service  of  religion, 
they  are  entitled  to  a  pecuniary  maintenance ;  and  that,  if  they  pro- 
duce a  rich  harvest  from  what  they  sow,  they  are  of  all  men,  con- 
sidering their  usefulness  to  man  to  be  greater  in  this  than  in  any 
other  service  they  can  render  him,  the  most  worthy  of  encourage- 
ment and  support.  I  am  aware  also  of  the  possibility  of  giving 
offence  to  some  in  the  course  of  the  explanation  of  this  tenet.  To 
these  I  can  only  say,  that  I  have  no  intention  of  Imrting  the  feel- 
ings of  any;  that  in  the  church  there  are  those  whom  I  esteem  and 
love,  and  whom  of  all  others  I  should  be  sony  to  offend.  Bat  it 
must  be  obvious  to  these,  and  indeed  to  all,  that  it  is  impossible  for 
me  in  writing  a  history  of  the  manners  and  opinions  of  the  Quak- 


212  APPENDIX. 

ers,  to  pass  over  in  silence  the  tenet  that  is  now  before  mo;  and  if 
I  notice  it,  they  must  be  sensible  that  it  becomes  me  to  state  fully 
and  fairlv  all  the  aromnents  which  the  Quakers  give  for  the  differ- 
ence of  opinion,  which  they  manifest  from  the  rest  of  their  fellow 
citizens,  on  tliis  subject. 

It  does  not  appear  then,  the  Quakers  say,  by  any  records  that  can 
be  produced,  that  Jesus  Christ  ever  received  any  payment  for  the 
doctrines  which  he  taught,  neither  does  it  appear,  as  far  as  his  own 
instructions,  which  are  recorded  by  the  evangelists,  can  be  collected 
on  this  subject,  that  he  considered  any  pecuniary  stipend  as 
necessary  or  proper  for  those  who  are  to  assist  in  tlie  promotion 
of  his  religion. 

Jesus  Christ,  on  the  erection  of  his  gospel  ministry,  gave  rules 
to  his  disciples  how  they  were  to  conduct  themselves  in  the  case 
before  us.  He  enjoined  the  twelve,  before  he  sent  them  on  this 
errand,  as  we  collect  from  St.  Matthew  and  St.  Luke,  that,  "as  they 
had  received  freely,  so  tliey  were  to  give  freely ;  that  they  were  to 
provide  neither  gold,  nor  silver,  nor  brass  in  their  purses,  nor  scrip, 
nor  other  things  for  their  journey;  for  the  workman  was  worthy 
of  his  meat."  And,  on  their  return  from  their  mission,  he  asked 
them,  "^AHien  I  sent  you  without  purse,  and  scrip,  and  shoes,  lacked 
ye  anything?  And  they  said  nothing.  Then  said  he  unto  them, 
But  now  he  that  hath  a  purse  let  him  take  it,  and  likewise  his 
scrip.'' 

In  a  little  time  aftenvards,  Jesus  Christ  sent  out  other  seventy 
as  disciples,  to  vrhom  he  gave  instructions  similar  to  the  former, 
that  they  should  not  take  scrip,  clothes,  and  money  with  them. 
But  to  these  he  said  additionally,  that  wheresoever  they  were  re- 
ceived, they  were  to  cat  such  things  as  were  given  them ;  but  where 
they  were  not  received,  they  were  to  go  their  way,  and  say,  Even  the 
dust  of  your  city,  which  cleaveth  on  us.  we  do  wipe  off  against  you." 
And  as  on  that  occasion  he  compared  the  ministers  of  his  gospel 
to  the  laborers,  whom  a  man  sends  to  the  harvest,  he  told  them  they 
were  at  lilierty  to  eat  what  was  set  before  them,  because  the  lal)orer 
was  worthy  of  his  hire. 

Tliis  the  Quakers  conceive  to  be  the  substance  of  all  that  Jesus 
Christ  taught  upon  this  subject.  They  go  therefore  next  to  St. 
Paul  for  a  farther  elucidation  of  it. 

They  are  of  opinion  that  St.  Paul,  in  his  epistle  to  Timothy,  and 


APPENDIX. 


213 


to  the  Corinthians,  and  Gahitians,  acknowledges  the  position,  that 
the  spiritual  lahorer  is  worthy  of  liis  hire. 

The  same  apostle,  however,  says,  "that  if  any  would  not  work, 
neither  should  he  eat."  From  this  text  the  Quakers  draw  two  con- 
clusions, first,  that  when  ministers  of  the  gospel  are  idle,  they  are 
not  entitled  to  bodily  sustenance;  and,  secondly,  that  those  only 
who  receive  them  are  expected  to  support  them.  The  same  apostle 
says  also,  "Let  him  that  is  taught  in  the  word  communicate  unto 
him  that  tcacheth  in  all  good  things,"  l)ut  he  no  where  says,  "to  him 
that  teacheth  not." 

But  though  men,  who  faithfully  spend  their  time  in  preaching 
the  gospel,  are  entitled  to  bodily  maintenance  from  those  who  re- 
ceive them,  yet  St.  Paul,  the  Quakers  say,  as  far  as  his  own  practice 
was  concerned,  thought  it  more  consistent  with  the  spirit  of  Chris- 
tianity, and  less  detrimental  to  its  interests  to  support  himself  by 
the  labor  of  his  own  hands,  than  to  be  supported  by  that  of  others. 
And  he  advises  others  to  do  the  same,  and  not  to  make  their  preach- 
ing chargeable,  "not  because,  says  he,  we  have  not  power,  but  to 
make  ourselves  an  ensample  to  you  to  follow  us." 

This  power  the  Quakers  consider  ministers  of  the  gospel  to  abuse, 
who  make  their  preaching  chargeable,  if  by  any  means  they  can  sup- 
port themselves;  for  St.  Paul  says  farther,  "what  is  my  reward 
then?  Verily  that,  when  I  preach  the  gospel,  I  may  make  the 
gospel  of  Christ  without  charge,  that  I  abuse  not  my  power  in  the 
gospel."  Thus  the  apostle,  they  conceive,  looks  up  to  God  and  not 
to  men  for  the  reward  of  his  spiritual  labors.  And  the  same  apostle 
makes  it  a  characteristic  of  the  false  teachers,  that  they  make  mer- 
chandize of  their  hearers. 

It  is  objected  to  the  Quakers  on  this  occasion,  that  St.  Paul  re- 
ceived relief  from  the  brethren  at  Pliilippi,  as  well  as  from  others, 
when  he  did  not  preach.  But  their  reply  is,  that  this  relief  con- 
sisted of  voluntary  and  affectionate  presents  sent  to  him  in  circum- 
stances of  distress.  In  this  case  the  apostle  states,  that  he  never 
desired  these  gifts,  but  that  it  was  pleasant  to  him  to  see  liis  relig- 
ious instruction  produce  a  benevolence  of  disposition  that  would 
abound  to  their  account. 

St.  Peter  is  the  only  other  person  who  is  mentioned  in  the  New 
Testament  as  speaking  on  this  subject.  Writing  to  those  who  had 
been  called  to  the  spiritual  oversight  of  the  churches,  he  advises  as 


214  APPENDIX. 

follows:  '"Feed  the  flock  of  God,  which  iis  among  you,  taking  the 
oversight  thereof  not  by  constraint  hut  willingly,  not  for  lilthy 
lucre,  but  of  a  ready  mind,  neither  as  being  lords  over  God's  herit- 
age, but  being  examples  to  the  Hock.  And  when  the  chief  Shepherd 
shall  appear,  ye  shall  receive  a  crown  of  glory  that  fadeth  not  away." 
Upon  these  words  the  Quakers  make  three  observations :  that  min- 
isters should  not  make  a  gain  of  the  gospel;  that  they  should  look 
to  God  for  their  reward,  and  not  to  men;  and  that  Peter  himself 
nmst  have  preached  like  St.  Paul,  without  fee  or  reward,  or  he 
could  not  consistently  have  recommended  such  a  practice  to  others." 

We  may  add  here  that  the  denomination  known  niiiong  i;s  today 
as  Primitive  Baptists  hold  to  the  same  tenet  as  the  Quakers  in 
respect  to  paying  preachers  a  stated  salary. 

These  four  tenets  it  may  be  remarked  are  the  causes  why  Quak- 
ers have  been  so  bitterly  and  relentlessly  persecuted.  There  are 
two  great  motives  which  influence  unregenerate  man  more  than 
aught  else.  They  are  "'interest"  and  "appetite."  Quakerism  as- 
sailed both  and  persecution  was  inevitable. 


CHAPTER   VI. 

THE  DRESS  OF  THE  QUAKERS. 

We  sluill  now  see  why  the  Quakers  are  considered  quaint.  Vol- 
taire says,  "Dress  changes  the  manners,"  to  which  the  Quakers  make 
answer  that  Regeneration  changes  the  dress,  that  of  a  savage  into 
one  of  decency,  that  of  a  christian  into  one  of  simplicity. 

Quoting  from  the  same  volume,  the  author  has  this  to  say: 

T  have  now  explained,  in  a  very  ample  manner,  the  moral  educa- 
tion and  disci])linc'  of  the  Quakers.  I  shall  [)roceed  to  the  explana- 
tion of  such  customs  as  seem  peculiar  to  them  as  a  society  of  chris- 
tians. 

The  dress  of  the  Quakers  is  the  first  custom  of  this  luiture  that  I 
propose  to  notice.  They  stand  distinguished  by  means  of  it  from 
all  other  religious  bodies.  The  men  wear  neither  lace,  frills,  ruffles, 
swords,  nor  any  of  the  oruaments  used  by  the  fashionaI)le  world. 
The  women  wear  neither  lace,  flounces.  la])])ets,  rings,  bracelets, 


APPENDIX. 


215 


necklaces,  ear  rings,  nor  anything  Ijclonging  to  this  chiss.  Both 
sexes  are  also  particular  in  tlie  choice  of  the  color  of  their  clothes. 
All  gay  colors  such  as  red,  blue,  green,  and  yellow,  are  exploded. 
Dressing  in  this  manner,  a  Quaker  is  known  by  his  apparel  through 
the  whole  kingdom.  This  is  not  the  case  Avith  any  other  individuals 
of  the  island,  except  the  clergy ;  and  these,  in  consequence  of  black 
garments  worn  by  persons  on  account  of  the  death  of  their  rela- 
tions, are  not  always  distinguished  from  others. 

I  know  of  no  custom  among  the  Quakers  which  has  more  excited 
the  curiosity  of  the  world,  than  this  of  their  dress,  and  none  in 
which  they  have  been  more  mistaken  in  their  qonjectures  concern- 
ing it. 

In  the  early  times  of  the  English  history,  dress  had  been  fre- 
quently restricted  by  the  government.  Persons  of  a  certain  rank 
and  fortune  were  permitted  to  wear  only  clothing  of  a  certain  kind. 
But  these  restrictions  and  distinctions  were  gradually  broken  down, 
and  people,  as  they  were  able  and  willing,  launched  out  into  unlim- 
ited extravagance  in  their  dress.  The  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  cen- 
turies, and  down  from  thence  to  the  time  when  the  Quakers  first 
appeared,  were  periods  particularly  noticed  for  prodigality  in  the 
use  of  apparel,  there  was  nothing  too  expensive  or  too  preposterous 
to  be  worn.  Our  ancestors,  also,  to  use  an  ancient  quotation,  "were 
never  constant  to  one  color  or  fashion  two  months  to  an  end."  We 
can  have  no  idea  by  the  present  generation,  of  the  folly  in  such 
respects,  of  these  early  ages.  But  these  follies  were  not  confined 
to  the  laity.  Affectation  of  parade,  and  gaudy  clothing,  were  ad- 
mitted among  many  of  the  clergy,  who  incurred  the  severest  invec- 
tives of  the  poets  on  that  account.  The  ploughman,  in  Chaucer's 
Canterbury  Tales,  is  full  upon  this  point.  He  gives  us  the  follow- 
ing description  of  a  priest : 

"That  hye  on  horse  wylleth  to  ride. 
In  glytter  ande  gold  of  great  arraye, 
T  painted  and  pertred  all  in  pryde, 
iSTo  common  knyght  may  go  so  gaye; 
Chaunge  of  clothying  every  daye. 
With  golden  gyrdles  great  and  small, 
As  boysterous  as  is  here  at  baye ; 
All  suche  falshed  mote  nede  fall." 


216  -APPENDIX. 

To  tills  he  adds,  that  many  of  them  liad  more  than  one  or  two 
mitres,  embellished  with  pearls,  like  the  head  of  a  queen,  and  a  staff 
of  gold  set  with  jewels,  as  heavy  as  lead.  He  then  speaks  of  their 
appearing  out  of  doors  with  broad  bucklers  and  long  swords,  or  with 
baldries  about  their  necks,  instead  of  stoles,  to  which  their  basel- 
lards  were  attached. 

"Bucklers  brode  and  sweardes  longe, 
Baudryke  with  baselards  kene." 

He  then  accuses  them  of  wearing  gay  gowns  of  scarlet  and  green 
colors,  ornamented  with  cut  work,  and  for  the  long  pykes  upon  their 
shoes. 

But  so  late  as  the  year  1G52  we  have  the  following  anecdote  of 
the  whimsical  dress  of  a  clergyman.  John  Owen,  Dean  of  Christ 
church,  and  vice-chancellor,  of  Oxford,  is  represented  as  wearing 
a  lawn  band,  as  having  his  hair  powdered  and  his  hat  curiously 
cocked.  He  is  discribed  also  as  wearing  Spanish  leather  boots  with 
lawn  tops,  and  snake  bone  band  strings,  with  large  tassels,  and  a 
large  set  of  ribbands,  pointed  at  his  knees  with  points  or  tags  at 
the  end.  And  much  al)out  the  same  time,  when  Charles  the  second 
was  at  Newmarket,  Nathaniel  Vincent,  doctor  of  divinity,  fellow  of 
Clarehall,  and  chaplain  in  ordinary  to  his  majesty,  preached  before 
him.  But  the  king  was  so  displeased  with  the  foppery  of  this 
preachers  dress,  that  he  commanded  the  duke  of  Monmouth,  then 
chancellor  of  the  university,  to  cause  the  statutes  concerning 
decency  of  apparel  among  the  clergy  to  be  put  into  execution,  which 
was  accordingly  done.  These  instances  are  sufficient  to  show  that 
the  taste  for  preposterous  and  extravagant  dress  must  have  operated 
like  a  contagion  in  those  times,  or  the  clergy  would  scarcely  have 
dressed  themselves  in  this  ridiculous  and  censurable  manner. 

But  although  this  extravagance  was  found  among  many  orders 
of  society  at  the  time  of  the  appearance  of  George  Fox,  yet  many 
individuals  had  set  their  faces  against  the  fashions  of  the  world. 
These  consisted  principally  of  religious  people  of  different  denomi- 
nations, most  of  whom  were  in  the  middle  classes  of  life.  Such 
persons  were  found  in  plain  and  simple  habits  notwithstanding  the 
contagion  of  the  example  of  their  superiors  in  rank.  The  men  of 
this  description  generally  wore  plain  round  hats  with  common 
crowns.     They  had  discarded  the  sugar-loaf-hat,  and  the  hat  turned 


APPENDIX. 


217 


up  with  a  silver  clas])  on  one  side,  as  well  as  all  ornaments  belong- 
ing to  it,  such  as  pictures,  feathers,  and  bands  of  various  colors. 
They  had  adopted  a  plain  suit  of  clothes.  They  wore  cloaks,  when 
necessary,  over  these.  But  both  the  clothes  and  the  cloaks  were  of 
the  same  color.  The  color  of  each  of  them  were  either  drab  or  gray. 
Other  people  who  followed  the  fashions,  wore  white,  red,  green, 
yellow,  violet,  scarlet  and  other  colors,  which  were  expensive,  be- 
cause they  were  principally  dyed  in  foreign  parts.  The  drab  con- 
sisted of  the  white  wool  undyed,  and  the  grey  of  the  white  wool 
mixed  with  black,  which  was  undyed  also.  These  colors  were  then 
the  colors  of  the  clothes,  because  they  were  the  least  expensive,  of 
the  peasants  of  England,  as  they  are  now  of  those  of  Portugal  and 
Spain.  They  had  discarded  also,  all  ornaments,  such  as  of  lace,  or 
bunches  of  ribands  at  the  knees,  and  their  buttons  were  generally 
of  alchymy,  as  this  composition  was  then  termed,  or  of  the  same 
color  as  their  clothes. 

The  grave  and  religious  women  also,  like  the  men,  had  avoided 
the  fashions  of  their  times.  These  had  adopted  the  cap  and  the 
black  hood  for  their  head-dress.  The  black  hood  had  been  long  the 
distinguishing  mark  of  a  grave  matron.  All  prostitutes,  so  early  as 
Edward  the  third,  had  been  forbidden  to  wear  it.  In  after  times 
it  was  celebrated  by  the  epithet  of  venerable  by  the  poets,  and  had 
been  introduced  by  painters  as  the  representative  of  virtue.  When 
fashionable  women  had  discarded  it,  which  was  the  case  in  George 
Fox's  time,  the  more  sober,  on  account  of  these  ancient  marks  of  its 
sanctity,  had  retained  it,  and  it  was  then  common  among  them. 
With  respect  to  the  hair  of  grave  and  sober  women  in  those  days, 
it  was  worn  plain,  and  covered  occasionally  by  a  plain  hat  or  bonnet. 
They  had  avoided  by  this  choice  those  preposterous  head  dresses  and 
bonnets,  which  none  but  those  who  have  seen  paintings  of  them, 
could  believe  ever  to  have  been  worn.  They  admitted  none  of  the 
large  ruffs,  that  were  then  in  use,  but  chose  the  plain  handkerchief 
for  their  necks,  differing  from  those  of  others,  which  had  rich  point 
and  curious  lace.  They  rejected  the  crimson  satin  doublet  with 
black  velvet  skirts,  and  contented  themselves  with  a  plain  gown, 
generally  of  stuff,  and  of  a  drab,  or  grey,  or  buff,  or  buffin  color,  as 
it  was  called,  and  faced  with  buckram.  These  colors,  as  I  observed 
before,  were  the  colors  worn  by  country  people;  and  were  not  ex- 
pensive, because  they  were  not  dyed.     To  this  gown  was  added  a 


218  APPENDIX. 

green  apron.  Green  aprons  had  been  long  worn  in  England,  yet 
at  the  time  I  alhide  to,  they  were  out  of  fashion,  so  as  to  be  ridi- 
euled  by  the  gay.  But  old  fashioned  people  still  retained  them. 
Thus  an  idea  of  gi-avity  was  connected  with  them ;  and  therefore 
religious  and  steady  women  adopted  them  as  the  gi-ave  and  sober 
garments  of  ancient  times. 

It  may  now  be  ol;)served  that  from  these  religious  persons,  haljited 
in  this  manner,  in  opposition  to  the  fashions  of  the  world,  the  prim- 
itive Quakers  generally  sjjrung.  George  Fox  himself  wore  the  plain 
grey  coat  that  has  been  noticed,  with  alchymy  buttons,  and  a  plain 
leather  girdle  al)out  his  waist.  When  the  Quakers  therefore  first 
met  in  religious  union  they  met  in  these  simple  clothes.  They 
made  no  alteration  in  their  dress  on  account  of  their  new  religion. 
They  prescribed  no  form  or  color  as  distingiiishing  marks  of  their 
sect,  but  they  carried  with  them  the  plain  habits  of  their  ancestors 
into  the  new  society,  as  the  habits  of  the  grave  and  sober  people  of 
their  own  times. 


CHAPTER  YIT. 

THEIR   FORMS  OF  SPEECH. 

Another  peculiarity  of  the  Quakers  is  their  language,  especially  in 
regard  to  the  pronoun  "thou."  That  our  readers  may  fully  under- 
stand why  they  use  this  form  of  speech,  we  again  quote  from  tlie 
same  lucid  author. 

As  the  Quakers  are  distinguishable  from  their  fellow-citizens  by 
their  dress,  as  was  am])ly  shown  in  a  former  chapter,  so  they  are  no 
less  distinguishable  from  them  by  the  peculiarities  of  their 
language. 

George  Fox  seemed  to  look  at  every  custom  with  the  eye  of  a 
reformer.  The  language  of  the  countrv.  as  used  in  his  own  times, 
struck  him  as  having  many  censurahle  defects.  Many  of  the  ex- 
pressions, then  in  use,  appeared  to  him  to  contain  gross  flattery, 
others  to  be  idolatrous,  others  to  be  false  representatives  of  the 
ideas  they  were  intended  to  convey.  Now  he  considered  that  Chris- 
tianity required  truth,  and  he  l)elieved  therefore  that  lie  and  his 
followers,  who  professed  to  bo  christians  in  word  and  deed,  and  to 
follow  the  christian  pattern  in  all  things,  as  far  as  it  could  be  found, 
were  called  upon  to  depart  from  all  censurable  modes  of  speech,. 


APPENDIX. 


219 


as  much  as  they  were  from  any  of  the  customs  of  the  world,  which 
Christianity  had  deemed  objectionable.  And  so  weighty  did  these 
improprieties  in  his  own  language  lie  upon  his  mind,  that  he  con- 
ceived himself  to  have  had  an  especial  commission  to  correct  them. 

The  first  alteration,  which  he  adopted,  was  the  use  of  the  pro- 
noun thou.  The  pronoun  you,  which  grammarians  had  fixed  to  be 
of  the  plural  nimiber,  was  then  occasionally  used,  but  less  than  it 
is  now,  in  addressing  an  individual.  George  Fox  therefore  adopted 
thou  in  its  place  on  this  occasion,  leaving  the  word  you  to  be  used 
only  where  two  or  more  individuals  were  addressed. 

George  Fox  however  was  not  the  first  of  the  religious  writers, 
who  had  noticed  the  improper  use  of  the  pronoun  you.  Erasmus 
employed  a  treatise  in  showing  the  propriety  of  thou  when  ad- 
dressed to  a  single  person,  and  in  ridiculing  the  use  of  you  on  the 
same  occasion.  Martin  Luther  also  took  great  pains  to  expunge 
the  word  you  from  the  station  which  it  occupied,  and  to  put  thou  in 
its  place.  In  his  Ludus,  he  ridiculed  the  use  of  the  former  by  the 
following  invented  sentence,  "Magister,  Vosestis  iratus  ?"  This  is  as 
absurd,  as  if  he  had  said  in  English,  "Gentlemen,  art  thou  angry." 

But  though  George  Fox  was  not  the  first  to  reconnnend  the  sulj- 
stitution  of  thou  for  you,  he  was  the  first  to  reduce  this  amended 
use  of  it  to  practice.  This  he  did  in  his  own  person,  wherever  he 
went,  and  in  all  the  works  which  he  published.  All  his  followers 
did  the  same.  And,  from  his  time  to  the  present,  the  pronoun 
thou  has  come  down  so  prominent  in  the  speech  of  the  society,  that 
a  Quaker  is  generally  known  by  it  at  the  present  day. 

The  reader  would  hardly  believe,  if  historical  facts  did  not  prove 
it,  how  much  noise  the  introduction  or  rather  the  amended  use  of 
this  little  particle,  as  reduced  to  practice  by  George  Fox,  made  in 
the  world,  and  how  much  ill  usage  it  occasioned  the  early  Quakers. 
Many  magistrates,  before  whom  they  were  carried  in  the  early  times 
of  their  institution,  occasioned  their  sufferings  to  be  greater  merely 
on  this  account.  They  were  often  abused  and  beaten  by  others, 
and  sometimes  put  in  danger  of  their  lives.  It  was  a  common  ques- 
tion put  to  a  Quaker  in  those  days,  who  addressed  a  great  man  in 
this  new  and  simple  manner,  "why  you  ill  bred  clown  do  you  thou 
me?"  The  rich  and  mighty  of  those  times  thought  themselves 
degraded  by  this  mode  of  address,  as  reducing  them  from  a  plural 
magnitude  to  a  singular,  or  individual^,  or  simple  station  of  life. 


220  APPENDIX. 

"The  use  of  thou/"  says  George  Fox.  "was  a  sore  cut  to  the  proud 
flesh,  and  those  who  sought  self-honor." 

George  Fox,  finding  that  both  he  and  his  followers  were  thus 
subject  to  much  persecution  on  this  account,  thought  it  right  the 
world  should  know,  that,  in  using  this  little  particle  which  had 
given  so  much  offence,  the  Quakers  were  only  doing  what  every 
grammarian  ought  to  do,  if  he  followed  his  own  rules.  Accord- 
ingly a  Quaker-work  was  produced,  which  was  written  to  show 
that  in  all  languages  thou  was  the  proper  and  usual  form  of  speech 
to  a  single  person,  and  you  to  more  than  one.  This  was  exemplified 
b}^  instances  taken  out  of  the  scriptures,  and  out  of  books  of  teach- 
ing in  about  thirty  languages.  Two  Quakers  of  the  names  of 
John  Stubbs  and  Benjamin  Furley,  took  great  pains  in  compiling 
it;  and  some  additions  were  made  to  it  by  George  Fox  himself, 
who  was  then  a  prisoner  in  Lancaster  castle. 

This  work,  as  soon  as  it  was  published,  was  presented  to  King 
Charles  the  second,  and  to  his  council.  Copies  of  it  were  also  sent 
to  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  the  Bishop  of  London,  and  to  each 
of  the  universities.  The  King  delivered  his  sentiments  upon  it 
so  far  as  to  say,  that  thou  was  undoubtedly  the  proper  language 
of  all  nations.  The  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  when  he  was  asked 
what  he  thought  of  it,  is  described  to  have  been  so  much 
at  a  stand,  that  he  could  not  tell  what  to  say.  The  book 
was  afterwards  bought  by  many.  It  is  said  to  have  spread  con- 
viction wherever  it  went.  Hence  it  had  the  effect  of  lessening  the 
prejudices  of  some,  so  that  the  Quakers  were  never  afterwards 
treated,  on  this  account,  in  tlie  same  rugged  manner  as  they  had 
been  before. 

But  though  this  book  ])rocured  the  Quakers  an  amelioration  of 
treatment  on  the  amended  use  of  the  expression  thou,  there  were 
individuals  in  the  society  who  thought  they  ought  to  put  their 
defence  on  a  better  foundation,  by  stating  all  the  reasons,  for  there 
were  many  besides  those  in  this  book,  which  had  induced  them  to 
differ  from  their  fellow  citizens  on  this  subject.  This  was  done 
both  by  Eobert  Barclay  and  William  Penn  in  works,  which  de- 
fended other  principles  of  the  Quakers,  and  other  peculiarities  in 
their  language. 

One  of  the  arguments,  by  which  the  iise  of  the  pronoun  tliou  was 
defended,  was  the  same  as  that  on  which  it  had  been  defended  by 


APPENDIX. 


221 


Stul)bs  and  Furley,  that  is,  its  strict  conformity  with  grammar. 
The  transhitors  of  the  Bible  had  invariably  used  it.  The  liturgy 
had  been  compiled  on  the  same  principle.  All  addresses  made  by 
English  christians  in  their  private  prayers  to  the  Supreme  Being, 
were  made  in  the  language  of  thou,  and  not  of  you.  And  this  wa? 
done  because  the  rules  of  the  English  grammar  warranted  the  ex- 
pression, and  because  any  other  mode  of  expression  would  have  been 
a  violation  of  these  rules. 

But  the  great  argument  (to  omit  all  others)  which  Penn  and 
Barclay  insisted  upon  for  the  change  of  you,  was  that  the  pronoun 
thou,  in  addressing  an  individual,  had  been  anciently  in  use,  but 
that  it  had  been  deserted  for  you  for  no  other  purpose  than  that  of 
flattery  to  men ;  and  that  this  dereliction  of  it  was  gi'owing  greater 
and  greater,  upon  the  same  principle,  in  their  own  times.  Hence 
as  christians,  who  were  not  to  puff  up  the  fleshly  creature,  it  became 
them  to  return  to  the  ancient  and  grammatical  use  of  the  pronoun 
thou,  and  to  reject  this  growing  fashion  of  the  world.  "The  word 
you,"  says  William  Penn,  "was  first  ascribed  in  the  way  of  flattery, 
to  proud  Popes  and  Emperors,  imitating  the  heathens'  vain  hom- 
age to  their  gods,  thereby  ascribing  a  plural  honor  to  a  single  per- 
son, as  if  one  Pope  had  been  made  up  of  many  gods,  and  one 
Emperor  of  many  men ;  for  which  reason  you,  only  to  be  addressed 
to  many,  became  first  spoken  to  one.  It  seemed  the  word  thou 
looked  like  too  lean  and  thin  a  respect;  and  therefore  some,  bigger 
than  they  should  be,  would  have  a  style  suitable  to  their  own 
ambition." 

Another  alteration  that  took  place  in  the  language  of  the  Quak- 
ers, was  the  expunging  of  all  expressions  from  their  vocabulary, 
which  were  either  superfluous  or  of  the  same  flattering  tendency  as 
the  former. 

In  addressing  one  another,  either  personally  or  by  letter,  they 
made  use  of  the  word  friend,  to  signify  the  bond  of  their  own  union, 
and  the  character,  which  man,  under  the  christian  dispensation, 
was  bound  to  exhibit  in  dealings  with  his  fellow-man.  They  ad- 
dressed each  other  also,  and  spoke  of  each  other  by  their  real  names. 
If  a  man's  name  was  Jolin,  they  called  him  John;  they  talked  to 
him  as  John,  and  added  only  his  surname  to  distinguish  him  from 
others. 

In  their  intercourse  with  the  world  they  adopted  the  same  mode 


222  APPENDIX. 

of   speocli,    for   they   addressed    indi\iduals   either  by   their   phiin 
names,  or  they  made  use  of  the  appellations  of  friends  or  neighbors. 

They  rejected  the  word  sir  or  madam,  as  then  in  use.  Tliis  they 
did,  because  they  considered  them  like  the  word  you,  as  remnants 
of  ancient  flattery,  derived  from  the  papal  and  anti-christian  ages; 
and  because  these  words  still  continued  to  be  considered  as  titles  of 
flattery,  that  puffed  up  people  in  their  own  times.  Howell,  who 
was  before  quoted  on  the  pronoun  thou,  is  usually  quoted  hx  the 
Quakers  on  this  occasion  also.  He  states  in  his  history,  that  "sir 
and  madam  were  originally  names  given  to  none  but  the  king,  his 
l)rotlier  and  their  wives,  l)oth  in  France  and  England.  Yet  now  the 
ploughman  in  France  is  called  sir  and  his  wife  madam;  and  men  of 
ordinary  trades  in  England  sir  and  their  wives  dame,  which  is  the 
legal  title  of  a  lady  and  is  the  same  as  madame  in  French.  So 
prevalent  hath  pride  and  flattery  been  in  all  ages,  the  one  to  give 
and  the  other  to  receive  respect." 

The  Quakers  banished  also  the  word  master,  or  mister  as  it  is  now 
pronounced,  from  their  language,  either  when  they  spoke  concern- 
ing any  one,  or  addressed  any  one  by  letter.  To  have  used  the 
word  master  to  a  person,  who  was  no  master  over  them,  would 
have  been,  they  considered,  to  have  indicated  a  needless  servility, 
and  to  have  given  a  false  picture  of  their  own  situation,  as  well  as 
of  those  addressed. 

Upon  the  same  or  similar  principles  they  hesitated  to  subscribe 
themselves  as  the  humble  or  obedient  servants  of  any  one,  as  is  now 
usual,  at  the  bottom  of  their  letters.  "Horrid  apostacy,"  says 
Barclay,  "for  it  is  notorious  that  the  use  of  these  compliments  im- 
plies not  any  design  or  service."  This  expression  in  particular  they 
reprobated  for  another  reason.  Tt  was  one  of  those  which  had 
followed  the  last  degree  of  impious  services  and  expressions, 
which  had  poured  in  after  the  statues  of  the  emperors  had 
been  worsiiip|)e(l,  after  tlie  titles  of  eternity  and  divinity  had  been 
ushered  in,  and  after  thou  had  been  exchanged  for  you,  and  it  had 
taken  a  certain  station  and  flourished  among  these.  CJood  chris- 
tians, however,  had  endeavored  to  keep  themselves  clear  of  such 
inconsistencies.  Casaubon  has  preserved  a  letter  of  Paulinus. 
■  Bishop  of  ISTola,  in  which  he  rebukes  Sulpicius  Severus  for  having 
subscribed  himself  "his  humble  servant."  A  part  of  the  letter  runs 
thus:  "Take  heed,  hereafter,  how  thou,  being  from  a  servant  called 


APPENDIX.  223 

-unto  liberty,  doth  subscribe  thyself  servant  to  one  wlio  is  thy  brother 
and  fellow  servant;  for  it  is  a  sinful  flattery,  not  a  testament  of 
humility,  to  pay  those  honors  to  a  man  and  to  a  sinner,  which  are 
due  to  the  one  Lord,  one  Master  and  one  God." 

The  Quakers  also  banished  from  the  use  of  their  society  all  those 
modes  of  expression  which  were  considered  as  marks  or  designations 
of  honor  among  men.  Hence,  in  addressing  any  peer  of  the  realm, 
they  never  used  the  common  formula  of  "my  lord,"  for,  though  the 
peer  in  question  might  Justly  be  the  lord  of  many  possessions,  and 
tenants,  and  servants,  yet  he  was  no  lord  over  their  heritages  or 
persons.  Neither  did  they  ever  use  the  terms  excellency,  or  grace, 
or  honor,  upon  similar  occasions.  They  considered  that  the  bestow- 
ing of  these  titles  might  bring  them  under  the  necessity  of  uttering 
what  might  be  occasionaly  false.  "For  the  persons,"  says  Barclay, 
"obtaining  these  titles,  either  by  election  or  hereditarily,  may  fre- 
quently be  found  to  have  nothing  really  in  them  deserving  them, 
or  answering  to  them,  as  some,  to  whom  it  is  said,  'your  excellency 
may  have  nothing  of  excellency  in  them,  and  he  who  is  called  your 
grace  may  be  an  enemy  to  grace,  and  he  who  called  your  honor  may 
be  base  and  ignoble.'  "  They  considered  also,  that  they  might  be 
setting  up  the  creature,  by  giving  him  the  titles  of  the  Creator,  so 
that  he  might  think  more  higlily  of  himself  than  he  ought,  and 
more  degi-adingiy  than  he  ought  of  the  rest  of  the  human  race. 

But,  independently  of  these  moral  considerations,  they  rejected 
these  titles,  because  they  believed  that  Jesus  Christ  had  set  them  an 
example  by  his  own  declarations  and  conduct  on  a  certain  occasion. 
\Yhen  a  person  addressed  him  by  the  name  of  good  master,  he  was 
rebuked  as  having  done  an  improper  thing.  "Why,"  says  our 
Saviour,  "callest  thou  me  good  ?  There  is  none  good  but  one,  tliat 
is  God."  This  censure  they  believed  to  have  been  passed  upon 
him,  because  Jesus  Christ  knew,  that  when  he  addressed  him  by 
this  title,  he  addressed  him,  not  in  his  divine  nature  or  capacity, 
but  only  as  a  man. 

But  Jesus  Christ  not  only  refused  to  receive  such  titles  of  dis- 
tinction himself  in  his  human  nature,  but  on  another  occasion  ex- 
horted his  followers  to  shun  them  also.  They  were  not  to  be  like 
the  Scribes  and  Pharisees,  who  wished  for  high  and  eminent  dis- 
tinctions, that  is,  to  be  called  Eabbi  Rabb  of  men ;  but,  says  he,  "be 
ye  not  called  Eabbi,  for  one  is  your  master,  even  Christ,  and  all  ye 


224  APPENDIX. 

are  brethren;"  and  he  makes  the  desire  which  he  discovered  in  the 
Jews,  of  seeking  after  w^orldly  instead  of  heavenly  honors,  to  be 
one  cause  of  their  infidelity  towards  Christ,  for  that  such  could  not 
believe,  as  received  honor  from  one  another,  and  sought  not  the 
honor  whicii  conieth  from  God  only;  that  is,  that  those  persons,  who 
courted  earthly  honors,  could  not  have  that  humility  of  mind,  that 
spirit  that  was  to  be  of  no  reputation  in  the  world,  which  was 
essential  to  those  who  wished  to  become  the  followers  of  Christ. 

These  considerations,  both  those  of  a  moral  nature  and  those  of 
the  example  of  Jesus  Christ,  weighed  so  much  with  the  early  Quak- 
ers that  they  made  no  exceptions,  even  in  favor  of  those  of  royal 
dig-nity  or  of  the  rulers  of  their  own  land.  George  Fox  wrote 
several  letters  to  gi-eat  men.  He  w^ote  twice  to  the  king  of  Poland, 
three  or  four  times  to  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  several  times  to  Charles 
the  second ;  but  he  addressed  them  in  no  other  manner  than  by  their 
plain  names  or  by  simple  titles,  expressive  of  their  situations  as 
rulers  or  kings. 

These  several  alterations,  which  took  place  in  the  language  of  the 
early  Quakers,  were  adopted  by  their  several  successors  and  are  in 
force  in  the  society  at  the  present  day. 

Another  alteration,  which  took  place  in  the  language  of  the  Quak- 
ers, was  the  disuse  of  the  common  names  of  the  days  of  the  week, 
and  those  of  the  months  of  the  year. 

The  names  of  the  days  were  considered  to  be  of  heathen  origin. 
Sunday  had  been  so  called  by  the  Saxons,  because  it  was  the  day 
on  which  they  sacrificed  to  the  sun.  Monday  on  which  they  sacri- 
ficed to  the  moon.  Tuesday  to  the  god  Tuisco.  Wednesday  to  the 
god  Woden.  Thursday  to  the  god  Thor,  and  so  on.  Now  when  the 
Quakers  considered  that  Jehovah  had  forbidden  the  Israelites  to 
make  mention  even  of  the  names  of  other  gods,  they  thought  it 
inconsistent  in  christians  to  continue  to  use  the  names  of  heathen 
idols  for  the  common  divisions  of  their  time,  so  that  these  names 
must  be  almost  always  in  their  moutlis.  They  thought,  too,  that 
they  were  paying  a  homage,  in  continuing  the  use  of  them,  tluU 
bordered  on  idolatry.  They  considered  also  as  neither  ]\Ionday  nor 
Tuesday  nor  any  other  of  these  days  were  days  in  which  these  sacri- 
fices were  now  offered,  they  were  using  words  whicli  conveyed  false 
notions  of  things.  ITence  they  determined  upon  the  disuse  of 
these  words,   and  to  put  other  names   in  their  stead.     The  nu- 


APPENDIX.  225 

merical  way  of  naming  the  days  seemed  to  them  to  be  the  most 
rational  and  the  most  innocent.  They  called  therefore  Sunday  the 
first  day.  ^Monday  the  second,  Tuesday  the  third,  and  so  on  to  Satur- 
day, which  was  of  course  the  seventh.  They  used  no  other  names 
but  these,  either  in  their  conversation  or  in  their  letters. 

Upon  the  same  principles  they  altered  the  names  of  the  months 
also.  These,  such  as  March  and  June,  which  had  been  so  named 
by  the  ancient  Eomans  because  they  were  sacred  to  Mars  and  Juno, 
were  exploded  because  they  seemed  in  the  use  of  them  to  be  express- 
ive of  a  kind  of  idolatrous  homage.  Others  again  were  exploded 
because  they  were  not  the  representatives  of  the  truth.  Septem- 
ber, for  example,  means  the  seventh  month  from  the  storms.  It 
took  this  seventh  station  in  the  calendar  of  Komulus,  and  it  desig- 
nated there  its  own  station  as  well  as  the  reason  of  its  name.  But 
when  it  lost  its  place  in  the  calendar  by  the  alteration  of  the  style 
in  England,  it  lost  its  meaning.  It  became  no  representative  of 
its  station  nor  any  representative  of  the  truth,  for  it  still  continues 
to  signify  the  seventh  month,  whereas  it  is  made  to  represent,  or  to 
stand  in  the  place  of  the  ninth.  The  Quakers  therefore  banished 
from  their  language  the  ancient  names  of  the  months,  and,  as  they 
thought  they  could  not  do  better  than  they  had  done  in  the  case  of 
the  days,  they  placed  numericals  in  their  stead.  They  called  Janu- 
ary the  first  month,  February  the  second,  March  the  third,  and  so 
on  to  December,  which  they  called  the  twelfth.  Thus  the  Quaker 
calendar  was  made  up  by  numerical  distinctions,  which  have  con- 
tinued to  the  present  day. 

Another  alteration,  which  took  place  very  generally  in  the 
language  of  the  Quakers,  was  the  rejection  of  the  word  saint  when 
they  spoke  either  of  the  apostles,  or  of  the  primitive  fathers.  The 
papal  authority  had  canonized  these.  This  they  considered  to  be 
an  act  of  idolatry,  and  they  thought  they  should  be  giving  sanction 
to  superstition,  if  they  continued  the  use  of  such  a  title,  either  in 
their  speech  or  Avritings.  After  this,  various  other  alterations  took 
place  according  as  individuals  among  them  thought  it  right  to 
expunge  old  expressions,  and  to  substitute  new;  and  tliese  altera- 
tions were  adopted  by  the  rest,  as  they  had  an  opinion  of  those  who 
used  them,  or  as  they  felt  the  propriety  of  doing  it.  Hence  new 
phrases  came  into  use,  different  from  those  which  were  used  by  the 
world  on  the  same  occasions;  and  these  were  gradually  spread  till 


226  APPENDIX. 

thev  bec-ame  incorpoi-ated  into  the  language  of  the  society.  Of 
these  tlie  following  examples  may  suffice. 

It  is  not  usual  with  Quakers  to  use  the  words  lucky  or  fortunate, 
in  the  way  in  which  many  others  do.  If  a  Quaker  had  been  out  on 
a  Journey,  and  had  experienced  a  number  of  fine  days,  he  would 
never  say  that  he  had  been  lucky  in  his  weather.  In  the  same 
manner  if  a  Quaker  had  recovered  from  an  indisposition,  he  would 
never  say,  in  speaking  of  the  circumstance,  that  he  had  fortunately 
recovered,  l)ut  he  would  say,  that  he  had  recovered,  and  "that  it  was 
a  favor."  Luck,  chance,  or  fortune  are  allowed  by  the  Quakers  to 
have  no  power  in  the  settlement  of  human  affairs 

It  is  not  usual  with  Quakers  to  beg  ten  thousand  pardons,  as 
some  of  the  world  do,  for  any  little  mistake.  A  Quaker  generally 
on  such  an  occasion  asks  a  person's  excuse. 

The  Quakers  never  make  use  of  the  expression  "christian  name." 
This  name  is  called  christian  by  the  world,  because  it  is  the  name 
given  to  children  in  baptism,  or  in  other  words,  when  they  are 
christened,  or  when  they  are  initiated  as  christians.  But  the  Quak- 
ers are  never  baptized.  They  have  no  belief  that  water  baptism 
can  make  a  christian,  or  that  it  is  any  true  mark  of  membership 
with  the  christian  church.  Hence  a  man's  christian  name  is  called 
by  them  his  first  name,  because  it  is  the  first  of  the  two.  or  of  any 
other  number  of  names  that  may  belong  to  him. 

The  Quakers,  on  meeting  a  person,  never  say  "good  morrow,"  be- 
cause all  days  are  equally  good.  Nor  in  parting  with  a  person  at 
night,  do  they  say  "good  evening,"  for  a  similar  reason,  but  they 
make  use  of  the  expression  of  "farewell." 

I  might  proceed,  till  I  m.ade  a  little  vocabulary  of  Quaker  ex- 
pressions; but  this  is  not  necessary,  and  it  is  not  at  all  consistent 
with  my  design.  T  shall  therefore  only  observe,  that  it  is  expected 
of  Quakers,  that  they  should  use  the  language  of  the  society;  that 
they  should  substitute  thou  for  you;  that  they  should  discard  all 
flattering  titles  and  expressions;  and  that  they  should  adopt  the 
numerical,  instead  of  the  heathen  names,  of  the  days  and  months. 
George  Fox  gave  the  example  himself  in  all  these  instances.  Those 
of  the  society  who  depart  from  this  usage  are  said  by  the  Quakers 
to  depart  from  "the  plain  language." 

The  Quakers  were  certainly  a  consistent  people  and  carried  this 
jewel  wherever  they  went — in  the  palace  of  the  rich  as  well  as  the 


APPENDIX.  227 

cottage  of  the  poor.  The  same  reasons  which  led  them  to  discard 
the  use  of  "you"  for  "thou,"  also  led  them  to  keep  their  hats  on 
when  in  the  presence  of  those  to  whom  their  taking  them  off  would 
be  a  mark  of  honor  to  which  they  were  not  entitled.  An  amusing 
instance  of  this  occurred  in  the  case  of  Fox  himself. 

W^ien  George  Fox,  and  two  other  friends,  were  brought  out  of 
Launceston  gaol,  to  be  tried  before  judge  Glynn,  who  was  then 
chief  justice  of  England,  they  came  into  court  with  their  hats  on. 
The  judge  asked  them  the  reason  of  this,  but  they  said  nothing.  He 
then  told  them  that  the  court  commanded  them  to  pull  off  their 
hats.  Upon  this  George  Fox  addressed  them  in  the  following 
manner:  "Where,  says  he,  did  ever  any  magistrate,  king  or  judge, 
from  Moses  to  Daniel,  command  any  to  pull  off  their  hats  when 
they  came  before  them  in  their  courts,  either  amongst  the  Jews,  who 
were  God's  people,  or  among  the  heathen?  And  if  the  law  of 
England  doth  command  any  such  thing,  show  me  that  law,  either 
written  or  printed."  Judge  Glynn  upon  tliis  grew  angry,  and 
replied  that  "he  did  not  carry  his  law  books  upon  his  back."  But 
says  George  Fox,  "tell  me  where  it  is  printed  in  any  statute  book, 
that  I  may  read  it."  The  judge  in  a  very  \nilgar  manner,  ordered 
him  away,  and  he  was  accordingly  taken  away,  and  put  among 
thieves.  The  judge,  however,  in  a  short  time  afterwards  ordered 
him  up  again,  and,  on  his  return,  put  to  him  the  following  question. 
"Come,"  says  he,  "where  had  they  hats  from  Moses  to  Daniel? 
Come,  answer  me.  I  have  you  fast  now."  George  Fox  replied, 
that  "lie  might  read  in  the  third  chapter  of  Daniel,  that  the  three 
children  were  cast  into  the  fiery  furnace  by  Nebuchadnezzar's  com- 
mand, with  their  coats,  their  hose,  and  their  hats  on."  The  repe- 
tition of  this  apposite  text  stopped  the  judge  from  any  further  com- 
ments on  the  custom,  and  he  ordered  him  and  his  companions  to 
be  taken  away  again.  And  they  were  accordingly  taken  away  and 
they  were  thrust  again  among  thieves.  In  process  of  time,  however, 
this  custom  of  the  Quakers  began  to  be  known  among  the  judges, 
who  so  far  respected  their  scruples  as  to  take  care  that  their  hats 
should  be  taken  off  in  future  in  the  courts. 

These  omissions  of  the  ceremonies  of  the  world,  as  begun  by  the 
primitive  Quakers,  are  continued  by  the  modern.  They  neither 
bow  nor  scrape,  nor  pull  off  their  hats  to  any,  by  way  of  civility  or 
respect,  and  they  carry  their  principles  like  their  predecessors,  so 


228  APPENDIX. 

far.  that  tliev  observe  none  of  these  exterior  parts  of  politeness  even 
in  the  presence  of  royalty.  The  Quakers  are  in  the  habit  on  par- 
ticular occasions  of  sendings  deputies  to  the  king.  And  it  is 
remarkable  that  his  present  majestv  always  sees  them  himself,  if 
he  be  well,  and  not  by  proxy.  Notwithstanding  this,  no  one  in  the 
deputation  ever  pulls  off  his  hat.  Those,  however,  who  are  in 
waiting  in  the  anti-chamber,  knowing  this  custom  of  the  Quakers, 
take  their  hats  from  their  heads  before  they  enter  the  room  where 
the  king  is.  On  entering  the  room  they  neither  bow  nor  scrape  nor 
kneel,  and  as  this  ceremony  cannot  be  performed  for  tliem  by  others, 
they  go  into  the  royal  presence  in  a  less  seiwile,  or  more  dignified 
manner,  than  either  the  representatives  of  sovereigiis  or  those  who 
have  humbled  nations  by  the  achievements  of  great  victories. 

In  the  company  of  the  Quakers  a  circumstance  sometimes  occurs, 
of  so  peculiar  a  nature,  that  it  cannot  be  well  omitted  in  this  place. 
It  sometimes  happens  that  you  observe  a  pause  in  the  conversation. 
This  pause  continues.  Surprised  at  the  universal  silence  now  pre- 
vailing, you  look  around  and  find  all  the  Quakers  in  the  room 
apparently  thoughtful.  The  history  of  the  circumstance  is  this. 
In  the  course  of  the  conversation  the  mind  of  some  one  of  the 
persons  present  has  been  so  overcome  with  the  weight  or  importance 
of  it,  or  so  overcome  by  inward  suggestions  or  other  subjects,  as 
to  have  given  himself  up  to  meditation,  or  to  passive  obedience  to 
the  impressions  upon  his  mind.  This  person  is  soon  discovered  by 
the  rest  on  account  of  his  particular  silence  and  gravity.  From 
this  moment  the  Quakers  in  company  cease  to  converse.  They 
become  habitually  silent,  and  continue  so,  both  old  and  young,  to 
give  the  apparently  meditating  person  an  opportunity  of  pursuing 
uninteiTuptedly  the  train  of  his  own  thoughts.  Perhaps,  in  the 
course  of  his  meditations,  the  subject  that  impressed  his  mind 
gradually  dies  away  and  expires  in  silence.  In  this  case  you  find 
him  resuming  his  natural  ])osition.  and  returning  to  conversation 
with  the  company  as  before.  It  sometimes  happens,  however,  that 
in  the  midst  of  his  meditations  he  feels  an  impulse  to  communicate 
to  those  present  the  subject  of  his  thoughts,  and  breaks  fortli,  seri- 
ously explaining,  exhorting  and  advising,  as  the  nature  of  it  permits 
and  suggests.  \Vlien  he  has  finished  his  observations,  tlie  company 
remain  silent  for  a  short  time,  after  which  they  converse  again  as 
before. 


APPENDIX. 


229 


The  Quakers  are  generally  supposed  to  be  a  stiff  and  reserved 
people,  and  to  be  a  people  of  severe  and  uncourteous  manners.  I 
confess  there  is  something  in  their  appearance  that  will  justify  the 
supposition  in  the  eyes  of  strangers,  and  of  such  as  do  not  know 
them;  I  mean  of  such  as  just  see  them  occasionally  out  of  doors, 
but  do  not  mix  with  them  in  their  own  houses. 

It  cannot  be  expected  that  persons,  educated  like  the  Quakers, 
should  assimilate  much  in  their  manners  to  other  people.  The  very 
dress  they  wear,  which  is  so  different  from  that  of  others,  would 
give  them  a  stiff  appearance  in  the  eyes  of  the  world,  if  nothing 
else  could  be  found  to  contribute  towards  it.  Excluded  also  from 
much  intercourse  with  the  world,  and  separated  at  a  vast  distance 
from  it  by  the  singularity  of  many  of  their  customs,  they  would 
naturally  appear  to  others  to  be  close  and  reserved.  Neither  is  it 
to  be  expected  that  those,  whose  spirits  are  never  animated  by  music, 
or  enlivened  by  the  exhibitions  of  the  theatre,  or  the  diversions 
which  others  follow,  would  have  other  than  countenances  that  were 
grave.  Their  discipline  also,  which  calls  them  so  frequently  to 
important  duties,  and  the  dispatch  of  serious  business,  would  pro- 
duce the  same  feature.  I  may  observe,  also,  that  a  peculiarity  of 
gait,  which  might  be  mistaken  for  awkardness,  might  not  unreason- 
ably be  expected  in  those,  who  had  neither  learned  to  walk  under  the 
guidance  of  a  dancing  master,  nor  to  bow  under  the  direction  of 
the  dominion  of  fashion.  If  those  and  those  only  are  to  be 
esteemed  really  polished  and  courteous,  who  bow  and  scrape,  and 
salute  each  other  by  certain  prescribed  gestures,  then  the  Quakers 
will  appear  to  have  contracted  much  rust,  and  to  have  an  indisput- 
able right  to  the  title  of  a  clownish  and  inflexible  people. 

I  must  observe  however  that  these  appearances,  though  they  may 
be  substantial  in  the  estimation  of  those  who  do  not  Imow  them, 
gradually  vanish  with  those  who  do.  Their  hospitality  in  their 
own  houses,  and  their  great  attention  and  kindness,  soon  force  out 
of  sight  all  ideas  of  uncourteousness.  Their  freedom  also  soon 
annihilates  those  of  stiffness  and  reserve.  Their  manners,  though 
they  have  not  the  polish  surface  of  those  which  are  usually  attached 
to  fashionable  life,  are  agreeable  when  known. 

There  is  one  trait  in  the  Quaker  manners  which  runs  through 
the  whole  society,  as  far  as  I  have  seen  in  their  houses,  and  which 
is   worthy   of  mention.     The   Quakers   appear  to  be   particularly 


230  APPENDEX. 

gratified  wlien  tliose  who  visit  tliem  ask  for  what  they  want.  In- 
stead of  considering  this  as  rudeness  or  intrusion,  they  esteem  it  as 
a  favor  done  them.  The  circumstance  of  asking,  on  such  an  occasion, 
is  to  them  a  proof  that  their  visitors  feel  themselves  at  home. 
Indeed  they  ahnost  always  desire  a  stranger  who  has  been  intro- 
duced to  them  "to  be  free."  This  is  their  usual  expression.  And 
if  he  assures  them  that  he  will,  and  they  find  him  asking  for  what 
he  wishes  to  have,  you  may  ))receive  in  their  countenances  the 
pleasure  which  his  conduct  has  given  them.  They  consider  him, 
when  he  has  used  this  freedom,  to  have  acted,  as  they  express  it, 
"kindly."  Nothing  can  be  more  truly  polite  than  that  conduct  to 
another,  by  which  he  shall  be  induced  to  feel  himself  as  comfortably 
situated  as  if  he  were  in  his  own  house. 

As  the  Quakers  desire  their  visitors  to  be  free,  and  to  do  as  they 
please,  so  they  do  not  fail  to  do  the  same  themselves,  never  regard- 
ing such  visitors  as  impediments  in  the  way  of  their  concerns. 
If  they  have  any  business  or  engagements  out  of  doors,  they  say  so 
and  go,  using  no  ceremony  and  but  few  words  as  an  apology.  Their 
visitors,  I  mean  such  as  stay  for  a  time  in  their  houses,  are  left  in 
the  interim  to  amuse  themselves  as  they  please.  This  is  peculiarly 
agreeable,  because  their  friends  know,  when  they  visit  them,  that 
they  neither  restrain,  nor  shackle,  nor  put  them  to  inconvenience. 
In  fact  it  may  be  truly  said  that  if  satisfaction  in  visiting  depends 
upon  a  man's  own  freedom  to  do  as  he  likes,  to  ask  and  call  for  what 
he  wants,  to  go  out  and  come  in  as  he  pleases;  and  if  it  depends 
also  on  the  knowledge  he  has,  that,  in  doing  all  these  things,  lie 
puts  no  person  out  of  his  way,  there  are  no  houses  where  people  will 
be  better  pleased  with  their  treatment  than  in  those  of  the  Quakers. 

The  Quakers,  as  a  religious  body,  agree  in  the  propriety  of  grace 
before  their  meals,  that  is,  in  the  propriety  of  giving  thanks  to  the 
author  of  every  good  gift  for  this  particular  bounty  of  his  provi- 
dence as  to  the  articles  of  their  daily  subsistence,  but  they  differ  as 
to  the  manner  and  seasonableness  of  it  on  such  occasions.  They 
think  that  people  who  are  in  tlie  habit  of  repeating  a  determined 
form  of  words,  may  cease  to  feel  as  they  pronounce  them,  in  wliich 
case  the  grace  becomes  an  ol)lation  from  the  tongue  but  not  from 
the  heart.  They  think  also  that  if  grace  is  to  be  repeated  regularly, 
just  as  the  victuals  come,  or  as  regularly  and  as  often  as  they  come 
upon  the  tal)le,  it  may  be  repeated  unseasonal)ly,  that  is  unseason- 


APPENDIX.  231 

ably  with  the  state  of  the  heart  of  him  who  is  to  pronounce  it;  that 
the  heart  of  man  is  not  today  as  it  was  yesterday,  nor  at  this  hour 
what  it  was  at  a  former,  nor  on  any  given  hour  alike  disposed ;  and 
that  if  this  grace  is  to  be  said  when  the  heart  is  gay,  or  light,  or 
volatile,  it  ceases  to  be  a  devotional  act,  and  becomes  at  least  a 
superfluous  and  unmeaning  if  not  a  censurable  form. 


CHAPTER    Aail. 

INDUCTION  AS  MINISTERS. 

The  manner  in  which  a  person,  male  or  female,  is  inducted  into 
the  ministry  is  also  peculiar. 

Any  member  has  a  right  to  rise  ^^p  in  the  meetings  for  worsbip, 
and  to  speak  publicly.  If  any  one,  therefore,  should  rise  up  and 
preach,  who  has  never  done  so  before,  he  is  heard.  The  congrega- 
tion are  all  witnesses  of  his  doctrine.  The  elders,  however,  who 
may  be  present,  and  to  whose  province  it  more  immediately  belongs 
to  judge  of  the  fitness  of  ministers,  observe  the  tenor  of  his  dis- 
course. They  watch  over  it  for  its  authority;  that  is,  they  judge 
by  its  spiritual  influence  on  the  mind,  whether  it  be  such  as  corre- 
sponds wdth  that  which  may  be  persumed  to  come  from  the  Spirit 
of  God.  If  the  new  preacher  delivers  any  thing  that  appears  excep- 
tional)le,  and  continues  to  do  so,  it  is  the  duty  of  the  elders  to  speak 
to  him  in  private,  and  to  desire  him  to  discontinue  his  services  to 
the  church.  But  if  nothing  exceptionable  occurs,  nothing  is  said 
to  him,  and  he  is  allowed  to  deliver  himself  publicly  at  future  meet- 
ings. In  process  of  time,  if,  after  repeated  attempts  in  the  office  of 
the  ministry,  the  new  preacher  should  have  given  satisfactory  proof 
of  his  gifts,  he  is  reported  to  the  monthly  meeting  to  which  he 
belongs.  And  this  meeting,  if  satisfied  with  his  ministry,  acknow- 
ledges him  as  a  minister,  and  then  recommends  him  to  the  meet- 
ing of  ministers  and  elders  belonging  to  the  same.  No  other  act 
than  this  is  requisite.  He  receives  no  verbal  or  written  appoint- 
ment or  power  for  the  execution  of  the  sacerdotal  ofiice.  It  may 
be  observed  also,  that  he  neither  gains  any  authority,  nor  loses  any 
privilege,  by  thus  becoming  a  minister  of  the  gospel.  Except,  while 
in  the  immediate  exercise  of  his  calling,  he  is  only  a  common  mem- 
ber.    He  receives  no  elevation  by  the  assumption  of  any  nominal 


232  APPENDIX. 

title,  to  distinguisli  him  from  the  rest.  Nor  is  he  elevated  by  tlio 
prospect  of  any  increase  to  his  worldly  goods  in  consequence  of  his 
new  office,  for  no  minister  in  this  society  receives  any  ])eeuniary 
emolution  for  his  spiritual  labors. 

When  ministers  are  thus  approved  and  acknowledged,  tliey  exor- 
cise the  sacred  ofHce  in  public  assemblies,  as  they  immediately  feel 
themselves  influenced  to  that  work.  They  may  engage,  also,  with 
the  approbation  of  their  own  monthly  meeting,  in  the  work  of  visit- 
ing such  Quaker  families  as  reside  in  the  county,  or  quarterly  meet- 
ing to  Avhich  they  lielong.  In  this  case  '  they  are  sometimes 
accompanied  by  one  of  the  elders  of  the  church.  These  visits  have 
the  name  of  family  visits,  and  are  conducted  in  the  following  man- 
ner : 

When  a  Quaker  minister,  after  having  commenced  his  journey, 
has  entered  the  house  of  the  first  family,  the  individual  members 
are  collected  to  receive  him.  They  then  sit  in  silence  for  a  time. 
As  he  believes  himself  concerned  to  speak,  he  delivers  that  which 
arises  in  his  mind  with  religious  freedom.  The  master,  the  wife, 
and  the  other  l^ranches  of  the  family,  are  sometimes  severally 
addressed.  Does  the  minister  feel  that  there  is  a  departure  in  any 
of  the  persons  present,  from  the  principles  or  practice  of  the  society, 
he  speaks,  if  he  believes  it  required  of  him,  to  these  points.  Is 
there  any  well  disposed  person  under  any  inward  discouragement, 
this  person  may  be  addressed  in  the  language  of  consolation.  All 
in  fact  are  exhorted  and  advised  as  their  several  circumstances  may 
seem  to  require.  When  the  religious  visit  is  over,  the  minister,  if 
there  be  occasion,  takes  some  little  refreshment  with  the  family, 
and  converses  Avith  them ;  but  no  light  or  trifling  subject  is  ever 
entered  upon  on  these  occasions.  From  one  family  he  passes  to 
another,  till  he  has  visited  all  the  families  in  the  district  for  whieli 
he  had  felt  a  concern. 

A  spirit  of  discernment  and  ])rop]iocy  seems  to  have  characterized 
the  ministry  of  many  preachers  among  Friends,  and  Mahlon 
Ilockett  was  noted  for  speaking  to  that  which  was  in  the  minds  of 
others,  and  telling  them  of  their  misdeeds.  On  one  occasion  tAvo 
ungodly  men  Avere  discussing  the  manner  in  Avhich  they  should 
spend  the  Sabbath  morning,  when  one  of  them  said,  "Let's  go  and 
hear  Avliat  oUl  Mahlon  has  to  say  to-day."  iVccordingly  they  Avent 
to  Springfield  meeting.     Soon  after  they  entered.  Mahlon.  fasten- 


APPENDIX.  233 

ing  his  eyes  upon  them,  arose  and  said,  "Well,  let's  go  and  hear 
what  old  Mahlon  has  to  say  to-day."  He  thus  gained  their  atten- 
tion, and  proceeded  to  preach  a  sermon  which  was  hlesscd  to  the 
good  of  their  souls. 

On  another  occasion  a  woman  entered,  while  he  was  preaching. 
He  stopped  a  moment,  looked  at  her,  and  remarked,  "Go  and  carry 
home  that  filling,  and  thou  shalt  have  peace  of  mind."  He  then 
proceeded  with  his  subject.  The  woman  took  home  the  filling, 
which  she  had  stolen  from  a  neighbor  for  whom  she  had  been  weav- 
ing, confessed  her  sin,  and  became  a  changed  character. 

Two  of  the  most  remarkable  prophecies  concerning  the  civil  war 
in  this  country  were  made  by  Joseph  Hoag.  He  was  born  of  Pres- 
byterian parents,  in  New  York,  in  1762.  He  became  a  Friend  and 
minister,  and  settled  at  Monkton,  A^t.  In  1820  he  was  traveling 
with  a  companion,  on  horseback,  visiting  the  meetings  of  Friends 
in  Pennsylvania.  As  they  were  riding  he  suddenly  stopped  his 
horse;  looking  around  him  and  then  down  to  the  gi'ound,  he  said 
to  liis  friend,  "My  horse's  feet  are  wading  in  blood,  even  to  the 
fetlocks."  Upon  this  very  ground,  forty-three  years  later,  was 
fought  the  terrible  battle  of  Gettysburg,  July  1,  2  and  3,  1863. 

Joseph  Hoag's  wonderful  vision  concerning  the  civil  war  and  the 
abolition  of  slavery  was  widely  published  long  before  the  war,  but 
it  should  have  a  place  here. 

VISION  OF  JOSEPH  HOAG. 

"In  the  year  1803,  probably  the  eighth  or  ninth  month,  I  was 
alone  in  the  fields  and  observed  that  the  sun  shone  clear,  but  that 
a  mist  eclipsed  the  brightness  of  its  shining.  As  I  reflected  upon 
the  singularity  of  the  event,  my  mind  was  drawn  into  silence  the 
most  solemn  I  ever  remember  to  have  witnessed,  for  it  seemed  as 
if  all  my  faculties  were  laid  low  and  unusually  brought  into  deep 
solemnity.  I  said  to  myself,  'What  can  all  this  mean?  I  do  not 
recollect  ever  before  to  have  been  sensible  of  such  feelings,'  and  I 
heard  a  voice  from  Heaven  say,  'This  that  thou  seest  which  dims 
the  brightness  of  the  sun,  is  a  sign  of  the  present  and  coming  times. 
I  took  the  forefathers  of  this  country  from  a  land  of  oppression ;  I 
planted  them  here  among  the  people  of  the  forest;  I  sustained 
them ;  and  while  they  were  humble  I  blessed  and  fed  them,  and  they 
became  a  numerous  people;  but  they  have  now  become  proud  and 


23-i  APPENDIX. 

lil'ted  up,  and  have  forgotten  Me  who  nourished  and  protected 
them  in  the  wilderness,  and  are  running  into  ever}^  abomination 
and  evil  practice  of  which  the  old  countries  are  guilty ;  I  have  taken 
quietude  from  the  land,  and  suffered  a  dividing  spirit  to  come 
among  them.     Lift  up  thine  eyes  and  behold.' 

''And  I  saw  them  dividing  in  great  heat.  This  division  began  in 
the  church  upon  points  of  doctrine.  It  commenced  in  the  Presby- 
terian Society  and  went  through  the  various  denominations,  and 
in  its  25 regress  and  close  its  effect  was  nearly  the  same.  Those  who 
dissented  went  off  with  high  heads  and  taunting  language,  and 
those  who  kept  to  the  original  sentiment  appeared  exercised  and 
sorrowful.  And  when  this  di\dding  spirit  entered  the  Society  of 
Friends  it  raged  in  as  high  a  degree  as  any  I  had  before  discovered ; 
and  as  before,  those  who  separated  went  away  with  lofty  looks  and 
taunting,  censuring  language,  while  those  who  kept  to  the  ancient 
principles  retired  by  themselves. 

"It  next  appeared  in  the  lodges  of  Free  Masons,  and  it  broke  out 
like  a  volcano,  insomuch  that  it  set  the  country  in  an  uproar  for  a 
length  of  time.  Then  it  entered  politics  throughout  the  United 
States,  and  it  did  not  stop  until  it  produced  civil  war,  and  an 
abundance  of  human  blood  was  shed  in  the  combat.  The  Southern 
States  lost  their  power,  and  slavery  was  annihilated  from  their 
borders."' 

No  one  day,  in  the  estimation  of  the  Quakers,  can  be  made 
by  human  appointment  either  more  holy  or  more  proper  for  worship 
than  another.  They  do  not  even  believe  that  the  Jewish  Sabbath, 
which  was  by  the  appointment  of  God,  continues  in  gospel  times, 
or  that  it  has  been  handed  down  by  divine  authority  as  the  true 
Sabbath  for  christians.  All  days  with  the  Quakers  are  equally- 
holy,  and  all  equally  proper  for  the  worsliip  of  God.  In  this 
opinion  they  coincide  with  the  ever  memorable  John  Hales.  "For 
prayer,  indeed,"  says  this  venerable  man,  "was  the  Sabbath  ordain- 
ed, yet  prayer  itself  is  Sabbathless,  and  admits  of  no  rest,  no  inter- 
mission at  all.  If  our  hands  l)e  clean,  we  must,  as  our  Apostle 
commands  us,  lift  them  up  everywhere,  at  all  times,  and  make  every 
place  a  church,  every  day  a  Sabbath-day,  every  hour  canonical.  Aa 
you  go  to  the  market,  as  you  stand  in  the  streets,  as  you  walk  in 
the  fields — in  all  these  places  you  may  pray  as  well,  and  with  as 
good  acceptance  as  in  the  church ;  for  you  yourselves  are  teniples^ 


APPENDIX. 


235 


of  the  holy  ghost,  if  the  grace  of  God  be  in  yon,  more  precions  tliau 
any  of  those  which  are  made  with  hands." 

Though,  however,  the  Quakers  iDclieve  no  one  day  in  the  sight 
of  God  to  be  holier  than  another,  and  no  one  capable  of  being 
rendered  so  by  human  authority,  yet  they  think  that  christians 
ought  to  assemble  for  the  public  worship  of  God.  They  think  they 
ought  to  bear  an  outward  and  public  testimony  for  God ;  and  this 
can  only  be  done  by  becoming  members  of  a  visible  church,  where 
they  may  be  seen  to  acknowledge  him  publicly  in  the  face  of  men. 
They  think,  also,  that  the  public  worship  of  God  increases,  as  it 
were,  the  fire  of  devotion,  and  enlarges  the  sphere  of  spiritual  life 
in  the  souls  of  men.  "God  causes  the  inward  life,"  says  Barclay, 
"the  more  to  abound  when  his  children  assemble  themselves  dili- 
gently together,  to  wait  upon  him ;  so  that  as  iron  sharpeneth  iron, 
the  seeing  the  faces  of  one  another,  when  both  are  inwardly  gathered 
unto  the  life,  giveth  occasion  for  the  life  secretly  to  rise,  and  to 
pass  from  vessel  to  vessel ;  and  as  many  candles  lighted  and  put  in 
one  place  do  greatly  augment  the  light  and  make  it  more  to  shine 
forth,  so  when  many  are  gathered  together  into  the  same  life,  there 
is  more  of  the  glory  of  God,  and  his  power  appears  to  the  refresh- 
ment of  each  individual;  for  that  he  partakes  not  only  of  the  light 
and  life  raised  in  himself,  but  in  all  the  rest.  And  therefore 
Christ  hath  particularly  promised  a  blessing  to  such  as  assemble 
in  his  name,  seeing  he  will  be  in  the  midst  of  them."  For  these 
and  other  reasons,  the  Quakers  think  it  proper  that  men  shot. Id 
be  drawn  together  to  the  public  worship  of  God;  but  if  so,  they 
must  be  drawn  together  at  certain  times.  Now,  as  one  day  has 
never  been,  in  the  eyes  of  the  Quakers,  more  desirable  for  such  an 
object  than  another,  their  ancestors  chose  the  first  day  in  the  week, 
because  the  apostles  had  chosen  it  for  the  religious  assembling  of 
themselves  and  their  followers.  And,  in  addition  to  this,  that 
more  frequent  opportunities  might  be  afforded  them  of  bearing 
their  outward  testimony  publicly  for  God,  and  of  enlarging  the 
sphere  of  their  spiritual  life,  they  appointed  a  meeting  on  one  other 
day  in  the  week  in  most  places,  and  two  in  some  others,  for  the 
same  purpose. 

They  believe  that  no  ground  can  be  made  holy,  and  therefore 
they  do  not  allow  the  places  on  which  their  meeting  houses  are  built 
to  be  consecrated  by  the  use  of  any  human  forms. 


236  APPENDIX. 

Their  meeting  houses  are  singularly  plain.  There  is  nothiug 
of  decoration  in  the  interior  of  them.  They  consist  of  a  number 
of  plain  long  benches  with  backs  to  them.  There  is  one  elevated 
seat  at  the  end  of  these.  This  is  for  their  ministers.  It  is  elevated 
for  no  other  reason  than  that  their  ministers  may  be  the  better 
licard. 

The  women  occupy  one-half  of  these  benches,  and  sit  apart  from 
the  men. 

These  benches  are  not  intersected  by  partitions.  Hence  there 
are  no  distinct  jdcws  for  the  families  of  the  rich,  or  of  such  as  can 
afford  to  pay  for  them ;  for,  in  the  first  place,  the  Quakers  pay  noth- 
ing for  their  seats  in  their  meeting  houses ;  and,  in  the  second,  they 
pay  no  respect  to  the  outward  condition  of  one  another.  If  they 
consider  themselves,  when  out  of  doors,  as  all  equal  to  one  another 
in  point  of  privileges,  much  more  do  they  abolish  all  distinctions, 
when  professedly  assembled  in  a  place  of  worship.  They  sit,  there- 
fore, in  their  meeting  houses  undistinguished  with  respect  to  their 
outward  circumstances,  as  the  children  of  the  same  great  parent, 
who  stand  equally  in  need  of  his  assistance ;  and  as  in  the  sight  of 
Him  who  is  no  respecter  of  persons,  but  who  made  of  one  blood  all 
the  nations  of  men  who  dwell  on  all  the  face  of  the  earth. 

The  Quaker  ministers  are  not  distinguishable,  when  in  their 
places  of  worship,  by  their  dress.  They  wear  neither  black  clbthes, 
nor  surplices,  nor  gowns,  nor  bands.  Jesus  Christ,  when  he 
preached  to  the  multitude,  is  not  recorded  to  have  put  on  a  dress 
different  from  that  which  he  wore  on  other  occasions.  Neither  do 
the  Quakers  believe  that  ministers  of  the  church  ought,  under  the 
new  dispensation,  to  be  a  separate  jieople,  as  the  Levites  were,  or 
to  be  distinguished  on  account  of  their  office  from  other  men. 


CHAPTEE   IX. 

THE   SACRAMENT  AND   BAPTISM. 

The  Quakers,  among  other  particularities,  reject  the  application 
of  water  baptism,  and  the  administration  of  the  Sacrament  of  the 
Supper,  as  christian  rites. 

These  ordinances  have  been  considered  by  many  as  so  essentially 
interwoven  with  Christianity,  that  the  Quakers,  by  rejecting  the  use 
of  them,  have  been  denied  to  be  christians. 


APPENDIX. 


237 


But  whatever  may  be  the  difference  of  opinion  between  the 
world  and  the  Quakers,  upon  these  subjects,  great  indulgence  is  due 
to  the  latter  on  this  occasion.  People  have  received  the  ordinances 
in  question  from  their  ancestors.  They  have  been  brought  up  to 
the  use  of  them.  They  have  seen  them  sanctioned  by  the  workl. 
Finding  their  authority  disputed  by  a  body  of  men,  who  are  insig- 
nificant as  to  numbers,  when  compared  with  others,  they  have  let 
loose  their  censure  upon  them,  and  this  without  any  inquiry  crm- 
cerning  the  grounds  of  their  dissent.  They  know  perhaps  nothing 
of  the  obstinate  contentions,  nothing  of  the  difficulties  which  have 
occurred,  and  nothing  of  those  which  may  still  be  started  on  these 
subjects. 

On  the  subject  of  the  sacrament  of  Supper,  similar  difficulties 
have  occurred. 

Jesus  Christ  unquestionably  permitted  his  disciples  to  meet  to- 
gether in  remembrance  of  their  last  supper  with  him.  But  it  is 
not  clear  that  this  was  any  other  than  a  permission  to  those  who 
were  present,  and  who  had  known  and  loved  him.  The  disciples 
were  not  ordered  to  go  into  all  nations  and  to  enjoin  it  to  their  con- 
verts to  observe  the  same  ceremony.  Neither  did  the  apostles  leave 
any  command  by  which  it  was  enjoined  as  an  ordinance  of  the  chris- 
tian church. 

Another  difficulty  which  has  arisen  on  the  subject  of  the  Supper, 
is,  that  christians  seem  so  little  to  have  understood  the  nature  of 
it,  or  in  what  it  consisted,  that  they  have  had,  in  different  ages, 
different  views  and  encouraged  different  doctrines  concerning  it. 
One  has  placed  it  in  one  thing  and  another  in  another.  Most  of 
them,  again,  have  attempted  in  their  explanation  of  it  to  blend  the 
enjoyment  of  the  spiritual  essence  with  that  of  the  corporeal  sub- 
stance of  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ,  and  thus  to  unite  a  spir- 
itual with  a  ceremonial  exercise  of  religion.  Grasping,  therefore, 
at  things  apparently  irreconcilable,  they  have  conceived  the  strang- 
est notions;  and,  by  giving  these  to  the  world,  they  have  only 
afforded  fuel  for  contention  among  themselves  and  others. 

In  the  time  of  the  apostles,  it  was  the  custom  of  converted  per- 
sons, grounded  on  the  circumstances  that  passed  at  the  Supper  of 
the  Passover,  to  meet  in  religious  communion.  They  used,  on  these 
occasions,  to  break  their  bread  and  take  their  refreshment  and  con-r 
verse  together.     The  object  of  these  meetings  was  to  imitate  the 


238  APPENDIX. 

last  friendly  supper  of  Jesus  with  his  disciples,  to  bear  a  public 
memorial  of  his  sufferings  and  death,  and  to  promote  their  love  for 
one  another.  But  this  custom  was  nothing  more,  as  far  as  evidence 
can  be  had,  than  that  of  a  brotherly  breaking  of  bread  together. 
It  was  no  sacramental  eating.  Neither  was  the  body  of  Jesus  sup- 
posed to  be  enjoyed,  nor  the  spiritual  enjoyment  of  it  to  consist  in 
the  partaking  of  this  outward  feast. 

In  the  process  of  time,  after  the  days  of  the  apostles,  when  this 
simple  custom  had  declined,  we  find  another  meeting  of  christians, 
in  imitation  of  that  at  the  Passover  Supper,  at  which  both  bread 
and  Avine  were  introduced.  This  different  commemoration  of  the 
same  event  had  a  new  name  given  to  it,  for  it  was  distinguished 
from  the  other  by  the  name  of  Eucharist. 

Another  difficulty,  but  of  a  different  nature,  has  occurred  with 
respect  to  the  Lord's  Supper.  This  has  arisen  from  the  circum- 
stance, that  other  ceremonies  were  enjoined  by  our  Saviour  in 
terms  equally  positive  as  tliis,  but  which  most  christians,  notwith- 
standing, have  thought  themselves  at  liberty  to  reject.  x\mong 
these  the  washing  of  feet  is  particularly  to  be  noticed.  This  cus- 
tom was  of  an  emblematic  nature.  It  was  enjoined  at  the  same 
time  as  that  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  and  on  the  same  occasion.  But 
it  was  enjoined  in  a  more  forcible  and  striking  manner.  The 
Sandimanians,  when  they  rose  into  a  society,  considered  the  in- 
junction for  this  ordinance  to  be  so  obligatory  that  they  dared  not 
disijense  with  it,  and,  therefore,  when  they  determined  to  celebrate 
the  Supper,  they  determined  that  the  washing  of  feet  should  be  an 
ordinance  of  their  church.  Most  other  christians,  however,  have 
dismissed  the  washing  of  feet  from  their  religious  observance.  The 
reason  given  has  principally  been,  that  it  was  an  eastern  custom, 
and  therefore  local.  To  this  the  answer  has  been,  that  the  Passover, 
fi'oni  whence  the  Lord's  Supper  is  taken,  was  an  eastern  custom  also, 
but  tbat  it  was  much  moi'e  local.  Travelers  of  different  nations 
had  their  feet  washed  for  them  in  the  east.  But  none  but  those  of 
the  circumcision  were  admitted  to  the  Passover  Supper.  If,  there- 
fore, the  injunction  relative  to  the  washing  of  feet  be  equally  strong 
with  that  relative  to  the  celebration  of  the  Supper,  it  has  been  pre- 
sumed that  both  ought  to  have  been  retained,  and,  if  one  has  been 
dispensed  with  on  account  of  its  locality,  that  both  ought  to  have 
been  discarded. 


APPENDIX, 


239 


In  conclusion  we  will  say.  that,  after  having  carefully  read  the 
record  of  this  singular  denomination,  one  cannot  fail  to  be  im- 
pressed with  their  loyalty  to  the  teachings  of  the  Bible,  as  they 
interpret  it.  If  we  were  asked,  What  has  Quakerism  done  for 
humanity  ?  our  answer  would  be,  a  great  deal.  First,  The  abandon- 
ment of  African  slavery  through  its  teaching.  Secondly,  It  has 
emphasized  the  great  idea  of  the  fatherhood  of  God,  and  the  broth- 
erhood of  man.  Lastly,  It  calls  for  "The  Simple  Life,"  antedating 
both  in  theory  and  practice  the  burden  of  this  popular  book  for 
over  two  hundred  and  fifty  years.  Are  not  the  teachings  of  such 
a  church  worthy  of  perpetuation  ?  We  think  so.  And  what  is  more 
to  the  point,  if  the  American  or  any  other  people  wish  to  practice 
"The  Simple  Life,"  let  them  become  conscientious  Quakers,  and  no 
modern  novel  will  be  necessary  to  show  them  the  way. 


APPENDIX    II. 


A  BRIEF  VIEW 

OF   THE 

DOCTRINES  OF   CHRISTIANITY^^ 

AS  SET  FORTH  IN  HOLY  SCRIPTURE 

AND  HELD  BY  THE 

SOCIETY   OF  FRIENDS. 


DECLARATION^  OF  FAITH. 

"We  believe  in  God,  the  Father  Almighty,  Maker  of  Heaven  and 
earth,  and  of  all  things  visible  and  invisible;  and  in  Jesus  Christ, 
His  only  Son,  our  Lord,  by  whom  He  created  all  things ;  and  in  the 
Holy  Ghost,  who  proceedeth  from  the  Father  and  the  Son;  and 
that  these  three,  the  Father,  and  the  Son,  and  the  Holy  Ghost,  are 
one  in  the  Eternal  Godhead. 

OUR  LORD  JESUS  CHRIST. 

"We  believe  that  Jesus  of  Nazareth  was  conceived  of  the  Holy 
Ghost  and  born  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  and  that  He  is  the  beloved 
and  only-begotten  Son  of  God,  in  whom  the  Father  is  well  pleased. 
We  believe  that  the  eternal  Word,  who  was  with  God,  and  was  God, 
was  made  flesh  and  dwelt  among  men  in  the  person  of  Him,  our 
Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ.  "In  Him  dweUeth  all  the  fulness 
of  the  God-head  bodily."  He  is  the  one  perfect  man,  who  hath 
fulfilled  all  righteousness,  and  who  was  in  all  points  tempted  like 
as  we  are,  yet  without  sin. 

We  believe  that  He  died  for  our  sins,  that  He  was  buried,  and 
rose  again  the  third  day,  that  He  ascended  into  Heaven,  and  is  on 
the  right  hand  of  God,  angels  and  authorities  and  powers  being 
made  subject  luito  Him.  He  is  the  one  ]\Iediator  between  God  and 
man,  our  Advocate  with  the  Father,  our  High-Priest  forever,  who 
is  able  to  save  them  to  the  uttermost  that  come  unto  God  by  Him, 
seeing  lie  ever  livetli  to  nuike  intercession  for  them.  He  baptizes 
with  the  Holy  Ghost.     He  is  the  Shepherd  and  Bishop  of  souls,. 

*  Taken  from  the  Book  of  Discipline  of  tlie  New  York  Yearly  Meeting. 


APPENDIX.  241 

the  Head  over  all  things  to  the  Church,  the  King  who  reigns  in 
righteousness,  the  Prince  of  Peace.  By  Him  the  world  shall  be 
judged  in  rigliteousness,  for  the  Father  judgeth  no  man,  but  hath 
committed  all  judgment  unto  the  Son,  that  all  men  should  honor 
the  Son,  even  as  they  honor  the  Father.  We  believe  in  the  Deity 
and  manhood  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and  that  His  willing  sacri- 
fice upon  the  cross  was  the  one  propitiation  and  atonement  for  the 
sins  of  the  whole  world,  wherein  God  hath  declared  His  righteous- 
ness, that  He  might  be  just,  and  the  justifier  of  him  that  believeth 
in  Jesus.  He  is  the  Lamb  of  God,  without  blemish  and  without 
spot,  with  whose  precious  blood  we  are  redeemed.  The  remission 
of  sins  which  any  partake  of  is  only  in  and  by  virtue  of  that  most 
satisfactory  sacrifice,  and  no  otherwise. 

We  reverently  confess  and  believe  that  divine  honor  and  worship 
are  due  to  the  Son  of  God,  and  that  He  is  in  true  faith  to  be  prayed 
unto,  and  the  name  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  called  upon,  as  the 
primitive  Christians  did,  and  that  we  cannot  acceptably  offer  up 
prayers  or  praises  to  God,  nor  receive  a  gracious  answer  or  blessing 
from  Him,  but  in  and  through  His  dear  Son. 

THE  HOLY  SPIRIT. 

We  believe  that  the  Holy  Ghost  is  in  the  unity  of  the  Eternal 
Godhead,  one  with  the  Father  and  the  Son ;  that  He  is  the  promise 
of  the  Father,  whom  C!hrist  declared  He  would  send  in  His  name; 
that  He  is  come  and  convicts  the  world  of  sin;  that  He  leads  to  re- 
pentance toward  God,  and  as  the  Gospel  is  kno^^ai,  to  faith  in  the 
Lord  Jesus  Christ.  Coming  in  the  name  and  in  the  authority  of 
the  risen  and  ascended  Saviour,  the  Holy  Spirit  is  the  most  precious 
pledge  of  His  continued  love  and  care.  He  glorifies  the  Saviour, 
and  takes  of  the  things  of  Christ  and  gives  them  as  a  realized  pos- 
session to  the  believing  soul.  He  dwells  in  the  hearts  of  believers 
according  to  the  promise  of  the  Saviour:  "I  will  pray  the  Father, 
and  He  shall  give  you  another  Comforter,  that  He  may  abide  with 
you  forever."  He  opens  to  them  the  truths  of  the  Gospel  as  set 
forth  in  Holy  Scripture,  and  as  they  exercise  faith,  guides,  sancti- 
fies, comforts,  and  supports  them. 

His  light  must  ever  be  distinguished,  both  from  the  conscience 
which  He  illumines,  and  from  the  natural  faculty  of  reason,  which, 
when  unsubjected  to  His  holy  infiuences,  is,  in  the  things  of  God, 
very  foolishness. 


242  APPENDIX. 

Wo  believe  that  the  qualification  for  the  Lord's  service  in  the 
enduenieut  of  power  for  His  work  is  bestowed  on  His  children 
through  the  reception  and  baptism  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 

The  Holy  Spirit  is  the  seal  of  reconciliation  to  the  humble  be- 
liever in  Jesus,  the  earnest  and  the  foretaste  of  the  full  commun- 
ion and  perfect  joy  which  are  reserved  for  them  that  endure  unto 
the  end. 

THE  HOLY  SCRIPTURES. 

It  has  ever  been,  and  still  is,  the  l)elief  of  the  Society  of  Friends 
that  the  Holy  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  Xew  Testament  were  given 
by  inspiration  of  God;  that,  therefore,  the  declarations  contained 
in  them  rest  on  the  authority  of  God  Himself,  and  that  there  can 
be  no  appeal  from  them  to  any  other  authority  whatsoever;  that 
they  are  able  to  make  wise  unto  salvation,  through  faith  which  is  in 
Christ  Jesus.  ''These  are  written  that  ye  might  believe  that  Jesus 
is  the  Christ,  the  Son  of  God ;  and  that  believing  ye  might  have  life 
through  His  name."  The  Scriptures  are  the  only  divinely  author- 
ized record  of  the  doctrines  which  we  are  bound  as  Christians  to  ac- 
cept, and  of  the  moral  principles  which  are  to  regulate  our  actions. 
No  one  can  be  required  to  believe  as  an  article  of  faith  any  doctrine 
which  is  not  contained  in  them,  and  whatsoever  any  one  says  or 
does  contrary  to  the  Scriptures,  though  under  profession  of  the  im- 
mediate guidance  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  must  be  reckoned  and  ac- 
counted a  delusion  of  the  Devil. 

man's  creation  and  fall. 

It  pleased  God,  in  His  wisdom  and  goodness,  to  create  man  out 
of  the  dust  of  the  earth,  and  to  breathe  into  his  nostrils  the  breath 
of  life,  so  that  man  became  a  "living  soul,"'  formed  after  the  image 
and  likeness  of  God,  capable  of  fulfilling  the  divine  law  and  of 
holding  communion  with  his  Maker.  Being  free  to  obey  or  to  dis- 
obey, under  the  temptation  of  Satan,  through  unbelief,  he  fell  into 
transgression,  and  thereby  lost  that  spiritual  life  of  righteousness 
in  which  he  was  created;  and  so  death  passed  upon  him  as  the  in- 
evital)le  consequence  of  his  sin.  As  the  children  of  fallen  Adam,  all 
mankind  bear  his  image  and  partake  of  his  nature;  and  until 
created  ancnv  in  Christ  Jesus  by  the  regenerating  power  of  the  Holy 
Spirit,  they  are  fallen,  degenerated,  and  dead  to  the  divine  life. 

But  while  we  hold  these  views  of  the  lost  condition  of  man  in  the 
fall,  we  rejoice  to  Ijelieve  that  sin  is  not  imputed  to  any  until  they 


APPENDIX.  243 

transgress  tlie  divine  law  after  sufficient  capacity  has  been  given 
to  understand  it,  and  that  infants,  though  inheriting  this  fallen 
nature,  are  saved,  in  the  infinite  mercy  of  God,  through  the  re- 
demption which  is  in  Christ  Jesus. 

JUSTIFICATION   AND   SANCTIFICATION. 

"God  so  loved  the  world  that  He  gave  His  only-begotten  Son,  that 
whosoever  believeth  in  Him  should  not  perish,  but  have  everlasting 
life." 

AVe  believe  that  justification  is  of  God's  free  grace,  through  which, 
upon  repentance  and  faith.  He  pardons  our  sins  and  accepts  us  as 
righteous  in  His  sight  for  the  sake  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ;  that 
it  is  received,  not  because  of  our  works,  but  of  our  acceptance  of 
God's  mercy  in  Christ  Jesus;  that  through  faith  in  Him  and  His 
atoning  blood,  the  guilt  of  sin  is  taken  away  and  we  stand  reconciled 
to  God. 

We  believe  that  in  connection  with  Justification  is  Regeneration ; 
that,  being  reconciled  to  God  by  the  death  of  His  Son,  we  are  saved 
by  His  life,  a  new  heart  is  given  and  new  desires,  old  things  are 
passed  away,  and  we  become  children  of  God  through  faith  in  Christ 
Jesus.  Sanctification,  or  being  made  holy,  is  experienced  in  con- 
nection with  Justification  in  so  far  that  every  pardoned  sinner,  on 
account  of  faith  in  Christ,  is  clothed  with  a  measure  of  His  right- 
eousness and  receives  the  promised  Holy  Spirit. 

The  provisions  of  God's  grace  are  sufficient  to  deliver  from  the 
power  of  evil,  as  well  as  from  the  guilt  of  sin,  and  to  enable  His 
believing  children  always  to  triumph  in  Christ.  This  is  to  be  ex- 
perienced by  faith :  "according  to  your  faith  be  it  unto  you."  "Wlio- 
ever  submits  himself  wholly  to  God,  believing  His  promises,  and 
exercises  faith  in  Christ  Jesus,  will  have  his  heart  continually 
cleansed  from  all  sin  by  His  precious  blood,  and  through  the  re- 
newing, refining  power  of  the  Holy  Spirit  be  brought  into  perfect 
conformity  to  the  will  of  God,  love  Him  with  all  his  heart,  mind, 
soul,  and  strength,  and  be  able  to  say  with  the  Apostle  Paul :  "The 
law  of  the  spirit  of  life  in  Christ  Jesus  hath  made  me  free  from  the 
law  of  sin  and  death."  "This  is  the  will  of  God,  even  your  sancti- 
fication," and  if  any  fall  short  of  this  experience,  it  is  because  they 
frustrate  the  grace  of  God. 


244:  APPENDIX. 

THE  RESURRECTIOX  AND  A  FINAL  JUDGMENT. 

We  believe,  according  to  the  Scriptures,  that  there  shall  be  a 
Eesvirrection  of  the  dead,  both  of  the  just  and  of  the  unjust,  and 
that  God  hath  appointed  a  day  in  which  He  will  judge  the  world 
in  righteousness  by  Jesus  Christ,  whom  He  hath  ordained.  For, 
as  saith  the  apostle,  "we  must  all  appear  before  the  Judgment-seat 
of  Christ,  that  every  one  may  receive  the  things  done  in  his  body 
according  to  that  he  hath  done,  whether  it  l)e  good  or  bad." 

AYe  believe  that  the  punishment  of  the  wicked,  and  the  blessed- 
ness of  the  righteous,  sha\l  be  alike  everlasting;  according  to  the 
declaration  of  our  adorable  Eedcemer,  to  whom  the  judgment  is 
committed,  "These  shall  go  away  into  everlasting  punishment,  but 
the  righteous  into  life  eternal." 

BAPTISM. 

"One  Lord,  one  Faith,  one  Baptism." 

"John  answered,  saying  unto  them  all.  I  indeed  baptize  you  with 
water;  1nit  one  mightier  than  I  cometh,  the  latchet  of  whose  shoes 
I  am  not  worthy  to  unloose:  He  shall  baptize  you  Avith  the  Holy 
Ghost,  and  with  fire." 

We  believe  the  one  baptism  of  the  Gospel  dispensation  is  that  of 
Christ,  who  baptizes  His  people  with  the  Holy  Ghost.  The  ordi- 
nances instituted  by  God  under  the  law  were  typical.  When 
Christ  the  great  Antitype  came  and  fulfilled  the  law,  He  took  away 
the  hand-writing  of  ordinances,  "nailing  it  to  His  cross,"  and  since 
He  opened  the  new  and  living  way  which  He  hath  consecrated  for 
us  through  the  Veil,  that  is  to  say  His  flesh,  we  have  access  by 
faith,  and  enter  into  the  holiest  by  the  blood  of  Jesus,  without  the 
intervention  of  priest  or  ordinance,  or  any  mediation,  but  that  of 
Him,  the  one  Mediator. 

We  believe  that  He  established  no  new  rite  or  ordinance,  and  that 
the  "one  baptism"  which  now  saveth,  and  which  is  essential  to  liv- 
ing membership  in  His  Church,  is  that  which  He  Himself  admin- 
isters as  the  glorious  Minister  of  the  sanctuary,  the  baptism  of  the 
Holy  Spirit,  as  saith  the  apostle,  "by  one  spirit  are  ye  all  baptized 
into  one  body."  It  is  only  under  this  baptism  that  any  can  be 
truly  made  members  of  the  one  family  of  the  redeemed,  or  be 
taught  to  understand  the  new  relation  to  which  God  has  called  them 
by  His  grace  under  this,  the  new  and  everlasting  covenant. 


APPENDIX. 


THE  SUPPER  OF  THE  LORD. 


245 


We  believe  that  the  true  Supper  of  the  Lord  is  the  Comuiunion 
which  His  believing  children  are  enabled  to  hold  with  Him, 
through  the  realization  of  the  presence  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  in 
their  hearts,  who  hath  cleansed  them  from  all.  sin,  through  the  of- 
fering of  His  body,  and  the  shedding  of  His  blood  upon  the  cross. 

This  communion  is  described  by  Him  in  the  words :  "Behold,  I 
stand  at  the  door  and  knock ;  if  any  man  hear  my  voice,  and  open 
the  door,  I  will  come  in  to  him,  and  sup  with  him,  and  he  with  me." 

We  believe  this  experience  to  be  essential  to  the  life  of  the  Chris- 
tian. It  is  only  in  the  strength  of  this  communion  that  he  can 
pursue  his  heavenward  journey,  or  bring  forth  fruit  unto  holi- 
ness; for,  saith  our  blessed  Lord,  "except  ye  eat  the  flesh  of  the 
Son  of  man  and  drink  His  blood,  ye  have  no  life  in  you." 

PUBLIC  WORSHIP. 

"God  is  a  Spirit,  and  they  that  worship  Him  must  worship  Him 
in  spirit  and  in  truth." 

Worship  is  the  adoring  response  of  the  heart  and  mind  to  the  in- 
fluence of  the  Spirit  of  God. 

Having  become  His  children  through  faith  in  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  it  is  our  privilege  to  meet  together  and  unite  in  the  wor- 
ship of  Almighty  God;  to  wait  upon  Him  for  the  renewal  of  our 
strength,  for  communion  one  with  another,  for  the  edification  of 
bel,ievers  in  the  exercise  of  spiritual  gifts,  and  for  the  declaration 
of  the  glad  tidings  of  salvation  to  the  unconverted  who  may  gather 
with  us.  By  the  immediate  operations  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  the 
Head  of  the  Church  alone  selects  and  qualifies  those  who  are  to  pre- 
sent His  messages,  or  engage  in  other  service  for  Him,  and  hence 
we  cannot  admit  of  a  formal  arrangement  of  exercises,  or  commit 
them  to  any  individual. 

We  believe  that  the  worship  of  any  heart  or  assembly  most  glori- 
fies God  which  most  perfectly  responds  to  the  promptings  of  His 
Spirit,  whether  it  be  in  vocal  service  or  in  silent  adoration. 

THE  MINISTRY. 

We  believe  the  preaching  of  the  Gospel  is  one  of  the  means 
divinely  appointed  for  the  spreading  of  the  glad  tidings  of  life  and 
salvation  through  our  crucified  Eedeemer.  for  the  awakening  and 


246  APPENDIX. 

conversion  of  sinners,  and  for  the  comfort  and  edification  of 
believers. 

As  it  is  the  preorgative  of  the  great  Head  of  the  Church  alone 
to  select  and  call  the  ministers  of  His  Gospel,  so  we  believe  both 
the  gift  and  the  qualification  to  exercise  it  must  be  derived  im- 
mediately from  Him ;  and  that,  as  in  the  primitive  Church,  so  now 
also,  He  confers  them  on  women  as  well  as  men,  agreeably  to  the 
prophecy  recited  by  the  Apostle  Peter:  "It  shall  come  to  pass  in 
the  last  days,  saith  God,  I  will  pour  out  of  my  Spirit  upon  all  flesh, 
and  your  sons  and  your  daughters  shall  prophesy;"'  respecting 
which  the  apostle  declares,  "The  promise  is  unto  you  and  your 
children,  and  to  all  that  are  afar  ofl^,  even  as  many  as  the  Lord  our 
God  shall  call."  As  this  gift  is  freely  received,  so  it  is  to  be  freely 
exercised,  in  simple  obedience  to  the  will  of  God. 

The  x\postle  Paul,  in  speaking  of  his  ministry,  declares,  "I  neither 
received  it  of  man,  neither  was  I  taught  it,  but  by  the  revelation 
of  Jesus  Christ ;"  that  the  exercise  of  it  was  not  in  the  words  which 
man's  wisdom  teacheth;  but  which  the  Holy  Ghost  teacheth; 
and  that  his  speech  and  his  preaching  was  not  with  enticing  words 
of  man's  wisdom,  but  in  demonstration  of  the  Spirit  and  of  power; 
that  the  faith  of  his  hearers  might  not  stand  in  the  wisdom  of  men, 
but  in  the  power  of  God.  Nothing  but  power  from  on  high,  re- 
newedly  furnished,  can  enal)le  men  to  preach  the  Gospel.    ■ 

While  the  Church  cannot  confer  spiritual  gifts,  it  is  its  duty  to 
recognize  and  foster  them,  and  to  promote  their  efficiency  by  all 
the  means  in  its  power.  And  while,  on  the  one  hand,  the  Gospel 
should  never  be  preached  for  money,  on  the  other  it  is  the  duty  of 
the  Church  to  make  such  provision  that  it  shall  never  be  hindered 
for  want  of  it. 

PRAYER. 

Prayer  is  the  result  of  a  feeling  of  need  and  dependence  upon 
God.  The  condition  of  heart  and  mind  which  cries,  in  substance, 
"God  1)0  merciful  to  me  a  sinner,"  must  precede  pardon  and  re- 
mission of  sins.  At  every  stage  prayer  is  essential  to  Christian 
life. 

We  believe  that  prayer  and  praise  are  indispensible  to  a  growth 
in  Grace,  and  for  a  qualification  for  those  duties  which  devolve 
upon  every  Christian;  that  without  these  any  religious  experience 
which  mav  have  been  gained  will  finallv  be  lost. 


APPENDIX.  247 

Without  prayer  there  can  be  no  acceptable  worship.  It  is  there- 
fore incumbent  upon  all  Christians,  in  their  meetings  especially, 
to  seek  after  Divine  help  to  offer  spiritual  sacrifices,  acceptable  to 
God,  by  Jesus  Christ.  Yocal  prayer  uttered  in  response  to  the 
promptings  of  the  Holy  Spirit  is  an  important  part  of  public  wor- 
ship; and  whenever  God's  people  meet  together  in  His  name,  they 
should  reverently  seek  unto  Him  in  united  prayer. 

We  would  encourage  parents  and  heads  of  families  to  be  faithful 
in  the  exercise  of  this  privilege  before  their  children  or  households. 
The  qualification  for  such  services  may  differ  in  degree  from  that 
which  should  be  looked  for  on  more  pul^lic  occasions.  The  sen^e 
of  need,  of  parental  responsibility,  of  the  priceless  value  of  the  souls 
entrusted  to  our  care,  not  only  warrants  liut  requires  such  acts  of 
dedication,  whilst  our  countless  blessings  claim  the  tribute  of  praise 
from  thankful  hearts. 

We  believe  the  spirit  of  prayer  and  thanksgiving  will  certainly 
be  bestowed  upon  us  if  we  duly  ask  for  it;  and  thus  to  ask  is  a 
prayer  which  may  safely  be  regarded  as  always  in  accordance  with 
the  Divine  will.  ''If  ye,  then,  being  evil,  know  how  to  give  good 
gifts  unto  your  children,  how  much  more  shall  your  Heavenly 
Father  give  the  Holy  Spirit  to  them  that  ask  Him.'' 

"I  wall,  therefore,  that  men  pray  everywhere,  lifting  up  holy 
hands,  without  Avrath  and  douliting." 

TESTIMONIES   CONCERNING  WAP,   AND  OATHS. 

^Yar. 

"'From  whence  comes  wars  and  fightings  among  you?  Come 
they  not  hence  even  of  your  lusts  that  war  in  your  members  ?" 

War  conflicts  with,  and  is  a  violation  of,  the  principles,  precepts, 
and  injunctions  of  the  Gospel,  which  breathe  peace  on  earth  and 
good-will  toward  men.  It  is  entirely  incompatible  with  the  com- 
mands of  our  holy  Eedeemer:  "^'I  say  unto  you  that  ye  resist  not 
evil" — ''Love  your  enemies,  bless  them  that  curse  you,  do  good  to 
them  that  hate  you,  and  pray  for  them  which  despitefully  use  you 
and  persecute  you;  that  ye  may  be  the  children  of  your  Father 
wliich  is  in  heaven :  for  He  maketh  His  sun  to  rise  on  the  evil  and 
on  the  good,  and  sendeth  rain  on  the  just  and  on  the  unjust." 

We  believe  that  the  emphatic  prayer  of  our  Lord,  "Forgive  us 
our  debts,  as  we  forgive  our  debtors,"  and  His  declaration,  "If  ye 


248  APPENDIX. 

forgive  not  men  tlieir  trespasses,  neither  will  vour  Father  forgive 
your  trespasses,"  continue  of  binding  force.  And  we  believe  that 
no  Divine  injunction  or  command  that  is  binding  upon  individuals, 
under  the  Christian  dispensation,  can  1)0  rendered  void  by  any 
number  of  individuals  in  a  collective  capacity  as  nations  or  other- 
wise. The  prophecy  which  fortold  the  coming  of  the  Messiah  de- 
clared him  to  be  the  Prince  of  Peace ;  and  His  birth  was  announced 
by  the  Heavenly  anthem,  "Glory  to  God  in  the  highest,  and  on 
earth  peace,  good-will  toward  men." 

Oaths. 

With  regard  to  Oaths,  we  believe  that  our  Lord  evidently  forbade 
a  kind  of  swearing  which  had  been  allowed  before :  "Ye  have  heard 
that  it  hath  been  said  by  them  of  old  time.  Thou  shalt  not  forswear 
thyself,  but  shalt  perform  unto  the  Lord  thine  oaths;  but  I  say 
unto  you.  swear  not  at  all,  neither  by  heaven,  for  it  is  God's  throne, 
nor  by  the  earth,  for  it  is  God's  footstool,  neither  l)y  Jerusalem, 
for  it  is  the  city  of  the  Great  King;  neither  shalt  thou  swear  by  thy 
head,  liecause  thou  canst  not  make  one  hair  white  nor  black ;  but  let 
your  communication  be  yea,  yea,  nay,  nay :  for  whatsoever  is  more 
than  these  cometh  of  evil."  And  the  Apostle  James  declared,  "But 
al)Ove  all  things,  my  brethren,  swear  not,  neither  by  heaven,  neither 
by  the  earth,  neither  by  any  other  oath;  but  let  your  yea  be  yea, 
and  your  nay  nay,  lest  ye  fall  into  condemnation." 

We  therefore  consider  the  prohibition  to  include  judicial  oaths, 
and  refuse  for  conscience'  sake,  either  to  administer  or  take  an  oath. 
In  courts  of  law  and  in  the  authentication  of  documents,  instead 
of  taking  an  oath  we  make  affirmation  to  the  truth  of  that  which 
we  assert. 


APPENDIX  III. 


DECLARATION  OF  FAITH. 

As  Stated  in  the  Epistle  of  George  Fox  to  the  Governor  of 
Barbadoes,  1671. 


For  the  Governor  of  Barbadoes,  with  his  Council  and  Assembly, 
and  all  others  in  power,  both  civil  and  military,  in  this  island,  from 
the  people  called  Quakers. 

Whereas,  Many  scandalous  lies  and  slanders  have  been  cast  upon 
us  to  render  us  odious,  as  thai?  we  deny  God,  Christ  Jesus,  and  the 
Scriptures  of  truth,  etc. :  This  is  to  inform  you  that  all  our  books 
and  declarations,  which  for  these  many  years  have  been  published 
to  the  world,  clearly  testify  the  contrary ;  yet  for  your  satisfaction 
we  now  plainly  and  sincerely  declare  that  we  own  and  believe  in  the 
only  wise,  omnipotent,  and  everlasting  God,  the  Creator  of  all 
things  in  heaven  and  in  earth,  and  the  Preserver  of  all  that  He  hath 
made ;  who  is  God  over  all,  blessed  forever ;  to  whom  be  all  honor, 
glory,  dominion,  praise,  and  thanksgiving,  both  now  and  for  ever- 
more. And  we  own  and  believe  in  Jesus  Christ,  His  beloved  and 
only-begotten  Son,  in  whom  He  is  well  pleased ;  who  was  conceived 
by  the  Holy  Ghost  and  born  of  the  Virgin  Mary ;  in  whom  we  have 
redemption  through  His  blood,  even  the  forgiveness  of  sins ;  who  is 
the  image  of  the  invisible  God.  the  first-born  of  every  creature,  by 
whom  were  all  things  created  that  are  in  heaven  and  in  earth,  vis- 
ible and  invisible,  whether  they  be  thrones,  dominions,  principal- 
ities, or  powers ;  all  tilings  were  created  by  Him.  And  we  own  and 
believe  that  He  was  made  a  sacrifice  for  sin,  who  knew  no  sin, 
neither  was  guile  found  in  His  mouth ;  that  He  was  crucified  for  us 
in  the  flesh  without  the  gates  of  Jerusalem;  and  that  He  was 
buried,  and  rose  again  the  third  day  by  the  power  of  His  Father 
for  our  justification;  and  that  He  ascended  up  into  heaven,  and 
now  sitteth  at  the  right  hand  of  God.  This  Jesus,  who  was  the 
foundation  of  the  holy  prophets  and  apostles,  is  our  foundation; 
and  we  believe  there  is  no  other  foundation  to  be  laid  but  that 
which  is  laid,  even  Christ  Jesus;  who  tasted  death  for  every  man, 
shed  His  blood  for  all  men,  is  the  propitiation  for  our  sins,  and  not 
for  ours  only,  but  also  for  the  sins  of  the  whole  world ;  according  as 


250  APPENDIX. 

Jolm  tlie  Baptist  testified  of  Him  when  he  said,  "Behokl  the  Lamb 
of  God,  which  taketh  away  the  sin  of  the  world,"'  John  i,  29.  We 
believe  that  ho  alone  is  our  Redeemer  and  Savioiir,  the  Captain  of 
our  salvation  (who  saves  us  from  sin,  as  well  as  from  hell  and  the 
wrath  to  come,  and  destroys  the  devil  and  his  works)  ;  He  is  the 
seed  of  the  woman  that  bruiseth  the  serpent's  head,  to  wit,  Christ 
Jesus,  the  Alplia  and  Omega,  the  First  and  the  Last;  He  is  (as  the 
Scriptures  of  truth  say  of  Him)  our  wisdom,  righteousness,  sanc- 
tification,  and  redemption;  neither  is  there  salvation  in  any  other, 
for  there  is  no  other  name  under  heaven  given  among  men  whereby 
we  must  be  saved.  He  alone  is  the  Shepherd  and  Bishop  of  our 
souls  ;  He  is  our  Prophet  whom  ]\Ioses  long  since  testified  of,  saying, 
"A  prophet  shall  the  Lord  your  God  raise  up  unto  you  of  your 
brethren,  like  unto  me;  Him  shall  ye  hear  in  all  things,  whatsoever 
He  shall  say  unto  you;  and  it  shall  come  to  pass  that  every  soul 
which  will  not  hear  that  Prophet  shall  be  destroyed  from  among 
the  people,"  Acts  ii,  22,  23.  He  it  is  that  is  now  come,  "and  hath 
given  us  an  understanding,  that  we  know  Him  that  is  true."  He 
rules  in  our  hearts  by  His  law  of  love  and  of  life,  and  makes  us  free 
from  the  law  of  sin  and  death.  We  have  no  life  but  by  Him,  for 
He  is  the  quickening  Spirit,  the  second  Adam,  the  Lord  from 
heaven,  by  whose  blood  we  are  cleansed,  and  our  consciences 
sprinkled  from  dead  works  to  serve  the  living  God.  He  is  our 
Mediator  that  makes  peace  and  reconciliation  between  God  offended 
and  us  offending;  He  being  the  Oath  of  God,  the  new  covenant  of 
light,  life,  grace,  and  peace,  the  author  and  finisher  of  our  faith. 
This  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  the  heavenly  man,  the  Emmanuel,  God 
wdth  us,  we  all  own  and  believe  in;  He  whom  the  highpriest  raged 
against  and  said  He  had  spoken  blasphemy ;  whom  the  priests  and 
elders  of  the  Jews  took  counsel  together  against  and  put  to  death ; 
the  same  whom  Judas  betrayed  for  thirty  pieces  of  silver,  which  the 
priest  gave  him  as  a  reward  for  his  treason;  who  also  gave  large 
money  to  the  soldiers  to  broach  an  horrible  lie,  namely,  "That  His 
disciples  came  and  stole  Him  away  by  night  whilst  they  slept." 
After  He  was  risen  from  tbe  dead,  the  history  of  the  Acts  of  the 
Apostles  sets  forth  how  the  chief  priests  and  elders  persecuted  the 
disciples  of  this  Jesus  for  preaching  Christ  and  His  resurrection. 
This,  we  say,  is  that  Lord  Jesus  Christ  whom  we  own  to  be  our  life 
and  salvation. 


APPENDIX, 


251 


Concerning  the  Holy  Scriptures,  we  believe  that  they  were  given 
forth  by  the  Holy  Spirit  of  God,  through  the  holy  men  of  God,  who 
(as  the  Scripture  itself  declares,  2  Peter  i.  21)  spake  as  they  were 
moved  by  the  Holy  Ghost.  We  believe  they  are  to  be  read,  believed 
and  fulfilled  (He  that  fulfils  them  is  Christ),  and  they  are  "profit- 
able for  doctrine,  for  reproof,  for  correction,  for  instruction  in 
righteousness,  that  the  man  of  God  may  be  perfect,  thoroughly  fur- 
nished unto  all  good  works,"  2  Tim.  iii.  16,  17 ;  and  are  able  to  make 
wise  unto  salvation,  "through  faith  which  is  in  Christ  Jesus." 

We  believe  the  Holy  Scriptures  are  the  words  of  God,  for  it  is 
said  in  Exodus  xx.  1,  "God  spake  all  these  words,  saying,"  etc., 
meaning  the  Ten  Commandments  given  forth  upon  Mount  Sinai; 
and  in  Kevelation  xxii.  18,  19,  saith  John,  "I  testify  unto  every 
man  that  heareth  the  words  of  the  prophecy  of  tliis  book.  If  any 
man  shall  add  unto  these  things."  "And  if  any  man  shall  take 
away  from  the  words  of  the  book  of  this  prophecy"  (not  the  word). 
So  in  Luke  i.  20,  "Because  thou  believest  not  my  words;"  and  in 
John  V.  47  ;  XV.  7 ;  xiv.  23 ;  xii.  47.  So  that  we  call  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures, as  Christ,  the  Apostles,  and  holy  men  of  God  called  them— 
the  words  of  God. 

We  declare  that  we  esteem  it  a  duty  incumbent  on  us  to  pray 
with  and  for,  to  teach,  instruct,  and  admonish  those  in  and  l^elong- 
ing  to  our  families.  This  being  a  command  of  the  Lord,  disobe- 
dience thereunto  will  provoke  His  displeasure,  as  may  be  seen  in 
Jeremiah  x.  25 :  "Pour  out  Thy  fury  upon  the  heathen  that  know 
Thee  not,  and  upon  the  families  that  call  not  upon  Thy  name." 
Now,  Negroes,  Tawnies,  and  Indians  make  up  a  veiy  great  part 
of  the  families  in  this  island,  for  whom  an  account  will  be  required 
by  Him  who  comes  to  judge  both  quick  and  dead,  at  the  great  day 
of  judgement,  when  every  one  shall  be  rewarded  according  to  the 
deeds  done  in  the  body,  whether  they  be  good  or  whether  they  be 
evil— at  that  day,  we  say,  of  the  resurrection  both  of  the  good  and 
of  the  bad,  of  the  just  and  the  unjust,  "when  the  Lord  Jesus  shall 
be  revealed  from  heaven  with  His  mighty  angels  in  flaming  fire, 
taking  vengeance  on  them  that  know  not  God  and  obey  not  the 
Gospel  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ ;  who  shall  be  punished  with  ever- 
lasting destruction  from  the  presence  of  the  Lord,  and  from  the 
glory  of  I-Iis  power;  when  He  shall  come  to  be  glorified  in  His 
Saints,  and  to  be  admired  in  all  them  that  believe  in  that  day." 
2  Thess.  i.  7,  10.     See  also  2  Peter  iii.  3,  7. 


APPENDIX  IV. 


PROMINENT  FAMILIES, 


THE  DAVIS  FAMILY. 

It  very  often  occurs  in  tracing  a  line  of  ancestors  that  an  author 
comes  into  possession  of  documents  not  contemplated  nor  contained 
in  official  records.  These  contributions,  possessing  all  the  charms 
of  variety,  include  also  the  value  of  original  documents,  are  mainly 
owing  to  data  in  the  possession  of  private  families,  descendants  of 
those  officially  mentioned  in  the  body  of  the  book.  The  compiler 
of  this  history  of  "Our  Quaker  Friends  of  Ye  Olden  Times"  is 
fortunate  in  this  respect,  for  contributions  from  unexpected  sources 
have  come  in  to  such  an  extent,  as  to  make  him  feel  the  embarrass- 
ment of  riches — so  much  so,  that  what  to  use  and  what  to  reject  is 
the  main  question,  for  to  use  all  would  swell  this  volume  to  un- 
wonted dimensions. 

However,  since  the  compilation  of  these  sketches  began,  we  have 
come  into  the  possession  of  documents  giving  so  fully  and  clearly 
the  genealogy  and  necrology  of  several  prominent  families  whose 
descendants  are  numerous  to-day,  that,  as  an  item  of  additional  in- 
terest to  the  book,  we  publish  them  in  full 

William  Davis,  Sr.,  son  of  John  Davis  and  Susanna  Smithson 
Davis,  was  born  August  13,  1755.  Married  Mary  Gosney,  born 
January  15,  1755,  located  in  Lynchburg.  Both  buried  at  South 
Eiver.     He  died  March  19,  1853. 

Micajah  Davis,  Sr.,  located  in  Bedford  county.  William  Davis, 
Jr.,  son  of  AVilliam  Davis,  Sr.,  born  July  3,  1770,  married  Zalinda 
Lynch,  daughter  of  John  Lynch,  the  founder  of  Lynchburg.  Both 
buried  at  Quaker  Meeting  House.  John  Davis,  son  of  William 
Davis,  Jr.,  was  born  September  24,  1774,  married  Hannah  An- 
thony, daughter  of  Christopber  Anthony,  July  7,  1805.  Eemoved 
to  Cincinnatti  in  1814,  died  August  13,  1830.  Thomas  Davis,  born 
February  18,  1777,  married  Eachel  Davis.  Micajah  Davis,  Jr.,  son 
of  Micajah  Davis,  Sr.,  born  May  24,  1779,  married  Mary  C.  Gwat- 
kin.  John  Davis,  son  of  Micajah  Davis,  Jr.,  married  Ann  Jen- 
nings. Henry  Davis,  born  November  21,  1779,  married  Sarah  An- 
thony, July  10,  1811,  died  December  11,  1863.  Susan  Davis,  born 
April  29,  1780,  died  unmarried.  Elizabeth,  born  December  5,  1782, 
died  unmarried.     Benjamin   Davis,   born  June   5,   1785,   married 


APPENDIX. 


253 


Cathariue   Gilbert,    (date  not  given).     Isaac  Joseph  Davis,  born 
November  10,  1788,  died  unmarried.     Mary  Davis,  born  March  25, 
1790,  married  Cornelius  Pierce,    (no  date  given).     Nancy  Davis, 
born  October  26,  1792,  married  Peter  Dudley,  January  31,  1814. 
Louisa   Davis,   born    March   4,    1795,    died   unmarried.     Deborah 
Davis,  bom  April,  25,   1797,  unmarried.     Samuel  and  John  and 
Sarah  Lynch  Davis,  never  married.  Mary  Annis  Davis,  born  Febru- 
ary 26,  1805,  married  Eobinson  Stabler,  of  Alexandria,  Va.,  in  ISTo- 
vember,  1828.  Ann  Maria  Davis,  born  February  26,  1806,   (these 
were  twins),  married  Achilles  Pugh,   of   Cincinnati,   August  23, 
1832,  died  February  14,  1877.  Mary  Jordan  Davis,  born  October  10, 
1808,  married  Caleb  Taylor,  of  Cincinnati,  January  1,  1830,  died 
May  9,  1875.     Samuel,   (second)   born  August  12,  1809,  married 
Eebecca  Wallace,  of  Eushville,  Ind.,  died  July  2,   1887.     Sarah 
Annis  Davis,  born  March  8,  1811,  married  Hugh  Smith,  of  In- 
dianapolis, Ind.,  died  in  November,  1888.     Charlotte,  born  Febru- 
ary 21,  1813,  died  September  16,  1888.     William,  born  March  23, 
1815,  died  in  1837.     John,  born  April  15,  1818,  died  in  October, 
1832.     Charles,  born  July  11,  1820,  died  in  1836.     Hannah  Davis, 
born  October  21,  1823,  married  Henry  Stagg,  of  St.  Louis,  in  1842. 
All  these,  beginning  with  Mary  Annis  Davis,  who  married  Achilles 
Pugh,  of  Cincinnati,  were  descendants  of  John  Davis  and  Hannah 
Anthony,  who  moved  to  Cincinnati  in  1814. 

Family  of  Samuel  Davis. — Married  Anne  Lipscombe,  August 
15,  1769,  who  located  near  Green  Springs,  Louisa  county,  who  after- 
wards moved  to  Bedford  county,  where  he  died  in  1779.  First, 
Samuel  Lipscombe  Davis,  who  died  young;  second,  George  Dixon 
Davis,  born  June  10,  1805,  and  died  in  1840.  He  married  Mary  A. 
Wills,  March  4,  1840,  and  died  in  1879.  Fourth,  John  Thomas 
Davis,  who  married  Margaret  Preston  (no  dates  given).  All  buried 
at  Quaker  Meeting  House. 

Family  of  Thomas  Davis. — Born  February  18,  1877,  and  mar- 
ried Eachel  Davis.  Children :  First,  Annis  Elizabeth,  who  married 
Pleasant  Preston.  Second,  Micajah,  who  married,  first,  Mary  E. 
Phi\lips,  and  then  Sallie  W.  Seldon,  who  died  in  1884.  Third, 
Zalinda  Lynch  Davis,  who  married  Frazier  0.  Stratton. 

Children  of  Micajah  Davis. — Married  Mary  C.  Gwatkin. 
First,  William,  who  married  a  Miss  Alexander,  (first  name  not 
given).     Second,  Charles,  died  unmarried.     Third,  Samuel  Gwat- 


254  APPENDIX. 

kin,  immarried.  Fourth,  John  Gvvatkiu,  unmarried.  Fifth,  Mary 
Annis,  unmarried.  Sixtli,  Margaret,  unmarried.  The  family  of 
this  Micajah  Davis,  unless  William  Davis  left  issue  by  his  mar- 
riage with  Miss  Alexander,  became  extinct. 

Childkex  of  John  Davis,  who  Markied  Axn  Jennings. — 
First,  William  Minor  Davis,  who  married  ^^annie  Hunter  Eubank. 
Second,  Christopher  Davis,  who  married,  but  name  of  wife  is  not 
given.     Third,  Mary  Jane  Davis,  who  married  John  Henry. 

Children  of  Henry  Davis,  born  Xovember  21,  1T79,  and  mar- 
ried Sarah  Anthony,  July  10,  1811.  First,  Samuel  Anthony  Davis, 
married,  hut  name  of  wife  not  given,  died  September  13,  1821. 
Second,  William  Henry  Davis,  born  December  23,  1802,  died 
x\ugust  6,  1803.  Third,  Mary,  born  July  26,  1804,  married,  but 
husband's  name  not  given.  Fourth,  Charles,  born  Xovember  30, 
1806.  Fifth,  Sarah  A.  Davis,  born  January  9,  1811,  married  first, 
William  Smith,  and  secondly,  Rev.  Franklin  G.  Smith,  rector  of 
St.  Paul's  Episcopal  Church,  Lynchburg,  May  29,  1838,  and  moved 
to  Columbia,  Tennessee,  in  January,  1871.  Sixth,  James  Davis, 
born  September  16,  1813,  married,  but  wife's  name  not  given. 
Seventh,  Robert  Jordan  Davis,  born  August  13,  1815,  and  married 
Ann  Cabell,  of  Amherst  county,  Ya.  Eighth,  Alexander  Chris- 
topher Davis,  born  December  12,  1817,  wife's  name  not  given. 
Xinth,  James  Frederick  Davis,  born  May  23,  1820,  died  in  infancy. 
Tenth,  Lucy  Elizabeth  Davis,  born  March  23,  1822,  married 
William  Tudor  Yancey,  dates  of  marriage  and  death  not  given. 

Children  of  Mary  Davis,  born  March  25,  1790,  who  married 
Cornelius  Pierce :  Mary  Pierce,  who  married  Benjamin  Brown ; 
Susan,  who  married  James  D.  Taylor;  Louisa,  who  married  Luns- 
ford  Lomax  Loving  Eobinson,  name  of  wife  not  given. 

Children  of  Nancy  Davis,  who  married  Peter  Dudley:  John 
W.,  who  married  Andalusia  Fourqueron,  both  of  whom  died  in 
1878;  Thonuis  Stevens,  who  died  unmarried;  Mary  Elizabeth,  who 
married  Capt.  Thomas  AV.  Johns;  Fanny  Jane,  who  married  James 
F.  Payne;  Nancy  Davis,  died  in  infancy;  Peter  L.,  who  married 
Elizabeth  Saunders;  Henry  D.,  died  in  San  Francisco,  unmarried; 
Louisa  S.,  died  in  infancy ;  Deborah  Ann,  who  married  Rev.  W.  H. 
Kinckle  in  Lynchburg;  Maria  Rose,  who  married  J.  Edward  Cal- 
houn, and  Robert  L.,  no  record. 


APPENDIX. 


255 


Children  of  Samuel  Davis,  son  of  Evan  Davis,  of  Georgia,  who 
moved  to  Kentucky:  Hon.  Jefferson  Davis,  U.  S.  Senator,  Secre- 
tary of  War,  President  of  Confederate  States,  born  in  Christian 
county,  1808,  first  married  Pocahontas  Taylor,  daughter  of  Gen. 
Zachary  Taylor,  secondly,  Miss  Elizabeth  Hayes,  died  December 
11,  1889. 

Children  of  Ann  Maria  Davis,  who  married  Achilles  Pugh,  of 
Cincimiati,  Ohio,  in  1832:  Esther  Pugh,  born  August  31,  1834, 
never  married;  John  Davis  Pugh,  born  March  10,  1838,  married 
Laura  Fay;  Mary  Taylor  Pugh,  born  September  26,  1840,  married 
John  Widman,  November  29,  1865;  Achiljes  H.,  born  November 
24,  1846,  married  Mary  L.  Darr,  June  14,  1875. 

Children  of  Mary  Jordan  Davis,  who  married  Caleb  Taylor, 
of  Cincinnati:  Hanna  Taylor,  born  September  2,  1832,  married 
Murray  Shipley,  May  22,  1851,  died  November  19,  1871 ;  William 
H.,  M.  D.,  born  December  25,  1836,  married  first,  Charlotte  French, 
December  17,  1861,  secondly,  Mary  Haines,  1871,  thirdly,  Helen 
Collord,  1880;  Elizabeth  L.  Taylor,  born  January  27,  1839,  married 
George  Dean,  July  25,  1868;  Ann  M.,  born  June  20,  1841,  married 
E.  L.  Johnson,  October  27,  1864. 

Children  of  Samuel  Davis  and  Eebeccah  (Wallace)  Davis: 
John  Wallace  Davis,  born  in  1841,  married  iu  St.  Louis;  Charles 
H.,  married  Florence  Stagg,  of  St.  Louis ;  Ellen  H.,  born  in  1844, 
married  Charles  Braithwait,  of  Kendall,  England,  living  there  now ; 
Caleb  T.  lives  in  St  Louis. 

Children  of  Sarah  Annis  Davis,  who  married  Hugh  Smith, 
of  Indianapolis:  Colonna  Smith,  who  died  young;  Anna  Mary 
Smith,  unmarried. 

Children  of  Hannah  Davis,  who  married  Henry  Stagg,  of 
St.  Louis  in  1842.  First,  Charles  Henry,  (no  dates).  Second, 
Virginia  Isabella,  married  "Moses"  Forbes.  Third,  William 
Stagg,  married,  living  in  Springfield,  Mo.  Fourth,  Charlotte,  noth- 
ing recorded.     Fifth,  Henry,  nothing  recorded. 

Children  of  George  Dixon  Davis,  who  married  Mary  Ann 
Wills,  March  4,  1840.  First,  John  W.,  born  April  20,  died  May 
18,  1869.  Second,  Thomas  Dixon,  born  April  16,  1841.  Third, 
Mary  Virginia,  born  March  7,  1845,  who  married  P.  A.  Krise, 
Lynchburg,  Va.,  September  30,  1868.     Fourth,  Alice  Smith,  born 


25  G  APPENDIX. 

January  3,  1847.  Fifth,  George  W.,  died  in  infancy.  Sixth, 
Eachel  Ellen,  died  young.  Seventh,  Samuel  B.,  died  in  his  24th 
year.  Eighth,  Micajah  Preston,  born  xVpril  21,  1855,  married 
Maude  Mathews.  Ninth,  Creed  Wills,  born  June  12,  1857,  mar- 
ried Jennie  Lybrook,  August  18,  1885.  Tenth,  Eichard  Taylor, 
born  August  23,  1863,  died  in  infancy. 

Children  of  John  Thomas  Davis,  who  married  Margaret 
Preston:  First,  Mary  Elizabeth,  who  married  Camillus  Christian. 
Second,  j\Iargaret  Preston.  Third,  Thomas,  killed  during  Civil 
War. 

Children  of  Annis  Elizabeth  Davis,  who  married  Pleasant 
Preston.  First,  Samuel  D.,  who  married  Miss  Saunders.  Second, 
Thomas  S.,  who  married  Miss  Xannie  Preston.  Third,  Elizabeth, 
no  record.  Fourth,  John  B.  Prof.,  Bowling  Green,  Ky.  Fifth, 
George,  lived  and  died  in  Lynchburg.  Sixth,  Pleasant,  married, 
name  not  given. 

Children  of  Micajah  Davis,  who  married,  first,  Ellen  E. 
Phillips,  secondly,  SalUe  W.  Selden  in  1884.  First,  Thomas  Ed- 
ward, lives  in  New  Orleans,  married  Mollie  Moore,  of  Texas. 
Second,  Mary  Annis,  married  W.  W.  Berry,  died  without  issue. 
Third,  Samuel  Phil.lips,  married  Laura  West,  of  Belleville,  111. 
Fourth,  John  Micajah,  married  Jennie  Phillips,  of  Memphis,  Tenn. 

Children  of  Zalinda  Lynch  Davis,  who  married  F.  0.  Strat- 
ton.  First,  Nannie  E.,  married  Dr.  Marcellus  Christian,  of  U.  S. 
and  C.  S.  navies.  Second,  Ellen  Beaufort,  married  Eev.  E.  S. 
Gregory.     Third,  George  Wadsworth,  married  Clara  Hoffman. 

Children  of  William  Minor  Davis,  who  married  Nannie 
Hunter  Eubank.  First,  Thomas  N.  Davis,  born  May  7,  1842,  mar- 
ried V.  Blanche  Thompson,  February  11,  1874.  Second,  Jane 
Minor,  changed  to  Jane  Eubank. 

Children  of  Christopher  Davis.  First,  Margaret  Newman 
Davis,  married  Charles  P.  Hendricks.     Second,  Friend  W.  Davis. 

Children  of  Mary  Jane  Davis,  who  married  John  Henry. 
First,  John  Henry.  Second,  William  D.  Henry.  Third,  Kinckle 
Henry,  died  in  infancy. 

Children  of  Mary  Davis,  who  married  Cornelius  Pierce.  First, 
j\Iary  Puree,  married  Benjamin  Brown.  Second,  Susan,  married 
James  D.  Taylor.  Third,  Louisa,  who  married  L.  L.  Loving- 
Fourth,  Eobinson. 


APPENDIX. 


257 


Grandchildren  of  Nancy  Davis,  who  married  Peter  Dudley, 
January  31,  1814.  First,  Ellen  Dudley,  who  married  William  A. 
AVebb.  Second,  Eliza  F.,  married  W.  L.  Mallory.  Third,  Thomas 
E.,  who  never  married.  W.  B.  Dudley,  never  married;  John  M. 
Dudley,  never  married;  Andalusia  married  F.  D.  Tullidge;  Nancy 
married  Jolin  Taylor;  Peter  E.,  married  Mary  Shaw;  George  E., 
married  Annie  Bachman;  James  Saunders  Dudley,  married  Helen 
Younger;  William  Henry  Dudley,  no  record;  Grace  D.  Kinckle, 
married  W.  S.  Adams. 

Grandchildren  of  Anna  Maria  Davis,  who  married  A.  D. 
Pugh,  of  Cincinnati.  First,  Achilles  H.,  born  March  13,  1876. 
Second,  Therese  Josephine,  born  October  31,  1879. 

Grandchildren  of  Mart  Jordan  Davis,  who  married  Caleb 
Taylor,  of  Cincinnati,  in  1830.  First,  Mary  L.  Shipley,  born 
October  23,  1883.     Second,  Anna  Charlotte,  born  May  18,  1885. 

[Note. — The  name  of  Minor,  which  frequently  is  found  in  con- 
nection with  the  names  of  the  Davises,  is  not  a  family  name,  but 
was  first  used  as  a  designation  to  indicate  minority,  and  was  after- 
wards used  as  a  middle  name.  In  closing  this  list  of  the  Davis 
family  we  have  followed  copy  furnished  the  editor,  and  whatever 
mistakes  may  have  been  made,  we  flatter  ourselves  that  this  record 
for  accuracy,  at  least,  cannot  be  well  surpassed  in  such  a  multitude 
of  names.  It  wil,l  be  noted  also  that  the  ancestry  of  such  distin- 
guished men  as  Jefferson  Davis,  Mark  Hanna  and  many  others 
reaching  as  far  back  as  the  third  and  fourth  generations  will  be 
found  in  this  list.] 

THE  JORDAN  FAMILY. 

No  family  in  the  state  perhaps  has  a  more  undisputed  and  clearer 
line  of  descent,  than  that  of  Jordan.  Beginning  with  Samuel  Jor- 
dan, who  was  wrecked  on  the  Vext  Bermoothes  in  1608,  with  Sir 
George  Somers,  arrived  in  Jamestown  in  1609.  Member  of  House 
of  Burgesses,  mentioned  in  census  of  1623.  Also  two  daughters 
by  his  wife  Cicely,  Mary  and  Margaret,  aged  two  and  four  years. 
We  have  an  almost  unbroken  record  terminating  with  James  Eobert 
Jordan  in  1872,  a  long  period  of  172  years,  beginning  with  Thomas 
Jordan,  his  son. 

Here  is  the  record  as  we  find  it :  Thomas  Jordan,  son  of  Samuel, 
bom  1600;  married;  wife's  name  not  given;  was  a  soldier  under 


258  APPENDIX. 

Yeardl}';  had  a  land  grant  IGSi;  a  member  of  House  of  Burgesses. 
Then  conies  the  following  entry:  Samuel,  of  1632,  and  liobert 
killed  by  Indians  in  great  massacre  of  1622.  They  left  the  follow- 
ing children:  Richard,  living  in  1679;  had  a  son  living  in  1739; 
also  John  and  Nicholas.  Then  comes  Thomas  Jordan,  born  in 
1634,  who  married  Margaret  Brasheres,  and  died  in  1699.  He 
was  a  son  of  Thomas  Jordan,  who  served  under  Yeardley.  He 
left  the  following  children :  Thomas  Jordan,  born  6th  of  January, 
1660,  who  married  EHzabeth  Burgh  1679;  John,  born  1663, 
married  Margaret  Burgh,  1688;  James,  1665,  married  Elizabeth 
Eatcliffe,  1688;  died  1695;  Robert,  born  July  11th,  1688,  Minister 
Society  of  Friends,  married  Christian  Outland  1687,  married  again 
Mary  Bolson  1690.     Four  other  children,  no  names  or  dates  given. 

James  Jordan  (brother),  bom  11th  month,  23d,  1665;  married 
Ann  Eatcliffe,   3d  month,   29th,   1688.     Children  of  same:  first, 

John  Jordan,  born  1689;  second,  Elizabeth,  married  Scott; 

James  (twin  brother),  horn  1689,  died  1782,  aged  93. 

The  children  by  the  marriages  of  Eichard  and  James  Jordan 
bring  us  in  unbroken  succession  until  we  reach  the  official  records 
of  the  Quaker  churches  given  in  the  body  of  this  book.  Hence  we 
close  the  record  here  at  1690,  215  years  ago. 

THE  LYNCH,  CLARK  AND  MOORMAN    FAMILIES. 

As  might  have  been  anticipated,  these  large  and  influential 
families,  most  of  whom,  with  the  exception  of  the  Lynch  family, 
were  Friends,  figure  prominently  in  the  history  of  Our  Quaker 
Friends  of  Ye  Olden  Times.  As  is  well  known,  the  Lynch  family 
came  from  Ireland  and  were  Catholics. 

Beginning  with  Col.  Charles  Lynch,  of  T^yuch  law  fame,  we  have 
the  following  record.  He  was  born  in  1736,  married  Anna  Terrell 
January  12,  1755;  died  October  29,  1796.  His  children:  First, 
diaries,  who  married  Sarah  Adams,  his  first  cousin.  Second, 
Anselm.  who  married  Mrs.  Susan  Baldwin  (nee  Miller),  in  1799: 
he  was  boni  June  8th,  1764,  died  February  18,  1826.  Third,  Capt. 
"Staunton"  John  Lyncli,  born  in  1767;  married  his  first  cousin, 
Anna  Ten-ell,  and  died  in  Tennessee  in  1840.  Christopher,  never 
married.  Sally  Lynch,  married  her  first  cousin,  Capt.  Chas. 
Lynch  Terrell.  Sarah  Lynch,  born  in  1738;  married  Micajah 
Terrell  in  1754,  John  T^ynch,  the  re])uted  founder  of  Lynchburg, 


APPENDIX. 


259 


was  born  in  1740;  niarned  Mary  Bowles;  died  in  1820,  leaving  a 
largo  family.  First,  Mattida  (evidently  Matilda),  born  in  1769; 
married  Enocli  Eo])ert.s  1789.  Second,  Zalinda,  born  February 
6th,  1773;  married  William  Davis,  Jr.,  May  13,  1793.  Third,  Ed- 
ward B.,  born  in  1774;  married  Mary  Terrell  in  1796,  and  died  in 
Waynesville.  Sarah,  born  in  1777,  died  in  1704.  John,  born  in 
1779.  Hannah,  who  died  in  1817.  Christopher,  born  1782.  Mary, 
born  in  1784,  married  Alexander  Liggatt.  Charles  Clark  Lynch, 
born  in  1787,  died  in  1814.  Anselm,  bom  in  1793,  also  died  in 
1814.  Howard,  born  in  1796.  William,  married  Jane  Humphrey. 
Micajah,  married  Ann  ]\Ioorman.  Penelope,  daughter  of  Chris- 
topher Lynch,  who  married  Ann  Ward,  died  unmarried.  Eecur- 
ring  to  the  descendants  of  John  Lynch,  and  beginning  with  Ed- 
ward B.  Lynch,  who  married  Mary  Terrell,  we  find  the  following 
list  of  children:  Chas.  Edward,  born  October  30,  1804;  Chris- 
topher, born  in  1807;  Mary,  born  in  1808;  Matilda,  born  in  1811, 
married  Chas.  Albert  Withers;  Elizabeth  Ann,  Born'm^TSl'S, 
married  DrrEichardTretlow,  of  Covington,  Ky. 

THE  CLARK  FAMILY. 

Another  family,  with  a  well  kept  record,  is  that  of  the  Clarks. 
Beginning  with  Micajah  Clark,  born  Septeml)er  16th,  1718,  and 
Judith  (Adams),  his  Avife,  we  have  an  almost  unbroken  record  for 
187  years.  To  give  this  entire  record,  would  require  space  suf- 
ficient for  a  volume  in  itself,  and  we  must  content  ourselves  with 
an  abridgement  to  points  of  special  interest,  such  as  an  account  of 
their  marriages  into  other  prominent  families  of  today,  etc.  We 
find  then,  that  Elizabeth  Clark,  evidently  a  sister  of  Micajah 
Clark,  born  May  2,  1713,  married  Joseph  Anthony,  April  22,  1741, 
who  died  November  23,  1785.  It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  Mark 
Anthony  Haden,  living  near  Evington,  Campbell  county,  Vir- 
ginia, and  John  Anthony,  near  Cascade,  Virginia,  are  lineal  descen- 
dants in  the  sixth  generation  of  this  Joseph  Anthony.  We  also 
find  the  Anthonys  and  their  descendants  inter-married  with  the 
Moormans,  the  Lynches,  Pendletons,  Couches,  Winstons,  Davises, 
Terrells,  Garlands,  Eandolphs  and  Baldwins.  But  as  many  of 
these  facts  are  briefly  related  in  the  body  of  this  book,  we  omit  them 
here. 


260  APPENDIX. 


THE  TERRELL  FAMILY. 

Accordino;  to  historical  and  traditional  evidence,  the  family  of 
Terrell  is  of  Anglo-Xorman  origin,  and  was  founded  in  England  by 
Sir  Walter  Tyrrell,  a  Norman  Knight,  about  1066,  when  William 
the  Conqueror  took  possession  of  that  country.  The  ancient  ortho- 
graphy of  the  name  was  Tyrell,  Terrail,  Tyrrell,  etc.,  until  the 
fonn  of  Terrell  was  adopted  by  our  direct  ancestors  several  centu- 
ries ago,  and  the  name  has  generally  been  so  spelled  to  the  present 
day,  though  some  of  the  branches  use  the  form  of  Terrill. 

From  this  old  Anglo-Norman  stock  descended  three  brothers 
named  William,  James  and  John  Terrell,  of  English  birth,  wlio, 
during  the  Protectorate  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  being  Quakers  and 
grievously  persecuted  on  account  of  their  religion,  passed  over 
into  Ireland  as  English  colonists  "within  the  Pale,"  and  after  a 
temporary  residence  emigrated  from  thence  to  America,  the  date 
being  some  time  between  the  years  1665  and  1700.  William  Terrell, 
the  first  ancestor  of  the  family  branch  in  this  country,  settled  in 
the  Colony  of  Virginia ;  one  of  the  other  brothers  settled  in  North 
Carolina  near  Virginia,  and  the  other  brother  is  supposed  to  have 
settled  in  New  England,  but  whether  he  founded  a  family  in  that 
Colony,  or  died  without  male  issue,  is  not  known.  Another  tra- 
dition is  that  the  "three  brothers"  were  sent  to  Virginia  by  King 
James  the  Second  of  England,  about  A.  D.,  1687,  a^  explorers  and 
huntsmen  for  the  crown,  and  that  they  were  each  awarded  for  their 
services  a  royal  grant  of  fifteen  hundred  acres  of  land  in  the  coun- 
ties of  Hanover,  Caroline  and  King  George. 

William  Terrell,  of  the  first  generation  married  and  had  three 
sons:  1,  David,  Senior;  2,  Henrj^,  and  3,  James. 

David  Terrell,  Senior,  of  the  second  generation,  was  born  in 
Virginia,  where  he  married  and  had  ten  children,  seven  sons  and 
three  daughters.  Of  this  family  we  have  scarcely  any  record,  ex- 
cept as  to  one  son,  viz : 

Henry  Terrell,  called  "the  First'"  to  distinguish  him  from  his 
son  of  the  same  name.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends, 
a  lawyer  by  profession^  and  very  wealthy.  He  lived  in  Hanover 
and  subsequently  in  Caroline  county.  He  married  iVnna  Chiles, 
of  an  eminent  Virginia  family,  by  whom  he  had  nine  children, 
four  sons  and  five  daughters.     One  of  the  sons,  George  Terrell^ 


APPENDIX.  '.  261 

was  a  soldier  of  the  Eevohitioii  and  fought  at  Camden,  S.  C, 
under  Gen.  Gates.  Another  son  was  Thomas  Terrell,  1st,  (sec- 
ond of  that  name),  who  married  Eebecca  Peters,  and  many  of  their 
descendants  removed  to  Ohio.  Ursula  married  a  Mr.  Eaglan,  and 
x4.bagail  married  Col.  Durrett,  of  Albemarle  county,  Virginia.  We 
have  scarcely  any  trace  of  Charles,  Anna,  Mary  and  Nancy.  An- 
other son  was  Henry  Terrell,  the  2d.  He  was  of  the  4th  generation, 
and  was  born  in  Caroline  county,  in  the  year  1735,  where  he  was 
brought  up.  He  afterwards  lived  in  Spottsylvania  county.  He 
married  Mary  Tyler,  a  daughter  of  Captain  William  Tyler,  of 
Spottsylvania  county,  where  they  lived  until  the  year  1787,  when 
they  emancipated  their  slaves  and  removed  with  their  nine  children 
to  the  District  of  Kentucky,  and  settled  in  Montgomery  county. 
He  was  a  pious  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends  and  the  last  of  the 
immediate  family  who  belonged  to  that  sect.  He  died  in  Kentucky 
in  1811,  in  the  seventy-sixth  year  of  his  age.  The  family  record  is 
very  complete  of  all  his  children  except  as  to  Henry  Chiles  Terrell, 
George  Terrell  and  their  sisters,  Mary  and  Elizabeth.  Anna  C.  and 
Catharine  died  young.  Eichard  Terrell  lived  many  years  in 
Xatchez  and  New  Orleans,  and  died  in  the  last  named  city  in  1845. 
Zachariah  Terrell  was  a  Captain  of  Kentucky  troops  under  General 
Jackson  at  New  Orleans,  and  died  in  Spencer  county,  Kentucky,  in 
1861.  The  other  son  bore  the  name  of  John  Terrell.  He  was  of 
the  fifth  generation,  born  in  Spottsylvania  county,  Virginia,  in 
1772,  and  when  al)out  fifteen  years  old  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Montgomery  county,  Kentucky,  where  he  grew  to  manhood  and  be- 
came noted  as  an  Indian  fighter.  He  was  a  soldier  in  Colonel 
Hardin's  regiment  of  Kentuckians  and  served  in  two  expeditions 
against  the  Indians  on  the  northern  frontier  under  Generals  Har- 
mar  and  Wayne.  He  married  Abba  Allan,  of  Montgomery  county, 
in  1797.  She  was  a  sister  of  Hon.  Chilton  Allan,  of  Kentucky,  ' 
who  afterward  became  a  prominent  lawyer  and  statesman  in  that 
State.  John  Terrell  in  the  early  part  of  this  century  lived  for 
several  years  in  Indiana  Territory,  and  in  1807  was  com- 
missioned by  Governor  Harrison  a  Captain  in  the  territorial  militia 
service.  In  consequence  of  a  severe  wound  which  permanently  dis- 
abled him.  he  moved  back  to  Kentucky  in  1810,  and  died  in  Louis- 
ville the  next  year.  John  Terrell  and  Abba  Allan  Terrell  had  eight 
children,  five  sons  and  three  daughters,  all  of  whom  were  born  in 


202  ArPENDix. 

Kentucky  (except  Arch  Allan  I'crrell  avIio  was  bom  in  Indiana  Ter- 
ritor)'),  and  of  them  our  records  are  full  and  complete.  They  were 
of  the  sixth  generation,  and  are  all  dead  except  Aunt  ]\[aria 
(Hobbs),  who  is  still  living,  in  her  seventy-ninth  A^ear,  at  Colum- 
bus, Indiana.  The  writer,  W.  H.  H.  Terrell,  is  of  the  seventh 
generation,  and  was  born  in  Henry  county,  Kentucky,  in  1827. 

Of  the  Terrells  of  Caroline,  one  branch  of  the  family  moved  to 
Campbell  county,  Virginia,  for  we  find  that  as  early  as  February 
10th,  1754,  IMicajah  Terrell  married  Sarah  Lynch,  sister  of 
Col.  Chas.  Lynch,  of  L}Tich  law  fame,  while  the  doughty  Colonel 
himself  married  Anna  Terrell,  !^IicaJah's  sister,  January  12,  1755. 
We  will  remark  in  conclusion  that  marriages  of  first  cousins  were 
much  more  common  in  those  days  among  the  wealthy  than  at  pres- 
ent, and  there  was  a  reason  for  it,  as  property  in  those  days  was 
mainly  confined  to  land  and  slaves,  and  the  great  land-owners  en- 
couraged their  children  to  intermarry  Math  their  cousins  in  order 
to  keep  the  property  in  the  family. 


APPENDIX  V. 


COLONIAL  CHURCH, 


CEDAR    CREEK,  FAMOUS    QUAKER     MEETING    HOUSE,  PREY 

OF  TIME. 

One  of  the  few  remaining  old  colonial  churches  is  Cedar  Creek 
Quaker  Church,  which  is  situated  in  upper  Hanover  county,  Vir- 
ginia, near  Montpelier  post-office.  It  was  constructed  in  the  year 
1770.  Its  architect  and  builder  was  a  man  named  Kimbrough. 
Most  of  the  material  of  which  it  is  built  was  brought  from  Eng- 
land. The  body  is  of  brick,  and  the  old-fashioned  steep  roof  was 
formerly  covered  with  shingles.  It  has  large  galleries  on  all  sides. 
The  main  body  contains  tAvo  rooms,  although  it  may  be  converted 
into  one  by  a  movable  partition.  In  olden  times  it  was  the  custom 
of  this  church  for  the  ladies  to  sit  in  one  room,  and  the  men  in  the 
other.  The  body  of  the  church  is  sixty  by  forty  feet.  The  window 
blinds,  doors.  &c.,  are  of  solid  heart  pine  plank.  The  old  fashioned 
substantial  woodwork  on  the  interior  is  of  heart  pine,  and  is  as 
sound  as  when  placed  there.     All  of  this,  of  course,  was  sawed. 

At  one  time  the  church  had  a  large  membership,  and  at  the  big 
meetings  thousands  would  often  gather  here.  Eev.  ISTathaniel  C. 
Crenshaw  and  John  Bacon  Crenshaw  were  two  of  the  prominent  old 
pastors.  With  little  hopes  of  this  fast  diminishing  denomination 
ever  again  getting  any  foothold  here,  the  church  a  short  time  ago 
was  sold. 

This  old  structure,  which  is  an  interesting  landmark,  and  a  model 
of  ancient  architecture,  is  situated  amidst  a  gloomy  forest  of  pine 
and  cedar,  which  now  grow  almost  up  to  its  walls,  and  near  it  runs 
a  stream  of  clear,  sweet  water,  known  as  Cedar  Creek. 

[Note. — The  South  Eiver  meeting  Avas  established  in  1757,  and 
"laid  down'  1858,  and  in  1902,  the  old  building  was  sold  to  the 
Presbyterians,  some  of  whose  members  are  descended  from  the 
Quakers  who  once  worshiped  here. 

Cedar  Creek  meeting  was  established  in  1739,  and  "laid  down" 
in  about  1874.  The  meeting-house  was  built  in  1797,  and  de- 
stroyed by  forest  fire  in  1904. 

Golansville  meeting  was  established  in  1739,  and  "laid  down"  in 
1853.  The  building  went  to  decay  and  the  land  reverted  to  the 
heirs  of  the  Friend  who  gave  the  land.] 


ONE    HUNDRED   YEARS   AGO. 


A   Beautiful   Poem   on  the   Old  Quaker   Meeting  House   (South    River) 


[The  poetic  lines  below  will  be  appreciated  by  those  who  have  vis- 
ited the  ruins  of  the  old  Quaker  fleeting  House  not  far  from  Lynch- 
burg. The  author  of  the  poem,  ]\Irs.  Lucy  Randolph  Fleming, 
wife  of  Eev.  Dr.  E.  H.  Fleming,  died  July,  1900.  The  poem  has 
been  extensively  copied.  It  originally  appeared  in  Harper's  Bazar, 
and  is  entitled,  "The  Old  ]\Ieeting  House,  1794-1894."] 

The  blue  hills  rise  in  stately  strength, 

Streams  ripple  soft  below. 
As  on  those  long-gone  Sabbath  days. 

One  hundred  years  ago, 

When  in  these  crumbling,  roofless  walls. 

Where  birds  flit  to  and  fro, 
The  Quaker  fathers  worshiped  God 

One  hundred  years  ago. 

And  word  of  truth,  or  praise,  or  prayer, 

In  measured  tone,  and  slow, 
Was  spoken  as  the  Spirit  moved 

One  hundred  years  ago. 

Here  many  a  calm  and  saintly  brow 

Seemed  lit  by  Heaven's  glow, 
And  caught  the  promised  peace  of  God 

One  hundred  years  ago. 

Perhaps  just  here  the  sunshine  fell 

On  golden  heads  below, 
Where  children  lifted  patient  eyes 

One  hundred  years  ago. 


APPENDIX,  265 

Here  youth  and  maidens  primly  sat 

In  silent,  decorous  row, 
But,  as  to-day,  Love  stole  his  glance 

One  hundred  years  ago. 

In  ancient  graves,  where  trailing  vines 

And  tender  wild  flowers  grow. 
Sleep   those   whose   footsteps   thither   turned 

One  hundred  years  ago. 

Long  have  these  altar  fires  been  cold. 

And  only  ruins  show 
The  temple  holy  to  the  Lord 

One  hundred  years  ago. 

But  true  and  simple  faith  abides, 

Though  centuries  onward  flow — 
The  fathers  did  not  build  in  vain 
Who  reared  this  modest  forest  fane 

One  hundred  years  ago. 


APPENDIX  VI. 


THE  DIARY  OF  JOHN  B.  CRENSHAW. 


From  "  Southern  Heroes." 

Virginia  Friends  had  become  so  reduced  by  emigration  that  the 
yearly  meeting  was  laid  down  in  1844.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
there  were  only  four  small  meetings  left,  viz.,  Black  Creek,  Somer- 
ton,  Cedar  Creek  and  Eichmond.  These  formed  what  was  then  and 
is  now  known  as  the  Virginia  Half  Year's  Meeting.  It  belongs  to 
Baltimore  Yearly  ]\Ieeting,  as  does  Hoi^ewell  Meeting,  near  Win- 
chester. Each  of  these  meetings  had  its  trying  experiences,  and  the 
few  men  of  legal  age  belonging  to  them  were  claimed  by  the  strong 
hand  of  military  law. 

At  Eichmond  meeting,  John  B.  Crenshaw  was  the  minister.  He 
was  bom  May  2,  1820,  at  the  home  occupied  by  him  during  the 
war.  In  1860  he  married  his  second  wife,  Judith  Willets,  who  sur- 
vives him.  His  father,  Nathaniel  C.  Crenshaw,  had  been  a  soldier 
in  the  war  of  1812,  but  l^ecoming  convinced  of  the  principles  of 
peace  and  the  sinfulness  of  slavery,  he  joined  the  Society  of  Friends 
and  became  a  minister.  His  life  was  several  times  threatened  on 
account  o.t  his  pronounced  and  freely  expressed  opinions.  He  was 
ujiwilling  to  receive  slaves  by  inlieritance,  and  suffered  much  on  that 
account.  It  was  said  that  he  was  the  means  of  freeing  more  than 
three  hundred  slaves,  and  he  lived  to  see  all  the  colored  people  in 
this  country  free.    He  died  in  186G  at  a  good  old  age. 

John  B.  Crenshaw  was  much  interested  in  church  matters,  and 
vas  a  strong  peace  man.  Five  miles  north  of  the  city  he  had  a 
pleasant  home,  and  kept  open  house  for  all  Friends  traveling  in 
the  ministry  or  on  other  church  service.  Owing  to  his  acquaintance 
and  influence  with  men  of  authority,  he  was  often  called  upon  to 
aid  Friends  and  Dunkards  who  were  drafted  or  conscripted  into  the 
Southern  army. 

His  widow  has  kindly  given  access  to  many  letters  and  papers 
which  show  plainly  how  these  unfortunate  people  depended  upon 
his  assistance,  and  looked  to  him  to  secure  their  release  from  prison 
cr  from  the  ai-my.  In  many  cases  they  did  not  look  in  vain.  It 
is  very  apparent  that  they  had  great  love  for  him  and  confidence  in 


APPENDIX.  267 

liim.  Slic  states  that  he  finally  gave  up  his  time  almost  exclusively 
to  looking  after  the  interests  of  these  people.  He  labored  by  day 
and  by  night,  often  making  long  journeys,  sometimes  on  foot,  to 
visit  the  Friends  who  were  sick,  in  prison,  or  in  the  army.  Look- 
ing carefully  into  the  merits  of  individual  cases,  and  usually  being 
able  to  present  a  clear  case,  the  officials  came  to  have  great  confi- 
dence in  him,  and  for  tliis  reason  and  because  of  their  regard  for 
him  as  a  Christian  minister,  they  usually  granted  his  requests.  Be- 
sides the  service  thus  rendered,  his  house  was  frequently  for  weeks 
the  home  of  those  whom  he  was  serving. 

For  about  two  years  he  edited  and  published  the  "Southern 
Friend,"  which  became  a  necessity,  as  the  people  were  unable  to 
secure  the  publications  of  their  Northern  brethren,  and  they  were 
so  often  misunderstood  and  maligned  in  the  public  press  that  some 
means  of  being  correctly  represented  before  the  people  was  quite 
important. 

The  committee  that  came  from  North  Carolina  in  the  interest  of 
tlieir  members  came  to  Jolin  B.  Crenshaw's  house  and  worked  with 
his  advice  and  assistance.  Friends  of  North  Carolina  appreciated 
his  services.  He  was  cut  off  from  Baltimore  Friends,  with  whom 
he  really  belonged,  and  for  the  time  being  he  was  identified  with 
North  Carolina  Yearly  Meeting,  and  the  Friends  learned  to  es- 
teem him  very  highly  "for  his  works'  sake,"  as  well  as  on  account 
of  his  general  nature.  He  kept  a  diary,  at  least  a  part  of  the  time, 
during  his  busy  life  in  these  trying  times.  Having  liberty  to  quote 
therefrom,  we  make  a  few  extracts,  which  will  serve  to  give  the 
reader  some  idea  of  his  continued  activity  in  the  cause  of  peace  and 
good  will  to  men. 

Under  date  of  Fourth  month  18th,  1861,  he  writes :  "Attending 
the  sittings  of  the  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting.  There  is  great 
excitement.  Mobs  going  about  forcing  suspected  persons  to  hoist 
the  United  States  flag.  It  is  indeed  a  very  trying  time,  both  in 
church  and  state." 

"19th.  Left  Philadelpliia  about  11  p.  m.  We  reached  Baltimore 
on  the  20th.  Found  the  railroad  bridge  was  burning.  The  cars  we 
ccme  in  were  promptly  filled  with  soldiers,  who  went  back  and 
burned  the  bridges  we  had  just  crossed.  We  were  left  outside  the 
city.  Hired  a  carriage  to  the  Washington  depot.  In  Washington 
we  found  the  Potomac  boats  in  the  hands  of  the  government.    We 


268  APPENDIX. 

wtnt  to  Alexandria,  Ya.,  by  a  boat  wliich,  on  arrival,  was  seized  by 
Covernor  Letcher  of  Virginia.  Eeaclied  home  safety,  for  which  I 
trust  we  are  truly  thankful." 

"28th.  Xo  heart  to  write,  feeling  too  depressed  with  the  condi- 
tion of  my  beloved  country.  0  A^irginia !  That  thy  counselors  may 
in  faith  look  to  the  only  true  God  for  guidance,  is  the  prayer  of  my 
heart." 

"5th  month  29th.  Father  Crenshaw  came  down  to  try  to  get  to 
Baltimore  to  the  meeting  for  sufferings.  We  felt  called  to  petition 
the  powers  that  be,  on  behalf  of  peace." 

"6th  month  2d.     Our  j)oor  little  meeting  nearly  broken  up." 

"7th  month  30th.  I  rode  around  the  neighborhood  to  see  if  I 
could  raise  anything  for  the  sick  in  Eiclmiond.  All  that  I  saw 
promised  to  send  something." 

"7th  month  31st.  Visited  four  hospitals  for  the  sick  and  wound- 
ed soldiers.  Most  of  them  comfortably  situated,  but  many  of  them 
wounded  and  suffering  much." 

"8th  month  14th.  Again  made  collections  for  and  visited  the 
sick." 

"10th  month  7th.  A  long  and  interesting  meeting,  during  which 
a  document  was  issued  setting  forth  the  condition  of  Friends  in 
the  present  distressed  condition  of  the  country." 

"12th  month  11th.  Father  asked  permission  of  meeting  to 
visit  the  Federal  prisoners  in  the  city ;  I  to  accompany  him,  should 
we  get  the  permit  from  the  proper  authorities." 

"12th  month  22d.  Father  and  I  had  a  satisfactory  meeting  with 
the  Federal  officers,  then  with  some  of  their  men  in  Libby  prison 
Richmond.  On  last  Seventh-day  I  went  to  meet  an  appointment 
with  the  Massachusetts  men.  Had  a  very  satisfactory  meeting,  and 
was  urged  to  come  again. 

"1st  month  23rd,  1862.  Went  with  father  to  visit  Federal  pris- 
oners, with  some  of  whom  we  had  a  meeting.  Some  seemed  serious, 
but  others  careless  and  noisy.  Distributed  Testaments  and  other 
books,  which  were  gratefully  received. 

"1st  month  30th.  Again,  with  father,  had  some  very  interest- 
ing meetings  with  Federal  prisoners.  Distributed  more  Testa- 
ments. The  men  seemed  grateful,  and  some  manifested  a  very 
tender  spirit." 


APPENDIX.  209 

"4th  month  4th.  Went  with  Isham  Cox  and  others  to  attend 
meeting  for  sufferings  held  at  Deep  Eiver.  An  exceedingly  interest- 
ing occasion.  The  situation  of  young  Friends  subject  to  military 
call  claimed  most  serious  attention,  and  a  memorial  was  prepared 
and  a  committee  appointed  to  present  it  to  their  State  Convention, 
now  in  session." 

"4th  month  16th.  On  reaching  Eichmond  found  Dr.  Nicholson 
and  Joseph  Elliott  awaiting  me,  and  on  the  18th  father  and  I  went 
with  them  to  see  the  President.  xVfter  waiting  for  hours  we  were 
informed  that  we  could  not  see  him  before  9  p.  m.,  at  his  residence, 
whither  we  repaired  at  that  hour.  Were  politely  received,  but  he 
positively  refused  to  accede  to  the  petition  which  we  presented,  re- 
questing him  to  send  a  message  to  Congress  recommending  that 
Friends  be  released  from  military  duty  on  account  of  religious 
scruples.  He  said  he  refused  on  the  ground  that  it  would  be  spe- 
cial legislation  and  open  the  door  against  us  for  further  persecu- 
tion in  a  future  day." 

"4th  month  23d.  Several  balloons  in  sight,  supposed  to  have  in 
them  Federals  reconnoitering.  About  6  a.  m.  we  heard  what  seem- 
ed to  be  heavy  firing  at  or  near  the  head  of  Mechanicsville  turnpike. 
There  is  a  picket  this  afternoon  at  my  bridge.  Oh,  that  we  may  be 
able  to  maintain  our  principles  as  followers  of  the  Prince  of 
Peace !" 

"4th  month  24th.  Went  to  Aunt  Crenshaw's.  They  were  expect- 
ing the  Federal  army  about  noon.  We  learn  that  several  were 
killed  in  the  skirmish  this  morning.  A  large  number  of  Confed- 
erate soldiers  camped  on  and  around  my  farm,  expecting  to  fight 
tomorrow." 

"4th  month  25th.  Sent  my  wife  and  children  to  father's;  so 
many  soldiers  coming  in  and  out." 

"4th  month  26th.     Quiet  in  this  neighborhood  today." 

"4th  month  28th.  Went  to  meeting.  The  few  Friends  seemed 
glad  indeed  to  see  me.  Hurried  home  on  account  of  the  soldiers. 
They  are  constantly  wanting  something,  milk  or  something  to  eat 
and  I  supply  them  freely." 

"4th  month  29th.  A  large  division  of  the  army  on  the  road. 
Gen.  D.  H.  Hill  has  selected  my  house  as  his  headquarters.  The 
Crenshaw  and  Johnson  batteries  are  camped  in  the  woods  back  of 


270  APPENDIX. 

niv  barn,  and  from  tliore  all  across  the  country-  the  woods  are  full 
of  soldiers." 

"4th  month  30th.  Busy  all  day  waiting  on  tlie  soldiers,  who  are 
constantly  calling  for  something." 

"5th  month  31st.  General  Hill  moved  his  headquarters  to  Yass, 
and  General  Gregg  took  up  his  at  the  house,  having  previously  been 
below  the  hill." 

"6th  month  1st.  Went  to  our  little  meeting.  Saw  many  wound- 
ed brought  from  the  battlefields  of  yesterday  and  today,  in  which  it 
is  supposed  that  more  than  two  thousand  Confederate  soldiers  were 
killed." 

"6th  month  4th.  Continual  crowd  and  care.  A  very  stormv 
night.  The  poor  soldiers  must  have  suffered.  My  porches  were 
full,  and  some  of  the  sick  were  in  the  dwelling-house.  Three 
houses  in  the  woods  full,  and  many  lie  in  the  barn  and  shelters. 
Many  quite  sick." 

"6th  month  4th.  Many  sick  soldiers  left  in  my  house  and  out- 
buildings, some  with  measles  and  some  with  pneumonia." 

"6th  month  9th.    Two  of  the  sick  dead." 

"6th  month  13th.  Pressed  my  wagon  today  to  carry  off  the  sick. 
xYU  gone  from  the  house  but  one.  One  poor  man  buried  today, 
making  three  here.'' 

"6th  month  23d.  We  hear  much  cannon  firing  here  today,  some 
so  near  we  can  see  the  smoke  from  the  guns  and  see  the  shells 
burst." 

"6th  month  2Hih.  Fighting  continues.  Many  lives  lost  on  both 
sides." 

"6th  month  29th.  We  hear  that  the  Federals  have  been  cut  off 
from  York  river  and  driven  across  the  Chickahominy." 

"7th  month  9th.  Father  and  I  at  meeting  at  Jane  Wliitlock's 
house,  our  meeting-house  having  been  taken  possession  of  by  the 
government."  (The  meeting-house  was  at  that  time  at  Nineteenth 
and  Cary  streets,  one  square  distant  from  Libby  prison.) 

"8th  month  8th.  Whiting's  division  of  the  Confederate  army 
encamped  on  our  farm.  Left  next  day,  having  talcen  some  pota- 
toes and  fruit  and  stripped  plank  from  many  panels  of  the  fence, 
etc.  Upon  the  whole  I  think  we  have  cause  to  be  thankful  that  we 
are  not  more  injured.  The  officers  placed  a  guard  over  the  orchard, 
potatoes  and  houses." 


APPENDIX.  271 

"8th  month  37th.  John  Carter  and  Nereus  Mendenhall  here,  to 
present  a  memorial  from  North  Carolina  Meeting  for  Sufferings  to 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States.  A  copy  is  placed  on  the  desk  of 
each  member." 

"8th  month  28th.  Went  with  Friends  to  see  if  we  could  get 
Thomas  Elliott  out  of  prison,  but  General  Winder  had  received  no 
reply  from  Petersburg,  where  he  had  sent  for  infonnation.  By 
appointment  we  met  Miles,  the  chairman,  and  other  members  of  the 
military  committee  of  the  House,  to  explain,  as  well  as  we  could, 
our  principles  on  war.  They  asked  us  many  close  questions,  which 
I  trust  we  were  led  to  answer  to  their  satisfaction,  as  they  express- 
ed themselves  so  at  the  close,  and  I  feel  that  we  have  cause  for  grati- 
tude for  help  received  on  that  interesting  occasion.  We  hear  that 
the  committee  of  the  House  has  already  imited  in  recommending 
that  Friends  and  Dunkards  be  exempted  from  military  duty,  etc." 

"8th  month  29th.  General  Winder  released  Thomas  Elliott  on 
condition  tbat  I  would  give  receipt  for  him  and  have  him  forth- 
coming when  called  for.  On  the  31st  he  was  called  for,  and  I  had 
to  give  bond  for  $500  for  his  return  whenever  called." 

"10th  month  1st.  Letters  from  Dr.  Mendenhall,  asking  my  at- 
tention to  tlie  cases  of  several  young  men." 

"10th  month  15th.  I  failed  to  find  the  young  men,  but  met 
at  camp  here  a  number  of  other  young  Friends." 

"10th  month  17th.  Went  to  look  up  some  young  men.  Jona- 
than Harris  here  for  same  purpose." 

"10th  month  18th.  Went  with  J.  Harris.  We  paid  the  tax  for 
five  Friends  and  three  Dunkards  $-1000.  Put  in  a  petition  for 
Jesse  Gordon,  who  professes  to  be  a  Friend  in  principle.  The  Sec- 
retary of  War  agreed  to  pass  him  as  a  Friend,  much  to  our  relief." 

"10th  month  19th.  The  Friends  and  Dunlvards  from  Camp  Lee 
came  to  our  little  meeting  today." 

"lOtli  month  20th.  Jonathan  Harris  and  I  got  off  young  Gordon 
at  the  war  office.  Met  some  of  the  Virginia  Dunkards  brought  here 
as  conscripts,  some  of  whom  had  paid  the  $500  tax  into  the  State 
treasury.  At  their  request  I  drew  up  a  petition  to  the  Secretary  of 
War  asking  that  those  who  had  paid  the  tax  might  be  allowed  to 
return  home  until  the  Legislature  meets,  when  they  hope  to  be  al- 
lowed to  draw  the  money  from  the  State  treasury  to  pay  the  Con- 
federate treasury." 


272  APPENDIX. 

"10th  month  2 2d.  At  Camp  Lee  found  that  the  Friends  had 
gone  home,  except  young  Gordon,  who  was  too  sick  to  go;  also  the 
North  Carolina  Dunkards.  The  Virginia  Dunkards  are  not  yet 
through  with  their  cases." 

"10  th  month  25th.  We  attended  the  meeting  for  sufferings  of 
Xorth  Carolina  Yearly  Meeting.  An  interesting  occasion.  Com- 
mittee appointed  to  consider  the  exemption  law,  and  report. 
Friends  seem  very  sweetly  united  in  this  time  of  trial  and  afflic- 
tion. Friends  cannot  accept  the  provisions  of  the  law  as  just,  or  as 
what  they  had  a  right  to  expect.  A  number  have  placed  money  in 
my  hands  for  exemption." 

"I  have  been  engaged  for  several  days  assisting  our  friends  Isham 
Cox  and  Allen  U.  Tomlinson  in  trying  to  get  off  some  young 
Friends  from  military  duty.  Isham  Cox  stopped  at  a  camp  between 
Eichmond  and  Petersburg  to  see  his  son-in-law  Woody,  whom,  with 
his  brother,  we  succeeding  in  getting  off.  Isham  Cox  had  a  very 
acceptable  service  in  our  meeting,  and  left  next  day  for  home,  tak- 
ing the  Woody  boys  with  him." 

"12th  month  10th.  Took  my  wife  in  the  bugg}'  to  camp  near 
Drury's  Bluff,  where  General  Daniel  is  in  command,  to  visit  the 
young  Friends.  They  have  been  kindly  treated  and  not  required  to 
perform  military  duty.  Thompson  is  expecting  exemption  on  ac- 
count of  poor  health;  Stephen  Hobson,  hoping  for  release  on  the 
ground  of  being  a  miller ;  and  General  Daniel  tells  us  that  an  order 
has  been  issued  for  the  release  of  J.  Harvey  and  S.  Hobson." 

"1st  month  3d,  1863.  Went  to  General  Daniel's  camp.  The 
young  Friends  have  left.  Called  at  Drury's  Bluff,  but  found  no 
Friends  there." 

"1st  month  16th.  Isham  Cox  here  to  get  Friends  released  from 
army  and  prison." 

"1st  month  17th.  Engaged  all  day  arranging  for  the  release  of 
six  young  Frionds,.for  whom  Isham  Cox  paid  $3000." 

"1st  month  18th.  Isham  Cox  gave  us  what  seemed  food  conven- 
ient for  us  at  meeting  today.  He  takes  cars  tomorrow  for  camp 
near  Fredericksburg." 

"2d  month  7th.  Interceded  for  M.  H.  Bradshaw,  not  a  Friend. 
Secretary  of  War  agreed  to  pass  him  as  a  Friend.  I  paid  the  tax 
and  brought  him  home  with  me." 


APPENDIX.  273 

'''2d  month  9th.  Got  Bradshaw  a  passport  home.  Petitioned 
Secretary  of  War  in  behalf  of  Calvin  Perkins." 

"2d  month  19th.  General  Pickett's  division  of  the  army  quar- 
tered here.  A  large  portion  in  our  woods.  Colonel  Brocton  and 
aids  stayed  with  us.  All  left  at  noon.  Have  burned  a  lot  of  wood 
and  fencing." 

"3d  month  2d.  Successful  in  having  the  Secretary  of  War  pass 
as  a  Friend  William  A.  Wells.  Paid  the  tax  for  him  and  arranged 
for  liis  discharge." 

"3d  month  5th.  Went  with  Matthew  Osborne  to  see  about  re- 
moving the  remains  of  his  son  Jesse,  who  died  at  Oakwood  in 
Eighth  month  last.  The  superintendent  showed  us  what  he  said 
he  was  sure  was  the  grave.  Sent  the  coffin  to  Eaper  and  Murray's 
to  be  packed  for  removal  to  North  Carolina.  On  opening  it,  there 
was  found  only  a  skeleton,  a  little  hair  and  some  pieces  of  cloth." 

"3d  month  19th.  Letter  from  Thomas  Kennedy's  wife  saying 
that  he  was  sent  to  Eichmond." 

"3rd  month  21st.  Went  to  Riclmiond  to  see  about  Thomas  Ken- 
nedy.   Learned  that  he  had  been  sent  Xorth  under  a  flag  of  truce." 

"3d  month  31st.  Went  to  meet  Christian  Robertson  and  his  son- 
in-law  (Dimkards),  to  help  them  to  get  the  former  out  of  the 
army." 

"■4th  month  1st.  Isham  Cox  here  to  try  to  get  some  young  men 
exempted."' 

"4th  month  2d.  Went  with  Isham  Cox,  and  we  succeeded  in  get- 
ting all  these  cases  exempted  from  military  duty,  for  which  we  are 
truly  thankful." 

"4th  month  6th.  I  was  favored  to  get  the  release  of  0.  Gordon, 
and  paid  the  tax  for  him." 

"4th  month  12th.  Nathan  Hunt,  Jr.,  at  our  meeting  today. 
Came  home  with  me.  I  got  a  passport  for  liim  to  Fredericksburg 
tomorrow." 

"4th  month  18th.  Got  a  release  for  William  P.  Osborne.  Learn- 
ed that  Christian  Robertson's  application  was  refused;  but  they  of- 
fered him  a  detail  to  hospital  work.  Procured  a  furlough  for  C. 
Robertson  (Dunkard)  to  go  home  for  ten  days.  He  has  not  ap- 
plied for  transfer  to  hospital  duty." 

"oth  month  1st.  C.  Robertson  has  returned,  time  to  his  prom- 
ise.    Called  at  the  war  office,  but  found  no  decision  in  his  case." 


274  APPENDIX. 


"Xi 


'oth  month  2d.  Took  C.  li.  to  get  his  furlough  extended  eight 
days.  He  went  to  riiiinhorazo  hospital.  His  uncle  came  home 
with  me." 

"5th  month  6th.  Coming  from  meeting  with  J.  Harris  we  learn- 
ed that  the  Federals  had  been  in  strong  force  around  fathers,  and 
taken  all  his  horses.    Got  passport  for  J.  Harris  to  go  home." 

"5th  month  9th.  Got  an  order  to  send  Joseph  Fell  N'orth;  also 
a  discharge  for  Eli  Bird,  who  came  home  with  me  much  rejoiced." 

"5th  month  14th.  Went  with  Isham  Cox  to  see  Assistant  Secre- 
tary of  War  on  account  of  several  persons  who  desire  exemption  by 
paying  the  tax  imposed  upon  non-combatants." 

"6th  month  9th.  Took  C.  Robertson  to  Richmond  to  the  Avar  of- 
fice to  see  about  his  case.  Got  two  Friends  through  and  paid  the 
tax  for  them." 

"9th  month  4th.  Went  with  Jolm  Pretlow  and  William  Brad- 
shaw  to  make  an  effort  for  Bradshaw's  release.  Hope  we  have  suc- 
ceeded though  it  has  to  pass  through  a  long  routine  yet." 

"10th  month  1st.  Isham  Cox  and  J.  Harris  came  in  about  night 
from  Orange  Court  House.  Found  the  grave  of  John  Hobson.  His 
father  much  distressed." 

"11th  month  2d.  Engaged  with  father  preparing  memorial  to 
present  to  the  Legislature,  on  exempting  Friends  from  military 
duty." 

"11th  month  5th.  The  memorial  was  presented  to  the  half- 
year's  meeting,  which  adopted  it  with  great  unanimity,  and  direct- 
ed 300  copies  printed  for  distribution  among  the  members  of  the 
Legislature.  Friends  parted  in  much  love  and  unity,  feeling  that 
trials  await  us." 

"11th  month  14th.  Detained  until  late  before  the  military  com- 
mittee of  House  of  Delegates,  who  treated  me  respectfully,  but  de- 
clined to  do  anything  for  Friends." 

"11th  month  15th.  Went  to  see  Judge  Camp1)ell,  who  wished  to 
see  me  about  the  Hockett  boys.  He  offers  to  send  them  ISTorth. 
Wrote  to  their  father  for  advice." 

"11th  month  21st.  A  defense  which  I  wrote  in  reply  to  an  attack 
on  non-combatants  appeared  in  the  'Whig'  today." 

"12th  month  7th.  Tlie  Secretan^  of  War  decided  against  T.  R. 
Vestal.  I  asked  for  a  special  interview  in  regard  to  his  case.  T. 
R.  Vestal  is  poorly," 


APPENDIX.  2Y5 

"12th  month  11th.  William  Cox  here  to  get  me  to  assist  him  in 
the  case  of  William  Overman." 

"12th  month  12th.  Eeceived  orders  for  the  release  of  C.  Eobert- 
son  and  John  Eeynolds." 

"12th  month  21st.  Went  to  Camp  Lee  and  paid  $500  to  Captain 
Maynard  as  exemption  tax  for  my  son,  Nathaniel  B.  Crenshaw." 

"12th  month  26th.  Procured  an  -order  to  send  A.  C  Fell  North, 
and  an  order  to  discharge  A.  G.  Eiish  from  the  army.  I  paid  tax 
for  him  in  6th  month  last,  but  he  did  not  get  his  discharge." 

"12th  month  28th.  Lazarus  Pearson  came  to  see  about  Over- 
man." 

John  B.  Crenshaw's  diary  for  the  year  1864  is  missing,  but  the 
year  was  spent  in  a  continuation  of  the  same  arduous  work  as  the 
extracts  given  indicate.  A  few  quotations  from  the  diary  of  1865 
may  here  be  given. 

"1st  month  4th.  At  the  enrolling  oflfice  I  was  handed  an  exemp- 
tion as  a  minister." 

"2d  month  1st.  Went  with  David  Mofiitt  before  the  Secretary 
of  the  Navy,  and  succeeded  in  securing  the  release  of  his  son  from 
the  Confederate  States  navy." 

"2d  month  3d.  Went  to  see  about  the  cases  of  several  Friends 
who  were  suffering  for  the  non-performance  of  military  duties." 

"2d  month  14th.  Got  an  early  start  to  see  the  Advocate  General 
and  several  other  officers.  Saw  W.  T.  Haley,  H.  Ford  and  Milliken. 
Obtained  a  recommendation  from  Hale's  officers  for  his  discharge. 
Eeturned  to  Petersburg  very  weary,  having  walked  nearly  twenty 
miles." 

"2d  month  16th.  On  my  way  to  Eiclmiond  met  James  Hockett, 
Nathan  Spencer  and  N.  Farlow  going  toward  my  home.  They 
came  by  appointment  of  their  monthly  meeting  to  look  after 
Friends  in  the  army." 

"2d  month  17th.  Waiting  on  Friends,  he  found  Seth  Laughlin 
died  on  the  eighteenth  of  last  month.    Blair  still  sick." 

"2d  month  20th.  Went  to  father's.  Found  them  more  cheerful 
than  expected  from  all  that  we  had  heard.  The  Federals  took  all 
of  his  horses  and  most  of  his  provisions.  Father  is  trying  to  use 
some  of  the  broken-down  horses  and  mules  the  Federals  left  on  his 
place." 


276  APPENDIX. 

On  the  first  of  Fourth  month  John  B.  Crenshaw  and  his  daugh- 
ter, now  the  wife  of  Josiah  Leeds  of  Philadelphia,  went  to  his 
father's,  sixteen  miles  away,  to  attend  meeting  for  worship  at  Cedar 
Creek  on  the  Sabbath,  where  occasional  appointments  were  made 
after  the  meeting  had  ceased  to  be  regularly  held.  The  next  day, 
April  2d,  Jefferson  Davis  and  liis  cabinet,  and  many  prominent 
citizens  of  Richmond,  left  the  capital  of  the  fast-waning  Confed- 
eracy. With  the  few  troops  remaining  in  the  city,  they  hurriedly 
took  their  departure  for  a  more  southern  point,  for  safety  from  the 
approaching  Northern  troops.  Wliile  John  B.  Crenshaw  had  been 
attending  meeting  with  the  little  company  in  the  country,  a  Friend 
minister  from  England  was  attending  the  city  meeting,  and  on  ar- 
riving home  that  evening  they  found  him  as  a  guest.  The  diary 
continues  : 

"J.  J.  Neave,  a  minister  from  England,  at  my  home.  Early  in 
the  morning  we  heard  hea.AT  explosions,  the  blowing  up  of  the  mag- 
azines, and  we  learn  that  the  Federals  are  in  the  city.  J.  J.  Neave 
and  I  drove  to  the  city  and  called  on  our  Friends,  whom  we  were 
glad  to  find  composed.  On  coming  out  we  were  stopped  by  colored 
pickets,  but  they  let  us  pass  home.  Warwick's  mills  and  a  large 
space  around  destroyed  by  the  Confederates  burning  the  tobacco 
warehouses." 

"4th  month  otli.  Called  on  a  number  of  Friends,  among  them 
Judge  Campbell,  with  whom  I  had  a  most  interesting  interview. 
I  rejoice  that  he  remained  in  the  city,  believing  that  he  A^dll  be  very 
useful  in  restoring  order.  Went  to  see  some  of  my  neighbors.  Ser- 
vants everywhere  very  unsettled.  One  of  my  neighbors.  Colonel  J. 
B.  Young,  grossly  insulted  l)y  the  colored  troops.  His  silver,  etc., 
stolen,  but  was  soon  restored  by  an  officer.  Lawless  men  are  tak- 
ing horses,  etc." 

"4th  month  8th.  J.  J.  Neave  and  I  were  not  allowed  to  go  into 
the  city.  A  number  of  the  neighbors  called  to  ask  advice.  The 
fright  and  harassment  from  robbers  continues.  At  the  request  of 
the  neighbors  I  drew  u])  a  statement  of  the  manner  in  which  the 
soldiers  are  robbing  and  insulting  the  people,  and  presented  it  to 
General  Wirtzel,  to  whom  I  was  introduced  by  Judge  Campbell. 
The  general  promised  to  issue  orders  to  repress  the  disorders.'" 

"4th  month  12th.     Had  to  get  a  pass    to    go    home.      Colored 


APPENDIX. 


277 


pickets  at  our  toll-gate.  We  all  renewed  our  allegiance  to  the 
United  States." 

"4tli  month  14th.  Colored  troops  sent  off  and  arrangements 
made  to  protect  this  section  with  white  troops." 

"4th  month  18th.    Went  with  numbers  to  get  their  passes." 

"4th  month  36th.  Went  with  x\llen  U.  Tonilinson  to  affirm  his 
allegiance  to  the  United  States.    Got  a  pass  to  go  to  my  home." 

"6th  month  2d.  Had  a  long  interview  with  Judge  Campbell's 
A\  ife  with  reference  to  his  present  condition  as  a  prisoner." 

"6th  month  3d.  Writing  a  memorial  to  President  Jolmson  on 
behalf  of  Judge  Campbell." 

"6th  month  5th.  Father  and  I  had  a  consultation  with  Judge 
Campbell's  wife.  Met  ¥.  Ruffin  and  Colonel  Ray  in  reference  to 
memorial  certificate,  etc.  Judge  Lyons  introduced  us  to  Governor 
Pierpont,  who  received  us  courteously  and  gave  father  Willets  a 
permit  to  visit  the  penitentiary  and  jails  of  the  State,  with  request 
that  he  would  report  the  result." 

"6th  month  25th.  After  meeting,  read  to  our  Friends  the 
memorial  in  behalf  of  Judge  Campbell.  I  was  unanimously  re- 
quested to  sign  it  in  behalf  of  Friends  in  Virginia." 

"6th  month  29th.  Father  Crenshaw  started  this  morning  for 
Washington  with  the  memorial  in  behalf  of  Judge  Campbell." 

Here  ends  the  diary,  but  we  know  that  John  B.  Crenshaw  contin- 
ued in  good  works  until  the  tenth  of  Fifth  month,  1889,  when  he 
passed  from  works  to  rewards. 


INDEX. 


Anthony,  24,  44,  71,  96,  97,  98,  118,  122,  123,  148.  140,  135,  137,  132,  103,  85, 

Anthony 95,  77,  78,  79,  80,  88,  89 

Arthur 72,  74 

Alt 74 

Anderson 72,  73,  79,  84,  83,  104 

Akers   83,  93 

Andrews 93 

Alf riend  93 

Adams  75,  98 

Alvis 105 

Austin 105 

Bradford  ...  ^  .......  ^ , ^. .  .....  .^..  .... .  .98,  118,  150,  151 

Bates 4,  53,  64,  68,  65,  70,  154,  91,  92,  93,  102,  103,  14j5,  152,  153,  155 

Bates 156,  116,  104,  123,  115,  106,  ifl,  112 

Ballard \^.  .  .5,  24,  78,  79,  80,  ^1,  89,  75,  76,  81,  83,  85,  96,  86,  74,  75 

Ballard 123,  127,  132,  84,  148,  149,  23,  25,  26,  44,  71,  9/,  99,  123 

Ballard 73,  84,  149 

Butler.  .26,  72,  78,  74,  79,  87,  88,  89,  76,  77,  82,  72,  73,  74,  75,  94,  86,  44,  65 

Butler 67,  68,  70,  97,  122,  125,  126,  128,  137,  139 

Bailey 26,  44,  123,  73,  74,  75,  88,  82,  83.  125,  140,  141 

Burgess 27,  72,  74,  78,  89,  95,  126,  127,  136,  140 

Butterworth 25,  44,  73,  74,  93,  95,  125 

Burch 100,  71,  101,  138 

BroA^Ti 16^  81,  103,  138 

Bond 72,  88,  89,  77,  86,  138 

Bunker 136 

Baker   96,  148 

Brooks 4,  99,  104,  60,  90,  91.  80,  57,  59,  101,  147, -104 

Bloxom 3.  162,  97,  120,  44,  25,  78,  79.  81,  89,  75,  95,  94.  86 

Bloxom 172,  124,  126,  145 

Bagwell   96 

Boyce 98,  83 

Burruss 69,  89,  77,  55,  82 

Bobbitt 77 

Burton 76 

Bedford 75 

Boeock 79 

Broaddus 61,  62 

Benaugh    98 

Biglow   103 

Blackburn 106 


280  INDEX. 

Beal   no.  136 

Bamett   150 

Bradfiold   72.  150.  9-;,  87,  1:56 

Baker   ^ 148 

Byrum  126.  130 

Baiighan. 72.  75,  76,  77.  83,  94.  84,  86,  102 

Bell 3,  8,  61,  02,  64,  100,  57,  59,  102 

Barksdale  52,  90,  102 

Bloomer 100 

Barnard   148 

Betts 162,  97,  93,  78,  89,  75,  68,  84,  94,  86,  87 

Blackley   85,  86 

Boiidlas   84 

Bigger   96 

Brown 78,  96 

Clement 71 

Cranstone    8 

Curie 28,  44.  68,  97,  79,  88.  77,  94,  95.  86,  136,  137,  121 

Coffin 77,  85,  86,  124,  128,  137 

Cook 66,  67,  104,  129 

Cadwalader 27,  72,  71,  88,  89,  75,  76,  77,  96.  82,  83,  85.  125.  128,  98 

Carpenter 68,  103 

Copeland 123 

Congdon  103 

Cobbs.  .  .6,  52,  53,  54,  61,  62,  63,  98,  55,  56,  57,  59,  60,  100,  101,  102,  103,  106 

Cheadle 4,  52,  53,  54,  98,  55,  56,  101 

Chiles 4,  52,  54,  55,  98,  56,  58,  59,  101 

Clough   106 

Crawford 91.  100 

Cave 76,  97 

Coffee 27.  72.  78.  89.  75,  122 

Cummings 98 

Cowgill   (e^.li &7,  99 

Crenshaw 23,  «57,  09,  78,  70,  65,  66,  38,  92,  93,  103,  155,  156,  104,  114,  115 

Crew 5,  6,  78,  139,  145,  146,  72,  151,  154,  155,  156,  102,  103,  81,  95 

Crew 60,  .58,  59,  57,  58,  114,  115,  116,  27,  23,  98,  106,  109,  110,  111,  113 

Crew 104,  105,  63,  153,  55,  56,  71,  38,  88,  91,  92,  90,  146,  120,  123 

Carey 97,  69,  72,  79,  77,  94,  83,  86,  87,  137,  72,  118 

Coggshall 75,  78 

Candler 27,  44,  i?3,  79,  147,  80,  95,  75,  84,  100,  71,  73 

Clarke 5,  6,  61,  02,  97,  147,  71,  72,  92,  93,  79,  90,  84,  101,  147 

Callihan 105 

Caldwell 147 

Cameron    105 

Cole   141 

Cox 82.  178,  147,  136 

Chandler 138 


INDEX.  281 

Couch   91,  88,  58,  98 

Coulling 70,  93 

Caffery 93 

Carrington 93 

Douglas 28.  97,  98,  118,  29,  44,  71,  93,  78,  80,  76,  77,  81,  82 

Douglas 85,  8G,  102,  73,  74,  75,  149 

Davis 80,  79,  78,  81,  87,  88,  76,  74,  75,  28,  95,  96,  44,  82,  83,  85,  84 

Davis.  .86,  97,  98,  117,  86,  118,  72,  102,  122,  123,  125,  135,  128,  139,  140,  145 

Dixon 141 

Dix 76,  82,  125.  137 

Daniel 29,  136 

Dabney 92,  96,  103 

Dickenson   85 

Daugherty   87 

Dobins 162,  85 

Darbery 08 

Defer    83 

Dudley   05 

Doswell   57 

Downer 02 

Easley  73,  87,  78 

Ely 140 

Evins   98,  137 

Elmore  129 

English 129 

Eccols 44 

Ellis 56 

Evoite 72 

Erwin  72,  71,  88,  89,  74,  85 

Embree 45,  71,  88,  74,  85,  89 

Ellett  or  Elliott 103,  65,  92 

Fisher 30,  98,  45,  78,  79,  88,  77,  94,  82,  83,  84,  85,  87,  125,  128,  135 

Fisher 138,  73,  74,  75,  139,  151,  72,  111,  117,  118,  119,  120,  121,  122,  124 

Fowler 45,  162,  78,  75,  76,  94,  81,  84,  87,  150 

iFerrell 70,  71,  96,  119,  78,  79,  96,  82,  148 

Fose 128 

Fitzhugh   61,  62 

Feazle 85 

Fox 95 

Farrish   55 

Farmer 45 

Farguson 78,  8  / 

French H"^ 

Feddell   78 

Fulchur 103 

Grav  98 


282  INDEX. 

Gosney   ^" 

Gipson   "1 

Grigg  78,  89,  72,  95,  94 

Grewell 73,  74,  121. 

Gofr 148 

Goode 71,  79,  96,  148 

Gauntt   129 

Gordon 91,  103,  104 

Gatt   84 

Grigsby   76,  82 

Gaskins 93 

Hawks  70 

Hart 9,  10,  68,  106.  101,  103 

Halladay 68 

Holman  ' 103 

Hatton 105,  106,  98.  71,  91,  92,  75,  57,  59,  60,  102 

Hewlett 54,  55,  56,  101 

Holmes   89,  77,  85 

Hamner 72,  89.  85 

Hurt 75,  76,  85 

Hale  72,  85 

Headon 85 

Hawkins   83 

Hunter ^5 

Hubank   97,  95 

Haekett   6(> 

Harwood 05,  66,  67.  68 

Harris 9,  10.  11,  54,  98,  115,  55.  64,  90,  91,  92,  89,  77,  56,  57.  58,  60,  96 

Harris.  .  .85,  146,  101,  98,  116,  123,  99,  104,  106,  110,  112,  113,  103,  119,  161 

Holland 147 

Harrison   149,  150 

Hanna 30,  69,  71,  96,  119,  45,  93.  79,  76,  75,  77,  83,  84,  85,  86,  87,  72 

Hendrick 30,  78,  79,  88,  94,  87,  126,  72 

Hendrake 45,  75 

Holloway 30,  31,  120,  71,  78,  79,  77,  94,  81,  86,  87,  126,  137,  138,  73,  119 

Hunnicutt 11,  104,  123,  91,  92,  90,  57,  50,  58,  94,  101,  102,  103 

Hunnicutt 138,  140,  141,  137 

Higgason l^*^ 

Hadley   123 

Hampton 146 

Hobson  141 

Hunt 123 

Hatcher 30,  88,  89,  136 

Hough   133 

Hargrave 9,  10,  23,  45,  52,  54,  55,  61,  62,  03,  100,  104,  92,  55,  56,  57 

Hargrave 58,  60,  128,  130,  132,  133 


INDEX. 


283 


Hutchins 10,  104,  131 

Hancock ^8 

Hill 70,  72,  75,  96 

Herndon 81 

Hall  08 

Hargrove 9,  93 

Hough   91 

Hopkins 01,  104 

Irby  92 

Jordan 68,  122,  102,  141 

Jones.  .  .13,  23,  46,  52,  98,  99,  103,  100,  122,  57,  58,  60,  83,  100,  101,  102,  103 

Jackson  98,  101 

Jude   101 

James 36,  105,  78,  77,  82,  83,  84,  86 

Janney  104,  96 

Johns 95 

Johnson 11,  12,  13,  85,  86,  87,  72,  45,  100,  101,  102,  103,  120,  127 

Johnson 128,  130,,  131,  133,  134,  125,  136,  137,  138,  147,  148,  73,  74      6  ^J 

Johnson 72,  75,  149,  150,  84,  83,  82,  96,  95,  94,  57,  58,  70,  77,  80,  81 

Johnson.  .  .  .105,  88,  166,  89,  148,  78,  79,  90,  162,  91,  93,  88,  98,  100,  105,  106 

Knight   104 

Kerby 148,  36,  46,  161,  87,  84,  128,  147,  73,  78,  149 

Kendrick   148 

Kirk  137 

Kelly  129 

Kimloys  103 

Kutze   85 

Lacy   :'■ r •  •••;••• • 70 

Lynch 46,  150,  36,  74,  37,  72,  71,  97,  73,  148,  147,  123,  147,  87,  86,  85 

Lynch 148,  84,  83,  82,  162,  96,  95,  94,  76,  90,  88,  80,  79,  78,  9J  -  3/ 

Lay ^ 80,  149,  94 

Lea 93,  78,  72,  82,  86,  76,  128 

Lodge 39,  78,  76,  77,  94,  74,  125,  84,  83,  82 

Lupton w 83,  84,  125,  74 

Lewis 37,  114,  72,  78,  88,  89,  76,  77,  137,  138  ^"^ 

JLadd 115,  123,  110,  106,  109,  98,  99,  63,  62,  84,  85,  125,  135 

Lerrow 72,  89,  102,  103 

Lukens  m 

Latham  96 

Ladd 91,  92,  93,  60,  58,  51 

Lacy 76 

Lenord 89 

Leadbett'er   92 

Leeds   68,  70 

Lyne  65 

Liggett 98 


2S4  INDEX. 

Lowrj' 103 

Laniliert 123 

Linville 124 

Miller 76,  148,  73,  79 

Jlilner   39,  87,  72,  78 

Martin 38,  70,  84,  96,  85,  149,  93 

Mills   106,  63,  92 

Maddox 14,  00,  72 

Mallory    75 

Macey 37,  46,  81,  96,  86,  87,  137,  73,  121 

Morgan 141 

Maddox  105,  140 

Mbore   136,  137,  138 

Mathews 133,  135,  137,  138' 

Mazley   72 

Mays 98 

Millburn   39,  136 

Moreland   46,  38,  97,  72,  89,  76,  75,  96,  85,  80,  133 

Millhouse   39,  129 

Maule 103,  104 

McGeehee 53,  54,  55,  101 

Majors   94,  86 

McPherson 39,  77,  85 

Micker   85 

Mays 95 

Metcalf 76 

Morgan 88 

McLaughlin 60 

Moore 98,  99 

Mooi-man.  .14,  46,  38,  39,  149,  150,  151,  148,  147,  145,  138,  131,  130,  124,  127       , 
Moorman.  100,  101,  102,  75,  82,  86,  115.  54,  37,  55,  56,  57,  60,  93,  94,  95,  84,  83     " 

Moorman 82,  76,  90,  88,  89,  78,  79,  80.  81,  38,  52,  53,  71,  97,  147,  98 

Oliphant 72,  88.  77,  85,  138 

Postor    104 

Paleske    70 

Peel)le3   123 

Pedin 67.  08 

Pleasants 15,  23,  68,  69,  116,  70,  65,  66,  98,  99,  104,  106,  91,  92,  93,  90,  ^ 

Pleasants 58,  59,  60,  101,  102,  156,  154,  155,  156 

Preston 40,  98,  120,  111,  88,  76,  95,  96.  94,  83,  85,  86,  87,  127,  136,  149 

Pidgeon 46,  39,  72,  78,  88,  89,  75,  76,  77,  95,  82,  85,  72,  125,  140,  73,  74 

Plummer 40,  46,  89,  127,  139,  74 

Pagon    40,   148 

Perdue 40,  67,  72,  71,  89,  59,  127,  139,  140 

Pretlow 16,  69,  64,  65,  66,  68,  104,  103,  139 

Payne   98,   104,  132,  133,  134 


INDEX.  285 

.r 

Peatross 54,  62,  14,  15,  98,  60.  50,  57,  59,  101,  10:5 

Popo 103 

Parsons   15,  91.  90.  57,  58,  59,  101,  102 

Piller 100 

Paxson 97,  72,  93,  75,  77,  84,  85 

Pennock   88,  89,  85 

Phelps  77,  96 

Patton    90 

Perkins 96 

Powell    95 

Parrisli 76 

Pollard    92 

Parker    91,   76 

Ricks 16,  68,  63,  64,  65,  06,  67,  68,  104,  122 

Roberts   40,  46,  97,  98,  117,  118,  119,  120,  121,  93,  90,  76,  94,  95, 

Roberts 82,  83,  84,  85,  86,  87,  74,  150,  162 

RatclifTe 15,  99,  92,  81,  88,  60,  82,  72,  73,  U 

Russell  46,  100,  59,  101,  129 

Redole 22,  101 

Redd  101 

Rogers   101,  124 

Rice    103 

Rucker  117 

Ross   101 

Richards 72,  78,  88,  89,  77,  96,  85 

Richardson 99,  70,  81,  85 

Reardson    85 

Robeson    85 

Reader    83 

Royall    95 

Royster     90 

Randle   89 

Rhodes 40,  88,  89 

Riddick    93 

Read  93 

Rice    92 

Strong     104 

Scott    64,  66 

Snead  75,  78,  86,  123 

Stanton 40,  41.  74,  71,  162,  73,  141,  165,  140,  120,  121,  128,  126,  86, 

Stanton 87,  84,  82,  94,  95,  77,  79,  76,  75,  81,  80,  79,  78,  93,  46,  119,  96 

Street   113 

Stone    73 

Swinney 73 

Schoolfield    149 

Smith 103,  91,  92,  129,  136,  137,  72 


2S6  INDEX. 

Swann    68 

Stevens 98 

Sumner   67 

Shejton 104 

Slaughter 72 

Stanley 104,  105,  lOG,  117,  16,  17,  18,  101,  102,  91,  78,  91,  92,  57, 

Stanley 59,  60,  130,  98,  99,  103,  148 

Stabler 46,  98,  79,  90,  57,  135,  137 

Speakman    96,  95,  127 

Straasberry   85 

Stratton  41,  97,  119,  120,  96,  80,  81,  88,  89,  70,  95,  94,  93,  82,  86 

Schofield 94 

Smithson   96 

Straly 96 

Sehooly 88,  89.  77 

Speneer    93 

Slade    93 

Sinton 68,  70,  65,  93 

Sydnor 70,  105 

Sea     71 

Summerell   68 

Tiller   103 

Timberlake   43,  71.  73.  76,  81.  82,  96,  120,  162,  165 

Terrell   8,  12,  41,  149,  53,  151,  152,  156,  155,  154,  75,  147,  145, 

Terrell 141,  140.  139,  137,  134,  128,  129,  102,  103 

Terrell   19,  20,  21,  22,  84,  82,  96,  95,  59,  60,  57,  58,  56,  55,  76,  90, 

Terrell 87,  81,  80,  78,  79,  47,  41 

Terrell 42,  52,  53,  54,  55,  63,  64,  69,  70,  71,  61,  148,  62,  162 

Terrell 96,  97,  94,  109,  120,  100,  161 

Tend   72 

Terry    ." 97,   73 

Tyree 98,  74,  83,  82,  95,  93 

Talbot 132 

Trimble    104 

Tomlinson    129 

Thomas    110 

Tullis  42,  47,  64,  117,  97,  86,  87,  84,  81,  96,  77,  79,  149,  119 

Turner 67,  72,  91,  85 

Tennison   75,  84 

TiMii])l('    54.   56 

'J-ui^^l(.   ., 77,  88. 

Tityltrr  ': 68,  76,  90,  91 

Teazle   ! - 75,  76,  96 

Thurman    72,   88 

Turpiii    78 

Trevillian   91 


INDEX.  287 

Tate    71 

Taber G4,  103 

Vest    G8 

Vaiishaii   22,  105,  lOG,  64,  63,  102,  !)1,  1)2,  103,  104 

Via  95,  11!) 

Willis    Gil 

Wood 73,  91,  123,  150 

^^'ilIiams   79,  72,  85,  120 

Wiley   129 

^^■hite   69,  64,  65,  67 

Welch   43,  47,  97,  125 

Wilson    122 

Wiim    103 

Winston 66,  67,  97,  64,  22.  70,  53,  68,  55,  59,  95,  100,  106,  101,  102,  104 

Watts   102 

Watkins 91,  90,  57,  101,  102,  126 

Wilkison    87 

Wright .,-,-4$,  117,  76,  85,  86,  96,  93,  124 

Ward  47,  97,  96 

WTiitlock  69,  70,  65,  66,  67,  iJ3,  96 

Wildman 43,  81,  89,  94,  95,  120 

Wilkins    - -  •    60 

Woodson   00,  91 

Willetts    6S 

Waldrop    103 

Woodford    89 

Williams 1  IS 

Waddell   93 

Watson 91 

Walker 113 

WebsteF   92 

W^orthingtcn   67 

Young    98 

Younghusband   90,  91 


^'   11334