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OUR

1 ■ ■

UAKER Friends

OF YE OLDEN TIME

BEING IN PART A TRANSCRIPT OF THE MINUTE BOOKS OF

CEDAR CREEK MEETING, HANOVER COUNTY,

AND THE SOUTH RIVER MEETING,

CAMPBELL COUNTY, VA.

J. P. BELL COMPANY, Publishers,

LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA.

1905

PUBLISHER'S NOTICE.

My maternal ancestors, the Terrell family, were Quakers, and
sometimes in my early childhood I attended their meetings for
worship, held in the old Meetinghouse at Golansville, in Caroline
County, Va., and still retaining a love for these good people,
I have for some time past contemplated publishing a book giv-
ing an account of their religious belief, and manner of conduct-
ing their meetings.

Through a member of the Society of Friends, in Richmond,
Va., I have obtained extracts from some of their old Min-
ute books, which I hope will be of interest to my readers ; I also
make extracts from The Southern Friend (a religious journal
published in Richmond during the Civil War).

"Southern Heroes," a book published since the war. setting
forth the stand taken by Friends, who would endure persecution
rather than go forth to slay their fellow man.

I also have a little tract issued by the New York Yearly Meet-
ing, entitled: "A Brief View of the Doctrines of Friends,"
which I shall use.

The Quakers have done much for the Christian world in
preaching that the baptism of the Holy Spirit is essential to
salvation, and that at all times, and under all circumstances,
they should seek to be guided by the Holy Spirit; hencC', when
they assemble for worship, they wait in silence before the Lord
until they shall feel that he has given them a message to deliver
to the people. It was this belief in the guidance of the Holy
Spirit and this silent waiting before the Lord that gave rise
to the saying that the '^Quakers are waiting for the Spirit to
move them."

There is a depth of meaning to this waiting before the Lord
that only the true spiritually minded can comprehend. True wor-
ship is the communion of the soul with its Maker.

IV PUBLISHER S NOTICE.

''Friends" liave done much for the bettering of the world in
Hberating their slaves and in aiding in every way possible the abol-
ition of slavery. Also their faithful testimony against Oaths
has made the Courts accept the "Affirmation" as binding the same
as the oath, and all who have conscientious scruples against taking
an oath can take the "affirmation."

My readers will be interested in reading over the "Marriage
Certificates" to see that the Quakers really marry themselves,
or as they say, "take each other in marriage." First, consent
of the parents or guardians must be obtained ; then the consent
of the Meeting. In olden times the man and woman had to go
before the men's meeting, and then before the women's (Month-
ly Meeting) and "declare their intentions," as it was called. But
now they send in their "intentions" in writing, and the Monthly
Meeting appoints a committee to visit them, and ascertain
whether they are free from any other engagements and have
full consent of parents or guardians. "jSTo obstruction appearing,"
they can be married as soon as they may desire, after the favor-
able report of the committee.

The Monthly Meeting that accepts the report of the Com-
mittee appoints another Committee to attend the marriage, to
see that it is conducted in the proper manner, and report to the
next Monthly Meeting.

In reading the DisoA\mments, you will discover that most
of them were for "marrying out," that was, marrying one of
another demonination, or being married by an "hireling priest,",
as the ministers of other churches were called. The Quakers
began after a while to see that this was a serious loss to the
Church, and now they are allowed to marry those of other
churches, if they are married by "Friends' Ceremony."

The members are still dealt with and disowned for drunlv-
eness, immorality, or for engaging in clandestine trade, and are
advised against hazardous or speculative trade, or engaging in
any business beyond their ability to manage.

The reader will also notice that before granting a Certificate
of Removal, tlie Monthly Meeting saw to it that the business
affairs of the applicant were properly adjusted and settled before

publisher's notice. V

the certificate was granted, that their business affairs should not
bring discredit upon the Meeting.

The Friends not only liberated their o^vn slaves, but also used
every effort for the abolition of slavery. They did not allow
their members to liire a slave, or take the position of overseer
of slaves. The Quakers in jSTorth Carolina and Virginia were
at one time a large body, but the bitter feeling against them,
because of their anti-slaveiy views caused them to seek homes
in the free States, and soon many of the meetings were so de-
pleted that they had to be ''laid doT\Ti." Doubtless many of
my readers in the Western States ^vill say, as they read these
pages, "^'Yes, my ancestors came from Virginia.''

*J. P. BELL,
Of J. P. Bell Company,

Lynchburg, Va.

* Quaker name : James Pinkney Pleasant BeU.

TABLE OF CONTENTS,

Births and Deaths . . ' . . . . . 3-47

Marriages ........ 51-106

Removals 109-141

DiSOWNMENTS ........ 145-157

Confession and Condemnation ..... 161-166

Appendix :

I. Historical Sketch 171-239

II. Doctrines Held by Society of Friends . . 240-248

III. Declaration of Faith 249-251

IV. Prominent Families 252-262

V. Colonial Church 263

One Hundred Years Ago— (A Poem) . . 264-265

VI. The Diary of John B. Crenshaw . . . 266-277

Index 279-287

BIRTHS AND DEATHS

A EECORD OP BIETHS AI^D DEATHS AMONGST FRIENDS

TAKEN FROM THE OLD RECORD BOOK OF

CEDAR CREEK MEETING, HANOVER

COUNTY, VIRGINIA.

Children of Richard and Ann Bloxsom of Louisa County.

BORN.
Mo. Day. Yeai\

Sarah 12-14-1764

William 8-24-1766

Richard 12-18-1767

Obadiah 4-10-1770

Gregory 10-17-1771

Gideon 9-17-1772

Ann 11- 7-1774

Mary 9- 7-1776

Elizabeth 11-17-1779

Children of William and Mary Ballard.

Thomas 11-12-1735

Frances 12-12-1737

Byrum 2-27-1740

Delphin 1- 5-1742

Moorman 3-16-1747

David 4- 9-1750

Children of George and Cicely Bell of Louisa County.

Robert 2-15-1764

George 7-13-1767

Nathan 4- 5-1769

Ashley 12- 2-1770

Anthony 7-22-1773

Pleasant 12-21-1777

Children of Benjamin and Tace Bates of Hanover County.

Lucy 5- 6-1795

Micajah 6-12-1797

Martha 3-17-1800

4 BIETHS AND DEATHS.

BORN.
Mo. Day. Tear.

Tace Crew 10-11-1803

William Savery 4- 7-1806

Fleming 3- 1-1808

Children of Fleming and Unity Bates of Hanover County.

Benjamin Spenee 8-14-1804

Margaret 3-12-1806

Deborah 7-24-1807

Lemuel 11- 4-1808

Unity 3- 6-1810

Hannah 6-15-1811

Fleming 10-25-1812

Edward 5-11-1814

Children of Philip and Susana Brooks of Hanover County.

(from Culpeper).

Sarah 11-22-1802

Children of Menoah and Anne Chiles of Caroline County.

John 5- 3-1747

Anne 9- 6-1750

Henry 5-11-1752

Patty 3- 9-1757

Samuel 12-12-1759

Children of Joseph and Agnes Crew of Hanover County.

Armisby 8-31-1745

Mary 1-26-1749

Micajah Crew 7-22-1750

Mcholas 3-26-1752

Agatha 3-19-1753

si^ey 7-16-1754

Joseph

Children of Thomas and Judith Cheadle of Caroline County.

Molly 8-13-1748

John 8-27-1749

George 10-19-1750

Thomas 10- 7-1753

BIETHS AND DEATHS. 5

Children of Micajah and Judith Clark of Louisa County.

BORN.
Mo. Day. Year.

Christopher 2-20-1737

Eobert 6-15-1738

Mourning 6- 6-17-iO

Micajah " 12-27-1741

John 10-26-1743

Edward 10-12-1745

Children of Boling and Winifred Clarke of Louisa County.

Christopher 2-29-1743

Elizabeth 11-12-1744

Children of Frances and Christianna Clarke.

MoUey 9-17-1747

Betty 11-22-1748

Nicholas 2- 6-1750

Francis 2- 7-1753

Children of John and Anne Clarke.

Thomas 7-30-1746

Francis 8- 5-1748

John 11- 3-1750

Children of James and Judith Crew of Hanover County.

TJnity 8-31-1760

Littleberry 12-18-1762

Jesse 1-18-1765

Obadiah 3-31-1767

Sarah 7-16-1769

Judith 2- 1-1772

James 1- 5-1774

Dorothy 6-27-1776

Benjamin 5-21-1779

M&Tj 7-20-1781

Children of Micajah and Margaret Crew.

Taee 8-30-1776

Lemuel 8- 5-1778

G BIETHS AND DEATHS.

BORN.

Mo. Day. Tear.

Unity 9-25-1780

Walter 12-28-178-t

Talitha 2-10-1788

Margaret 5-31-1790

Susanna 10-15-1792

Deborah D 11-25-1794

Children of Pleasant and Amy Cobb of Caroline County.

Thomas 4-21-1786

Rebecca 10-20-1787

Mary 3-18-1789

Rhocla 9-30-1790

Abigal 3-28-1792

Elizabeth 11-19-1793

Pleasant 12-13-1795

Joseph 6-21-1797

Anselm 4-16-1799

Joanna 6-17-1803

Robert 2-16-1806

Children of Samuel and Ann Couch of Grooehland County.

Daniel

Ann Wolston

Margaret

James

Deborah

Rebecca 2-26-1796

Mary Younghusband —

Children of Littlebury and Huldah Crew of Hanover County.

James 9-22-179S

Benjamin 11-16-1799

John 4-30-1801

Milley 9-21-1802

Children of James and Charlotte Cowgill of Hanover Co. (Culpeper)

Rachel 18-18-1794

Abigal 10-16-1796

BIRTHS AXD DEATHS. 7

BOEX.
Mo. Day. Tear,

John 8-21-1798

James 5-21-1801

Children of Jesse and Peggy Crew of Hanover County.

Lancelot 8-19-1807

Elizabeth Ladd 9-29-1808

Judith 10-15-1809

Owen Milton G-29-1811

Obadiah 11- 5-1812

Children of Walter and Sarah Bacon Crew of Hanover County.

Jane Temperance 1-17-1821

Margaret Talitha 8-31-1822

Mary Eice 9-21-1821

William Eice 12-12-1826

Sarah Bacon 4- 1-1828

Susan Unity 3-27-1830

Walter Fleming 1-11-1832

Deborah Tace 9-14-1833

Micajah Lemuel 6-13-1835

Samuel Izard 10-16-1837

Ann Eliza 12-16-1839

Martha Louis 11- 9-1841

Lucy Bell 8-18-1844

Xathaniel Edmond 8-10-1848

Children of Nathaniel C. and Deborah D. Crew Crenshaw.
John Bacon 5- 2-1820

Children of Nathaniel C. and Mary Y. Crenshaw.
Edmund Austin 2- 4-1827

Children of Nathaniel C. and Jane Denson Pretlow Crenshaw.

Elizabeth Ann 5-21-1830

Mary Jane 7- 5-1833

» BIETHS AND DEATHS.

Children of John Bacon and Rachel Hoge Crenshaw.

BORN".
Mo. Day. Year.

Nathaniel Bacon 12-18-1845

Deborah Ann 5-18-1848

Margaret Elizabeth 6-22-1849

James Hoge 12-23-1851

Eliza Catharine 11-22-1853

Eachel Frances 10-20-1855

John Austin 5-16-1857

John Chapman 7-30-1858

Children of John Bacon and Judith Willets Crenshaw.

Willetts Bassett 12-16-1861

Mary Frances 11- 9-1863

Judith Isabella 7-10-1865

Edmund Bacon 5-27-1869

Walter Crew 8-17-1870

Sarah Willetts 2-17-1872

Children of Alfred and Hannah Cranstone.

Charles 4- 1-1853

Alfred Henry 3-12-1855

William 3- 4-1859

Children of James Hoge and Belle Pleasants Crenshaw.

James H., Jr 2- 8-1880

William Pleasants 3-11-1881

Eachel 3-25-1882

Henry Pleasants 4-29-1884

Walter Crew 6-11-1887

Joseph Pleasants 11- 2-1890

Children of John and Judith Douglas.

Charles 4-29-1732

Elizabeth 12-18-1733

Thomas 9- 2-1740

Polly 6-12-1744

Judith 7-18-1746

John 8- 8-1748

BIRTHS AXD DEATHS. 9

BOEN".
Mo. Day. Year.

Anne 2-10-1750

AcMUis 2-22-1752

Dorcas 1- 9-1755

Children of David and Mary Garland.
Elizabeth 9-10-1745

Children of Daniel and Mary Harris of Hanover County.

John 1-11-1731

Edith 12-20-1733

ComeHus 11-11-1735

Moses 3-31-1738

Mary 10-20-1740

Daniel

Nicholas

Thomas

Children of Samuel and Martha Hargrave of Caroline County.

Jesse 7- 8-1752

Samuel 9- 9-1754

Elizabeth 12-28-1756

Mar}' 3- 7-1759

Martha 8-10-1761

Sarah 10-15-1763

Thomas 1-31-1766

John 8-21-1768

Children of Moses and Elizabeth Harris.
Sarah 11-11-1762

Children of Moses and Sophia Harris.

William Eley 12- 3-1768

Sally and Priscilla 4-27-1772

Children of Henry Philip and Mary Hart.

James Philips 6-20-1741

William 2-13-1743

John 3-18-1745

10 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

BOEN.
Mo. Day. Year.

Joseph 12- 3-1743

Elizabeth 2- 3-1751

Children of Jeremiah and Ann Harris, Cedar Creek, Hanover.

Sally 6- 7-17G7

Jolin 8-11-170!)

Lucy 3-15-1772

Cheadle 6- 9-1774

Elizabeth 11-22-1779

Children of John and Alice Hutchins of Goochland County.

Jonathan 2-28-1763

Agatha 1-21-1764

Susanna 1-15-1769

Mary 1-20-1771

Elizabeth 1-12-1772

Thomas 11-23-1774

Strangeman 9-15-1776

William 8-14-1778

Patrick 3-10-1781

Children of Joseph and Rachel Hargrave of Caroline County.

Garland 1-30-1793

Lucy 2- 3-1797

Children of Thomas and Chlotilda Harris of Hanover County.

Deborah 12-17-1787

Eebecca 9-24-1790

Benjamin 2-24-1794

Isabella 4- 2-1803

Sarah Ann 1-15-1809

Children of Samuel and Lucy Hargrave of Caroline County.
Salley 3-12-1784

Children of Benjamin and Sarah Harris of Caroline County.
Thomas 3-17-1760

BIRTHS AND DEATHS. 11

Children of James and Rebecca Hunnicutt of Goochland County.

BORX.
Mo. Day. Year.

John Murdaugh 12-16-1773

Ann 9- 6-1775

Miriam Murdangh 9-21-1777

James 2-12-1780

Thomas Pretlow 9- .5-1782

Children of Thomas and Unity Harris of Hanover County.

Benjamin 2-10-1806

Children of Benjamin and Mary Johnson.

Thomas 11-11-1749

John 1-11-1751

Andrew 1- 7-1751

Wimam 8-13-1756

Children of Ashley and Agatha Johnson of Amelia Connty.

John 12-19-1717

Children of Ashley and Mary Johnson of Amelia County.

Elizabeth 5-11-1752

Mary 12-18-1753

Jane 5-29-1755

Gerard 1-26 1757

Benjamin 7-10-1758

Drusilla 4-26-1761

Anne 1-1-5-1763

Ashley 5- 4-1766

Edith 9-11-1769

Thomas Watkins 11-23-1771

Children of Jesse and Elizabeth Johnson of Amelia County.

Benjamin 10-21-1752

John 1-31-1754

Jesse 9-7-1755

William 5- 8-1757

Sarah 4-10-1759

Thomas 12- 1-1760

12 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

BORN.
Mo. Day. Year.

Elizabeth 9- 7-1763

Jane 4-19-1766

Agatha 10- 8-1768

Watkins 4-15-1770

Children of William and Agatha Johnson of Amelia County.

Milley 3-12-1766

Elizabeth 10-24-1768

Zachariah 1-27-1770

William 7-28-1771

Eachel 11-30-1774

Charles 3- 4-1777

Pleasants 8-12-1780

Thomas 4-14-1783

Christopher 5-24-1785

Moorman 6-26-1787

Children of John and Lydia Johnson of Amelia County.

Judith 8-13-1755

Susanna 3-28-1757

James . 8-27-1758

Samuel 2-18-1761

Joseph 10- 1-1763

John 2- 5-1766

Thomas 12-29-1769

Lydia 1-29-1779

Children of Gerard and Judith Johnson.

Jane 5-30-1762

Elizabeth 12 1763

Benjamin 10-21-1765

Judith 11-11-1767

Gerard 6- 4-1769

John Watkins 3- 5-1771

David 9-30-1772

Elizabeth 12- 3-1774

Samuel — 16-1776

BIETHS AND DEATHS. 13

Children of John and Lydia Johnson.

BORN.
Mo. Day. Year.

Jonathan 3-13-1771

Strangeman 9-28-1773

Benjamin 3-26-1774

Agatha 11-21-1776

Ashly 1-15-1780

Children of Robert and Sarah Johnson of Louisa County.

Margaret 8- 5-1753

Children of Benjamin and Agnes Johnson of Louisa County.

Sarah 1-30-1739

Christopher 11-33-1731

WilHam 4-25-1731

Benjamin 8-34-1736

Penelope 2-27-1739

Collins 6-28-1741

Edward 3-23-1744

Agnes 12-11-1746

Children of Elijah and Betsy Johnson of Louisa County.

Thomas Garland 4-22-1794

James 1-12-1796

Sally 6-26-1797

Patsey 2-16-1801

Children of John and Dorothy Johnson of Hanover.

Benjamin 13-15-1797

Sarah 10-37-1799

Penelope 3-13-1802

Judith 5- 9-1804

James and Deborah 5-28-1807

Deborah 11- 8-1809

Unity and Marv- 4-11-1811

Children of Catlett and Sarah Jones.

Ann 4- 8-1804

Benjamin 4-20-1805

14 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

Children of Thomas and Rachel Moorman of Louisa County.

BORN.
Mo. Day. Tear.

Mary 12-19-1730

Zachariah 2- 2-1732

Micajah 6-28-1735

Elizabeth 2- 2-1738

Thomas 6- 6-1740

Mildred 11-25-1742

Pleasant 3-19-1745

Children of Charles and Mary Moorman of Louisa County.

Elizabeth 2- 9-1738

Lucy 2-20-1741

Aggy 2-26-1743

Charles 6-28-1746

Judith 6-26-1748

Molley 9-25-1751

Eobert 11-16-1753

Thomas 11-25-1756

Children of John Wilson and Mildred Maddox of Hanover County.

Thomas 4- 2-1775

John 1-16-1777

William Griffin 3- 9-1779

Wilson 4- 9-1781

Children of William Griffin and Mary Maddox of Hanover County.

Edwin Milton 7-21-1810

William Garland 6- 1-1812

Maria Ann 5-10-1815

Children of Thomas and Jane Maddox of Caroline County.

Eliza 4- 2-1811

Wilson 7-24-1813

Children of John and Sarah Peatross of Caroline County.

Mary 1-11-1776

Amey 1-22-1778

Anna 4- 5-1780

BIRTHS AND DEATHS. 15

BORN.
Mo. Day. Year.

Ehoda -. 6-27-1784

Elizabeth 2- 9-1790

Kelson 4-25-1792

Children of Samuel and Sarah Parsons, Bellville, Goochland County.

Samuel Pleasants 9- 5-1783

Margaret P 11-25-1786

Children of Thomas Snowden and Elizabeth Tucker Pleasants.

Elizabeth Snowden 1-20-1792

Children of William Henry and Mary Pleasants of Goochland

County.

Thomas Snowden 11-29-1796

Joseph Jordan 1-19-1799

Children of Joseph Jordan and Martha Bates Pleasants of Hanover.

Benjamin Bates 7-23-1820

Mary Snowden 8-3-1824

William Henry 5-16-1827

George Dillwyn 10- 7-1830

Ann Josephine 8-16-1833

Margaret Isabella 6-26-1836

Walter Frederick 6-16-1839

Julia and Maria 6-30-1842

Children of William Henry and Eliza J. Pleasants of Richmond.

Lydia Alice 3-26-1853

Heney Abijah 9-15-1854

Martha Isabella 2-26-1859

Asa Janney 11-27-1869

Children of William and Elizabeth Ratcliffe.

Mary 3-25-1760

Harrison 3-11-1762

William 1-14-1764

John 11-11-1766

Gideon 5-21-1769

16 BIETHS AND DEATHS.

Children of Alfred and Mary Terrell Ricks of Southampton County.

BORN.
Mo. Day. Year.

Julia W

Elizabeth H — - —

Kichard A

Mary Winston —

Walter A

Deborah ■

Samuella T —

Julia W married Bowling H. Winston, of Indiana. No children.

Elizabeth H. married Oswin White, of North Carolina.

Alfred R. White, son of Elizabeth H. and Oswiu White.

Walter A., never married.

Deborah married John Pretlow, of Southampton County. No
children.

Ella T. married John C. Winston. No children.

Children of Eichard A. and Eliza Crenshaw Ricks.

*Juliau W 3-11-1883

Katharine C 6-20-1883

Eichard A., Jr 6-10-1885

James Hoge 7-15-1886

Children of Mary W. Ricks and Samuel B. Pretlow.

Mary Terrell —

Fannie M •

Julia

Jane D

Children of Thomas Stanley by his first Wife.

Maddox 8-17-1715

Elizabeth 3-29-1718

Children by Elizabeth his second Wife.

Margery 8-1-1722

Mary 6- 5-1729

Thomas 2- 9-1731

Pleasant 4-25-1733

John 1-27-1735

* Died 6-29-1882.

BIRTHS AND DEATHS. 17

BORN.
Mo. Day. Year.

Zachariah 10- 6-1737

Sarah 1- 6-1739

Anne 6- 7-1741

Nathan 1- 7-1743

Joseph 10-21-1747

Children of James and Catharine Stanley of Hanover County.

William 6- 4-1729

James 3-26-1731

Mary 6-27-1733

Martha 3-21-1736

Micajah 4-28-1739

Agnes 6-20-1743

Strangeman 11- 7-1745

Elijah 10- 7-1750

Children of Hnldah and Maddox Stanley of Hanover County.

John 1-23-1747

Elizabeth 5-15-1749

William 7-22-1750

Obediah 4-27-1751

Mary 10- 7-1753

Eaehel 6- 6-1757

Huldah 9- 2-1759

Maddox 3-15-1761

Children of James and Elizabeth Stanley.

Caleb 8- 6-1758

Children of William and Elizabeth Stanley.

Samuel 9-21-1759

Hannah 1- 2-1762

Children of Achillis and Elizabeth Stanley.

Agnes 6-24-1768

Jesse 10-24-1770

18 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

Children of Zachariah and Sarah Stanley.

BOEN".
Mo. Day. Year.

Susannah 12- 8-1775

Abraham 8- 7-1777

Abigal 2- 5-1780

Zachariah 19-15-1782

Children of Thomas and Unity Stanley.

Moses 11-15-1781

John 11- 2-1783

Temperance 2-22-1786

James 3-10-1787

Joseph 2- 9-1789

Benjamin 2-10-1791

Judith 9-28-1793

Abigal 10-19-1796

Unity 8-19-1799

Children of Littlebury and Agness Stanley.

Solomon 12-26-1787

Martha 11- 8-1789

Children of Thomas and Edith Stanley.

Milley 9- 7-1791

Edmund 2-10-1793

John 9-19-1795

Elijah 9- 8-1796

Frances 10- 1-1798

Children of Thomas and Priscilla Stanley.

Isaac 3-24-1803

Thomas Binford 9- 5-1805

Children of Waddy and Rebekah Stanley.

Samuel 4- 1-1796

Priscilla 7-15-1798

Lucy 4- 9-1801

Anne 6-23-1803

Joel 11-18-1805

BIRTHS AND DEATHS. 19

Children of Henry and Anne Terrell of Caroline County.

BORiSr.
Mo. Day. Tear.

Henry 1-29-1735

Thomas 8-20-1736

Betty 9- 7-1738

Anne 9-15-1740

Children of Henry and Sarah Terrell of Caroline County.

Ursula 3-11-1746

Charles 8- 3-1748

Judith 2- 6-1750

Abigal 10- 6-1751

George 6-28-1753

Tarlton 11-19-1754

Children of David and Sarah Terrell of Caroline County.

Agga 12-17-1749

Benjamin 11- 7-1750

Edward 2-12-1753

Sarah 1-10-1755

Winifred 10-14-1760

Marv' 4- 6-1757

David 3-11-1763

Henry 8-13-1767

Samuel 12-12-1769

Children of Pleasant and Catharine Terrell.

Lucy 9-17-1763

Jesse 5-10-1765

Eobert 1-24-1768

Samuel 1- 8-1770

Eachel 5- 3-1772

Kancy 2-17-1775

Pleasant 11-26-1778

Lemuel 7- 2-1781

Mary 2- 3-1784

20 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

Children of Samuel and Elizabeth Harris Terrell.

BORN.
Mo. Day. Year,

Mary Ann 11- 3-1801

Samuel 12-29-1802

Walter 4-14-1805

James 0 12- 2-1808

Henry 0 3- 2-1815

George Fox 10-16-1817

Children of Lemuel and Rebecca Terrell.

Catharine Pleasant ("Kitty") 3-28-1805

Eobert S -1807

Nancy Ann 1809

Mcey Lynch 1812

Lindsy L 1814

Ehoda W ^1816

Mary 1818

Sarah Eebecca 1822

Thomas Henry 1825

Children of Catherine Pleasant (Terrell) Bell.

James Pinkney 11-18-1830

William Lemuel 3 1833

Eobert Henr)' 4-19-1836

Mary Margaret 1838

Ehoda Ann

Eichard Thomas 1846

Children of Thomas and Rebecca Terrell.

Mathew Peatross 11- 8-1762

Amy 11- 8-1766

Ehoda 4- 8-1770

Thomas 2-17-1772

Timothy 3-23-1774

Joannah 3-31-1776

Joseph 9-29-1777

Eebecca 12-22-1780

BIRTHS AND DEATHS. 21

Children of Jonathan and Margaret Terrell.

BOKN.
Mo. Day. Tear.

Elizabeth 3-28-1778

Chiles 2-26-1780

Nanny 6-17-1782

John 5-24-1784

I^Ii^iam 11- 2-1786

Matilda 3-18-1789

Caleb 5-17-1791

Thomas 2-24-1794

Children of Jesse and Mary Terrell.

Sarah 6-10-1788

Parmelia 10-27-1790

Children of Jesse by Mary his second Wife.

Ehoda 10-15-1796

George 1- 1-1799

Mahlon 8-17-1802

Samuel 8-24-1804

Eliza Ann 4- 3-1807

Children of Matthew Peatross and Sally Terrell.

Mahala 4-27-1790

Rachel 11- 2-1795

Thomas 2-15-1798

Clark 11-29-1799

Joannah 4- 3-1802

Mathew 3-28-1804

Children of Timothy and Miriam M. Terrell.
Maria 4-25-1799

Children of Timothy by Mary his second Wife.
Caty 7-11-1804

Children of Joseph and Sarah Terrell.

Anna Lynch 1- 2-1807

Lucy 8-23-1810

Joseph Walker 9- 5-1812

William Penn 2-25-1815

22 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

Deaths taken from the family Bible of Mary A. Terrell Eicks.

DIED.
Mo. Day. Year.

Pleasant Terrell 1-11-1803

Caty, his wife 4-24-1813

Samuel, son of Pleasant and Caty 8-14-1844

Elizabeth, wife of Samuel 1- 5-1853

Eobert, son of Pleasant and Caty Terrell, married ITancy Nelson
1-4-1817, who died 5-27-1825, and he married Sarah T. Burmss.
Eobert died 2-9-1845, without issue.

Children of Samuel and Elizabeth H. Terrell.

Mary A. T. Eicks 10-18-1870

Samuel 10-19-1826

*Walter 1-30-1887

James P 10-14-1867

Henry 0., supposed to have been killed by the Indians. . —

George Fox 5-28-1855

Children of Benjamin and Margaret Vaughan of Hanover County.

BOEN.
Mo. Day. Year.

Matilda 1-29-1796

Lemuel 8-12-1797

BowHng 8-30-1799

Joseph 8-22-1801

John Ladd 11-21-1803

Benjamin 11-30-1805

Anna Ladd 3-22-1808

Lucy Dabney 3-24-1810

Margaretta B 7- 2-1813

Mary 7- 2-1813

Children of Nathaniel and Jemimah Winston of Caroline County.

Mary 7-28-1750

Samuel 9-19-1752

Eebeeca 2-28-1755

Anthony 4- 1-1757

George 12- 7-1759

* Walter TerreU married M. Talitha Crew 10-3-1850, who died 10-13-1853, leaving one
daugliter, Mary Terrell, now Mrs. Euclid Saunders, of Iowa City, Iowa.

BIETHS AND DEATHS. 23

RECORD OF DEATHS TAKEN FROM THE OLD RECORD BOOK
OF CEDAR CREEK MEETING OF HANOVER COUNTY.*

DIED.
Mo. Day. Year.

Byrom^ son of Byrom and Eleanor Ballard 12-1^-1769

Byrom, son of Byrom and Eleanor Ballard 11- 9-1774

BateS;, Fleming, son of Benjamin and Tace Bates 9- 8-1809

Bates, Tace, daughter of Benjamin and Tace Bates. . . . 9-19-1892
Bates, Margaret, daughter of Fleming and Unity Bates. 3-22-1806
Crew, Margaret, daughter of ]\Iicajah and Margaret

Crew 12- 3-1863

Crew, John, son of Littlehun^ and Hnldah 10-26-1801

Crenshaw, Eachel, wife of John Bacon Crenshaw 11-20-1858

Crenshaw, Eachel. daughter of J. B. and E. H 9 1857

Crenshaw, John A., son of J. B. and E. H 9 1857

Crenshaw, John C, son of J. B. and E. H 11-14-1863

Crenshaw, Willetts, son of J. B. and Judith 9-17-1863

Crenshaw, Mary F., daughter of J. B. and Judith 9-13-1864

Crenshaw, Edmund B., son of J. B and Judith 3-18-1870

Crenshaw, Walter C, son of J. B and Judith 3-10-1871

Crenshaw, Nathaniel C, son of John and Elizabeth. . . 5-22-1866
Crenshaw, John Bacon, son of N^athaniel and Deborah. . 5-10-1889
Hargi-ave, Salley, daughter of Samuel and Lucy Har-

grave, of Caroline County 10-27-1786

Johnson, Sarah, daughter of Jesse and Elizabeth John-
son 9- 4-1794

Jones, Ann, daughter of Catlett and Sarah Jones 5- 2-1805

Johnson, Deborah, daughter of John and Dorothy .... 7-13-1810
Pleasants, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas S. and Eliza-
beth T 8-31-1796

Pleasants, Martha E., daughter of Joseph J and Martha

1 9-14-1S42

Pleasants, Lydia A., daughter of William H. and Eliza

J 6-27-1853

Pleasants, Henry A., son of William H. and Eliza J. . . 3- 2-1883

*This Record Book has been very poorly kept, as can be seen.

24 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

EECORD OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS AMONGST FEIENDS

IN CAMPBELL AND BEDFORD COUNTIES,

TAKEN FROM THE OLD SOUTHRIYER

MEETING BOOK.

Children of Christopher and Judith Anthony.

BORN.
Mo. Day. Tear,

Mary 9-2 1766

Joseph 12- 8-1767

EHzabeth 10- 9-1769

Charles 10-21-1773

Children of Christopher and Mary Anthony.

Christopher 12- 6-1776

Samuel 1-26-1779

Hannah 10-27-1781

Sarah 2-21-1784

Penelope 4-15-1786

Jordan 8-10-1788

Rachel 6-25-1791

Charlotte 10-19-1793

Children of Joseph and Rhoda Anthony.
Samuel Parsons 2-12-1792

Children of John and Eachel Anderson.

Richard P 4- 9-1780

Rachel 1-20-1783

Orpah 6-24-1785

Elizabeth 7-16-1788

Wm. Pauling 4- 4-1792

Children of Byrum and Eleanor Ballard.

Mary 6-16-1764

Betty 11- 1-1765

William 7-20-1767

Byrum 5-14-1769

Amos 11-15-1770

BIRTHS AXD DEATHS. 25

Children of Barclay and Judith Ballard.

BORN.
Mo. Day. Tear.

B}Tiim 6- 9-1773

Johnson 11- 3-1776

James 10-23-1777

Lydia 12- 7-1778

William 1-15-1780

Susanna 2- 9-1781

Samuel 6-26-1783

Thomas 3-21-1785

Children of William and Elizabeth Ballard.

Anthony 2-22-1789

Eleanor 6- 5-1790

Mary 1-23-1792

Asa 8-19-1793

Children of William and Nancy Ballard.
Granderson B 4-27-1808

Children of Byrum and Sarah Ballard.
Philip 6-18-1793

Children of Richard and Ann Bloxom.
Charles 10-27-1784

Children of William and Nancy Bloxom.

James 8-11-1795

Ann Smith 5- 8-1797

Elizabeth T 12-23-1799

Mariah 12-11-1802

Children of Benjamin and Rachel Butterworth.

Nancy 5-21-1791

Moorman 3- 5-1793

Benjamin 10-24-1794

Isaac 5- 7-1796

Samuel 6-30-1798

Eachel M 7-11-1800

26 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

BORN.
Mo. Day. Year.

William 9-27-1802

Henrj^ Thomas 6- 4-1809

Children of James S. and Deborah Butler.

Mary 8-11-1812

Ann Johnson 11-13-1814

Martha 8-27-1816

William 9-19-1818

James Edward 9-17-1820

Alfred 5-29-1822

Joseph 5- 5-1824

Children of Stephen and Mary Butler.

Deborah 2- 4-1797

Joseph 2-24-1800

Children of Stephen and Matilda Butler.

Anselm 10-24-1811

Edna 3-16-1813

Mary E 5-28-1815

Matilda 7- 9-1817

Children of Josiah and Susannah Bailey.

Almeda 5- 7-1805

Eobert Barclay 8-31-1806

Judith 2-24-1808

Daniel 6-11-1809

James Edwin 8- 9-1800

Mary Byrum 12- 6-1811

Susannah 5- 6-1813

Children of Stephen and Louisa Butler.

Matilda Ann 10-13-1822

William Exom 10-27-1824

Children of Thomas and Elizabeth Bailey.

Mary 4- 9-1806

John 1-21-1807

BIRTHS AND DEATHS. 27

Children of Thomas and Patty Burgess.

BOEN.

Mo. Day. Year,

EHzabeth 9-22-1801

Joseph 10- 9-1803

Jesse 11- 9-1805

Moses 4-28-1807

Mary 2- 1-1809

Tace and Martha 9- 5-1811

Children of James and Agatha Candler.

Lucy 2- 3-1787

Daniel 4-17-1788

Johnson 6-14-1789

Elizabeth 6- 6-1792

James 1- 4-1794

John 7- 7-1795

Henry 4-27-1797

Children of Mahlon and Elizabeth Cadwalader.

William 3-21-1810

Jane Daniel 9- 6-1812

Deborah Douglas 8-18-1815

Judith Jolmson 12-26-1818

Children of John and Rachel Coffee.

William 5- 5-1786

John 9- 2-1787

Joseph 8-6-1789

Eachel 9-10-1791

Mary 2-18-1793

Children of Thomas and Jane Cadwallader.

Elizabeth 1-31-1786

Mahlon 9-26-1787

Jonah 8-11-1789

Israel 7-28-1792

Children of Nicholas and Druscilla Crew.

Micajah 6-26-1783

John 9- 3-1785

28 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

Children of Joseph and Rebecca Curie.

BOEN.
Mo. Day. Year.

Sarah 12-15-1791

Children of John Candler.

John 2- 9-1766

Henry 1-22-1769

Children of Samuel and Annie Davis.

William 7- 3-1770

John 9-24-1774

Thomas 2-18-1777

Micajah 6-30-1779

Children of William and Mary Davis.

John 10-21-1775

Henry 1-21-1777

Susannah 4-29-1780

Elizabeth 12- 5-1782

Benjamin 6- 8-1785

Isaac 5-10-1788

Polly 3-25-1790

Nancy 10-26-1792

Louisa 3- 4-1794

Deborah 4-25-1797

Children of Micajah and Mary Davis.

Susanna 5-18-1776

Nancy 5- 9-1778

Martha and Mary 3- 6-1780

Samuel 3-22-1782

David 3- 7-1784

Eichard 12-19-1785

Micajah 10-25-1787

Annis 7- 1-1789

Eobert Pleasants 9-26-1792

Children of Elizabeth and Achillis Douglass.

Eobert Terrell 8- 1-1780

Sarah 6-19-1781

BIRTHS AND DEATHS. 29

BORN.
Mo. Day. Year.

Judith 6-27-1783

Milley 8-18-1785

Deborah 11-23-1787

Elizabeth 1- 9-1790

Mary 1-24-1792

Agatha 1-12-1794

Charles Terrell 9-12-1795

John Lynch 11-26-1797

Achillis Moorman 12-17-1800

Children of James and Hannah Daniel.
Mary 12- 4-1791

Children of Daniel and Edith Easley.

Sarah 2-13-1793

Mary Ann 10-17-1794

Euth 8-20-1796

John 9- 9-1798

Daniel 6- 2-1800

Eachel 6-14-1802

Eichard 9-22-1804

Isaac 8- 2-1806

Children of Moses and Mary Embree.

Eachel 10 1775

Moses 11- 8-1779

John 3-19-1784

Children of John and Ann Fowler.

Mary 10-22-1775

WiUiam 2-17-1778

John 5-22-1780

Christopher 4-25-1782

Nancy 12-10-1784

David and Judith 5-10-1787

Thomas 3-77-1790

Children of John and Rachel Fisher.
Eobert 10- 2-1800

30 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

Children of Joseph and Hannah Fisher.

BOEN.
Mo. Day. Year.

Sylvanus 10- 8-1797

Eacliel 5-14-1799

William 11-24-1800

Children of Robert and Catharine Hanna.

Thomas 5- 2-1777

Benjamin 6-14-1779

Esther 9- 6-1781

Da\dd 1- 9-1784

Caleb 8- 4-1786

Eobert 5-28-1789

Children of Isaac and Rachel Hatcher.

James 7-16-1789

William 5-22-1791

Lydia 12-17-1792

Children of Robert and Catharine Hatcher.

Esther 4-10-1792

Catharine 11-25-1794

Ann 7-30-1797

Children of Moses and Ruth Hendrick.

Amos 8-16-1759

Cloe 4- 5-1763

Sarah 11-20-1764

Judith 9- 7-1766

Obadiah 10-26-1767

Betty 11- 2-1769

Jeremiah 10-20-1772

Moses, Jr., 2-12-1778

Children of Amos and Hepzibah Holloway.

Phebe 1- 3-1787

Job 5-10-1793

Aaron 4-16-1795

Stephen 6-13-1789

BIRTHS AND DEATHS. 31

BOEN.
Mo. Day. Year.

Ehoda 3-25-1793

Hulda 8-30-1798

Jason 1-14-1801

Children of Asa and Mary HoUoway.

Stanton 2-26-1787

Mary- 2-20-1789

Sarah 8-19-1791

Isaac 6-15-1793

Hannah 10-15-1796

Eli 9-18-1798

James 12-12-1800

Children of William and Sarah Holloway.

John 5- 7-1791

Isaac 5-19-1792

Betsy 9-17-1793

Pleasant 4-23-1795

Samuel 9-12-1797

George 6- 3-1800

Children of Ashley and Milley Johnson.

Jeptha 6- 9-1783

Jonathan 3- 8-1785

Daniel 7-29-1787

William 1- 1-1790

mncy 4-24-1792

Abner 9- 1-1794

Agatha 1-17-1797

Martha 7- 7-1799

Children of Joseph and Agatha Johnson.

Simeon 6-20-1786

Joseph 2-10-1788

Betsy 1-22-1790

John 7-24-1793

Polly 12-16-1795

Kitty Winston 3-15-1798

Elvy 8-29-1800

32 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

BORN".
Mo. Day. Year.

Watkins 1-23-1803

Caroline Agnes 9- 9-1805

Children of Samuel and Susanna Johnson.

Thomas 3-21-1790

Samuel 12-28-1791

Moorman 1-27-1794

James 1-23-1796

Sarah 3-28-1798

John 4-19-1800

Children of Moorman and Elizabeth Johnson.

Susanna 10- 3-1780

James 12-19-1782

Milley 1- 7-1785

Micajah Moorman 1-15-1788

Christopher 11- 2-1791

Thomas Cliiles 12- 8-1794

Charles M 9-20-1797

Acliillis Clark 3-11-1800

Children of William and Agatha Johnson.
Nancy 6-23-1791

Children of William and Sarah Johnson.

Unity 6-17-1793

Eichard 9-11-1794

Jerusha 12-24-1796

Obadiah 5-26-1798

Gideon 4-26-1800

Children of John Jr. and Rhoda Johnson.

Joseph 4- 7-1791

Micajah 12-28-1792

John 1- 3-1795

Charles 1-14-1797

Polly 1-14-1799

Lewis 3- 7-1801

BIRTHS AND DEATHS. 33

Children of Christopher and Milley Johnson.

BORN.
Mo. Day. Year.

Susanna 7- 3-1785

Micajah 1-11-1788

Penelope 2-24-1790

James 9-26-1792

EUzabeth 5-18-1795

Children of Charles and Susanna Johnson.

David Terrell 3-10-1797

Anna 10-18-1798

Susanna 7-17-1800

Children of David and Rachel Johnson.

CoUins 1- 3-1799

William 10-30-1800

Children of Christopher and Sarah Johnson.

Samuel Hargrave 11-21-1785

Caleb 12- 1-1787

Patsy 7-19-1791

Lillibum 8-20-1793

Zalinda 12- 8-1796

Adeliza 10-24-1799

Children of William and Susanna Johnson.

Ashley 7-17-1756

Agnes 1-31-1758

Martha 3-19-1760

Jeptha 3-19-1761

Euth 6-12-1763

Eobert 5-18-1765

Newby 2-12-1767

Sarah 9-29-1769

William 1- 6-1772

Jolmathan 12-22-1774

Elijah 7-11-1777

Ann 1-11-1780

34 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

Children of Benjamin and Mary Johnson.

BORN".
Mo. Day. Year.

William 12-22-1757

James 12-20-1759

Eachel 3-26-1762

Elizabeth 5-15-1764

Mildred 7- 4-1766

Christopher 3- 4-1769

Lemuel 8-27-1782

Anselm 3-25-1786

Matilda 1-28-1792

Polly 2-13-1797

Gerard and Lucinda 3-21-1799

Children of Christopher and Betty Johnson.

Charles 9-27-1753

Ann 8-13-1755

Mary 5-27-1757

Benjamin 2-21-1759

Agnes 1-18-1761

Christopher 1- 4-1763

Nicholas — •

Betty 8- 3-1767

Thomas 1- 4-1770

Timothy 3-30-1772

David 10- 6-1776

Collins 10- 6-1776

Mourning 1-31-1779

Samuel 7-30-1782

Children of Charles and MoUey Johnson.

Moorman 2-21-1780

Betty 10-22-1781

Children of James and Eachel Johnson.

John 7-24-1782

Micaiah 5-24-1784

Edmond 5-24-1786

Ehoda 5-27-1788

BIRTHS AND DEATHS. 35

BORN.
Mo. Day. Tear.

Chiles 11-28-1790

Barclay 11-18-1793

Aehillis 2- 6-1795

Lydia 5-11-1797

Susanna 3-18-1800

Children of Nicholas and Patsy Johnson.

Nancy 2- 3-1789

Garland 10-26-1790

Pleasant 10- 4-1795

Jessie 6-26-1798

Johanna 3-26-1800

Salley 10-23-1804

Minor 5-29-1806

Martha 11-23-1809

Children of Newby and Sarah Johnson.

Achillis Douglas 6-18-1802

Edward Lynch 1- 9-1806

Children of Jonathan and Judith Johnson.

Wm. Douglas 11-14-1805

Micajah T 11-23-1807

Eobert 2-19-1810

EUzabeth 7-14-1812

Susannah 9-29-1814

Achillis Douglas 2- 8-1817

Sarah Ann 10-28-1819

Mildred Tyree 1-12-1822

Children of Simeon and Delilah Johnson,
Alfred Carroll 8-18-1806

Children of Anselm and Deborah Johnson.
Anselm Douglas 3-18-1811

Children of Nicholas and Caty Johnson.

Griffin 1- 5-1812

Mary Ann 12-30-1830

36 BIETHS AND DEATHS.

Children of Isaac and Sarah Johnson.

BOBJSr.
Mo. Day. Year.

John 9-30-1787

Elizabeth 4-18-1789

Joseph 3-30-1791

Mary 2-39-1793

Catharine 3- 5-1795

Sarah 13- 1-1798

Isaac 4 -3-1801

Children of John and Martha James.

Benjamin 10-13-1799

Elizabeth 4-16-1801

Children of Henry and Mary Kerby.

Esther 11- 5-1762

Obadiah 3-13-1765

Jeremiah 10- 5-1767

Archibald 11- 6-1769

Ezekiel 6-23-1771

Sarah : 9-11-1773

Hendrick 12-17-1774

Orpah 10-28-1775

Mary 1- 6-1778

Eichard 6-30-1780

Children of John and Mary Lynch.

Matilda 1-19-1769

Zalinda 2- 6-1772

Edward 6 24-1774

Sarah 3-31-1777

John 8-20-1779

Christopher 5-19-1783

Mary 13- 6-1784

Charles Clark 4 -1787

William 4- 9-1789

Anselm 11-35-1793

Hannah B 11-26-1796

BIRTHS AND DEATHS. 37

Children of Joel and Sarah Lewis.

BOEN".
Mo. Day. Year.

John 7-13-1791

Children of Edward and Mary Lynch.

Sarah 10- 8-1796

Zalinda 7- 6-1798

Micajah TerreU 10- 1-1800

John 8-15-1802

Charles Edward 10-30-1804

Christopher 3-29-1807

Mar}' 9-15-1808

Matilda 9-16-1811

Elizabeth Ann 8-24-1813

Children of Jocahad and Sarah Lodge.

Wm. Johnson 3-21-1794

Laban 7-16-1796

Is^elspn 2- 1-1799

Selina 6-17-1801

Children of Zachariah and Betty Moorman.

Anna 10-18-1756

MoUy 5-10-1758

Milley 10- 2-1760

Henry 12-11-1762

Rachel 1-26-1765

Agatha 5-13-1767

Thomas 10-22-1769

Samuel

Children of Micajah and Sarah Macy.

John 7- 1-1795

Sarah 11-25-1796

Samuel 4- 1-1802

Children of Micajah and Susannah Moorman.

Chiles 6-16-1758

Thomas 12-11-1755

Betty 10-30-1760

38 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

BORN.
Mo. Day. Year.

Eachel 3-11-1763

Milley 3-15-1765

Charles 1- 8-1767

Ehoda 8-15-1769

Susannah

Dosha

Nancy 3-18-1775

Sarah 6-1 1778

Micajah 9-20-1779

Molly 4-15-1783

Children of John and Ann Martin.

Samuel 7-29-1768

James 9-14-1770

Sarah 3-28-1773

Children of Stephen and Mary Morelan.

Aden 7-20-1774

Abigal 11-14-1776

Jonah 3-16-1779

William 12-11-1781

Isaac 4-18-1785

Huldah 3-28-1788

Eichard 2-18-1791

Mordica 5-14-1793

Children of Thomas and Affrica Moorman.

Eenben 3-29-1777

Nancy 1- 7-1779

Micajah 3-10-1781

John Hoye 11-13-1783

Chiles 8-15-1786

Thomas 1- 5-1789

James 2-10-1791

Charles TerreU 6-25-1795

Children of Charles and Elizabeth Moorman.

William 3- 8-1792

Nancy Faxon 7-20-1796

BIETHS AND DEATHS. . 39

BOKiSr.
Mo. Day. Year.

Fanny Herndon 4-10-1798

Eobert Alexander 2-15-1801

Children of Daniel and Elizabeth MePherson.

Mary 10-20-1783

Anna 6-27-1786

Sarah 7-29-1789

Elizabeth 3-10-1792

Martha 4-22-1794

Children of Beverly and Ann Milner.

Dudley 7-15-1779

Euth 4-27-1783

Moses 7- 4-1785

Beverly 1- 1-1788

Sarah 4-7 1790

Amos • 11-29-1792

Joseph 10-16-1795

John 8-25-1800

Children of Reuhen and Lydia Moorman.

Pauline 3-12-1800

Children of Andrew and Sarah Millbourne.

Zenas 9- 8-1783

Samuel 12-12-1786

Johnathan 1-20-1789

William 6-17-1791

Jacob 5-10-1792

Lot 7-31-1795

Annie 8-24-1797

David 3-15-1800

Children of Isaac and Elizabeth Pidgeon.

John 1-10-1794

William 3-5- 1796

Isaac 3-10-1798

Eachel 2-25-1801

40 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

Children of John Paxon.

BORN.
Mo. Day. Year.

Dosha 5-12-1794

Children of Asa and Grace Plnmmer. '

Eli 2-11-1797

Deborah 10-20-1798

Anna 4-10-1802

Jesse 7-12-1803

Ezra 11-21-11805

Children of Minter Pirn and Jemima Perdue.

Gresham 12-28-1790

Eebecca 6-23-1793

Children of Zenas and Elizabeth Preston.

Albert 4-17-1813

Vickers 9-29-1815

Urban 10- 9-1817

Children of Enoch and Matilda Koberts.

John Lynch 11-12-1789

John Lynch 5-10-1791

Samuel 10- 2-1793

WiUiam 2-28-1798

Mary Ann 11-28-1799

Zalinda — — 1806

Children of Joseph and Martha Rhodes.

Amy 10-12-1791

Moses 4-28-1794

Children of William and Phebe Stanton.
Aaron 8-10-1784

Children of James and Mary Stanton.

Hannah 12-19-1794

John 12- 7-1798

Children of William and Catharine Stanton.

Elizabeth 10-18-1789

Phebe 12-31-1791

BIRTHS AND DEATHS. 41

BORN".
Mo. Day. Year.

Ann 9-28-1794

Mahlon 3-28-1797

Samuel 10- 1-1799

Children of Latham and Huldah Stanton.

Hepzibah 10-14-1798

Elizabeth Hunnicutt 12-16-1800

Gulielma 4- 8-1803

Daniel 4- 6-1805

William 9- 7-1807

Stephen Butler 9- 8-1809

Children of Joseph and Dosha Stratton.

David 11-23-1793

Susanna 11- 2-1795

Nancy 11-16-1797

Joseph 2- 2-1800

Micajah 1-22-1802

Esther 2- 4-1804

Children of Daniel and Mary Stratton.

David 6- 6-1782

John 12-16-1784

Margaret 8-11-1787

Marj^ 2- 6-1793

Daniel 3- 9-1797

Children of Benjamin and Anna Stratton.

Eebecca 12-24-1796

Naomi 7-28-1798

Levi 8-23-1800

Children of Mahlon and Salley Stratton.
Levi 5- 8-1799

Children of Micajah and Sarah Terrell.

Eobert 5-23-1755

Elizabeth 8- 6-1757

Agatha 9-28-1759

Charles L 10-30-1761

42 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

BORN.
Mo. Day. Year,

Sarah 11- 3-1763

Samuel 4- 7-1766

Ann 10-26-1768

Mary 4-28-1773

Children of Edward and Mary Terrell.

Lucy 4-25-1773

Sarah 10-15-1775

Edward 2-18-1778

Elizabeth 9- 8-1781

Mary 7- 2-1784

Johnson 10-21-1786

Children of David and Mary Terrell.

Christopher 5- 5-1793

David 11-26-1795

Judith 1-23-1798

Pleasant 2- 2-1791

Children of Edward and Jane Terrell.

Judith 8-28-1796

Christopher 7-18-1798

Gerard 11- 3-1800

Jean 12-25-1802

Children of Richard and Jane TuUas.

Jolin 9-26-1762

Elizabeth 2- 3-1765

Eichard 8-24-1768

Martha 2- 9-1771

Children of John TuUas.
Nancy 1-11-1801

Children of John and Mary Timberlake.

Elizabeth 2- 9-1783

Mary 8-26-1784

BIRTHS AlfB DEATHS. 43

BORN.
Mo. Day. Year.

Eichard 9- 6-1786

Agnes 7-16-1788

Christopher 9- 6-1790

John 9- 4-1793

Mourning 10- 8-1794

Sally 8-26-1797

Children of Joseph and Elizabeth Wright.

Thomas 9- 7-1779

Nancy 2- 1-1783

Mary 10- 6-1784

John 10-27-1786

Elizabeth 10-27-1788

Benjamin 9-21-1791

Deborah 8-21-1785

Mahlon 1-19-1788

Mary 2-20-1790

Sarah 2-26-1792

Nancy 7- 6-1794

Jesse 10- 1-1796

William 7-19-1800

42 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

BORN.
Mo. Day. Year»

Sarah 11- 3-1763

Samuel 4- 7-1766

Ann 10-26-1768

Mary 4-28-1773

Children of Edward and Mary Terrell.

Lucy 4-25-1773

Sarah 10-15-1775

Edward 2-18-1778

Elizabeth 9- 8-1781

Mary 7- 2-1784

Johnson 10-21-1786

Children of David and Mary Terrell.

Christopher 5- 5-1793

David 11-26-1795

Children of Christopher J. Terrell (son of Edward Terrell and Jane
Johnson, his second wife) and Susan Kennerly Terrell.

*Alexander Watkins 10- 3-1827

fJohn Jay 8- 8-1829

JJoseph Christopher 9-29-1831

* Now living, Austin, Texas. Late minister to Turkey,
t Now living, Burtons Creek, Campbell county, Virginia.
t Now living, Fort Worth, Texas.

Eichard 8-24-1768

Martha 2- 9-1771

Children of John Tullas.

Nancy 1-11-1801

Children of John and Mary Timberlake,

Elizabeth 2- 9-1783

Mary 8-26-1784

BIRTHS AND DEATHS. 43

BORX.
Mo. Day. Year.

Eichard 9- 6-1786

Agnes 7-16-1788

Christopher 9- 6-1790

John 9- 4-1793

Mourning 10- 8-1794

Sally 8-26-1797

Children of Joseph and Elizabeth Wright.

Thomas 9- 7-1779

Nancy 2- 1-1783

Mary 10- 6-1784

John -. 10-27-1786

EHzabeth 10-27-1788

Benjamin 9-21-1791

Children of Samuel and Chloe Welch.

Euth 7- 7-1784

John 12-19-1785

Moses 2-10-1788

Turner 2-16-1790

Children of Abraham and Lettia Wildman.

Jonah 7- 8-1779

EHzabeth 7-11-1781

Amey 3-25-1783

Deborah 8-21-1785

Mahlon 1-19-1788

Mary 2-20-1790

Sarah 2-26-1792

Nancy 7- 6-1794

Jesse 10- 1-1796

William 7-19-1800

44 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

RECORD OF DEATHS AMONGST FRIENDS OF CAMPBELL AND BED-
FORD COUNTIES, TAKEN FROM THE OLD
SOUTHRIVER MEETING BOOK.

DIED.
Mo. Day. Year.

Anthony, Judith, wife of Christopher Anthony 1- 9-1774

Ballard, Byrum, son of Byrum and Eleanor Ballard. . ,12--20-1769

Bloxom, Obadiah, 4- 8-1790

Ballard, Eaehel, (82 years of age) 6-10-1792

Bntterworth, Isaac, son of Benjamin and Eaehel 12- 2-1801

Butler, James, Jr 11- 8-1801

Butler, Joseph, 9-24-1802

Ballard, James, 5- 7-1810

Ballard, William — 8-1816

Ballard, Barclay, 5- 4-1814

Butler, Stephen, 12- 2-1815

Bailey, Exom, 5-10-1818

Butler, Matilda, daughter of Stephen and Matilda Butler 9-20-1817

Butler, Matilda, wife of Stephen Butler 11-10-1817

Bailey, Anna, wife of Exom 8-11-1818

Bond, Isaac, 12- 7-1823

Butler, Mary, daughter of James L. and Deborah Butler 8- 8-1825

Ballard, Judith, wife of Barclay Ballard 7-17-1824

Butler, James, 6-26-1828

Curie, Sarah, daughter of Joseph and Eebecca Curie. . . 2- 6-1792

Curie, Eebecca, (40 years of age) 7-17-1793

Candler, Agatha, wife of James Candler 12-31-1817

Candler, James,, 1- 3-1826

Douglas, Eobert Terrell, son of Achillis and Elizabeth

Douglas 9- 7-1780

Douglas, Agatha, 10- 5-1794

Douglas, AchiUis, (aged 57) 11- 5-1810

Douglas, Charles Terrell, 8- 5-1818

Douglas, Mary Terrell, (aged 29) 10-13-1820

Douglas, Elizabeth, ividow of Achillis 2- 8-1826

Davis, Samuel, son of William and Zalinda Davis 9- 4-1818

Davis, John, son of William and Zalinda Davis 3-16-1824

Davis, Sarah, wife of Henry Davis 3- 9-1824

Davis, William, 9- 1-1829

BIRTHS AND DEATHS. 45

DIED.
Mo. Day. Year,

Davis, Mary, widow of William, (aged 85) 2-39-1839

Davis, Zalinda, widow of William Davis, Jr. (aged 67) . 5- 9-1839

Davis, Annis, widow of Samuel Davis, (aged 91) 12-14-1831

Eccols, William, 4 1771

Eccols, Sarah, 2- — ^1778

Eccols, William, 2-16-1794

Embree, Eachel, daughter of Moses and Mary Embree. . 4- 9-1788

Embree, Mary, wife of Moses Embree 2- 1-1793

Earmer, Henry, 5- 9-1787

Farmer, Agnes, 11-10-1797

Fisher, Eobert, 8-27-1797

Fowler, John, 3-12-1810

Fowler, Ann, (aged 77) 4- 7-1819

Hanna, Caleb, son of Eobert and Catharine Hanna. . . . 7-15-1790
Hanna, David, son of Eobert and Catharine Hanna. . . .10-25-1791
Hanna, Esther, daughter of Eobert and Catharine

Hanna 11- 5-1791

Hendrick, Moses, 9-11-1794

Hargrave, Elizabeth D. J., 6-14-1847

Johnson, Martha, daughter of William and Susannah

Johnson 5-14-1760

Johnson, Agnes, daughter of William and Susannah

Johnson 11- 8-1773

Johnson, Jeptha, son of William and Susannah Johnson. 3-8-1775

Johnson, Benjamin, 8-18-1769

Johnson, Edmund, son of James and Eachel Johnson. . 7-18-1790
Johnson, Achillis, son of James and Eachel Johnson. .11-11-1796
Johnson, Chiles, son of James and Eachel Johnson. . 5-29-1794

Johnson, Timothy, 12- 5-1801

Johnson, Sarah, wife of William Johnson, Jr. (of Sen-
eca) (aged 40) 5-21-1804

Johnson, Eachel, wife of David, 12- 5-1805

Johnson, Agatha, wife of Joseph Johnson (aged 42) . . 7-26-1805

Johnson, Betty, wife of Christopher, Sr., 3-16-1809

Johnson Martha, wife of Nicholas Johnson 11-23-1809

Johnson, John, Sr. (Ivy Creek) (aged 84) 8-31-1816

Johnson, David, (aged 63) 4-15-1816

46 BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

DIED.
Mo. Day. Year.

Johnson, Sarah Ann, daughter of Johnathan and Judith

Johnson 3- 7-1831

Johnson, Deborah, wife of LiUiburn, 5-13-1820

Johnson, Mildred Tyree, daughter of Johnathan and Ju-
dith Johnson 1-12-1832

Johnson, Sarah, wife of Newby, 9-26-1826

Johnson, Mary, (aged 93) 7-25-1849

Johnson, Gerard, 6-16-1857

Johnson, Judith, -wife of Johnathan Johnson, 3-26-1848

Jones, Martha, widow of Thomas Jones, (aged 82) .... 2-36-1825

Kerby, Elizabeth, (in her 80th year) 11- 6-1778

Kerby, Eichard, Jr., 10 1781

Lynch, Salley, daughter of John and Mary 2-25-1794

Lynch, Anna, widow of Charles Lynch 2-14-1804

Lynch, Hannah B., wife of Stephen Lynch 11-10-1817

Lynch, Anselin, son of John Lynch, Sr 11-12-1814

Lynch, John, 10-31-1820

Lynch, Mary, (aged 77) 8- 5-1839

Moorman, Thomas, 11-10-1767

Moorman. Chiles, son of Micajah and Susannah 9-22-1768

Moorman, Betty, wife of Zachariah 7-14-1773

Moorman, Eeuben, (aged 36) 9- 7-1813

Macy, Sarah, daughter of Micajah and Sarah Macy. . . . 8-12-1797

Macy, Sarah, wife of Micajah Macy 1-35-1797

Moorland, William, son of Stephen and Mary Moorland . 6-3 -1786

Plummer, Deborah, 10-11-1803

Plummer, Anna, 8-33-1804

Pidgeon, Elizabeth, wife of Isaac Pidgeon 8-15-1806

Pidgeon, Sarah, wife of Isaac Pidgeon 5- 1-1810

Eussell, Elizabeth, 11-18-1763

Eoberts, John Lynch, 7-31-1790

Eoberts, John Lynch, (two sons of the same name) . . . .11-16-1813

Eoberts, Enoch, 4- 7-1819

Eoberts, Zalinda, daughter of Enoch 11-31-1814

Eoberts, Matilda, 12-22-1830

Stanton, Phebe, wife of William Stanton, (aged 63) . . . 5-22-1802
Stabler, Mary Annis, wife of Eobinson Stabler 8- 5-1838

BIETHS AND DEATHS. 47

DIED.
Mo. Day. Tear.

Terrell, Samuel, son of Micajah and Sarah Terrell. . . .11- — 1776

Terrell, David, (aged 76) 2-14-1805

Tellas, Jane, (aged 79) 1-22-1813

Terrell, Jane, 6- 2-1815

Welch, Moses, son of Samnel and Chloe 6-26-1790

West, Jane, 12-20-1791

Ward, Sarah, 1-20-1792

Wildman, William, 3-10-1801

MARRIAGES

MAEEIAGE CERTIFICATES TAKEN FEOM THE OLD

RECOED BOOK OF CEDAE CEEEK MEETING,

HANOVEE COUNTY, YIEGINIA.

WHEEEAS Achillis Douglas, son of John Douglas, of Orange
county, and Elizabeth Terrell, daughter of Micajah Terrell,
of Caroline county, having published their intentions of taking each
other in -marriage before several Monthly ]\Ieetings of the people
called Quakers, according to good order used amongst them, whose
proceedings therein after deliberate consideration thereof, with re-
gard to the righteous law of God, and example of his people recorded
in the Scriptures of truth, in that case was approved of by the said
Meeting, they appearing clear of all others and having consent of
parents and friends concerned.

Now these are, therefore, to certify to all whom it may con-
cern, that for the full accomplishment of their intention this 10th
day of the 10th Month, 1779, they, the said AchilHs Douglas and
Elizabeth Terrell, appearing in a public assembly of the said people
and others, met together at their public Meeting House in Caroline
county, and in a solemn manner he, the said Achillis Douglas, did
take the said Elizabeth Terrell by the hand and openly declared as
followeth : Friends, you are my witnesses that I do this day take
this, my friend, Elizabeth Terrell, to he my wife, promising, with
the Lord's assistance, to be a good and faithful Husband to her till
death separates us (or words to that effect), then and there Eliza-
beth Terrell did in like manner declare as followeth : Friends, you
are my witnesses that I do this day take this, my friend, Achillis
Douglas, to be my husband, promising, with divine assistance, to
be to him a good and faithful wife until death should separate us
(or words to that effect). And the said Accillis Douglas and Eli-
zabeth (now his wife) as a further confirmation, did then and there
to these present set their hands, she assuming his name. And we
whose names are hereunto subscribed being present at the solemni-
zation of their said marriage and subscription as witnesses, have
hereunto set our hands, the day and date first written.

Achillis Douglas,
Elizabeth Douglas.

52 MARRIAGES.

Witnesses: — Micajah Terrell, Elizabeth Eastin, Pleasant Ter-
rell, Sarah Terrell, John Douglas, Ann Barksdale, Ursula Cheadle,
Salley Hargrave, Elijah Johnson, Milley Douglas, Mary Hargrave,
Catlet Jones, Eachel Moorman, Eebecca Terrell, Agatha Terrell,
Thomas Terrell, Elizabeth Cheadle, Judith Cheadle, Martha Har-
grave, Salley Chiles, Lucy Cheadle.

Whereas Pleasant Cobb, son of Eobert Cobb, of Caroline county,
and Amy Terrell, daughter of Thomas Terrell, of said county, hav-
ing published their intention of taking each other in marriage, be-
fore several Monthly Meetings of the people called Quakers, accord-
ing to the good order used among them, whose proceedings therein,
after deliberate consideration, was approved by the said Meetings,
they appearing clear of all others, and having consent of parents,
and other Friends concerned. Xow these are to certify all whom it
may concern, that for the further accomplishment of their inten-
tions, tills 15th day of the 6th Month, 1785, they the said Pleasant
Cobb and Amey Terrell, appearing in a public assembly of the said
people, met together at their public Meeting House in Caroline
county, and in a solemn manner he, the said Pleasant Cobb, did take
the said Amey Terrell by the hand and did openly declare as fol-
loweth : Friends, you are my witnesses that I do this day take this,
my Friend, Amey Terrell, to be my wife, promising, with divine
assistance, to be unto her a true and faithful Husband until death
should separate us (or words to the like effect) ; then and there Am-
ey Terrell declared as followeth : Friends, you are my witnesses, that
I do this day take my friend. Pleasant Cobb, to be my husband,
promising, with divine assistance, to l)e unto him a true and faithful
wife until death should separate us (or words to that purpose). And
the said Pleasant Cobb and Amey, his wife, as a further confirma-
tion, did then and there to these presents set their hands, she assum-
ing his name as Cobb, and we whose names are hereunto subscribed,
being present at the solemnization of their said marriage and sub-
scription, and as witnesses have hereunto set our hands the day and
date above written.

Pleasant Cobb,
Amey Cobb.

MARRIAGES. 53

Witnesses : — Xancy Himnicn.tt, Eliza Cheadle, Eebecca Terrell,
Milicent McGhee, Ehoda Terrell, Mary Terrell, Agatha Cobb, Eacliel
Moorman, Pleasant Terrell, James Bates, Ursula Ctieadle, Eebecca
Winston, Clark T. Moorman, Samuel Winston, Xancy Macgey,
Mathew P. Terrell, Xatlian Winston, Xancy Bates, Thomas Ter-
rell, Samuel Cobb, Jos. Hunnieutt, Martha Winston. Jonathan
Terrell, Le^.vis Cobb.

^^liereas Mathew P. Terrell, son of Thomas Terrell, of Caroline
county, and Salley Moorman, daughter of Clarke T. Moorman, of
said county, having published their intentions of taking each other
in marriage, before several Monthly Meetings of the people called
Quakers, according to the good order used among them, and after
deliberate consideration, was approved by the said Meeting, they
appearing clear of all others, and having consent of parents and oth-
er concerned Priends. Now these are to certify to all whom it may
concern that for the further accomplishment of their intentions this
11th day of the 5th Month, 1788, they the said Mathew P. Terrell
and Salley Moorman, appearing in a public Assembly of the said
People in the county of Caroline, and in a solemn manner, he the
said Mathew P. Terrell taking the said Salley Moorman by the hand
did then and there openly declare as foUoweth : In the presence of
this assembly, I take Salley Moorman to be my wife, promising,
with Divine assistance, to be unto her a faithful Husband until
death doth separate us (or words to that effect). Likewise the said
Salley Moorman declared as followeth: In the presence of this
assembly, I t^ke Mathew P. Terrell to be my Husband, promising,
with di\ane assistance, to be unto him a faithful wife until death
doth separate us (or words to that effect). And the said Mathew P.
Terrell and Salley Moorman (now his wife) as a further confirma-
tion, did then and there to these presents set their hands (she as-
suming her name to be Terrell) and we whose names are hereunto
subscribed, being present at the solemnizing of their said mar-
riage, and subscription, and as witnesses, have hereunto set our
hands the day and date above written.

Mathew P. Terrell,
Salley Terrell.

54 MAEEIAGES.

Witnesses : — Thomas Terrell. James Peatross, Clarke T. Moor-
man, Eachel Moorman, Jonathan Terrell, Rebecca Terrell, Elizabeth
Cheadle, Jolin Peatross, Ehoda Terrell, Ursula F. Cheadle, William
Peatross, Ehoda Moorman, Margaret Terrell, Pleasant Cobb, Martha
Hargrave, Mary Hargrave, Thomas Terrell, Jr., Sarah Peatross,
Polle}' Hewlett, Salley Chiles, Pleasant Terrell, Amey Cobb, Jem-
mina jSTelson, Fanny Temple, Archillis Moorman, Frances Moor-
man, Ann McGhee, Mary Peatross.

Whereas Samuel Hargrave, son of Samuel Hargrave, deceased,
of the county of Caroline, and Lucy Terrell, daughter of Pleasant
Terrell, of said county, ha\dng declared their intentions of mar-
riage with each other before several Monthly Meetings of the peo-
ple called Quakers in Virginia, according to the good order used
among them; and having consent of parents, and relations con-
cerned, their said proposal of marriage was allowed by the said
Meeting. ISTow these are to certify whom it may concern that for
the full accomplishing their said intentions this the Tenth Day of
the First Month in the year of our Lord, One Thousand, Seven
Hundred and Seventy Nine, they, the said Samuel Hargrave, and
Lucy Terrell, appearing in a public meeting of the said people and
others in Caroline county, and the said Samuel HargTave, taking
the said Lucy Terrell by the hand, did in a solemn manner openly
declare that he took her, the said Lucy Terrell, to be his wife, prom-
ising, with Divine assistance, to be unto her a faithful and loving
Husband until death shall separate them (or words to that effect),
and then and there in the said assembly the said Lucy Terrell did
in like manner declare that she took the said Samuel Hargrave to
be her Husband, promising, as aforesaid, to be unto him a faithful
and loving wife until death should separate them (or words to the
same purport). And, moreover, they, the said Samuel Hargrave
and Lucy Terrell (she, according to the custom of marriage, as-
sumed the name of her Husband), as a further confirmation there-
of, did then and there to these presents set their hands, and we
whose names are hereunto subscribed, being present at the solemni-
zation of the said marriage have as witnesses hereunto set our
hands, the day and year first above written.

Samuel Haegrave,

MAKRIAGES. 55

Witnesses : — Pleasant Terrell, Mary Hargrave, David Terrell,
Elizabeth Hargrave, Micajah Terrell, Mary Harris, Thomas Terrell,
Salley Chiles, Thomas Chiles, Elizabeth Terrell, Jesse Hargrave,
Eaehel Burriiss, Judith Cheadle, Anthony Winston, Ann McGhee,
Lucy Cheadle, George Winston, Eaehel Moorman, Deborah Terrell,
Eobt. Farish, MoUey Chiles, Steven Farish, Eebecca Winston.

Whereas, Joseph Hargrave, son of Samuel Hargrave, deceased,
of Caroline County, and Eaehel Terrell, daughter of Pleasant Ter-
rell, of the said County, having publickly declared their intentions
of taking each other in marriage, before several Monthly Meetings
of the people called Quakers in said County of Hanover, according
to the good order used amongst them whose proceedings therein
was approved by the Meeting, they appearing clear of all other en-
gagements, and having consent of parents and Friends.

JSTow these are to certify all whom it may concern, that for the
accomplishment of their said intentions, this 14th day of the 3rd
month 1790, they, the said Joseph Hargrave and Eaehel Terrell,
appearing in a publick assembly at our Meeting House in Caroline
County, and in a solemn manner he, the said Joseph Hargrave,
taking the said Eaehel Terrell by the hand, did openly declare as
f olloweth : ''Friends, you are my witnesses that I take Eaehel Ter-
rell to be my wife, promising, with Divine assistance, to be unto
her a faithful husband until death," or words to that effect, and
then and there, in the said assembly, she, the said Eaehel Terrell,
did declare in substance as f olloweth : "Friends, ye are my wit-
nesses that I take Joseph Hargrave to be my husband, promising,
with Divine assistance, to be unto him a faithful wife until death,"
and the said Jos. Hargrave and Eaehel, his now wife, as a further
confirmation thereof, did then and there to these presents set their
hands, and we whose names are hereunto subscribed, being present
at the solemnizing of the above said marriage and subscription, as
witnesses have hereunto set our hands, the day and date as above.

Joseph Hargrave,
Eaohel Hargrave.

Witnesses : — Pleasant Terrell, Jesse Hargrave, Samuel Har-
grave, Thomas Hargrave, Samuel Terrell, John Hargrave, Eobert
Terrell, Obadiah Crew, Christopher Terrell, William Burrus, Pol-
ley Hewlett, Henry Burruss, Mathew P. Terrell, Pleasant Cobbs,

56 MARRIAGES.

Jonathan Terrell, John Peatross, Clark T. Moorman, Thomas Ter-
rell, Samuel Chiles, Millicent Hargrave, jSTancy Terrell, Amey
Cohbs, Eebecca Terrell, Eachel Moorman, Margaret Terrell, Salley
Terrell, Ehoda Terrell, Ehoda Moorman, Judith Harris, Elizabeth
Cheadle, Lucy HargTave, Ursula Cheadle, Lucy Temple, Catharine
Ellis, Susana Hargrave, Molley Terrell, Sarah Terrell, Lealy
Cobbs, Millicent Hewlett.

Whereas, David Terrell, of Campbell County, and Patty John-
son (daughter Ashley and Martha Johnson), of Louisa County,
having declared their intentions of marriage with each other before
several Monthly Meetings of the people called Quakers at Cedar
Creek, in the County of Hanover, according to the good order used
among them, they appearing clear of all other marriage engage-
ments, were approved by said meeting.

These are to certify all whom it may concern, that for the accom-
]3lishment of their said intention, they, the said David Terrell and
Patty Johnson, appearing in a Publick Meeting of the aforesaid
people, at Cedar Creek Meeting House in Hanover County afore-
said, this twenty-fifth day of the Second month, in the year of our
Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Ninety-three; and in a
solemn manner he, the said Da^dd Terrell, taking the said Patty
Johnson by the hand, did openly declare as f olloweth : "In the
presence of the Lord and this assembly, I take Patty Johnson to
be my wife, promising, with Divine assistance, to be unto her a true
and faithful husband until death shall separate us," or words to
the same effect, and then and there in the said assembly the said
Patty Johnson did in like manner declare as followeth : "In the
presence of the Lord and tliis assembly, I take David Terrell to be
my husband, promising, with Di\dne assistance, to be unto him a
true and faithful wife until death shall separate us," or words to
that effect. And the said David Terrell and Patty, now his wife,
as a further confirmation of their said marriage did then and there
to these presents set their names, and we whose names are hereunto
subscribed, being present at the solemnization of the above said mar-
riage and subscription in the manner aforesaid as witnesses thereto,
have also to these presents subscribed our names the day and year
above written. David Terrell^

Patty Terrell.

MARRIAGES. 57

WiTXESSES : — Henry Terrell, Samuel Parsons. Micajah Crew,
Clark T. Moorman, William Johnson, Benjamin Bates, Jr., Thomas
Harris, John Harris, Jonathan Terrell, Mathew Terrell, Thomas
Ladd, William Stabler, Xathan Bell, Joshua Stanle}-, Waddy Stan-
ley, Gerard Johnson, Ann Jones, Sarah Bell, Mary Brooks, Xancy
Hunnicntt, Thomas Hatton, Samuel Terrell, John Crew, Jr..
Each el Harris, Mary Ladd. Bachel Ladd, Betsy Watkins, Thomas
Doswell, Lemuel Crew, Judith Crew, Edith Harris, Tace Crew,
Sarah Harris, Salley Watkins, Cattlet Jones, Eobert H. Crew,
Eachel Moorman, Margaret Crew, Mar}- Hatton, Susannah Harris,
Sallev Ladd.

Whereas, Eobert Crew, son of Benjamin Crew, deceased, of
Charles City County, and Xancy Terrell, daughter of Pleasant and
Caty Terrell, of Caroline County, having declared their intentions
of taking each other in marriage, before several Publick Meetings
of Friends in Aarginia (according to the good order used amongst
them), and having consent of parents and Friends concerned.

Xow, these are to certify all whom it may concern that for the
full accomplisliment of their said marriage this 14th day of 9th
month 1794, they, the said Eobert Crew and Xancy Terrell, ap-
pearing in a Publick Meeting of Friends and others at their Meet-
ing House in the above said County of Caroline, and the said Eob-
ert Crew, taking the said Xancy Terrell by the hand, did solemnly
declare as f oUoweth : In the presence of this assembly I take Xancy
Terrell to be my wife, promising, with Divine assistance, to be unto
her a true and faithful husband until death. And then and there,
in like manner, the said Xancy Terrell did declare as foUoweth :
In the presence of this assembly I take Eobert Crew to be my hus-
band, promising, with Divine assistance, to be unto him a true and
loving wife until detith. And we, whose names are hereunder writ-
ten, being present at their said solemnization, have as witnesses of
their said marriage and subscription hereunto set our hands, the
day and year above written.

Egbert Crew^
Xancy Crew.

Witnesses : — Eachel Hargrave, Amy Cobb, Salley Terrell,
Pleasant Cobb, John Peatross, Samuel Terrell, Eobert Terrell,

58 MAEEIAGES.

Margaret Crew, Margaret Terrell, Lucy Hargrave, James D. Ladd,
John Johnson, Mathew Terrell, Joseph Hargrave, Ann Jones, Sal-
ley Chiles, Jonathan Terrell, Jesse Hargrave, Pleasant Terrell,
Catlett Jones, Samuel Hargrave.

Wliereas, Timothy Terrell, son of Thomas Terrell, of Caroline
County, and Miriam Murdauh Hunnicutt, daughter of James Hun-
nicutt, deceased, late of the County of Goochland, having published
their intentions of taking each other in marriage before several
Monthly Meetings of the people called Quakers in Hanover Coun-
ty, agTeeable to the good order used among them (they appearing
clear of all others), and having the consent of parents and Friends
concerned.

'Now, these are to certify all whom it may concern, that for the
full accomplishment of their marriage, they, the said Timothy Ter-
rell and Miriam Murdaugh Hunnicutt, appearing in a PubHck
Meeting of the aforesaid people and others, at their Meeting House
at Geneto in Goocliland County, the 10th day of the Sixth month
in the year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Ninety-
eight, the said Timothy taking the said ]\Iiriam by the hand and
openly declaring as followeth: "In the presence of this assembly,
I take Miriam Murdauh Hunnicutt to be my wife, promising, with
Divine assistance, to be unto her a true and faithful husband until
death." And there in the said assembly the said Miriam Murdauh
Hunnicutt did in like manner declare as followeth : "In the pres-
ence of this assembly I take Timothy Terrell to be my husband,
promising, with Divine assistance, to be unto him a true and faith-
ful Avife until death," or to that effect. And as a further confirma-
tion of their marriage, they, the said Timothy Terrell and Miriam
Murdauh, now his wife, did then and there to these presents set
their hands, and we whose names are hereunto subscribed being
present at the solemnization of their said marriage and subscrip-
tion, have as witnesses thereof, hereunto set our hands, the day and
year above written. Timothy Terrell,

Miriam M. Terrell,

Witnesses : — John Hunnicutt, Joseph Terrell, James Hunni-
cutt, Joseph Hunnicutt, William H. Pleasants, Obadiah Crew, Sam-
uel Couch, Thomas Harris, Samuel Parsons, Jesse Crew, Benjamin

ilAREIAGES. 59

Eussel, Samuel P. Parsons, Thomas Hunnicutt^ Ann Hunnicutt,
Mary Peatross, Elizabeth Winston, Elizabeth Peatross, Mary Pleas-
ants, Elizabeth Pleasants, Henrietta M. Pleasants, Elizabeth Stan-
ley, Susannah Hatton, ^lary P. Younghusband, Amey Peatross,
Margaret P. Parsons, Mary Hatton. Sarah Parson, Mary Brooks.

Whereas, John Bell, son of Xathan Bell, of the County of Han-
over, and Joanna Terrell, daughter of Thomas Terrell, of the Coun-
ty of Caroline, having declared their intentions of taking each other
in marriage before two Monthly Meetings of the people called
Quakers, according to the good order used among them, and having
permission of parents and Friends concerned.

These are to certify all whom it may concern, that for the full
accomplishment of their said marriage that they, the said John
Bell and Joanna Terrell, appearing at a Publick Meeting of the
aforesaid people and others at their Meeting House in Caroline
County the twelfth day of the Fifth month One Thousand and
Eight Hundred, and the said John Bell taking the said Joanna
Terrell by the hand, did in a solemn manner declare as f oUoweth :
"In the presence of the Lord and before this assembly I take this
my friend Joanna Terrell to be my wife, promising, with Divine
assistance, to be unto her a true and loving husband until death."
And then and there in the same assembly the said Joanna Terrell
did in like manner declare as followeth: 'Tn the presence of the
Lord and before this assembly I take this my friend John Bell to
be my husband, promising, with Divine assistance, to be unto him
a true and loving -wife until death" (or words to that purport), and
as a further confirmation of their said marriage the said John Bell
and Joanna, his now wife (she assuming the name of her husband),
have hereunto set their hands, and we whose names are hereunto
subscribed being present at the solemnization and subscription,
have as witnesses set out hands, the day and year above written.

JoHX Bell,
Joanna Bell.

Witnesses : — Thomas Terrell, Joseph Terrell, Eebeeca Bell, Mar-
garet Terrell, Pleasant Cobb, Jonathan Terrell, Ann Peatross, Jesse
Terrell, Lemuel Crew, Eebeeca Terrell, Mathew Terrell, Timothy
Terrell, Nancy Chiles, Caty Terrell, Mary B. Terrell, Sally Terrell,
Pleasant Terrell, Lewis Cobb, Amey Cobb, Mary Bell.

■60 MARKIAGES.

Whereas, Timotliy Terrell, son of Thomas Terrell, of Caroline
County, and Mary Terrell, daughter of Pleasant Terrell, of said
County, having published their intention of taking each other in
marriage before several Monthly Meetings of Friends, according
to the good order used among them, which, after deliberate consid-
eration, was approved by the said meetings, they appearing clear
of all other marriage engagements, and having consent of parents
and other concerned Friends.

Kow, this is to certify all whom it may concern, that for the
further accomplishment of their intention, this 10th day of the
Third month 1803, they, the said Timothy Terrell and Mary Ter-
rell appearing in a Publick Assembly of Friends in the County of
Hanover, he, the said Timothy Terrell, in a solemn manner, taking
the said Mary Terrell by the hand, did openly declare as f oUoweth :
In the presence of this assembly I take Mary Terrell to be my wife,
promising, with Divine assistance, to be to her a faithful husband
until death shall separate us (or words to that effect), and the said
Mary Terrell did in like manner declare as follows : In the pres-
ence of tills assembly I take Timothy Terrell to be my husband,
promising, with Divine assistance, to be unto Mm a faithful wife
until death shall separate us (or words to that effect). And the
said Timothy Terrell and Mary (now his wife) did as a further
confirmation, then and there to these presents set their hands. And
we whose names are hereunto subscribed, being present at the sol-
emnization of the said marriage and subscription as witnesses, have
hereunto set our hands, the day and year above written.

Timothy Terrell,
Mary Terrell.

Witnesses : — Lucy HargTave, Salley Terrell, Sarah Jones,
Eachel Moorman, Salley Terrell, Jr., Susanna Hatton, Pleasant
Terrell, Jr., Lemuel Terrell, Catlett Jones, Thomas Harris, Benja-
min Bates, Jr., Eebeeca Terrell, Margaret Crew, Sarah Hatton,
Jane Ladd, Unity Crew, Mathew Terrell, Joseph Terrell, Pleasant
Cobb, Micajah Crew, Lemuel Crew, Thomas Stanley, Walter Crew,
Thomas Hatton, Waddy Stanley, Isaac Eatcliff, Joshua Crew, Wm.
H. Pleasants, Joseph Wilkins, Thomas Hatton, Jr., Philip Brooks,
John Maddox.

MAERIAGES. 61

Wliereas^ Joseph Terrell, son of Thomas Terrell, of Caroline
County, and Sarah Terrell, clanghter of Jesse Terrell, of said
county, having published their intention of taking each other in
marriage, before several Monthly Meetings of Friends, according
to the good order used amongst them, which, after deliberate con-
sideration, was approved by said meetings, they appearing clear of
all others, and having consent of parents and other concerned
Friends.

Now, these are to certify to all whom it may concern, that for
the accomplisliment of their said intentions, this loth day of the
Fourth month 1804, they, the said Joseph Terrell and Sarah Ter-
rell, appearing in a public assembly of Friends in Caroline Coun-
ty, and in a solemn maimer, he, the said Joseph Terrell, taking the
said Sarah Terrell by the hand, did then and there openly declare
as f olloweth : "In the presence of this assembly, I take Sarah Ter-
rell to be my wife, promising, with Divine assistance, to be unto
her a faithful husband until death shall separate us" (or words
to that effect) . Likewise the said Sarah Terrell declared as f ollow-
eth : "In the presence of this assembly, I take Joseph Terrell to be
my husband, promising, with Divine assistance, to be unto him a
faithful wife imtil death shall separate us" (or words to the like
effect). And the said Joseph Terrell and Sarah Terrell (now his
wife), as a further confirmation did then and there to these pres-
ents set their hands. And we whose names are hereunto subscribed,
being jDresent at the solemnization of the said marriage and sub-
scription, have as witnesses thereof hereunto set our hands, the day
and year above written. Joseph Teerell.

Sarah Terrell.

Witnesses : — Mathew Ten-ell, Jesse Terrell, Pleasant Cobb,
Lemuel Terrell, Timothy Terrell, Pleasant Terrell, John Bell,
Chiles Terrell, Josej^h Hargrave, Eobert Terrell, Christopher G.
Broaddus, Eeuben T. Clarke, Eebecca Terrell, Patsey Hargrave,
Mary B. Terrell, Lucy Hargrave, Ehoda Cobb, William Fitzhugh,
Ann Peatross, Caty Terrell, Mary Terrell, Eachel Hargrave, Miriam
Terrell.

Whereas, Lemuel Terrell, son of Pleasant Terrell, deceased, of
the Coimty of Caroline, and Eebecca Terrell, daughter of Thomas

62 MARRIAGES.

Terrell, of the said County, having declared their intentions of tak-
ing each other in marriage before two Monthly Meetings of Friends,
according to the good order used among them, and having consent
of parents and Friends concerned.

These are to certify all whom it may concern, that for the full
accomplishment of their said marriage, they, the said Lemuel Ter-
rell and Eebecca Terrell, appearing in a Publick Assembly of the
aforesaid people and others in the County of Caroline, this 15th
day of the Fourth inonth 1804, and the said Lemuel Terrell, taking
the said Eebecca Terrell by the hand, did in a solemn manner de-
clare as followeth: "In the presence of the Lord and before this
assembly, I take tliis my friend Rebecca Terrell to be my wife,
promising, with Divine assistance, to be unto her a true and loving-
husband until death shall separate us,'" and then and there in the
same assembly the said Rebecca Terrell did in like manner declare
as followeth : "In the presence of the Lord and before this assem-
bly, I take this my friend Lemuel Terrell to be my husband, prom-
ising, Avith Divine assistance, to be unto him a true and loving wife
until death shall separate us" (or words to that jmrport). And as
a further confirmation of their said marriage, the said Lemuel Ter-
rell and Rebecca, his wife, have hereunto set their hands. And we
whose names are hereunto subscribed, being present at the solemn-
ization and subscription, have hereunto as witnesses set our hands,
the day and year above written.

Lemuel Terrell,
Rebecca Terrell.

Witnesses:' — Joseph Terrell, Mathew Terrell, Pleasant Cobb,
Timothy Terrell, Pleasant Terrell, John Bell, Chiles Terrell, Jos-
eph Hargrave, Miriam Terrell, Reuben T. Clarke, William Fitz-
hugh, Sarah Terrell, Ann Peatross, Caty Terrell, Mary B. Terrell,
Mary Terrell, Lucy Hargrave, Rhoda Cobb, Robert Terrell, Chris-
tojDher G. Broaddus, Rhoda Peatross, Patsey Hargrave.

"Wliereas, Robert Ladd, son of William Ladd, deceased, of Charles
City County, and Mary Terrell, daughter of Pleasant Terrell, de-
ceased, of Caroline County, having declared their intention of tak-
ing each other in marriage before several Monthly Meetings of
Friends held at Cedar Creek in Hanover County, according to the

ilAERIAGES. 63

good order used among them, their proceedings, after due inquiry
and deliberate consideration, being approved, and having consent of
parents and Friends.

Now, these are to certify all Tvhom it may concern, that for the
accomplishment of their said marriage this loth day of the Sixth
month, in the year of our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and
Seven, they, the said Eobert Ladd and Mary Terrell, appeared at
a Publick Assembly of Friends and others in Caroline County, and
the said Eobert Ladd, taking the said Man^ Terrell by the hand,
did openly and solemnly declare as follows : '"In the presence of
this assembly, I take ilary Terrell to be my vife, promising, with
Divine assistance, to be unto her a faithful and loving husband un-
til death shall separate us," and the said Mary Terrell did then and
there in the said assembly, in like manner declare as as follows :
"In the presence of this assembly. I take Eobert Ladd to be my
husband, promising, with Divine assistance, to be unto him a faith-
ful and loving wife until death shall separate us,"' and the said Eob-
ert Ladd and Mary, his wife, as a further confirmation of their
said marriage, did then and there to these presents set their hands,
and we whose names are hereunto subscribed, being present at the
solemnization of said marriage and subscription, have as witnesses
thereof set our hands, the day and year above written.

EoBEKT Ladd,
Mart Ladd.

Witnesses : — Eobert Terrell, Joseph Terrell. Jesse Crew, Ben-
jamin Crew, Thomas Cobb, Lucy Terrell, Mary B. Terrell, Sally
Terrell, Kancy Terrell, Lucy Hargrave, Jesse Ladd, Joseph Ladd,
Walter Crew, Pleasant Terrell, Pleasant Cobb, Ann Johnson, Amey
Cobb, Mahala Terrell, Susan W. Mills, Xancy Crew, Ann Ladd,
Margaret Vauffhan.

Whereas, Alfred Eicks, of Southampton County, State of Vir-
ginia, son of Eichard Eicks and Julia his wife, and Mar}"" Ami Ter-
rell, daughter of Samuel Terrell and Elizabeth his wife, of the
County of Caroline and State aforesaid, having declared their in-
tentions of marriage with each other before a Monthly Meeting of
the religious Society of Friends held at Cedar Creek, in Hanover
County, according to the good order used among them, and having

64 MARRIAGES.

consent of the parties concerned, their said proposal of marriage
was allowed by the said meeting.

Now, these are to certify whom it may concern, that for the full
accomplishment of their said intentions, this 12th day of the
Fourth month in the year of our Lord Eighteen Hundred and
Twenty-two, they, the said Alfred Eicks and Mary Ann Terrell,
appeared in a Publick Meeting of the said people held in Caroline,
and the said Alfred Eicks, taking the said Mary Ann Terrell by
the hand, did on this solemn occasion openly declare, that he took
her, the said Mary Ann Terrell, to be his wife, promising, through
Divine assistance, to be unto her a faithful and affectionate hus-
band until death. And then, in the same assembly, the said Mar}'
Ann Terrell did in like manner declare that she took him, the said
Alfred Eicks, to be her husband, promising, through Divine as-
sistance, to be unto him a faithful and affectionate wife until death,
and, moreover, they, the said Alfred Eicks and Mary Ann Terrell
(she, according to custom of marriage, assuming the name of her
husband), did, as a further confirmation thereof, then and there
to these presents set their hands. And we whose names are here-
unto subscribed, being present at the solemnization of the said mar-
riage and subscription, have as witnesses set our hands, the day and.
year above written.

Alfred Eicks,
Mary Ann Eicks.

Witnesses : — Amelia H. Winston, Deborah Pretlow, Margaret
Vaughan, Kancy Terrell, Sarah Ann Harris, Bowling Vaughan,
Williamson Talley, Lemuel Terrell, Thomas Terrell, Mary W.
Eicks, Isabella Harris, Sally Terrell, Anna L. A^aughan, Eobert
Terrell, George F. Terrell, John Bell, Eobert Scott, Jr., Kittie P.
Terrell, Anna L. Terrell, Samuel Terrell, Benj. Jas. Harris, Thom-
as Harris, John L. Vaughan, George Winston, Jr., Eobert
Eicks, Jr.

Whereas, Oswin White, son of Thomas and Martha E. White
(the former deceased), in the County of Perquimmans and State
of Korth Carolina, and Elizabeth H. Eicks, daughter of Alfred and
Mary A. Eicks (the former deceased), in the Count}^ of Caroline
and State of Virginia, ha"\dng in writing laid their intentions of

MAEEIAGES. 65

marriage with each other before a Monthly Meeting of the Eelig-
ions Society of Friends, held at Eichmond, and having consent of
parents, their said proposal of marriage was allowed of by the said
meeting.

Now, these are to certify whom it may concern, that for the full
accomplishment of their said intentions, this the 9th day of the
First month in the year of our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred
and Sixty-one they, the said Oswin White and Elizabeth H. Eicks,
appeared in- a meeting of the said people held at Eichmond, and
the said Oswin White, taldng the said Elizabeth H. Eicks by the
hand, did openly declare that he took her, the said Elizabeth H.
Eicks, to be his wife, promising, with Divine assistance, to be unto
her a loving and faithful husband until death should separate them,
and then, in the same assembly, the said Elizabeth H. Eicks did in
like manner declare that she took him, the said Oswin White, to be
her husband, promising, with Divine assistance, to be unto him a
loving and faithful wife until death should separate them. And,
moreover, the said Oswin Wliite and Elizabeth H. Eicks (she, ac-
cording to custom of marriage, assmuing the latter name of her
husband), did, as a further confirmation thereof, then and there
to these presents set their hands. And we being present, subscriljed
our names as witnesses.

Oswin White^
Elizabeth E. White.

Witnesses : — Ada C. Butler, Octavia A. Whitlock, Judith A.
Crenshaw, ^N'annie J. Pleasants, Micajah Bates, Samuel Sinton,
Mary J. Crenshaw, Jos. P. Elliott, Julia W. Eicks, Pattie A. -Bates,
Jane C. Whitlock, Eliza J. Pleasants, E. H. Wliitlock, Geo. D.
Harwood, Wm. L. Elliott, E. A. Wliite, Mary W. Eicks, Eichard A.
Eicks, Elizabeth P. Harwood, Mollie C. Lyne, Wm. H. Pleasants,
John B. Crenshaw, Xath. C. Crenshaw, Eobt. H. Whitlock, Walter
F. Pleasants.

Whereas, John Pretlow, of the County of Southampton, State
of Virginia, son of Joseph and Mary Pretlow (deceased), and De-
borah Eicks, daughter of Alfred and Mary Ann Eicks (the former
deceased), of Caroline County, having in writing laid their inten-
tions of marriage with each other before a Monthly Meeting of the

66 MARRIAGES.

Eeligious Society of Friends, held at Eichmond, and having con-
sent of parents, their said proposal of marriage was allowed of by
the said meeting.

Now, these are to certify whom it may concern, that for the full
accomplishment of their said intentions, this the 9th day of the
Second month in the year of our Lord Eighteen Hundred and
Sixty-five, they, the said John Pretlow and Deborah Eicks, appear-
ed in a meeting of the said people, held at Prospect Hill, the resi-
dence of Mary Ann Eicks in Caroline Coimty, and the said John
Pretlow, taking the said Deborah Eicks by the hand, did openly
declare that he took her, the said Deborah Eicks, to be his wife,
promising, with Divine assistance, to be unto her a loving and faith-
ful husband until death should separate them. And then, in the
same assembly, the said Deborah Eicks did in like manner declare
that she took him, the said John Pretlow, to be her husband, prom-
ising, with Divine assistance, to be unto him a loving and faithful
wife until death should separate them. And, moreover, they, the
said John Pretlow and Deborah Eicks (she, according to the cus-
tom of marriage, assuming the latter name of her husband), did, as
a further confirmation thereof, then and there to these presents set
their hands.

John Pretlow,
Deborah Pretlow.

Witnesses : — Jane C. Wliitlock, Judith A. Crenshaw, John B,
Crenshaw, Joseph J. Pleasants, Mary J. D. Crenshaw, Emma
Scott, M. 0. McLaughlin, Deborah A. Crenshaw, H. Virginia
A^'liitlock, Pattie A. Bates, Maria L. Scott, Henry Bates, Samuel
B. Pretlow, Eobt. H. Wliitlock, Joel Cook, Walter F. Pleasants,
Achilles D. Johnson, Thomas C. Hackett, Mary Ann Eicks, Mary
W. Eicks, Ella T. Eicks, Walter A. Eicks, Julia W. Eicks.

Wliereas, Bowling H. Winston, of Sugar Eiver Monthly Meet-
ing, in the County of Montgomery, in the State of Indiana, son of
Pleasant and Elizabeth C. Winston (the latter deceased), of the
State of Indiana, and Julia W. Eicks, daughter of Alfred and
Mary Ann Eicks (the former deceased), of the State of Yirginia,
having in writing laid their intentions of marriage with each other
before a Monthly Meeting of the Eeligious Society of Friends, held

MARRIAGES. 67

at Cedar Creek^ State of A^irginia, and having consent of parents,
their said proposal of marriage was allowed of by the said meeting.
Now, these are to certify whom it may concern, that for the fnll
accomplishment of their said intentions, this the 11th day of the
Seventh month in the year of our Lord One Thousand Eight Hun-
dred and Sixty-six, they, the said Bowling H. Winston and Julia
W. Eicks, appeared in a meeting of the said people, held at Eich-
mond, and the said Bowling H. Winston, taking the said Julia W.
Eicks by the hand, did openly declare that he took her, the said
Julia W. Eicks, to be his wife, promising, with Divine assistance,
to be unto her a loving and faithful husband until death should
separate them. And then, in the same assembly, the said Julia W.
Eicks did in like manner declare that she took him, the said Bowl-
ing H. Winston, to be her husband, promising, with Divine assist-
ance, to be unto him a loving and faithful wife until death should
separate them. And, moreover, they, the said Bowling H. Wins-
ton and Julia W. Eicks (she, according to the custom of marriage,
assuming the latter name of her husband), did, as a further con-
fii-mation thereof, then and there to these presents set their hands.
And we being present, subscribed our names as witnesses.

Bowling H. Winston,
Julia W. Winston.

Witnesses: — Elizabeth P. Harwood, Wm. H. Pleasants, Ellen
P. Pedin, Eliza J. Pleasants, xA.nn Sumner, Jane C. AVhitlock,
John W. Turner, Deborah A. Crenshaw, John B. Crenshaw, Judith
A. Crenshaw, Eobt. H. AYhitlock, Henry Bates, Micajah Bates,
John Pretlow, Oswin White, Eichard A. Eicks, Walter A. Eicks,
Mary J. Whitlock, Mary W. Eicks, E. C. Winston, M. S. Whit-
lock, Pattie A. Bates, Lucie K. Butler, H. Virginia Whitlock, Sal-
lie Worthington, Joel Cook.

Whereas, Eichard A. Eicks, of Caroline County, State of Vir-
ginia, son of Alfred and Mary A, Eicks (both deceased), of the
aforesaid County and State, and Martha S. Whitlock, daughter o:
Eichard H. and Jane C. Whitlock (the former deceased), of the
City of Eichmond, State of Virginia, having in writing laid their
intentions of marriage with each other before a Monthly Meeting
-of the Eeligious Society of Friends, held at Eichmond, and having

68 MARRIAGES.

consent of surviving parent, their said proposal of marriage was
allowed of by the said meeting.

Now these are to certify that for the full accomplishment of their
said intentions, this, the eleventh day of the Sixth month in the
year of our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Seventy-three,
they, the said Eichard A. Ricks and Martha S. Whitlock, appeared
in a meeting of the said people held at Richmond, and the said
Richard A. Ricks, taking the said Martha S. Whitlock by the hand,
did openly declare that he took her, the said Martha S. Whitlock,
to be his wife, promising, with Divine assistance^ to be unto her a
loving and faithful husband until death should separate them. And
then, in the same assembly, the said Martha S. Whitlock did in like
manner declare that she took him, the said Richard A. Ricks, to be
her husband, promising, with Divine assistance, to be unto him a
loving and faithful wife until death should separate them. And.
moreover, they, the said Richard A. Ricks and Martha S. Whitlock
(she, according to the custom of marriage, assuming the latter
name of her husband), did, as a further confirmation thereof, then
and there to these presents set their hands. And we being present,
subscribe our names as witnesses.

Richard A. Ricks,
Martha S. Ricks.

W^iTNESSES : — M. J. Vest. Kate Crenshaw, Sallie S. Summerell,
Jane C. Wliitlock, Deborah R. Pretlow, Martha A. Bates, John B.
Crenshaw, I. H. Holladay, Sallie B. Leeds, A. St. C. Butler, M. J.
Miitlock, Ella T. Ricks, G. W. Taylor, 0. A. Wliitlock, M. Bates,
Emma E. Hall, R. H. Whitlock, Cora B. Butler, Judith A. Cren-
shaw, M. E. Crenshaw, I. J. Hawkes, M. D., Laura P. Hall, James
G. Whitlock, Ellen P. Pedin, Frank T. Bates, Wm. J. Hart, Sam-
uel Sinton, David Jordan, Maggie Bates, Henry A. Pleasants, Sam-
uel A. Swann, H. V. Whitlock, Isaac Hawkes, James W. Pedin, W.
A. Ricks, John C. Winston, Mary Willetts, Jeremiah Willetts,
Eloise Carpenter, Julia W. Winston, Ellen Harwood. Deborah C.
Leeds, Charles E. T^Hiitlock, E. P. Harwood, James H. Crenshaw,
S. J. Harwood, Geo. D. Harwood.

Wliereas, Richard A. Ricks, of Caroline County, State of Vir-
ginia, son of Alfred and Mary A. Ricks (both deceased), of the

MARRIAGES. 69

aforesaid County and State, and Eliza C. Crenshaw, daughter of
John B. and Eachel H. Crenshaw (the latter deceased), of the
County of Henrico, State of Virginia, having declared their inten-
tions of marriage with each other before a Monthly Meeting of the
Eeligious Society of Friends held at Eichmond, and having consent
of survi\dng parent, their said proposal of marriage was allowed of
by the said meeting.

Now these are to certify to whom it may concern, that for the
full accomplishment of their said intentions this, the twenty-third
day of the Sixth month, in the year of our Lord One Thousand
Eight Hundred and Eighty-one, they, the said Eichard A. Eicks
and Eliza C. Crenshaw, appeared in a Public Meeting of the said
people held at Eichmond, and the said Eichard A. Eicks, taking
the said Eliza C. Crenshaw by the hand, did on this solemn occasion
openly declare that he took her, the said Eliza C. Crenshaw, to be
his wife, promising, with Divine assistance, to be unto her a loving
and faithful husband until death should separate them; and then,
in the same assembly, the said Eliza C. Crenshaw did in like man-
ner declare that she took him, the said Eichard A. Eicks, to be her
husband, promising, with Divine assistance, to be unto him a lov-
ing and faithful wife until death should separate them. And,
moreover, they, the said Eichard A. Eicks and Eliza C. Crenshaw
(she, according to the custom of marriage, assuming the name of
her husband), did, as a further confirmation thereof, then and there
to these presents set their hands. And we whose names are here-
unto subscribed, being present at the solemnization of the said mar-
riage and subscription, have as witnesses thereto set our hands, the
day and year above written. Eichard A. EickS;,

Eliza C. Eicks.

Witnesses : — John B. Crenshaw, Judith A. Crenshaw, Nathl.
B. Crenshaw, Deborah C. Leeds, Josiah W. Leeds, Margt. E. Cren-
shaw, James H. Crenshaw, M. Belle Crenshaw, J. Belle Crenshaw,
Sara W. Crenshaw, Elizabeth H. Wliite, Deborah E. Pretlow, Ella
T. Eicks, J. D. Pretlow, Mary J. D. Pretlow, Sallie B. Leeds, W. H.
Pleasants, I. J. Hawkes, Geo. D. Pleasants, Wm. F. Terrell, Mrs.
J. C. Harm, Mrs. Leroy A. Crenshaw, A. L. Pleasants, A. J. Pleas-
ants, Charles H. Corey, Mabel Burruss, 0. A. Whitlock, E. H.
Whitlock, Eliza J. Pleasants, Sadie B. Leeds, Chas. K. Willis, Sam-

70 MARRIAGES.

uel B. Lucy, Annie M. Hill, Elvira M. Hawkes, Mary Louisa But-
ler, Maggie A. Ferrell, M. M. Terrell, C. G. Paleske, Mrs. Thos. W.
Sydnor, Jane C. Wliitlock, Lucy K. Butler, D. C. Eichardson, John
C. Winston, John P. Bates, J. A. Terrell, E. P. Harwood, Wm. M.
Coulling, Frank T. Bates, Eowland Hill, Samuel Sinton, Mrs. E.
L. Crenshaw, Mary J. Wliitlock, H. A. Pleasants, Austin C. Leeds,
James G. Wliitlock, Jos. J. Pleasants.

To Friends at Cedar Creeh Monthly Meeting, Hanover County, Va.

Dear Eriekds :

Our Esteemed Friend, David Terrell, a member of our Meeting,
being about to join in marriage with Patty Johnson, a member of
yours, requests our Certificate for the purpose; tliis may certify on
his behalf that, on enquiring, we do not find anything to hinder his
proceeding therein.

Signed on behalf of South River Monthly Meeting, held this 19th
day of the 1st Month, 1793. Achillis Douglas^ Clerk.

To the Monthly Meeting at White OaJc Swamp in Henrico County.

Dear Friends :

Jesse Terrell having requested our Certificate in order to join
in marriage with a member of your meeting, these are to certify
on his behalf that he hath a right of membership amongst us, and
is clear of marriage engagements as far as we know.

Signed in, and by direction of our Monthly Meeting, held at Ce-
dar Creek, in Hanover county, the 8th of the 3rd Month, 1794.

MiGAJAH Crew^ Clerk.

To Friends of Henrico Monthly Meeting.

Dear Friends :

Samuel Terrell having requested our Certificate in order to ac-
complish his marriage with a member of your meeting, we have to
inform you that he is a member of this meeting ; he has the consent
of parents and friends concerned and is clear of all other marriage
engagements as far as appears to us; we, therefore, recommend
him in his undertaking to your Christian care and regard, and re-
main your friends and brethren.

Signed in and on behalf of our Monthly Meeting, held at Cedar
Creek, in Hanover county, the 12th of the 4th Month, 1800.

Benjamin Bates^ Jr.^ Clerk.

MAERIAGES. 71

MAEEIAGE CERTIFICATES OF SOUTH EIVER MONTHLY

MEETIKG.*

William Ballard and Rachel Moorman were married at South
River Meeting-house 8-25-1768.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Zach
Moorman, Micajah Moorman, Charles j\Ioorman, Clark Moorman,
Gillis Moorman, Benjamin Johnson, William Johnson, Byrum Bal-
lard, Thomas Ballard, Bowling Clark, Micajah Terrell, Christopher
Anthony, Henry Tate, Sarah Terrell, Winifred Clark, Susanna
Johnson, Eleanor Ballard, Martha Ferrall, Martha Ferrall, Jr.,
Betty Moorman, Susanna Moorman, Lucy Johnson, Elizabeth
Ferrall, Sarah Tate, Penelope Johnson, Mary Ferrall, Mary Tim-
berlake, Judith Goode, Agnes Clark.

William Ballard and Elizabeth Anthony were married at
South River Meeting-house 4-24-1788.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Mary
Anthony, Molley Anthony, Mary Ballard, Anna Sea, Mary Johnson,
Judith Ballard, Phebe Stanton, Penelope Johnson, Salley Johnson,
Robert Hanna, Ashley Johnson, James Candler, Elizabeth Doug-
las, Betty Johnson, Jane Gipson, Hepzabih HoUoway, Edward
Lynch, Christopher Anthony, Jr., Christopher Anthony, Christo-
pher Johnson, Achillis Douglas, William Johnson, William Ballard,
John Lynch, William Stanton, John Candler, Mary Lynch, Matilda
Lynch, Mary Timberlake, Rachel Ballard, Sarah Tate Anthony,
Barclay Ballard, Moses Cadwalader, Jr., Charles Anthony, John
Timberlake, William Clement, Robert Johnson, Timothy Johnson,
Sarah H. Tate.

Btrum Ballard and Sarah Hutton were married at South River
Meeting-house 9-20-1792.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Minto
P. Perdue, Christopher Anthony, James Erwin, Mary Embree,

*The form of the certiflcate of marriage amongst Quakers is substantially the
same in all cases, and the abridgement here of the form is made to save space and
useless repetition.

73 MAKRIAGES.

Elizabeth Embree, Sarah Turner^ Sarah Lewis^ Elizabeth Turner,
ISTewman Eugus, James Mazley, Edward Tend, William Pidgeon,
Evan Lewis, Esther Eichards, Elijah Eichards, Delia Turner, Joel
Lewis, Sarah Lewis, Hannah Larrew, Mary Anthony, Nathan Hale,
Samuel Oliphant, Jesse Lewis, Polley Haynes, Henry Thurman,
Magdalen Erwin, Susanna Perdue, ]\Iary Erwin, Alice Bond, Ee-
bekah Moorlan, Eachel Coffee, Thomas Cadwalader, Moses Embree,
Euth Paxon, Benjamin Paxon, Elizabeth Hamner, Joseph Evoute,
Eachel Pidgeon, John Coffee, Nancy Moorlan, Moses Cadwalader,
William Ballard, Jr., Amos Ballard. Jesse Cadwalader, Mourning
Ballard, Elizabeth Ballard, Euth Cadwalader.

William Blocksom and Mary Butler were married at South
Eiver Meeting-house 1-21-1795.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Agatha
Johnson, Patty Terrell, Mary Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Nancy
Davis, Susannah Terrell, Elizabeth Pidgeon, Plarrison Eatcliff,
William Johnson, Gideon Blocksom, Jonathan Butler, John W.
Johnson, Charles Smith, Isaac Pidgeon, Thomas M. Clark, Mar}^
Davis, Drusilla Crew, Sally Butler, Mildred Eatcliff, Nancy Butler,
Mary Blocksom, Eichard Bloxsom, Sr., James Butler, Nicholas
Crew, David Terrell, Abner Grigg, Wm. Johnson, Eichard Block-
som.

JosEPPi Bradfield and Cynthia Gary were married at South
Elver Meeting-house 9-13-1798.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Martha
Baugham, Mary Lynch, Mary Terrell, Sarah Millbum, Elizabeth
Lea, Jesse Williams, Joseph Fisher, Jr., Benjamin Hanna, Thomas
Maddox, John Bradfield, William Butler, Samuel Carey, Eachel
Cary, Sarah Gary, John Cary, John Fisher.

Thomas Burgess, son of Joseph Burgess, and Betsy Hendriok,

daughter of Moses Hendrick, of the County of Halifax, were

married at Banister Meeting-house, in the County of Halifax,

10-16-1791.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Eobert

Hanna, Ashley Johnson, Betsy Anderson, Sally Slaughter, Daniel

MARRIAGES. 73

Terry, George Wood, Daniel Easly, Rachel Anderson, Joseph Kir-
by, Anna Anderson, Edith Easly, Joseph Fisher.

Thomas Bailey and Elizabeth Timberlake were married at
South Eiver Meeting-house 6-16-1803.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Lydia
Johnson, Susanna Ballard, Polly Timberlake, Hannah Pennock,
Mary Butler, Sarah Johnson, Priscilla Butler, James Stanton,
James Martin, John Timberlake, Jonathan Johnson, Josiah Bailey,
John Pennock.

Josiah Bailey, of Campbell County, and Susann"a Ballard,

daughter of Barclay and Judith Ballard, of Bedford County,

were married at Ivy Creek Meeting-house, in Bedford County,

7-15-1804.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Thomas

Johnson, Johnson Ballard, William Butler, Amos HoUoway, iSTich-

olas Johnson, Benjamin Johnson, John Swinney, Joseph Johnson,

Ehoda Johnson, Agatha Johnson, Hepsabeth Holloway, Salley

Macey, Betsy Butterworth, iSTancy Johnson, Susanna Stone.

William Ballard, son of Barclay and Judith Ballard, of Bedford
County, and ISTancy Butterworth, daughter of Benjamin
and Eachel Butterworth, of Campbell County, Virginia, were
married at South Eiver Meeting-house 11-14-1805.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Barclay
Ballard, Benjamin Butterworth, James Ballard, William Stanton,
James Candler, John P. Swinney, Edward Lynch, Timothy Grew-
ell, Isaac Pidgeon, Polly Butterworth, Betsy Butterworth, Polly
Ballard, Huldah Stanton, iSTancy Johnson, Deborah Douglas, Mil-
dred Eatcliff.

Daniel Burgess^ son of Joseph and Deborah Burgess, of the Coun-
ty of Campbell, and Euth Milliner, daughter of Beverly and
Ann Milliner, of Halifax County, were married at South Eiver
Meeting-house 11-14-1805.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Wil-
liam Stanton, Barclay Ballard, Stephen Butler, Mary Butler, Enoch

74 MARRIAGES.

Eoberts, Isaac Pidgeon, Polly Burgess, Grace Plummer, ThomaR
Burgess, John Burgess, Joseph Burgess, Jr.

James Ballard, son of Barclay and Judith Ballard, of Bedford
County, and Betsy Butterworth^ of Campbell County, were
married at South Eiver Meeting-house 2-13-1806.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Wil-
liam Ballard, Benjamin Butterworth, Josiah Bailey, Jonathan
Johnson, William Butler, John Lynch, James S. Butler, Thomas
Burgess, Wm. Da\ds, Jr., Polly Butterworth, Milley Butterworth,
IS^ancy Ballard, Susanna Bailey^ Mildred Eatcliff, Anna Lynch.
Matilda Eoberts, Druscilla Burgess, Sally Lodge, Mildred Tyree,
Judith Johnson, Betsy Douglass, Alice Grewell, Mary Butler, Za-
linda Davis, William Stanton.

William Butler, son of Stephen and Mary Butler, and Nancy
Johnson, daughter of William and Susanna Johnson, both of
Campbell County, were married at South Eiver Meeting-house
4-15-1806.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Lat-
ham Stanton, Stephen Butler, Jr.. Edward Butler, Jonathan But-
ler, Harrison Eatcliff, Deborah Butler, Jeptha Johnson, Enoch
Eoberts, William Johnson, Jr., Mary Butler, Susannah Johnson,
Sarah Lodge, Huldah Stanton, Elizabeth Douglas, l!^ewby Johnson,
Sarah Johnson, Matilda Eoberts, Mary Douglas, Zalinda Davis,
Jonathan Johnson, Stephen Butler, William Johnson, Sr., Eobert
Johnson, Deborah Douglas, Elizabeth Douglas, Sarah Johnson,
Judith Johnson.

Joseph C. Burgess, son of Jonathan and Margaret Burgess, of
Campbell County (Margaret deceased), and Martha John-
son, daughter of Christopher and Sarah Johnson (both de-
ceased), of Bedford County, v^ere married at South Eiver
Meeting-house 4-13-1808.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Stephen
Butler, Josiah Bailey, Jonathan Burgess, Charles T. Arthur, Thom-
as Burgess, Benjamin Johnson, Nicholas Johnson, Joseph Johnson,
Samuel Eisher, Daniel Burgess, John H. Moorman, Caleb Johnson^

MAKRIAGES. 75

Nancy Johnson, Matilda Johnson, Elizabeth Fisher, Mary Burgess,
Betty Burgess, Ehoda Johnson, Agatha Johnson, Susanna Bailey,
James Mallory.

Steven Butler, son of Stephen and Mary Butler, of the town of

Lynchburg, and Louisa Bailey, daughter of Exom and Ta-

bitha Bailey, were married at South Eiver Meeting-house

12-13-1821.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Lil-

bourn Johnson, William Butler, William Davis, Jonathan Johnson,

William Davis, Jr., James S. Butler, Achillis M. Douglas, William

Butler, Jr., Daniel Johnson, John L. Douglas, John L. Davis,

Micajah T. Johnson, Mary A. Davis, Deborah Butler, Ann Eliza

Bailey, Delitha Butler, Sarah Johnson, Sarah L. Davis, Sarah

Snead, Mary Jane Adams, Anselm D. Johnson.

Tristram Coggshall and Lucy Terrell^ of Campbell County,
were married at South Eiver Meeting-house 3-21-1790.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Sarah
Terrell, William Johnson, Byrum Ballard, Mary Davis, Samuel
Davis, Betty Hendrake, Susanna Johnson, Dosha Moorman, ISTancy
Moorman, Achillis Douglas, Mary Betts, Ann Fowler, Elizabeth
Douglas, Betty Johnson, John Faxon, Thomas Bedford, John
Candler, Jr., William Bloxom, Eachel Faxon, Mary Baughan, Anna
Terrell, Euth Fidgeon, Sarah Tennison, Sarah Johnson, Susanna
Davis, Sarah Johnson, William Stanton, Wilham Davis, Eachel
Ballard, Sarah Hutton, James Candler, Henry Terrell, Eobert
Hanna, Ashley Johnson, Eichard Bloxom, Eobert Johnson.

Moses Cadwalader, Jr., and Mary Ballard, of Bedford County,
were married at South Eiver Meeting-house 5-23-1792.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Joseph
Teazel, Abigal Moorlan, Eebecca Morland, Elizabeth Teazel, Susan
Morlan, Thomas Davis, Henry Hurt, Joseph Moorland, Folly
Haynes, Stephen Moorland, Christopher Anthony, Ann Moorland,
Mevory Anthony, Annis Davis, Sarah Johnson, Eachel Fidgeon,
Eachel CofEee, Sarah Hutton, Euth Cadwalader, Judith Ballard,

76 . MARRIAGES.

Elizabeth Ballard, William Pidgeon, Samuel Davis, Moses Cad-
walader, Mary Cadwalader, Joseph Wright, Philip Teazle, Aden
Moorland, Moses Hurt, Byrum Ballard, Thomas Cadwalader, Jesse
Cadwalader.

Mahlon" Cadwalader, son of Thomas and Jane Cadwalader, and
Eliz^vjbeth Douglas, daughter of Achillis and Elizabeth
Douglas, were married at South Eiver Meeting-house
6-10-1809.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Achil-
lis Douglas, Thomas Cadwalader, Joseph Stratton, Jonathan John-
son, John Lynch, Sr., Eichard Tyree, Benjamin Johnson, Eeubin
Moorman, Isaac Pidgeon, Etchison Grigsby, Jonah Cadwalader,
Joel Lewis, Judith Johnson, Deborah Douglas, Mildred Tyree,
Polly Lynch, Penelope Anthony, Mary, Butler, Susanna Johnson,
Elizabeth Cadwalader, Sarah Johnson.

William Davis^ son of Samuel and Annis Davis, of Bedford Coun-
ty, and Zalinda Davis, daughter of John and Mary Lynch, of
Campbell County, were married at South Eiver Meeting-house
5-13-1793.

The names of witnesses : William Johnson, Arch Lacy, William
Stanton, George Eoberts, Eobert Hanna, Catharine Hanna, Gerard
Johnson, Susanna Miller, Vernon Metcalf, Matilda Eoberts, Mary
Terrell, Ann Terrell, Sally Lynch, Elizabeth Douglas, Polly Fow-
ler, Sarah Lodge, Agatha Dicks, Elizabeth Johnson, John Lynch,
Samuel Davis, Enoch Eoberts, John Davis, Sr., Achillis Douglas,
Thomas Davis, Micajah, Mary Timberlake, Gideon Lea, Ashley
Johnson, John Baughan, David Jolinson, William Dicks, Ashley
Johnson, Jr., Edward Terrell, Newberry Johnson, Dudley Cave,
Penelope Johnson, Susanna Johnson, Millie Johnson, Eebecca
Preston, Joseph Johnson, Sarah Terrell, Mildred Johnson, Anna
Lea, Alice Taylor, Tace Kichols, Micajah Terrell, Jr., Samuel Ter-
rell, Eobert Johnson, Christopher Johnson, Eobert Burton, Isaac
Parrish, James Martin, Tace Baugham, Mary Terrell, Mourning
Johnson.

MAEEIAGES. 77

Samuel Erwi^s", son of James and Mary Erwin, and Sarah Hol:\is^
daughter of WilKam and Mary Holms, were married at Goose
Creek Meeting-house, in Bedford County, 7-4-1793.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Mar-
garet Dobyns, Moses Embree, Joel Lewis, Sarah Lewis, Thomas
Cadwalader, Jane Cadwalader, Eachel Pidgeon, Ben Paxon, John
Coffee, Eachel Coffee, Will Tuggle, Moses Cadwalader, Carls An-
thony, Susanna Erwin, William Pidgeon, Mary Bond, Moses Cad-
walader, Jr., Samuel Oliphant, Esther Eichards, Benjamin Bond,
Euth Cadwalader, Hannah Anthony, Lucy Phelps, Betsy Bobbitt,
Sarah Pidgeon, Sally Gregg, Amos Harris, Elizabeth Harris, Jane
Bobbitt, James Erwin, Mar\' Erwin, Margaret Harris, Elizabeth
Sehoby, Jane Erwin, Mary Harris, Magdalen Erwin, Hanna Har-
ris, Daniel McPherson, Mar}' McPherson, Mary Anthony, Mary
Burns, James Burns.

Elias Fisher, son of Joseph and Ann Fisher, and Haxxah Curle,
daughter of Joseph and Eebecca Curie, all of Campbell Coun-
ty, were married at South Eiver Meeting-house 9-24-1793.

The follo^ving witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Wm.
Stanton, Wm. Johnson, Gerard Johnson, Eobt. Johnson, Eobt. Han-
na, Eobt. Wright, Catharine Hanna, Abel Lodge, Benjamin Hanna,
Thomas Hanna, Jane Tillus, Elizabeth Douglas, Humphrey
Baugham, Sally Lynch, Elizabeth Lea, Ann Leer, Sarah Johnson,
Phebe Stanton, Martha Baugham, Sarah Lodge, Joseph Curie, Jos-
eph Fisher, Eobt. Fisher, John Baugham, Samuel Fisher, Samuel
Cary, Ann Curie, Tacy Baugham, Cynthia Cary.

JoH>T Fisher, son of Joseph Fisher, and Eachel James^ daughter
of Thomas James, of the County of Campbell, were married at
South Eiver Meeting-house 10-17-1799.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Wil-
liam Stanton, Stephen Butler, Phebe Stanton, Mary Butler, Han-
nah Fisher, Mary Holloway, Joseph Fisher, Elias Fisher, Isaac
James.

78 MARRIAGES.

ISTiMEOD Farguson^ son of ISTimrod Farguson, and Anna Ander-
son, daughter of John Anderson (all of Halifax), were mar-
ried at Bannister Meeting-house 1-14-1801.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Daniel
Easly, Dudley Milner, James Turpin, John Farguson, Eichard An-
derson, Obed Hendrick, Abner Gregg, Edith Earby, Judith Ander-
son, Mary Parker, Betsy Parker, Isaac James, Thomas Burgess,
Betsy Burgess, Mary Milner, Judith Borum, Orpha Kirby, Eachel
Anderson.

Samuel Fisher, son of Joseph Fisher, and Elizabeth Johnson,
daughter of Benjamin Johnson, of Bedford County, were mar-
ried at Ivey Creek Meeting-house, Bedford County, 12-23-1802.
The following witnesses signed the certificate: Benjamin John-
son, John Johnson, Amos Holloway, William Butler, Joseph
Fisher, Elias Fisher, Betty Burgess, Tacy Lodge, Hannah Fisher,
Hepzabah Holloway, Sarah Johnson, Ann Fisher.

Amos Holloway and Hepzibah Stanton, of Campbell County,
were married at South Eiver Meeting-house 10-20-1785.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Wil-
liam Stanton, Wm. Johnson, Achillis Douglas, John Fowler, Ash-
ley Johnson, Wm. Stanton, Jr., James Johnson, Wm. Ferrell, Ma-
tilda Lynch, Mary Lynch, Latitia Wileman, Eachel Ballard, Susan-
na Johnson, Eachel Moorman, Ann Fowler, Sarah Johnson, Euth
Johnson. Mary Anthony, Ann Lea, Elizabeth Douglas, Judith
Feddell.

William Hallowat and Sarah Stanley, of Bedford County,

were married at the South Eiver Meeting-house, in Campbell

County, 7-19-1790.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Micajah

Davis, Wm. Stanton, William Ballard, John Lynch, Eobeda Han-

na, Abijah Eichards, Achillis Douglas, David Terrell, Tristram

Coggshall, William Snead, Mary Betts, Eachel Coffee, Euth

Pidgeon, Eachel Pidgeon, Sarah Bloxom, Susanna Johnson, Sarah

Lewis, Anna Lea, Eachel Ballard, Amos Holloway, Wm. Stanton,

Catharine Stanton, Hepzibah Halloway, Jane Jolinson, Elizabeth

Douglas, Sarah Stanley.

MAHEIAGES. 79

Abn-ee Hollowat and Betsy Stanley, of the County of Bedford,
were married at South Eiver Meeting-house 10-14-1797.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Elias
Fisher, Jesse Williams, Aaron Stanton, Mourning Johnson, Sarah
Gary, Nancy Ferrell, William Butler, Ehzabeth Curie, Christopher
Johnson, Eobt. Hannah, Eichard Bloxsom, Elizabeth Hendricks,
Benj. Hanna, John Johnson, Thos. Hanna, John Lynch, Amos
Halloway, Hapzibah Holloway, Wm. Stanton, Latham Stanton,
Huldah Stanton, Mary Butler, Mary Halloway.

Charles Johnson" and Molley Moorman (daughter of Zacheriah
Moorman), of Bedford County, were married at South Eiver
Meeting-house, in Campbell County, 8-16-1778.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Chris-
topher Johnson, Zachariah Moorman, William Johnson, Benj.
Johnson, Ashley Johnson, Benj. Johnson, Jr., Thomas Moorman,
William Ballard, John Clarke, Edward Terrell, Elijah Bocock, John
Lynch, Christopher, Edward Clarke, Samuel Stanley, Zedekiah
Candler, Lucy Johnson, Mary Miller, Elizabeth Johnson, Molley
Johnson, Mary Ferrell, Susanna Johnson, Miller Moorman, Eachel
Moorman, Eachel Johnson, Anna Bocock, Agnes Johnson, Susanna
Moorman, Eachel Ballard, Eachel Moorman, Sarah Goode, Mary
Anthony, Priscilla Stanley, Jane Tillus, Elizabeth Terrell, Ann
Candler, Mary Terrell, Elizabeth Moorman.

James Johnson and Eachel Moorman, of the County of Bed-
ford, were married 3-18-1781.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Micajah
Moorman, Eachel Ballard, James Johnson, Samuel Johnson, Bar-
clay Ballard, Judith Ballard, William Johnson, Christopher John-
son, Ashly Johnson, Benjamin Johnson, Henry Moorman, William
Ferrell, John Lynch, Micajah Davis, Charles Johnson, Mary John-
son, Milley Moorman, Penelope Johnson, Elizabeth Johnson,
Christopher Anthony, David Johnson, Mary Anthony, William
Davis.

80 MARRIAGES.

Joseph Johnson and Agatha Moorman, daughter of Zachariali
Moorman, were married at South Eiver Meeting-house
4-17-1785.
The following wdtnesses signed the marriage certificate : Chris-
topher Johnson, John Lynch, William Stanton, Christopher An-
thony, Ann Candler, Milley Johnson, jMolly Johnson, James
Johnson, William Davis, Elizabeth Douglas, Judith Ballard, Susan-
na Miller. John Candler, Samuel Davis, Mary Timberlake, Eachel
Johnson, ]\Iary Johnson, Salley Johnson, Samuel Johnson, Zach-
ariah Moorman, Eachel Ballard, John Johnson, Eachel Moorman,
Achillis Douglas, Betty Johnson, Ann Lay, Susanna Johnson.

Samuel Johnson, of the County of Campbell, and Susanna
Moorman^ of said County, were married at South Eiver Meet-
ing-house 1-20-1788.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Eachel
Ballard, Judith Ballard, Ehoda Moorman, Dosha Moorman, Mi-
cajah Moorman, John Johnson, David Terrell, Eleanor Ballard,
Elizabeth Douglas, Mary Johnson, Euth Jolmson, Sarah Johnson,
Susanna Miller, Betsy Johnson, Charles Moorman, James Johnson,
William Johnson, Christopher Anthony, Samuel Davis, Micajah
Davis, Mary Anthony, William Ballard, Christopher Johnson, Wil-
liam Davis, Charles Brooke, Achillis Douglas, Barclay Ballard,
Ashley Johnson.

John Johnson, of Bedford County, and Ehoda Moorman, of

Campbell, were married at South Eiver Meeting-house

10-21-1789.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Micajah

]\Ioorman, WilUam Jolinson, Joseph Johnson, Andrew Moorman,

James Johnson, Samuel Johnson, Thomas Moorman, William

Bloxom, Charles Moorman, Thomas Johnson, Moorman Johnson.

Thomas Johnson, Joseph Stratton, Samuel Davis, Eichard Bloxom.

Mary Davis, Annis Davis, Agatha Johnson, Susanna Johnson,

Betty Moorman, Dosha Moorman, Sarah Stratton, Milley Johnson,

Susanna Johnson, Nancy Moorman, Eachel Johnson, Prudence

Moorman.

MAREIAGES. 81

William Johnson', son of William Johnson, and Saeah Bloxom,
daughter of Eichard Bloxom, all of Campbell County, were
married at South Eiver Meeting-house 11-30-1791.
ISTames of witnesses to marriage certificate: William Bloxom,
Benjamin Stanton, William Johnson, Eichard Bloxom, John John-
son, Micajah Moorman, Joseph Johnson, Thomas Johnson, Wm.
Johnson, James Johnson, Charles Moorman, Samuel Johnson,
David Johnson, Christopher Johnson, Henry Terrell, Charles
Johnson, Thomas Moorman, Achillis Moorman, Barclay Ballard,
Benjamin Johnson, Henry Brown, Ashley Johnson, Cerard John-
son, Jr., Mary Davis, Betty Johnson, N'eoma Stratton, Agatha
Johnson, Judith Johnson, Betty Moorman, Dosha Moorman, Eachel
Moorman, ^ancy Moorman, Africa Moorman, Jean Johnson, Mil-
ley Johnson, Salley Moorman, Mary Herndon, Salley Johnson.

Charles Johnson and Susanna Terrell, of Campbell County,
were married at Hill Creek Meeting-house 3-17-1796.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: David
Terrell, Wm. Johnson, Henry Terrell, David Terrell, Jr., Samuel
Terrell, Charles Moorman, David Johnson, John Eichardson, Eich-
ard Bloxom, Kancy Davis, Milly Jolmson, Molly Jolinson, Mathew
Davis, Letitia Wildman, Mary Da\ds, Mildred Eatcliff, Susanna
Davis, Druscilla Crew, Agatha Johnson, Eachel Johnson, Molly
Eichardson, Mourning Johnson, Betsy Moorman, M. Davis.

Timothy Johnson and Lydia Ballard, of Bedford County, were
married at Ivy Creek Meeting-house 8-14-1799.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Cliris-
topher Johnson, Barclay Ballard, Wm. Stanton, Benjamin Johnson,
Micajah Macy, Amos Holloway, Jonathan Johnson, John Tellus,
Mourning Timberlake, Susanna Ballard, Betsy Johnson, Ann
Fowler, Eachel Johnson, Ehoda Jolinson, Sarah Johnson, Martha
Johnson.

]^EWBY Johnson, son of William Johnson, and Sarah Douglas,
daughter of Achillis Douglas, were married at South Eiver
Meeting-house 2-13-1800.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Wm.

82 MARRIAGES.

Johnson, St., Achillis Douglas, Elizabeth Douglas, Charles L. Ter-
rell, Sarah Lodge, Nancy Johnson, John Lynch, Wm. Stanton,
Harrison Eatcliff, Ann Lynch, Enoch Eoberts, Ann Pidgeon, Mil-
dred Ratclifi, Sarah James, Betsy Lea.

Pleasant Johnson and ISTancy Moorman, both of Campbell
County, were married at Seneca Meeting-house, 1-14-1801.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Agatha
Johnson, Polly Moorman, Lydia Moorman, Betsy Moorman, Mary
Perrall, Mildred Ratcliff, Letitia Wildman, Mary Timberlake, Wm.
Johnson, Sr., Thomas Moorman, James Johnson, Daniel Stratton,
Ashley Stratton, Mica j ah ]\Ioorman, Charles Johnson, WilHam
Johnson, Jr., Joseph Stratton, Jr.

Jonathan Johnson, son of William and Susanna Johnson, and
Judith Douglas, daughter of Achillis and Elizabeth Douglas,
all of Campbell County, were married at South Elver Meeting-
house 1-17-1805.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Achil-
lis Douglas, Wm. Jolinson, Mildred Douglas, Micajah Terrell,
Eobert Johnson, Nancy Johnson, Matilda Eoberts, Zalinda Davis,
Elijah Johnson, Mary Butler, Wm. Butler, Eichard Tyree, Deborah
Douglas, Betsy Terrell, Polly Lynch, Wm. Davis, Jeptha Johnson,
Joseph Fisher, William Stanton, Newby Johnson.

Anselm Johnson^ son of Benjamin and Mary Johnson, of Bed-
ford County, and Deborah Douglas, daughter of Achillis and
Elizabeth Douglas, were married at South Eiver Meeting-house
7-10-1810.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Achil-
lis Douglas, Benj. Johnson, Lemuel Johnson, Samuel Johnson,
Samuel Fisher, Nicholas Johnson, Mahlon Cadwalader, James S.
Butler, Etchison Grigsby, James Cox, Garland Johnson, Stephen
Butler, Jr., Nathan Dicks, Wm. Davis, Jr., Samuel Davis. William
Davis, Harrison Eatcliff, Stephen Butler, John Lynch, Josiah
Bailey, Latham Stanton, Daniel Burress, Isaac Pidgeon, Edward
Lynch, Jonathan Butler, Elias Fisher, Elizabeth Fisher, Mary
Lynch, Mary Butler, Zalinda Davis, Matilda Johnson, Lucy John-
son, Jonathan Johnson, Nancy Butler.

MAERIAGES. 83

Joseph Johxsox. son of James and Penelope Jolinson, of Bedford
County, and Betsy Ballard, daughter of Benjamin and
Eachel Butterworth., of Campbell County, were married at
South Eiver Monthly Meeting-house 2-8-1812.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Benja-
min Butterworth, Milley Defer, Jonathan Johnson, Anthony John-
son, Jas. S. Butler, John L. Eoberts, Jonah Cadwalader, Jonathan
Butler, Judith Johnson, Moorman Butterworth, Zalinda Ljoich,
Matilda Eoberts, Josiah Bailey, John H. Moorman, George Akers,
Stephen Butler, Eachel Johnson, Thomas Ballard. Mary Butler,
Susanna Bailey, Priscilla Butler, Stephen Butler, Jr., Matilda But-
ler, Deborah Butler, Deborah Butler, Jr.

LiLBURN Johnson, son of Christopher and Sarah Johnson, and
Deborah Butler, daughter of Stephen and Mary Butler, were
married at South Eiver Meeting-house l-l-t-lSlD.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: James
S. Butler, Pleasant Johnson, Caleb Johnson, Jonathan Butler,
Lemuel Johnson, John. Davis, John H. Moorman. Joseph Boyce,
Eichard Tyree, John F. Hawkins, Micajah T. Lynch, Charles Fish-
er, Acliillis Douglas, James Butler, Sr., PoUey L}Tich, Mary John-
son, Lucinda Johnson, Zalinda Lynch, Mildred Tyree, Louisa Bail-
ey, Ann T. Lynch, Eebecca Preston, Mary Lynch, Zalinda Davis,
Judith Johnson, Anna L}Tich, Mary Ann Lynch, Sally Bailey, Lucy
Jones, Eliza Lynch, Sarah L. Davis, Mary A. Davis.

John James, son of Thomas and Sarah James, and Martha
Baugham, daughter of Humphrey and Elizabeth Baugham,
were married at South Eiver Meeting-house 4-18-1799.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Thomas
Eeeder, Priscilla Eeeder, Joseph Fisher, Thomas Hanna. Jonathan
Carey, James Butler, Lucy Baugham, John Lynch, Stephen Butler,
Sarah Lodge, Judith Douglas, Mary Lynch.

84 MAEEIAGES.

MAEEIAGE CERTIFICATES BEDFOED MONTHLY MEET-
ING, BEDFOED COUNTY.*

Henet Keeby and Maey Andeeson" were married at Bedford
Monthly Meeting held 12-20-1761.
The f ollo^dng witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Charles
Lynch, Charles Neal, Bowling Clark, Micajah Moorman, William
Johnson, Daniel Candler, John Candler, Christopher Johnson.
Sarah Lynch, Sarah Terrell, Winfred Clarke, Susanna Johnson,
Anna Lynch.

Evan Lewis (son of Jehu Lewis and Alice his wife), of Bedford
County, and Saeah Tennison, daughter of John and Ann
Tennison, of Amherst Count}^, were married at South Eiver
Meeting-house, in Campbell County, 4-22-1790.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Wil-
liam Johnson, William Ballard, Ashley Johnson. Eobert Johnson.
William Betts, Enoch Eoberts, Christopher Gatt, Micajah Boudlas,
Susanna Johnson, Betty Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Eacliel Ballard,
William Stanton, John Johnson, Christopher James, Eobert Hanna,
John Davis, Henry Tennison. Salley Johnson, Salley Martin.
Eachel Paxon, Mary Baugham, Penelope Johnson, Mary Fowler,
Phebe Stanton, Zalinda Lynch, Mary Betts, Jane TuUas, Jesse
Lewis, Ann Lewis, Matilda Eoberts, Margaret Tennison.

JocABAD LoDGE^ SOU of Jocabad and Catharine Lodge, and Saeah
Johnson^ daughter of William and Susannah Johnson, of
Campbell County, were married 11-22-1792 at South Eiver
Meeting-house.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Wil-
liam Johnson, William Stanton, John Davis. Alice Fisher, Gerard
Johnson. Eobert. Johnson, Achillis Douglas, Polley Fowler. Betsy

♦ Taken from the minutes of Southriver Monthly Meeting, of whicli they were a
part.

MARRIAGES. 85

risher, Betty Johnson, Elizabeth Douglas, Jonathan Johnson, Wil-
liam Johnson, John Preston, John Johnson, Edward Lynch, Eob-
ert Fisher, Ashley Johnson, Mary Tenner, Matilda Roberts, Rebec-
ca Preston, Ruth Micker, John Headon, James Martin, Joseph
Fisher, Mariah Wright, John Roberson, Robert Hanna, Rachel
Wright, Zalinda Lynch, jSTancy Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mourning
Johnson.

Jesse Lewis, son of Jehu and Alice Lewis, of Bedford County, and
Rebecca Morelan, daughter of Jason and Nancy Morelan,
were married at South River Meeting-house 2-20-1793.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Amos
Ballard, William Ballard, Nathan Hale, Sarah Ballard, Moses
Hurt, William Reardson, Elizabeth Ballard, Edna Dickenson,
Eliza Ballard, Rachel Feazel, Susannah Hanna, Elizabeth Wright,
Mourning Ballard, Ruth Straasberry, Judith Ballard, Jonan Moor-
Ian, Thomas Johnson, John Davis, Sr., Micajah Davis, Elizabeth
Hanmer, Sarah Blackley, Jason Moorlan, Joel Lewis, George
Lewis, Nancy Morelan, Jos. Richardson, Abigal Moorelan, Martha
Rhodes, , Betty Richardson, Evan Lewis, Joseph Rhodes, Esther
Richards, Ada Moorlan, Moses Embree, Mary Moorelan, Jr., Aaron
Feazle, Barnet Feazle.

Daniel McPherson, son of Stephen and Mary McPherson, and
Mary Bond, daughter of Edward and Mary Bond, all of Bed-
ford County, were married at South River Meeting-house
6-20-1793.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certiticate: Rebec-
ca Lewis, Nancy Morelan, Jonah Dobins, William Pennock, Moses
Cadwalader, William Pennock, Sr., John Pennock, Thomas Dobins,
Chas. Pidgeon, James Cadwalader, Stephen Morlan, Philip Wil-
hams, Ruth Paxon, Hannah Lerrow, Sarah Pidgeon, Ruth Cad-
walader, Joel Lewis, Sarah Lewis, Mary Anthony, Chris. Anthony,
Benj. Bond, Moses Embree, Allan Bond, Mary Kutzs, Samuel Er-
win, Wm. Pidgeon, Rachel Pidgeon, John Coffee, Abijah Richards,
Jane Cadwalader, Rachel Coffee, Edward Bond, Mary Bond, Saml.
Oliphant, Henry Newman, Hannah Harris, Elizabeth Dobins, Mag-
dala Erwin, Alice Pennock, Jane Erwin, Mary Harris, Hannah
Pidgeon, Sarah Holmes.

86 MARRIAGES.

MiCAjAH Mact, of Bedford County, and Sarah Holloway, of
Campbell County, were married at South Eiver Meeting-house
9-25-1794.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Samuel
Gary, James Jolmson, Mary Betts, Achillis Douglas, John Lynch,
Elizabeth Douglas, Cynthy Cary, Salley Snead, Thomas Hanna,
Judith Douglas, Elihu Macy, Amos Holloway, Asa Hollov/ay, Isaac
Holloway, Hepzibah Holloway, William Johnson, Hannah Fisher,
Mourning Johnson, Sarah Fisher, Nancy Jolinson, Tacy Baugham,
Eachel Wright, Elizabeth Lea, Hannah Fisher, Jonathan Johnson,
Wm. Stanton, Sr., Phebe Stanton, Wm. Stanton, Jr., John Pres-
ton, Joseph Coffin, Eobert Hanna, Catharine Hanna, Eebecca Pres-
ton, James Stanton, Daniel James, Mary Stanton, Mary Holloway,
Zacheus Stanton, Abner Holloway, Sarah Douglas, Mathew
Baugham, Harry Major.

Joseph Morelan and Mourning Ballard, of Bedford County,

were married at Upper Goose Creek Meeting-house, in said

County, 8-20-1794.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Mica j ah

Moorman, Eichard Bloxom, Ashly Johnson, Joseph Curie, Moorman

Johnson, Thomas Moorman, James Johnson, Eeuben Moorman,

Gerard Johnson, Sr., David Johnson, Sarah Terrell, Susanna

Moorman, Susanna Davis, Gerard Johnson, Mary Butler, Wm.

Johnson, Eliza Johnson, jSTaomi Stratton, Eachel Johnson, Effie

Moorman, Anna Bloxom, Elizabeth Douglas, Nancy Moorman, Jane

Tullas.

Jason Moreland, son of Jason and Ann Moreland, and Martha
TuLLis, daughter of Eichard and Jane Tullis, of Bedford
County, were married at South Eiver Meeting-house, in Camp-
bell County, 5-14-1796.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Sarah
Johnson, Lydia Johnson, Susanna Moorman, Lydia Ballard, Ehoda
Johnson, Wm. Stanton, Mary Butler, Thomas Hanna, Ashley John-
son, Barclay Ballard, Benjamin Hanna, Mary Lynch, Betsy John-
son, Milly Johnson, Matilda Eoberts, William Davis, Christopher
Johnson, Achillas Douglas, Zacheus Stanton, John Lynch, Elijah

MAERIAGES. ' 87

Johnson, Eichard Tullis, Wm. Fowler, Joseph Bradfield, Jonathan
Johnson, Samuel Gary, Hannah Fisher, Mary HoUoway, Eebecca
Preston, Jallis Tullis, John Tullis, Ann Tullis, Betty Hendrick,
Sarah Hendrick, Mary Anderson, Hepzibah Holloway, Eobert
Hanna, Mildred Johnson, Mary Betts, Mourning Johnson.

Eeuben Moorman, of Campbell County, and Ltdia Johnson^ of
Bedford County, were married 1-13-1799.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Thomas
Moorman, James Johnson, Benjamin Johnson, Thos. Johnson, Jos-
eph Johnson, Barclay Ballard, Xicholas Johnson, Timothy John-
son, James Ballard, David Johnson. Christopher Johnson, Amos
Holloway, John Wilkison, Africa Moorman, Elizabeth Johnson,
Judith Ballard, Eachel Johnson, Hepzibah Holloway, Nancy Moor-
man, Polly Moorman, Mary Johnson, Lydia Ballard, Elizabeth
Johnson, Huldah Stanton, Elizabeth Daugherty, Susan Ballard,
Lettice Daugherty.

MiCAJAH Macy, son of John Macy, of Bedford County, and Sarah
Fisher^ daughter of Joseph Fisher, of Campbell County, were
married at South Eiver Meeting-house 4-18-1799.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Hepsi-
bah Holloway, Nancy Johnson, William Stanton, Benjamin Hanna,
John Timberlake, Matilda Eoberts, Joseph Fisher, Jr., Humphrey
Baugham, Eobert Hanna, Mary Lynch, Ann Fisher, William John-
son, Sr,

Dudley Milner, son of Beverly Milner, and Mary Anderson,
daughter of John Anderson, were married at South Eiver
Meeting-house 13-13-1800.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Daniel
Easly, Nimrod Farguson, Eichard Kirby, Joseph Fisher, Jr., Wil-
liam Davis, Jr., Edward Lynch, Eobt. Hanna, William Johnson,
Mica j ah Terrell, Jonathan Johnson, Anna Anderson, Euth Milner,
Orpha Kirby, Mary Butler, Susanna Davis.

88 MARRIAGES.

Hugh Morgan" and Judith Johnsok were married at Seneca
Meeting-house, in Campbell County.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Gerard
Johnson, Elias Fisher, Charles Moorman, Charles Johnson, Ashley
Johnson, Wm. Johnson, Micajah Moorman, Susanna Moorman,
Elizabeth Terrell, Eachel Johnson.

John H. Moorman, of Campbell County, and Betsy Johnson, of
Bedford Count}'^, were married 7-12-1806.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Joseph
Stratton, John Lynch, Stephen Butler, Josiah Bailey, Eebecca
Preston, Mary Lynch, Mildred Eatclifl', Susanna Davis, Nancy
Johnson, Mary Davis, Judith Johnson, Zalinda Davis, Thomas
Moorman, Eeuben Moorman, Simeon Johnson, Chiles Moorman,
Ehoda Johnson, Dosha Stratton.

Benjamin Paxon^ son of Jacob and Mary Paxon, and Eutii
PiDGEON, daughter of William and Eachel Pidgeon, were mar-
ried at Goose Creek Meeting-house, in Bedford County,

5-24-1792.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Joel
Lewis, Sarah Lewis, Samuel Anthony, Hannah Lewis, Martha
Ehodes, John Pennock, Samuel Oliphant, Mentor P. Perdue, Annis
Davis, Moses Cadwalader, Mary Cadwalader, Mourning Ballard,
Jesse Cadwalader, William Tugg, Elisha Schooly, Thomas Davis,
Amos Ballard, Patrick Hix, Mary Bond, Edward Bond, Henry
Thurman, William Davis, Sarah Lewis, Euth Curie, Isaac Hatcher,
Eachel Hatcher, Mar}^ Anthony, James Erwin, ]\'Iary Erwin, Mag-
dala Crew, William Pidgeon, Eachel Pidgeon, Elizabeth Hanna,
Euth Cadwalader, Men. Bond, Moses Embree, Eachel Schooly,
Samuel Davis, Christopher Anthony, Hannah Curie, Samuel Er-
win, Benjamin Bond, Micajah Eichards, Esther Eichards, Moses
Embree, Jane Erwin,Mary Betts, William Betts, John Coffee,
Eachel Cofi'ee, Joseph Crouch, Hannah Pidgeon, Charles Pidgeon,
Isaac Pidgeon, Wm. Pidgeon.

MARRIAGES. 89

Isaac PiDGEOisr, son of William and Eachel Pidgeon, of Campbell
County, and Eliz-Abeth Hamner, daughter of Jolm and
Eachel Hamner, of the County of Bedford, were married at
Goose Creek Meeting-house 4-5-1793.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Han-
nah Larrow, Moses Cadwalader, Euth Cadwalader, Edward Bond,
Mary Lenord. Mary Burruss, Evan Lewis, Jesse Lewis, Elizabeth
Woodford, Eebecca W. Lewis, Sarah Holmes, Mary Harris, Aaron
Betts, Stephen Moorlan, John Coffee, Wm. Pidgeon, Jr., Charles
Pidgeon, Alice Lewis, Joel Lewis, Sarah Lewis, Martha Ehodes,
Guhelma Perdue, Samuel Erwin, Man,' Bond, Alice Pennock,
Magdala Erwin, Elizabeth Harris, Mary Anthony, David Hale,
Mary Eichards, William Pidgeon, Sarah Pidgeon, Mary Betts,
Eachel Coffee, Benjamin Bond, John Pennock. Charles Anthony,
Thomas Cadwalader, Amos Harris, Christopher Anthony, Samuel
Erwin, Abigal Eichards, James Erwin, Mary Erwin, Eachel
Schooly, Moses Cadwalader, Moses Embree, Susanna Betts, Moses
Embree, Jr., John Embree.

Asa Plummer, son of Joseph Plummer, of Berkley County, and
Grace Burgess, daughter of Joseph Burgess, of Campbell
County, were married at Seneca Meeting-house 1-12-1796.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : M.
Eandle, Nancy Moorman, Priscilla Butler, Eachel Hatcher, Lettia
Wildman, Susanna Johnson, Ann Blocksom, Ann Blocksom, Jr.,
Mary Blocksom, Mary Moorman, Sarah Moorman, Mary Blocksom,
Sr., Wm. Johnson, Abner Gri gg, Eichard Blocksom, Ei chard Block-
som, Jr., Benj. Stratton, Gideon Blocksom, Joseph Burgess, Thom-
as Burgess, Daniel Burgess, John Burgess, Druscilla Burgess,
James Butler.

Charles Pidgeon, son of William Pidgeon, and Ann Gregg,
daughter of Abner Gregg, all of Campbell County, were mar-
ried at Seneca Meeting-house 5-15-1799.
The following A\dtnesses signed the marriage certificate : Ash-
ley Johnson, Benjamin Stratton, Daniel Burgess, Naomi Stratton,
Isaac Pidgeon, Susanna Johnson, Abraham Wildman, Thomas Bur-
gess, William Pidgeon, Elizabeth Pidgeon, Dosha Moorman, Mary
Bloxom.

90 MARRIAGES.

John Egberts and Eaghel Tatlgr were married at Bedford
Monthly Meeting 12-20-1761.
The following Avitnesses signed the marriage certificate : Charles
Lynch, Charles Keal, Micajah Moorman, Bowling Clark, Wm. John-
son, Daniel Candler, John Candler, Chris. Johnson, Sarah Terrell,
Sarah Lynch, Winnifred Clark, Susanna Johnson, Anna Lynch.

William Stabler, of Loudoun County (son of Edward and Mary
Stabler, of Petersburg, deceased), and Deborah Pleasants
(daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Pleasants, of Goochland
County), were married at Cedar Creek Meeting-house, in Han-
over County, 6-4-1789.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Thom-
as S. Pleasants, Edward Stabler, William H. Pleasants, Samuel
Pleasants, Jr., Samuel Parsons, James Hunnicutt, Thomas W.
Pleasants, B. Watkins, Cary Pleasants, Joel Eoyster, Thomas E.
Pleasants, Joseph Woodson, Sarah Parsons, Mar}^ Younghusband,
Elizabeth Pleasants, Polly Younghusband, Elizabeth Pleasants,
Jr., Elizabeth T. Pleasants, Eebecca Hunnicutt, Elizabeth Watkins,
Frances Eoyster, Polly Pleasants, Sarah Pleasants.

Thomas Snowden Pleasants, of Goochland County, son of Thom-
as and Elizabeth Pleasants, of said County, and Elizabeth
Tucker Pleasants, daughter of Jacob and Sarah Pleasants,
of Henrico Count5\ were married 12-16-1790.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Samuel
Parsons, John S. Pleasants, Thomas W. Pleasants, Philip Pleas-
ants, Thomas E. Pleasants, Cary Pleasants, Thomas Harris,
Obediah Crew, B. Watkin, John Harris, Achilhs Barksdale, Sarah
Parsons, Elizabeth Pleasants, Polly Pleasants, Mary Younghus-
band, Eliza Pleasants, Mary Brooks, Angey Eoyster.

Edward Stabler, of Alexandria, son of Edward and Mary Stabler
(deceased), of the town of Petersburg, and Mart Pleasants,
daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Pleasants (the latter de-
ceased), of Goochland County, were married at Cedar Creek,.
in Hanover County, 2-27-1794.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Thom-
as Pleasants, Eeuben Pleasants, James B. Pleasants, Eobert Pleas-

MARRIAGES. 91

ants, "William H. Pleasants, John Pleasants, John P. Watson, J. W,
Pleasants, Samuel P. Parsons, Thomas Hunnicutt, Philip Pleas-
ants, Gerard Hopkins, Samuel Parsons, Micajah Crew, Benjamin
Eussell, James Vanghan, E. Turner, Sarah Pleasants, Deborah
Pleasants, Mary Younghusband, Elizabeth T. Pleasants, Jane
Pleasants, Sarah Parsons, Mary P. Younghusband, Eebecca Hun-
nicutt, Elizabeth Stanley, Polly Watkins, Milley M. Hunnicutt.

Taklton Woodson Pleasants, son of James Pleasants, of Gooch-
land County, and Sarah Pleasants, daughter of Thoma*
Pleasants, of the said County, were married at Friends Meet-
ing-house at Genito 5-17-1803.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Wil-
liam H. Pleasants, Archibald Pleasants, John T. Pleasants, Philip
S. Pleasants, Eobert Watkins, Alban Gilpan, Thomas Hatton, John
Johnson, Samuel Hough, Thomas B. Watkins, Obadiah Crew, Dan-
iel Couch, James Hunnicutt, Joseph Woodson, Jr., Byars Crawford,
Matilda Pleasants, Dorothea E. Pleasants, Susanna E. Pleasants,
Ann Maria Smith, Sally Watkins, Eliza Hunnicutt, Eliza Pleas-
ants, Mary Trevillian.

Tarlton Woodson Pleasants, son of James Pleasants, of Gooch-
land County, and Talitha Crew, daughter of Mica j ah and
Margaret Crew, of Hanover County, were married at Cedar
Creek 6-13-1812.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Micajah
Crew, Benjamin Bates, Lemuel Crew, Walter Crew, William H.
Pleasants, Margaret Crew (Ann Taylor and Elizabeth Wood from
Ohio), Margaret M. Crew, Martha Pleasants, Thomas Hatton,
Daniel Couch, James Hunnicutt, Thomas Hunnicutt, Philip
Brooks, Isaac Parker, Isham Burch, Abner Brooks, Ben W. Ladd,
Susanna Pleasants, Margaret Yaughan, Deborah Harris, Lucy
Bates, Sarah D. Ladd, Susanna Brooks, Eliza M. Gordon, Emily
Pleasants.

93 MARRIAGES.

Joseph J. Pleasants^ son of William H. and Mary Pleasants, of
Goochland County, and Martha Bates^ daughter of Benja-
min and Tace Bates, of Hanover County, were married at
Cedar Creek 10-9-1819.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Micajah
Crew, Wm. H. Pleasants, Lemuel Crew, Fleming Bates, Walter
Crew, Thomas S. Pleasants, Micajah Bates, Oliver Ladd, Thomas
Hatton, Josiah Eatcliff, Joshua Bates, Nathaniel C. Crenshaw,
Thomas Hunnicutt, James Hunnicutt, Wm. S. Bates, Isaac Lead-
hetter, Benj. S. Bates, William John Clarke, Wm. R. Irby, Lemuel
Hargrave, Samuel S. Gilpin, Samuel B. Rice, John Crew, Edmund
B. Crenshaw, William EUett, Margaret Crew, Lucy Bates, Tace
Bates, Margaret M. Crew, Unit}^ Bates, Elizabeth A. Pleasants,
Margaret A. Webster, Margt. Vaughan, Jane Dabney, Martha Har-
grave, Unity S. Harris. Sarah Stanley, Deborah Bates, Isabella
Harris, Elizabeth Hunnicutt.

Benjamin Bates, of Hanover County, son of Benjamin Bates
(deceased), of York, and Henrietta Maria Pleasants,
daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Pleasants, of Goochland
County, were married at Genito Meeting-house 8-13-1812.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Micajah
Crew, William H. Pleasants, Walter Crew, Joseph Pollard, Isaac
Webster, N. M. Yaughan, Isaac Pleasants, Ben. W. Ladd, Micajah
Bates, Joseph Pleasants, James Hunnicutt, Henry Clarke, Thomas
S. Pleasants, Philip S. Pleasants, Granville Smith, Margaret Crew,
Paulina Pleasants, Lucy Bates, Martha Pleasants, Damaris Pleas-
ants, Susanna W. Pleasants, Abby Clarke, Deborah Harris, Margaret
W. Pleasants, Eliza P. Pleasants, Chlotilda Harris, Phebe Mills,
Ann Pleasants, Rebekah Harris, Eliza Hunnicutt, Emily Pleasants,
Rebecca M. Russell, Betsy Watkins, Lucy C. Downer, M. L. Pleas-
ants.

MARRIAGES. 93

Edward S. Pleasaxts, of the City of Eidunond, in the County of
Henrico^ son of Tarlton and Talitha Pleasants, of Goochland
County, and Tact E, Bates, daughter of Micajah and Mary
Bates, of the City of Eichmond (the latter deceased), were
married at Friends' Meeting-house, in the aforesaid city,
3-18-1846.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Henry
Clarke, Thos. M. Alfriend, Wm. John Clarke, A. Pleasants, Thos.
S. Pleasants, Charles J. Sinton, David H. Eead, John D. Graff,
Wm. Tjree, B. Slade, W. M. Gaskins, John H. Biddick, Elizabeth
E. Whitlock, Theodore Carrington. Henry B. Eead, Sarah I. Sin-
ton, Mary Ann Spencer, Jane C. Whitlock, Mary B. Ladd, Susan
S. Gaskins, Marcella Tyree, Eliza H. Lee, Martha B. NichoUs,
EHzabeth Waddel, Frances Andrews, Mary C. Pleasants, Eebecca
Spencer, Mary M. Clarke, Micajah Bates, Martha Ann Bates, Henry
Bates, Martha x\nn Bates, Catharine Bates, Wm. S. Bates, Mary- S.
Pleasants, Mary Bates, Nathaniel C. Crenshaw, Fleming Bates,
George F. Terrell, Mary Pleasants.

Enoch Eobards, of Campbell County (late of Philadelphia), and
Matilda Lynch, were married at South Eiver Meeting-house
1-29-1789.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Eliza-
beth Douglas, Susanna Johnson, Betty Johnson, Elizabeth Caffery,
Anna Lea, Sarah Johnson, Salley Jolinson, Eachel Paxson, Lucy
Terrell, Sarah Martin, Eobt. Hanna, Eobert Johnson, John Paxson,
William Betts, Mary Betts, Eobert Wright, Wm. Stanton, Catharine
Stanton, James Martin, Edward Lynch, Catharine Hanna, Ashley
Johnson, John Lynch, Wm. Jolinson, Chris. Johnson, Zalinda
Lynch, Benj. Johnson, Anselm Lynch, Wm. Stanton, Achillis
Douglas, Henry Terrell, John HargTOve.

Joseph Stratton, son of Joseph and Naomi Stratton, and Dosha

Moorman, daughter of Micajah and Susannah Moorman, all

of Campbell County, were married at Seneca Meeting-house

12-19-1792.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Joseph

Stratton, Micajah Moorman, Wm. Johnson, Joseph Johnson, Thom-

94 MAEEIAGES.

as Johnson, James Johnson, Eichard Bloxsom, John W. Johnson,
Thomas Moorman, Abner G-regg, Moorman Johnson, Ben Schofield,
Lemuel Johnson, Charles Moorman, Wm. Johnson, Wm. Bloxsom,
Kaomi Stratton, Agatha Johnson, Eachel Johnson, Ann Bloxsom,
Sally Moorman, Mary Betts, Jane Johnson, Judith Johnson, Nancy
Moorman, Susanna Johnson, Elizabeth Johnson, Polly Moorman,
Eachel Johnson.

Benjamin Steatton, son of Joseph Stratton, and Amy Curle,
daughter of Jos. Curie, were married at South Eiver Meeting-
house 1-20-1796.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Letitia
Wildman, Betty Moorman, Agatha Johnson, ISrancy Moorman, Su-
sannah Johnson, Eebecca Preston, Joseph Stratton, Sarah Curie,
Joseph Curie, Hannah Stratton.

Latham Stanton, son of Wm. Stanton, and Huldah Butlee^
daughter of Stephen Butler, all of Campbell County, were mar-
ried at South Elver Meeting-house 9-14-1797.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Ann
Lay, Eachel Cary, Kancy Jolinson, Susannah Johnson, Mary
Lynch, Lydia Johnson, Hannah Fisher, Sarah Lodge, Tacy ISFicols,
Cyntha Cary, Elizabeth Johnson, Betty Johnson, Sarah Johnson,
Benjamin Johnson, Humphrey Baugham, Timothy Johnson, Eob-
ert Hanna, Jonathan Johnson, Enoch Eobards, Eobert Johnson,
Benjamin Hanna, Jacob Nicols, Joseph Bradfield, William Fowler,
Cliristopher Johnson, Harry Majors, Wm. Stanton, Sr., Pheby
Stanton, Sally Butler, Stephen Butler, Sally Butler, Hepzibah Hol-
loway, Aaron Stanton, James Stanton, Zacheus Stanton, Jonathan
Butler, Wm. Butler, James Butler, James Staunton Butler, Asa
Hollo way.

Mahlon Stratton and Sarah Moorman, of Campbell County,

were married at Seneca Meeting-house 10-17-1798.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : ]\iicajah

Moorman, Eeuben Moorman, James Hunnicutt, James Stanton,

William Johnson, Joseph Stratton, James Jolmson, Abner Gregg^

MARRIAGES. 95

Ashly Johnson, Druscilla Burgess, Hannah Stratton, Mary Via,
Polly Moorman, Ehocla Johnson, Anna Stratton, Agatha Johnson,
Milley Johnson, Sarah Gregg, Sarah Curl. Letitia Wildman.

Zacheus Stanton, son of William Stanton, and Sally Butler,
daughter of James Butler, all of Campbell County, were mar-
ried at Hills Creek Meeting-house 10-16-1800.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Mary
Blosom, Sr., Xancy Butler, Sarah Curie, Elizabeth Pidgeon,
Martha Terrell, Susannah Fox, Druscilla Crew, James Butler, Sr.,
Jonathan Butler, Wm. Bloxom, Latham Stanton, David Terrell,
Ei chard Bloxom, Butterworth Benjamin.

Jacob Stratton, son of Joseph Stratton, and Eebecca Curle,
daughter of Joseph Curie, all of Campbell County, were mar-
ried at Senaca Meeting-house 11-12-1800.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Sarah
Curie, Mary Via, Hannah Stratton, Amy Stratton, Dosha Strat-
ton, Betty Wildman, Betty Moorman, Cliisy Hubank, Xancy Moor-
man, Africa jMoorman, Euth Gregg, Agatha Johnson, Letitia
Wildman, Shady Stratton, Joel Stratton, Joseph Curie, Daniel
Stratton, Abraham Wildman, Eichard Bloxom, James Johnson,
Benjamin Stratton, Jonah Wildman, Eeuben Moorman.

EoBixsoN Stabler, of the town of Alexandria, of the District of
Columbia, son of Edward and Mary Stabler (the latter de-
ceased), and Mart A. Davis, daughter of William Davis, Jr.,
of the town of Lynchburg, Va., were married at South Eiver
Meeting-house 10-16-1828.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Wil-
liam Davis, Jr., Annis Davis, Edward Lynch, Susannah Davis,
Jonathan Johnson, Eebecca Preston, Nancy Dudley, Mary A. An-
thony, William Davis, Margaret Anthony, Edward L. Johnson,
Samuel B. Anthony, Achillis D. Tyree, George E. Eoberts, Sarah
L. Davis, ]\Iary M. Johns, Louisa Davis, Catharine L. Hunter,
Sarah Ann Davis, Zalinda L. Winston, Matilda Lynch, Mary Ann
Mays, Elizabeth H. Eoberts, Mary C. Powell, James E. Eoyall, S.

96 ' MARRIAGES.

H. Davis, Charles H. Da\ds, A. F. Bigger, Peter C. Nelson, Eichard

C. Perkins, Micajah T. Johnson, George Whitlocke, Gerard E.
Johnson, Henry I. Brown, Lncy E. Ward, J. T. Patton, E. M.
Johnson, Micajah T. Lynch, Jolui W. Bagwell, Catharine F. Smith-
son, Eohert Johnson, Deborah D. Davis, Moses Preston, Elizabeth

D. Da^ds, Anna Stabler, Joseph Janney, Jr., George D. Davis,
James Beat, Judith Johnson, Elizabeth D. Johnson, John Davis,
Jr., Henry Latham, Mary Lynch, William Cadwalader, E. E.
PheljDS.

William Ferrell, Jr., and Judith Goode, both of Bedford
County, were married 1-27-1780.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: John
Lynch, William Ballard, Ashley Johnson, William Johnson, Chris-
topher Jolinson, Barkley Ballard, Edward Terrell, Benj. Johnson.
William Martin, Glover Baker, Mary Lynch, Molley Johnson, Jacob
Straley, David Johnson, Eichard Timberlake, John Timberlake,
Mary Baker, Lucy Johnson, Molley Johnson, Euth Johnson, Sarah
Macey, Eaehel Ballard, Jane Ferrell, Eebecca Ferrell, Hannah
Ferrell, Sarah Goode, Ann Fowler, Eliza Johnson, Jane Tillus,
Agnes Jolinson.

John Tillas and Sarah Moorlan, of Bedford County, were mar-
ried 5-14-1788.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Joseph
Wright, William Ballard, Amos Harris, Mary Ballard, Elizabetli
Harris, Mary Ballard, Elizabeth Ballard, Esther Eichards, Eleanor
Ballard, Mourning Ballard, Mary Hajmes, Jason Moorlan, Abigal
Moorlan, Mary Moorlan, Nathan Dabny, John Stratton, Philip
Teazle, Byrum Ballard, Ann Moorlan, Stephen Morlan, Eebecca
Morlan, Eliza Tillas, William Morlan, Dosha Morlan, Eliza Morlan.
Mary Morlan, Hannah Morlan.

David Terrell and Molly Anthony, daughter of Christopher

Anthony, were married at South Eiver Meeting-house

9-25-1788.

Christopher Johnson, William Johnson, Ann Fowler, Matilda

Lynch, John Lynch, Wm. Stanton, Joseph Anthony, Wm. Ballard,

MARRIAGES. 97

Jr., Acliillis Douglas, Saml. Terrell, Eobert Hanna, TVm. Davis,
David Johnson, Wm. Davis, Jr., Betty Jolmson, Jane Tillas, Eliza-
beth Johnson, Eebecca Morlan, Elizabeth Tillas, William Betts,
Ashley Johnson, Charles Anthony, Elizabeth Ballard, Betty John-
son, Eachel Ballard, Elizabeth Douglas, Sally Johnson, Euth John-
son, Eachel Paxon, ]\Iary Betts, Sarah Johnson, Susanna Johnson,
Mary Terrell, Lucy Terrell.

Edvtaed TeePcELL, son of David Terrell, of Bedford County, and
Jaj^e Johxsox, daughter of Gerard and Judith Johnson, of
Campbell County, were married at Seneca Meeting-house 10-
19-1794.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Mica j ah
Moorman, Eichard Blocksom, Ashley Johnson, Joseph Curl, Moor-
man Johnson, Thomas Moorman. James Johnson, Eeuben Moor-
man. Gerard Johnson, Sr., David Johnson, Sarah Terrell, Susanna
Moorman, Susanna Da^-is, Mary Butler, Gerard Jolinson, William
Johnson, Eliza Johnson, Xaomi Stratton, Eachel Johnson, Etfey
Moorman, Anna Blocksom, Elizabeth B. Douglas, Xancy Moorman,
Jane Tillas.

Thomas Teery and Sarah Hexdeick, of Bedford County, were
married 1-17-1797.

The following ^^ntnesses signed the marriage certificate : Chris-
topher Johnson, Wm. Johnson, Matilda Eoberts. Elizabeth Johnson.
Other names omitted for want of space.

Samuel Welch, of Campbell County, and Chloe Hexdeick,
daughter of Moses and Euth Hendrick, of Halifax County,
were married 9-21-1783.

Witnesses' names: Amos Hendrick, Judith Hendrick, Mary
Welch, Sarah Terrell, Sarah Ward, Mary Anthony, Mar\' Davis,
Annis Davis. Tirzali Davis. Betsy Anthony, Patty Cavil, Lettus
Gosney, Christopher Anthony, Micajah Davis, David Terrell, Wm.
Davis, Sr., Eichard Davis, William Davis, Patrick Cartey, Isham
Welch, Samuel Terrell, Charles Anthony.

98 MAKEIAGES.

j^ATHANiEL WiNSTON, of the citj of Eichmond, son of George and
Judith Winston^ and Zalinda Lynch, daughter of Edward
and Mary Lynch, of Lynchburg, were married at South Elver
Meeting-house 5-6-1819.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: John
Lynch, Edward Lynch, Eliza H. Clark, Sarah L. Davis, Henry
Clark, Sarah L. Terrell, Pleasant Winston, A. T. Lynch, Micajah
Lynch, John Davis, Charles Johnson, D. D. Davis, Mary Lynch,
Zalinda Davis, Ann Lynch, Mildred Tyree, Matilda Eoberts, Judith
Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mary Davis, Eebecca Preston, Mary A.
Davis, Betsy Moorman, Mary Ann Mays, Wm. Davis, Lucy Moor-
man, Eichard Tyree, Malilon Cadwalader, Jonathan Johnson, Wni.
Davis Jr., Charles Fisher, Achillis Douglas, A. Liggett, James
Benaugh, Wm. Gray, Joseph Boyce, Ammon Hancock, Thomas
Moore, Jr.., Eichard Adams, Matilda Eoberts, Jr., M. Davis, Jr.

Joseph Anthony, of Campbell County, and Ehoda Moorman, of
Caroline County, were married at Golansville 5-15-1791.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Clarke
T. Moorman, Mathew P. Terrell, Thomas Terrell, John Payne,
Catlett Jones, Jonathan Terrell, Ursula Cheadle, Salley Terrell,
Ann Stevens, Pleasants Cobbs, John Peatross, Anthony New, Isaac
Winston. Joanna Terrell, Lucy Winston, Salley Chiles, Judith
Cheadle, Eachel Moorman, Salley Terrell, Eebecca Terrell, Ehoda
Terrell.

Benjamin Bates, son of Benj. and Hanna Bates, of York County,
and Tace Crew (daughter of Micajah and Margaret Crew),
were married at Cedar Creek Meeting-house, in Hanover Coun-
ty, 12-16-1793.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Deborah
Darbey and Eebecca Young, ministers from Old England, and Da-
vid Cimimings, from Pennsylvania. Margaret Crew, Chlotilda Har-
ris, Mary Pleasants, Sarah Pleasants, Mary P. Younghusband,
Unity Stanley, Edward Stabler, Thomas Hatton, Fleming Bates,
Lemuel Crew, Wm. H. Pleasants, Thomas Ladd, Wm. Jackson,
Micajah Crew, Clark T. Moorman, Thomas Stanley, Joshua Stan-
ley, Thomas Harris, Jr.

MARRIAGES. 99

Flemixg Bates, of Prince William Comity, son of Benjamin and
Hannah Bates, of York County, and LTj^^itt Crew, daughter
of Micajah and Margaret Crew, of Hanover County, "^ere mar-
ried at Cedar Creek 11-16-1803.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Micajah
Crew, Benj. Crew, Lemuel Crew, Walter Crew, iSTicholas Crew, Mica-
jah Crew, Jr., Daniel Couch Samuel Johnson. Joshua Crew, David
Evans. Thomas Hatton, Littleberry Crew, Thomas Stanley, Sr.,
Joshua Stanley, Isaac Eatcliff, Thomas Stanley, Thomas Hatton,
Jr., Catlett Jones, Clarke Moorman. Waddy Stanley, Thomas Stan-
ley, Jr., James Cowgill, Thomas Harris, Margaret Crew, Talitha
Crew, Unity Ladd, Deborah Harris, Eliza E. Pleasants, Mary Hat-
ton, Eachel Moorman, Margaret Eatclitf, Susannah Hatton, Sarah
Jones, Sarah Eichardson, Martha Eichardson, Margaret Crew,
Louisa Storrs, Jane Brooks, Charlotte Cowgill, Marianna L.
Pleasants.

Barclay Ballapj), son of William Ballard, of Bedford County, and
Judith Johnson, daughter of Jolin Johnson, of Amelia County,
were married 2-27-1776.

The following witnesses sigTied the marriage certificate : Ashley
Johnson, Jesse Johnson, Gerard Johnson, William Johnson, Ben.
Johnson, Mar\' Johnson, EHzabeth Johnson, Judith Johnson,
Agatha Johnson, Jane Johnson, Susannah Johnson, John Johnson,
Sr., Lydia Johnson.

Ashley Johxsox, of Camjobell County, and Milley Johnson, of
i\.melia County, were married 3-13-1782.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Wil-
liam Johnson, Ashley Johnson, Sr., Jesse Johnson, Gerard Jolinson,
John Johnson, Joseph Johnson, Thomas Johnson, Elizabeth John-
son, Elizabeth Jolinson, Jr., Mar}^ Johnson, Lydia Johnson, Jane
Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Druscilla Johnson, Samuel Johnson.

100 MAERIAGES.

Christopher Johnson, son of Christopher Jolmson, of Campbell

County, and Sarah Hargrave, daughter of Samuel HargTavo

(deceased), of Caroline County, were married at Golans\dlle

Friends' Meeting-house, Caroline County.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Samuel

Hargrave, Thomas Hargrave, Pleasant Terrell, Thomas Terrell,

John Burch, Jolna Eussell, Pleasant Cohbs, Mathew Terrell, Jesse

Terrell, Eebecca Terrell, ]\Iartha HargTave, Elizabeth McGeehee,

Amey Terrell.

Elisha Johnson, son of Eobert Johnson, of the County of Surrey,
in North Carolina, and Jane Johnson, daughter of Ashley
Johnson, of Amelia County, Va., were married 3-16-1783.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Agatha
Johnson, Judith Johnson, Elizabeth Johnson, Jane Johnson, Susan
Johnson. Drusilla Johnson, Anne Johnson, Lydia Johnson, Eliza-
beth Johnson, Elizabeth Filler, Jesse Johnson, Jr., Ben. Johnson.
Thomas Johnson, Samuel Johnson, Wm. Johnson. Wm. Johnson,
Jr., Andrew Johnson, i\-ndrew Moorman, Gerard Johnson, Johns
Johnson. Ynn. Johnson. Gerard Johnson. Sr., Ashley Johnson. Sr.,
Jesse Johnson, Milley Piller. Judith Johnson, Lucy Winston, Chris-
tian Winston, Sarah Johnson.

James Candler, son of John Candler, of Campbell County, and

Agness Johnson, daughter of James Johnson, of Louisa

County, were married 1-16-1786.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: James

Johnson, Catlett Jones, George Bell, Sr., Elijah Johnson, Lewis

Johnson, Peter Crawford, George Bell, Xehemiah Bloomer, Martha

Jolinson, Patty Johnson, Mary Johnson, Massey Johnson. Cisley

Bell, Betsy Johnson, Lncy Johnson, Ashley Johnson.

ISTicHOLAs Johnson, son of Christopher Johnson, of Campbell
Count}'', and Martpia Haegeave, daughter of Samuel Har-
grave (deceased), of Caroline County, were married at Golans-
ville Meeting-house 4-16-1788.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Jesse

Hargrave, Thomas Hargrave, Joseph Hargrave, Pleasant Terrell,

MAKRIAGES. 101

Jonathan Terrell^ Clarke T. Moorman. Pleasant Cobbs^ Mathew
P. Terrell, Henr}- Chiles, Ben. Burch, Eobert Terrell, Joseph Mc-
Geehee, Samuel Winston, Ann McGeehee, Margaret Terrell, Salley
Chiles, Ursula F. Cheadle, Caty Terrell, Ehoda Moorman, Eachel
Moorman, Sarah Pettrns, Eebecca Terrell, Salley ]\Ioorman, Salley
Eogers, Polley Hewlett, Ehoda Terrell, Elizabeth Eedd.

John Johnson, son of Jesse Johnson, of Amelia County, and
N'anct Hunnicutt, of Powhatan County, were married at
Genito Meeting-house, in Goochland County, 12-12-1790.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Joseph
Hunnicutt, Jesse Johnson, Ashley Johnson, Jr., Ben. WatMns, Jos-
eph Watkins, Watkins Jolinson, Thomas Watkins, Thomas Stanley,
Samuel Parsons, John S. Pleasants, Car}' Pleasants, Eeuben Pleas-
ants, Daniel Clark, Eobert H. Eoss, James Pleasants, Jr., John
Hunnicutt, Mary Watkins, Elizabeth Watkins, Salley Watkins,
Polly Pleasants, Elizabeth T. Pleasants, Mar\' Brooks, Mary Wat-
kins. Xancv Jude.

Elijah Johnson, son of Ashley and Martha Johnson, of Louisa

County, and Betsy Watkins, daughter of Benjamin and Pris-

silla Watkins, of Goocliland County, were married at Cedar

Creek Meeting-house, in Hanover County, 4-13-1793.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Polly

Watkins, Sarah Harris, Bets}^ Johnson, Ann Jones, Janey Eedole,

Eachel Moorman, Margaret Crew, Unity Stanley, Mary Pleasants,

Eachel Harris, Sarah Parsons, Sarah Hatton, Sarah Pleasants,

Judith Crew, Mary Hatton, Tace Crew, Edith Harris, Thomas

Stanley, Catlett Jones, William Jackson, Samuel Terrell, Samuel

Parsons, Thomas Harris, Thomas Hatton. John Harris, Joshua

Stanle3^ Benjamin Eussell, Clark T. Moorman, Micajah Crew,

Thomas Harris, Pleasant Cobbs.

John Johnson, son of James Johnson, of Bedford County, and
Dorothy Crew, daughter of James Crew (deceased), of Han-
over County, were married at Cedar Creek Meeting-house 11-
16-1796.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Judith

102 MAERIAGES.

Crew, Elizabeth Johnson, Unity Stanley, Chlotilda Harris, Eachel
Moorman, Judith Hart, Mary Crew, Tace Bates, Margaret
Vaughan, Unity Crew, Susannah Hatton, Susannah Davis, Micajah
Crew, Thomas Harris, Jesse Crew, Littleberry Crew, Obadiah Crew,
Catlett Jones, Joshua Stanley, Thomas Stanley, Waddy Stanley,
Edmund James, Malcolm Hart, Benj. Bates, Jr.

Thomas T. Cobbs, son of Pleasant Cobbs, of Caroline County, and
Elizabeth Johnson, daughter of Benjamin Johnson (deceas-
ed), of Hanover County, were married at Golansville Meeting-
house, in Caroline County, 4-16-1806.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: Pleas-
ant Cobbs, Joseph Terrell, Jonathan Terrell, Lewis Cobbs, Samuel
Terrell, Pleasant Terrell, Matilda Terrell, Eebecca Terrell, Mary
Terrell, Salley Terrell, Rebecca Terrell, Salley Terrell, Rhoda
Cobbs, Ann Cobbs.

Catlett Jones and Ann Baeksdale, of Orange Comity, were mar-
ried at Cedar Creek, in Hanover County, 3-2-1789.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Achil-
lis Douglas, Christopher Johnson, Clark T. Moorman, Robert
Pleasants, James Hunnicutt, Benjamin Johnson, John Harris,
Micajah Crew, Benjamin Crew, Thomas Terrell, Pleasant Terrell,
Nathan Bell, Thomas Harris, Elijah Johnson, Thomas Pleasants,
Samuel Parsons, Thomas Hatton, Robert Watkins, Rachel Moor-
man, Rebecca Terrell, Rachel Harris, Chlotilda Harris, Edith Har-
ris, Sarah Parsons, Judith Crew, Susan Watts, Deborah Pleasants,
Margaret Crew, Sarah Hatton, Rhoda Moorman, Judith Harris,
Salley Terrell, Mary Baughan, Mary Jolinson, Ann Ladd, Sarali
Crew, Mary Pleasants, Priscilla Ladd.

Joseph Joedan, of the County of Southampton, and Rebecca
Hareis, daughter of Thomas and Chlotilda Harris, were mar-
ried 11-17-1819, at Cedar Creek Meeting-house, in Hanover
County.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Thom-
as Harris, Micajah Crew, Benjamin Harris, Ruth Jordan, Thomas
Hunnicutt, Samuel Terrell, Thos. S. Pleasants, P. Winston, Lemuel

MAEHIAGES. , 103

CreW;, Olivia Ladd. Joshua Bates, Micajah Bates, Samuel B. Eice,
Lemuel Vaughan, James Holman, Thomas Terrell, Boiling
Vaughan, Joseph Maule, Jos. D. Bates, Walter Crew, Joseph
Vaughan, Elizabeth Terrell, EKza M. Gordon, Isabella Harris, Mar-
garet Vaughan, Unity S. Harris, Mary Ann Terrell, Margaret M.
Crew, Mary M. Pope, Elizabeth Hunnicutt, Elizabeth Maule, Unity
Bates, xlnna Crew, Catharine M. Dabney, Martha M. Dabney, Anna
L. Vaughan. Jane Dabnev.

Obediah Crew, son of James Crew (deceased), of Goochland

County, and Mary Peatross, daughter of John and Sarah

Peatross. of Caroline County, were married at Golansville

Meeting-house 3-10-1799.

The follo^nng witnesses signed the marriage certificate: John

Peatross, Thomas Terrell, John Jolmson, Jesse Crew, Timothy

Terrell, Thomas Peatross, William Peatross, Malcolm Hart, Eich-

ard Peatross, Anthony New, Pleasant Terrell, Pleasant Cobb,

Mathew Terrell, Dorothy Johnson, Joanna Terrell, Sally Terrell,

Caty Terrell. Ehoda Anthony, Amey Cobbs, Anna Peatross, ^STancy

'New, Elizabeth Peatross, Eebecca Terrell.

Gilbert Coxgdox, son of Jonathan and Elizabeth Congdon, of
Providence, E. I., and Elizabeth A. Creistshaw, daughter of
jSTathaniel C. and Ann C. Crenshaw (the latter deceased), of
Hanover County, were married at Cedar Creek Meeting-house
2-11-1856.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Wm. J.
Carpenter, J. Alonza Smith, J. Walker Carpenter, J. D. G. Brown,
William B. Winn, Edward W. Kimloys, Chas. H. Vaughan, Thos.
L. Jones, Benjamin Vaughan, John Ellett, Eobert W. Biglow, J.
Clifton Carpenter, Jesse Stanley, Thos. F. Waldrop, Jos. P. Ter-
rell, H. L. Tiller, John I. Jones, Abram Stanley, Mary I. Vaughan,
Lavinia A. Brown, Unity W. Fulcher, Indianna H. Crenshaw, En-
dora I. Lowry, Francis I. Stanley, jSTathaniel C. Crenshaw, Eliza
H. Crenshaw, Samuel H. Congdon, Mary J. Crenshaw, John B.
Crenshaw, Eachel H. Crenshaw, F. Edmonia Crenshaw, Xathaniel
B. Crenshaw, Margaret M. Crew, Edmund Taber, Mary H. Pretlow,

104 MAKRIAGES.

Julia C. Pretlow. Joshua Pretlow, Jordan D. Pretlow. Tace C.
Bates, Samuel Janney, Gerard Hopkins, Abram V. Trimble, Eich-
ard A. Eicks, Martha A. Bates, Micajah Bates, Hannah Bates.

Joel Cook, son of Josiah and Lydia Cook, of Isle of Wight County,
and Deboeah Harris, daughter of Thomas and Chlotilda
Harris, of Hanover County, were married at Cedar Creek
1-17-1817.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: P.
Winston, Micajah Bates, Bowling Vaughan, Lemuel Vaughan, Jos-
eph Pretlow, iSTathaniel C. Crenshaw, Lemuel Crew, Philip Brooks,
Thomas Hunnicutt, John Crew, Thomas Harris, Benjamin Harris,
Elijah Cook, Joseph Poster, Wm. H. Pleasants, John Pretlow,
G-eorge I. Knight, Thomas S. Pleasants, Thomas Hargrave, James
Crew, Eebecca Harris, Ehzabeth Cook, Isabella Harris, Eliza M.
Gordan, Margaret Vaughan, Elizaheth Bates, Elizabeth Maule,
Margaret M. Crew, Jane Brooks, Eliza Hunnicutt, Martha Har-
grave, Lucy Bates.

Thomas Stanley, son of John Stanley, and Lenity Crew, daugh-
ter of James Crew, were married at Cedar Creek Meeting-
house, in Hanover Count)'', 12-20-1780.
The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: John
Stanley, James Crew, Micajah Crew, Joshua Stanley, Littlebury
Stanley, Shadrack Stanley, Moses Harris, Jolin Harris, John Shel-
ton, N"icholas Stanley, Hutcliins, John x\nderson, Agnes Stanley,
Ursula Stanley, Mary Payne, Elizabeth Strong, Sarah Strong, Ee-
becca Stanley, Sarah Stanley, Huldah Stanley, Mars'- Strong, Mar-
garet Stanley, Nancy Shelton, DoUey Payne, Elizabeth Harris,
Susannah Stanley.

LiTTLEBERRY STANLEY, son of Thomas Stanley, and i\.GGATHA

Stanley, daughter of John Stanley, were married at Cedar

Creek Meeting-house, in Hanover County, 3-2-1787.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate : Ursley

Stanley, Elizabeth Strong, Eebecca Stanley, Judith Crew, Peggy

MARRIAGES. 105

Stanley^ Lucy Camron, Edith Harris, Eacliel Harris, Nancy Stan-
ley, Mary Alvls, Susannah Stanley, Jane Callihan, Dorothy Aus-
tin, Sarah Harris, Mildred Maddox, Susannah Harris, Elizabeth
Camron, Catharine Camron, Edith Stanley, Eachel Callihan, Fan-
ney Stanley, Fanney James, Huldah Stanley, Martha Stanley,
Waddy Stanley, Joshua Stanley, James Crew, Thomas Stanley,
Micajah Crew, John Harris, John W. Maddox, John Harris, Sam-
uel Harris, James Stanley, John Strong, George Strong, Fort.
Sydnor.

LiTTLEBEERY Crew, SOU of James and Judith Crew, and Huldah
Stanley, daughter of Jolin and Milley Stanley, were married
at Cedar Creek Meeting-house 7-11-1797.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: John
Stanley, Jesse Crew, Obadiah Crew. Jonathan Stanley, Joshua
Stanley, Thomas Stanley, Waddy Stanley, Benj. Bates, Jr., Thomas
Hatton, Catlitt Jones, Lemuel Jones, Fleming Bates, Micajah
Crew, Edwin James, John Thompson, Thomas Mallory, Judith
Crew, Huldah Stanley, Unity Stanley, Edith Stanley, Eebecca
Stanley, Maxy Crew, Agness Stanley, Chlotilda Harris, Eachel
Moorman.

Joshua Stanley, son of John Stanley, and Eachel Harris.
daughter of John Harris (deceased), were married at Cedar
Creek Meeting-house, in Hanover County, 13-12-1798.

The following witnesses signed the maiTiage certificate: Jolin
Stanley, Thomas Stanley, Thomas Harris, Jonathan Stanley,
Joshua Stanley, Thomas Harris, Littleberry Crew, Catlett Jones,
Clark Moorman, Thomas Stanley, Jr., Waddy Stanley, Thomas
Hatton, Jesse Crew, Fleming Bates, Lemuel Crew, Obadiah Crew,
John Johnson, Eachel Harris, Edith Harris, Sarah Harris, Eebecca
Stanley, Unity Stanley, Mary Hatton, Eachel Moorman, Margaret
Vaughan, Judith Crew, Chlotilda Harris, Unity Crew, Susanna
Hatton.

106 MAREIAGES.

Jonathan Stanley, son of John Stanley, and Mart Crew,
daughter of James Crew (deceased), were married at Cedar
Creek Meeting-house 12-19-1798.

The following witnesses signed the marriage certificate: John
Stanley, Littleberry Crew, Jesse Crew, Joshua Stanley, Sr., Joshua
Stanley, Jr., Jolin Johnson, Thomas Stanley, Sr., Obadiah Crew,
Thomas Stanley, Jr., Waddy Stanley, Catlitt Jones, Clark Moor-
man, Micajah Crew, Thomas Harris, Thomas Maddox, Lemuel
Crew, Moses Stanley, Fleming Bates Judith Crew, Dorothy John-
son, Judith Hart, Unity Stanley, Eachel Moorman, Margaret
Vaughan, Sarah Harris, Rachel Stanley, Unity Crew, Jane Hart,
Margaret Crew, Ann Jones.

Thomas T. Cobb, son of Pleasant Cobb, of Caroline County, and
Martha Stanley, daughter of Littleberry Stanley, of Han-
over County, were married at Cedar Creek Meeting-house
12-4-1808.

The following witnesses signed the marriage ceremony: Little-
berry Stanley, Pleasant Cobb, Thomas Maddox, Solomon Stanley,
John Maddox, Thomas Stanley, Joshua Crew, Thomas Stanley,
Walter Crew, Benjamin Bates, Lemuel Crew, James Winston, Ed-
ward N. Clough, Samuel Higgason, Benjamin Vaughan, Jr., Tace
Bates, Susanna Maddox, Elizabeth Harris, Elizabeth Blackburn,
Abigal Cobb, Rebecca Cobb, Nancy Stanley, Margaret Vaughan,
Agness Stanley, Deborah Harris, Rachel Moorman, Susanna Hat-
ton, Amy Stanley, Sarah Blackburn, Milly Stanley, Sally Pleasants,
Margaret Crew, Guli E. M. Stanley, Sarah Ladd, Elizabeth Clough,
Nancy Stanley.

CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL

CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL.

To the Monthly Meeting of Friends at Cedar Creelc, Hanover
County.

Deae Feiends:

Mary Terrell having lately removed from these parts (by mar-
riage) and now resides within your limits : these are therefore to
inform you that she is of an orderly life and conversation, a fre-
quenter of our religious meetings, and a friend in Unity. We,
therefore, recommend her to your Christian regard, and are your
affectionate Friends. Signed by order and on behalf of our Month-
ly Meeting, held at the White Oak Swamp in Henrico County, the
1st day of the 12th month, 1789. James Ladd, Clerk.

UxiTT Ladd, Clerk This Time.

To Friends of Cedar CreeTc Monthly Meeting.

Deae Feiends :

Mary Bailey Terrell, being removed by marriage to reside within
your limits, requests a few lines by way of certificate. These do,
therefore, certify on her behalf that she is a member in unity with
us, and of orderly life, as such we recommend her to your Christian
care and notice. We remain your loving friends and brethren.

Signed in and on behalf of our Monthly Meeting held at White
Oak Swamp, the 7th day of the 2nd month, 1795.

Thomas Ladd^

ISABETH LaDD.

To the Monthly Meeting of Friends held at Southriver^ in Camp-
hell County.

Dear Friends :

Pattey Terrell (wife of David), having removed from us and set-
tled within the hmits of your meeting, we certify that she is a mem-
ber of our religious society and orderly in her life and conversation
whilst among us, and as such we recommend her to your care, and
remain your friends.

110 CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL,

Signed in and on behaK of a Monthly Meeting of Friends, held
at Cedar Creek, in Hanover County, the 13th of the. 6th month,
1795. Mica J AH Crew^

Chlotilda Harris,
Clerks.

To the Monthly Meeting of Friends held in Henrico County at
White Oak Swamp.
Dear Friends :

Our Friend Nancy Crew, having (by marriage) removed within
the limits of your Monthly Meetings, requests our certificate to join
her thereto. These may certify on her behalf that she was a dili-
gent attender of our religious meetings, and as far as appears, of an
orderly life whilst amongst us; and as such we recorumend her to
your Christian care, and are your friends.

Signed in and on behalf of our Monthly Meeting, held at Cedar
Creek, in Hanover County, the 28th of the 2nd month, 1795.

MiCAjAH Crew,
Chlotilda Harris,
Clerks.

Littleberry Crew was granted a certificate of removal from
Wrightsborough Monthly Meeting, held the 5th day of the 3rd
month, 1796, at Wrightsborough in Georgia, to Cedar Creek Month-
ly Meeting, held in Hanover County in Virginia.

Camm Thomas, Clerk.

Margaret Crew was granted a certificate of removal from White
Oak Swamp Monthly Meeting in Henrico County to Cedar Creek
Monthly Meeting in Hanover County.

Signed in and on behalf of our Monthly Meeting held at White
Oak Swamp the 2nd day of the 1st month, 1802.

Eobert Crew,
Jane Ladd,

Clerks.

CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL. Ill

Jesse Crew was granted a certificate of removal from Cedar
Creek Monthly Meeting held the 13th of the 3rd month, 1802, to
the Southland Monthly held in Culpeper County.

Bexjamij^ Bates^ Jr.^ Clerk.

Joshua Crew was granted a certificate of removal from a Month-
ly Meeting held at White Oak Swamp, Henrico County, the 6th of
3rd month, 1802, to Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting, Hanover Coun-
tv. _, Eobert Crew^ Clerk.

To Cedar Creeh Monthly Meeting.

Dear Friends :

Jesse Crew having made application to us for a certificate in or-
der to be joined to your meeting, he sometime ago produced one to
this meeting, was received, and as he has not been much among us
since, therefore we cannot say much more about him, than as a
member of our Society we recommend him to your care and are
your friends.

Signed in and by order of Southland Monthly Meeting, held the
2nd of the 11th month, 1803. Levi Lukens, Clerk at This Time.

To Cedar CreeJc Monthly Meeting in Hanover County.

Dear Friends :

Nicholas Crew, with his wife Druscilla, and their two sons, Mi-
cajah and John, having removed and settled within the limits of
your meeting, hath requested our certificate to join them thereto.
On enquiring we do not find but that their outward affairs are set-
tled, and they being members of our Society, we recommend them to
your care, and are your friends.

Signed in and on behalf of our ]\Ionthly Meeting at South Eiver,
in Campbell County, the 10th day of the 9th month, 1803.

Joseph Fisher, Clerk.
Eebeccah Preston, Clerk This Time.

A certificate of removal to White Oak Swamp Monthly Meeting
was granted to Joshua Crew by Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting the
11th of the 2nd month, 1804. Benjamin Bates, Clerk. "

113 CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL.

To Salem. MonfliJy Meeting in Ohio State.

Dear Friexds :

Obadiah Crew and his wife Mary with their children, John, Sara,
Judith and Eliza Ann, having removed within your limits, we here-
by inform you that they are members of our religious Society, of
conduct in a good degree orderly, and that his affairs are settled to
satisfaction, as far as we iind. As such we recommend them to
your Christian care and oversight and remain your friends.

Signed in and on behalf of a Monthly Meeting held at Cedar
Creek, in Hanover Countv, the 11 of the Ith month, 1807.

To the Monthly Meeting of Friends at Salem in the State of Ohio.
Dear Friends :

Lemuel Terrell, a member of our Meeting, requests our certificate
to join himself, his wife Rebecca and daughter Kitty, to your
Meeting. These are to certify that they have been frequent at-
tenders of our Meetings and have settled their affairs to satisfaction
and as such we recommend them to your Christian care and over-
sight and remain your friends and brethren.

Signed in and on behalf of our meeting, held at Cedar Creek, in
Hanover County, Virginia, this 13th day of the 9th month, 1806.

Benjamin Bates,
Chlotilda Harris,
Clerks.

To tli.e Monthly Meeting at Wayne Oah, in Charles City County.

Dear Friends :

Thomas Scattergood Terrell having removed within the limits
of your meeting these are to certify that he hath a right of mem-
bersliip among U-S and inquir}^ being made we find his affairs settled
as far as we know, we therefore recommend him to your Christian
care and oversight and are your friends.

Signed in and on behalf of Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting, the
12th day of the 9th month, 1812. Benjamin Bates, Clerk.

To Cedar Creel: Monthly Meeting in Hanover County, Virginia.
Dear Friends :
Rebecca Terrell having removed with her husband within the

CEETIFICATES OF REMOVAL. 113

verge of your Meeting, requests our certificate thereto. On enquir-
ing, nothing appears to obstruct our recommending her ^dth their
four minor children, nameh', Kitty Pleasant, iSrancy Thomas, Eob-
ert Samuel and Xicy L}Tich, to your Christian care and notice, and
remain your friends.

Signed in and on behalf of Salem Monthly Meeting, held the
17th of the 11th month, 1812.

John Street^
Esther French^

Clerks.

To the 2IoniMy Meeting of Friends, held at Short Creeh, in the-
State of Ohio.

Dear Friexds :

Sally Terrell, with her children, Mahala, Eachel, Thomas, Clarke,
Joanna and Mathew, having removed within the limits of your
Meeting, requests our certificate. We may inform you that she is
a member of our religious society, in good esteem among us, she
being diligent in the attendance of meetings, exemplary in her de-
portment, and, as far as appears, has settled her afl^airs to satisfac-
tion. Desiring her growth in the truth, and the preservation of
her infant charge, we recommend them to your Christian care and
are your friends.

Signed in and on behalf of Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting the 9th
of the 10th month, 1813.

Lemuel Crew, Clerk.

Deborah Harris^ Clerk This Time.

To Cedar Creeh Monthly Meeting of Hanover County, Virginia.

Dear Friends :

Thomas Terrell having removed and settled within the limits of
your meeting, requests our certificate to join him thereto. This
may certify that on enc[uiry we find nothing to obstruct. We there-
fore recommend him as a member of our Society to your friendly
care and notice and are your friends.

Signed in and by order of Short Creek Monthly Meeting of Ohio,
held the 18th day of the 4th month, 1820. Lewis Walker^ Clerk.

114 CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL.

To Wayanoak Monthly Meeting in Henrico, Charles City County.
Dear Friends :

A certificate for Caty Terrell being requested to join her to your
meeting, these are to certify that she is a member of our religious
Society. As such we recommend her to your Christian care and are
your friends.

Signed by direction of Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting, held the
9th day of the 4th month, 1831.

To Smithfield Monthly Meeting, Ohio.
Dear Friends :

William J. Lewis having removed within the verge of your Meet-
ing with his wife, Ann L. T., and their infant child, Sarah E., and
requested our certificate, we do therefore certify that they are mem-
bers of our religious Society and that their affairs appear to be set-
tled to satisfaction. We recommend them to your Christian care
and oversight and are your friends.

Signed by direction and on behalf of our Monthly Meeting of
Friends, held at Cedar Creek, in Hanover County, Virginia, the
1-lth of the 9th month, 1833.

Nathaniel C. Crenshaw, Clerk This Time.
Ann Crew, Clerk This Time.

To South River Monthly Meeting in Campbell County, Virginia.
Dear Friends :

Lucy T. Johnson having removed within the verge of your Meet-
ing, these are to certify that she is a member of our religious So-
ciety. As such we recommend her to your Christian care and over-
sight and remain your friends.

Signed by direction and on behalf of Cedar Creek Monthly Meet-
ing, held the 14th of the 9th month, 1833.

Nathaniel C. Crenshaw,
Ann Crew,

Clerks at This Time.

CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL. 115

To Pleasant Plains Monthly Meeting of Friends, Jefferson County,
Iowa.

Dear Friends :

Ed\Yin Terrell, a member with us, having removed within your
limits, has requested our certificate to join him to you, and finding
nothing to prevent, we hereby recommend him to your Christian
care and oversight.

Signed by direction and on behalf of Cedar Creek Monthly Meet-
ing, held the 19th of the 7th month, 1847.

Walter Crew, Clerk.

Edwin Terrell asked for a certificate to Spring Creek Monthly
Meeting in the State of Iowa, which was granted by Cedar Creek
Mo. Meeting, held in Eichmond, A^irginia, the 11th day of the 1st
month, 1854.

John B. Crenshaw, Clerk.

jSTathaniel C. Crenshaw, Correspondent.

A certificate of removal to Salem Monthly Meeting in Ohio was
granted to Littleberry Crew and Huldah, his wife, with their minor
children, James, Benjamin, Mildred, Judith and Sarah, by Cedar
Creek Monthly Meeting Hanover County, A^a., held the 14th day of
the 11th month, 1807.

Benjamin Bates, Clerk.

A certificate of removal to Salem Monthly Meeting in Ohio was
granted to Judith Crew by Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting, the 12tli
day of the 12th month, 1807.

Benjamin Bates,
Chlotilda Harris,

Clerks.

A certificate of removal to Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting in Han-
over County, Va., was granted to Peggy Crew (late Ladd) by Way-
noke Monthly Meeting, held the 2nd day of the 1st month, 1808.

Egbert Crew, Clerk.

Mary Ladd, Clerk at This Time.

116 CERTIFICATES OP REMOVAL.

A certificate of removal to Waynoke Monthly Meeting was
granted to Joshua Crew by Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting the 14th
day of the 1st month, 1809.

Benjamin Bates^ Clerk.

A certificate of removal to Waynoke Monthly Meeting was
granted to Jesse and Margaret Crew, with their infant children,
Lancelot, Elizabeth Ladd, Judith, Owen Milton, and Obediah, by
Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting, held the 11th of the 2nd month,
1813.

Lemuel Crew^
Deborah Harris,

Clerks.

A certificate of removal to Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting was
granted to Ann Crew (lately Hargrave) by Waynoke Monthly
Meeting, held the 6th day of the 4th month, 1816.

Eobert Crew, Clerk.

Deborah Harris, Clerk This Time.

A certificate of removal to Baltimore Monthly Meeting was
granted to Micajah Crew (minor son of Lemuel Crew) by Cedar
Creek Monthly Meeting, held the 13th day of the 5th month, 1837.

Joseph J. Pleasaxts, Clerk.

A certificate of removal to Cincinnati, Ohio, was granted to
Thomas F. Crew by Cedar Creek Montlily Meeting, held the 14th
day of the 9th month, 1839.

Joseph J. Pleasants, Clerk.

A certificate of removal to Short Creek Monthly Meeting, Ohio,
was granted to Lemuel Crew, his wife Anna, with their eliildren,
Margaret E., Samuel H., Walter, Tarlton, Deborah D., Henriette,
and Anna, by Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting, held the 11th day of
the 2nd month 1843.

Joseppi J. Pleasants, Clerk.

CEETIFICATES OF EEMOVAL. 117

Extracts from the Certificates Granted by South River
Monthly Meeting to Other Monthly Meetings.

John Stanley, Sarah, his wife, and their children, Snssanna, Ab-
raham, Abigal and Zachariah, removed to Westfield Monthly Meet-
ing, Surry County, 2-18-1793.

AcHiLLis Douglas, Clerk.

Matilda Eoberts^ Clerk.

William Dayis, his wife, Zalinda, and daughter, Sarah, removed
to Goose Creek Monthly Meeting in Bedford County, 4-11-1795.

AcHiLLis Douglas,
Matilda Roberts,

Clerks.

James Johnson, Penelope, his wife, and their children, Elizabeth,
Sarah, Joseph, Jesse, Judith, Mary, Penelope, Anthony, Agnes and
Eachel, removed to Goose Creek in Bedford County, 5-9-1795.

AcHiLLis Douglas,
Matilda Roberts,

Clerks.

John Johnson, son of James, removed to Cedar Creek Monthly
Meeting in Hanover County, 1-18-1794.

SA]ynjEL Davis, Clerk This Time.

Abraham Runker removed to Kew Garden Meeting in ^NTorth
Carolina, 1-18-1794. Samuel Davis, Clerk This Time.

Richard TuUis, Jr., removed to Goose Creek Monthly Meeting in
Bedford County, 3-13-1796. Achillas Douglas, Clerk.

Robert Wright and Rachel, his wife, removed to Fairfax Monthly
Meeting, 4-9-1796.

Joseph Fisher, Clerk at This Time.
Matilda Roberts, Clerk.

118 CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL.

Joseph Anthony and Ehoda, liis wife, and Samuel Parsons, their
son, removed to Henrico Monthly Meeting, 9-10-1796.

AcHiLLis Douglas,
Matilda Eoberts,

Clerks.

Thomas Burgess removed to Deer Creek Monthly Meeting in
Harford Comity, Md., 4-18-1797. Joseph Fisher, Jr., Clerk.

Naomi Davis removed to Wliite Oak Swamp Monthly Meeting,
8-11-1798.

Joseph Fisher, Jr., and Matilda Eoberts, Clerks.

Jesse Williams, Sarah, his wife, and their children, Micajah Ter-
rell, Anna and Achillis, removed to New Garden Monthly Meeting
in North Carolina, 4-13-1799.

Joseph Fisher, Jr., and Matilda Eoberts, Clerks.

Agatha Dicks with her four minor cliildren, namely, Nathan,
Sarah, Micajah, Achillis, removed to New Garden ]\Ionthly Meet-
ing in North Carolina, 2-8-1800.

Joseph Fisher, Jr., and Eebecca Preston, Clerks.

Micajah Davis, his wife Mary, and their children, Susanna, Mar-
tha, Mary, Samuel, David, Eichard, Micajah, Annis and Eobert
Pleasants, removed to Wliite Oak Monthly Meeting in Henrico
County, 13-14-1799.

Joseph Fisher, Jr., and Matilda Egberts, Clerks.

Samuel Carey, Eachel, his wife, and their children (to-wit), Jonar-
than, Sarah, John, Samuel, Eachel, Thomas and Elias, removed to
Westfield Monthly Meeting, North Carolina, 8-11-1800.

Joseph Fisher, Jr., and Matilda Eoberts, Clerks.

Cynthia Bradfield and infant son, John, removed to Westfield
Monthly Meeting, 11-8-1800.

Joseph Fisher, Jr., and Matilda Eoberts, Clerks.

CERTIFICATES OE REMOVAL. 119

James Stanton with Mary^ his wife^, and their children^ Hannah
and John, removed to Centre Monthly Meeting, Xorth Carolina,
5-9-1801.

Joseph Fisher^ Jr., axd Matilda Eoberts, Clerks.

John James, with Martha, Ms wife, and their cliildren, Benjamin
and Elizabeth, removed to Westland Monthly Meeting in Pennsyl-
vania, 7-11-1801.

Joseph Fisher, Jr., axd Rebecca Prestox, Clerks.

Eobert Hanna, with Catharine, his wife, and their children, Eob-
ert, Esther, Catharine and Ann, removed to Westland Monthly
Meeting in Pennsylvania. 9-12-1801. This same Monthly Meeting
granted Certificates of removal to Thomas and Benjamin Hanna on
the same date. Joseph Fisher, Jr., Clerk.

Jonas Harris removed to Westland Monthly Meeting, 9-12-1801.

Asa HoUoway, with Mary, his wife, and their children, Stanton,
Mary, Sarah, Isaac, Hannah, Eli, and James, removed to Westland
Meeting, 9-12-1801.

Benjamin Stratton, with Amy his wife, and their children, Ee-
becca, Xaomi and Levi, removed to Westland Monthly Meeting,
9-10-1801.

James Ferrell (being in Ms minority) removed with Ms father
to Westland Meeting in Pennsylvania, 10-10-1801.

Daniel Stratton, with Shady, Ms wife, and their children, John,
Margaret, Mar}', Daniel, and Elias, removed to Westland Monthly
Meeting in Pennsylvama 10-10-1801.

Joseph Fisher, Jr., and Eebekah, Clerks.

Mary Via removed to Westland Monthly Meeting in Pennsyl-
vania, 9-11-1802.

Joseph Fisher, Jr., and Matilda Egberts, Clerks.

Jacob Stratton, with Eebecah, his wife, removed to Westland
Meeting, 9-11-1802.

120 CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL.

John Tellus^ with. Sarah, his wife, and their cliildren, Rebeccah,
Eichard, Jane and Mary, removed to Westland Meeting, 9-11-1802.

Joseph Stratton, with Naomi, his wife, and their children, Han-
nah and Joe, moved to Westland Meeting, 9-11-1802.

Joseph Fisher and Matilda Roberts, Clerks.

Nicholas Crew, with Drncilla, his wife, and their sons, Micajah
H. and John, moved to Cedar Creek Meeting in Hanover Comity,
9-10-1803.

Joseph Fisher, Clerk, and Eebekah Preston, Clerk at This Time.

James Stanton and Agnes, his wife, moved to Gravelly Run Meet-
ing in Dinvidddie County, 11-12-1803.

Joseph Fisher and Matilda Roberts, Clerks.

Extracts from the Certificates of Removal Granted by South
River Monthly Meeting of Friends in Campbell County,
Virginia, to Various Monthly Meetings in the State of Ohio.

Gideon Bloxom removed to Concord Monthly Meeting, 10-13-
1804.

William Bloxom, his wife Mary, and their children, James,
Nancy, Elizabeth and Mariah, removed to Concord, 8-10-1805.

Mourning Timberlake removed to Concord, 11-9-1805.

Abraham Wildman, with Lettia, his wife, and their children,
Jonah, Elizabeth, Amy, Deborah, Mahlon, Mary, Sarah, Nancy and
Jesse, removed to Concord, 9-14-1805.

Joseph Fisher and Matilda Roberts, Clerks.

CERTIFICATES OE REMOVAL. 121

Certificates to MMdleton Meeting, Ohio.

William Eeader removed 4-10-1805.

Amos Holloway with his wife, Hepsibah, and their children,
Phoebe, Stephen, Ehoda, Job, Aaron, Hulda, Jason, Anna and
Elizabeth, removed 8-10-1805.

John Fisher, with Eachel, his wife, and their children, Eobert
and Joseph, removed 8-10-1805.

Thomas Eeader, with Priscilla, his wife, and their children, Eliz-
abeth and Priscilla, removed 10-9-1805.

ISTancy Terrell removed with her father 4-12-1806.

Joseph Eeader removed 4-14-1804.

Joseph Fisher and Matilda Eoberts, Clerks.

Dudley IV'Iilner, with Mary, his wife, and their children, Anna
and Caty, removed to Plainfield Meeting 8-10-1805.

Daniel Easley, with Edith, his wife, and their children, Sarah,
Mariam, Enth, John, Daniel, Eachel, Isaac and Stephen, moved to
Plainfield Meeting, 4-8-1809.

JosiAH Bailey and Judith Johnson, Clerks at This Time.

To Salem Meeting, in Ohio.

Aaron Stanton removed 11-9-1805.

William Davis, Jr., Clerk at This Time.

Zacheus Stanton, with Salley, his wife, and their infant daugh-
ter, Hannah, removed 4-12-1806.

William Stanton and his daughter, Deborah, removed 4-12-1806.

Joseph Curie removed 2-8-1806.

123 CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL. i

Micajah Macy, with. Sarali, his wife, and their sons, John and
Samuel, removed 5-9-1807.

Timothy Grewell, with Alice, his wife, and their daughters, Sarah
and Mary, removed 5-9-1807.

Josejih Fisher, Jr., with Hannah, his wife, and their children,
Sylvanious, Eachel, William, Isaac, Amasa and Anne Knight, re-
moved 5-9-1807.

William Davis, Jr., and Matilda Egbert, Clerks.

To Miami Meeting.

Pleasants Johnson, with Nancy, his wife, and son, Tliomas, re-
moved 2-8-1806.

Susanna Johnson, wife of John Johnson, removed 2-8-1806.

Ashley Johnson, with Milley, his wife, and their children, Jona-
than, Daniel, William, Nancy, Abner, Agatha, Martha, Ashley and
Thomas, 4-12-1806.

Extracts from the Certificates Granted by the Various Monthly
Meetings to the Follo^wing Friends to Unite Them -with
South River Meeting, Held in Campbell County, Virginia.

Timothy Grenell with Alice, his wife, and daughter, Sarali, re-
moved from Goose Creek Meeting, held in Bedford county, 4-4-
1805.

John Davis and Mart Anthony, Clerks.

William Coffee removed from Plainfield Monthly Meeting, held
11-24-1810.

Isaac Wilson, Clerk.

Deborah Butler removed from Western Branch, in Isle of Wight
county, 7-25-1812.

EOBERT JORDON AND MaRTHA JoNES, Clcrks.

CERTIFICATES OF KEMOVAL. 123

Aim Anthony (wife of Christopher Anthony), with her infant
children, James and Mary Ann, removed from Cedar Creek, in
Hanover county, 2-8-1812.

Benjamiist Bates^ Clerk.

Sarah Ballard removed from Goose Creek Meeting, in Bedford
county, 1-7-1813.

John Davis and Mart Anthony^ Clerks.

Sarah Snead removed from Clear Creek Monthly Meeting in
Highland county, Oliio, 7-29-1811.

James Hadley and Eachel Hunt, Clerks.

Mariah Butler (late Bailey) removed from Upper Monthly Meet-
ing, held alternately at Burleighly in Prince George County, 6-17-
1815.

John W. Watkins and Delitha Hunnicutt, Clerks.

Benjamin Butler (son of Joseph Butler) removed from Western
Branch Meeting in Isle of Wight county, 1-28-1815.

Samuel Copeland, Clerk.

Exum Bailej', his wife, Anna, and their cMldren, Louisa, Eliza,
Wilham, Joshua, Mary and Delitha, removed from Upper Monthly
Meeting held alternately at Gravelly Eun, in Dinwiddle county,
5-24-1817.

MiCAjAH Butler, Clerk for the day.
Christianna Peebles, Clerk.

Sarah Ladd, removed from Cedar Creek 8-14-1817.

Lemuel Crew and Eebecca Harris, Clerks.

Asa Wood removed from Waynoak 10-3-1818.

Egbert Crew, Clerk.

Ann Lynch removed from iSTew Garden, N. C, 8-28-1819.

William Stanley and Ajbigal Lambert, Clerks.

124 CERTIFICATES OP REMOVAL.

Charles Fisher removed from Few Garden^, IST. C, 4-24-1823.

Levi Coffin^ Clerk.

Nathaniel Winston removed from Waynoak, in Henrico county,
8-1-1829.

Amos Ladd, Clerk.

This meeting being informed that Martha Kogers, a minor
daughter of Timothy and Anna Eogers, is placed within the com-
pass of your Meeting. These may certify that she is a member of
our Keligious Society, as such we recommend her to your Christian
care and oversight, and are your friends.

Signed in and on behalf of Yonge St. Monthly Meeting of
Friends, Upper Canada, held 1-12-1832.

Thomas Linville,
Clerk and Correspondent.
Margaret Wright^
Clerk.

Certificates of Removal to Miami Meeting, Ohio.

Christopher Johnson, with Milley, his wife, and their three
children, Micajah, Penelope and Elizabeth, removed 2-8-1806.

Eichard Bloxom, with Ann, his wife, and their children, Ann,
MoUey, Elizabeth and Charles; also their grandchildren. Unity,
Jerusha, Eichard, Obediah and Gideon Johnson, removed 10-11-
1806.

Jeptha Johnson removed to Salem, Ohio, 10-11-1806.

David Terrell, with Mary, his wife, and their children, Pleasant,
Christopher, David, Judith, Sarah, Joseph and Mary, removed 10-
11-1806.

William Johnson and Agatha, his wife, with their children,
Cliristopher, Moorman and Nancy, moved 9-13-1806.

Charles Moorman and Betsy, his wife, and their children, Wil-
liam, Nancy, Fanny, Eobert, Betsy and Agatha, moved 9-13-1806.

CERTIFICATES OE REMOVAL. 125

Charles Johnson and Susanna, his wife, and their children, David,
Anna, Susanna, Polly, Sally and Nancy, moved 9-13-1806.

Benjaroin Butterworth and Eachel, his wife, and their children,
Moorman, Benjamin, Samuel, Rachel Moorman, William and
Henry Thomas, moved 10-10-1806.

Elias Fisher and Hannah, his wife, moved 8-14-1813.

Agatha Dicks, with her son, Achillis, moved 9-10-1814.

Jocabed Lodge and Sarah, his wife, with their children, William
Johnson, Laban, Nelson, Seline and Caleb, moved 9-10-1814.

William Butler and jSTancy, his wife, moved 9-19-1814.

John Davis and Hannah, his wife, with their children, Anna
Maria, Jourdon, Samuel, Anthony, Sarah and Charlotte, moved 11-
12-a814.

John Davis also requested a certificate for Christopher Anthony
Jonson, which was granted at the same time.

Josiah Bailey and Susanna, his wife, and their children, Almeda,
Eobert Barclay, Judith, Daniel, James Edwin, Mary Byrum and
Susanna, moved 12-11-1814.

Joel Lewis and Sarah, his wife, and their son, Daniel, moved
10-20-1815.

Jane Cadwalader and children (names not given) moved 9-14-
1816.

Thomas Cadwalader, Jr., moved 10-12-1816.

Nancy Ballard and her children, Granderson, Butterworth, Saml.
Moorman, William Frederick and Elizabeth Ann, moved 7-12-1817.

Thomas Welch moved 10-9-1819.

Thomas Cadwalader moved 10-14-1820.

Charles Fisher moved 12-10-1825.

126 CEETIPICATES OF REMOVAL.

Removed to Fairfield Meeting, in Ohio.

Judith Borum and her children, Obed, Allen, Catharine and
Sarah, moved 8-12-1809.

John Timberlake and Mary, liis wife, and their children, Agness,
John, Mourning, Salley and Judith, moved 11-11-1809.

Daniel Burgess and Euth, his wife, and their children, Anna,
John and Sarah, moved 8-11-1810.

John W. Johnson and Milley, his wife, and son, Gerard Moor-
man, moved 9-8-1810.

James Johnson and his wife, Eachel, with their children, Bart-
lett, Lydia, Susanna, Nancy, Polly and Milley, moved 9-8-1810.

Latham Stanton and Hulda, his wife, with their children, Hep-
sibah, Elizabeth, Hunnicutt, Gulielma, Daniel, William and Stephen
Butler, moved 9-8-1810.

Eachel Anderson and her son, William, moved 1-12-1811.

Euth Hendrick moved 1-12-1811.

John Burgess removed (with his wife, Drucilla), 10-12-1811.

Deborah Burgess removed 10-12-1811.

Certificates to Fairfield and Other Meetings in Ohio.

Gregory Bloxom removed from Southriver Meeting to Plainfield,
10-12-1811.

William Johnson and his wife, Susannah, removed 8-8-1812.

William Holloway and Salley, his wife, with their children, John,
Isaac, Betsy, Pleasant, Samuel, George, Sally and William, removed
8-8-1812.

William Johnson, Jr., removed to Plainfield 10-10-1812.

CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL. 127

Asa PInmmpT and Grace, his wife, with their children, Eli, Jesse,
Ezra, Tacy and Lott, removed 8-14-1813.

Martha Burgess and her children, Adeliza and Sarah Hargrave,
removed 8-14-1813.

Thomas Burgess and Elizabeth, with their children, Elizabeth,
Joseph, Jenny, Moses, Mary, Tacy and Martha, removed 8-14-1813.

Ebeneazer Speakman and his wife, Elizabeth, with their children,
Thomas, Ebeneazer, Jacob, Ann and Pheby, 2-8-1817.

Letishia Burgess removed 4-8-1820.

Margaret Fose removed 10-11-1821.

Gulielma Perdu removed 12-13-1821.

Certificates to Center Meeting, in Ohio.

Susanna Moorman and her granddaughter (under her care) re-
moved 9-9-1809.

Molley Moorman removed 9-9-1809.

Ehoda Johnson and her children, Joseph, Micajah, John, Charles,
Polly, Lewis and James, removed 11-11-1809.

Samuel Johnson, with Susanna, and their children, Thomas, Sam-
uel, Moorman, James, John, George, Susanna, Lydia and Joseph,
removed 9-8-1810.

Joseph Johnson, Jr., removed 10-12-1811.

Thomas Ballard, with Sarah, his vdfe, removed 9-10-1814.

Lydia Moorman with her children, Charlotte E., Nancy, John,
Thomas and Eeubin, removed 12-13-1817.

Certificates to New Garden Meeting, in Ohio.

Amos Preston, removed 4-14-1810.

128 ' CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL.

Certificates to Gall Creek Meeting, in Ohio.

Joseph Johnson and his children, Polly, Kitty, Winston, Elvira,.
Watkins, Caroline, and his grandson, Alfred Carroll Johnson, re-
moved 10-9-1813.

Certificates to Clear Creek Meeting, in Ohio.

Patty Terrell, removed 10-20-1815.

Ann Lea, removed 11-9-1816.

Elizabeth Lea, removed (with her parents) 11-9-1816.

Euth Kirby, removed 5-1-1819.

Sarah Cox, removed 5-1-1819.

WilHam Coifee moved to Plainfield 11-9-1811.

William Davis, Jr., Clerk.
Lucy Hargrave.

Jesse Cadwallader, with Amy, his wife, and their children, John,
Isaac, Moses, Mahlon, Silas, Betsy and Jonah, removed 5-1-1819.

Certificates to Cincinnati Meeting, in Ohio.

William Stanton, with Catharine, his wife, and their children,
Phebe, Anna, Samuel, Ehoda, David, Joseph and Marj^, 10-11-
1817.

Elizabeth Fisher, with her husband, and their children, Mary
Ann, Lucinda, Elwood, Sarah, Hannah and Matilda, removed 12-
13-1817.

Deborah Butler (with her husband) and her son, Anselm D. John-
son, removed 9-11-1819.

Mary Butler removed 9-10-1825.

Stephen Butler, with Louisa, his wife, and their children, Anselm,
Matilda, Edna, Mary Elizabeth and William Exum ; also his broth-
er-in-law, William H. Bailey, removed .

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CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL,. 129

Certificates of Removal Received by Southriver Meeting.

From Our Monthly Meeting Held in Fredericksburgli Township,

S. C, 2-14-1762.
To Fkiends in Virginia and Elsewhere in America.

Our esteemed friend, William Terrell, having requested this
meeting some time ago of his intention of moving into your parts
with his family in order to settle there, and requested a Certificate
for that purpose, now these are to certify that he is of a sober and
orderly life and conversation, a diligent attender of meetings, both
for Worship and Discipline, and also a diligent laborer in the work
of the ministry, having a sound testimony to bear, and is much
esteemed by his friends and others, and on enquiry we do not find
but he leaves this place clear of debt. His wife Martha is of a sober
and orderly life and conversation, and a diligent attender of meet-
ing. Their children are not yet grown up. So with desires for
their preservation and growth in the truth, and that they may be
serviceable where their lot may be cast, we remain your friends and
brethren. Signed in and on behalf of our said Meeting. Samuel
Wiley, John Millhouse, Henry Millhouse, Eobert Millhouse, John
English, William Elmore, James Millhouse, Wm. Smith, Zeb.
Gauntt, Joshua English, Eobert English, Joseph English, Timothy
Kelly, Samuel Kelly, John Kelley. Mary Tomlinson, Sarah Russell,
Mary Kelley, Eebecca Millhouse, Mary Cook, Mary English, Mary
English, Jr.

A similar Certificate was granted by the same Meeting to Isaac
and Sarah Pidgeon on the same date, 2-14-1762, and signed by the
same members.

To the Monthly Meeting of Friends Held at Southriver, in Bedford
County.

Dear Friends :

Our friend, Micajah Terrell, having removed from our Monthly
meeting within the verge of yours, without our Certificate, these are
to certify you that we have made inquiry into his life and conver-
sation whilst among us and find that he was a member in unity (in
most respects), and we recommend him to your Christian care and

130 CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL.

oversight and remain your friends and brethren. Signed by order
and on behalf of our said Meeting held at Golansville in Caroline
County 7-9-1762.

Samuel Haegeave, Clerk.

A similar Certificate was granted his wife Sarah at the Monthly
Meeting held at Cedar Creek in Hanover County 8-14-1762.

Samuel Haegrave, Clerk.

To Friends at Their Next Monthly Meeting to Be Held at South-
river.

Dear Friends :

A^liereas, our friend Byrum Ballard hath applied to us for a Cer-
tificate to you, these are therefore to inform you that after the
necessary inquiry being made we find him clear from any engage-
ments of marriage and in unity with us and as such we recommend
him to your notice, desiring his growth in the truth. We remain
your friends and brethren. Signed on behalf of the Monthly Meet-
ing held at Cedar Creek 4-8-1763.

Samuel Hargeave, Clerk.

From the Monthly Meeting Held at Cedar Ci'eeh in Hanover Coun-
ty, 12-18-1763.
Deae Friends :

Mary Johnson and Betty Moorman having removed from under
the care of our Meeting and settled within the verge of your Meet-
ing, they have requested of us a few lines by way of recommendation
unto you, and we hereby certify that their lives, conduct and conver-
sation hath been such that we have good unity with them, and rec-
ommend them to your care and subscribe ourselves your friends and
brethren. William Stanley, Clerk.

From Our Monthly Meeting Held at Cedar Creek, 2-11-1764, to the

Monthly Meeting at Sovthrivcr.
Dear Friends :

Benjamin Johnson having removed Avithin the limits of your
Meeting and having requested of us a few lines by way of recom-
mendation unto you, after the usual care taken, we do not find but

CERTIFICATES OE REMOVAL. 131

what he has settled his outward affairs to satisfaction^ and we fur-
ther certify on his behalf that his manner of life and conversation
hath always been such as rendered him held in unity with us and we
recommend him to you.

Strangeman- Hutchins, Clerk.

From Our Monthly Meeting Held at Cedar Creeh, 2-11-1764, to the

Monthly Meeting at Soufhriver.
Dear Friexds :

TTliereas, Zachariah Moorman hath removed from under the care
of our Meeting and settled within the verge of your Meeting, he
hath requested of us a few lines by way of Certificate unto you. Af-
ter due care taken we do not find but what he has settled his out-
ward affairs to satisfaction. We further certify on his behalf that
his manner of life and conversation hath been such as rendered him
a member in unity among us and as such we recommend him to
you. StrangemajST Hutchins^ Clerk.

Froin Our Monthly Meeting Held at Golansville, Caroline County,
3-9-1767, to the Monthly Meeting at Southriver, in Bedford
County.
Dear Friends :

The bearers hereof, Thomas and Eachel Moorman, having re-
moved from under our care and within the verge of your Meeting,
requested us for a few lines as a recommendation to you. After due
care taken we do not find but that he has settled his worldly affairs
to satisfaction and has always been esteemed orderly persons and
held in good unity among us and as such we recommend them to
you. Signed in and on behalf of said Meeting by

Samuel Hargrave, Clerk.

From Our Monthly Meeting Held at New Garden, N. C, 2-25-1775,
to the Monthly Meeting Held at Southriver, in Bedford Coun-
ty, Virginia.
Dear Friends :

The occasion of our writing to you is on account of James John-
son who requested our Certificate to join in membership with you

132 CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL.

and having left his outward affairs to satisfaction and condemned
his going out in marriage, we therefore recommend him to Divine
protection and your Christian care, desiring his growth in the best
things. Signed by order and in behalf of said Meeting.

John Talbot^ Clerk.

To the Monthly Meeting of Friends Held at Southriver, in Bedford
County.

Dear Fkiezstds :

Edward Terrell and Mary, his wife, having removed from us
within the verge of your Meeting, we therefore think it necessary
to acquaint you that they have had their education amongst us.
Their lives whilst amongst us were in a good degree orderly, and,
after the necessary enquiry, we understand that their affairs are
settled to satisfaction. We therefore recommend them to your
Christian care and oversight. Signed in our Monthly Meeting held
in Caroline, 5-13-1775.

Samuel Hargkave,
Mary Payne,

Clerks.

From Our Circular Monthly Meeting of Women Friends Held at
Blackwater and Burley in Surry and Prince George Counties,
8-23-1776, to the Monthly Meeting of Women Friends Held at
Southriver, in Bedford County.

Dear Friends :

Mary Anthony, being lately removed within the limits of your
Meeting, requested our Certificate. These may certify on her be-
half that she is a member in full unity and as such we recommend
her to your care, ardently desiring her preservation in the blessed
truth. Signed in and on behalf of our said meeting by

Edward Stabler,
Mary Stabler,
Clerks for the Day.

CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL. 133

A Certificate of removal from Cedar Creek, Hanover County, to
Southriver, in Bedford County, was granted Judith Ballard by
Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting, 6-14-1777.

Samuel Hargrave,
Mary Payne,

Clerks.

To the Monthly Meeting Held at Southriver, Bedford County.

Dear Friends :

David Johnson removed within the verge of your Meeting and
requested a few lines from us. This may certify on his behalf that
he has been orderly and his affairs are settled to satisfaction. We
therefore recommend him to your Christian care. Signed on be-
half and by order of the Monthly Meeting held at Cedar Creek, 2-
25-1780. John Payne, Clerk.

To Soutkriver Monthly Meeting.

Dear Priends :

Application being made to us for a few lines by way of Certificate
for Stephen j\Ioreland and Mary, his wife, with their three children,
namely, Edwin, Abigal and Jonah, we may inform you that they
left our parts without acquainting the Monthly Meeting of their
intention of removing, which was contrary to the advice of our
Yearly Meeting, but with respect to their conduct it appears, after
the needful enquir}', that their lives and conversation have been in
some good degree orderly. They attended our religious meetings at
times and have settled their outward affairs to satisfaction as far as
we know. We therefore recommend them and their children as
members of our Society to your Christian care and oversight, desir-
ing their preservation and growth in the truth, and remain your
loving friends. Signed on behalf of our Monthly Meeting at Fair-
fax, held 11-25-1780.

Thomas Matthews,
Lydia Hough,

Clerks.

134 CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL.

From the Monthly Meeting Held at Cedar Creeh the 14:th of the
Uh Month 1781, To Friends of the Monthly Meeting at South-
river.

Dear Friends :

James Johnson and family removed ^^ithin the verge of your
Meeting and requested a few lines from us. This may certify on
their behalf that they have lived orderly and his affairs settled to
satisfaction. We therefore recommend them to your Christian care.
Signed on behalf of the Meeting.

John Payne^ Clerk.

To the Monthly Meeting Held at Southriver.

Dear Friends :

Our writing to you at this time is on account of David Terrell,
who now resides within the verge of your Meeting, and requests our
Certificate for himself and children. These may certify that after
the needful enquiry we have cause to believe his affairs are settled
to satisfaction. His life and conversation being in a good degree or-
derly whilst among us, we therefore recommend him, together with
his children (namely, Sarah, Winnifred, David, Henry, Samuel,
Susanna, and Ann), to your Christian care, and with desires for
their growth in the truth, we remain your friends and brethren.
Signed on behalf of our Monthly Meeting held at Cedar Creek 8-
24-1781.

John Payne, Clerk.

From the Monthly Meeting Held at Cedar Creel', Hanover County,
3-9-1782, to the Monthly Meeting at Southriver.

Mary Johnson having moved within the verge of your Meeting
and requested a few lines from us, this may certify on her behalf
that she has lived orderly and has settled her affairs to satisfaction.
We therefore recommend her to your Christian care. Signed on
behalf of Meeting.

John Payne and Mary Payne^ Clerks.

CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL. 135

Micajah Davis and family were granted a Certificate of removal
to the Monthly Meeting at Southriver by Cedar Creek Monthly
Meeting, 4-13-1782.

John Payne and Eachel Hareis, Clerks.

To the Monthly Meeting of Friends at Southriver^ in Caniphell

County.
Dear Friends :

Micajah Terrell and Deborah, liis wife, having removed within
the verge of your Meeting and requested our Certificate, we there-
fore certify in their behalf that they are in unity with us and that
the said Micajah's affairs are settled to satisfaction as far as appears
to us. We also recommend to your care and notice his children,
viz., Agatha, Sarah, Ann, Mary and Micajah, as members of our
Society, and remain your friends and brethren. Signed in and on
behalf of our Monthly Meeting held at Cedar Creek 7-14-1783.

John Payne, Clerk.

Eachel Harris, Clerk at This Time.

These Certificates of removal were granted by Fairfax Monthly
Meeting to unite the following Friends with Southriver Monthly
Meeting: Eichard Lewis and Hannah, his wife, 13-25-1790; Wm.
Stabler and Sarah Mathews. Samuel Fisher, son of Joseph, Sr.,
being a minor and apprenticed to his brother, Elias Fisher, we com-
mend him to your care and oversight. Signed on behalf of the
Monthly Meeting held 5-1-1793. Thomas Mathews, Clerk.

Mary Harris, 6-22-1793.

Thomas and Sarah Matthews, Clerks.

Joseph Fisher and Ann, his wife, and their children, John, Han-
nah and Ann, 4-36-1794.

Thomas Mathews and Hannah Beal, Clerks.

Sarah Fisher, daughter of Joseph Fisher, 4-36-1794.

Thomas Mathews and Hannah Beal, Clerks.

136 CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL.

Hannah Bradfield, 11-28-1795.

Asa Mooke and Hannah Beal^ Clerks.

Sarah MiUburn, 2-25-1797.

Asa Moore and Hannah Beal, Clerks.

The Following' Certificates were Granted by Various Monthly-
Meetings Uniting the Following Friends with Southriver
Monthly Meeting.

John Preston and Bebecca, his wife, and their minor children,
Zenas, John, Amos, Moses, Sarah, Peter, Ann and William, removed
from Goose Creek Monthly Meeting, in Loudoun County, 7-30-1792.
James Moor and Sarah Smith Clerks.

James Curie. Ruth, his wife, and their son, Joseph, removed from
Goose Creek Meeting, 5-30-1791.

James Daniel, Hannah, his wife, and their four minor children,
Eebeckah, William, Jasper, and Hannah, 12-26-1791, removed from
Goose Creek Meeting.

Thomas, John and Daniel Burgess removed from Deer Creek
Meeting in Maryland, 9-27-1792. John Cox, Clerk.

Isaac Hatcher, Eachel. his wife, and their children, jSTancy, James
and William, removed from Goose Creek Meeting. 10-29-1792.
James Moore and Sarah Smith, Clerks.

Ashley Johnson, Sr., Mary, his wife, and their minor children,
Ashley, Thomas, Walkins, Drusilla, Anna, and Edith, removed
from Cedar Creek Meeting, in Hanover County, 1-12-1793.

MicAJAH Crew and Chlotilda Harris, Clerks.

CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL. 137

Abram Bunker removed from New Garden Monthly Meeting,
Guilford County, :N^. C, 1-26-1793. Enoch Mact, Clerk.

Mary Terrell was granted a Certificate on the same date.

Enoch Macy and Deborah Evins^ Clerks.

James Butler, Priscilla, his wife, and their children, Mary, Ta-
bitha, Ann, Jonathan, Sarah, Edward and Mathew Eobert, removed
from Blackwater Monthly Meeting in Prince George County, 3-
16-1793. Wtee and Ann Hcnnicutt, Clerks.

Agatha Dix and her children, ]Srathan, Micajah and Sarah, re-
moved from Springfield, F. C, 3-2-1793.

Mathew and Hannah Coffin, Clerks.

Fairfax Monthly Meeting, held 3-20-1791, granted Certificates
of Eemoval to Southriver Monthly Meeting to Joseph Curie and
Eebekah, his wife, and their seven cliildren, viz., Hannah, Emma,
Charles, Eebekah, Elizabeth. Susanna, and Samuel; also to Jacobad
Lodge. Signed in and by order of Fairfax Monthly Meeting.
"William Stabler and Sarah Mathews, Clerks.

Goose Creek Monthly Meeting, held 5-30-1791. granted Certifi-
cates to Samuel Cary and Eachel, his wife, and their children,
namely, Cynthia, Sarah. Jonathan, John, Samuel, Eachel and
Thomas.

James Moore and Sarah Smith, Clerks.

Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting, held 8-27-1791, granted a Cer-
tificate to Ehoda Anthony, to unite her to Southriver Meeting.

Micajah Crew and Chlotilda Harris, Clerks.

Crooked Eun Monthly Meeting, held 9-2-1791, granted a Cer-
tificate to Asa Holloway, Jr., to unite him with Southriver Meeting.

Jonah Lupton, Clerk.

138 CEETIFICATES OF REMOVAL.

Fairfax Monthly Meeting, held 9-24-1791, granted Certificates
of Eemoval to Eobert and Betty Fisher and to Joseph Fisher, Jr.
Thomas and Sabah Matthews, Clerks.

Crooked Eun Monthly Meeting, held 9-24-1791, granted a Cer-
tificate to Mary Holloway.

Jonah Lupton and Eunice Alt, Clerks,

Crooked Eun Monthly Meeting, held 5-2-1789, granted Certifi-
cates to Men Bond and Sarah, his wife.

Goldsmith Chandler and Sarah Brown, Clerks.

Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting, held 5-9-1789, granted Certifi-
cates to Mary Bunch and her Children, James and Ann Bunch.

MicAJAH Crew and Eachel Moorman, Clerks.

Crooked Eun Monthly Meeting, held 7-4-1789. Certificates were
granted to Edward and Mar\' Bond and their children, viz., Benja-
min, Martha, Euth and Hannah.

Goldsmith Chandler and Sarah Brown, Clerks.

Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting, held 5-8-1790. Certificates were
granted to Gerard Johnson and Judith, his wife, and their children,
Benjamin, Samuel, Jerard, Watkins, David, Elizabeth, Jane and
Judith.

MicAjAH Crew and Eachel Moorman, Clerks.

Fairfax Monthly Meeting, held 5-22-1790. A Certificate was
granted to Elizabeth Oliphant to unite her vsdth Southriver Meeting.
James Moore and Sarah Mathews, Clerks.

CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL. 139

Extracts from the Certificates Granted by Various Monthly-
Meetings to the FollO'wing Friends to Unite Them -with
Southriver Meeting-, Held in Campbell County, Virginia.

Asa Plummer removed from York Montlily Meeting 4-13-1793.

Eli Kiek^ Clerk.

Patty Terrell from Cedar Creek Meeting, in Hanover County,
6-13-1795. Patty Jones from Cedar Creek Meeting, in Hanover
County, 8-22-1795.

MiCA.jAH Crew axd Chlotilda Harris, Clerks.

James Butler removed from Black^vater Meeting, in Surry
County, 12-20-1794.

Wtke Hunnicutt, Clerk.

Stephen Butler and Mary, his wife, and their children, Huldah,
William, James Stanton, Stephen and Jonathan, removed from
Blackwater, in Surry County, 2-20-1796.

Thomas Pretlow, Clerk for the Day.

Patiexce Bailt, Clerk.

Hanner Fisher removed from Goose Creek Monthly Meeting, in
Bedford County, 2-3-1797.

Mextor Pim Purdue axd Mart Axthoxy, Clerks.

"William Davis and Mar}', his wife, and their minor children, Su-
sannah, Elizabeth, Benjamin, Isaac, Polly, iSTancy and Louisa, re-
moved from Goose Creek, in Bedford County, 4-1-1797.

Mextor Pim Purdue axd Mart Axthoxt^ Clerks.

William Hunnicutt removed from Blackwater, in Surry Countv,
4-15-1797.

Wtee Hunnicutt, Clerk.

140 CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL.

Thomas Maddox removed from Goose Creek, in Bedford County,
6-3-1797. Mentor Pim Purdue, Clerk.

Charles Pidgeon removed from Goose Creek, in Bedford County,
11-4-1797.

William Davis, Clerk.

John Burgess and Drusilla, his wife, removed from Deer Creek,
Maryland, 2-25-1798. John Cox and Sarah Ely, Clerks.

Henry Davis removed from Goose Creek, in Bedford County,
4-7-1798.

William Davis, Clerk.

William Davis removed from Goose Creek, in Bedford County,
6-1-1799.

John Davis and Mart Anthony, Clerks.

Sarah Davis removed from Goose Creek, in Bedford County,
10-4-1800.

John Davis and Mart Anthony, Clerks.

James Stanton removed from Blackwater, in Surry County,
9-18-1800.

Wyke Hunnicutt, Clerk.

Thomas Bailey removed from Goose Creek, in Bedford County,
6-6-1801. John Davis, Clerk.

Edward Terrell removed, with Jane, liis mfe, and their children,
Elizabeth, Mary, Johnson, Judith, Christopher and Gerard, from
Goose Creek, in Bedford County.

John Davis and Mary Anthony, Clerks.

CERTIFICATES OF REMOVAL. 141

Josiah Bailey removed from Upper Meeting, held at Gravell}^
Eun, in Dinwiddle County, 5-22-1803.

James Hunnicutt^ Clerk.

Hugh Morgan removed from Deer Creek, in Harford County^
Maryland, 10-28-1802. Isaac Cole, Clerk.

Micajah Terrell removed from Western Branch, Isle of Wight
County, 11-26-1803. Robert Jordan, Clerk.

William Stanton, his wife, Catharine, and children, Elizabeth,
Phebe, Anna, Mahlon, Samuel and Ehoda, removed from Cane
Creek, N. C, 2-4-1804.

Solomon Dixon and Denah Hobson, Clerks.

DISOWNMENTS

DISOWNMENTS.

James Crew was disowned by Cedar CreeK Monthly Meeting of
Friends, held Seventh month 8th, 1786, for selling one of his fel-
low men into bondage, and refusing to redeem him therefrom, and
so far having given way unto a spirit of libertinism as to be con-
cerned in gaming.

MiCAjAH Crew, Clerk.

Sarah Crew, daughter of James Crew, was disowned the 9th day
of the 5th month, 1789, for marrying one who was not a Friend,
which was contrary to the Discipline.

MiCAjAH Crew,
Eachel Moorman,
. Clerks.

Judith Crew, daughter of James Crew, was disowned the 9th of
the 4th month, 1791, for marrying contrary to the Discipline.

MicAjAH Crew,
Eachel Moorman,
Clerks.

Nicholas Crew was disowned for drunkenness and adultery while
living in Hanover county; he removed to Campbell county, and
some years later wrote a letter to Cedar Creek monthly meeting con-
demning his conduct and asking Friends to forgive him and to re-
ceive him into membership again. The following members of
South Eiver meeting wrote a letter to friends of Cedar Creek, testi-
fying as to his good character since living among them, Wm. Davis,
David Terrell, Mica j ah Davis and Eichard Bloxom, and he was re-
ceived again into membership Tenth month 8th, 1791.

MicAjAH Crew, Clerk.

William Crew, of Albemarle county, was disowned for using "ill
words, fighting, etc.," the 10th day of oth month, 1794.

M. Crew, Clerk

146 DISOWNMENTS.

Whereas, Micajah Crew^ Jr., son of Nicholas Crew, of Hanover
county, has so far deviated from onr known rules as to use spirituous
liquors to excess, also has engaged in military services, for which
conduct he has been dealt without the desired effect, and has sub-
sequently entered into marriage contrary to the rules of our Discip-
line, we do, therefore, disown him from being any longer a member,
until he shall make satisfaction for his conduct.

Signed in and on behalf of a monthly meeting of Friends held at
Cedar Creek, in Hanover county, the 14th day of the 3rd month,
1807. Benjamin Bates^ Clerk.

Nicholas Crew was again disowned for using spirituous liquor;^,
and for neglecting to attend meetings for worship. Signed in and
on behalf of Cedar Creek monthly meeting in Hanover county the
10th of the 4th month, 1813. Lemuel Ckew^ Clerk.

Whereas, Deborah Crew, daughter of Micajah and Margaret Crew,
having so far deviated from the known rules of Friends as to join in
marriage with a man not of our religious society, we, therefore,
disown her from being any longer a member of the same until she
make satisfaction. Signed in and on behalf of a monthly meeting
held at Cedar Creek the 14th of the 8th month, 1819.

Lemuel Crew,
Eebecca Harris,

Clerks.

Walter Crew, son of Micajah and ]\Iargaret Crew, married con-
trary to the Discipline and was disowned by a monthly meeting held
at Cedar Creek 4th month 8th, 1820. Lemuel Crew, Clerk.

John Crew was disowned for using intoxicating liquors to excess
at a monthly meeting held at Cedar Creek 4th month 11th, 1829.

At a monthly meeting held near Southriver the 21st of the 7th
month, 1764 (Bedford county, Ya.).

Wliereas, John Hampton, a reputed member of our Society, the
people called Quakers, has betaken himself to the vain fashions and
ways of the world and entirely withdrawn himself from attending
our meetings, rendering himself no ways agreeable to the rules of

DISOWNMENTS. 147

•our Discipline, we do, therefore, testify against him and all his dis-
orderly conduct and that we have no unity with such disorderly
spirits, disowning him from being a member of our Society until it
may please God to give him a place of repentance, which is our sin-
cere desire. Signed in and on behalf of our meeting.

William Candler, Clerk.

Eobert Brooks disowned, 1-26-1766, for following the "corrupt
ways of the world.-'' W. C, Clerk.

John Candler disowned, 3-20-1767, for using "spirituous
liquors."

Peter Holland disowned, 9-19-1767, for absenting himself from
meetings for worship and Discipline and attending the Baptist
church.

Charles Lynch disowned, 12-20-1767, for taking "solemn oaths."

John Caldwell disowned, 6-18-1768, for taking a wife contrary
to the rule of the Discipline."

John Kerby and Joannah, his wife, disowned by request, 6-18-
1768, for leaving their own meeting and worshiping with the Bap-
tists. William Ferrell, Clerk.

Micajah Clarke disowned, 10-21-1770, for "frequenting places of
sport and gaming."

Mary Johnson disowned, 7-20-1771, for "marrying out from
among Friends and by an hireling Priest."

Thomas Johnson disowned, 10-21-1771, for "following the vain
fashions of the world," Zachariah Moorman, Clerk.

Anne Moorman disowned, 4-18-1772, for "marrying out from
among us and by a hireling Priest."

Zachariah Moorman disowned, 3-19-17Y4, for "being married
by a hireling Priest."

Benjamin Terrell disowned, 5-8-1774, for "following the vain
fashions and customs of the world."

148 DISOWNMENTS.

Andrew and William Johnson disowned, 2-18-1775, for "joining
with the vain customs of the world, such as horse racing and fre-
quenting places of diversion." Byrum Ballard^ Clerk.

Elizabeth Pagon (formerly Ferrell) disowned, 5-18-1776, for
being married by a hireling Priest." Sarah Goode^ Clerk.

Elizabeth Johnson disowned, 5-16-1778, for marrying a near rel-
ative and being married by a hireling Priest.

John Lynch and Sarah Goode^ Clerks.

Mary Baker (formerly Ferrell) disowned, 7-17-1779, for being
married by a hireling Priest.

Milley Johnson (formerly Moorman) disowned, 920-1779, for
the same cause.

Benjamin Johnson, Sr., disowned, 8-19-1780, for purchasing and
receiving manumitted negroes, John Lynch^ Clerk.

South River Meeting, Held in Campbell County.

Priscilla Goff (formerly Stanley) disowned, 2-15-1783, for mar-
rying contrary to the rules of the Society.

Eachel Miller (formerly Johnson) disowned, 5-10-1785, for the
same cause.

Eebeccah Ferrell disowned, 9-18-1781:, for following the fashions
and customs of the world.

John Lynch and Mary Anthony, Clerks.

Moses Kendrick disowned, 8-18-1787, for purchasing a slave and
also for retaining in bondage those that he had once liberated under
his hand and seal.

Barzilla Barnard disowned, 12-20-1788, for fighting, swearing
and drinking.

DISOWNMENTS. 149

Charles -Jolmson, son of Benjamin Johnson, deceased, disowned,
7-17-1789, for fighting and using spirituous Hquors.

Thomas Johnson (son of Christopher) disowned, 8-30-1791, for
fighting, and spreading a report to the injury of his neighbor, also
for marrying contrary to the rules of Friends.

Obediah Kerby disowned, 8-18-1792, for purchasing a slave and
holding him in bondage.

Eichard Tullis disowned, 13-15-1792, for retaining a negro in
bondage.

Thomas Moorman, son of Zachariah, disowned, 13-15-1792, for
holding a slave.

Thomas Watkins Johnson disowned, 3-21-1791, for being so far
itransported with passion as to utter some profane expressions.

Amos Ballard disowned, 5-10-1794, for fighting and laying a
wager, etc.

Samuel Martin disowned, 12-30-1794, for the practice of gaming
and for military exercises.

Samuel Jordan Harrison disowned, 8-16-1794, for Joining the
Free Masons and conforming to sundry practices used amongst
them that are burthensome to Friends, such as marching in proces-
sion with music and weapons of war, and also in the uniform of an
apron, etc.

Samuel Terrell disowned, 3-31-1795, for having allowed himself
to be so transported with passion as to utter some very unbecoming
.speeches, and threatening expressions to the dishonor of our pro-
fession.

Samuel Moorman disowned, 3-31-1795, for holding a slave.

John Schoolfield and James Martin disowned, 8-8-1795, for en-
listing in military service.

Thomas Johnson disowned, 10-6-1796, for drinking spirituous
liquors. Achillis Douglass^ Clerk.

Gideon Lay, Jr., disowned, 4-8-1797, for enlisting himself as a
■.soldier.

John Preston, Jr., disowned, 8-11-1798, for laying wagers and
aising profane language.

150 DISOWNMENTS.

William Fowler disoTVTied, 8-11-1798, for using profane language..

William Harrison disowned, 12-8-1798, for following the vain
fashions of the world, making "bets" and using profane language.

Benjamin Bradford disowned, 9-14-1799, for attending and an-
swering to his name at a military muster.

Moorman Jolinson disowned, 10-13-1799, for being guilty of gam-
ing, using profane language and attending places of diversion.

John Fisher, Je.

John Bradfield disowned, 11-9-1799, for attending a meeting for
military exercises and using profane language.

Betty Johnson (daughter of Charles Johnson) disowned, 12-14-
1799, for dancing and attending places of diversion.

Benjamin Barnett disowned, 4-12-1800, being concerned in mill--
tar}^ services.

John Johnson, Jr., disowned, 1-9-1892, for using spirituous-
liquors to excess.

Samuel Johnson, son of Christopher, Jr., disowned, 4-10-1802,
for using profane language and attending places of diversion.

Thomas Johnson, son of John, disowned, 12-11-1803, for taking-
strong drink to excess, offering to fight and hiring a slave.

Mica j ah Moorman, Jr., and Susanna Johnson were disowned, 3-
12-1803, for marrying (they being first cousins), and for being
married contrary to the rule of Friends.

John Fowler disowned, 7-9-1805, for ceasing to attend our re-
ligious meetings and for following the vain customs of the world,,
also using profane language.

Christopher Lynch disowned, 10-12-1805, for following the vain
customs of the world and for hiring slaves.

William Johnson, Jr., disowned, 4-12-1806, for moving out of the
State without endeavoring to settle with his creditors.

William Eoberts disowned, 6-8-1816, for using intoxicating
liquors to excess and for fighting.

Asa Wood disowned, 6-30-1821, for playing cards, taking oaths,.
attending places of diversion and joining the Masonic Society.

DISOWNMENTS. 151

Samuel Fisher disowned, 8-12-1820, for disposing of a colored
boy named James, who was entitled to his freedom, and he has since
fallen into the hands of those who hold him as a slave, and said
Samuel would not endeavor to restore James to his freedom, al-
though Friends urged him to do so.

Gervas Johnson disowned, 5-8-182-1, for accomplishing his mar-
riage contrary to the rules of Friends.

Whereas, Ehoda Terrell, daughter of Thomas Terrell, of CaroUne
County, who had an education amongst us, hath, contrary to the
good order used amongst Friends, joined in marriage to a man not
of our Society ; and having been repeatedly cautioned against it, we
therefore disown the said Ehoda from being a member of our re-
ligious Society until she makes satisfaction. Signed in and on
behalf of a Monthly Meeting of men and women Friends held at
Cedar Creek in Hanover County the 8th of the 3rd month 1704.

MiCAjAH Crew^
Eachel MooRMAisr,
• Clerks.

Whereas, Jonathan Terrell, who had a right of membership in
our religious Society, hath so far deviated from the principles we
profess as to enter into marriage contrary to the rules of our Dis-
cipline, and endeavors to justify his conduct in so doing, we do
therefore disown him from being a member of our Society until he
make satisfaction. Signed in and on behalf of a Monthly Meeting
held at Cedar Creek in Hanover County the 13th of the 6th month
1807.

Benjamin Bates, Clerk.

Whereas, Pleasant Terrell, son of Pleasant Terrell, deceased, late
of Caroline County, who had a birthright amongst us, hath so far
deviated from the known rules of our Discipline as to join himself
in marriage with one not of our profession, we therefore disown him
from being a member of our religious Society until he make satis-
faction. Signed in and on behalf of a Monthly Meeting of Friends
held at Cedar Creek in Hanover County the 8th day of the 7th
month 1807. Benjamin Bates, Clerk.

152 DISOWNMENTS.

W^iereas, Eobert Terrell, of Caroline County, who had a birth-
right T\dth us, hath so far neglected his duty as a member of So-
ciety as to decline the attendance of our religious meetings and the
observance of the rules of the Discipline of Friends generally, he
having been dealt with without the desired effect, we do therefore
disown him to be a member with us, until he condemns his conduct
in these respects. Signed in and on behalf of a Monthly Meeting
held at Cedar Creek in Hanover County the 12th of the 12th month
1807.

Benjamix Bates, Clerk.

Wliereas. Jesse Terrell has been in the practice for some time of
hiring slaves, and having been labored with, and tenderly advised
with by Friends to decline a practice so contrary to the rules of our
Discipline and the Divine precept which requires us to do to others
as we would be done by; he hath, instead of complying therewith,
further proceeded to the purchase of several. We therefore testify
against such practices and hereby disown him. the said Jesse Ter-
rell, from being a member of our religious Society until he con-
demn the said conduct to the satisfaction of Friends. Signed in
and on behalf of a Monthly Meeting held at Cedar Creek in Han-
over County the 14th day of the 4th month 1810.

Beitjamiiq" Bates, Clerk.

"\Aliereas, John Terrell, of Caroline County, who had a birthright
among Friends, hath so far deviated from our known rules as to
join himself in marriage with a woman not of our religious pro-
fession, we do therefore disown him from being a member of our
Society until he make satisfaction. Signed in and on behalf of a
Monthly Meeting held at Cedar Creek in Hanover County the 10th
day of the 11th month 1810.

Benjamin Bates, Clerk.

\A^iereas, Chiles Terrell, who had by birth a membership in So-
ciety with Friends, hath, contrary to our Discipline, joined in map
riage with a woman not professing with us, we do therefore disown
him from being a member until he make satisfaction. Signed in

DISOWNMENTS. 153

and on behalf of a Monthly Meeting of Friends held at Cedar Creek
in Hanover County the 8th of the 12th month 1810.

Benjamin Bates, Clerk.

Whereas, Milley Terrell, who had a birthright among Friends,
has so far deviated from the known rules as to join in marriage with
a man not of our religious Society, we do therefore disown her from
being a member of our society until she make satisfaction. Signed
in and on behalf of a Monthly Meeting held at Cedar Creek in Han-
over County the 9th day of the 3rd month 1811.

Benjamin Bates,
Chlotilda Harris,

Clerks.

Whereas, Caleb Terrell has, contrary to the known rules of the
Society, engaged as an overseer of slaves, and been active in the
performance of military services, and disregarding the advice of
Friends still continues in the the practice, we do therefore disown
the said Caleb Terrell from being a member of our religious So-
ciety, until he make satisfaction. Signed in and on behalf of a
Monthly Meeting of Friends held at Cedar Creek in Hanover Coun-
ty the 10th of the 7th month 1813. Lemuel Crew, Clerk.

Wliereas, Matilda Terrell, of Caroline County, has so far devi-
ated from the rules of our Society as to join in marriage with a
person not of our profession, and having been visited and labored
with in order to convince her of the error, without the desired ef-
fect, we therefore disown her from being any longer a member of
our Society until she is disposed to make satisfaction. Signed in
and on behalf of Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting held the 11th of the
5th month 1816. Lemuel Crew,

Deborah Harris,

Clerks.

Whereas, Rhoda Terrell (daughter of Jessie Terrell), who had a
birthright amongst us, lias so far deviated from the order and Dis-
cipline established among Friends as to become united in marriage

154 DISOWNMENTS.

with a man not of our religious Society, we therefore disown her

from being a member of our Society until she make satisfaction.

Signed in and on behalf of Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting held at

Cedar Creek the 9th of the 5th month 1818.

Lemuel Crew,
Eebecca Harris,

Clerks.

Whereas, George Terrell, who had a right of membership among
Friends, but having so far de\dated from their known rules as to
marry a woman not of our Society, we do hereby disown him from
being any longer a member of our Society, until he make satisfac-
tion. Signed on behalf and by direction of a Monthly Meeting of
Friends held at Cedar Creek in Hanover County the 12th day of
the 7th month 1823. Samuel Terrell, Clerk.

Wliereas, Samuel Terrell (son of Jesse Terrell), of Caroline
County, who had a right of membership amongst us, has so far
deviated from the good order established by our discipline and the
advice of Friends as to unite in marriage with a person not of our
religious Society, we therefore disown him from being any longer a
member of our Society until he shall make satisfaction. Signed by
direction and on behalf of a Monthly Meeting of Friends held at
Cedar Creek the 12th of the 5th month 1827.

Joseph J. Pleasants, Clerk.

Whereas, Kittie Terrell* (daughter of Lemuel and Eebecca Ter-
rell), who had a birthright amongst us, has so far deviated from the
known rules of Friends as to marry a man not professing with us,
we therefore disown her from being any longer a member of our
religious Society until she make satisfaction. Signed by direction
and on behalf of Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting held the 11th of the
7th month 1829.

MicAjAH Bates,
Tacy Bates,

Clerks.

♦Catharine Pleasant TerreU (Kittie) married James Bell.

DISOWNMENTS. 155

Whereas, Eliza Ann Terrell (daughter of Jesse Terrell, of Caro-
line County), who had a right of membership amongst us, has mar-
ried contrary to the rules of our Society and the good order estab-
lished among Friends, we therefore disown her from being any
longer a member of our religious Society until she make satisfac-
tion. Signed by direction and on behalf of a Monthly Meeting of
Friends held at Cedar Creek in Hanover County the 12th day of
the 6th month 1830.

Joseph J. Pleasai^ts,
Tacy C. Bates,

Clerks.

Whereas, Nicey L. Terrell* (daughter of Lemuel and Eebecca
Terrell), who had a birthright among us, has so far deviated from
the known rules of our Society as to marry a man not professing
with us, we do therefore disown her from being any longer a mem-
ber of our religious Society until she make satisfaction. Signed by
order and on behalf of Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting held the 9th
of the 4th month 1836.

Walter Crew,
Ann Crenshaw,
Clerks at This Time.

Whereas, ISTancy Terrell, f who had a right of membership
amongst us, has married contrar}" to the rules of our Discipline, we
do therefore disown her from being any longer a member of our
religious Society until she make satisfaction. Signed by direction
of our Monthly Meeting of men and women Friends held at Cedar
Creek in Hanover County the 14th day of the 2nd month 1835.

Joseph J. Pleasants,
Tact C. Bates,

Clerks.

"^Tiereas, Joseph W. Terrell, who had a right of membership
amongst us, has married contrary to the rules of our Discipline,

♦Nicey L. Terrell married Joel Luck.
t Nancy married Listen Cobb.

156 DISOWNMENTS.

we therefore disown him from being any longer a member of our
religious Society until he make satisfaction. Signed by direction
and on behalf of a Monthly Meeting of Friends held at Cedar Creek
in Hanover County the 9th of the 5th month 1835.

Walter Crew, Clerk at This Time.

VVlicrcas, Robert S. Terrell,* who had a birthright amongst us,
has so far deviated from the testimonies which we have deemed it
our duty to bear as to engage in overseeing slaves, and having been
visited by a committee of our meeting on the subject, has not only
manifested no disposition to cease the practice, but has also inform-
ed the committe that he is in the habit of mustering, thereby mani-
festing that he has not the love and fear of G-od in his heart, we do
therefore issue this our testimony against such practices and dis-
own the said Eobert S. Terrell from being a member of our relig-
ious Society until he makes satisfaction. And may the Lord in his
mercy open his understanding to a sense of the evil of his ways and
strengthen him to return to the Testimonies of Truth. Signed by
direction and on behalf of the Monthly Meeting of Friends held
at Cedar Creek in Hanover County the 11th day of the 7th month
1835. Joseph J. Pleasants, Clerk.

Whereas, Edwin Terrell, who had a right of membership among
us, has married contrary to the rules of our Society and the good
order established among us by which he has forfeited his right, we
do therefore disown him from being any longer a member of our
religious Society until he shall make satisfaction. Signed by direc-
tion and on behalf of Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting held the 12th
day of the 8th month 1843. Joseph J. Pleasants, Clerk.

WTiereas, Mary Ann Terrell (late Hunnicutt), who had a right
of membership among us, has married contrary to the rules of our
Society and the good order established among us, by which she has
forfeited her right, we do therefore disown her from being any
longer a member of our religious Society until she make satisfac-

* K. S. Terrell married Eliza Hargrave.

DISOWNMENTS. 157

tion. Signed by direction and on behalf of Cedar Creek Monthly
Meeting of Friends held the 13th day of the 8th month 1843.

Joseph J. Pleasants,
Mary Bates,

Clerks.

Whereas, Walter Terrell,* who has a right of membership with
us, has married contrary to the Discipline of our Society, and hav-
ing been visited by a committee of Salem Monthly Meeting of Iowa
on our behalf, without manifesting any disposition to make acknowl-
edgment for the same, we do therefore disown the said Walter Ter-
rell from being any longer a member amongst us, until he make
satisfaction. Signed by direction and on behalf of Cedar Creek
Monthly Meeting of Friends held at Eichraond the 14th day of the
7th month 1852. John B. Crenshaw, Clerk.

* Walter Terrell married M. Talitha Crew October, 1850. She died la 1853, and in
1854 he married her sister Jane. Talitha left one daughter, Mary T., now Mrs Euolid
Saunders, of Iowa City, Iowa. Walter Terrell died January 30, 1887, and his wife
Jane died in August, 1888.

LETTERS OF CONFESSION

LETTERS OF CONFESSION AND
CONDEMNATION.

Dear Friends :

I having been a member of your Meeting, but going contrary to
the good order and rules of Friends to be married by an hireling
Priest, which practice I do fully condemn and am heartily sorry
that I have been the cause of trouble and sorrow to Friends and
greatly desire to be reunited to my friends, which I submit to the
freedom of the meeting, 1-2-1778. Eichard Kerbt.

At a Monthly Meeting held at Cedar Creek the 14th of the 7th
month, 1781, Moorman Johnson sent to this meeting condemning
his outgoings in marriage, also a recommendation from some of the
members of your meeting, where he has of late resided, on which he
is reinstated into the Society and is recommended to the care of
the Southriver Monthly Meeting. Moses Harris, Clerk.

To the Monilihj Meeting to he held 2-17-1787.

Dear Friends:

I have at some time past acted in a disorderly manner in fighting
and thereby brought a scandal on Truth and a wound to my own
mind, the practice I do utterly condemn myself in so doing, and if
Friends will pass by my conduct in that respect, am in hopes
through Divine assistance never to do the like again.

Edward Terrell.

To the Monthly Meeting to he Held at Southriver 9-15-1787.

Dear Friends :

I have to acknowledge that being off the true watch I have given
way to the spirit of resentment so far as to gratify that revengeful
spirit by the putting forth mine own hand to the dishonor of Truth,
which has been a matter of sorrow to me, and do sincerely condemn
the same ; and notwithstanding such conduct may justly deserve the
censure of my friends, yet I have a hope and earnest desire remain-

162 LETTERS OF CONFESSION.

ing that I may be enabled through a watchful care and diligent at-
tention to that principle of Light and Grace to surmount every dif-
ficulty that in future may be permitted to attend me. I therefore
submit my case to the solid consideration of the Meeting, and re-
main your friend. John" Lynch.

Deak Friends :

By birth having had a right of membership with you, I inconsid-
erately went out in marrying a near relative and thereby justly for-
feited my right, which transgression the Father of Mercies hath
been pleased to give me a sight and sense of, and it has been cause
of sorrow and deep mourning to me in a particular manner that of
marrying near relative, which lays with greater weight on me than
any other part of my conduct, for which I was disowned ; and, dear
friends, I now freely and sincerely condemn all such practices as
being out of the line of truth and contrary to good order, and desire
to make such satisfaction that you may be easy with in receiving me
again into membership, hoping, through Divine assistance, for the
future to conduct myself to the satisfaction of Friends and the peace
of my own mind. Elizabeth Johnson.

10-8-1787.

Dear Friends :

Being suddenly overtaken with passion too ungiiardedly beat a
man, which I am really sorry for, and do heartily condemn myself
in so doing, and all such rash undue liberties, and believe if I had
a little reflected I should have been preserved from such unbecoming
conduct, and for your satisfaction can assure that it is my resolu-
tion to endeavor to conduct consistent with our profession for the
future, and remain your very loving friend, etc. John Fowler.

6-30-1788.

Dear Friends :

Having gone out in marriage contrary to the good order amongst
Friends, and having a sight and sense of my error, I do sincerely
condemn the same and myself in so doing, and hope in future to
conduct myself more circumspectly and agreeable to good order, and
request that you may accept of this condemnation which I submit.

4-18-1789. William Terrell.

lettees of confession. 163

Deak Friends :

Having so far deviated from the peaceable principles professed
by ns as to suffer the spirit of anger and resentment so to prevail as
to procure firearms for my safety, all which conduct I do condemn,
hoping at the same time that my future conduct will evince the sin-
cerity of this my acknowledgment. Enoch Eobarts.

6-20-1789.

Dear Friends :

Whereas I, the subscriber, having been so far off my watch as to
be guilty of abusive conduct towards a neighbor of mine, and also
using some unwary language, all which I see to be wrong and in-
consistent with the peaceable principles we profess, and being sorry
therefor, do condemn the same, desiring Friends to accept this my
acknowledgment and continue me under their care as my future
conduct shall render me worthy. Given under my hand this 16th
day of the 7th month, 1789. Griffin Dobbins.

Dear Friends :

Having lately behaved myself in a very unbecoming manner to a
Friend, both in words and action, which I am sorry for and do en-
tirely condemn the same in myself and hope that in future my life
and conduct will evidence the sincerity of my condemnation.

8-15-1789. William Bloxom.

Dear Friends :

I having married contrary to Discipline, for which I was justly
disowned by you, and being lately measurably sensible of the dis-
advantage of such a separation, do therefore condemn my miscon-
duct in that respect and desire to be reinstated to Friends again,
and hope my future conduct will evidence the sincerity of this my
acknowledgment. Millet Johnson.

9-17-1791.

Dear Friends :

I once had a right amongst you and knew not the worth of it, and
by taking undue liberty and suffering myself to be married by an
Hireling Minister, caused me to lose my right, which I found to be a
great loss when it pleased the Lord to open my eyes and show me

164 LETTERS OF CONFESSION.

whereabouts I was. Therefore, like a returning prodigal, I make
request to come under your care again Judith Brown.

8-12-1793.

Dear Friends :

We acknowledge that we have de\aated from the principles of
Friends in kissing the Book, etc., which we were inadvertently
drawn into not knowing the difference between an Oath and an Af-
firmation, which we are heartily sorry for, and if Friends can pass
by this offence we hope in future to be more cautious how we com-
mit such errors. Timothy and David Johnson.

1-18-1794.

Dear Friends :

I acknowledge I was much to blame for fighting or seeking any
revenge, which is inconsistent with what we profess, for which I
have been very sorry for and blame myself for, and hope I shall en-
deavor to take care hereafter David Terrell, Jr.

Dear Friends:

As I have been charged with beating and abusing a man, which
I do confess that I suffered passion so far to prevail over me as to
be guilty of the charge, for which I am sorry, and have been with
the man and made him satisfaction for the same, and hope that if
Friends can look over this my transgression that I may, through
Divine assistance, be able for the future to govern myself in a bet-
ter manner, and desire to subscribe myself. Your friend,

Wm. Johnson, Jr.

Dear Friends:

I hereby condemn my conduct in having been active in procuring
a substitute to serve in the Militia, although by indirect means, also
removed and left some accounts unsettled, all which has given
trouble and uneasiness to Friends, which I have been made sensible
of and sorry for. Hoping my future conduct may be more con-
sistent, I desire Friends may accept this my acknowledgment and
continue me under their care. William Betts.

1-15-1798.

letters of confession. 165

Deae Friends:

Whereas I have so far deviated from the rules of good order
which we profess as to be gnilty of drinking strong drink to excess,
I hereby give this as my humble acknowledgment that I am truly
sorry for it and do condemn myself in so doing, and request my
Friends to pass by this my offense, and hope my future conduct will
render me more worthy. William Stanton.

9-3-1799.

Esteemed Friends:

Wliereas I stand justly disowned for marrying contrary to Dis-
cipline, and now being sensible of my error, I do sincerely condemn
the same, with desires to be reinstated. If Friends can accept this,
I hope my future conduct will evidence the sincerity of the same.

8-11-1799. Betty Timberlake.

Betsy ^N^eely, of Halifax County, condemned her conduct in mar-
rying out and asked to be reinstated 4-5-1801.

Susanna Johnson made a similar confession and request 8-8-1801.

Aaron Stanton condemned his conduct in having accomplished
his marriage contrary to Discipline, 5-11-1805.

Dear Friends :

I have done amiss in hiring a slave, for wliich I am sorry and
condemn the practice, and have set her at liberty until her year is
up, and if Friends will look over my misconduct I hope to be more
careful for the future. Moorman Johnson.

11-9-1805.

Micajah Johnson condemns his conduct in having been married
by a ''hire-teacher," 8-9-1805.

William Johnson, 9-12-1812, condemns his conduct for having
been married "in the ways of the world."

Garland Johnson, 2-13-1813, condemns having accomplished his
marriage "contrary to the known Rules and Discipline of Friends."

166 LETTERS OF CONFESSION.

Mildred Tyree, 3-14-1818, condemns "Tiaving deviated so far as
to marry contrary to the Eules of Friends."

Deak Friends:

The act of fighting of which I have been guilty has often caused
me to feel regret on account of its repugnance to the principles of
the Society in which I have been raised and in which it is my desire
to remain, and I trust that Friends will judge of my case in the
spirit of forbearance. Achillis D. Johnson.

4-7-1829.

APPENDIX

APPENDIX I.

HISTORICAL SYNOPSIS.

CHAPTER I.

THE ORIGIN OF QUAKERISM.

From volume entitled " Southern Quakers and Slavery."

The Quakers were the radicals of the Protestant Eeformation,
and, although they were in existence before the days of George Fox,
yet to the latter is due the fact that he first put himself in the front
of the movement and became its founder. Hence a history of this
kind would be incomplete without some account of him.

The founder of the Society of Friends was George Fox (1624-
1691). He was born at Drayton in the Clay, in Leicestershire,
England, in July, 1624. His father was a Puritan weaver, and the
son, originally intended for the Church, was apprenticed to a shoe-
maker and dealer in wool. At a very early age Fox had "a gravity
and stayedness of mind and spirit not usual in children," and
when he was eleven "knew pureness and righteousness." In 1643
"I left my relations, and broke off all familiarity or fellowship with
young or old." For the next few years he was in spiritual darkness
and groped after the light. He met with struggles, and temptations,
with buffets and jeers, but the work of the Lord went forward, and
many were turned from darkness to light by his labors.

He dates the beginnings of his Society from Leicestershire in
1644. The course of Quakerism was at first toward the north of
England. It appeared in \Yarwickshire in 1645 ; in Kottingham-
shire in 1646; in Derb}^, 1647; in the adjacent counties in 1648,
1649 and 1650. It reached Yorkshire in 1651; Lancaster and
Westmoreland, 1652 ; Cumberland, Durham and iSTorthumberland,
1653; London and most other parts of England, Scotland and Ire-
land in 1654. In 1655 Friends went beyond sea "where truth also
sprang up," and in 1656 "it broke forth in America and many other
places."

Fox was unremittent in his missionary labors, and traveled over
England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. He visited the West Indies
and Korth i^merica. He went twice into Holland. His first im-
prisonment was at Nottingham in 1649. It was a strange thing

172 APPENDIX.

then to be in prison for religion, and some thought him mad because
he "stood for purity, righteousness and perfection," but the sim-
plicity, the earnestness, the devotion, and the practical nature of
this system when contrasted with the dry husk of Episcopacy and
the jangling creeds of the Dissenters soon won him adherents by the
thousands. They came mostly from the lower ranks of society, but
from all sects.

Quakerism is distinctively the creed of the seventeenth century.
Seekers were in revolt against the established order. It gave these
seekers what the}^ were seeking for. In theology it was un-Puritan ;
but in cultus, forms and modes it was more than Puritan. The
Quaker was the Puritan of the Puritans. He was an extremist, and
this brought him into conflict with the established order. He be-
lieved that Quakerism was primitive Cliristianity revived. He
recognized no distinction between the clergy and laity; he refused
+0 swear, for Christ had said, swear not at all; he refused to fight,
for the religion of Christ is a religion of love, not of war; he would
pay no tithes, for Christ had said, ye have freely received, freely
give ; he called no man master, for he thought the terms rabbi, your
holiness and right reverend connoted the same idea. He rejected
the dogmas of water baptism and the Puritan Sabbath, and in
addition to these claimed that inspiration is not limited to the writ-
ers of the Old and New Testaments, but is the gift of Jehovah to
all men who will accept it, and to interpret the Scriptures men must
be guided by the Spirit that guided its authors. Here was the
cardinal doctrine of their creed and the point where they differed
radically from other Dissenters. Add to this the doctrine of the
Inner Light, the heavenly guide given directly to inform or illumi-
nate the individual conscience, and we have the corner-stones of
their system.

His success at first was not rapid, but sure. Even the name
■'^Quaker," like that of "Methodist," was given in derision. The
Society of Friends is their true appellation. But as our object in
the publication of this book is mainly to confine ourselves to mat-
ters which touch Quakerism in Virginia and a few adjacent states,
we cannot trespass upon our limits in regard to its illustrious
founder by giving an account of his European career, but must
confine it to ISTorth America. It may seem singular that there are
not a few well-read people who do not even know that George Fox

APPENDIX. 173

was a visitor to the "ISTorth American Plantations," as this country
was called. He came over in the year 1672, and the volume from
which we quote has this to say of his travels and labors here.

We left George Fox going over to the Eastern Shore. In a
day or two he set out for New England. He labored there, then re-
turned to Marjdand, held meetings on both sides of the Bay, and on
the fifth of Kovember set sail for Virginia from Patuxent River.
In three days they came to Nancemund (IsTansemond). Fox
reached it by going down Patuxent River, down Chesapeake Bay
and up Nansemond River. Here a great meeting was held. To
this meeting came one Col. Dewes, "with several officers and magis-
trates, who were much taken with the declaration of truth." Then
Fox "Tiastened towards Carolina; yet had several meetings by the
way, wherein we had good service for the Lord: one about four
miles from Nancemum water, which was very precious; and there
was a men's and a women's meeting settled, for the affairs of the
church. Another very good meeting we had at William Yarrow's,
at Pagan Creek, which was so large that we were fain to be abroad,
the house not being big enough to contain the people. A great
openness there was, the sound of truth spread abroad, and had a
good favor in the hearts of people : the Lord have the glory for-
ever !"

"After this," Fox continues, "our way to Carolina grew worse,
being much of it plashy, and pretty full of great bogs and swamps ;
so that we were connnonly wet to the knees, and lay abroad a-nights
in the woods by a fire: saving one of the nights we got to a poor
house at Summertown [Somerton], and lay by the fire." The
whole of this itinerary can be traced pretty clearly; coming down
the Chesapeake and sailing up Nansemond River, as we have seen.
Fox and his companions, Robert Widders, James Lancaster and
George Pattison, probably took horse before they reached the Widow
Wright's. They entered North Carolina by way of Somerton, Va.,
and went by canoe down Bennett's Creek, called by Fox Bonner's
Creek, into "Macocomocock river," which is doubtless the modern
Chowan, to the house of Hugh Smith, "where people of other pro-
fessions came to see us (no Friends inhabiting that part of the
country)." This house was probably situate in the western part of
the present county of Chowan. "Then passing down the river
Maratick in a canoe, we went down the bay Connie-oak [Edenton]

174 APPENDIX.

to a captains who was loving to us and lent us his boat (for we were
much wetted in the canoe, the water plashing in upon us). With
this boat we went to the governor's ; but the water in some places
was so shallow, that the boat, being loaded, could not swim; so that
we put off our shoes and stockings, and waded through the water a
pretty way/' The Governor's residence was probably near Eden-
ton. Fox says he and his wife received them "lovingly," but they
found a sceptic in the person of a certain doctor, who "would needs
dispute with us," declaring that the light and the spirit of God
were not in the Indians, and who "ran out so far that at length he
would not own the Scriptures."

"We tarried at the Governor's that night; and next morning he
very courteously walked with us about two miles through the woods,
to a place whither he had sent our boat about to meet us. Taking
leave of him, we entered our boat and went about thirty miles to
Joseph Scot's, one of the representatives of the country [probably
in Perquimans, near Pasquotank County] . There we had a sound,
precious meeting; the people were tender, and much desired after
meetings. Wherefore at an house about four miles further, we
had another meeting; to which the Governor's secretary came, who
was chief secretary of the province, and had been formerly con-
vinced."

Fox also went among the Indians and spoke to them by an inter-
preter, and "^Tiaving visited the north part of Carolina, and made a
little entrance for the truth among the peopl.e there, we began to
return again towards Virginia, having several meetings in our way,
wherein we had good service for the Lord, the people being gen-
erally tender and open. ... In our return we had a very precious
meeting at Hugh Smith's .... the people were very tender, and
very good service we had amongst them. . . . The ninth of the
tenth month we got back to Bonner's Creek .... having spent
about eighteen days in the north of Carolina.

"Our horses having rested, we set forward for Virginia again,
traveling through the woods and bogs as far as we could well reach
that day, and at night lay by a fire in the woods. Next day we had
a tedious journey through bogs and swamps, and were exceedingly
wet and dirty all the day, but dried ourselves at night by a fire.
We got that night to Sommerto^\Ti. . . . Here we lay in our clothes
by the fire as we had done many a night before. JSText day we had a
meeting; for the people .... had a great desire to hear us; and

APPENDIX. 175

a very good meeting we had among them, where we never had one
before." After traveling about a hundred miles from Carolina into
Virginia they were again among Friends. They spent about three
weeks in Virginia, mostly among Friends. They had large and
precious meetings. At the Widow Wright's "many of the magis-
trates, officers and other high people came. A most heavenly meet-
ing we had; wherein the power of the Lord was so great, that it
struck a dread upon the assembly, chained all down, and brought
reverence upon the people's minds." The parish priest threatened
to interfere, "hnt the Lord's power .... stopped him .... The
people were wonderfully affected with the testimony of truth. . . .
Another very good meeting we had at Crickatrough, at which many
considerable people were, who had never heard a Friend before;
and they were greatly satisfied, praised be the Lord ! We had also a
very good and serviceable meeting at John Porter's which consisted
mostly of other people, in which the power of the Lord was glo-
riously seen and felt, and it brought the truth over all the bad
walkers and talkers ; blessed be the Lord !"

During the last week of his stay Fox spent time and pains cor-
recting evils that had come into the Society and in "working down
a bad spirit that was got up in some," and then, 'Tiaving finished
what service lay upon us at Virginia, the thirtieth of the tenth
month [30 December, 1672] we set sail in an open sloop for Mary-
land."

Thus ended the only visit of George Fox to Virginia and Caro-
lina. It was his good fortune to see his Society organized and pros-
pering in each. In Virginia the number of Friends was more
than doubled by his preaching, while "a large convincement" was
upon many others who had not yet professed. The connection
between these bodies and the English societies was close. An ex-
change of letters began. Fox sent copies of Edward Burrough's
Words to Col. Thomas Dewes at ISTansemond; to Major-General
Bennett; to Lieutenant-Colonel Waters, in Accomack; to Justice
Jordan, near Accomack, in Potomac; to the Governor of Carolina,
and others. There was soon, no doubt, some sort of union between
the meetings in Virginia and Carolina, but this has not been at any
time an organic one, for the Quakers of North Carolina steadily
fought against the idea of being absorbed by their Virginia neigh-
bors. There has always been unity of thought and feeling between
the Society in the two States and their history is one.

176 APPENDIX.

QUAKERISM IN VIRGINIA.

As the existence of Quakerism in Virginia on an extensive scale,
prior to and long after the American Revolution, admits of no dis-
pute an account of its introduction in Virginia and other Southern
States is eminently demanded. The record shows that Massa-
chusetts was the first American colony in which Quakerism was
preached. The second seems to have heen Virginia, although there
is little difference in the time of its appearance in this colony and
in Maryland. The person to plant the standard of Quakerism in
the South was Elizabeth Harris, a native of London. Of her per-
sonal history we know little. She entered Virginia in 1656, and
arrived in England on her return about July, 1657, "in a pretty
condition." Bowden says "her religious labors were blessed to
many in that province, who were sincere seekers after heavenly
riches, and she was instrumental in convincing many of the primi-
tive and spiritual views of the Christian religion professed by
Friends."

We may say that, Virginia was first settled by the English, May
13, 1607. Under the preaching of an English woman, Elizabeth
Harris, in 1656, the first Friends" meetings were established.
Friends were no more welcome here than among their brother Eng-
lishmen in Massachusetts. The current extravagant stories con-
cerning them were believed, and they were evidently thought to be
a very dangerous class of people. In 1660, Virginia enacted the
following law concerning them : "^^^lereas, there is an unreason-
able and turlDulent sort of people commonly called Quakers, who.
contrary to law, daily gather unto themselves unlawful assemblies
and congregations of the people. ... It is enacted that no master
or commander of a ship or other vessel do bring into this colony
any person or persons called Quakers, under the penalty of one
hundred pounds sterling, to be leaded upon him and his estates by
order of the governor and council or the commissions in the several
counties where such ships shall arrive; that all such Quakers as
have been questioned, or shall hereafter arrive, shall he appre-
hended wherever they shall be found, and they be imprisoned, with-
out bail or mainprise, till they do abjure this country, or put in
security with all speed to depart this colony and not return again.
And if any should dare to presume to return hither after such de-
parture, to be proceeded against as contemners of the laws and

APPENDIX. 1 77

magistracy, and punished accordingly and caused again to depart
the country, and if they should the third time be so audacious and
impudent, they are to be proceeded against as follows : That no
person shall entertain any of the Quakers who have heretofore been
questioned by the governor and council, or wliich shall hereafter be
questioned, nor permit in or near his house any assembly of the
Quakers, under penalty of one hundred pounds sterling; that com-
missioners and officers are hereby required and authorized, as they
will answer the contrary at their peril, to take notice of this act,
to see it fully effected and executed, and that no person do presume
on their peril to dispose of or publish their books, pamphlets, or
libels bearing the title of their tenets and opinions.''

In the early settlement of Virginia, Friends as well as others
took up large tracts of land, and many of them settled near where
Eichmond, Winchester and ISTorfolk now are. Tradition tells us
of one who took up 40,000 acres of land, another 4,000. We hear
of one Pleasants, who owned many slaves, and was determined to
have one thousand. At one time he held nine hundred and ninety-
nine, but he failed to reach the full thousand before the Friends
of A'^irginia decided that it was unrighteous to hold their fellow-
men in bondage. By this decision he was very much annoyed. A
committee went to visit him on account of his slave-owning, but
he would not leave his field to meet them, so they waited patiently
until he came to dinner. He then had their horses put in the
stable and invited them to dine with him with true Friendly hospi-
tahty. But when dinner was over, he wished to hasten back to the
field with his sable farm hands. The committee finally induced
him to tarry for a season of waiting before the Lord. For some
time they sat in silence, and then arose, saying if he would have
their horses brought they would now proceed on their way. They
departed without once mentioning the object of their visit; but
he knew for what they came and was obliged to think about it.
Wlien upon his bed that night he said he dreamed that he died and
was about to pass through the gateway of heaven, when a little
darkey lad closed the gate, and he was not allowed to enter. He
said he did not intend to be kept out of heaven by the darkeys, so
the next morning he summoned the blacks and tol,d them they
were all free from that day. He arranged for those who wished
to remain with him to work for wages, and said that with about

178 APPENDIX.

half the number of servants his business was more profitable than
before.

By the year 1817, all Friends in Virginia had freed their slaves.
iVs in Xorth Carolina, so in Virginia, the principles of Friends,
for some time before the late Civil War, were so at variance with
the ^orevailing sentiment around them that most of them moved
West, so that at the time the war began, there were in the State
only a few small remnants of meetings that met to worship God
after the manner of Friends. One of these small meetings was in
the vicinity of Winchester, which city has been made famous as
the centre of important military operations during the Revolution
as well as during the Civil War.

From the above it will l)e seen that while Virginia is second to
Massachusetts as to the advent of Quakerism, there is no dispute as
to the date in which the Old Dominion first heard the gospel as
propounded by the good people nor the name of the good woman
who did so. It may l)e noted that no allusion is made to the erec-
tion of any church building, although there were many converts.
In all probability, as the Quakers were then under the ban, they
held their meetings in private houses of Friends.

As to the antiquity of claimants as to first churches, we find on
page 23 of the volume from which we just quoted the following:

Again, on the 12th of jS'ovember, 1663, Hill found another
Quaker meeting at the residence of Richard Russell, and summoned
some 35 persons, including John Porter, Sr., and John Porter, Jr.,
to court. Ten days later Hill discovered a Quaker meeting on the
ship Blissing, at anchor in the southern branch of Elizabeth river,
and summoned John Porter, Jr., who was speaking ; James Gilbert,
master of the ship ; Mrs. Mary Emperor, and others, to court. De-
cember 15 they were fined 200 pounds of tobacco each, this being
their first trial. On the same da}' others were fined 50 pounds each
for absenting themselves from public worship, and the grand jury
presented John Porter, Jr., and Mrs. ]\Iary Emperor and others
for attending a meeting on that day at the house of Mrs. Emperor.
The trial for the offense of !N"ovember 12 occurred on February 14
following. John Porter, Jr., and Mrs. Mary Emperor were fined
500 pounds of tobacco each, for it was their second offense; Richard
Russell was fined 5,000 pounds of tobacco for permitting the meet-
ing to be held at his house, and the others were fined 200 pounds of
tobacco each, as it was their first offense. The trial tor the meet-

APPENDIX. 179

ing held at the house of Mrs. Emperor on December 15 also came
off then. Mrs. Emperor and John Porter, Jr., were ordered to be
sent out of the colony, it being their third correction. Ann Godby
was fined 500 pounds of tobacco, it being her second correction, and
others were fined 200 pounds, as it was their first. The sentence
of transportation passed against Porter and Mrs. Emperor was not
carried out. They were persons of infiuence in the county, and as
there was no profit to the informer in their transportation the sen-
tence was probably allowed to die of itself. Hill's term as sheriff
expired in 1661:, and there was no further persecution of Quakers
in this county until 16 T5.

If we accept this account in its ecclesiastical sense then we may
say that the Quaker Church was established in Virginia in the year
1662. Coming directly to the building of Meeting-Houses in Vir-
ginia the first one recorded was Buffkin's, on the east or Vir-
ginia side of iSTansemond Eiver. This house was 20x20, the inside
was ceiled, and the floor was laid with planks and was fitted with
pews and seats. It cost 3688 pounds of tobacco, of which the main
contributors were John Murdah, 530 pounds; Eobert Jordan, 580
pounds; Ben Small, 520; John Porter, 500 pounds, and John Hoi-
lowell, 350. Another house, 25x20, was built on the west branch
of N'ansemond in 1692, and so important was the question of nails
that it was recorded that Francis Bridle gave them. They were
all hand-made, or, as we say, "wTOught nails." There were meet-
ing-houses in A-^irginia before this, no doubt, but we have no record
of them. Among the names recorded we find the following: Pleas-
ants, Terrell, Howard, Woodson, Watkins, Porter, Ellyson, Jor-
dan, Binford, Cate, Hunnicutt, Crew, Clarke, Munford and many
others, which figure largely on the roll of Cedar Creek, Golansville
and other churches. If you add to this list a few other names that
we find more frequently in the eastern counties, such as Ricks, it
will be seen that many of their descendants are prominent to-day.

Continuing the Virginia record, we find that the Quakers, after
having gained a footing in eastern Virginia, branched out and
established meetings in Loudoun and Frederick Counties, but
whether they had Meeting-Houses as such or met at private houses
the record at this early date does not state. It may be noted, how-
ever, that the meeting in east Virginia, although the oldest, were the
first to decline, Quakers having entirely disappeared from Norfolk
County before 1700.

180 APPENDIX.

CHAPTER II.

QUAKERISM IN NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA.

When Quakerism was thus expanding toward the west in Vir-
ginia, a similar but independent movement was going on in Xorth
Carolina toward the south. The first Quaker counties of Xorth
Carolina were Perquimans and Pasquotank. Here it was planted
b}'' Edmundson and Fox in 1672. Migrations from these original
seats of the faith began as earl}' as 1703. The movement crossed
Albemarle Sound and went south. By the middle of the century
there were Quakers in Hyde, Beaufort, Craven, Carteret, Jones,
Bladen and Lenoir counties. They prol^ably had meetings for wor-
ship in all of these counties.

In Carteret county, Core Soimd ^Monthly Meeting was set up in
1733. It was probably the oldest in the section and its records
have been preserved. In 1717 Quakers in Carteret were strong
enough to send one of their number to the Assembly. But in 1771
Core Sound ]\Ionthly ]\Ieeting was small, for it seems that most of
its members had moved farther into the interior of the State. At
the end of the last century the j^rincipal families of Quakers in the
meeting bore the names of Stanton, "Williams, Harris, Brown,
Howard, Mace, Thomas, Davis, Arnold, HoUowell, Horn, Overman,
Dew, Bogue, Bishop, Bundy, Borden, Parker, C'hadwick, Hellen,
Scott, Physioc, and Cartright.

In 1718 we find mention of a monthly meeting on Falling Creek,,
then in Dobbs, now in Lenoir county. This monthly meeting was
probabl}^ not far from the ^^resent town of Kinston, and continued
here until January 6, 1772, when it was the judgment of Friends
that, since most of ihe Friends about the Meeting-House on Lower
Falling Creek had died or had moved away, the monthly meeting-
should be held at Eichard Coxe's, near Upper Falling Creek. In
July, 1772, it was said that Friends had settled on several branches
of Contentnea Creek, and as they were distant from meeting, it was
agreed to put a first day's meeting at Arthur Bryant's, and "at a
monthly meeting held at Great Contentney, the 12th of the 9th
mo., 1772," it was also agreed that the monthly meeting should be
transferred to Arthur Bryant's. From this time the Falling Creek
]\Ionthly Meeting disappears and Great C^ontentnea takes its place..
It was at the time of its organization farther from the sea-coast

APPENDIX. 181

than any other monthly meeting in North Carolina. It was known
later as Contentnea Monthly Meeting. We find among its members
in the eighteenth century the following names : Beenian, Overman,
Bogue, HoUowell, Cox, Pike, Pearson, Hall, Mayo, Wooten, Edger-
ton, Arnold, Copeland, Bundy, Morris, Dondna, and Ontland. From
these names we are led to infer that connection with the meetings in
Carteret County to the east and Northampton county on the north
was close.

Perhaps we can illustrate the expansion of Quakerism in east-
ern Virginia and eastern North Carolina in no better way than by
quoting the journal of William Eeckitt, who visited these meetings
in 1756-57. He says of the meetings in Virginia : "I visited all the
little handfuls scattered up and down in these parts, and often had
service in families. I met with Samuel Spavold, who likewise was
much engaged in the service of truth. His labor of love in the
work of the gospel was indeed great in this part of the world ; those
of other societies being much reached by his ministry."

Eeckitt then set forward to North Carolina; held meetings at
Piney Woods, Wells, Old Neck, and Little Eiver, all in Perquimans
county; lodged with Thomas Nicholson, the author; probably did
not go into Pasquotank county, but turned to the west, accom|)anied
by Joshua Fletcher and Francis Nixon. He says, "I then set forward
towards a wilderness country, where the inhabitants were very thin.
.... Our first meeting after we left Perquimans was at John
Coupeland's. . . . There were but few friends, but people of other
societies came in, who had notice; amongst whom was an officer
of the army . . . ." The first established meeting they reached
was at Fort Eiver (Eoanoke?), "where a meeting had been recently
settled, of such as had been convinced." They then came to Henry
Horn's in Edgecombe county, who had been convinced from among
the Baptists, for the inhabitants of this section belonged principally
to that faith ; then they came to a small meeting at Neuse in Wayne
county, and then ninety miles to the meeting at Core Sound. The
destination of Eeckitt was to the Friends in South Carolina. "The
first meeting we had after we left Core Sound, was at Permeanus
Hauton's who gave us an invitation to his house, and sent to give
notice to his neighbors, though some lived several miles distant.
We got to his house about the time the meeting was appointed, where
we found seats placed, and every thing in such convenient order for

182 APPENDIX.

a meeting, as I thought I had seldom seen. His rooms being little,
he had placed seats in his court yard, and imder the windows, that
I believe all could sit and hear without the least troubling one an-
other; and indeed I thought his labor and good inclination were
blessed, for a solid time it was, and I found openness to declare the
truth amongst them. . . . We staid one night at Wilmington, the
capital to^\'n in ISTorth Carolina; but it being their general court
time and the privateers having brought in prizes, the people's minds
were in great commotions, so that I could find no room nor freedom
to have a meeting, though several called Quakers lived there, but
held no meeting, except when strangers came." They crossed a
branch of Cape Fear Eiver and then went to Carver's Creek. "Here
was a small gathering of Friends. We staid their first day meeting
over, and then went to Dan's [Dunn's] Creek, where we found rn-
other gathering of such as call themselves Friends, but had been
much hurt, and scattered in their minds from the true shepherd,
by an enemy that had sown tares."

We find Quakerism planted in South Carolina in much the same
manner as it was in North Carolina, but inasmuch as letters writ-
ten from the scene are more interesting than a dry historical record,
we will quote a letter written by Samuel Fothergill, a missionary
from Charleston, S. C, February 13th, 1755. He says:

"Since I wrote you from Waynoak. [Va.], I have visited all Jie
residue of Virginia and North Carolina, and last night arrived here,
and have had a meeting here this day, amongst a poor miserable'
handful of professors, and believe I must visit all their families
before I can easily leave this place. I expect to be in Georgia, 150
miles south of this place, sometime next week, and then return
northwards, 800 miles, upon a line, without much stop, except seven
meetings which I left as I came southwards.

"On the 2d instant, after a ride of fifty miles, we were obliged
to lie in the woods all night.

"I have this day had a large, good meeting, to my satisfaction ;
but the meeting house being small was inconvenient. ]\Iost of the
principal inhabitants attended, and I expect the use of the Baptist
meeting house on first day evening, to take leave of the inhabitants
of this place, who have given general instances of their regard.

"George Whitfield passed through this town a few days ago, to

APPENDIX. 1 83

Georgia, having travelled very hard from Philadelphia, to get to
his flock before we came amongst them.

"The state of the church is generally low, and exceedingly so in
this place; there is very little of the form, and much less of the
power, of truth amongst them. My heart has been bowed into
strong concern, and close labor for and with them, and hope for
some little reviving of secret care in particular; but alas, many
seem awakened for a time, and sink afresh into lukewarmness." In
the same letter he says : "I have now been to the extent of my ^isit
southward, being 120 miles further than any Friend hath travelled
on religious account, and am setting my face northward. I pro-
pose another public meeting in this place to-morrow, and then to
leave.'^ He was also invited to visit the Sea Islands, and expected
to do it, but "'found a prohibition.*' These people seemed "desirous
the testimony should be exalted by others, but won't lend a hand.
.... When we left Charleston we had near 450 miles to ride to the
next settlement of Friends, through a country little inhabited, and
in which accommodations were scarce enough, though we made shift
to get into some cabin or other at nights, but had not my clothes off
for several nights successively, or any things at times to lie down
upon but a bear skin or boards."

It will be of interest to ns to see the names of some of the per-
sons who were the leaders in this extensive migration, for their
children became prominent in the Society in Xorth Carolina, and
"their grandchildren went to the West and became equally prominent
there. From Warrington Monthly Meeting, Pa., there were twenty-
three arrivals; among them were Isaac and Peter Cox, Peter
Xathan and Zacharias Dicks, Isaac Pidgen, John Beeson, Joseph
Ozburn, Isaac Jones, Jacob and Abrani Elliott, Thomas Kendall,
William Eeynolds, James and Aaron Frazer. Eight came from
Bradford ]\Iontlil3' Meeting; among them were Ebenezer AYorth,
Phineas, John and Eichard Mendenhall ; while another Pilchard
Mendenhall, William Eevnolds, and Thomas Dennis, Jr., came from
New Garden, Pa. ; eleven came from Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting,
\a., including Philip Hoggatt, William and Zachariah Stanley,
Robert, John and William Johnson; eight from Caroline ]\Ionthly
Meeting, Joseph Hoggatt, Stringman and ISTathan Stanley, Talton
and James Johnson; eight from HopcAvell and six from Fairfax;
from Hopewell came Eichard, Isaac, Xathaniel and John Beeson,

184 APPENDIX.

Benjamin Brittain, Jolin Beals, James Langiey, Joseph Hiatt;
from the neighboring Fairfax came George Hiatt, "William Ker-
sey, Micajah Stanle}", William Ballinger; Joseph ITnthank and
family came from Eichland, Bucks count}^. Pa. ; James Bro'wn,
James Johnson came from East Xottingham, then in Pennsylvania,
now in ^Maryland. The westward movement from the eastern
jSTorth Carolina meetings was begun from Perquimans Montlily
meeting by Henry, Jacol) and Joseph Lamb, who came up in 1T60,
and thus set in motion a movement that was to attain large pro-
portions fifty j'ears later.

The names given in the above lists do not represent all the
Quaker settlers who came to central Xorth Carolina between 1T51
and 1770, it gives only rej)resentatives of certain families that have
since attained considerable distinction in the section and who first
made this and the surrounding Quaker settlements a success. They
represented some of the oldest and best Quaker families in Penn-
S3dvania. The Xew Garden settlers were soon reinforced by other
immigrants who also came from old Quaker stock. These were
the settlers from Xantucket Island, Mass. This movement began
in 1771, and Libni Coffin was the first Xantucket man to arrive at
Xew Garden.

TVe get some particulars from the life of Elijah Coffin : "The
island of Xantucket being small, and its soil not very productive,
a large number of jjeople could not he supported thereupon. . . .
The jDopulation of the island still increasing, many of the citizens
turned their attention to other parts, and were induced to remove
and settle elsewhere, with a view to better their condition as to
]3rovide for their children, etc. A while before the Eevolutionary
war, a considerable colony of Friends removed and settled at Xew
Garden, in Guilford county, Xorth Carolina, which was then a
newly settled country. My gTandfather [William] Coffin [1720-
1S03] was one of the number that thus removed. His removal took
j)lace, I believe, in the year 1773." Again, Obed ^lacy, writing of
the period about 1760, says that because of the failure of the whale
fishery some went to Xew Garden, X. C, others to Xova Scotia and
Kennebec : "Very few of whom benefited themselves, and some,
after a few years' stay, returned." Again, about the outbreak of
the Eevolution, because of the derangement of their business by
the war, others went to Xew A^ork and Xorth Carolina.

APPENDIX. 185

THE STOPPAGE OF SOUTHERN MIGRATION.

In 1780 two-thirds of the inhabitants of iSTantucket were Quak-
ers. We find among their leaders the Coffins, Starbucks, Folgers,
Barnards and Husseys. Some of these became leaders in the Caro-
lina migration, which was particularly large, 1771-75. During this
period of five years there were no less than forty-one certificates
recorded at Xew Garden Monthly Meeting from Xantucket out of a
total of fifty certificates received. In this number there were eleven
families, and it included many families that have since been promi-
nent in that section of the State. We find among these immigrants
Libni Coffin, William (Jr.), William, Barnabas, Seth (and wife),
Samuel (and family), Peter and Joseph Coffin; Jethro Macy,
David, Enoch, Xathaniel, Paul (and family), Matthew (and five
children) and Joseph Macy; William, Gayer, Paul (and family)
and William Starbuck; Eichard, William, Stephen, and Stephen
Gardner; Tristrim, Francis and Timothy Barnard; Daniel Francis
and Jonah Worth; John AVickersham; William Eeece; Jonathan
Gifiord; Eeuben Bunker; Xathaniel Swain; Thomas Dixon.

This southward migration stopped almost as suddenly as it be-
gan. This was caused by the war of the Eevolution. In 1775
there were eight certificates from Xantucket. In 1776 there was
but one. In that year the migration from Virginia begins again
with an occasional belated settler from Delaware or Maryland. But
it never attained important proportions. During the seventeen
years, 1783-1800, there were thirteen certificates received, less than
one a year; some came from Xantucket, the most from Pennsyl-
vania, but these were partly counterbalanced by the five certificates
granted to parties who returned to their old homes.

It seems accurate to say that all of these new meetings had prac-
tically attained their full growth by the outbreak of the Eevolution.
Migration from the northward was steady until then. It then
ceased largely, and from that time the meetings were kept up by
the natural increase, not by the new arrivals.

It is quite interesting to record here what a good Quaker brother
says as to the superiority of the Xorth Carolina brand to that of
Yirginia.

The superiority of Carolina Friends over Yirginia Friends, both
in temporal and spiritual afllairs, is also sho'^vn clearly by Hugh

186 APPENDIX.

Judge, who visited Southern Quakers in 1784. In speaking of his
travels in the Hopewell section of Virginia he says: "We arrived
there safely; but though it was a poor place, it was much better
than the former, for we got a tolerably good bed, and corn blades
for our horses ; but they had no bread, milk, cheese nor butter for us.
I asked whether we could have some water boiled, which they did
in a large kettle, for they were entire strangers to tea and tea-
tackling, having nothing of the kind. However, getting some hot
water, I made some tea in a quart mug; and, having tea and sugar
as well as bread and meat with us, we fared pretty well on our own.

"Set out before sunrise, and called at several places before we
could get any breakfast, or anything for our horses to eat. At length
we obtained some corn blades for them, and a broken kettle to boil
water for ourselves a breakfast. So sorrowfully poor is the situa-
tion and condition of many of the inhabitants of old Virginia that
travelers are hardly beset to get a little refreshment; yet they
abound with negroes."

When South Carolina is reached there is found to be no essential
difference in the evolution and development of the meetings in the
northern and central part of the State, save that immigrants com-
ing into this province, 1760-75, unlike those in Virginia and North
Carolina, found some Quaker meetings already established in their
line of march. Two of these. Pee Dee and Gum Swamp, were in
]\Iarlborough county, S. C. "The Friends there," says Keckitt,
"though their circumstances in the world were but low, treated us
very kindly. Their love to truth and diligence in attending meet-
ings are worthy of notice; for they had nigh one hundred miles to
go to the monthly meeting they belonged to, and I was informed
very seldom missed attending it." These Friends "were truly glad
to see us, they being seldom visited."'

Another Quaker meeting on their line was that at Wateree. It
was in, or near, Camden, in Kershaw county. It was also known
as the Fredericksburg or Camden meeting. Mary Peisley and
Catherine Peyton visited it in 1753. They found the Society very
low as to religious experience, but "some of the youth were under a
divine visitation, which afforded comfort and encouragement."
Eeckitt visited them in 1757, and says "several of the Friends from
Ireland had been settled about six or seven years."

They seem to have grown rapidly, for in 1755 we find Wateree

APPENDIX. 187

mentioned as a monthly meeting, but whether it was established by
North Carolina Yearly Meeting we do not know. In 1757 we find
that certificates were taken from iSi'ew Garden to Wateree, and in
1761 parties returned to Xew Garden. In 1762 they were visited
by William Hunt of North Carolina. So far as any evidence to
the contrary is to be found, this monthly meeting, as well as other
meetings in South Carolina, at first led a purely independent ex-
istence. They were congregational as far as government goes, and
it seems some did not elect at first to come under North Carolina
Yearly Meeting. Up to this time all South Carolina Quakers seem
to have come by the sea route. Charleston, Edisto, Wateree, were
all of the same character in this respect. But when the southward
migration swept over North Carolina and reached South Carolina
these older meetings became less important relatively, and their
connection with North Carolina Yearly Meeting becomes more dis-
tinct as the immigrants become more powerful. In 1768 Fred-
ericksburg Monthly Meeting was joined to the Western Quarter of
North Carolina Yearly Meeting, and was held at Bush Eiver, which
was a settlement mostly of parties who had come overland from the
north. In 1770 a committee was appointed to investigate the state
of these Friends. They recommended the settlement of a monthly
meeting at Bush Eiver, in Newberry County, which was done, and
that Fredericksburg Monthly Meeting "should return to the
Wateree until further orders." This was also done, and from this
time Bush Eiver increases while Fredericksburg decreases. It
dragged its slow length along through the Eevolution and was laid
down about 1782. Job Scott was there in 1789. "I had a very
small, yet precious meeting at Camden, S. C, where no member
of our Society liveth, except one very ancient woman; though once
there was a settled meeting of Friends there." To this meeting
there had come the families of Lamb, Parkins, Cox, Smith, Thomas,
Pierson, Gant.

There seems to have never been more than one Quaker center in
Georgia. Quakers were particularly favored under the Georgia
charter, but it is not probable that any Friends appeared in the
colony early enough to avail themselves of the advantages offered.
Samuel Fothergill was the first Quaker preacher to visit Georgia.
This was in 1755. "I went thence [Charleston] to Georgia, and
had a large meeting in the court-house, and some opportunities in

188 APPENDIX.

the inn where I lodged, to some service, though there were not any
there who bore our name." The vagueness of this letter leaves us
in doubt as to the sections visited.

The first effort at Quaker settlement was in 1758. In that year
■"Certain Quaker families entered the province and formed a settle-
ment about seven miles above iVugusta upon a tract of land known
to this day as the Quaker Spring. The territory vrithin which they
fixed their abodes had been formerly owned by a tribe of Indians
called the Savannahs. Thence were they expelled by the Uchees,
who occupied adjacent lands. Peacefully inclined as they were,
these Quakers hoped to dwell in amity with the neighboring Indians.
While engaged in clearing lands and in building comfortable homes
they were alarmed by the intelligence that, the Cherokees were on
the eve of invading the white settlements. AYithout pausing to
ascertain the truth of the re]3ort, they hastily abandoned the coun-
try, leaving behind them no trace of their short occupancy save a
spring and a slender memory."

The next efi:ort was more successful. On the third of July,
1770, the General Assembly of Georgia granted to Joseph Mad-
dock (or Mattock) and Jonathan Still a tract of 40,000 acres of
land in St. Paul's Parish, Columbia (now McDuffie) County, Ga.,
to be held in trust for the Quakers. Here they began the town of
Wrightsborough, on Tovm Creek, sixteen miles from Appling, the
county seat, and named it for Sir James Wright, Governor of the
colony. The records date from 1773. In that year a preparative
and a monthly meeting were organized in Wrightsborough town-
ship by representatives sent from 'New Garden. The certificates
recorded show that the Quaker j^opulation was made up of settlers
from South Carolina, Xorth Carolina, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and
Burlington in West I^ew Jersey. The outlook for a speedy develop-
ment of their settlement was very promising when Indian troul)les
in 1774 prevented further expansion. We have an account of this
Indian incursion from one who was so close to the sufferers that it
may be interesting to reproduce. It is written by Eachel Price
(nee Kirk) in her Account of tlie Kirh Family (MS.). It tells
how her sister, Tamar Kirk, married Phineas Mendenhall and re-
moved with him to Guilford County, X. C. This was about 1763.
The account continues : "I have retained the recollection of a young
man of the name of John Wickersham, who Avas acquainted with my

APPENDIX. 189

sister Mary. He went to Carolina some time after her, where they
renewed their attachment and were married and settled there for a
time, but the State of Georgia opened for settlement, inducing
many to move there. ^Ij sisters and their families were both of
them amongst those who went about 300 miles from their then
settlement into the State of Georgia to a place settled by Joseph
Mattock and ]\Iattock's Settlement. There they lived in peaceable
possession of their homes undisturbed by the natives for a consider-
able time until there was a new purchase made by the Govern-
ment, with which the Indians seemed dissatisfied. My brothers-
in-law, with others, bought land in it; as it was considered very
good, many were induced to make settlements on it, to clear and
sow it with grain, but the frequent incursions of Indians was cause
of great discouragement to them, so that it was deemed best by
many not to reside on it. They therefore left it, but when the grain
that they had sown was ripe, they thought that they would go there
and gather it, the distance not being far from their first settlement
where they resided. Sister Tamer, her husband and three sons
went for that purpose, leaving their two daughters behind at home.
Early one morning sister went to milk a cow they had with them;
while her hands were thus engaged a party of Indians were lying
in wait, fired on them, put an end to her useful life, also killed her
eldest son; the youngest they took captive, and kept him in captiv-
ity about two years. They adopted him and were kind to him, and
when redemption was offered for him, he had become so much at-
tached to them and to their manner of life, that it recpiired some
persuading to get him from them. The father and other son made
their escape.

"This awfully trying circumstance made such an impression on
the minds of sister ]\Iary and husband that they came as soon as
they could get away to Xorth Carolina to their former settlement.
In that neighborhood they lived for many years. . . . They of later
years moved with their children and their families to Indiana,
where they are settled."

There were then about twenty families in the Wrightsborough
connection. They report at that time : "Meetings are middling well
kept up and love and unity subsist in a middling good
degree amongst us.'' But the Indian incursion caused the popu-
lation to become unstead}^, and many returned to the older colonies.

190 APPENDIX.

We find, however, a few who ventured that far South during the war
of the Eevolution. Daniel Williams went down from Pennsylvania
in 1777 to Wrightsborough, and in 1778 writes back to the people of
Pennsylvania : "I got liberty to move into an empty cabin near my
uncle, where we staid about six or seven weeks. During our abode
there I dealt with a man for 100 acres of land in the old purchase.
There were about seven acres cleared, and a nice house just built
thereon, and about 40 bearing peach trees planted out. We moved
there near the beginning of the second month, and I fell to grub-
bing and clearing a piece of ground, and got five acres ready to plant
in corn in pretty good season, and have ten acres now growing of
likely corn. . . . Our country is exceedingly fertile, and takes but
little to render it complete. One discouragement there is to the set-
tlement of it, and that is the frequent incursions of the savages,
who almost every year cause some part of the settlement
to break, though it is hard to penetrate above two or three
miles within the English boundaries. Though we have often heard
it was their decision to cut us off, yet the interposition of the Divine
Hand has hitherto frustrated their intentions when no human
power seemed sufficient. ISTotwithstanding discouragements of this
kind appear, yet it is truly astonishing to see with what rapidity the
countr}^ is settled and improved; this country which 11 years ago
was a wild uninhabited wilderness. There are several people here
this fall that are much indisposed with a fever that is not common
in this countr}', for we have generally good water and clear, whole-
some air in the middle of summer. ... I shall advise if any of our
friends should incline to come out here soon, that they bring no
more money with them than what will bring them out, for we have
no scarcity of paper currency. I would be very desirous if brother
Isaiah would send 10 or 13 lbs. of iron out ))y William Benson,
for it is a very scarce article here and rates I believe at $2.00 the
pound."

Georgia Friends w^ere drawn from all the meetings to the north-
ward almost without exception. We find among them the families
of Farmer, Pugh, Stubb, Jones, James, Vernon, Moorman, Upton,
Williams, Webb, Dixon, Seypold, Coppock, Brown, Hodge, Men-
denhall.

The Georgia meetings reported to the Bush Eiver Quarterly

APPENDIX. 191

Meeting, and this in turn to the Xorth Carolina Yearly Meeting.
In 1775 we find Georgia mentioned in the North Carolina Yearly
Meeting records. South Carolina had been mentioned for the first
time in 1770. The change in the center was soon felt; in 1777
came the proposition to remove the Yearly ]\Ieeting from the east;
in 1786 request was that it be held at Centre, in Guilford County.
It was held here the next year, and then alternated between the
east and the west until 1812, when the last Yearly Meeting in
northeastern Xorth Carolina was held at Little Elver.

It is now possible for us to take a summary review of the results
obtained thus far. The promise of an aggressive and rapid growth
made in the youth of Quakerism was not fulfilled in its maturer
years. This joromise was particrdarly clear in North Carolina.
During the seventeenth century the records show that the Society
in that colony was quietly but steadily extending its outposts and
was being strengthened by immigration and conversions. To such
an extent was this true, that in 1716 Eev. Giles Eainsford writes to
the S. P. G. that the "poor colony of North Carolina will be soon
overrun with Quakerism and infidelity if not timeh^ prevented by
your sending over able and solder missionaries as well as school-
masters to reside among them." But this almost phenomenal
growth of the native element ceased soon after the Established
Church became well organized. Quakers never played in North
Carolina under royal government the part they had played under
the government of the Proprietors. They were still less important,
relativel}^, in A'^irginia. During the last third of the eighteenth
century they obtained their fullest growth in each of the several
States under consideration. Soon after the beginning of the nine-
teenth century their decline becomes visible. The period of high-
est and fullest growth has itself a period of depression. The Eevo-
lution, like the Civil War, was a time of suffering to the Quakers.
Many left their ranks and were disowned to take part in the strug-
gle for liberty, and the Society was much depleted. On the other
hand, the convincements were much more numerous than they had
been in former years. Despite all the care which Friends might
use to keep unworthy and timid persons out of the Socity, the num-
ber of "'war Quakers" was considerable, and the Society did not
prosper for some years after the end of the war.

192 APPENDIX.

CHAPTEE III.

THE REPLANTING OF SOUTHERN QUAKERISM.

In the preceding chapter an account of the decline of Southern
Quakerism was given. In this we sliall see it was replanted and be-
came quite vigorous.

In the half-century included between 1733 and the close of the
Eevolution a new and vigorous element was injected into the life of
Southern Quakerism. Most of these new settlers Avere from Penn-
sylvania^ but some had delayed a few years in Marjdand; some
were from Xew Jerse}-, and some from N'antucket. Some were of
English antecedents, but many were Pennsylvania Germans, and
some were Welsh. The influence of these new settlers was so dis-
tinct and overwhelming that I have ventured to call this movement
the replanting of Southern Quakerism, for had this movement not
taken place, Quakerism would hardly be an appreciable factor in
these States to-day.

These immigrants seem to have had but one motive in coming
South. This motive was distinctly economic. Their movement
is parallel to that of the Scotch-Irish. These two waves passed
over the same ground at the same time, but the two did not inter-
mingle, for the gentle and peace-loving Friend, who decried all
war, avoided the holding of office, sought not his own, and put his
abiding faith in the personal j^resence of God, free grace and the
powers that be, had little in common with the restless, aggressive,
fighting, ruling Scotch-Irish, or with the democratic but stern
tenets of Calvinism.

About 1725 the vanguard of the Quaker movement appeared at
Monocacy, Maryland. Here, like a true wave of Teutonic migra-
tion, it rested for a time. It reached Hopewell, Ya., in 1733, and
the next twelve or fifteen years were spent in subduing northern
Virginia. In 1743 an advance-guard had gotten as far as Car-
ver's Creek, in Bladen county, IST. C. The next twenty years are
marked by the swarms of Quakers that came pouring into the
central sections of IsTorth Carolina, many of them falling by the
wayside, however, in Campbell and Bedford counties, A^a., where
South Eiver MontMy Meeting was organized in 1757. From about
1760 to the Eevolution the horde passed through Xorth Carolina,
and pressed into South Carolina and Georgia.

APPENDIX. 193

Like a true migration again, this movement did not take tlie
iorm of an overflo'sv^ but of successive waves. Many parts of tlie
line of marcli were comparatively or even absolutely free from
Quakers. It is idle for us to speculate on the reasons why they
settled in the particular sections they did. It is possibly due to
that "invincil)le attraction'' which Walter Bagehot points out as
playing such an important part in the formation of national char-
acter. Some accidental advantage, perhaps the excellence of the
soil, located the first immigrant, and the gregarious instinct did
the rest.

It now becomes us to narrate the planting of these meetings
more in detail.

The beginning of this new movement southward, the counterpart
of the movement of the next century westward, is to be found in
the Hopewell settlement in Frederick County, Va. About 1725,
Friends from Salem, X. J., and Xottingham, then in Pennsylvania,
but thrown by j\Iason and Dixon into Maryland, settled in the
upper part of Prince George Count}', Md., near the Monocacy, a
tributary of the Potomac. They were erected into a meeting by
Xew Garden ]\Iontlily Meeting, Pa. In 1732 Alexander Eoss and
a compan}^ crossed the Potomac, and thus initiated the migration of
which we are now to write. In that year they olitained a charter
for 100,000 acres of land situated on Opecjuan Creek, a tributary
of the Potomac in what is now Frederick County, Virginia. A set-
tlement was begun here by Alexander Eoss, Josiah Ballenger,
James Wright, Evan Thomas and other Friends from Penns}^-
vania and Elk Eiver, Md. A meeting called Hopewell, or
Opeckon, was established the same year, and one called Providence
in 1733. They were organized in 1735 into Hopewell Monthly
Meeting, under the auspices and care of Chester Quarterh' ^Meeting
in Pennsylvania.

In 1733 other Friends removed from Bucks county, Perm., and
settled in Fairfax, now Loudoun county, about ten miles south of
the Potomac, east of the Hopewell settlement, and near where the
town of Waterford now is. When these parties settled in northern
Virginia there were no Quakers in this section, and few inhabitants.
The meeting for worship of the Fairfax settlement was at first held
in the house of Amos Janney, the first Quaker settler here. The
Janneys became a large and influential famih^, produced among

194 APPENDIX.

others the historian, Samuel McPherson Janney, and some of the
name still reside in the county. The meeting was called Fairfax,
and dates from 1733. A meeting-house was erected in ITll and
called by the same name. In 1744 Fairfax Montlily Meeting was
established. This also became a branch of Chester Quarterly ]\Ieet-
ing and Philadelphia Yearly Meeting.

These meetings soon attracted the watchful care of traveling
Friends. John Fothergill visited them in 1736. The state of the
Society in Virginia, he said, was "low and painful"' ; those advanced
in 3'ears were, in general, "very insensible of true feeling, or suit-
able zeal for truth's advancement in themselves, their families or
the church." John Churchman (1705-1775) went down in 1741 to
see if the Friends at Fairfax "were in number and weight suf-
ficient to have a meeting settled amongst them." He also visited
the families on the Shenandoah and says, "I believe that the delight
in hunting, and a roving idle life, drew most of them under our
name to settle there."

The meetings in Loudoun, Fairfax and Frederick counties were
never as distinctively Virginian as those farther south. They
looked first to Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, and after 1789 to
Baltimore Yearly Meeting. Their distance and the inconvenience
in traveling were doubtless inq^ortant factors in this division.
Then, too, the origin of the settlers had its effect. They were
an offspring of the Pennsylvania meetings and looked naturally
to them.

These meetings in turn began to extend their boundaries.
Various meetings were established in Frederick, Loudoun, Cul-
peper and the adjoining counties. In 1756 a meeting-house was
built and a meeting settled at Goose Creek. In 1760 Crooked
Eun meeting was settled. A monthly meeting was established
at Crooked Eim in 1782, and one at Goose Creek in 1785; at
Southland in 1789, or earlier; and at Alexandria in 1802 Migra-
tion from Pennsylvania to northern A'irginia continued brisk
until the Eevolution. Day, Barrett, Beeson, Piggott, Sidwell,
Kirk, White, Brown, Wilson, Eoss, Johnson, Bailey, Carter, Bal-
lenger, Pugh, Eees, Branson, Webb, and Wright, were the names
of some of the families that came south from Pennsylvania
and settled in this section. There were in this immediate section
one quarterly and five monthly meetings, with twenty or more

APPENDIX. 195

meetings for worship. There was much interchange Ijetween
these meetings ; as the settlers increased in numbers they took their
certificates from the older meetings like Hopewell and Fairfax
to the newer ones like Goose Creek. The meetings in this locality
are now reduced to about eight. In the schism in 1828 a majority
accepted the views of Hicks. The census of 1890 gives 96 as the
number of Orthodox and 506 as the number of Hickside Friends in
Fairfax^ Frederick and Loudoun counties. Friends have entirely
disappeared from the adjoining counties of Culpeper, Stafford and
Orange, Ya., as well as from Hampshire;, Berkeley and Jeiferson
counties, ^X. Ya., in all of which they had members during the last
century.

We may safely conclude that the meetings in Campbell and Bed-
ford, Pittsylvania and Halifax counties, Ya., were built up almost
entirely by this southward movement. There were two monthly
meetings in this section. South Eiver and Goose Creek. The former
dates from 1T5T; the latter, which is not the same as the Goose
Creek Monthly Meeting in the Hopewell Quarter, from 179-1.
These monthly meetings applied for a quarterly meeting. It was
granted in 1T9?, and was known as Western Quarterly Meeting;
but the number of Friends in the section decreased so much that
Goose Creek Monthly Meeting was laid down in 1814 and the West-
ern Quarterly meeting in 1817. South Elver Monthly Meeting
survived the Yirginia Yearly Meeting, and was laid down in 1858.
These meetings lay in the direct path of southern immigration.
I conclude that they received most of their increase from persons
who got stranded, as it were, on the way South. But they were
also a mixture of the native and foreign elements. The Clarks of
Louisa and Albemarle counties, and the Terrells of Caroline, seem
to have been in the Society before 1730, and had been turned toward
Quakerism by the preaching of Joseph iSTewby of iSTorth Carolina.
The L}Tich family, from whom the city of Lynchburg is named,
and who have also given us the term "lynch law," became members
about 1752. It was the widow of Charles Ljmch, died about 1753,
Irishman and foimder of the family, who organized the meetings
in this locality. The L^mches, Davises, Johnsons, Cadwalladers,
Douglasses, Anthonys, Holloways, Strattons, Fishers, Stantons,
Moormans, Burgesses, Butlers, Pidgeons, Perdues, were some of the
prominent Qaker families in Campbell and the adjoining counties.

196 APPENDIX.

At a later period the migration from northern Virginia became
more frequent. Between 1775 and 1800 we find thirty ^Darties,
some with families, taking certificates from Fairfax and the north-
em Goose Creek Monthly Meetings to South Biver Monthly Meet-

CHAPTER IT.

CAUSES OF THE DECLINE OF SOUTHERN QUAKERISM.

It is not our purpose in giving an account of Ye Quakers of Ye
Olden Times to make one feature of the book more prominent than
the rest. But inasmuch as the present generation knows but little
about them, it is our aim to give a brief history of their origin,
movements, doctrines and social life.

Having already given an outline of their advent into this State
and others, it now remains to notice the causes of their decline.
These are five-fold :

I. The removal of Friends to the West. This removal was it-
self the result of at least three causes. The Quakers were Teu-
tons. The old love of adventure was strong in their breasts as it
was in the breasts of those who did not accept their religious
views. The influence of this spirit in extending the area of their
settlements is acknowledged by John Churchman. John Griffith
and other traveling ministers. It was the same spirit that had led
to the discovery and settlement of America. It was an historic
force. These Quakers, all unconsciously, were carrying out the
spirit of their race. It was the same as the spirit which took the
Angles and Saxons to Britain; which drove the Franks and later
the N'ormans into Gaul; led the Ostrogoths into Italy, the Visi-
goths into Spain, and the A'andals to Africa. This was the first
heart-beat, as von EanlvO calls it. The second heart-beat leads the
descendants of these same Teutons to the Holy Land on the
Crusades; when their day was over the struggle was kept up in
Spain against the Moors ; and the discovery of America was one of
the results of the fall of Grenada. (2) Along with this historic
spirit went the economic spirit — a search for more land and better
land than was then available in the older States, for the best lands
had been exhausted by continuous croi3s, and fertilizers were not

APPENDIX. 197

extensively used. To show that these two reasons would have
led many to emigrate it is only necessary for ns to study the de-
velopment of Old England, or New England, or the Middle Colo-
nies, or the Germany of to-day. (3) It may he an open question
as to how many of these particular emigrants would have gone
West had there been no slavery in the South. But that slavery
did have an overwhelming influence in the case under discussion
no one can deny.

II. Dissensions within the Society. As we have seen, the Ilicks-
ite scliism divided and therefore weakened the Society in North-
ern Virginia.

III. Disownments for slight otfenses, like marrjdng out of
Society, and persistent efforts to force all men into the same nar-
row mould, which is so visible in the earlier records of the Society,
nave both cost it dear.

lY. Two elements have prevented the growth of the Society.
On the one hand, its extreme spirituality has been a load on the
Society. No body of Christians has come so near fulfilling, per-
haps, the injunction to worship in sjoirit and in truth as have
Friends. This deep spiritualit}' is too high for most men. Their
deficiencies must be supplied by forms and ceremonies. On the
other hand, Quakers were the radicals of the Eeformation. They
abominated above all things the forms, ceremonies and rituals of
the Eoman Church; they were equally as uncompromising with
those of the English Church. But in their very effort to escape
from the Scylla of ritualism they fell into the Charybdis of stiff-
ness and inflexibility. They developed forms and ceremonies of
their own which were no less ritualistic than those of the Eoman
Church, and which were adhered to with such tenacity that the
expression "^'rigid as a Quaker" became a by-word in the English-
speaking world. To have no forms, no rites, no symbols, no
liturgies is the root of Quaker forms. Their entire history is full
of the adoption of external signs as the witness of the ministry of
the spirit. Wearing sackcloth on the body and ashes on the head>
as was sometimes done in early times, and a difference in dress,
tell the very same story as the alb and cassock of the priest. The
use of the thee and thou, the broad-brim hat, the curved coat, the
sing-song tone of address, the wearing of hats in court, disownment
of those who marry outside of Society, all point to the same eft'ort

198 APPENDIX.

to indicate a coining out from the world. These things so utterly
insignificant by the side of the deep spirituality for which the
Society has always stood, have been abandoned to a large extent.
Quakers are not now generally knoAvn by their speech or their
dress ; but this was not the case until recent years, and the outsider,
when first coming in contact with them, experienced, in many
eases, a vague feeling of dread, and this feeling has repelled many
who might have been attracted by their spirituality and by their
strong insistence on moral character.

V. Aggressiveness of other denominations. The most careless
perusal of the journals of the traveling Friends from the time of
the Eevolution will convince the reader that Friends were being-
absorbed, as it were, slowly and imperceptibly, into the greater
body of their more aggressive and vigorous rivals, the Methodists
and Baptists. The journalists note frequently that their congre-
gations are made up principally of outsiders; when denominations
are given they are almost always Methodists and Baptists. These
attended their meetings, entertained their preachers and absorbed
their members. The completeness of this can be seen clearly in the
journal of Samuel M. Janney, who notes the fact that there had
been Friends in Culpeper, Orange and Albemarle counties, Vir-
ginia, in the closing years of the eighteenth century ; but in IS-tl-
42 they had disappeared. The Methodists had taken their place.

It is true to say that Quakerism was absorl)ed in Virginia and
North C'arolina to a great extent by the Methodists. But it would
be far from the truth to think that Quakerism thus disappeared
leaving no trace behind. The influence which it has exerted on
Southern Methodism has been veiy profound. It is probably ac-
curate to call the Methodist Church the heir of the Quakers. In-
deed it is entirely within the bounds of historical accuracy to say
that the foundations of Methodism in A^irginia and ^STorth Carolina
were laid by Edmundson and Fox rather than by Whitefield and
Eobert Williams. The beginnings of Methodism are much nearer
1673 than 1772. Methodism was a return toward the forms of
primitive Quakerism. With them, as with the Methodists a cen-
tury later, religion took the form of excessive emotion. The con-
victed sinner shook from head to foot; there were maii}^ groans
and sighs and tears; then a sudden change, with a "sweet sound of
thanksgiving and praise." In other words, the Quakerism of the

APPENDIX. 199

Eevoliitionary period was beginning to lose that aggressive and
exuberant vitality that characterized it at the time of the death of
Fox. It was sinking into that quietism which had characterized
English Friends since the beginning of the eighteenth century.
The continued enthusiasm of American Friends explains why the
system retained its aggressive vitality and grew in numbers for
almost a century after English Qxiakers had reached their maxi-
mum in numbers. When this spirit disappeared American Quak-
erism began to lose numbers relatively. The early j\Iethodists were
simply leading their Quaker hearers back to the good old days of
the past.

The relations between Southern Quakers and Southern Metho-
dists have usually been very cordial. Quakers seldom al)andon out-
right the scenes of former habitations. They have returned to
them in after years, have found few of their o^m members still
alive, but have received a warm welcome at the hands of iletho-
dists and others. Thus, although their last meeting in Pasc[uotank
county, IsT. C, was laid down in 1854, they continued to visit and
to preach among the jMethodists there for nearly a generation. In
the same way Friends left Carteret county, IST. C, for the West,
1830-40, and regular services were suspended then, but Friends
visited the section until their own meeting-house had perished from
decay. They then held meetings in private houses or in the Meth-
odist church, which was always open to them. A touching story is
told of the three or four Quaker families who still lived in the
section. One took up his residence in the meeting-house until he
could erect a dwelling, and as long as the meeting-house stood this
man and the two or three other families met regularl}^ on Wednes-
days and Sundays for silent worship.

CHAPTEE Y.

THE CREED OF THE QUAKERS.

\Aliile the religious belief of these quaint but Godly people has a
"Thus saith the Lord" to buttress it, yet there are some articles of
their faith which are so much at variance with the practices, if not
the principles, of latter day Christians, that it will be of interest
to notice them. Flence, we do so.

200 APPENDIX.

We make the following extracts from the Southern Friend, Eich-
mond, Va.. edited by John B. Crenshaw:

GKEAT TENETS OF TPIE QUAKERS.

The Quakers hold four principles, which I shall distinguish by
the name of Great Tenets. These are considered as arising out of
the implied or |30sitiYe injunctions of Christianity, and were insisted
upon as essentials on the formation of the society. The first of
these is on the sul^ject of Civil Government.

Civil Government had existed long before the appearance of
Christianity in the world. Legislators since that era, as they have
imbibed its spirit, so they have introduced this spirit more or less
into their respective codes. But no nation has ever professed to
change its system of jurisprudence, or to model it anew, in conse-
quence of the new light which Christianity has afforded; neither
have the alterations been so numerous in any nation, however high
its 23rofession of Christianity with respect to laws, as to enable us
to say that there is any government in the known world, of chris-
tian origin, or any government wholly upon the principles of the
gospel.

If all men were to become real christians, civil government would
become less necessary. As there would be then no offences, there
would be no need of magistracy or of punishment. As men would
then settle any differences between them amicably, there would be
no necessity for courts of law. As they would then never fight,
there would be no need of armies. As they would then consider
their fellow creatures as lu'ethren, they would relieve them as such,
and there would be no occasion of laws for the poor. As men would
then have more solicitude for the public good, and more large and
lil)eral notions than at any former time, they Vv'ould of themselves
conceive and raise all necessary pul^lic institutions and works.
Government then is not so necessary for real christians. It is
necessary princij)ally, as the apostle says, for evil doers. But if
it be chiefly necessary for evil doers, then governors ought to be
careful how they make laws, which may vex, harrass, and embarrass
christians, whom they will always find to be the best part of their
communities, or, in other words, how they make laws, which chris-
tians, on account of their religious scruples, cannot conscientiously
obey.

APPENDIX. 201

It is a tenet of the Quakers, on the subject of government, that
the civil magistrate has no right to interfere in religious matters,
so as either to force any particular doctrines upon men, or to liinder
them from worshiping God in their own way, provided that, by their
creeds and worship, they do no detriment to others. The Quakers
believe, however, that christian churches may admonish such mem-
bers as fall into error, and may even cut them off from membership,
but this must be done not by the temporal, but by the spiritual
sword.

This tenet the Quakers support, first, by reason. Eeligion, they
say, is a matter solely between God and man, that is, between God
and that man who worships him. This must l^e obvious, they con-
ceive, because man is not accountable to man for his religious
opinions, except he binds himself to the discipline of any religious
society but to God alone. It must be obvious again, they say, be-
cause no man can be a judge over the conscience of another. He
can know notliing of the sincerity or hypocrisy of his heart. He
can be neither an infallible judge, nor an infallible corrector of his
religious errors. "The conscience of man," says Barclay, "is the
seat and throne of God in him, of which he alone is the proper and
infallil^le judge, who, by his power and spirit, can rectify its mis-
takes.'' It must be obvious again, they say, from the consideration
that, if it were even possible for one man to discern the conscience
of another, it is impossible for him to bend or control it. But con-
science is placed both out of his sight and of his reach. It is neither
visible nor tangible. It is inaccessible l^y stripes or torments.
Thus, while the body is in bondage, on account of the religion of the
soul, the soul itself is free, and, wliile it suffers under torture, it
enjoys the divinity, and feels felicity in his presence. But if all
these things are so, it cannot be within the province either of in-
dividual magistrates or of governments, consisting of fallible men,
to fetter the consciences of those who may live under tliem. And
any attempt to this end is considered by the Quakers as a direct
usurpation of the j^rerogative of God.

This tenet the Quakers adopt again on a contemplation of the
conduct and doctrines of Jesus Christ and of his apostles. They
find nothing in these v/hich can give the least handle to any man
to use force in the religious concerns of another. During the life
of Jesus Christ upon earth, it is no where recorded of him that he

202 APPENDIX.

censured an}- man for his religion. It is true that he reproved the
Scribes and Pharisees, but tliis was on account of their liypocrisy,
because they pretended to be wliat they were not. But lie no where
condemned the devout Jew, who was sincere in his faith. But if
he be found no where to have censured another for a difference in
religious opinions, much less was it ever said of him that he forced
him to the adoption of his own. In the memorable instance, where
James and John were willing to have called lire from Heaven, to
burn those who refused to receive him, he rebuked them by an assur-
ance that ^'they knew not what spirit they were of." And, with
respect to his doctrines, nothing can be more full to the point than
his saying, that ''his kingdom was not of this world," by which he
meant that his dominion was wholly of a spiritual nature, and that
men must cast off all worldly imaginations, and become spiritually
minded, before they could belong to him. But no application of
outward force, in the opinion of the Quakers, can thus alter the
internal man. jSTor can even the creeds and doctrines of others
produce this effect, except they become sanctioned by the divine
influence on the heart.

Neither is it recorded of any of the apostles, that they used any
other weapons than those of persuasion and the power of God in the
propagation of their doctrines, leaving such as did not choose to
follow them to their own way. They were explicit also in stating
the spiritual nature of Christ's kingdom, from whence an inference
similar to the former is deducible, namely, that no compulsory
interference can be effectual in matters of religion. And St. Paul
in particular, tells the Corinthians, that, in his spiritual services
to them, he does not consider himself "as having any dominion over
their faith, but as helpers of their joy.

Bu.t if neither Jesus Christ, who was the author of that religion
which many civil governments have established, nor the apostles,
who afterwards propagated it, forced their doctrines upon other
men, or hindered them by force from worshipping in their own way,
even though the former could have called legions of angels to his
support, it certainly does not become weak, ignorant, and infallible
men, because they are placed in the situation of governors, to set
up their own creeds as supreme, and to throw penalties and restric-
tions in the way of the religious exercise of others.

But if governors, contrary to the example of Jesus Christ and of

APPEXDIX, 203

his apostles, should interfere in religious matters, and impose laws
upon the governed, of which, as christians, they cannot Imt dis-
approve, then the Quakers are of opinion that the governed ought
always to obey the laws of Jesus Christ, rather than the laws of any
governors, who are only men. Thus when Peter and John were
commanded by the rulers of the Jews to speak no more in the name
of Jesus, they dared not yield obedience to their commands, reason-
ing thus, "Wliether it be right in the sight of God to hearken unto
you more than unto God, judge ye."'

And as the governed in such case ought, in obedience to God, the
Supreme Euler of the Universe, and the King of Kings, to refuse
a compliance with the laws of their own governors, so they ought
to be prepared patiently to submit to the penalties which are
annexed to such refusal, and on no account, if just representations
made in the meek and quite spirit of their religion, are not likely to
be effectual, to take up arms or resist them by force. And this
doctrine they ground, first, on the principle that it is not only more
noble, but more consistent with their duties as christians, to suffer,
than to give growth to the passions of revenge, or by open resistance
to become the occasion of loss of life to others. And, secondly, on
the example of Jesus Christ, and of the apostles and primitive
christians, all of whom patiently submitted to the pains and penal-
ties inflicted upon them by the governments of their respective
times for the exercise of their religion.

A second tenet, which the Quakers hold, is, that it is unlawful for
christians to take a civil oath.

Many and grievous were the sufferings of he Quakers, in the
early part of their histor}', on account of their refusing to swear
before the civil magistrate. They were insulted, fined, and im-
prisoned. Some of the judges too indulged a rancour against them
on this account, unworthy of their high office, which prescribed
justice impartially to all. For when they could not convict them of
the offences laid to their charge, the)^ administered to them the oath
of allegiance, knowing that they would not take it, and that con-
fiscation of property and imprisonment would ensue. But neither
ill usage, nor imprisonment, nor loss of property, ever made any
impression upon the Quakers, so as to induce them to swear in
judicial cases, and they continued to suffer till the legislature, tired
out with the cries of their oppression, decreed, that their affirmation

204 APPENDIX.

slioulcl in all eases except criminal, or in that of serving upon juries,
or in that of qualifications for posts of honor or emolument under
government, be received as equivalent to their oath. And this
indulgence towards them is continued to them by law to the pres-
ent day.

The Quakers have an objection to oaths, as solemn appeals to
God, because they are unnecessar3^

It is an old saying among the Quaker writers, that "truth was
before all oaths." By this they mean, there was a time when men's
words were received as truths, without the intervention of an oath.
Ancient fable, indeed, tells us that there were no oaths in the
golden age, but that, when men departed from their primitive sim-
plicity, and began to quarrel with one another, they had recourse
to falsehood to substantiate their own case, after which it became
necessary that some expedient should be devised, in the case of
disputes, for the ascertaining the truth. Hence Hesiod makes the
god of oaths the son of Eris or of contention. This account differs
but little from that of Polybius, who says, that the use of oaths in
judgment was rare among the ancients, but that, as perfidy grew,
oaths increased.

And as it is a saying of the Quakers that truth "was before all
oaths," so they believe that truth would be spoken if oaths were done
away with. Thus, that which is called honor by the world will bind
men to the truth, who perhaps know but little of religion. But if
so, then he, who makes Christianity his guide, will not be found
knowingly in a falsehood, though he be deprived of the opportunity
of swearing.

But if it be true, that truth existed before the invention of
oaths, and that truth would still be spoken, even if all oaths were
abolished, then the Q.uakers say, that oaths are not so necessary as
some have imagined, because they have but a secondary efliect in the
production of the truth. This conclusion they consider also as the
result of reason. For good men will speak truth without an oath,
and bad men will hardly be influenced by one. And where oaths
are regarded, it is probable that truth is forced out of men, not so
much because they consider them as solemn appeals to God, as that
they consider the penalties, which will follow their violation ; so that
a simple affirmation, under the same pains and penalties, would
be equally productive of the truth.

APPENDIX. 205

The Quakers consider oaths again as verj- injurious to morality.
For, first, they conceive it to he great presumption in men to sum-
mon God as a witness in their trifling and earthly concerns.

They believe, secondly, that if men accustom themselves to call
upon God on civil occasions, they render his name so familiar to
them that they are likely to lose the reverence due to it, or so to
blend religious with secular considerations, that they become in
danger of losing sight of the dignity, solemnity and awfulness of
devotion. And it is not an unusual remark, that persons most
accustomed to oaths, are the most likely to perjury. A custom
house oath has become proverbial in our own country. I do not
mean by this to accuse mercantile men in particular, but to state
it as a received opinion, that, where men make solemn things
familiar, there is danger of their moral degradation. Hence the
Quakers consider the common administration of oaths to have a
tendency that is injurious to the moral interests of men.

This notion relative to the bad tendency of oaths, the Quakers
state to have prevailed even in the Gentile world. As heathen
philosophy became pure, it branded the system of swearing as per-
nicious to morals. It was the practice of the Persians to give each
other their right hand as a token of their speaking the truth. He
who gave his hand deceitfully, was accounted more detestable than
if he had sworn. The Sc3'thians, in their conference with Alex-
ander the Great, addressed him thus : "Think not that the Scythians
confirm their friendship by an oath. They swear by keeping their
word." The Phrygians were wholly against oaths. They neither
took them themselves, nor required them of others. Among the
proverbs of the Arabs this was a celebrated one, "Xever swear, but
let thy word be yes or no." So religious was Hercules, says Plu-
tarch, that he never swore but once. Clinias, a Greek philosopher
and a scholar of Pythagoras, is said to have dreaded an oath so
much, that, when by swearing he could have escaped a fine of three
talents, he chose rather to pay the money than do it, though he was
to have sworn nothing but the truth. Indeed, throughout all
Greece the system of swearing was considered as of the most im-
moral tendenc}'', the very word, which signified "perjured," in the
Greek language meaning, when analysed, "he that adds oath to
oath," or "the taker of many oaths."

206 APPiiNDIX.

But, above all, the Quakers consider oaths as unlawful for chris-
tians, having been positively forbidden by Jesus Christ.

The words, in which they conceived this prohilntion to have been
contained, they take from the sermon on the Mount.

"Again, ye have heard, that it hath been said by them of old
time. Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the
Lord thine oaths."

"But I say unto you, swear not at all, neither by heaven, because
it is God's throne."

"i^or by the earth, for it is his footstool : neither by Jerusalem.
for it is the city of the great King."

"Neither shalt thou swear l)y thy head, because thou canst not
make one hair white or black."

"But let your communication be yea, yea; nay, nay: for what-
soever is more than this cometh of evil."

The next of the great tenets which the Quakers hold, is on the
subject of war. They believe it unlawful for christians to engage
in the profession of arms or indeed to bear arms under any circum-
stances of hostility whatever. Hence there is no such character as
that of a Quaker soldier. A Quaker is always able to avoid the
regular army, because the circumstances of entering into it is a mat-
ter of choice. But where he has no such choice, as is the case in
the militia, he either submits, if he has property, to distraints upon
it, or, if he has not, to prison.

The Quakers ground the illicitness of war on several passages,
which are to be found in the ^ew Testament. I shall not quote
all the texts they bring forward, but shall make a selection of them
on this occasion.

Jesus Christ, in the famous sermon which he preaclied upon the
mount, took occasion to mention specifically some of the precepts of
the Jewish law, and to inform his hearers that he expected of those,
who were to be his true disciples, that they would carry these to a
much higher extent in their practice under the new dispensation,
which he was then affording them. Christianity required a greater
perfection of the human character than under the law. Men were
not only not to kill, but not even to cherish the passion of revenge.
And "whereas it was said of old, an eye for an eye, and a tooth for
a tooth, I say unto you, says Christ, that ye resist not evil : but who-
soever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other

APPENDIX. 20T

also. And farther on in the same chapter, he sa3's, "Ye have heard
that it hath been said. Thou shalt love thy neighbor, and hate thine
enemy: But I say unto you, love your enemies, bless them that
curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them that
despitefully use you and persecute you. For if ye love them which
love you, what reward have you? do not even the Publicans the
same? Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in
heaven is perfect." Xow the Quakers are of opinion that no man
can receive this doctrine in his heart and assist either ofEensively
or defensively in the operations of war.

Other passages, quoted by the Quakers in favor of their tenet on
war, are taken from the apostles Paul and James conjointly.

The former, in his second epistle to the Corinthians, says, "For
though we walk in the flesh, we do not war after the flesh : For the
weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God
to the pulling down of strong holds, to the casting down imagina-
tions, and every high thing that exalteth itself against the know-
ledge of God, and bringing into captivity ever}' thought to the
obedience of Christ." From hence the Quakers argue that the war-
fare of Christianity, or that which Christianity recognizes, is not
carnal, but spiritual, and that it consists in the destruction of the
evil imaginations, or of the evil lusts and passions of men. That
is no man can be a true soldier of Christ unless his lusts are sub-
dued, or unless the carnal be done away by the spiritual mind.
ISTow this position having been laid down by St. Paul, or the position
having been established in christian morals, that a state of subju-
gated passions is one of the great characteristic marks of a true
christian, the Quakers draw a conclusion from it by the help of the
words of St. James. This apostle, in his letter to the dispersed
tribes, which were often at war with each other, as well as with the
Eomans, says, "From whence come wars and fightings among you ?
Come they not hence even of your lusts that war in your members ?"
But if wars come from the lusts of men, then the Quakers say that
those who have subdued their lusts can no longer engage in them
or in other words, that true christians, being persons of this descrip-
tion, or being such, according to St. Paul, as are redeemed out of
what St. James calls the ver}^ grounds and occasions of wars, can no
longer fight. And as this proposition is true in itself, so the Quak-
ers conceive the converse of it to be true also ; for if there are per-

208 APPENDIX.

sons, on the other hand, who deliberately engage in the wars and
fightings of the world, it is a proof that their lusts are not yet sub-
jugated, or that, though they may be nominal, they are not yet
arrived at the stature of true or of full grown christians.

A tliird quotation, made by the Quakers, is taken from St. Paul
exclusively. ''Xow if any man have not the spirit of Christ, he
is none of his." That is, if men have not the same disposition
which Jesus Christ manifested in the different situations of his life,
the same spirit of humility and forbearance, and of love, and of for-
giveness of injuries, or if they do not follow liim as a pattern, or if
they do not act as he would have done on any similar occasion, they
are not christians. ISTow they conceive, knowing what the spirit
of Jesus was by those things which have been recorded of him, that
he could never have been induced or compelled, by any earthly con-
sideration or power, to have engaged in the wars of the world.
They are aware that his mission. Avliich it became him to fulfil, and
which engrossed all his time, would not have allowed him the oppor-
tunity of a military life. But they believe, independently of this,
that the spirit which he manifested upon earth would have been
of itself a sufficient bar to such an employment. This they judge
from liis opinions and his precepts. For how could he have taken
up arms to fight, who enjoined in the new dispensation that men
were not to resist evil; that they were to love their enemies, that
they were to bless those who cursed them, and to do good to those
who hated them? This they judge also from his practice. For
how could he have lifted up his arm against another, who. "when he
was reviled, reviled not again ;" and who, in his very agony upon the
cross, prayed for his persecutors, saying, "Father, forgive them, for
they know not what they do.^' But if Jesus Christ could not have
been induced or compelled to have engaged in a profession which
would have subjected him to take away the life of another, so
neither can any christian, "for if a man have not the spirit of
Christ, he is none of his."

An amusing as well as interesting story, which has a bearing
upon tliis tenet, is told of a minister among Friends of more recent
date, in a volume entitled "Southern Heroes."

Owing to his popularity and activity in the temperance work, Eli
Jones was elected by a large majority to the State Legislature of
Maine, in 1854. The election was very unexpected to him, as he had
not sought the ^jlace; but having been chosen largely on account of

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APPENDIX. 209

his temperance principles^, he said he would see what he could do
"to help put new teeth into the old law," and much credit is due to
him for the existence of the "Maine Liquor Law."

\A'Tien the time came to be sworn in as a member of the House,
Eli Jones alone kept his seat while the others swore to do their
duty. Then he arose and "affirmed" to the governor that he would
faithfully perform the duties of his office.

Although he worked on important committees and was diligent
in other duties of his office, he never addressed the House. Some
of the members who knew his ability arranged a plan to call forth
a speech from him. In the course of the session it became neces-
sary to appoint a Major-General to the second division of the
Maine militia. In 1838, Maine had undertaken by force of arms
to assert her right to a region near her northern boundary, claimed
by both her and Canada. There was much mustering of troops at
the capital, and fully ten thousand soldiers marched through the
deep snow and fierce cold to drive the enemy from Aroostook
County. Though they were brave and ready for battle, happily no
blood was shed, and peace was wisely made. But the "Aroostook
AVar" became famous as a sul^ject of banter, and many jokes were
made at the expense of the officers. The old nursery rhyme was
c|uoted :

"The King of France, with twice ten thousand men.
Marched up the hill, and then — marched down again."

Primarily for these tvv^o reasons — to urge Eli Jones to his feet,
and to joke the former officers by appointing a Quaker, an avowed
l^eace advocate — he was unanimously chosen to fill the vacancy of
Major-General.

The nomination was so entirely unexpected by Eli Jones that he
was at first per]3lexed by the situation. He saw that much was at
stake, and that wisdom and caution were needed. Having his
horse at Augusta, he drove that night to his home at Dirigo, fifteen
miles away, chiefly, perhaps, to discuss the situation with his be-
loved Sibyl and the Friends most suitable for counsel. After talk-
ing far into the night with his brother-in-law, James Van Blarcom,
he walked the floor alone until the new day was dawning.

Upon reaching Augusta again, he found the occasion far more
important than he had anticipated. The news had spread that the
Quaker was to speak in regard to his appointment, and the Hall

210 APPENDIX.

of the EejDresentatives was crowded. Not only were most of the
memhers of the Senate j^resent, but many other citizens. The sub-
ject of the appointment was introduced, and Eli Jones spoke in
substance as follows :

"Whatever my amlntions may have been in times past, my aspira-
tions have never embraced such an office as this as an object of
desire. I can assure the House that my election as Major-General
was an honor wholly unexpected. It is true that when the gov-
ernor announced to the House the existence of the vacancy, a mem-
ber privately remarked to me, 'I shall vote for you;' but I replied,
declining the honor, and ^^roposed to return the compliment.

"To my mind there is something ominous in this occurrence.
I regard it as one of the developments of the times. Who of us,
when assembled ten years ago, in quiet and retired places, to affix
our sig-natures to pledges of abstinence from intoxicating drinks,
would have believed that in 1855 we should be elected to the seats
we now occupy, amid the overwhelming rejoicings of the people,
and pledged to support the Maine Law? Who that at that time
had visited the plantations of the South and seen the slave toiling
under the lash of the taskmaster, would have believed that in 1855
the people of the larger portion of this gi*eat land would have
roused with stern determination to subdue the encroachments of
the slave power, and have pledged themselves never to cease their
labors until the wrongs of slavery should be ameliorated — nay,
more, until slavery itself should be abolished?

"Still more wonderful! "\Mio would have believed that the State
of Maine, which a few years since gloried in an Aroostook ex]3e-
dition, and was noisy with military training and the noise of arms,
would, in 1855, exhibit the spectacle of a peaceable memljer of
the Society of Friends being elected to the post of Major-General
of a division of the militia, and that. too. by the representatives in
their legislative capacity?

"But I have endeavored to regulate my own conduct by the
principle that legislation should not go very far in advance of pub-
lic sentiment, and it seems to me that this election may possibly
be ahead of that sentiment. I therefore submit this suggestion
in all candor.

"It is generally understood that I entertain peculiar views in
respect to the policy of war. If, however, I am an exponent of the

APPENDIX. 211

views of the Legislature on that subject, I will cheerfully under-
take to serve the State in the capacity indicated. With much
pleasure I shall stand before the militia of the second division and
give such orders as I think best. The first would be, 'Ground
arms.' The second would be. "^Eight a1)0ut face; beat your swords
into plowshares and your spears into pruning-hooks, and learn war
no more." I should then dismiss every man to his farm and to
his merchandise, with an admonition to read daily at his fireside
the Xew Testament, and ponder upon its tidings of 'Peace on earth,
good will toward men.'

"If. on the other hand, it should be determined that my election
is a little in advance of the times, I am willing, as a good citizen,
to bow to the majesty of the law, and, as a member of the Legisla-
ture, to consult its dignity and decline the exalted position ten-
dered me by the House — and I will now decline it. With pleasure
I now surrender to the House this trust and the honor, and retire
to private life."

This speech was delivered amid interruptions of loud applause,
and made a great sensation throughout the State ; and not in Maine
only, but it was commented on by many of the newspapers, and
appeared in the columns of Engli.sh journals.

The fourth and last tenet of the Quakers is on the subject of the
unlawfulness of a pecuniary maintenance of a gospel ministry.

In explaining this tenet, I am aware that I am treading upon
delicate ground. The great majority of christians have determined
that the spiritual laborer is worthy of his hire; that if men re-
linquish the usual occupations by which a livelihood is obtained,
in order that they may devote themse],ves to the service of religion,
they are entitled to a pecuniar}^ maintenance ; and that, if they pro-
duce a rich harvest from what they sow, they are of all men, con-
sidering their usefulness to man to be greater in this than in any
other service they can render him, the most worthy of encourage-
ment and support. I am aware also of the possibility of giving
offence to some in the course of the explanation of this tenet. To
these I can only say, that I have no intention of hurting the feel-
ings of any ; that in the church there are those whom I esteem and
love, and whom of all others I should be sorry to offend. But it
must be obvious to these, and indeed to all, that it is impossible for
me in writing a history of the manners and opinions of the Quak-

212 APPENDIX.

ers, to pass over in silence the tenet that is now before me; faid if
I notice it, the}^ must be sensible that it becomes me to state fully
and fairly all the arguments which the Quakers give for the differ-
ence of opinion, which they manifest from the rest of their fellow
citizens, on this su])ject.

It does not appear then, the Quakers say, by any records that can
be produced, that Jesus Christ ever received any payment for the
doctrines which he taught, neither does it appear, as far as his own
instructions, wliich are recorded by the evangelists, can be collected
on this subject, that he considered any pecuniary stipend as
necessary or proper for those who are to assist in the promotion
of his religion.

Jesus Christ, on the erection of his gospel ministry, gave rules
to his disciples how they were to conduct themselves in the case
before us. He enjoined the twelve, before he sent them on this
errand, as we collect from St. ]\Iatthew and St. Luke, that, '"'as they
had received freely, so they were to give freely; that they were to
j)rovide neither gold, nor silver, nor brass in their jDurses, nor scrip,
nor other things for their journey; for the workman Avas worthy
of Ms meat.'' And, on their return from their mission, he asked
them, "When I sent you without purse, and scrip, and shoes, lacked
ye anything? And they said nothing. Then said he unto them.
But now he that hath a purse let him take it, and likcu'ise his
scrip."

In a little time afterwards, Jesus Christ sent out other seventy
as disciples, to whom he gave instructions similar to the former,
that they should not take scrip, clothes, and money with them.
But to these he said additionally, that wheresoever they were re-
ceived, they were to eat such things as were given them ; but where
the}'' were not received, the}^ were to go their way, and sa}^, Even the
dust of your city, which cleaveth on us. we do wipe off against you."
And as on that occasion he compared the ministers of his gospel
to the laborers, whom a man sends to the harvest, he told them they
were at liberty to eat what was set before them, because the laborer
was worthy of his hire.

This the Quakers conceive to be the substance of all that Jesus
Christ taught upon this subject. They go therefore next to St.
Paul for a farther elucidation of it.

They are of opinion that St. Paul, in his epistle to Timothy, and

APPENDIX. 213

to the Corinthians, and Galatians, ackno'^ledges the jDOsition, that
the spiritual laborer is worthy of his liire.

The same apostle, however, sa3's, "that if any would not work,
neither should he eat/' From this text the Quakers draw two con-
clusions, first, that when ministers of the gospel are idle, they are
not entitled to bodily sustenance; and, secondly, that those only
who receive them are expected to support them. The same apostle
says also, "Let him that is taught in the word communicate unto
him that teacheth in all good things,"' but he no where says, "to him
that teacheth not."

But though men, who faithfully spend their time in preaching
the gospel, are entitled to bodily maintenance from those who re-
ceive them, yet St. Paul, the Quakers say, as far as his own practice
was concerned, thought it more consistent with the spirit of Chris-
tianity, and less detrimental to its interests to support himself by
the labor of his own hands, than to be supported by that of others.
And he advises others to do the same, and not to make their preach-
ing chargeable, "not because, says he, we have not power, but to
make ourselves an ensample to you to follow us."

This power the Quakers consider ministers of the gospel to abuse,
who make their preaching chargeable, if by any means they can sup-
port themselves; for St. Paul says farther, "what is my reward
then? Yerily that, when I preach the gospel, I may make the
gospel of Christ without charge, that I abuse not my power in the
gospel." Thus the apostle, they conceive, looks up to God and not
to men for the reward of his spiritual labors. And the same apostle
makes it a characteristic of the false teachers, that they make mer-
chandize of their hearers.

It is objected to the Quakers on this occasion, that St. Paul re-
ceived relief from the brethren at Philippi, as well as from others,
when he did not preach. But their reply is, that this relief con-
sisted of voluntar}- and affectionate presents sent to him in circum-
stances of distress. In this case the apostle states, that he never
desired these gifts, but that it was pleasant to him to see Ms relig-
ious instruction produce a benevolence of disposition that would
abound to their account.

St. Peter is the only other person who is mentioned in the Xew
Testament as speaking on this subject. Writing to those who had
been called to the spiritual oversight of the churches, he advises as

214 APPENDIX.

follows : "Feed the flock of God, which is among you, taking the
oversight thereof not by constraint but willing!}^, not for filthy
lucre, but of a ready mind, neither as being lords over God's herit-
age, but being examples to the flock. And when the chief Shepherd
shall appear, ye shall receive a crown of glory that fadeth not away."
Upon these words the Quakers make three observations : that min-
isters should not make a gain of the gospel; that they should look
to God for their reward, and not to men; and that Peter himself
must have preached like St. Paul, without fee or reward, or he
could not consistently have recommended such a practice to others."

We may add here that the denomination kno^^^l among us today
as Primitive Baptists hold to the same tenet as the Quakers in
respect to paying preachers a stated salary.

These four tenets it may be remarked are the causes why Quak-
ers have been so bitterly and relentlessly persecuted. There are
two great motives which influence unregenerate man more than
aught else. They are "interest" and "appetite." Quakerism as-
sailed l^oth and persecution was inevitable.

CHAPTER AH.

THE DRESS OF THE QUAKERS.

We shall now see why the Quakers are considered quaint. Vol-
taire says, "Dress changes the manners," to which the Quakers make
answer that Regeneration changes the dress, that of a savage into
one of decency, that of a christian into one of simplicity.

Quoting from the same volume, the author has this to say :

I have now explained, in a very ample manner, the moral educa-
tion and discipline of the Quakers. I shall proceed to the explana-
tion of such customs as seem peculiar to them as a society of chris-
tians.

The dress of the Quakers is the first custom of this nature that I
propose to notice. They stand distinguished by means of it from
all other religious bodies. The men wear neither lace, frills, ruffles,
swords, nor any of the ornaments used by the fashionable world.
The women wear neither lace, flounces, lappets, rings, bracelets.

APPENDIX. 215

necklaces, ear rings, nor an}i;hing belonging to this class. Both
sexes are also particular in the choice of the color of their clothes.
All ga}^ colors such as red, blue, green, and yellow, are exploded.
Dressing in this manner, a Quaker is known by his apparel through
the whole kingdom. This is not the case with any other individuals
of the island, except the clergy ; and these, in consequence of black
garments worn by persons on account of the death of their rela-
tions, are not always distinguished from others.

I know of no custom among the Quakers which has more excited
the curiosity of the world, than this of their dress, and none in
which they have been more mistaken in their conjectures concern-
ing it.

In the early times of the English history, dress had been fre-
quently restricted by the government. Persons of a certain rank
and fortune were permitted to wear only clothing of a certain kind.
But these restrictions and distinctions were gradually broken down,
and people, as they were able and willing, launched out into unlim-
ited extravagance in their dress. The fifteenth and sixteenth cen-
turies, and down from thence to the time when the Quakers first
appeared, were periods particularly noticed for prodigality in the
use of apparel, there was nothing too expensive or too preposterous
to be worn. Our ancestors, also, to use an ancient quotation, ''were
never constant to one color or fashion two months to an end." We
can have no idea by the present generation, of the folly in such
respects, of these early ages. But these follies were not confined
to the laity. Affectation of parade, and gaudy clothing, were ad-
mitted among many of the clergy, who incurred the severest invec-
tives of the poets on that account. The ploughman, in Chaucer's
Canterbury Tales, is full upon this point. He gives us the follow-
ing description of a priest :

"That hye on horse wylleth to ride.
In glytter ande gold of great arraye,
'I painted and pertred all in pryde,
No common knyght may go so gaye;
Chaunge of clothying every daye.
With golden gyrdles great and small,
As boysterous as is here at baye;
All suche falshed mote nede fall.''

216 APPENDIX.

To tMs he adds, that many of them had more than one or two
mitres, embellished with pearls, like the head of a queen, and a staff
of gold set with jewels, as heavy as lead. He then sjjeaks of their
appearing out of doors with broad bucklers and long swords, or with
baldries about their necks, instead of stoles, to which their basel-
lards were attached.

"Bucklers brode and sweardes longe,
Baudryke with baselards kene."

He then accuses them of wearing gay gowns of scarlet and green
colors, ornamented with cut work, and for the long pykes upon their
shoes.

But so late as the year 1652 we have the following anecdote of
the whimsical dress of a clergyman. John Owen, Dean of Christ
church, and vice-chancellor, of Oxford, is represented as w^earing
a lawn band, as having his hair powdered and his hat curiously
cocked. He is discribed also as w^earing Spanish leather boots with
lawn tojDS, and snake bone band strings, with large tassels, and a
large set of ribbands, pointed at his knees with points or tags at
the end. And much about the same time, wdien Charles the second
was at JSTewmarket, Nathaniel Vincent, doctor of divinity, fellow of
Clarehall, and chaplain in ordinary to his majesty, preached before
him. But the king was so displeased with, the foppery of this
preachers dress, that he commanded the duke of Momno^ith, then
chancellor of the university, to cause the statutes concerning
decency of apparel among the clergy to be put into execution, which
was accordingly done. These instances are sufficient to show that
the taste for preposterous and extravagant dress must have operated
like a contagion in those times, or the clergy w^ould scarcely have
dressed themselves in this ridiculous and censurable manner.

But although this extravagance was found among many orders
of society at the time of the appearance of George Fox, yet many
individuals had set their faces against the fashions of the world.
These consisted principally of religious joeople of different denomi-
nations, most of w^hom were in the middle classes of life. Such
persons were found in plain and simple habits notwithstanding the
contagion of the example of their superiors in rank. The men of
this description generally wore plain round hats with common
crowns. They had discarded the sugar-loaf-hat, and the hat turned

APPENDIX. 217

Tip with a silver clasp on one side, as well as all ornaments belong-
ing to it. snch as pictures, feathers, and bands of various colors.
They had adopted a plain suit of clothes. They wore cloaks, when
necessar}-, over these. But both the clothes and the cloaks were of
the same color. The color of each of them were either drab or gray.
Other people who followed the fashions, wore white, red, green,
yellow, violet, scarlet and other colors, which were expensive, be-
cause they were principally dyed in foreign parts. The drab con-
sisted of the white wool undyed, and the grey of the white wool
mixed with black, which was undyed also. These colors were then
the colors of the clothes, because they were the least expensive, of
the peasants of England, as they are now of those of Portugal and
Spain. They had discarded also, all ornaments, such as of lace, or
bunches of ribands at the knees, and their buttons were generally
of alchymy, as tliis composition was then termed, or of the same
color as their clothes.

The grave and religious women also, like the men, had avoided
the fashions of their times. These had adopted the cap and the
black hood for their head-dress. The black hood had been long the
distingTiishing mark of a grave matron. All prostitutes, so early as
Edward the third, had been forbidden to wear it. In after times
it was celebrated by the epithet of venerable by the poets, and had
been introduced by painters as the representative of virtue. 'W'lien
fashionable women had discarded it, which was the case in George
Fox's time, the more sober, on account of these ancient marks of its
sanctity, had retained it, and it was then common among them.
"With respect to the hair of grave and sober women in those days,
it was worn plain, and covered occasionally by a plain hat or bonnet.
They had avoided by this choice those preposterous head dresses and
bonnets, which none but those who have seen paintings of them,
could believe ever to have been worn. They admitted none of the
large ruffs, that were then in use, but chose the plain handkerchief
for their necks, differing from those of others, which had rich point
and curious lace. They rejected the crimson satin doublet with
black velvet skirts, and contented themselves with a plain gown,
generally of stuff, and of a drab, or grey, or buff, or buffin color, as
it was called, and faced with buckram. These colors, as I observed
before, were the colors worn by country people; and were not ex-
pensive, because they were not dyed. To this gown was added a

218 APPENDIX.

green apron. Green aprons had been long worn in England, yet
at the time I allude to, they were out of fashion, so as to be ridi-
culed by the gay. But old fashioned people still retained them.
Thus an idea of gravity was connected with them; and therefore
religious and steady women adopted them as the grave and sober
garments of ancient tunes.

It may now be observed that from these religious persons, habited
in this manner, in opposition to the fashions of the world, the j^rim-
itive Quakers generally sprung. George Fox himself wore the plain
grey coat that has been noticed, with alchymy buttons, and a plain
leather girdle about his waist. When the Quakers therefore first
met in religious union they met in these simple clothes. They
made no alteration in their dress on account of their new religion.
They prescribed no form or color as distinguishing marks of their
sect, but they carried with them the plain habits of their ancestors
into the new society, as the habits of the grave and sober people of
their own times.

CHAPTER YII.

THEIR FORMS OF SPEECH.

Another peculiarity of the Quakers is their language, especially in
regard to the pronoun "thou.'' That our readers may fully under-
stand why they use this form of speech, Ave again quote from the
same lucid author.

As the Quakers are distinguishable from their fellow-citizens by
their dress, as was amply shown in a former chapter, so they are no
less distingTiishable from them by the peculiarities of their
language.

George Fox seemed to look at every custom with the eye of a
reformer. The language of the country, as used in his own times,
struck him as having many censurable defects. Many of the ex-
pressions, then in use, appeared to him to contain gross flattery,
others to be idolatrous, others to be false representatives of the
ideas they were intended to convey. Xow he considered that Chris-
tianity required truth, and he believed therefore that he and his
followers, who professed to be christians in word and deed, and to
follow the christian pattern in all things, as far as it could be found,
were called upon to depart from all censurable modes of speech.

APPENDIX. 219

as much as the}^ were from any of the customs of the world, which
Christianity had deemed objectionahle. And so weighty did these
improjDrieties in his own language lie upon his mind, that he con-
ceived himself to have had an especial commission to correct them.

The first alteration, which he adopted, was the use of the pro-
noun thou. The pronoun you. which grammarians had fixed to be
of the plural number, was then occasionally used, but less than it
is now, in addressing an individual. George Fox therefore adopted
thou in its place on this occasion, leaving the word you to be used
only where two or more individuals were addressed.

George Fox however was not the first of the religious writers,
who had noticed the improper use of the pronoun you. Erasmus
employed a treatise in showing the propriety of thou when ad-
dressed to a single person, and in ridiculing the use of you on the
same occasion. Martin Luther also took great pains to expunge
the word you from the station which it occupied, and to put thou in
its place. In his Ludus, he ridiculed the use of the former by the
following invented sentence, "Magister, Yosestis iratus ?*' This is as
absurd, as if he had said in English, "Gentlemen, art thou angry."

But though George Fox was not the first to recommend the sub-
stitution of thou for you, he was the first to reduce this amended
use of it to practice. This he did in his own person, wherever he
went, and in all the works which he published. All his followers
did the same. And, from his time to the present, the joronoun
thou has come down so prominent in the speech of the society, that
a Quaker is generally known by it at the present day.

The reader would hardly believe, if historical facts did not prove
it, how much noise the introduction or rather the amended use of
this little particle, as reduced to practice by George Fox, made in
the world, and how much ill usage it occasioned the early Quakers.
Many magistrates, before whom they were carried in the early times
of their institution, occasioned their sufi^erings to be greater merely
on this account. They were often abused and beaten by others,
and sometimes put in danger of their lives. It was a common ques-
tion put to a Quaker in those days, who addressed a great man in
this new and simple manner, "why you ill bred clown do you thou
me?'' The rich and mighty of those times thought themselves
degraded by this mode of address, as reducing them from a plural
magnitude to a singular, or individual^ or simple station of life.

220 APPENDIX.

^'Tlie use of thou/" says George Fox, "was a sore cut to the proud
flesh, and those who sought self-honor."

George Fox, finding that both he and his followers were thus
subject to much persecution on this account, thought it right the
world should know, that, in using this little particle which had
given so much offence, the Quakers were only doing what every'
grammarian ought to do, if he followed his own rules. Accord-
ingly a Quaker-work was produced, which was written to show
that in all languages thou was the proper and usual form of speech
to a single f)erson, and you to more than one. This was exemplified
by instances taken out of the scriptures, and out of books of teach-
ing in about thirty languages. Two Quakers of the names of
John Stubbs and Benjamin Furley, took great pains in compiling
it; and some additions were made to it by George Fox himself,
who was then a prisoner in Lancaster castle.

This work, as soon as it was published, was presented to King
Charles the second, and to his council. Copies of it were also sent
to the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of London, and to each
of the universities. The King delivered his sentiments upon it
so far as to say, that thou was undoubtedly the proper langaiage
of all nations. The Archbishop of Canterbury, when he was asked
Avhat he thought of it, is described to have been so much
at a stand, that he could not tell what to say. The book
was afterwards bought by many. It is said to have spread con-
viction wherever it went. Hence it had the effect of lessening the
prejudices of some, so that the Quakers were never afterwards
treated, on this account, in the same rugged manner as they had
been before.

But though this book procured the Quakers an amelioration of
treatment on the amended use of the expression thou, there were
individuals in the society who thought they ought to put their
defence on a better foundation, by stating all the reasons, for there
were many besides those in this book, which had induced them to
differ from their fellow citizens on this subject. This was done
both by Eobert Barclay and William Penn in works, which de-
fended other principles of the Quakers, and other peculiarities in
their language.

One of the arguments, by which the use of the pronoun thou was
defended, was the same as that on which it had been defended by

APPENDIX. 221

Stubbs and Fiirley, that is, its strict conformity with grammar.
The translators of the Bible had invariably used it. The liturg}^
had been compiled on the same j)rinciple. All addresses made by
English christians in their private prayers to the Supreme Being,
were made in the language of thou, and not of you. And this was
done because the rules of the English grammar warranted the ex-
pression, and because any other mode of expression would have been
a violation of these rules.

But the great argument (to omit all others) which Penn and
Barclay insisted upon for the change of you, was that the pronoun
thou, in addressing an individual, had been anciently in u.se, but
that it had been deserted for you for no other purpose than that of
flattery to men ; and that this dereliction of it was growing greater
and greater, iipon the same principle, in their own times. Hence
as christians, who were not to puff up the fleshly creature, it became
them to return to the ancient and granunatical use of the pronoun
thou, and to reject this growing fashion of the world. "The word
you," says William Penn, "was first ascribed in the way of flatter}^,
to proud Popes and Emperors, imitating the heathens' vain hom-
age to their gods, thereby ascribing a plural honor to a single per-
son, as if one Pope had been made up of many gods, and one
Emperor of many men ; for which reason you, only to be addressed
to many, became first spoken to one. It seemed the word thou
looked like too lean and thin a respect; and therefore some, bigger
than they should be, would have a style suitable to their own
ambition."

Another alteration that took place in the language of the Quak-
ers, was the expunging of all expressions from their vocabular}^,
which were either superfluous or of the same flattering tendency as
the former.

In addressing one another, either personally or by letter, they
made use of the word friend, to signify the bond of their own union,
and the character, which man, under the christian dispensation,
was bound to exhibit in dealings with his fellow-man. They ad-
dressed each other also, and spoke of each other by their real names.
If a man's name was John, they called him John; they talked to
him as John, and added only his surname to distinguish him from
others.

In their intercourse with the world they adopted the same mode

222 APPENDIX.

of speech, for they addressed individuals either by their plain
names, or they made use of the appellations of friends or neighbors.

They rejected the word sir or madam, as then in use. This they
did, because they considered them like the word you, as remnants
of ancient flattery, derived from the papal and anti-christian ages ;
and because these words still continued to be considered as titles of
flattery, that pufi^ed up people in their own times. Howell, who
was before quoted on the pronoun thou, is usually quoted ]\v the
Quakers on this occasion also. He states in his history, that "sir
and madam were originally names given to none but the king, his
brother and their wives, both in France and England. Yet now the
ploughman in France is called sir and his wife madam ; and men of
ordinary trades in England sir and their wives dame, which is the
legal title of a lady and is the same as madame in French. So
prevalent hath pride and flattery been in all ages, the one to give
and the other to receive respect."

The Quakers l)anished also the word master, or mister as it is now
pronounced, from their language, either when they spoke concern-
ing any one, or addressed any one by letter. To have used the
word master to a person, who was no master over them, would
have been, they considered, to have indicated a needless servility,
and to have given a false picture of their own situation, as well as
of those addressed.

Upon the same or similar principles they hesitated to sul)scribe
themselves as the humble or ol)edient servants of any one, as is now
usual, at the bottom of their letters. "Horrid apostacy." says
Barclay, "for it is notorious that the use of these compliments im-
plies not any design or service." This expression in particular they
reprobated for another reason. It was one of those which had
followed the last degree of impious services and expressions,
which had poured in after the statues of the emperors had
been worshipped, after the titles of eternity and divinity had been
ushered in, and after thou had been exchanged for you, and it bad
taken a certain station and flourished among these. Good chris-
tians, however, had endeavored to keep themselves clear of such
inconsistencies. Casaubon has preserved a letter of Paulinus,
Bishop of jSTola, in which he rebukes Sulpicius Severus for having
subscribed himself "his humble servant.'' A part of the letter runs
thus : "Take heed, hereafter, how thou, being from a servant called

APPENDIX. 223

unto liberty, cloth subscribe thyself servant to one who is thy brother
and fellow servant ; for it is a sinful flattery, not a testament of
humility, to pay those honors to a man and to a sinner, which are
due to the one Lord, one Master and one God."

The Quakers also banished from the use of their society all those
modes of expression wliich were considered as marks or designations
of honor among men. Hence, in addressing any peer of the realm,
they never used the common formula of "my lord," for, though the
peer in question might justly l)e the lord of many possessions, and
tenants, and servants, yet he was no lord over their heritages or
persons. Xeither did they ever use the terms excellency, or grace,
or honor, upon similar occasions. They considered that the bestow-
ing of these titles might bring them under the necessity of uttering
what might be occasionaly false. "For the persons," says Barclay,
"obtaining these titles, either by election or hereditarily, may fre-
quently be found to have nothing really in them deserving them,
or answering to them, as some, to whom it is said, 'your excellency
may have nothing of excellency in them, and he who is called your
grace may be an enemy to grace, and he who called your honor may
be base and ignoble.' " They considered also, that they might l)e
setting up the creature, by giving him the titles of the Creator, so
that he might think more highly of himself than he ought, and
more degTadingiy than he ought of the rest of the human race.

But, independently of these moral considerations, they rejected
these titles, because they believed that Jesus Christ had set them an
example by his own declarations and conduct on a certain occasion.
When a person addressed him by the name of good master, he was
rebuked as having done an improper thing. "Wli}^," says our
Saviour, "callest thou me good ? There is none good but one, that
is God." This censure they believed to have been passed upon
him, because Jesus Christ knew, that when he addressed him by
this title, he addressed him, not in his divine nature or capacity,
but only as a man.

But Jesus Christ not only refused to receive such titles of dis-
tinction himself in his human nature, but on another occasion ex-
horted his followers to shun them also. They were not to be like
the Scribes and Pharisees, who wished for high and eminent dis-
tinctions, that is, to be called Eabbi Eabb of men ; but, says he. "be
ye not called Eabbi, for one is your master, even Christ, and all ye

224 APPEKDIX.

are bretliren;" and lie makes the desire which he discovered in the
Jews, of seeldng after worldly instead of heavenly honors, to be
one cause of their infidelity towards Christ, for that such could not
believe, as received honor from one another, and sought not the
honor which cometh from God onl}"; that is, that those j^ersons, who
courted earthly honors, could not have that humility of mind, that
spirit that was to be of no reputation in the world, which was
essential to those who wished to become the followers of Christ.

These considerations, both those of a moral nature and those of
the example of Jesus Christ, weighed so much with the early Quak-
ers that they made no exceptions, even in favor of those of royal
dignity or of the rulers of their own land. George Fox wrote
several letters to great men. He wrote twice to the king of Poland,
three or four times to Oliver Cromwell, and several times to Charles
the second ; but he addressed them in no other manner than l^y their
plain names or by simple titles, expressive of their situations as
rulers or kings.

These several alterations, which took place in the language of the
early Quakers, were adopted hj their several successors and are in
force in the society at the present day.

Another alteration, which took place in the language of the Quak-
ers, was the disuse of the common names of the days of the week,
and those of the months of the year.

The names of the days were considered to be of heathen origin.
Sunday had been so called by the Saxons, because it was the day
on which they sacrificed to the sun. Monday on which they sacri-
ficed to the moon. Tuesday to the god Tuisco. Wednesday to the
god Woden. Thursday to the god Thor, and so on. Xow when the
Quakers considered that Jehovah had forbidden the Israelites to
make mention even of the names of other gods, they thought it
inconsistent in christians to continue to use the names of heathen
idols for the common divisions of their time, so that these names
must be almost always in their mouths. They thought, too. that
they were paying a homage, in continuing the use of them, that
bordered on idolatr}-. They considered also as neither Monday nor
Tuesday nor any other of these days were days in which these sacri-
fices were now offered, they were using words which conveyed false
notions of things. Hence they determined upon the disuse of
these words, and to put other names in their stead. The nu-

APPENDIX. 225

merical way of naming tlie clays seemed to them to be the most
rational and the most innocent. They called therefore Sunday the
first day, ]\Ionday the second, Tuesday the third, and so on to Satur-
day, which was of course the seventh. They used no other names
but these, either in their conversation or in their letters.

Upon the same principles they altered the names of the months
also. These, such as March and June, which had been so named
by the ancient Eomans because they were sacred to Mars and Juno,
were exploded because they seemed in the use of them to be express-
ive of a kind of idolatrous homage. Others again were exploded
because they were not the representatives of the truth. Septem-
ber, for example, means the seventh month from the storms. It
took this seventh station in the calendar of Eomulus, and it desig-
nated there its own station as well as the reason of its name. But
when it lost its place in the calendar by the alteration of the style
in England, it lost its meaning. It became no representative of
its station nor any representative of the truth, for it still continues
to signify the seventh month, whereas it is made to represent, or to
stand in the place of the ninth. The Quakers therefore banished
from their langiiage the ancient names of the months, and, as they
thought they could not do better than they had done in the case of
the days, they placed numericals in their stead. They called Janu-
ary the first month. February the second, March the third, and so
on to December, which they called the twelfth. Thus the Quaker
calendar was made u|) by numerical distinctions, which have con-
tinued to the present day.

Another alteration, which took place ver\^ generally in the
language of the Quakers, was the rejection of the word saint when
they spoke either of the apostles, or of the primitive fathers. The
papal authority had canonized these. This they considered to be
an act of idolatry, and they thought they should be giving sanction
to superstition, if they continued the use of such a title, either in
their speech or writings. After this, various other alterations took
place according as individuals among them thought it right to
expunge old expressions, and to substitute new; and these altera-
tions were adopted by the rest, as they had an opinion of those who
used them, or as they felt the propriety of doing it. Hence new
phrases came into use, different from those which were used by the
world on the same occasions; and these were gradually spread till

226 APPENDIX.

they became incorporated into the langxiage of the society. Of
these the following examples may suffice.

It is not "usual with Quakers to use the words lucky or fortunate,
in the way in which many others do. If a Quaker had been out on
a journey, and had experienced a number of fine days, he would
never say that he had been lucky in his weather. In the same
manner if a Quaker had recovered from an indisposition, he would
never say, in speaking of the circumstance, that he had fortunately
recovered, but he would say, that he had recovered, and "that it was
a favor." Luck, chance, or fortune are allowed by the Quakers to
have no power in the settlement of human affairs

It is not usual with Quakers to beg ten thousand pardons, as
some of the world do, for any little mistake. A Quaker generally
on such an occasion asks a person's excuse.

The Quakers never make use of the expression "christian name."
This name is called christian by the world, because it is the name
given to children in baptism, or in other words, when they are
christened, or when they are initiated as christians. But the Quak-
ers are never baptized. They have no belief that water baptism
can make a christian, or that it is any true mark of membership
with the christian church. Hence a man's christian name is called
by them his first name, because it is the first of the two, or of any
other number of names that may belong to him.

The Quakers, on meeting a person, never say "good morrow," be-
cause all days are ecjually good. N"or in parting with a person at
night, do they say "good evening," for a similar reason, but they
make use of the expression of "farewell."

I might proceed, till I made a little vocabulary of Quaker ex-
pressions; but this is not necessary, and it is not at all consistent
with my design. I shall therefore only observe, that it is expected
of Quakers, that they should use the language of the society; that
they should substitute thou for you; that they should discard all
flattering titles and expressions; and that they should adopt the
numerical, instead of the heathen names, of the days and months.
George Fox gave the example himself in all these instances. Those
of the society who depart from this usage are said by the Quakers
to depart from "the plain langnage."

The Quakers were certainly a consistent people and carried this
jewel wherever they went — in the palace of the rich as well as the

APPENDIX. 227

cottage of the poor. The same reasons which led them to discard
the use of "you" for '"'thou/' also led them to keep their hats on
when in the presence of those to whom their taking them oif would
he a mark of honor to which they were not entitled. An amusing-
instance of this occurred in the case of Fox himself.

Wdien George Fox, and two other friends, were hrought out of
Launceston gaol, to he tried l^efore judge Glynn, who was then
chief justice of England, they came into court Avith their hats on.
The judge asked them the reason of this, hut they said nothing. He
then told them that the court commanded them to pull off their
hats. Upon this George Fox addressed them in the following
manner : "Wliere, says he, did ever any magistrate, king or judge,
from Moses to Daniel, command any to pull off their hats when
they came before them in their courts, either amongst the Jews, who
were God's people, or among the heathen? And if the law of
England doth command any such thing, show me that law, either
written or printed." Judge Glynn upon this grew angry, and
replied that "he did not caTry his law books upon his back.^' But
says George Fox, "tell me where it is printed in any statute book,
that I may read it." The judge in a very vulgar manner, ordered
him away, and he was accordingly taken away, and put among
thieves. The judge, however, in a short time afterwards ordered
him up again, and, on his return, put to him the following question.
"Come," says he, "where had they hats from Moses to Daniel?
Come, answer me. I have you fast now." George Fox replied,
that "^^le might read in the third chapter of Daniel, that the three
children were cast into the fiery furnace by ISTebuchadnezzar's com-
mand, with their coats, their hose, and their hats on." The repe-
tition of this apposite text stopped the judge from any further com-
ments on the custom, and he ordered him and his companions to
be taken away again. And they were accordingly taken away and
they were thriTst again among thieves. In process of time, however,
this custom of the Quakers began to be known among the judges,
who so far respected their scruples as to take care that their hats
should be taken off in future in the courts.

These omissions of the ceremonies of the world, as begun by the
primitive Quakers, are continued by the modern. They neither
bow nor scrape, nor pull off their hats to any, by way of civility or
respect, and they carry their principles like their predecessors, so

228 APPENDIX.

far, that tliey observe none of these exterior parts of politeness even
in the presence of ro3'alty. The Quakers are in the habit on par-
ticular occasions of sendings deputies to the king. And it is
remarkalile that his present majesty always sees them himself, if
he be Avell, and not by proxy, j^otwithstanding this, no one in the
deputation ever pulls off his hat. Those, however, who are in
waiting in the anti-chamber, knowing this custom of the Quakers,
take their hats from their heads before they enter the room where
the king is. On entering the room they neither bow nor scrape nor
kneel, and as this ceremony cannot be performed for them by others,
they go into the royal presence in a less servile, or more dignified
manner, than either the representatives of sovereigns or those who
have humbled nations hx the achievements of great victories.

In the company of the Quakers a circimistance sometimes occurs,
of so peculiar a nature, that it cannot be well omitted in this place.
It sometimes happens that you observe a pause in the conversation.
This pause continues. Surprised at the universal silence now pre-
vailing, you look around and find all the Quakers in the room
apparently thoughtful. The history of the circumstance is this.
In the course of the conversation the mind of some one of the
persons present has been so overcome with the weight or importance
of it, or so overcome by inward suggestions or other subjects, as
to have given himself up to meditation, or to passive obedience to
the impressions upon his mind. This person is soon discovered by
the rest on account of his particular silence and gravity. From
this moment the Quakers in company cease to converse. They
become habitually silent, and continue so, both old and young, to
give the apparently meditating person an opportunity of pursuing
iminterruptedly the train of his own thoughts. Perhaps, in the
course of his meditations, the subject that impressed his mind
gradually dies away and expires in silence. In this case you find
him resuming his natural position, and returning to conversation
with the company as l^efore. It sometimes happens, however, that
in the midst of his meditations he feels an impulse to communicare
to those present the subject of his thoughts, and breaks forth, seri-
ously explaining, exhorting and advising, as the nature of it permits
and suggests. ^Yhen he has finished his observations, the company
remain silent for a short time, after which they converse again as
before.

APPENDIX. 229

The Quakers are generally supposed to be a stiff and reserved
people, and to be a people of severe and nncourteous manners. I
confess there is something in their appearance that will justify the
supposition in the eyes of strangers, and of such as do not know
them; I mean of such as just see them occasionally out of doors,
but do not mix with them in their own houses.

It cannot be expected that persons, educated like the Quakers,
should assimilate much in their manners to other people. The xerj
dress they wear, which is so different from that of others, would
give them a stiff appearance in the eyes of the world, if nothing
else could be found to contribute towards it. Excluded also from
much intercourse with the world, and separated at a vast distance
from it by the singularity of many of their customs, they would
naturally appear to others to be close and reserved. Xeither is it
to be expected that those, whose spirits are never animated by music,
or enlivened by the exhibitions of the theatre, or the diversions
which others follow, would have other than countenances that were
grave. Their discipline also, which calls them so frequently to
important duties, and the dispatch of serious business, would pro-
duce the same feature. I may observe, also, that a peculiarity of
gait, which might be mistaken for awkardness, might not unreason-
abty be expected in those, who had neither learned to walk under the
guidance of a dancing master, nor to bow under the direction of
the dominion of fashion. If those and those only are to be
esteemed reallv polished and courteous, who bow and scrape, and
salute each other by certain prescribed gestures, then the Quakers
will appear to have contracted much rust, and to have an indisput-
able right to the title of a clownish and inflexible people.

I must observe however that these appearances, though they may
be substantial in the estimation of those who do not know them,
gradually vanish with those who do. Their hospitality in their
own houses, and their great attention and kindness, soon force out
of sight all ideas of uncourteousness. Their freedom also soon
annihilates those of stiffness and reserve. Their manners, though
they have not the polish surface of those which are usually attached
to fashionable life, are agreeable when known.

There is one trait in the Quaker manners which runs through
the whole society, as far as I have seen in their houses, and which
is worthy of mention. The Quakers appear to be particularly

230 APPENDIX.

gratified when tliose wlio ^dsit them ask for wliat they want. In-
stead of considering this as rudeness or intrusion, they esteem it as
a favor done them. The circumstance of asking, on such an occasion,
is to them a proof tliat their visitors feel themselves at home.
Indeed they almost always desire a stranger who has been intro-
duced to them "to be free." This is their usual expression. And
if he assures them that he will, and they find him asking for what
he wishes to have, you may preceive in their countenances the
pleasure which his conduct has given them. They consider him,
when he has used this freedom, to have acted, as they express it,
"kindly." Nothing can be more truly polite than that conduct to
another, by which he shall be induced to feel himself as comfortaldy
situated as if he were in his own house.

As the Quakers desire their visitors to be free, and to do as they
please, so they do not fail to do the same themselves, never regard-
ing such visitors as impediments in the way of their concerns.
If they have any business or engagements out of doors, they say so
and go, using no ceremony and but few words as an apology. Their
visitors, I mean such as stay for a time in their houses, are left in
the interim to amuse themselves as they please. This is peculiarly
agreeable, because their friends know, when they visit them, that
they neither restrain, nor shackle, nor put them to inconvenience.
In fact it may be truly said that if satisfaction in visiting depends
upon a man's own freedom to do as he likes, to ask and call for what
he wants, to go out and come in as he pleases; and if it depends
also on the knowledge he has, that, in doing all these things, he
puts no person out of his way, there are no houses where people will
be better pleased with their treatment than in those of the Quakers.

The Quakers, as a religious body, agi'ee in the propriety of grace
l)efore their meals, that is, in the propriety of giving thanks to the
author of every good gift for this particular bounty of his provi-
dence as to the articles of their daily subsistence, but they differ as
to the manner and seasonableness of it on such occasions. They
think that people who are in the habit of repeating a determined
form of words, may cease to feel as they pronounce them, in which
case the grace liecomes an oblation from the tongue but not from
the heart. They think also that if grace is to be repeated regularly,
just as the victuals come, or as regularly and as often as they come
upon the table, it may be repeated unseasonably, that is unseason-

APPENDIX. 231

ably with the state of the heart of him who is to pronounce it ; that
the heart of man is not today as it was yesterday, nor at this hour
what it was at a former, nor on any given hour alike disposed ; and
that if this grace is to he said when the heart is gay, or light, or
volatile, it ceases to be a devotional act. and becomes at least a
superfluous and unmeaning if not a censurable form.

CHAPTER Till.

INDUCTION AS MINISTERS.

The manner in which a person, male or female, is inducted into
the ministry is also peculiar.

Any member has a right to rise up in the meetings for worsbip,
and to speak publicly. If any one, therefore, should rise up and
preach, who has never done so before, he is heard. The congrega-
tion are all witnesses of his doctrine. The elders, however, who
may be present, and to whose province it more immediately belongs
to judge of the fitness of ministers, observe the tenor of his dis-
course. They watch over it for its authority; that is, they judge
by its spiritual influence on the mind, whether it be such as corre-
sponds with that which may be persumed to come from the Spirit
of God. If the new preacher delivers any thing that appears excep-
tionable, and continues to do so, it is the duty of the elders to speak
to him in private, and to desire him to discontinue his services to
the church. But if nothing exceptionable occurs, nothing is said
to him, and he is allowed to deliver himself publicly at future meet-
ings. In process of time, if, after repeated attempts in the office of
the ministry, the new preacher should have given satisfactory proof
of his gifts, he is reported to the monthly meeting to which he
belongs. And this meeting, if satisfied with his ministry, acknow-
ledges him as a minister, and then recommends him to the meet-
ing of ministers and elders belonging to the same. Xo other act
than tliis is recjuisite. He receives no verbal or written appoint-
ment or power for the execution of the sacerdotal office. It may
be observed also, that he neither gains any authority, nor loses any
privilege, by thus becoming a minister of the gospel. Except, while
in the immediate exercise of his calling, he is only a common mem-
ber. He receives no elevation by the assumption of any nominal

232 APPENDIX.

title, to distinguish him from the rest. Xor is he elevated by the
prospect of any increase to his worldly goods in consequence of his
new office, for no minister in this society receives any pecuniary
emolution for his s|)iritual labors.

Wlien ministers are thus approved and acknowledged, they exer-
cise the sacred office in public assemblies, as they immediately feel
themselves influenced to that work. Tbey may engage, also, with
the approbation of their own monthly meeting, in the work of visit-
ing such Quaker families as reside in the county, or quarterly meet-
ing to which they l:)elong. In this case they are sometimes
accompanied by one of the elders of tlie church. These visits have
the name of family visits, and are conducted in tlie following man-
ner:

When a Quaker minister, after having commenced his journey,
has entered the house of the first family, the individual members
are collected to receive him. They then sit in silence for a time.
As he believes himself concerned to speak, he delivers that which
arises in his mind with religious freedom. The master, the wife,
and the other branches of the family, are sometimes severally
addressed. Does the minister feel that there is a departure in any
of the persons present, from the principles or practice of the society,
he speaks, if he believes it required of him, to these j^oints. Is
there any well disposed person under any inward discouragement,
this person may be addressed in the language of consolation. All
in fact are exhorted and advised as their several circumstances may
seem to require. When the religious visit is over, the minister, if
there be occasion, takes some little refreshment with the family,
and converses with them; but no light or trifling subject is ever
entered upon on these occasions. From one family he passes to
another, till he has visited all the families in the district for which
he had felt a concern.

A spirit of discernment and prophecy seems to have characterized
the ministry of many preachers among Friends, and Mali] on
Hockett was noted for speaking to that which was in the minds of
others, and telling them of their misdeeds. On one occasion two
ungodly men were discussing the manner in which they should
spend the Sal)bath morning, when one of them said, "Let's go and
hear what old Malilon has to say to-day."' Accordingly they went
to Springfield meeting. Soon after they entered, Malilou, fasten-

APPENDIX. 233

ing his eyes upon them, arose and said, "Well, let's go and hear
what old Mahlon has to say to-day." He thus gained their atten-
tion, and proceeded to preach a sermon Tvhich was blessed to the
good of their sonls.

On another occasion a woman entered, while he was preaching.
He stopped a moment, looked at her, and remarked, "Go and carry
home that filling, and thou shalt have peace of mind." He then
proceeded with his subject. The woman took home the filHng,
which she had stolen from a neighbor for whom she had been weav-
ing, confessed her sin, and became a changed character.

Two of the most remarkable proi3hecies concerning the civil war
in this country were made by Joseph Hoag. He was born of Pres-
b3'terian parents, in Xew York, in 1762. He became a Friend and
minister, and settled at Monkton, Yt. In 1820 he was traveling
with a companion, on horseback, visiting the meetings of Friends
in Pennsylvania. As they were riding he suddenly stopped his
horse; looking around him and then down to the gTOund, he said
to his friend, '"'My horse's feet are wading in blood, even to the
fetlocks." Upon this very ground, forty-three years later, was
fought the terrible battle of Gettysburg. July 1, 2 and 3, 1863.

Joseph Hoag's wonderful vision concerning the civil war and the
abolition of slaver}' was ^videly published long before the war, but
it should have a place here.

YISIOX OF .JOSEPH HOAG.

"In the year 1803, probably the eighth or ninth month, I was
alone in the fields and observed that the sun shone clear, but that
a mist eclipsed the brightness of its shining. As I reflected upon
the singularity of the event, my mind was drawn into silence the
most solemn I ever remember to have witnessed, for it seemed as
if all my faculties were laid low and unusually brought into deep
solemnity. I said to myself, 'What can all this mean? I do not
recollect ever before to have been sensible of such feelings.' and I
heard a voice from Heaven say, 'This that thou seest which dims
the brightness of the sun, is a sign of the present and coming times.
I took the forefathers of this country from a land of oppression; I
planted them here among the people of the forest; I sustained
them ; and while they were humble I blessed and fed them, and they
hecame a numerous |)eople; but they have now become proud and

234 APPENDIX.

lifted up, and have forgotten Me who nourished and protected
them in the wiklerness, and are running into every abomination
and evil practice of which the old countries are guilty ; I have taken
quietude from the land, and suffered a dividing spirit to come
among them. Lift up thine eyes and behold.'

"And I saw them dividing in great heat. This division began in
the church upon points of doctrine. It commenced in the Presby-
terian Society and went through the various denominations, and
in its progTess and close its effect was nearly the same. Those who
dissented went off with high heads and taunting language, and
those who kept to the original sentiment appeared exercised and
sorrowful. And when this dividing spirit entered the Society of
Friends it raged in as high a degree as an}' I had before discovered ;
and as before, those who separated went away with lofty looks and
taunting, censuring langiiage, while those who kept to the ancient
principles retired by themselves.

"It next appeared in the lodges of Free Masons, and it broke out
like a volcano, insomuch that it set the country in an uproar for a
length of time. Then it entered politics throughout the United
States, and it did not stop until it produced civil war, and an
abundance of human l)lood was .shed in the combat. The Southern
States lost their power, and slavery was annihilated from their
borders."

ISTo one day, in the estimation of the Quakers, can be made
by human appointment either more holy or more proper for worship
than another. They do not even believe that the Jewish Sabbath,
which was by the appointment of God, continues in gospel times,
or that it has been handed down by divine authority as the true
Sabbath for christians. All days with the Quakers are equally
holy, and all equally proper for the worship of God. In this
opinion they coincide with the ever memorable John Hales. "For
prayer, indeed," says this venerable man, "was the Sabbath ordain-
ed, yet prayer itself is Sabbathless, and admits of no rest, no inter-
mission at all. If our hands be clean, we must, as our Apostle
commands us, lift them up everywhere, at all times, and make every
place a church, every day a Sabbath-day, every hour canonical. As
you go to the market, as you stand in the streets, as you walk in
the fields — in all these places you may pray as well, and with as
good acceptance as in the church; for you yourselves are temples.

APPENDIX. 235

of the holy ghost, if the grace of God be in you, more precious than
any of those which are made -^ith hands."'

Though, however, the Quakers believe no one day in the sight
of God to be holier than another, and no one capable of being
rendered so by human authority, yet they think that christians
ought to assemble for the public worship of God. They thinlv they
ought to bear an outward and public testimony for God; and this
can only be done by becoming members of a visible church, where
they may be seen to acknowledge him publicly in the face of men.
They think, also, that the public worship of God increases, as it
were, the fire of devotion, and enlarges the sphere of spiritual life
in the souls of men. "God causes the inward life," says Barclay,
"the more to abound when his cliildren assemble themselves dili-
gently together, to wait upon him ; so that as iron sharpeneth iron,
the seeing the faces of one another, when both are inwardly gathered
unto the life, giveth occasion for the life secretly to rise, and to
pass from vessel to vessel ; and as many candles lighted and put in
one place do greatly augment the light and make it more to shine
forth, so when many are gathered together into the same life, there
is more of the glor\' of God, and his power appears to the refresh-
ment of each individual; for that he partakes not only of the light
and life raised in himself, but in all the rest. And therefore
Christ hath particularly promised a blessing to such as assemble
in his name, seeing he will be in the midst of them." For these
and other reasons, the Quakers think it proper that men shoi.ld
be drawn together to the public worship of God; but if so, they
must be drawn together at certain times. Xow, as one day has
never been, in the eyes of the Quakers, more desirable for such an
object than another, their ancestors chose the first day in the week,
because the apostles had chosen it for the religious assembling of
themselves and their followers, xlnd, in addition to this, that
more frecjuent opportunities might be afforded them of bearing
their outward testimony publicly for God, and of enlarging the
sphere of their spiritual life, they appointed a meeting on one other
day in the week in most places, and two in some others, for the
same purpose.

They believe that no ground can be made holy, and therefore
they do not allow the places on which their meeting houses are built
to be consecrated by the use of any human forms.

236 APPENDIX.

Their meeting houses are singularly plain. There is nothing
of decoration in the interior of them. They consist of a number
of plain long benches with backs to them. There is one elevated
seat at the end of these. Tliis is for their ministers. It is elevated
for no other reason than that their ministers may be the better
heard.

The women occupy one-half of these benches, and sit apart from
the men.

These iDcnches are not intersected by partitions. Hence there
are no distinct pews for the families of the rich, or of such as can
afford to pay for them ; for, in the first place, the Quakers pay noth-
ing for their seats in their meeting houses ; and, in the second, they
pay no respect to the outward condition of one another. If they
consider themselves, when out of doors, as all equal to one another
in point of privileges, much more do they abolish all distinctions,
when ]3rofessedly assembled in a place of worship. They sit, there-
fore, in their meeting houses undistinguished with respect to their
outward circumstances, as the children of the same great parent,
who stand equally in need of his assistance ; and as in the sight of
Him who is no respecter of persons, but who made of one blood all
the nations of men who dwell on all the face of the earth.

The Quaker ministers are not distinguishable, when in their
places of worship, by their dress. They wear neither black clothes,
nor surplices, nor gowns, nor bands. Jesus Christ, when he
preached to the multitude, is not recorded to have put on a dress
different from that which he wore on other occasions. Neither do
the Quakers believe that ministers of the church ought, under the
new dispensation, to be a separate people, as the Levites were, or
to be distinguished on account of their office from other men.

CHAPTEE IX.

THE SACRAMENT AND BAPTISM.

The Quakers, among other particularities, reject the application
of water bajDtism, and the administration of the Sacrament of the
Supper, as christian rites.

These ordinances have been considered by many as so essentially
interwoven with Christianity, that the Quakers, by rejecting the use
of them, have been denied to be cliristians.

APPENDIX. 237

But whatever may be the difference of opinion between the
world and the Quakers, upon these subjects, great indulgence is due
to the latter on this occasion. People have received the ordinances
in question from their ancestors. They have been broughi; up to
the use of them. They have seen them sanctioned by the world,
rinding their authority disputed by a body of men, who are insig-
nificant as to numbers, when compared with others, they have let
loose their censure upon them, and this without any inquiry crm-
cerning the grounds of their dissent. They know perhaps notliing
of the obstinate contentions, nothing of the difficulties which have
occurred, and nothing of those which may still be started on these
subjects.

On the subject of the sacrament of Supper, similar difiiculties
have occurred.

Jesus Christ unquestionably permitted liis disciples to meet to-
gether in remembrance of their last supper with him. But it is
not clear that this was any other than a permission to those who
were present, and who had known and loved him. The disciples
were not ordered to go into all nations and to enjoin it to their con-
verts to observe the same ceremony. jSTeither did the apostles leave
any command by which it was enjoined as an ordinance of the chris-
tian church.

Another difficulty which has arisen on the subject of the Supper,
is, that christians seem so little to have understood the nature of
it, or in what it consisted, that they have had, in different ages,
different views and encouraged different doctrines concerning it.
One has placed it in one thing and another in another. Most of
them, again, have attempted in their explanation of it to blend the
enjoyment of the spiritual essence with that of the corporeal sub-
stance of the body and blood of Christ, and thus to unite a spir-
itual with a ceremonial exercise of religion. Grasping, therefore,
at things apparently irreconcilable, they have conceived the strang-
est notions; and, by giving these to the world, they have only
afforded fuel for contention among themselves and others.

In the time of the apostles, it was the custom of converted per-
sons, grounded on the circumstances that passed at the Supper of
the Passover, to meet in religious communion. They used, on these
occasions, to break their bread and take their refreshment and con^
verse together. The object of these meetings was to imitate the

238 APPENDIX.

last friendly supper of Jesus with his disciples, to bear a public
memorial of his sufferings and death, and to promote their love for
one another. But this custom was nothing more, as far as evidence
can be had, than that of a brotherly breaking of bread together.
It was no sacramental eating. Neither was the body of Jesus sup-
posed to be enjoyed, nor the spiritual enjoyment of it to consist in
the partaking of this outward feast.

In the 2>rocess of time, after the days of the apostles, when tliis
simple custom had declined, we find another meeting of christians,
in imitation of that at the Passover Supper, at which both bread
and wine were introduced. This different commemoration of the
same event had a new name given to it, for it was distinguished
from the other by the name of Eucharist.

Another difficulty, but of a different nature, has occurred with
respect to the Lord's Supper. This has arisen from the circum-
stance, that other ceremonies were enjoined by our Saviour in
terms equally positive as this, but which most christians, notwith-
standing, have thought themselves at liberty to reject. Among
these the washing of feet is particularly to be noticed. This cus-
tom was of an emblematic nature. It was enjoined at the same
time as that of the Lord's Supper, and on the same occasion. But
it was enjoined in a more forcible and striking manner. The
Sandimanians, when they rose into a society, considered the in-
junction for this ordinance to be so obligatory that they dared not
dispense with it, and, therefore, when they determined to celebrate
the Supper, they determined that the washing of feet should be an
ordinance of their church. Most other christians, however, have
dismissed the washing of feet from their religious observance. The
reason given has principally been, that it was an eastern custom,
and therefore local. To this the answer has been, that the Passover,
from whence the Lord's Supper is taken, was an eastern custom also,
but that it was much more local. Travelers of different nations
had their feet washed for them in the east. But none but those of
the circumcision were admitted to the Passover Supper. If, there-
fore, the injunction relative to the washing of feet be equally strong
with that relative to the celebration of the Supper, it has been pre-
sumed that both ought to have been retained, and, if one has been
dispensed with on account of its locality, that both ought to have
been discarded.

APPENDIX. 239

In conclusion we vrill say. that, after having carefully read the
record of this singnlar denomination, one cannot fail to be im-
pressed with their loyalty to the teachings of the Bible, as they
interpret it. If we were asked, T\liat has Quakerism done for
humanity ? our answer would be, a great deal. First, The abandon-
ment of African slavery through its teaching. Secondly, It has
emphasized the great idea of the fatherhood of God, and the broth-
erhood of man. Lastly, It calls for '"The Simple Life," antedating
both in theory and practice the burden of this popular book for
over two hundred and fifty years. Are not the teachings of such
a church worthy of perpetuation ? 'We think so. And what is more
to the point, if the American or any other people wish to practice
'''"The Simple Life," let them become conscientious Quakers, and no
modern novel will be necessarv to show them the wav.

APPENDIX II.

A BRIEF VIEW

OF THE

DOCTRINES OF CHRISTIANITY*

AS SET FOETH IN HOLY SCEIPTURE

AND HELD BY THE

SOCIETY OF FRIENDS.

DECLARATION OF PAITH.

We believe in God, the Father Almightj^, Maker of Heaven and
earth, and of all things visible and invisible; and in Jesus Christ,
His only Son, our Lord, by whom He created all things ; and in the
Holy Grhost, who proceedeth from the Father and the Son; and
that these three, the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Ghost, are
one in the Eternal Godhead.

OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST.

We believe that Jesus of Nazareth was conceived of the Holy
Ghost and born of the Virgin Mary, and that He is the beloved
and only-begotten Son of God, in whom the Father is well pleased.
We believe that the eternal Word, who was with God, and was God,
was made flesh and dwelt among men in the person of Him, our
Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. ^'In Him dwelleth all the fulness
of the God-head bodily." He is the one perfect man, who hath
fulfilled all righteousness, and who was in all points tempted like
as we are, yet without sin.

We believe that He died for our sins, that He was buried, and
rose again the third da}-, that He ascended into Heaven, and is on
the right hand of God, angels and authorities and powers being
. made subject unto Him. He is the one Jlediator between God and
man, our Advocate with the Father, our High-Priest forever, who
is able to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by Him,
seeing He ever liveth to make intercession for them. He baptizes
with the Holy Ghost. He is the Shepherd and Bishop of souls,.

* Taken from the Book of Discipline of the New York Yearly Meeting.

APPENDIX. 241

the Head over all things to the Church, the King Avho reigns in
righteousness, the Prince of Peace. By Him the world shall he
judged in righteousness, for the Father judgeth no man, but hath
committed all judgment unto the Son, that all men should honor
the Son, even as they honor the Father. Vie believe in the Deity
and manhood of our Lord Jesus Christ, and that His willing sacri-
fice upon the cross was the one propitiation and atonement for the
sins of the whole world, wherein God hath declared His righteous-
ness, that He might be just, and the justifier of him that believeth
in Jesus. He is the Lamb of God, Tvithout blemish and without
spot, with whose precious blood we are redeemed. The remission
of sins which any partake of is only in and by virtue of that most
satisfactory sacrifice, and no otherwise.

We reverently confess and believe that divine honor and worship
are due to the Son of God, and that He is in true faith to be prayed
unto, and the name of the Lord Jesus Christ called upon, as the
primitive Christians did, and that we cannot acceptably offer up
prayers or praises to God, nor receive a gracious answer or blessing
from Him, but in and through His dear Son.

THE HOLT SPIRIT.

"We believe that the Holy Ghost is in the unity of the Eternal
Godhead, one with the Father and the Son ; that He is the promise
of the Father, whom Christ declared He would send in His name;
that He is come and convicts the world of sin ; that He leads to re-
pentance toward God, and as the Gospel is known, to faith in the
Lord Jesus Christ. Coming in the name and in the authority of
the risen and ascended Saviour, the Holy Spirit is the most precious
pledge of His continued love and care. He glorifies the Saviour,
and takes of the things of Christ and gives them as a realized pos-
session to the believing soul. He dwells in the hearts of believers
according to the promise of the Saviour : "I will pray the Father,
and He shall give you another Comforter, that He may abide with
you forever." He opens to them the truths of the Gospel as set
forth in Holy Scripture, and as they exercise faith, guides, sancti-
fies, comforts, and supports them.

His light must ever be distinguished, both from the conscience
which He illumines, and from the natural faculty of reason, which,
when unsubjected to His holy influences, is, in the things of God,
very foolishness.

242 APPENDIX,

"We believe that the qualification for the Lord's service in the
encliiement of power for His work is bestowed on His children
throngh the reception and baptism of the Holy Ghost.

The Holy Spirit is the seal of reconciliation to the humble be-
liever in Jesus, the earnest and the foretaste of the full commun-
ion and perfect joy which are reserved for them that endure unto
the end.

THE HOLY SCRIPTURES.

It has ever been, and still is, the belief of the Society of Friends
that the Holy ScrijDtures of the Old and New Testament were given
by inspiration of God; that, therefore, the declarations contained
in them rest on the authority of God Himself, and that there can
be no appeal from them to any other authority whatsoever; that
they are able to make wise unto salvation, through faith which is in
Christ Jesus. ''These are written that ye might believe that Jesus
is the Christ, the Son of God ; and that believing ye inight have life
through His name." The Scriptures are the only divinely author-
ized record of the doctrines Avhich we are bound as Christians to ac-
cept, and of the moral principles which are to regulate our actions.
Xo one can be required to believe as an article of faith any doctrine
which is not contained in them, and whatsoever any one says or
does contrary to the Scriptures, though under profession of the im-
mediate guidance of the Holy Spirit, must be reckoned and ac-
counted a delusion of the Devil.

man's creation and fall.

It pleased God, in His wisdom and goodness, to create man out
of the dust of the earth, and to breathe into his nostrils the breath
of life, so that man became a "'living soul,"' formed after the image
and likeness of God, capable of fulfilling the divine law and of
holding communion with his Maker. Being free to obey or to dis-
obey, under the temptation of Satan, through unbelief, he fell into
transgression, and thereby lost that spiritual life of righteousness
in which he was created; and so death passed upon him as the in-
evitable consequence of his sin. As the children of fallen xldam, all
mankind bear his image and partake of his nature; and until
created anew in Christ Jesus by the regenerating power of the Holy
Spirit, they are fallen, degenerated, and dead to the divine life.

But while we hold these views of the lost condition of man in the
fall, we rejoice to believe that sin is not imputed to any until they

APPENDIX. 243

transgress the divine law after sufficient capacity lias been given
to understand it, and that infants, though inheriting this fallen
nature, are saved, in the infinite mercy of God, through the re-
demption which is in Christ Jesus.

JUSTIFICATIOX AXD SAXCTIFICATIOX.

"God so loved the world that He gave His only-begotten Son, that
whosoever believeth in Him should not perish, but have everlasting
life."

We believe that justification is of God's free grace, through which,
upon repentance and faith. He pardons our sins and accepts us as
righteous in His sight for the sake of the Lord Jesus Christ; that
it is received, not because of our works, but of our acceptance of
God's mercy in Christ Jesus; that through faith in Him and His
atoning blood, the guilt of sin is taken away and we stand reconciled
to God.

We believe that in connection with Justification is Eegeneration ;
that, being reconciled to God by the death of His Son, we are saved
by His life, a new heart is given and new desires, old things are
passed away, and we become children of God through faith in Christ
Jesus. Sanctification, or being made holy, is experienced in con-
nection with Justification in so far that every pardoned sinner, on
account of faith in Christ, is clothed with a measure of His right-
eousness and receives the promised Holy Spirit.

The provisions of God's grace are sufficient to deliver from the
power of evil, as well as from the guilt of sin, and to enable His
believing children always to triumph in Christ. This is to be ex-
perienced by faith : "according to your faith be it unto you." Who-
ever submits himself wholly to God, believing His promises, and
exercises faith in Christ Jesus, will have his heart continually
cleansed from all sin by His precious blood, and through the re-
newing, refining power of the Holy Spirit be brought into perfect
conformity to the will of God, love Him with all his heart, mind,
soulj and strength, and be able to say with the Apostle Paul : "The
law of the spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath made me free from the
law of sin and death." "This is the will of God, even your sancti-
fication," and if any fall short of this experience, it is because they
frustrate the grace of God.

244 APPENDIX.

THE EESURRECTIOX AND A FINAL JUDGMENT.

We believe, according to the Scriptures, that there shall be a
Eesurrection of the dead, both of the just and of the unjust, and
that Grod hath appointed a day in which He will judge the world
in righteousness by Jesus Christ, whom He hath ordained. For,
as saith the apostle, "we must all appear before the judgment-seat
of Christ, that eveTj one may receive the things done in his body
according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad."

We believe that the punishment of the wicked, and the blessed-
ness of the righteous, shalj be alike everlasting; according to the
declaration of our adorable Kedeemer, to whom the judgment is
committed, "These shall go away into everlasting punishment, but
the righteous into life eternal."

BAPTISM.

"One Lord, one Faith, one Baptism."

"John answered, saying unto them all, I indeed baptize you with
water; but one mightier than I cometh, the latchet of whose shoes
I am not worthy to unloose : He shall baptize you with the Holy
Ghost, and with fire."

We believe the one baptism of the Gospel dispensation is that of
Christ, who baptizes His people with the Holy Ghost. The ordi-
nances instituted by God under the law were tj^pical. When
Christ the great Antitype came and fulfilled the law. He took away
the hand-writing of ordinances, "nailing it to His cross," and since
He opened the new and living way which He hath consecrated for
us through the Veil, that is to say His flesh, we have access by
faith, and enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus, without the
intervention of priest or ordinance, or any mediation, but that of
Him, the one Mediator.

We believe that He established no new rite or ordinance, and that
the "one baptism" which now saveth, and which is essential to liv-
ing membership in His Church, is that which He Himself admin-
isters as the glorious Minister of the sanctuary, the baptism of the
Holy Spirit, as saith the apostle, "by one spirit are ye all baptized
into one body." It is only under this baptism that any can be
truly made members of the one family of the redeemed, or be
taught to understand the new relation to which God has called them
by His grace under this, the new and everlasting covenant.

APPENDIX. 245

THE SUPPER OF THE LORD.

We believe that the true Supper of the Lord is the Communion
which His believing children are enabled to hold with Him,
through the realization of the presence of the Lord Jesus Christ in
their hearts, who hath cleansed them from all sin, through the of-
fering of His body, and the shedding of His blood upon the cross.

This communion is described by Him in the words : "Behold, I
stand at the door and knock; if any man hear my voice, and open
the door, I will come in to him, and sup with him, and he with me."

We believe this experience to be essential to the life of the Chris-
tian. It is only in the strength of this communion that he can
pursue his heavenward journey, or bring forth fruit unto holi-
ness; for, saith our blessed Lord, "except ye eat the flesh of the
Son of man and drink His blood, ye have no life in you."

PUBLIC WORSHIP.

"God is a Spirit, and they that worship Him must worship Him
in spirit and in truth."

Worship is the adoring response of the heart and mind to the in-
fluence of the Spirit of God.

Having become His children through faith in the Lord Jesus
Christ, it is our privilege to meet together and unite in the wor-
ship of Almighty God; to wait upon Him for the renewal of our
strength, for communion one with another, for the edification of
bel,ievers in the exercise of spiritual gifts, and for the declaration
of the glad tidings of salvation to the unconverted who may gather
with us. B}' the immediate operations of the Holy Spirit, the
Head of the Church alone selects and qualifies those who are to pre-
sent His messages, or engage in other service for Him, and hence
we cannot admit of a formal arrangement of exercises, or commit
them to any individual.

We believe that the worship of any heart or assembly most glori-
fies God which most perfectly responds to the promptings of His
SjDirit, whether it be in vocal service or in silent adoration.

THE MINISTRY.

We believe the preaching of the Gospel is one of the means
divinely appointed for the spreading of the glad tidings of life and
salvation through our crucified Eedeemer, for the awakening and

246 APPENDIX.

conversion of sinners, and for the comfort and edification of
believers.

As it is the preorgative of the great Head of the Church alone
to select and call the ministers of His Gospel, so we believe both
the gift and the qualification to exercise it must be derived im-
mediately from Him ; and that, as in the primitive Church, so now
also. He confers them on women as well as men, agreeably to the
prophecy recited by the Apostle Peter : "It shall come to pass in
the last days, saith God, I will pour out of my Spirit upon all flesh,
and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy;" respecting
which the apostle declares, "The promise is unto you and your
cliildren, and to all that are afar ofi", even as many as the Lord our
God shall call." As this gift is freely received, so it is to be freely
exercised, in simple obedience to the will of God.

The Apostle Paul, in speaking of his ministry, declares, "I neither
received it of man, neither was I taught it, but by the revelation
of Jesus Christ ;" that the exercise of it was not in the words which
man's wisdom teacheth; but which the Holy Ghost teacheth;
and that his speech and his preaching was not with enticing words
of man's wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power ;
that the faith of his hearers might not stand in the wisdom of men,
but in the power of God. Notliing but power from on high, re-
newedly furnished, can enable men to preach the Gospel.

"While the C^hurch cannot confer spiritual gifts, it is its duty to
recognize and foster them, and to promote their efficiency by all
the means in its power. And while, on the one hand, the Gospel
should never be preached for money, on the other it is the duty of
the Church to make such provision that it shall never be liindered
for want of it.

PRAYER.

Prayer is the result of a feeling of need and dependence upon
God. The condition of heart and mind which cries, in substance,
"God be merciful to me a sinner," must precede pardon and re-
mission of sins. At every stage prayer is essential to Christian
life.

We believe that prayer and praise are indispensible to a growth
in Grace, and for a qualification for those duties which devolve
upon every Christian; that without these any religious experience
which may have been gained vrill finally be lost.

APPENDIX. 247

"Without praj-er there can be no acceptable worship. It is there-
fore incumbent upon all Christians, in their meetings especialh',
to seek after Divine help to offer spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to
God, by Jesus Christ. Tocal pra^^er uttered in response to the
promptings of the Holy Spirit is an important part of public wor-
sliip; and whenever God's people meet together in His name, they
should reverently seek unto Him in united prayer.

We would encourage parents and heads of families to be faithful
in the exercise of this privilege before their children or households.
The qualification for such services may differ in degree from that
which should be looked for on more public occasions. The sen,se
of need, of parental responsibility, of the priceless value of the souls
entrusted to our care, not only warrants but requires such acts of
dedication, wliilst our countless blessings claim the tribute of praise
from thankful hearts.

We believe the spirit of prayer and thanksgiving will certainly
be bestowed upon us if we duly ask for it; and thus to ask is a
prayer which may safely be regarded as always in accordance with
the Divine will. "If ye, then, being evil, know how to give good
gifts unto your children, how much more shall your Heavenly
Father give the Holy Spirit to them that ask Him."

"I will, therefore, that men pray everywhere, lifting up holy
hands, without wrath and doubting."

TESTIMOXIES COXCERXIXG WAR AXD OATHS.

TTfl-r.

"From whence comes wars and fightings among you? Come
they not hence even of your lusts that war in your members ?"

War conflicts with, and is a violation of, the principles, precepts,
and injunctions of the Gospel, which iDreathe peace on earth and
good-will toward men. It is entirely incompatible with the com-
mands of our holy Eedeemer: "I say unto you that ye resist not
evil" — "'Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to
them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you
and persecute you; that ye may be the cliildren of your Father
wliich is in heaven : for He maketh His sun to rise on the evil and
on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust."

We believe that the emphatic prayer of our Lord, "Forgive us
our debts, as we forgive our debtors," and His declaration, "If ye

248 APPENDIX.

forgive not men tlieir trespasses, neither will your Father forgive
your trespasses," continue of hinding force. And we believe that
no Divine injunction or command that is binding upon individuals,
under the Christian dispensation, can be rendered void by any
number of individuals in a collective capacity as nations or other-
wise. The prophecy which fortold the coming of the Messiah de-
clared him to be the Prince of Peace; and His birth was announced
by the Heavenly anthem, "Glory to God in the highest, and on
earth peace, good-will toward men.''

Oaths.

With regard to Oaths, we believe that our Lord evidently forbade
a kind of swearing which had l^een allowed l)ef ore : "Ye have heard
that it hath been said by them of old time. Thou shalt not forswear
thyself, but shalt ^Derform unto the Lord thine oaths ; but I say
unto you, swear not at all, neither by heaven, for it is God's throne,
nor by the earth, for it is God's footstool, neither by Jerusalem,
for it is the city of the Great King; neither shalt thou swear by thy
head, because thou canst not make one hair white nor black ; but let
your communication Ije yea, yea, nay, nay : for whatsoever is more
than these cometh of evil." And the Apostle James declared, "But
al:)Ove all things, my brethren, swear not, neither by heaven, neither
l)y the earth, neither by any other oath; but let your yea be yea,
and your nay nay, lest ye fall into condemnation.''

We therefore consider the prohibition to include judicial oaths,
and refuse for conscience' sake, either to administer or take an oath.
In courts of law and in the authentication of documents, instead
of taking an oath we make atBrmation to the truth of that which
we assert.

APPENDIX III.

DECLARATION OF FAITH.

As Stated in the Epistle of George Fox to the Governor of
Barbadoes, 1671.

For the Governor of Barbadoes, ^vitli his Council and Assembly,
and all others in power, both civil and military, in this island, from
the people called Quakers.

^Yherea■s^ ]Many scandalous lies and slanders have been cast upon
us to render us odious, as that we deny God, Christ Jesus, and the
Scriptures of truth, etc. : This is to inform you that all our books
and declarations, which for these many years have been published
to the world, clearly testify the contrarv; yet for your satisfaction
we now plainly and sincerely declare that we own and believe in the
only wise, omnipotent, and everlasting God, the Creator of all
tilings in heaven and in earth, and the Preserver of all that He hath
made; who is God over all, blessed forever; to whom be all honor,
giorv', dominion, praise, and thanksgiving, both now and for ever-
more. And we own and believe in Jesus Christ, His beloved and
only-begotten Son, in whom He is well pleased ; who was conceived
by the Holy Ghost and born of the Virgin Mary ; in whom we have
redemption through His blood, even the forgiveness of sins ; who is
the image of the invisible God, the first-born of ever}' creature, l3y
whom were all things created that are in heaven and in earth, vis-
ible and invisible, whether they l^e thrones, dominions, principal-
ities, or powers ; all tilings were created l^y Him. And we own and
believe that He was made a sacrifice for sin, who knew no sin,
neither was guile found in His mouth ; that He was crucified for us
in the flesh without the gates of Jerusalem; and that He was
buried, and rose again the third day by the power of His Father
for our justification; and that He ascended up into heaven, and
now sitteth at the right hand of God. This Jesus, who was the
foundation of the holy prophets and apostles, is our foundation;
and we believe there is no other foundation to be laid but that
which is laid, even Christ Jesus; who tasted death for every man,
shed His blood for all men, is the propitiation for our sins, and not
for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world ; according as

250 APPENDIX.

John the Baptist testified of Him wlien he said, "Behold the Lamb
of God, whicli taketh away the sin of the world/' John i, 29. We
believe that he alone is our Eedeemer and Saviour, the Captain of
our salvation (who saves us from sin, as well as from hell and the
wrath to come, and destroys the devil and his works) ; He is the
seed of the woman that bruiseth the serpent's head, to wit, Christ
Jesus, the Alpha and Omega, the First and the Last; He is (as the
Scriptures of truth say of Him) our wisdom, righteousness, sanc-
tification, and redemption; neither is there salvation in any other,
for there is no other name under heaven given among men whereby
we must be saved. He alone is the Shepherd and Bishop of our
souls ; He is our Prophet whom Moses long since testified of, saying,
"A j^rophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your
brethren, like unto me ; Him shall ye hear in all things, whatsoever
He shall say unto you; and it shall come to pass that every soul
which will not hear that Prophet shall be destroyed from among
the people," Acts ii, 22, 23. He it is that is now come, "and hath
given us an understanding, that we know Him that is true." He
rules in our hearts by His law of love and of life, and makes us free
from the law of sin and death. We have no life but by Him, for
He is the quickening Spirit, the second Adam, the Lord from
heaven, by whose blood we are cleansed, and our consciences
sprinkled from dead works to serve the living God. He is our
Mediator that makes peace and reconciliation between God offended
and us offending; He being the Oath of God, the new covenant of
light, life, grace, and peace, the author and finisher of our faith.
This Lord Jesus Christ, the heavenly man, the Emmanuel, God
with us, we all own and believe in; He whom the highpriest raged
against and said He had spoken blasphemy; whom the priests and
elders of the Jews took counsel together against and put to death ;
the same whom Judas betrayed for thirty pieces of silver, which the
priest gave him as a reward for liis treason; who also gave large
mxoney to the soldiers to broach an horrible lie, namely, "That His
disciples came and stole Him away by night wliilst they slept."
After He was risen from the dead, the history of the Acts of the
Apostles sets forth how the chief priests and elders persecuted the
disciples of this Jesus for preaching Christ and His resurrection.
This, we say, is that Lord Jesus Christ whom we own to be our life
and salvation.

APPENDIX. 251

Concerning the Holy Scriptures^ we believe that they were given
forth by the Holy Spirit of God^ through the holy men of God, who
(as the Scripture itself declares, 2 Peter i. 21) spake as they were
moved by the Holy Ghost. We believe they are to be read, believed
and fulfilled (He that fulfils them is Christ), and they are '^•'profit-
able for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in
righteousness, that the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly fur-
nished unto all good works," 2 Tim. iii. 16, 17 ; and are able to make
wise unto salvation, "through faith which is in Christ Jesus."'

We believe the Holy Scriptures are the words of God, for it is
said in Exodus xx. 1, "God spake all these words, saying," etc.,
meaning the Ten Commandments given forth upon Mount Sinai;
and in Eevelation xxii. 18, 19, saith John, "I testify unto every
man that heareth the words of the prophecy of tliis book. If any
man shall add unto these things." "And if any man shall take
away from the words of the book of this prophecy" (not the word).
So in Luke i. 20, "Because thou believest not my words;" and in
John V. 17 ; XV. 7 ; xiv. 23 ; xii. 17. So that we call the Holy Scrip-
tures, as Christ, the ilpostles, and holy men of God called them —
the words of God.

We declare that we esteem it a duty incumbent on us to pray
with and for, to teach, instruct, and admonish those in and belong-
ing to our families. This being a command of the Lord, disobe-
dience thereunto will provoke His displeasure, as may be seen in
Jeremiah x. 25 : "Tour out Thy fury upon the heathen that know
Thee not, and upon the families that call not upon Thy name."
ISTo^v, Negroes, Tawnies, and Indians make up a very great part
of the families in this island, for whom an account will be required
by Him who comes to judge both quick and dead, at the great day
of judgement, when every one shall be rewarded according to the
deeds done in the body, whether they be good or whether they be
evil — at that day, we say, of the resurrection both of the good and
of the bad, of the just and the unjust, "when the Lord Jesus shall
be revealed from heaven with His mighty angels in flaming fire,
taking vengeance on them that know not God and obey not the
Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ ; who shall be punished with ever-
lasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the
glory of His power; when He shall come to be glorified in His
Saints, and to be admired in all them that believe in that day."
2 Thess. i. 7, 10. See also 2 Peter iii. 3, 7.

APPENDIX IV.

PROMINENT FAMILIES.

THE DAVIS FAMILY.

It very often occurs in tracing a line of ancestors that an author
conies into possession of docnments not contemplated nor contained
in official records. These contributions, possessing all the charms
of variety, include also the value of original documents, are mainly
owing to data in the possession of private families, descendants of
those officially mentioned in the body of the book. The compiler
of this history of "Our Quaker Friends of Ye Olden Times" is
fortunate in this respect, for contributions from unexpected sources
have come in to such an extent, as to make him feel the embarrass-
ment of riches — so much so, that what to use and what to reject is
the main question, for to use all would swell this volume to un-
wonted dimensions.

However, since the comioilation of these sketches began, we have
come into the possession of documents giving so fully and clearly
the genealogy and necrology of several prominent families whose
descendants are numerous to-day, that, as an item of additional in-
terest to the book, we publish them in full

William Davis, Sr., son of John Davis and Susanna Smithson
Davis, was Iwrn August 13, 1755. Married Mary Gosney, born
January 15, 1755, located in Lynchburg. Both buried at South
Eiver. He died March 19, 1853.

Micajah Davis, Sr., located in Bedford county. William Davis,
Jr., son of William Davis, Sr., born July 3, 1770, married Zalinda
Lynch, daughter of John Lynch, the founder of Ljnichburg. Both
buried at Quaker Meeting House. John Davis, son of William
Davis, Jr., was born September 21:, 1774, married Hannah An-
thon}^, daughter of Christopher Anthon}^, July 7, 1805. Eemoved
to Cincinnatti in 1814, died August 13, 1830. Thomas Davis, born
February 18, 1777, married Eachel Davis. Micajah Davis, Jr., son
of j\Iicajah Davis, Sr., born May 24, 1779, married Mary C. Gwat-
kin. John Davis, son of Micajah Davis, Jr., married Ann Jen-
nings. Henry Davis, born November 21, 1779, married Sarah An-
thony, July 10, 1811, died December 11, 1863. Susan Davis, born
April 29, 1780, died unmarried. Elizabeth, born December 5, 1782,
died unmarried. Benjamin Davis, born June 5, 1785, married

APPENDIX. 253

Catharine Gilbert, (date not given). Isaac Joseph Davis, born
November 10, 1T88, died unmarried. Mary Davis, born March 25,
1790, married Cornelius Pierce, (no date given). Xancy Davis,
born October 26, 1792, married Peter Dudley, January 31, 1814.
Louisa Davis, born March 4, 1795, died unmarried. Deborah
Davis, born April, 25, 1797, unmarried. Samuel and Jolin and
Sarah L3-nch Davis, never married. Mary Annis Davis, born Febru-
ary 26, 1805, married Eobinson Stabler, of Alexandria, Ya., in jSTo-
vember, 1828. Ann Maria Davis, born February 26, 1806, (these
were twins), married Achilles Pugh, of Cincinnati, August 23,
1832, died Februarv 1-1, 1877. Mary Jordan Davis, born October 10,
1808, married Caleb Ta^dor, of Cincinnati, January 1, 1830, died
May 9, 1875. Samuel, (second) born August 12, 1809, married
Eebecca Wallace, of Eushville, Ind., died July 2, 1887. Sarah
Annis Davis, born March 8, 1811, married Hugh Smith, of In-
dianapolis, Ind., died in jSTovember, 1888. Charlotte, born Febru-
ary 21, 1813, died September 16, 1888. William, born March 23,
1815, died in 1837. John, born April 15, 1818, died in October,
1832. Charles, born July 11, 1820, died in 1836. Hannah Davis,
born October 21, 1823, married Henry Stagg, of St. Louis, in 1842.
All these, beginning with Mary Annis Davis, who married Achilles
Pugh, of Cincinnati, were descendants of Jolin Davis and Hannah
Anthony, who moved to Cincinnati in 1814.

FAiiiLY OF Samuel Davis. — Married Anne Lipscombe, August
15, 1769, who located near Green Springs, Louisa county, who after-
wards moved to Bedford county, where he died in 1779. First,
Samuel Lipscombe Davis, who died young; second, George Dixon
Davis, born June 10, 1805, and died in 1840. He married Mary A.
Wills, March 4, 1840, and died in 1879. Fourth, John Thomas
Davis, who married Margaret Preston (no dates given). All buried
at Quaker Meeting House.

Family of Thomas Davis. — Born February 18, 1877, and mar-
ried Eachel Davis. Children : First, Annis Elizabeth, who married
Pleasant Preston. Second, Micajah, who married, first, Mary E.
Phillips, and then Sallie W. Seldon, who died in 1884. Third,
Zalinda Lynch Davis, who married Frazier 0. Stratton.

Childrex of Micajah Davis. — Married Mary C. Gwatkin.
First, William, who married a Miss Alexander, (first name not
given). Second, Charles, died unmarried. Third, Samuel Gwat-

254 APPENDIX.

kin, unmarried. Fourth, John Gwatkin, unmarried. Fifth, Mary
Annis, unmarried. Sixth, Margaret, unmarried. The family of
this Micajah Davis, unless William Davis left issue by his mar-
riage with Miss Alexander, became extinct.

Children of Johk Davis^ who Married Ann Jennings. —
First, William Minor Davis, who married ^STannie Hunter Eubanl^:.
Second, Christopher Davis, who married, but name of wife is not
given. Third, Mary Jane Davis, who married John Henry.

Children of Henry Davis, born jSTovember 21, 1779, and mar-
ried Sarah Anthony, July 10, 1811. First, Samuel Anthony Davis,
married, but name of wife not given, died September 13, 1821.
Second, William Henry Davis, born December 23, 1802, died
August 6, 1803. Third, Mary, born July 26, 1804, married, but
husband's name not given. Fourth, Charles, born November 30,
1806. Fifth, Sarah A. Davis, born January 9, 1811, married first,
William Smith, and secondly. Rev. Franklin G. Smith, rector of
St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Lynchburg, May 29, 1838, and moved
to Columbia, Tennessee, in January, 1871. Sixth, James Davis,
born September 16, 1813, married, but wife's name not given.
Seventh, Eobert Jordan Davis, born i^ugust 13, 1815, and married
Ann Cabell, of Amherst county, Va. Eighth, Alexander Chris-
topher Davis, born December 12, 1817, wife's name not given.
Ninth, James Frederick Davis, born May 23, 1820, died in infancy.
Tenth, Lucy Elizabeth Davis, born March 23, 1822, married
William Tudor Yancey, dates of marriage and death not given.

Children of Mary Davis,, born March 25, 1790, who married
Cornelius Pierce: Mary Pierce, who married Benjamin Brown;
Susan, who married James D. Taylor ; Louisa, who married Luns-
ford Lomax Loving Robinson, name of wife not given.

Children of Nancy Davis, who married Peter Dudley: John
W., who married Andalusia Fourqueron, both of whom died in
1878; Thomas Stevens, who died unmarried; Mary Elizabeth, who
married Capt. Thomas W. Johns ; Fanny Jane, who married James
F. Payne; Nancy Davis, died in infancy; Peter L., who married
Elizabeth Saunders; Henry D., died in San Francisco, unmarried;
Louisa S., died in infancy; Deborah Ann, who married Rev. AY. H.
Kinckle in Lynchburg; Maria Rose, who married J. Edward Cal-
houn, and Robert L., no record.

APPENDIX. 255

Children of Samuel Davis, son of Evan Davis, of Georgia, who
moved to Kentucky: Hon. Jefferson Davis, U. S. Senator, Secre-
tary of War, President of Confederate States, born in Christian
county, 1808, first married Pocahontas Taylor, daughter of Gen.
Zachary Ta^dor, secondly. Miss Elizabeth Hayes, died December
11, 1889.

CHiLDREjf OF x4.XN Maria Davis,, who married Achilles Pugh, of
Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1832: Esther Pugh, born August 31, 1834,
never married; John Davis Pngh, born March 10, 1838, married
Laura Fay; Mary Taylor Pugh, born September 26, 1840, married
John Widman, November 29, 1865; Achiljes H., born November
24, 1846, married Mary L. Darr, June 14, 1875.

Children of Mary Jordan Davis, who married Caleb Taylor,
of Cincinnati : Hanna Taylor, born September 2, 1832, married
Murray Shipley, May 22, 1851, died November 19, 1871; William
H., M. D., born December 25, 1836, married first, Charlotte French,
December 17, 1861, secondly, Mary Haines, 1871, thirdly, Helen
Collord, 1880; Elizabeth L. Taylor, born January 27, 1839, married
George Dean, July 25, 1868; Ann M., born June 20, 1841, married
E. L. Johnson, October 27, 1864.

Children of Samuel Davis and Rebeccah (Wallace) Davis:
John Wallace Davis, born in 1841, married in St. Louis; Charles
H., married Florence Stagg, of St. Louis; Ellen H., born in 1844,
married Charles Braithwait, of Kendall, England, living there now ;
Caleb T. lives in St Louis.

Children of Sarah Annis Davis, who married Hugh Smith,
of Indianapolis : Colonna Smith, who died young ; Anna Mary
Smith, unmarried.

Children of Hannah Davis, who married Henry Stagg, of
St. Louis in 1842. First, Charles Henry, (no dates). Second,
Virginia Isabella, married "Moses" Forbes. Third, William
Stagg, married, living in Springfield, Mo. Fourth, Charlotte, noth-
ing recorded. Fifth, Henry, nothing recorded.

Children of George Dixon Davis, who married Mary Ann
Wills, March 4, 1840. First, John W., born April 20, died May
18, 1869. Second, Thomas Dixon, born April 16, 1841. Third,
Mary Virginia, born March 7, 1845, who married P. A. Krise,
Lynchburg, Va., September 30, 1868. Fourth, Alice Smith, born

256 APPENDIX.

January 3, 1847. Fifth^, George W., died in infancy. Sixth,
Eaehel Ellen, died young. Seventh, Samuel B., died in hi.s 24th
year. Eighth, Mieajah Preston, born April 21, 1855, married
Maude Mathews. Ninth, Creed Wills, born June 12, 1857, mar-
ried Jennie Lybrook, August 18, 1885. Tenth, Ei chard Taylor,
born August 23, 1863, died in infancy.

Children of John Thomas Davis, who married Margaret
Preston: First, Mary Elizabeth, who married Camillus Christian.
Second, Margaret Preston. Third, Thomas, killed during Civil
War.

Children of Annis Elizabeth Davis,, who married Pleasant
Preston. First, Samuel D., who married Miss Saunders. Second,
Thomas S., who married Miss JSTannie Preston. Third, Elizabeth,
no record. Fourth, John B. Prof., Bowling Green, Ky. Fifth,
George, lived and died in Ljnichburg. Sixth, Pleasant, married,
name not given.

Children of Micajah Davis, who married, first, Ellen E.
Phillips, secondly, SalUe W. Selden in 1884. First, Thomas Ed-
ward, lives in Xew Orleans, married Mollie Moore, of Texas.
Second, Mary Annis, married W. W. Berry, died without issue.
Third, Samuel Philjips, married Laura West, of Belleville, 111.
Fourth, John Micajah, married Jennie Phillips, of Memphis, Tenn.

Children of Zalinda Lynch Davis, who married F. 0. Strat-
ton. First, Nannie E., married Dr. Marcellus Christian, of U. S.
and C. S. navies. Second, Ellen Beaufort, married Eev. E. S.
Gregory. Third, George Wadsworth, married Clara Hoffman.

Children of William Minor Davis, who married Nannie
Hunter Eul^ank. First, Thomas N. Davis, born May 7, 1842, mar-
ried V. Blanche Thompson, February 11, 1874. Second, Jane
Minor, changed to Jane Eubank.

Children of Christopher Davis. First, Margaret Newman
Davis, married Charles P. Hendricks. Second, Friend W. Davis.

Children of Mary Jane Davis, who married John Henry.
First, John Henry. Second, William D. Henry. Third, Kinckle
Henry, died in infancy.

Children of Mary Davis, who married Cornelius Pierce. First,
Mary Puree, married Benjamin Brown. Second, Susan, married
James D. Taylor. Third, Louisa, who married L. L. Loving^
Fourth, Eobinson.

APPENDIX. 257

Geandchildrek of ISTancy Davis, who married Peter Dudley,
January 31, ISl-i. First, Ellen Dudley, who married William A,
Webb. Second, Eliza F., married W. L. Mallory. Third, Thomas
E., who never married. W. E. Dudle}^, never married; John M.
Dudley, never married; Andalusia married F. D. Tullidge; jSTancy
married John Taylor; Peter E., married Mary Shaw; George E.,
married Annie Bachman; James Saunders Dudley, married Helen
Younger; William Henry Dudley, no record; Grace D. Kinckle,
married W. S. Adams.

Geandchildken of Anna Maeia Davis, who married A. D.
Pugh, of Cincinnati. First, Achilles H., born March 13, 1876.
Second, Therese Josephine, born October 21, 1879.

Grandchildren of Mary Jordan Davis, who married Caleb
Taylor, of Cincinnati, in 1830. First, Mary L. Shijaley, born
October 23, 1883. Second, Anna Charlotte, born May 18, 1885.

[Note. — The name of Minor, which frequently is found in con-
nection with the names of the Davises, is not a family name, but
was first used as a designation to indicate minority, and was after-
wards used as a middle name. In closing this list of the Davis
family we have followed copy furnished the editor, and whatever
mistakes may have been made, we flatter ourselves that this record
for accuracy, at least, cannot be well surpassed in such a multitude
of names. It wil,l be noted also that the ancestry of such distin-
guished men as Jefferson Davis, ]\Iark Hanna and many others
reacliing as far back as the third and fourth generations will be
found in this list.]

THE JORDAN FAMILY.

No family in the state perhaps has a more undisputed and clearer
line of descent, than that of Jordan. Beginning with Samuel Jor-
dan, who was wrecked on the Text Bermoothes in 1608, with Sir
George Somers, arrived in Jamestown in 1609. Member of House
of Burgesses, mentioned in census of 1623. Also two daughters
by his wife Cicely, Mary and Margaret, aged two and four years.
We have an almost unbroken record terminating with James Eobert
Jordan in 1872, a long period of 172 years, beginning with Thomas
Jordan, his son.

Here is the record as we find it: Thomas Jordan, son of Samuel,
born 1600; married; wife's name not given; was a soldier under

258 APPENDIX.

Yeardly; had a land grant 1624; a member of House of Burgesses.
Then comes the following entry: Samuel, of 1632, and Eobert
killed by Indians in great massacre of 1622. They left the follow-
ing children: Eichard, living in 1679; had a son living in 1739;
also John and ^Nicholas. Then comes Thomas Jordan, born in
1634, who married Margaret Brasheres, and died in 1699. He
was a son of Thomas Jordan, who served under Yeardley. He
left the following children : Thomas Jordan, born 6th of January,
1660, who married Ehzabeth Burgh 1679; John, born 1663,
married Margaret Burgh, 1688; James, 1665, married Elizabeth
Eatcliffe, 1688; died 1695; Eobert, born July llth, 1688, Minister
Society of Friends, married Christian Outland 1687, married again
Mary Bolson 1690. Four other children, no names or dates given.

James Jordan (brother), born llth month, 23d, 1665; married
Ann Eatcliffe, 3d month, 29th, 1688. Children of same: first,

John Jordan, born 1689; second, Elizabeth, married Scott;

James (twin brother), born 1689, died 1782, aged 93.

The children by the marriages of Eichard and James Jordan
bring us in unbroken succession until we reach the official records
of the Quaker churches given in the body of this book. Hence we
close the record here at 1690. 215 years ago.

THE LYNCH, CLARK AND MOORMAN FAMILIES.

As might have been anticipated, these large and influential
families, most of whom, with the exception of the Lynch family,
were Friends, figure prominently in the history of Our Quaker
Friends of Ye Olden Times. As is well known, the Lynch family
came from Ireland and were Catholics.

Beginning with Col. Charles Lynch, of Lynch law fame, we have
the following record. He was born in 1736, married Anna Terrell
January 12, 1755; died October 29, 1796. His children: First,
Charles, who married Sarah Adams, his first cousin. Second,
Anselm, who married Mrs. Susan Baldwin (nee Miller), in 1799;
he was bom June 8th, 1764, died February 18, 1826. Third, Capt.
"Staunton" John Lynch, l)orn in 1767; married his first cousin,
Anna Terrell, and died in Tennessee in 1810. Christopher, never
married. Sally Lynch, married her first cousin, Capt. Chas.
Lynch Terrell. Sarah Lynch, born in 1738 ; married Micajah
Terrell in 1754, John Lynch, the reputed founder of Lynchburg,

APPENDIX. 259

was bom in 1740; married Mary Bowles; died in 1820, leaving a
large family. First, Mattida (evidently Matilda), born in 1769;
married Enoch Eoberts 1789. Second, Zalinda, born February
6th, 1773 ; married William Davis, Jr., May 13, 1793. Third, Ed-
ward B., born in 177-1; married Mary Terrell in 1796, and died in
Waynesville. Sarah, born in 1777, died in 1701. John, born in
1779. Hannah, who died in 1817. Christopher, born 1783. Mary,
born in 1781, married Alexander Liggatt. Charles Clark Lynch,
born in 1787, died in 1811. Anselm, bom in 1793, also died in
1814. Howard, bom in 1796. William, married Jane Humphrey.
Micajah, married Ann Moorman. Penelppe, daughter of Chris-
topher Lynch, who married Ann Ward, died unmarried. Eecur-
ring to the descendants of John Lynch, and beginning with Ed-
ward B. Lynch, who married Mary Terrell, we find the following
list of cliildren: Chas. Edward, born October 30, 1804; Chris-
topher, bom in 1807; Mary, bom in 1808; Matilda, born in 1811,
married Chas. Albert Withers; Elizabeth xA.nn, born in 1813,
married Dr. Eichard Pretlow, of Covington, Ky.

THE CLARK FAMILY.

xlnother family, with a well kept record, is that of the Clarks.
Beginning with Micajah Clark, born September 16th, 1718, and
Judith (Adams), his wife, we have an almost unbroken record for
187 years. To give this entire record, would require space suf-
ficient for a volume in itself, and we must content ourselves with
an abridgement to points of special interest, such as an account of
their marriages into other prominent families of today, etc. We
find then, that Elizabeth Clark, evidently a sister of Micajah
Clark, bom May 3, 1713, married Joseph Anthony, April 28, 1741,
who died November 33, 1785. It is an interesting fact that Mark
Anthony Haden, living near Evington, Campbell county, Vir-
ginia, and John Anthony, near Cascade, Virginia., are lineal descen-
dants in the sixth generation of this Joseph Anthony. We also
find the Anthonys and their descendants inter-married with the
Moormans, the Lynches, Pendletons, Couches, Winstons, Davises,
Terrells, Garlands, Eandolphs and Baldwins. But as many of
these facts are briefly related in the body of this book, we omit them
here.

260 APPENDIX.

THE TERRELL FAMILY.

According to historical and traditional evidence, the family of
Terrell is of i\.nglo-Nornian origin, and was founded in England by
Sir Walter Tyrrell, a J^orman Knight, abont 1066, when AYilliam
the Conqueror took possession of that country. The ancient ortho-
graphy of the name was Tyrell, Terrail, Tyrrell, etc., until the
form of Terrell was adopted by our direct ancestors several centu-
ries ago, and the name has generally been so spelled to the present
day, though some of the branches use the form of Terrill.

From this old Anglo-Xorman stock descended three brothers
named William, James and John Terrell, of English birth, who,
during the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell, being Quakers and
grievously persecuted on account of their religion, passed over
into Ireland as English colonists "'within the Pale," and after a
temporary residence emigrated from thence to America, the date
being some time l^etween the years 1665 and 1700. William Terrell,
the first ancestor of the family branch in this country, settled in
the Colony of A^irginia; one of the other brothers settled in I^orth
Carolina near A'^irginia. and the other brother is supposed to have
settled in Xew England, but whether he founded a family in that
Colony, or died without male issue, is not known. Another tra-
dition is that the "three brothers'' were sent to A'irginia l)y King
James the Second of England, about A. D., 1687, a^^ explorers and
huntsmen for the crown, and that they were each awarded for their
services a royal grant of fifteen hundred acres of land in the coun-
ties of Hanover, Caroline and King George.

William TerreU, of the first generation married and had three
sons: 1, David, Senior; 2, Henry, and 3, James.

David Terrell, Senior, of the second generation, was born in
A'irginia, where he married and had ten children, seven sons and
three daughters. Of this family we have scarcely any record, ex-
cept as to one son, viz :

Henry Terrell, called "the First" to distinguish him from his
son of the same name. He was a member of the Society of Friends,
a lawyer by profession, and very wealthy. He lived in Hanover
and subsequently in Caroline county. He married Anna Chiles,
of an eminent A^irginia family, by whom he had nine children,
four sons and five daughters. One of the sons, George Terrell,

APPENDIX. 261

was a soldier of the Eevolution and fought at Camden, S. C,
under Gen. Gates. Another son was Thomas Terrell, 1st, (sec-
ond of that name), who married Eebecca Peters, and many of their
descendants removed to Ohio. Ursula married a Mr. Raglan, and
Abagail married Col. Durrett, of Albemarle county, Virginia. We
haye scarcely any trace of Charles, Anna, Mary and Xancy. An-
other son was Henry Terrell, the 2d. He was of the 4th generation,
and was born in Caroline county, in the year 1735, where he was
brought up. He afterwards lived in Spottsylvania county. He
married Mary Tyler, a daughter of Captain William Tyler, of
Spottsylvania county, where they lived until the year 1787, when
they emancipated their slaves and removed with their nine children
to the District of Kentucky, and settled in Montgomery county.
He was a pious member of the Society of Friends and the last of the
immediate family who belonged to that sect. He died in Kentucky
in 1811, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. The family record is
ver}^ complete of all his cliildren except as to Henrj^ Chiles Terrell,
George Terrell and their sisters, Mary and Elizabeth. Anna C. and
Catharine died young. Eichard Terrell lived many years in
ISTatchez and New Orleans, and died in the last named city in 1845.
Zachariah Terrell was a Captain of Kentucky troops under General
Jackson at New Orleans, and died in Spencer county, Kentucky, in
1861. The other son bore the name of John Terrell. He was of
the fifth generation, born in Spottsylvania county, Virginia, in
1772, and when about fifteen years old removed with his parents to
Montgomer}' county, Kentuck}^ where he grew to manhood and be-
came noted as an Indian fighter. He was a soldier in Colonel
Hardin's regiment of Kentuckians and served in two expeditions
against the Indians on the northern frontier under Generals Har-
mar and Wayne. He married Abba Allan, of Montgomery county,
in 1797. She was a sister of Hon. Chilton Allan, of Kentucky,
who afterward became a prominent law}'er and statesman in that
State. John Terrell in the earl}^ part of this century lived for
several 3"ears in Indiana Territory, and in 1807 was com-
missioned by Governor Harrison a Captain in the territorial militia
service. In consequence of a severe wound which permanently dis-
abled him, he moved back to Kentuck}" in 1810, and died in Louis-
ville the next year. John Terrell and Abba Allan Terrell had eight
children, five sons and three daughters, all of whom were bom in

262 APPENDIX.

Kentucky (except Arch Allan Terrell who was born in Indiana Ter-
ritory), and of them our records are full and complete. They were
of the sixth generation, and are all dead except Aunt Maria
(Hobbs), who is still living, in her seventy-ninth year, at Colum-
bus, Indiana. The writer, AY. H. H. Terrell, is of the seventh
generation, and Avas born in Henry county, Kentucky, in 1827.

Of the Ten-ells of Caroline, one branch of the family moved to
CamjDbell county, Virginia, for we find that as early as February
10th, 1754, Micajah Terrell married Sarah Lynch, sister of
Col. Chas. Lynch, of Lynch law fame, while the doughty Colonel
himself married Anna Terrell, Micajalrs sister, January 13, 1755.
We will remark in conclusion that marriages of first cousins w^ere
much more common in those days among the wealthy than at pres-
ent, and there was a reason for it, as property in those days was
mainly confined to land and slaves, and the great land-owners en-
couraged their children to intermarry with their cousins in order
to keep the property in the family.

APPENDIX V.

COLONIAL CHURCH.

CEDAR CREEK, FAMOUS QUAKER MEETING HOUSE, PREY

OF TIME.

One of the few remaining old colonial churches is Cedar Creek
Quaker Church, which is situated in upper Hanover count}^, Vir-
ginia, near ]\Iontpelier post-oiSce. It was constructed in the year
1770. Its architect and builder was a man named Kimbrough.
Most of the material of which it is built was brought from Eng-
land. The body is of brick, and the old-fashioned steep roof was
formerly covered with shingles. It has large galleries on all sides.
The main body contains two rooms, although it may be converted
into one by a movable partition. In olden times it was the custom
of this church for the ladies to sit in one room, and the men in the
other. The body of the church is sixty by forty feet. The window
blinds, doors, &c., are of solid heart pine plank. The old fashioned
substantial woodwork on the interior is of heart pine, and is as
sound as when placed there. All of tliis, of course, was sawed.

At one time the church had a large membership, and at the big
meetings thousands would often gather here. Eev. Nathaniel C.
Crenshaw and John Bacon Crenshaw were two of the prominent old
pastors. With little hopes of this fast diminisliing denomination
ever again getting any foothold here, the church a short time ago
was sold.

This old structure, which is an interesting landmark, and a model
of ancient architecture, is situated amidst a gloomy forest of pine
and cedar, which now grow almost up to its walls, and near it runs
a stream of clear, sweet water, known as Cedar Creek.

[KoTE. — The South Eiver meeting was established in 1757, and
^laid down' 1858, and in 1902, the old building was sold to the
Presbjrterians, some of whose members are descended from the
Quakers who once worshiped here.

Cedar Creek meeting was established in 1739, and "laid down"
in about 1874. The meeting-house was built in 1797, and de-
stroyed by forest fire in 1904.

Golansville meeting was established in 1739, and 'laid down" in
1853. The building went to decay and the land reverted to the
heirs of the Friend who gave the land.]

ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO.

A Beautiful Poem on the Old Quaker Meeting House (South River).

[The poetic lines below will be appreciated by those who have vis-
ited the I'uins of the old Quaker Meeting House not far from Lynch-
burg. The author of the poem, Mrs. Lucy Eandolph Fleming,
wife of Eev. Dr. E. H. Fleming, died July, 1900. The poem has
been extensively copied. It originally appeared in Harper's Bazar,
and is entitled, "The Old Meeting House, 1794-1894."]

The blue hills rise in stately strength.

Streams ripjDle soft below,
As on those long-gone Sabbath days,

One himdred years ago,

When in these crumbling, roofless walls.

Where birds flit to and fro.
The Quaker fathers worshiped God

One hundred years ago.

And word of truth, or praise, or j)rayer,

In measured tone, and slow.
Was spoken as the Spirit moved

One hundred years ago.

Here many a calm and saintly brow

Seemed lit by Heaven's glow.
And caught the promised peace of God

One hundred years ago.

Perhaps just here the sunshine fell

On golden heads below.
Where children lifted patient e3^es

One hundred years ago.

APPENDIX. 265

Here youth and maidens primly sat

In silent, decorous roAV,
But, as to-day, Love stole his glance

One hundred years ago.

In ancient graves, where trailing vines

And tender wild flowers grow.
Sleep those whose footsteps thither turned

One hundred years ago.

Long have these altar fires been cold.

And only ruins show
The temple holy to the Lord

One hundred years ago.

But true and simple faith abides,

Though centuries onward flow —
The fathers did not build in vain
Wlio reared this modest forest fane

One hundred years ago.

APPENDIX VI.

THE DIARY OF JOHN B. CRENSHAW.

From " Southern Heroes."

Virginia Friends had become so reduced by emigration that the
yearly meeting was laid down in 18-i-i. At the close of the war
there were only four small meetings left, viz., Black Creek, Somer-
ton, Cedar Creek and Eichmond. These formed what was then and
is now known as the A^irginia Half Year's Meeting. It belongs to
Baltimore Yearly Meeting, as does Hopewell Meeting, near Win-
chester. Each of these meetings had its trying experiences, and the
few men of legal age belonging to them were claimed by the strong
hand of military law.

At Eichmond meeting, John B. Crenshaw was the minister. He
was bom May 2, 1820, at the home occupied by him during the
war. In 1860 he married his second wife, Judith Willets, who sur-
vives him. His father, ISTathaniel C. Crenshaw, had been a soldier
in the war of 1812, but becoming convinced of the principles of
peace and the sinfulness of slavery, he joined the Society of Friends
and became a minister. His life was several times threatened on
account oi his pronounced and freely expressed opinions. He was
unwilling to receive slaves by inheritance, and suffered much on that
account. It was said that he was the means of freeing more than
three hundred slaves, and he lived to see all the colored people in
tliis country free. He died in 1866 at a good old age.

John B. Crenshaw was much interested in church matters, and
was a strong peace man. Five miles north of the city he had a
pleasant home, and kept open house for all Friends traveling in
the ministry or on other church service. Giving to his acquaintance
and influence with men of authority, he was often called upon to
aid Friends and Dunkards who were drafted or conscripted into the
Southern army.

His widow has kindly given access to many letters and papers
which show plainly how these unfortunate people depended upon
his assistance, and looked to him to secure their release from prison
cr from the army. In many cases they did not look in vain. It
is very apparent that they had great love for him and confidence in

APPENDIX. 267

liim. She states that he finally gave up his time almost exclusively
to looking after the interests of these people. He labored by day
and by night, often making long journeys, sometimes on foot, to
visit the Friends who were sick, in prison, or in the army. Look-
ing carefully into the merits of individual cases, and usually being
able to ^Dresent a clear case, the officials came to have great confi-
dence in him, and for tliis reason and because of their regard for
h.im as a Christian minister, they usually granted his requests. Be-
sides the service thus rendered, his house was frequently for weeks
the home of those whom he was serving.

For about two years he edited and published the "Southern
Friend," which became a necessity, as the people were unable to
secure the publications of their Northern brethren, and they were
so often misunderstood and maligned in the public press that some
means of being correctly represented before the people was quite
important.

The committee that came from North Carolina in the interest of
their members came to John B. Crenshaw's house and worked with
his advice and assistance. Friends of North Carolina appreciated
his services. He was cut off from Baltimore Friends, with whom
he really belonged, and for the time being he was identified with
North Carolina Yearly Meeting, and the Friends learned to es-
teem him very highly "for his works' sake," as well as on account
of his general nature. He kept a diary, at least a part of the time,
during his busy life in these tr}dng times. Having liberty to quote
therefrom, we make a few extracts, which will serve to give the
reader some idea of his continued activity in the cause of peace and
good will to men.

Under date of Fourth month 18th, 1861, he Avrites : "Attending
the sittings of the Pliiladelphia Yearly Meeting. There is great
excitement. Mobs going about forcing suspected persons to hoist
the United States flag. It is indeed a very trying time, both in
church and state."

"19th. Left Philadelphia about 11 p. m. We reached Baltimore
on the 20th. Found the railroad bridge was burning. The cars we
ccme in were promptly filled with soldiers, who went back and
burned the bridges we had just crossed. We were left outside the
city. Hired a carriage to the Washington depot. In Washington
we found the Potomac boats in the hands of the government. We

268 APPENDIX.

went to Alexandria, Va., by a boat which, on arrival, was seized by
Covernor Letcher of Virginia. Eeached home safely, for which I
trust we are truly thankful."

"28th. No heart to write, feeling too depressed with the condi-
tion of my beloved country. 0 Virginia ! That thy counselors may
in faith look to the only true God for guidance, is the prayer of my
heart.'"'

"5th month 29th. Father Crenshaw came down to try to get to
Baltimore to the meeting for sufferings. We felt called to petition
the powers that be, on behalf of peace."

"6th month 2d. Our poor little meeting nearly broken up."

"7th month 30th. I rode around the neighborhood to see if I
could raise anything for the sick in Eiclimond. All that I saw
promised to send something."

"7th month 31st. Visited four hospitals for the sick and wound-
ed soldiers. Most of them comfortably situated, but many of them
wounded and suffering much."

"8th month 14th. Again made collections for and \dsited the
sick."

"10th month 7th. A long and interesting meeting, during which
a document was issued setting forth the condition of Friends in
the present distressed condition of the country."

"13th month llth. Father asked permission of meeting to
visit the Federal prisoners in the city; I to accompany him, should
we get the permit from the proper authorities."

"12th month 22d. Father and I had a satisfactory meeting with
the Federal officers, then with some of their men in Libljy prison
Eiclimond. On last Seventh-day I went to meet an appointment
with the Massachusetts men. Had a very satisfactory meeting, and
was urged to come again.

"1st month 23rd, 1862. Went with father to visit Federal pris-
oners, with some of whom we had a meeting. Some seemed serious,
but others careless and noisy. Distributed Testaments and other
books, which were gratefully received.

"1st month 30th. Again, with father, had some very interest-
ing meetings with Federal prisoners. Distributed more Testa-
ments. The men seemed gTateful, and some manifested a very
tender spirit."

APPENDIX. 269

"4th month 4th. Went with Isham Cox and others to attend
meeting for sufferings held at Deep Eiver. An exceedingly interest-
ing occasion. The situation of young Friends subject to military
call claimed most serious attention, and a memorial was prepared
and a committee appointed to present it to their State Convention,
now in session."

"4th month 16th. On reaching Eiclmiond found Dr. Xicholson
and Joseph Elliott awaiting me, and on the 18th father and I went
with them to see the President. After waiting for hours we were
informed that we could not see him before 9 p. m., at his residence,
wliither we repaired at that hour. Were politely received, but he
positively refused to accede to the petition wliich we presented, re-
questing him to send a message to Congress recommending that
Friends be released from military duty on account of religious
scruples. He said he refused on the ground that it would be spe-
cial legislation and open the door against us for further persecu-
tion in a future day."

"4th month 2.3d. Several balloons in sight, supposed to have in
them Federals reconnoitering. About 6 a. m. we heard what seem-
ed to be heav}^ firing at or near the head of Mechanicsville turnpike.
There is a picket this afternoon at my bridge. Oh, that we may be
able to maintain our principles as followers of the Prince of
Peace I"

"4th month 24th. Went to Aunt Crenshaw's. They were expect-
ing the Federal army about noon. We learn that several were
killed in the skirmish this morning. A large number of Confed-
erate soldiers camped on and around my farm, expecting to fight
tomorrow."

"4th month 25th. Sent my wife and children to father's; so
many soldiers coming in and out."

"4th month 26th. Quiet in this neighborhood today."

"4th month 28th. Went to meeting. The few Friends seemed
glad indeed to see me. Hurried home on account of the soldiers.
They are constantly wanting something, milk or something to eat
and I supply them freely."

"4th month 29th. A large division of the army on the road.
Gen. D. H. Hill has selected my house as his headquarters. The
Crenshaw and Johnson batteries are camped in the woods back of

270 APPENDIX.

my barn^ and from there all across the country the woods are full
of soldiers."

"4th month 30th. Busy all day waiting on the soldiers, who are
constantly calling for something."

"5th month 31st. General Hill moved his headquarters to Vass,
and General Gregg took up his at the house, having previously been
below the hill."

"6th month 1st. Went to our little meeting. Saw many wound-
ed brought from the battlefields of yesterday and today, in which it
is supposed that more than two thousand Confederate soldiers were
killed."

"6th month 4tli. Continual crowd and care. A very stormy
night. The poor soldiers must have suffered. My porches were
full, and some of the sick were in the dwelling-house. Three
houses in the woods full, and many lie in the barn and shelters.
Many quite sick."

"6th month 4th. Many sick soldiers left in my house and out-
buildings, some with measles and some with pneumonia.^'

"6th month 9th. Two of the sick dead."

"6th month 13th. Pressed my wagon today to carry off the sick.
All gone from the house but one. One poor man buried today,
making three here."

"6th month 23d. We hear much cannon firing here today, some
so near we can see the smoke from the guns and see the shells
burst."

"6th month 28th. Fighting continues. Many lives lost on both
sides."

"6th month 29th. We hear that the Federals have been cut off
from York river and driven across the Chickahominy."

"7th month 9tli. Father and I at meeting at Jane Whitlock^s
house, our meeting-house having been taken possession of by the
government." (The meeting-house was at that time at JSTineteenth
and Gary streets, one square distant from Libby prison.)

"8th month 8th. Whiting's division of the Confederate army
encamped on our farm. Left next day, having taken some pota-
toes and fruit and stripped plank from many panels of the fence,
etc. Upon the whole. I tliink we have cause to be thankful that we
are not more injured. The officers placed a guard over the orchard,
potatoes and houses."

APPENDIX. 271

"8th month 27th. John Carter and ISTerens Mendenhall here, to
present a memorial from North Carolina Meeting for Sufferings to
the Congress of the United States. A copy is placed on the desk of
each member.'*'

"8th month 28th. Went with Friends to see if we could get
Thomas Elliott out of prison, but General Winder had received no
reply from Petersburg, where he had sent for information. By
appointment we met Miles, the chairman, and other members of the
militar}' committee of the House, to explain, as well as we could,
our principles on war. They asked us many close questions, which
I trust we were led to answer to their satisfaction, as they express-
ed themselves so at the close, and I feel that we have cause for grati-
tude for help received on that interesting occasion. We hear that
the committee of the House has already united in recommending
that Friends and Dunkards be exempted from military duty, etc."

"Sth month 29th. General Winder released Thomas Elliott on
condition that I would give receipt for him and have him forth-
coming when called for. On the 31st he was called for, and I had
to give bond for $500 for his return whenever called."

"10th month 1st. Letters from Dr. Mendenhall, asking my at-
tention to the cases of several young men."

"10th month loth. I failed to find the young men, but met
at camp here a number of other young Friends."

"10th month 17th. Went to look up some young men. Jona-
than Harris here for same purpose."

"10th month 18th. Went with J. Harris. We paid the tax for
five Friends and three Dunkards $1000. Put in a petition for
Jesse Gordon, who professes to be a Friend in principle. The Sec-
retary of War agreed to pass him as a Friend, much to our relief."

"10th month 19th. The Friends and Dunkards from Camp Lee
came to our little meeting today."

"10th month 20th. Jonathan Harris and I got off young Gordon
at the war office. Met some of the Virginia Dunkards brought here
as conscripts, some of whom had paid the $500 tax into the State
treasur}^ At their request I drew up a petition to the Secretary of
War asking that those who had paid the tax might be allowed to
return home until the Legislature meets, when they hope to be al-
lowed to draw the money from the State treasury' to pay the Con-
federate treasury."

272 APPENDIX.

"10th month 22cl. At Camp Lee found that the Friends had
gone home, except young Gordon^ who was too sick to go ; also the
Korth Carolina Dunkards. The Virginia Dunkards are not yet
through with their cases."

"10th month 25th. We attended the meeting for sufferings of
North Carolina Yearly Meeting. An interesting occasion. Com-
mittee appointed to consider the exemption law, and report.
Friends seem very sweetly united in this time of trial and afflic-
tion. Friends cannot accept the provisions of the law as just, or as
what they had a right to expect. A number have placed money in
my hands for exemption."

"T have been engaged for several days assisting our friends Isham
Cox and Allen U. Tomlinson in trying to get off some young
Friends from military duty. Isham Cox stopped at a camp between
Eichmond and Petersburg to see his son-in-law Woody, whom, with
his brother, we succeeding in getting off. Isham Cox had a very
acceptable service in our meeting, and left next day for home, tak-
ing the Woody boys with him."

"12th month 10th. Took my wife in the buggy to camp near
Drury's Bluff, where General Daniel is in command, to visit the
young Friends. They have been kindly treated and not required to
perform military duty. Thompson is expecting exemption on ac-
count of poor health ; Stephen Hobson, hoping for release on the
ground of being a miller; and General Daniel tells us that an order
has been issued for the release of J. Harvey and S. Hobson."

"1st month 3d, 1863. Went to General Daniel's camp. The
young Friends have left. Called at Drury's Bluff, but found no
Friends there."

"1st month 16th. Isham Cox here to get Friends released from
army and prison."

"1st month 17th. Engaged all day arranging for the release of
six young Friends, for whom Isham Cox paid $3000."

"1st month 18th. Isham Cox gave us what seemed food conven-
ient for us at meeting today. He takes cars tomorrow for camp
near Fredericksburg."

"2d month 7th. Interceded for M. H. Bradshaw, not a Friend.
Secretary of War agreed to pass him as a Friend. I paid the tax
and Ijrouffht him home with me."

APPENDIX. 273

".2d month 9th. Got Bradshaw a passport home. Petitioned
Secretan- of War in behalf of Calvin Perkins."

"2d month 19th. General Pickett's division of the army quar-
tered here. A large portion in our woods. Colonel Brocton and
aids stayed with us. All left at noon. Have burned a lot of wood
and fencing.'"'

"3d month 2d. Successful in having the Secretarv' of War pass
as a Friend William A. Wells. Paid the tax for him and arranged
for liis discharge."

"'3d month 5th. Went with Matthew Osborne to see about re-
mo^'ing the remains of his son Jesse, who died at Oakwood in
Eighth month last. The superintendent showed us what he said
he was sure was the grave. Sent the coffin to Paper and Murray's
to be packed for removal to Xorth Carolina. On opening it, there
vvas found only a skeleton, a little hair and some pieces of cloth.'^
"3d month 19th. Letter from Thomas Kennedy's wife sapng
that he was sent to Piclimond."

"'3rd month 21st. Went to Richmond to see about Thomas Ken-
nedy. Learned that he had been sent Xorth under a flag of truce."
"3d month 31st. Went to meet Christian Eobertson and his son-
in-law (Dunkards), to help them to get the former out of the
army."

"Ith month 1st. Isham Cox here to try to get some young men
exempted."

"•1th month 2d. Went with Isham Cox, and we succeeded in get-
ting all these cases exempted from military duty, for which we are
truly thankful."

"'Ith month 6th. I was favored to get the release of 0. Gordon,
and paid the tax for him."

"4th month 12th. Xathan Hunt, Jr., at our meeting today.
Came home with me. I got a passport for him to Fredericksburg
tomorrow."

"4:th month 18th. Got a release for William P. Osborne. Learn-
ed that Christian Robertson's application was refused; but they of-
fered him a detail to hospital work. Procured a furlough for C.
Robertson (Dunkard) to go home for ten days. He has not ap-
plied for transfer to hospital duty."

"5th month 1st. C. Robertson has returned, true to his prom-
ise. Called at the war office, but found no decision in his case."

274 APPENDIX.

"5th month 2d. Took C. R. to get his furlough extended eight
days. He went to Chimborazo hospitaL His imcle came home
with me."

"5th month 6th. Coming from meeting with J. Harris we learn-
ed that the Federals had been in strong force around father's, and
taken all his horses. Got passport for J. Harris to go home."

"5th month 9th. Got an order to send Joseph Fell North ; also
a discharge for Eli Bird, who came home with me mu.ch rejoiced."

"5th month 1-ith. Went with Isham Cox to see i^ssistant Secre-
tary of War on account of several persons who desire exemption by
paying the tax imposed upon non-combatants."

"6th month 9th. Took C. Robertson to Richmond to the war of-
fice to see about his case. Got two Friends through and paid the
tax for them."

"9th month 4th. Went with John Pretlow and William Brad-
shaw to make an effort for Bradshaw's release. Hope we have suc-
ceeded though it has to pass through a long routine yet."

"10th month 1st. Isham Cox and J. Harris came in about night
from Orange Court House. Found the grave of John Hobson. His
father much distressed."

"11th month 2d. Engaged with father preparing memorial to
present to the Legislature, on exempting Friends from military
duty."

"11th month 5th. The memorial was jDresented to the half-
years meeting, which adopted it with great unanimity, and direct-
ed 300 copies printed for distribution among the members of the
Legislature. Friends parted in much love and unity, feeling that
trials await us."

"11th month 14th. Detained until late before the military com-
mittee of House of Delegates, who treated me respectfully, but de-
clined to do anything for Friends."

"lltli month 15th. Went to see Judge Campbell, who wished to
see me about the Hockett boys. He offers to send them JSTorth.
Wrote to their father for ad\'ice."

"11th month 21st. A defense which I wrote in reply to an attack
on non-coml)atants appeared in the 'Wliig' today."

"12th month 7th. The Secretaiy of War decided against T. R.
Vestal. I asked for a special interview in regard to his case. T.
R. Vestal is poorly."

APPENDIX. 275

"12th. month 11th. TVilliam Cos here to get me to assist liim in
the case of William Overman.'^

"12th month 12th. Eeceived orders for the release of C. Eohert-
son and John Eeynolds."

"12th month 21st. Went to Camp Lee and paid $500 to Captain
Ma}Tiard as exemption tax for my son. Xathaniel B. Crenshaw."

"12th month 26th. Procured an order to send A. G. Fell Xorth^
and an order to discharge A. Gr. Eiish from the army. I paid tax
for him in 6th month last, but he did not get his discharge,"

"12th month 28th. Lazarus Pearson came to see about Over-
man."

John B. Crenshaw's diarv- for the year 1864 is missing, but the
year was spent in a continuation of the same arduous work as the
extracts given indicate. A few quotations from the diary of 1865
may here be given.

"1st month 4th. At the enrolling office I was handed an exemp-
tion as a minister."

"'2d month 1st. Went with David Moffitt before the Secretary
of the Xavy, and succeeded in securing the release of his son from
the Confederate States nav}'."

"2d month 3d. Went to see about the cases of several Friends
who were suffering for the non-performance of militar}^ duties."

"2d month 14th. Got an early start to see the Advocate General
and several other officers. Saw W. T. Haley, FT. Ford and Milliken.
Obtained a recommendation from Hale's officers for his discharge.
Eeturned to Petersburg ver\' weary, having walked nearly twenty
miles."

"2d month 16th. On my way to Eichmond met James Hockett,
ISTathan Spencer and X. Farlow going toward my home. They
came by appointment of their monthly meeting to look after
Friends in the army."

"2d month 17th. Waiting on Friends, he found Seth Laughlin
died on the eighteenth of last month. Blair still sick."

"2d month 20th. Went to father's. Found them more cheerful
than expected from all that we had heard. The Federals took all
of his horses and most of his provisions. Father is trying to use
some of the broken-down horses and mules the Federals left on his
place."

276 APPENDIX.

On the first of Fourth month John B. Crenshaw and his daugh-
ter, now the A^dfe of Josiah Leeds of Philadelphia, went to his
father's, sixteen miles away, to attend meeting for worship at Cedar
Creek on the Sahbath, where occasional appointments were made
after the meeting had ceased to be regularly held. The next day,
April 2d, Jefferson Da\is and his cabinet, and many prominent
citizens of Eichmond, left the capital of the fast-waning Confed-
eracy. With the few troops remaining in the city, they hurriedly
took their departure for a more southern point, for safety from the
approaching Northern troops. 'Wliile John B. Crenshaw had been
attending meeting with the little company in the country, a Friend
minister from England was attending the city meeting, and on ar-
riving home that evening they found him as a guest. The diary
continues :

^'J. J. i^eave, a minister from England, at my home. Early in
the morning we heard heavy explosions, the blowing up of the mag-
azines, and we learn that the Federals are in the city. J. J. ISTeave
and I drove to the city and called on our Friends, whom we were
glad to find composed. On coming out we were stopped by colored
pickets, but they let us pass home. Warwick's mills and a large
space around destroyed by the Confederates burning the tobacco
warehouses."

"4th month 5th. Called on a number of Friends, among them
Judge Campbell, with whom I had a most interesting interview.
I rejoice that he remained in the city, believing that he will be very
useful in restoring order. Went to see some of my neighbors. Ser-
vants everywhere very unsettled. One of my neighbors. Colonel J.
B. Young, grossly insulted by the colored troops. His silver, etc.,
stolen, but was soon restored by an officer. Lawless men are tak-
ing horses, etc."

"4th month 8th. J. J. ISTeave and I were not allowed to go into
the city. A number of the neighbors called to ask advice. The
fright and harassment from robbers continues. At the request of
the neighbors I drew up a statement of the manner in which the
soldiers are robbing and insulting the people, and presented it to
General Wirtzel, to whom I was introduced by Judge Campbell.
The general promised to issue orders to repress the disorders."'

"4th month 12th. Had to get a pass to go home. Colored

APPENDIX. 277

j)ickets at our toll-gate. We all renewed our allegiance to the
United States."

"4tli month 14th. Colored troops sent off and arrangements
made to protect this section with white troops."

"4th month 18th. Went with ninnbers to get their passes."

"4th month 26th. Went with Allen U. Tomlinson to affirm his
allegiance to the United States. Got a pass to go to my home."

"6th month 2d. Had a long interview with Judge Campbell's
vife with reference to his present condition as a prisoner."

"6th month 3d. Writing a memorial to President Johnson on
behalf of Judge Campbell."

"6th month 5th. Father and I had a consultation with Judge
Campbell's wife. Met F. Euffin and Colonel Eay in reference to
memorial certificate, etc. Judge Lyons introduced us to Governor
Pierpont, who received us courteously and gave father Willets a
permit to visit the penitentiary and jails of the State, with request
that he would report the result."

"6th month 25th. After meeting, read to our Friends the
memorial in behalf of Judge Campbell. I was unanimously re-
quested to sign it in behalf of Friends in Virginia."

"6th month 29th. Father Crenshaw started this morning for
Washington with the memorial in behalf of Judge Campbell."

Here ends the diary, but we know that John B. Crenshaw contin-
ued in good works until the tenth of Fifth month, 1889, when he
passed from works to rewards.

INDEX.

Anthony, 24, 44, 71, 96, 97. 98. 118, 122, 123, 148, 140, 135, 137, 132, 103, 85,

Anthony 95, 77, 78, 79, 80, 88, 89

Arthur 72, 74

Alt 74

Anderson 72, 73, 79, 84. 83. 104

Akers 83, 93

Andrews 93

Alfriend 93

Adams 75, 98

Alvis 105

Austin 105

Bradford 98, 118, 150, 151

Bates 4, 53, 64, 68, 65, 70, 154. 91, 92. 93. 102, 103, 146, 152, 153. 155

Bates 156, 116, 104, 123, 115, 106, 111, 112

Ballard 3, 24, 78, 79, 80, 81, 89, 75. 76. 81, 83, 85, 96, 86, 74. 75

Ballard 123. 127, 132, 84. 148, 149, 23, 25, 26, 44, 71, 97, 99, 123

Ballard 73. 84, 149

Butler. .26. 72. 78. 74, 79, 87, 88. 89, 76, 77, 82, 72, 73, 74, 75, 94, 86, 44. 65

Butler 67, 68, 70, 97, 122, 125, 126, 128, 137, 139

Bailey 26, 44, 123. 73, 74, 75, 88. 82, 83, 125. 140, 141

Burgess 27. 72. 74, 78, 89, 95. 126. 127, 136, 140

Butterworth 25, 44. 73. 74. 93, 95, 125

Burch 100. 71. 101. 138

Brown 162. 81, 103. 138

Bond 72. 88, 89, 77, 86, 138

Bunker 138

Baker 96, 148

Brooks 4, 99, 104, 60, 90. 91. 80, 57, 59, 101. 147, 104

Bloxom 3, 162, 97, 120, 44, 25, 78, 79. 81, 89, 75, 95. 94. 80

Bloxom 172, 124, 126, 145

Bag^vell 96

Boyce 98, 83

Burruss 69, 89, 77, 55, 82

Bobbitt 77

Burton 76

Bedford 75

Bocock 79

Broaddus 01, 62

Benaugh 08

Biglow 103

Blackburn 106

280 INDEX.

Beal 96, 136

Bamett 150

Bradfield 72, 150, 94, 87, 136

Baker 148

Byrum 126, 130

Baughan 72, 75, 76, 77, 83, 94, 84, 86, 102

Bell 3, 8, 61, 62, 64, 100, 57, 59, 102

Barksdale 52, 90, 102

Bloom'er 100

Barnard 148

Betts 162, 97, 93, 78, 89, 75, 68, 84, 94, 86, 87

Blackley 85, 86

Boudlas 84

Bigger 96

Brown 78, 96

Clement 71

Cranstone 8

Curie 28, 44, 68, 97, 79, 88, 77, 94, 95, 86, 136, 137, 121

Coffin 77, 85, 86, 124, 128, 137

Cook 66, 67, 104, 129

Cadwalader 27, 72, 71, 88, 89, 75, 76, 77, 96, 82, 83, 85, 125, 128. 98

Carpenter 68, 103

Copeland 123

Congdon 103

Cobbs. . .6, 52, 53, 54, 61, 62, 63, 98, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 100, 101, 102, 103, 106

Cheadle 4, 52, 53, 54, 98, 55, 56, 101

Chiles 4, 52, 54, 55, 98, 56, 58, 59, 101

Clough 106

Crawford 91, 100

Cave 76, 97

Coffee 27, 72, 78, 89, 75, 122

Cummings 98

Cowgill 67, 99

Crenshaw 23, 67, 69, 78, 70, 65, 66, 38, 92, 93, 103, 155, 156, 104, 114, 115

Crew 5, 6, 78, 139, 145, 146, 72, 151, 154, 155, 156, 102, 103, 81, 95

Crew 60, 58, 59, 57, 58, 114, 115, 116, 27, 23, 98, 106, 109, 110, 111, 113

Crew 104, 105, 63, 153, 55, 56, 71, 38, 88, 91, 92, 90, 146, 120, 123

Carey 97, 69, 72, 79, 77, 94, 83, 86, 87, 137, 72, 118

Coggshall 75, 78

Candler 27, 44, 53, 79, 147, 80, 95, 75, 84, 100, 71, 73

Clarke 5, 6, 61, 62, 97, 147, 71, 72, 92, 93, 79, 90, 84, 101, 147

Callihan 105

Caldwell 147

Cameron 105

Cole 141

Cox 82, 178, 147, 136

Chandler 138

INDEX. 281

Couch 91, 88, 58, 98

Coulling 70, 93

Caffery 93

Carrington 93

Douglas .28, 97, 98, 118, 29, 44, 71, 93, 78, 80, 76, 77, 81, 82

Douglas 85, 86, 102, 73, 74, 75, 149

Davis 80, 79, 78, 81, 87, 88, 76, 74, 75, 28, 95, 96, 44, 82, 83, 85, 84

Davis.. 86, 97, 98, 117, 86, 118, 72, 102, 122, 123, 125, 135, 128, 139, 140, 145

Dixon 141

Dix 76, 82, 125, 137

Daniel 29, 136

Dabney 92, 96, 103

Dickenson 85

Daugherty 87

Dobins 162, 85

Darbery 98

Defer 83

Dudley 95

Doswell 57

Downer 92

Easley 73, 87, 78

Ely 140

Evins 98, 137

Elmore 129

English 129

Eceols 44

Ellis 56

Evoite 72,

Erwin 72, 71, 88, 89, 74, 85

Embree 45, 71, 88, 74, 85, 89

Ellett or Elliott 103, 65, 92

Eisher 30, 98, 45, 78, 79, 88, 77, 94, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 125, 128, 135

Fisher 138, 73, 74, 75, 139, 151, 72, 111, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124

Eowler 45, 162, 78, 75, 76, 94, 81, 84, 87, 150

Perrell 70, 71, 96, 119, 78, 79, 96, 82, 148

Eose 128

Fitzhugh 61, 62

Eeazle 85

Fox 95

Farrish 55

Farmer 45

Farguson 78, 87

French 113

Feddell 78

Fulchur 103

Oray 98

282 INDEX.

Gosney 97

Gipson 71

Grigg 78, 89, 72, 95, 94

Grewell 73, 74, 121.

Goff 148

Goode 71, 79, 96, 148

Gauntt 129

Gordon 91, 103, 104

Gatt 84

Grigsby 76. 82

Gaskins 93

Hawks 70

Hart 9, 10, 68, 106, 101, 103

Halladay 68

Holman 103

Hatton 105, 106, 98, 71, 91, 92, 75. 57, 59, 60, 102

Hewlett 54, 55, 56, 101

Holmes 89, 77, 85

Hainner 72, 89, 85

Hurt 75, 76, 85

Hale 72, 85

Headon 85

Hawkins 83

Hunter 95

Hubank 97, 95

Hackett 66

Harwood 65, 66, 67. 63

Harris 9, 10, 11, 54, 98, 115, 55. 64, 90, 91, 92. 89, 77. 56. 57, 58. 60, 96

Harris. . .85, 146, 101, 98. 116, 123, 99, 104, 106, 110, 112, 113, 103, 119, 161

Holland 147

Harrison 149, 150

Hanna 30. 69, 71, 96, 119, 45, 93, 79, 76. 75, 77. 83, 84, 85. 86. 87, 72

Hendrick 30, 78, 79, 88, 94, 87, 126, 72

Hendrake 45. 75

Holloway 30, 31, 120, 71, 78. 79, 77, 94, 81. 86. 87. 126, 137, 138, 73, 119

Hunnicutt 11, 104, 123, 91, 92, 90. 57, 50, 58, 94, 101. 102, 103

Huunicutt 138, 140, 141, 137

Higgason 106

Hadley 123

Hampton 146

Hobson 141

Hunt 123

Hateber 30, 88. 89, 136

Hougb 133

Hargrave 9, 10, 23, 45, 52, 54, 55, 61, 62, 63, 100, 104, 92. 55. 56, 57

Hargrave 58, 60, 128, 130, 132, 133

INDEX. 283

Hutchins 10, 104, 131

Hancock 08

Hill 70, 72. 75, 96

Herndon 81

Hall 68

Hargrove 9, 93

Hough 91

Hopkins 91, 104

Irby 92

Jordan 68, 122, 102, 141

Jones. . .13, 23, 46, 52, 98, 99, 103, 106, 122, 57, 58, 60, 83, 100, 101, 102, 103

Jackson 98, 101

Jude 101

James 36, 105, 78, 77, 82, 83, 84, 86

Janney 104, 96

Johns 95

Johnson 11, 12, 13, 85, 86, 87, 72, 45, 100, 101, 102, 103, 126, 127

Johnson 128, 130, 131, 133. 134, 125, 136, 137, 138, 147, 148, 73, 74

Johnson 72, 75, 149, 150, 84, 83, 82. 96, 95, 94, 57, 58, 76, 77, 80, 81

Johnson 165, 88, 166, 89, 148. 78. 79, 90, 162, 91. 93, 88, 98, 100. 105, 106

Knight 104

Kerby 148, 36, 46, 161. 87, 84, 128, 147, 73, 78, 149

Kendrick 148

Kirk 137

Kelly 120

Kimloys 103

Kutze 85

Lacy 70

Lynch 46, 150, 36, 74, 37, 72, 71, 97, 73, 148, 147, 123, 147, 87, 86, 85

Lynch 148, 84, 83, 82, 162, 96, 95, 94, 76, 90, 88, 80, 79, 78, 93

Lay 80, 149, 94

Lea 93, 78, 72, 82, 86, 76, 128

Lodge 39, 78, 76, 77, 94, 74, 125, 84, 83. 82

Lupton 83, 84, 125. 74

Lewis 37, 114, 72, 78, 88, 89, 76, 77, 137, 138

Ladd 115, 123, 110, 106, 109, 98, 99, 63, 62, 84, 85, 125, 135

Lerrow 72, 89, 102, 103

Lukens Ill

Latham 96

Ladd 91, 92, 93, 60. 58, 51

Lacy 76

Lenord 89

Leadbetter 92

Leeds 68, 70

Lyne 65

Liggett 98

2S4 INDEX.

Lowry 103

Lambert 123

Linville 124

Miller 76, 148, 73, 79

Milner 39, 87, 72, 78

Martin 38, 76, 84, 96, 85, 149, 93

Mills 106, 63, 92

Maddox 14, 60, 72

Mallory 75

Macey 37, 46, 81, 96, 86, 87, 137, 73, 121

Morgan , 141

Maddox 105, 140

IVIbore 136, 137, 138

Mathews 133, 135, 137, 138

Mazley 72

Mays 98

Millburn 39, 136

Moreland 46, 38, 97, 72, 89, 76, 75, 96, 85, 86, 133

Millhouse 39, 129

Maule 103, 104

McGeehee 53, 54, 55, 101

Majors 94, 86

McPherson 39, 77, 85

Micker 85

Mays 95

Metcalf 76

Morgan 88

McLaughlin 66

Moore 98, 99

Moorman. .14, 46, 38, 39, 149, 150, 151, 148, 147, 145, 138, 131, 130, 124, 127
Moorman. 100, 101, 102, 75, 82, 86, 115, 54, 37, 55, 56, 57, 60, 93, 94, 95, 84, 83

Moorman 82, 76, 90, 88, 89, 78, 79, 80. 81, 38, 52, 53, 71, 97, 147, 98

Oliphant 72, 88, 77, 85, 138

Poster 104

Paleske 70

Peebles 123

Pedin 67, 68

Pleasants 15, 23, 68, 69, 116, 70, 65, 66, 98, 99, 104, 106, 91, 92. 93, 90,

Pleasants 58, 59, 60, 101, 102, 156, 154, 155, 156

Preston 40, 98, 120, 111, 88, 76, 95, 96, 94, 83, 85, 86, 87, 127, 136, 149

Pidgeon 46, 39, 72, 78, 88, 89, 75, 76, 77, 95, 82, 85, 72, 125, 140, 73, 74

Plummer 40, 46, 89, 127, 139, 74

Pagon 40, 148

Perdue 40, 67, 72, 71, 89, 59, 127, 139, 140

Pretlow 16, 69, 64, 65, 66, 68, 104, 103. 139

Payne 98, 104, 132, 133, 134

INDEX. 285

Peatross 54, 62, 14, 15, 98, 60, 56, 57, 59, 101. 103

Pope 10.3

Parsons 15, 91, 90, 57, 58, 59, 101. 102

Piller 100

Paxson 97, 72, 93, 75, 77, 84, 85

Pennock 88, 89, 85

Phelps 77, 9G

Patton 96

Perkins 90

Powell 95

Parrish 76

Pollard 92

Parker 91. 76

Ricks 16, 68, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 104, 122

Eoberts 40, 46, 97, 98, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 93, 90, 76, 94, 95,

Roberts 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 74, 150, 162

Ratcliffe 15, 99, 92, 81, 88, 60, 82, 72, 73, /4

Russell 46, 100, 59, 101, 129

Redole 22, 101

Redd 101

Rogers 101, 124

Rice 103

Riicker 117

Ross 101

Richards 72, 78, 88, 89, 77, 96, 85

Richardson 99, 70, 81, 85

Reardson 85

Robeson 85

Reeder 83

Royall 95

Royster 90

Randle 89

' Rhodes 40, 88, 89

Riddick 93

Rice 92

Strong 104

Scott 64, 66

Snead 75, 78, 86, 123

Stanton 40, 41, 74, 71, 162, 73, 141, 165. 140, 120, 121, 128, 126, 86,

Stanton 87, 84, 82, 94, 95, 77, 79, 76, 75, 81, 80, 79, 78, 93, 46, 119, 96

Street 113

Stone 73

Swinney 73

Schoolfield 149

Smith 103, 91, 92, 129, 136, 137, 72

286 INDEX.

Swann 68

Stevens 98

Sumner 67

Shelton 104

Slaughter 72

Stanley 104, 105. 106, 117, 16, 17, 18, 101. 102, 91, 78, 91, 92, 57,

Stanley 59. 60, 130, 98, 99, 103, 148

Stabler 46, 98, 79, 90, 57, 135, 137

Speakman 96, 95, 127

Straasberry 85

Stratton 41, 97, 119, 120, 96, 80, 81, 88, 89, 76, 95, 94, 93, 82, 86

Schofield 94

Smithson 96

Straly 96

Schooly 88, 89, 77

Spencer 93

Slade 93

Sinton 68, 70, 65, 93

Sydnor 70, 105

Sea 71

Sumnierell 68

Tiller 103

Timberlake 43, 71, 73, 76. 81, 82, 96, 120, 162, 165

Terrell 8, 12, 41, 149, 53, 151, 152, 156, 155, 154, 75, 147, 145,

Terrell 141, 140, 139, 137, 134, 128, 129, 102, 103

Terrell 19, 20, 21, 22, 84, 82, 96, 95, 59, 60, 57, 58, 56, 55, 76, 90,

Terrell 87, 81, 80, 78, 79, 47, 41

Terrell 42, 52, 53, 54, 55, 63, 64, 69, 70, 71. 61, 148, 62, 162

Terrell 96, 97, 94, 109, 120, 100, 161

Tend 72

Teriy 97, 73

Tyree 98, 74, 83, 82, 95, 93

Talbot 132

Trimble 104

Tomlinson 129

Thomas 110

Tullis 42, 47, 64. 117, 97, 86, 87, 84, 81. 96, 77. 79. 149. 119

Turner 67, 72, 91, 85

Tennison 75, 84

Temple 54. 56

Tuggle 77, 88

Taylor 68, 76, 90. 91

Teazle 75. 76, 96

Thurman 72, 88

Turpin 78

Trevillian 91

INDEX. 287

Tate 71

Taber 64, 103

Vest 08

Vaughan 22, 105, 106, 64, 63, 102, 91, 92, 103, 104

Via 95, 119

Willis 69

Wood : 73, 91, 123, 150

Williams 79, 72, 85. 120

Wiley 129

WTiite 69, 64, 65, 67

Welch 43, 47, 97, 125

Wilson 122

Winn 103

Winston 66, 67, 97, 64, 22, 70, 53, 68, 55, 59, 95, 100, 106, 101, 102, 104

Watts 102

Watkins 91, 90, 57, 101, 102, 126

Wilkison 87

Wright 43, 117, 76, 85, 86, 96, 93, 124

Ward 47, 97, 96

\^Tiitlock 69, 70, 65, 66, 67, 93, 96

Wildman 43, 81, 89, 94, 95, 120

Wilkins 60

Woodson 90, 91

W illetts 68

Waldrop 103

Woodford 89

Williams 118

Waddell 93

Watson 91

Walker 113

Webster 92

Worthingtcn 67

Young 98

Younghusband 90, 91

No. "kn Sect._i_ Shelf.
CONTENTS

Lincoln National Life Foundation
Collateral Lincoln Library

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Full text of "Our Quaker Friends of ye olden time : being in part a transcript of the minute books of Cedar Creek meeting, Hanover County, and the South River meeting, Campbell County, Va"

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